pEDz38GxJ3c-00000-00000000-00000329 greetings Epic Adventures Seekers I'm
pEDz38GxJ3c-00001-00000330-00000580 Ali Biermann and you're joining us here
pEDz38GxJ3c-00002-00000581-00000797 today for let's get metaphysical
pEDz38GxJ3c-00003-00000798-00001243 connecting heart and mind today's guest
pEDz38GxJ3c-00004-00001244-00001673 bhupinder bansa is a unique blend of
pEDz38GxJ3c-00005-00001673-00002123 spirituality and Leadership and just
pEDz38GxJ3c-00006-00002124-00002459 from all the different worlds that he
pEDz38GxJ3c-00007-00002460-00002915 combines into one and we're gonna go
pEDz38GxJ3c-00008-00002916-00003221 there so you can understand what I just
pEDz38GxJ3c-00009-00003222-00003575 said before I jump in I have a quick
pEDz38GxJ3c-00010-00003576-00003970 question for you do you wish and hope
pEDz38GxJ3c-00011-00003971-00004181 that your world's gonna look different
pEDz38GxJ3c-00012-00004182-00004343 every day
pEDz38GxJ3c-00013-00004344-00004595 have you tried using affirmations and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00014-00004596-00004672 age
pEDz38GxJ3c-00015-00004673-00004979 don't seem to work for you I created a
pEDz38GxJ3c-00016-00004980-00005279 quick guide to get you started with what
pEDz38GxJ3c-00017-00005280-00005483 actually does work for affirmations
pEDz38GxJ3c-00018-00005484-00005747 because there's a way you need to say
pEDz38GxJ3c-00019-00005748-00005933 them so they get in your subconscious
pEDz38GxJ3c-00020-00005934-00006185 mind your conscious mind doesn't create
pEDz38GxJ3c-00021-00006186-00006467 your world there'll be a link in the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00022-00006468-00006748 show notes where you can download your
pEDz38GxJ3c-00023-00006750-00007014 free copy
pEDz38GxJ3c-00024-00007015-00007342 was born in India where he earned a
pEDz38GxJ3c-00025-00007343-00007660 degree in engineering and business and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00026-00007661-00007903 he migrated to Canada in
pEDz38GxJ3c-00027-00007904-00008446 1993 and he has an interesting
pEDz38GxJ3c-00028-00008447-00008837 evolution of where he started and where
pEDz38GxJ3c-00029-00008838-00009173 he became and what was really striking
pEDz38GxJ3c-00030-00009174-00009533 to me was how he was saying he sometimes
pEDz38GxJ3c-00031-00009534-00009796 tunes into people
pEDz38GxJ3c-00032-00009797-00010060 and then later when he meets them he
pEDz38GxJ3c-00033-00010061-00010445 discovers what he was tuning into was
pEDz38GxJ3c-00034-00010446-00010624 part of their world
pEDz38GxJ3c-00035-00010625-00010835 something I do it's called being
pEDz38GxJ3c-00036-00010836-00011092 multi-dimensional
pEDz38GxJ3c-00037-00011093-00011363 so already you're getting a picture of
pEDz38GxJ3c-00038-00011364-00011699 how he is different from all of us he's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00039-00011700-00012017 also an avid cyclist there's so much
pEDz38GxJ3c-00040-00012018-00012364 that's so special and so very excited to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00041-00012365-00012587 have you here today and I just want to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00042-00012588-00012887 get right in to talking because he's so
pEDz38GxJ3c-00043-00012888-00013255 welcome welcome to our show
pEDz38GxJ3c-00044-00013256-00013661 thank you Ali for that uh nice
pEDz38GxJ3c-00045-00013662-00014027 introduction and I'm really honored to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00046-00014028-00014208 be part of this show
pEDz38GxJ3c-00047-00014209-00014735 and my intent here is to share
pEDz38GxJ3c-00048-00014736-00015107 um I call it experiential best wisdom
pEDz38GxJ3c-00049-00015108-00015311 based on my own
pEDz38GxJ3c-00050-00015312-00015557 inner personal Journey
pEDz38GxJ3c-00051-00015558-00015883 and hopefully this would Inspire someone
pEDz38GxJ3c-00052-00015884-00016294 who's looking for let's call that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00053-00016295-00016444 Eternal happiness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00054-00016445-00016847 and how to sustain it for the long term
pEDz38GxJ3c-00055-00016848-00017147 and isn't that what we all seeking
pEDz38GxJ3c-00056-00017148-00017405 directly or indirectly
pEDz38GxJ3c-00057-00017406-00017753 to be peace to be that Joy
pEDz38GxJ3c-00058-00017754-00018167 in face of adversity and all the ups and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00059-00018168-00018389 downs of life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00060-00018390-00018808 I mean I first met you uh in the western
pEDz38GxJ3c-00061-00018809-00019175 act and you just have so very much
pEDz38GxJ3c-00062-00019176-00019607 wisdom and you are telling me about your
pEDz38GxJ3c-00063-00019608-00019997 book The Tree of Life and so many
pEDz38GxJ3c-00064-00019998-00020303 cultures have a tree of life and yours
pEDz38GxJ3c-00065-00020304-00020644 is quite unique and for me it's really
pEDz38GxJ3c-00066-00020645-00020927 powerful would you please share what
pEDz38GxJ3c-00067-00020928-00021113 your tree of life is
pEDz38GxJ3c-00068-00021114-00021341 absolutely
pEDz38GxJ3c-00069-00021342-00021449 um
pEDz38GxJ3c-00070-00021450-00021755 so I'll just mention that I'm currently
pEDz38GxJ3c-00071-00021756-00022069 working on a book
pEDz38GxJ3c-00072-00022070-00022230 and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00073-00022231-00022553 the whole book revolves around the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00074-00022554-00022721 central idea
pEDz38GxJ3c-00075-00022722-00023039 of the Tree of Life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00076-00023040-00023213 and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00077-00023214-00023513 you can imagine a a tree
pEDz38GxJ3c-00078-00023514-00023783 in the crown of the tree the leaves and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00079-00023784-00023933 the fruits
pEDz38GxJ3c-00080-00023934-00024247 let's call it the wealth Wellness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00081-00024248-00024563 all formal educations
pEDz38GxJ3c-00082-00024564-00024905 all successes that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00083-00024906-00025222 we strive for are tied into this crown
pEDz38GxJ3c-00084-00025223-00025397 of the tree
pEDz38GxJ3c-00085-00025398-00025702 but remember it is a tree the crown is
pEDz38GxJ3c-00086-00025704-00026122 not the tree
pEDz38GxJ3c-00087-00026123-00026524 money assets is not life that's what I'm
pEDz38GxJ3c-00088-00026525-00026639 saying
pEDz38GxJ3c-00089-00026639-00026933 it's a part of the life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00090-00026933-00027317 and far a crown to be healthy
pEDz38GxJ3c-00091-00027318-00027640 the branches to which the leaves the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00092-00027641-00027887 fruits everything are tied
pEDz38GxJ3c-00093-00027888-00028231 needs to be healthy so those branches
pEDz38GxJ3c-00094-00028232-00028607 represent physical wellness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00095-00028608-00029002 so if I am not taking care of my own
pEDz38GxJ3c-00096-00029004-00029362 physical body by feeding it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00097-00029363-00029807 uh right Foods filled with nourishment
pEDz38GxJ3c-00098-00029808-00030131 then it's like I'm not taking care of my
pEDz38GxJ3c-00099-00030132-00030352 car it'll be broken too often it will
pEDz38GxJ3c-00100-00030354-00030724 end up in the mechanics mechanics garage
pEDz38GxJ3c-00101-00030725-00031024 and then this car this body will not
pEDz38GxJ3c-00102-00031025-00031414 serve me it is very important no matter
pEDz38GxJ3c-00103-00031416-00031607 if you're in the corporate world if
pEDz38GxJ3c-00104-00031608-00031823 you're in the spiritual world or if
pEDz38GxJ3c-00105-00031824-00032014 you're just having fun
pEDz38GxJ3c-00106-00032016-00032279 and then these branches are attached to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00107-00032280-00032590 a trunk
pEDz38GxJ3c-00108-00032591-00032837 and if the trunk is not healthy
pEDz38GxJ3c-00109-00032838-00033149 and let's call the trunk or the trunk
pEDz38GxJ3c-00110-00033150-00033355 represents
pEDz38GxJ3c-00111-00033356-00033605 mental wealth I call it not even
pEDz38GxJ3c-00112-00033606-00033887 wellness it's a wealth
pEDz38GxJ3c-00113-00033888-00034205 and if the trunk is not robust
pEDz38GxJ3c-00114-00034206-00034601 then in face of adversities
pEDz38GxJ3c-00115-00034602-00034840 we shake
pEDz38GxJ3c-00116-00034841-00035129 and our prayers turns into changing the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00117-00035130-00035399 world outside of us
pEDz38GxJ3c-00118-00035400-00035789 and I can say from my own experience
pEDz38GxJ3c-00119-00035790-00036131 when I pray for people to change when I
pEDz38GxJ3c-00120-00036132-00036401 pray for situations to change
pEDz38GxJ3c-00121-00036402-00036702 it does not work all the time
pEDz38GxJ3c-00122-00036703-00036977 and that's where
pEDz38GxJ3c-00123-00036978-00037174 the part of the tree
pEDz38GxJ3c-00124-00037175-00037409 which is below the ground
pEDz38GxJ3c-00125-00037410-00037774 called The Roots it represents our
pEDz38GxJ3c-00126-00037775-00038045 spiritual wealth
pEDz38GxJ3c-00127-00038046-00038315 and if a tree does not know that it has
pEDz38GxJ3c-00128-00038316-00038602 roots also
pEDz38GxJ3c-00129-00038603-00039095 how can we expect the tree to stand
pEDz38GxJ3c-00130-00039096-00039449 in face of storms of life changes that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00131-00039450-00039767 happen
pEDz38GxJ3c-00132-00039768-00039965 and there is a beauty about The Roots
pEDz38GxJ3c-00133-00039966-00040240 the Roots are not impacted
pEDz38GxJ3c-00134-00040241-00040499 by the change in weather conditions
pEDz38GxJ3c-00135-00040500-00040918 are the seasons
pEDz38GxJ3c-00136-00040919-00041171 the part of the tree above the ground
pEDz38GxJ3c-00137-00041172-00041501 which is our physical world the mind and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00138-00041502-00041740 the body
pEDz38GxJ3c-00139-00041741-00041980 they are impacted
pEDz38GxJ3c-00140-00041981-00042167 they fluctuate
pEDz38GxJ3c-00141-00042168-00042539 they are bound to fluctuate
pEDz38GxJ3c-00142-00042540-00042796 but a tree that's not aware of its roots
pEDz38GxJ3c-00143-00042797-00042959 officers sense
pEDz38GxJ3c-00144-00042960-00043277 a person who's not aware of their own
pEDz38GxJ3c-00145-00043278-00043612 roots of their owner sense of their true
pEDz38GxJ3c-00146-00043613-00043817 authentic self
pEDz38GxJ3c-00147-00043818-00044062 it's bound to shake
pEDz38GxJ3c-00148-00044063-00044224 for them
pEDz38GxJ3c-00149-00044225-00044465 happiness is impermanent
pEDz38GxJ3c-00150-00044466-00044668 so is pain
pEDz38GxJ3c-00151-00044669-00044818 seasonal
pEDz38GxJ3c-00152-00044819-00045161 it changes with the outside world the so
pEDz38GxJ3c-00153-00045162-00045305 for me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00154-00045306-00045623 I am the Tree of Life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00155-00045624-00046012 and I need to invest
pEDz38GxJ3c-00156-00046013-00046271 in my own roots
pEDz38GxJ3c-00157-00046272-00046540 if I don't invest in my own Roots I have
pEDz38GxJ3c-00158-00046541-00046823 seen in the corporate world or even in
pEDz38GxJ3c-00159-00046824-00047099 the healthcare industry people around or
pEDz38GxJ3c-00160-00047100-00047327 around 40s or 50 what we call the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00161-00047328-00047585 burnout phenomenon is happening
pEDz38GxJ3c-00162-00047586-00047902 because when we don't nourish our own
pEDz38GxJ3c-00163-00047903-00048011 roots
pEDz38GxJ3c-00164-00048012-00048449 this tree falls before its time
pEDz38GxJ3c-00165-00048450-00048695 so that's a sense of the book they are
pEDz38GxJ3c-00166-00048696-00048827 actually
pEDz38GxJ3c-00167-00048828-00049073 seven different principles that I will
pEDz38GxJ3c-00168-00049074-00049361 be introducing in this book
pEDz38GxJ3c-00169-00049362-00049661 and the title of the book at this time
pEDz38GxJ3c-00170-00049662-00049990 it could change is called prosperity
pEDz38GxJ3c-00171-00049991-00050201 focused life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00172-00050202-00050489 instead of success
pEDz38GxJ3c-00173-00050490-00050893 or anything else less redefine
pEDz38GxJ3c-00174-00050894-00051143 what is success
pEDz38GxJ3c-00175-00051144-00051496 and let's lead all of us
pEDz38GxJ3c-00176-00051497-00051869 a prosperous life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00177-00051870-00051982 that's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00178-00051983-00052264 such a complete picture and I'm
pEDz38GxJ3c-00179-00052265-00052457 listening to you and I'm thinking about
pEDz38GxJ3c-00180-00052458-00052588 these
pEDz38GxJ3c-00181-00052589-00052961 world-class athletes and they have these
pEDz38GxJ3c-00182-00052962-00053147 brilliant couriers and they're taking
pEDz38GxJ3c-00183-00053148-00053447 care of the physical body and they tend
pEDz38GxJ3c-00184-00053448-00053657 not to live very long they tend not to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00185-00053658-00053909 be very healthy because they're ignoring
pEDz38GxJ3c-00186-00053910-00054137 all the other aspects that you are
pEDz38GxJ3c-00187-00054138-00054238 saying
pEDz38GxJ3c-00188-00054239-00054580 being outside I love nature and where I
pEDz38GxJ3c-00189-00054582-00054826 live there are woods around my house so
pEDz38GxJ3c-00190-00054827-00055126 I get to see we had a really rough
pEDz38GxJ3c-00191-00055127-00055391 winter last year for four months there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00192-00055391-00055654 was snow and ice on the ground and I was
pEDz38GxJ3c-00193-00055655-00055925 watching
pEDz38GxJ3c-00194-00055926-00056344 a lot about plants and trees and their
pEDz38GxJ3c-00195-00056345-00056742 fortitude and they were encased in ice
pEDz38GxJ3c-00196-00056744-00057142 for days at a time and I wondered how
pEDz38GxJ3c-00197-00057144-00057275 many of them are going to make it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00198-00057276-00057599 through the springtime all of them all
pEDz38GxJ3c-00199-00057600-00057982 of them came back and that's because of
pEDz38GxJ3c-00200-00057983-00058223 everything you are saying about their
pEDz38GxJ3c-00201-00058224-00058619 roots and you can see the right going
pEDz38GxJ3c-00202-00058620-00058961 out everywhere and going deep down
pEDz38GxJ3c-00203-00058962-00059219 and I talk about
pEDz38GxJ3c-00204-00059220-00059621 roots in the tree with the roots being
pEDz38GxJ3c-00205-00059622-00059950 fed by your early caretakers and that's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00206-00059951-00060232 what goes and that messes up your head
pEDz38GxJ3c-00207-00060233-00060450 and you're talking about as a
pEDz38GxJ3c-00208-00060451-00060671 spirituality and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00209-00060672-00061066 I strongly agree because I discovered if
pEDz38GxJ3c-00210-00061067-00061319 you don't have what you were just saying
pEDz38GxJ3c-00211-00061320-00061663 that spiritual aspect to your life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00212-00061664-00061961 something's missing and things just
pEDz38GxJ3c-00213-00061962-00062171 don't work right
pEDz38GxJ3c-00214-00062172-00062615 so I have a friend who owned many
pEDz38GxJ3c-00215-00062616-00062975 businesses and people would come to her
pEDz38GxJ3c-00216-00062976-00063269 and she was basically a Ministry
pEDz38GxJ3c-00217-00063270-00063641 and what you are describing just now
pEDz38GxJ3c-00218-00063641-00063935 you're like a minister in the world
pEDz38GxJ3c-00219-00063936-00064282 without using those terms because I I
pEDz38GxJ3c-00220-00064283-00064654 know that can turn people off so you
pEDz38GxJ3c-00221-00064655-00065032 show up for me you show up just being
pEDz38GxJ3c-00222-00065033-00065404 you and who you are your energy your
pEDz38GxJ3c-00223-00065405-00065590 choice of words speaks
pEDz38GxJ3c-00224-00065591-00065706 [Music]
pEDz38GxJ3c-00225-00065707-00066137 so loudly even if you don't speak your
pEDz38GxJ3c-00226-00066138-00066394 message is coming across does that make
pEDz38GxJ3c-00227-00066395-00066599 any sense to you
pEDz38GxJ3c-00228-00066600-00067031 yes it does and the truth is I'm not
pEDz38GxJ3c-00229-00067032-00067361 telling anyone anything new
pEDz38GxJ3c-00230-00067362-00067679 this is what we all are
pEDz38GxJ3c-00231-00067680-00067823 and let me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00232-00067824-00068135 shed some light on that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00233-00068136-00068447 for me spirituality or discovering my
pEDz38GxJ3c-00234-00068448-00068915 roots is simply two things
pEDz38GxJ3c-00235-00068916-00069269 what is my essence
pEDz38GxJ3c-00236-00069270-00069563 means my true self
pEDz38GxJ3c-00237-00069564-00069809 second what is the true nature of my
pEDz38GxJ3c-00238-00069810-00070031 existence
pEDz38GxJ3c-00239-00070032-00070343 am I Immortal being
pEDz38GxJ3c-00240-00070344-00070667 or am I not
pEDz38GxJ3c-00241-00070668-00070865 because
pEDz38GxJ3c-00242-00070866-00071165 every word when we say spiritual it has
pEDz38GxJ3c-00243-00071166-00071326 different meaning
pEDz38GxJ3c-00244-00071327-00071479 for different people
pEDz38GxJ3c-00245-00071480-00071776 for me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00246-00071777-00072071 being in this physical body has one
pEDz38GxJ3c-00247-00072072-00072419 supreme purpose
pEDz38GxJ3c-00248-00072420-00072694 to become who I am
pEDz38GxJ3c-00249-00072695-00072893 so
pEDz38GxJ3c-00250-00072894-00073247 I won't I can speak at length about it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00251-00073248-00073606 but I will try to keep it short
pEDz38GxJ3c-00252-00073607-00074038 the true nature of our existence
pEDz38GxJ3c-00253-00074039-00074255 is beyond time
pEDz38GxJ3c-00254-00074256-00074638 and beyond space
pEDz38GxJ3c-00255-00074639-00074969 let's call that awareness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00256-00074970-00075173 so if you were to really ask me who are
pEDz38GxJ3c-00257-00075174-00075526 you I will say I am awareness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00258-00075527-00075838 but I have manifested myself
pEDz38GxJ3c-00259-00075839-00076163 in the time and space Dimension as this
pEDz38GxJ3c-00260-00076164-00076571 mind and as this physical body
pEDz38GxJ3c-00261-00076572-00076931 my mind and my physical body are from me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00262-00076932-00077261 they're like my shadow
pEDz38GxJ3c-00263-00077262-00077561 I need it to operate in this world to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00264-00077562-00077897 have this conversation
pEDz38GxJ3c-00265-00077898-00078179 so my mind and my body
pEDz38GxJ3c-00266-00078180-00078647 are my manifestations they are for me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00267-00078648-00078844 from me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00268-00078845-00079217 but not me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00269-00079218-00079475 so someone could disagree with these
pEDz38GxJ3c-00270-00079476-00079643 words
pEDz38GxJ3c-00271-00079644-00079847 but it should not offend me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00272-00079848-00080411 if I remain rooted in myself
pEDz38GxJ3c-00273-00080412-00080747 the true nature of existence
pEDz38GxJ3c-00274-00080748-00081335 of all beings is the same
pEDz38GxJ3c-00275-00081336-00081605 but we have manifested ourselves people
pEDz38GxJ3c-00276-00081606-00081850 talk talk about manifesting law of
pEDz38GxJ3c-00277-00081851-00082067 attraction I always ask
pEDz38GxJ3c-00278-00082068-00082409 does the manifester of the Mind know
pEDz38GxJ3c-00279-00082410-00082894 whose manifestation it is
pEDz38GxJ3c-00280-00082895-00083165 and the one the real Manifesto the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00281-00083166-00083405 awareness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00282-00083406-00083681 is always complete it's always whole
pEDz38GxJ3c-00283-00083682-00083987 means it's desireless
pEDz38GxJ3c-00284-00083988-00084281 and once we Are Spiritual whence we find
pEDz38GxJ3c-00285-00084282-00084575 Our Roots and we know true nature of our
pEDz38GxJ3c-00286-00084576-00084694 existence
pEDz38GxJ3c-00287-00084695-00085025 then these two instruments
pEDz38GxJ3c-00288-00085026-00085355 call the mind and the body
pEDz38GxJ3c-00289-00085356-00085829 there becomes a mean to serve
pEDz38GxJ3c-00290-00085830-00086231 one Community called Humanity
pEDz38GxJ3c-00291-00086232-00086435 so that I'm just defining what are the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00292-00086436-00086753 roots what is the essence
pEDz38GxJ3c-00293-00086754-00087112 and this is what spirituality for me is
pEDz38GxJ3c-00294-00087113-00087431 so it doesn't matter which Walk of Life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00295-00087432-00087629 you are from
pEDz38GxJ3c-00296-00087630-00087887 the essence is saying just your
pEDz38GxJ3c-00297-00087888-00088181 manifestation if it is different from me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00298-00088182-00088409 you might think
pEDz38GxJ3c-00299-00088410-00088576 we are different
pEDz38GxJ3c-00300-00088577-00088991 but I don't think so
pEDz38GxJ3c-00301-00088992-00089309 that's of course I I think
pEDz38GxJ3c-00302-00089310-00089668 teaching that for a while now and I
pEDz38GxJ3c-00303-00089669-00089915 think the people I was talking to it was
pEDz38GxJ3c-00304-00089916-00090226 too esoteric for them so thank you so
pEDz38GxJ3c-00305-00090227-00090581 much for sharing the way you did and I'm
pEDz38GxJ3c-00306-00090582-00090899 looking forward to your book so wait
pEDz38GxJ3c-00307-00090900-00091085 very patiently and be sure everybody
pEDz38GxJ3c-00308-00091086-00091381 knows when you're ready to release it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00309-00091382-00091649 absolutely and in fact there's a whole
pEDz38GxJ3c-00310-00091650-00091787 chapter
pEDz38GxJ3c-00311-00091788-00092015 on this
pEDz38GxJ3c-00312-00092016-00092326 um spiritual aspect in the book
pEDz38GxJ3c-00313-00092327-00092638 it's called I am connected
pEDz38GxJ3c-00314-00092639-00092944 always
pEDz38GxJ3c-00315-00092945-00093149 so more to come
pEDz38GxJ3c-00316-00093150-00093587 yeah that's it's interesting that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00317-00093588-00093773 the fact that there's only one energy
pEDz38GxJ3c-00318-00093774-00094012 and everything in the cosmos is that one
pEDz38GxJ3c-00319-00094013-00094462 energy and I'm in a class that's very
pEDz38GxJ3c-00320-00094463-00094703 I think it's for very left brain people
pEDz38GxJ3c-00321-00094704-00094967 but the person teaching it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00322-00094968-00095123 is
pEDz38GxJ3c-00323-00095124-00095362 he speaks the left brain language so
pEDz38GxJ3c-00324-00095363-00095591 people listen to him but he just
pEDz38GxJ3c-00325-00095592-00095837 expressed how are all the same energy in
pEDz38GxJ3c-00326-00095838-00096125 our last class and I didn't see anybody
pEDz38GxJ3c-00327-00096126-00096509 making faces and I thought wow
pEDz38GxJ3c-00328-00096510-00096761 the message is getting out there and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00329-00096762-00096994 it's true that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00330-00096995-00097312 with the next Generations with each
pEDz38GxJ3c-00331-00097313-00097565 succeeding generation more and more
pEDz38GxJ3c-00332-00097566-00097762 people are I like to use the word
pEDz38GxJ3c-00333-00097763-00098017 Awakening and if there's a better word
pEDz38GxJ3c-00334-00098018-00098488 but since you shared so beautifully and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00335-00098489-00098812 deeply about what your book and your
pEDz38GxJ3c-00336-00098813-00099025 philosophy of life is I'm wondering
pEDz38GxJ3c-00337-00099026-00099287 would you share one of your poems with
pEDz38GxJ3c-00338-00099288-00099455 us please
pEDz38GxJ3c-00339-00099456-00099856 yeah I can uh share a poem and before I
pEDz38GxJ3c-00340-00099857-00100079 share the poem I really want to give a
pEDz38GxJ3c-00341-00100080-00100318 little background here okay
pEDz38GxJ3c-00342-00100319-00100450 um
pEDz38GxJ3c-00343-00100451-00100882 I didn't choose to write poetry
pEDz38GxJ3c-00344-00100883-00101405 I didn't choose to be an author
pEDz38GxJ3c-00345-00101406-00101687 let's call it these are the spontaneous
pEDz38GxJ3c-00346-00101688-00101843 fruits
pEDz38GxJ3c-00347-00101844-00102161 on my inner Journey
pEDz38GxJ3c-00348-00102162-00102556 and poetry for me is more of a way to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00349-00102557-00102953 document my inner journey in each word
pEDz38GxJ3c-00350-00102954-00103240 is like a footstep
pEDz38GxJ3c-00351-00103241-00103540 and sometimes I stumble across some old
pEDz38GxJ3c-00352-00103541-00103847 poems which happened last week a poem
pEDz38GxJ3c-00353-00103848-00104116 from 10 years back popped up in my
pEDz38GxJ3c-00354-00104117-00104266 Facebook feed
pEDz38GxJ3c-00355-00104267-00104584 then I can see the path I I Traverse
pEDz38GxJ3c-00356-00104585-00104704 down
pEDz38GxJ3c-00357-00104705-00105077 and I share these Footsteps in form of
pEDz38GxJ3c-00358-00105078-00105431 prose and poetry
pEDz38GxJ3c-00359-00105432-00105947 for two reasons it keeps me steadfast
pEDz38GxJ3c-00360-00105948-00106186 on my journey
pEDz38GxJ3c-00361-00106188-00106373 secondly
pEDz38GxJ3c-00362-00106374-00106708 I don't use the word help
pEDz38GxJ3c-00363-00106709-00106931 it could inspire
pEDz38GxJ3c-00364-00106932-00107063 someone
pEDz38GxJ3c-00365-00107064-00107416 who might be thinking
pEDz38GxJ3c-00366-00107417-00107734 that am I on the right path or not
pEDz38GxJ3c-00367-00107735-00107902 and I will say
pEDz38GxJ3c-00368-00107903-00108358 when this path shows me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00369-00108359-00108634 I was very afraid to share some of my
pEDz38GxJ3c-00370-00108635-00108851 writings I'm like what has happened to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00371-00108852-00109102 you papender
pEDz38GxJ3c-00372-00109103-00109234 now
pEDz38GxJ3c-00373-00109235-00109481 I have no reluctance
pEDz38GxJ3c-00374-00109482-00109960 I'm rooted in this truth
pEDz38GxJ3c-00375-00109961-00110386 and hopefully this poem will inspire
pEDz38GxJ3c-00376-00110388-00110813 the listeners on their Journey
pEDz38GxJ3c-00377-00110814-00111208 so the poem goes Crying In Joy
pEDz38GxJ3c-00378-00111209-00111683 I shed all my pain
pEDz38GxJ3c-00379-00111683-00112031 Crying In Joy I shed all my pain
pEDz38GxJ3c-00380-00112032-00112390 my soul melted away getting lighter each
pEDz38GxJ3c-00381-00112391-00112577 moment
pEDz38GxJ3c-00382-00112578-00112877 by losing myself
pEDz38GxJ3c-00383-00112878-00113207 I have found me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00384-00113208-00113584 means I was attached to this body
pEDz38GxJ3c-00385-00113585-00113765 to this mind
pEDz38GxJ3c-00386-00113766-00113951 I lost both
pEDz38GxJ3c-00387-00113952-00114304 means I became detached and have found
pEDz38GxJ3c-00388-00114305-00114413 me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00389-00114414-00114857 means the true nature of my existence
pEDz38GxJ3c-00390-00114858-00115228 by burning my house of desires
pEDz38GxJ3c-00391-00115229-00115775 I lit up the sky of love
pEDz38GxJ3c-00392-00115776-00116069 by burning my house of desires I lit up
pEDz38GxJ3c-00393-00116070-00116236 the sky of love
pEDz38GxJ3c-00394-00116238-00116507 through the door of Courage I walked
pEDz38GxJ3c-00395-00116508-00116986 compassionately as words of compassion
pEDz38GxJ3c-00396-00116988-00117304 flow gently from my soul
pEDz38GxJ3c-00397-00117305-00117586 my head is resting again as sorrow has
pEDz38GxJ3c-00398-00117588-00117827 escaped because of her pain and
pEDz38GxJ3c-00399-00117828-00117940 suffering
pEDz38GxJ3c-00400-00117941-00118321 is because of our attachment to the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00401-00118322-00118607 impermanent dimension of our existence
pEDz38GxJ3c-00402-00118608-00119086 AKA mind and the physical body
pEDz38GxJ3c-00403-00119088-00119308 it's not the outside world
pEDz38GxJ3c-00404-00119309-00119531 we have to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00405-00119532-00119873 fully and truly understand who we are
pEDz38GxJ3c-00406-00119874-00120083 and we don't have to go read a book to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00407-00120083-00120215 understand this
pEDz38GxJ3c-00408-00120216-00120563 this phenomenon is happening
pEDz38GxJ3c-00409-00120564-00120766 with every being
pEDz38GxJ3c-00410-00120767-00121169 all the 8 billion people irrespective of
pEDz38GxJ3c-00411-00121170-00121601 what their faith is this is beyond faith
pEDz38GxJ3c-00412-00121602-00121871 this is beyond any boundaries that we
pEDz38GxJ3c-00413-00121872-00122033 might have drawn
pEDz38GxJ3c-00414-00122033-00122273 based on our color
pEDz38GxJ3c-00415-00122274-00122410 on
pEDz38GxJ3c-00416-00122411-00122704 ethnicity nationality
pEDz38GxJ3c-00417-00122705-00122963 this is beyond
pEDz38GxJ3c-00418-00122964-00123251 all the fragmentations that the mind has
pEDz38GxJ3c-00419-00123252-00123383 created
pEDz38GxJ3c-00420-00123383-00123778 and that's the beauty of being spiritual
pEDz38GxJ3c-00421-00123779-00124271 so from the thick fog of past memories
pEDz38GxJ3c-00422-00124272-00124589 releasing the long drought of happiness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00423-00124590-00124840 in pool of emotions
pEDz38GxJ3c-00424-00124841-00125033 Fearless
pEDz38GxJ3c-00425-00125033-00125321 and walking naked
pEDz38GxJ3c-00426-00125322-00125536 naked means
pEDz38GxJ3c-00427-00125538-00125933 awareness totally detached
pEDz38GxJ3c-00428-00125933-00126125 totally stable
pEDz38GxJ3c-00429-00126126-00126395 peace
pEDz38GxJ3c-00430-00126396-00126545 the layers
pEDz38GxJ3c-00431-00126546-00126881 are all these
pEDz38GxJ3c-00432-00126882-00127289 emotions feelings they are there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00433-00127290-00127565 but I don't identify myself
pEDz38GxJ3c-00434-00127566-00127883 with these thoughts
pEDz38GxJ3c-00435-00127883-00128375 it's like an actor on a stage
pEDz38GxJ3c-00436-00128376-00128807 is an actor on the stage if he's acting
pEDz38GxJ3c-00437-00128808-00129227 today says a beggar
pEDz38GxJ3c-00438-00129228-00129521 he goes he still goes home he doesn't
pEDz38GxJ3c-00439-00129522-00129766 stay on the streets
pEDz38GxJ3c-00440-00129767-00130181 he knows who is so we or at least I will
pEDz38GxJ3c-00441-00130182-00130421 speak for myself
pEDz38GxJ3c-00442-00130422-00130673 I have these different Expressions I am
pEDz38GxJ3c-00443-00130674-00130901 a father I'm a poet I'm an author I'm
pEDz38GxJ3c-00444-00130902-00131164 employee I'm a spouse one and so on but
pEDz38GxJ3c-00445-00131165-00131531 I'm none of these
pEDz38GxJ3c-00446-00131532-00131693 I was there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00447-00131694-00131969 before I became a father
pEDz38GxJ3c-00448-00131970-00132287 I was there before I became a spouse
pEDz38GxJ3c-00449-00132288-00132635 and if we expand this
pEDz38GxJ3c-00450-00132636-00132802 I was there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00451-00132803-00133090 before this physical body was there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00452-00133091-00133264 I will be there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00453-00133265-00133463 when this physical body will not be
pEDz38GxJ3c-00454-00133464-00133607 there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00455-00133608-00134002 it's like that layer sorry
pEDz38GxJ3c-00456-00134003-00134321 the wave on the ocean surface
pEDz38GxJ3c-00457-00134322-00134578 the water is there before the before the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00458-00134579-00134878 wave is formed the water remains
pEDz38GxJ3c-00459-00134879-00135304 after the wave drops into the ocean
pEDz38GxJ3c-00460-00135305-00135509 of a truer sense
pEDz38GxJ3c-00461-00135510-00135851 so let me finish this poem
pEDz38GxJ3c-00462-00135852-00136331 Fearless I'm walking naked
pEDz38GxJ3c-00463-00136332-00136613 let us all
pEDz38GxJ3c-00464-00136614-00137014 dare to walk naked
pEDz38GxJ3c-00465-00137015-00137377 now this is a call for action
pEDz38GxJ3c-00466-00137378-00137897 let us all dare to walk naked as one
pEDz38GxJ3c-00467-00137898-00138413 shedding all masks of self-destruction
pEDz38GxJ3c-00468-00138414-00138737 by cultivating beauty within
pEDz38GxJ3c-00469-00138738-00138983 to savor
pEDz38GxJ3c-00470-00138984-00139378 the sweetness of gliss
pEDz38GxJ3c-00471-00139379-00139564 and that's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00472-00139565-00139793 the end of the poem
pEDz38GxJ3c-00473-00139794-00140104 that's very beautiful and it's so deep
pEDz38GxJ3c-00474-00140105-00140393 and I gotta tell you I'm a big fan of
pEDz38GxJ3c-00475-00140394-00140627 Deepak Chopra and it's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00476-00140628-00140861 I feel like I'm listening to the Epic
pEDz38GxJ3c-00477-00140862-00141233 show for explaining his view of life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00478-00141234-00141321 so that's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00479-00141322-00141502 [Music]
pEDz38GxJ3c-00480-00141503-00141731 it it really touched me thank you so
pEDz38GxJ3c-00481-00141732-00141911 much for sharing that when did you write
pEDz38GxJ3c-00482-00141912-00142025 that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00483-00142026-00142435 this was actually written in 2012. okay
pEDz38GxJ3c-00484-00142436-00142721 and I stumbled across
pEDz38GxJ3c-00485-00142722-00143069 um again and I missed three lines they
pEDz38GxJ3c-00486-00143070-00143254 are important let me quickly share those
pEDz38GxJ3c-00487-00143255-00143435 two okay
pEDz38GxJ3c-00488-00143436-00143789 let us see love Through The Eyes of our
pEDz38GxJ3c-00489-00143790-00144113 soul
pEDz38GxJ3c-00490-00144114-00144437 let us see love Through The Eyes of our
pEDz38GxJ3c-00491-00144438-00144731 soul Beyond these walls of separated
pEDz38GxJ3c-00492-00144732-00144952 thoughts
pEDz38GxJ3c-00493-00144953-00145216 so this is what it means
pEDz38GxJ3c-00494-00145217-00145463 when we are looking at the world you
pEDz38GxJ3c-00495-00145464-00145637 know how we talk about
pEDz38GxJ3c-00496-00145638-00145840 this meditation about witnessing
pEDz38GxJ3c-00497-00145841-00146314 witnessing what witnessing the thoughts
pEDz38GxJ3c-00498-00146315-00146657 and I'm what really saying here is can
pEDz38GxJ3c-00499-00146658-00147154 the witness itself
pEDz38GxJ3c-00500-00147155-00147461 can the witness know it is the witness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00501-00147462-00147652 can the Consciousness know it is
pEDz38GxJ3c-00502-00147653-00147935 consciousness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00503-00147936-00148169 where we fall short is we as
pEDz38GxJ3c-00504-00148170-00148361 Consciousness are conscious of
pEDz38GxJ3c-00505-00148362-00148493 everything
pEDz38GxJ3c-00506-00148494-00149140 except that we are consciousness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00507-00149141-00149531 let me repeat that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00508-00149532-00149831 we are still mindful being conscious
pEDz38GxJ3c-00509-00149832-00150299 being aware the question is of what
pEDz38GxJ3c-00510-00150300-00150604 of everything
pEDz38GxJ3c-00511-00150605-00150827 but what about being conscious that I'm
pEDz38GxJ3c-00512-00150828-00151193 consciousness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00513-00151194-00151397 to the one who's looking through the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00514-00151398-00151769 Mind who is that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00515-00151770-00151985 and the walls of Separation we are
pEDz38GxJ3c-00516-00151986-00152309 looking at this world through our memory
pEDz38GxJ3c-00517-00152310-00152554 through the mind
pEDz38GxJ3c-00518-00152555-00152735 it is white snow
pEDz38GxJ3c-00519-00152736-00153035 bhupender is wearing red glasses
pEDz38GxJ3c-00520-00153036-00153485 Ali is wearing green glasses
pEDz38GxJ3c-00521-00153486-00153628 that color
pEDz38GxJ3c-00522-00153629-00153940 is here standing behind the mind
pEDz38GxJ3c-00523-00153941-00154276 the witness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00524-00154277-00154540 can this Witness
pEDz38GxJ3c-00525-00154541-00155237 take off these glasses
pEDz38GxJ3c-00526-00155238-00155489 that is seeing the World Through The
pEDz38GxJ3c-00527-00155490-00155669 Eyes Of the Soul
pEDz38GxJ3c-00528-00155670-00155914 without
pEDz38GxJ3c-00529-00155915-00156209 any of the past
pEDz38GxJ3c-00530-00156210-00156881 being here now
pEDz38GxJ3c-00531-00156882-00157109 I love that I've never thought about
pEDz38GxJ3c-00532-00157110-00157354 that before I might steal that from you
pEDz38GxJ3c-00533-00157355-00157661 that's beautiful and it's so clear it's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00534-00157662-00157907 easy to understand
pEDz38GxJ3c-00535-00157908-00158293 yes and and uh uh you mentioned earlier
pEDz38GxJ3c-00536-00158294-00158663 I'm trained engineer I was trained to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00537-00158664-00158921 use the left side of my brain I did very
pEDz38GxJ3c-00538-00158922-00159149 well
pEDz38GxJ3c-00539-00159150-00159526 when poetry happened it was like
pEDz38GxJ3c-00540-00159527-00159778 visualization
pEDz38GxJ3c-00541-00159779-00160109 using metaphors to explain
pEDz38GxJ3c-00542-00160110-00160385 what is beyond the grasp of the Mind
pEDz38GxJ3c-00543-00160386-00160597 left side of the brain
pEDz38GxJ3c-00544-00160598-00160895 I believe in metaphors now you're
pEDz38GxJ3c-00545-00160896-00161473 bringing something that's truly abstract
pEDz38GxJ3c-00546-00161474-00161807 and I know I will still fail the reason
pEDz38GxJ3c-00547-00161808-00162161 I say that is if I was had gone to a
pEDz38GxJ3c-00548-00162162-00162478 garden and smelled a rose on this nice
pEDz38GxJ3c-00549-00162479-00162737 rose bush and I come here and I started
pEDz38GxJ3c-00550-00162738-00163054 telling the audience through the words
pEDz38GxJ3c-00551-00163055-00163295 start talking about the fragrance
pEDz38GxJ3c-00552-00163296-00163528 will any of the audiences who are
pEDz38GxJ3c-00553-00163529-00163823 listening
pEDz38GxJ3c-00554-00163824-00164081 get the fragrance no
pEDz38GxJ3c-00555-00164082-00164381 I cannot bring that fragrance here
pEDz38GxJ3c-00556-00164382-00164716 but it might become Inspire someone oh
pEDz38GxJ3c-00557-00164717-00165028 propender was describing so joyfully
pEDz38GxJ3c-00558-00165029-00165340 that fragrance maybe it's time for me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00559-00165341-00165533 to go to that Garden
pEDz38GxJ3c-00560-00165534-00165713 the garden
pEDz38GxJ3c-00561-00165714-00166235 is our true self
pEDz38GxJ3c-00562-00166236-00166523 currently wait for your buck
pEDz38GxJ3c-00563-00166524-00166835 I love the way you express everything
pEDz38GxJ3c-00564-00166836-00167140 and it's amazing because you use
pEDz38GxJ3c-00565-00167141-00167297 metaphors
pEDz38GxJ3c-00566-00167298-00167687 that I haven't or haven't read elsewhere
pEDz38GxJ3c-00567-00167688-00168011 because all these people who teach
pEDz38GxJ3c-00568-00168012-00168214 something similar
pEDz38GxJ3c-00569-00168215-00168478 you say it differently
pEDz38GxJ3c-00570-00168479-00168778 so an audience that hasn't responded to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00571-00168779-00169097 them yet they're waiting for you
pEDz38GxJ3c-00572-00169098-00169345 thank you thank you and I'm here
pEDz38GxJ3c-00573-00169346-00169787 honestly to to share this fragrance
pEDz38GxJ3c-00574-00169788-00170159 let's call it that day wisdom
pEDz38GxJ3c-00575-00170160-00170537 and I truly believe each one of us
pEDz38GxJ3c-00576-00170538-00171016 have this ocean of wisdom within us
pEDz38GxJ3c-00577-00171017-00171239 so I'm saying
pEDz38GxJ3c-00578-00171240-00171490 we don't have to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00579-00171491-00171785 follow anyone but we can get inspired by
pEDz38GxJ3c-00580-00171786-00171911 someone
pEDz38GxJ3c-00581-00171912-00172181 because we each again another metaphor
pEDz38GxJ3c-00582-00172182-00172439 you're gonna love this one
pEDz38GxJ3c-00583-00172440-00172714 there is one Sun
pEDz38GxJ3c-00584-00172715-00173004 and then there are millions or billions
pEDz38GxJ3c-00585-00173005-00173371 rays of light
pEDz38GxJ3c-00586-00173372-00173783 and all of them are always attached to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00587-00173784-00174101 the Sun never separated me and you are
pEDz38GxJ3c-00588-00174102-00174478 two rays of light
pEDz38GxJ3c-00589-00174479-00174731 and if I'm looking for light
pEDz38GxJ3c-00590-00174732-00175037 I'm looking for the light means that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00591-00175038-00175235 happiness outside of me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00592-00175236-00175457 I'm not going to find it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00593-00175458-00175739 can Ali give that light to bhupender
pEDz38GxJ3c-00594-00175740-00176087 no bhupender already has it but Ali Kim
pEDz38GxJ3c-00595-00176088-00176543 say where to go find it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00596-00176544-00176776 this is the way I see it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00597-00176777-00177101 wisdom cannot be given to anyone because
pEDz38GxJ3c-00598-00177102-00177257 everyone here
pEDz38GxJ3c-00599-00177258-00177664 has the wisdom but they've been told
pEDz38GxJ3c-00600-00177665-00177887 you have to find that from a book you
pEDz38GxJ3c-00601-00177888-00178099 have to find that from that person
pEDz38GxJ3c-00602-00178100-00178433 now they're all telling you look within
pEDz38GxJ3c-00603-00178434-00178564 yourself
pEDz38GxJ3c-00604-00178565-00179051 in fact that light itself is the Sun
pEDz38GxJ3c-00605-00179052-00179285 so how you can be separated from the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00606-00179286-00179488 source
pEDz38GxJ3c-00607-00179489-00179716 you might try but you cannot you will
pEDz38GxJ3c-00608-00179717-00179981 cease to exist the moment you as a ray
pEDz38GxJ3c-00609-00179982-00180190 of light think the sun is somewhere else
pEDz38GxJ3c-00610-00180191-00180431 I'm here
pEDz38GxJ3c-00611-00180432-00180587 one son
pEDz38GxJ3c-00612-00180588-00180875 we are all
pEDz38GxJ3c-00613-00180876-00181066 rays of light
pEDz38GxJ3c-00614-00181067-00181319 from that sun the only difference is
pEDz38GxJ3c-00615-00181320-00181619 most of these rays of light are looking
pEDz38GxJ3c-00616-00181620-00181985 outward means what is being illuminated
pEDz38GxJ3c-00617-00181986-00182302 in their light they become attached to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00618-00182303-00182531 it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00619-00182532-00183328 foreign
pEDz38GxJ3c-00620-00183329-00183569 [Music]
pEDz38GxJ3c-00621-00183570-00183761 I'm gonna have to have you back again
pEDz38GxJ3c-00622-00183762-00183952 because there's so much more I want to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00623-00183953-00184354 talk about with you anytime okay we will
pEDz38GxJ3c-00624-00184355-00184559 definitely schedule and you won't be
pEDz38GxJ3c-00625-00184560-00184883 moving so it won't be for months before
pEDz38GxJ3c-00626-00184884-00185249 we go down here again wow yeah there's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00627-00185250-00185423 definitely a whole lot more I want to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00628-00185424-00185735 share with you would you please
pEDz38GxJ3c-00629-00185736-00186071 believe is there one message
pEDz38GxJ3c-00630-00186072-00186419 something you said so very much today is
pEDz38GxJ3c-00631-00186420-00186688 there one thought that you want to leave
pEDz38GxJ3c-00632-00186689-00186976 with everyone today
pEDz38GxJ3c-00633-00186977-00187228 yeah what I'll say is
pEDz38GxJ3c-00634-00187229-00187601 less collectively
pEDz38GxJ3c-00635-00187602-00187925 rise together what that means is let's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00636-00187926-00188128 start nourishing
pEDz38GxJ3c-00637-00188129-00188459 our own roots
pEDz38GxJ3c-00638-00188460-00188740 and once we start doing that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00639-00188741-00188933 we will find there's so many other
pEDz38GxJ3c-00640-00188934-00189454 people who either want to do this
pEDz38GxJ3c-00641-00189455-00189695 or they think they are doing something
pEDz38GxJ3c-00642-00189696-00190193 abnormal and second part remember that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00643-00190194-00190451 part of the tree above the ground the
pEDz38GxJ3c-00644-00190452-00190564 material wall
pEDz38GxJ3c-00645-00190565-00190823 can never be separated
pEDz38GxJ3c-00646-00190824-00191057 from the roots from spirituality they're
pEDz38GxJ3c-00647-00191058-00191375 one and the same if you think
pEDz38GxJ3c-00648-00191376-00191549 you won't be good enough for this
pEDz38GxJ3c-00649-00191550-00191752 physical world you're mistaken you have
pEDz38GxJ3c-00650-00191753-00192071 not fully experimented with it
pEDz38GxJ3c-00651-00192072-00192316 so finding Who You Are
pEDz38GxJ3c-00652-00192317-00192725 is greater challenge than any challenge
pEDz38GxJ3c-00653-00192726-00192976 you might have taken so far
pEDz38GxJ3c-00654-00192977-00193361 and I believe each one of the people out
pEDz38GxJ3c-00655-00193362-00193714 there and I'm always open to if someone
pEDz38GxJ3c-00656-00193715-00194045 has any questions or they just want to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00657-00194046-00194452 sit down and have a talk with me
pEDz38GxJ3c-00658-00194453-00194657 and what would be the best way for
pEDz38GxJ3c-00659-00194658-00194885 people to reach you
pEDz38GxJ3c-00660-00194886-00195328 uh you can uh they can reach me at my
pEDz38GxJ3c-00661-00195329-00195490 Gmail
pEDz38GxJ3c-00662-00195491-00195737 and from there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00663-00195738-00196038 um I can even provide set up a meeting
pEDz38GxJ3c-00664-00196039-00196261 to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00665-00196262-00196583 provide let's call it guidance in any
pEDz38GxJ3c-00666-00196584-00196751 aspect of their life
pEDz38GxJ3c-00667-00196752-00196990 especially spirituality
pEDz38GxJ3c-00668-00196991-00197135 okay
pEDz38GxJ3c-00669-00197136-00197273 that's
pEDz38GxJ3c-00670-00197274-00197437 a very
pEDz38GxJ3c-00671-00197438-00197740 profound and Priceless gift for
pEDz38GxJ3c-00672-00197741-00198054 everybody so I will put that information
pEDz38GxJ3c-00673-00198055-00198449 in our show notes you know definitely
pEDz38GxJ3c-00674-00198450-00198743 want to get you back on this show
pEDz38GxJ3c-00675-00198744-00199102 and I thank you thank you thank you for
pEDz38GxJ3c-00676-00199103-00199450 being you I thank you for being you in
pEDz38GxJ3c-00677-00199451-00199745 the world because who you are just
pEDz38GxJ3c-00678-00199746-00199966 matters more than anything else out
pEDz38GxJ3c-00679-00199967-00200164 there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00680-00200165-00200483 remind everybody here
pEDz38GxJ3c-00681-00200484-00200764 to check the show notes well this all be
pEDz38GxJ3c-00682-00200765-00201043 in the show notes so that you can get
pEDz38GxJ3c-00683-00201044-00201335 your download of affirmations that
pEDz38GxJ3c-00684-00201336-00201778 actually work and also join our Facebook
pEDz38GxJ3c-00685-00201779-00202121 group ask questions please tell me where
pEDz38GxJ3c-00686-00202122-00202402 you're listening from I looked the other
pEDz38GxJ3c-00687-00202403-00202600 day and the list was like 30 different
pEDz38GxJ3c-00688-00202601-00202799 countries around the world so let us
pEDz38GxJ3c-00689-00202800-00203052 know you are where you're listening from
pEDz38GxJ3c-00690-00203053-00203359 and what you want to know more about
pEDz38GxJ3c-00691-00203360-00203704 I'll definitely going to schedule for
pEDz38GxJ3c-00692-00203705-00203926 the panda to come back with us because
pEDz38GxJ3c-00693-00203927-00204245 there's a whole lot more that I want to
pEDz38GxJ3c-00694-00204246-00204454 know about him and the way he's living
pEDz38GxJ3c-00695-00204455-00204676 and impacting the world
pEDz38GxJ3c-00696-00204677-00205012 and the most important of all enjoy
pEDz38GxJ3c-00697-00205013-00205469 capital i n capital j o y every moment
pEDz38GxJ3c-00698-00205469-00205912 because nothing happens out there you
pEDz38GxJ3c-00699-00205913-00206219 don't see out there it's in here you
pEDz38GxJ3c-00700-00206219-00206501 don't hear a taste touch sense
pEDz38GxJ3c-00701-00206502-00206771 smell out there
pEDz38GxJ3c-00702-00206771-00206969 and I look forward to being here with
pEDz38GxJ3c-00703-00206969-00207326 you next time
pGAkkDrxyJc-00000-00000888-00001054 i'd like to welcome all the students in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00001-00001055-00001150 our audience
pGAkkDrxyJc-00002-00001151-00001423 at fees intro to the real world seminar
pGAkkDrxyJc-00003-00001424-00001574 and welcome to anybody who is watching
pGAkkDrxyJc-00004-00001575-00001791 online via live stream
pGAkkDrxyJc-00005-00001792-00002047 the title of today's debate is should we
pGAkkDrxyJc-00006-00002048-00002167 end the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00007-00002168-00002367 and our two speakers will be discussing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00008-00002368-00002542 the resolution
pGAkkDrxyJc-00009-00002543-00002718 it would be beneficial for the united
pGAkkDrxyJc-00010-00002719-00002999 states to end the federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-00011-00003000-00003222 today's moderator is mr isaac morehouse
pGAkkDrxyJc-00012-00003223-00003367 founder and ceo of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00013-00003368-00003638 praxis and i'm going to turn it over to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00014-00003639-00003847 him now to introduce our two speakers as
pGAkkDrxyJc-00015-00003847-00004079 well as the format of today's debate
pGAkkDrxyJc-00016-00004079-00004383 isaac thank you sarah thank you to fee
pGAkkDrxyJc-00017-00004384-00004543 for putting on this great
pGAkkDrxyJc-00018-00004544-00004983 event as sarah mentioned it is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00019-00004984-00005167 resolved it would be beneficial for the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00020-00005168-00005438 united states to end the federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-00021-00005439-00005815 and giving the affirmative
pGAkkDrxyJc-00022-00005816-00006118 case is mr bruce rotman
pGAkkDrxyJc-00023-00006119-00006431 bruce is a he's been a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00024-00006431-00006703 high school teacher for economics
pGAkkDrxyJc-00025-00006704-00006791 history
pGAkkDrxyJc-00026-00006792-00007023 government in several private high
pGAkkDrxyJc-00027-00007023-00007263 schools all across the country
pGAkkDrxyJc-00028-00007264-00007534 he's written articles for the freeman
pGAkkDrxyJc-00029-00007536-00007583 which is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00030-00007584-00007846 published by fee he was a claude lamb
pGAkkDrxyJc-00031-00007847-00007887 fellow
pGAkkDrxyJc-00032-00007888-00008095 the institute for humane studies a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00033-00008095-00008278 salvatory fellow at the heritage
pGAkkDrxyJc-00034-00008279-00008391 foundation
pGAkkDrxyJc-00035-00008392-00008599 and the nasdaq award winner for
pGAkkDrxyJc-00036-00008600-00008735 excellence in teaching
pGAkkDrxyJc-00037-00008736-00009119 economics and giving the negative case
pGAkkDrxyJc-00038-00009120-00009359 is professor sean mulholland he's a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00039-00009360-00009510 professor of economics
pGAkkDrxyJc-00040-00009511-00009759 at stonehill college an affiliated
pGAkkDrxyJc-00041-00009760-00010014 senior scholar at the mercatus center
pGAkkDrxyJc-00042-00010015-00010255 and his research focuses primarily on
pGAkkDrxyJc-00043-00010256-00010414 long-run economic growth
pGAkkDrxyJc-00044-00010415-00010599 he's been published in numerous
pGAkkDrxyJc-00045-00010600-00010823 scholarly journals as well as popular
pGAkkDrxyJc-00046-00010824-00010895 outlets
pGAkkDrxyJc-00047-00010896-00011214 and he's also an alumnus of fee
pGAkkDrxyJc-00048-00011215-00011527 programs so with that i will turn it
pGAkkDrxyJc-00049-00011528-00011791 over first to mr rotman to make his
pGAkkDrxyJc-00050-00011792-00011935 opening statements
pGAkkDrxyJc-00051-00011936-00012238 thank you isaac several years ago
pGAkkDrxyJc-00052-00012239-00012470 i actually got to visit the fed in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00053-00012471-00012631 washington dc
pGAkkDrxyJc-00054-00012632-00012886 once we got through the guys with
pGAkkDrxyJc-00055-00012887-00013086 submachine guns outside
pGAkkDrxyJc-00056-00013087-00013294 a group of teachers were ushered into
pGAkkDrxyJc-00057-00013295-00013566 the fed groups of 10
pGAkkDrxyJc-00058-00013568-00013943 and each with a a person with a gun
pGAkkDrxyJc-00059-00013944-00014135 and we walked into the the board of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00060-00014136-00014286 governors meeting which has this
pGAkkDrxyJc-00061-00014287-00014375 incredibly
pGAkkDrxyJc-00062-00014376-00014830 large oval table and we waited for
pGAkkDrxyJc-00063-00014831-00015071 ben bernanke to enter and and he's not
pGAkkDrxyJc-00064-00015072-00015247 called ben bernanke he's called
pGAkkDrxyJc-00065-00015247-00015575 the chairman we had to put our phones
pGAkkDrxyJc-00066-00015576-00015615 away
pGAkkDrxyJc-00067-00015616-00015855 we couldn't record it we couldn't touch
pGAkkDrxyJc-00068-00015856-00015975 him we couldn't
pGAkkDrxyJc-00069-00015976-00016255 take any photos the fed has this amazing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00070-00016256-00016415 mystique
pGAkkDrxyJc-00071-00016416-00016622 and i'm going to argue that mystique is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00072-00016623-00016894 largely misplaced
pGAkkDrxyJc-00073-00016895-00017150 if i were to ask the students here or
pGAkkDrxyJc-00074-00017151-00017343 almost anybody else in the united states
pGAkkDrxyJc-00075-00017344-00017550 the the biggest economic problems facing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00076-00017551-00017711 the united states
pGAkkDrxyJc-00077-00017712-00017863 i think many of them would say the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00078-00017864-00018079 growth of government in the u.s
pGAkkDrxyJc-00079-00018080-00018343 especially the federal government and or
pGAkkDrxyJc-00080-00018344-00018407 the growth
pGAkkDrxyJc-00081-00018408-00018822 of debt i think the two are related
pGAkkDrxyJc-00082-00018823-00019086 to each other and in fact i think these
pGAkkDrxyJc-00083-00019087-00019303 two also connect to the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00084-00019304-00019679 existence of the federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-00085-00019680-00019894 so i'm going to make two points first
pGAkkDrxyJc-00086-00019895-00020047 i'm going to give a little introduction
pGAkkDrxyJc-00087-00020048-00020079 to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00088-00020080-00020350 the basic problem with central banks and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00089-00020351-00020391 then
pGAkkDrxyJc-00090-00020392-00020622 i'm going to give a little review of how
pGAkkDrxyJc-00091-00020623-00020703 the fed is done
pGAkkDrxyJc-00092-00020704-00021022 in the last 100 years first
pGAkkDrxyJc-00093-00021023-00021294 the problem banks banks have fractional
pGAkkDrxyJc-00094-00021295-00021358 reserves
pGAkkDrxyJc-00095-00021359-00021599 as most of you know so when you give
pGAkkDrxyJc-00096-00021600-00021783 your money to a bank the bank loans it
pGAkkDrxyJc-00097-00021784-00021855 out
pGAkkDrxyJc-00098-00021856-00022055 and if everyone comes and gets their
pGAkkDrxyJc-00099-00022056-00022230 money wants to get their money back
pGAkkDrxyJc-00100-00022231-00022343 they're going to have a hard time the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00101-00022344-00022494 bank is going to have a hard time giving
pGAkkDrxyJc-00102-00022495-00022622 all the money back
pGAkkDrxyJc-00103-00022623-00022855 banks worry about this they worry about
pGAkkDrxyJc-00104-00022856-00023030 liquidity problems they worry about
pGAkkDrxyJc-00105-00023031-00023367 failure and banks are always
pGAkkDrxyJc-00106-00023368-00023694 historically asking for an elastic
pGAkkDrxyJc-00107-00023695-00024086 currency so the fed was set up after the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00108-00024087-00024135 panic
pGAkkDrxyJc-00109-00024136-00024591 of 1907 it was established in 1914
pGAkkDrxyJc-00110-00024592-00024894 with really only one job the lender last
pGAkkDrxyJc-00111-00024895-00025014 resort
pGAkkDrxyJc-00112-00025015-00025358 so the fed is the bank that another bank
pGAkkDrxyJc-00113-00025359-00025646 can go to to solve their liquidity
pGAkkDrxyJc-00114-00025647-00025743 problems if they need
pGAkkDrxyJc-00115-00025744-00026087 cash the fed can loan it to them
pGAkkDrxyJc-00116-00026088-00026399 eventually its job gets bigger it starts
pGAkkDrxyJc-00117-00026400-00026567 doing monetary policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00118-00026568-00026718 and then it gets more and more tools in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00119-00026719-00026990 the last five to ten years
pGAkkDrxyJc-00120-00026991-00027199 so that's basically the short version of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00121-00027200-00027543 what the fed does
pGAkkDrxyJc-00122-00027544-00027902 what's its report card how is it done
pGAkkDrxyJc-00123-00027904-00028143 i don't give too many apps but i would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00124-00028144-00028246 give the fed an
pGAkkDrxyJc-00125-00028247-00028646 f why two reasons number one
pGAkkDrxyJc-00126-00028647-00029062 fed officials are not gods number two
pGAkkDrxyJc-00127-00029063-00029431 that officials are not angels
pGAkkDrxyJc-00128-00029432-00029751 therefore they screw up first the not
pGAkkDrxyJc-00129-00029752-00030055 god's problem
pGAkkDrxyJc-00130-00030056-00030358 central banking assumes that people
pGAkkDrxyJc-00131-00030360-00030670 know what the correct interest rate is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00132-00030672-00030831 bankers are kind of a conservative lot
pGAkkDrxyJc-00133-00030832-00031079 they really are in favor of free markets
pGAkkDrxyJc-00134-00031080-00031311 except when it comes to setting the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00135-00031312-00031383 price
pGAkkDrxyJc-00136-00031383-00031879 of money this pretense of knowledge
pGAkkDrxyJc-00137-00031880-00032158 which hayek talked about the fatal
pGAkkDrxyJc-00138-00032160-00032287 conceit of this
pGAkkDrxyJc-00139-00032288-00032583 is is the ultimate flaw in the concept
pGAkkDrxyJc-00140-00032583-00032799 of central banking
pGAkkDrxyJc-00141-00032800-00033127 second the not angels problem we
pGAkkDrxyJc-00142-00033128-00033343 assume that they're the fed officials
pGAkkDrxyJc-00143-00033344-00033479 central bank officials are
pGAkkDrxyJc-00144-00033480-00033790 not influenced by politics not by
pGAkkDrxyJc-00145-00033791-00033999 personal motives
pGAkkDrxyJc-00146-00034000-00034271 i don't think that's uh realistic uh in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00147-00034272-00034502 a world of public choice economics i had
pGAkkDrxyJc-00148-00034503-00034543 a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00149-00034544-00034718 conversation with the the president of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00150-00034719-00034846 the st
pGAkkDrxyJc-00151-00034847-00035223 louis fed at the fed and i asked him
pGAkkDrxyJc-00152-00035224-00035511 i said wouldn't wouldn't we have had had
pGAkkDrxyJc-00153-00035512-00035662 a better recovery
pGAkkDrxyJc-00154-00035663-00035911 if we had not intervened if if the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00155-00035912-00035967 had just
pGAkkDrxyJc-00156-00035968-00036518 let the the recession in 2007 2008 take
pGAkkDrxyJc-00157-00036519-00036815 taken its course he said yeah it would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00158-00036816-00036959 have been a faster recovery
pGAkkDrxyJc-00159-00036960-00037271 but we just couldn't do that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00160-00037272-00037574 bastiat tells us that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00161-00037575-00037855 when you intervene you have the seen and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00162-00037856-00038046 the unseen
pGAkkDrxyJc-00163-00038047-00038246 the first effects are often seen
pGAkkDrxyJc-00164-00038247-00038423 sometimes they're often good
pGAkkDrxyJc-00165-00038424-00038702 the longer term effects the unseen
pGAkkDrxyJc-00166-00038703-00038815 effects
pGAkkDrxyJc-00167-00038816-00039215 bastiat says unfold in succession
pGAkkDrxyJc-00168-00039216-00039551 and often they have bad consequences
pGAkkDrxyJc-00169-00039552-00039815 so how's the fed done has it reduced
pGAkkDrxyJc-00170-00039816-00039990 bank failures has it reduced
pGAkkDrxyJc-00171-00039991-00040199 inflation has it reduced the amount of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00172-00040200-00040415 recessions in the last hundred years
pGAkkDrxyJc-00173-00040416-00040559 let's start with bank failures number
pGAkkDrxyJc-00174-00040560-00040902 one so the fed starts in 1914 we have
pGAkkDrxyJc-00175-00040903-00041151 the roaring 20s and the 1920s because
pGAkkDrxyJc-00176-00041152-00041374 the money supply in part because the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00177-00041375-00041527 money supply really dramatically
pGAkkDrxyJc-00178-00041528-00041646 increases
pGAkkDrxyJc-00179-00041647-00041871 1930s of course we had the great
pGAkkDrxyJc-00180-00041872-00041983 depression
pGAkkDrxyJc-00181-00041984-00042190 thousands of banks failed they had one
pGAkkDrxyJc-00182-00042191-00042423 job the lender of last resort
pGAkkDrxyJc-00183-00042424-00042662 they dropped the ball what about
pGAkkDrxyJc-00184-00042663-00042887 inflation
pGAkkDrxyJc-00185-00042888-00043111 according to 2012 journal of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00186-00043112-00043295 macroeconomics article
pGAkkDrxyJc-00187-00043296-00043495 the inflation rate in the united states
pGAkkDrxyJc-00188-00043496-00043599 before the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00189-00043600-00043927 fed was per year
pGAkkDrxyJc-00190-00043928-00044495 hear this negative 0.05 percent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00191-00044496-00044871 in the last 50 years with the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00192-00044872-00045187 the average inflation rate in the u.s is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00193-00045188-00045430 4.14
pGAkkDrxyJc-00194-00045431-00045655 and that level of uncertainty of course
pGAkkDrxyJc-00195-00045656-00045846 hurts long-term economic planning as
pGAkkDrxyJc-00196-00045847-00045927 well
pGAkkDrxyJc-00197-00045928-00046207 well what about recessions the same
pGAkkDrxyJc-00198-00046208-00046311 article concludes
pGAkkDrxyJc-00199-00046312-00046615 quote overall volatility in the past 100
pGAkkDrxyJc-00200-00046616-00046790 years has been greater than in the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00201-00046791-00046990 pre-fed period
pGAkkDrxyJc-00202-00046991-00047302 in other words recessions are either
pGAkkDrxyJc-00203-00047303-00047399 more frequent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00204-00047400-00047695 or deeper with the fed than before the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00205-00047696-00047871 fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00206-00047872-00048111 well maybe all this inflation has helped
pGAkkDrxyJc-00207-00048112-00048295 lower the unemployment rate
pGAkkDrxyJc-00208-00048296-00048623 unemployment rate today is no lower
pGAkkDrxyJc-00209-00048624-00048935 than it was before the fed either if you
pGAkkDrxyJc-00210-00048936-00049062 look at the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00211-00049063-00049399 and its actions in in the 08
pGAkkDrxyJc-00212-00049400-00049630 recession the great recession and you
pGAkkDrxyJc-00213-00049631-00049718 look at
pGAkkDrxyJc-00214-00049719-00049943 what their role was in basically
pGAkkDrxyJc-00215-00049944-00050030 creating
pGAkkDrxyJc-00216-00050031-00050351 the housing bubble the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00217-00050352-00050615 indictment is clear after the attacks of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00218-00050616-00050743 911
pGAkkDrxyJc-00219-00050744-00051086 in 2001 the fed lowered interest rates
pGAkkDrxyJc-00220-00051087-00051519 nine times eventually to one percent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00221-00051520-00051870 when they finally started raising rates
pGAkkDrxyJc-00222-00051871-00052046 after the housing prices started
pGAkkDrxyJc-00223-00052047-00052230 exploding
pGAkkDrxyJc-00224-00052232-00052519 it it caused the collapse of housing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00225-00052520-00052654 prices and ultimately
pGAkkDrxyJc-00226-00052655-00052791 the near collapse of the american
pGAkkDrxyJc-00227-00052791-00053071 economy and then they lowered
pGAkkDrxyJc-00228-00053072-00053263 the just the discount rate and the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00229-00053264-00053407 federal funds rate to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00230-00053408-00053654 basically what it is today zero percent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00231-00053655-00053799 in 2008
pGAkkDrxyJc-00232-00053800-00054111 so here it is 2014 and it's still
pGAkkDrxyJc-00233-00054112-00054430 zero percent the monetary base has gone
pGAkkDrxyJc-00234-00054432-00054494 from
pGAkkDrxyJc-00235-00054495-00054838 800 billion in 2006
pGAkkDrxyJc-00236-00054839-00055479 to 3.6 trillion dollars today
pGAkkDrxyJc-00237-00055479-00055823 i present a simple moral case we have
pGAkkDrxyJc-00238-00055824-00056087 we have in the us an institution that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00239-00056088-00056207 allows
pGAkkDrxyJc-00240-00056208-00056519 government to grow to increase
pGAkkDrxyJc-00241-00056520-00056854 its debt and thus to pass off spending
pGAkkDrxyJc-00242-00056855-00057119 from one generation to another
pGAkkDrxyJc-00243-00057120-00057335 it's run by humans who don't know the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00244-00057336-00057566 price of money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00245-00057567-00057887 and we're as fallible as the rest of us
pGAkkDrxyJc-00246-00057888-00058079 should we allow this institution to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00247-00058079-00058271 continue
pGAkkDrxyJc-00248-00058272-00058550 thank you thank you right on time as
pGAkkDrxyJc-00249-00058551-00058615 well
pGAkkDrxyJc-00250-00058616-00058935 uh professor mulholland
pGAkkDrxyJc-00251-00058936-00059111 i'd like to thank fee for uh putting
pGAkkDrxyJc-00252-00059112-00059247 this together and i'd like to thank
pGAkkDrxyJc-00253-00059248-00059366 bruce to entering this this will be a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00254-00059367-00059519 lot of fun today
pGAkkDrxyJc-00255-00059520-00059735 um according to the preamble of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00256-00059736-00059887 original federal reserve act
pGAkkDrxyJc-00257-00059888-00060103 the federal reserve was created to quote
pGAkkDrxyJc-00258-00060104-00060294 furnish an elastic currency
pGAkkDrxyJc-00259-00060295-00060503 to afford means of rediscounting
pGAkkDrxyJc-00260-00060504-00060638 commercial paper
pGAkkDrxyJc-00261-00060639-00060766 to establish a more effective
pGAkkDrxyJc-00262-00060767-00060919 supervision of banking in the united
pGAkkDrxyJc-00263-00060920-00060991 states
pGAkkDrxyJc-00264-00060991-00061399 and for other purposes in 1977 the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00265-00061400-00061566 original act was amended when the united
pGAkkDrxyJc-00266-00061567-00061615 states
pGAkkDrxyJc-00267-00061616-00061871 went off the gold standard some years
pGAkkDrxyJc-00268-00061872-00061991 before
pGAkkDrxyJc-00269-00061991-00062303 and the act was amended
pGAkkDrxyJc-00270-00062304-00062511 so that the fed's duty was to quote
pGAkkDrxyJc-00271-00062512-00062647 promote effectively
pGAkkDrxyJc-00272-00062648-00062903 the goal of maximum employment stable
pGAkkDrxyJc-00273-00062904-00062982 prices
pGAkkDrxyJc-00274-00062983-00063247 and moderate long-term interest rates if
pGAkkDrxyJc-00275-00063248-00063326 you look on the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00276-00063327-00063471 federal reserve's website you'll
pGAkkDrxyJc-00277-00063472-00063630 actually see that they also say that the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00278-00063632-00063815 fed contributes to quote
pGAkkDrxyJc-00279-00063816-00064030 better economic performance by acting to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00280-00064032-00064230 contain financial disruptions
pGAkkDrxyJc-00281-00064232-00064519 and preventing the spread outside of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00282-00064520-00064750 financial sector
pGAkkDrxyJc-00283-00064751-00064982 well given that these are the stated
pGAkkDrxyJc-00284-00064983-00065119 goals and the mission
pGAkkDrxyJc-00285-00065120-00065303 of the federal reserve it seems fair to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00286-00065304-00065454 me that we should evaluate the federal
pGAkkDrxyJc-00287-00065455-00065606 reserve based on
pGAkkDrxyJc-00288-00065607-00065887 three kind of main ideas the way to do
pGAkkDrxyJc-00289-00065888-00066079 this would be to look at a number of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00290-00066080-00066167 items
pGAkkDrxyJc-00291-00066168-00066543 pre-fed before 1913 and post-fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00292-00066544-00066726 now there's debate amongst economists
pGAkkDrxyJc-00293-00066727-00066871 whether we should look at the inner war
pGAkkDrxyJc-00294-00066872-00067006 period between world war one and world
pGAkkDrxyJc-00295-00067007-00067079 war ii
pGAkkDrxyJc-00296-00067080-00067238 so usually what economists do is they'll
pGAkkDrxyJc-00297-00067239-00067503 look at pre-fed pre-1913
pGAkkDrxyJc-00298-00067504-00067799 and post-world war ii say 1950 to now
pGAkkDrxyJc-00299-00067800-00067943 and i think there's three main ways to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00300-00067944-00068094 go about evaluating them
pGAkkDrxyJc-00301-00068095-00068335 the first one is the inflation rate how
pGAkkDrxyJc-00302-00068336-00068567 prices have changed over time
pGAkkDrxyJc-00303-00068568-00068838 the second one is output fluctuations so
pGAkkDrxyJc-00304-00068839-00068926 business cycles
pGAkkDrxyJc-00305-00068927-00069182 booms and busts both in terms of length
pGAkkDrxyJc-00306-00069183-00069311 and the depth
pGAkkDrxyJc-00307-00069312-00069463 and the final one would be financial
pGAkkDrxyJc-00308-00069464-00069726 crises so financial
pGAkkDrxyJc-00309-00069727-00069911 issues and the contagion that might
pGAkkDrxyJc-00310-00069912-00070079 follow
pGAkkDrxyJc-00311-00070080-00070279 if you look at the research you'll see
pGAkkDrxyJc-00312-00070280-00070479 first of all that as bruce correctly
pGAkkDrxyJc-00313-00070480-00070567 pointed out
pGAkkDrxyJc-00314-00070568-00070823 uh the federal reserve has failed at its
pGAkkDrxyJc-00315-00070824-00071006 idea of stable prices
pGAkkDrxyJc-00316-00071007-00071191 in other words the inflation rate is as
pGAkkDrxyJc-00317-00071192-00071391 he pointed out quite quite admirably in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00318-00071392-00071423 his
pGAkkDrxyJc-00319-00071424-00071703 presenting remarks is much higher now
pGAkkDrxyJc-00320-00071704-00071831 that we have the federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-00321-00071832-00072111 than sen then pre-1913 so on that mark
pGAkkDrxyJc-00322-00072112-00072311 i2 would give them an f
pGAkkDrxyJc-00323-00072312-00072559 in terms of booms and bus there's much
pGAkkDrxyJc-00324-00072560-00072791 debate on this but recent work suggests
pGAkkDrxyJc-00325-00072792-00073006 that there's been no substantial change
pGAkkDrxyJc-00326-00073007-00073206 or overall change in the volatility of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00327-00073207-00073319 economic activity
pGAkkDrxyJc-00328-00073320-00073615 if we compare pre-1913 versus post-world
pGAkkDrxyJc-00329-00073616-00073655 war
pGAkkDrxyJc-00330-00073656-00073926 ii economic activity so on that one i'll
pGAkkDrxyJc-00331-00073927-00074015 call it a push
pGAkkDrxyJc-00332-00074016-00074159 we don't really know it doesn't really
pGAkkDrxyJc-00333-00074160-00074311 seem as though the federal reserve has
pGAkkDrxyJc-00334-00074312-00074382 done
pGAkkDrxyJc-00335-00074383-00074567 anything in terms of changing economic
pGAkkDrxyJc-00336-00074568-00074703 fluctuations
pGAkkDrxyJc-00337-00074704-00074982 and the third one is financial crises
pGAkkDrxyJc-00338-00074983-00075087 and it looks like
pGAkkDrxyJc-00339-00075088-00075255 there is no way that we can credit the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00340-00075256-00075462 fed with actually reducing the frequency
pGAkkDrxyJc-00341-00075463-00075606 of banking panics
pGAkkDrxyJc-00342-00075607-00075838 or having you know actually used its
pGAkkDrxyJc-00343-00075839-00076023 lender of last resort in order to stop
pGAkkDrxyJc-00344-00076024-00076111 contagion
pGAkkDrxyJc-00345-00076112-00076415 any much more so than before the fed and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00346-00076416-00076567 on top of this record and i think this
pGAkkDrxyJc-00347-00076568-00076647 is where most of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00348-00076648-00076815 uh uh people who are concerned about
pGAkkDrxyJc-00349-00076816-00076967 this is the fact that the federal
pGAkkDrxyJc-00350-00076968-00077167 reserve is not very transparent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00351-00077168-00077511 and it seems to uh tend to bail out
pGAkkDrxyJc-00352-00077512-00077726 poorly managed financial institutions
pGAkkDrxyJc-00353-00077727-00077943 instead of letting them fail on their
pGAkkDrxyJc-00354-00077944-00078038 own
pGAkkDrxyJc-00355-00078039-00078294 and so this has led to a number of uh of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00356-00078295-00078367 interesting
pGAkkDrxyJc-00357-00078368-00078606 responses to polls across the united
pGAkkDrxyJc-00358-00078607-00078679 states
pGAkkDrxyJc-00359-00078680-00078991 if you look at people who say hey
pGAkkDrxyJc-00360-00078992-00079159 should we audit the fed it turns out
pGAkkDrxyJc-00361-00079160-00079359 that about 90 percent of the population
pGAkkDrxyJc-00362-00079360-00079582 says yes we need to audit the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00363-00079583-00079743 only about 30 percent of the people
pGAkkDrxyJc-00364-00079744-00079991 united states favor have a favorable
pGAkkDrxyJc-00365-00079992-00080126 view of the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00366-00080127-00080326 and all these reasons have called for
pGAkkDrxyJc-00367-00080327-00080599 the end of the fed or to audit the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00368-00080600-00080815 but the question is would ending the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00369-00080816-00081055 address these concerns
pGAkkDrxyJc-00370-00081056-00081399 in short my answer is no you see
pGAkkDrxyJc-00371-00081400-00081550 for much of the federal reserve's
pGAkkDrxyJc-00372-00081551-00081855 history it's it's existed in a keynesian
pGAkkDrxyJc-00373-00081856-00081982 world
pGAkkDrxyJc-00374-00081983-00082199 it's existed in a world where it's
pGAkkDrxyJc-00375-00082200-00082326 acceptable
pGAkkDrxyJc-00376-00082327-00082511 for the government to balance the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00377-00082512-00082631 economy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00378-00082632-00082838 and not to allow the economic
pGAkkDrxyJc-00379-00082839-00083006 fluctuations that would naturally take
pGAkkDrxyJc-00380-00083007-00083150 place
pGAkkDrxyJc-00381-00083151-00083479 we live in a world where most economists
pGAkkDrxyJc-00382-00083480-00083567 and almost
pGAkkDrxyJc-00383-00083568-00083871 all congressional representatives are in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00384-00083872-00083959 favor
pGAkkDrxyJc-00385-00083960-00084318 of using government resources to balance
pGAkkDrxyJc-00386-00084319-00084647 the economy and so what we need to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00387-00084648-00084903 take a step back and think about is what
pGAkkDrxyJc-00388-00084904-00085103 would happen if we removed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00389-00085104-00085438 monetary policy as a potential tool
pGAkkDrxyJc-00390-00085439-00085767 in balancing the economy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00391-00085768-00085918 currently when we have an economic
pGAkkDrxyJc-00392-00085919-00086079 downturn there are basically
pGAkkDrxyJc-00393-00086080-00086271 three things at which you could possibly
pGAkkDrxyJc-00394-00086272-00086582 do the first one is monetary policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00395-00086583-00086903 you could expand the money supply the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00396-00086904-00087071 idea here is that if we
pGAkkDrxyJc-00397-00087072-00087287 ended up giving everyone some money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00398-00087288-00087415 they're much more likely to go out and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00399-00087416-00087479 spend it
pGAkkDrxyJc-00400-00087480-00087671 and if spending is the problem this will
pGAkkDrxyJc-00401-00087672-00087815 solve the economic downturn
pGAkkDrxyJc-00402-00087816-00088071 and get us out more quickly the second
pGAkkDrxyJc-00403-00088072-00088262 one is to have stimulus spending
pGAkkDrxyJc-00404-00088263-00088503 and this would be congress passing a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00405-00088504-00088599 bill
pGAkkDrxyJc-00406-00088600-00088750 that would enable them to spend an
pGAkkDrxyJc-00407-00088751-00088903 additional amount of money they would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00408-00088904-00089071 borrow they could borrow on various
pGAkkDrxyJc-00409-00089072-00089118 different
pGAkkDrxyJc-00410-00089119-00089294 areas they could borrow from the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00411-00089295-00089438 they could borrow from you and i
pGAkkDrxyJc-00412-00089439-00089550 they could borrow from foreign
pGAkkDrxyJc-00413-00089551-00089679 governments they could borrow from
pGAkkDrxyJc-00414-00089680-00089862 foreign individuals and this stimulus
pGAkkDrxyJc-00415-00089863-00090006 spending would enable the congress
pGAkkDrxyJc-00416-00090007-00090199 to go out and give it to congressional
pGAkkDrxyJc-00417-00090200-00090382 districts people in their congressional
pGAkkDrxyJc-00418-00090383-00090535 districts to build roads to build
pGAkkDrxyJc-00419-00090536-00090606 bridges
pGAkkDrxyJc-00420-00090607-00090815 again to get economic activity
pGAkkDrxyJc-00421-00090816-00090911 increasing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00422-00090912-00091103 and finally we could do no action so
pGAkkDrxyJc-00423-00091104-00091318 those are the three that we could do
pGAkkDrxyJc-00424-00091319-00091567 well if we were to end the fed we would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00425-00091568-00091687 effectively eliminate
pGAkkDrxyJc-00426-00091688-00091943 one of the tools right and what this
pGAkkDrxyJc-00427-00091944-00092006 would do
pGAkkDrxyJc-00428-00092007-00092294 is it would give congress a license to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00429-00092295-00092375 go out and be
pGAkkDrxyJc-00430-00092376-00092606 much more active and we would see a much
pGAkkDrxyJc-00431-00092607-00092775 more active congress in terms of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00432-00092776-00092974 actively seeking to spend more money in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00433-00092975-00093150 an academic downturn
pGAkkDrxyJc-00434-00093151-00093399 now this is what i find very interesting
pGAkkDrxyJc-00435-00093400-00093567 about and concerning about potentially
pGAkkDrxyJc-00436-00093568-00093726 ending the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00437-00093727-00094031 see if we allowed congress to license
pGAkkDrxyJc-00438-00094032-00094350 to go out and spend more money they
pGAkkDrxyJc-00439-00094351-00094623 already have the desire to do so
pGAkkDrxyJc-00440-00094624-00094838 and so by giving them this license the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00441-00094839-00095023 congress would then be able to say
pGAkkDrxyJc-00442-00095024-00095462 during an economic downturn yes we care
pGAkkDrxyJc-00443-00095463-00095774 we do something and we would have the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00444-00095775-00095943 likelihood that we'd be sending funding
pGAkkDrxyJc-00445-00095944-00096094 to people that support us in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00446-00096095-00096238 our current election and maybe our
pGAkkDrxyJc-00447-00096239-00096447 future elections in other words
pGAkkDrxyJc-00448-00096448-00096671 the opportunity for graft would actually
pGAkkDrxyJc-00449-00096672-00096862 be larger than it is today
pGAkkDrxyJc-00450-00096863-00097079 now it is true that the federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-00451-00097080-00097294 actions monetary policy just as fiscal
pGAkkDrxyJc-00452-00097295-00097350 policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00453-00097351-00097550 will create malinvestment and over
pGAkkDrxyJc-00454-00097551-00097655 consumption
pGAkkDrxyJc-00455-00097656-00097887 but when congress steps in there's more
pGAkkDrxyJc-00456-00097888-00098071 opportunity for graft
pGAkkDrxyJc-00457-00098072-00098350 so while the fed leaves much to be
pGAkkDrxyJc-00458-00098351-00098438 desired
pGAkkDrxyJc-00459-00098439-00098655 simply eliminating the fed would likely
pGAkkDrxyJc-00460-00098656-00098918 produce more booms and busts and more
pGAkkDrxyJc-00461-00098919-00099143 graft and probably no change to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00462-00099144-00099303 financial crises
pGAkkDrxyJc-00463-00099304-00099574 we must first change citizens views and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00464-00099575-00099735 understanding of the costs
pGAkkDrxyJc-00465-00099736-00099999 of government intervention then and only
pGAkkDrxyJc-00466-00100000-00100094 then we'll see
pGAkkDrxyJc-00467-00100095-00100335 less desire to use government action
pGAkkDrxyJc-00468-00100336-00100526 that distorts the knowledge and welfare
pGAkkDrxyJc-00469-00100527-00100711 produced by the market process
pGAkkDrxyJc-00470-00100712-00101006 thanks thank you professor mulholland
pGAkkDrxyJc-00471-00101007-00101079 now you each
pGAkkDrxyJc-00472-00101080-00101343 have four minutes uh for a rebuttal
pGAkkDrxyJc-00473-00101344-00101431 beginning with
pGAkkDrxyJc-00474-00101432-00101687 mr rottman i love the idea of changing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00475-00101688-00101879 citizens views i think we both agree on
pGAkkDrxyJc-00476-00101880-00101926 that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00477-00101927-00102182 and uh to the degree that we can do that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00478-00102183-00102238 and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00479-00102239-00102478 b of course is involved in that that's
pGAkkDrxyJc-00480-00102479-00102727 amazing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00481-00102728-00102990 so you presented three options so
pGAkkDrxyJc-00482-00102991-00103206 monetary policy fiscal and policy and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00483-00103207-00103390 basically nothing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00484-00103391-00103934 and uh that we live in a keynesian world
pGAkkDrxyJc-00485-00103935-00104166 there i don't think we ought to bury the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00486-00104167-00104278 third option
pGAkkDrxyJc-00487-00104279-00104566 uh and to declare it kind of null and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00488-00104567-00104727 void or dead
pGAkkDrxyJc-00489-00104728-00104927 if you look and i agree this is before
pGAkkDrxyJc-00490-00104928-00105175 keynes but if you look at the recession
pGAkkDrxyJc-00491-00105176-00105351 after world war one in the united states
pGAkkDrxyJc-00492-00105352-00105599 which was short and it was
pGAkkDrxyJc-00493-00105600-00105943 it was sharp but it nine months
pGAkkDrxyJc-00494-00105944-00106231 maybe 12 months after it was done it was
pGAkkDrxyJc-00495-00106232-00106310 over
pGAkkDrxyJc-00496-00106311-00106671 okay now the fed ultimately engendered
pGAkkDrxyJc-00497-00106672-00106815 that recession
pGAkkDrxyJc-00498-00106816-00106966 and you have to i think place the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00499-00106967-00107151 responsibility in the fed for causing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00500-00107152-00107278 that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00501-00107279-00107599 um to so to say that if you give up
pGAkkDrxyJc-00502-00107600-00107902 monetary policy fiscal policy then will
pGAkkDrxyJc-00503-00107903-00107934 be
pGAkkDrxyJc-00504-00107935-00108199 more of a problem it's kind of like i
pGAkkDrxyJc-00505-00108200-00108447 don't know if i were to say
pGAkkDrxyJc-00506-00108448-00108710 we shouldn't eat cats okay because
pGAkkDrxyJc-00507-00108711-00108790 they're uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-00508-00108791-00109039 they're cuddly they purr they're cute
pGAkkDrxyJc-00509-00109040-00109199 and besides they taste
pGAkkDrxyJc-00510-00109200-00109510 horrible um and the response might be
pGAkkDrxyJc-00511-00109511-00109623 well i don't know if
pGAkkDrxyJc-00512-00109624-00109823 if we ban people from eating cats maybe
pGAkkDrxyJc-00513-00109824-00110023 they'll eat dogs
pGAkkDrxyJc-00514-00110024-00110351 well i i don't think eating either is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00515-00110352-00110519 really a good idea so
pGAkkDrxyJc-00516-00110520-00110831 i would suggest that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00517-00110832-00111023 instead of worrying so much about the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00518-00111024-00111223 the problems of fiscal policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00519-00111224-00111415 maybe we ought to think of ways in which
pGAkkDrxyJc-00520-00111416-00111631 to constrain fiscal policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00521-00111632-00111766 in the same sense that we would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00522-00111767-00111934 constrain the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00523-00111935-00112127 government in terms of its monetary
pGAkkDrxyJc-00524-00112128-00112390 mischief
pGAkkDrxyJc-00525-00112391-00112807 ben bernanke has stated pretty clearly
pGAkkDrxyJc-00526-00112808-00113143 what the fed can do
pGAkkDrxyJc-00527-00113144-00113495 this is 12 years ago where he said the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00528-00113496-00113702 u.s government has a technology called
pGAkkDrxyJc-00529-00113703-00113831 the printing press
pGAkkDrxyJc-00530-00113832-00114031 that allows it to produce as many us
pGAkkDrxyJc-00531-00114032-00114215 dollars as it wishes
pGAkkDrxyJc-00532-00114216-00114527 at essentially no cost
pGAkkDrxyJc-00533-00114528-00114719 by increasing the number of dollars in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00534-00114720-00114902 circulation or even credibly
pGAkkDrxyJc-00535-00114903-00115175 threatening to do so the government can
pGAkkDrxyJc-00536-00115176-00115383 reduce the value of a dollar in terms of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00537-00115383-00115510 goods and services
pGAkkDrxyJc-00538-00115511-00115807 which is equivalent to raising prices in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00539-00115808-00115999 dollars of those goods and services
pGAkkDrxyJc-00540-00116000-00116207 we conclude that under a paper money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00541-00116208-00116431 system a determined government can
pGAkkDrxyJc-00542-00116432-00116615 always generate higher spending and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00543-00116616-00116799 hence positive inflation
pGAkkDrxyJc-00544-00116800-00117143 because it's just a real scary power
pGAkkDrxyJc-00545-00117144-00117551 that we give humans
pGAkkDrxyJc-00546-00117552-00117839 in the federal reserve this power and i
pGAkkDrxyJc-00547-00117840-00118078 would also add that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00548-00118079-00118439 don't forget the degree to which
pGAkkDrxyJc-00549-00118440-00118766 a fiat system with a central bank
pGAkkDrxyJc-00550-00118767-00119102 allows and and makes
pGAkkDrxyJc-00551-00119103-00119439 deficit spending easier
pGAkkDrxyJc-00552-00119440-00119719 the amount of debt in the united states
pGAkkDrxyJc-00553-00119720-00119951 we've always had government debt
pGAkkDrxyJc-00554-00119952-00120254 but it's increased
pGAkkDrxyJc-00555-00120255-00120510 to almost catastrophic levels first of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00556-00120511-00120599 all during world war
pGAkkDrxyJc-00557-00120600-00120927 ii and of course then today have
pGAkkDrxyJc-00558-00120928-00121190 only been in a system of fiat money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00559-00121191-00121351 paper money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00560-00121352-00121758 under a federal reserve and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00561-00121759-00122014 i think it's governments have shown us
pGAkkDrxyJc-00562-00122015-00122190 throughout history
pGAkkDrxyJc-00563-00122191-00122575 that they if it's a democracy they want
pGAkkDrxyJc-00564-00122576-00122678 to get reelected
pGAkkDrxyJc-00565-00122679-00122839 if they're in power they want to stay in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00566-00122840-00122990 power
pGAkkDrxyJc-00567-00122991-00123286 they love to go to war uh and they don't
pGAkkDrxyJc-00568-00123288-00123478 want to pay for the war
pGAkkDrxyJc-00569-00123479-00123839 and so there's an impetus to inflate
pGAkkDrxyJc-00570-00123840-00123983 and i think it's time to remove that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00571-00123983-00124231 impetus
pGAkkDrxyJc-00572-00124232-00124519 thank you professor mulholland uh i i
pGAkkDrxyJc-00573-00124520-00124558 share
pGAkkDrxyJc-00574-00124559-00124886 your concern about congress and trying
pGAkkDrxyJc-00575-00124888-00124927 to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00576-00124928-00125214 find ways to at least make them as
pGAkkDrxyJc-00577-00125215-00125327 representatives have to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00578-00125328-00125614 uh go and express that the current
pGAkkDrxyJc-00579-00125615-00125823 constituents will have to pay for
pGAkkDrxyJc-00580-00125824-00126119 spending increases but i still kind of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00581-00126120-00126207 am concerned
pGAkkDrxyJc-00582-00126208-00126439 that i mean we we've had the fed over
pGAkkDrxyJc-00583-00126440-00126510 the last
pGAkkDrxyJc-00584-00126511-00126734 you know actively you know doing this
pGAkkDrxyJc-00585-00126735-00126919 over the last hundred years
pGAkkDrxyJc-00586-00126920-00127166 and the most recent two down recessions
pGAkkDrxyJc-00587-00127167-00127343 economic downturns
pGAkkDrxyJc-00588-00127344-00127614 while we had fed clearly engaged in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00589-00127615-00127758 monetary stimulus
pGAkkDrxyJc-00590-00127759-00127975 it didn't stop congress from actively
pGAkkDrxyJc-00591-00127976-00128183 going out and doing fiscal stimulus
pGAkkDrxyJc-00592-00128183-00128383 and so even when we have a fed we're
pGAkkDrxyJc-00593-00128383-00128566 going to have congress out there
pGAkkDrxyJc-00594-00128567-00128783 attempting to stimulate the economy and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00595-00128783-00128927 so if we removed it it seems to me it
pGAkkDrxyJc-00596-00128928-00129078 would just make it even a larger
pGAkkDrxyJc-00597-00129079-00129414 demand or a larger request for
pGAkkDrxyJc-00598-00129415-00129743 for fiscal stimulus
pGAkkDrxyJc-00599-00129744-00130102 and it's it's in the backdrop of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00600-00130103-00130399 the desire to send resources to people
pGAkkDrxyJc-00601-00130400-00130519 with whom we're going to help them get
pGAkkDrxyJc-00602-00130520-00130599 reelected
pGAkkDrxyJc-00603-00130600-00130847 for projects that they care about i mean
pGAkkDrxyJc-00604-00130848-00130999 we only you know we had the cylinders of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00605-00131000-00131087 the world we'd have
pGAkkDrxyJc-00606-00131088-00131295 hundreds of them and so we would end up
pGAkkDrxyJc-00607-00131296-00131478 with a place where we would stimulate
pGAkkDrxyJc-00608-00131479-00131583 and stimulate
pGAkkDrxyJc-00609-00131584-00131783 and it would all be congressional based
pGAkkDrxyJc-00610-00131784-00132023 which would be you know room for graft
pGAkkDrxyJc-00611-00132024-00132254 um i too share your your concern about
pGAkkDrxyJc-00612-00132255-00132359 inflation
pGAkkDrxyJc-00613-00132360-00132678 and um but i actually see um light
pGAkkDrxyJc-00614-00132679-00132999 coming in from from non-congressional
pGAkkDrxyJc-00615-00133000-00133111 activity
pGAkkDrxyJc-00616-00133112-00133407 i see a lot of hope in cryptocurrency uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-00617-00133408-00133647 bitcoin litecoin peercoin
pGAkkDrxyJc-00618-00133648-00133863 it seems to me when you have
pGAkkDrxyJc-00619-00133864-00133990 alternatives
pGAkkDrxyJc-00620-00133991-00134247 uh to shield yourself from the inflation
pGAkkDrxyJc-00621-00134248-00134407 or potential inflation it actually
pGAkkDrxyJc-00622-00134408-00134607 reduces the power of the fed and so i'm
pGAkkDrxyJc-00623-00134608-00134854 actually quite hopeful that we'll see a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00624-00134855-00134935 number
pGAkkDrxyJc-00625-00134936-00135231 of these uh cryptocurrencies and other
pGAkkDrxyJc-00626-00135232-00135390 ways in which we can compensate each
pGAkkDrxyJc-00627-00135391-00135471 other for
pGAkkDrxyJc-00628-00135472-00135631 for our labor and pay for goods and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00629-00135632-00135847 services that will actually reduce the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00630-00135848-00136190 the ability of the fed to have a have a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00631-00136191-00136359 negative effect on us in terms of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00632-00136360-00136687 greater inflation
pGAkkDrxyJc-00633-00136688-00136999 all right with that we will open it up
pGAkkDrxyJc-00634-00137000-00137302 to questions from the audience
pGAkkDrxyJc-00635-00137303-00137614 go right ahead hi assuming that we
pGAkkDrxyJc-00636-00137615-00137959 did end the federal reserve what sort of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00637-00137960-00138199 currency system could we immediately
pGAkkDrxyJc-00638-00138200-00138271 move to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00639-00138272-00138511 to replace the job that the federal
pGAkkDrxyJc-00640-00138512-00138631 reserve is doing of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00641-00138632-00139175 monetary policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00642-00139176-00139414 i can start with that that's it's a good
pGAkkDrxyJc-00643-00139415-00139478 question
pGAkkDrxyJc-00644-00139479-00139623 and you know it's kind of hard to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00645-00139624-00139783 imagine what a world
pGAkkDrxyJc-00646-00139784-00140119 would be like in other areas
pGAkkDrxyJc-00647-00140120-00140407 when we're not accustomed to those areas
pGAkkDrxyJc-00648-00140408-00140519 what would a world of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00649-00140520-00140790 of free market and education look like
pGAkkDrxyJc-00650-00140791-00140959 with vouchers
pGAkkDrxyJc-00651-00140960-00141254 what would a truly free market in health
pGAkkDrxyJc-00652-00141255-00141383 care look like we don't
pGAkkDrxyJc-00653-00141384-00141719 exactly know what would a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00654-00141720-00141975 truly free market and money look like
pGAkkDrxyJc-00655-00141976-00142111 and i'm sure it would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00656-00142112-00142431 involve alternative currencies and and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00657-00142432-00142766 free banking and and i think uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-00658-00142767-00142975 shawn and i are both very much in favor
pGAkkDrxyJc-00659-00142976-00143175 of that so it's a little bit hard to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00660-00143176-00143311 imagine
pGAkkDrxyJc-00661-00143312-00143566 a system without a fed because it's been
pGAkkDrxyJc-00662-00143567-00143751 around for 100 years
pGAkkDrxyJc-00663-00143752-00144126 but we've had experience without a fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00664-00144127-00144487 in the united states banks can ask
pGAkkDrxyJc-00665-00144488-00144671 other banks for money or they can ask
pGAkkDrxyJc-00666-00144672-00144823 other institutions for money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00667-00144824-00145207 if they need money the temptation to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00668-00145208-00145695 to bail out companies and bailout banks
pGAkkDrxyJc-00669-00145696-00145999 in the political system is just too big
pGAkkDrxyJc-00670-00146000-00146278 i think to give to a taxpayer-supported
pGAkkDrxyJc-00671-00146279-00146535 organization
pGAkkDrxyJc-00672-00146536-00146807 um i would just like to add the uh i
pGAkkDrxyJc-00673-00146808-00146975 mean one proposal would just say
pGAkkDrxyJc-00674-00146976-00147223 look we kind of have this expectation
pGAkkDrxyJc-00675-00147224-00147319 that that the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00676-00147320-00147471 monetary the money supply is going to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00677-00147472-00147631 increase a certain rate we'll just set
pGAkkDrxyJc-00678-00147632-00147719 it on that rate
pGAkkDrxyJc-00679-00147720-00147943 and tell everybody else to go home uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-00680-00147944-00148078 right we would know what the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00681-00148079-00148247 the future expectation is based on
pGAkkDrxyJc-00682-00148248-00148431 increasing the money supply
pGAkkDrxyJc-00683-00148432-00148751 uh and we could still use dollars uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-00684-00148752-00148975 and over time what we would enable and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00685-00148976-00149071 encourage
pGAkkDrxyJc-00686-00149072-00149390 um banks to issue their own uh money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00687-00149391-00149639 uh backed by their reserves and so you
pGAkkDrxyJc-00688-00149640-00149807 would see a slow transition
pGAkkDrxyJc-00689-00149808-00149990 maybe bitcoin maybe litecoin maybe some
pGAkkDrxyJc-00690-00149991-00150175 coin we can't even think about today
pGAkkDrxyJc-00691-00150176-00150302 would be one that would you know one or
pGAkkDrxyJc-00692-00150303-00150487 two that would become the ones that we
pGAkkDrxyJc-00693-00150488-00150599 would use on a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00694-00150600-00150854 more frequent basis but um it doesn't
pGAkkDrxyJc-00695-00150855-00150999 necessarily mean that we'd have to just
pGAkkDrxyJc-00696-00151000-00151159 instantly drop tomorrow
pGAkkDrxyJc-00697-00151160-00151463 i'm pretty sure that the that uh that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00698-00151464-00151590 you would want to pay your taxes the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00699-00151591-00151687 federal government want you to pay your
pGAkkDrxyJc-00700-00151688-00151814 taxes in dollars right
pGAkkDrxyJc-00701-00151815-00151999 and so i think i think that that would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00702-00152000-00152175 be a slower transition than kind of an
pGAkkDrxyJc-00703-00152176-00152223 instant
pGAkkDrxyJc-00704-00152224-00152614 shock next question
pGAkkDrxyJc-00705-00152615-00152902 this would be more directed toward the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00706-00152903-00153078 affirmative
pGAkkDrxyJc-00707-00153079-00153431 would you consider a central bank
pGAkkDrxyJc-00708-00153432-00153735 engaging in either the monetary policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00709-00153736-00153911 advocated by milton friedman
pGAkkDrxyJc-00710-00153912-00154207 whereby there would be a money supply
pGAkkDrxyJc-00711-00154208-00154375 that is inflated yearly
pGAkkDrxyJc-00712-00154376-00154647 at a typically constant pace or one
pGAkkDrxyJc-00713-00154648-00154751 constrained
pGAkkDrxyJc-00714-00154752-00155095 by a commodity typically gold
pGAkkDrxyJc-00715-00155096-00155399 sure uh you know back in the day when
pGAkkDrxyJc-00716-00155400-00155639 friedman suggested this
pGAkkDrxyJc-00717-00155640-00155919 increasing money supply at an x percent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00718-00155920-00156095 per year three or four or five percent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00719-00156096-00156199 whatever
pGAkkDrxyJc-00720-00156200-00156471 the percentage is money was a lot more
pGAkkDrxyJc-00721-00156472-00156535 simple
pGAkkDrxyJc-00722-00156536-00156847 we actually knew what money is i'm not
pGAkkDrxyJc-00723-00156848-00157007 really sure what money is there's
pGAkkDrxyJc-00724-00157008-00157271 all sorts of gradations and what money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00725-00157272-00157335 is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00726-00157336-00157614 how to count money and and if you look
pGAkkDrxyJc-00727-00157615-00157743 at one measure of money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00728-00157744-00157878 you look at the monetary base it's
pGAkkDrxyJc-00729-00157879-00158078 exploding if you look at m2
pGAkkDrxyJc-00730-00158079-00158447 it's it's much more tame
pGAkkDrxyJc-00731-00158448-00158647 we really don't know and velocity and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00732-00158648-00158902 how how how quickly money moves
pGAkkDrxyJc-00733-00158903-00159302 so i um i guess theoretically in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00734-00159303-00159511 in a simpler world i would support
pGAkkDrxyJc-00735-00159512-00159711 friedman's idea
pGAkkDrxyJc-00736-00159712-00160078 if that would work i'm i'm also
pGAkkDrxyJc-00737-00160079-00160254 theoretically i think in favor of a gold
pGAkkDrxyJc-00738-00160255-00160343 standard
pGAkkDrxyJc-00739-00160344-00160631 as well now but it's not a panacea
pGAkkDrxyJc-00740-00160632-00160854 because
pGAkkDrxyJc-00741-00160855-00161023 you can always governments can always
pGAkkDrxyJc-00742-00161024-00161183 jump off the gold standard they did in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00743-00161184-00161359 world war one they did in the civil war
pGAkkDrxyJc-00744-00161360-00161439 they did
pGAkkDrxyJc-00745-00161440-00161663 in the war of 1812 the us government got
pGAkkDrxyJc-00746-00161664-00161799 off the gold standard
pGAkkDrxyJc-00747-00161800-00162183 um and so it's it's the chains of a gold
pGAkkDrxyJc-00748-00162184-00162231 standard
pGAkkDrxyJc-00749-00162232-00162623 in constraining government officials
pGAkkDrxyJc-00750-00162624-00162839 don't work if you have the key to unlock
pGAkkDrxyJc-00751-00162840-00162926 the chains
pGAkkDrxyJc-00752-00162927-00163239 and so but i i still
pGAkkDrxyJc-00753-00163240-00163487 in an imperfect world i think it's a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00754-00163488-00163614 good idea
pGAkkDrxyJc-00755-00163615-00164126 and i'd i'd move toward it
pGAkkDrxyJc-00756-00164127-00164263 this question is also directed towards
pGAkkDrxyJc-00757-00164264-00164495 the affirmative assuming the fed was
pGAkkDrxyJc-00758-00164496-00164678 disbanded and we moved away from
pGAkkDrxyJc-00759-00164679-00164847 that administration when other
pGAkkDrxyJc-00760-00164848-00165007 currencies moved in would the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00761-00165008-00165223 administration that run those
pGAkkDrxyJc-00762-00165224-00165431 public or private would that not also
pGAkkDrxyJc-00763-00165432-00165559 open up more opportunities for
pGAkkDrxyJc-00764-00165560-00165895 corruption and manipulation of currency
pGAkkDrxyJc-00765-00165896-00166166 i don't think so i mean no more than
pGAkkDrxyJc-00766-00166167-00166263 allowing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00767-00166264-00166583 dozens of different grocery stores to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00768-00166584-00166671 operate
pGAkkDrxyJc-00769-00166672-00167007 uh brings about corruption usually when
pGAkkDrxyJc-00770-00167008-00167214 you have innovation in a particular
pGAkkDrxyJc-00771-00167215-00167478 society you'll have hundreds or
pGAkkDrxyJc-00772-00167479-00167647 thousands of companies
pGAkkDrxyJc-00773-00167648-00167807 early in the auto industry i think in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00774-00167808-00168014 the us there were
pGAkkDrxyJc-00775-00168015-00168271 hundreds even thousands of auto uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-00776-00168272-00168447 makers and then of course it whittles
pGAkkDrxyJc-00777-00168448-00168535 down to just
pGAkkDrxyJc-00778-00168536-00168743 several i think it's probably what would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00779-00168744-00168959 happen in a free market for money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00780-00168960-00169247 you'd have two or three or four big ones
pGAkkDrxyJc-00781-00169248-00169278 uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-00782-00169279-00169519 the transaction cost of figuring out
pGAkkDrxyJc-00783-00169520-00169623 what
pGAkkDrxyJc-00784-00169624-00169831 this money is how does it correlate to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00785-00169832-00169926 that money
pGAkkDrxyJc-00786-00169927-00170126 relatively low in a in a high-tech
pGAkkDrxyJc-00787-00170127-00170423 society i'm not too worried about that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00788-00170424-00170575 let me let me just kind of add to that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00789-00170576-00170814 um the actually i think having a large
pGAkkDrxyJc-00790-00170815-00171007 number of competing currencies actually
pGAkkDrxyJc-00791-00171008-00171335 lent itself really well to um reducing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00792-00171336-00171502 uh corruption right because the minute
pGAkkDrxyJc-00793-00171503-00171671 we find that somebody's doing something
pGAkkDrxyJc-00794-00171672-00171935 nefarious that currency's gone
pGAkkDrxyJc-00795-00171936-00172254 right and so you don't want to put your
pGAkkDrxyJc-00796-00172255-00172519 currency at risk by doing something
pGAkkDrxyJc-00797-00172520-00172726 uh in that nature uh if you're
pGAkkDrxyJc-00798-00172727-00172887 interested in kind of free banking
pGAkkDrxyJc-00799-00172888-00173111 and and cryptocurrencies and such larry
pGAkkDrxyJc-00800-00173112-00173254 white at george mason does some really
pGAkkDrxyJc-00801-00173255-00173383 good work on that so
pGAkkDrxyJc-00802-00173384-00173551 i think that's someone whose writings i
pGAkkDrxyJc-00803-00173552-00173766 would recommend as we think more about
pGAkkDrxyJc-00804-00173767-00174183 the topic of currencies and such
pGAkkDrxyJc-00805-00174184-00174375 politically as i understand it the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00806-00174376-00174526 is not part of the federal government
pGAkkDrxyJc-00807-00174527-00174719 unlike the treasury since it's plausible
pGAkkDrxyJc-00808-00174720-00174887 that the fed's responsibilities
pGAkkDrxyJc-00809-00174888-00175038 could be passed to the treasury would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00810-00175039-00175199 that not make it easier for the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00811-00175200-00175278 government to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00812-00175279-00175487 print and spend extravagantly if my
pGAkkDrxyJc-00813-00175488-00175951 premise is flawed please elaborate
pGAkkDrxyJc-00814-00175952-00176254 want me to start with that one
pGAkkDrxyJc-00815-00176255-00176463 you know the fed really fed is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00816-00176464-00176599 officially not part
pGAkkDrxyJc-00817-00176600-00176959 of really a government institution
pGAkkDrxyJc-00818-00176960-00177302 unofficially and practically it is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00819-00177303-00177535 and practically it's basically a fourth
pGAkkDrxyJc-00820-00177536-00177687 branch of the government
pGAkkDrxyJc-00821-00177688-00178054 so um the fed has an interesting
pGAkkDrxyJc-00822-00178055-00178207 relationship with the treasury
pGAkkDrxyJc-00823-00178208-00178454 and you know it can it can it can buy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00824-00178455-00178695 debt willy-nilly there was a period
pGAkkDrxyJc-00825-00178696-00179078 i think in 2011 where the government
pGAkkDrxyJc-00826-00179079-00179326 incurred little under 600 billion
pGAkkDrxyJc-00827-00179327-00179438 dollars of debt
pGAkkDrxyJc-00828-00179439-00179719 the fed bought over 500 billion dollars
pGAkkDrxyJc-00829-00179720-00179838 of that debt
pGAkkDrxyJc-00830-00179839-00180014 that's a that's a good deal for the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00831-00180015-00180207 government and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00832-00180208-00180383 it's a money-making institution for the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00833-00180384-00180535 government so i
pGAkkDrxyJc-00834-00180536-00180790 i wouldn't take the responsibilities of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00835-00180791-00180887 the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00836-00180888-00181190 and give them to the treasury um
pGAkkDrxyJc-00837-00181191-00181543 i'm not sure if the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00838-00181544-00181711 that would work at all i wouldn't trust
pGAkkDrxyJc-00839-00181712-00181895 the treasury anymore then i would
pGAkkDrxyJc-00840-00181896-00182295 trust the people at the helm of the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00841-00182296-00182495 if we were to abolish the fed will we
pGAkkDrxyJc-00842-00182496-00182654 place congress in charge of ensuring
pGAkkDrxyJc-00843-00182655-00182814 steady national growth
pGAkkDrxyJc-00844-00182815-00183207 if not then who
pGAkkDrxyJc-00845-00183208-00183495 congress in charge of ensuring economic
pGAkkDrxyJc-00846-00183496-00183551 growth
pGAkkDrxyJc-00847-00183552-00183790 yes i don't think congress needs to be
pGAkkDrxyJc-00848-00183791-00184047 in charge of ensuring economic growth
pGAkkDrxyJc-00849-00184048-00184359 uh the market does quite well on its own
pGAkkDrxyJc-00850-00184360-00184607 what what government needs to do is to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00851-00184608-00184895 establish the rules of the game
pGAkkDrxyJc-00852-00184896-00185190 secure property rights establish rule of
pGAkkDrxyJc-00853-00185191-00185247 law
pGAkkDrxyJc-00854-00185248-00185623 and get out of the way and uh you'll
pGAkkDrxyJc-00855-00185624-00185807 you see you saw that in hong kong you
pGAkkDrxyJc-00856-00185808-00186102 see it in in the free market
pGAkkDrxyJc-00857-00186103-00186414 and and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00858-00186415-00186735 the fed doesn't destroy that possibility
pGAkkDrxyJc-00859-00186736-00187102 but think back again
pGAkkDrxyJc-00860-00187103-00187383 to the horrible consequences of the last
pGAkkDrxyJc-00861-00187384-00187583 recession which was the worst recession
pGAkkDrxyJc-00862-00187584-00187735 since the great depression
pGAkkDrxyJc-00863-00187736-00187887 from which we have not yet fully
pGAkkDrxyJc-00864-00187888-00188111 recovered
pGAkkDrxyJc-00865-00188112-00188407 and ben bernanke says it's not the fed's
pGAkkDrxyJc-00866-00188408-00188487 fault
pGAkkDrxyJc-00867-00188488-00188663 it wasn't really caused by a housing
pGAkkDrxyJc-00868-00188664-00189159 bubble i begged it different
pGAkkDrxyJc-00869-00189160-00189438 all right and this question is to the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00870-00189439-00189526 negative side
pGAkkDrxyJc-00871-00189527-00189799 um and this is actually from the federal
pGAkkDrxyJc-00872-00189800-00189950 reserve's website
pGAkkDrxyJc-00873-00189951-00190319 um and they say basically that the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00874-00190320-00190399 federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-00875-00190400-00190759 is a independent entity within the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00876-00190760-00191007 government
pGAkkDrxyJc-00877-00191008-00191447 which they go on to elaborate that it is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00878-00191448-00191750 not subject to any government
pGAkkDrxyJc-00879-00191751-00192102 official outside of basic
pGAkkDrxyJc-00880-00192103-00192414 laws that congress may impose
pGAkkDrxyJc-00881-00192415-00192766 or reviews that congress may request
pGAkkDrxyJc-00882-00192767-00193047 should we have an independent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00883-00193048-00193143 organization
pGAkkDrxyJc-00884-00193144-00193423 in charge of our nation's entire
pGAkkDrxyJc-00885-00193424-00193863 currency
pGAkkDrxyJc-00886-00193864-00194038 i mean i think that's that's a concern
pGAkkDrxyJc-00887-00194039-00194223 right should we have an independent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00888-00194224-00194399 agency but it seems to me that if you
pGAkkDrxyJc-00889-00194400-00194535 look across countries
pGAkkDrxyJc-00890-00194536-00194838 um countries whose currency is
pGAkkDrxyJc-00891-00194839-00195135 more intertwined with congressional
pGAkkDrxyJc-00892-00195136-00195263 representatives
pGAkkDrxyJc-00893-00195264-00195566 we see much more uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-00894-00195567-00195887 much greater rates of inflation we see
pGAkkDrxyJc-00895-00195888-00196111 larger financial crises we see much more
pGAkkDrxyJc-00896-00196112-00196263 volatility
pGAkkDrxyJc-00897-00196264-00196471 you have to remember that if if it's not
pGAkkDrxyJc-00898-00196472-00196711 going to be someone who's independent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00899-00196712-00196878 it's going to be someone whose time
pGAkkDrxyJc-00900-00196879-00197102 horizon is every two to six years
pGAkkDrxyJc-00901-00197103-00197359 and so it seems to me that that in
pGAkkDrxyJc-00902-00197360-00197463 itself
pGAkkDrxyJc-00903-00197464-00197654 if we're going to have a currency that's
pGAkkDrxyJc-00904-00197655-00197783 run by the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00905-00197784-00198087 you know by the government or
pGAkkDrxyJc-00906-00198088-00198383 assign the right by congress to have an
pGAkkDrxyJc-00907-00198384-00198647 independent agency
pGAkkDrxyJc-00908-00198648-00198838 use monetary policy and determine the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00909-00198839-00198966 amount of money supply
pGAkkDrxyJc-00910-00198967-00199078 and it seems to me you want someone who
pGAkkDrxyJc-00911-00199079-00199271 has a much longer time horizon than a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00912-00199272-00199407 congressional representative
pGAkkDrxyJc-00913-00199408-00199550 which should seem to be what you were
pGAkkDrxyJc-00914-00199551-00199878 suggesting in the question
pGAkkDrxyJc-00915-00199879-00200183 um i was wondering what things have to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00916-00200184-00200231 happen
pGAkkDrxyJc-00917-00200232-00200463 for a decentralized currency like
pGAkkDrxyJc-00918-00200464-00200983 bitcoin to be successful
pGAkkDrxyJc-00919-00200984-00201311 number one you have to allow it and and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00920-00201312-00201638 there are cases where the federal
pGAkkDrxyJc-00921-00201639-00201743 government has come
pGAkkDrxyJc-00922-00201744-00202095 down hard on alternative currencies
pGAkkDrxyJc-00923-00202096-00202311 one example was norfed and the the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00924-00202312-00202423 creator of norfed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00925-00202424-00202823 is i think currently in jail and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00926-00202824-00203071 presumably i mean in american history
pGAkkDrxyJc-00927-00203072-00203254 you have
pGAkkDrxyJc-00928-00203255-00203495 a long tradition of alternative
pGAkkDrxyJc-00929-00203496-00203647 currencies from other countries being
pGAkkDrxyJc-00930-00203648-00203743 used
pGAkkDrxyJc-00931-00203744-00203975 uh people minting their own coins and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00932-00203976-00204063 and yet
pGAkkDrxyJc-00933-00204064-00204366 under the current system
pGAkkDrxyJc-00934-00204367-00204526 you can go to jail if you do your own
pGAkkDrxyJc-00935-00204527-00204735 currency so um
pGAkkDrxyJc-00936-00204736-00205158 i worry a little bit about that and um
pGAkkDrxyJc-00937-00205159-00205455 so my first suggestion is get out of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00938-00205456-00205566 way and let it happen
pGAkkDrxyJc-00939-00205567-00205775 but of course it threatens government
pGAkkDrxyJc-00940-00205776-00205934 power and that's why they're they're
pGAkkDrxyJc-00941-00205935-00206038 worried about it
pGAkkDrxyJc-00942-00206039-00206223 yeah i would say that i would agree with
pGAkkDrxyJc-00943-00206223-00206366 bruce that we need to kind of let it
pGAkkDrxyJc-00944-00206367-00206631 let it run um there's two concerns that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00945-00206632-00206766 if you're a central government that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00946-00206767-00206855 you're going to be
pGAkkDrxyJc-00947-00206856-00207006 worried about if you have independent
pGAkkDrxyJc-00948-00207007-00207246 currency i'm the first which i would say
pGAkkDrxyJc-00949-00207248-00207358 has some legitimacy
pGAkkDrxyJc-00950-00207359-00207534 is that people who are doing nefarious
pGAkkDrxyJc-00951-00207535-00207694 things uh selling
pGAkkDrxyJc-00952-00207696-00207903 illegal goods and such may use it as a
pGAkkDrxyJc-00953-00207904-00208038 way to avoid
pGAkkDrxyJc-00954-00208039-00208375 uh being found and so i could see why
pGAkkDrxyJc-00955-00208376-00208486 this would this will probably be the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00956-00208487-00208623 hook that you'll hear when they go to
pGAkkDrxyJc-00957-00208623-00208814 propose legislation about all the bad
pGAkkDrxyJc-00958-00208815-00208903 stuff going on
pGAkkDrxyJc-00959-00208904-00209038 that's being compensated by these
pGAkkDrxyJc-00960-00209039-00209375 currencies the other of course is that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00961-00209376-00209614 much of the exchange is not taxable
pGAkkDrxyJc-00962-00209615-00209798 right so the compensation isn't taxed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00963-00209800-00210015 because it's not denominated in dollars
pGAkkDrxyJc-00964-00210016-00210263 so it's not really a dollar compensation
pGAkkDrxyJc-00965-00210264-00210510 and so it's easy to avoid taxation
pGAkkDrxyJc-00966-00210511-00210798 um that will also be claimed but i think
pGAkkDrxyJc-00967-00210800-00210871 over time
pGAkkDrxyJc-00968-00210871-00211046 it would be more acceptable to to kind
pGAkkDrxyJc-00969-00211048-00211246 of grant them um
pGAkkDrxyJc-00970-00211248-00211487 a freedom to move and let it build up
pGAkkDrxyJc-00971-00211488-00211598 and be developed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00972-00211600-00211775 uh at which point of course then being
pGAkkDrxyJc-00973-00211776-00211951 compensated in dollars or bitcoin or
pGAkkDrxyJc-00974-00211952-00212134 litecoin or whatever the coin may be
pGAkkDrxyJc-00975-00212135-00212303 might be a legitimate reason to tax them
pGAkkDrxyJc-00976-00212304-00212527 but it would be such a well-developed
pGAkkDrxyJc-00977-00212528-00212734 uh kind of currency system that that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00978-00212735-00212831 wouldn't actually be
pGAkkDrxyJc-00979-00212832-00213071 the the you know the nefarious idea
pGAkkDrxyJc-00980-00213071-00213246 would kind of be dwarfed by all the good
pGAkkDrxyJc-00981-00213248-00213494 that's taking place
pGAkkDrxyJc-00982-00213496-00213687 hi um this is a question mainly to the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00983-00213688-00213846 negative and it's kind of touching
pGAkkDrxyJc-00984-00213848-00214175 on uh mr rodman's point of i mean that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00985-00214176-00214255 the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00986-00214256-00214519 of the privacy of the federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-00987-00214519-00214671 wouldn't you say it's better
pGAkkDrxyJc-00988-00214671-00214982 for i guess we're all against the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00989-00214983-00215103 willy-nilly spending
pGAkkDrxyJc-00990-00215104-00215391 and printing of money but wouldn't she
pGAkkDrxyJc-00991-00215392-00215542 say it's better for that to be in the
pGAkkDrxyJc-00992-00215544-00215679 hands of the government
pGAkkDrxyJc-00993-00215680-00215879 adversaries that we can actually see and
pGAkkDrxyJc-00994-00215880-00216023 actually vote for
pGAkkDrxyJc-00995-00216023-00216198 rather than independent private
pGAkkDrxyJc-00996-00216200-00216415 organizations that are not entirely sure
pGAkkDrxyJc-00997-00216416-00216823 who they are and what they do
pGAkkDrxyJc-00998-00216823-00217319 um man i'm not sympathetic of that
pGAkkDrxyJc-00999-00217319-00217471 it seems to me that if you have multiple
pGAkkDrxyJc-01000-00217471-00217655 competing currencies then you don't
pGAkkDrxyJc-01001-00217656-00218087 you really don't have that concern
pGAkkDrxyJc-01002-00218088-00218431 i would i would strongly suggest that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01003-00218432-00218655 having independent currencies allows you
pGAkkDrxyJc-01004-00218656-00218806 to to change if you're not
pGAkkDrxyJc-01005-00218807-00218951 if you feel like something's being done
pGAkkDrxyJc-01006-00218952-00219151 wrong to switch the type of currency you
pGAkkDrxyJc-01007-00219152-00219246 use
pGAkkDrxyJc-01008-00219248-00219567 uh and so i think um
pGAkkDrxyJc-01009-00219567-00219727 the problem with having it is kind of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01010-00219728-00219927 like in a in a private
pGAkkDrxyJc-01011-00219928-00220142 i'm sorry in in the federal reserve is
pGAkkDrxyJc-01012-00220144-00220294 that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01013-00220296-00220558 you know you can't see what's going on
pGAkkDrxyJc-01014-00220559-00220679 so i'm not really sure
pGAkkDrxyJc-01015-00220680-00220775 i'm not really sure if i answer the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01016-00220776-00220894 question maybe bruce understands the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01017-00220896-00221134 question better than i did i
pGAkkDrxyJc-01018-00221135-00221319 in some ways the fed has been kind of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01019-00221319-00221510 transparent i mean you can go to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01020-00221511-00221710 fed websites and see how much money
pGAkkDrxyJc-01021-00221711-00221967 there is in various categories so
pGAkkDrxyJc-01022-00221967-00222191 uh but it is true you don't know exactly
pGAkkDrxyJc-01023-00222192-00222382 what happens at fed meetings and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01024-00222383-00222734 and and uh every time you know the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-01025-00222735-00222798 chairman
pGAkkDrxyJc-01026-00222800-00223015 sneezes you know the world catches a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01027-00223016-00223127 cold so
pGAkkDrxyJc-01028-00223128-00223503 um that the system
pGAkkDrxyJc-01029-00223504-00223855 the system is is kind of scary in that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01030-00223856-00223934 sense and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01031-00223935-00224094 and i understand why they want to be
pGAkkDrxyJc-01032-00224096-00224239 secret you know if
pGAkkDrxyJc-01033-00224240-00224398 you're in a fed meeting and you're
pGAkkDrxyJc-01034-00224400-00224623 openly worried about a recession
pGAkkDrxyJc-01035-00224623-00224951 and that hits the papers the stock
pGAkkDrxyJc-01036-00224952-00225094 market crashes and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01037-00225096-00225351 and panic ensues who knows what what
pGAkkDrxyJc-01038-00225352-00225415 could happen
pGAkkDrxyJc-01039-00225416-00225687 so they have a reason for their secrecy
pGAkkDrxyJc-01040-00225688-00225871 and i think an institution like that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01041-00225871-00226039 probably is bound to be sort of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01042-00226040-00226134 secretive
pGAkkDrxyJc-01043-00226135-00226334 the founding of the fed was largely
pGAkkDrxyJc-01044-00226335-00226534 secret and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01045-00226535-00226846 um and certainly that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01046-00226848-00227175 when it was voted on in 1913
pGAkkDrxyJc-01047-00227176-00227471 if anyone had said well this this
pGAkkDrxyJc-01048-00227471-00227687 institution is going to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01049-00227688-00227871 be in charge the money supply is going
pGAkkDrxyJc-01050-00227871-00228023 to control interest rates
pGAkkDrxyJc-01051-00228023-00228255 is going to accumulate powers is going
pGAkkDrxyJc-01052-00228256-00228358 to have the power to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01053-00228359-00228623 to bail out companies that are failing
pGAkkDrxyJc-01054-00228623-00228694 to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01055-00228696-00229023 buy stocks i think uh it
pGAkkDrxyJc-01056-00229023-00229246 would not have passed even in you know
pGAkkDrxyJc-01057-00229248-00229479 in that progressive moment
pGAkkDrxyJc-01058-00229480-00229806 so um i i think the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-01059-00229807-00230063 is probably more transparent perhaps
pGAkkDrxyJc-01060-00230064-00230215 than we might think but
pGAkkDrxyJc-01061-00230216-00230439 um i'm not worried so much about that as
pGAkkDrxyJc-01062-00230440-00230623 as the powers that they have and the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01063-00230623-00230727 effects of their
pGAkkDrxyJc-01064-00230728-00230958 actions professor mahal let me rephrase
pGAkkDrxyJc-01065-00230959-00231110 that question for you really quickly and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01066-00231111-00231263 see if i can get to what the question
pGAkkDrxyJc-01067-00231264-00231398 was asking
pGAkkDrxyJc-01068-00231400-00231710 do you think that having the fed made up
pGAkkDrxyJc-01069-00231711-00231775 of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01070-00231776-00232039 let's say democratically elected people
pGAkkDrxyJc-01071-00232040-00232182 would make it more accountable and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01072-00232183-00232423 therefore produce better policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-01073-00232423-00232598 uh no i think the time horizon of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01074-00232600-00232782 elected officials is so short that it
pGAkkDrxyJc-01075-00232783-00232958 would not create better policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-01076-00232959-00233151 you might be able to see it but you
pGAkkDrxyJc-01077-00233152-00233471 wouldn't like it
pGAkkDrxyJc-01078-00233471-00233727 next question thanks i'd like to ask dr
pGAkkDrxyJc-01079-00233728-00233815 mulholland
pGAkkDrxyJc-01080-00233816-00234079 where the positive justification for the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01081-00234080-00234231 existence of the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-01082-00234232-00234510 is because as you stated in your opening
pGAkkDrxyJc-01083-00234511-00234623 remarks
pGAkkDrxyJc-01084-00234623-00234823 it really hasn't helped with the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01085-00234823-00234982 inflation or with boom
pGAkkDrxyJc-01086-00234983-00235351 bust cycles or with financial crises
pGAkkDrxyJc-01087-00235352-00235527 i think i think that's a legitimate
pGAkkDrxyJc-01088-00235528-00235767 question um i mean i think
pGAkkDrxyJc-01089-00235767-00236151 that uh the only positive i can see
pGAkkDrxyJc-01090-00236152-00236455 is is basically in my remarks and that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01091-00236456-00236503 is
pGAkkDrxyJc-01092-00236504-00236863 is um because congress and the federal
pGAkkDrxyJc-01093-00236864-00237063 reserve don't operate in a vacuum
pGAkkDrxyJc-01094-00237064-00237223 in some sense they operate conditional
pGAkkDrxyJc-01095-00237223-00237406 on what the other is doing
pGAkkDrxyJc-01096-00237407-00237631 the fed actually i believe actually
pGAkkDrxyJc-01097-00237632-00237831 reduces the amount of stimulus spending
pGAkkDrxyJc-01098-00237832-00237951 that you would see
pGAkkDrxyJc-01099-00237952-00238175 in any type of economic downturn and one
pGAkkDrxyJc-01100-00238176-00238279 of the problems with
pGAkkDrxyJc-01101-00238280-00238719 increase in stimulus spending is that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01102-00238719-00238919 what is claimed to be a stimulus
pGAkkDrxyJc-01103-00238919-00239023 spending
pGAkkDrxyJc-01104-00239023-00239231 usually ends up being part of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01105-00239232-00239455 permanent budget in future years
pGAkkDrxyJc-01106-00239456-00239591 so if we lived in a world where we
pGAkkDrxyJc-01107-00239592-00239775 didn't have the federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-01108-00239776-00240031 congress would increase spending that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01109-00240032-00240175 increase in spending would become just
pGAkkDrxyJc-01110-00240176-00240246 part of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01111-00240248-00240487 average budget the next year and so we'd
pGAkkDrxyJc-01112-00240488-00240591 actually have a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01113-00240592-00240903 larger uh government in terms of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01114-00240904-00241167 spending we'd have more graft
pGAkkDrxyJc-01115-00241167-00241479 and so that is my kind of positive spin
pGAkkDrxyJc-01116-00241480-00241719 on why i think having the fed is
pGAkkDrxyJc-01117-00241719-00241855 beneficial
pGAkkDrxyJc-01118-00241856-00242182 i do think it does make sense to have
pGAkkDrxyJc-01119-00242183-00242494 some type of organization that serves as
pGAkkDrxyJc-01120-00242496-00242663 a lender of last resort
pGAkkDrxyJc-01121-00242664-00242998 it doesn't have to be a government
pGAkkDrxyJc-01122-00243000-00243230 you know authorized agency it could
pGAkkDrxyJc-01123-00243231-00243398 easily be one that's constructed by a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01124-00243400-00243575 number of banking institutions
pGAkkDrxyJc-01125-00243576-00243719 insurance institutions that could be
pGAkkDrxyJc-01126-00243719-00243942 privately run and so in that sense i
pGAkkDrxyJc-01127-00243944-00244030 think that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01128-00244031-00244310 it does serve a purpose that would exist
pGAkkDrxyJc-01129-00244311-00244439 out there
pGAkkDrxyJc-01130-00244440-00244710 but it wouldn't necessarily have to be
pGAkkDrxyJc-01131-00244711-00244767 through
pGAkkDrxyJc-01132-00244767-00244998 as a government agency so kind of make
pGAkkDrxyJc-01133-00245000-00245158 the answer short
pGAkkDrxyJc-01134-00245159-00245287 it does serve a purpose i think it's
pGAkkDrxyJc-01135-00245288-00245439 valuable that could be run by a private
pGAkkDrxyJc-01136-00245440-00245510 agency
pGAkkDrxyJc-01137-00245511-00245830 but the other second valuable is that it
pGAkkDrxyJc-01138-00245831-00246015 kind of restricts congress's
pGAkkDrxyJc-01139-00246016-00246375 stimulus spending
pGAkkDrxyJc-01140-00246376-00246679 so i guess my question is uh twofold now
pGAkkDrxyJc-01141-00246680-00246958 first off is the federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-01142-00246959-00247039 accountable
pGAkkDrxyJc-01143-00247040-00247294 to anyone besides the u.s congress and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01144-00247296-00247358 the public
pGAkkDrxyJc-01145-00247359-00247687 and second of all is it audited by any
pGAkkDrxyJc-01146-00247688-00248015 government agency maybe the gao and if
pGAkkDrxyJc-01147-00248016-00248063 so
pGAkkDrxyJc-01148-00248064-00248382 uh basically can you walk me through
pGAkkDrxyJc-01149-00248383-00248591 how that actually happens uh i think
pGAkkDrxyJc-01150-00248592-00248855 those are my too many questions
pGAkkDrxyJc-01151-00248856-00249063 so what was the first one is it
pGAkkDrxyJc-01152-00249064-00249223 accountable to anyone other than the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01153-00249223-00249423 public in u.s congress
pGAkkDrxyJc-01154-00249423-00249591 uh so really i would say the federal
pGAkkDrxyJc-01155-00249592-00249734 reserve is probably most accountable to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01156-00249735-00249839 member banks
pGAkkDrxyJc-01157-00249840-00250182 right so the federal reserve is owned by
pGAkkDrxyJc-01158-00250183-00250327 commercial banks that you're familiar
pGAkkDrxyJc-01159-00250328-00250527 with bank of america bb t
pGAkkDrxyJc-01160-00250528-00250727 and such so i would say they're probably
pGAkkDrxyJc-01161-00250728-00250830 most uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-01162-00250831-00251087 uh most attentive to the the concerns of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01163-00251088-00251198 the the banks
pGAkkDrxyJc-01164-00251200-00251503 a probably secondary concern with uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-01165-00251504-00251894 only through uh being nominated and then
pGAkkDrxyJc-01166-00251896-00252046 confirmed by the senate
pGAkkDrxyJc-01167-00252048-00252334 in terms of the the chairman of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01168-00252335-00252439 federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-01169-00252440-00252582 uh and so i would say they're not
pGAkkDrxyJc-01170-00252583-00252751 probably uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-01171-00252752-00253071 able to be held accountable so much
pGAkkDrxyJc-01172-00253071-00253271 but they do have a charge and i do think
pGAkkDrxyJc-01173-00253271-00253439 that the congress or senate
pGAkkDrxyJc-01174-00253440-00253646 is always kind of making sure that they
pGAkkDrxyJc-01175-00253648-00253791 meet that charge
pGAkkDrxyJc-01176-00253792-00254239 um and so i think that uh we will
pGAkkDrxyJc-01177-00254240-00254455 it is a concern that they're independent
pGAkkDrxyJc-01178-00254456-00254598 but i think there is some oversight in
pGAkkDrxyJc-01179-00254600-00254815 that sense
pGAkkDrxyJc-01180-00254816-00255023 the fed as you know has a dual mandate
pGAkkDrxyJc-01181-00255023-00255182 and that came from congress
pGAkkDrxyJc-01182-00255183-00255367 uh unlike the european central bank
pGAkkDrxyJc-01183-00255367-00255575 which basically they're mandated
pGAkkDrxyJc-01184-00255576-00255871 price stability so the fed's jewel made
pGAkkDrxyJc-01185-00255871-00255903 it
pGAkkDrxyJc-01186-00255904-00256279 is price stability and pursuing economic
pGAkkDrxyJc-01187-00256280-00256367 growth and it's a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01188-00256367-00256671 second one which brings the mischief for
pGAkkDrxyJc-01189-00256671-00256879 a fed policy
pGAkkDrxyJc-01190-00256880-00257142 i i still remain worried about
pGAkkDrxyJc-01191-00257144-00257319 government spending as much as you do
pGAkkDrxyJc-01192-00257319-00257630 but on the other hand
pGAkkDrxyJc-01193-00257631-00257855 think about the percentage of government
pGAkkDrxyJc-01194-00257856-00257982 spending that's
pGAkkDrxyJc-01195-00257983-00258198 discretionary i think every year it's a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01196-00258200-00258310 little less
pGAkkDrxyJc-01197-00258311-00258639 so one might argue that congress is
pGAkkDrxyJc-01198-00258640-00258823 constrained to some extent
pGAkkDrxyJc-01199-00258823-00259223 from ramping up spending because of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01200-00259223-00259479 huge amount of entitlement spending that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01201-00259480-00259527 it's
pGAkkDrxyJc-01202-00259528-00259942 pretty much committed to do
pGAkkDrxyJc-01203-00259944-00260142 this question is for the negative i was
pGAkkDrxyJc-01204-00260144-00260263 just wondering
pGAkkDrxyJc-01205-00260264-00260567 um what kind of steps would have to be
pGAkkDrxyJc-01206-00260567-00260798 taken before you were comfortable
pGAkkDrxyJc-01207-00260800-00261175 um dissolving the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-01208-00261176-00261575 you mentioned educating the public and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01209-00261576-00261830 reduce congress spending um i'm just
pGAkkDrxyJc-01210-00261831-00261982 curious what kind of steps would it have
pGAkkDrxyJc-01211-00261983-00262110 to be taken
pGAkkDrxyJc-01212-00262111-00262287 yeah i mean that's a great question um
pGAkkDrxyJc-01213-00262288-00262447 you know i think one of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01214-00262448-00262591 one of the things is i would have to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01215-00262592-00262863 kind of be confident that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01216-00262864-00263095 a number of people would realize the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01217-00263096-00263310 costs of the spending the short-term
pGAkkDrxyJc-01218-00263311-00263495 stimulus spending
pGAkkDrxyJc-01219-00263496-00263734 one of the proposals that i've heard and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01220-00263735-00263806 i think would be
pGAkkDrxyJc-01221-00263807-00264047 quite i would be supportive of is to say
pGAkkDrxyJc-01222-00264048-00264215 that well anytime there's an
pGAkkDrxyJc-01223-00264216-00264439 uh government spending that's higher
pGAkkDrxyJc-01224-00264440-00264527 than
pGAkkDrxyJc-01225-00264528-00264839 tax revenue that if if congress wants to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01226-00264840-00264927 go and say have a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01227-00264928-00265351 10 increase in spending that um
pGAkkDrxyJc-01228-00265352-00265606 some fraction of that has to be come
pGAkkDrxyJc-01229-00265607-00265823 from current increases in tax revenue
pGAkkDrxyJc-01230-00265824-00266047 so if you want to increase spending by
pGAkkDrxyJc-01231-00266048-00266206 you know a hundred thousand dollars
pGAkkDrxyJc-01232-00266207-00266391 we have to increase taxes by ten
pGAkkDrxyJc-01233-00266392-00266558 thousand dollars or some percentage of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01234-00266559-00266647 that increase
pGAkkDrxyJc-01235-00266648-00266871 right so the cost of the increase
pGAkkDrxyJc-01236-00266872-00266951 spending today
pGAkkDrxyJc-01237-00266952-00267199 some of it would have to be paid for by
pGAkkDrxyJc-01238-00267200-00267271 current
pGAkkDrxyJc-01239-00267272-00267527 taxpayers and so that would restrict
pGAkkDrxyJc-01240-00267528-00267687 congress's ability and we could debate
pGAkkDrxyJc-01241-00267688-00267806 on the percentages
pGAkkDrxyJc-01242-00267807-00267967 um but that would restrict congress's
pGAkkDrxyJc-01243-00267968-00268158 ability to just come in and just
pGAkkDrxyJc-01244-00268159-00268382 spend a bunch of money and put off the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01245-00268383-00268519 cost of that in the future no you'd
pGAkkDrxyJc-01246-00268520-00268655 actually bear some of that today
pGAkkDrxyJc-01247-00268656-00268799 i mean that would be one way in which i
pGAkkDrxyJc-01248-00268800-00268991 would be more confident that we would
pGAkkDrxyJc-01249-00268992-00269071 see
pGAkkDrxyJc-01250-00269072-00269319 less you know government spending from
pGAkkDrxyJc-01251-00269320-00269399 congress
pGAkkDrxyJc-01252-00269400-00269575 and then that would enable me to be less
pGAkkDrxyJc-01253-00269576-00269703 concerned about getting rid of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01254-00269704-00269815 federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-01255-00269816-00269967 i also think you'd want to make sure
pGAkkDrxyJc-01256-00269968-00270151 you'd set up some type of transition to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01257-00270152-00270327 some type of lender of last resort
pGAkkDrxyJc-01258-00270328-00270655 as a private private owned and agent
pGAkkDrxyJc-01259-00270656-00270863 of commercial banks and not of the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01260-00270864-00270982 government
pGAkkDrxyJc-01261-00270983-00271167 and i also think we'd want to have other
pGAkkDrxyJc-01262-00271168-00271310 currencies kind of out there floating
pGAkkDrxyJc-01263-00271311-00271423 around
pGAkkDrxyJc-01264-00271424-00271575 being used by a large number of people i
pGAkkDrxyJc-01265-00271576-00271734 think those three things would be really
pGAkkDrxyJc-01266-00271735-00271806 important
pGAkkDrxyJc-01267-00271807-00272095 before i would actually start being less
pGAkkDrxyJc-01268-00272096-00272471 concerned about ending the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-01269-00272472-00272703 i've got a question for the affirmative
pGAkkDrxyJc-01270-00272704-00272903 if the fed was disbanded it would move
pGAkkDrxyJc-01271-00272904-00272934 to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01272-00272935-00273151 other currencies now with currencies
pGAkkDrxyJc-01273-00273152-00273295 such as bitcoin there have been
pGAkkDrxyJc-01274-00273296-00273471 security questions and issues about
pGAkkDrxyJc-01275-00273472-00273615 whether those currencies are actually
pGAkkDrxyJc-01276-00273616-00273703 secure
pGAkkDrxyJc-01277-00273704-00273871 whether or not people could lose
pGAkkDrxyJc-01278-00273872-00274055 hundreds of thousands of dollars
pGAkkDrxyJc-01279-00274056-00274230 now with the fed as being a government
pGAkkDrxyJc-01280-00274231-00274399 organization there are
pGAkkDrxyJc-01281-00274400-00274567 tons of security checks in place to help
pGAkkDrxyJc-01282-00274568-00274734 prevent things like that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01283-00274735-00274934 um in the foreseeable future after the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01284-00274935-00275055 fed was disbanded
pGAkkDrxyJc-01285-00275056-00275230 how would you see private currencies
pGAkkDrxyJc-01286-00275231-00275471 being able to have the effectiveness of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01287-00275472-00275647 government organizations at providing
pGAkkDrxyJc-01288-00275648-00275791 security for the people that use their
pGAkkDrxyJc-01289-00275792-00275934 currencies
pGAkkDrxyJc-01290-00275935-00276158 yeah two quick answers i think
pGAkkDrxyJc-01291-00276159-00276255 ultimately
pGAkkDrxyJc-01292-00276256-00276606 uh growing pains will go away and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01293-00276607-00276910 and those currencies will figure it out
pGAkkDrxyJc-01294-00276911-00277255 second response is we didn't have a fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-01295-00277256-00277463 before 1914
pGAkkDrxyJc-01296-00277464-00277791 and we had us dollars i don't think the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01297-00277792-00278151 two are necessarily incompatible
pGAkkDrxyJc-01298-00278152-00278334 i'm going to ask both of you we have a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01299-00278335-00278471 few minutes left one
pGAkkDrxyJc-01300-00278472-00278743 final question um you alluded to it
pGAkkDrxyJc-01301-00278744-00278806 slight
pGAkkDrxyJc-01302-00278807-00279110 a little bit mr rottman earlier but
pGAkkDrxyJc-01303-00279111-00279263 i'd like you both to talk a little bit
pGAkkDrxyJc-01304-00279264-00279415 about what might be
pGAkkDrxyJc-01305-00279416-00279639 the effects not so much directly
pGAkkDrxyJc-01306-00279640-00279758 economic
pGAkkDrxyJc-01307-00279759-00280039 if the fed were to be eliminated and i'm
pGAkkDrxyJc-01308-00280040-00280223 thinking in particular regardless of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01309-00280224-00280367 what congress might do
pGAkkDrxyJc-01310-00280368-00280655 in terms of economic sticking stimulus
pGAkkDrxyJc-01311-00280656-00280815 might that affect some of the other
pGAkkDrxyJc-01312-00280816-00281006 things government does you mentioned war
pGAkkDrxyJc-01313-00281007-00281127 in particular
pGAkkDrxyJc-01314-00281128-00281327 um so do you have any thoughts on some
pGAkkDrxyJc-01315-00281328-00281591 of the not as directly economic effects
pGAkkDrxyJc-01316-00281592-00281655 of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01317-00281656-00282030 a world without a federal reserve
pGAkkDrxyJc-01318-00282031-00282295 i think i think war is a big one a world
pGAkkDrxyJc-01319-00282296-00282375 without
pGAkkDrxyJc-01320-00282376-00282767 the ability to have unlimited amounts of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01321-00282768-00283103 debt is a world in which
pGAkkDrxyJc-01322-00283104-00283295 when you go to war you actually have to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01323-00283296-00283406 raise taxes
pGAkkDrxyJc-01324-00283407-00283734 to fight the war and in economics you
pGAkkDrxyJc-01325-00283735-00283975 want prices to actually reflect
pGAkkDrxyJc-01326-00283976-00284254 the the scarcity of the good and and so
pGAkkDrxyJc-01327-00284255-00284319 we've had
pGAkkDrxyJc-01328-00284320-00284551 an iraq war we've had afghanistan war
pGAkkDrxyJc-01329-00284552-00284758 and they've basically been free wars
pGAkkDrxyJc-01330-00284759-00284943 i mean we've borrowed the money
pGAkkDrxyJc-01331-00284944-00285063 essentially
pGAkkDrxyJc-01332-00285064-00285406 on the margin from china and uh
pGAkkDrxyJc-01333-00285407-00285710 we haven't paid for it yet and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01334-00285711-00285830 young people are going to pay for that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01335-00285831-00286047 in the future
pGAkkDrxyJc-01336-00286048-00286406 if we had increased taxes
pGAkkDrxyJc-01337-00286407-00286719 by one trillion dollars
pGAkkDrxyJc-01338-00286720-00287054 to pay for those wars
pGAkkDrxyJc-01339-00287055-00287287 that's three thousand dollars every man
pGAkkDrxyJc-01340-00287288-00287567 woman and child in the united states
pGAkkDrxyJc-01341-00287568-00287767 uh i think we would have been a little
pGAkkDrxyJc-01342-00287768-00287910 bit more hesitant to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01343-00287911-00288254 uh use our military force
pGAkkDrxyJc-01344-00288255-00288487 and think of the long-term repercussions
pGAkkDrxyJc-01345-00288488-00288767 of of these wars
pGAkkDrxyJc-01346-00288768-00288887 and for that matter long-term
pGAkkDrxyJc-01347-00288888-00289182 repercussions of the welfare state
pGAkkDrxyJc-01348-00289183-00289471 um and the insidious effects of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01349-00289472-00289551 inflation
pGAkkDrxyJc-01350-00289552-00289871 now two and two percent inflation okay i
pGAkkDrxyJc-01351-00289872-00290254 you know that's that's livable but
pGAkkDrxyJc-01352-00290255-00290567 one never knows how it ends and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01353-00290568-00290943 in all of history debt ends in either
pGAkkDrxyJc-01354-00290944-00291206 repudiation or hyperinflation and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01355-00291207-00291606 hyperinflation erodes moral character
pGAkkDrxyJc-01356-00291607-00291854 yeah i have two thoughts um one which i
pGAkkDrxyJc-01357-00291855-00291991 think is quite positive and one is which
pGAkkDrxyJc-01358-00291992-00292054 is kind of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01359-00292055-00292295 scary the first is that i think if we
pGAkkDrxyJc-01360-00292296-00292439 eliminated the fed
pGAkkDrxyJc-01361-00292440-00292606 financial institutions would behave in a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01362-00292607-00292823 much less risky manner so
pGAkkDrxyJc-01363-00292824-00293006 they would they would recognize that
pGAkkDrxyJc-01364-00293007-00293182 they would bear more cost of their
pGAkkDrxyJc-01365-00293183-00293279 action right so
pGAkkDrxyJc-01366-00293280-00293551 they wouldn't view the that the world is
pGAkkDrxyJc-01367-00293552-00293743 such that the benefits are privatized
pGAkkDrxyJc-01368-00293744-00293910 and the costs are socialized they would
pGAkkDrxyJc-01369-00293911-00293967 probably
pGAkkDrxyJc-01370-00293968-00294191 view uh their actions in a much more
pGAkkDrxyJc-01371-00294192-00294471 private manner so i think they would be
pGAkkDrxyJc-01372-00294472-00294791 less willing to take on risk
pGAkkDrxyJc-01373-00294792-00295047 and and would probably operate in a much
pGAkkDrxyJc-01374-00295048-00295175 more sound manner
pGAkkDrxyJc-01375-00295176-00295295 so i think that's a benefit of ending
pGAkkDrxyJc-01376-00295296-00295575 the fed one of the things that i just
pGAkkDrxyJc-01377-00295576-00295663 occurred to me
pGAkkDrxyJc-01378-00295664-00295903 and i i read briefly about this so
pGAkkDrxyJc-01379-00295904-00296015 imagine a world where if you
pGAkkDrxyJc-01380-00296016-00296175 if you eliminate the fed how would the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01381-00296176-00296391 world respond so what would the world
pGAkkDrxyJc-01382-00296392-00296567 currency markets do
pGAkkDrxyJc-01383-00296568-00296751 if all of a sudden there was no federal
pGAkkDrxyJc-01384-00296752-00296975 reserve that was backing the dollar
pGAkkDrxyJc-01385-00296976-00297279 so the question is
pGAkkDrxyJc-01386-00297280-00297447 would the dollar still be considered a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01387-00297448-00297647 reserve currency and if not
pGAkkDrxyJc-01388-00297648-00297847 would people try to get rid of it so in
pGAkkDrxyJc-01389-00297848-00298071 other words how would that affect
pGAkkDrxyJc-01390-00298072-00298319 prices and such in the short run if you
pGAkkDrxyJc-01391-00298320-00298454 got rid of the fed and that that would
pGAkkDrxyJc-01392-00298455-00298679 seem to me to be kind of concerning
pGAkkDrxyJc-01393-00298680-00298951 uh as a short run issue especially if we
pGAkkDrxyJc-01394-00298952-00299119 hadn't developed these other currencies
pGAkkDrxyJc-01395-00299120-00299230 as ways
pGAkkDrxyJc-01396-00299231-00299510 of trading well thank you very much we
pGAkkDrxyJc-01397-00299511-00299599 have
pGAkkDrxyJc-01398-00299600-00299863 two minutes for each of our debaters to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01399-00299864-00299927 give their
pGAkkDrxyJc-01400-00299928-00300143 final remarks uh and we're going to flip
pGAkkDrxyJc-01401-00300144-00300295 that order from the beginning so we're
pGAkkDrxyJc-01402-00300296-00300399 going to start with
pGAkkDrxyJc-01403-00300400-00300582 the negative with professor mulholland
pGAkkDrxyJc-01404-00300583-00300791 and then mr rotman so
pGAkkDrxyJc-01405-00300792-00300982 you have two minutes thanks well i want
pGAkkDrxyJc-01406-00300983-00301110 to thank fee again for
pGAkkDrxyJc-01407-00301111-00301271 for inviting me to be a part of this i
pGAkkDrxyJc-01408-00301272-00301430 want to thank everybody here that was
pGAkkDrxyJc-01409-00301431-00301630 watching and everybody online
pGAkkDrxyJc-01410-00301631-00301934 uh john maynard keynes once said
pGAkkDrxyJc-01411-00301935-00302143 you can't make a fat man skinny by
pGAkkDrxyJc-01412-00302144-00302743 tightening his belt
pGAkkDrxyJc-01413-00302744-00302982 the moral of course is that he has to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01414-00302983-00303127 become skinny first
pGAkkDrxyJc-01415-00303128-00303447 and then he'll fit into the smaller loop
pGAkkDrxyJc-01416-00303448-00303663 eliminating the fed will not shrink
pGAkkDrxyJc-01417-00303664-00303823 government
pGAkkDrxyJc-01418-00303824-00304134 it'll find a way to borrow it will not
pGAkkDrxyJc-01419-00304135-00304319 reduce intervention it'll simply grant
pGAkkDrxyJc-01420-00304320-00304543 congress a greater license
pGAkkDrxyJc-01421-00304544-00304767 congress is made up of men and women who
pGAkkDrxyJc-01422-00304768-00304927 are worried about the election that's
pGAkkDrxyJc-01423-00304928-00305239 almost always next year they have a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01424-00305240-00305415 short time horizon and so they're
pGAkkDrxyJc-01425-00305416-00305551 worried about being able to come home to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01426-00305552-00305703 their constituents and tell you
pGAkkDrxyJc-01427-00305704-00305895 i've done something today because i care
pGAkkDrxyJc-01428-00305896-00306103 because i see that you're suffering
pGAkkDrxyJc-01429-00306104-00306415 i'm spending on your behalf
pGAkkDrxyJc-01430-00306416-00306682 it's a license to transfor transfer more
pGAkkDrxyJc-01431-00306683-00306823 taxes
pGAkkDrxyJc-01432-00306824-00307254 from future future citizens
pGAkkDrxyJc-01433-00307255-00307615 for revenue today and instead of having
pGAkkDrxyJc-01434-00307616-00307775 prices that signal information and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01435-00307776-00307863 knowledge
pGAkkDrxyJc-01436-00307864-00308134 it becomes muddled with malinvestment
pGAkkDrxyJc-01437-00308135-00308279 and overconsumption
pGAkkDrxyJc-01438-00308280-00308534 so i think ending the fed would result
pGAkkDrxyJc-01439-00308535-00308679 in
pGAkkDrxyJc-01440-00308680-00308903 greater amount investment greater over
pGAkkDrxyJc-01441-00308904-00309023 consumption
pGAkkDrxyJc-01442-00309024-00309303 and greater graft for the people who
pGAkkDrxyJc-01443-00309304-00309487 helped get them elected
pGAkkDrxyJc-01444-00309488-00309799 thank you mr rottman
pGAkkDrxyJc-01445-00309800-00310006 i also like to thank fee and and thank
pGAkkDrxyJc-01446-00310007-00310263 calvin college
pGAkkDrxyJc-01447-00310264-00310519 and i was a calvin student i imagine a a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01448-00310520-00310623 scenario of a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01449-00310624-00310943 rogue calvin student perhaps
pGAkkDrxyJc-01450-00310944-00311230 sneaking something like vodka into the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01451-00311231-00311399 water supply
pGAkkDrxyJc-01452-00311400-00311654 and uh i'm sure it would never happen
pGAkkDrxyJc-01453-00311655-00311727 but
pGAkkDrxyJc-01454-00311728-00312015 but what would happen and you know
pGAkkDrxyJc-01455-00312016-00312079 perhaps
pGAkkDrxyJc-01456-00312080-00312303 students would be bumping into trees and
pGAkkDrxyJc-01457-00312304-00312399 losing their way
pGAkkDrxyJc-01458-00312400-00312615 and getting into fights and would you
pGAkkDrxyJc-01459-00312616-00312854 blame the students
pGAkkDrxyJc-01460-00312855-00313191 or would in fact you blame the guy
pGAkkDrxyJc-01461-00313192-00313543 who spiked the punch bowl i think
pGAkkDrxyJc-01462-00313544-00313863 the fed by spiking the punch bowl
pGAkkDrxyJc-01463-00313864-00314327 creates the booms that lead to the bus
pGAkkDrxyJc-01464-00314328-00314727 in our society it's it's like a monetary
pGAkkDrxyJc-01465-00314728-00315175 pusher to a nation addicted to spending
pGAkkDrxyJc-01466-00315176-00315447 it won't ending the fed won't solve the
pGAkkDrxyJc-01467-00315448-00315503 root
pGAkkDrxyJc-01468-00315504-00315799 problem of our wanting something for
pGAkkDrxyJc-01469-00315800-00315863 nothing
pGAkkDrxyJc-01470-00315864-00316134 wanting a free lunch ultimately i think
pGAkkDrxyJc-01471-00316135-00316415 education has to solve that problem
pGAkkDrxyJc-01472-00316416-00316615 and it probably will never be completely
pGAkkDrxyJc-01473-00316616-00316815 solved i'm sure
pGAkkDrxyJc-01474-00316816-00317151 but i think ending the fed is
pGAkkDrxyJc-01475-00317152-00317534 probably a necessary precondition
pGAkkDrxyJc-01476-00317535-00317799 for ending our addiction to debt our
pGAkkDrxyJc-01477-00317800-00318006 addiction to spending
pGAkkDrxyJc-01478-00318007-00318327 and who knows what will happen once all
pGAkkDrxyJc-01479-00318328-00318663 this money that the fed has created with
pGAkkDrxyJc-01480-00318664-00318863 quantitative easing in the last several
pGAkkDrxyJc-01481-00318864-00319047 years so
pGAkkDrxyJc-01482-00319048-00319295 i think it's a first step it is it is a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01483-00319296-00319471 necessary step
pGAkkDrxyJc-01484-00319472-00319654 it's not the only step and it's not a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01485-00319655-00319830 panacea
pGAkkDrxyJc-01486-00319831-00319951 thank you thank you very much i'd like
pGAkkDrxyJc-01487-00319952-00320127 to thank both of our speakers here you
pGAkkDrxyJc-01488-00320128-00320182 did a
pGAkkDrxyJc-01489-00320183-00320682 great job let's give them a round of
pGAkkDrxyJc-01490-00320683-00320975 applause
pGAkkDrxyJc-01491-00320976-00321215 thank you again to uh foundation for
pGAkkDrxyJc-01492-00321216-00321487 economic education to calvin college to
pGAkkDrxyJc-01493-00321488-00321687 everyone in our audience and we are not
pGAkkDrxyJc-01494-00321688-00321854 responsible for the actions of future
pGAkkDrxyJc-01495-00321855-00322079 kelvin college students after mr robin's
pGAkkDrxyJc-01496-00322080-00323088 recommendation thank you everyone
pJglqdALW_E-00000-00000032-00000214 there has been a huge decline in mental
pJglqdALW_E-00001-00000215-00000399 health around the world which is why
pJglqdALW_E-00002-00000400-00000567 we're so committed to creating more
pJglqdALW_E-00003-00000568-00000774 content than we ever have thanks so much
pJglqdALW_E-00004-00000775-00000950 for being a part of our journey
pJglqdALW_E-00005-00000951-00001207 how do you see yourself
pJglqdALW_E-00006-00001208-00001383 are you very critical of how you look or
pJglqdALW_E-00007-00001384-00001478 behave
pJglqdALW_E-00008-00001479-00001614 when talking about things that can
pJglqdALW_E-00009-00001616-00001798 destroy your self-esteem your first
pJglqdALW_E-00010-00001800-00001991 thought may be to do with the effects of
pJglqdALW_E-00011-00001992-00002239 social media or toxic friendships
pJglqdALW_E-00012-00002240-00002399 but that's not all
pJglqdALW_E-00013-00002400-00002599 the way you view and speak to yourself
pJglqdALW_E-00014-00002600-00002863 can also play a very big role you might
pJglqdALW_E-00015-00002864-00003063 not even be aware of some of these
pJglqdALW_E-00016-00003064-00003263 tendencies such as thinking in a
pJglqdALW_E-00017-00003264-00003559 self-deprecating manner so to help you
pJglqdALW_E-00018-00003560-00003703 here are seven things that are
pJglqdALW_E-00019-00003704-00003919 destroying your self-esteem
pJglqdALW_E-00020-00003920-00004022 number one
pJglqdALW_E-00021-00004023-00004279 assuming other people's opinions of you
pJglqdALW_E-00022-00004280-00004431 do you always think you know how someone
pJglqdALW_E-00023-00004432-00004567 feels about you
pJglqdALW_E-00024-00004568-00004679 let's say you have a friend who's
pJglqdALW_E-00025-00004680-00004879 suddenly acting differently than normal
pJglqdALW_E-00026-00004880-00005063 would you jump the gun and believe that
pJglqdALW_E-00027-00005064-00005311 it's you who caused their change in mood
pJglqdALW_E-00028-00005312-00005543 this form of overthinking can be
pJglqdALW_E-00029-00005544-00005670 damaging to your mental health and
pJglqdALW_E-00030-00005671-00005854 affect how you see yourself
pJglqdALW_E-00031-00005855-00006063 remember that not every negative thing
pJglqdALW_E-00032-00006064-00006215 has to do with you
pJglqdALW_E-00033-00006216-00006391 perhaps they were just having a bad day
pJglqdALW_E-00034-00006392-00006614 or are thinking about someone else
pJglqdALW_E-00035-00006615-00006831 assuming their bad mood is your fault
pJglqdALW_E-00036-00006831-00007023 may be a thought process caused by bad
pJglqdALW_E-00037-00007023-00007270 experiences in the past so don't forget
pJglqdALW_E-00038-00007272-00007463 to take it easy and reassure yourself
pJglqdALW_E-00039-00007464-00007670 whenever the instinct and patterns
pJglqdALW_E-00040-00007672-00007823 repeat themselves
pJglqdALW_E-00041-00007823-00008039 it may also be good to surround yourself
pJglqdALW_E-00042-00008040-00008167 with understanding and supportive
pJglqdALW_E-00043-00008168-00008359 friends who can reassure you in times
pJglqdALW_E-00044-00008360-00008614 when you feel insecure number two
pJglqdALW_E-00045-00008615-00008871 carrying long-term emotional baggage
pJglqdALW_E-00046-00008872-00009063 everyone goes through bad experiences in
pJglqdALW_E-00047-00009064-00009278 one way or another and while it's not
pJglqdALW_E-00048-00009279-00009471 that easy to let go of them these
pJglqdALW_E-00049-00009472-00009646 unresolved mental hurdles can really
pJglqdALW_E-00050-00009647-00009863 stick with you and hinder your growth
pJglqdALW_E-00051-00009864-00010071 it's important and healthy to take your
pJglqdALW_E-00052-00010072-00010238 time but when you're ready to take
pJglqdALW_E-00053-00010239-00010406 another step forward it's good to start
pJglqdALW_E-00054-00010407-00010583 making peace with your past
pJglqdALW_E-00055-00010584-00010791 remind yourself that your previous bad
pJglqdALW_E-00056-00010792-00011055 experiences don't define you as a person
pJglqdALW_E-00057-00011056-00011231 they're just memories
pJglqdALW_E-00058-00011232-00011455 through forgiveness peace and acceptance
pJglqdALW_E-00059-00011456-00011687 you can let go of its power and hold
pJglqdALW_E-00060-00011688-00011783 over you
pJglqdALW_E-00061-00011784-00011910 number three
pJglqdALW_E-00062-00011911-00012127 letting yourself go
pJglqdALW_E-00063-00012128-00012295 when was the last time you had a proper
pJglqdALW_E-00064-00012296-00012510 healthy meal do you often sleep late and
pJglqdALW_E-00065-00012511-00012687 load up on junk food
pJglqdALW_E-00066-00012688-00012902 it's easy to take yourself for granted
pJglqdALW_E-00067-00012903-00013102 but what most don't realize is that
pJglqdALW_E-00068-00013103-00013286 these small things can add up over time
pJglqdALW_E-00069-00013287-00013494 and become habits you end up sending
pJglqdALW_E-00070-00013495-00013727 yourself a mental message that you are
pJglqdALW_E-00071-00013728-00013919 not worth the effort then this can lead
pJglqdALW_E-00072-00013919-00014055 to hopelessness
pJglqdALW_E-00073-00014056-00014303 a good tip on rewiring your mindset is
pJglqdALW_E-00074-00014304-00014503 by thinking if you treat someone you
pJglqdALW_E-00075-00014504-00014743 respect like you've been with yourself
pJglqdALW_E-00076-00014744-00014886 is this how you would take care of your
pJglqdALW_E-00077-00014887-00014975 friend
pJglqdALW_E-00078-00014976-00015183 if it isn't then perhaps your body is
pJglqdALW_E-00079-00015184-00015407 lacking the pampering it needs
pJglqdALW_E-00080-00015408-00015607 you could try to adopt just one good
pJglqdALW_E-00081-00015608-00015886 habit for yourself and stick to it take
pJglqdALW_E-00082-00015887-00016086 note of how you feel and continue the
pJglqdALW_E-00083-00016087-00016311 process until it becomes a sustainable
pJglqdALW_E-00084-00016312-00016415 routine
pJglqdALW_E-00085-00016416-00016575 ultimately there is no such thing as a
pJglqdALW_E-00086-00016576-00016783 perfect lifestyle a realistic goal
pJglqdALW_E-00087-00016784-00016975 instead is to feel better in your own
pJglqdALW_E-00088-00016976-00017158 skin and to develop a good and healthy
pJglqdALW_E-00089-00017159-00017279 mental state
pJglqdALW_E-00090-00017280-00017543 number four being an unforgiving
pJglqdALW_E-00091-00017544-00017679 self-critic
pJglqdALW_E-00092-00017680-00017871 do you tend to obsess over your flaws no
pJglqdALW_E-00093-00017872-00018039 matter how small they are
pJglqdALW_E-00094-00018040-00018335 according to itamar shots a phd
pJglqdALW_E-00095-00018336-00018567 candidate at cambridge university the
pJglqdALW_E-00096-00018568-00018783 act of magnifying the degree to which
pJglqdALW_E-00097-00018784-00018950 minor flaws in your appearance may be
pJglqdALW_E-00098-00018951-00019158 noticed or judged by others is called
pJglqdALW_E-00099-00019159-00019335 the spotlight effect
pJglqdALW_E-00100-00019336-00019567 this near-constant habit of worrying
pJglqdALW_E-00101-00019568-00019735 over your flaws can be harmful to your
pJglqdALW_E-00102-00019736-00019958 self-confidence and self-esteem since it
pJglqdALW_E-00103-00019959-00020207 can lead to negative thinking patterns
pJglqdALW_E-00104-00020208-00020358 this preoccupation with your
pJglqdALW_E-00105-00020359-00020558 imperfections may also cause you to not
pJglqdALW_E-00106-00020559-00020758 focus or do any of the activities you
pJglqdALW_E-00107-00020759-00020894 want to enjoy
pJglqdALW_E-00108-00020895-00021078 so if you find yourself getting worked
pJglqdALW_E-00109-00021079-00021294 up over it all the time you can try to
pJglqdALW_E-00110-00021295-00021471 recognize when you're having these
pJglqdALW_E-00111-00021472-00021647 moments and follow up with reassuring
pJglqdALW_E-00112-00021648-00021830 and kind affirmations
pJglqdALW_E-00113-00021831-00022094 most of the time we are our own worst
pJglqdALW_E-00114-00022095-00022358 enemies by learning how to rewire our
pJglqdALW_E-00115-00022359-00022558 self-deprecating habits we're slowly
pJglqdALW_E-00116-00022559-00022783 building a better outlook on ourselves
pJglqdALW_E-00117-00022784-00023007 number five complimenting others while
pJglqdALW_E-00118-00023008-00023239 comparing yourself secretly
pJglqdALW_E-00119-00023240-00023383 how do you feel when you see others
pJglqdALW_E-00120-00023384-00023575 celebrate their accomplishments
pJglqdALW_E-00121-00023576-00023855 do you praise them through gritted teeth
pJglqdALW_E-00122-00023856-00024047 a lot of people especially women tend to
pJglqdALW_E-00123-00024048-00024271 do this but it can be very damaging to
pJglqdALW_E-00124-00024272-00024414 your self-esteem
pJglqdALW_E-00125-00024415-00024599 it's a form of self-sabotage because the
pJglqdALW_E-00126-00024600-00024735 more you're complementing their good
pJglqdALW_E-00127-00024736-00024886 traits the more you're contrasting them
pJglqdALW_E-00128-00024887-00025119 to your own and once you feel that
pJglqdALW_E-00129-00025120-00025327 you're not the same as them you end up
pJglqdALW_E-00130-00025328-00025542 developing a negative self-image
pJglqdALW_E-00131-00025543-00025734 if you truly want to compliment someone
pJglqdALW_E-00132-00025735-00025958 be genuine about it not everything is a
pJglqdALW_E-00133-00025960-00026087 competition
pJglqdALW_E-00134-00026088-00026239 if this is something you really struggle
pJglqdALW_E-00135-00026239-00026431 with it may help to keep a gratitude
pJglqdALW_E-00136-00026432-00026518 journal
pJglqdALW_E-00137-00026519-00026743 in time you may learn to see yourself in
pJglqdALW_E-00138-00026744-00026902 a kinder light
pJglqdALW_E-00139-00026904-00027023 number six
pJglqdALW_E-00140-00027024-00027295 you tend to use always and never
pJglqdALW_E-00141-00027295-00027470 are you the type of person who makes
pJglqdALW_E-00142-00027472-00027718 extreme statements perhaps you say
pJglqdALW_E-00143-00027719-00027918 always wash the dishes or never want to
pJglqdALW_E-00144-00027919-00028102 watch that show although it sounds
pJglqdALW_E-00145-00028104-00028302 trivial these permanent sounding words
pJglqdALW_E-00146-00028304-00028479 can make your statement sound final and
pJglqdALW_E-00147-00028480-00028631 make you feel like you can't do anything
pJglqdALW_E-00148-00028632-00028751 to change them
pJglqdALW_E-00149-00028752-00028911 what if you wanted to skip the dishes or
pJglqdALW_E-00150-00028912-00029127 watch that show chances are you feel
pJglqdALW_E-00151-00029127-00029262 like you can't do these things because
pJglqdALW_E-00152-00029263-00029511 it feels irrevocable which can lead to a
pJglqdALW_E-00153-00029512-00029646 loss of confidence and a sense of
pJglqdALW_E-00154-00029647-00029767 hopelessness
pJglqdALW_E-00155-00029768-00029943 it's helpful to remember that in your
pJglqdALW_E-00156-00029944-00030183 life there are always opportunities for
pJglqdALW_E-00157-00030183-00030414 random spontaneous moments
pJglqdALW_E-00158-00030416-00030639 so as much as possible try avoiding
pJglqdALW_E-00159-00030639-00030839 permanent words and don't be afraid of
pJglqdALW_E-00160-00030839-00031102 opening yourself up to new experiences
pJglqdALW_E-00161-00031103-00031239 and number seven
pJglqdALW_E-00162-00031239-00031511 ignoring your emotional signals
pJglqdALW_E-00163-00031512-00031687 do you try to understand your feelings
pJglqdALW_E-00164-00031688-00031862 or avoid them
pJglqdALW_E-00165-00031863-00032031 rejection and abandonment are
pJglqdALW_E-00166-00032032-00032207 contributing factors to a lack of
pJglqdALW_E-00167-00032208-00032423 self-confidence after all if you don't
pJglqdALW_E-00168-00032424-00032551 try to understand where your own
pJglqdALW_E-00169-00032552-00032774 emotions are coming from chances are you
pJglqdALW_E-00170-00032775-00032935 won't be able to cope or handle them
pJglqdALW_E-00171-00032936-00033062 properly
pJglqdALW_E-00172-00033063-00033311 feelings are feelings they are automatic
pJglqdALW_E-00173-00033312-00033471 and tend to happen whether you like them
pJglqdALW_E-00174-00033472-00033718 or not for this reason it's good to
pJglqdALW_E-00175-00033719-00033943 acknowledge and identify why you're
pJglqdALW_E-00176-00033944-00034207 feeling that certain way if you're sad
pJglqdALW_E-00177-00034208-00034367 try to give some time for yourself to
pJglqdALW_E-00178-00034368-00034671 accept understand and cope with it if
pJglqdALW_E-00179-00034672-00034918 you're happy try to determine why and
pJglqdALW_E-00180-00034919-00035135 show gratitude for it having a good
pJglqdALW_E-00181-00035136-00035318 understanding of your own emotions may
pJglqdALW_E-00182-00035319-00035551 lead to a boost in confidence
pJglqdALW_E-00183-00035552-00035767 did you relate to any of these points
pJglqdALW_E-00184-00035768-00035959 let us know in the comments below if you
pJglqdALW_E-00185-00035960-00036127 found this video helpful be sure to like
pJglqdALW_E-00186-00036128-00036287 subscribe and share this video with
pJglqdALW_E-00187-00036288-00036423 those who might benefit from it and
pJglqdALW_E-00188-00036424-00036551 don't forget to hit the notification
pJglqdALW_E-00189-00036552-00036743 bell icon to get notified whenever
pJglqdALW_E-00190-00036744-00036983 psych2go posts a new video as always the
pJglqdALW_E-00191-00036984-00037127 references and studies used in this
pJglqdALW_E-00192-00037128-00037351 video are added in the description below
pJglqdALW_E-00193-00037352-00037495 thanks so much for watching and see you
pJglqdALW_E-00194-00037496-00038430 in our next video
pJglqdALW_E-00195-00038431-00038640 you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00000-00011252-00011633 good evening everyone and welcome to uh
pJFxuJZh4fI-00001-00011634-00011806 tonight's infrastructure safety and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00002-00011807-00012064 growth scrutiny committee
pJFxuJZh4fI-00003-00012065-00012310 um the first item on the agenda are
pJFxuJZh4fI-00004-00012311-00012592 apologies for absence
pJFxuJZh4fI-00005-00012593-00012808 um I have apologies from counselor
pJFxuJZh4fI-00006-00012809-00013279 Richard Ford and councilor Ben price
pJFxuJZh4fI-00007-00013280-00013594 we have Castle Chris Cook substituting
pJFxuJZh4fI-00008-00013595-00013841 for councilor Ford
pJFxuJZh4fI-00009-00013841-00014303 um I've heard that counselor Dan maycock
pJFxuJZh4fI-00010-00014304-00014555 is running slightly light and will be
pJFxuJZh4fI-00011-00014556-00014866 here in 15-20 minutes
pJFxuJZh4fI-00012-00014868-00015136 um just like to say thank you for uh
pJFxuJZh4fI-00013-00015137-00015515 Sarah Daniels and Andrew
pJFxuJZh4fI-00014-00015516-00015641 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00015-00015641-00015919 thank you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00016-00015919-00016163 Cooper sorry
pJFxuJZh4fI-00017-00016163-00016379 um for their work on the committee and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00018-00016380-00016739 just to welcome Roy Rogers and um cancer
pJFxuJZh4fI-00019-00016740-00016889 done my
pJFxuJZh4fI-00020-00016890-00017167 so item two are Declarations of interest
pJFxuJZh4fI-00021-00017168-00017465 uh I've heard of non
pJFxuJZh4fI-00022-00017466-00017549 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00023-00017550-00017765 so we'll move over to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00024-00017766-00018089 item three which is an update from me
pJFxuJZh4fI-00025-00018090-00018358 um there's no minutes for this meeting
pJFxuJZh4fI-00026-00018359-00018653 as the last meeting was previously uh
pJFxuJZh4fI-00027-00018654-00018833 very very close to this one and they've
pJFxuJZh4fI-00028-00018834-00019133 not they've not been completed it as yet
pJFxuJZh4fI-00029-00019134-00019222 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00030-00019223-00019444 foreign
pJFxuJZh4fI-00031-00019445-00019769 so I think we'll move on to item four
pJFxuJZh4fI-00032-00019770-00020027 which is a dual stream recycling service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00033-00020028-00020249 quarterly update if you recall this was
pJFxuJZh4fI-00034-00020250-00020458 something that was um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00035-00020459-00020699 looked at last year and we agreed that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00036-00020700-00020939 there would be quarterly updates on the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00037-00020940-00021280 progress made and also the um updates to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00038-00021281-00021472 the review that was done over the summer
pJFxuJZh4fI-00039-00021473-00021683 so I'm going to hand over to councilor
pJFxuJZh4fI-00040-00021684-00022199 Doyle to introduce
pJFxuJZh4fI-00041-00022200-00022444 thank you councilor Goodall I'm here
pJFxuJZh4fI-00042-00022445-00022721 with Nigel Harris Victoria Woodhouse and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00043-00022722-00022949 Andrew Barrett to update you on the Dual
pJFxuJZh4fI-00044-00022950-00023189 recycling the purpose of the report is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00045-00023190-00023333 to provide the commission with a further
pJFxuJZh4fI-00046-00023334-00023525 update on the Dual recycling collections
pJFxuJZh4fI-00047-00023526-00023705 which were introduced in both talmouth
pJFxuJZh4fI-00048-00023706-00023986 and Lichfield in May the report responds
pJFxuJZh4fI-00049-00023987-00024143 to issues that were raised by members
pJFxuJZh4fI-00050-00024144-00024328 that are last meeting which was held in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00051-00024329-00024550 July on May pass on to Nigel to take you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00052-00024551-00025075 through the report
pJFxuJZh4fI-00053-00025076-00025408 okay uh good evening thank you uh
pJFxuJZh4fI-00054-00025409-00025589 councilor Doyle
pJFxuJZh4fI-00055-00025590-00025918 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00056-00025919-00026189 just to give you um an overview of uh of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00057-00026189-00026405 how things are going at the moment very
pJFxuJZh4fI-00058-00026406-00026590 pleased to advise you that the um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00059-00026591-00026896 service has settled down now and um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00060-00026897-00027052 we're getting
pJFxuJZh4fI-00061-00027054-00027317 um pretty good reliability um service is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00062-00027318-00027443 very much running
pJFxuJZh4fI-00063-00027444-00027689 um in accordance how we planned it
pJFxuJZh4fI-00064-00027689-00027929 um prior to its introduction hopefully
pJFxuJZh4fI-00065-00027930-00028151 you've had chance to see the um the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00066-00028152-00028337 briefing note that that has been
pJFxuJZh4fI-00067-00028338-00028505 circulated
pJFxuJZh4fI-00068-00028506-00028649 um I'm just going to pull out some of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00069-00028650-00028793 the um sort of some of the sort of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00070-00028794-00029099 salient Salient points
pJFxuJZh4fI-00071-00029100-00029446 um say service reliability is good now
pJFxuJZh4fI-00072-00029447-00029746 um rounds have been completed on time in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00073-00029747-00029962 fact generally the recycling service is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00074-00029963-00030196 finishing sort of about an hour earlier
pJFxuJZh4fI-00075-00030197-00030383 than the maximum finishing time of four
pJFxuJZh4fI-00076-00030383-00030527 o'clock
pJFxuJZh4fI-00077-00030527-00030881 um so um that's good news we've got an
pJFxuJZh4fI-00078-00030882-00031157 average of 8.8 Crews working on the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00079-00031158-00031445 service obviously we can't have 0.8 of a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00080-00031445-00031685 crew that what that means is that we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00081-00031686-00031858 have some days with eight Crews and some
pJFxuJZh4fI-00082-00031860-00032099 with nine it just depends on how all the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00083-00032100-00032387 rounds are balanced
pJFxuJZh4fI-00084-00032388-00032602 um the original model that was built a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00085-00032603-00032921 couple of years ago prior to the uh
pJFxuJZh4fI-00086-00032922-00033179 service being approved
pJFxuJZh4fI-00087-00033180-00033377 um predicted we'd need eight and a half
pJFxuJZh4fI-00088-00033378-00033695 Crews so we're not too far away from
pJFxuJZh4fI-00089-00033696-00033983 from the modeling and we're hopeful with
pJFxuJZh4fI-00090-00033984-00034277 a round review planned for uh later this
pJFxuJZh4fI-00091-00034278-00034529 year that we can get a little bit closer
pJFxuJZh4fI-00092-00034530-00034840 to the eight and a half that was modeled
pJFxuJZh4fI-00093-00034841-00035105 um just need some some tweaks here and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00094-00035106-00035315 there but we've also got to be mindful
pJFxuJZh4fI-00095-00035316-00035483 of the fact that we've got a lot of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00096-00035484-00035729 housing housing developments in both
pJFxuJZh4fI-00097-00035730-00036077 Thomas and Litchfield so we're always
pJFxuJZh4fI-00098-00036078-00036305 going to see infrastructure a little bit
pJFxuJZh4fI-00099-00036306-00036490 of a creep on that as we need to serve
pJFxuJZh4fI-00100-00036491-00036743 those new houses one of the pleasing
pJFxuJZh4fI-00101-00036744-00037090 things is that residents seem to have
pJFxuJZh4fI-00102-00037091-00037327 got into the habit of using the service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00103-00037328-00037631 participation is high people are putting
pJFxuJZh4fI-00104-00037632-00037811 their blue bin out with the glass cans
pJFxuJZh4fI-00105-00037812-00038045 and plastic and they're putting out the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00106-00038046-00038423 bank with the with the paper and card
pJFxuJZh4fI-00107-00038424-00038824 um we've had over 7 000 requests for an
pJFxuJZh4fI-00108-00038825-00039065 additional bag which is about
pJFxuJZh4fI-00109-00039066-00039318 um nine percent of households
pJFxuJZh4fI-00110-00039319-00039551 we had a little bit of a backlog for a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00111-00039552-00039718 while but we've generally caught up with
pJFxuJZh4fI-00112-00039719-00039899 that now so anybody who needs that extra
pJFxuJZh4fI-00113-00039900-00040174 bag that's been delivered
pJFxuJZh4fI-00114-00040175-00040480 um interestingly you've got a in your
pJFxuJZh4fI-00115-00040481-00040649 appendix you've got all the statistics
pJFxuJZh4fI-00116-00040650-00040961 there we are starting to see
pJFxuJZh4fI-00117-00040962-00041243 um tonnage of waste generally falling
pJFxuJZh4fI-00118-00041244-00041527 off across the three categories residual
pJFxuJZh4fI-00119-00041528-00041885 Organics and dry so tonnages down we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00120-00041886-00042149 suspect a lot of that is to do with the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00121-00042150-00042430 fact that um everybody was at sort of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00122-00042431-00042790 home for 18 months two years in lockdown
pJFxuJZh4fI-00123-00042791-00042965 so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00124-00042966-00043157 um you know a lot of the activities that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00125-00043158-00043402 were going on at home aren't and also we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00126-00043403-00043577 might be starting to see a little bit of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00127-00043578-00043901 a kick back on the economic cycle
pJFxuJZh4fI-00128-00043902-00044117 um with the households feeling a little
pJFxuJZh4fI-00129-00044118-00044393 bit pinched on on income and probably
pJFxuJZh4fI-00130-00044394-00044674 not buying as much as many goods and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00131-00044675-00044921 things as they used to so generally all
pJFxuJZh4fI-00132-00044922-00045161 the tonnages are down Garden wasters
pJFxuJZh4fI-00133-00045162-00045311 took a bit of a hit we had a very very
pJFxuJZh4fI-00134-00045312-00045574 dry summer and um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00135-00045575-00045839 the grass basically stopped growing for
pJFxuJZh4fI-00136-00045840-00046073 about two months so you've got a table
pJFxuJZh4fI-00137-00046074-00046265 there that shows where we are with all
pJFxuJZh4fI-00138-00046266-00046523 the um all the statistics
pJFxuJZh4fI-00139-00046524-00046865 um again building on the um the resident
pJFxuJZh4fI-00140-00046866-00047080 participation we're seeing the quality
pJFxuJZh4fI-00141-00047081-00047302 of the material is is really good
pJFxuJZh4fI-00142-00047303-00047590 because we're using the bag the paper
pJFxuJZh4fI-00143-00047591-00047837 and card is as pure as you can possibly
pJFxuJZh4fI-00144-00047838-00048035 get because the crew have the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00145-00048036-00048377 opportunity to inspect that bag I don't
pJFxuJZh4fI-00146-00048378-00048490 know if you've seen the trucks in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00147-00048491-00048683 operation we use a slave bin on the back
pJFxuJZh4fI-00148-00048684-00048971 so the bag is picked up checked and then
pJFxuJZh4fI-00149-00048972-00049174 tipped into a slave bin before being
pJFxuJZh4fI-00150-00049175-00049390 tipped into the back of the truck so the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00151-00049391-00049577 crews really do have an opportunity to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00152-00049578-00049708 pull anything out of there that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00153-00049709-00049979 shouldn't be there so the the paper and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00154-00049980-00050399 cards getting very close to 99 100 pure
pJFxuJZh4fI-00155-00050400-00050621 which is what the market demanded and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00156-00050622-00050836 was the main driver for changing the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00157-00050837-00051065 service because the paper and cars got
pJFxuJZh4fI-00158-00051066-00051292 contaminated in the blue bin with
pJFxuJZh4fI-00159-00051294-00051623 liquids and all sorts of other things
pJFxuJZh4fI-00160-00051624-00051773 um the contamination rates and the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00161-00051774-00052007 report are those for the blue bin so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00162-00052008-00052252 you're seeing us around about 8.8
pJFxuJZh4fI-00163-00052253-00052469 percent but a lot of that contamination
pJFxuJZh4fI-00164-00052470-00052666 is people still putting a bit of paper
pJFxuJZh4fI-00165-00052667-00052949 and card in the blue bin and we have to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00166-00052950-00053159 keep working with residents to to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00167-00053160-00053380 re-reaffirm
pJFxuJZh4fI-00168-00053382-00053650 um how they should be um using the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00169-00053651-00053825 service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00170-00053826-00053987 um so that's really
pJFxuJZh4fI-00171-00053988-00054185 um the issues on the on the actual
pJFxuJZh4fI-00172-00054186-00054454 service there are some other matters in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00173-00054455-00054725 the report that I can touch on
pJFxuJZh4fI-00174-00054726-00054911 um I was asked last time where we are
pJFxuJZh4fI-00175-00054912-00055259 with the issue of the bag and its size
pJFxuJZh4fI-00176-00055260-00055613 um we're still taking advice from a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00177-00055614-00055823 solicitor Lichfield has employed the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00178-00055824-00056015 solicitor on behalf of all the other
pJFxuJZh4fI-00179-00056016-00056291 Staffordshire authorities that did a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00180-00056291-00056647 joint procurement it was Canuck staffs
pJFxuJZh4fI-00181-00056648-00057065 e-staffs obviously us and Lichfield so I
pJFxuJZh4fI-00182-00057066-00057215 can't really share much more at the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00183-00057216-00057413 moment because there's legal sensitivity
pJFxuJZh4fI-00184-00057414-00057611 there but hopefully we can give an
pJFxuJZh4fI-00185-00057612-00057876 update at the next meeting
pJFxuJZh4fI-00186-00057877-00058157 further work associated with the rollout
pJFxuJZh4fI-00187-00058158-00058279 of the service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00188-00058279-00058535 we've got something it's about three
pJFxuJZh4fI-00189-00058536-00058787 three and a half thousand properties
pJFxuJZh4fI-00190-00058788-00059057 that have communal bin Stores
pJFxuJZh4fI-00191-00059058-00059242 um they didn't go onto the service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00192-00059244-00059459 straight away because the amount of work
pJFxuJZh4fI-00193-00059460-00059650 that needs to be done to convert them
pJFxuJZh4fI-00194-00059651-00059879 from the old scheme to the new we have
pJFxuJZh4fI-00195-00059879-00060066 to visit inspect
pJFxuJZh4fI-00196-00060067-00060388 order new Bins liaise with the residents
pJFxuJZh4fI-00197-00060389-00060737 we're working through sort of 200 parent
pJFxuJZh4fI-00198-00060738-00061037 properties as we call it to get those
pJFxuJZh4fI-00199-00061038-00061204 converted over it's going to take
pJFxuJZh4fI-00200-00061205-00061457 probably at least five months so they're
pJFxuJZh4fI-00201-00061458-00061600 still on most of those are still on
pJFxuJZh4fI-00202-00061601-00061804 single stream at the moment but we're
pJFxuJZh4fI-00203-00061805-00061991 gradually converting them over to dual
pJFxuJZh4fI-00204-00061991-00062188 stream they've always been probably our
pJFxuJZh4fI-00205-00062189-00062375 most challenging properties to get the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00206-00062376-00062615 quality right but now they've got a dual
pJFxuJZh4fI-00207-00062616-00062825 bin system going in they're having a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00208-00062826-00063076 purple bin for paper and card and the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00209-00063077-00063215 blue have been for glass cans and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00210-00063216-00063461 plastic we're hoping that we can get the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00211-00063462-00063665 quality up to the same standards the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00212-00063666-00063792 rest of the district
pJFxuJZh4fI-00213-00063794-00064054 another issue we talked about at last
pJFxuJZh4fI-00214-00064055-00064337 scrutiny was the national shortage of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00215-00064338-00064715 drivers hgv drivers every Council and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00216-00064716-00065141 anybody else who uses H3 hgv drivers has
pJFxuJZh4fI-00217-00065141-00065332 found it very very difficult to recruit
pJFxuJZh4fI-00218-00065333-00065650 and retain over the last couple of years
pJFxuJZh4fI-00219-00065651-00065921 I'm pleased to say we've embarked on a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00220-00065922-00066215 driver training strategy now whereby
pJFxuJZh4fI-00221-00066216-00066467 we're actively encouraging loaders who
pJFxuJZh4fI-00222-00066468-00066773 are our existing employees to train up
pJFxuJZh4fI-00223-00066774-00067079 to be hgv drivers I think we've got nine
pJFxuJZh4fI-00224-00067080-00067349 in the pipeline it's a bit of a slow
pJFxuJZh4fI-00225-00067350-00067553 burner because they've got to have a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00226-00067554-00067775 medical they've got to get their
pJFxuJZh4fI-00227-00067776-00068065 provisional license they've then got to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00228-00068066-00068423 go through a series of tests
pJFxuJZh4fI-00229-00068424-00068644 um and then do a full training course
pJFxuJZh4fI-00230-00068645-00068903 and even then we still have to be very
pJFxuJZh4fI-00231-00068904-00069088 careful about letting them loose on the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00232-00069089-00069311 road it's like anybody who passes the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00233-00069312-00069503 car test to start with you're probably
pJFxuJZh4fI-00234-00069504-00069719 at your most unsafe in those first few
pJFxuJZh4fI-00235-00069720-00069976 weeks and months so it's a matter of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00236-00069977-00070181 mentoring and coaching them to become
pJFxuJZh4fI-00237-00070182-00070456 safe and efficient drivers so we've got
pJFxuJZh4fI-00238-00070457-00070637 nine at the moment
pJFxuJZh4fI-00239-00070638-00070835 um hopefully all of those we can be
pJFxuJZh4fI-00240-00070836-00071038 converted into drivers and they're the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00241-00071039-00071231 next issue is to try and keep them going
pJFxuJZh4fI-00242-00071232-00071555 forward to stay employees of the joint
pJFxuJZh4fI-00243-00071556-00071741 rate service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00244-00071742-00072023 um the last issue I'd got it was task to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00245-00072024-00072299 um to bring to this committee was plans
pJFxuJZh4fI-00246-00072300-00072467 for Christmas
pJFxuJZh4fI-00247-00072468-00072671 um Christmas collections
pJFxuJZh4fI-00248-00072672-00072850 um almost a challenging time of year for
pJFxuJZh4fI-00249-00072851-00073163 us because we lose three bank holidays
pJFxuJZh4fI-00250-00073164-00073373 and everybody likes they've put out
pJFxuJZh4fI-00251-00073374-00073606 twice as much waste so we have to have a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00252-00073607-00073900 very robust plan we did put the um the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00253-00073901-00074147 basics of a plan into this paper but um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00254-00074148-00074393 I had to change it unfortunately
pJFxuJZh4fI-00255-00074394-00074537 um because
pJFxuJZh4fI-00256-00074538-00074747 um we can't get the Tipping facilities
pJFxuJZh4fI-00257-00074748-00074969 to stay open long enough on Christmas
pJFxuJZh4fI-00258-00074970-00075250 Eve for us to take the risk of using
pJFxuJZh4fI-00259-00075251-00075509 that day so um so we're gonna have to go
pJFxuJZh4fI-00260-00075510-00075673 back and have a little bit of a rethink
pJFxuJZh4fI-00261-00075674-00075899 the facilities want to shut at 12
pJFxuJZh4fI-00262-00075900-00076144 o'clock and I fully understand why so we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00263-00076145-00076415 were proposing to bring the um sort of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00264-00076416-00076673 the 20s the Monday the 26th forward to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00265-00076674-00076955 the 24th that can't happen now because
pJFxuJZh4fI-00266-00076956-00077141 we will be working till sort of three
pJFxuJZh4fI-00267-00077142-00077417 four o'clock that day without tipping
pJFxuJZh4fI-00268-00077418-00077650 facilities we can't do that we've got a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00269-00077651-00078005 meeting tomorrow to to come forward with
pJFxuJZh4fI-00270-00078006-00078400 with Plan B which I would share with you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00271-00078401-00078719 um when that's that's finalized one of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00272-00078720-00078971 the issues we've got to look at is not
pJFxuJZh4fI-00273-00078972-00079144 only communicating with the residents
pJFxuJZh4fI-00274-00079145-00079331 but we suspect there'll be quite a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00275-00079332-00079631 little extra card out on the streets so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00276-00079632-00079817 it's trying to get the right level of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00277-00079818-00080081 infrastructure to make sure that we um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00278-00080082-00080344 we get all the collections done but as I
pJFxuJZh4fI-00279-00080345-00080500 say we've got a meeting tomorrow to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00280-00080501-00080759 discuss that and I think that's uh
pJFxuJZh4fI-00281-00080760-00080921 that's all I've got to say I'm happy to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00282-00080922-00081232 take take any questions thank you thanks
pJFxuJZh4fI-00283-00081233-00081376 thanks Nigel
pJFxuJZh4fI-00284-00081377-00081443 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00285-00081444-00081694 before bringing other members in I just
pJFxuJZh4fI-00286-00081695-00081881 got a couple of comments actually
pJFxuJZh4fI-00287-00081882-00081953 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00288-00081954-00082109 I think it's encouraging to see the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00289-00082110-00082409 amount of Miss Bin's sort of um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00290-00082410-00082576 going down
pJFxuJZh4fI-00291-00082577-00082655 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00292-00082656-00082937 it's interesting that contaminated seems
pJFxuJZh4fI-00293-00082938-00083111 to be saying about the same but I think
pJFxuJZh4fI-00294-00083112-00083309 what would be useful perhaps for the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00295-00083310-00083555 committee is that if the if the data was
pJFxuJZh4fI-00296-00083556-00083747 presented in perhaps a more graphical
pJFxuJZh4fI-00297-00083748-00083987 format rather than just as a table
pJFxuJZh4fI-00298-00083988-00084185 because we might be able to sort of see
pJFxuJZh4fI-00299-00084186-00084455 the the trends a little bit easier
pJFxuJZh4fI-00300-00084456-00084581 um so I think if you could take that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00301-00084582-00084719 back
pJFxuJZh4fI-00302-00084720-00084803 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00303-00084804-00085055 because it does make it a little bit
pJFxuJZh4fI-00304-00085056-00085235 tricky to see the trends
pJFxuJZh4fI-00305-00085236-00085294 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00306-00085295-00085679 the blue bag and the size of it and you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00307-00085680-00085841 mentioned that it's it's going through a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00308-00085842-00086069 legal process do we have a timeline for
pJFxuJZh4fI-00309-00086070-00086243 when that might be resolved
pJFxuJZh4fI-00310-00086244-00086411 I've actually got a meeting with the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00311-00086412-00086705 solicitor tomorrow to discuss how we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00312-00086706-00086975 might take the matter forward so be able
pJFxuJZh4fI-00313-00086976-00087179 to give a good update and okay you know
pJFxuJZh4fI-00314-00087180-00087437 on that in due course okay thank you and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00315-00087438-00087719 then uh just my last question which
pJFxuJZh4fI-00316-00087720-00087923 might be for for Andrew
pJFxuJZh4fI-00317-00087924-00088271 um the independent review uh when when
pJFxuJZh4fI-00318-00088272-00088481 will that be sort of published and we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00319-00088482-00089153 can gets out of it I guess
pJFxuJZh4fI-00320-00089154-00089285 um yeah I was going to just perhaps
pJFxuJZh4fI-00321-00089286-00089429 comment on on that because I think it's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00322-00089430-00089573 it's an important part I'm going to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00323-00089574-00089753 suggest that uh a written reports
pJFxuJZh4fI-00324-00089754-00089950 brought at the next quarter
pJFxuJZh4fI-00325-00089951-00090311 um but in in brief the report considered
pJFxuJZh4fI-00326-00090312-00090532 a lot of the areas so that's actually in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00327-00090533-00090706 the in the briefing notes
pJFxuJZh4fI-00328-00090707-00090965 um in front of members today so it's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00329-00090966-00091156 around round reviews making sure it's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00330-00091157-00091421 fifth purpose making sure it's um it's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00331-00091422-00091612 got sufficient capacity but not too much
pJFxuJZh4fI-00332-00091613-00091793 capacity
pJFxuJZh4fI-00333-00091794-00092081 um comms public information campaign is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00334-00092082-00092188 it robust
pJFxuJZh4fI-00335-00092189-00092381 can it be done better can it be done
pJFxuJZh4fI-00336-00092382-00092562 differently
pJFxuJZh4fI-00337-00092563-00092879 looking at utilization of data there's a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00338-00092880-00093088 whole wealth of data in in the service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00339-00093089-00093347 that's literally collects bins
pJFxuJZh4fI-00340-00093348-00093556 um we need to be more
pJFxuJZh4fI-00341-00093557-00093629 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00342-00093630-00093875 more cognizant with um with actually
pJFxuJZh4fI-00343-00093876-00094109 relying on data to drive the service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00344-00094110-00094225 forward
pJFxuJZh4fI-00345-00094226-00094600 and then areas around the facilities
pJFxuJZh4fI-00346-00094601-00094865 that service uses as well for disposal
pJFxuJZh4fI-00347-00094866-00095231 making sure they're suitable available
pJFxuJZh4fI-00348-00095232-00095453 um and to some extent it's a difficult
pJFxuJZh4fI-00349-00095454-00095615 one because they're they're fixed where
pJFxuJZh4fI-00350-00095616-00095879 they are but making you know making use
pJFxuJZh4fI-00351-00095880-00096179 of all opportunities with that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00352-00096180-00096418 some of the good points that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00353-00096419-00096665 um I think it's you know it it has
pJFxuJZh4fI-00354-00096666-00096929 highlighted is that contamination levels
pJFxuJZh4fI-00355-00096930-00097144 have come down if members recall that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00356-00097145-00097294 was one of the key elements for doing
pJFxuJZh4fI-00357-00097295-00097450 this was that you get a better quality
pJFxuJZh4fI-00358-00097451-00097685 product and that has
pJFxuJZh4fI-00359-00097686-00097841 um that has been an outcome of this
pJFxuJZh4fI-00360-00097842-00098188 despite some of the um the issues we've
pJFxuJZh4fI-00361-00098189-00098471 experienced and then finally
pJFxuJZh4fI-00362-00098472-00098615 um there will be an action plan coming
pJFxuJZh4fI-00363-00098616-00098782 out of this which is going to be
pJFxuJZh4fI-00364-00098783-00099076 measurable for the service to um to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00365-00099077-00099311 deliver some of which Nigel's mentioned
pJFxuJZh4fI-00366-00099312-00099449 already
pJFxuJZh4fI-00367-00099450-00099521 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00368-00099522-00099755 so I think that's probably all I can say
pJFxuJZh4fI-00369-00099756-00099929 on that at this point if that's okay
pJFxuJZh4fI-00370-00099930-00100085 Jeff
pJFxuJZh4fI-00371-00100086-00100403 thanks Andrew and yeah I think um we'll
pJFxuJZh4fI-00372-00100404-00100667 look forward to that that report
pJFxuJZh4fI-00373-00100668-00100823 um for us to digest at the next meeting
pJFxuJZh4fI-00374-00100824-00101087 so thank you uh questions or comments
pJFxuJZh4fI-00375-00101088-00101465 from other members of the committee
pJFxuJZh4fI-00376-00101466-00101711 John
pJFxuJZh4fI-00377-00101712-00101897 thank you uh just a very very quick one
pJFxuJZh4fI-00378-00101898-00102250 uh just a point on the on the blue bags
pJFxuJZh4fI-00379-00102251-00102563 can I ask you how is the quality of the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00380-00102564-00102910 the blue bags uh stacking up
pJFxuJZh4fI-00381-00102911-00103121 um I asked really from a personal point
pJFxuJZh4fI-00382-00103122-00103360 of view because my own the velcro has
pJFxuJZh4fI-00383-00103361-00103666 all come off and it's perhaps you don't
pJFxuJZh4fI-00384-00103667-00103756 know
pJFxuJZh4fI-00385-00103757-00104015 um is this a widespread problem
pJFxuJZh4fI-00386-00104016-00104260 um a design fault or something or is it
pJFxuJZh4fI-00387-00104261-00104549 going to be addressed in the future if
pJFxuJZh4fI-00388-00104550-00104699 indeed this is a widespread problem
pJFxuJZh4fI-00389-00104700-00104921 thank you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00390-00104922-00105184 thank you we are aware that with any
pJFxuJZh4fI-00391-00105185-00105323 product
pJFxuJZh4fI-00392-00105324-00105569 um you do get um a certain percentage
pJFxuJZh4fI-00393-00105570-00105851 where there's there's issues
pJFxuJZh4fI-00394-00105852-00106019 um it doesn't appear to be a widespread
pJFxuJZh4fI-00395-00106020-00106169 problem
pJFxuJZh4fI-00396-00106170-00106475 um we've we've taken a few
pJFxuJZh4fI-00397-00106476-00106799 um complaints on on specification but
pJFxuJZh4fI-00398-00106800-00107057 very simple if you've got an issue we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00399-00107058-00107225 will replace the bag for you've got
pJFxuJZh4fI-00400-00107226-00107521 several thousand still in stock
pJFxuJZh4fI-00401-00107522-00107831 obviously time will tell how long they
pJFxuJZh4fI-00402-00107832-00108173 are um become usable for we when we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00403-00108174-00108443 built the service we um we anticipated
pJFxuJZh4fI-00404-00108444-00108743 we get a turnover of around 10 per annum
pJFxuJZh4fI-00405-00108744-00108958 but we'd need to replace because
pJFxuJZh4fI-00406-00108959-00109145 obviously they're subject to all the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00407-00109146-00109295 elements and the continually being
pJFxuJZh4fI-00408-00109296-00109583 turned upside down to be emptied
pJFxuJZh4fI-00409-00109583-00109702 um I think I'd probably be able to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00410-00109703-00109877 answer that a little bit better in a few
pJFxuJZh4fI-00411-00109878-00110027 months time
pJFxuJZh4fI-00412-00110028-00110195 um we've only really gone through the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00413-00110196-00110339 summer period it'll be interesting to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00414-00110340-00110501 see how the bags
pJFxuJZh4fI-00415-00110502-00110777 um get through the winter but um well we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00416-00110778-00111010 did when we specked the the bags for the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00417-00111011-00111202 procurement obviously we went for the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00418-00111203-00111449 standard Hessian type bag the stitching
pJFxuJZh4fI-00419-00111450-00111701 the specification was laid out but when
pJFxuJZh4fI-00420-00111702-00111936 you're buying sort of 100 000 of them
pJFxuJZh4fI-00421-00111938-00112133 you're always going to have a certain
pJFxuJZh4fI-00422-00112133-00112331 percentage on quality issues they're
pJFxuJZh4fI-00423-00112332-00112625 handmade as well so um but it's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00424-00112626-00112823 something we'll keep an eye on WE Vicky
pJFxuJZh4fI-00425-00112824-00113015 and I can monitor the statistics there
pJFxuJZh4fI-00426-00113016-00113219 we can see how many we get but we're not
pJFxuJZh4fI-00427-00113220-00113452 being not a massive Rush of people
pJFxuJZh4fI-00428-00113453-00113675 complaining about it
pJFxuJZh4fI-00429-00113676-00113878 um most people are asking for an
pJFxuJZh4fI-00430-00113879-00114058 additional bag because they're producing
pJFxuJZh4fI-00431-00114059-00114304 more paper and car rather than a fault
pJFxuJZh4fI-00432-00114305-00114436 with the bag
pJFxuJZh4fI-00433-00114438-00114634 kitten
pJFxuJZh4fI-00434-00114635-00114790 thank you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00435-00114791-00115073 Michelle
pJFxuJZh4fI-00436-00115074-00115354 thank you chat so three questions from
pJFxuJZh4fI-00437-00115355-00115810 myself so on appendix a where you've got
pJFxuJZh4fI-00438-00115811-00116069 the contaminated recycling bins and the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00439-00116070-00116177 numbers
pJFxuJZh4fI-00440-00116178-00116315 how many of those are the same
pJFxuJZh4fI-00441-00116316-00116621 properties I.E is it repeat offenders or
pJFxuJZh4fI-00442-00116622-00116789 is it
pJFxuJZh4fI-00443-00116790-00116969 individual households if that makes
pJFxuJZh4fI-00444-00116970-00117383 sense that's the first question
pJFxuJZh4fI-00445-00117383-00117575 I'm more than happy to ask all three and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00446-00117576-00117773 then you can the honest answer I don't
pJFxuJZh4fI-00447-00117774-00118043 know for sure but as Andrew mentioned
pJFxuJZh4fI-00448-00118044-00118265 we're being encouraged to produce more
pJFxuJZh4fI-00449-00118266-00118534 and more data in detail that's something
pJFxuJZh4fI-00450-00118535-00118781 we can look to do in in future and let's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00451-00118782-00119140 see how many are um second and third we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00452-00119141-00119297 will have the data in the office but
pJFxuJZh4fI-00453-00119298-00119495 it's not in the table so I can't give
pJFxuJZh4fI-00454-00119496-00119639 you an accurate figure at the moment
pJFxuJZh4fI-00455-00119640-00119866 maybe Vicky can give you a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00456-00119867-00120058 better update
pJFxuJZh4fI-00457-00120059-00120334 we're currently looking at a system
pJFxuJZh4fI-00458-00120335-00120539 within the we have a system called
pJFxuJZh4fI-00459-00120540-00120749 bartek and we're looking at a process
pJFxuJZh4fI-00460-00120750-00120958 that they can put together which will
pJFxuJZh4fI-00461-00120959-00121210 record each time at the moment the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00462-00121211-00121486 cruise report contamination and we do
pJFxuJZh4fI-00463-00121488-00121643 know but what we're going to look at is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00464-00121644-00121810 a process where they do an attribute and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00465-00121811-00121973 then we can send a letter out and then
pJFxuJZh4fI-00466-00121974-00122158 if it happens again it'll tell us again
pJFxuJZh4fI-00467-00122159-00122308 and we can send another letter out so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00468-00122309-00122489 then we'll have a better idea of whether
pJFxuJZh4fI-00469-00122490-00122686 it's people just going to run there's a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00470-00122688-00122813 one-off or whether it's an ongoing
pJFxuJZh4fI-00471-00122814-00122971 problem
pJFxuJZh4fI-00472-00122972-00123197 just just to make a comment on that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00473-00123198-00123334 actually I think that is important
pJFxuJZh4fI-00474-00123335-00123593 information that we do do record moving
pJFxuJZh4fI-00475-00123594-00123778 forward I think
pJFxuJZh4fI-00476-00123779-00124157 give us a better picture of things
pJFxuJZh4fI-00477-00124158-00124402 thanks no I completely agree it's the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00478-00124403-00124516 type of thing especially when there is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00479-00124517-00124708 only limited resources in terms of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00480-00124709-00124852 following up I know it says in the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00481-00124853-00125099 reports about the fact that doing a kind
pJFxuJZh4fI-00482-00125100-00125236 of campaign in terms of writing out to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00483-00125238-00125507 people and visiting people if it's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00484-00125508-00125740 50 houses you can visit those if it's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00485-00125741-00126028 300 it's an awful lot harder so it's um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00486-00126029-00126184 yeah so that'll be really good for the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00487-00126185-00126401 next time there's an update
pJFxuJZh4fI-00488-00126402-00126640 um the other two questions
pJFxuJZh4fI-00489-00126641-00126808 um one was going back to the short we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00490-00126809-00127054 were saying about Christmas
pJFxuJZh4fI-00491-00127055-00127301 with the fact we've got numerous bags in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00492-00127302-00127481 storage is there any plans to any sort
pJFxuJZh4fI-00493-00127482-00127678 of communication to say to people if you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00494-00127679-00127847 need an extra bag
pJFxuJZh4fI-00495-00127848-00128171 at all this is available I
pJFxuJZh4fI-00496-00128172-00128483 hang it on the hook of Christmas
pJFxuJZh4fI-00497-00128483-00128651 but actually again repeating it because
pJFxuJZh4fI-00498-00128652-00128813 that wasn't something that is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00499-00128814-00129040 necessarily particularly well known that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00500-00129041-00129286 people can ask for the bags
pJFxuJZh4fI-00501-00129288-00129557 obviously 10 or 9 of people have asked
pJFxuJZh4fI-00502-00129558-00129689 for them so there's people that are
pJFxuJZh4fI-00503-00129690-00129940 phoning up but if it can be some sort of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00504-00129941-00130097 comms to say
pJFxuJZh4fI-00505-00130098-00130234 do that that would be really really
pJFxuJZh4fI-00506-00130235-00130421 useful
pJFxuJZh4fI-00507-00130422-00130678 yes thank you I um I actually contacted
pJFxuJZh4fI-00508-00130679-00131008 Newcastle um underlying
pJFxuJZh4fI-00509-00131009-00131237 um a couple of weeks ago to see how
pJFxuJZh4fI-00510-00131238-00131437 they'd got on with previous Christmases
pJFxuJZh4fI-00511-00131438-00131716 and what they did is a warm-up through
pJFxuJZh4fI-00512-00131717-00131987 November December where they because of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00513-00131988-00132166 black is it Black Friday and other
pJFxuJZh4fI-00514-00132167-00132395 events they start they start to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00515-00132396-00132575 encourage their residents to think about
pJFxuJZh4fI-00516-00132576-00132857 how to dispose of the card and one of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00517-00132858-00133049 their themes is encouraging people to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00518-00133050-00133427 have more um more bags Etc if they need
pJFxuJZh4fI-00519-00133428-00133702 them and thinking about you know the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00520-00133703-00133954 capacity issues so um I've had the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00521-00133955-00134116 information from Newcastle and have a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00522-00134117-00134351 look at it and see how best we design
pJFxuJZh4fI-00523-00134352-00134561 our comms in sort of the lead up to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00524-00134562-00134740 Christmas we're obviously nervous at
pJFxuJZh4fI-00525-00134741-00134861 Christmas because it's our first
pJFxuJZh4fI-00526-00134862-00135125 Christmas on Dual stream and we want to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00527-00135126-00135407 get it right but it's just balancing the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00528-00135408-00135577 right level of instruction
pJFxuJZh4fI-00529-00135578-00135863 infrastructure in columns each area is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00530-00135864-00136145 unique so we can't just rest on our
pJFxuJZh4fI-00531-00136146-00136301 Laurels and take a model from another
pJFxuJZh4fI-00532-00136302-00136547 Authority we try to learn what's best
pJFxuJZh4fI-00533-00136548-00136727 practice and apply it in town with the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00534-00136728-00136895 Litchfield
pJFxuJZh4fI-00535-00136896-00137128 Steve
pJFxuJZh4fI-00536-00137129-00137321 just one point as a customer of the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00537-00137322-00137554 service I actually ordered a second bag
pJFxuJZh4fI-00538-00137555-00137747 and it was here within a couple of days
pJFxuJZh4fI-00539-00137748-00137951 and that was last week or the week
pJFxuJZh4fI-00540-00137952-00138119 before so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00541-00138120-00138316 um the timing for the delivery of the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00542-00138317-00138539 bags is quite quick I know when I
pJFxuJZh4fI-00543-00138540-00138887 personally delivered possibly
pJFxuJZh4fI-00544-00138888-00139121 um but I do agree heading up towards
pJFxuJZh4fI-00545-00139122-00139289 Christmas there should be some sort of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00546-00139290-00139481 Advance comes warning people around
pJFxuJZh4fI-00547-00139482-00139787 about now early November to put an order
pJFxuJZh4fI-00548-00139788-00139925 in if they're going to need one thank
pJFxuJZh4fI-00549-00139926-00140081 you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00550-00140082-00140440 Michelle thanks Steve for that Edition
pJFxuJZh4fI-00551-00140441-00140651 thanks I remember my final one was where
pJFxuJZh4fI-00552-00140652-00140873 it's got on the um on the main report
pJFxuJZh4fI-00553-00140874-00141209 section two where he's got about the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00554-00141210-00141347 cost of the additional um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00555-00141348-00141575 infrastructures currently about 1100
pJFxuJZh4fI-00556-00141576-00141863 pounds a week it's got It's taken from
pJFxuJZh4fI-00557-00141864-00142133 budget savings an additional income
pJFxuJZh4fI-00558-00142134-00142289 can you explain a little bit more about
pJFxuJZh4fI-00559-00142290-00142535 the additional income and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00560-00142536-00142835 especially kind of the impacts of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00561-00142836-00143116 recycling prices Etc what's that looking
pJFxuJZh4fI-00562-00143117-00143393 is it stacking up okay because the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00563-00143394-00143777 quality of the recycling is is excellent
pJFxuJZh4fI-00564-00143778-00143963 um we've got a good demand for that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00565-00143964-00144389 material prices had held up pretty well
pJFxuJZh4fI-00566-00144390-00144581 um through the last few months as we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00567-00144582-00144869 came out of um covid demand for
pJFxuJZh4fI-00568-00144870-00145090 materials was going through the roof had
pJFxuJZh4fI-00569-00145091-00145390 a bit of a tail off now with the Ukraine
pJFxuJZh4fI-00570-00145391-00145607 war so we're starting to see a dip and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00571-00145608-00145913 obviously potential recessions so we've
pJFxuJZh4fI-00572-00145914-00146201 actually done quite well in the first um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00573-00146202-00146411 sort of couple of quarters on on income
pJFxuJZh4fI-00574-00146412-00146614 and that's how we're balancing the books
pJFxuJZh4fI-00575-00146615-00146849 we depend on an awful lot of income
pJFxuJZh4fI-00576-00146850-00147077 you've got it from our garden Waste
pJFxuJZh4fI-00577-00147078-00147239 Service you've got it from recycling
pJFxuJZh4fI-00578-00147240-00147419 credits
pJFxuJZh4fI-00579-00147420-00147575 um and as I say you've got it from the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00580-00147576-00147857 sale of materials obviously we're we're
pJFxuJZh4fI-00581-00147858-00148259 seeing um obviously on our supply side
pJFxuJZh4fI-00582-00148260-00148399 in terms of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00583-00148400-00148685 materials and fuel etc those prices have
pJFxuJZh4fI-00584-00148686-00148961 been going up but um but hopefully
pJFxuJZh4fI-00585-00148962-00149147 there's enough income coming in to make
pJFxuJZh4fI-00586-00149148-00149266 sure you've still got a little bit of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00587-00149267-00149452 leeway in the budgets to fund these
pJFxuJZh4fI-00588-00149453-00149789 things
pJFxuJZh4fI-00589-00149790-00149999 Paul
pJFxuJZh4fI-00590-00150000-00150227 thank you chair thank you for that uh
pJFxuJZh4fI-00591-00150228-00150551 update uh my uh question really was a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00592-00150552-00150769 little bit on the strategy of um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00593-00150770-00150995 obviously your revenues comes in from
pJFxuJZh4fI-00594-00150996-00151114 what you've sell
pJFxuJZh4fI-00595-00151115-00151354 uh which is all dependent on the supply
pJFxuJZh4fI-00596-00151355-00151552 that comes in from the and as you can
pJFxuJZh4fI-00597-00151553-00151709 see and you've just mentioned that there
pJFxuJZh4fI-00598-00151710-00151907 could be a recession and people being a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00599-00151908-00152104 bit more uh cautious on what they buy
pJFxuJZh4fI-00600-00152105-00152333 and what they spend so how does that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00601-00152334-00152590 long term do you have any plans for the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00602-00152591-00152807 long term affect the strategy of this
pJFxuJZh4fI-00603-00152808-00152914 service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00604-00152915-00153101 secondly
pJFxuJZh4fI-00605-00153102-00153197 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00606-00153198-00153437 what is the life cycle of a bag has
pJFxuJZh4fI-00607-00153438-00153695 anybody looked at it anybody analyzed it
pJFxuJZh4fI-00608-00153696-00153887 and and if it is two years three years
pJFxuJZh4fI-00609-00153888-00154090 or four years that's a cost that's going
pJFxuJZh4fI-00610-00154091-00154457 to be obviously included at some point
pJFxuJZh4fI-00611-00154458-00154745 and final question really is uh the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00612-00154746-00154937 demand for Christmas I mean it is three
pJFxuJZh4fI-00613-00154938-00155087 months away
pJFxuJZh4fI-00614-00155088-00155273 um it's not only
pJFxuJZh4fI-00615-00155274-00155549 going to be a busier time which may or
pJFxuJZh4fI-00616-00155550-00155747 may not lead you having overtime and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00617-00155748-00155939 more resources or more drivers on agency
pJFxuJZh4fI-00618-00155940-00156131 or whatever
pJFxuJZh4fI-00619-00156132-00156359 um what's your strategy for that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00620-00156360-00156593 nodule just before you come in I just
pJFxuJZh4fI-00621-00156594-00156833 want to make a comment actually on uh on
pJFxuJZh4fI-00622-00156834-00157061 Paul's question as far as the the life
pJFxuJZh4fI-00623-00157062-00157216 cycle of the bag
pJFxuJZh4fI-00624-00157217-00157397 um and it touches on what what John had
pJFxuJZh4fI-00625-00157398-00157661 to say you have mentioned we've got
pJFxuJZh4fI-00626-00157662-00157864 information from Newcastle who obviously
pJFxuJZh4fI-00627-00157865-00158104 brought that the service in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00628-00158105-00158345 um before us a little bit they're more
pJFxuJZh4fI-00629-00158346-00158597 advanced and Stafford as well so we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00630-00158598-00158740 should have that evidence I would
pJFxuJZh4fI-00631-00158741-00158987 imagine so that might be quite good to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00632-00158988-00159125 sort of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00633-00159126-00159221 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00634-00159222-00159485 to perhaps explore in in a bit more
pJFxuJZh4fI-00635-00159486-00159701 detail actually at the next meeting
pJFxuJZh4fI-00636-00159702-00159814 um Andrew
pJFxuJZh4fI-00637-00159815-00160054 it's on the bug life chair personal
pJFxuJZh4fI-00638-00160055-00160331 experience from the Stafford system I
pJFxuJZh4fI-00639-00160332-00160504 think we are now three and a half years
pJFxuJZh4fI-00640-00160505-00160769 in and my bag is pretty much as good as
pJFxuJZh4fI-00641-00160770-00160949 the day it landed on the doorstep so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00642-00160950-00161237 they're quite quite long life from you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00643-00161238-00161489 know a reasonable recycler again that's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00644-00161490-00161909 just a personal experience
pJFxuJZh4fI-00645-00161910-00162125 yeah just go back to the longer term
pJFxuJZh4fI-00646-00162126-00162485 strategy I think what we have learned
pJFxuJZh4fI-00647-00162486-00162833 over the last sort of few years is um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00648-00162834-00163169 is quality over we like to get quantity
pJFxuJZh4fI-00649-00163170-00163511 in but its quality is so important the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00650-00163512-00163690 end of the day if you collect something
pJFxuJZh4fI-00651-00163691-00163931 from your residence that is of poor
pJFxuJZh4fI-00652-00163932-00164189 quality the industry
pJFxuJZh4fI-00653-00164190-00164459 don't really want it and if you can find
pJFxuJZh4fI-00654-00164460-00164669 someone to take it from you you're going
pJFxuJZh4fI-00655-00164670-00164854 to end up paying through a lot of money
pJFxuJZh4fI-00656-00164855-00165095 to get rid of it so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00657-00165096-00165328 um I think we've seen obviously turnages
pJFxuJZh4fI-00658-00165329-00165551 drop a little bit on recycling but we've
pJFxuJZh4fI-00659-00165552-00165719 seen it drop on residual and Organics
pJFxuJZh4fI-00660-00165720-00166025 but what's pleasing us is we've never
pJFxuJZh4fI-00661-00166026-00166235 had a better relationship with the murf
pJFxuJZh4fI-00662-00166236-00166493 than we have now because when we were on
pJFxuJZh4fI-00663-00166494-00166757 single stream constantly getting phone
pJFxuJZh4fI-00664-00166758-00167045 calls being called down there to inspect
pJFxuJZh4fI-00665-00167046-00167321 the material that was going in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00666-00167322-00167543 um relationships were quite strained at
pJFxuJZh4fI-00667-00167544-00167728 times because
pJFxuJZh4fI-00668-00167729-00167914 um you know we weren't delivering to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00669-00167915-00168185 them what they needed to process but
pJFxuJZh4fI-00670-00168186-00168425 let's say the quality is so pleasing if
pJFxuJZh4fI-00671-00168426-00168551 I'd love to be able to State members
pJFxuJZh4fI-00672-00168552-00168790 down to the to the facility if they want
pJFxuJZh4fI-00673-00168791-00168989 to come you look at the paper and card
pJFxuJZh4fI-00674-00168990-00169211 and it looks like paper and card you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00675-00169212-00169325 know how you expect it to look
pJFxuJZh4fI-00676-00169326-00169666 previously it was just it was it was
pJFxuJZh4fI-00677-00169667-00169901 just a mix of materials so I think that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00678-00169902-00170045 always has to be our long-term
pJFxuJZh4fI-00679-00170046-00170231 strategies the government's long-term
pJFxuJZh4fI-00680-00170232-00170387 strategy
pJFxuJZh4fI-00681-00170388-00170590 um this material is only valuable if
pJFxuJZh4fI-00682-00170591-00170825 it's good quality if you take in stuff
pJFxuJZh4fI-00683-00170826-00171119 of poor quality it just ends up you know
pJFxuJZh4fI-00684-00171120-00171304 can end up being incinerated so that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00685-00171305-00171443 that is really
pJFxuJZh4fI-00686-00171444-00171701 um where we see going forward and that's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00687-00171702-00171911 where our education needs to be with the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00688-00171912-00172114 residents letting them know that if we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00689-00172115-00172295 can get the quality right it helps
pJFxuJZh4fI-00690-00172296-00172493 everybody keeps the cost of the service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00691-00172494-00172649 down it's good for the environment
pJFxuJZh4fI-00692-00172650-00172943 something like 15 to 15 percent of our
pJFxuJZh4fI-00693-00172944-00173195 dry recycler has just been thrown away
pJFxuJZh4fI-00694-00173196-00173435 because the quality was so poor once you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00695-00173436-00173585 have paid we're contaminated with
pJFxuJZh4fI-00696-00173586-00173825 liquids and oils there's nothing you can
pJFxuJZh4fI-00697-00173826-00174028 do with it there's no processing that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00698-00174029-00174299 will get get over that so that really is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00699-00174300-00174478 the long-term strategy that's what we're
pJFxuJZh4fI-00700-00174479-00174640 doing with the multi-occupancies that's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00701-00174641-00174875 why we've gone to dual stream and I
pJFxuJZh4fI-00702-00174876-00175114 think that's the way forward for as long
pJFxuJZh4fI-00703-00175115-00175343 as I can see into the future
pJFxuJZh4fI-00704-00175344-00175709 foreign
pJFxuJZh4fI-00705-00175710-00175871 yeah thank you for that I mean the other
pJFxuJZh4fI-00706-00175872-00176045 thought that's that's constantly in my
pJFxuJZh4fI-00707-00176046-00176237 mind is has the government goal posts
pJFxuJZh4fI-00708-00176238-00176404 move and they become more and more
pJFxuJZh4fI-00709-00176405-00176669 challenging for all of us is this this
pJFxuJZh4fI-00710-00176670-00176975 system robust I guess it's robust now
pJFxuJZh4fI-00711-00176976-00177137 I'm thinking five ten years down the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00712-00177138-00177521 line are we going to be you know
pJFxuJZh4fI-00713-00177522-00177709 in a good place yeah the government
pJFxuJZh4fI-00714-00177710-00177988 strategy talks about
pJFxuJZh4fI-00715-00177989-00178138 um without going into too much detail
pJFxuJZh4fI-00716-00178139-00178319 extender extended producer
pJFxuJZh4fI-00717-00178320-00178481 responsibility I don't know if you've
pJFxuJZh4fI-00718-00178482-00178721 heard of that um what that basically
pJFxuJZh4fI-00719-00178722-00179069 means is moving away really from local
pJFxuJZh4fI-00720-00179070-00179351 government paying for the vast majority
pJFxuJZh4fI-00721-00179352-00179638 of the collection and Disposal costs and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00722-00179639-00179831 really saying to the packaging
pJFxuJZh4fI-00723-00179832-00180125 manufacturers you've really got to pick
pJFxuJZh4fI-00724-00180126-00180352 up the bill for this because the end of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00725-00180353-00180526 the day that it's their business their
pJFxuJZh4fI-00726-00180527-00180683 profits
pJFxuJZh4fI-00727-00180684-00181066 um but the um so you will potentially
pJFxuJZh4fI-00728-00181067-00181252 see a flow of money coming through this
pJFxuJZh4fI-00729-00181253-00181499 scheme to local government to to try and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00730-00181500-00181733 offset some of the costs I think we're a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00731-00181734-00181949 good couple of years away from that but
pJFxuJZh4fI-00732-00181950-00182164 that's the government's thinking
pJFxuJZh4fI-00733-00182165-00182495 obviously at the end of the day if the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00734-00182496-00182651 cost gets put on the packaging
pJFxuJZh4fI-00735-00182652-00182873 manufacturers it'll probably come back
pJFxuJZh4fI-00736-00182874-00183154 to the consumers but you'll start to see
pJFxuJZh4fI-00737-00183155-00183359 local government having to pay less of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00738-00183360-00183664 the bill for uh cycling schemes that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00739-00183665-00183814 that's the hope and that was what was in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00740-00183815-00183988 the strategy
pJFxuJZh4fI-00741-00183989-00184211 yeah I work in the classics game so I do
pJFxuJZh4fI-00742-00184212-00184402 know that the beginning they introduced
pJFxuJZh4fI-00743-00184403-00184613 the packaging tax for all all packaging
pJFxuJZh4fI-00744-00184614-00184811 and all that did is if you was putting
pJFxuJZh4fI-00745-00184812-00184973 it in a paint can
pJFxuJZh4fI-00746-00184974-00185207 the price of the paint can why not
pJFxuJZh4fI-00747-00185208-00185452 so your paint went up
pJFxuJZh4fI-00748-00185453-00185747 it didn't make it more or less volumes
pJFxuJZh4fI-00749-00185748-00185987 it you know if that's all Nova want to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00750-00185988-00186149 put five million paint cans out they
pJFxuJZh4fI-00751-00186150-00186281 will
pJFxuJZh4fI-00752-00186282-00186502 so it is a little bit different to look
pJFxuJZh4fI-00753-00186503-00186664 at whether the stream of money is going
pJFxuJZh4fI-00754-00186665-00186851 to come back from the government
pJFxuJZh4fI-00755-00186852-00187126 whether it's supply and demand is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00756-00187127-00187319 reduced because they put the price up is
pJFxuJZh4fI-00757-00187320-00187595 another matter I'm not convinced
pJFxuJZh4fI-00758-00187596-00188026 but thanks for your update Steve
pJFxuJZh4fI-00759-00188027-00188237 just a couple of points on that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00760-00188238-00188387 um for Staffordshire you've got the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00761-00188388-00188614 joint Waste Management board as well as
pJFxuJZh4fI-00762-00188615-00188783 this sustainability board which are both
pJFxuJZh4fI-00763-00188784-00189125 sit on and they are already looking at
pJFxuJZh4fI-00764-00189126-00189263 what's going to happen in two or three
pJFxuJZh4fI-00765-00189264-00189569 years time and that filters down uh to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00766-00189570-00189761 how we all interact together and work
pJFxuJZh4fI-00767-00189762-00190007 together with whatever proposals are put
pJFxuJZh4fI-00768-00190008-00190307 forward to know
pJFxuJZh4fI-00769-00190308-00190528 um ice levels are dropping across
pJFxuJZh4fI-00770-00190529-00190733 Staffordshire it's not just in Tamworth
pJFxuJZh4fI-00771-00190734-00191057 okay thank you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00772-00191058-00191338 I'll just one more question or comment
pJFxuJZh4fI-00773-00191339-00191663 to Mike actually on the contaminated
pJFxuJZh4fI-00774-00191664-00191921 um recycling bins
pJFxuJZh4fI-00775-00191922-00192293 is that contaminant any contamination or
pJFxuJZh4fI-00776-00192294-00192485 is it contamination between sort of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00777-00192486-00192838 bottles and cans and and paper and card
pJFxuJZh4fI-00778-00192839-00192947 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00779-00192948-00193151 because I've just done a quick graph and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00780-00193152-00193421 while there is a little bit of a drop
pJFxuJZh4fI-00781-00193422-00193747 off from the start of the the service
pJFxuJZh4fI-00782-00193748-00193985 I'm just trying to work out if we can
pJFxuJZh4fI-00783-00193986-00194185 compare that with
pJFxuJZh4fI-00784-00194186-00194543 what the contamination rate was before
pJFxuJZh4fI-00785-00194544-00194699 we started the service if that makes
pJFxuJZh4fI-00786-00194700-00194938 sense
pJFxuJZh4fI-00787-00194939-00195185 again we um we'll bring you a bit more
pJFxuJZh4fI-00788-00195186-00195538 data next time and in graphical form but
pJFxuJZh4fI-00789-00195539-00195701 um it was about we were running sort of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00790-00195702-00195978 between 10 and 15 for the whole tonnage
pJFxuJZh4fI-00791-00195979-00196319 previously so if you've got 10 000 tons
pJFxuJZh4fI-00792-00196320-00196613 you would collect in 1500 tons really
pJFxuJZh4fI-00793-00196614-00196895 was was contamination we say
pJFxuJZh4fI-00794-00196896-00197152 contamination it's also um materials
pJFxuJZh4fI-00795-00197153-00197381 that um that they
pJFxuJZh4fI-00796-00197382-00197614 that they don't want or can't recycle
pJFxuJZh4fI-00797-00197615-00197819 it's not necessarily food waste or
pJFxuJZh4fI-00798-00197820-00198004 nappies and things like that but now
pJFxuJZh4fI-00799-00198005-00198263 we're looking at a situation where forty
pJFxuJZh4fI-00800-00198264-00198509 percent of our tonnage which is the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00801-00198510-00198773 paper and card is virtually zero percent
pJFxuJZh4fI-00802-00198774-00199001 contamination maybe one or two percent
pJFxuJZh4fI-00803-00199002-00199319 so if you take that 10 000 tons we're
pJFxuJZh4fI-00804-00199320-00199607 saying nearly 4 000 tons of it now has
pJFxuJZh4fI-00805-00199608-00199876 got very very low contamination so the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00806-00199877-00200123 remaining six thousand tons is what's in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00807-00200124-00200326 your blue bin and we're saying that sort
pJFxuJZh4fI-00808-00200327-00200573 of eight or nine percent so you're
pJFxuJZh4fI-00809-00200574-00200716 starting to see
pJFxuJZh4fI-00810-00200717-00200999 um your potential level of contamination
pJFxuJZh4fI-00811-00201000-00201166 in Turnage terms falling quite
pJFxuJZh4fI-00812-00201167-00201514 dramatically so if we say 1500 tons on
pJFxuJZh4fI-00813-00201515-00201971 Ten Thousand you're down now to 60 sort
pJFxuJZh4fI-00814-00201972-00202228 of nine percent of sixty percent so I
pJFxuJZh4fI-00815-00202229-00202366 can't do all the maths in my head but
pJFxuJZh4fI-00816-00202367-00202535 it's quite a it's quite a substantial
pJFxuJZh4fI-00817-00202536-00202709 reduction but let's let's have some
pJFxuJZh4fI-00818-00202710-00202949 graphs at the next meeting so we can we
pJFxuJZh4fI-00819-00202950-00203188 can show it in a in an easier way for
pJFxuJZh4fI-00820-00203189-00203375 you I think I think that would be great
pJFxuJZh4fI-00821-00203376-00203590 I think that's it's an important thing
pJFxuJZh4fI-00822-00203591-00203843 to take back and and also perhaps some
pJFxuJZh4fI-00823-00203844-00204052 information from before the service that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00824-00204053-00204316 we can that we can feed and and say
pJFxuJZh4fI-00825-00204317-00204437 because
pJFxuJZh4fI-00826-00204438-00204761 while yes we're looking at the how the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00827-00204762-00204953 service is working I think it's good to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00828-00204954-00205175 have that that little bit of a run up
pJFxuJZh4fI-00829-00205176-00205379 beforehand thank you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00830-00205380-00205738 sure
pJFxuJZh4fI-00831-00205739-00206038 thanks chair uh sort of stole my point a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00832-00206039-00206362 bit but but thank you for doing that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00833-00206363-00206608 um you made the comment about
pJFxuJZh4fI-00834-00206609-00206848 um tonnage being down
pJFxuJZh4fI-00835-00206850-00207094 possibly because we're post-pandemic and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00836-00207096-00207221 people aren't working at home but it
pJFxuJZh4fI-00837-00207221-00207442 would be good to have some figures from
pJFxuJZh4fI-00838-00207444-00207725 pre-pandemic to to compare
pJFxuJZh4fI-00839-00207726-00208019 um can I ask one other question please
pJFxuJZh4fI-00840-00208019-00208277 um we used to be able to recycle cartons
pJFxuJZh4fI-00841-00208278-00208619 and we no longer can is that a common
pJFxuJZh4fI-00842-00208619-00208858 thing across the country
pJFxuJZh4fI-00843-00208859-00208955 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00844-00208956-00209153 I know I mean I spend a lot of time in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00845-00209154-00209338 France and we can recycle cartons there
pJFxuJZh4fI-00846-00209339-00209555 so I'm just wondering what what's the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00847-00209556-00209765 sort of thinking behind it and is that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00848-00209766-00210010 likely to change
pJFxuJZh4fI-00849-00210011-00210119 foreign
pJFxuJZh4fI-00850-00210119-00210371 what we can recycle is very much
pJFxuJZh4fI-00851-00210371-00210587 governed on what the facilities will
pJFxuJZh4fI-00852-00210588-00210857 take from us
pJFxuJZh4fI-00853-00210858-00211123 we've only really got the Aldridge Murph
pJFxuJZh4fI-00854-00211123-00211373 there's a facility that's within driving
pJFxuJZh4fI-00855-00211373-00211541 distance and we don't have the benefit
pJFxuJZh4fI-00856-00211542-00211834 of a transfer station so we're very much
pJFxuJZh4fI-00857-00211835-00212177 governed by their input specification
pJFxuJZh4fI-00858-00212178-00212248 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00859-00212250-00212434 trouble with Tetra packs they're
pJFxuJZh4fI-00860-00212435-00212710 extremely difficult to recycle because
pJFxuJZh4fI-00861-00212711-00212927 the card is coated with a layer of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00862-00212928-00213167 plastic in effect
pJFxuJZh4fI-00863-00213167-00213334 um the technology and the infrastructure
pJFxuJZh4fI-00864-00213335-00213606 in the UK is very light at the moment
pJFxuJZh4fI-00865-00213607-00213827 but this is where the government's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00866-00213828-00214073 strategy is trying to encourage the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00867-00214073-00214325 development of the the industry and the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00868-00214326-00214613 infrastructure I think over time yes
pJFxuJZh4fI-00869-00214614-00214858 we'll be able to do Tetra packs again
pJFxuJZh4fI-00870-00214859-00215123 but until there's a until there's a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00871-00215123-00215351 market until there's the technology it's
pJFxuJZh4fI-00872-00215352-00215567 very difficult disappointing to us that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00873-00215567-00215863 we have to stop that but when the tender
pJFxuJZh4fI-00874-00215864-00216227 was put out for this contract they made
pJFxuJZh4fI-00875-00216228-00216425 it very clear that that wouldn't be on
pJFxuJZh4fI-00876-00216426-00216731 the input specification so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00877-00216732-00216953 um so even if we collected it
pJFxuJZh4fI-00878-00216954-00217139 um they wouldn't go for recycling
pJFxuJZh4fI-00879-00217140-00217403 there's one or two facilities in the UK
pJFxuJZh4fI-00880-00217404-00217667 but you can imagine that infrastructure
pJFxuJZh4fI-00881-00217667-00217906 is already overloaded with the cartons
pJFxuJZh4fI-00882-00217907-00218141 so it's about being we're gonna have to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00883-00218142-00218339 be a little bit patient let the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00884-00218340-00218525 government strategy sort of work through
pJFxuJZh4fI-00885-00218526-00218758 the epr funding
pJFxuJZh4fI-00886-00218759-00218998 um once the technology sorted and the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00887-00219000-00219227 markets become available herbal I think
pJFxuJZh4fI-00888-00219228-00219437 we will see more and more Tetra packs
pJFxuJZh4fI-00889-00219438-00219821 being recycled again
pJFxuJZh4fI-00890-00219821-00220108 any other questions or comments from
pJFxuJZh4fI-00891-00220109-00220210 anybody
pJFxuJZh4fI-00892-00220211-00220439 okay well there's no specific
pJFxuJZh4fI-00893-00220440-00220691 recommendations for the report
pJFxuJZh4fI-00894-00220692-00221015 um I acknowledgel can take back the the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00895-00221016-00221248 comments perhaps that we've that we've
pJFxuJZh4fI-00896-00221250-00221405 made
pJFxuJZh4fI-00897-00221406-00221782 um so on from that is concerned thank
pJFxuJZh4fI-00898-00221783-00221969 you very much Andrew
pJFxuJZh4fI-00899-00221969-00222292 and Victoria and Nigel and Steve thank
pJFxuJZh4fI-00900-00222294-00222406 you thank you very much and you're
pJFxuJZh4fI-00901-00222407-00222617 you're welcome to stay for the rest of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00902-00222617-00223271 the the meeting if you want to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00903-00223271-00223451 Steve
pJFxuJZh4fI-00904-00223452-00223660 just something I'd like to add
pJFxuJZh4fI-00905-00223661-00223781 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00906-00223782-00223984 there's what they call a laric
pJFxuJZh4fI-00907-00223985-00224303 conference which recently took place and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00908-00224304-00224608 also there's the joint Waste Management
pJFxuJZh4fI-00909-00224609-00224915 meetings and the sustainability meetings
pJFxuJZh4fI-00910-00224916-00225156 which are all online which you can view
pJFxuJZh4fI-00911-00225157-00225358 and there should be some information
pJFxuJZh4fI-00912-00225359-00225539 there that you find useful regarding
pJFxuJZh4fI-00913-00225540-00225791 Waste Management thank you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00914-00225792-00226013 I can send details over later on request
pJFxuJZh4fI-00915-00226014-00226139 if you want
pJFxuJZh4fI-00916-00226140-00226379 please do thanks thanks Dave and uh
pJFxuJZh4fI-00917-00226380-00229289 welcome to go
pJFxuJZh4fI-00918-00229290-00229565 so we're on to a gender art and five
pJFxuJZh4fI-00919-00229566-00229829 which is responses to reports of the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00920-00229830-00229948 infrastructure safety and great security
pJFxuJZh4fI-00921-00229950-00230141 committee
pJFxuJZh4fI-00922-00230142-00230423 um if you recall the last meeting we had
pJFxuJZh4fI-00923-00230423-00230608 some recommendations that are going to
pJFxuJZh4fI-00924-00230609-00230879 get a cabinet but have not yet gone gone
pJFxuJZh4fI-00925-00230880-00231029 to cabinet because there hasn't been a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00926-00231030-00231184 cabinet that's been discussed in the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00927-00231185-00231394 that particular item
pJFxuJZh4fI-00928-00231396-00231598 um but I'm due to go there next week so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00929-00231600-00231934 uh on the net carbon so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00930-00231935-00231994 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00931-00231996-00232156 that's that one
pJFxuJZh4fI-00932-00232157-00232379 item six is the consideration a matter
pJFxuJZh4fI-00933-00232380-00232582 referred to infrastructure safe being
pJFxuJZh4fI-00934-00232583-00232798 gradual cabinet or Council and there has
pJFxuJZh4fI-00935-00232800-00233303 been none
pJFxuJZh4fI-00936-00233304-00233698 item seven is the um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00937-00233700-00233963 forward plan
pJFxuJZh4fI-00938-00233964-00234179 um I hope everybody's a chance to look
pJFxuJZh4fI-00939-00234180-00234389 through I've I've been through it and I
pJFxuJZh4fI-00940-00234390-00234592 know there was a new one sent out today
pJFxuJZh4fI-00941-00234594-00234737 I believe
pJFxuJZh4fI-00942-00234738-00235055 um there's no items on there that I feel
pJFxuJZh4fI-00943-00235056-00235217 are
pJFxuJZh4fI-00944-00235217-00235463 items we should be looking at on this
pJFxuJZh4fI-00945-00235464-00235727 scrutiny committee and that aren't other
pJFxuJZh4fI-00946-00235728-00236015 otherwise being covered unless anybody
pJFxuJZh4fI-00947-00236016-00236194 else has got any uh thoughts on that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00948-00236196-00236381 I'll move on
pJFxuJZh4fI-00949-00236382-00236644 um item eight our working group updates
pJFxuJZh4fI-00950-00236646-00236951 we have a couple of working groups
pJFxuJZh4fI-00951-00236952-00237227 um one is the facilities for hgv drivers
pJFxuJZh4fI-00952-00237228-00237413 I know Council prices looking at that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00953-00237414-00237653 one but uh unfortunately he's not here
pJFxuJZh4fI-00954-00237654-00237839 tonight to give any feedback so I'm not
pJFxuJZh4fI-00955-00237840-00238031 sure if they've
pJFxuJZh4fI-00956-00238032-00238319 um the working group has met at all
pJFxuJZh4fI-00957-00238319-00238517 Michelle I can give a little update
pJFxuJZh4fI-00958-00238517-00238739 today we were due to be meeting and then
pJFxuJZh4fI-00959-00238740-00238906 all three of us had work commitments so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00960-00238907-00239129 we canceled and so we are hoping to meet
pJFxuJZh4fI-00961-00239130-00239273 either later this week early next week
pJFxuJZh4fI-00962-00239273-00239471 okay thank you
pJFxuJZh4fI-00963-00239471-00239729 um the is The Travelers working group
pJFxuJZh4fI-00964-00239730-00239891 well the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00965-00239892-00240119 um health and wellbeing chair Vice chair
pJFxuJZh4fI-00966-00240119-00240317 myself and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00967-00240317-00240532 um my vice chair met
pJFxuJZh4fI-00968-00240533-00240748 um last week
pJFxuJZh4fI-00969-00240750-00241048 um to talk through some of these
pJFxuJZh4fI-00970-00241050-00241115 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00971-00241116-00241337 try and sort of thrush out where we were
pJFxuJZh4fI-00972-00241338-00241534 going to go with this we're still
pJFxuJZh4fI-00973-00241535-00241781 waiting for some information back from
pJFxuJZh4fI-00974-00241782-00242081 County via the portfolio holder so
pJFxuJZh4fI-00975-00242082-00242441 um we can't move on with with that in a
pJFxuJZh4fI-00976-00242442-00242632 in a structured form until until we've
pJFxuJZh4fI-00977-00242633-00242806 got that information so I will continue
pJFxuJZh4fI-00978-00242807-00243029 to Chase
pJFxuJZh4fI-00979-00243030-00243281 um the other working group is the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00980-00243282-00243503 transport integration
pJFxuJZh4fI-00981-00243504-00243694 um something I know Paul's looking at
pJFxuJZh4fI-00982-00243696-00243994 and will give us an update further on
pJFxuJZh4fI-00983-00243996-00244325 um towards the end of the meeting
pJFxuJZh4fI-00984-00244326-00244691 um so item nine is our scrutiny
pJFxuJZh4fI-00985-00244692-00244919 committee work plan
pJFxuJZh4fI-00986-00244919-00244984 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00987-00244985-00245194 I think we're doing quite well on
pJFxuJZh4fI-00988-00245196-00245351 getting through all the items on the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00989-00245352-00245591 work plan the next meetings the 22nd of
pJFxuJZh4fI-00990-00245592-00245782 November
pJFxuJZh4fI-00991-00245783-00245848 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-00992-00245850-00246142 there's a number of items uh outstanding
pJFxuJZh4fI-00993-00246144-00246329 to be looked at and obviously as the
pJFxuJZh4fI-00994-00246330-00246587 agenda goes out we'll we'll populate
pJFxuJZh4fI-00995-00246588-00246748 that
pJFxuJZh4fI-00996-00246750-00247067 so item 10 is exclusion of press and
pJFxuJZh4fI-00997-00247067-00247241 public
pJFxuJZh4fI-00998-00247242-00247432 um so I'm going to move that in
pJFxuJZh4fI-00999-00247433-00247582 accordance with the provisions of the
pJFxuJZh4fI-01000-00247583-00247781 local authorities executive Arrangements
pJFxuJZh4fI-01001-00247782-00247906 meeting and access to information
pJFxuJZh4fI-01002-00247907-00248256 England regulations 2012 and section
pJFxuJZh4fI-01003-00248257-00248519 100a part four of the Local Government
pJFxuJZh4fI-01004-00248519-00248848 Act 1972 the press and public be
pJFxuJZh4fI-01005-00248850-00249041 excluded from the meeting during the
pJFxuJZh4fI-01006-00249042-00249203 consideration the following business on
pJFxuJZh4fI-01007-00249204-00249365 the grounds that involves the likely
pJFxuJZh4fI-01008-00249366-00249634 disclosure of exempt information
pJFxuJZh4fI-01009-00249635-00249892 as defined in paragraphs 3 part 1 of
pJFxuJZh4fI-01010-00249894-00250103 schedule 12a
pJFxuJZh4fI-01011-00250104-00250331 of the Act and the public interest is in
pJFxuJZh4fI-01012-00250332-00250498 withholding the information outweighs
pJFxuJZh4fI-01013-00250500-00250673 the public interest in disclosure and
pJFxuJZh4fI-01014-00250673-00250913 the information to the public I seek a
pJFxuJZh4fI-01015-00250914-00251081 secondary
pJFxuJZh4fI-01016-00251082-00251279 thank you Chris
pJFxuJZh4fI-01017-00251280-00251387 um
pJFxuJZh4fI-01018-00251388-00251692 all those in favor
pJFxuJZh4fI-01019-00251694-00251896 thank you very much
pJFxuJZh4fI-01020-00251898-00252242 uh Jody
pLPdD3DZUM8-00000-00000256-00000831 welcome to tranquil mind
pLPdD3DZUM8-00001-00000832-00001039 there is no such thing as perfection and
pLPdD3DZUM8-00002-00001040-00001191 mindfulness
pLPdD3DZUM8-00003-00001192-00001366 so as i guide you
pLPdD3DZUM8-00004-00001367-00001599 feel free to experience whatever comes
pLPdD3DZUM8-00005-00001600-00001855 to you naturally
pLPdD3DZUM8-00006-00001855-00002110 there is no right or wrong way to be
pLPdD3DZUM8-00007-00002111-00002367 mindful
pLPdD3DZUM8-00008-00002368-00002558 make sure you are positioned somewhere
pLPdD3DZUM8-00009-00002559-00002734 that is quiet
pLPdD3DZUM8-00010-00002735-00002922 where you will not be disturbed
pLPdD3DZUM8-00011-00002923-00003047 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00012-00003048-00003375 you deserve this time to yourself
pLPdD3DZUM8-00013-00003376-00003654 so get really comfortable
pLPdD3DZUM8-00014-00003655-00003911 letting your whole body be supported
pLPdD3DZUM8-00015-00003911-00004343 by the surface below you
pLPdD3DZUM8-00016-00004344-00004606 let's begin by taking five deep and
pLPdD3DZUM8-00017-00004607-00005086 powerful breaths together
pLPdD3DZUM8-00018-00005087-00005215 one
pLPdD3DZUM8-00019-00005216-00005470 breathe in as best as you can possibly
pLPdD3DZUM8-00020-00005471-00005838 do so
pLPdD3DZUM8-00021-00005839-00006009 and breathe out
pLPdD3DZUM8-00022-00006010-00006495 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00023-00006495-00006631 two
pLPdD3DZUM8-00024-00006631-00006863 inhale slowly
pLPdD3DZUM8-00025-00006864-00007559 and deeply
pLPdD3DZUM8-00026-00007559-00008063 and exhale
pLPdD3DZUM8-00027-00008064-00008255 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00028-00008256-00008399 three
pLPdD3DZUM8-00029-00008400-00008959 breathe in with passion
pLPdD3DZUM8-00030-00008960-00009373 breathe out into relaxation
pLPdD3DZUM8-00031-00009374-00009814 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00032-00009815-00009951 four
pLPdD3DZUM8-00033-00009952-00010646 inhale as full as your lungs will expand
pLPdD3DZUM8-00034-00010647-00010863 and exhale
pLPdD3DZUM8-00035-00010864-00011163 feeling good
pLPdD3DZUM8-00036-00011164-00011510 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00037-00011511-00011703 and five
pLPdD3DZUM8-00038-00011704-00012174 breathe in
pLPdD3DZUM8-00039-00012175-00012423 then when you breathe out
pLPdD3DZUM8-00040-00012424-00012663 allow your breath to return
pLPdD3DZUM8-00041-00012664-00012946 to a natural automatic flow
pLPdD3DZUM8-00042-00012947-00013215 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00043-00013216-00013425 watch the breath as it slows down
pLPdD3DZUM8-00044-00013426-00013863 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00045-00013863-00014103 notice how your body feels
pLPdD3DZUM8-00046-00014104-00014513 after these five powerful breaths
pLPdD3DZUM8-00047-00014515-00015703 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00048-00015704-00016015 now let's begin to clear our thinking
pLPdD3DZUM8-00049-00016016-00016430 by watching the mind
pLPdD3DZUM8-00050-00016431-00016622 notice the things that you are thinking
pLPdD3DZUM8-00051-00016623-00017183 about
pLPdD3DZUM8-00052-00017184-00017383 see how images
pLPdD3DZUM8-00053-00017384-00017607 carrying sounds
pLPdD3DZUM8-00054-00017608-00017807 and feelings
pLPdD3DZUM8-00055-00017808-00018042 pass through your awareness
pLPdD3DZUM8-00056-00018043-00018943 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00057-00018944-00019143 you really can't think of two things at
pLPdD3DZUM8-00058-00019144-00019319 once
pLPdD3DZUM8-00059-00019320-00019535 but notice how your mind moves very
pLPdD3DZUM8-00060-00019536-00019663 quickly
pLPdD3DZUM8-00061-00019664-00019855 from one thought
pLPdD3DZUM8-00062-00019856-00020935 to the next
pLPdD3DZUM8-00063-00020936-00021383 you think about one thing then another
pLPdD3DZUM8-00064-00021384-00021671 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00065-00021672-00022863 notice which thoughts are memories
pLPdD3DZUM8-00066-00022864-00023108 which ones are set in the future
pLPdD3DZUM8-00067-00023109-00023294 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00068-00023295-00023535 things you have to do
pLPdD3DZUM8-00069-00023536-00024599 or want to do
pLPdD3DZUM8-00070-00024600-00024791 how many thoughts are about the present
pLPdD3DZUM8-00071-00024792-00025039 moment
pLPdD3DZUM8-00072-00025040-00025463 such as where you are right now
pLPdD3DZUM8-00073-00025464-00026639 or how your body is so relaxed
pLPdD3DZUM8-00074-00026639-00026870 the goal in mindfulness
pLPdD3DZUM8-00075-00026872-00027127 is to guide your thinking back
pLPdD3DZUM8-00076-00027127-00027302 to anything that is happening in the
pLPdD3DZUM8-00077-00027304-00027527 present moment
pLPdD3DZUM8-00078-00027527-00027774 such as your breath
pLPdD3DZUM8-00079-00027775-00028023 breathe in deeply
pLPdD3DZUM8-00080-00028024-00029190 focusing on the breath
pLPdD3DZUM8-00081-00029191-00029407 now become aware of your body
pLPdD3DZUM8-00082-00029408-00029743 as a whole in this present moment
pLPdD3DZUM8-00083-00029744-00029918 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00084-00029919-00030151 you can notice the clothing against your
pLPdD3DZUM8-00085-00030152-00030646 skin
pLPdD3DZUM8-00086-00030647-00030911 as well as the skin that is exposed to
pLPdD3DZUM8-00087-00030912-00031374 the air
pLPdD3DZUM8-00088-00031375-00031662 can you easily feel the temperature of
pLPdD3DZUM8-00089-00031663-00032735 your surroundings
pLPdD3DZUM8-00090-00032736-00032959 now if you open your eyes
pLPdD3DZUM8-00091-00032960-00033135 you can become aware of the present
pLPdD3DZUM8-00092-00033136-00033262 moment
pLPdD3DZUM8-00093-00033263-00033679 through noticing objects in your view
pLPdD3DZUM8-00094-00033680-00034199 what kinds of colors do you see
pLPdD3DZUM8-00095-00034200-00034935 how about the textures
pLPdD3DZUM8-00096-00034936-00035927 do you notice any patterns
pLPdD3DZUM8-00097-00035928-00036183 now pay attention to how the area is
pLPdD3DZUM8-00098-00036184-00036551 illuminated
pLPdD3DZUM8-00099-00036552-00037143 is the sun highlighting things in view
pLPdD3DZUM8-00100-00037144-00037423 or are there artificial lights
pLPdD3DZUM8-00101-00037424-00038288 that make the area bright
pLPdD3DZUM8-00102-00038289-00038543 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00103-00038544-00038983 now focus on the shadows around
pLPdD3DZUM8-00104-00038984-00039302 where is darkness resting right now
pLPdD3DZUM8-00105-00039303-00039398 when you look around
pLPdD3DZUM8-00106-00039399-00040062 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00107-00040063-00040735 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00108-00040736-00041071 good
pLPdD3DZUM8-00109-00041072-00041358 now softly lay your eyes find something
pLPdD3DZUM8-00110-00041359-00041879 to focus on in front of you
pLPdD3DZUM8-00111-00041880-00042215 fixate your gaze here
pLPdD3DZUM8-00112-00042216-00042407 and notice
pLPdD3DZUM8-00113-00042408-00042567 how far away
pLPdD3DZUM8-00114-00042568-00042727 is what you see
pLPdD3DZUM8-00115-00042728-00043283 from you
pLPdD3DZUM8-00116-00043284-00043439 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00117-00043440-00044343 what color is it
pLPdD3DZUM8-00118-00044344-00045511 think about what it is made of
pLPdD3DZUM8-00119-00045512-00045846 allow your eyes to close
pLPdD3DZUM8-00120-00045847-00046111 and feel the relaxation
pLPdD3DZUM8-00121-00046112-00046478 behind your eyelids
pLPdD3DZUM8-00122-00046479-00046758 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00123-00046759-00047071 let this relaxation expand
pLPdD3DZUM8-00124-00047072-00048183 to the rest of your body
pLPdD3DZUM8-00125-00048184-00048367 can you remember what you were looking
pLPdD3DZUM8-00126-00048368-00048695 at in front of you
pLPdD3DZUM8-00127-00048696-00049367 see it in your mind's eye
pLPdD3DZUM8-00128-00049368-00049646 visualize the colors
pLPdD3DZUM8-00129-00049647-00050302 and textures
pLPdD3DZUM8-00130-00050303-00051407 how far away it was
pLPdD3DZUM8-00131-00051408-00051670 now remember some things you saw in your
pLPdD3DZUM8-00132-00051671-00051966 surroundings
pLPdD3DZUM8-00133-00051967-00052407 the patterns
pLPdD3DZUM8-00134-00052408-00052838 the light
pLPdD3DZUM8-00135-00052839-00053950 the shadows
pLPdD3DZUM8-00136-00053951-00054135 great
pLPdD3DZUM8-00137-00054136-00054375 you have fully brought yourself
pLPdD3DZUM8-00138-00054376-00054775 into the present moment
pLPdD3DZUM8-00139-00054776-00054959 notice how you feel
pLPdD3DZUM8-00140-00054960-00055386 from this exercise
pLPdD3DZUM8-00141-00055387-00055742 [Music]
pLPdD3DZUM8-00142-00055744-00056015 gently rise from this session
pLPdD3DZUM8-00143-00056016-00056303 feeling refreshed
pLPdD3DZUM8-00144-00056304-00057615 with a clear and present mind
pLPdD3DZUM8-00145-00057616-00057824 you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00000-00000000-00000149 hey guys and welcome back another
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00001-00000150-00000329 unfiltered gamer board game review
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00002-00000330-00000532 today's game up on the tabletop is
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00003-00000533-00000784 called Sagrada but not just Sagrada but
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00004-00000785-00001043 the expansions to Sagrada life and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00005-00001044-00001229 passion the game plays one to four
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00006-00001230-00001403 players or five to six with the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00007-00001404-00001612 expansion takes about 30 to 45 minutes
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00008-00001613-00001876 and is for ages 13 and up and in the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00009-00001877-00002068 game Sagrada you are attempting to make
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00010-00002069-00002267 a beautiful Mosaic you'll be taking one
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00011-00002268-00002476 of these windowed boards and placing
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00012-00002477-00002699 dive based on appropriate spots and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00013-00002700-00002957 placement based on the choice of where
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00014-00002958-00003107 you'd like to place the dye when
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00015-00003108-00003329 utilizing these window cards sometimes
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00016-00003329-00003497 you'll have to base them on shade which
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00017-00003497-00003688 is going to be the different numbers on
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00018-00003689-00003947 here or color as opposed to the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00019-00003947-00004090 different spaces on here with different
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00020-00004092-00004301 colors and your objective is just simply
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00021-00004302-00004438 place them down and follow the rules
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00022-00004439-00004601 when you place types you have to make
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00023-00004602-00004756 sure that no number corresponds with
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00024-00004757-00004949 another adjacent number and of course no
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00025-00004950-00005188 color does the same and of course when
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00026-00005189-00005422 the game ends which is basically at the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00027-00005423-00005704 end of the specific round of the 10th
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00028-00005705-00005891 round here that will trigger the end
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00029-00005892-00006088 game you'll score your big three points
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00030-00006089-00006317 with these expansions here there's going
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00031-00006318-00006443 to be a lot of additional things I'll
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00032-00006444-00006646 talk about I'll explain the very minimum
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00033-00006647-00006809 of the base games I've covered this game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00034-00006809-00006983 before then we'll go into each of the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00035-00006984-00007217 expansions and talk about those then my
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00036-00007218-00007373 review and we'll let you guys decide if
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00037-00007373-00007456 you want to pick them up the game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00038-00007458-00007709 Sagrada is a dice drafting game you'll
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00039-00007709-00007877 be taking a certain number of Dice from
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00040-00007878-00008087 a bad gear you'll be placing them into a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00041-00008088-00008177 bin
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00042-00008178-00008381 and then you're going to roll them and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00043-00008382-00008495 then players are going to go back and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00044-00008496-00008674 forth drafting these die taking one
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00045-00008675-00008885 placing them into their window and then
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00046-00008886-00009053 passing this and having the next player
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00047-00009054-00009221 take one and put it into their window
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00048-00009222-00009467 and you'll do this until the last buy is
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00049-00009468-00009617 left over that die will go on the round
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00050-00009618-00009767 marker and you'll go to the next round
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00051-00009768-00009995 up until the 10th round and on the tenth
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00052-00009996-00010145 round you'll check your board and you'll
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00053-00010146-00010301 see how many points you got and whoever
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00054-00010302-00010517 has the most points is the winner what I
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00055-00010518-00010673 want to talk about mainly is life and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00056-00010674-00010871 passion the two new expansions that we
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00057-00010872-00011099 have to uh cover how the game kind of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00058-00011100-00011255 functions with these guys here you're
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00059-00011256-00011428 gonna have the life expansion which is
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00060-00011429-00011651 going to come with 12 orange Masterwork
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00061-00011652-00012017 dies the Masterwork board two new tool
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00062-00012018-00012227 cards it's going to come with some new
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00063-00012228-00012473 window cards as well as of course six
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00064-00012474-00012731 public objectives well everything in
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00065-00012732-00012910 there is pretty much just added and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00066-00012911-00013091 shuffled into the base game which will
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00067-00013091-00013216 include new things like the public
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00068-00013218-00013463 objectives and the tool cards but there
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00069-00013463-00013601 are some unique things like The
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00070-00013602-00013894 Apprentice cards Apprentice cards are
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00071-00013895-00014086 added based on the new window cards so
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00072-00014087-00014219 when you're selecting one of these these
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00073-00014219-00014386 guys here you'll be putting it into your
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00074-00014387-00014525 board and if it has these little
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00075-00014526-00014783 windowed pieces here then you're going
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00076-00014784-00014986 to be able to utilize The Apprentice
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00077-00014987-00015208 cards that you have here you'll Shuffle
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00078-00015209-00015383 the deck up and you're going to deal out
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00079-00015384-00015647 one card face up next to it which will
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00080-00015647-00015869 be the discard pile and how it works is
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00081-00015869-00016030 as you're drafting die back and forth
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00082-00016031-00016258 whenever you place a die in one of those
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00083-00016259-00016475 windowed spots on your board you'll get
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00084-00016476-00016643 the choice of taking the top card or the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00085-00016644-00016841 discard pile or drawing two cards
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00086-00016842-00017050 picking one and putting a new one out on
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00087-00017051-00017272 top of a discard pile these cards are
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00088-00017273-00017399 either going to be cards that can
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00089-00017400-00017633 activate when face up in play as you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00090-00017634-00017885 choose to utilize them or you can choose
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00091-00017886-00018094 to discard them for an ability so for
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00092-00018095-00018269 instance this one here says you gain a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00093-00018270-00018419 random tool card from the outside of the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00094-00018420-00018658 game and you may pay to use it as normal
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00095-00018659-00018833 and other players may use this tool
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00096-00018834-00019072 paying their favors instead to you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00097-00019073-00019271 though and then The Apprentice here this
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00098-00019272-00019444 one is increase or decrease the value of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00099-00019445-00019619 one die in your window and you must obey
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00100-00019620-00019763 all placement restrictions so you can
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00101-00019764-00019997 increase the value of dice and make them
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00102-00019998-00020164 worth more points at the end of the game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00103-00020165-00020405 and you have to discard that card the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00104-00020406-00020644 other aspect to the life expansion is
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00105-00020645-00020897 the master workboard and dice you will
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00106-00020898-00021113 take each one of the dies and select the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00107-00021114-00021269 side based on the bottom of the board
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00108-00021270-00021467 here and place the die corresponding
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00109-00021468-00021683 with that onto there if you're playing
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00110-00021684-00021844 with just up to three players you'll
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00111-00021845-00022013 only use these six die if you're playing
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00112-00022014-00022253 with more you'll add the extra six and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00113-00022254-00022463 how this works is as you go back and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00114-00022464-00022780 forth drafting die if you have a die and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00115-00022781-00022985 you do not want that die you can instead
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00116-00022986-00023230 discard it or place it on the Masterwork
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00117-00023231-00023519 board if you place it via its color you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00118-00023520-00023680 can put it on the bottom row or if you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00119-00023681-00023861 place it wavy it's shade slash number
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00120-00023862-00024058 you'll put it on the top row and based
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00121-00024059-00024172 on where you can place it whether it be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00122-00024173-00024358 number or color you'll take the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00123-00024359-00024544 corresponding Masterwork die and place
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00124-00024545-00024713 it on your board following limited
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00125-00024714-00024947 restrictions it has no number values you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00126-00024948-00025091 can place it on any number of value it's
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00127-00025092-00025253 basically a wild but it does have a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00128-00025254-00025378 color so you cannot place it on color
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00129-00025379-00025594 spaces and each of these are going to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00130-00025595-00025781 give you different points Five Points
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00131-00025782-00025949 it's going to give you different I think
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00132-00025950-00026075 if you stay the same points for
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00133-00026076-00026290 different type of objectives uh all of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00134-00026291-00026411 these arrows here are going to point to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00135-00026412-00026567 two different locations and as long as
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00136-00026568-00026729 those two locations have the same number
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00137-00026730-00027017 value or of the same color value you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00138-00027018-00027257 will score five points if it ever faces
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00139-00027258-00027412 off the board for some reason you will
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00140-00027413-00027587 score nothing so you need to make sure
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00141-00027588-00027802 that you're able to follow the rules uh
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00142-00027804-00027923 based on the die based on where you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00143-00027924-00028102 place it so if I place this guy right
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00144-00028104-00028390 here I'll need this top portion here and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00145-00028391-00028546 this bottom portion here to be the same
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00146-00028547-00028787 color and or a number and the also call
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00147-00028788-00028895 me five points at the end of the game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00148-00028895-00029099 however if I were to place something
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00149-00029100-00029231 like this where it's on the side of the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00150-00029232-00029423 board here and one faces that's outside
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00151-00029424-00029561 of the board here and one face is up
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00152-00029562-00029723 here I'm just gonna score zero points
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00153-00029724-00029824 you don't need to make sure where you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00154-00029825-00030023 place these guys there are two other
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00155-00030024-00030227 ones that follow uniquely distinct rules
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00156-00030227-00030395 these guys here are four different
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00157-00030395-00030593 locations one is going to be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00158-00030594-00030767 specifically for color value and the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00159-00030768-00031037 other specifically for number value
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00160-00031038-00031295 and that's basically the main aspects of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00161-00031295-00031564 the life expansion the next thing is a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00162-00031566-00031745 passion expansion which is going to come
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00163-00031745-00031949 with mainly the glass die so you're
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00164-00031950-00032123 going to get these six rare glass boards
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00165-00032124-00032333 which are these guys here
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00166-00032333-00032483 and how it works is you're simply going
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00167-00032483-00032614 to place one of these guys down there's
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00168-00032616-00032861 multiples of them and just roll one of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00169-00032862-00033077 these die and then when you roll it you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00170-00033078-00033251 will then place it down in the middle
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00171-00033252-00033479 section here and for each number of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00172-00033480-00033635 players in the game you'll have one of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00173-00033636-00033935 these White die out and during your turn
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00174-00033936-00034151 you can spend these little tokens here
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00175-00034152-00034349 that you're going to be getting in order
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00176-00034350-00034565 to gain this die and place it on your
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00177-00034566-00034768 board they're considered wild they do
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00178-00034769-00034895 have a number of values so you can place
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00179-00034896-00035159 them on any colored space and also they
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00180-00035160-00035357 could have some unique advantages in the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00181-00035358-00035440 game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00182-00035441-00035662 another thing too is you're going to be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00183-00035663-00035849 getting the inspiration cards
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00184-00035850-00036083 inspiration cards are basically brand
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00185-00036084-00036323 new abilities that you can utilize in
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00186-00036324-00036496 the game sometimes maybe once around
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00187-00036497-00036862 once a turn also once a turn or once a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00188-00036863-00037102 game or maybe uh a certain number of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00189-00037103-00037259 times like this one here says once
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00190-00037260-00037433 around after drafting you can spend one
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00191-00037434-00037607 favor token which are these tokens that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00192-00037608-00037787 you can use to get glass dye or of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00193-00037788-00038051 course other tools uh to break a color
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00194-00038052-00038224 or number restriction when placing a die
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00195-00038225-00038351 so you can kind of ignore the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00196-00038352-00038501 requirements when placing down on the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00197-00038502-00038705 board here and so on and so forth this
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00198-00038706-00038939 one here is going to let me gain up to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00199-00038940-00039173 three favors from one tool at any point
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00200-00039174-00039437 in the game so as you place two favors
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00201-00039438-00039611 down on these tool areas here to utilize
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00202-00039612-00039773 the abilities you'll be able to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00203-00039774-00039995 hopefully with this card gain favors
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00204-00039996-00040199 back from either your own or your
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00205-00040200-00040474 opponent's spaces and then it's also
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00206-00040475-00040630 going to be coming with public
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00207-00040631-00040883 objectives and private objectives these
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00208-00040884-00041129 are going to be glass objectives uh in
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00209-00041130-00041327 in two different functions or formulas
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00210-00041328-00041489 but basically you'll just add add them
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00211-00041490-00041662 to your deck that's pretty much what
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00212-00041663-00041789 you're going to come with it's going to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00213-00041790-00042040 be the glass it's going to be these
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00214-00042041-00042239 cards here are the inspiration cards
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00215-00042240-00042443 it's going to be uh these cards here the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00216-00042444-00042646 princess cards and uh it's going to be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00217-00042647-00042883 the Masterwork so Masterwork glass
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00218-00042884-00043162 inspiration and Apprentice those are the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00219-00043163-00043409 four main aspects to these specific game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00220-00043410-00043577 modes and then of course they give you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00221-00043578-00043702 additional things that kind of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00222-00043703-00043912 correspond with them in the main big
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00223-00043913-00044062 bass game which is going to come in the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00224-00044063-00044279 form of tools and different objectives
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00225-00044280-00044585 and private objectives etc etc so okay
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00226-00044586-00044789 now you understand the basics of the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00227-00044790-00044951 expansions and hopefully you've come
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00228-00044952-00045161 here watching the this because you've
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00229-00045162-00045389 seen or played Sagrada before I'll just
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00230-00045390-00045568 go into my review of the game so for
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00231-00045569-00045785 those of you who haven't actually played
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00232-00045786-00045983 Sagrada before just know that it is a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00233-00045984-00046127 dice drafting game it's one of those
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00234-00046128-00046367 games where basically depending on the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00235-00046368-00046468 number of players there'll be a certain
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00236-00046469-00046643 number of die in a pool and you're going
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00237-00046644-00046787 to be placing them in here and then each
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00238-00046788-00046967 player in round order is going to select
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00239-00046968-00047105 one of the die and place them down
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00240-00047106-00047339 following rules and the rules are you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00241-00047340-00047495 can't have the same number next the same
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00242-00047496-00047633 number you can't have the same color
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00243-00047634-00047812 next to the same color and you have to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00244-00047813-00048005 meet the requirements on the board that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00245-00048006-00048190 you select so in this case here we have
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00246-00048191-00048407 Reds over here yellows here this has to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00247-00048408-00048551 be a five this has to be a four this is
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00248-00048552-00048761 a one this is a six and these spaces
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00249-00048762-00048995 here will let you gain these Apprentice
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00250-00048996-00049145 cards
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00251-00049146-00049324 and you'll just simply go to pick one
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00252-00049325-00049552 and Pass and Pass and Pass and then when
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00253-00049553-00049685 it goes all the way to the last player
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00254-00049686-00049901 that player gets two choices and then
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00255-00049902-00050080 it's gonna come back around so the first
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00256-00050081-00050212 person who drafted will be the last
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00257-00050213-00050411 person who drafted then it'll pass the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00258-00050412-00050585 next player they'll put out more dice
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00259-00050586-00050885 draft draft draft draft draft double
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00260-00050886-00051095 draft and then go back around
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00261-00051096-00051280 and the game ends after 10 rounds and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00262-00051282-00051473 hopefully you have a pretty esteemed
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00263-00051474-00051701 board a glass board here and you'll
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00264-00051702-00051869 check to see how you score and you're
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00265-00051870-00052144 going to score via uh all the rules here
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00266-00052145-00052294 on these guys you're also going to score
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00267-00052295-00052487 based on the private objectives here so
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00268-00052488-00052673 this might be like oh for every specific
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00269-00052674-00052966 number next to a glass die I'll score uh
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00270-00052967-00053171 x value which is equal to the number of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00271-00053172-00053380 numbers along with the different colors
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00272-00053382-00053741 or if you have the same colors in the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00273-00053741-00053915 two different sections of the board here
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00274-00053916-00054082 as long as they're in the same column
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00275-00054083-00054287 you will score points for those or two
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00276-00054288-00054491 points for every exact die on your board
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00277-00054491-00054682 that's the same color and number or
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00278-00054683-00054911 whatever your lowest row is as far as
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00279-00054912-00055126 value goes in Pips you'll score that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00280-00055127-00055444 value and uh they've introduced with the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00281-00055445-00055649 one of the expansions the life expansion
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00282-00055650-00055792 the semester report where you can score
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00283-00055794-00055973 Five Points whenever you meet the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00284-00055974-00056230 criteria of these die here and of course
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00285-00056232-00056369 they're a little bit more challenging
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00286-00056370-00056494 and they add a little bit more variety
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00287-00056495-00056699 to the board here but of course they are
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00288-00056700-00056861 wild so they might be a good spot to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00289-00056862-00057004 place one of these guys and worry about
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00290-00057005-00057275 it later uh and you're yeah basically
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00291-00057276-00057437 just trying to score the most points you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00292-00057438-00057665 possibly can utilizing the last five
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00293-00057666-00057869 when appropriate and of course being
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00294-00057870-00058049 able to use your special unique
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00295-00058050-00058276 inspiration card when you need it the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00296-00058277-00058366 most
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00297-00058367-00058630 so Sagrada is a wonderful game this is a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00298-00058632-00058787 game that many people have played uh
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00299-00058788-00059009 this is a very very popular game and one
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00300-00059010-00059200 of my wife's if not my wife's favorite
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00301-00059201-00059525 game uh she has played this countless
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00302-00059526-00059759 times via the app online there's this
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00303-00059760-00059909 like I believe there's an app and I
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00304-00059910-00060154 believe there's also a switch game that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00305-00060155-00060371 you can play this on and it functions
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00306-00060372-00060592 just like normal Sagrada does but this
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00307-00060594-00060779 here adds that when you have the board
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00308-00060779-00060971 game it adds all the expansions and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00309-00060972-00061109 you're going to have the fifth and six
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00310-00061110-00061259 player Edition which is going to let you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00311-00061260-00061409 use these little trackers here to make
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00312-00061410-00061619 the game faster and there's a lot of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00313-00061620-00061816 variety of this game now the first thing
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00314-00061817-00061937 I'd say is with these two expansions
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00315-00061938-00062171 there is some limitations as to the type
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00316-00062172-00062404 of combinations of these cards you want
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00317-00062405-00062579 to have down and it explains in the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00318-00062579-00062747 rulebook like what you don't want to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00319-00062748-00062938 have happen you don't want to have uh
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00320-00062939-00063125 this thing asks for certain colors and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00321-00063126-00063257 then this thing asks for certain numbers
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00322-00063258-00063449 and you can't do both of them so if you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00323-00063450-00063611 ever run into two objectives a kind of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00324-00063612-00063821 contradict each other get rid of one of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00325-00063822-00064025 them and put a new one out and it
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00326-00064026-00064150 functions the same for my wife's game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00327-00064151-00064307 actually moonshow and there's some cases
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00328-00064308-00064487 where they didn't the objectives that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00329-00064488-00064649 are added as expansions just don't work
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00330-00064650-00064811 with other objectives and so you need to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00331-00064812-00065050 discard them but otherwise let's go into
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00332-00065051-00065338 it so I really like the Masterwork dice
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00333-00065339-00065482 here the Masterwork dice are really
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00334-00065483-00065644 unique you're going to be able to place
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00335-00065645-00065825 them out if you do not like what you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00336-00065826-00066053 have in here and in the original Sagrada
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00337-00066054-00066215 there's a lot of times where you're not
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00338-00066216-00066394 going to be able to utilize dice based
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00339-00066395-00066509 on the rules of placement because
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00340-00066510-00066665 whenever you start placement you have to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00341-00066666-00066821 always Place adjacent to a die that you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00342-00066822-00066988 placed previously so you have to be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00343-00066989-00067265 aware of that additionally utilizing
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00344-00067266-00067385 these is going to get you points later
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00345-00067386-00067541 on in the game it's not going to be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00346-00067542-00067685 something it's not also going to be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00347-00067686-00067888 something that's a future worry but at
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00348-00067889-00068050 the present time it's going to help you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00349-00068051-00068194 in placement so you're not going to have
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00350-00068195-00068303 to worry about placing something you do
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00351-00068304-00068447 not want that will not benefit you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00352-00068448-00068669 there's also a lot of variety as to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00353-00068670-00068861 where you can choose from this pool to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00354-00068862-00069071 place die of course with more players
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00355-00069072-00069281 becomes more dice but also more of a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00356-00069282-00069503 chance for them not to pop up the next
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00357-00069504-00069761 thing is this uh glass die here these
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00358-00069762-00069893 are going to be wild dice which are
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00359-00069894-00070000 really nice to be able to place in
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00360-00070001-00070138 certain spots that you might need them
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00361-00070139-00070294 in and they're also going to be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00362-00070295-00070499 guarantee keys to make you a help
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00363-00070500-00070703 progress your board in case you missed
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00364-00070704-00070853 out on a die placement
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00365-00070854-00071093 these guys here are also going to have
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00366-00071094-00071303 some unique ability on them so for
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00367-00071304-00071459 instance I can choose for this one too
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00368-00071460-00071650 before placing this die and spinning two
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00369-00071651-00071794 of these points here in order to utilize
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00370-00071795-00072041 them I can roll a random die from the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00371-00072042-00072256 bag and if its value matches the die I
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00372-00072257-00072455 can set the die to any value and return
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00373-00072456-00072731 a random die to the bag and also so for
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00374-00072732-00072917 instance if I roll the three
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00375-00072918-00073132 and this was a three I could turn this
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00376-00073133-00073331 into a six and place it on my board and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00377-00073332-00073463 it's kind of like a while then white
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00378-00073464-00073643 dice really nice and then of course when
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00379-00073644-00073805 you place one white die out you'll put a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00380-00073806-00073937 new white you'll roll a new white die
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00381-00073938-00074087 and place that one out onto the board
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00382-00074088-00074273 here sometimes you're not going to want
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00383-00074274-00074411 to change the number but it's just a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00384-00074412-00074656 nice way to utilize this glass board and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00385-00074657-00074776 all of them function in a different
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00386-00074777-00074885 manner
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00387-00074886-00075065 and there are a total of six of them
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00388-00075066-00075329 you're only going to use one in the game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00389-00075330-00075581 I also really really enjoy these cards
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00390-00075582-00075725 here these Apprentice cards these are
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00391-00075726-00075881 going to basically be considered like
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00392-00075882-00076150 tools that are going to allow you to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00393-00076151-00076444 um gain either more victory points when
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00394-00076445-00076673 you're achieving something but it's not
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00395-00076674-00076787 just specifically for one player it's
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00396-00076788-00076967 usually for the entire group but there's
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00397-00076968-00077225 some benefit for you to do it
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00398-00077226-00077423 um you can kind of keep these secrets
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00399-00077424-00077591 some of them will give you favor tokens
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00400-00077592-00077825 which is what you can use for tools as
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00401-00077826-00077969 well as different die placement and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00402-00077970-00078088 different cards different objectives
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00403-00078089-00078311 that you can obtain and just a nice way
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00404-00078312-00078538 of adding a little bit extra to the game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00405-00078539-00078856 mode uh adding in the objectives for the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00406-00078857-00079109 glass die is a nice twitch twist a nice
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00407-00079110-00079312 touch to the game as well it's a way in
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00408-00079313-00079456 order for you to utilize the new
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00409-00079457-00079667 components and the same function as the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00410-00079668-00079876 old game all of these specific little
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00411-00079877-00080069 expansion things are kind of added to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00412-00080070-00080206 the game but they feel like they become
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00413-00080207-00080332 part of it the only thing that really
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00414-00080333-00080597 changes in the game is it becomes easier
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00415-00080598-00080843 to place die down on your board and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00416-00080844-00081023 guarantee a perfect grid now of course
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00417-00081024-00081191 it's not always going to happen it just
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00418-00081192-00081437 it helps progress that and I think for
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00419-00081438-00081569 the most part that's actually a good
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00420-00081570-00081712 thing most people want to have a full
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00421-00081713-00081856 board they don't want to feel like they
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00422-00081857-00082073 missed out on rounds or turns it's all
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00423-00082074-00082223 about getting the most points and the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00424-00082224-00082379 most value for your placement not
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00425-00082380-00082523 necessarily that you just can't place
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00426-00082524-00082709 because you get kind of screwed out on a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00427-00082710-00082967 dice that was my one major problem with
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00428-00082968-00083099 this game when I first played it my wife
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00429-00083100-00083279 has always loved this game but when I
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00430-00083280-00083453 first tried to tried playing this game I
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00431-00083454-00083705 really did enjoy it but always being
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00432-00083706-00083944 stuck with the last die of the last two
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00433-00083945-00084082 die and both of them are completely
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00434-00084083-00084341 unusable is so rough with these new
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00435-00084342-00084562 expansions it adds the ability for you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00436-00084563-00084797 to discard those die and gather a new
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00437-00084798-00085012 die that's going to benefit you later or
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00438-00085013-00085306 it lets me spend uh these points here in
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00439-00085307-00085511 order to place a new die out so that now
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00440-00085512-00085679 I have the ability to place the die that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00441-00085680-00085871 I previously couldn't place and that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00442-00085872-00085997 doesn't necessarily mean I'm going to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00443-00085998-00086237 win the game but it allows everybody to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00444-00086238-00086375 have that opportunity to make sure your
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00445-00086376-00086531 board is filled and you feel you feel
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00446-00086532-00086693 satisfied when you place these things
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00447-00086694-00086932 down the inspiration cards are nice too
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00448-00086933-00087071 they're all very useful they have
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00449-00087072-00087299 different functionality uh I think it's
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00450-00087300-00087461 just a nice little touch it's like a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00451-00087462-00087671 what I would add for any board game I
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00452-00087672-00087785 would make if I wanted to do an
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00453-00087786-00087905 expansion like oh here's an extra
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00454-00087906-00088043 ability everybody can have at the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00455-00088044-00088217 beginning of the game that utilizes it
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00456-00088218-00088397 in some way shape or form whether it be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00457-00088398-00088529 during rounds or throughout the entire
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00458-00088530-00088709 game nice touch one of those things that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00459-00088710-00088876 you can choose to use or not use and in
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00460-00088877-00089099 fact all of these have their own modules
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00461-00089100-00089291 if you look inside the rulebook for life
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00462-00089292-00089494 as well as passion you can say okay
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00463-00089495-00089687 which modules do I want to play with The
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00464-00089688-00089873 Apprentice mode okay we can add that as
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00465-00089874-00090100 well or I can do the Masterwork module
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00466-00090101-00090256 or if I want to play the passion
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00467-00090257-00090418 expansion I can say oh okay let's see
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00468-00090419-00090599 the inspiration module we can add that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00469-00090600-00090862 which is basically these cards here or I
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00470-00090863-00091031 could do the rare glass module which is
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00471-00091032-00091229 these guys here and so you can kind of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00472-00091230-00091426 mix and match any modules you want if
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00473-00091427-00091547 you don't like one you can kind of take
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00474-00091548-00091726 it out and if you do like one you can
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00475-00091727-00091931 add it in or just play with all of it I
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00476-00091932-00092123 actually played with all of it I didn't
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00477-00092124-00092225 have a problem playing with all of it
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00478-00092226-00092338 there was not a lot of contradictions
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00479-00092339-00092500 that I noticed and all the boards work
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00480-00092501-00092650 pretty well together in fact it was a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00481-00092651-00092825 really really fun game we scored very
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00482-00092826-00093047 very very close to each other overall
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00483-00093048-00093281 the expansions are excellent the quality
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00484-00093282-00093455 of them is great if you like the base
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00485-00093456-00093605 game cigar if you like the artwork for
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00486-00093606-00093755 the base game Sagrada this is just more
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00487-00093756-00093923 of the same of that it's going to be
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00488-00093924-00094123 just the same quality and just as nice
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00489-00094124-00094300 everything's pretty well explained
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00490-00094301-00094475 everything's pretty well understood and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00491-00094476-00094667 each of the modules is easy to teach and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00492-00094668-00094817 explain after playing the base game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00493-00094818-00094997 would you be able to play all of this
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00494-00094998-00095141 all together at the same time the very
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00495-00095142-00095285 beginning of the game without with new
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00496-00095286-00095476 players uh yeah probably but I think
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00497-00095477-00095662 it'd be best to start with the base game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00498-00095663-00095873 and then if you want add each individual
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00499-00095874-00096143 expansion to the mix you can add both of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00500-00096144-00096353 their their modules but I would suggest
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00501-00096354-00096617 going from one to the next expansion and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00502-00096618-00096755 adding it and then the next expansion
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00503-00096756-00096941 with both of them and adding them and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00504-00096942-00097135 you'll get it because they're not like
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00505-00097136-00097343 you have to play with them even when
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00506-00097344-00097456 they're on the board you can choose to
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00507-00097457-00097594 completely ignore them and just play the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00508-00097595-00097817 base game if you want and that might not
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00509-00097818-00097967 be a bad thing necessarily each and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00510-00097968-00098129 every time all right that's pretty much
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00511-00098130-00098362 my explanation of the game the rules I
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00512-00098363-00098471 don't think I have a whole lot of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00513-00098472-00098656 negatives to this I think if you just
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00514-00098657-00098831 like a new Twist on it and if you like
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00515-00098832-00099011 the idea of being able to play some more
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00516-00099012-00099268 dice on your board I don't know if it's
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00517-00099269-00099479 necessarily a little or less competitive
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00518-00099480-00099653 because the only aspect to the game that
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00519-00099654-00099826 involves you messing with people really
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00520-00099827-00100091 is going to be this this here and of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00521-00100092-00100276 course with the new added inspiration
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00522-00100277-00100426 cards that kind of changes the game a
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00523-00100427-00100565 bit too as well as being able to mess
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00524-00100566-00100768 with players or obtain certain things
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00525-00100769-00101062 that they use or play but this is mainly
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00526-00101063-00101267 still a solitaire style drafting game so
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00527-00101268-00101500 it's all about the experience of do you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00528-00101501-00101693 want to feel more challenging or do you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00529-00101694-00101831 want to feel like you're more complete
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00530-00101832-00102035 at the end if you do want to make make
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00531-00102036-00102197 it so that you feel more complete then
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00532-00102198-00102365 these are great expansions to add thank
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00533-00102366-00102490 you guys for watching another unfiltered
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00534-00102491-00102640 gamer board game review for the game
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00535-00102641-00102839 Sagrada and the expansions life and
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00536-00102840-00103001 passion if you'd like to pick up any of
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00537-00103002-00103156 these expansions or the base game there
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00538-00103157-00103282 will be a link Down Below in the
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00539-00103283-00103378 description
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00540-00103379-00103504 you can also go ahead and check out our
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00541-00103505-00103756 Channel like comment and subscribe if
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00542-00103757-00103925 you earned R if we earned your
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00543-00103926-00104140 subscription if you're on ours if we are
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00544-00104141-00104284 in your subscription and you watch more
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00545-00104285-00104410 than one video then I would greatly
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00546-00104411-00104566 appreciate it if you went and clicked
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00547-00104567-00104818 the uh support us button the Subscribe
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00548-00104819-00104981 button and the notification button as
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00549-00104982-00105178 well we do live streams every Wednesday
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00550-00105179-00105539 today and every Sunday at 6 30 PM PST
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00551-00105540-00105749 Wednesday is on whatnot.com where we
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00552-00105750-00105916 sell games and show off games talk about
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00553-00105917-00106228 games and on Sundays we play on Twitch
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00554-00106229-00106433 Facebook and of course YouTube Alright
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00555-00106433-00106583 guys if you like these thank you so much
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00556-00106583-00106727 and I appreciate it and I hope to see
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00557-00106728-00106936 you next time as we go and delve into
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00558-00106938-00107152 more games
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00559-00107153-00107391 thank you
pQ9oQLEe98Q-00560-00107392-00108390 [Music]
pTXX-GsNXik-00001-00008975-00009184 you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00000-00000343-00000655 oh this one's terrifying
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00001-00000656-00000862 aiden
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00002-00000863-00001191 aiden
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00003-00001192-00002175 he can't get in
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00004-00002176-00002431 aaron just watched that
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00005-00002432-00002631 that happened he's destroying all of
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00006-00002632-00002966 your fences there's no stopping him
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00007-00002967-00003134 he's stuck
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00008-00003135-00003503 not for long
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00009-00003504-00003695 i got you guys actually not for long at
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00010-00003696-00003935 all where'd he go he despawned after he
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00011-00003936-00004112 killed you oh there it is
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00012-00004113-00004216 [Music]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00013-00004217-00005318 [Applause]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00014-00005319-00005486 i'm bringing him over to you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00015-00005487-00006254 he's so scary
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00016-00006255-00007070 no stop
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00017-00007072-00007406 he
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00018-00007408-00007678 oh god oh god oh god oh god protect me
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00019-00007679-00008239 protect me protect me god please oh god
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00020-00008240-00008391 now is that to me
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00021-00008392-00008759 bring it back
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00022-00008760-00008974 no
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00023-00008975-00009214 ah
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00024-00009215-00009519 he's faster than you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00025-00009520-00009899 and if you run jump sprint sprint jump
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00026-00009900-00011278 [Music]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00027-00011279-00011463 i was moving you captured him you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00028-00011464-00011742 captured him you stuck oh never mind
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00029-00011743-00011887 i undid it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00030-00011888-00012359 why why did you undo it he was stuck
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00031-00012360-00012935 what he just passed oh nevermind
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00032-00012936-00013286 ah do you want us to die
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00033-00013287-00013647 i want you to die specifically
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00034-00013647-00013766 get it get matthew get mad you get
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00035-00013768-00013886 matthew get mad to get back to get
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00036-00013887-00014271 maggie get mad get mad
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00037-00014272-00014471 i'm still falling
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00038-00014472-00014607 aidan go in here and go in here let's go
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00039-00014608-00014966 in here let's back yourself in here
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00040-00014968-00015079 we're gonna pick for it we have to
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00041-00015080-00015366 protect ourselves
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00042-00015368-00016894 i hear him he's close he's close
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00043-00016895-00017071 actually dropped oh look at him
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00044-00017072-00017207 no stop
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00045-00017208-00017286 why
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00046-00017287-00017550 why would you do that
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00047-00017551-00018191 why would you do that
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00048-00018192-00018422 he's coming he's coming matthew he's
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00049-00018423-00018511 coming
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00050-00018512-00018863 i'm the devil's advocate
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00051-00018864-00019022 you're more than that you're the fucking
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00052-00019023-00019455 devil's little helper oh god oh god
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00053-00019456-00019694 is he behind me
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00054-00019695-00020167 know yes yes he is
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00055-00020168-00020350 aiden that's not stopping him
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00056-00020351-00020535 matthew matthew why did you get rid of
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00057-00020536-00020839 it it was stopping him
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00058-00020840-00021550 it was stopping it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00059-00021551-00021703 oh my god
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00060-00021704-00022278 hello
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00061-00022279-00022575 go to matthew my sons i'm pretty sure
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00062-00022576-00022839 the horde the horde the horde the horde
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00063-00022840-00022950 the horde
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00064-00022951-00023775 oh my god there's so many
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00065-00023776-00024071 well how's it feel matthew fine i'm
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00066-00024072-00024286 alive look behind you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00067-00024287-00024599 hey man
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00068-00024600-00024924 i don't like it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00069-00024925-00025271 [Music]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00070-00025272-00025758 perfect time for you to disable it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00071-00025760-00025918 on purpose i want them to kill what does
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00072-00025919-00026483 f do lay tail all right matthew
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00073-00026483-00026743 [Applause]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00074-00026744-00026983 okay so you can see welcome to the fog
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00075-00026983-00027214 god damn it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00076-00027216-00027470 the fog thank you it's great to be here
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00077-00027472-00027590 it is great to be here isn't it all
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00078-00027591-00027807 right so i have a bit of a surprise for
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00079-00027808-00027911 you okay
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00080-00027912-00028118 i mean
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00081-00028119-00028407 i do not care
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00082-00028408-00028646 no stop stop with the fog i want you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00083-00028647-00028799 guys to look in this direction all right
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00084-00028800-00028927 if you drive over here i can give you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00085-00028927-00029127 some look at this direction god why are
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00086-00029127-00029351 you ruining my camera shot
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00087-00029352-00029814 i'm trying to make videos here
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00088-00029816-00029958 come over here in front of the camera oh
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00089-00029960-00030207 my god it's lagging so bad hi
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00090-00030208-00030335 so you guys
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00091-00030336-00030727 look in that direction
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00092-00030727-00030927 well don't do that oh there he is i'm
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00093-00030927-00031231 deleting all that one
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00094-00031232-00031495 oh i'm gonna go talk to him
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00095-00031495-00031623 i don't think that's a really good idea
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00096-00031624-00031790 i really do not think that's a great
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00097-00031791-00031927 idea
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00098-00031927-00033711 oh hello he's a wacky little funny guy
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00099-00033712-00033862 this is not the correct maze i don't
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00100-00033863-00033990 know what it is there's there's an
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00101-00033991-00034087 underground part you just went in the
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00102-00034088-00034311 normal part that's all
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00103-00034312-00034758 um
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00104-00034759-00035007 [Music]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00105-00035008-00035311 oh god i'm so terrified
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00106-00035312-00035502 what is this particle
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00107-00035503-00035911 it's not installing particles
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00108-00035912-00036007 bullets
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00109-00036008-00036374 he just crushed it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00110-00036375-00036599 sometimes the really fun one is he he
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00111-00036600-00036783 picks you up and then he smashes your
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00112-00036784-00036895 corpse in the ground a bunch of times
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00113-00036896-00037061 and your head pops off
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00114-00037062-00037262 [Applause]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00115-00037263-00037446 yeah what's the really cool thing about
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00116-00037447-00037743 spawning lots of particles
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00117-00037744-00038935 why
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00118-00038936-00039071 all right are you actually can you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00119-00039072-00039327 control him yeah i got you right if you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00120-00039328-00039471 uh hold them cnn right click them you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00121-00039472-00039671 can possess them
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00122-00039672-00039967 watch this
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00123-00039968-00040046 oh
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00124-00040047-00040230 that's terrifying i know i'm trying to
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00125-00040231-00040374 get on top of this
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00126-00040375-00040479 come over to me i'm trying to pick you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00127-00040480-00040799 up i can pick you up
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00128-00040800-00041087 you pick me up without killing me uh
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00129-00041088-00041162 sure
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00130-00041163-00041327 [Music]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00131-00041328-00041567 okay
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00132-00041568-00041655 well
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00133-00041656-00043335 davis what is that forgotten
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00134-00043336-00043574 oh no
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00135-00043575-00043743 are you trying to possess are you trying
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00136-00043744-00043871 to do possession what are you gonna do
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00137-00043872-00044095 about it what are you gonna do about it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00138-00044096-00044246 what are you gonna do about it aaron
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00139-00044247-00044511 just run in circles around it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00140-00044512-00044615 what are you gonna do what are you gonna
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00141-00044616-00044790 do about it what are you gonna do about
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00142-00044791-00045062 it what are you gonna do about it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00143-00045063-00045502 what are you going to do about it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00144-00045503-00045639 what are you going to oh
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00145-00045640-00045767 respawn
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00146-00045768-00045837 okay
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00147-00045838-00046079 [Music]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00148-00046080-00046230 what did he do he picked me up and
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00149-00046231-00046718 killed me
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00150-00046719-00047543 [Applause]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00151-00047544-00047655 i'm trying to possess him i don't think
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00152-00047656-00047879 you can possess him his model is too big
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00153-00047880-00048271 i think oh god oh god oh god he is mad
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00154-00048272-00048471 he is pissed
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00155-00048472-00048758 oh god come on
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00156-00048759-00049207 his gun and he just said no
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00157-00049208-00049558 what is this what did you spawn
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00158-00049559-00049799 the lamb the lamb nuggets has been
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00159-00049800-00049999 vanquished i see him look at me look at
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00160-00050000-00050086 him
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00161-00050087-00050246 bro
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00162-00050247-00050349 he ate me
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00163-00050350-00050502 [Applause]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00164-00050503-00050774 he literally ate me
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00165-00050775-00051030 where are you guys
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00166-00051031-00051238 i'm hiding on an island
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00167-00051239-00051446 because i can't seem to figure out how
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00168-00051447-00051879 to get over here
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00169-00051879-00052087 oh god i'm destroying my game delete
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00170-00052088-00052430 delete to delete it
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00171-00052432-00052607 i'm so sorry y'all
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00172-00052608-00052766 i tried making it to you
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00173-00052767-00053038 oh god there's so much fog
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00174-00053039-00053321 the fog
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00175-00053322-00053519 [Music]
pU-IrZ_zdnc-00176-00053520-00053751 the end
pWkd9mXwTcE-00000-00001512-00001654 he
pWkd9mXwTcE-00001-00001655-00002472 [Applause]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00002-00002473-00004690 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00003-00004691-00005416 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00004-00005417-00006518 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00005-00006519-00006688 um
pWkd9mXwTcE-00006-00006689-00007006 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00008-00010568-00012231 so
pWkd9mXwTcE-00009-00012232-00013479 uh
pWkd9mXwTcE-00010-00013480-00013624 foreign
pWkd9mXwTcE-00011-00013625-00016186 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00012-00016187-00017260 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00013-00017261-00017360 [Applause]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00014-00017361-00017767 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00015-00017768-00018637 [Applause]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00016-00018638-00018751 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00017-00018752-00019190 [Applause]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00018-00019191-00021183 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00019-00021184-00021309 is
pWkd9mXwTcE-00020-00021310-00022029 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00021-00022030-00022132 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00022-00022133-00022218 [Applause]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00023-00022219-00022927 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00024-00022928-00023260 uh
pWkd9mXwTcE-00025-00023261-00024271 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00026-00024272-00024816 is
pWkd9mXwTcE-00027-00024817-00025718 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00028-00025719-00026357 is
pWkd9mXwTcE-00029-00026358-00027590 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00030-00027591-00028679 foreign
pWkd9mXwTcE-00031-00028680-00030252 foreign
pWkd9mXwTcE-00032-00030252-00031783 [Applause]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00033-00031783-00032052 foreign
pWkd9mXwTcE-00034-00032054-00033431 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00035-00033432-00033729 me
pWkd9mXwTcE-00036-00033730-00034350 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00037-00034351-00035967 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00038-00035968-00036080 foreign
pWkd9mXwTcE-00039-00036081-00037047 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00040-00037048-00037246 [Applause]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00041-00037247-00038886 oh
pWkd9mXwTcE-00042-00038887-00039283 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00043-00039284-00039770 is oh
pWkd9mXwTcE-00044-00039771-00041830 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00045-00041831-00042389 is
pWkd9mXwTcE-00046-00042390-00043423 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00047-00043424-00043871 some days
pWkd9mXwTcE-00048-00043872-00044234 hey
pWkd9mXwTcE-00049-00044235-00046745 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00050-00046746-00047655 [Music]
pWkd9mXwTcE-00051-00047656-00048895 it's
pWkd9mXwTcE-00052-00048896-00049455 i
pWkd9mXwTcE-00053-00049456-00050383 oh
pWkd9mXwTcE-00054-00050384-00050874 [Music]
pXvu-vkC0c4-00000-00000016-00000301 [Music]
pXvu-vkC0c4-00001-00000302-00000529 you're testing is where a person
pXvu-vkC0c4-00002-00000530-00000839 attending a music festival or a rave or
pXvu-vkC0c4-00003-00000840-00001129 a similar event and intending to take
pXvu-vkC0c4-00004-00001130-00001474 some sort of drug or pill is able to
pXvu-vkC0c4-00005-00001475-00001777 have that pill tested on-site to make
pXvu-vkC0c4-00006-00001778-00002035 sure that it is relatively safe by
pXvu-vkC0c4-00007-00002036-00002293 determining what's in it however it then
pXvu-vkC0c4-00008-00002294-00002582 we don't base our ideas or our work on
pXvu-vkC0c4-00009-00002583-00002846 opinion we base it on evidence base
pXvu-vkC0c4-00010-00002847-00003179 which is why I was tasked to research
pXvu-vkC0c4-00011-00003180-00003440 pill testing to look at the evidence
pXvu-vkC0c4-00012-00003440-00003749 from reputable sources and to produce a
pXvu-vkC0c4-00013-00003750-00004004 discussion paper which demonstrated what
pXvu-vkC0c4-00014-00004004-00004352 the pros and cons were according to that
pXvu-vkC0c4-00015-00004353-00004601 research base another common argument
pXvu-vkC0c4-00016-00004602-00004823 against your testing is that it happens
pXvu-vkC0c4-00017-00004824-00005060 outside of the laboratory so the
pXvu-vkC0c4-00018-00005061-00005348 technology has deemed to be insufficient
pXvu-vkC0c4-00019-00005349-00005639 and won't pick up all the issues with
pXvu-vkC0c4-00020-00005640-00005906 pills that need to be picked up however
pXvu-vkC0c4-00021-00005907-00006182 that technology is improving day by day
pXvu-vkC0c4-00022-00006183-00006478 and we know in fact that in Europe
pXvu-vkC0c4-00023-00006479-00006695 they've been pill testing for 25 years
pXvu-vkC0c4-00024-00006695-00006989 and have had better results and in fact
pXvu-vkC0c4-00025-00006990-00007229 one of the benefits that they've found
pXvu-vkC0c4-00026-00007230-00007520 is that you're testing picks up new
pXvu-vkC0c4-00027-00007520-00007730 substances that are dull trading these
pXvu-vkC0c4-00028-00007731-00008018 pills and that gives authorities a heads
pXvu-vkC0c4-00029-00008019-00008258 up on what they're faced with dr. Dave
pXvu-vkC0c4-00030-00008259-00008495 and Caldecott from the ANU medical
pXvu-vkC0c4-00031-00008496-00008762 school led the trial and field testing
pXvu-vkC0c4-00032-00008763-00008919 and cameras
pXvu-vkC0c4-00033-00008920-00009183 first of all he said that there are two
pXvu-vkC0c4-00034-00009184-00009399 things that might change young people's
pXvu-vkC0c4-00035-00009400-00009648 minds when it comes to drug taking and
pXvu-vkC0c4-00036-00009649-00009849 they are that the idea that they might
pXvu-vkC0c4-00037-00009850-00010251 be killed and also being ripped off it
pXvu-vkC0c4-00038-00010252-00010521 all boils down to two major points of
pXvu-vkC0c4-00039-00010522-00010824 view one is the prohibition one where to
pXvu-vkC0c4-00040-00010825-00011238 promote any drug taking is wrong and the
pXvu-vkC0c4-00041-00011239-00011442 other is the harm minimisation view
pXvu-vkC0c4-00042-00011443-00011699 which says that people will still take
pXvu-vkC0c4-00043-00011700-00011927 these substances and let's make sure
pXvu-vkC0c4-00044-00011928-00012221 that they don't pay the price with their
pXvu-vkC0c4-00045-00012222-00012543 lives it's also the idea that the tests
pXvu-vkC0c4-00046-00012544-00012687 themselves are not reliable because
pXvu-vkC0c4-00047-00012688-00012912 they're out of the lab and they're on
pXvu-vkC0c4-00048-00012913-00013119 site although we know that the
pXvu-vkC0c4-00049-00013119-00013422 technology for that is improving it's an
pXvu-vkC0c4-00050-00013422-00013635 important topic because in recent years
pXvu-vkC0c4-00051-00013636-00013896 young people have died and music
pXvu-vkC0c4-00052-00013897-00014138 festivals are events from taking pills
pXvu-vkC0c4-00053-00014140-00014544 that were highly adulterate and even one
pXvu-vkC0c4-00054-00014544-00014840 life is too much but they've been many
pXvu-vkC0c4-00055-00014841-00015168 instances across Australia we need to
pXvu-vkC0c4-00056-00015169-00015443 make sure that that doesn't happen again
pXvu-vkC0c4-00057-00015444-00015791 but it is in fact a very contested issue
pXvu-vkC0c4-00058-00015793-00016106 however there's the point of view that
pXvu-vkC0c4-00059-00016107-00016449 having a pill testing unit at such an
pXvu-vkC0c4-00060-00016450-00016758 event actually promotes people taking
pXvu-vkC0c4-00061-00016759-00017190 drugs that are harmful anyway and then
pXvu-vkC0c4-00062-00017191-00017433 there's a point of view that we're
pXvu-vkC0c4-00063-00017434-00017849 looking at how minimization
pXvu-vkC0c4-00064-00017850-00018366 [Music]
pXwnWtkMwSI-00000-00000003-00000238 in economics an externality is the cost
pXwnWtkMwSI-00001-00000239-00000449 or benefit that affects a party who did
pXwnWtkMwSI-00002-00000450-00000644 not choose to incur that cost or benefit
pXwnWtkMwSI-00003-00000645-00000941 when there is no externality allocate of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00004-00000942-00001145 efficiency as achieved however this
pXwnWtkMwSI-00005-00001146-00001345 rarely happens in the free market
pXwnWtkMwSI-00006-00001346-00001589 economists often urge governments to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00007-00001590-00001801 adopt policies that will internalize an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00008-00001802-00002002 externality so that costs and benefits
pXwnWtkMwSI-00009-00002003-00002207 will affect mainly parties who choose to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00010-00002208-00002398 incur them for example manufacturing
pXwnWtkMwSI-00011-00002399-00002573 activities that cause air pollution
pXwnWtkMwSI-00012-00002574-00002831 impose health and cleanup costs on the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00013-00002832-00003016 whole society whereas the neighbours of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00014-00003017-00003160 individuals who choose to fireproof
pXwnWtkMwSI-00015-00003161-00003374 their homes may benefit from a reduced
pXwnWtkMwSI-00016-00003375-00003538 risk of a fire spreading to their own
pXwnWtkMwSI-00017-00003539-00003856 houses if external costs exist such as
pXwnWtkMwSI-00018-00003857-00004040 pollution the producer may choose to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00019-00004040-00004213 produce more of the product than would
pXwnWtkMwSI-00020-00004214-00004361 be produced if the producer were
pXwnWtkMwSI-00021-00004362-00004522 required to pay all associated
pXwnWtkMwSI-00022-00004523-00004766 environmental costs because
pXwnWtkMwSI-00023-00004767-00004994 responsibility or consequence for self
pXwnWtkMwSI-00024-00004995-00005213 directed action lies partly outside the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00025-00005214-00005426 self an element of externalization is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00026-00005427-00005699 involved if there are external benefits
pXwnWtkMwSI-00027-00005700-00005911 such as in public safety less of the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00028-00005912-00006074 good may be produced than would be the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00029-00006075-00006242 case if the producer were to receive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00030-00006243-00006418 payment for the external benefits to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00031-00006419-00006620 others for the purpose of these
pXwnWtkMwSI-00032-00006620-00006839 statements overall cost and benefit to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00033-00006840-00007052 society as defined as the sum of the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00034-00007053-00007280 imputed monetary value of benefits and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00035-00007281-00007451 costs to all parties involved
pXwnWtkMwSI-00036-00007452-00007742 thus in regulated markets in goods or
pXwnWtkMwSI-00037-00007743-00007952 services with significant externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00038-00007953-00008170 generate prices that do not reflect the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00039-00008172-00008369 full social cost or benefit of their
pXwnWtkMwSI-00040-00008370-00008573 transactions such markets are therefore
pXwnWtkMwSI-00041-00008574-00008888 inefficient topic history of the concept
pXwnWtkMwSI-00042-00008889-00009085 to British economists are credited with
pXwnWtkMwSI-00043-00009086-00009287 having initiated the formal study of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00044-00009288-00009545 externalities or spillover effects Henry
pXwnWtkMwSI-00045-00009546-00009887 Sidgwick 1838 to 1900 is credited with
pXwnWtkMwSI-00046-00009888-00010264 first articulating an arthur CP go 1877
pXwnWtkMwSI-00047-00010265-00010556 to 1959 is credited with formalizing the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00048-00010557-00010826 concept of externalities topic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00049-00010827-00011042 definitions a negative externality as
pXwnWtkMwSI-00050-00011043-00011224 any difference between the private cost
pXwnWtkMwSI-00051-00011225-00011399 of an action or decision to an economic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00052-00011400-00011723 agent and the social cost in simple
pXwnWtkMwSI-00053-00011724-00011960 terms a negative externality as anything
pXwnWtkMwSI-00054-00011961-00012124 that causes an indirect cost to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00055-00012125-00012416 individuals an example is the toxic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00056-00012417-00012602 gases that are released from industries
pXwnWtkMwSI-00057-00012603-00012662 or mines
pXwnWtkMwSI-00058-00012663-00012830 these gases cause harm to individuals
pXwnWtkMwSI-00059-00012831-00013063 within the surrounding area and have to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00060-00013064-00013283 bear a cost indirect cost to get rid of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00061-00013284-00013375 that harm
pXwnWtkMwSI-00062-00013376-00013661 conversely a positive externality as any
pXwnWtkMwSI-00063-00013662-00013847 difference between the private benefit
pXwnWtkMwSI-00064-00013848-00014012 of an action or decision to an economic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00065-00014013-00014319 agent and the social benefit topic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00066-00014319-00014508 formal definition suppose that there are
pXwnWtkMwSI-00067-00014509-00014750 K displaced aisle K different possible
pXwnWtkMwSI-00068-00014751-00014972 allocations and end display style n
pXwnWtkMwSI-00069-00014973-00015212 different agents where K n infinity
pXwnWtkMwSI-00070-00015213-00015522 display style K N and n to display style
pXwnWtkMwSI-00071-00015522-00015887 n geq to suppose that each agent has a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00072-00015888-00015947 type
pXwnWtkMwSI-00073-00015947-00016401 theta I F
pXwnWtkMwSI-00074-00016402-00016926 I zero one display style theta
pXwnWtkMwSI-00075-00016927-00017229 underscore is MF underscore I zero one
pXwnWtkMwSI-00076-00017230-00017759 and that each agent gets pay off the i
pXwnWtkMwSI-00077-00017760-00018753 theta i k plus t i display style v
pXwnWtkMwSI-00078-00018754-00019062 underscore I theta underscore i k plus T
pXwnWtkMwSI-00079-00019063-00019469 underscore I wear t
pXwnWtkMwSI-00080-00019470-00019947 I display style t underscore I is the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00081-00019948-00020405 transfer paid by the I display style i
pXwnWtkMwSI-00082-00020406-00021592 th agent a map F equals kappa t 1t
pXwnWtkMwSI-00083-00021593-00021964 n display style F equals kappa t
pXwnWtkMwSI-00084-00021965-00022252 underscore one L dots T underscore and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00085-00022253-00022808 is a social choice function if I equals
pXwnWtkMwSI-00086-00022809-00023788 one and T I theta zero display style sum
pXwnWtkMwSI-00087-00023789-00024030 underscore I equals one carat NT
pXwnWtkMwSI-00088-00024031-00024657 underscore I beta l eq 0 for all data
pXwnWtkMwSI-00089-00024658-00025332 element of 0 1 n display style theta in
pXwnWtkMwSI-00090-00025333-00025631 0 1 carat n
pXwnWtkMwSI-00091-00025632-00026580 an allocation Kappa 0 1 n K display
pXwnWtkMwSI-00092-00026581-00027014 style kappa : 0 1 carrot n 2k
pXwnWtkMwSI-00093-00027014-00027956 is ex-post efficient if i equals 1 and v
pXwnWtkMwSI-00094-00027957-00028244 theta
pXwnWtkMwSI-00095-00028245-00029270 Kappa theta I equals one and V
pXwnWtkMwSI-00096-00029270-00029916 theta I K display styled some underscore
pXwnWtkMwSI-00097-00029917-00030183 I equals one carat and B underscore I
pXwnWtkMwSI-00098-00030183-00030501 theta underscore I Kappa theta geq sum
pXwnWtkMwSI-00099-00030502-00030752 underscore I equals one carat envy
pXwnWtkMwSI-00100-00030754-00031131 underscore I theta underscore I K for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00101-00031132-00031964 all theta equals theta one theta and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00102-00031964-00032526 element of zero one
pXwnWtkMwSI-00103-00032527-00032754 display style theta equals theta
pXwnWtkMwSI-00104-00032755-00033048 underscore one L dots beta underscore n
pXwnWtkMwSI-00105-00033049-00033713 in zero one carat n and all K element of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00106-00033714-00034475 K display style kay inkay let Kappa
pXwnWtkMwSI-00107-00034476-00034858 display style kappa caret asterisk
pXwnWtkMwSI-00108-00034859-00035008 the note an exposed efficient allocation
pXwnWtkMwSI-00109-00035009-00035707 Inlet Kappa tilde I display style tilde
pXwnWtkMwSI-00110-00035708-00036028 Kappa underscore I denote an ex post
pXwnWtkMwSI-00111-00036029-00036372 efficient allocation without agent I
pXwnWtkMwSI-00112-00036373-00036754 display style I then the externality
pXwnWtkMwSI-00113-00036755-00037197 imposed by agent I display style I on
pXwnWtkMwSI-00114-00037198-00037968 the other agents as J does not equal I V
pXwnWtkMwSI-00115-00037969-00039129 J theta J Kappa tilde I theta minus I
pXwnWtkMwSI-00116-00039130-00040251 minus J does not equal I V J theta J
pXwnWtkMwSI-00117-00040252-00040687 Kappa theta display style some
pXwnWtkMwSI-00118-00040688-00041017 underscore j NE q IV underscore J theta
pXwnWtkMwSI-00119-00041018-00041311 underscore J tilde Kappa underscore I
pXwnWtkMwSI-00120-00041312-00041632 beta underscore I sum underscore j NE q
pXwnWtkMwSI-00121-00041633-00041968 ib underscore J theta underscore j kappa
pXwnWtkMwSI-00122-00041969-00042675 carat asterisk theta where theta - i
pXwnWtkMwSI-00123-00042676-00043067 display style theta underscore i is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00124-00043068-00043574 vector data display style data without
pXwnWtkMwSI-00125-00043575-00044146 its I display style i th component
pXwnWtkMwSI-00126-00044147-00044375 intuitively the first term is the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00127-00044376-00044635 hypothetical total payoff for all agents
pXwnWtkMwSI-00128-00044636-00045275 J does not equal I display style J and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00129-00045276-00045868 EQI given that agent I display style I
pXwnWtkMwSI-00130-00045869-00046175 does not exist and the second subtracted
pXwnWtkMwSI-00131-00046176-00046394 term as the actual total payoff for all
pXwnWtkMwSI-00132-00046395-00047057 agents J does not equal I display style
pXwnWtkMwSI-00133-00047058-00047618 J and EQI given that agent I display
pXwnWtkMwSI-00134-00047619-00048130 style I does exist
pXwnWtkMwSI-00135-00048131-00048670 topic implications
pXwnWtkMwSI-00136-00048671-00048878 voluntary exchange is by definition
pXwnWtkMwSI-00137-00048879-00049118 mutually beneficial to both business
pXwnWtkMwSI-00138-00049119-00049298 parties involved because the parties
pXwnWtkMwSI-00139-00049299-00049457 would not agree to undertake it if
pXwnWtkMwSI-00140-00049458-00049607 either thought it detrimental to their
pXwnWtkMwSI-00141-00049608-00049898 interests however a transaction can
pXwnWtkMwSI-00142-00049899-00050066 cause effects on third parties without
pXwnWtkMwSI-00143-00050067-00050300 their knowledge or consent from the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00144-00050301-00050465 perspective of those affected these
pXwnWtkMwSI-00145-00050466-00050669 effects may be negative pollution from a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00146-00050670-00050888 nearby factory or positive honeybees
pXwnWtkMwSI-00147-00050889-00051071 kept for honey that also pollinate
pXwnWtkMwSI-00148-00051072-00051365 neighboring crops neo-classical welfare
pXwnWtkMwSI-00149-00051366-00051583 economics asserts that under plausible
pXwnWtkMwSI-00150-00051584-00051737 conditions the existence of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00151-00051738-00051938 externalities will result in outcomes
pXwnWtkMwSI-00152-00051939-00052199 that are not socially optimal those who
pXwnWtkMwSI-00153-00052200-00052390 suffer from external costs do so
pXwnWtkMwSI-00154-00052391-00052591 involuntarily whereas those who enjoy
pXwnWtkMwSI-00155-00052592-00052894 external benefits do so at no cost a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00156-00052895-00053165 voluntary exchange may reduce societal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00157-00053166-00053429 welfare if external costs exist the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00158-00053429-00053617 person who is affected by the negative
pXwnWtkMwSI-00159-00053619-00053786 externalities in the case of air
pXwnWtkMwSI-00160-00053787-00053992 pollution will see it as lowered utility
pXwnWtkMwSI-00161-00053994-00054164 either subjective displeasure or
pXwnWtkMwSI-00162-00054165-00054383 potentially explicit costs such as
pXwnWtkMwSI-00163-00054384-00054704 higher medical expenses the externality
pXwnWtkMwSI-00164-00054704-00054892 may even be seen as a trespass on their
pXwnWtkMwSI-00165-00054894-00055087 lungs violating their property rights
pXwnWtkMwSI-00166-00055088-00055366 thus an external cost may pose an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00167-00055367-00055630 ethical or political problem negative
pXwnWtkMwSI-00168-00055632-00055867 externalities are Pareto inefficient and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00169-00055869-00056080 since Pareto efficiency underpins the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00170-00056082-00056297 justification for private property they
pXwnWtkMwSI-00171-00056298-00056479 undermine the whole idea of a market
pXwnWtkMwSI-00172-00056480-00056534 economy
pXwnWtkMwSI-00173-00056535-00056822 for these reasons negative externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00174-00056823-00057002 are more problematic than positive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00175-00057003-00057320 externalities positive externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00176-00057321-00057541 while Pareto efficient are still market
pXwnWtkMwSI-00177-00057542-00057719 failures that undermine allocate of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00178-00057720-00057904 efficiency because less of the good will
pXwnWtkMwSI-00179-00057905-00058054 be produced and would be optimal for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00180-00058055-00058267 society as a whole in a theoretical
pXwnWtkMwSI-00181-00058269-00058490 model with no government if those
pXwnWtkMwSI-00182-00058491-00058694 externalities were internalized the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00183-00058695-00058862 producer would be incentivized to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00184-00058863-00059104 produce more goods with positive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00185-00059105-00059341 externalities include education believed
pXwnWtkMwSI-00186-00059342-00059552 to increase societal productivity and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00187-00059553-00059714 well-being though some benefits are
pXwnWtkMwSI-00188-00059715-00059903 internalized in the form of higher wages
pXwnWtkMwSI-00189-00059904-00060101 public health initiatives which may
pXwnWtkMwSI-00190-00060102-00060284 reduce the health risks and costs for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00191-00060285-00060449 third parties for such things as
pXwnWtkMwSI-00192-00060450-00060620 transmittable diseases and law
pXwnWtkMwSI-00193-00060621-00060941 enforcement positive externalities are
pXwnWtkMwSI-00194-00060941-00061117 often associated with the free-rider
pXwnWtkMwSI-00195-00061119-00061394 problem for example individuals who are
pXwnWtkMwSI-00196-00061395-00061565 vaccinated reduce the risk of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00197-00061566-00061754 contracting the relevant disease for all
pXwnWtkMwSI-00198-00061754-00061940 others around them and at high levels of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00199-00061941-00062029 vaccination
pXwnWtkMwSI-00200-00062030-00062228 society may receive large health and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00201-00062229-00062444 welfare benefits herd immunity but any
pXwnWtkMwSI-00202-00062445-00062629 one individual can refuse vaccination
pXwnWtkMwSI-00203-00062630-00062815 still avoiding the disease by
pXwnWtkMwSI-00204-00062816-00063160 free-riding on the costs borne by others
pXwnWtkMwSI-00205-00063161-00063419 there are a number of theoretical means
pXwnWtkMwSI-00206-00063420-00063653 of improving overall social utility when
pXwnWtkMwSI-00207-00063654-00063929 negative externalities are involved the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00208-00063929-00064109 market-driven approach to correcting
pXwnWtkMwSI-00209-00064110-00064436 externalities is to internalize third
pXwnWtkMwSI-00210-00064437-00064691 party costs and benefits for example by
pXwnWtkMwSI-00211-00064691-00064867 requiring a polluter to repair any
pXwnWtkMwSI-00212-00064869-00065128 damage cost but in many cases
pXwnWtkMwSI-00213-00065129-00065375 internalizing costs or benefits is not
pXwnWtkMwSI-00214-00065376-00065624 feasible especially if the true monetary
pXwnWtkMwSI-00215-00065625-00065951 values cannot be determined lays a fair
pXwnWtkMwSI-00216-00065952-00066164 economist such as Friedrich Hayek and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00217-00066165-00066344 Milton Friedman sometimes refer to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00218-00066345-00066674 externalities as neighborhood effects or
pXwnWtkMwSI-00219-00066675-00067007 spill overs although externalities are
pXwnWtkMwSI-00220-00067008-00067219 not necessarily minor or localized
pXwnWtkMwSI-00221-00067220-00067486 similarly Ludwig von Mises argues that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00222-00067487-00067748 externalities arise from lack of clear
pXwnWtkMwSI-00223-00067749-00068269 personal property definition
pXwnWtkMwSI-00224-00068270-00068785 topic examples
pXwnWtkMwSI-00225-00068786-00069244 topic negative
pXwnWtkMwSI-00226-00069245-00069496 a negative externality also called
pXwnWtkMwSI-00227-00069497-00069982 external cost or external diseconomy is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00228-00069983-00070195 an economic activity that imposes a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00229-00070196-00070396 negative effect on an unrelated third
pXwnWtkMwSI-00230-00070397-00070654 party it can arise either during the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00231-00070655-00070843 production or the consumption of a good
pXwnWtkMwSI-00232-00070844-00071089 or service pollution has termed an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00233-00071090-00071317 externality because it imposes costs on
pXwnWtkMwSI-00234-00071318-00071623 people who are external to the producer
pXwnWtkMwSI-00235-00071624-00071803 and consumer of the polluting product
pXwnWtkMwSI-00236-00071804-00072055 barry commoner commented on the costs of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00237-00072056-00072379 externalities clearly we have compiled a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00238-00072380-00072580 record of serious failures in recent
pXwnWtkMwSI-00239-00072581-00072739 technological encounters with the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00240-00072740-00072988 environment in each case the new
pXwnWtkMwSI-00241-00072989-00073201 technology was brought into use before
pXwnWtkMwSI-00242-00073202-00073444 the ultimate hazards were known we have
pXwnWtkMwSI-00243-00073445-00073621 been quick to reap the benefits and slow
pXwnWtkMwSI-00244-00073622-00073942 to comprehend the costs many negative
pXwnWtkMwSI-00245-00073943-00074113 externalities are related to the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00246-00074114-00074335 environmental consequences of production
pXwnWtkMwSI-00247-00074336-00074611 in use the article on environmental
pXwnWtkMwSI-00248-00074612-00074860 economics also addresses externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00249-00074861-00075007 and how they may be addressed in the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00250-00075008-00075358 context of environmental issues examples
pXwnWtkMwSI-00251-00075359-00075553 for negative production externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00252-00075554-00075799 include air pollution from burning
pXwnWtkMwSI-00253-00075800-00076120 fossil fuels this activity causes
pXwnWtkMwSI-00254-00076121-00076372 damages to crops historic buildings and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00255-00076373-00076642 public health anthropogenic climate
pXwnWtkMwSI-00256-00076643-00076849 change is a consequence of greenhouse
pXwnWtkMwSI-00257-00076850-00077023 gas emissions from the burning of fossil
pXwnWtkMwSI-00258-00077024-00077320 fuels in the rearing of livestock the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00259-00077321-00077512 stern review on the economics of climate
pXwnWtkMwSI-00260-00077513-00077806 change says climate change presents a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00261-00077807-00078052 unique challenge for economics it is the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00262-00078053-00078289 greatest example of market failure we
pXwnWtkMwSI-00263-00078290-00078664 have ever seen water pollution by
pXwnWtkMwSI-00264-00078665-00078847 industries that adds effluent which
pXwnWtkMwSI-00265-00078848-00079159 harms plants animals and humans water
pXwnWtkMwSI-00266-00079160-00079366 usage from growing plants could impose a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00267-00079367-00079582 negative externality on citizens of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00268-00079583-00079750 counties or States who are harmed by
pXwnWtkMwSI-00269-00079751-00080056 decreased water spam during the sending
pXwnWtkMwSI-00270-00080057-00080380 of unsolicited messages by email noise
pXwnWtkMwSI-00271-00080381-00080539 pollution during the production process
pXwnWtkMwSI-00272-00080540-00080710 which may be mentally and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00273-00080711-00081043 psychologically disruptive systemic risk
pXwnWtkMwSI-00274-00081044-00081286 the risks to the overall economy arising
pXwnWtkMwSI-00275-00081287-00081421 from the risks that the banking system
pXwnWtkMwSI-00276-00081422-00081742 takes a condition of moral hazard can
pXwnWtkMwSI-00277-00081743-00081907 occur in the absence of well-designed
pXwnWtkMwSI-00278-00081908-00082129 banking regulation or in the presence of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00279-00082130-00082375 badly designed regulation
pXwnWtkMwSI-00280-00082376-00082576 negative effects of industrial farm
pXwnWtkMwSI-00281-00082577-00082825 animal production including the increase
pXwnWtkMwSI-00282-00082826-00083074 in the pool of antibiotic resistant
pXwnWtkMwSI-00283-00083075-00083284 bacteria because of the overuse of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00284-00083285-00083569 antibiotics air quality problems the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00285-00083570-00083812 contamination of rivers streams and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00286-00083813-00084046 coastal waters with concentrated animal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00287-00084047-00084358 wastes animal welfare problems mainly as
pXwnWtkMwSI-00288-00084359-00084598 a result of the extremely close quarters
pXwnWtkMwSI-00289-00084599-00084932 in which the animals are housed
pXwnWtkMwSI-00290-00084933-00085138 the depletion of the stock of fish in
pXwnWtkMwSI-00291-00085139-00085403 the ocean due to overfishing this is an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00292-00085404-00085616 example of a common property resource
pXwnWtkMwSI-00293-00085617-00085811 which is vulnerable to the tragedy of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00294-00085812-00085946 the Commons in the absence of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00295-00085947-00086167 appropriate environmental governance in
pXwnWtkMwSI-00296-00086168-00086459 the United States the cost of storing
pXwnWtkMwSI-00297-00086460-00086666 nuclear waste from nuclear plants for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00298-00086667-00086950 more than 1,000 years over 100,000 for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00299-00086951-00087131 some types of nuclear waste is in
pXwnWtkMwSI-00300-00087132-00087338 principle included in the cost of the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00301-00087339-00087532 electricity the plant produces in the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00302-00087533-00087722 form of a fee paid to the government and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00303-00087723-00087905 held in the nuclear waste Superfund
pXwnWtkMwSI-00304-00087906-00088081 although much of that fund was spent on
pXwnWtkMwSI-00305-00088082-00088244 Yucca Mountain without producing a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00306-00088245-00088517 solution conversely the costs of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00307-00088518-00088732 managing the long term risks of disposal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00308-00088733-00088934 of chemicals which may remain hazardous
pXwnWtkMwSI-00309-00088935-00089153 on similar timescales is not commonly
pXwnWtkMwSI-00310-00089154-00089444 internalized in prices the US EPA
pXwnWtkMwSI-00311-00089445-00089690 regulates chemicals for periods ranging
pXwnWtkMwSI-00312-00089691-00089984 from 100 years to a maximum of 10,000
pXwnWtkMwSI-00313-00089985-00090203 years examples of negative consumption
pXwnWtkMwSI-00314-00090204-00090473 externalities include noise pollution
pXwnWtkMwSI-00315-00090474-00090680 sleep deprivation due to a neighbor
pXwnWtkMwSI-00316-00090681-00090961 listening to loud music late at night
pXwnWtkMwSI-00317-00090962-00091184 antibiotic resistance caused by
pXwnWtkMwSI-00318-00091185-00091378 increased usage of antibiotics
pXwnWtkMwSI-00319-00091379-00091582 individuals do not consider this
pXwnWtkMwSI-00320-00091583-00091775 efficacy cost when making usage
pXwnWtkMwSI-00321-00091776-00092030 decisions government policies proposed
pXwnWtkMwSI-00322-00092031-00092210 to preserve future antibiotic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00323-00092211-00092399 effectiveness include educational
pXwnWtkMwSI-00324-00092400-00092663 campaigns regulation the Galleon taxes
pXwnWtkMwSI-00325-00092664-00093011 and patents passive smoking shared costs
pXwnWtkMwSI-00326-00093012-00093212 of declining health and vitality caused
pXwnWtkMwSI-00327-00093213-00093554 by smoking and/or alcohol abuse here the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00328-00093555-00093884 cost is that of providing minimum social
pXwnWtkMwSI-00329-00093885-00094124 welfare economists more frequently
pXwnWtkMwSI-00330-00094125-00094325 attribute this problem to the category
pXwnWtkMwSI-00331-00094326-00094523 of moral hazards the prospect that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00332-00094524-00094726 parties insulated from risk may behave
pXwnWtkMwSI-00333-00094727-00094874 differently from the way they would if
pXwnWtkMwSI-00334-00094875-00095129 they were fully exposed to the risk for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00335-00095130-00095336 example individuals with insurance
pXwnWtkMwSI-00336-00095337-00095525 against automobile theft may be less
pXwnWtkMwSI-00337-00095526-00095681 vigilant about locking their cars
pXwnWtkMwSI-00338-00095682-00095873 because the negative consequences of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00339-00095874-00096086 automobile theft are partially borne by
pXwnWtkMwSI-00340-00096087-00096388 the insurance company traffic congestion
pXwnWtkMwSI-00341-00096389-00096635 when more people use public roads Road
pXwnWtkMwSI-00342-00096636-00096899 users experience congestion costs such
pXwnWtkMwSI-00343-00096900-00097091 as more waiting in traffic and longer
pXwnWtkMwSI-00344-00097092-00097375 trip times increased Road users also
pXwnWtkMwSI-00345-00097376-00097538 increase the likelihood of road
pXwnWtkMwSI-00346-00097539-00097882 accidents price increases consumption by
pXwnWtkMwSI-00347-00097883-00098078 one consumer of goods in addition to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00348-00098079-00098285 their existing supply causes prices to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00349-00098286-00098330 rise
pXwnWtkMwSI-00350-00098331-00098501 and therefore makes other consumers
pXwnWtkMwSI-00351-00098502-00098732 worse off perhaps by preventing reducing
pXwnWtkMwSI-00352-00098733-00098954 or delaying their consumption these
pXwnWtkMwSI-00353-00098955-00099211 effects are sometimes called pecuniary
pXwnWtkMwSI-00354-00099212-00099473 externalities and are distinguished from
pXwnWtkMwSI-00355-00099474-00099872 real externalities or technological
pXwnWtkMwSI-00356-00099873-00100205 externalities pecuniary externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00357-00100206-00100364 appear to be externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00358-00100365-00100499 but occur within the market mechanism
pXwnWtkMwSI-00359-00100500-00100718 and are not considered to be a source of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00360-00100719-00100946 market failure or inefficiency although
pXwnWtkMwSI-00361-00100947-00101078 they may still result in substantial
pXwnWtkMwSI-00362-00101079-00101423 harm to others secondhand smoke from
pXwnWtkMwSI-00363-00101424-00101657 cigarettes or marijuana as cannabis
pXwnWtkMwSI-00364-00101658-00101900 legalization is considered one potential
pXwnWtkMwSI-00365-00101901-00102080 negative consumption externality
pXwnWtkMwSI-00366-00102081-00102305 associated with legalization policy
pXwnWtkMwSI-00367-00102306-00102484 could be the secondhand smoke that could
pXwnWtkMwSI-00368-00102485-00102680 harm others lungs and or secondhand
pXwnWtkMwSI-00369-00102681-00102998 highs
pXwnWtkMwSI-00370-00102999-00103482 topic positive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00371-00103483-00103733 a positive externality also called
pXwnWtkMwSI-00372-00103734-00104214 external benefit or external economy or
pXwnWtkMwSI-00373-00104215-00104559 beneficial externality is the positive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00374-00104560-00104751 effect an activity imposes on an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00375-00104752-00105025 unrelated third party similar to a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00376-00105026-00105244 negative externality it can arise either
pXwnWtkMwSI-00377-00105245-00105402 on the production side or on the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00378-00105403-00105706 consumption side examples of positive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00379-00105707-00105977 production externalities include a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00380-00105978-00106191 beekeeper who keeps the bees for their
pXwnWtkMwSI-00381-00106192-00106468 honey a side effect or externality
pXwnWtkMwSI-00382-00106469-00106677 associated with such activity as the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00383-00106678-00106870 pollination of surrounding crops by the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00384-00106871-00107119 bees the value generated by the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00385-00107120-00107313 pollination may be more important than
pXwnWtkMwSI-00386-00107314-00107581 the value of the harvested honey the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00387-00107582-00107794 construction and operation of an airport
pXwnWtkMwSI-00388-00107795-00108019 this will benefit local businesses
pXwnWtkMwSI-00389-00108020-00108335 because of the increased accessibility
pXwnWtkMwSI-00390-00108336-00108567 an industrial company providing first
pXwnWtkMwSI-00391-00108568-00108768 aid classes for employees to increase
pXwnWtkMwSI-00392-00108769-00109056 on-the-job safety this may also save
pXwnWtkMwSI-00393-00109057-00109383 lives outside the factory a foreign firm
pXwnWtkMwSI-00394-00109383-00109521 that demonstrates up-to-date
pXwnWtkMwSI-00395-00109522-00109743 technologies to local firms and improves
pXwnWtkMwSI-00396-00109744-00110040 their productivity examples of positive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00397-00110041-00110329 consumption externalities include an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00398-00110330-00110558 individual who maintains an attractive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00399-00110559-00110745 house may confer benefits to neighbors
pXwnWtkMwSI-00400-00110746-00110946 in the form of increased market values
pXwnWtkMwSI-00401-00110947-00111219 for their properties an individual
pXwnWtkMwSI-00402-00111220-00111375 receiving a vaccination for a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00403-00111376-00111588 communicable disease not only decreases
pXwnWtkMwSI-00404-00111589-00111783 the likelihood of the individual's own
pXwnWtkMwSI-00405-00111783-00111969 infection but also decreases the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00406-00111970-00112164 likelihood of others becoming infected
pXwnWtkMwSI-00407-00112165-00112379 through contact with the individual see
pXwnWtkMwSI-00408-00112380-00112679 herd immunity increased education of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00409-00112680-00112878 individuals as this can lead to broader
pXwnWtkMwSI-00410-00112879-00113097 society benefits in the form of greater
pXwnWtkMwSI-00411-00113098-00113283 economic productivity a lower
pXwnWtkMwSI-00412-00113283-00113478 unemployment rate greater household
pXwnWtkMwSI-00413-00113479-00113684 mobility and higher rates of political
pXwnWtkMwSI-00414-00113685-00113994 participation an individual buying a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00415-00113995-00114168 product that is interconnected in a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00416-00114169-00114465 network eg a smartphone this will
pXwnWtkMwSI-00417-00114466-00114651 increase the usefulness of such phones
pXwnWtkMwSI-00418-00114652-00114804 to other people who have a video
pXwnWtkMwSI-00419-00114805-00115056 cellphone when each new user of a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00420-00115057-00115259 product increases the value of the same
pXwnWtkMwSI-00421-00115260-00115454 product owned by others the phenomenon
pXwnWtkMwSI-00422-00115455-00115656 is called a network externality or a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00423-00115657-00115944 network effect network externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00424-00115945-00116244 often have tipping points where suddenly
pXwnWtkMwSI-00425-00116245-00116469 the product reaches general acceptance
pXwnWtkMwSI-00426-00116470-00116796 and near universal usage in an area that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00427-00116797-00116991 does not have a public fire department
pXwnWtkMwSI-00428-00116992-00117171 homeowners who purchase private fire
pXwnWtkMwSI-00429-00117172-00117369 protection services provide a positive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00430-00117370-00117588 externality to neighboring properties
pXwnWtkMwSI-00431-00117589-00117777 which are less at risk of the protected
pXwnWtkMwSI-00432-00117778-00117915 neighbors fire spreading to their
pXwnWtkMwSI-00433-00117916-00118125 unprotected house the existence or
pXwnWtkMwSI-00434-00118126-00118308 management of externalities may give
pXwnWtkMwSI-00435-00118308-00118529 rise to political or legal conflicts
pXwnWtkMwSI-00436-00118530-00118758 collective solutions or public policies
pXwnWtkMwSI-00437-00118758-00118941 are implemented to regulate activities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00438-00118942-00119431 with positive or negative externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00439-00119432-00119928 topic positional
pXwnWtkMwSI-00440-00119929-00120228 a position externality occurs when new
pXwnWtkMwSI-00441-00120229-00120465 purchases alter the relevant context
pXwnWtkMwSI-00442-00120466-00120687 within which an existing positional good
pXwnWtkMwSI-00443-00120688-00121035 is evaluated Robert H Frank gives the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00444-00121036-00121350 following example if some job candidates
pXwnWtkMwSI-00445-00121351-00121560 begin wearing expensive custom tailored
pXwnWtkMwSI-00446-00121561-00121764 suits a side effect of their action is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00447-00121765-00121929 that other candidates become less likely
pXwnWtkMwSI-00448-00121930-00122119 to make favorable impressions on
pXwnWtkMwSI-00449-00122120-00122358 interviewers from any individual
pXwnWtkMwSI-00450-00122359-00122535 jobseekers point of view the best
pXwnWtkMwSI-00451-00122536-00122724 response might be to match the higher
pXwnWtkMwSI-00452-00122725-00122961 expenditures of others Lester chances of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00453-00122962-00123216 landing the job fall but this outcome
pXwnWtkMwSI-00454-00123217-00123408 may be inefficient since when all spend
pXwnWtkMwSI-00455-00123409-00123615 more each candidates probability of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00456-00123616-00123909 success remains unchanged all may agree
pXwnWtkMwSI-00457-00123910-00124096 that some form of collective restraint
pXwnWtkMwSI-00458-00124097-00124323 on expenditure would be useful Frank
pXwnWtkMwSI-00459-00124324-00124495 notes that treating positional
pXwnWtkMwSI-00460-00124496-00124725 externalities like other externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00461-00124726-00125064 might lead to intrusive economic and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00462-00125065-00125340 social regulation quote he argues
pXwnWtkMwSI-00463-00125341-00125569 however that less intrusive and more
pXwnWtkMwSI-00464-00125570-00125889 efficient means of limiting the costs of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00465-00125890-00126138 expenditure cascades ie
pXwnWtkMwSI-00466-00126139-00126421 the hypothesized increase in spending of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00467-00126422-00126612 middle-income families beyond their
pXwnWtkMwSI-00468-00126613-00126907 means because of indirect effects
pXwnWtkMwSI-00469-00126908-00127104 associated with increased spending by
pXwnWtkMwSI-00470-00127105-00127408 top earners exist one such method as the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00471-00127408-00127813 personal income tax
pXwnWtkMwSI-00472-00127814-00128322 topic infra marginal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00473-00128323-00128544 in four marginal externalities are
pXwnWtkMwSI-00474-00128545-00128718 externalities in which there is no
pXwnWtkMwSI-00475-00128719-00128933 benefit or loss to the marginal consumer
pXwnWtkMwSI-00476-00128934-00129191 in other words people neither gain nor
pXwnWtkMwSI-00477-00129192-00129440 lose anything at the margin but benefits
pXwnWtkMwSI-00478-00129441-00129657 and costs do exist for those consumers
pXwnWtkMwSI-00479-00129658-00130167 within the given infomercial range
pXwnWtkMwSI-00480-00130168-00130656 topic technological
pXwnWtkMwSI-00481-00130657-00130900 technological externalities directly
pXwnWtkMwSI-00482-00130901-00131071 affect a firm's production and therefore
pXwnWtkMwSI-00483-00131072-00131253 indirectly influence an individual's
pXwnWtkMwSI-00484-00131254-00131488 consumption and the overall impact of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00485-00131489-00131929 society
pXwnWtkMwSI-00486-00131930-00132527 topic supply and demand diagram
pXwnWtkMwSI-00487-00132528-00132764 the usual economic analysis of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00488-00132765-00132983 externalities can be illustrated using a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00489-00132984-00133205 standard supply and demand diagram if
pXwnWtkMwSI-00490-00133206-00133376 the externality can be valued in terms
pXwnWtkMwSI-00491-00133377-00133709 of money an extra supply or demand curve
pXwnWtkMwSI-00492-00133710-00134018 is added as in the diagrams below one of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00493-00134019-00134201 the curves as the private cost that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00494-00134202-00134390 consumers pay as individuals for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00495-00134391-00134576 additional quantities of the good which
pXwnWtkMwSI-00496-00134577-00134777 in competitive markets is the marginal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00497-00134778-00135062 private cost the other curve as the true
pXwnWtkMwSI-00498-00135063-00135290 cost that society as a whole pays for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00499-00135291-00135479 production and consumption of increased
pXwnWtkMwSI-00500-00135480-00135659 production the good or the marginal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00501-00135660-00135763 social cost
pXwnWtkMwSI-00502-00135764-00136019 similarly there might be two curves for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00503-00136020-00136265 the demand or benefit of the good the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00504-00136266-00136457 social demand curve would reflect the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00505-00136458-00136679 benefit to society as a whole while the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00506-00136680-00136892 normal demand curve reflects the benefit
pXwnWtkMwSI-00507-00136893-00137078 to consumers as individuals and is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00508-00137079-00137258 reflected as effective demand in the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00509-00137259-00137561 market what curve is added depends on
pXwnWtkMwSI-00510-00137562-00137726 the type of externality that is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00511-00137727-00137918 described but not whether it is positive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00512-00137919-00138013 or negative
pXwnWtkMwSI-00513-00138014-00138281 whenever an externality arises on the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00514-00138282-00138479 production side there will be two supply
pXwnWtkMwSI-00515-00138480-00138764 curves private and social cost however
pXwnWtkMwSI-00516-00138765-00138983 if the externality arises on the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00517-00138984-00139148 consumption side there will be two
pXwnWtkMwSI-00518-00139149-00139358 demand curves instead private and social
pXwnWtkMwSI-00519-00139359-00139652 benefit this distinction is essential
pXwnWtkMwSI-00520-00139653-00139739 when it comes to resolving
pXwnWtkMwSI-00521-00139740-00139943 inefficiencies that are caused by
pXwnWtkMwSI-00522-00139944-00140311 externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00523-00140312-00140853 topic external costs
pXwnWtkMwSI-00524-00140854-00141045 the graph shows the effects of a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00525-00141046-00141300 negative externality for example the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00526-00141301-00141498 steel industry is assumed to be selling
pXwnWtkMwSI-00527-00141499-00141711 in a competitive market before pollution
pXwnWtkMwSI-00528-00141712-00141931 control laws were imposed and enforced
pXwnWtkMwSI-00529-00141932-00142254 eg underlays a fair the marginal private
pXwnWtkMwSI-00530-00142255-00142470 cost is less than the marginal social or
pXwnWtkMwSI-00531-00142471-00142623 public cost by the amount of the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00532-00142624-00142857 external cost ie the cost of air
pXwnWtkMwSI-00533-00142858-00143112 pollution and water pollution this is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00534-00143113-00143295 represented by the vertical distance
pXwnWtkMwSI-00535-00143296-00143562 between the two supply curves it is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00536-00143563-00143703 assumed that there are no external
pXwnWtkMwSI-00537-00143704-00143934 benefits so that social benefit equals
pXwnWtkMwSI-00538-00143935-00144249 individual benefit if the consumers only
pXwnWtkMwSI-00539-00144250-00144453 take into account their own private cost
pXwnWtkMwSI-00540-00144454-00144654 they will end up at price P P and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00541-00144655-00144849 quantity QP instead of the more
pXwnWtkMwSI-00542-00144850-00145062 efficient price P's and quantity Q's
pXwnWtkMwSI-00543-00145063-00145332 these latter reflect the idea that the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00544-00145333-00145536 marginal social benefit should equal the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00545-00145537-00145719 marginal social cost that is that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00546-00145720-00145894 production should be increased only as
pXwnWtkMwSI-00547-00145895-00146088 long as the marginal social benefit
pXwnWtkMwSI-00548-00146089-00146364 exceeds the marginal social cost the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00549-00146365-00146532 result is that a free market is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00550-00146533-00146769 inefficient since at the quantity QP the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00551-00146770-00146964 social benefit is less than the social
pXwnWtkMwSI-00552-00146965-00147165 cost so society as a whole would be
pXwnWtkMwSI-00553-00147166-00147394 better off if the goods between QP and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00554-00147395-00147690 Q's had not been produced the problem is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00555-00147691-00147891 that people are buying and consuming too
pXwnWtkMwSI-00556-00147892-00148212 much steel this discussion implies that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00557-00148213-00148437 negative externalities such as pollution
pXwnWtkMwSI-00558-00148438-00148620 are more than merely an ethical problem
pXwnWtkMwSI-00559-00148621-00148872 the problem is one of the disjuncture x'
pXwnWtkMwSI-00560-00148873-00149049 between marginal private and social
pXwnWtkMwSI-00561-00149050-00149244 costs that are not solved by the free
pXwnWtkMwSI-00562-00149245-00149511 market it is a problem of societal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00563-00149512-00149703 communication and coordination to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00564-00149704-00149976 balance costs and benefits this also
pXwnWtkMwSI-00565-00149977-00150189 implies that pollution is not something
pXwnWtkMwSI-00566-00150190-00150462 solved by competitive markets some
pXwnWtkMwSI-00567-00150463-00150669 collective solution is needed such as a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00568-00150670-00150885 court system to allow parties affected
pXwnWtkMwSI-00569-00150886-00151056 by the pollution to be compensated
pXwnWtkMwSI-00570-00151057-00151233 government intervention banning or
pXwnWtkMwSI-00571-00151234-00151431 discouraging pollution or economic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00572-00151432-00151945 incentives such as green taxes
pXwnWtkMwSI-00573-00151946-00152438 topic external benefits
pXwnWtkMwSI-00574-00152439-00152633 the graph shows the effects of a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00575-00152634-00152909 positive or beneficial externality for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00576-00152910-00153140 example the industry supplying smallpox
pXwnWtkMwSI-00577-00153141-00153356 vaccinations is assumed to be selling in
pXwnWtkMwSI-00578-00153357-00153596 a competitive market the marginal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00579-00153597-00153743 private benefit of getting the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00580-00153744-00153932 vaccination is less than the marginal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00581-00153933-00154145 social or public benefit by the amount
pXwnWtkMwSI-00582-00154146-00154340 of the external benefit for example
pXwnWtkMwSI-00583-00154341-00154547 society as a whole is increasingly
pXwnWtkMwSI-00584-00154548-00154727 protected from smallpox by each
pXwnWtkMwSI-00585-00154728-00154934 vaccination including those who refuse
pXwnWtkMwSI-00586-00154935-00155222 to participate this marginal external
pXwnWtkMwSI-00587-00155223-00155435 benefit of getting a smallpox shot is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00588-00155436-00155621 represented by the vertical distance
pXwnWtkMwSI-00589-00155622-00155890 between the two demand curves assume
pXwnWtkMwSI-00590-00155891-00156089 there are no external costs so that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00591-00156090-00156382 social cost equals individual cost if
pXwnWtkMwSI-00592-00156383-00156623 consumers only take into account their
pXwnWtkMwSI-00593-00156624-00156785 own private benefits from getting
pXwnWtkMwSI-00594-00156786-00156989 vaccinations the market will end up at
pXwnWtkMwSI-00595-00156990-00157238 price P P and quantity QP as before
pXwnWtkMwSI-00596-00157239-00157441 instead of the more efficient price P's
pXwnWtkMwSI-00597-00157442-00157718 and quantity Q's this ladder again
pXwnWtkMwSI-00598-00157719-00157895 reflect the idea that the marginal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00599-00157896-00158075 social benefit should equal the marginal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00600-00158076-00158351 social cost ie that production should be
pXwnWtkMwSI-00601-00158352-00158537 increased as long as the marginal social
pXwnWtkMwSI-00602-00158538-00158773 benefit exceeds the marginal social cost
pXwnWtkMwSI-00603-00158774-00159053 the result in an unfettered market is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00604-00159054-00159290 inefficient since at the quantity QP the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00605-00159291-00159454 social benefit is greater than the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00606-00159455-00159674 societal cost so society as a whole
pXwnWtkMwSI-00607-00159675-00159878 would be better off if more goods had
pXwnWtkMwSI-00608-00159879-00160121 been produced the problem is that people
pXwnWtkMwSI-00609-00160122-00160441 are buying too few vaccinations the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00610-00160442-00160664 issue of external benefits is related to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00611-00160665-00160847 that of public goods which are goods
pXwnWtkMwSI-00612-00160848-00160982 where it is difficult if not impossible
pXwnWtkMwSI-00613-00160983-00161303 to exclude people from benefits the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00614-00161304-00161450 production of a public good has
pXwnWtkMwSI-00615-00161451-00161693 beneficial externalities for all or
pXwnWtkMwSI-00616-00161694-00161951 almost all of the public as with
pXwnWtkMwSI-00617-00161952-00162164 external costs there is a problem here
pXwnWtkMwSI-00618-00162165-00162335 of societal communication and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00619-00162336-00162527 coordination to balance benefits and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00620-00162528-00162848 costs this also implies that vaccination
pXwnWtkMwSI-00621-00162849-00163046 is not something solved by competitive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00622-00163047-00163310 markets the government may have to step
pXwnWtkMwSI-00623-00163311-00163490 in with a collective solution such as
pXwnWtkMwSI-00624-00163491-00163751 subsidizing or legally requiring vaccine
pXwnWtkMwSI-00625-00163752-00164012 years if the government does this the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00626-00164013-00164273 good is called a merit good examples
pXwnWtkMwSI-00627-00164274-00164465 include policies to accelerate the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00628-00164466-00164657 introduction of electric vehicles or
pXwnWtkMwSI-00629-00164658-00164854 promote cycling both of which benefit
pXwnWtkMwSI-00630-00164855-00165220 public health
pXwnWtkMwSI-00631-00165221-00165728 topic causes
pXwnWtkMwSI-00632-00165729-00165989 externalities often arise from poorly
pXwnWtkMwSI-00633-00165990-00166259 defined property rights while property
pXwnWtkMwSI-00634-00166260-00166466 rights to some things such as objects
pXwnWtkMwSI-00635-00166467-00166694 land and money can be easily defined and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00636-00166695-00166913 protected air water and wild animals
pXwnWtkMwSI-00637-00166914-00167159 often flow freely across personal and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00638-00167160-00167330 political borders making it much more
pXwnWtkMwSI-00639-00167331-00167582 difficult to assign ownership this
pXwnWtkMwSI-00640-00167583-00167792 incentivizes agents to consume them
pXwnWtkMwSI-00641-00167793-00167987 without paying the full cost leading to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00642-00167988-00168239 negative externalities positive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00643-00168240-00168434 externalities similarly accrue from
pXwnWtkMwSI-00644-00168435-00168671 poorly defined property rights for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00645-00168672-00168860 example a person who gets a flu
pXwnWtkMwSI-00646-00168861-00169067 vaccination cannot own part of the herd
pXwnWtkMwSI-00647-00169068-00169304 immunity this confers on society so they
pXwnWtkMwSI-00648-00169305-00169742 may choose not to be vaccinated
pXwnWtkMwSI-00649-00169743-00170311 topic possible solutions
pXwnWtkMwSI-00650-00170312-00170953 topic solutions in non-market economies
pXwnWtkMwSI-00651-00170954-00171202 many externalities arise from lack of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00652-00171203-00171509 property rights consequently introducing
pXwnWtkMwSI-00653-00171510-00171700 property rights will internalize many
pXwnWtkMwSI-00654-00171701-00171988 costs and benefits in a gift economy
pXwnWtkMwSI-00655-00171989-00172228 people are expected to consume what they
pXwnWtkMwSI-00656-00172229-00172469 are given if they consume a gift which
pXwnWtkMwSI-00657-00172470-00172672 they value less than somebody else that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00658-00172673-00172861 other person who cannot consume it is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00659-00172862-00173149 harmed an externality a market system
pXwnWtkMwSI-00660-00173150-00173360 will reduce this kind of externality
pXwnWtkMwSI-00661-00173361-00173560 because the person who values it less is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00662-00173561-00173735 more likely to trade it away and the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00663-00173736-00173941 person who values it more is more likely
pXwnWtkMwSI-00664-00173942-00174288 to trade for it
pXwnWtkMwSI-00665-00174289-00174892 topic solutions in market economies
pXwnWtkMwSI-00666-00174893-00175114 there is no market solution that will
pXwnWtkMwSI-00667-00175115-00175299 internalize all externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00668-00175300-00175522 consequently elements of the moral
pXwnWtkMwSI-00669-00175523-00175750 economy must be used including social
pXwnWtkMwSI-00670-00175751-00176029 norms law leadership and hierarchy all
pXwnWtkMwSI-00671-00176030-00176224 of these structures are grounded in
pXwnWtkMwSI-00672-00176225-00176425 trust which when supplemented with
pXwnWtkMwSI-00673-00176426-00176599 sanctions can be used to generate
pXwnWtkMwSI-00674-00176600-00176875 complex institutional forms that can
pXwnWtkMwSI-00675-00176876-00177109 sustain outcomes that are not strategic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00676-00177110-00177412 equilibria there are several general
pXwnWtkMwSI-00677-00177413-00177604 types of solutions to the problem of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00678-00177605-00177826 externalities including both public and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00679-00177827-00178162 private sector resolutions corporations
pXwnWtkMwSI-00680-00178163-00178375 or partnerships will allow confidential
pXwnWtkMwSI-00681-00178376-00178549 sharing of information among members
pXwnWtkMwSI-00682-00178550-00178753 reducing the positive externalities that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00683-00178754-00178918 would occur if the information were
pXwnWtkMwSI-00684-00178919-00179125 shared in an economy consisting only of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00685-00179126-00179335 individuals
pXwnWtkMwSI-00686-00179336-00179626 Pigovian taxes are subsidies intended to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00687-00179627-00179821 redress economic injustice Azur
pXwnWtkMwSI-00688-00179822-00180169 imbalances regulation to limit activity
pXwnWtkMwSI-00689-00180170-00180414 that might cause negative externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00690-00180415-00180649 government provision of services with
pXwnWtkMwSI-00691-00180650-00180952 positive externalities lawsuits to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00692-00180953-00181165 compensate affected parties for negative
pXwnWtkMwSI-00693-00181166-00181504 externalities mediation or negotiation
pXwnWtkMwSI-00694-00181505-00181720 between those affected by externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00695-00181721-00181975 and those causing Tama Pigovian tax also
pXwnWtkMwSI-00696-00181976-00182200 called pigouvian tax after economist
pXwnWtkMwSI-00697-00182201-00182446 Arthur CP go is a tax imposed that is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00698-00182447-00182602 equal in value to the negative
pXwnWtkMwSI-00699-00182603-00182857 externality the result is that the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00700-00182858-00183034 market outcome would be reduced to the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00701-00183035-00183286 efficient amount a side effect is that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00702-00183287-00183469 revenue is raised for the government
pXwnWtkMwSI-00703-00183470-00183646 reducing the amount of distortionary
pXwnWtkMwSI-00704-00183647-00183835 taxes that the government must impose
pXwnWtkMwSI-00705-00183836-00184102 elsewhere government's justify the use
pXwnWtkMwSI-00706-00184103-00184306 of Pigovian taxes saying that these
pXwnWtkMwSI-00707-00184307-00184513 taxes help the market reach an efficient
pXwnWtkMwSI-00708-00184514-00184702 outcome because this tax bridges the gap
pXwnWtkMwSI-00709-00184703-00184924 between marginal social costs and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00710-00184925-00185140 marginal private costs some arguments
pXwnWtkMwSI-00711-00185141-00185356 against Pigovian taxes say that the tax
pXwnWtkMwSI-00712-00185357-00185539 does not account for all the transfers
pXwnWtkMwSI-00713-00185540-00185698 and regulations involved with an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00714-00185699-00186010 externality in other words the tax only
pXwnWtkMwSI-00715-00186011-00186190 considers the amount of externality
pXwnWtkMwSI-00716-00186191-00186463 produced another argument against the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00717-00186464-00186643 tax is that it does not take private
pXwnWtkMwSI-00718-00186644-00186907 property into consideration under the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00719-00186908-00187105 pig Obion system one firm for example
pXwnWtkMwSI-00720-00187106-00187357 can be taxed more than another firm even
pXwnWtkMwSI-00721-00187358-00187504 though the other firm is actually
pXwnWtkMwSI-00722-00187505-00187651 producing greater amounts of the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00723-00187652-00187855 negative externality however the most
pXwnWtkMwSI-00724-00187856-00188059 common type of solution as a tacit
pXwnWtkMwSI-00725-00188060-00188274 agreement through the political process
pXwnWtkMwSI-00726-00188275-00188449 governments are elected to represent
pXwnWtkMwSI-00727-00188450-00188656 citizens and to strike political
pXwnWtkMwSI-00728-00188657-00188889 compromises between various interests
pXwnWtkMwSI-00729-00188890-00189139 normally governments pass laws and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00730-00189140-00189325 regulations to address pollution and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00731-00189326-00189592 other types of environmental harm these
pXwnWtkMwSI-00732-00189593-00189796 laws and regulations can take the form
pXwnWtkMwSI-00733-00189797-00190132 of command and control regulation such
pXwnWtkMwSI-00734-00190133-00190381 as setting standards targets or process
pXwnWtkMwSI-00735-00190382-00190597 requirements or environmental pricing
pXwnWtkMwSI-00736-00190598-00190789 reform such as Eco taxes or other
pXwnWtkMwSI-00737-00190790-00191020 Pigovian taxes tradable pollution
pXwnWtkMwSI-00738-00191021-00191218 permits or the creation of markets for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00739-00191219-00191494 ecological services the second type of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00740-00191495-00191731 resolution as a purely private agreement
pXwnWtkMwSI-00741-00191732-00191986 between the parties involved government
pXwnWtkMwSI-00742-00191987-00192213 intervention might not always be needed
pXwnWtkMwSI-00743-00192214-00192409 traditional ways of life may have
pXwnWtkMwSI-00744-00192410-00192607 evolved as ways to deal with external
pXwnWtkMwSI-00745-00192608-00192765 costs and benefits
pXwnWtkMwSI-00746-00192766-00192973 alternatively democratically run
pXwnWtkMwSI-00747-00192974-00193168 communities can agree to deal with these
pXwnWtkMwSI-00748-00193169-00193440 costs and benefits in an amicable way
pXwnWtkMwSI-00749-00193441-00193681 externalities can sometimes be resolved
pXwnWtkMwSI-00750-00193682-00193834 by agreement between the parties
pXwnWtkMwSI-00751-00193835-00194083 involved this resolution may even come
pXwnWtkMwSI-00752-00194084-00194197 about because of the threat of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00753-00194198-00194503 government action the private sector may
pXwnWtkMwSI-00754-00194504-00194722 sometimes be able to drive society to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00755-00194723-00195001 the socially optimal resolution Ronald
pXwnWtkMwSI-00756-00195002-00195172 Coase argued that an efficient outcome
pXwnWtkMwSI-00757-00195173-00195340 can sometimes be reached without
pXwnWtkMwSI-00758-00195341-00195601 government intervention some take this
pXwnWtkMwSI-00759-00195602-00195799 argument further and make the political
pXwnWtkMwSI-00760-00195800-00195961 claim that government should restrict
pXwnWtkMwSI-00761-00195962-00196147 its role to facilitating bargaining
pXwnWtkMwSI-00762-00196148-00196360 among the affected groups or individuals
pXwnWtkMwSI-00763-00196361-00196549 and to enforcing any contracts that
pXwnWtkMwSI-00764-00196550-00196861 result this result often known as the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00765-00196862-00197154 Coase theorem requires that property
pXwnWtkMwSI-00766-00197155-00197419 rights be well defined people act
pXwnWtkMwSI-00767-00197420-00197752 rationally transaction costs be minimal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00768-00197753-00198064 costless bargaining complete information
pXwnWtkMwSI-00769-00198065-00198253 if all of these conditions apply the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00770-00198254-00198436 private parties can bargain to solve the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00771-00198437-00198733 problem of externalities the second part
pXwnWtkMwSI-00772-00198734-00198907 of the Coase theorem asserts that when
pXwnWtkMwSI-00773-00198908-00199102 these conditions hold whoever holds the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00774-00199103-00199303 property rights a Pareto efficient
pXwnWtkMwSI-00775-00199304-00199426 outcome will be reached through
pXwnWtkMwSI-00776-00199427-00199696 bargaining this theorem would not apply
pXwnWtkMwSI-00777-00199697-00199882 to the steel industry case discussed
pXwnWtkMwSI-00778-00199883-00200176 above for example with a steel factory
pXwnWtkMwSI-00779-00200177-00200356 that tresses on the lungs of a large
pXwnWtkMwSI-00780-00200357-00200566 number of individuals with pollution it
pXwnWtkMwSI-00781-00200567-00200779 is difficult if not impossible for any
pXwnWtkMwSI-00782-00200780-00200950 one person to negotiate with the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00783-00200951-00201157 producer and there are large transaction
pXwnWtkMwSI-00784-00201158-00201216 costs
pXwnWtkMwSI-00785-00201217-00201484 hence the most common approach may be to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00786-00201485-00201691 regulate the firm by imposing limits on
pXwnWtkMwSI-00787-00201692-00201844 the amount of pollution considered
pXwnWtkMwSI-00788-00201845-00202084 acceptable while paying for the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00789-00202085-00202288 regulation and enforcement with taxes
pXwnWtkMwSI-00790-00202289-00202513 the case of the vaccinations would also
pXwnWtkMwSI-00791-00202514-00202711 not satisfy the requirements of the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00792-00202712-00202945 Coase theorem since the potential
pXwnWtkMwSI-00793-00202946-00203170 external beneficiaries of vaccinations
pXwnWtkMwSI-00794-00203171-00203341 are the people themselves the people
pXwnWtkMwSI-00795-00203342-00203509 would have to self-organize to pay each
pXwnWtkMwSI-00796-00203510-00203749 other to be vaccinated but such an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00797-00203750-00203941 organization that involves the entire
pXwnWtkMwSI-00798-00203942-00204145 populace would be indistinguishable from
pXwnWtkMwSI-00799-00204146-00204441 government action in some cases the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00800-00204442-00204691 Coase theorem is relevant for example if
pXwnWtkMwSI-00801-00204692-00204880 a logger is planning to clear-cut a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00802-00204881-00205044 forest in a way that has a negative
pXwnWtkMwSI-00803-00205046-00205282 impact on a nearby resort the resort
pXwnWtkMwSI-00804-00205283-00205483 owner and the logger could in theory get
pXwnWtkMwSI-00805-00205484-00205767 together to agree to a deal for example
pXwnWtkMwSI-00806-00205769-00205935 the resort owner could pay the logger
pXwnWtkMwSI-00807-00205936-00206180 not to clear-cut or could buy the four
pXwnWtkMwSI-00808-00206181-00206432 the most problematic situation from
pXwnWtkMwSI-00809-00206433-00206609 Kouzes perspective occurs when the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00810-00206610-00206767 forest literally does not belong to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00811-00206769-00206996 anyone or in any example in which there
pXwnWtkMwSI-00812-00206996-00207173 are not well-defined and enforceable
pXwnWtkMwSI-00813-00207173-00207428 property rights the question of who owns
pXwnWtkMwSI-00814-00207429-00207673 the forest is not important as any
pXwnWtkMwSI-00815-00207675-00207865 specific owner will have an interest in
pXwnWtkMwSI-00816-00207866-00208031 coming to an agreement with the resort
pXwnWtkMwSI-00817-00208032-00208226 owner if such an agreement is mutually
pXwnWtkMwSI-00818-00208227-00208330 beneficial
pXwnWtkMwSI-00819-00208331-00208594 however the Coase theorem is difficult
pXwnWtkMwSI-00820-00208596-00208775 to implement because COEs does not offer
pXwnWtkMwSI-00821-00208776-00208915 a negotiation method
pXwnWtkMwSI-00822-00208916-00209198 moreover co-agent solutions are unlikely
pXwnWtkMwSI-00823-00209198-00209392 to be reached due to the possibility of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00824-00209394-00209588 running into the assignment problem the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00825-00209589-00209765 holdout problem the free rider problem
pXwnWtkMwSI-00826-00209766-00210016 and/or transaction costs
pXwnWtkMwSI-00827-00210017-00210242 additionally firms could potentially
pXwnWtkMwSI-00828-00210242-00210404 bribe each other since there is little
pXwnWtkMwSI-00829-00210405-00210575 to no government interaction under the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00830-00210576-00210854 Coase theorem for example if one oil
pXwnWtkMwSI-00831-00210855-00211058 firm has a high pollution rate and its
pXwnWtkMwSI-00832-00211059-00211208 neighbouring firm is bothered by the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00833-00211209-00211400 pollution then the latter firm may move
pXwnWtkMwSI-00834-00211401-00211694 depending on incentives thus if the oil
pXwnWtkMwSI-00835-00211694-00211892 firm were to bribe the second firm the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00836-00211892-00212096 first oil firm would suffer no negative
pXwnWtkMwSI-00837-00212096-00212276 consequences because the government
pXwnWtkMwSI-00838-00212277-00212531 would not know about the bribing in a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00839-00212532-00212861 dynamic setup Rosencrantz and MIT's 2007
pXwnWtkMwSI-00840-00212862-00213044 have shown that the impossibility to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00841-00213044-00213242 rule out cochon bargaining tomorrow may
pXwnWtkMwSI-00842-00213242-00213458 actually justify pigouvian intervention
pXwnWtkMwSI-00843-00213459-00213748 today to see this note that unrestrained
pXwnWtkMwSI-00844-00213750-00213926 bargaining in the future may lead to an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00845-00213927-00214094 underinvestment problem the so-called
pXwnWtkMwSI-00846-00214094-00214388 holdup problem specifically when
pXwnWtkMwSI-00847-00214389-00214601 investments are relationships specific
pXwnWtkMwSI-00848-00214602-00214808 and non contractable then insufficient
pXwnWtkMwSI-00849-00214809-00214964 investments will be made when it is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00850-00214965-00215119 anticipated that parts of the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00851-00215121-00215288 investments returns will go to the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00852-00215289-00215446 trading partner in future negotiations
pXwnWtkMwSI-00853-00215446-00215852 see Hart and more 1988 pence pigouvian
pXwnWtkMwSI-00854-00215853-00216071 tax ation can be welfare improving
pXwnWtkMwSI-00855-00216071-00216284 precisely because cochon bargaining will
pXwnWtkMwSI-00856-00216285-00216533 take place in the future Aunt Rose in
pXwnWtkMwSI-00857-00216534-00216800 Steiger 2012 make a related point in the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00858-00216801-00217260 context of international trade
pXwnWtkMwSI-00859-00217261-00217802 topic criticism
pXwnWtkMwSI-00860-00217803-00218058 ecological economics criticizes the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00861-00218059-00218263 concept of externality because there is
pXwnWtkMwSI-00862-00218264-00218413 not enough system thinking and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00863-00218414-00218604 integration of different Sciences in the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00864-00218605-00218965 concept ecological economics is founded
pXwnWtkMwSI-00865-00218966-00219142 upon the view that the neoclassical
pXwnWtkMwSI-00866-00219142-00219273 economics nce
pXwnWtkMwSI-00867-00219274-00219463 assumption that environmental and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00868-00219464-00219640 community costs and benefits are
pXwnWtkMwSI-00869-00219641-00219964 mutually canceling externalities is not
pXwnWtkMwSI-00870-00219965-00220216 warranted Joan Martinez allier for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00871-00220217-00220353 instance shows that the bulk of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00872-00220354-00220557 consumers are automatically excluded
pXwnWtkMwSI-00873-00220558-00220765 from having an impact upon the prices of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00874-00220766-00220942 commodities as these consumers are
pXwnWtkMwSI-00875-00220942-00221109 future generations who have not been
pXwnWtkMwSI-00876-00221110-00221394 born yet the assumptions behind future
pXwnWtkMwSI-00877-00221395-00221563 discounting which assume that future
pXwnWtkMwSI-00878-00221564-00221751 Goods will be cheaper than present Goods
pXwnWtkMwSI-00879-00221752-00221982 has been criticized by Fred Pierce and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00880-00221983-00222163 by the recent Stern report although the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00881-00222164-00222327 stern report itself does employ
pXwnWtkMwSI-00882-00222328-00222534 discounting and has been criticized for
pXwnWtkMwSI-00883-00222535-00222732 this and other reasons by ecological
pXwnWtkMwSI-00884-00222733-00222906 economists such as clive spash
pXwnWtkMwSI-00885-00222907-00223134 concerning these externalities some like
pXwnWtkMwSI-00886-00223135-00223377 the Eco businessman Paul Hawken argue an
pXwnWtkMwSI-00887-00223378-00223578 orthodox economic line that the only
pXwnWtkMwSI-00888-00223579-00223806 reason why goods produced unsustainably
pXwnWtkMwSI-00889-00223807-00224004 are usually cheaper than goods produced
pXwnWtkMwSI-00890-00224005-00224223 sustainably as due to a hidden subsidy
pXwnWtkMwSI-00891-00224224-00224413 paid by the non-monetized human
pXwnWtkMwSI-00892-00224414-00224592 environment community or future
pXwnWtkMwSI-00893-00224593-00224832 generations these arguments are
pXwnWtkMwSI-00894-00224833-00225051 developed further by Hakan amery and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00895-00225052-00225222 hunter Levin's to promote their vision
pXwnWtkMwSI-00896-00225223-00225463 of an environmental capitalist utopia in
pXwnWtkMwSI-00897-00225464-00225678 natural capitalism creating the next
pXwnWtkMwSI-00898-00225679-00225879 Industrial Revolution in contrast
pXwnWtkMwSI-00899-00225880-00226152 ecological economists like Joan Martinez
pXwnWtkMwSI-00900-00226153-00226329 allier appealed to a different line of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00901-00226330-00226596 reasoning rather than assuming some new
pXwnWtkMwSI-00902-00226597-00226794 form of capitalism as the best way
pXwnWtkMwSI-00903-00226795-00227025 forward an older ecological economic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00904-00227026-00227212 critique questions the very idea of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00905-00227213-00227451 internalizing externalities as providing
pXwnWtkMwSI-00906-00227452-00227592 some corrective to the current system
pXwnWtkMwSI-00907-00227593-00227898 the work by Carl William Capp explains
pXwnWtkMwSI-00908-00227899-00228190 why the concept of externality is a
pXwnWtkMwSI-00909-00228191-00228417 misnomer in fact the modern business
pXwnWtkMwSI-00910-00228418-00228633 enterprise operates on the basis of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00911-00228634-00228825 shifting costs unto others as normal
pXwnWtkMwSI-00912-00228826-00229077 practice to make profits Charles
pXwnWtkMwSI-00913-00229078-00229284 Eisenstein has argued that this method
pXwnWtkMwSI-00914-00229285-00229518 of privatizing profits while socializing
pXwnWtkMwSI-00915-00229519-00229725 the costs through externalities passing
pXwnWtkMwSI-00916-00229726-00229884 the costs to the community to the
pXwnWtkMwSI-00917-00229885-00230062 natural environment or to future
pXwnWtkMwSI-00918-00230063-00230280 generations as inherently destructive as
pXwnWtkMwSI-00919-00230281-00230517 social ecological economist clive spash
pXwnWtkMwSI-00920-00230518-00230709 has noted externality Theory
pXwnWtkMwSI-00921-00230710-00230922 fallaciously assumes environmental and
pXwnWtkMwSI-00922-00230923-00231123 social problems are minor aberration
pXwnWtkMwSI-00923-00231125-00231319 in an otherwise perfectly functioning
pXwnWtkMwSI-00924-00231319-00231613 efficient economic system internalizing
pXwnWtkMwSI-00925-00231614-00231787 the odd externality does nothing to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00926-00231788-00232006 address the structural systemic problem
pXwnWtkMwSI-00927-00232007-00232192 and fails to recognize the all-pervasive
pXwnWtkMwSI-00928-00232192-00232414 nature of these supposed externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00929-00232415-00232606 this is precisely why heterodox
pXwnWtkMwSI-00930-00232607-00232840 economists argue for a heterodox theory
pXwnWtkMwSI-00931-00232841-00233044 of social costs to effectively prevent
pXwnWtkMwSI-00932-00233044-00233196 the problem through the precautionary
pXwnWtkMwSI-00933-00233198-00233557 principle
pXwnWtkMwSI-00934-00233558-00234440 topic see also CCPP game externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00935-00234441-00235079 of automobiles unintended consequences
pXwnWtkMwSI-00936-00235080-00235639 topic references
pXwnWtkMwSI-00937-00235640-00236166 topic further reading
pXwnWtkMwSI-00938-00236167-00236544 burger Sebastien 2017 the social costs
pXwnWtkMwSI-00939-00236544-00236783 of neoliberalism essays in the economics
pXwnWtkMwSI-00940-00236784-00237148 of K William cap Nottingham spokesman
pXwnWtkMwSI-00941-00237150-00237264 burger
pXwnWtkMwSI-00942-00237265-00237591 Sebastian IDI 2015 the heterodox theory
pXwnWtkMwSI-00943-00237592-00237923 of social costs by K William cap London
pXwnWtkMwSI-00944-00237925-00238496 rout Lynch Bommel WJ 1972 on taxation
pXwnWtkMwSI-00945-00238498-00238744 and the control of externalities
pXwnWtkMwSI-00946-00238746-00239315 American Economic Review 62 3 307 222
pXwnWtkMwSI-00947-00239316-00239592 JSTOR 1 million eight hundred three
pXwnWtkMwSI-00948-00239592-00239827 thousand three hundred seventy eight
pXwnWtkMwSI-00949-00239828-00240165 johnson paul m definition a glossary of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00950-00240166-00240641 economic terms p go AC nineteen twenty
pXwnWtkMwSI-00951-00240642-00240982 economics of welfare macmillan & co
pXwnWtkMwSI-00952-00240983-00241357 Tullock g 2005 public goods
pXwnWtkMwSI-00953-00241358-00241542 redistribution and rent-seeking
pXwnWtkMwSI-00954-00241542-00242013 Edward Elgar publishing inc ISBN 184 3
pXwnWtkMwSI-00955-00242014-00242575 7-6 6-3 7x Valik Alexander 2008
pXwnWtkMwSI-00956-00242576-00242838 externalities inhe Maui
pXwnWtkMwSI-00957-00242839-00243021 Ronald the Encyclopedia of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00958-00243021-00243254 libertarianism the Encyclopedia of
pXwnWtkMwSI-00959-00243255-00243564 libertarianism Thousand Oaks CA sage
pXwnWtkMwSI-00960-00243565-00244151 Cato Institute pp 162 263 joy ten point
pXwnWtkMwSI-00961-00244152-00244478 four one three five nine trillion 781
pXwnWtkMwSI-00962-00244479-00244706 billion four hundred twelve million nine
pXwnWtkMwSI-00963-00244707-00244883 hundred sixty-five thousand eight
pXwnWtkMwSI-00964-00244884-00245316 hundred eleven and 101 ISBN nine seven
pXwnWtkMwSI-00965-00245317-00245579 eight one four one two nine six five
pXwnWtkMwSI-00966-00245580-00245942 eight oh four LCC and two billion eight
pXwnWtkMwSI-00967-00245944-00246104 million nine thousand one hundred
pXwnWtkMwSI-00968-00246105-00246530 fifty-one OCLC 750 million eight hundred
pXwnWtkMwSI-00969-00246531-00246891 thirty one thousand twenty-four Weitzman
pXwnWtkMwSI-00970-00246892-00247256 Mardan October 1974 prices versus
pXwnWtkMwSI-00971-00247257-00247532 quantities the review of economic
pXwnWtkMwSI-00972-00247533-00248132 studies 41 4 477 291 joy ten point two
pXwnWtkMwSI-00973-00248133-00248327 three zero seven two million two hundred
pXwnWtkMwSI-00974-00248328-00248523 ninety six thousand six hundred
pXwnWtkMwSI-00975-00248523-00248879 ninety-eight JSTOR two million two
pXwnWtkMwSI-00976-00248880-00249077 hundred ninety six thousand six hundred
pXwnWtkMwSI-00977-00249078-00249532 ninety-eight
pXwnWtkMwSI-00978-00249533-00250075 topic external links
pXwnWtkMwSI-00979-00250076-00250339 extern european union project to
pXwnWtkMwSI-00980-00250340-00250735 evaluate external costs econ 120
pXwnWtkMwSI-00981-00250736-00251014 externalities
pXMqho1rZku-00000-00000575-00000906 let's have a look at the six-digit grid
pXMqho1rZku-00001-00000907-00001145 referencing system they use on
pXMqho1rZku-00002-00001146-00001364 topographic maps to locate something
pXMqho1rZku-00003-00001365-00001757 it's very similar to the area reference
pXMqho1rZku-00004-00001759-00002066 in that we use the across the hall and
pXMqho1rZku-00005-00002067-00002454 up the stairs principle and we use as
pXMqho1rZku-00006-00002455-00002607 you can see on the topographic map
pXMqho1rZku-00007-00002608-00002847 there's 0 7 so it's not single-digit
pXMqho1rZku-00008-00002848-00003050 zero seven zero eight so that's how we
pXMqho1rZku-00009-00003051-00003314 get the four numbers in every reference
pXMqho1rZku-00010-00003315-00003636 but what we're going to do next is we
pXMqho1rZku-00011-00003636-00003843 sometimes have to be a bit more specific
pXMqho1rZku-00012-00003844-00004167 and we sort of divide up that whole grid
pXMqho1rZku-00013-00004168-00004410 square by ten so it's like zero nine
pXMqho1rZku-00014-00004411-00004656 point one two three four five six seven
pXMqho1rZku-00015-00004657-00004853 eight nine and then and then and so
pXMqho1rZku-00016-00004854-00005127 forth and that's at what we're going to
pXMqho1rZku-00017-00005128-00005328 be utilizing so let's have a look at our
pXMqho1rZku-00018-00005329-00005631 first scenario as mr. smiley on the side
pXMqho1rZku-00019-00005632-00006099 and he's going to get himself lost now
pXMqho1rZku-00020-00006100-00006311 in this scenario as you can see this
pXMqho1rZku-00021-00006312-00006539 whole area reference here this whole
pXMqho1rZku-00022-00006540-00006759 area in this grid if you look at the
pXMqho1rZku-00023-00006759-00006930 scale zero point five is about zero
pXMqho1rZku-00024-00006931-00007176 point five kilometers squared or half a
pXMqho1rZku-00025-00007177-00007254 kilometer squared
pXMqho1rZku-00026-00007255-00007491 the helicopter pilot has to go searching
pXMqho1rZku-00027-00007492-00007770 around in that area for someone it could
pXMqho1rZku-00028-00007770-00008021 mean life and death
pXMqho1rZku-00029-00008022-00008306 now mr. smiley needs to be rescued at
pXMqho1rZku-00030-00008307-00008544 that particular spot and the helicopter
pXMqho1rZku-00031-00008545-00008753 rescue helicopter needs to go directly
pXMqho1rZku-00032-00008754-00009002 to there instead of coming into the area
pXMqho1rZku-00033-00009003-00009141 and then doing some sort of search
pXMqho1rZku-00034-00009142-00009369 pattern alright so how do we tell the
pXMqho1rZku-00035-00009370-00009624 helicopter file to go there well firstly
pXMqho1rZku-00036-00009625-00009960 we're going to write G
pXMqho1rZku-00037-00009961-00010199 now I'm going to write Airy reference up
pXMqho1rZku-00038-00010200-00010380 here as well so you can see how similar
pXMqho1rZku-00039-00010381-00010692 it is and we use the same rule we go
pXMqho1rZku-00040-00010693-00010846 across the hall
pXMqho1rZku-00041-00010847-00011169 alright so we go across the hall as you
pXMqho1rZku-00042-00011170-00011484 see down the bottom 210 so when air
pXMqho1rZku-00043-00011485-00011724 reference tensor we do the same in grid
pXMqho1rZku-00044-00011725-00011996 reference now have a look at mr. smiley
pXMqho1rZku-00045-00011997-00012234 there I'm going to go across point ten
pXMqho1rZku-00046-00012235-00012710 point one two three four five well that
pXMqho1rZku-00047-00012711-00012950 looks like it's halfway between those
pXMqho1rZku-00048-00012951-00013316 two eastings so it must be five now I'm
pXMqho1rZku-00049-00013318-00013472 running that bit small normally won't
pXMqho1rZku-00050-00013473-00013616 happen that way just so it stands out a
pXMqho1rZku-00051-00013618-00013962 bit more next thing we're going to do is
pXMqho1rZku-00052-00013963-00014222 we're going to go up the stairs all the
pXMqho1rZku-00053-00014223-00014535 way up to thirteen so as you can see
pXMqho1rZku-00054-00014536-00014802 look see how same as our arrow reference
pXMqho1rZku-00055-00014803-00015015 and then in grid reference I'm going to
pXMqho1rZku-00056-00015016-00015249 write thirteen there and then we're
pXMqho1rZku-00057-00015250-00015603 going to go up there's my thirteen one
pXMqho1rZku-00058-00015604-00016286 two three four five thirteen point five
pXMqho1rZku-00059-00016287-00016592 so the group reference is ten five
pXMqho1rZku-00060-00016593-00016934 thirteen five and that's how it's a six
pXMqho1rZku-00061-00016935-00017118 numbers
pXMqho1rZku-00062-00017119-00017381 let's have a look at another scenario
pXMqho1rZku-00063-00017382-00017586 right because that one was pretty easy
pXMqho1rZku-00064-00017587-00017811 because mr. smile is right smack in the
pXMqho1rZku-00065-00017812-00018003 middle so we know it's ten point five at
pXMqho1rZku-00066-00018004-00018321 ten point five and you know so you go
pXMqho1rZku-00067-00018322-00018480 across ten point five and up thirteen
pXMqho1rZku-00068-00018481-00018777 point five let's move mr. smiley
pXMqho1rZku-00069-00018778-00019062 elsewhere mr. smiley ends up there he's
pXMqho1rZku-00070-00019063-00019212 had a car crash and he's come off the
pXMqho1rZku-00071-00019213-00019548 side road GPS is not working and it's
pXMqho1rZku-00072-00019549-00019758 just got a mobile folds old school
pXMqho1rZku-00073-00019759-00019974 mobile phone and a topographic map and
pXMqho1rZku-00074-00019975-00020175 needs to tell the helicopter pilot where
pXMqho1rZku-00075-00020176-00020517 he is well the first thing we're going
pXMqho1rZku-00076-00020518-00020795 to do is we're going to write G R
pXMqho1rZku-00077-00020796-00021012 because that tells us there's going to
pXMqho1rZku-00078-00021013-00021467 be six digits and we go across the hall
pXMqho1rZku-00079-00021468-00021865 2:09
pXMqho1rZku-00080-00021866-00022480 okay and we go across 9.12
pXMqho1rZku-00081-00022481-00022664 all right but I don't write the point so
pXMqho1rZku-00082-00022665-00022984 zero nine to zero going across zero nine
pXMqho1rZku-00083-00022985-00023239 point two and I'm going to go up the
pXMqho1rZku-00084-00023240-00023478 stairs to
pXMqho1rZku-00085-00023479-00023803 ten
pXMqho1rZku-00086-00023804-00024352 point one two
pXMqho1rZku-00087-00024353-00024574 alright so we've given them a six
pXMqho1rZku-00088-00024575-00025063 numbers grid reference of where I am now
pXMqho1rZku-00089-00025064-00025306 give that a try on a topographic map of
pXMqho1rZku-00090-00025307-00025537 your own
pXPsOE6qFyU-00000-00000008-00000191 hello everyone welcome back to higher
pXPsOE6qFyU-00001-00000192-00000383 study prep a complete guideline for
pXPsOE6qFyU-00002-00000384-00000551 higher education
pXPsOE6qFyU-00003-00000552-00000767 we are back with thousand high frequency
pXPsOE6qFyU-00004-00000768-00000943 vocabulary series
pXPsOE6qFyU-00005-00000944-00001199 here we will go through different words
pXPsOE6qFyU-00006-00001200-00001335 the meanings
pXPsOE6qFyU-00007-00001336-00001751 synonyms antonyms and some example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00008-00001752-00001959 feel free to stop at any slide that you
pXPsOE6qFyU-00009-00001960-00002342 like and revise as necessary
pXPsOE6qFyU-00010-00002343-00002623 conundrum it's a noun which means a
pXPsOE6qFyU-00011-00002624-00002883 confusing and difficult problem or
pXPsOE6qFyU-00012-00002884-00003158 question for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00013-00003159-00003367 cooper felt like the tank feeling
pXPsOE6qFyU-00014-00003368-00003567 problem was a conundrum
pXPsOE6qFyU-00015-00003568-00003815 and it generated a lot more questions
pXPsOE6qFyU-00016-00003815-00004022 than answer
pXPsOE6qFyU-00017-00004023-00004159 the mnemonic for remembering the
pXPsOE6qFyU-00018-00004160-00004367 conundrum can be helped if we break it
pXPsOE6qFyU-00019-00004368-00004654 apart as con under the drum
pXPsOE6qFyU-00020-00004655-00004959 khan means an act of tricking someone so
pXPsOE6qFyU-00021-00004960-00005175 the word khan under the drum can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00022-00005176-00005311 remembered as
pXPsOE6qFyU-00023-00005312-00005518 the person who was tricked and confused
pXPsOE6qFyU-00024-00005519-00005702 by the khan and riddle set up by the
pXPsOE6qFyU-00025-00005703-00005895 drum
pXPsOE6qFyU-00026-00005896-00006118 synonyms for the word conundrum can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00027-00006119-00006254 quandary
pXPsOE6qFyU-00028-00006255-00006367 dilemma
pXPsOE6qFyU-00029-00006368-00006510 puzzle
pXPsOE6qFyU-00030-00006511-00006775 and antonyms can be solution
pXPsOE6qFyU-00031-00006776-00007083 explanation
pXPsOE6qFyU-00032-00007084-00007367 clarification lucid it's an adjective
pXPsOE6qFyU-00033-00007368-00007663 which means clear or easy to understand
pXPsOE6qFyU-00034-00007664-00007895 or transparently clear
pXPsOE6qFyU-00035-00007895-00008055 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00036-00008056-00008327 bonito a town in brazil attracts a lot
pXPsOE6qFyU-00037-00008328-00008574 of tourists for its lucid water
pXPsOE6qFyU-00038-00008575-00008807 the water is so clear that fishes under
pXPsOE6qFyU-00039-00008808-00009135 water are visible from above
pXPsOE6qFyU-00040-00009136-00009319 the mnemonic for remembering the word
pXPsOE6qFyU-00041-00009320-00009431 lucid
pXPsOE6qFyU-00042-00009432-00009671 can be done by breaking it apart into
pXPsOE6qFyU-00043-00009672-00009767 loose
pXPsOE6qFyU-00044-00009768-00010110 plus id or look plus id
pXPsOE6qFyU-00045-00010111-00010327 so looking at an id gives a crystal
pXPsOE6qFyU-00046-00010328-00010671 clear idea about the person's identity
pXPsOE6qFyU-00047-00010672-00010806 that's how you can remember the word
pXPsOE6qFyU-00048-00010807-00010974 lucid
pXPsOE6qFyU-00049-00010975-00011151 synonyms for the word lucid can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00050-00011152-00011374 transparent vivid
pXPsOE6qFyU-00051-00011375-00011623 limpid cogent
pXPsOE6qFyU-00052-00011624-00011823 antonyms for the word lucid can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00053-00011824-00011959 confusing
pXPsOE6qFyU-00054-00011960-00012399 unclear ambiguous
pXPsOE6qFyU-00055-00012400-00012687 ebullient it's an adjective which means
pXPsOE6qFyU-00056-00012688-00012935 cheerful and full of energy
pXPsOE6qFyU-00057-00012936-00013086 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00058-00013087-00013375 mr bean felt ebullient as he enjoyed his
pXPsOE6qFyU-00059-00013376-00013583 vacation days along the beaches of
pXPsOE6qFyU-00060-00013584-00013735 keynes
pXPsOE6qFyU-00061-00013736-00014038 the mnemonic this word ebullient can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00062-00014040-00014335 remembered as sounds like jubilant which
pXPsOE6qFyU-00063-00014336-00014599 means full of energy
pXPsOE6qFyU-00064-00014600-00014791 some synonyms for the word ebullient can
pXPsOE6qFyU-00065-00014791-00015007 be exuberant
pXPsOE6qFyU-00066-00015008-00015166 vivacious
pXPsOE6qFyU-00067-00015168-00015311 ecstatic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00068-00015312-00015583 animated
pXPsOE6qFyU-00069-00015584-00015894 whereas some antonyms can be somber
pXPsOE6qFyU-00070-00015895-00016030 gloomy
pXPsOE6qFyU-00071-00016031-00016494 marquee or melancholy
pXPsOE6qFyU-00072-00016495-00016767 content it's a verb which means to
pXPsOE6qFyU-00073-00016768-00017071 satisfy someone for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00074-00017072-00017343 mrs warner has a soup shop
pXPsOE6qFyU-00075-00017344-00017535 that helps content the poor and homeless
pXPsOE6qFyU-00076-00017536-00017791 people of their hunger
pXPsOE6qFyU-00077-00017792-00018014 mnemonic for the word content can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00078-00018015-00018158 remembered by
pXPsOE6qFyU-00079-00018159-00018414 convey true easing element that is to
pXPsOE6qFyU-00080-00018415-00018727 convey or provide elements that ease or
pXPsOE6qFyU-00081-00018728-00018950 comfort
pXPsOE6qFyU-00082-00018951-00019167 synonyms for the word content can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00083-00019168-00019294 pacify
pXPsOE6qFyU-00084-00019295-00019567 soothe pluckate
pXPsOE6qFyU-00085-00019568-00019927 some examples of antonyms are disturb
pXPsOE6qFyU-00086-00019928-00020055 perturb
pXPsOE6qFyU-00087-00020056-00020207 dissatisfy
pXPsOE6qFyU-00088-00020208-00020503 frustrate
pXPsOE6qFyU-00089-00020504-00020847 margin it's a verb which means begin to
pXPsOE6qFyU-00090-00020848-00021135 grow or increase rapidly
pXPsOE6qFyU-00091-00021136-00021278 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00092-00021279-00021494 the saplings burgeoned into healthy
pXPsOE6qFyU-00093-00021495-00021750 plants under the bright sun and rain
pXPsOE6qFyU-00094-00021751-00022047 within a short period of time
pXPsOE6qFyU-00095-00022048-00022350 mnemonic for the virgin can be broken up
pXPsOE6qFyU-00096-00022351-00022686 as purge plus on which sounds like surge
pXPsOE6qFyU-00097-00022687-00023030 plus on and search means grow rise or
pXPsOE6qFyU-00098-00023031-00023143 escalate
pXPsOE6qFyU-00099-00023144-00023463 so the word virgin can mean growth worth
pXPsOE6qFyU-00100-00023464-00023727 some synonyms of the word virgin can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00101-00023728-00023883 flourish
pXPsOE6qFyU-00102-00023884-00024119 prosper thrive
pXPsOE6qFyU-00103-00024120-00024319 or develop
pXPsOE6qFyU-00104-00024320-00024527 antonyms for the word virgin can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00105-00024528-00024663 decline
pXPsOE6qFyU-00106-00024664-00024791 shrink
pXPsOE6qFyU-00107-00024792-00024903 stagnate
pXPsOE6qFyU-00108-00024904-00025327 reduce or lessen
pXPsOE6qFyU-00109-00025328-00025606 forever it's a noun which means intense
pXPsOE6qFyU-00110-00025607-00025814 and passionate feeling
pXPsOE6qFyU-00111-00025816-00025943 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00112-00025944-00026255 barcelona's andres iniesta and lionel
pXPsOE6qFyU-00113-00026256-00026495 messi celebrate the winning moment with
pXPsOE6qFyU-00114-00026495-00026711 great fervor after scoring a goal
pXPsOE6qFyU-00115-00026712-00026999 against malaga at camp nou
pXPsOE6qFyU-00116-00027000-00027311 mnemonic the word fervor can be broken
pXPsOE6qFyU-00117-00027312-00027607 up as a fervent order which means
pXPsOE6qFyU-00118-00027608-00027935 intense enthusiasm or feeling
pXPsOE6qFyU-00119-00027936-00028167 synonyms can be passion
pXPsOE6qFyU-00120-00028168-00028287 intensity
pXPsOE6qFyU-00121-00028288-00028399 zeal
pXPsOE6qFyU-00122-00028400-00028695 avidity whereas antonyms for the word
pXPsOE6qFyU-00123-00028695-00028911 forever can be apathy
pXPsOE6qFyU-00124-00028912-00029039 indifference
pXPsOE6qFyU-00125-00029039-00029374 passivity
pXPsOE6qFyU-00126-00029375-00029670 itinerary it's a noun which means plan
pXPsOE6qFyU-00127-00029672-00030007 of trip a planned route or journey
pXPsOE6qFyU-00128-00030008-00030151 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00129-00030152-00030431 as an organized person you always plans
pXPsOE6qFyU-00130-00030432-00030711 and prepares detailed itinerary for his
pXPsOE6qFyU-00131-00030712-00030943 journey ahead of time
pXPsOE6qFyU-00132-00030944-00031070 mnemonic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00133-00031072-00031446 we can remember the word itinerary as
pXPsOE6qFyU-00134-00031447-00031655 it inaudible a person who travels from
pXPsOE6qFyU-00135-00031656-00031799 place to place
pXPsOE6qFyU-00136-00031800-00032023 which translates into plan to go from
pXPsOE6qFyU-00137-00032024-00032270 one place to another a plan of a trip or
pXPsOE6qFyU-00138-00032272-00032495 a travel document recording a route or
pXPsOE6qFyU-00139-00032495-00032639 journey
pXPsOE6qFyU-00140-00032639-00032862 some synonyms of the word itinerary can
pXPsOE6qFyU-00141-00032863-00033015 be journey
pXPsOE6qFyU-00142-00033016-00033102 path
pXPsOE6qFyU-00143-00033103-00033190 tour
pXPsOE6qFyU-00144-00033191-00033462 travel plan
pXPsOE6qFyU-00145-00033463-00033711 peripatetic it's an adjective which
pXPsOE6qFyU-00146-00033712-00033983 means traveling from place to place
pXPsOE6qFyU-00147-00033984-00034167 especially on food
pXPsOE6qFyU-00148-00034168-00034343 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00149-00034344-00034551 the famine made the nomadic people
pXPsOE6qFyU-00150-00034552-00034679 peripatetic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00151-00034680-00034959 they traveled far and beyond for a place
pXPsOE6qFyU-00152-00034960-00035174 where they can settle
pXPsOE6qFyU-00153-00035175-00035423 mnemonic for the word peripatetic we can
pXPsOE6qFyU-00154-00035424-00035735 break in apart as these few parts peri
pXPsOE6qFyU-00155-00035736-00036039 which means a round and pad which we can
pXPsOE6qFyU-00156-00036040-00036279 think of as path or wok
pXPsOE6qFyU-00157-00036280-00036415 plus attic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00158-00036416-00036727 so we can break it apart and remember by
pXPsOE6qFyU-00159-00036728-00037079 perimeter of a path by being athletic or
pXPsOE6qFyU-00160-00037080-00037287 walk around the perimeter of a path by
pXPsOE6qFyU-00161-00037288-00037487 being athletic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00162-00037488-00037687 some synonyms of the word peripatetic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00163-00037688-00038127 can be nomadic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00164-00038128-00038255 wandering
pXPsOE6qFyU-00165-00038256-00038446 migrating
pXPsOE6qFyU-00166-00038447-00038727 some near antonyms could be non-migrant
pXPsOE6qFyU-00167-00038728-00038927 or stationary
pXPsOE6qFyU-00168-00038928-00039087 remember there is an alternate meaning
pXPsOE6qFyU-00169-00039088-00039343 to the word peripatetic which means
pXPsOE6qFyU-00170-00039344-00039623 aristotelian or an aristotelian
pXPsOE6qFyU-00171-00039624-00039959 philosopher
pXPsOE6qFyU-00172-00039960-00040246 immaculate it's an adjective which means
pXPsOE6qFyU-00173-00040247-00040446 perfectly clean or tidy
pXPsOE6qFyU-00174-00040447-00040695 free from flaws or mistakes
pXPsOE6qFyU-00175-00040696-00040855 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00176-00040856-00041102 robin is having guests over for dinner
pXPsOE6qFyU-00177-00041103-00041335 so his house must be cleaned until it is
pXPsOE6qFyU-00178-00041336-00041527 immaculate
pXPsOE6qFyU-00179-00041528-00041639 mnemonic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00180-00041640-00041895 the word immaculate can be remembered as
pXPsOE6qFyU-00181-00041896-00042079 imitating to clean
pXPsOE6qFyU-00182-00042080-00042279 some synonyms of the word can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00183-00042280-00042630 unspoiled untarnished spotless or
pXPsOE6qFyU-00184-00042631-00042783 pristine
pXPsOE6qFyU-00185-00042784-00042967 some antonyms of the word immaculate
pXPsOE6qFyU-00186-00042968-00043502 could be dirty grubby solid
pXPsOE6qFyU-00187-00043503-00043807 laconic it's an adjective which means
pXPsOE6qFyU-00188-00043808-00044007 using very few words
pXPsOE6qFyU-00189-00044008-00044174 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00190-00044175-00044430 jason always tries to be the lacking one
pXPsOE6qFyU-00191-00044431-00044599 during the conversation with his elder
pXPsOE6qFyU-00192-00044600-00044718 sister
pXPsOE6qFyU-00193-00044719-00044879 but the reaction from his sister
pXPsOE6qFyU-00194-00044880-00045255 instigates varbus monologues
pXPsOE6qFyU-00195-00045256-00045527 mnemonic the laconic word can be broken
pXPsOE6qFyU-00196-00045528-00045671 up as lac
pXPsOE6qFyU-00197-00045672-00045911 plus onic or sonic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00198-00045912-00046143 so it means lack of sonic a lack of
pXPsOE6qFyU-00199-00046144-00046318 sounds or words
pXPsOE6qFyU-00200-00046319-00046543 that is it's an opposite of verbose and
pXPsOE6qFyU-00201-00046544-00046927 therefore it means brief to the point
pXPsOE6qFyU-00202-00046928-00047127 synonyms of the word laconic can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00203-00047128-00047215 brief
pXPsOE6qFyU-00204-00047216-00047423 concise succinct
pXPsOE6qFyU-00205-00047424-00047774 whereas some antonyms could be verbose
pXPsOE6qFyU-00206-00047775-00048118 lock wishes
pXPsOE6qFyU-00207-00048119-00048446 ascent this word can be a noun and also
pXPsOE6qFyU-00208-00048447-00048583 a verb
pXPsOE6qFyU-00209-00048584-00048823 so it means the expression of approval
pXPsOE6qFyU-00210-00048824-00049079 or agreement when it's a noun and when
pXPsOE6qFyU-00211-00049080-00049351 it's used as a verb it means to agree or
pXPsOE6qFyU-00212-00049352-00049495 approve
pXPsOE6qFyU-00213-00049496-00049615 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00214-00049616-00049871 the paper has been given the ascent for
pXPsOE6qFyU-00215-00049872-00050239 being submitted as an approved document
pXPsOE6qFyU-00216-00050240-00050462 mnemonic the word essent can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00217-00050463-00050686 remembered as asses to agree with the
pXPsOE6qFyU-00218-00050687-00050839 consent
pXPsOE6qFyU-00219-00050840-00051167 some synonyms could be a probation
pXPsOE6qFyU-00220-00051168-00051487 or when it's used as a verb approve
pXPsOE6qFyU-00221-00051488-00051966 accord consent acceptance or accept
pXPsOE6qFyU-00222-00051967-00052223 some antonyms can be descend
pXPsOE6qFyU-00223-00052224-00052526 refusal
pXPsOE6qFyU-00224-00052527-00052823 perennial it's an adjective which means
pXPsOE6qFyU-00225-00052824-00053079 lasting or existing for a long or
pXPsOE6qFyU-00226-00053079-00053319 apparently infinite time
pXPsOE6qFyU-00227-00053320-00053471 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00228-00053472-00053703 jason planted perennials in his garden
pXPsOE6qFyU-00229-00053704-00054038 that will bloom for many years in a row
pXPsOE6qFyU-00230-00054039-00054191 mnemonic for remembering the word
pXPsOE6qFyU-00231-00054191-00054415 perennial can be broken up as
pXPsOE6qFyU-00232-00054416-00054679 permanently continual or continually
pXPsOE6qFyU-00233-00054679-00054871 recurring
pXPsOE6qFyU-00234-00054872-00055094 synonyms for the word perennial can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00235-00055095-00055454 everlasting perpetual eternal
pXPsOE6qFyU-00236-00055455-00055726 continuing or endless
pXPsOE6qFyU-00237-00055727-00055975 some antonyms could be transient
pXPsOE6qFyU-00238-00055976-00056303 ephemeral
pXPsOE6qFyU-00239-00056304-00056615 paragon it's a noun which means a person
pXPsOE6qFyU-00240-00056616-00056871 or thing regarded as a perfect example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00241-00056872-00057111 of a particular quality
pXPsOE6qFyU-00242-00057112-00057271 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00243-00057272-00057487 mother teresa is considered as the
pXPsOE6qFyU-00244-00057488-00057742 paragon of peace and humanity who
pXPsOE6qFyU-00245-00057744-00057919 dedicated her life to work for the
pXPsOE6qFyU-00246-00057920-00058071 people
pXPsOE6qFyU-00247-00058072-00058182 mnemonic
pXPsOE6qFyU-00248-00058183-00058399 the word paragon can be broken up as
pXPsOE6qFyU-00249-00058400-00058575 paradigm is on
pXPsOE6qFyU-00250-00058576-00058894 that is when a paradigm is on for all it
pXPsOE6qFyU-00251-00058895-00059199 acts as a perfect example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00252-00059200-00059391 some synonyms for the word paragon can
pXPsOE6qFyU-00253-00059391-00059582 be epitome
pXPsOE6qFyU-00254-00059583-00059703 paradigm
pXPsOE6qFyU-00255-00059704-00059879 embodiment
pXPsOE6qFyU-00256-00059879-00060094 some near antonyms for the word can be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00257-00060095-00060230 imperfection
pXPsOE6qFyU-00258-00060232-00060511 foible
pXPsOE6qFyU-00259-00060512-00060647 ephemeral
pXPsOE6qFyU-00260-00060648-00060903 it's an adjective which means lasting
pXPsOE6qFyU-00261-00060904-00061103 for a very short time
pXPsOE6qFyU-00262-00061104-00061254 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00263-00061255-00061415 some friendships are meant to last
pXPsOE6qFyU-00264-00061416-00061742 forever whereas some are ephemeral
pXPsOE6qFyU-00265-00061744-00061935 are short-lived just like words
pXPsOE6qFyU-00266-00061936-00062111 inscribed on the sand
pXPsOE6qFyU-00267-00062112-00062447 soon to be washed off by the wave
pXPsOE6qFyU-00268-00062448-00062647 the mnemonic for the word ephemeral can
pXPsOE6qFyU-00269-00062648-00062942 be broken up and thought as epilogue
pXPsOE6qFyU-00270-00062944-00063126 which is a conclusion
pXPsOE6qFyU-00271-00063127-00063359 of a hymn and funeral
pXPsOE6qFyU-00272-00063360-00063606 so the contradict part in a funeral
pXPsOE6qFyU-00273-00063607-00063838 lasts for a very short time and a
pXPsOE6qFyU-00274-00063839-00064063 funeral represents death which makes all
pXPsOE6qFyU-00275-00064064-00064423 of the lives ephemeral that is momentary
pXPsOE6qFyU-00276-00064424-00064630 synonym for the word ephemeral could be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00277-00064632-00064750 transient
pXPsOE6qFyU-00278-00064751-00065023 evanescent transitory
pXPsOE6qFyU-00279-00065024-00065303 some antonyms could be perennial
pXPsOE6qFyU-00280-00065304-00065503 endless permanent
pXPsOE6qFyU-00281-00065504-00065743 everlasting
pXPsOE6qFyU-00282-00065744-00066038 pedantic it's an adjective which means
pXPsOE6qFyU-00283-00066039-00066238 person who pays more attention to minor
pXPsOE6qFyU-00284-00066239-00066519 details or rules and book learning than
pXPsOE6qFyU-00285-00066520-00066638 merit
pXPsOE6qFyU-00286-00066639-00066791 for example
pXPsOE6qFyU-00287-00066792-00066959 the professor's interpretation of the
pXPsOE6qFyU-00288-00066960-00067282 poem was pedantic an empty of genuine
pXPsOE6qFyU-00289-00067283-00067591 feeling mnemonic in order to remember
pXPsOE6qFyU-00290-00067592-00067791 the meaning of the word pedantic we can
pXPsOE6qFyU-00291-00067792-00068135 think of it as pandit and rearranged in
pXPsOE6qFyU-00292-00068136-00068367 that way which means a wise man or a
pXPsOE6qFyU-00293-00068368-00068606 teacher or a person who relies on books
pXPsOE6qFyU-00294-00068607-00068682 for
pXPsOE6qFyU-00295-00068683-00068903 learning some synonyms of the word
pXPsOE6qFyU-00296-00068904-00069159 pedantic can be dornish
pXPsOE6qFyU-00297-00069160-00069423 over scrupulous bookish
pXPsOE6qFyU-00298-00069424-00069638 whereas some near antonyms could be
pXPsOE6qFyU-00299-00069639-00070055 slapdash careless
pXPsOE6qFyU-00300-00070056-00070238 we are now going to see the application
pXPsOE6qFyU-00301-00070239-00070399 of all the words that we have learned
pXPsOE6qFyU-00302-00070400-00070655 today into a short story
pXPsOE6qFyU-00303-00070656-00070823 try to remember the meaning of each
pXPsOE6qFyU-00304-00070824-00071062 words as we read the paragraph and in
pXPsOE6qFyU-00305-00071063-00071311 case you can't remember feel free to go
pXPsOE6qFyU-00306-00071312-00071519 back to the corresponding slide
pXPsOE6qFyU-00307-00071520-00071767 so here is the short story
pXPsOE6qFyU-00308-00071768-00072031 despite being lacking in nature thomas
pXPsOE6qFyU-00309-00072032-00072255 became a bullied whenever he received
pXPsOE6qFyU-00310-00072256-00072462 the invitation to be a keynote speaker
pXPsOE6qFyU-00311-00072463-00072638 in a conference
pXPsOE6qFyU-00312-00072639-00072919 it is indeed a conundrum how a taciturn
pXPsOE6qFyU-00313-00072920-00073159 person like him becomes full of fervor
pXPsOE6qFyU-00314-00073160-00073399 during his lectures
pXPsOE6qFyU-00315-00073400-00073638 his lectures are lucid and doesn't seem
pXPsOE6qFyU-00316-00073639-00073903 to be pedantic which keeps his audience
pXPsOE6qFyU-00317-00073904-00074023 contended
pXPsOE6qFyU-00318-00074024-00074282 and keeps the demand of his lectures by
pXPsOE6qFyU-00319-00074283-00074543 tuning his family initially believed
pXPsOE6qFyU-00320-00074544-00074847 that his fame will be ephemeral however
pXPsOE6qFyU-00321-00074848-00075103 thomas ascended to so many events that
pXPsOE6qFyU-00322-00075104-00075255 they seem to have become perennial
pXPsOE6qFyU-00323-00075256-00075423 happening
pXPsOE6qFyU-00324-00075424-00075615 the peripatetic nature of his job
pXPsOE6qFyU-00325-00075616-00075806 required him to maintain a strict and
pXPsOE6qFyU-00326-00075807-00076038 immaculate itinerary
pXPsOE6qFyU-00327-00076039-00076247 his passion for knowledge and discipline
pXPsOE6qFyU-00328-00076248-00076494 eventually turned him into a paragon of
pXPsOE6qFyU-00329-00076495-00076806 his field among his people
pXPsOE6qFyU-00330-00076807-00076999 thanks for watching the video till the
pXPsOE6qFyU-00331-00077000-00077215 end we hope that this video has helped
pXPsOE6qFyU-00332-00077216-00077399 you in learning new words
pXPsOE6qFyU-00333-00077400-00077638 we will be back with new content as soon
pXPsOE6qFyU-00334-00077639-00077887 as possible in the meantime don't forget
pXPsOE6qFyU-00335-00077888-00078320 to like share and subscribe
pY2JR-prBAM-00001-00004448-00005044 [Music]
pY2JR-prBAM-00002-00005045-00005251 you
pYL15pVtwEk-00000-00000672-00001491 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00001-00001492-00004036 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00002-00004036-00005480 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00003-00005481-00005683 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00004-00005684-00006450 trump
pYL15pVtwEk-00005-00006451-00008030 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00006-00008031-00008483 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00007-00008484-00009883 uh
pYL15pVtwEk-00008-00009884-00010681 christopher
pYL15pVtwEk-00009-00010682-00011898 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00010-00011899-00013860 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00011-00013861-00014077 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00012-00014078-00016806 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00013-00016807-00017849 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00015-00021620-00022333 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00016-00022334-00023004 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00017-00023005-00023985 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00018-00023986-00024276 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00019-00024277-00024629 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00020-00024630-00027561 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00021-00027562-00028075 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00022-00028076-00029247 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00023-00029248-00030689 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00024-00030689-00031417 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00025-00031418-00032283 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00026-00032283-00032564 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00027-00032566-00034614 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00028-00034615-00036191 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00029-00036192-00037041 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00030-00037042-00037214 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00031-00037215-00037846 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00032-00037847-00039473 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00033-00039474-00039658 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00034-00039659-00039996 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00036-00043141-00043483 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00038-00047978-00049083 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00039-00049084-00049280 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00040-00049281-00050553 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00041-00050554-00052083 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00042-00052084-00053282 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00043-00053283-00056012 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00044-00056013-00057482 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00045-00057483-00058882 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00046-00058883-00059160 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00047-00059161-00060282 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00048-00060283-00061340 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00049-00061341-00062728 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00050-00062729-00063082 [Music]
pYL15pVtwEk-00051-00063083-00066046 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00052-00066047-00067282 [Applause]
pYL15pVtwEk-00053-00067283-00068682 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00054-00068683-00071159 foreign
pYL15pVtwEk-00055-00071160-00071368 you
pbjoLfsZUs4-00000-00000000-00000202 this is a list of fictional anarchists
pbjoLfsZUs4-00001-00000204-00000391 including the source material in which
pbjoLfsZUs4-00002-00000392-00000566 they are found their creators the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00003-00000567-00000736 individuals who interpreted them as
pbjoLfsZUs4-00004-00000737-00000932 anarchists during development if not
pbjoLfsZUs4-00005-00000933-00001139 originally created as such in short
pbjoLfsZUs4-00006-00001140-00001408 descriptions of each an anarchist is a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00007-00001409-00001586 person who rejects any form of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00008-00001587-00001885 compulsory government CF state and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00009-00001886-00002138 supports its elimination anarchism is a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00010-00002139-00002312 political philosophy encompassing
pbjoLfsZUs4-00011-00002313-00002534 theories and attitudes which reject
pbjoLfsZUs4-00012-00002535-00002710 compulsory government the state and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00013-00002711-00002908 support its elimination often due to a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00014-00002909-00003109 wider rejection of involuntary or
pbjoLfsZUs4-00015-00003110-00003404 permanent Authority anarchism is defined
pbjoLfsZUs4-00016-00003404-00003599 by the concise oxford dictionary of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00017-00003600-00003820 politics as the view that society can
pbjoLfsZUs4-00018-00003821-00003961 and should be organized without a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00019-00003962-00004156 coercive state however fictional
pbjoLfsZUs4-00020-00004157-00004352 anarchists are subject to the personal
pbjoLfsZUs4-00021-00004353-00004520 interpretations and opinions of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00022-00004521-00004720 anarchism held by the creator and as
pbjoLfsZUs4-00023-00004721-00004892 such may imbue negative anarchist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00024-00004893-00005168 stereotypes further characters may be
pbjoLfsZUs4-00025-00005169-00005381 interpreted as anarchists by second
pbjoLfsZUs4-00026-00005382-00005545 parties involved in their development
pbjoLfsZUs4-00027-00005546-00005801 the inclusion of these characters may be
pbjoLfsZUs4-00028-00005802-00006008 controversial but is necessary for
pbjoLfsZUs4-00029-00006009-00006304 purposes of objectivity this provides a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00030-00006305-00006472 means by which social attitudes
pbjoLfsZUs4-00031-00006473-00006689 regarding anarchism and anarchists may
pbjoLfsZUs4-00032-00006690-00006851 be studied and compared to those of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00033-00006852-00007130 other eras and cultures characters who
pbjoLfsZUs4-00034-00007131-00007342 are popularly considered anarchic but
pbjoLfsZUs4-00035-00007343-00007534 who are not specifically identified as
pbjoLfsZUs4-00036-00007536-00007730 anarchists by their source material are
pbjoLfsZUs4-00037-00007731-00008039 excluded topic comics sequential art
pbjoLfsZUs4-00038-00008040-00008258 anarchic a parody of the bomb wielding
pbjoLfsZUs4-00039-00008259-00008567 bearded anarchist stereotype he appeared
pbjoLfsZUs4-00040-00008568-00008798 in revista Antarctica by Roberto Umbra
pbjoLfsZUs4-00041-00008799-00009124 Sully CA 1970 and is often reprinted in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00042-00009125-00009362 contemporary anarchist pamphlets Anarchy
pbjoLfsZUs4-00043-00009363-00009548 a comic book character appearing in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00044-00009549-00009785 various DC Comics publications as an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00045-00009786-00010081 antagonist of Batman he was created and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00046-00010082-00010283 code developed by Alan Grant and norm
pbjoLfsZUs4-00047-00010284-00010583 Bry Fogle in 1989 boy a martial artist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00048-00010584-00010859 former NYPD officer and member of an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00049-00010860-00011045 anarchist secret society in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00050-00011046-00011356 Invisibles 1994 by Grant Morrison Evie
pbjoLfsZUs4-00051-00011357-00011581 Hammond a protege of E an anarchist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00052-00011582-00011792 terrorists in V for Vendetta by Alan
pbjoLfsZUs4-00053-00011793-00012119 Moore and David Lloyd in 1982 Evie
pbjoLfsZUs4-00054-00012120-00012367 eventually adopts v's role green arrow a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00055-00012368-00012556 superhero known for his liberal
pbjoLfsZUs4-00056-00012557-00012821 progressive characterization appearing
pbjoLfsZUs4-00057-00012822-00013036 in Green Arrow and various other comic
pbjoLfsZUs4-00058-00013037-00013261 books published by DC Comics he was
pbjoLfsZUs4-00059-00013262-00013382 created by Mort why
pbjoLfsZUs4-00060-00013383-00013709 singer and George Papp in 1941 he was
pbjoLfsZUs4-00061-00013710-00014024 revamped in 1969 by Dennis O'Neil who
pbjoLfsZUs4-00062-00014025-00014191 characterized him as a political
pbjoLfsZUs4-00063-00014193-00014387 progressive and dubbed him an anarchist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00064-00014388-00014627 Jack Frost a young Milligan possibly a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00065-00014628-00014843 future Buddha and member of an anarchic
pbjoLfsZUs4-00066-00014844-00015176 secret society in the Invisibles 1994 by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00067-00015177-00015386 Grant Morrison King mob a magician
pbjoLfsZUs4-00068-00015387-00015613 assassin terrorist and member of an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00069-00015615-00015800 anarchist secret society in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00070-00015801-00016112 Invisibles 1994 by Grant Morrison Lord
pbjoLfsZUs4-00071-00016113-00016346 Fanny a Brazilian transgender Shaymin
pbjoLfsZUs4-00072-00016347-00016529 and member of an anarchist secret
pbjoLfsZUs4-00073-00016530-00016835 society in the Invisibles 1994 by Grant
pbjoLfsZUs4-00074-00016836-00017051 Morrison pillock an intellectual Pelican
pbjoLfsZUs4-00075-00017052-00017438 in Donald Rooms Wildcat 1985 pillock is
pbjoLfsZUs4-00076-00017439-00017660 often used to present complex social
pbjoLfsZUs4-00077-00017661-00017891 ideas and anarchist philosophy ragged
pbjoLfsZUs4-00078-00017892-00018113 Robin a time-traveling cybernetically
pbjoLfsZUs4-00079-00018114-00018308 enhanced telepath and member of an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00080-00018309-00018491 anarchist secret society in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00081-00018492-00018806 Invisibles 1994 by Grant Morrison Tank
pbjoLfsZUs4-00082-00018807-00019043 Girl a violent punk wanted criminal and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00083-00019044-00019388 tank commander she was created in 1988
pbjoLfsZUs4-00084-00019389-00019601 by Jamie Hewlett and Allen Martin for
pbjoLfsZUs4-00085-00019602-00019805 their independent comic series Tank Girl
pbjoLfsZUs4-00086-00019806-00020054 via an anonymous English terrorist with
pbjoLfsZUs4-00087-00020055-00020279 enhanced strength reflexes and mental
pbjoLfsZUs4-00088-00020280-00020564 capacity he is perhaps a genius or
pbjoLfsZUs4-00089-00020565-00020768 merely insane and acts as an allegorical
pbjoLfsZUs4-00090-00020769-00021097 force for anarchy he was created by Alan
pbjoLfsZUs4-00091-00021098-00021317 Moore and David Lloyd for their 1982
pbjoLfsZUs4-00092-00021318-00021614 comic series V for Vendetta Wildcat and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00093-00021615-00021860 anarcho-punk cat created by Donald ruim
pbjoLfsZUs4-00094-00021861-00022109 in 1985 as the lead character in his
pbjoLfsZUs4-00095-00022110-00022436 comic strip Wildcat topic literature
pbjoLfsZUs4-00096-00022437-00022625 clay a main character encountered by the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00097-00022626-00022853 protagonists of the Oregon experiment by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00098-00022854-00023117 Keith Scribner the character was based
pbjoLfsZUs4-00099-00023118-00023303 on anarchists the author met professor
pbjoLfsZUs4-00100-00023304-00023531 bernardo de la paz an intellectual
pbjoLfsZUs4-00101-00023532-00023735 subversive who self-identifies as a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00102-00023736-00023924 rational anarchist in the moon as a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00103-00023925-00024269 harsh mistress 1966 by Robert a Heinlein
pbjoLfsZUs4-00104-00024270-00024464 Edward Toby an agent of the anarchist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00105-00024465-00024743 League in the last of the Masters 1954
pbjoLfsZUs4-00106-00024744-00025061 by philip k dick edward toby is among a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00107-00025062-00025232 trio of anarchists tasked with
pbjoLfsZUs4-00108-00025233-00025444 investigating rumors of a government in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00109-00025445-00025706 hiding near a remote mountain valley his
pbjoLfsZUs4-00110-00025707-00025939 daughter and comrade sylvia toby is
pbjoLfsZUs4-00111-00025941-00026243 kidnapped by a military scouts after
pbjoLfsZUs4-00112-00026244-00026402 infiltrating the state edward
pbjoLfsZUs4-00113-00026402-00026600 assassinates the head of state the last
pbjoLfsZUs4-00114-00026601-00026770 government robot and rescue
pbjoLfsZUs4-00115-00026772-00026960 his daughter Corky Laputa an avowed
pbjoLfsZUs4-00116-00026961-00027197 anarchist who sews chaos in various ways
pbjoLfsZUs4-00117-00027198-00027458 in the face by Dean Koontz Freddie
pbjoLfsZUs4-00118-00027458-00027689 stubby Lynch a poor paperboy in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00119-00027689-00028031 anarchist his dog 1912 by Susan Glaspell
pbjoLfsZUs4-00120-00028032-00028247 Valentin Michael Carr Steve a Russian
pbjoLfsZUs4-00121-00028248-00028489 revolutionary terrorist and author of an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00122-00028491-00028682 anarchist treatise the laws of human
pbjoLfsZUs4-00123-00028683-00029002 history in protect and defend 1999 by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00124-00029004-00029273 Eric L Harry Hagbard Celine a Discordian
pbjoLfsZUs4-00125-00029274-00029507 genius computer engineer and captain of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00126-00029508-00029814 a submarine in the Illuminatus trilogy
pbjoLfsZUs4-00127-00029816-00030119 1969 by Robert Shaye and Robert Anton
pbjoLfsZUs4-00128-00030120-00030410 Wilson Cod DJ er a mysterious man who
pbjoLfsZUs4-00129-00030411-00030647 believes in anarchic individualism in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00130-00030648-00030926 the survivors of the jonathan 1897 by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00131-00030927-00031211 jules verne possibly based on peter
pbjoLfsZUs4-00132-00031212-00031481 kropotkin leo goal a pessimistic aging
pbjoLfsZUs4-00133-00031482-00031718 author and former labor organizer and at
pbjoLfsZUs4-00134-00031719-00032024 the an artists convention 1979 by john
pbjoLfsZUs4-00135-00032025-00032075 sayles
pbjoLfsZUs4-00136-00032076-00032290 lucien gregory a militant terrorist who
pbjoLfsZUs4-00137-00032291-00032492 promotes chaos as the epitome of beauty
pbjoLfsZUs4-00138-00032493-00032710 and anarchy in the man who was Thursday
pbjoLfsZUs4-00139-00032711-00032957 1908 by GK Chesterton
pbjoLfsZUs4-00140-00032958-00033239 he is an allegorical figure representing
pbjoLfsZUs4-00141-00033240-00033458 Lucifer the file a murderous terrorist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00142-00033459-00033758 in an anarchist 1905 by Joseph Conrad
pbjoLfsZUs4-00143-00033759-00034028 the mechanic aka crocodile and an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00144-00034029-00034240 Turkish toad de Barcelona an anonymous
pbjoLfsZUs4-00145-00034241-00034427 escaped convict driven mad by his
pbjoLfsZUs4-00146-00034428-00034640 association with anarchists and who
pbjoLfsZUs4-00147-00034641-00034811 never reveals his true name in an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00148-00034812-00035189 anarchist 1905 by Joseph Conrad he
pbjoLfsZUs4-00149-00035190-00035387 denies being an anarchist but is still
pbjoLfsZUs4-00150-00035388-00035570 labeled one by the narrator at the end
pbjoLfsZUs4-00151-00035571-00035639 of the story
pbjoLfsZUs4-00152-00035640-00035846 Paula Mendoza an anarchist who uses
pbjoLfsZUs4-00153-00035847-00036044 unconventional methods as a diplomat to
pbjoLfsZUs4-00154-00036045-00036257 maintain peace between antagonistic
pbjoLfsZUs4-00155-00036258-00036475 political factions in floating worlds
pbjoLfsZUs4-00156-00036476-00036770 1975 by Cecilia Holland Merlin as
pbjoLfsZUs4-00157-00036771-00036953 portrayed by the author the Arthurian
pbjoLfsZUs4-00158-00036954-00037136 Wizard portrayed as an anarchist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00159-00037137-00037343 anti-communist anti-fascist and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00160-00037344-00037549 anti-militarist in the book of Merlin
pbjoLfsZUs4-00161-00037550-00037835 1941 by th white Mike Ellis an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00162-00037836-00038018 underground terrorist in the secret
pbjoLfsZUs4-00163-00038019-00038273 agent 1907 by Joseph Conrad
pbjoLfsZUs4-00164-00038274-00038486 Ossipon an underground terrorist in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00165-00038487-00038759 secret agent 1907 by Joseph Conrad
pbjoLfsZUs4-00166-00038760-00038981 Robert Penn an agent of the anarchist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00167-00038982-00039257 League in the last of the Masters 1954
pbjoLfsZUs4-00168-00039258-00039563 by philip k dick Robert Penn is among a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00169-00039564-00039727 trio of anarchists tasked with
pbjoLfsZUs4-00170-00039728-00039944 investigating rumors of a government in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00171-00039945-00040146 hiding near a remote mountain valley
pbjoLfsZUs4-00172-00040147-00040423 unroot his group is intercepted by spies
pbjoLfsZUs4-00173-00040424-00040590 of the state who are ordered to kill the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00174-00040591-00040842 agents of the three Penn does not
pbjoLfsZUs4-00175-00040843-00041029 survive though the spies die with him
pbjoLfsZUs4-00176-00041030-00041239 Shevek an experimental physicist and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00177-00041240-00041430 theoretician attempting to develop a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00178-00041431-00041595 general temporal theory in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00179-00041596-00041917 dispossessed 1974 by Ursula K Le Guin
pbjoLfsZUs4-00180-00041918-00042145 Simon a murderous terrorist in an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00181-00042146-00042489 anarchist 1905 by Joseph Conrad Sylvia
pbjoLfsZUs4-00182-00042490-00042699 Toby an agent of the anarchist League in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00183-00042700-00043020 the last of the Masters 1954 by philip k
pbjoLfsZUs4-00184-00043021-00043302 dick sylvia toby is among a trio of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00185-00043303-00043449 anarchists tasked with investigating
pbjoLfsZUs4-00186-00043450-00043695 rumors of a government in hiding near a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00187-00043696-00043948 remote mountain valley she is kidnapped
pbjoLfsZUs4-00188-00043949-00044148 by military scouts after falling
pbjoLfsZUs4-00189-00044149-00044430 unconscious in a car wreck she has taken
pbjoLfsZUs4-00190-00044431-00044620 to the government center and questioned
pbjoLfsZUs4-00191-00044621-00044799 by the head of state the last government
pbjoLfsZUs4-00192-00044800-00045076 robot her father Edward Toby
pbjoLfsZUs4-00193-00045077-00045336 assassinates the robot and rescues her
pbjoLfsZUs4-00194-00045337-00045717 Viceroy Wilson an anarchist and former
pbjoLfsZUs4-00195-00045718-00045915 football player in Carl Hiaasen
pbjoLfsZUs4-00196-00045916-00046471 tourist season 1986
pbjoLfsZUs4-00197-00046472-00047009 topic television film
pbjoLfsZUs4-00198-00047010-00047187 Cosmo
pbjoLfsZUs4-00199-00047188-00047415 a former 60s radical and hacker
pbjoLfsZUs4-00200-00047416-00047649 performed by Ben Kingsley in sneakers
pbjoLfsZUs4-00201-00047650-00048055 1992 Cosmo who finances his anarchist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00202-00048056-00048246 activities with a day job as a money
pbjoLfsZUs4-00203-00048247-00048480 launderer for organized crime schemes to
pbjoLfsZUs4-00204-00048481-00048745 steal an experimental universal decrypt
pbjoLfsZUs4-00205-00048746-00048952 her which will allow him to hack into
pbjoLfsZUs4-00206-00048953-00049192 and destroy all computerized financial
pbjoLfsZUs4-00207-00049193-00049362 records effectively toppling the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00208-00049363-00049564 capitalist system and he hopes laying
pbjoLfsZUs4-00209-00049565-00049767 the groundwork for a horizontal aasaiya
pbjoLfsZUs4-00210-00049768-00050049 T Dennis a peasant member of an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00211-00050050-00050277 anarcho-syndicalist commune performed by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00212-00050278-00050482 Michael Palin in Monty Python and the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00213-00050483-00050877 Holy Grail 1975 Dahle silk the knife
pbjoLfsZUs4-00214-00050878-00051070 fighter an assassin and member of an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00215-00051071-00051298 underground terrorist cell in anarchists
pbjoLfsZUs4-00216-00051299-00051661 a Nicosia - mm the role of dolls hook is
pbjoLfsZUs4-00217-00051662-00052024 played by lee bumsoo double D a slacker
pbjoLfsZUs4-00218-00052025-00052312 and squatter he is played by Steve van
pbjoLfsZUs4-00219-00052313-00052563 wermer in the Anarchist Cookbook 2002
pbjoLfsZUs4-00220-00052564-00052938 eso QQ a violently independent and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00221-00052939-00053287 antisocial alien Star Trek TNG episode
pbjoLfsZUs4-00222-00053288-00053457 number 66
pbjoLfsZUs4-00223-00053458-00053812 Allegiant 1990 Reiner shown performed
pbjoLfsZUs4-00224-00053813-00053994 the role Florin
pbjoLfsZUs4-00225-00053995-00054230 an anarchist Emma nest mujeres libras
pbjoLfsZUs4-00226-00054232-00054483 member spirit medium and militia soldier
pbjoLfsZUs4-00227-00054484-00054648 during the Spanish Civil War in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00228-00054649-00055053 libertarian women libertarians 1996 the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00229-00055054-00055269 role of Florin is performed by Ana belén
pbjoLfsZUs4-00230-00055270-00055662 jinn a hippie squatter she is played by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00231-00055663-00055862 sabine sing in the Anarchist Cookbook
pbjoLfsZUs4-00232-00055863-00056283 2002 johnny read a 60s radical who
pbjoLfsZUs4-00233-00056284-00056567 idealizes sweden he is played by John
pbjoLfsZUs4-00234-00056569-00056826 Savage in the Anarchist Cookbook 2002
pbjoLfsZUs4-00235-00056827-00057165 honey on gun a disguise artist and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00236-00057166-00057348 leader of an underground terrorist cell
pbjoLfsZUs4-00237-00057349-00057702 in anarchists and a Casilla - 2000 Han
pbjoLfsZUs4-00238-00057703-00057927 Myung GaN is played by kim sang-joong
pbjoLfsZUs4-00239-00057928-00058272 carla a bisexual squatter with issues of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00240-00058273-00058555 misandry in the Anarchist Cookbook 2002
pbjoLfsZUs4-00241-00058557-00058889 she is played by gina phillips kim an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00242-00058890-00059250 exiled hero of the spanish civil war he
pbjoLfsZUs4-00243-00059251-00059460 is played by antonio resines in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00244-00059461-00059787 shanghai spell LM Brujo de Shanghai 2002
pbjoLfsZUs4-00245-00059788-00060123 leejohn a martial artist and member of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00246-00060124-00060285 an underground terrorist cell in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00247-00060286-00060612 anarchists leejohn is portrayed by jeong
pbjoLfsZUs4-00248-00060613-00060978 jun-ho anna Casilla - mm lily cruz IV
pbjoLfsZUs4-00249-00060979-00061248 aguas a strong woman vowing revenge
pbjoLfsZUs4-00250-00061249-00061458 against the corrupt and terroristic
pbjoLfsZUs4-00251-00061459-00061671 fascistic ardiente political klan
pbjoLfsZUs4-00252-00061672-00061884 responsible for her family's loss in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00253-00061885-00062088 wildflower she is portrayed by maja
pbjoLfsZUs4-00254-00062089-00062415 salvador in this 2017-2018 philippine
pbjoLfsZUs4-00255-00062416-00062628 political action crime suspense epic
pbjoLfsZUs4-00256-00062629-00062930 mandu for cat a former soldier in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00257-00062932-00063165 Spanish Civil War he is played by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00258-00063166-00063408 Edouard Fernandez in the Shanghai spell
pbjoLfsZUs4-00259-00063409-00063776 LM Brujo de Shanghai 2002 Pedro an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00260-00063777-00064053 inmate in a World War 2 era German
pbjoLfsZUs4-00261-00064054-00064229 prison camp captured while trying to
pbjoLfsZUs4-00262-00064230-00064491 assassinate fascists he is played by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00263-00064491-00064689 Fernando rey in seven beauties
pbjoLfsZUs4-00264-00064690-00065102 Pasqualino cerebellar z 1975 pilar an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00265-00065103-00065391 anarchic eminence mujeres libras member
pbjoLfsZUs4-00266-00065391-00065580 and militia leader during the Spanish
pbjoLfsZUs4-00267-00065581-00065775 Civil War in libertarian women
pbjoLfsZUs4-00268-00065776-00066174 libertarian 1996 the role of Pilar is
pbjoLfsZUs4-00269-00066175-00066495 performed by Ana belén puck a college
pbjoLfsZUs4-00270-00066496-00066726 dropout slacker and squatter in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00271-00066727-00067056 Anarchist Cookbook 2002 he is played by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00272-00067057-00067294 Devon gummersall Rick Pratt
pbjoLfsZUs4-00273-00067295-00067495 a college student activist and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00274-00067496-00067780 self-proclaimed people's poet in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00275-00067781-00068113 1982 BBC television series The Young
pbjoLfsZUs4-00276-00068114-00068350 Ones created and performed by Rik Mayall
pbjoLfsZUs4-00277-00068351-00068575 Rick is a hypocritical tantrum throwing
pbjoLfsZUs4-00278-00068576-00068773 attention seeker and fan of Cliff
pbjoLfsZUs4-00279-00068774-00069022 Richard it is implied in the final
pbjoLfsZUs4-00280-00069023-00069256 episode that contrary to his proletarian
pbjoLfsZUs4-00281-00069257-00069429 pretensions he is from an upper-class
pbjoLfsZUs4-00282-00069430-00069712 conservative background he and his
pbjoLfsZUs4-00283-00069713-00069928 co-stars die in the final episode of the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00284-00069929-00070147 series when having robbed a bank the bus
pbjoLfsZUs4-00285-00070148-00070339 they are escaping in falls over a cliff
pbjoLfsZUs4-00286-00070340-00070744 and explodes Mayall created Rick as one
pbjoLfsZUs4-00287-00070745-00070921 of several characters he portrayed
pbjoLfsZUs4-00288-00070922-00071125 during his solo act at the Comedy Store
pbjoLfsZUs4-00289-00071126-00071359 during the early eighties Mayall
pbjoLfsZUs4-00290-00071360-00071545 co-created the young ones with then
pbjoLfsZUs4-00291-00071546-00071725 girlfriend leaves Mayer during the same
pbjoLfsZUs4-00292-00071726-00072007 period injecting the character into the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00293-00072008-00072232 series it was pitched to the BBC and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00294-00072233-00072379 subsequently picked up for production
pbjoLfsZUs4-00295-00072380-00072769 Sweeney a promiscuous squatter and DJ
pbjoLfsZUs4-00296-00072770-00072952 who works at a record store in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00297-00072953-00073291 Anarchist Cookbook 2002 Sweeney Johnny
pbjoLfsZUs4-00298-00073292-00073459 Whitworth is one of the squatters who
pbjoLfsZUs4-00299-00073460-00073657 falls under the control of the nihilist
pbjoLfsZUs4-00300-00073658-00073831 Johnny black through an addiction to
pbjoLfsZUs4-00301-00073832-00074179 cocaine Sangu a member in training of an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00302-00074180-00074401 underground terrorist cell in anarchists
pbjoLfsZUs4-00303-00074402-00074749 and a Casilla 2 mm sang-gu kim in-kwon
pbjoLfsZUs4-00304-00074750-00074983 is adopted into the terror cell after
pbjoLfsZUs4-00305-00074984-00075210 they rescue him from a public execution
pbjoLfsZUs4-00306-00075211-00075436 orphaned after his family was killed
pbjoLfsZUs4-00307-00075437-00075631 during a village massacre he travelled
pbjoLfsZUs4-00308-00075632-00075808 to Shanghai to take part in revenge
pbjoLfsZUs4-00309-00075809-00076120 killings against Japanese politicians he
pbjoLfsZUs4-00310-00076121-00076279 becomes an apprentice to each of the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00311-00076280-00076492 send your cell members but gravitates to
pbjoLfsZUs4-00312-00076493-00076678 Sarah gay and is the only witness to
pbjoLfsZUs4-00313-00076679-00076936 Sarah gays death as the only surviving
pbjoLfsZUs4-00314-00076937-00077131 member of the cell the narration of the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00315-00077132-00077281 film is told from his perspective
pbjoLfsZUs4-00316-00077282-00077614 decades later Sarah gay an expert
pbjoLfsZUs4-00317-00077615-00077815 marksman and assassin and member of an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00318-00077816-00078022 underground terrorist cell in the Korean
pbjoLfsZUs4-00319-00078023-00078403 film anarchists and a Casilla 2 mm Sarah
pbjoLfsZUs4-00320-00078404-00078526 gay jang dong-gun
pbjoLfsZUs4-00321-00078527-00078751 is an old comrade of lee jun and a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00322-00078752-00078910 victim of torture at the hands of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00323-00078911-00079102 japanese interrogators leading to a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00324-00079103-00079357 self-destructive opium addiction after
pbjoLfsZUs4-00325-00079358-00079567 failing a mission he is ordered by his
pbjoLfsZUs4-00326-00079568-00079750 leftist leaders to redeem himself by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00327-00079751-00079918 taking part in an impossible
pbjoLfsZUs4-00328-00079919-00080209 assassination mission surprisingly he
pbjoLfsZUs4-00329-00080210-00080395 succeeds but has betrayed by another
pbjoLfsZUs4-00330-00080396-00080581 assassin sent to be sure he has killed
pbjoLfsZUs4-00331-00080582-00080647 Tina
pbjoLfsZUs4-00332-00080648-00080947 Tiago a young mother and widow of an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00333-00080948-00081160 Iraq war veteran turned militant black
pbjoLfsZUs4-00334-00081161-00081456 bloc protester in this revolution 2004
pbjoLfsZUs4-00335-00081457-00081736 actress rosario Dawson was arrested
pbjoLfsZUs4-00336-00081737-00081898 during filming for breaking an andy
pbjoLfsZUs4-00337-00081899-00082062 masks ordinance at the republican
pbjoLfsZUs4-00338-00082063-00082342 national convention protest march the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00339-00082343-00082531 script of the film was quickly rewritten
pbjoLfsZUs4-00340-00082532-00082707 to account for her absence and live
pbjoLfsZUs4-00341-00082708-00082897 footage of the arrest was included in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00342-00082898-00083062 the movie portrayed instead as the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00343-00083063-00083299 arrest of the character santiago jerome
pbjoLfsZUs4-00344-00083300-00083619 velasca an anarchist terrorists and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00345-00083620-00083860 criminal gang lord created by producer
pbjoLfsZUs4-00346-00083861-00084046 and screenwriter Bruno Heller for the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00347-00084047-00084262 television series Gotham and played by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00348-00084263-00084529 actor Cameron Monaghan the character
pbjoLfsZUs4-00349-00084530-00084715 acts as a tribute and forerunner to the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00350-00084716-00084946 Batman supervillain Joker as well as
pbjoLfsZUs4-00351-00084947-00085147 exploring the mythology of the character
pbjoLfsZUs4-00352-00085148-00085456 Jorgy an anarchist terrorists and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00353-00085457-00085812 criminal gang Lord in the film xxx 2002
pbjoLfsZUs4-00354-00085813-00085924 yogi
pbjoLfsZUs4-00355-00085925-00086128 Marton Csokas was an officer in the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00356-00086129-00086278 russian army during the second chechen
pbjoLfsZUs4-00357-00086279-00086506 war until he and his subordinates grew
pbjoLfsZUs4-00358-00086507-00086665 disgusted by the corruption of the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00359-00086666-00086803 government and the deaths of their own
pbjoLfsZUs4-00360-00086804-00087118 comrades they mutiny and reorganized as
pbjoLfsZUs4-00361-00087119-00087403 a criminal organization Anarchy 99 named
pbjoLfsZUs4-00362-00087404-00087612 for the year their rebellion in an
pbjoLfsZUs4-00363-00087613-00087778 effort to eliminate government on a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00364-00087779-00087963 global scale he builds an automated
pbjoLfsZUs4-00365-00087964-00088198 submarine a hat that will anonymously
pbjoLfsZUs4-00366-00088199-00088405 launch deadly gas at several cities
pbjoLfsZUs4-00367-00088406-00088615 worldwide in the hope that the resulting
pbjoLfsZUs4-00368-00088616-00088830 social turmoil will initiate a breakdown
pbjoLfsZUs4-00369-00088831-00089025 in global order leaving only a condition
pbjoLfsZUs4-00370-00089026-00089371 of anarchy he is killed by Xander cage
pbjoLfsZUs4-00371-00089372-00089584 who then successfully neutralizes the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00372-00089585-00089855 poison aboard the Ahab Pau Zotoh John a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00373-00089856-00090150 Delvian priestess and political prisoner
pbjoLfsZUs4-00374-00090151-00090349 in the sci-fi channel original series
pbjoLfsZUs4-00375-00090350-00090703 far escaped 1999 she is of an empathic
pbjoLfsZUs4-00376-00090704-00090946 and telepathic alien species and has
pbjoLfsZUs4-00377-00090947-00091212 skills in drug and explosive manufacture
pbjoLfsZUs4-00378-00091213-00091509 she dies early in season 3 of the series
pbjoLfsZUs4-00379-00091510-00091743 sacrificing herself to save the lives of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00380-00091744-00092017 her shipmates in reality actress
pbjoLfsZUs4-00381-00092018-00092200 Virginia hay was unable to continue
pbjoLfsZUs4-00382-00092201-00092382 playing the character as the makeup
pbjoLfsZUs4-00383-00092383-00092562 effects were harming her kidneys as a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00384-00092563-00092860 year antagonist of the third season of
pbjoLfsZUs4-00385-00092861-00093180 Nickelodeon TV series legend of korra as
pbjoLfsZUs4-00386-00093181-00093405 a year is a self-described anarchist and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00387-00093406-00093586 leader of the terrorist organization
pbjoLfsZUs4-00388-00093587-00093859 order of the Red Lotus is a year's goal
pbjoLfsZUs4-00389-00093860-00094030 throughout the series as to create a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00390-00094031-00094198 worldwide society based on the
pbjoLfsZUs4-00391-00094199-00094387 principles of freedom and chaos by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00392-00094388-00094576 overthrowing all world governments and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00393-00094577-00094795 killing the Avatar though born a
pbjoLfsZUs4-00394-00094796-00094999 non-bender as a year gains the ability
pbjoLfsZUs4-00395-00095000-00095170 of airbending after harmonic convergence
pbjoLfsZUs4-00396-00095171-00095407 which he becomes greatly adept gaining
pbjoLfsZUs4-00397-00095408-00095587 the ability of flight a technique that
pbjoLfsZUs4-00398-00095588-00095773 no other Airbender in the show has been
pbjoLfsZUs4-00399-00095774-00096187 shown to have
pbjoLfsZUs4-00400-00096188-00096619 epic theater
pbjoLfsZUs4-00401-00096620-00097000 Tom Collins a philosophy professor with
pbjoLfsZUs4-00402-00097001-00097231 AIDS Tom Collins as a major character in
pbjoLfsZUs4-00403-00097232-00097429 the American Tony Award and Pulitzer
pbjoLfsZUs4-00404-00097430-00097756 prize-winning rock musical Rent 1996 by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00405-00097757-00098017 Jonathan Larson he is the friend and
pbjoLfsZUs4-00406-00098018-00098175 former roommate of several characters
pbjoLfsZUs4-00407-00098176-00098467 including Roger mark Benny and Maureen
pbjoLfsZUs4-00408-00098468-00098740 and his angels lover during musical
pbjoLfsZUs4-00409-00098741-00098956 numbers the performer playing Tom sings
pbjoLfsZUs4-00410-00098957-00099178 bass the character is inspired by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00411-00099179-00099487 Colleen a character in La Boheme by
pbjoLfsZUs4-00412-00099488-00099946 Giacomo Puccini
pbjoLfsZUs4-00413-00099947-00100465 topic see also
pbjoLfsZUs4-00414-00100466-00100812 anarchism in the arts libertarian
pbjoLfsZUs4-00415-00100813-00101195 science fiction
pbjoLfsZUs4-00416-00101196-00101630 topic footnotes and citations
pbjoLfsZUs4-00417-00101631-00101792 you
pbjoLfsZUs4-00418-00101793-00101999 you
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00000-00000042-00000416 foreign
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00001-00000417-00003137 [Music]
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00002-00003138-00003436 so uh we've been doing a big series on
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00003-00003438-00003604 Shiva purana
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00004-00003605-00003820 and we haven't been getting many
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00005-00003821-00003940 comments
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00006-00003942-00004331 or really only one thoughtful deep
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00007-00004332-00004445 comment
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00008-00004446-00004781 and uh you know we we get we get it that
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00009-00004782-00005117 you appreciate it but I would like to
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00010-00005118-00005483 see more inquiry into some of the deep
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00011-00005484-00005836 questions raised by Shiva purana
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00012-00005837-00006052 there are a lot of things in Shiva
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00013-00006053-00006454 purana that need further explanation
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00014-00006455-00006773 and uh you know you should inquire you
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00015-00006773-00007092 should be active you should be proactive
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00016-00007093-00007427 and let me know because I don't know
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00017-00007428-00007619 what you don't understand
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00018-00007620-00007925 you know and if I make any assumptions I
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00019-00007926-00008117 I could insult your intelligence and I
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00020-00008118-00008291 don't want to do that
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00021-00008292-00008471 so
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00022-00008472-00008717 I'm going to pick one topic which is
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00023-00008718-00009114 very very important which is the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00024-00009115-00009599 identity of Shiva and Alm
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00025-00009600-00009863 Brahman
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00026-00009864-00010078 so we're going to look into not only
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00027-00010079-00010571 shiv purana but the mundaka upanishad
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00028-00010572-00010921 which is a really wonderful powerful
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00029-00010922-00011119 amazing
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00030-00011120-00011410 profound upanishad
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00031-00011411-00011687 and uh because it deals with the four
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00032-00011688-00011951 states of consciousness
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00033-00011952-00012233 but before we get to that first let's
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00034-00012234-00012485 look into it
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00035-00012486-00012910 um or pranava means an excellent boat to
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00036-00012911-00013288 cross the ocean of worldly existence
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00037-00013290-00013672 pra means of the prakriti the world
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00038-00013673-00013883 evolved out of it
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00039-00013884-00014215 navam means
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00040-00014216-00014488 an excellent boat
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00041-00014490-00014836 so together they are pranava
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00042-00014837-00015119 or it may mean that which leads to
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00043-00015119-00015238 Salvation
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00044-00015240-00015515 or it may mean that which leads to new
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00045-00015516-00015647 knowledge
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00046-00015647-00015941 after annihilating all actions it gives
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00047-00015941-00016163 the persons who repeat the Mantra will
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00048-00016163-00016457 worship it fresh knowledge of the pure
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00049-00016458-00016619 soul
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00050-00016620-00016858 so here we are in the ocean of material
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00051-00016859-00016997 existence
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00052-00016998-00017285 huh stranded
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00053-00017286-00017663 in the middle of this vast creation
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00054-00017664-00017980 how do we cross over it how do we get
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00055-00017981-00018233 through it how do we even deal with it
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00056-00018234-00018472 it's so overwhelming
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00057-00018473-00018611 so
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00058-00018612-00018683 um
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00059-00018684-00019030 the Mantra on car means the the letter
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00060-00019031-00019319 om it has its own symbol
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00061-00019320-00019649 is like a boat a good boat
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00062-00019650-00020069 that can withstand the upheavals and the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00063-00020070-00020375 waves and storms of this ocean and take
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00064-00020376-00020653 us to the other side which is salvation
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00065-00020654-00020975 mukti Moksha
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00066-00020976-00021161 and there's more
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00067-00021162-00021694 this pranava is twofold subtle and gross
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00068-00021695-00022091 the subtle pranava is a single syllable
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00069-00022092-00022325 the five constituent letters are
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00070-00022326-00022541 undifferentiated
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00071-00022542-00022649 um
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00072-00022650-00022955 the gross pranava is five syllables
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00073-00022956-00023249 where all the syllables are manifest
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00074-00023250-00023489 nama shivaya
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00075-00023490-00023903 so Shiva purana gives the meaning of own
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00076-00023904-00024203 at least the grammatical meaning
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00077-00024204-00024628 and it also ties it in with Shiva and
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00078-00024629-00024844 we'll see in the next couple of slides
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00079-00024845-00025036 how that is so
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00080-00025037-00025308 the mere repeater of the Mantra om
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00081-00025309-00025612 certainly attains yogic communion with
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00082-00025613-00025739 Shiva
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00083-00025739-00026027 when the body is destroyed undoubtedly
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00084-00026027-00026320 he merges completely in Shiva
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00085-00026322-00026693 o brahmanas the five-syllable Mantra of
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00086-00026694-00027011 Shiva is the gross pranava it implies
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00087-00027012-00027214 the five principles
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00088-00027216-00027473 the japa of the five-syllable Mantra
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00089-00027474-00027695 shall always be performed along with
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00090-00027695-00028055 pranava a man can achieve everything by
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00091-00028056-00028264 means of japa of the five-syllable
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00092-00028266-00028655 Mantra and ishwara himself said
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00093-00028656-00028973 hence Hereafter you shall start reciting
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00094-00028974-00029255 the Mantra aankhara to acquire knowledge
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00095-00029256-00029608 of me it shall quell your false Pride as
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00096-00029610-00029711 well
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00097-00029712-00029957 I have taught this great auspicious
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00098-00029958-00030335 Mantra aankar came out of my mouth
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00099-00030336-00030695 originally it indicates me it is the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00100-00030695-00030970 indicator and I am the indicated
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00101-00030972-00031307 repetition of this Mantra is verily my
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00102-00031308-00031727 repeated remembrance this aung Mantra is
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00103-00031727-00032002 identical with me
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00104-00032004-00032279 so here we have Shiva directly saying
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00105-00032280-00032807 that al-qarah is himself it's identical
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00106-00032808-00032999 with him
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00107-00033000-00033352 well what can this mean huh how do we
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00108-00033353-00033689 actually implement it in terms of a
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00109-00033690-00034001 yogic practice or devotional practice or
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00110-00034002-00034205 meditation
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00111-00034206-00034462 so to do that we have to go into the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00112-00034463-00034781 structure of ohm and analyze the meaning
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00113-00034782-00034955 of the different letters
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00114-00034956-00035273 and the syllables of the five-syllable
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00115-00035274-00035411 mantra
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00116-00035412-00035640 because they are the same
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00117-00035641-00036023 Ang is one syllable it's the subtle
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00118-00036024-00036383 pranava and the gross pranava is the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00119-00036384-00036533 Shiva mantra
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00120-00036534-00036809 Vaya
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00121-00036810-00037024 so let's take a look into how that is
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00122-00037025-00037181 structured
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00123-00037182-00037745 the glyph or symbol om has five parts
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00124-00037746-00038074 ah ooh
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00125-00038075-00038177 um
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00126-00038178-00038543 Bindu and nada
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00127-00038544-00038885 now Bindu is a point a dimensionless
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00128-00038886-00039196 point that represents the goddess and
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00129-00039197-00039623 NADA is the subtle sound the sound of
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00130-00039624-00039868 creation that generates the entire
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00131-00039869-00040079 universe
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00132-00040080-00040499 so these five parts of the syllable own
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00133-00040500-00040918 are illustrated by the five syllables of
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00134-00040919-00041765 the panchakshara Mantra VA
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00135-00041766-00042035 now you're all familiar or you should be
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00136-00042036-00042449 familiar by now with our chart based on
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00137-00042450-00042702 the four states of consciousness
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00138-00042703-00043043 jagrupt waking consciousness swapna
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00139-00043044-00043505 dreaming sushupti deep sleep and turiya
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00140-00043506-00043780 the transcendental consciousness
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00141-00043781-00044117 and these are equated with the different
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00142-00044118-00044483 darshans or views of reality and the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00143-00044484-00044752 corresponding yogas that are performed
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00144-00044753-00045005 to realize these states of Consciousness
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00145-00045006-00045311 and those in turn are mapped to the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00146-00045312-00045707 seven chakras and their functions
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00147-00045708-00046133 but here we want to look into the states
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00148-00046134-00046499 of Consciousness as understood in terms
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00149-00046500-00046702 of all
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00150-00046703-00047068 so in the devanagari and the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00151-00047069-00047290 transliterations of the syllables we
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00152-00047291-00047555 have ah which is equivalent to the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00153-00047556-00047861 syllable na of the panchakshara Mantra
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00154-00047862-00048143 we have U which is equivalent to the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00155-00048144-00048301 syllable Ma
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00156-00048302-00048515 and um
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00157-00048516-00048793 which is equivalent to she
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00158-00048794-00049187 and Bindu and NADA which are equivalent
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00159-00049188-00049990 to the syllables Vaya
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00160-00049991-00050285 so each of these syllables then
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00161-00050286-00050645 represents a state of consciousness
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00162-00050646-00051252 ah or na represents waking consciousness
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00163-00051253-00051652 represents swapna Consciousness dreaming
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00164-00051653-00052085 um or she represents sushupti and she
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00165-00052086-00052499 also represents Shiva directly
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00166-00052500-00052799 and the Bindu and NADA represent the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00167-00052800-00053015 syllables Vaya
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00168-00053016-00053209 syllable
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00169-00053210-00053465 represents Shakti
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00170-00053466-00053635 and
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00171-00053636-00053963 together represent turia the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00172-00053964-00054191 Transcendent consciousness
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00173-00054191-00054376 now the deities
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00174-00054377-00054749 that correspond to these are Brahma
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00175-00054750-00055109 which corresponds to jagrat the world is
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00176-00055110-00055330 the creator of the world and he's in the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00177-00055332-00055626 rajaguna the mode of passion
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00178-00055627-00055937 Vishnu corresponds to swapna dream
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00179-00055938-00056207 Consciousness and he's in the satwaguna
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00180-00056208-00056387 the mode of goodness
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00181-00056388-00056532 Shiva
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00182-00056533-00056938 corresponds to sushupti deep sleep
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00183-00056939-00057335 and he's in the tamaguna of Destruction
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00184-00057336-00057571 and Brahman
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00185-00057572-00057904 corresponds to turia the Transcendent
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00186-00057905-00058121 Consciousness he's near Guna without
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00187-00058122-00058582 qualities and His function is eternity
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00188-00058583-00058954 and the we'll see the mundaka upanishad
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00189-00058955-00059130 describes that
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00190-00059132-00059413 Brahma and Vishnu
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00191-00059414-00059825 are subject to or involved in cause and
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00192-00059826-00059957 effect
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00193-00059958-00060232 in other words they can be both the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00194-00060233-00060497 cause and the effect of the different
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00195-00060498-00060797 modes of nature but Shiva
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00196-00060798-00061097 is cause only
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00197-00061098-00061337 in other words nothing affects him
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00198-00061338-00061573 and the simile is given in Sheikh purana
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00199-00061574-00061966 that a lion is a beast which can attack
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00200-00061967-00062375 others but none can attack him
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00201-00062376-00062741 and finally Brahman whose function is
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00202-00062741-00063076 eternity is causeless it is neither a
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00203-00063077-00063400 cause nor an effect and we'll get into
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00204-00063401-00063592 the meaning of that in subsequent
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00205-00063594-00063803 episodes
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00206-00063804-00064121 so this is all described very clearly in
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00207-00064122-00064369 the mundaka upanishad
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00208-00064370-00064823 upanishad is very short only 12 shlokas
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00209-00064824-00065080 but it's extremely important it's called
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00210-00065082-00065521 the upanishad of upanishads
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00211-00065522-00066132 it's way way esoteric and it gives the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00212-00066133-00066431 correspondence between the states of
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00213-00066432-00066587 consciousness
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00214-00066588-00066785 and the functions of creation
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00215-00066786-00067091 maintenance destruction of the universe
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00216-00067092-00067511 and how we can realize Brahman and go
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00217-00067512-00067829 beyond cause and effect completely
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00218-00067830-00068267 and reach that stage which never changes
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00219-00068268-00068711 that fundamental platform of unchanging
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00220-00068712-00069059 being Consciousness and Bliss such it
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00221-00069060-00069335 Ananda this is Brahman
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00222-00069336-00069569 so how we can realize Brahman is
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00223-00069570-00069761 described explicitly
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00224-00069762-00070049 and so this is Shiva
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00225-00070050-00070288 if we can realize Shiva we can realize
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00226-00070289-00070571 Brahman If We Can chant this Mantra our
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00227-00070572-00070847 own car namashivaya
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00228-00070848-00071171 then we can realize Shiva and from Shiva
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00229-00071172-00071417 we realize Brahman very easily
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00230-00071418-00071759 so let me read the first shloka of
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00231-00071760-00072041 mundaku upanishad and then explain a
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00232-00072042-00072247 little bit
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00233-00072248-00072438 on
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00234-00072439-00072850 oh the word is all this
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00235-00072851-00073121 the following is a clear explanation of
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00236-00073122-00073199 it
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00237-00073200-00073559 all that is past present and future is
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00238-00073560-00073756 verily on
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00239-00073757-00073949 that which is beyond the triple
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00240-00073950-00074482 conception of time is also truly owned
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00241-00074483-00074741 so what does this mean
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00242-00074742-00074975 it means that om
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00243-00074976-00075431 is the origin the seed the root of all
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00244-00075432-00075581 creation
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00245-00075582-00075876 and that the three modes
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00246-00075877-00076253 satvaguna rajaguna and tamoguna The
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00247-00076254-00076559 Trinity of the three demigods Brahma
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00248-00076560-00076787 Vishnu and Shiva
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00249-00076788-00077176 the creation maintenance and sustenance
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00250-00077177-00077591 the various uh words
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00251-00077592-00077861 that describe the different forms in the
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00252-00077862-00078143 universe and actually are used to create
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00253-00078144-00078643 them by the demigods who have the power
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00254-00078644-00079150 these are all contained within all
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00255-00079151-00079403 so Alum is extremely powerful it's
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00256-00079404-00079679 extremely fundamental and those who
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00257-00079680-00079919 understand it are in a position to
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00258-00079920-00080171 actually realize the self
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00259-00080172-00080453 the nature of everything
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00260-00080454-00080687 and just I'd like to close with some
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00261-00080688-00080969 quotes from the Shruti meaning The Vedas
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00262-00080970-00081394 and dupanishads that describe om
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00263-00081395-00081671 it is on
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00264-00081672-00082037 this own is the best support
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00265-00082038-00082403 o such a Karma on is the higher and
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00266-00082404-00082637 lower Brahman
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00267-00082638-00083026 meditate on the self as own
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00268-00083027-00083429 this word aoun is Brahman
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00269-00083430-00083825 all this is verily on
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00270-00083826-00084232 so these are quoted by shankaracharya in
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00271-00084233-00084676 his commentary on the Mundo upanishad
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00272-00084677-00084821 so
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00273-00084822-00085067 what is being said here
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00274-00085068-00085444 is that on is so fundamental that if you
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00275-00085445-00085841 realize it then you realize everything
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00276-00085842-00086056 this is the Pinnacle this is the top of
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00277-00086057-00086206 the mountain
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00278-00086207-00086609 this is the origin of all and therefore
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00279-00086610-00086909 to realize on is to understand
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00280-00086910-00087173 everything
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00281-00087174-00087419 so in the next few episodes we're going
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00282-00087420-00087623 to go through some of the explanations
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00283-00087624-00087959 in the mundaku upanishad and its
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00284-00087960-00088338 commentaries the karaka and the Basia of
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00285-00088339-00088715 gautipod and shankaracharya
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00286-00088716-00089038 go to parties shankaracharya's Grand
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00287-00089039-00089441 Guru great Guru the guru of his Guru
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00288-00089442-00089705 so these are extremely potent
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00289-00089706-00090065 and illuminate the meaning of own as
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00290-00090066-00090287 given in Shiva purana
pb-rgIHKq_Y-00291-00090288-00090644 so please stay tuned
pdp0ndDtYGY-00000-00000138-00000305 a eunuch is somebody who has been
pdp0ndDtYGY-00001-00000306-00000611 castrated either fully or partially they
pdp0ndDtYGY-00002-00000612-00000743 were usually highly sought after in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00003-00000744-00000947 Royal courts in the employment of queens
pdp0ndDtYGY-00004-00000948-00001145 and other prominent women due to their
pdp0ndDtYGY-00005-00001146-00001499 lack of sexual desire and organs most of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00006-00001500-00001691 the time eunuch stayed just behind the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00007-00001692-00001973 powers that be acting is trusted and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00008-00001973-00002273 valued advisors and administrators
pdp0ndDtYGY-00009-00002274-00002495 the stronger eunuchs were sometimes even
pdp0ndDtYGY-00010-00002496-00002752 hand-picked to guard rich and Royal
pdp0ndDtYGY-00011-00002753-00003071 Nobles again usually women the more
pdp0ndDtYGY-00012-00003072-00003251 unfortunate eunuchs were used to slave
pdp0ndDtYGY-00013-00003252-00003520 labor while some lived as normal life as
pdp0ndDtYGY-00014-00003521-00003833 they could so the question stands how
pdp0ndDtYGY-00015-00003834-00004067 does a eunuch emerges not only a king
pdp0ndDtYGY-00016-00004068-00004313 but a founder of a dynasty that would
pdp0ndDtYGY-00017-00004314-00004565 outlive him by over a century
pdp0ndDtYGY-00018-00004566-00004793 all this and more will be answered as we
pdp0ndDtYGY-00019-00004794-00004979 look into the life of agar Muhammad Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00020-00004980-00005315 kajar the eunuch Shah of Iran
pdp0ndDtYGY-00021-00005316-00005668 Muhammad Khan kajar was born ironically
pdp0ndDtYGY-00022-00005669-00006052 on the Ides of March March 14th of 1742
pdp0ndDtYGY-00023-00006053-00006293 about 30 kilometers east of the Caspian
pdp0ndDtYGY-00024-00006294-00006581 Sea in a city named astrobat currently
pdp0ndDtYGY-00025-00006581-00006778 named gorgon and still located in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00026-00006779-00007001 modern-day Iran his mother's name was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00027-00007002-00007270 jarine and his father was Muhammad
pdp0ndDtYGY-00028-00007272-00007523 Hassan Khan kajar the chief of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00029-00007523-00007703 Turkish descented canulu branch of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00030-00007704-00007991 kojar clan the tribe had Deep Roots on
pdp0ndDtYGY-00031-00007992-00008178 Iran being part of one of the original
pdp0ndDtYGY-00032-00008179-00008489 11th century Turkish invasions
pdp0ndDtYGY-00033-00008490-00008674 other branches of the kojar clan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00034-00008675-00009023 included the Zia duglu and the davulu
pdp0ndDtYGY-00035-00009024-00009287 by the time AGA Muhammad is born these
pdp0ndDtYGY-00036-00009288-00009485 three branches of the kojar clan had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00037-00009486-00009659 developed a rivalry an intense
pdp0ndDtYGY-00038-00009660-00009941 infighting was a constancy of life
pdp0ndDtYGY-00039-00009942-00010151 AGA Muhammad was born the oldest of nine
pdp0ndDtYGY-00040-00010152-00010360 brothers most important among these
pdp0ndDtYGY-00041-00010361-00010577 being one of the youngest Hassan Kali
pdp0ndDtYGY-00042-00010578-00010714 Khan kajar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00043-00010715-00010942 the first pivotal event in aga's early
pdp0ndDtYGY-00044-00010943-00011101 life was one that he could not remember
pdp0ndDtYGY-00045-00011102-00011381 Nader Shah the Conquering new Shah of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00046-00011382-00011681 Iran invaded mizandarin the prosperous
pdp0ndDtYGY-00047-00011682-00011849 Coastal Province directly to the west of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00048-00011850-00012149 astrobat while in the area Nader Shah
pdp0ndDtYGY-00049-00012150-00012323 decided to conquer astrobat as well
pdp0ndDtYGY-00050-00012324-00012605 August father Chief Mohammed Hassan Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00051-00012606-00012833 kajar still remained on the side of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00052-00012834-00013060 old and deposed safavid Dynasty that
pdp0ndDtYGY-00053-00013061-00013211 Nader Shah was attempting to replace
pdp0ndDtYGY-00054-00013212-00013585 with his own afsharah Dynasty
pdp0ndDtYGY-00055-00013586-00013780 Natasha's very presence in the area
pdp0ndDtYGY-00056-00013781-00014027 would lead the canulu chief to leave the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00057-00014028-00014201 city of astrobat along with his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00058-00014202-00014399 immediate family and live off of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00059-00014400-00014597 surrounding step
pdp0ndDtYGY-00060-00014597-00014794 Nader Shaw who is sometimes referred to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00061-00014795-00015029 as the Napoleon of Persia was able to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00062-00015030-00015197 control Iran through his modernized
pdp0ndDtYGY-00063-00015197-00015485 military equipment and tactics his Reign
pdp0ndDtYGY-00064-00015486-00015713 if challenged would have bitter
pdp0ndDtYGY-00065-00015713-00015905 consequences for those that caught him a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00066-00015906-00016007 pretender
pdp0ndDtYGY-00067-00016008-00016169 he had managed to build a formidable
pdp0ndDtYGY-00068-00016169-00016583 Empire by 1747 but this Empire would all
pdp0ndDtYGY-00069-00016584-00016775 come crashing down along with the man
pdp0ndDtYGY-00070-00016776-00017105 who had built it on June 19th of 1747
pdp0ndDtYGY-00071-00017106-00017357 natter Shah would be assassinated by 15
pdp0ndDtYGY-00072-00017358-00017675 of his own trusted followers then Iran
pdp0ndDtYGY-00073-00017676-00017867 would be split into about 15 warring
pdp0ndDtYGY-00074-00017868-00018058 factions who all vied for control of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00075-00018059-00018215 natter's Empire
pdp0ndDtYGY-00076-00018216-00018419 Chief among these factions would be
pdp0ndDtYGY-00077-00018420-00018689 nadder's two nephews Adele and Ibrahim
pdp0ndDtYGY-00078-00018690-00019019 as well as Nader's grandson shahruk
pdp0ndDtYGY-00079-00019020-00019235 first to take over nadder's place was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00080-00019236-00019505 his oldest nephew Adele Shaw
pdp0ndDtYGY-00081-00019506-00019793 his first act upon becoming Shaw was a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00082-00019794-00020063 purging of all of his relatives killing
pdp0ndDtYGY-00083-00020064-00020314 15 of Natasha's descendants only
pdp0ndDtYGY-00084-00020315-00020500 allowing for his trusted brother Ibrahim
pdp0ndDtYGY-00085-00020501-00020800 and his 13 year old cousin shahruk to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00086-00020801-00020885 live
pdp0ndDtYGY-00087-00020886-00021077 Ibrahim was given governorship of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00088-00021078-00021353 ishaphan while shahruk was simply seen
pdp0ndDtYGY-00089-00021354-00021586 as a pawn and possible successor to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00090-00021587-00021850 either Adel Shah or Ibrahim
pdp0ndDtYGY-00091-00021851-00022072 Adil Shah may have stomped out his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00092-00022073-00022277 family Affairs but they weren't the only
pdp0ndDtYGY-00093-00022278-00022427 family that he needed to worry about
pdp0ndDtYGY-00094-00022428-00022691 with the military genius that was natter
pdp0ndDtYGY-00095-00022692-00022991 Shah dead many of those who rejected his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00096-00022992-00023308 role in open or secretly stepped forward
pdp0ndDtYGY-00097-00023309-00023494 to challenge adalsha's militant
pdp0ndDtYGY-00098-00023495-00023735 competency this included the canulu
pdp0ndDtYGY-00099-00023736-00023957 chief and father of AGA Muhammad Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00100-00023958-00024257 kajar Muhammad Hassan Khan kajar the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00101-00024258-00024436 Exile Chief was eager to return to the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00102-00024437-00024694 city of astrobat which he did upon
pdp0ndDtYGY-00103-00024695-00024911 hearing of Nader Shah's death the city
pdp0ndDtYGY-00104-00024912-00025277 was easily taken but not so easily held
pdp0ndDtYGY-00105-00025278-00025583 in 1748 adelshaw marched to meet this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00106-00025584-00025793 Turkish tribe and city that opposed his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00107-00025794-00025889 rule
pdp0ndDtYGY-00108-00025889-00026105 with an overwhelming Force Adel Shah
pdp0ndDtYGY-00109-00026106-00026323 besieged and easily retook astrobat
pdp0ndDtYGY-00110-00026324-00026567 unfortunately for him no punishment
pdp0ndDtYGY-00111-00026568-00026723 could be dished out to those who
pdp0ndDtYGY-00112-00026724-00027005 disobeyed as Chief Mohammed Hassan kajar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00113-00027006-00027257 made a last-minute Escape From the City
pdp0ndDtYGY-00114-00027258-00027508 along with all of his family
pdp0ndDtYGY-00115-00027510-00027814 well almost all of his family
pdp0ndDtYGY-00116-00027816-00028079 somehow during The Siege the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00117-00028080-00028318 six-year-old eldest son of the chief was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00118-00028319-00028583 captured by Adele Shaw's Force
pdp0ndDtYGY-00119-00028583-00028877 surely this child like so many of Adele
pdp0ndDtYGY-00120-00028877-00029152 Shaw's enemies and family would be
pdp0ndDtYGY-00121-00029154-00029273 executed
pdp0ndDtYGY-00122-00029274-00029524 but adelshaw intended to make an example
pdp0ndDtYGY-00123-00029525-00029831 of Muhammad Khan kajar he decided to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00124-00029832-00030058 order for his castration it's unclear
pdp0ndDtYGY-00125-00030060-00030407 how many of his organs let's call them
pdp0ndDtYGY-00126-00030408-00030689 were cut off but we can safely assume
pdp0ndDtYGY-00127-00030689-00030917 that this was a full castration of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00128-00030918-00031061 boy's manhood
pdp0ndDtYGY-00129-00031062-00031307 he was then given the title akka which
pdp0ndDtYGY-00130-00031308-00031481 translates to eunuch
pdp0ndDtYGY-00131-00031482-00031733 then he was miraculously set free and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00132-00031733-00031902 returned to his father
pdp0ndDtYGY-00133-00031904-00032068 adelshaw thought that he had just
pdp0ndDtYGY-00134-00032069-00032320 neutered a possible future rival but all
pdp0ndDtYGY-00135-00032322-00032537 he really did was create an ambitious
pdp0ndDtYGY-00136-00032538-00032764 and calculating man who cited his own
pdp0ndDtYGY-00137-00032766-00033023 smoothness as the justification for
pdp0ndDtYGY-00138-00033024-00033311 Harsh treatment and torture just as
pdp0ndDtYGY-00139-00033312-00033490 adelshaw appeared to be cementing his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00140-00033491-00033743 role a crack would appear on the surface
pdp0ndDtYGY-00141-00033744-00033887 of his Empire
pdp0ndDtYGY-00142-00033888-00034199 his brother Ibrahim governor of ishaphan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00143-00034200-00034409 revolted and sought to take his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00144-00034410-00034565 brother's throne
pdp0ndDtYGY-00145-00034566-00034781 adelshaw merged West to confront his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00146-00034782-00034961 traitorous brother but his army
pdp0ndDtYGY-00147-00034962-00035152 questioned the leadership of their Shah
pdp0ndDtYGY-00148-00035153-00035423 once loyal soldiers to Nader Shah left
pdp0ndDtYGY-00149-00035424-00035740 Adam Shah to join Ibrahim Shahrukh or
pdp0ndDtYGY-00150-00035741-00035909 their own local warlord that had risen
pdp0ndDtYGY-00151-00035910-00036046 up in the absence of a strong central
pdp0ndDtYGY-00152-00036047-00036173 government
pdp0ndDtYGY-00153-00036174-00036521 on July 29th of 1748 after only a year
pdp0ndDtYGY-00154-00036522-00036827 of rule Ado Shaw's once formidable army
pdp0ndDtYGY-00155-00036828-00037021 was defeated by that of his brothers
pdp0ndDtYGY-00156-00037022-00037295 Ibrahim then took the title of Shah and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00157-00037296-00037511 had his brother blinded too bad he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00158-00037512-00037702 didn't play the karma card and have him
pdp0ndDtYGY-00159-00037703-00038027 castrated as well a ball for a ball in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00160-00038028-00038230 another turn of events only two months
pdp0ndDtYGY-00161-00038231-00038452 after this Shah Ibrahim soldiers would
pdp0ndDtYGY-00162-00038453-00038662 turn against him and in favor of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00163-00038663-00038927 last ascendant of nadarsha Shahrukh
pdp0ndDtYGY-00164-00038928-00039202 fittingly both Ibrahim and Adele would
pdp0ndDtYGY-00165-00039203-00039383 then be executed together
pdp0ndDtYGY-00166-00039384-00039599 the fourteen-year-old Shahrukh Shah was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00167-00039600-00039802 a figurehead ruler with real power
pdp0ndDtYGY-00168-00039803-00040012 resting in his advisors as well as
pdp0ndDtYGY-00169-00040013-00040252 through tribal Chieftains Chieftains
pdp0ndDtYGY-00170-00040253-00040517 like Muhammad Hassan Khan kajar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00171-00040518-00040673 who apparently didn't learn his lesson
pdp0ndDtYGY-00172-00040674-00040901 from last time and openly defied the new
pdp0ndDtYGY-00173-00040902-00041140 Shah but when a Persian army marched on
pdp0ndDtYGY-00174-00041141-00041362 the canulu Heartland Muhammad Assan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00175-00041363-00041627 kajar backed down only to be lifted back
pdp0ndDtYGY-00176-00041628-00041861 up and given the title of Baylor Bay of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00177-00041862-00042167 astrobat Baylor Bay roughly translates
pdp0ndDtYGY-00178-00042168-00042473 to commanders of commanders or generals
pdp0ndDtYGY-00179-00042474-00042749 of generals making Chief Muhammad Assan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00180-00042750-00042989 Khan kajar one of the most powerful men
pdp0ndDtYGY-00181-00042990-00043229 in the husk of an infighting Empire that
pdp0ndDtYGY-00182-00043230-00043462 was Iran the chief mirrored this in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00183-00043463-00043679 fighting by revolting against Shahrukh
pdp0ndDtYGY-00184-00043680-00043889 Shah in favor of a grandson of a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00185-00043890-00044185 previous safavid Dynasty ruler suimon II
pdp0ndDtYGY-00186-00044186-00044495 Chief Mohammed Hassan Khan kajar had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00187-00044496-00044627 previously been a supporter of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00188-00044628-00044873 safavid dynasty so it made sense for him
pdp0ndDtYGY-00189-00044874-00045112 to turn code against shahruk but it's
pdp0ndDtYGY-00190-00045113-00045305 also very possible that he did this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00191-00045306-00045485 solely for personal gain
pdp0ndDtYGY-00192-00045486-00045755 no matter the case suimon II would be
pdp0ndDtYGY-00193-00045756-00045989 enthroned after blinding the 15 year old
pdp0ndDtYGY-00194-00045990-00046108 shahruk
pdp0ndDtYGY-00195-00046109-00046396 then in under a month suim on II was in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00196-00046397-00046685 turn deposed and blinded himself with
pdp0ndDtYGY-00197-00046686-00046877 the now blind shahruk being allowed to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00198-00046878-00047002 once again rule
pdp0ndDtYGY-00199-00047003-00047262 and with him was the last asthmatic
pdp0ndDtYGY-00200-00047263-00047524 hyperventilating breath of the safavid
pdp0ndDtYGY-00201-00047525-00047824 dynasty usually rulers were blinded so
pdp0ndDtYGY-00202-00047825-00047968 that they could be too incompetent to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00203-00047969-00048227 roll but shahruk was already incompetent
pdp0ndDtYGY-00204-00048228-00048424 so nothing much really changed for him
pdp0ndDtYGY-00205-00048425-00048737 Mohammed Hassan Khan kajar tired of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00206-00048738-00048923 constant Persian coups and subsequent
pdp0ndDtYGY-00207-00048924-00049157 leadership changes then declared his own
pdp0ndDtYGY-00208-00049158-00049367 independence with astrobat being named
pdp0ndDtYGY-00209-00049368-00049480 as his capital
pdp0ndDtYGY-00210-00049481-00049739 the true fracturing of Iran was now
pdp0ndDtYGY-00211-00049740-00049985 underway as Shahrukh only controlled a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00212-00049986-00050183 small territory around his capital in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00213-00050184-00050465 the south in the west allurist and clan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00214-00050466-00050729 leader named Kareem Khan zand conquered
pdp0ndDtYGY-00215-00050730-00050939 much of Western Iran and started his own
pdp0ndDtYGY-00216-00050940-00051196 Dynasty to oppose Shah Rooks calling
pdp0ndDtYGY-00217-00051197-00051419 themselves the kingdom of zand to make
pdp0ndDtYGY-00218-00051420-00051611 matters even worse an invasion from
pdp0ndDtYGY-00219-00051612-00051808 Afghanistan started when Ahmad Shah
pdp0ndDtYGY-00220-00051809-00052054 durani invaded Northern and Eastern Iran
pdp0ndDtYGY-00221-00052055-00052349 in late 1750. this Invasion would be
pdp0ndDtYGY-00222-00052350-00052504 carried out on much of the kojar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00223-00052505-00052715 controlled portion of Iran Chief
pdp0ndDtYGY-00224-00052716-00052913 Mohammed Hassan would march to meet this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00225-00052914-00053080 Invasion the fighting would be
pdp0ndDtYGY-00226-00053082-00053350 inconclusive but Ahmad Shah durani
pdp0ndDtYGY-00227-00053351-00053603 luckily left in under a year allowing
pdp0ndDtYGY-00228-00053604-00053759 for the expansion of the kojar power
pdp0ndDtYGY-00229-00053760-00054100 base around the Caspian Sea from 1751 to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00230-00054101-00054425 1757 Chief Mohammed Hassan took land
pdp0ndDtYGY-00231-00054426-00054682 around the southern Caspian Sea notably
pdp0ndDtYGY-00232-00054683-00054947 the provinces of bypass and mizandaran
pdp0ndDtYGY-00233-00054948-00055216 these two provinces on top of being some
pdp0ndDtYGY-00234-00055217-00055432 of the richest in Iran were also some of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00235-00055433-00055666 the best defense ended these Coastal
pdp0ndDtYGY-00236-00055667-00055841 valleys were overlooked and protected by
pdp0ndDtYGY-00237-00055841-00056015 fan lengths of mountain peaks of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00238-00056016-00056237 Unbreaking Zagros Mountain chain the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00239-00056238-00056416 KOJA Chief continued pushing West along
pdp0ndDtYGY-00240-00056417-00056638 the Caspian Sea and even pushed South
pdp0ndDtYGY-00241-00056639-00056866 into the Zagros themselves Chief
pdp0ndDtYGY-00242-00056867-00057041 Mohammed Hassan's gains would be
pdp0ndDtYGY-00243-00057041-00057269 challenged by the Khan of Tabriz Azad
pdp0ndDtYGY-00244-00057270-00057599 Khan Afghan of pashtune descent this Con
pdp0ndDtYGY-00245-00057600-00057742 controlled much of what his modern day
pdp0ndDtYGY-00246-00057744-00058025 Azerbaijan from his Capital at to Breeze
pdp0ndDtYGY-00247-00058026-00058403 in 1757 the Khan had organized started
pdp0ndDtYGY-00248-00058404-00058654 and failed in his invasion of kojar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00249-00058655-00058823 controlled territories along the Caspian
pdp0ndDtYGY-00250-00058824-00059171 Sea Azad Khan in his typical fashion had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00251-00059172-00059476 severely miscalculated his foe in that
pdp0ndDtYGY-00252-00059477-00059729 same year the kojar chieftain struck
pdp0ndDtYGY-00253-00059729-00059980 back and in a flurry of sieges he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00254-00059982-00060149 managed to take the incredibly important
pdp0ndDtYGY-00255-00060150-00060371 city of ishafan which had been the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00256-00060372-00060616 capital of many Persian Empires the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00257-00060617-00060773 chief was gaining quite the reputation
pdp0ndDtYGY-00258-00060774-00061085 even among his enemies as azad's capital
pdp0ndDtYGY-00259-00061086-00061288 would fall to Chief Mohammed Assad
pdp0ndDtYGY-00260-00061289-00061565 without even a fight Azad Khan having
pdp0ndDtYGY-00261-00061566-00061787 overplayed his hand decided to go for an
pdp0ndDtYGY-00262-00061788-00062015 easier Target King Heracles the second
pdp0ndDtYGY-00263-00062016-00062230 of cartilage here he would overplay his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00264-00062232-00062465 hand again and this georgian-born king
pdp0ndDtYGY-00265-00062466-00062650 who will soon become a central player in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00266-00062651-00062938 the story killed as odd Khan with his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00267-00062939-00063100 role now sir planted in much of modern
pdp0ndDtYGY-00268-00063101-00063430 day Azerbaijan Chief Muhammad Assan gave
pdp0ndDtYGY-00269-00063432-00063599 the governorship of this land to his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00270-00063600-00063916 eldest son AGA Muhammad Khan kajar here
pdp0ndDtYGY-00271-00063917-00064054 AGA Muhammad would learn how to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00272-00064055-00064282 administer and govern at the young age
pdp0ndDtYGY-00273-00064283-00064571 of 15. this was done not because Agar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00274-00064572-00064775 was the oldest no that no longer
pdp0ndDtYGY-00275-00064776-00065003 mattered after his castration Instead
pdp0ndDtYGY-00276-00065004-00065182 This was done so that AGA could learn
pdp0ndDtYGY-00277-00065183-00065380 how to administer a province for one of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00278-00065382-00065567 his many younger brothers that would one
pdp0ndDtYGY-00279-00065568-00065782 day succeed his father in August place
pdp0ndDtYGY-00280-00065783-00066049 the inevitable succession would come
pdp0ndDtYGY-00281-00066050-00066359 unexpectedly Muhammad Hassan Khan kajar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00282-00066360-00066629 started his last campaign this time
pdp0ndDtYGY-00283-00066630-00066803 striking deep into Zan Dynasty
pdp0ndDtYGY-00284-00066804-00067049 controlled Western Iran after an initial
pdp0ndDtYGY-00285-00067050-00067271 push it looked like the kojar could win
pdp0ndDtYGY-00286-00067272-00067529 but eventually he would be pushed all
pdp0ndDtYGY-00287-00067530-00067841 the way back to the Caspian Sea here he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00288-00067842-00068093 was killed in battle by a rival kojar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00289-00068094-00068387 clan leader in 1759 the tribe that had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00290-00068388-00068603 betrayed August father was the davulu
pdp0ndDtYGY-00291-00068604-00068825 kojar clan who had long been the Rival
pdp0ndDtYGY-00292-00068826-00069059 of the kinulu upon the death of Chief
pdp0ndDtYGY-00293-00069060-00069299 Mohammed Hassan Khan kajar a new leader
pdp0ndDtYGY-00294-00069300-00069479 of the canuloo tribe would need to be
pdp0ndDtYGY-00295-00069480-00069773 selected AGA Muhammad Khan for an
pdp0ndDtYGY-00296-00069774-00069959 obvious reason was skipped over in the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00297-00069960-00070091 line of succession
pdp0ndDtYGY-00298-00070092-00070306 and even his next oldest brother was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00299-00070307-00070493 skipped over in favor of one of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00300-00070494-00070726 youngest of their big brood Hussein Kali
pdp0ndDtYGY-00301-00070727-00071063 Khan kajar was then selected by vote to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00302-00071064-00071297 represent the kinulu the supremacy of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00303-00071298-00071573 the canoodle Clan seemed over as the Zan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00304-00071574-00071843 Dynasty Khan took over asterbad and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00305-00071844-00072065 appointed a davulu tribe member as the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00306-00072066-00072244 governor of the city after all these
pdp0ndDtYGY-00307-00072245-00072491 conquests the canululu clan were back to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00308-00072492-00072713 square one making their homes on the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00309-00072714-00072971 Caspian step while hiding from a Persian
pdp0ndDtYGY-00310-00072972-00073271 ruler for the rest of 1759 and for a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00311-00073272-00073517 majority of 1760 the canulu preferred to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00312-00073518-00073726 lay low gathering strength and plotting
pdp0ndDtYGY-00313-00073727-00073871 on how they were going to recapture
pdp0ndDtYGY-00314-00073872-00074206 astrobat in late 1760 the canoley would
pdp0ndDtYGY-00315-00074207-00074429 return from their self-imposed Exile at
pdp0ndDtYGY-00316-00074430-00074681 the gates of astrobat Chief Hussein
pdp0ndDtYGY-00317-00074682-00074950 agha's brother ordered for a sack and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00318-00074951-00075100 looting of the houses outside of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00319-00075101-00075329 astrobat this raid was carried out with
pdp0ndDtYGY-00320-00075330-00075575 punitive success until the devulu
pdp0ndDtYGY-00321-00075576-00075779 governor of the city opened his Gates
pdp0ndDtYGY-00322-00075780-00076013 and started to chase off the canulu
pdp0ndDtYGY-00323-00076014-00076276 Warriors both AGA and Hussein had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00324-00076277-00076415 thought that the vulu chief would give
pdp0ndDtYGY-00325-00076416-00076619 up in his chase after the canulu Were
pdp0ndDtYGY-00326-00076620-00076829 Far Enough from the city this assumption
pdp0ndDtYGY-00327-00076830-00077050 would prove to undermine all of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00328-00077051-00077338 success of their raid the davulu chief
pdp0ndDtYGY-00329-00077339-00077537 chased the canuloo for a week day and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00330-00077538-00077747 night and all the way to the city of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00331-00077748-00077987 Ashraf nearly 40 miles away from
pdp0ndDtYGY-00332-00077988-00078112 astrobat
pdp0ndDtYGY-00333-00078113-00078341 with nowhere left to hide agar Muhammad
pdp0ndDtYGY-00334-00078342-00078556 Khan gave himself up to his divulu rival
pdp0ndDtYGY-00335-00078557-00078779 who immediately sent him to Kareem Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00336-00078780-00079006 zand in terrain AGA may have given
pdp0ndDtYGY-00337-00079007-00079235 himself up but he also enabled for The
pdp0ndDtYGY-00338-00079236-00079444 Escape of his little brothers Chief
pdp0ndDtYGY-00339-00079445-00079691 among them being Hussein who continued
pdp0ndDtYGY-00340-00079692-00079931 his flight in terrain AGA and Kareem
pdp0ndDtYGY-00341-00079932-00080206 Khan zand enter negotiations if you want
pdp0ndDtYGY-00342-00080207-00080387 to call it that the deal presented to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00343-00080388-00080603 AGA in regards to his canulu clan and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00344-00080604-00080956 brothers was you make them surrender and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00345-00080957-00081106 I treat you and them with kindness and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00346-00081107-00081503 fairness or I kill all of you ago was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00347-00081504-00081623 then returned to his running brothers
pdp0ndDtYGY-00348-00081624-00081881 and tribesmen telling them that this was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00349-00081882-00082006 the best deal that they were gonna get
pdp0ndDtYGY-00350-00082007-00082288 and to surrender after a while the words
pdp0ndDtYGY-00351-00082289-00082523 as they had made sense to AGA started to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00352-00082524-00082703 make sense to Hussein who gave himself
pdp0ndDtYGY-00353-00082704-00083135 up in early 1763. Hussein AGA and the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00354-00083136-00083344 other Seven Brothers surrendered and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00355-00083345-00083555 were sent to the zand capital of Shiraz
pdp0ndDtYGY-00356-00083556-00083753 here they were treated like Royal guests
pdp0ndDtYGY-00357-00083754-00083903 instead of prisoners
pdp0ndDtYGY-00358-00083904-00084071 two of the brothers were ordered to be
pdp0ndDtYGY-00359-00084072-00084353 sent to astrobat Chief Hussein was sent
pdp0ndDtYGY-00360-00084354-00084556 back to the outskirts of astrobat just
pdp0ndDtYGY-00361-00084557-00084725 south of the city and in the city of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00362-00084726-00085123 damgam AGA Muhammad Khan would as always
pdp0ndDtYGY-00363-00085124-00085319 received the worst of the punishment
pdp0ndDtYGY-00364-00085320-00085553 luckily for him no more of his body
pdp0ndDtYGY-00365-00085554-00085756 parts would be taken away but he was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00366-00085757-00086050 forced to stay as an honorary guest in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00367-00086051-00086231 the Palace of Kareem kanzan for the next
pdp0ndDtYGY-00368-00086232-00086591 16 years along with fath Ali the son of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00369-00086592-00086849 Hussein Kali Khan kajar during this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00370-00086850-00087137 Royal captivity ago was never mistreated
pdp0ndDtYGY-00371-00087138-00087341 and was actually sought after by Kareem
pdp0ndDtYGY-00372-00087342-00087521 Khan for his value political and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00373-00087522-00087737 economic advice now he was really
pdp0ndDtYGY-00374-00087738-00087875 starting to seem like any other court
pdp0ndDtYGY-00375-00087876-00088103 eunuch when he was not offering tutelage
pdp0ndDtYGY-00376-00088104-00088282 to the zand who would probably be found
pdp0ndDtYGY-00377-00088283-00088499 hunting in the Royal Woods just on the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00378-00088500-00088649 outskirts of Shiraz
pdp0ndDtYGY-00379-00088650-00088894 years would pass and ago would continue
pdp0ndDtYGY-00380-00088895-00089141 his stay at the Royals and Court his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00381-00089142-00089332 notoriously good behavior even earned
pdp0ndDtYGY-00382-00089333-00089494 his brother the governorship of damgam
pdp0ndDtYGY-00383-00089495-00089747 city in 1769 when the previous governor
pdp0ndDtYGY-00384-00089748-00089861 passed away
pdp0ndDtYGY-00385-00089862-00090076 slowly but surely through their good
pdp0ndDtYGY-00386-00090077-00090293 behavior the kinulu tribe was starting
pdp0ndDtYGY-00387-00090294-00090538 to regain a foothold albeit a small one
pdp0ndDtYGY-00388-00090539-00090725 over Iran
pdp0ndDtYGY-00389-00090726-00090971 Hussein still filled with a zealous
pdp0ndDtYGY-00390-00090972-00091271 desire for Revenge immediately used his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00391-00091272-00091475 new power base to wage a bloody war
pdp0ndDtYGY-00392-00091476-00091643 against the davulu tribe that had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00393-00091644-00091865 betrayed his father for the next eight
pdp0ndDtYGY-00394-00091866-00092105 years Chief Hussein would continue in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00395-00092106-00092273 his nomadic Guerilla tactics at the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00396-00092274-00092512 canuloo were more than used to by now
pdp0ndDtYGY-00397-00092513-00092788 eventually this Vengeance seeking would
pdp0ndDtYGY-00398-00092789-00093071 catch up with Hussein in 1777 when he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00399-00093072-00093353 was defeated and killed in battle by a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00400-00093354-00093706 rival kojar Clan tribe all the while AGA
pdp0ndDtYGY-00401-00093707-00093899 Muhammad Khan was forced to sit in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00402-00093900-00094187 Kareem Khan's Palace and wait while his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00403-00094188-00094481 men hunted down his little brother with
pdp0ndDtYGY-00404-00094482-00094649 no one but scared or hostage Brothers
pdp0ndDtYGY-00405-00094650-00094888 left it appeared that the canulu branch
pdp0ndDtYGY-00406-00094889-00095188 of the kojar tribe was dead as no new
pdp0ndDtYGY-00407-00095189-00095423 Chieftain was selected probably due to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00408-00095424-00095615 fear of death
pdp0ndDtYGY-00409-00095616-00095932 but death would also be the only savior
pdp0ndDtYGY-00410-00095933-00096287 of the kanulu tribe on March 1st of 1779
pdp0ndDtYGY-00411-00096288-00096556 Kareem Khan zand would pass away in his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00412-00096557-00096773 Palace after a six-month battle with
pdp0ndDtYGY-00413-00096774-00096929 tuberculosis
pdp0ndDtYGY-00414-00096930-00097126 during the final months of Kareem Khan's
pdp0ndDtYGY-00415-00097127-00097349 life when it was clear that he would
pdp0ndDtYGY-00416-00097350-00097625 likely die AGA hunted almost every day
pdp0ndDtYGY-00417-00097626-00097841 and even went on multiple day-long
pdp0ndDtYGY-00418-00097842-00098050 hunting trips he was attempting to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00419-00098051-00098194 distance himself from the capitol
pdp0ndDtYGY-00420-00098195-00098503 because he knew when Kareem kanzan died
pdp0ndDtYGY-00421-00098504-00098794 Iran would immediately erupt into
pdp0ndDtYGY-00422-00098795-00099082 warring factions as it had post-natter
pdp0ndDtYGY-00423-00099083-00099203 Shah
pdp0ndDtYGY-00424-00099204-00099400 agar did not learn of Kareem Khan's
pdp0ndDtYGY-00425-00099401-00099593 demise until the following morning but
pdp0ndDtYGY-00426-00099594-00099803 his action would be decisive and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00427-00099804-00100018 seemingly premeditative
pdp0ndDtYGY-00428-00100019-00100217 agar had gained the trust of those who
pdp0ndDtYGY-00429-00100218-00100391 went on the hunting Excursion along with
pdp0ndDtYGY-00430-00100392-00100600 him and when Kareem's death was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00431-00100601-00100979 announced AGA fath Ali and a few of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00432-00100980-00101147 men who were supposed to be keeping him
pdp0ndDtYGY-00433-00101148-00101435 under watch galloped away and escaped
pdp0ndDtYGY-00434-00101436-00101843 from Shiraz after 16 years AGA kajar had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00435-00101844-00102131 finally escaped and good thing he did
pdp0ndDtYGY-00436-00102132-00102388 because if he had not then it probably
pdp0ndDtYGY-00437-00102389-00102665 would have been his end before Kareem's
pdp0ndDtYGY-00438-00102666-00102899 corpse was even cold his sons were
pdp0ndDtYGY-00439-00102900-00103054 already fighting over who would succeed
pdp0ndDtYGY-00440-00103055-00103277 their father and just like when Nader
pdp0ndDtYGY-00441-00103278-00103553 Shah died a palace murder spree was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00442-00103554-00103751 carried out that included much of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00443-00103752-00103978 zand royal family and other notable
pdp0ndDtYGY-00444-00103979-00104236 officials butaga always a shrewd
pdp0ndDtYGY-00445-00104238-00104471 Diplomat saw the way that the wind would
pdp0ndDtYGY-00446-00104472-00104704 blow and he knew that it would topple
pdp0ndDtYGY-00447-00104705-00104933 him the only sensible place to go after
pdp0ndDtYGY-00448-00104933-00105275 16 years away is back home and that is
pdp0ndDtYGY-00449-00105276-00105521 exactly the path AGA took making his way
pdp0ndDtYGY-00450-00105522-00105731 towards the Caspian Sea and into the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00451-00105732-00105971 heartland of the chiefless canuloo tribe
pdp0ndDtYGY-00452-00105972-00106157 OG knew that there was only a short
pdp0ndDtYGY-00453-00106158-00106384 window to act on Kareem Khan's death so
pdp0ndDtYGY-00454-00106385-00106589 he moved to unify the kojar tribe as his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00455-00106590-00106745 father once had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00456-00106746-00106978 this would of course mean that ago is
pdp0ndDtYGY-00457-00106979-00107225 now one of two contestants for the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00458-00107226-00107525 position of canulu tribe Chieftain the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00459-00107526-00107707 other would be his half-brother
pdp0ndDtYGY-00460-00107708-00107933 mortezakuli who was supported by another
pdp0ndDtYGY-00461-00107933-00108215 brother named rezakuli as the eldest
pdp0ndDtYGY-00462-00108216-00108431 brother AGA was torn up by this inner
pdp0ndDtYGY-00463-00108432-00108725 Family Feud so his first step on the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00464-00108726-00108916 long journey back home would be to visit
pdp0ndDtYGY-00465-00108917-00109271 his father he had of course died but his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00466-00109272-00109504 skull had been preserved and kept on
pdp0ndDtYGY-00467-00109505-00109684 display at a temple in the city of Rey
pdp0ndDtYGY-00468-00109685-00109907 while his father could no longer talk
pdp0ndDtYGY-00469-00109908-00110321 his skull spoke volumes to Aga
pdp0ndDtYGY-00470-00110322-00110560 the downfall of his father occurred when
pdp0ndDtYGY-00471-00110561-00110771 the devulu branch of the kojars betrayed
pdp0ndDtYGY-00472-00110772-00111052 him in favor of Zant roll to reinstate
pdp0ndDtYGY-00473-00111053-00111215 the dominance that his father had once
pdp0ndDtYGY-00474-00111216-00111395 enjoyed he would need to make it a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00475-00111396-00111604 priority to mend the relations of all
pdp0ndDtYGY-00476-00111605-00111845 the Rival kojar tribes this he did
pdp0ndDtYGY-00477-00111846-00112066 choosing to forgive the devilu tribe
pdp0ndDtYGY-00478-00112067-00112277 welcoming many of them to his growing
pdp0ndDtYGY-00479-00112278-00112397 Army
pdp0ndDtYGY-00480-00112398-00112697 this Army now left Rey and marched north
pdp0ndDtYGY-00481-00112698-00112858 crossing the treacherous sagros
pdp0ndDtYGY-00482-00112859-00113021 mountains and invaded the province of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00483-00113022-00113266 mizandaran his rival half-brothers moved
pdp0ndDtYGY-00484-00113267-00113471 to meetaga but were defeated after a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00485-00113472-00113627 short and decisive battle
pdp0ndDtYGY-00486-00113628-00113831 this would prompt August two brothers to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00487-00113832-00114077 hide behind the walls of astrobat the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00488-00114078-00114208 cultural Heartland of not just the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00489-00114209-00114443 canuloo tribe but also the davulu tribe
pdp0ndDtYGY-00490-00114444-00114604 whose influence had grown over the city
pdp0ndDtYGY-00491-00114605-00114904 in the past 20 years in fact morteza and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00492-00114905-00115193 Reza's mother was a davulu herself how
pdp0ndDtYGY-00493-00115194-00115451 could AGA unify the kojar and bury the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00494-00115452-00115666 hatchet between the canulu and the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00495-00115667-00115877 devilu tribes with two rival
pdp0ndDtYGY-00496-00115878-00116152 half-brothers not willing to give up and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00497-00116153-00116327 not willing to let the tribal rivalry
pdp0ndDtYGY-00498-00116328-00116663 Fade Into Unity as it once had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00499-00116664-00116843 this question would need to be pushed
pdp0ndDtYGY-00500-00116844-00117058 aside as a generational conflict would
pdp0ndDtYGY-00501-00117059-00117328 be reignited after some serious dynastic
pdp0ndDtYGY-00502-00117329-00117581 cleansing lizanne finally found a stable
pdp0ndDtYGY-00503-00117582-00117833 con that ruled for more than a year
pdp0ndDtYGY-00504-00117833-00118066 this doesn't sound very stable Until you
pdp0ndDtYGY-00505-00118067-00118216 realize that the previous three zand
pdp0ndDtYGY-00506-00118217-00118510 rulers only ran for a total of five
pdp0ndDtYGY-00507-00118511-00118852 months this news and con was Sadiq
pdp0ndDtYGY-00508-00118853-00119123 kanzand and he intended to re-establish
pdp0ndDtYGY-00509-00119124-00119363 control over the rebellious kojar he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00510-00119364-00119675 sent his nephew Ali murad's and with an
pdp0ndDtYGY-00511-00119676-00119789 army North
pdp0ndDtYGY-00512-00119790-00119969 he was joined by the other half of this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00513-00119970-00120275 generational conflict Muhammad Khan son
pdp0ndDtYGY-00514-00120276-00120586 of Azad Khan Afghan agar would use this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00515-00120588-00120707 as a Proving Ground from one of his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00516-00120708-00121031 loyal Brothers Jafar Kali Khan kajar as
pdp0ndDtYGY-00517-00121032-00121223 well as his nephew through the deceased
pdp0ndDtYGY-00518-00121224-00121486 Hussein fath Ali together these men
pdp0ndDtYGY-00519-00121488-00121739 contested and beat back The Invasion
pdp0ndDtYGY-00520-00121740-00121949 surprisingly the Army tucked their tails
pdp0ndDtYGY-00521-00121950-00122177 and ran back across the Zagros Mountains
pdp0ndDtYGY-00522-00122178-00122369 the zand Army could have continued this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00523-00122370-00122645 campaign but that's just the thing this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00524-00122646-00122831 was the Zan commanded Army after the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00525-00122832-00123143 death of Kareem konzan so of course Ali
pdp0ndDtYGY-00526-00123144-00123347 muradzand was only returning to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00527-00123348-00123569 overthrow his uncle and replace him as
pdp0ndDtYGY-00528-00123570-00123808 Khan which he easily did for the time
pdp0ndDtYGY-00529-00123809-00123989 being Focus could be shifted back to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00530-00123990-00124234 kojar unification and consolidation over
pdp0ndDtYGY-00531-00124235-00124481 the mizandaran province AGA had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00532-00124482-00124625 temporarily set up his base of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00533-00124626-00124871 operations at the city of Babar August
pdp0ndDtYGY-00534-00124872-00125057 II davulu brothers did not remain
pdp0ndDtYGY-00535-00125058-00125260 completely stagnant while one of them
pdp0ndDtYGY-00536-00125261-00125495 didn't at least Reza Coley the younger
pdp0ndDtYGY-00537-00125496-00125740 of the two gathered an army and marched
pdp0ndDtYGY-00538-00125741-00125921 West Within intentions of confronting
pdp0ndDtYGY-00539-00125922-00126136 and hopefully defeating AGA and his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00540-00126138-00126358 kojar faction he had been defeated once
pdp0ndDtYGY-00541-00126359-00126628 already so this time he would refuse to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00542-00126629-00126869 play fair Reza sneakily marched to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00543-00126870-00127066 Bubble where he ordered his army to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00544-00127067-00127325 attack the city and to find his brothers
pdp0ndDtYGY-00545-00127326-00127493 they surrounded August's house in the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00546-00127494-00127697 city and for the third time in his life
pdp0ndDtYGY-00547-00127698-00127901 the eunuch was taken captive by his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00548-00127902-00128128 enemy soon enough the other rival
pdp0ndDtYGY-00549-00128129-00128434 brother morteza also showed up but
pdp0ndDtYGY-00550-00128435-00128566 instead of gawking at their older
pdp0ndDtYGY-00551-00128567-00128758 brother they entered into negotiations
pdp0ndDtYGY-00552-00128759-00128993 all three of these brothers ultimately
pdp0ndDtYGY-00553-00128994-00129145 wanted the same three things
pdp0ndDtYGY-00554-00129146-00129395 independence from zand roll a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00555-00129396-00129664 reunification of the kojar clan and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00556-00129665-00130060 finally an end to this family feud AGA
pdp0ndDtYGY-00557-00130061-00130193 used as courtly Manor that he had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00558-00130194-00130390 perfected as a captive under cream con
pdp0ndDtYGY-00559-00130391-00130613 zand to turn Reza against his full
pdp0ndDtYGY-00560-00130614-00130966 brother morteza in early 1781. morteza
pdp0ndDtYGY-00561-00130967-00131183 was then ran out of town by the rest of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00562-00131184-00131363 his brothers for the next 20 years
pdp0ndDtYGY-00563-00131364-00131621 morteza would reside in Russia trying to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00564-00131622-00131783 gain Military Support to depose his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00565-00131784-00131963 eunuch brother this would be all but
pdp0ndDtYGY-00566-00131964-00132233 ignored by Russia however with Reza and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00567-00132234-00132466 agar reaching some sort of deal Agar was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00568-00132467-00132604 released from his brother's captivity
pdp0ndDtYGY-00569-00132605-00132821 once again weaseling his way out of a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00570-00132822-00133043 hostage situation the deal made between
pdp0ndDtYGY-00571-00133044-00133240 the two was promptly thrown in the trash
pdp0ndDtYGY-00572-00133241-00133499 once Reza was out of aga's eyesight AGA
pdp0ndDtYGY-00573-00133500-00133721 then re-raised his army in March to meet
pdp0ndDtYGY-00574-00133722-00133925 Reza in a more fair Battlefield
pdp0ndDtYGY-00575-00133926-00134183 confrontation the military expertise of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00576-00134184-00134428 AGA would be displayed as he defeated
pdp0ndDtYGY-00577-00134429-00134807 Reza retook asterbad and finally became
pdp0ndDtYGY-00578-00134808-00135047 the Undisputed chief of a mostly unified
pdp0ndDtYGY-00579-00135048-00135323 kojar Clan all of his father's hard work
pdp0ndDtYGY-00580-00135324-00135761 had finally been restored by 1781.
pdp0ndDtYGY-00581-00135762-00135952 just as August seemed to have nominal
pdp0ndDtYGY-00582-00135953-00136216 control over the South Caspian Coast an
pdp0ndDtYGY-00583-00136217-00136493 old Persian enemy re-emerged Russia who
pdp0ndDtYGY-00584-00136494-00136673 had once annexed this Fairyland for a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00585-00136674-00136852 short time under SAR Peter the Great
pdp0ndDtYGY-00586-00136853-00137128 after the second russo-persian war but
pdp0ndDtYGY-00587-00137129-00137321 now they set their eyes back on this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00588-00137322-00137645 lucrative region
pdp0ndDtYGY-00589-00137646-00137783 you want to hear more about Russian
pdp0ndDtYGY-00590-00137784-00138040 meddling in this area of the world then
pdp0ndDtYGY-00591-00138041-00138178 I would consider checking out hikma
pdp0ndDtYGY-00592-00138179-00138413 history's video in the Murad Wars we
pdp0ndDtYGY-00593-00138414-00138545 made these two videos in collaboration
pdp0ndDtYGY-00594-00138546-00138773 with each other so I'll let him take it
pdp0ndDtYGY-00595-00138774-00139313 away to explain it further
pdp0ndDtYGY-00596-00139314-00139619 in 1780 a new admiral of the Russian
pdp0ndDtYGY-00597-00139620-00139840 Caspian Sea fleet was appointed by
pdp0ndDtYGY-00598-00139841-00140093 Zarina Catherine the gray
pdp0ndDtYGY-00599-00140094-00140357 his name was Admiral Marco Ivanovich
pdp0ndDtYGY-00600-00140358-00140597 voynevich and he intended to colonize
pdp0ndDtYGY-00601-00140598-00140801 the southern Caspian by setting up
pdp0ndDtYGY-00602-00140802-00141095 Russian trading ports along the sea
pdp0ndDtYGY-00603-00141096-00141311 the Admiral sought to make his first
pdp0ndDtYGY-00604-00141312-00141545 trading post along the coast near Amazon
pdp0ndDtYGY-00605-00141546-00141814 darani City he would of course need
pdp0ndDtYGY-00606-00141815-00142037 permission from the local kajar warlord
pdp0ndDtYGY-00607-00142038-00142463 Muhammad Khan the two would meet and ARA
pdp0ndDtYGY-00608-00142464-00142678 would wisely reject the Russian proposal
pdp0ndDtYGY-00609-00142679-00142949 the Russians would do nothing about this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00610-00142950-00143159 but they still had the only functional
pdp0ndDtYGY-00611-00143160-00143423 Navy in the Caspian Sea so Admiral
pdp0ndDtYGY-00612-00143424-00143645 voynevich decided to take matters into
pdp0ndDtYGY-00613-00143646-00143819 his own hands
pdp0ndDtYGY-00614-00143820-00144101 the Admiral took position of a sure Ada
pdp0ndDtYGY-00615-00144102-00144328 Island and started to build a trading
pdp0ndDtYGY-00616-00144329-00144647 for Honor this island was important due
pdp0ndDtYGY-00617-00144648-00144947 to its close proximity to asterbad
pdp0ndDtYGY-00618-00144948-00145204 its position also allowed for Russia to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00619-00145205-00145516 cut astrabad off from the Caspian Sea
pdp0ndDtYGY-00620-00145517-00145787 this was a violation of ARA's very clear
pdp0ndDtYGY-00621-00145788-00146069 demand to not build any forts in or near
pdp0ndDtYGY-00622-00146070-00146225 kajar lands
pdp0ndDtYGY-00623-00146226-00146459 but he could do nothing about it as he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00624-00146460-00146747 had no Navy and no hopes of raising one
pdp0ndDtYGY-00625-00146748-00146981 strong enough to defeat the Caspian Sea
pdp0ndDtYGY-00626-00146982-00147275 Fleet agar appeared to relent and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00627-00147276-00147485 allowed for this to happen
pdp0ndDtYGY-00628-00147486-00147671 to celebrate this new trading
pdp0ndDtYGY-00629-00147672-00147928 partnership the kajar chief invited
pdp0ndDtYGY-00630-00147929-00148163 Admiral voynevich to a grand feast in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00631-00148164-00148445 asterabad the Russians were treated with
pdp0ndDtYGY-00632-00148446-00148747 kindness and welcomed as friends
pdp0ndDtYGY-00633-00148748-00149057 signal the doors of the dining hall were
pdp0ndDtYGY-00634-00149058-00149266 closed and barred trapping the now
pdp0ndDtYGY-00635-00149267-00149513 hostage Russians inside
pdp0ndDtYGY-00636-00149514-00149795 they were only released after 18 days on
pdp0ndDtYGY-00637-00149796-00150107 January 13th of 1782 and only because
pdp0ndDtYGY-00638-00150108-00150359 the Admiral agreed to dismantle his four
pdp0ndDtYGY-00639-00150360-00150563 and leave ashur Ada to the local
pdp0ndDtYGY-00640-00150564-00150751 inhabitants
pdp0ndDtYGY-00641-00150752-00151001 if you guys want to know more about the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00642-00151002-00151204 Russian conquest of the caucus region
pdp0ndDtYGY-00643-00151205-00151390 check out the video I made as part of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00644-00151391-00151607 this collaboration on the early years of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00645-00151608-00152027 the mooded wars with Imperial Russia
pdp0ndDtYGY-00646-00152028-00152219 thanks ekma I really appreciate you
pdp0ndDtYGY-00647-00152220-00152399 doing this collaboration with me and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00648-00152400-00152525 make sure you go check out his channel
pdp0ndDtYGY-00649-00152526-00152704 And subscribe and check out that video
pdp0ndDtYGY-00650-00152705-00152873 in the Murad Wars
pdp0ndDtYGY-00651-00152874-00153113 anyways let's get back to the story at
pdp0ndDtYGY-00652-00153114-00153401 hand the Zan Dynasty through all of this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00653-00153402-00153545 was still planning on how they were
pdp0ndDtYGY-00654-00153546-00153785 going to defeat AGA and regain Northern
pdp0ndDtYGY-00655-00153786-00154078 Iran they sent armies more than yearly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00656-00154079-00154463 from 1780 to 1784 under Ali Murad Khan's
pdp0ndDtYGY-00657-00154464-00154709 and these would all be repulsed until
pdp0ndDtYGY-00658-00154710-00154949 Ali Murad frustrated by his failures
pdp0ndDtYGY-00659-00154950-00155266 sent his son Sheikh Vice kanzand and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00660-00155267-00155447 sixty thousand men North to finally
pdp0ndDtYGY-00661-00155448-00155681 subjugate the rebellious kojars this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00662-00155682-00155902 Force vastly outnumbered the kojars by
pdp0ndDtYGY-00663-00155903-00156137 more than three to one AGA had no choice
pdp0ndDtYGY-00664-00156138-00156466 but to retreat this zand Army swarmed
pdp0ndDtYGY-00665-00156467-00156664 over mizandaran securing most of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00666-00156665-00156875 province nearly without a fight ago
pdp0ndDtYGY-00667-00156876-00157133 withdrew all the way to astrobat and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00668-00157134-00157354 prepared for a long Siege azand
pdp0ndDtYGY-00669-00157355-00157613 Commander named Mohamed Zahir was then
pdp0ndDtYGY-00670-00157614-00157804 sent forward to contain and eventually
pdp0ndDtYGY-00671-00157805-00158075 capture AGA in astrobat when they
pdp0ndDtYGY-00672-00158076-00158273 arrived most of the surrounding land was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00673-00158274-00158573 scorched and seared into a Black Desert
pdp0ndDtYGY-00674-00158574-00158789 the 8 000 men under General Zahir
pdp0ndDtYGY-00675-00158790-00159040 attempted a Siege but were driven off by
pdp0ndDtYGY-00676-00159041-00159323 the constant sallying of aga's army but
pdp0ndDtYGY-00677-00159324-00159461 they weren't selling out to battle with
pdp0ndDtYGY-00678-00159462-00159766 sahir no instead they left the safety of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00679-00159767-00160013 asterbad to burn more of the land around
pdp0ndDtYGY-00680-00160014-00160252 them with no supplies the procedures
pdp0ndDtYGY-00681-00160253-00160433 were forced to retreat which they did in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00682-00160434-00160714 early November of 1784. this force was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00683-00160715-00160937 eventually ambushed by a kojar tribe and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00684-00160938-00161176 nearly annihilated to the last man with
pdp0ndDtYGY-00685-00161177-00161404 ten thousand dealt with and many more of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00686-00161405-00161561 the sixty thousand being held as
pdp0ndDtYGY-00687-00161562-00161819 garrisoned or in a Siege AGA stepped
pdp0ndDtYGY-00688-00161820-00162011 forward and out of astrobat to finally
pdp0ndDtYGY-00689-00162012-00162293 confront the sand Army the two armies
pdp0ndDtYGY-00690-00162294-00162478 would meet one another and the ensuing
pdp0ndDtYGY-00691-00162479-00162719 battle with siaga Muhammad Victorious
pdp0ndDtYGY-00692-00162720-00163001 and Sheikh Feist Khan on the Run
pdp0ndDtYGY-00693-00163002-00163240 Ali murad's and had thrown his biggest
pdp0ndDtYGY-00694-00163241-00163528 army at the kojar but they still held
pdp0ndDtYGY-00695-00163529-00163769 firm much to the frustration of the Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00696-00163770-00164069 so he did the only reasonable thing and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00697-00164070-00164297 sent another Army straight into the meat
pdp0ndDtYGY-00698-00164298-00164645 grinder that was AGA Muhammad Khan kajar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00699-00164646-00164885 this was the last capable Army of Ali
pdp0ndDtYGY-00700-00164886-00165161 Murad and it was easily defeated by Aga
pdp0ndDtYGY-00701-00165162-00165323 this left the Khan in a terribly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00702-00165324-00165575 weakened position the city of ishafan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00703-00165576-00165845 was now nearly left undefended this dire
pdp0ndDtYGY-00704-00165846-00166019 situation would be taken advantage of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00705-00166020-00166313 not by AGA but by the son of Sadiq
pdp0ndDtYGY-00706-00166314-00166528 kanzan jafarzand
pdp0ndDtYGY-00707-00166529-00166840 the Khan however was not an ishaphan but
pdp0ndDtYGY-00708-00166841-00166978 he immediately marched in that direction
pdp0ndDtYGY-00709-00166979-00167159 once he heard of the befitting Betrayal
pdp0ndDtYGY-00710-00167160-00167321 if the two would have met on the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00711-00167322-00167471 battlefield this could have been a great
pdp0ndDtYGY-00712-00167472-00167773 tale of Revenge but unfortunately and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00713-00167774-00168011 anti-climactically Ali Murad would die
pdp0ndDtYGY-00714-00168012-00168197 of an illness in a village a few miles
pdp0ndDtYGY-00715-00168198-00168419 away from ishaphan it is highly likely
pdp0ndDtYGY-00716-00168420-00168616 that the Khan was poisoned possibly by
pdp0ndDtYGY-00717-00168617-00168778 his own men who were tired of his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00718-00168779-00169039 military incompetence seven days later
pdp0ndDtYGY-00719-00169040-00169295 jafarzand would take ishafan and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00720-00169296-00169504 establish himself as the new zand Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00721-00169505-00169714 of Iran with the sand devolving into
pdp0ndDtYGY-00722-00169715-00170002 Civil War for the seventh time AGA kojar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00723-00170003-00170159 never went to miss an opportunity
pdp0ndDtYGY-00724-00170160-00170416 marched south crossing the Zagros
pdp0ndDtYGY-00725-00170417-00170626 Mountains and marched an army towards
pdp0ndDtYGY-00726-00170627-00170854 the city of Tehran the inhabitants and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00727-00170855-00171095 small Garrison inside chose not to back
pdp0ndDtYGY-00728-00171096-00171352 down they told AGA that they would only
pdp0ndDtYGY-00729-00171353-00171628 open the gate for the true ruler of Iran
pdp0ndDtYGY-00730-00171629-00171881 if this wasn't the goal of AGA kojar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00731-00171882-00172151 before then it certainly was now
pdp0ndDtYGY-00732-00172152-00172387 what's a rule I ran he hit a first
pdp0ndDtYGY-00733-00172388-00172714 overthrow Jafar Khan's and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00734-00172715-00172925 AGA then swung his army around and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00735-00172926-00173135 marched on ishaphan as his father once
pdp0ndDtYGY-00736-00173136-00173363 had and just like his father he captured
pdp0ndDtYGY-00737-00173364-00173602 the city but Jafar Khan Zan had already
pdp0ndDtYGY-00738-00173603-00173825 fled South leaving AGA to gain a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00739-00173826-00174035 hegemony over his City and most of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00740-00174036-00174275 northern half of Iran with the Zan city
pdp0ndDtYGY-00741-00174276-00174526 of ishafan under his control the gates
pdp0ndDtYGY-00742-00174527-00174731 of terrain opened themselves to what
pdp0ndDtYGY-00743-00174732-00175007 seemed to be the new ruler of Iran agar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00744-00175008-00175169 would then transfer his Capital to its
pdp0ndDtYGY-00745-00175170-00175414 Terrain in 1786. as they were the first
pdp0ndDtYGY-00746-00175415-00175666 of many cities to recognize him as the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00747-00175667-00175954 true ruler of all of Iran AGA continued
pdp0ndDtYGY-00748-00175955-00176147 campaigning in Northern Iran quickly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00749-00176148-00176357 gobbling up more territory at the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00750-00176358-00176638 expense and frustration of Jafar Khan's
pdp0ndDtYGY-00751-00176639-00176716 and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00752-00176717-00176878 while stagger was conducting this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00753-00176879-00177119 campaign Jafar was plotting for his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00754-00177120-00177449 return in 1786 Jafar marched on ishaphan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00755-00177450-00177731 retaking a city after nearly a year in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00756-00177732-00177947 the hands of his enemies AGA quickly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00757-00177948-00178114 returned and recaptured the city and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00758-00178115-00178354 sent jafar's and on the run back to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00759-00178355-00178601 Southern Iran but this time AGA Muhammad
pdp0ndDtYGY-00760-00178602-00178823 would pursue the Khan all the way to the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00761-00178824-00179104 city of Shiraz which was now Jafar Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00762-00179105-00179219 Zan's capital
pdp0ndDtYGY-00763-00179220-00179447 this city unlike the easily taken
pdp0ndDtYGY-00764-00179448-00179645 Northern ones was heavily defended by
pdp0ndDtYGY-00765-00179646-00179945 both men and a massive wall to Siege
pdp0ndDtYGY-00766-00179946-00180143 Shiraz would be a massive undertaking
pdp0ndDtYGY-00767-00180144-00180478 and one that AGA could not commit to is
pdp0ndDtYGY-00768-00180479-00180707 there was still easily grabbable land in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00769-00180708-00180971 Northern Iran and Western Iran
pdp0ndDtYGY-00770-00180972-00181114 agar returned to this Northern
pdp0ndDtYGY-00771-00181115-00181373 conquering spree and Jafar Khan returned
pdp0ndDtYGY-00772-00181374-00181607 to trying to take ishaphan for the third
pdp0ndDtYGY-00773-00181608-00181907 time Jafar Khan took a shafan and for
pdp0ndDtYGY-00774-00181908-00182164 the third time he was ran out of it by
pdp0ndDtYGY-00775-00182165-00182464 AGA kojar in late 1788
pdp0ndDtYGY-00776-00182465-00182704 the city of ishafan had just traded
pdp0ndDtYGY-00777-00182705-00183052 hands six times in the past four years
pdp0ndDtYGY-00778-00183053-00183287 no one in the city knew it but this was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00779-00183288-00183473 the last time that ishafan would trade
pdp0ndDtYGY-00780-00183474-00183688 hands in August lifetime
pdp0ndDtYGY-00781-00183689-00183923 when Jafar Khan returned to Shiraz from
pdp0ndDtYGY-00782-00183924-00184126 his failed campaign almost immediately
pdp0ndDtYGY-00783-00184127-00184375 he is poisoned by the son of Ali Murad
pdp0ndDtYGY-00784-00184376-00184726 Saeed Murad Khan who crowned himself as
pdp0ndDtYGY-00785-00184727-00185135 zand Khan on January 23rd of 1789 but
pdp0ndDtYGY-00786-00185136-00185416 not unopposed Loft Ali Khan the son of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00787-00185417-00185651 Jafar Khan also declared himself as Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00788-00185652-00185921 of Persia after a lengthy four-month
pdp0ndDtYGY-00789-00185922-00186185 Siege of Shiraz lafolly Khan executed
pdp0ndDtYGY-00790-00186186-00186401 the man that had killed his father and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00791-00186402-00186604 now established his control over the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00792-00186605-00186821 little land that the zhan dynasty still
pdp0ndDtYGY-00793-00186822-00187013 clutched onto
pdp0ndDtYGY-00794-00187014-00187204 seeing more dynastic struggle from the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00795-00187205-00187433 zand made agar realize the gravity of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00796-00187434-00187631 his position he now controlled more of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00797-00187632-00187888 Iran than even the sand perhaps it was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00798-00187889-00188188 time for this eunuch to create his own
pdp0ndDtYGY-00799-00188189-00188338 Dynasty
pdp0ndDtYGY-00800-00188339-00188585 he therefore enthroned himself as the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00801-00188586-00188909 Shah of Iran but notably did not Crown
pdp0ndDtYGY-00802-00188910-00189202 himself as Shahrukh Shah still held the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00803-00189203-00189316 crown
pdp0ndDtYGY-00804-00189317-00189538 but how does a eunuch with no children
pdp0ndDtYGY-00805-00189539-00189887 of his own even start a dynasty the ants
pdp0ndDtYGY-00806-00189888-00190026 arrested and his nine other
pdp0ndDtYGY-00807-00190027-00190247 non-castrated brothers and their
pdp0ndDtYGY-00808-00190248-00190385 children
pdp0ndDtYGY-00809-00190386-00190571 AGA had many brothers and nephews to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00810-00190572-00190804 pick through but ultimately he chose the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00811-00190805-00191063 son of the former kojar Chief Hassan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00812-00191064-00191207 Kali Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00813-00191208-00191543 his name was fathali the same fatherly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00814-00191544-00191861 who for 16 years was held hostage in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00815-00191862-00192149 Shiraz along with AGA Muhammad Khan
pdp0ndDtYGY-00816-00192150-00192445 now Agar was called by his regnal name
pdp0ndDtYGY-00817-00192446-00192838 AGA Muhammad Shah the kojar Dynasty now
pdp0ndDtYGY-00818-00192839-00193061 found themselves with only two Rivals of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00819-00193062-00193331 the Supreme control over Iran Loft Ali
pdp0ndDtYGY-00820-00193332-00193678 Khan's and Shahrukh Shah nadarsha's old
pdp0ndDtYGY-00821-00193679-00194087 and blind puppeted grandson Iran now had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00822-00194088-00194321 three dynasties ruling over it a country
pdp0ndDtYGY-00823-00194322-00194590 long separated must Unite
pdp0ndDtYGY-00824-00194591-00194873 still Resolute in ceaseless Warfare AGA
pdp0ndDtYGY-00825-00194874-00195083 Muhammad Shah marched on shirath to test
pdp0ndDtYGY-00826-00195084-00195293 the new Zan Khan and the walls of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00827-00195294-00195490 city that he had just besieged and taken
pdp0ndDtYGY-00828-00195491-00195761 Loft Ali Khan would march to meetaga and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00829-00195762-00195964 would fail August test his army would be
pdp0ndDtYGY-00830-00195965-00196163 defeated and he would run back to hide
pdp0ndDtYGY-00831-00196164-00196363 behind the still firm walls of Shiraz
pdp0ndDtYGY-00832-00196364-00196685 despite the walls passing August test he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00833-00196686-00196907 still put the city under siege however
pdp0ndDtYGY-00834-00196908-00197140 he would leave his men at The Siege to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00835-00197141-00197338 return to his capital of terrain
pdp0ndDtYGY-00836-00197339-00197585 his reason was to celebrate his first
pdp0ndDtYGY-00837-00197586-00197921 naurus or the Iranian new year as the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00838-00197922-00198154 enthroned shaw so after a quick party
pdp0ndDtYGY-00839-00198155-00198473 and a month-long break AGA and his army
pdp0ndDtYGY-00840-00198474-00198749 started a new campaign this time they
pdp0ndDtYGY-00841-00198750-00199073 set off for the city of bahaban here AGA
pdp0ndDtYGY-00842-00199074-00199193 gained the submission of the zand
pdp0ndDtYGY-00843-00199194-00199414 appointed Governor then he rejoined the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00844-00199415-00199697 siege of Shiraz which had so far been a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00845-00199698-00199907 stalemate seeing the futility of this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00846-00199908-00200171 attempt ago withdrew to Northern Iran to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00847-00200172-00200411 deal with a more domestic issue
pdp0ndDtYGY-00848-00200412-00200669 after watching his own family the zans
pdp0ndDtYGY-00849-00200670-00200921 and the descendants of NATO Shah tear
pdp0ndDtYGY-00850-00200922-00201190 each other apart over power and Rule AGA
pdp0ndDtYGY-00851-00201191-00201449 came to a very sad but very necessary
pdp0ndDtYGY-00852-00201450-00201749 conclusion to secure his nephew fat Ali
pdp0ndDtYGY-00853-00201750-00202007 is a next Shah of Iran AGA Muhammad Shah
pdp0ndDtYGY-00854-00202008-00202271 ordered for the execution of his own
pdp0ndDtYGY-00855-00202272-00202666 brother Jafar kojar who along with fath
pdp0ndDtYGY-00856-00202667-00202883 Ali and his brother had been at the site
pdp0ndDtYGY-00857-00202884-00203116 of AGA since his initial invasion of Ms
pdp0ndDtYGY-00858-00203117-00203476 andoran almost 11 years ago it's unknown
pdp0ndDtYGY-00859-00203477-00203735 if this was an act of paranoia or if it
pdp0ndDtYGY-00860-00203736-00203975 was a true threat but his Machiavelli
pdp0ndDtYGY-00861-00203976-00204311 once said the ends justify the means and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00862-00204312-00204526 the end result here would be a mostly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00863-00204527-00204778 smooth transition of rule from AGA to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00864-00204779-00205036 farthali ago is now in the north of his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00865-00205037-00205216 realm and just beyond the northern
pdp0ndDtYGY-00866-00205217-00205444 border was what some may call Easy
pdp0ndDtYGY-00867-00205446-00205673 pickings his attention would focus on
pdp0ndDtYGY-00868-00205673-00205888 what is now modern-day Azerbaijan and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00869-00205889-00206140 the western coast of the Caspian Sea in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00870-00206141-00206398 1791 following the western coast of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00871-00206400-00206681 Caspian AGA accepted the submission of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00872-00206682-00206951 local small conates and Sham calls who
pdp0ndDtYGY-00873-00206952-00207131 had no chance to defend themselves
pdp0ndDtYGY-00874-00207132-00207364 against kojar might that is until he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00875-00207365-00207592 reached the sarabh khane home of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00876-00207594-00207742 Kurdish people
pdp0ndDtYGY-00877-00207744-00208007 this khanate had sent somewhat frequent
pdp0ndDtYGY-00878-00208008-00208210 raiding parties into Northern Iran while
pdp0ndDtYGY-00879-00208211-00208481 AGA was on his near endless campaigns
pdp0ndDtYGY-00880-00208482-00208642 still he offered them a peaceful
pdp0ndDtYGY-00881-00208644-00208912 surrender but when they refused he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00882-00208913-00209140 repaid them for all of the rating plus
pdp0ndDtYGY-00883-00209141-00209248 some
pdp0ndDtYGY-00884-00209250-00209531 he completely laid ways to Curtis lands
pdp0ndDtYGY-00885-00209532-00209681 these Northern conquests were only
pdp0ndDtYGY-00886-00209682-00209903 ceased when agar reached the city of koi
pdp0ndDtYGY-00887-00209904-00210184 upon capturing the city he appointed a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00888-00210185-00210382 governor to consolidate what he had just
pdp0ndDtYGY-00889-00210383-00210575 taken and conquered
pdp0ndDtYGY-00890-00210576-00210755 AGA almost reached the Caucasus
pdp0ndDtYGY-00891-00210756-00210953 Mountains in this campaign and he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00892-00210954-00211229 probably would have if the Sands weren't
pdp0ndDtYGY-00893-00211230-00211391 up to their favorite pastime of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00894-00211392-00211703 besieging Isha fan this time the zand
pdp0ndDtYGY-00895-00211704-00211937 plan would backfire even more than usual
pdp0ndDtYGY-00896-00211938-00212296 to start Loft Ali Khan's on didn't even
pdp0ndDtYGY-00897-00212298-00212506 manage to capture the city and to make
pdp0ndDtYGY-00898-00212507-00212710 matters even worse two of his most
pdp0ndDtYGY-00899-00212711-00212969 esteemed generals flipped sides to join
pdp0ndDtYGY-00900-00212969-00213106 with the kojars
pdp0ndDtYGY-00901-00213107-00213305 these generals were the shirazi brothers
pdp0ndDtYGY-00902-00213306-00213484 and if you couldn't tell by their last
pdp0ndDtYGY-00903-00213485-00213706 name they hailed from the city of Shiraz
pdp0ndDtYGY-00904-00213707-00213917 the younger of these two brothers was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00905-00213917-00214163 the Royals and mayor of Shiraz and when
pdp0ndDtYGY-00906-00214164-00214384 Loft Ali Khan left he organized a coup
pdp0ndDtYGY-00907-00214385-00214715 in Shiraz to defect to Aga kojar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00908-00214716-00214913 after this he also convinced his brother
pdp0ndDtYGY-00909-00214914-00215153 to join in the defection along with ten
pdp0ndDtYGY-00910-00215154-00215344 thousand Zan soldiers under his General
pdp0ndDtYGY-00911-00215346-00215453 ship
pdp0ndDtYGY-00912-00215454-00215710 when laft Ali Khan arrived at his Safe
pdp0ndDtYGY-00913-00215711-00215939 Haven Fortress city of Shiraz he was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00914-00215940-00216239 denied entry and negotiation in a scene
pdp0ndDtYGY-00915-00216240-00216437 mimicking that of AGA kojarat's Reign
pdp0ndDtYGY-00916-00216438-00216617 just in reverse
pdp0ndDtYGY-00917-00216617-00216803 with AGA already marching South to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00918-00216804-00216982 accept the city that had been a thorn in
pdp0ndDtYGY-00919-00216983-00217223 his side for years Loft Ali Khan had no
pdp0ndDtYGY-00920-00217223-00217456 time to besiege Shiraz the only way to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00921-00217457-00217721 prevent kojar Sidra Shiraz now was to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00922-00217721-00217925 defeat AGA on the battlefield and force
pdp0ndDtYGY-00923-00217926-00218153 his army away from the city he had tried
pdp0ndDtYGY-00924-00218154-00218339 and utterly failed in his previous
pdp0ndDtYGY-00925-00218340-00218608 confrontations with the kojar Army this
pdp0ndDtYGY-00926-00218609-00218831 time he employed a strategy that relied
pdp0ndDtYGY-00927-00218832-00219101 purely on speed after all the time to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00928-00219102-00219317 march from Azerbaijan to Shiraz was the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00929-00219317-00219479 only thing preventing complete kojar
pdp0ndDtYGY-00930-00219480-00219694 control of the city Loft Dolly then
pdp0ndDtYGY-00931-00219696-00219856 gathered all available Horsemen and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00932-00219857-00220079 horses and marched North to meet his foe
pdp0ndDtYGY-00933-00220080-00220271 this outnumbered Blitzkrieg was not
pdp0ndDtYGY-00934-00220271-00220487 lacking in success they severely
pdp0ndDtYGY-00935-00220488-00220667 weakened the kojar Army using
pdp0ndDtYGY-00936-00220667-00220853 hit-and-run tactics but he couldn't
pdp0ndDtYGY-00937-00220854-00221044 manage to Route the Army as they slowly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00938-00221046-00221251 continued their push towards Shiraz
pdp0ndDtYGY-00939-00221252-00221484 eventually reaching the City by early
pdp0ndDtYGY-00940-00221485-00221825 1792. now Loft Ali Khan was truly on the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00941-00221826-00222065 run the walls of Shiraz that had long
pdp0ndDtYGY-00942-00222066-00222317 frustrated and previously imprisoned AGA
pdp0ndDtYGY-00943-00222317-00222556 kojar for 16 years were completely
pdp0ndDtYGY-00944-00222557-00222844 destroyed so that no future Royal mare
pdp0ndDtYGY-00945-00222846-00223048 would rebel against kojar role to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00946-00223050-00223277 further prevent Rebellion AGA had 12 000
pdp0ndDtYGY-00947-00223278-00223481 shirazi families transported to his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00948-00223482-00223781 Northern more secure provinces AGA took
pdp0ndDtYGY-00949-00223782-00224008 his legitimacy to rule very seriously
pdp0ndDtYGY-00950-00224009-00224194 this can be seen many times throughout
pdp0ndDtYGY-00951-00224196-00224489 his role but in this particular case he
pdp0ndDtYGY-00952-00224490-00224705 had the Royals and Palace pillars and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00953-00224706-00224867 ornate doors transferred to his own
pdp0ndDtYGY-00954-00224867-00225082 Capital at terrain then on a much more
pdp0ndDtYGY-00955-00225083-00225346 creepier note he also had the body of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00956-00225348-00225606 his former captor Kareem konzand
pdp0ndDtYGY-00957-00225607-00225982 reburied in terrain Loft Ali moved West
pdp0ndDtYGY-00958-00225983-00226163 his Realms shrinking in the presence of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00959-00226164-00226360 the kojar chieftain he captured the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00960-00226361-00226601 Fortress city of kasrun but here he was
pdp0ndDtYGY-00961-00226602-00226792 a Sitting Duck only a few miles away
pdp0ndDtYGY-00962-00226794-00227032 from Shiraz but this was all part of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00963-00227033-00227273 plan now he had a stronghold near the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00964-00227273-00227465 capital that he could use to take Shiraz
pdp0ndDtYGY-00965-00227466-00227710 for the second time in his young life
pdp0ndDtYGY-00966-00227711-00227969 agar returned North and in his absence
pdp0ndDtYGY-00967-00227969-00228203 he started the siege but was met by the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00968-00228204-00228394 KOJA Army commanded by his formerly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00969-00228396-00228742 loyal mayor Ibrahim shirazi a
pdp0ndDtYGY-00970-00228744-00228946 battle ensued and the Zan looked as if
pdp0ndDtYGY-00971-00228948-00229139 they would lose until the young and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00972-00229140-00229325 brave Loft Dolly personally joined the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00973-00229326-00229577 battle and inspired his men to a victory
pdp0ndDtYGY-00974-00229578-00229834 a kojar reinforcement of 7 000 Cavalry
pdp0ndDtYGY-00975-00229835-00230044 was then sent to combat Loft Dolly's
pdp0ndDtYGY-00976-00230046-00230255 Cavalry Force they joined with the rest
pdp0ndDtYGY-00977-00230256-00230501 of Mayor ibrahim's Force then he marched
pdp0ndDtYGY-00978-00230502-00230746 out of Shiraz to again face his former
pdp0ndDtYGY-00979-00230748-00230855 Overlord
pdp0ndDtYGY-00980-00230856-00231191 the result was another zand Victory the
pdp0ndDtYGY-00981-00231192-00231473 now worriedaga marched South towards
pdp0ndDtYGY-00982-00231473-00231779 Shiraz to defend his newly gained City
pdp0ndDtYGY-00983-00231780-00232006 on the night of June 5th the suddenly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00984-00232007-00232325 heroic Loft Ali Khan devised a plan to
pdp0ndDtYGY-00985-00232326-00232589 surprise the kojar camp when night fell
pdp0ndDtYGY-00986-00232590-00232871 so did Loft Dolly's Calvary he quickly
pdp0ndDtYGY-00987-00232871-00233098 routed their force and left as soon as
pdp0ndDtYGY-00988-00233100-00233303 he came sensing this Victory and
pdp0ndDtYGY-00989-00233304-00233501 confident in the kojar retreat he did
pdp0ndDtYGY-00990-00233502-00233698 not pursue the enemy Army instead
pdp0ndDtYGY-00991-00233700-00233884 deciding to camp and rest his army
pdp0ndDtYGY-00992-00233885-00234167 nearby when he awoke his dream of
pdp0ndDtYGY-00993-00234167-00234442 Victory had turned once again into his
pdp0ndDtYGY-00994-00234444-00234713 living nightmare as the KOJA Army had
pdp0ndDtYGY-00995-00234714-00234946 regathered their senses and remade their
pdp0ndDtYGY-00996-00234948-00235121 campsite
pdp0ndDtYGY-00997-00235121-00235415 seeing this the dismayed Loft had no
pdp0ndDtYGY-00998-00235416-00235577 choice but to flee eastwards toward
pdp0ndDtYGY-00999-00235578-00235805 korosan here he besieged and took a few
pdp0ndDtYGY-01000-00235806-00236032 Forts and regained a small power base in
pdp0ndDtYGY-01001-00236033-00236260 the area with Kerman being at the center
pdp0ndDtYGY-01002-00236261-00236471 of this last-ditch effort
pdp0ndDtYGY-01003-00236471-00236651 AGA soon caught up with the energetic
pdp0ndDtYGY-01004-00236652-00236944 Loft Dolly and besieged him at Kerman
pdp0ndDtYGY-01005-00236946-00237244 after four months the city fell beloved
pdp0ndDtYGY-01006-00237246-00237460 Ali had already made his Escape
pdp0ndDtYGY-01007-00237461-00237677 in his place the populace of Kerman
pdp0ndDtYGY-01008-00237678-00237958 would suffer with twenty thousand women
pdp0ndDtYGY-01009-00237959-00238241 and children Enslaved the men on the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01010-00238242-00238421 other hand faced a far more direct set
pdp0ndDtYGY-01011-00238421-00238606 of punishments that consisted of
pdp0ndDtYGY-01012-00238607-00238948 blindings and led up by executions Loft
pdp0ndDtYGY-01013-00238950-00239165 Ali fled further east still to the city
pdp0ndDtYGY-01014-00239166-00239429 of bam where he was betrayed and handed
pdp0ndDtYGY-01015-00239430-00239698 over to AGA Muhammad Shah he was given
pdp0ndDtYGY-01016-00239700-00239867 similar treatment as the Kerman Citizens
pdp0ndDtYGY-01017-00239867-00240160 First being blinded then being executed
pdp0ndDtYGY-01018-00240161-00240521 in 1794. the Zan Dynasty that had
pdp0ndDtYGY-01019-00240521-00240701 established themselves in Western Iran
pdp0ndDtYGY-01020-00240702-00240971 only 40 years ago was now exterminated
pdp0ndDtYGY-01021-00240971-00241241 although more than anything they are
pdp0ndDtYGY-01022-00241242-00241451 responsible for their own downfall
pdp0ndDtYGY-01023-00241452-00241679 remember when I said King heraclius II
pdp0ndDtYGY-01024-00241680-00241877 of cartilage would become a central
pdp0ndDtYGY-01025-00241878-00242021 player in this story
pdp0ndDtYGY-01026-00242021-00242231 well here he is if you want to learn
pdp0ndDtYGY-01027-00242232-00242446 more about this king's long an exciting
pdp0ndDtYGY-01028-00242448-00242639 life feel free to check out this
pdp0ndDtYGY-01029-00242640-00242842 biography that I made on him linked
pdp0ndDtYGY-01030-00242844-00243208 right here anyways AGA kojar desired to
pdp0ndDtYGY-01031-00243209-00243413 vassalize cartilage Academy and secure
pdp0ndDtYGY-01032-00243414-00243592 his northern border with out of the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01033-00243594-00243815 Steep Caucasus Mountains he sent
pdp0ndDtYGY-01034-00243816-00244037 multiple offers to the 76 year old King
pdp0ndDtYGY-01035-00244038-00244282 demanding his submission the last of
pdp0ndDtYGY-01036-00244283-00244475 these ultimatums was sent in September
pdp0ndDtYGY-01037-00244476-00244865 of 1795 when his 40 000 strong Army was
pdp0ndDtYGY-01038-00244866-00245051 stationed on the Carly cacadian border
pdp0ndDtYGY-01039-00245052-00245465 Heracles II sent back no response this
pdp0ndDtYGY-01040-00245466-00245663 prompted an invasion and many Georgian
pdp0ndDtYGY-01041-00245664-00245873 cities fell to the kojars without even a
pdp0ndDtYGY-01042-00245873-00246131 fight until he reached the capital and
pdp0ndDtYGY-01043-00246132-00246455 Cultural Center of Georgia Tbilisi on
pdp0ndDtYGY-01044-00246456-00246719 the plains just outside the city a small
pdp0ndDtYGY-01045-00246719-00246989 5 000 Man force under King Heracles II
pdp0ndDtYGY-01046-00246990-00247289 and his immority ally and cousin King
pdp0ndDtYGY-01047-00247290-00247523 Solomon bhagrizioni took a defensive
pdp0ndDtYGY-01048-00247523-00247642 position
pdp0ndDtYGY-01049-00247644-00247973 the 76 year old King Heracles II was a
pdp0ndDtYGY-01050-00247973-00248177 huge fan of Western culture and
pdp0ndDtYGY-01051-00248178-00248387 especially Western military technology
pdp0ndDtYGY-01052-00248388-00248656 so this 5 000 Man force while
pdp0ndDtYGY-01053-00248657-00248908 outnumbered eight to one was far better
pdp0ndDtYGY-01054-00248909-00249155 equipped and trained compared to the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01055-00249156-00249371 Persian Force any chance of winning this
pdp0ndDtYGY-01056-00249371-00249605 battle would rest in Heracles II's
pdp0ndDtYGY-01057-00249606-00249851 cannons that would soon be put to Great
pdp0ndDtYGY-01058-00249852-00250127 use the battle for Tbilisi started on
pdp0ndDtYGY-01059-00250128-00250510 September 9th of 1796 with AGA kojar
pdp0ndDtYGY-01060-00250511-00250792 sending waves upon waves of his men
pdp0ndDtYGY-01061-00250794-00251003 against the heavily entrenched Georgians
pdp0ndDtYGY-01062-00251004-00251225 who beat back the forces each time with
pdp0ndDtYGY-01063-00251226-00251458 musket volleys and precise cannon fire
pdp0ndDtYGY-01064-00251459-00251687 this Valiant defense was repeated the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01065-00251688-00251927 next day much to August frustration
pdp0ndDtYGY-01066-00251928-00252184 so on the third day of September 11th
pdp0ndDtYGY-01067-00252185-00252455 AGA decided to channel this frustration
pdp0ndDtYGY-01068-00252456-00252694 into action he ordered his infantry
pdp0ndDtYGY-01069-00252696-00252941 forward and at the same time he took all
pdp0ndDtYGY-01070-00252942-00253144 of his Cavalry and personally LED them
pdp0ndDtYGY-01071-00253146-00253403 in a flanking maneuver Heracles II saw
pdp0ndDtYGY-01072-00253404-00253660 this and led his own small Calvary Force
pdp0ndDtYGY-01073-00253661-00253925 to cut off the Persians king would meet
pdp0ndDtYGY-01074-00253926-00254141 Shah as the Persian Calvary seemed to
pdp0ndDtYGY-01075-00254142-00254327 steamroll the small Georgian retinue
pdp0ndDtYGY-01076-00254328-00254603 aga's infantry and Cavalry pushed
pdp0ndDtYGY-01077-00254604-00254758 forward and straight into the Georgian
pdp0ndDtYGY-01078-00254759-00254969 infantry who fell back to protect their
pdp0ndDtYGY-01079-00254969-00255071 cannons
pdp0ndDtYGY-01080-00255071-00255292 King heraclius who was thought to be
pdp0ndDtYGY-01081-00255294-00255539 dead at this point emerged and led a
pdp0ndDtYGY-01082-00255540-00255706 defensive action to protect those
pdp0ndDtYGY-01083-00255707-00255946 cannons the battle was lost but the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01084-00255948-00256229 Georgians never gave up killing hundreds
pdp0ndDtYGY-01085-00256230-00256469 of advancing persons King heraclius
pdp0ndDtYGY-01086-00256469-00256751 consumed by Zeal and adrenaline had to
pdp0ndDtYGY-01087-00256752-00256955 be dragged away from the battlefield as
pdp0ndDtYGY-01088-00256956-00257219 the canineers stayed behind to cover his
pdp0ndDtYGY-01089-00257219-00257531 Retreat AGA had won but this was his
pdp0ndDtYGY-01090-00257532-00257830 most purific Victory the 5 000 Georgians
pdp0ndDtYGY-01091-00257831-00258101 managed to slay over 13 000 Iranians
pdp0ndDtYGY-01092-00258102-00258377 more than a fourth of August men he then
pdp0ndDtYGY-01093-00258378-00258623 took to Blissey and completely sacked
pdp0ndDtYGY-01094-00258623-00258844 the city killing all the men and taking
pdp0ndDtYGY-01095-00258846-00259144 15 000 children and women as slaves
pdp0ndDtYGY-01096-00259146-00259367 another legitimizing action for ago
pdp0ndDtYGY-01097-00259367-00259558 would take place on his return trip to
pdp0ndDtYGY-01098-00259559-00259817 terrain on the Mogan plane he formally
pdp0ndDtYGY-01099-00259817-00260063 had himself crowned as the Shah of all
pdp0ndDtYGY-01100-00260064-00260308 of Iran in the same place that Nader
pdp0ndDtYGY-01101-00260309-00260591 Shah had nearly 60 years ago this was
pdp0ndDtYGY-01102-00260592-00260825 clearly an act to defy Natasha's
pdp0ndDtYGY-01103-00260826-00261089 descendant who also claimed to be the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01104-00261090-00261348 Shah of Iran the 62 year old blind
pdp0ndDtYGY-01105-00261350-00261689 puppeted Shahrukh Shah AGA easily
pdp0ndDtYGY-01106-00261690-00261923 marched on his capital of mashad and
pdp0ndDtYGY-01107-00261923-00262180 took Camp outside the city before a
pdp0ndDtYGY-01108-00262181-00262427 Siege could even begin the blind shahruk
pdp0ndDtYGY-01109-00262428-00262655 was led out of the city to surrender to
pdp0ndDtYGY-01110-00262656-00262979 AGA kojar this was accepted and he once
pdp0ndDtYGY-01111-00262980-00263171 again peacefully occupied the city of
pdp0ndDtYGY-01112-00263172-00263260 arrival
pdp0ndDtYGY-01113-00263261-00263506 upon entering he ordered for the body of
pdp0ndDtYGY-01114-00263507-00263765 Nader Shah to be reburied at terrain to
pdp0ndDtYGY-01115-00263766-00264010 join Kareem Khan's and now AGA had the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01116-00264011-00264191 two dead bodies of the two previous
pdp0ndDtYGY-01117-00264192-00264527 Dynasty Founders in his own Capital thus
pdp0ndDtYGY-01118-00264528-00264767 nearly fully legitimizing his own kojar
pdp0ndDtYGY-01119-00264768-00264899 Dynasty
pdp0ndDtYGY-01120-00264900-00265151 the full legitimization would only take
pdp0ndDtYGY-01121-00265152-00265415 place upon aga's own death as he would
pdp0ndDtYGY-01122-00265416-00265589 be buried next to these two great
pdp0ndDtYGY-01123-00265590-00265829 conquerors the polite play that AGA had
pdp0ndDtYGY-01124-00265830-00266063 put on to take shahruk City would come
pdp0ndDtYGY-01125-00266064-00266351 to an abrupt halt AGA asked for all of
pdp0ndDtYGY-01126-00266352-00266567 The Treasure of Nader Shah and when he
pdp0ndDtYGY-01127-00266568-00266789 felt that he had been cheated he
pdp0ndDtYGY-01128-00266790-00267101 personally led the torture of shahruk
pdp0ndDtYGY-01129-00267102-00267371 in a show of extreme cruelty that can
pdp0ndDtYGY-01130-00267372-00267580 only be explained by revenge for his own
pdp0ndDtYGY-01131-00267581-00267887 castration agar had a crown made of a
pdp0ndDtYGY-01132-00267888-00268156 glue-like substance placed on the other
pdp0ndDtYGY-01133-00268157-00268469 Shaw's head still he refused to tell AGA
pdp0ndDtYGY-01134-00268470-00268660 where the treasure was
pdp0ndDtYGY-01135-00268661-00268906 he then poured molten lead into the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01136-00268907-00269177 crown and directly onto shahruk's
pdp0ndDtYGY-01137-00269178-00269356 exposed scalp
pdp0ndDtYGY-01138-00269357-00269675 shahruk somehow survived this but failed
pdp0ndDtYGY-01139-00269676-00269867 to heal from this alternative method of
pdp0ndDtYGY-01140-00269868-00270125 scalping dying a few days later at the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01141-00270126-00270443 age of 62. now the afshard joined the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01142-00270444-00270797 Zan Dynasty in utter Extinction again
pdp0ndDtYGY-01143-00270798-00271060 mostly at their own hands
pdp0ndDtYGY-01144-00271061-00271384 the kojar dynasty was now the last man
pdp0ndDtYGY-01145-00271385-00271703 standing the undisputable king of kings
pdp0ndDtYGY-01146-00271704-00271865 of Iran
pdp0ndDtYGY-01147-00271866-00272063 during the subjugation of shahruk's
pdp0ndDtYGY-01148-00272064-00272339 territory King Heracles II had struck
pdp0ndDtYGY-01149-00272340-00272555 back with help from his Russian Ally
pdp0ndDtYGY-01150-00272556-00272705 whom he had promised to become the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01151-00272706-00272897 vassal of if they helped him to
pdp0ndDtYGY-01152-00272898-00273113 reconquer Cartley kiketi
pdp0ndDtYGY-01153-00273114-00273455 in the summer of 1797 AGA would go on
pdp0ndDtYGY-01154-00273456-00273713 its final campaign once again against
pdp0ndDtYGY-01155-00273714-00274187 the now 77 year old King Heracles II
pdp0ndDtYGY-01156-00274188-00274432 one night while ago was trying to sleep
pdp0ndDtYGY-01157-00274433-00274660 he was interrupted by the arguing of two
pdp0ndDtYGY-01158-00274661-00274901 nearby servants he would unreasonably
pdp0ndDtYGY-01159-00274902-00275177 condemn these two men to death but June
pdp0ndDtYGY-01160-00275178-00275458 6 was a holy day so he postponed this
pdp0ndDtYGY-01161-00275459-00275723 execution until the following day
pdp0ndDtYGY-01162-00275724-00275956 the two servants with nothing left but
pdp0ndDtYGY-01163-00275957-00276208 one night of life chose revenge over
pdp0ndDtYGY-01164-00276209-00276473 acceptance they snuck into AGA Muhammad
pdp0ndDtYGY-01165-00276474-00276682 Shah's tent along with another servant
pdp0ndDtYGY-01166-00276683-00276953 and stabbed him to death in his sleep
pdp0ndDtYGY-01167-00276954-00277289 fitting end to a cruel monarch
pdp0ndDtYGY-01168-00277290-00277565 AGA Muhammad Khan kajar from the very
pdp0ndDtYGY-01169-00277566-00277799 start of his life was shown the cruelty
pdp0ndDtYGY-01170-00277800-00278051 of dynastic Warfare his own castration
pdp0ndDtYGY-01171-00278052-00278327 and 16-year imprisonment made him a
pdp0ndDtYGY-01172-00278328-00278632 political and Military machine he
pdp0ndDtYGY-01173-00278633-00278849 completed his own father's work in much
pdp0ndDtYGY-01174-00278850-00279017 much more
pdp0ndDtYGY-01175-00279018-00279310 his fate may have just been Destiny as
pdp0ndDtYGY-01176-00279311-00279532 he was born on the Ides of March the
pdp0ndDtYGY-01177-00279533-00279719 same day that Julius Caesar was
pdp0ndDtYGY-01178-00279720-00279893 assassinated in Rome
pdp0ndDtYGY-01179-00279894-00280108 and that my friends is how a eunuch
pdp0ndDtYGY-01180-00280109-00280408 founded his own Dynasty again I want to
pdp0ndDtYGY-01181-00280409-00280541 give a huge shout out to Hickman history
pdp0ndDtYGY-01182-00280542-00280810 make sure you go check out his video on
pdp0ndDtYGY-01183-00280811-00280973 the Murad Wars in collaboration with
pdp0ndDtYGY-01184-00280974-00281216 this video
pdXJ32VLOOM-00000-00000000-00000157 hey guys welcome back at the clutch down
pdXJ32VLOOM-00001-00000158-00000524 under so i've been using giants wizards
pdXJ32VLOOM-00002-00000525-00000853 and Valkyries with spells to do farming
pdXJ32VLOOM-00003-00000855-00001235 a town or 11 and it is very effective so
pdXJ32VLOOM-00004-00001236-00001364 i thought i'd go through a couple of
pdXJ32VLOOM-00005-00001365-00001655 replays it's a couple of drives down to
pdXJ32VLOOM-00006-00001655-00001834 this track to get your Wizards into
pdXJ32VLOOM-00007-00001835-00002204 helped funnel Valkyries attend to
pdXJ32VLOOM-00008-00002205-00002456 earthquake in the call and range the
pdXJ32VLOOM-00009-00002457-00002687 Giants through the outer walls the
pdXJ32VLOOM-00010-00002688-00002870 Valkyrie still get through the walls of
pdXJ32VLOOM-00011-00002871-00003149 the world they get stuck this place has
pdXJ32VLOOM-00012-00003150-00003454 over a million looped on now up into
pdXJ32VLOOM-00013-00003454-00003803 champions 3 using this not really
pdXJ32VLOOM-00014-00003804-00004259 pushing after Luke mainly using this
pdXJ32VLOOM-00015-00004260-00004565 strategy over the last four days I've
pdXJ32VLOOM-00016-00004566-00005056 done my second intro no to max which is
pdXJ32VLOOM-00017-00005057-00005315 at the end of the video I've got a bomb
pdXJ32VLOOM-00018-00005316-00005581 tower going to level three which is
pdXJ32VLOOM-00019-00005582-00005877 another five million clones fell
pdXJ32VLOOM-00020-00005878-00006418 climbing licks basically everything else
pdXJ32VLOOM-00021-00006419-00006745 is on home to the update drops and see
pdXJ32VLOOM-00022-00006747-00006914 what prices are on things after the
pdXJ32VLOOM-00023-00006915-00007256 update so we'll look at one more and go
pdXJ32VLOOM-00024-00007256-00007577 through how I'm using it it's very
pdXJ32VLOOM-00025-00007578-00007727 effective understands you can use it
pdXJ32VLOOM-00026-00007728-00007895 without all your heroes so this one I've
pdXJ32VLOOM-00027-00007895-00008162 just got my clean so it's quake into the
pdXJ32VLOOM-00028-00008163-00008413 core dry and standard extract with
pdXJ32VLOOM-00029-00008414-00008669 Wizards to take you out structures on
pdXJ32VLOOM-00030-00008670-00008974 the outside rest of the Giants down
pdXJ32VLOOM-00031-00008975-00009410 range of spell Valkyries venue CC we
pdXJ32VLOOM-00032-00009411-00009771 talked about Max lizards in heroes
pdXJ32VLOOM-00033-00009772-00010189 Savior Hill here we need to rage
pdXJ32VLOOM-00034-00010190-00010610 everybody up freeze eagle artillery if
pdXJ32VLOOM-00035-00010611-00010821 it's a town hall all of them and
pdXJ32VLOOM-00036-00010822-00011084 hopefully get the Eagle artillery in an
pdXJ32VLOOM-00037-00011085-00011291 inferno depending on their placement and
pdXJ32VLOOM-00038-00011292-00011638 then just go around and take all the
pdXJ32VLOOM-00039-00011639-00011942 loop and 3 starring a lot of people I
pdXJ32VLOOM-00040-00011943-00012356 haven't lost yet the disk method and as
pdXJ32VLOOM-00041-00012357-00012835 I said your trainer is going to level
pdXJ32VLOOM-00042-00012836-00013196 going to max a level for this is
pdXJ32VLOOM-00043-00013197-00013460 Ferno here show you the 10 million gold
pdXJ32VLOOM-00044-00013461-00013787 that i braid it up and that will be down
pdXJ32VLOOM-00045-00013788-00014272 for 14 days so please like subscribe and
pdXJ32VLOOM-00046-00014274-00014543 leave a comment and let me know if you
pdXJ32VLOOM-00047-00014544-00014741 are using something different to farm
pdXJ32VLOOM-00048-00014741-00015166 with and I'll give it a go thanks bye
pemNGDD-UjE-00000-00000053-00000299 the chronology of the universe describes
pemNGDD-UjE-00001-00000300-00000491 the history and future of the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00002-00000492-00000715 according to Big Bang cosmology the
pemNGDD-UjE-00003-00000716-00000952 earliest stages of the universe's
pemNGDD-UjE-00004-00000953-00001174 existence are estimated as taking place
pemNGDD-UjE-00005-00001175-00001421 13.8 billion years ago with an
pemNGDD-UjE-00006-00001422-00001657 uncertainty of around 21 million years
pemNGDD-UjE-00007-00001659-00001835 at the sixty-eight percent confidence
pemNGDD-UjE-00008-00001836-00002372 level
pemNGDD-UjE-00009-00002373-00003017 topic outline for the purposes of this
pemNGDD-UjE-00010-00003018-00003215 summary it is convenient to divide the
pemNGDD-UjE-00011-00003215-00003386 chronology of the universe since it
pemNGDD-UjE-00012-00003386-00003644 originated into five parts it is
pemNGDD-UjE-00013-00003645-00003836 generally considered meaningless or
pemNGDD-UjE-00014-00003836-00004052 unclear whether time existed before this
pemNGDD-UjE-00015-00004053-00004409 chronology one the very early universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00016-00004410-00004745 the first picosecond 10-12 of cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00017-00004746-00005021 time it includes the Planck epoch during
pemNGDD-UjE-00018-00005022-00005197 which currently understood laws of
pemNGDD-UjE-00019-00005198-00005408 physics may not apply the emergence in
pemNGDD-UjE-00020-00005409-00005600 stages of the four known fundamental
pemNGDD-UjE-00021-00005601-00005846 interactions or forces first gravity and
pemNGDD-UjE-00022-00005847-00006083 later the strong weak in electromagnetic
pemNGDD-UjE-00023-00006084-00006284 interactions and the expansion of space
pemNGDD-UjE-00024-00006285-00006479 and super cooling of the still immensely
pemNGDD-UjE-00025-00006480-00006695 hot universe due to cosmic inflation
pemNGDD-UjE-00026-00006695-00006851 which is believed to have been triggered
pemNGDD-UjE-00027-00006852-00007040 by the separation of the strong and
pemNGDD-UjE-00028-00007041-00007262 electroweak interaction tiny ripples in
pemNGDD-UjE-00029-00007263-00007423 the universe at this stage are believed
pemNGDD-UjE-00030-00007425-00007546 to be the basis of large-scale
pemNGDD-UjE-00031-00007547-00007731 structures that formed much later
pemNGDD-UjE-00032-00007733-00007988 different stages of the very early
pemNGDD-UjE-00033-00007989-00008153 universe are understood to different
pemNGDD-UjE-00034-00008154-00008429 extents the earlier parts are beyond the
pemNGDD-UjE-00035-00008430-00008618 grasp of practical experiments in
pemNGDD-UjE-00036-00008619-00008807 particle physics but can be explored
pemNGDD-UjE-00037-00008808-00009068 through other means point to the early
pemNGDD-UjE-00038-00009069-00009395 universe lasting around 377 thousand
pemNGDD-UjE-00039-00009396-00009652 years initially various kinds of
pemNGDD-UjE-00040-00009653-00009887 subatomic particles are formed in stages
pemNGDD-UjE-00041-00009888-00010133 these particles include almost equal
pemNGDD-UjE-00042-00010134-00010346 amounts of matter and antimatter so most
pemNGDD-UjE-00043-00010347-00010535 of it quickly annihilates leaving a
pemNGDD-UjE-00044-00010536-00010696 small excess of matter in the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00045-00010697-00010966 at about one second neutrinos decouple
pemNGDD-UjE-00046-00010967-00011210 these neutrinos form the cosmic neutrino
pemNGDD-UjE-00047-00011211-00011483 background if primordial black holes
pemNGDD-UjE-00048-00011484-00011702 exist they are also formed at about one
pemNGDD-UjE-00049-00011703-00011969 second of cosmic time composite
pemNGDD-UjE-00050-00011970-00012158 subatomic particles emerge including
pemNGDD-UjE-00051-00012159-00012401 protons and neutrons and from about
pemNGDD-UjE-00052-00012402-00012569 three minutes conditions are suitable
pemNGDD-UjE-00053-00012570-00012893 for nucleosynthesis around 25% of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00054-00012894-00013105 protons and all the neutrons fuse into
pemNGDD-UjE-00055-00013106-00013382 heavier elements mainly helium for by 20
pemNGDD-UjE-00056-00013383-00013574 minutes the universe is no longer hot
pemNGDD-UjE-00057-00013575-00013780 enough for fusion but far too hot for
pemNGDD-UjE-00058-00013781-00014003 neutral atoms to exist or photons to
pemNGDD-UjE-00059-00014004-00014261 travel far it is therefore an opaque
pemNGDD-UjE-00060-00014262-00014566 plasma at around 47 thousand years as
pemNGDD-UjE-00061-00014568-00014801 the universe cools its behavior begins
pemNGDD-UjE-00062-00014802-00014993 to be dominated by matter rather than
pemNGDD-UjE-00063-00014994-00015217 radiation at about three hundred seventy
pemNGDD-UjE-00064-00015218-00015388 seven thousand years the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00065-00015390-00015583 finally becomes cool enough for neutral
pemNGDD-UjE-00066-00015584-00015716 atoms to form REE
pemNGDD-UjE-00067-00015716-00015935 combination and as a result it also
pemNGDD-UjE-00068-00015936-00016157 became transparent for the first time
pemNGDD-UjE-00069-00016158-00016469 the newly formed atoms mainly hydrogen
pemNGDD-UjE-00070-00016470-00016649 and helium with traces of lithium
pemNGDD-UjE-00071-00016650-00016822 quickly reached their lowest energy
pemNGDD-UjE-00072-00016823-00017033 state ground state by releasing photons
pemNGDD-UjE-00073-00017034-00017366 photon decoupling and these photons can
pemNGDD-UjE-00074-00017367-00017564 still be detected today as the Cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00075-00017565-00017879 Microwave Background CMB this is
pemNGDD-UjE-00076-00017880-00018086 currently the oldest observation we have
pemNGDD-UjE-00077-00018087-00018359 of the universe point three dark ages
pemNGDD-UjE-00078-00018360-00018613 and large-scale structure emergence from
pemNGDD-UjE-00079-00018614-00018893 377 thousand years until about 1 billion
pemNGDD-UjE-00080-00018894-00019196 year after recombination and decoupling
pemNGDD-UjE-00081-00019197-00019400 the universe was transparent but the
pemNGDD-UjE-00082-00019401-00019603 clouds of hydrogen only collapsed very
pemNGDD-UjE-00083-00019604-00019847 slowly to form stars and galaxies so
pemNGDD-UjE-00084-00019848-00020084 there were no new sources of light the
pemNGDD-UjE-00085-00020085-00020350 only photons electromagnetic radiation
pemNGDD-UjE-00086-00020351-00020621 or light in the universe were those
pemNGDD-UjE-00087-00020622-00020813 released during decoupling visible today
pemNGDD-UjE-00088-00020814-00021044 as the Cosmic Microwave Background and
pemNGDD-UjE-00089-00021045-00021269 21 centimeters radio emissions
pemNGDD-UjE-00090-00021270-00021475 occasionally emitted by hydrogen atoms
pemNGDD-UjE-00091-00021476-00021740 the decoupled photons would have filled
pemNGDD-UjE-00092-00021741-00021896 the universe with a brilliant pale
pemNGDD-UjE-00093-00021897-00022022 orange glow at first
pemNGDD-UjE-00094-00022023-00022219 gradually red shifting to non visible
pemNGDD-UjE-00095-00022220-00022384 wavelengths after about three million
pemNGDD-UjE-00096-00022385-00022583 years leaving it without visible light
pemNGDD-UjE-00097-00022584-00022847 this period is known as the dark ages
pemNGDD-UjE-00098-00022848-00023122 between about 10 and 17 million years
pemNGDD-UjE-00099-00023123-00023336 the universe's average temperature was
pemNGDD-UjE-00100-00023337-00023803 suitable for liquid water 273 373 K and
pemNGDD-UjE-00101-00023804-00023990 there has been speculation whether rocky
pemNGDD-UjE-00102-00023991-00024197 planets or indeed life could have arisen
pemNGDD-UjE-00103-00024198-00024449 briefly since statistically a tiny part
pemNGDD-UjE-00104-00024450-00024611 of the universe could have had different
pemNGDD-UjE-00105-00024612-00024772 conditions from the rest and gained
pemNGDD-UjE-00106-00024773-00024925 warmth from the universe as a whole
pemNGDD-UjE-00107-00024926-00025300 at some point around 400 to 700 million
pemNGDD-UjE-00108-00025301-00025528 years the earliest generations of stars
pemNGDD-UjE-00109-00025529-00025727 and galaxies form and early large
pemNGDD-UjE-00110-00025727-00025939 structures gradually emerged drawn to
pemNGDD-UjE-00111-00025941-00026119 the foam like dark matter filaments
pemNGDD-UjE-00112-00026120-00026255 which have already begun to draw
pemNGDD-UjE-00113-00026256-00026477 together throughout the universe the
pemNGDD-UjE-00114-00026477-00026689 earliest generations of stars have not
pemNGDD-UjE-00115-00026691-00026918 yet been observed astronomically they
pemNGDD-UjE-00116-00026919-00027115 may have been huge and nonmetallic with
pemNGDD-UjE-00117-00027116-00027311 very short lifetimes compared to most
pemNGDD-UjE-00118-00027312-00027433 stars we see today
pemNGDD-UjE-00119-00027435-00027611 so they commonly finished burning their
pemNGDD-UjE-00120-00027612-00027836 hydrogen fuel and explode as supernovae
pemNGDD-UjE-00121-00027837-00028070 after mere millions of years other
pemNGDD-UjE-00122-00028070-00028232 theories suggest that they may have
pemNGDD-UjE-00123-00028233-00028475 included small stars some perhaps still
pemNGDD-UjE-00124-00028476-00028765 burning today in either case these early
pemNGDD-UjE-00125-00028766-00028990 generations of supernovae created most
pemNGDD-UjE-00126-00028991-00029102 of the everyday
pemNGDD-UjE-00127-00029102-00029300 we see around us today and seeded the
pemNGDD-UjE-00128-00029301-00029507 universe with them galaxy clusters and
pemNGDD-UjE-00129-00029508-00029792 superclusters emerge over time at some
pemNGDD-UjE-00130-00029793-00029975 point high-energy photons from the
pemNGDD-UjE-00131-00029976-00030202 earliest stars dwarf galaxies and
pemNGDD-UjE-00132-00030204-00030410 perhaps quasars led to a period of
pemNGDD-UjE-00133-00030411-00030689 rihanna's ation the universe gradually
pemNGDD-UjE-00134-00030689-00030857 transitioned into the universe we see
pemNGDD-UjE-00135-00030858-00031073 around us today and the dark ages only
pemNGDD-UjE-00136-00031074-00031286 fully came to an end at about 1 billion
pemNGDD-UjE-00137-00031287-00031544 year point for the universe as it
pemNGDD-UjE-00138-00031545-00031802 appears today from 1 billion year and
pemNGDD-UjE-00139-00031802-00032051 for about 12.8 billions of years the
pemNGDD-UjE-00140-00032052-00032204 universe has looked much as it does
pemNGDD-UjE-00141-00032205-00032468 today it will continue to appear very
pemNGDD-UjE-00142-00032469-00032672 similar for many billions of years into
pemNGDD-UjE-00143-00032673-00032906 the future the thin disc of our galaxy
pemNGDD-UjE-00144-00032907-00033179 began to form at about 5 billion years
pemNGDD-UjE-00145-00033180-00033491 8.8 Bien years ago and the solar system
pemNGDD-UjE-00146-00033492-00033665 formed at about nine point two billion
pemNGDD-UjE-00147-00033666-00033959 years 4.6 Bien years ago with the
pemNGDD-UjE-00148-00033960-00034121 earliest traces of life on Earth
pemNGDD-UjE-00149-00034122-00034319 emerging by about ten point three
pemNGDD-UjE-00150-00034320-00034616 billion years 3.5 Bien years ago from
pemNGDD-UjE-00151-00034617-00034802 about nine point eight billion years of
pemNGDD-UjE-00152-00034803-00035027 cosmic time the slowing expansion of
pemNGDD-UjE-00153-00035028-00035210 space gradually begins to accelerate
pemNGDD-UjE-00154-00035211-00035432 under the influence of dark energy which
pemNGDD-UjE-00155-00035433-00035597 may be a scalar field throughout our
pemNGDD-UjE-00156-00035598-00035873 universe the present-day universe is
pemNGDD-UjE-00157-00035874-00036068 understood quite well but beyond about
pemNGDD-UjE-00158-00036069-00036329 100 billion years of cosmic time about
pemNGDD-UjE-00159-00036330-00036551 86 billion years in the future in
pemNGDD-UjE-00160-00036552-00036734 certainties in current knowledge mean
pemNGDD-UjE-00161-00036735-00036899 that we are less sure which path our
pemNGDD-UjE-00162-00036900-00037160 universe will take point 5 the far
pemNGDD-UjE-00163-00037161-00037361 future at some time the stelliferous era
pemNGDD-UjE-00164-00037362-00037580 will end as stars are no longer being
pemNGDD-UjE-00165-00037581-00037742 born and the expansion of the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00166-00037743-00037913 will mean that the observable universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00167-00037914-00038240 becomes limited to local galaxies there
pemNGDD-UjE-00168-00038241-00038444 are various scenarios for the far future
pemNGDD-UjE-00169-00038445-00038717 and ultimate fate of the universe more
pemNGDD-UjE-00170-00038718-00038912 exact knowledge of our current universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00171-00038913-00039601 will allow these to be better understood
pemNGDD-UjE-00172-00039602-00039987 topic a more detailed summary
pemNGDD-UjE-00173-00039988-00040198 you
pemNGDD-UjE-00174-00040199-00040441 earliest stages of chronology shown
pemNGDD-UjE-00175-00040442-00040663 below before neutrino decoupling are an
pemNGDD-UjE-00176-00040664-00040852 active area of research and based on
pemNGDD-UjE-00177-00040853-00041056 ideas which are still speculative and
pemNGDD-UjE-00178-00041057-00041278 subject to modification as scientific
pemNGDD-UjE-00179-00041279-00041647 knowledge improves time column is based
pemNGDD-UjE-00180-00041648-00041857 on extrapolation of observed metric
pemNGDD-UjE-00181-00041858-00042151 expansion of space back in the past for
pemNGDD-UjE-00182-00042152-00042349 the earliest stages of chronology this
pemNGDD-UjE-00183-00042350-00042610 extrapolation may be invalid to give one
pemNGDD-UjE-00184-00042611-00042826 example eternal inflation theories
pemNGDD-UjE-00185-00042827-00043021 proposed that inflation lasts forever
pemNGDD-UjE-00186-00043022-00043210 throughout most of the universe making
pemNGDD-UjE-00187-00043211-00043503 the notion of n seconds since Big Bang
pemNGDD-UjE-00188-00043504-00043843 ill-defined the radiation temperature
pemNGDD-UjE-00189-00043844-00044023 refers to the cosmic background
pemNGDD-UjE-00190-00044024-00044254 radiation and is given by two point
pemNGDD-UjE-00191-00044255-00044509 seven two five one plus Z where Z is the
pemNGDD-UjE-00192-00044510-00045073 redshift
pemNGDD-UjE-00193-00045074-00045643 topic very early universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00194-00045644-00045983 you
pemNGDD-UjE-00195-00045984-00046497 Topic Planck epoch
pemNGDD-UjE-00196-00046498-00046818 times shorter than 10 - 43 seconds
pemNGDD-UjE-00197-00046819-00047121 Planck time the Planck epoch is an era
pemNGDD-UjE-00198-00047122-00047361 in traditional non-inflationary Big Bang
pemNGDD-UjE-00199-00047362-00047574 cosmology immediately after the event
pemNGDD-UjE-00200-00047575-00047820 which began our known universe during
pemNGDD-UjE-00201-00047821-00048006 this epoch the temperature and average
pemNGDD-UjE-00202-00048007-00048216 energies within the universe were so
pemNGDD-UjE-00203-00048217-00048390 inconceivably high compared to any
pemNGDD-UjE-00204-00048391-00048597 temperature we can observe today that
pemNGDD-UjE-00205-00048598-00048810 everyday subatomic particles could not
pemNGDD-UjE-00206-00048811-00048996 form and even the four fundamental
pemNGDD-UjE-00207-00048997-00049190 forces that shape our universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00208-00049191-00049425 electromagnetism gravitation weak
pemNGDD-UjE-00209-00049426-00049647 nuclear interaction and strong nuclear
pemNGDD-UjE-00210-00049648-00049905 interaction were combined and formed one
pemNGDD-UjE-00211-00049906-00050130 fundamental force little is understood
pemNGDD-UjE-00212-00050131-00050319 about physics at this temperature
pemNGDD-UjE-00213-00050320-00050556 different hypotheses propose difference
pemNGDD-UjE-00214-00050557-00050834 in areas traditional Big Bang cosmology
pemNGDD-UjE-00215-00050835-00051063 predicts a gravitational singularity
pemNGDD-UjE-00216-00051064-00051305 before this time but this theory relies
pemNGDD-UjE-00217-00051307-00051432 on the theory of general relativity
pemNGDD-UjE-00218-00051433-00051651 which is thought to break down for this
pemNGDD-UjE-00219-00051652-00051890 epoch due to quantum effects in
pemNGDD-UjE-00220-00051891-00052170 inflationary models of cosmology times
pemNGDD-UjE-00221-00052171-00052430 before the end of inflation roughly 10 -
pemNGDD-UjE-00222-00052432-00052665 32 second after the Big Bang do not
pemNGDD-UjE-00223-00052666-00052827 follow the same timeline as in
pemNGDD-UjE-00224-00052828-00053127 traditional Big Bang cosmology models
pemNGDD-UjE-00225-00053128-00053298 that aim to describe the universe in
pemNGDD-UjE-00226-00053299-00053466 physics during the Planck epoch are
pemNGDD-UjE-00227-00053466-00053664 generally speculative and fall under the
pemNGDD-UjE-00228-00053665-00054009 umbrella of new physics examples include
pemNGDD-UjE-00229-00054010-00054219 the hartle-hawking initial state string
pemNGDD-UjE-00230-00054220-00054467 landscape string gas cosmology and the
pemNGDD-UjE-00231-00054469-00055069 egg periodic universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00232-00055070-00055649 topic grand unification epic
pemNGDD-UjE-00233-00055650-00055988 between 10 minus 43 seconds and 10 minus
pemNGDD-UjE-00234-00055989-00056329 36 seconds after the Big Bang as the
pemNGDD-UjE-00235-00056330-00056546 universe expanded and cooled it crossed
pemNGDD-UjE-00236-00056547-00056744 transition temperatures at which force
pemNGDD-UjE-00237-00056745-00057004 is separated from each other these phase
pemNGDD-UjE-00238-00057005-00057233 transitions can be visualized as similar
pemNGDD-UjE-00239-00057234-00057413 to condensation and freezing phase
pemNGDD-UjE-00240-00057414-00057671 transitions of ordinary matter at
pemNGDD-UjE-00241-00057672-00057872 certain temperatures energies water
pemNGDD-UjE-00242-00057873-00058042 molecules change their behavior and
pemNGDD-UjE-00243-00058044-00058187 structure and they will behave
pemNGDD-UjE-00244-00058188-00058427 completely differently like steam
pemNGDD-UjE-00245-00058428-00058640 turning to water the fields which define
pemNGDD-UjE-00246-00058641-00058853 our universes fundamental forces and
pemNGDD-UjE-00247-00058854-00059054 particles also completely change their
pemNGDD-UjE-00248-00059054-00059216 behaviors and structures when the
pemNGDD-UjE-00249-00059216-00059392 temperature energy falls below a certain
pemNGDD-UjE-00250-00059394-00059692 point this is not apparent in everyday
pemNGDD-UjE-00251-00059694-00059870 life because it only happens at much
pemNGDD-UjE-00252-00059871-00060067 much higher temperatures than we usually
pemNGDD-UjE-00253-00060069-00060383 see in our present universe these phase
pemNGDD-UjE-00254-00060384-00060580 transitions are believed to be caused by
pemNGDD-UjE-00255-00060582-00060778 a phenomenon of quantum fields called
pemNGDD-UjE-00256-00060779-00061065 symmetry breaking
pemNGDD-UjE-00257-00061066-00061292 in everyday terms as the universe cools
pemNGDD-UjE-00258-00061294-00061497 it becomes possible for the quantum
pemNGDD-UjE-00259-00061498-00061667 fields that create the forces and
pemNGDD-UjE-00260-00061669-00061854 particles around us to settle at lower
pemNGDD-UjE-00261-00061854-00062046 energy levels and with higher levels of
pemNGDD-UjE-00262-00062047-00062330 stability in doing so they completely
pemNGDD-UjE-00263-00062331-00062555 shift how they interact forces and
pemNGDD-UjE-00264-00062556-00062766 interactions arise due to these fields
pemNGDD-UjE-00265-00062766-00062918 so the universe can behave very
pemNGDD-UjE-00266-00062919-00063086 differently above and below a phase
pemNGDD-UjE-00267-00063087-00063396 transition for example in a later epoch
pemNGDD-UjE-00268-00063397-00063632 a side effect of one phase transition is
pemNGDD-UjE-00269-00063633-00063842 that suddenly many particles that had no
pemNGDD-UjE-00270-00063843-00064059 mass at all acquire a mass they begin to
pemNGDD-UjE-00271-00064060-00064244 interact with the Higgs boson and a
pemNGDD-UjE-00272-00064245-00064454 single force begins to manifest as two
pemNGDD-UjE-00273-00064455-00064740 separate forces the grand unification
pemNGDD-UjE-00274-00064741-00064994 epoch began with a phase transitions of
pemNGDD-UjE-00275-00064995-00065207 this kind when gravitation separated
pemNGDD-UjE-00276-00065208-00065404 from the universal combined gauge force
pemNGDD-UjE-00277-00065405-00065691 this caused two forces to now exist
pemNGDD-UjE-00278-00065692-00065859 gravity and an electro strong
pemNGDD-UjE-00279-00065860-00066086 interaction there is no hard evidence
pemNGDD-UjE-00280-00066087-00066332 yet that such a combined force existent
pemNGDD-UjE-00281-00066333-00066597 but many physicists believe it did the
pemNGDD-UjE-00282-00066598-00066747 physics of this electro strong
pemNGDD-UjE-00283-00066748-00066917 interaction would be described by a
pemNGDD-UjE-00284-00066918-00067254 so-called grand unified theory gut the
pemNGDD-UjE-00285-00067255-00067455 grand unification epoch ended with a
pemNGDD-UjE-00286-00067456-00067680 second phase transition as the electro
pemNGDD-UjE-00287-00067681-00067899 strong interaction in turn separated and
pemNGDD-UjE-00288-00067900-00068073 began to manifest as two separate
pemNGDD-UjE-00289-00068074-00068253 interactions called the strong and
pemNGDD-UjE-00290-00068254-00068867 electro weak interactions
pemNGDD-UjE-00291-00068868-00069407 topic electroweak epic
pemNGDD-UjE-00292-00069408-00069734 between 10-36 seconds or the end of
pemNGDD-UjE-00293-00069735-00069994 inflation and 10-30 two seconds after
pemNGDD-UjE-00294-00069995-00070316 the big bang depending on how a pics are
pemNGDD-UjE-00295-00070317-00070523 defined and the model being followed the
pemNGDD-UjE-00296-00070524-00070703 electroweak epoch may be considered to
pemNGDD-UjE-00297-00070704-00070919 start before or after the inflationary
pemNGDD-UjE-00298-00070920-00071216 epoch in some models it is described as
pemNGDD-UjE-00299-00071217-00071407 including the inflationary epoch in
pemNGDD-UjE-00300-00071408-00071654 other models the electroweak epoch is
pemNGDD-UjE-00301-00071655-00071825 said to begin after the inflationary
pemNGDD-UjE-00302-00071826-00072175 epoch ended at roughly 10 - 32 seconds
pemNGDD-UjE-00303-00072176-00072410 according to traditional Big Bang
pemNGDD-UjE-00304-00072411-00072694 cosmology the electroweak epoch began 10
pemNGDD-UjE-00305-00072695-00072974 - 36 seconds after the Big Bang when the
pemNGDD-UjE-00306-00072975-00073156 temperature of the universe was low
pemNGDD-UjE-00307-00073157-00073403 enough 1028 K for the electro nuclear
pemNGDD-UjE-00308-00073404-00073588 force to begin to manifest as two
pemNGDD-UjE-00309-00073589-00073781 separate interactions called the strong
pemNGDD-UjE-00310-00073782-00073981 and the electroweak interactions the
pemNGDD-UjE-00311-00073982-00074162 electroweak interaction will also
pemNGDD-UjE-00312-00074163-00074332 separate later dividing into the
pemNGDD-UjE-00313-00074333-00074537 electromagnetic and weak interactions
pemNGDD-UjE-00314-00074538-00074810 the exact point where electro strong
pemNGDD-UjE-00315-00074811-00075007 symmetry was broken as not certain
pemNGDD-UjE-00316-00075008-00075181 because of the very high energies of
pemNGDD-UjE-00317-00075182-00075711 this event
pemNGDD-UjE-00318-00075712-00076037 topic inflationary epoch and the rapid
pemNGDD-UjE-00319-00076038-00076486 expansion of space
pemNGDD-UjE-00320-00076487-00076867 before CA 10-30 two seconds after the
pemNGDD-UjE-00321-00076868-00077176 Big Bang at this point the very early
pemNGDD-UjE-00322-00077177-00077335 universe suddenly and very rapidly
pemNGDD-UjE-00323-00077336-00077572 expanded to at least ten seventy eight
pemNGDD-UjE-00324-00077573-00077812 times its previous volume and possibly
pemNGDD-UjE-00325-00077813-00078088 much more this is equivalent to a linear
pemNGDD-UjE-00326-00078089-00078280 increase of at least ten twenty six
pemNGDD-UjE-00327-00078281-00078466 times in every spatial dimension
pemNGDD-UjE-00328-00078467-00078676 equivalent to an object one nanometer
pemNGDD-UjE-00329-00078677-00078943 10-9 meters about half the width of a
pemNGDD-UjE-00330-00078944-00079216 molecule of DNA in length expanding to
pemNGDD-UjE-00331-00079217-00079402 one approximately ten point six
pemNGDD-UjE-00332-00079403-00079600 light-years about sixty two trillion
pemNGDD-UjE-00333-00079601-00079804 miles long in a tiny fraction of a
pemNGDD-UjE-00334-00079805-00080112 second this change is known as inflation
pemNGDD-UjE-00335-00080113-00080326 although light and objects within
pemNGDD-UjE-00336-00080327-00080545 spacetime cannot travel faster than the
pemNGDD-UjE-00337-00080546-00080737 speed of light in this case it was the
pemNGDD-UjE-00338-00080738-00080941 metric governing the size and geometry
pemNGDD-UjE-00339-00080942-00081127 of space-time itself that change in
pemNGDD-UjE-00340-00081128-00081391 scale changes to the metric are not
pemNGDD-UjE-00341-00081392-00081652 limited by the speed of light there is
pemNGDD-UjE-00342-00081653-00081850 good evidence that inflation happened
pemNGDD-UjE-00343-00081851-00082033 and it is widely accepted that it did
pemNGDD-UjE-00344-00082034-00082306 take place but the exact reasons why it
pemNGDD-UjE-00345-00082307-00082537 happened are still being explored so a
pemNGDD-UjE-00346-00082538-00082777 range of models exist that explain why
pemNGDD-UjE-00347-00082778-00082966 and how it took place it is not yet
pemNGDD-UjE-00348-00082967-00083211 clear which explanation is correct in
pemNGDD-UjE-00349-00083212-00083461 several of the more prominent models it
pemNGDD-UjE-00350-00083462-00083599 is thought to have been triggered by the
pemNGDD-UjE-00351-00083600-00083797 separation of the strong and electroweak
pemNGDD-UjE-00352-00083798-00083977 interactions which ended the grand
pemNGDD-UjE-00353-00083978-00084235 unification epoch one of the theoretical
pemNGDD-UjE-00354-00084236-00084457 products of this phase transition was a
pemNGDD-UjE-00355-00084458-00084640 scalar field called the inflaton field
pemNGDD-UjE-00356-00084641-00084931 as this field settled into its lowest
pemNGDD-UjE-00357-00084932-00085123 energy state throughout the universe it
pemNGDD-UjE-00358-00085124-00085321 generated an enormous repulsive force
pemNGDD-UjE-00359-00085322-00085516 that led to a rapid expansion of space
pemNGDD-UjE-00360-00085517-00085798 itself inflation explains several
pemNGDD-UjE-00361-00085799-00085987 observed properties of the current
pemNGDD-UjE-00362-00085988-00086176 universe that are otherwise difficult to
pemNGDD-UjE-00363-00086177-00086362 account for including explaining how
pemNGDD-UjE-00364-00086363-00086533 today's universe has ended up so
pemNGDD-UjE-00365-00086534-00086743 exceedingly homogeneous similar on a
pemNGDD-UjE-00366-00086744-00086929 very large scale even though it was
pemNGDD-UjE-00367-00086930-00087115 highly disordered in its earliest stages
pemNGDD-UjE-00368-00087116-00087409 it is not known exactly when the
pemNGDD-UjE-00369-00087410-00087598 inflationary epoch ended but it is
pemNGDD-UjE-00370-00087599-00087760 thought to have been between ten minus
pemNGDD-UjE-00371-00087761-00087982 thirty three and ten minus thirty-two
pemNGDD-UjE-00372-00087983-00088252 seconds after the Big Bang the rapid
pemNGDD-UjE-00373-00088253-00088468 expansion of space meant that elementary
pemNGDD-UjE-00374-00088469-00088636 particles remaining from the grand
pemNGDD-UjE-00375-00088637-00088852 unification epoch were now distributed
pemNGDD-UjE-00376-00088853-00089134 very thinly across the universe however
pemNGDD-UjE-00377-00089135-00089329 the huge potential energy of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00378-00089330-00089506 inflation field was released at the end
pemNGDD-UjE-00379-00089507-00089698 of the inflationary epoch as the
pemNGDD-UjE-00380-00089699-00089880 inflaton field decayed into other
pemNGDD-UjE-00381-00089881-00090196 articles known as reheating this heating
pemNGDD-UjE-00382-00090197-00090357 effect led to the universe being
pemNGDD-UjE-00383-00090358-00090588 repopulated with a dense hot mixture of
pemNGDD-UjE-00384-00090589-00090894 quarks and E quarks and gluons in other
pemNGDD-UjE-00385-00090895-00091107 models reheating is often considered to
pemNGDD-UjE-00386-00091108-00091302 mark the start of the electroweak epoch
pemNGDD-UjE-00387-00091303-00091521 and some theories such as warm inflation
pemNGDD-UjE-00388-00091522-00091766 avoid a reheating phase entirely in
pemNGDD-UjE-00389-00091767-00092016 non-traditional versions of Big Bang
pemNGDD-UjE-00390-00092017-00092349 Theory known as inflationary models
pemNGDD-UjE-00391-00092350-00092544 inflation ended at a temperature
pemNGDD-UjE-00392-00092545-00092850 corresponding to roughly 10 - 32 second
pemNGDD-UjE-00393-00092851-00093003 after the Big Bang but this does not
pemNGDD-UjE-00394-00093004-00093207 imply that the inflationary era lasted
pemNGDD-UjE-00395-00093208-00093588 less than 10 - 32 second to explain the
pemNGDD-UjE-00396-00093589-00093807 observed homogeneity of the universe the
pemNGDD-UjE-00397-00093808-00093996 duration in these models must be longer
pemNGDD-UjE-00398-00093997-00094317 than 10 - 32 second therefore in
pemNGDD-UjE-00399-00094318-00094548 inflationary cosmology the earliest
pemNGDD-UjE-00400-00094549-00094791 meaningful time after the Big Bang is
pemNGDD-UjE-00401-00094792-00095100 the time of the end of inflation after
pemNGDD-UjE-00402-00095101-00095340 inflation ended the universe continued
pemNGDD-UjE-00403-00095341-00095625 to expand but at a very slow rate the
pemNGDD-UjE-00404-00095626-00095841 slow expansion began to speed up after
pemNGDD-UjE-00405-00095842-00096048 several billion years believed to be due
pemNGDD-UjE-00406-00096049-00096249 to dark energy and is still expanding
pemNGDD-UjE-00407-00096250-00096687 today on March 17th 2014 astrophysicists
pemNGDD-UjE-00408-00096688-00096975 of the BI CEP - collaboration announced
pemNGDD-UjE-00409-00096976-00097122 the detection of inflationary
pemNGDD-UjE-00410-00097123-00097338 gravitational waves in the B mode power
pemNGDD-UjE-00411-00097339-00097546 spectrum which was interpreted as clear
pemNGDD-UjE-00412-00097547-00097725 experimental evidence for the theory of
pemNGDD-UjE-00413-00097726-00098112 inflation however on June 19 2014
pemNGDD-UjE-00414-00098113-00098304 lowered confidence in confirming the
pemNGDD-UjE-00415-00098305-00098529 cosmic inflation findings was reported
pemNGDD-UjE-00416-00098530-00098799 and finally on February 2nd 2015
pemNGDD-UjE-00417-00098800-00099114 a joint analysis of data from bi CEP to
pemNGDD-UjE-00418-00099115-00099339 Keck and Planck satellite concluded that
pemNGDD-UjE-00419-00099340-00099585 the statistical significance of the data
pemNGDD-UjE-00420-00099586-00099792 is too low to be interpreted as a
pemNGDD-UjE-00421-00099793-00100161 detection of primordial B modes and can
pemNGDD-UjE-00422-00100162-00100389 be attributed mainly to polarize dust in
pemNGDD-UjE-00423-00100390-00100943 the Milky Way
pemNGDD-UjE-00424-00100944-00101584 topic electroweak symmetry breaking
pemNGDD-UjE-00425-00101585-00101837 10-12 seconds after the Big Bang
pemNGDD-UjE-00426-00101838-00102146 as the universe's temperature continued
pemNGDD-UjE-00427-00102147-00102356 to fall below a certain very high energy
pemNGDD-UjE-00428-00102357-00102574 level a third symmetry breaking occurs
pemNGDD-UjE-00429-00102575-00102863 so far as we currently know it was the
pemNGDD-UjE-00430-00102864-00103046 final symmetry breaking event in the
pemNGDD-UjE-00431-00103047-00103316 formation of our universe it is believed
pemNGDD-UjE-00432-00103317-00103514 that below some energies unknown yet the
pemNGDD-UjE-00433-00103515-00103721 Higgs field spontaneously acquires a
pemNGDD-UjE-00434-00103722-00104003 vacuum expectation value when this
pemNGDD-UjE-00435-00104004-00104198 happens it breaks electroweak gauge
pemNGDD-UjE-00436-00104199-00104488 symmetry this has two related effects
pemNGDD-UjE-00437-00104489-00104768 via the Higgs mechanism all elementary
pemNGDD-UjE-00438-00104769-00104935 particles interacting with the Higgs
pemNGDD-UjE-00439-00104936-00105122 field become massive having been
pemNGDD-UjE-00440-00105123-00105413 massless at higher energy levels as a
pemNGDD-UjE-00441-00105414-00105595 side effect the weak force and
pemNGDD-UjE-00442-00105596-00105770 electromagnetic force and their
pemNGDD-UjE-00443-00105771-00106049 respective bosons the W and Z bosons and
pemNGDD-UjE-00444-00106050-00106268 photon now begin to manifest differently
pemNGDD-UjE-00445-00106269-00106496 in the present universe the four
pemNGDD-UjE-00446-00106497-00106670 electroweak symmetry breaking these
pemNGDD-UjE-00447-00106671-00106909 bosons were all massless particles and
pemNGDD-UjE-00448-00106910-00107123 interacted over long distances but at
pemNGDD-UjE-00449-00107124-00107369 this point the W and Z bosons abruptly
pemNGDD-UjE-00450-00107370-00107531 become massive particles only
pemNGDD-UjE-00451-00107532-00107744 interacting over distances smaller than
pemNGDD-UjE-00452-00107745-00107843 the size of an atom
pemNGDD-UjE-00453-00107844-00108023 while the photon remains massless and
pemNGDD-UjE-00454-00108024-00108221 remains a long-distance interaction
pemNGDD-UjE-00455-00108222-00108440 after electroweak symmetry breaking the
pemNGDD-UjE-00456-00108441-00108614 fundamental interactions we know of
pemNGDD-UjE-00457-00108615-00108839 gravitation electromagnetism the strong
pemNGDD-UjE-00458-00108840-00109052 interaction and the weak interaction
pemNGDD-UjE-00459-00109053-00109238 have all taken their present forms and
pemNGDD-UjE-00460-00109239-00109454 fundamental particles have mass but the
pemNGDD-UjE-00461-00109455-00109640 temperature of the universe is still too
pemNGDD-UjE-00462-00109641-00109805 high to allow the formation of many
pemNGDD-UjE-00463-00109806-00110008 fundamental particles we now see in the
pemNGDD-UjE-00464-00110009-00110544 universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00465-00110545-00110792 topic super symmetry breaking
pemNGDD-UjE-00466-00110793-00111192 speculative
pemNGDD-UjE-00467-00111193-00111438 if supersymmetry is a property of our
pemNGDD-UjE-00468-00111439-00111635 universe then it must be broken at an
pemNGDD-UjE-00469-00111636-00111891 energy that is no lower than one TV the
pemNGDD-UjE-00470-00111892-00112140 electroweak scale the masses of
pemNGDD-UjE-00471-00112141-00112326 particles and their superpartners would
pemNGDD-UjE-00472-00112327-00112596 then no longer be equal this very high
pemNGDD-UjE-00473-00112597-00112743 energy could explain why no
pemNGDD-UjE-00474-00112744-00112953 superpartners of known particles have
pemNGDD-UjE-00475-00112954-00113546 ever been observed
pemNGDD-UjE-00476-00113547-00114098 topic early universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00477-00114099-00114383 after cosmic inflation ends the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00478-00114383-00114604 is filled with a hot quark gluon plasma
pemNGDD-UjE-00479-00114605-00114872 the remains of reheating from this point
pemNGDD-UjE-00480-00114873-00115031 onwards the physics of the early
pemNGDD-UjE-00481-00115032-00115234 universe is much better understood and
pemNGDD-UjE-00482-00115235-00115433 the energies involved in the quark epic
pemNGDD-UjE-00483-00115433-00116095 are directly amenable to experiment
pemNGDD-UjE-00484-00116096-00116610 topic the cork epoch
pemNGDD-UjE-00485-00116611-00116991 between 10-12 seconds and 10 - 6 seconds
pemNGDD-UjE-00486-00116992-00117313 after the Big Bang the quark epic began
pemNGDD-UjE-00487-00117314-00117585 approximately 10 - 12 seconds after the
pemNGDD-UjE-00488-00117586-00117826 Big Bang this was the period in the
pemNGDD-UjE-00489-00117827-00117997 evolution of the early universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00490-00117998-00118164 immediately after electroweak symmetry
pemNGDD-UjE-00491-00118165-00118359 breaking when the fundamental
pemNGDD-UjE-00492-00118360-00118513 interactions of gravitation
pemNGDD-UjE-00493-00118514-00118761 electromagnetism the strong interaction
pemNGDD-UjE-00494-00118763-00118939 and the weak interaction had taken their
pemNGDD-UjE-00495-00118940-00119125 present forms but the temperature of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00496-00119126-00119286 universe was still too high to allow
pemNGDD-UjE-00497-00119288-00119552 quarks to bind together to form hadrons
pemNGDD-UjE-00498-00119553-00119818 during the cork epoch the universe was
pemNGDD-UjE-00499-00119819-00119995 filled with a dense hot quark gluon
pemNGDD-UjE-00500-00119996-00120252 plasma containing quarks leptons and
pemNGDD-UjE-00501-00120253-00120508 their anti particles collisions between
pemNGDD-UjE-00502-00120508-00120724 particles were too energetic to allow
pemNGDD-UjE-00503-00120725-00120913 quarks to combine into meson Zoar
pemNGDD-UjE-00504-00120914-00121225 baryons the quark epoch ended when the
pemNGDD-UjE-00505-00121226-00121485 universe was about 10 - 6 seconds old
pemNGDD-UjE-00506-00121486-00121663 when the average energy of particle
pemNGDD-UjE-00507-00121664-00121827 interactions had fallen below the
pemNGDD-UjE-00508-00121828-00122435 binding energy of hadrons
pemNGDD-UjE-00509-00122436-00122945 topic baryogenesis
pemNGDD-UjE-00510-00122946-00123275 perhaps by 10-11 second baryons are
pemNGDD-UjE-00511-00123276-00123524 subatomic particles such as protons and
pemNGDD-UjE-00512-00123525-00123701 neutrons that are composed of three
pemNGDD-UjE-00513-00123702-00123965 quarks it would be expected that both
pemNGDD-UjE-00514-00123966-00124181 baryons and particles known as anti
pemNGDD-UjE-00515-00124182-00124343 baryons would have formed in equal
pemNGDD-UjE-00516-00124344-00124631 numbers however this does not seem to be
pemNGDD-UjE-00517-00124632-00124808 what happened as far as we know the
pemNGDD-UjE-00518-00124808-00125018 universe was left with far more baryons
pemNGDD-UjE-00519-00125019-00125354 than anti baryons in fact almost no anti
pemNGDD-UjE-00520-00125355-00125603 baryons are observed in nature it is not
pemNGDD-UjE-00521-00125604-00125779 clear how this came about any
pemNGDD-UjE-00522-00125780-00126002 explanation for this phenomenon must
pemNGDD-UjE-00523-00126003-00126211 allow the Sakharov conditions related to
pemNGDD-UjE-00524-00126213-00126425 baryogenesis to have been satisfied at
pemNGDD-UjE-00525-00126426-00126634 some time after the end of cosmological
pemNGDD-UjE-00526-00126635-00126886 inflation current particle physics
pemNGDD-UjE-00527-00126888-00127091 suggest say symmetries under which these
pemNGDD-UjE-00528-00127092-00127247 conditions would be met but these
pemNGDD-UjE-00529-00127248-00127442 asymmetries appear to be too small to
pemNGDD-UjE-00530-00127443-00127622 account for the observed barian ante
pemNGDD-UjE-00531-00127623-00128288 baryon asymmetry of the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00532-00128289-00128786 topic hadron epoch
pemNGDD-UjE-00533-00128788-00129123 between 10-6 second and one second after
pemNGDD-UjE-00534-00129124-00129461 the Big Bang the cork gluon plasma that
pemNGDD-UjE-00535-00129463-00129648 composes the universe cools until
pemNGDD-UjE-00536-00129649-00129710 hadrons
pemNGDD-UjE-00537-00129711-00129945 including baryons such as protons and
pemNGDD-UjE-00538-00129946-00130308 neutrons conform initially Hadron Andy
pemNGDD-UjE-00539-00130308-00130511 Hadron pairs could form so matter and
pemNGDD-UjE-00540-00130513-00130706 antimatter were in thermal equilibrium
pemNGDD-UjE-00541-00130707-00130944 however as the temperature of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00542-00130945-00131157 universe continued to fall new hadron
pemNGDD-UjE-00543-00131158-00131327 Andy Hadron pairs were no longer
pemNGDD-UjE-00544-00131328-00131511 produced and most of the newly formed
pemNGDD-UjE-00545-00131512-00131748 hadrons and Andy hadrons annihilated
pemNGDD-UjE-00546-00131749-00131927 each other giving rise to pairs of
pemNGDD-UjE-00547-00131928-00132195 high-energy photons a comparatively
pemNGDD-UjE-00548-00132196-00132435 small residue of hadrons remained at
pemNGDD-UjE-00549-00132436-00132651 about one second of cosmic time when
pemNGDD-UjE-00550-00132652-00132936 this epoch ended theory predicts that
pemNGDD-UjE-00551-00132937-00133125 about one Neutron remained for every
pemNGDD-UjE-00552-00133126-00133340 seven protons we believe this to be
pemNGDD-UjE-00553-00133341-00133569 correct because at a later stage all the
pemNGDD-UjE-00554-00133570-00133773 neutrons and some of the protons fused
pemNGDD-UjE-00555-00133774-00134001 leaving hydrogen a hydrogen isotope
pemNGDD-UjE-00556-00134002-00134193 called deuterium helium and other
pemNGDD-UjE-00557-00134194-00134502 elements which we can measure a 1 to 7
pemNGDD-UjE-00558-00134503-00134694 ratio of hadrons at the end of this
pemNGDD-UjE-00559-00134695-00134874 epoch would indeed produce the observed
pemNGDD-UjE-00560-00134875-00135089 element ratios in the early as well as
pemNGDD-UjE-00561-00135090-00135656 current universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00562-00135657-00135986 topic neutrino decoupling and cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00563-00135987-00136451 neutrino background
pemNGDD-UjE-00564-00136452-00136787 around one second after the Big Bang at
pemNGDD-UjE-00565-00136788-00137003 approximately one second after the Big
pemNGDD-UjE-00566-00137004-00137189 Bang neutrinos decouple and begin
pemNGDD-UjE-00567-00137190-00137401 traveling freely through space as
pemNGDD-UjE-00568-00137402-00137639 neutrinos rarely interact with matter
pemNGDD-UjE-00569-00137640-00137837 these neutrinos still exist today
pemNGDD-UjE-00570-00137838-00138053 analogous to the much later Cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00571-00138054-00138229 Microwave Background emitted during
pemNGDD-UjE-00572-00138230-00138572 recombination around 377 thousand years
pemNGDD-UjE-00573-00138573-00138845 after the Big Bang the neutrinos from
pemNGDD-UjE-00574-00138846-00139061 this event have a very low energy around
pemNGDD-UjE-00575-00139062-00139295 10 - 10 times smaller than is possible
pemNGDD-UjE-00576-00139296-00139607 with present-day direct detection even
pemNGDD-UjE-00577-00139608-00139799 high-energy neutrinos are notoriously
pemNGDD-UjE-00578-00139800-00139949 difficult to detect
pemNGDD-UjE-00579-00139950-00140207 so this cosmic neutrino background C&B
pemNGDD-UjE-00580-00140208-00140447 may not be directly observed in detail
pemNGDD-UjE-00581-00140448-00140606 for many years if at all
pemNGDD-UjE-00582-00140607-00140837 however Big Bang cosmology makes many
pemNGDD-UjE-00583-00140838-00141059 predictions about the C and B and there
pemNGDD-UjE-00584-00141060-00141266 is very strong indirect evidence that
pemNGDD-UjE-00585-00141267-00141482 the cosmic neutrino background exists
pemNGDD-UjE-00586-00141483-00141649 both from Big Bang nucleosynthesis
pemNGDD-UjE-00587-00141650-00141884 predictions of the helium abundance and
pemNGDD-UjE-00588-00141885-00142025 from anisotropies in the cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00589-00142026-00142304 microwave background one of these
pemNGDD-UjE-00590-00142305-00142504 predictions is that neutrinos will have
pemNGDD-UjE-00591-00142505-00142685 left a subtle imprint on the Cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00592-00142686-00143012 Microwave Background CMB it is well
pemNGDD-UjE-00593-00143013-00143225 known that the CMB has irregularities
pemNGDD-UjE-00594-00143226-00143471 some of the CMB fluctuations were
pemNGDD-UjE-00595-00143472-00143672 roughly regularly spaced because of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00596-00143673-00143900 effect of baryonic acoustic oscillations
pemNGDD-UjE-00597-00143901-00144206 in theory the decoupled neutrinos should
pemNGDD-UjE-00598-00144207-00144368 have had a very slight effect on the
pemNGDD-UjE-00599-00144369-00144616 phase of the various CMB fluctuations in
pemNGDD-UjE-00600-00144617-00144875 2015 it was reported that such shifts
pemNGDD-UjE-00601-00144876-00145064 had been detected in the CMB
pemNGDD-UjE-00602-00145065-00145352 moreover the fluctuations corresponding
pemNGDD-UjE-00603-00145353-00145556 to neutrinos of almost exactly the
pemNGDD-UjE-00604-00145557-00145789 temperature predicted by Big Bang Theory
pemNGDD-UjE-00605-00145790-00146228 1.96 plus or minus 0.02 K compared to a
pemNGDD-UjE-00606-00146229-00146558 prediction of 1.9 5 K and exactly three
pemNGDD-UjE-00607-00146559-00146762 types of neutrino the same number of
pemNGDD-UjE-00608-00146763-00146972 neutrino flavours currently predicted by
pemNGDD-UjE-00609-00146973-00147540 the standard model
pemNGDD-UjE-00610-00147541-00147846 topic possible formation of primordial
pemNGDD-UjE-00611-00147847-00148276 black holes
pemNGDD-UjE-00612-00148277-00148474 may have occurred within about one
pemNGDD-UjE-00613-00148475-00148657 second after the Big Bang primordial
pemNGDD-UjE-00614-00148658-00148888 black holes are a hypothetical type of
pemNGDD-UjE-00615-00148889-00149179 black hole proposed in 1966 that may
pemNGDD-UjE-00616-00149180-00149314 have formed during the so-called
pemNGDD-UjE-00617-00149315-00149533 radiation-dominated era due to the high
pemNGDD-UjE-00618-00149534-00149746 densities and inhomogeneous conditions
pemNGDD-UjE-00619-00149747-00149952 within the first second of cosmic time
pemNGDD-UjE-00620-00149953-00150214 random fluctuations could lead to some
pemNGDD-UjE-00621-00150215-00150394 regions becoming dense enough to undergo
pemNGDD-UjE-00622-00150395-00150616 gravitational collapse forming black
pemNGDD-UjE-00623-00150617-00150877 holes current understandings and
pemNGDD-UjE-00624-00150878-00151048 theories place tight limits on the
pemNGDD-UjE-00625-00151049-00151272 abundance and mass of these objects
pemNGDD-UjE-00626-00151273-00151510 typically primordial black hole
pemNGDD-UjE-00627-00151511-00151759 formation requires density contrasts
pemNGDD-UjE-00628-00151760-00151972 regional variations in the universe's
pemNGDD-UjE-00629-00151973-00152715 density of around Delta bro-bro 0.1
pemNGDD-UjE-00630-00152716-00153268 display style delta rho rho sims 0.1 10%
pemNGDD-UjE-00631-00153269-00153790 where rho display style rho is the
pemNGDD-UjE-00632-00153791-00154066 average density of the universe several
pemNGDD-UjE-00633-00154067-00154270 mechanisms could produce dense regions
pemNGDD-UjE-00634-00154271-00154465 meeting this criterion during the early
pemNGDD-UjE-00635-00154466-00154626 universe including reheating
pemNGDD-UjE-00636-00154627-00154861 cosmological phase transitions and in
pemNGDD-UjE-00637-00154862-00155209 so-called hybrid inflation models accion
pemNGDD-UjE-00638-00155210-00155425 inflation since primordial black holes
pemNGDD-UjE-00639-00155426-00155677 didn't form from stellar gravitational
pemNGDD-UjE-00640-00155678-00155869 collapse their masses can be far below
pemNGDD-UjE-00641-00155870-00156135 stellar mass approximately two times
pemNGDD-UjE-00642-00156136-00156306 1033 grams
pemNGDD-UjE-00643-00156307-00156666 Stephen Hawking calculated in 1971 that
pemNGDD-UjE-00644-00156667-00156847 primordial black holes could weigh as
pemNGDD-UjE-00645-00156848-00157153 little as 10 minus 5 grams but they can
pemNGDD-UjE-00646-00157154-00157329 have any size so they could also be
pemNGDD-UjE-00647-00157330-00157507 large and may have contributed to the
pemNGDD-UjE-00648-00157508-00158123 formation of galaxies
pemNGDD-UjE-00649-00158124-00158648 topic lepton epic
pemNGDD-UjE-00650-00158649-00158906 between one second and ten seconds after
pemNGDD-UjE-00651-00158907-00159248 the Big Bang the majority of hadrons and
pemNGDD-UjE-00652-00159249-00159446 Andy hadrons annihilate each other at
pemNGDD-UjE-00653-00159447-00159611 the end of the Hadron epoch leaving
pemNGDD-UjE-00654-00159612-00159869 leptons such as the electron muons and
pemNGDD-UjE-00655-00159870-00160070 certain neutrinos and Andy leptons
pemNGDD-UjE-00656-00160071-00160376 dominating the mass of the universe the
pemNGDD-UjE-00657-00160377-00160610 lepton epic follows a similar path to
pemNGDD-UjE-00658-00160611-00160856 the earlier Hadron epoch initially
pemNGDD-UjE-00659-00160857-00161093 leptons and anti leptons are produced in
pemNGDD-UjE-00660-00161094-00161339 pairs about 10 seconds after the Big
pemNGDD-UjE-00661-00161340-00161489 Bang the temperature of the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00662-00161490-00161726 falls to the point at which new lepton
pemNGDD-UjE-00663-00161727-00161978 Andy leptin pairs are no longer created
pemNGDD-UjE-00664-00161979-00162179 and most remaining leptons and Andy
pemNGDD-UjE-00665-00162180-00162368 leptons quickly annihilate each other
pemNGDD-UjE-00666-00162369-00162560 giving rise to pairs of high-energy
pemNGDD-UjE-00667-00162561-00162797 photons and leaving a small residue of
pemNGDD-UjE-00668-00162798-00163431 non annihilated leptons
pemNGDD-UjE-00669-00163432-00163939 topic photon epoch
pemNGDD-UjE-00670-00163940-00164329 between 10 seconds and 377,000 years
pemNGDD-UjE-00671-00164330-00164653 after the Big Bang after most leptons
pemNGDD-UjE-00672-00164654-00164863 and ande leptons are annihilated at the
pemNGDD-UjE-00673-00164864-00165058 end of the lepton epoch most of the mass
pemNGDD-UjE-00674-00165059-00165250 energy in the universe is left in the
pemNGDD-UjE-00675-00165251-00165523 form of photons much of the rest of its
pemNGDD-UjE-00676-00165524-00165742 mass energy as in the form of neutrinos
pemNGDD-UjE-00677-00165743-00165948 and other relativistic particles
pemNGDD-UjE-00678-00165949-00166195 therefore the energy of the universe and
pemNGDD-UjE-00679-00166196-00166426 its overall behavior is dominated by its
pemNGDD-UjE-00680-00166427-00166720 photons these photons continue to
pemNGDD-UjE-00681-00166721-00166939 interact frequently with charged protons
pemNGDD-UjE-00682-00166940-00167263 electrons and eventually nuclei they
pemNGDD-UjE-00683-00167264-00167596 continue to do so for about the next 377
pemNGDD-UjE-00684-00167597-00168152 thousand years
pemNGDD-UjE-00685-00168153-00168794 topic nucleosynthesis of light elements
pemNGDD-UjE-00686-00168795-00169034 between 2 minutes and 20 minutes after
pemNGDD-UjE-00687-00169035-00169376 the Big Bang between about 2 and 20
pemNGDD-UjE-00688-00169377-00169520 minutes after the Big Bang the
pemNGDD-UjE-00689-00169521-00169706 temperature and pressure of the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00690-00169707-00169922 allow nuclear fusion to occur giving
pemNGDD-UjE-00691-00169923-00170141 rise to nuclei of a few light elements
pemNGDD-UjE-00692-00170142-00170449 beyond hydrogen Big Bang nucleosynthesis
pemNGDD-UjE-00693-00170450-00170798 about 25% of the protons and all the
pemNGDD-UjE-00694-00170799-00170993 neutrons fused to form deuterium a
pemNGDD-UjE-00695-00170994-00171173 hydrogen isotope and most of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00696-00171174-00171389 deuterium quickly fuses to form helium
pemNGDD-UjE-00697-00171390-00171734 for atomic nuclei will easily unbind
pemNGDD-UjE-00698-00171735-00171887 break apart above a certain temperature
pemNGDD-UjE-00699-00171888-00172199 related to their binding energy from
pemNGDD-UjE-00700-00172200-00172289 about 2 minutes
pemNGDD-UjE-00701-00172290-00172451 the falling temperature means that
pemNGDD-UjE-00702-00172452-00172661 deuterium no longer unbinds and is
pemNGDD-UjE-00703-00172662-00172868 stable and starting from about 3 minutes
pemNGDD-UjE-00704-00172869-00173081 helium and other elements formed by the
pemNGDD-UjE-00705-00173082-00173279 fusion of deuterium also no longer
pemNGDD-UjE-00706-00173280-00173480 unbind and are stable the short duration
pemNGDD-UjE-00707-00173481-00173690 and falling temperature means that only
pemNGDD-UjE-00708-00173691-00173873 the simplest and fastest fusion
pemNGDD-UjE-00709-00173874-00174179 processes can occur only tiny amounts of
pemNGDD-UjE-00710-00174180-00174380 nuclei beyond helium are formed because
pemNGDD-UjE-00711-00174381-00174608 nucleosynthesis of heavier elements is
pemNGDD-UjE-00712-00174609-00174788 difficult and requires thousands of
pemNGDD-UjE-00713-00174789-00175076 years even in stars small amounts of
pemNGDD-UjE-00714-00175077-00175289 tritium another hydrogen isotope and
pemNGDD-UjE-00715-00175290-00175535 beryllium 7 and minus 8 are formed but
pemNGDD-UjE-00716-00175536-00175718 these are unstable and are quickly lost
pemNGDD-UjE-00717-00175719-00176003 again a small amount of deuterium is
pemNGDD-UjE-00718-00176004-00176189 left unfused because of the very short
pemNGDD-UjE-00719-00176190-00176411 duration therefore the only stable
pemNGDD-UjE-00720-00176412-00176636 nuclides created by the end of Big Bang
pemNGDD-UjE-00721-00176637-00176861 nucleosynthesis are protium single
pemNGDD-UjE-00722-00176862-00177098 proton hydrogen nucleus deuterium
pemNGDD-UjE-00723-00177099-00177488 helium-3 helium 4 and lithium-7 by mass
pemNGDD-UjE-00724-00177489-00177730 the resulting matter is about 75%
pemNGDD-UjE-00725-00177731-00178109 hydrogen nuclei 25% helium nuclei and
pemNGDD-UjE-00726-00178110-00178469 perhaps 10 - 10 by mass of lithium 7 the
pemNGDD-UjE-00727-00178470-00178673 next most common stable isotopes
pemNGDD-UjE-00728-00178674-00178961 produced are lithium 6 beryllium 9 boron
pemNGDD-UjE-00729-00178962-00179209 11 carbon nitrogen and oxygen
pemNGDD-UjE-00730-00179210-00179546 CNO but these have predicted abundances
pemNGDD-UjE-00731-00179547-00179855 of between 5 and 30 parts in 1015 by
pemNGDD-UjE-00732-00179856-00180011 mass making them essentially
pemNGDD-UjE-00733-00180012-00180227 undetectable and negligible the amounts
pemNGDD-UjE-00734-00180228-00180377 of each light element in the early
pemNGDD-UjE-00735-00180378-00180551 universe can be estimated from old
pemNGDD-UjE-00736-00180552-00180761 galaxies and as strong evidence for the
pemNGDD-UjE-00737-00180762-00180827 Big Bang
pemNGDD-UjE-00738-00180828-00181082 for example the Big Bang should produce
pemNGDD-UjE-00739-00181083-00181316 about 1 Neutron for every 7 protons
pemNGDD-UjE-00740-00181317-00181649 allowing for 25% of all nucleons to be
pemNGDD-UjE-00741-00181650-00181889 fused into helium for 2 protons and 2
pemNGDD-UjE-00742-00181890-00182156 neutrons out of every 16 nucleons and
pemNGDD-UjE-00743-00182157-00182348 this is the amount we find today and far
pemNGDD-UjE-00744-00182349-00182525 more than can be easily explained by
pemNGDD-UjE-00745-00182526-00182638 other processes
pemNGDD-UjE-00746-00182639-00182924 similarly deuterium fuses extremely
pemNGDD-UjE-00747-00182925-00183158 easily any alternative explanation must
pemNGDD-UjE-00748-00183159-00183395 also explain how conditions existed for
pemNGDD-UjE-00749-00183396-00183614 deuterium to form but also left some of
pemNGDD-UjE-00750-00183615-00183791 that deuterium unfused and not
pemNGDD-UjE-00751-00183792-00184043 immediately fused again into helium any
pemNGDD-UjE-00752-00184044-00184244 alternative must also explain the
pemNGDD-UjE-00753-00184245-00184406 proportions of the various light
pemNGDD-UjE-00754-00184407-00184661 elements and their isotopes a few
pemNGDD-UjE-00755-00184662-00184916 isotopes such as lithium 7 were found to
pemNGDD-UjE-00756-00184917-00185090 be present in amounts that differed from
pemNGDD-UjE-00757-00185091-00185300 theory but over time these differences
pemNGDD-UjE-00758-00185301-00185420 have been resolved by better
pemNGDD-UjE-00759-00185421-00185992 observations
pemNGDD-UjE-00760-00185993-00186637 topic matter domination forty-seven
pemNGDD-UjE-00761-00186638-00186943 thousand years after the Big Bang until
pemNGDD-UjE-00762-00186944-00187150 now the universe's large-scale dynamics
pemNGDD-UjE-00763-00187151-00187360 and behavior have been determined mainly
pemNGDD-UjE-00764-00187361-00187618 by radiation meaning those constituents
pemNGDD-UjE-00765-00187619-00187789 that move relativistically at or near
pemNGDD-UjE-00766-00187790-00187993 the speed of light such as photons and
pemNGDD-UjE-00767-00187994-00188266 neutrinos as the universe cools from
pemNGDD-UjE-00768-00188267-00188668 around 47 thousand years Z equals 3600
pemNGDD-UjE-00769-00188669-00188860 the universe's large-scale behavior
pemNGDD-UjE-00770-00188861-00189148 becomes dominated by matter instead this
pemNGDD-UjE-00771-00189149-00189334 occurs because the energy density of
pemNGDD-UjE-00772-00189335-00189550 matter begins to exceed both the energy
pemNGDD-UjE-00773-00189551-00189706 density of radiation and the vacuum
pemNGDD-UjE-00774-00189707-00190003 energy density around or shortly after
pemNGDD-UjE-00775-00190004-00190159 this time the densities of
pemNGDD-UjE-00776-00190160-00190444 nonrelativistic matter atomic nuclei and
pemNGDD-UjE-00777-00190445-00190699 relativistic radiation photons become
pemNGDD-UjE-00778-00190700-00190918 equal the genes length which determines
pemNGDD-UjE-00779-00190919-00191089 the smallest structures that can form
pemNGDD-UjE-00780-00191090-00191314 due to competition between gravitational
pemNGDD-UjE-00781-00191315-00191515 attraction and pressure effects begins
pemNGDD-UjE-00782-00191516-00191722 to fall and perturbations instead of
pemNGDD-UjE-00783-00191723-00191863 being wiped out by free streaming
pemNGDD-UjE-00784-00191864-00192138 radiation can begin to grow in amplitude
pemNGDD-UjE-00785-00192139-00192409 according to the lambda-cdm model by
pemNGDD-UjE-00786-00192410-00192547 this stage the matter in the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00787-00192548-00192924 has around 84.5% called dark matter and
pemNGDD-UjE-00788-00192925-00193366 15.5% ordinary matter however the total
pemNGDD-UjE-00789-00193367-00193717 matter in the universe is only 31.7%
pemNGDD-UjE-00790-00193718-00194002 much smaller than the 68.3% of dark
pemNGDD-UjE-00791-00194003-00194239 energy there is overwhelming evidence
pemNGDD-UjE-00792-00194240-00194479 that Dark Matter exists and dominates
pemNGDD-UjE-00793-00194480-00194683 our universe but since the exact nature
pemNGDD-UjE-00794-00194684-00194839 of dark matter is still not understood
pemNGDD-UjE-00795-00194840-00195115 Big Bang Theory does not presently cover
pemNGDD-UjE-00796-00195116-00195406 any stages in its formation from this
pemNGDD-UjE-00797-00195407-00195604 point on and for several billion years
pemNGDD-UjE-00798-00195605-00195775 to come the presence of dark matter
pemNGDD-UjE-00799-00195776-00195985 accelerates the formation of structure
pemNGDD-UjE-00800-00195986-00196216 in our universe in the early universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00801-00196217-00196456 dark matter gradually gathers in huge
pemNGDD-UjE-00802-00196457-00196638 filaments under the effects of gravity
pemNGDD-UjE-00803-00196639-00196938 this amplifies the tiny inhomogeneities
pemNGDD-UjE-00804-00196939-00197146 irregularities in the density of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00805-00197147-00197326 universe which was left by cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00806-00197327-00197599 inflation over time slightly denser
pemNGDD-UjE-00807-00197600-00197791 regions become denser and slightly
pemNGDD-UjE-00808-00197792-00198010 rarefied emptier regions become more
pemNGDD-UjE-00809-00198011-00198298 rarefied ordinary matter eventually
pemNGDD-UjE-00810-00198299-00198472 gathers together faster than it would
pemNGDD-UjE-00811-00198473-00198664 otherwise do because of the presence of
pemNGDD-UjE-00812-00198665-00199322 these concentrations of dark matter
pemNGDD-UjE-00813-00199323-00199663 topic recombination photon decoupling
pemNGDD-UjE-00814-00199664-00200143 and the Cosmic Microwave Background CMB
pemNGDD-UjE-00815-00200144-00200364 you
pemNGDD-UjE-00816-00200365-00200772 see a 377 thousand years after the big
pemNGDD-UjE-00817-00200773-00201195 bang about 377 thousand years after the
pemNGDD-UjE-00818-00201196-00201404 Big Bang two connected events occurred
pemNGDD-UjE-00819-00201405-00201668 recombination and photon decoupling
pemNGDD-UjE-00820-00201669-00201885 recombination describes the ionized
pemNGDD-UjE-00821-00201886-00202074 particles combining to form the first
pemNGDD-UjE-00822-00202075-00202284 neutral atoms and decoupling refers to
pemNGDD-UjE-00823-00202285-00202593 the photons released decoupled as the
pemNGDD-UjE-00824-00202594-00202779 newly formed atoms settle into more
pemNGDD-UjE-00825-00202780-00202946 stable energy States
pemNGDD-UjE-00826-00202947-00203244 just before recombination the baryonic
pemNGDD-UjE-00827-00203245-00203391 matter in the universe was at a
pemNGDD-UjE-00828-00203392-00203541 temperature where it formed a hot
pemNGDD-UjE-00829-00203542-00203841 ionized plasma most of the photons in
pemNGDD-UjE-00830-00203842-00204041 the universe interacted with electrons
pemNGDD-UjE-00831-00204042-00204213 and protons and could not travel
pemNGDD-UjE-00832-00204214-00204360 significant distances without
pemNGDD-UjE-00833-00204361-00204651 interacting with ionized particles as a
pemNGDD-UjE-00834-00204652-00204959 result the universe was opaque or foggy
pemNGDD-UjE-00835-00204960-00205179 although there was light it was not
pemNGDD-UjE-00836-00205180-00205377 possible to see nor can we observe that
pemNGDD-UjE-00837-00205378-00205698 light through telescopes at around three
pemNGDD-UjE-00838-00205698-00205913 hundred seventy seven thousand years the
pemNGDD-UjE-00839-00205914-00206087 universe has cooled to a point where
pemNGDD-UjE-00840-00206088-00206261 free electrons can combine with the
pemNGDD-UjE-00841-00206262-00206438 hydrogen and helium nuclei to form
pemNGDD-UjE-00842-00206439-00206751 neutral atoms this process is relatively
pemNGDD-UjE-00843-00206752-00206979 fast and faster for the helium than for
pemNGDD-UjE-00844-00206980-00207111 the hydrogen and is known as
pemNGDD-UjE-00845-00207112-00207348 recombination the name is slightly
pemNGDD-UjE-00846-00207348-00207558 inaccurate and is given for historical
pemNGDD-UjE-00847-00207559-00207606 reasons
pemNGDD-UjE-00848-00207607-00207842 in fact the electrons and atomic nuclei
pemNGDD-UjE-00849-00207844-00208048 were combining for the first time
pemNGDD-UjE-00850-00208050-00208302 directly combining in a low energy state
pemNGDD-UjE-00851-00208303-00208541 ground state is less efficient so these
pemNGDD-UjE-00852-00208542-00208752 hydrogen atoms generally form with the
pemNGDD-UjE-00853-00208753-00208953 electrons still in a high energy state
pemNGDD-UjE-00854-00208954-00209178 and once combined the electrons quickly
pemNGDD-UjE-00855-00209179-00209358 release energy in the form of one or
pemNGDD-UjE-00856-00209359-00209571 more photons as they transition to a low
pemNGDD-UjE-00857-00209571-00209862 energy state this release of photons is
pemNGDD-UjE-00858-00209863-00210090 known as photon decoupling some of these
pemNGDD-UjE-00859-00210091-00210288 decoupled photons are captured by other
pemNGDD-UjE-00860-00210289-00210540 hydrogen atoms the remainder remain free
pemNGDD-UjE-00861-00210541-00210825 by the end of recombination most of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00862-00210826-00211005 protons in the universe have formed
pemNGDD-UjE-00863-00211006-00211296 neutral atoms this change from charge to
pemNGDD-UjE-00864-00211296-00211476 neutral particles means that the mean
pemNGDD-UjE-00865-00211477-00211673 free path photons can travel before
pemNGDD-UjE-00866-00211675-00211911 capture in effect becomes infinite so
pemNGDD-UjE-00867-00211912-00212096 any decoupled photons that have not been
pemNGDD-UjE-00868-00212098-00212310 captured can travel freely over long
pemNGDD-UjE-00869-00212311-00212388 distances
pemNGDD-UjE-00870-00212389-00212661 see Thomson scattering the universe has
pemNGDD-UjE-00871-00212662-00212829 become transparent to visible light
pemNGDD-UjE-00872-00212830-00213044 radio waves and other electromagnetic
pemNGDD-UjE-00873-00213044-00213255 radiation for the first time in its
pemNGDD-UjE-00874-00213256-00213373 history
pemNGDD-UjE-00875-00213375-00213596 the photons released by these newly
pemNGDD-UjE-00876-00213596-00213803 formed hydrogen atoms initially had a
pemNGDD-UjE-00877-00213804-00213962 temperature energy of around
pemNGDD-UjE-00878-00213963-00214196 approximately 4,000 K this would have
pemNGDD-UjE-00879-00214196-00214382 been visible to the eye as a pale yellow
pemNGDD-UjE-00880-00214383-00214766 orange tinted or soft white color over
pemNGDD-UjE-00881-00214767-00214952 billions of years since decoupling as
pemNGDD-UjE-00882-00214953-00215167 the universe has expanded the photons
pemNGDD-UjE-00883-00215169-00215366 have been red shifted from visible light
pemNGDD-UjE-00884-00215367-00215596 to radio waves microwave radiation
pemNGDD-UjE-00885-00215598-00215783 corresponding to a temperature of about
pemNGDD-UjE-00886-00215784-00216176 2.7 K redshifting describes the photons
pemNGDD-UjE-00887-00216177-00216385 acquiring longer wavelengths and lower
pemNGDD-UjE-00888-00216386-00216598 frequencies as the universe expanded
pemNGDD-UjE-00889-00216600-00216769 over billions of years so that they
pemNGDD-UjE-00890-00216771-00216965 gradually changed from visible light to
pemNGDD-UjE-00891-00216966-00217273 radio waves these same photons can still
pemNGDD-UjE-00892-00217275-00217508 be detected as radio waves today they
pemNGDD-UjE-00893-00217509-00217838 form the Cosmic Microwave Background CMB
pemNGDD-UjE-00894-00217839-00218092 and they provide crucial evidence of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00895-00218094-00218305 early universe and how it developed
pemNGDD-UjE-00896-00218306-00218548 around the same time as recombination
pemNGDD-UjE-00897-00218548-00218767 existing pressure waves within the
pemNGDD-UjE-00898-00218769-00219023 electron Berrien plasma known as barian
pemNGDD-UjE-00899-00219023-00219244 acoustic oscillations became embedded in
pemNGDD-UjE-00900-00219246-00219404 the distribution of matter as it
pemNGDD-UjE-00901-00219405-00219608 condensed giving rise to a very slight
pemNGDD-UjE-00902-00219609-00219760 preference in distribution of
pemNGDD-UjE-00903-00219761-00220073 large-scale objects therefore the Cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00904-00220073-00220280 Microwave Background as a picture of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00905-00220281-00220439 universe at the end of this epoch
pemNGDD-UjE-00906-00220440-00220573 including the tiny fluctuations
pemNGDD-UjE-00907-00220573-00220844 generated during inflation see diagram
pemNGDD-UjE-00908-00220844-00220994 and the spread of objects such as
pemNGDD-UjE-00909-00220994-00221173 galaxies in the universe as an
pemNGDD-UjE-00910-00221175-00221366 indication of the scale and size of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00911-00221367-00222044 universe as it developed over time
pemNGDD-UjE-00912-00222044-00222344 topic the Dark Ages and large-scale
pemNGDD-UjE-00913-00222344-00222577 structure emergence
pemNGDD-UjE-00914-00222578-00222810 you
pemNGDD-UjE-00915-00222811-00223227 see a 380,000 to about 1 billion year
pemNGDD-UjE-00916-00223228-00223711 after the Big Bang
pemNGDD-UjE-00917-00223712-00224219 topic dark ages
pemNGDD-UjE-00918-00224219-00224473 after recombination and decoupling the
pemNGDD-UjE-00919-00224475-00224675 universe was transparent and had cooled
pemNGDD-UjE-00920-00224676-00224846 enough to allow light to travel long
pemNGDD-UjE-00921-00224846-00225005 distances but there were no light
pemNGDD-UjE-00922-00225006-00225209 producing structures such as stars and
pemNGDD-UjE-00923-00225210-00225494 galaxies stars and galaxies are formed
pemNGDD-UjE-00924-00225494-00225737 when dense regions of gas form due to
pemNGDD-UjE-00925-00225738-00225926 the action of gravity and this takes a
pemNGDD-UjE-00926-00225927-00226127 long time within a near uniform density
pemNGDD-UjE-00927-00226128-00226355 of gas and on the scale required so it
pemNGDD-UjE-00928-00226356-00226565 is estimated that stars did not exist
pemNGDD-UjE-00929-00226566-00226733 for perhaps hundreds of millions of
pemNGDD-UjE-00930-00226734-00227039 years after recombination this period
pemNGDD-UjE-00931-00227040-00227390 known as the dark ages began around 377
pemNGDD-UjE-00932-00227391-00227663 thousand years after the Big Bang during
pemNGDD-UjE-00933-00227664-00227848 the dark ages the temperature of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00934-00227850-00228110 universe cooled from some 4000 K down to
pemNGDD-UjE-00935-00228111-00228350 about 60 K and only two sources of
pemNGDD-UjE-00936-00228351-00228566 photons existed the photons released
pemNGDD-UjE-00937-00228567-00228755 during recombination decoupling as
pemNGDD-UjE-00938-00228756-00228973 neutral hydrogen atoms formed which we
pemNGDD-UjE-00939-00228975-00229160 can still detect today as the Cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00940-00229161-00229433 Microwave Background CMB and photons
pemNGDD-UjE-00941-00229434-00229610 occasionally released by neutral
pemNGDD-UjE-00942-00229611-00229805 hydrogen atoms known as the 21
pemNGDD-UjE-00943-00229806-00229982 centimeters spin line of neutral
pemNGDD-UjE-00944-00229983-00230273 hydrogen the hydrogen spin line is in
pemNGDD-UjE-00945-00230273-00230477 the microwave range of frequencies and
pemNGDD-UjE-00946-00230478-00230675 within three million years the CMB
pemNGDD-UjE-00947-00230676-00230900 photons had red shifted out of visible
pemNGDD-UjE-00948-00230901-00231086 light to infrared from that time until
pemNGDD-UjE-00949-00231087-00231260 the first stars there were no visible
pemNGDD-UjE-00950-00231261-00231533 light photons other than perhaps some
pemNGDD-UjE-00951-00231534-00231758 rare statistical anomalies the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-00952-00231759-00232091 was truly dark the October 2010
pemNGDD-UjE-00953-00232092-00232583 discovery of udfy-38135539 the first
pemNGDD-UjE-00954-00232584-00232790 observed galaxy to have existed during
pemNGDD-UjE-00955-00232791-00233003 the following rihanna's ation epic gives
pemNGDD-UjE-00956-00233004-00233242 us a window into these times the
pemNGDD-UjE-00957-00233244-00233411 galaxies earliest in this period
pemNGDD-UjE-00958-00233412-00233623 observed and thus also the most distant
pemNGDD-UjE-00959-00233625-00233848 galaxy ever observed as currently on the
pemNGDD-UjE-00960-00233850-00234071 record of Leiden University's Richard J
pemNGDD-UjE-00961-00234071-00234266 Bauwens and garthdee ellingsworth from
pemNGDD-UjE-00962-00234267-00234578 UC observatories Lick Observatory they
pemNGDD-UjE-00964-00237612-00237875 light-years there is also currently an
pemNGDD-UjE-00965-00237876-00238085 observational effort underway to detect
pemNGDD-UjE-00966-00238086-00238304 the faint 21 centimetres spin line
pemNGDD-UjE-00967-00238305-00238538 radiation as it is in principle an even
pemNGDD-UjE-00968-00238539-00238715 more powerful tool than the cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-00969-00238716-00238907 microwave background for studying the
pemNGDD-UjE-00970-00238908-00239198 early universe structures may have begun
pemNGDD-UjE-00971-00239198-00239471 to emerge from around 150 million years
pemNGDD-UjE-00972-00239471-00239714 and stars and early galaxies gradually
pemNGDD-UjE-00973-00239715-00239975 emerged from around 400 to 700 million
pemNGDD-UjE-00974-00239976-00240254 years as they emerged the dark ages
pemNGDD-UjE-00975-00240255-00240527 gradually ended because this process was
pemNGDD-UjE-00976-00240528-00240773 gradual the dark ages only fully ended
pemNGDD-UjE-00977-00240773-00241040 around 1 billion 1000 million years as
pemNGDD-UjE-00978-00241041-00241698 the universe took its present appearance
pemNGDD-UjE-00979-00241698-00242502 topic speculative habitable epoch CA 10
pemNGDD-UjE-00980-00242503-00242715 to 17 million years after the Big Bang
pemNGDD-UjE-00981-00242716-00242996 for about 6.6 million years between
pemNGDD-UjE-00982-00242998-00243252 about 10 to 17 million years after the
pemNGDD-UjE-00983-00243253-00243600 Big Bang redshift 137 to 100 the
pemNGDD-UjE-00984-00243601-00243935 background temperature was between 373 K
pemNGDD-UjE-00985-00243936-00244292 and 273 K a temperature compatible with
pemNGDD-UjE-00986-00244294-00244508 liquid water and common biological
pemNGDD-UjE-00987-00244509-00244892 chemical reactions Loeb 2014 speculated
pemNGDD-UjE-00988-00244894-00245084 that primitive life might in principle
pemNGDD-UjE-00989-00245085-00245250 have appeared during this window which
pemNGDD-UjE-00990-00245251-00245475 he called the habitable epoch of the
pemNGDD-UjE-00991-00245476-00245748 early universe Loeb argues that
pemNGDD-UjE-00992-00245748-00245964 carbon-based life might have evolved in
pemNGDD-UjE-00993-00245965-00246144 a hypothetical pocket of the early
pemNGDD-UjE-00994-00246144-00246330 universe that was dense enough both to
pemNGDD-UjE-00995-00246331-00246519 generate at least one massive star that
pemNGDD-UjE-00996-00246519-00246732 subsequently releases carbon in a
pemNGDD-UjE-00997-00246733-00246942 supernova and that was also dense enough
pemNGDD-UjE-00998-00246942-00247148 to generate a planet such dense pockets
pemNGDD-UjE-00999-00247150-00247317 if they existed would have been
pemNGDD-UjE-01000-00247317-00247512 extremely rare life would also have
pemNGDD-UjE-01001-00247513-00247716 required a heat differential rather than
pemNGDD-UjE-01002-00247717-00247941 just uniform background radiation this
pemNGDD-UjE-01003-00247942-00248098 could be provided by naturally-occurring
pemNGDD-UjE-01004-00248100-00248423 geothermal energy such life would likely
pemNGDD-UjE-01005-00248425-00248609 have remained primitive it is highly
pemNGDD-UjE-01006-00248610-00248796 unlikely that intelligent life would
pemNGDD-UjE-01007-00248796-00248946 have had sufficient time to evolve
pemNGDD-UjE-01008-00248946-00249138 before the hypothetical ocean's freeze
pemNGDD-UjE-01009-00249139-00249798 over at the end of the habitable epoch
pemNGDD-UjE-01010-00249800-00250081 topic earliest structures and stars
pemNGDD-UjE-01011-00250082-00250471 emerge
pemNGDD-UjE-01012-00250471-00250792 around 150 million to 1 billion year
pemNGDD-UjE-01013-00250792-00251071 after the Big Bang the matter in the
pemNGDD-UjE-01014-00251071-00251392 universe has around 84.5% called dark
pemNGDD-UjE-01015-00251392-00251842 matter and 15.5% ordinary matter since
pemNGDD-UjE-01016-00251842-00252021 the start of the matter dominated era
pemNGDD-UjE-01017-00252023-00252217 the dark matter has gradually been
pemNGDD-UjE-01018-00252217-00252405 gathering in huge spread out diffused
pemNGDD-UjE-01019-00252406-00252617 filaments under the effects of gravity
pemNGDD-UjE-01020-00252619-00252855 ordinary matter eventually gathers
pemNGDD-UjE-01021-00252856-00253005 together faster than it would otherwise
pemNGDD-UjE-01022-00253006-00253201 do because of the presence of these
pemNGDD-UjE-01023-00253202-00253380 concentrations of dark matter
pemNGDD-UjE-01024-00253381-00253623 it is also slightly more dense at
pemNGDD-UjE-01025-00253625-00253837 regular distances due to early barian
pemNGDD-UjE-01026-00253838-00254077 acoustic oscillations bow which became
pemNGDD-UjE-01027-00254078-00254259 embedded into the distribution of matter
pemNGDD-UjE-01028-00254260-00254539 when photons decoupled unlike dark
pemNGDD-UjE-01029-00254540-00254740 matter ordinary matter can lose energy
pemNGDD-UjE-01030-00254741-00254955 by many roots which means that as it
pemNGDD-UjE-01031-00254956-00255154 collapses it can lose the energy which
pemNGDD-UjE-01032-00255155-00255306 would otherwise hold it apart and
pemNGDD-UjE-01033-00255307-00255507 collapse more quickly and into denser
pemNGDD-UjE-01034-00255508-00255807 forms ordinary matter gathers where dark
pemNGDD-UjE-01035-00255808-00256030 matter is denser and in those places it
pemNGDD-UjE-01036-00256031-00256209 collapses into clouds of mainly hydrogen
pemNGDD-UjE-01037-00256210-00256564 gas the first stars and galaxies form
pemNGDD-UjE-01038-00256565-00256734 from these clouds where numerous
pemNGDD-UjE-01039-00256735-00257010 galaxies have formed galaxy clusters and
pemNGDD-UjE-01040-00257011-00257214 superclusters will eventually arise
pemNGDD-UjE-01041-00257215-00257508 large voids with few stars will develop
pemNGDD-UjE-01042-00257509-00257658 between them marking where dark matter
pemNGDD-UjE-01043-00257659-00257998 became less common structure formation
pemNGDD-UjE-01044-00257998-00258156 in the Big Bang model perceives
pemNGDD-UjE-01045-00258157-00258325 hierarchal E due to gravitational
pemNGDD-UjE-01046-00258326-00258555 collapse with smaller structures forming
pemNGDD-UjE-01047-00258556-00258676 before larger ones
pemNGDD-UjE-01048-00258677-00258928 the earliest structures to form are the
pemNGDD-UjE-01049-00258929-00259204 first stars known as population 3 stars
pemNGDD-UjE-01050-00259205-00259438 dwarf galaxies and quasars which are
pemNGDD-UjE-01051-00259439-00259591 thought to be bright early active
pemNGDD-UjE-01052-00259592-00259767 galaxies containing a supermassive black
pemNGDD-UjE-01053-00259769-00260017 hole surrounded by inward spiraling
pemNGDD-UjE-01054-00260017-00260302 accretion discs of gas before this epoch
pemNGDD-UjE-01055-00260303-00260488 the evolution of the universe could be
pemNGDD-UjE-01056-00260489-00260698 understood through linear cosmological
pemNGDD-UjE-01057-00260698-00260863 perturbation theory that is all
pemNGDD-UjE-01058-00260864-00261052 structures could be understood as small
pemNGDD-UjE-01059-00261053-00261262 deviations from a perfect homogeneous
pemNGDD-UjE-01060-00261263-00261526 universe this is computationally
pemNGDD-UjE-01061-00261527-00261780 relatively easy to study at this point
pemNGDD-UjE-01062-00261781-00261994 nonlinear structures begin to form and
pemNGDD-UjE-01063-00261994-00262213 the computational problem becomes much
pemNGDD-UjE-01064-00262214-00262447 more difficult involving for example and
pemNGDD-UjE-01065-00262448-00262632 body simulations with billions of
pemNGDD-UjE-01066-00262633-00262927 particles the bolshoi cosmological
pemNGDD-UjE-01067-00262928-00263067 simulation as a high precision
pemNGDD-UjE-01068-00263068-00263422 simulation of this era these population
pemNGDD-UjE-01069-00263423-00263662 3 stars are also responsible for turning
pemNGDD-UjE-01070-00263663-00263848 the few light elements that were formed
pemNGDD-UjE-01071-00263849-00263867 in
pemNGDD-UjE-01072-00263868-00264098 Big Bang hydrogen helium and small
pemNGDD-UjE-01073-00264099-00264278 amounts of lithium into many heavier
pemNGDD-UjE-01074-00264279-00264533 elements they can be huge as well as
pemNGDD-UjE-01075-00264534-00264746 perhaps small and nonmetallic no
pemNGDD-UjE-01076-00264747-00265022 elements except hydrogen and helium the
pemNGDD-UjE-01077-00265023-00265244 larger stars have very short lifetimes
pemNGDD-UjE-01078-00265245-00265469 compared to most main sequence stars we
pemNGDD-UjE-01079-00265470-00265541 see today
pemNGDD-UjE-01080-00265542-00265694 so they commonly finished burning their
pemNGDD-UjE-01081-00265695-00265922 hydrogen fuel and explode as supernovae
pemNGDD-UjE-01082-00265923-00266114 after mere millions of years seeding the
pemNGDD-UjE-01083-00266115-00266282 universe with heavier elements over
pemNGDD-UjE-01084-00266283-00266570 repeated generations they mark the start
pemNGDD-UjE-01085-00266571-00266873 of the stellar first star II era as yet
pemNGDD-UjE-01086-00266874-00267119 no population 3 stars have been found so
pemNGDD-UjE-01087-00267120-00267302 our understanding of them is based on
pemNGDD-UjE-01088-00267303-00267488 computational models of their formation
pemNGDD-UjE-01089-00267489-00267613 and evolution
pemNGDD-UjE-01090-00267614-00267881 fortunately observations of the cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-01091-00267882-00268088 microwave background radiation can be
pemNGDD-UjE-01092-00268089-00268307 used to date when star formation began
pemNGDD-UjE-01093-00268308-00268385 in earnest
pemNGDD-UjE-01094-00268386-00268658 analysis of such observations made by
pemNGDD-UjE-01095-00268659-00268868 the European Space Agency's Planck
pemNGDD-UjE-01096-00268869-00269129 telescope in 2016 concluded that the
pemNGDD-UjE-01097-00269130-00269387 first generation of stars formed 700
pemNGDD-UjE-01098-00269388-00269624 million years after the Big Bang quasars
pemNGDD-UjE-01099-00269625-00269801 provides some additional evidence of
pemNGDD-UjE-01100-00269802-00270044 early structure formation their light
pemNGDD-UjE-01101-00270045-00270206 shows evidence of elements such as
pemNGDD-UjE-01102-00270207-00270545 carbon magnesium iron and oxygen this is
pemNGDD-UjE-01103-00270546-00270785 evidence that by the time quasars formed
pemNGDD-UjE-01104-00270786-00270998 a massive phase of star formation had
pemNGDD-UjE-01105-00270999-00271226 already taken place including sufficient
pemNGDD-UjE-01106-00271227-00271466 generations of population 3 stars to
pemNGDD-UjE-01107-00271467-00272076 give rise to these elements
pemNGDD-UjE-01108-00272077-00272598 topic rihanna's ation
pemNGDD-UjE-01109-00272599-00272889 as the first stars dwarf galaxies and
pemNGDD-UjE-01110-00272890-00273099 quasars gradually formed the intense
pemNGDD-UjE-01111-00273100-00273339 radiation they emit realizes much of the
pemNGDD-UjE-01112-00273340-00273501 surrounding universe splitting the
pemNGDD-UjE-01113-00273502-00273681 neutral hydrogen atoms back into a
pemNGDD-UjE-01114-00273682-00273933 plasma of free electrons and protons for
pemNGDD-UjE-01115-00273934-00274122 the first time since recombination and
pemNGDD-UjE-01116-00274123-00274440 decoupling rihanna's ation as evidenced
pemNGDD-UjE-01117-00274441-00274728 from observations of quasars quasars are
pemNGDD-UjE-01118-00274729-00274929 a form of active galaxies and the most
pemNGDD-UjE-01119-00274930-00275091 luminous objects observed in the
pemNGDD-UjE-01120-00275092-00275360 universe electrons in neutral hydrogen
pemNGDD-UjE-01121-00275361-00275595 have a specific patterns of absorbing
pemNGDD-UjE-01122-00275596-00275823 photons related to electron energy
pemNGDD-UjE-01123-00275824-00276020 levels and called the Lyman series
pemNGDD-UjE-01124-00276021-00276294 ionized hydrogen does not have electron
pemNGDD-UjE-01125-00276295-00276501 energy levels of this kind therefore
pemNGDD-UjE-01126-00276502-00276714 light traveling through ionized hydrogen
pemNGDD-UjE-01127-00276715-00276930 and neutral hydrogen shows different
pemNGDD-UjE-01128-00276931-00277206 absorption lines in addition the light
pemNGDD-UjE-01129-00277207-00277383 will have traveled for billions of years
pemNGDD-UjE-01130-00277384-00277623 to reach us so any absorption by neutral
pemNGDD-UjE-01131-00277624-00277791 hydrogen will have been redshifted by
pemNGDD-UjE-01132-00277792-00277974 varied amounts rather than by one
pemNGDD-UjE-01133-00277975-00278166 specific amount indicating when it
pemNGDD-UjE-01134-00278167-00278214 happened
pemNGDD-UjE-01135-00278215-00278463 these features make it possible to study
pemNGDD-UjE-01136-00278464-00278637 the state of ionization at many
pemNGDD-UjE-01137-00278638-00278892 different times in the past they show
pemNGDD-UjE-01138-00278893-00279213 that reionization began as bubbles of
pemNGDD-UjE-01139-00279214-00279447 ionized hydrogen which became larger
pemNGDD-UjE-01140-00279448-00279659 over time they also showed that the
pemNGDD-UjE-01141-00279660-00279846 absorption was due to the general state
pemNGDD-UjE-01142-00279847-00280029 of the universe the intergalactic medium
pemNGDD-UjE-01143-00280030-00280242 and not due to passing through galaxies
pemNGDD-UjE-01144-00280243-00280539 or other dense areas rihanna's ation
pemNGDD-UjE-01145-00280540-00280746 might have started as early as z equals
pemNGDD-UjE-01146-00280747-00281084 16 250 million years of cosmic time and
pemNGDD-UjE-01147-00281085-00281340 was complete by around Z equals 9 or 10
pemNGDD-UjE-01148-00281341-00281679 500 million years the epoch of rihanna's
pemNGDD-UjE-01149-00281680-00281946 ation probably ended by around Z equals
pemNGDD-UjE-01150-00281947-00282222 5 or 6 1 billion year as the era of
pemNGDD-UjE-01151-00282223-00282492 population 3 stars and quasars and their
pemNGDD-UjE-01152-00282493-00282717 intense radiation came to an end and the
pemNGDD-UjE-01153-00282718-00282935 ionized hydrogen gradually reverted to
pemNGDD-UjE-01154-00282936-00283149 neutral atoms these observations have
pemNGDD-UjE-01155-00283150-00283323 narrowed down the period of time during
pemNGDD-UjE-01156-00283324-00283542 which rihanna's ation took place but the
pemNGDD-UjE-01157-00283543-00283685 source of the photons that caused
pemNGDD-UjE-01158-00283686-00283890 rihanna's ation is still not completely
pemNGDD-UjE-01159-00283891-00284187 certain - ionized neutral hydrogen and
pemNGDD-UjE-01160-00284188-00284459 energy larger than 13 point 6 electron
pemNGDD-UjE-01161-00284460-00284679 volts is required which corresponds to
pemNGDD-UjE-01162-00284680-00284904 ultraviolet photons with a wavelength of
pemNGDD-UjE-01163-00284905-00285132 91 point 2 nanometers are shorter
pemNGDD-UjE-01164-00285133-00285306 implying that the sources must have
pemNGDD-UjE-01165-00285307-00285456 produced significant amount of
pemNGDD-UjE-01166-00285457-00285744 ultraviolet and higher energy protons
pemNGDD-UjE-01167-00285745-00285990 and electrons will recombine if energy
pemNGDD-UjE-01168-00285991-00286178 not continuously provided to keep them
pemNGDD-UjE-01169-00286179-00286379 apart which also sets limits on how
pemNGDD-UjE-01170-00286380-00286529 numerous the sources were in their
pemNGDD-UjE-01171-00286530-00286797 longevity with these constraints it is
pemNGDD-UjE-01172-00286798-00286941 expected that quasars and
pemNGDD-UjE-01173-00286942-00287193 first-generation stars and galaxies were
pemNGDD-UjE-01174-00287194-00287352 the main sources of energy
pemNGDD-UjE-01175-00287353-00287601 the current leading candidates from most
pemNGDD-UjE-01176-00287602-00287769 to least significant are currently
pemNGDD-UjE-01177-00287770-00287991 believed to be population 3 stars
pemNGDD-UjE-01178-00287992-00288297 the earliest stars possibly 70% dwarf
pemNGDD-UjE-01179-00288298-00288525 galaxies very early small high-energy
pemNGDD-UjE-01180-00288526-00288837 galaxies possibly 30% and a contribution
pemNGDD-UjE-01181-00288838-00289074 from quasars a class of active galactic
pemNGDD-UjE-01182-00289075-00289350 nuclei however by this time matter had
pemNGDD-UjE-01183-00289351-00289527 become far more spread out due to the
pemNGDD-UjE-01184-00289528-00289705 ongoing expansion of the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-01185-00289706-00289962 although the neutral hydrogen atoms were
pemNGDD-UjE-01186-00289963-00290187 again ionized the plasma was much more
pemNGDD-UjE-01187-00290188-00290400 thin and diffuse and photons were much
pemNGDD-UjE-01188-00290401-00290654 less likely to be scattered despite
pemNGDD-UjE-01189-00290655-00290865 being realized the universe remained
pemNGDD-UjE-01190-00290866-00291069 largely transparent during rihanna's
pemNGDD-UjE-01191-00291070-00291302 ation as the universe continued to cool
pemNGDD-UjE-01192-00291303-00291537 and expand rihanna's ation gradually
pemNGDD-UjE-01193-00291538-00292054 ended
pemNGDD-UjE-01194-00292055-00292336 topic galaxies clusters and
pemNGDD-UjE-01195-00292337-00292746 superclusters
pemNGDD-UjE-01196-00292747-00292982 Mader continues to draw together under
pemNGDD-UjE-01197-00292983-00293148 the influence of gravity to form
pemNGDD-UjE-01198-00293149-00293412 galaxies the stars from this time period
pemNGDD-UjE-01199-00293413-00293691 known as population to stars are formed
pemNGDD-UjE-01200-00293692-00293874 early on in this process with more
pemNGDD-UjE-01201-00293875-00294149 recent population I stars formed later
pemNGDD-UjE-01202-00294150-00294407 gravitational attraction also gradually
pemNGDD-UjE-01203-00294408-00294608 pulls galaxies towards each other to
pemNGDD-UjE-01204-00294609-00294827 form groups clusters and superclusters
pemNGDD-UjE-01205-00294828-00295128 the Hubble Ultra Deep Field Observatory
pemNGDD-UjE-01206-00295129-00295310 has identified a number of small
pemNGDD-UjE-01207-00295311-00295554 galaxies merging to form larger ones at
pemNGDD-UjE-01208-00295555-00295722 eight hundred million years of cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-01209-00295723-00295974 time thirteen billion years ago this age
pemNGDD-UjE-01210-00295975-00296151 estimate is now believed to be slightly
pemNGDD-UjE-01211-00296152-00296397 overstated Johannes shuttle errs project
pemNGDD-UjE-01212-00296398-00296935 has identified a quasar CF HQs 1641 plus
pemNGDD-UjE-01213-00296936-00297192 3755 at twelve point seven billion
pemNGDD-UjE-01214-00297193-00297387 light-years away when the universe was
pemNGDD-UjE-01215-00297388-00297623 just seven percent of its present age on
pemNGDD-UjE-01216-00297624-00298026 July 11 2007 using the 10-meter Keck to
pemNGDD-UjE-01217-00298027-00298269 telescope on Mauna Kea Richard Ellis of
pemNGDD-UjE-01218-00298270-00298419 the California Institute of Technology
pemNGDD-UjE-01219-00298420-00298716 at Pasadena and his team found six star
pemNGDD-UjE-01220-00298717-00298926 forming galaxies about thirteen point
pemNGDD-UjE-01221-00298927-00299076 two billion light-years away and
pemNGDD-UjE-01222-00299077-00299277 therefore created when the universe was
pemNGDD-UjE-01223-00299278-00299592 only 500 million years old only about
pemNGDD-UjE-01224-00299593-00299814 ten of these extremely early objects are
pemNGDD-UjE-01225-00299815-00300063 currently known more recent observations
pemNGDD-UjE-01226-00300064-00300230 have shown these ages to be shorter than
pemNGDD-UjE-01227-00300231-00300522 previously indicated the most distant
pemNGDD-UjE-01228-00300523-00300840 galaxies observed as of October 2016 gnz
pemNGDD-UjE-01229-00300841-00301125 11 has been reported to be 32 billion
pemNGDD-UjE-01230-00301126-00301350 light years away a vast distance made
pemNGDD-UjE-01231-00301351-00301535 possible through space-time expansion
pemNGDD-UjE-01232-00301536-00301832 redshift Z equals 11 point one comoving
pemNGDD-UjE-01233-00301833-00302049 distance of 32 billion light years
pemNGDD-UjE-01234-00302050-00302250 look-back time of thirteen point four
pemNGDD-UjE-01235-00302251-00302837 billion years
pemNGDD-UjE-01236-00302838-00303310 topic current appearance of the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-01237-00303311-00303483 you
pemNGDD-UjE-01238-00303484-00303711 the universe has appeared much the same
pemNGDD-UjE-01239-00303712-00303885 as it does now for many billions of
pemNGDD-UjE-01240-00303886-00304131 years it will continue to look similar
pemNGDD-UjE-01241-00304132-00304338 for many more billions of years into the
pemNGDD-UjE-01242-00304339-00304647 future based upon the emerging science
pemNGDD-UjE-01243-00304648-00304890 of nucleo cosmic chronology the Galactic
pemNGDD-UjE-01244-00304891-00305100 thin disk of the Milky Way is estimated
pemNGDD-UjE-01245-00305101-00305331 to have been formed 8.8 plus or minus
pemNGDD-UjE-01246-00305332-00306007 1.7 billion years ago
pemNGDD-UjE-01247-00306008-00306673 topic dark energy dominated era from
pemNGDD-UjE-01248-00306674-00306863 about nine point eight billion years
pemNGDD-UjE-01249-00306864-00307091 after the Big Bang from about nine point
pemNGDD-UjE-01250-00307092-00307306 eight billion years of cosmic time the
pemNGDD-UjE-01251-00307307-00307498 universe's large-scale behavior is
pemNGDD-UjE-01252-00307499-00307678 believed to have gradually changed for
pemNGDD-UjE-01253-00307679-00307903 the third time in its history its
pemNGDD-UjE-01254-00307904-00308110 behavior had originally been dominated
pemNGDD-UjE-01255-00308111-00308359 by radiation relativistic constituents
pemNGDD-UjE-01256-00308360-00308567 such as photons and neutrinos for the
pemNGDD-UjE-01257-00308568-00308758 first forty seven thousand years and
pemNGDD-UjE-01258-00308759-00308963 since about three hundred seventy seven
pemNGDD-UjE-01259-00308964-00309148 thousand years of cosmic time its
pemNGDD-UjE-01260-00309149-00309348 behavior had been dominated by matter
pemNGDD-UjE-01261-00309349-00309610 during its matter-dominated era the
pemNGDD-UjE-01262-00309611-00309802 expansion of the universe had begun to
pemNGDD-UjE-01263-00309803-00309973 slow down as gravity reigned in the
pemNGDD-UjE-01264-00309974-00310249 initial outward expansion but from about
pemNGDD-UjE-01265-00310250-00310429 nine point eight billion years of cosmic
pemNGDD-UjE-01266-00310430-00310672 time observations showed that that the
pemNGDD-UjE-01267-00310673-00310873 expansion of the universe slowly stops
pemNGDD-UjE-01268-00310874-00311090 decelerating and gradually begins to
pemNGDD-UjE-01269-00311091-00311368 accelerate again instead while the
pemNGDD-UjE-01270-00311369-00311540 precise cause is not known the
pemNGDD-UjE-01271-00311541-00311749 observation is accepted as correct by
pemNGDD-UjE-01272-00311750-00312025 the cosmologists community by far the
pemNGDD-UjE-01273-00312026-00312223 most accepted understanding is that this
pemNGDD-UjE-01274-00312224-00312382 is due to an unknown form of energy
pemNGDD-UjE-01275-00312383-00312595 which has been given the name dark
pemNGDD-UjE-01276-00312596-00312979 energy dark in this context means that
pemNGDD-UjE-01277-00312980-00313163 it is not directly observed but can
pemNGDD-UjE-01278-00313164-00313364 currently only be studied by examining
pemNGDD-UjE-01279-00313365-00313533 the effect it has on the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-01280-00313534-00313780 research is ongoing to understand this
pemNGDD-UjE-01281-00313781-00314053 dark energy dark energy is now believed
pemNGDD-UjE-01282-00314054-00314237 to be the single largest component of
pemNGDD-UjE-01283-00314238-00314430 the universe as it constitutes about
pemNGDD-UjE-01284-00314431-00314762 68.3% of the entire mass energy of the
pemNGDD-UjE-01285-00314763-00315049 physical universe dark energy is
pemNGDD-UjE-01286-00315050-00315196 believed to act like a cosmological
pemNGDD-UjE-01287-00315197-00315445 constant a scalar field that exists
pemNGDD-UjE-01288-00315446-00315718 throughout space unlike gravity the
pemNGDD-UjE-01289-00315719-00315904 effects of such a field do not diminish
pemNGDD-UjE-01290-00315905-00316139 or only diminish slowly as the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-01291-00316140-00316408 grows while matter and gravity have a
pemNGDD-UjE-01292-00316409-00316594 greater effect initially their effect
pemNGDD-UjE-01293-00316595-00316768 quickly diminishes as the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-01294-00316769-00317039 continues to expand objects in the
pemNGDD-UjE-01295-00317040-00317218 universe which are initially seemed to
pemNGDD-UjE-01296-00317219-00317428 be moving apart as the universe expands
pemNGDD-UjE-01297-00317429-00317626 continue to move apart but their outward
pemNGDD-UjE-01298-00317627-00317926 motion gradually slows down this slowing
pemNGDD-UjE-01299-00317927-00318127 effect becomes smaller as the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-01300-00318128-00318418 becomes more spread out eventually the
pemNGDD-UjE-01301-00318419-00318607 outward and repulsive effect of dark
pemNGDD-UjE-01302-00318608-00318784 energy begins to dominate over the
pemNGDD-UjE-01303-00318785-00319051 inward pull of gravity instead of
pemNGDD-UjE-01304-00319052-00319238 slowing down and perhaps beginning to
pemNGDD-UjE-01305-00319239-00319381 move inward under the influence
pemNGDD-UjE-01306-00319382-00319568 of gravity from about nine point eight
pemNGDD-UjE-01307-00319569-00319759 billion years of cosmic time the
pemNGDD-UjE-01308-00319760-00319945 expansion of space starts to slowly
pemNGDD-UjE-01309-00319946-00320128 accelerate outward at a gradually
pemNGDD-UjE-01310-00320129-00320709 increasing rate
pemNGDD-UjE-01311-00320710-00321185 topic far-future and ultimate fate
pemNGDD-UjE-01312-00321186-00321356 you
pemNGDD-UjE-01313-00321357-00321686 the universe has existed for around 13.8
pemNGDD-UjE-01314-00321687-00321872 billion years and we believe that we
pemNGDD-UjE-01315-00321873-00322058 understand it well enough to predict its
pemNGDD-UjE-01316-00322059-00322211 large-scale development for many
pemNGDD-UjE-01317-00322212-00322352 billions of years into the future
pemNGDD-UjE-01318-00322353-00322619 perhaps as much as 100 billion years of
pemNGDD-UjE-01319-00322620-00322889 cosmic time about 86 billion years from
pemNGDD-UjE-01320-00322890-00323123 now beyond that we need to better
pemNGDD-UjE-01321-00323124-00323291 understand the universe to make any
pemNGDD-UjE-01322-00323292-00323558 accurate predictions therefore the
pemNGDD-UjE-01323-00323559-00323723 universe could follow a variety of
pemNGDD-UjE-01324-00323724-00324008 different paths beyond this time there
pemNGDD-UjE-01325-00324009-00324206 are several competing scenarios for the
pemNGDD-UjE-01326-00324207-00324386 possible long-term evolution of the
pemNGDD-UjE-01327-00324387-00324626 universe which of them will happen if
pemNGDD-UjE-01328-00324627-00324842 any depends on the precise values of
pemNGDD-UjE-01329-00324843-00325001 physical constants such as the
pemNGDD-UjE-01330-00325002-00325238 cosmological constant the possibility of
pemNGDD-UjE-01331-00325239-00325430 proton decay the energy of the vacuum
pemNGDD-UjE-01332-00325431-00325802 meaning the energy of empty space itself
pemNGDD-UjE-01333-00325803-00326009 and the natural laws beyond the standard
pemNGDD-UjE-01334-00326010-00326272 model if the expansion of the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-01335-00326273-00326507 continues and it stays in its present
pemNGDD-UjE-01336-00326508-00326699 form eventually all but the nearest
pemNGDD-UjE-01337-00326700-00326900 galaxies will be carried away from us by
pemNGDD-UjE-01338-00326901-00327056 the expansion of space at such a
pemNGDD-UjE-01339-00327057-00327224 velocity that our observable universe
pemNGDD-UjE-01340-00327225-00327376 will be limited to our own
pemNGDD-UjE-01341-00327377-00327566 gravitationally bound local galactic
pemNGDD-UjE-01342-00327567-00327890 cluster in the very long term after many
pemNGDD-UjE-01343-00327891-00328112 trillions thousands of billions of years
pemNGDD-UjE-01344-00328113-00328340 cosmic time the stelliferous era will
pemNGDD-UjE-01345-00328341-00328550 end as star ceased to be born and even
pemNGDD-UjE-01346-00328551-00328765 the longest lived stars gradually die
pemNGDD-UjE-01347-00328766-00329009 beyond this all objects in the universe
pemNGDD-UjE-01348-00329010-00329204 will cool and with the possible
pemNGDD-UjE-01349-00329205-00329444 exception of protons gradually decompose
pemNGDD-UjE-01350-00329445-00329648 back to their constituent particles and
pemNGDD-UjE-01351-00329649-00329855 then into subatomic particles and very
pemNGDD-UjE-01352-00329856-00330080 low-level photons and other fundamental
pemNGDD-UjE-01353-00330081-00330254 particles by a variety of possible
pemNGDD-UjE-01354-00330255-00330554 processes but this will take a duration
pemNGDD-UjE-01355-00330555-00330758 of time that is almost inconceivable to
pemNGDD-UjE-01356-00330759-00330955 most people compared to which the entire
pemNGDD-UjE-01357-00330956-00331217 13.8 billion years of the universe would
pemNGDD-UjE-01358-00331218-00331538 be a tiny instant in time ultimately in
pemNGDD-UjE-01359-00331539-00331721 the extreme future the following
pemNGDD-UjE-01360-00331722-00331895 scenarios have been proposed for the
pemNGDD-UjE-01361-00331896-00332171 ultimate fate of the universe in this
pemNGDD-UjE-01362-00332172-00332411 kind of extreme timescale extremely rare
pemNGDD-UjE-01363-00332412-00332615 quantum phenomena may also occur that
pemNGDD-UjE-01364-00332616-00332804 are extremely unlikely to be seen on a
pemNGDD-UjE-01365-00332805-00332990 time scale smaller than trillions of
pemNGDD-UjE-01366-00332991-00333197 years these may also lead to
pemNGDD-UjE-01367-00333198-00333401 unpredictable changes to the state of
pemNGDD-UjE-01368-00333402-00333557 the universe which would not be likely
pemNGDD-UjE-01369-00333558-00333725 to be significant on any smaller
pemNGDD-UjE-01370-00333726-00334049 timescale for example on a timescale of
pemNGDD-UjE-01371-00334050-00334241 millions of trillions of years black
pemNGDD-UjE-01372-00334242-00334439 holes might appear to evaporate almost
pemNGDD-UjE-01373-00334440-00334649 instantly uncommon quantum tunneling
pemNGDD-UjE-01374-00334650-00334735 phenomena would
pemNGDD-UjE-01375-00334736-00334922 appear to be common and quantum or other
pemNGDD-UjE-01376-00334923-00335110 phenomena so unlikely that they might
pemNGDD-UjE-01377-00335111-00335312 occur just once in a trillion years may
pemNGDD-UjE-01378-00335313-00335551 occur many times
pemNGDD-UjE-01379-00335552-00335929 equals equals see also
pf-gOAgS8_y-00000-00000156-00000388 the mod I'm going to introduce to you
pf-gOAgS8_y-00001-00000389-00000611 today is prey Thunder and heal
pf-gOAgS8_y-00002-00000612-00000839 prey Thunder and prey heal are mods that
pf-gOAgS8_y-00003-00000840-00001019 allow the player to use powerful Thunder
pf-gOAgS8_y-00004-00001019-00001324 and heal spells with designated hotkeys
pf-gOAgS8_y-00005-00001325-00001535 the mod is based on the dynamic key
pf-gOAgS8_y-00006-00001536-00001745 action framework in payload interpreter
pf-gOAgS8_y-00007-00001746-00001973 which enables the player to cast these
pf-gOAgS8_y-00008-00001973-00002171 spells by pressing the left shift in Q
pf-gOAgS8_y-00009-00002172-00002399 keys for Thunder and left shift and E
pf-gOAgS8_y-00010-00002400-00002675 keys for heal one of the most noticeable
pf-gOAgS8_y-00011-00002676-00002849 features of the mod is the use of
pf-gOAgS8_y-00012-00002850-00003221 different animations for each spell
pf-gOAgS8_y-00013-00003222-00003461 Thunder uses hand gestures to cast the
pf-gOAgS8_y-00014-00003461-00003563 spell
pf-gOAgS8_y-00015-00003564-00003790 while heel uses animations of the player
pf-gOAgS8_y-00016-00003792-00004013 placing their hand on their chest
pf-gOAgS8_y-00017-00004014-00004235 this adds to the immersion and enhances
pf-gOAgS8_y-00018-00004236-00004445 the overall experience of using these
pf-gOAgS8_y-00019-00004446-00004547 spells
pf-gOAgS8_y-00020-00004548-00004811 additionally both spells only work when
pf-gOAgS8_y-00021-00004812-00005081 the player's Magicka is at least 70.
pf-gOAgS8_y-00022-00005082-00005285 this design Choice was made to prevent
pf-gOAgS8_y-00023-00005286-00005536 indiscriminate abuse of magic and only
pf-gOAgS8_y-00024-00005537-00005777 animations are activated when Magicka is
pf-gOAgS8_y-00025-00005778-00006106 below 70. when casting Thunder it can
pf-gOAgS8_y-00026-00006107-00006365 also damage nearby enemies making it a
pf-gOAgS8_y-00027-00006366-00006514 convenient way to deal with multiple
pf-gOAgS8_y-00028-00006515-00006748 enemies at once due to its chain damage
pf-gOAgS8_y-00029-00006750-00006856 effect
pf-gOAgS8_y-00030-00006858-00007114 moreover the heel spell can restore the
pf-gOAgS8_y-00031-00007115-00007264 player's Health as well as nearby
pf-gOAgS8_y-00032-00007265-00007534 followers Health by 80 points making it
pf-gOAgS8_y-00033-00007536-00007703 an excellent way to manage the party's
pf-gOAgS8_y-00034-00007704-00007942 Health if you are the leader of a group
pf-gOAgS8_y-00035-00007943-00008153 pray Thunder and prey heal are great
pf-gOAgS8_y-00036-00008154-00008351 mods that add new spells and mechanics
pf-gOAgS8_y-00037-00008352-00008603 to Skyrim making it a more immersive and
pf-gOAgS8_y-00038-00008604-00008795 enjoyable experience for players who
pf-gOAgS8_y-00039-00008796-00008963 want to experiment with different play
pf-gOAgS8_y-00040-00008964-00009064 styles
pf-gOAgS8_y-00041-00009065-00009323 however this magic cannot be activated
pf-gOAgS8_y-00042-00009324-00009556 while armed so you have to press the
pf-gOAgS8_y-00043-00009557-00009977 hotkey while unarmed
pf-gOAgS8_y-00044-00009978-00010199 this concludes the introduction to prey
pf-gOAgS8_y-00045-00010200-00010433 Thunder and heal mod thank you for
pf-gOAgS8_y-00046-00010434-00010621 watching the video Until the End
pf-gOAgS8_y-00047-00010622-00010853 subscriptions and likes are very helpful
pf-gOAgS8_y-00048-00010854-00011135 for channel growth see you next time
pf-gOAgS8_y-00049-00011136-00012264 [Music]
ph--7DczCBg-00000-00000027-00001491 [Music]
ph--7DczCBg-00002-00006174-00007359 [Music]
ph--7DczCBg-00003-00007359-00008639 uh
ph--7DczCBg-00004-00008640-00010238 um
ph--7DczCBg-00005-00010239-00012951 um
ph--7DczCBg-00006-00012952-00013062 yes
ph--7DczCBg-00007-00013063-00014280 [Music]
phZlPclWSHo-00000-00000215-00000543 san antonio is one of the 142 barangays
phZlPclWSHo-00001-00000544-00001119 of quezon city metro manila philippines
phZlPclWSHo-00002-00001120-00001574 area and location
phZlPclWSHo-00003-00001575-00001798 san antonio is bounded by the daario
phZlPclWSHo-00004-00001800-00002023 river in the east judge juan luna street
phZlPclWSHo-00005-00002023-00002223 in the west pat senator and baylor
phZlPclWSHo-00006-00002224-00002375 streets in the south and the howling
phZlPclWSHo-00007-00002376-00002518 creek in the north
phZlPclWSHo-00008-00002519-00002726 it is a part of the san francisco del
phZlPclWSHo-00009-00002727-00003039 monte district in quezon city nearby
phZlPclWSHo-00010-00003040-00003263 barangays are veterans village bahay
phZlPclWSHo-00011-00003264-00003543 toro bungid katipunan del monte and
phZlPclWSHo-00012-00003544-00003815 paltak
phZlPclWSHo-00013-00003815-00004343 san francisco del monte
phZlPclWSHo-00014-00004344-00004543 san antonio is a part of the san
phZlPclWSHo-00015-00004544-00004791 francisco del monte area
phZlPclWSHo-00016-00004792-00005038 san francisco del monte was founded on
phZlPclWSHo-00017-00005039-00005375 february 17 1590. it was meant to be a
phZlPclWSHo-00018-00005376-00005543 place for retreat for residents in
phZlPclWSHo-00019-00005544-00005727 intramurals in manila
phZlPclWSHo-00020-00005728-00005967 the street's old name retiro now called
phZlPclWSHo-00021-00005968-00006270 ns amaronto senior avenue came from the
phZlPclWSHo-00022-00006271-00006575 word retiro meaning retreat
phZlPclWSHo-00023-00006576-00006775 because it offers a place of solitude
phZlPclWSHo-00024-00006776-00007055 nestled atop a hill to many retreatants
phZlPclWSHo-00025-00007056-00007295 the church located in san francisco del
phZlPclWSHo-00026-00007295-00007583 monte was the first building in the area
phZlPclWSHo-00027-00007584-00007798 it is named after its benevolent spanish
phZlPclWSHo-00028-00007800-00008014 friar and founder saint francis of
phZlPclWSHo-00029-00008015-00008278 assisi
phZlPclWSHo-00030-00008279-00008463 it was an independent town during the
phZlPclWSHo-00031-00008464-00008742 spanish era that had an area of 250
phZlPclWSHo-00032-00008743-00009006 acres 1.0 square kilometres of land
phZlPclWSHo-00033-00009007-00009246 filled with wildlife and trees
phZlPclWSHo-00034-00009247-00009463 it was later absorbed by khaesan city
phZlPclWSHo-00035-00009464-00009678 when it was created today it is a
phZlPclWSHo-00036-00009679-00009910 heavily populated district although it
phZlPclWSHo-00037-00009911-00010151 contains many residential areas such as
phZlPclWSHo-00038-00010152-00010383 barangay san antonio there are many
phZlPclWSHo-00039-00010384-00010606 industrial facilities here mostly found
phZlPclWSHo-00040-00010607-00010831 along juan luna street
phZlPclWSHo-00041-00010832-00011046 the two main intersections of this area
phZlPclWSHo-00042-00011047-00011255 are roosevelt avenue and del monte
phZlPclWSHo-00043-00011256-00011503 avenue
phZlPclWSHo-00044-00011504-00011783 originally around 2.5 square kilometers
phZlPclWSHo-00045-00011784-00012070 in area it extended beyond project 7 and
phZlPclWSHo-00046-00012071-00012374 8 all the way out to timig avenue area
phZlPclWSHo-00047-00012375-00012606 currently it is composed of brigit
phZlPclWSHo-00048-00012607-00012935 pareso san antonio paultalk massembong
phZlPclWSHo-00049-00012936-00013279 damayan and del monte
phZlPclWSHo-00050-00013280-00013447 former residents include the late
phZlPclWSHo-00051-00013447-00013694 filipino actor fernando poe jr whose
phZlPclWSHo-00052-00013695-00013911 ancestral home can still be found along
phZlPclWSHo-00053-00013912-00014222 roosevelt avenue
phZlPclWSHo-00054-00014223-00014622 patron saint
phZlPclWSHo-00055-00014623-00014903 the patron saint of barangay san antonio
phZlPclWSHo-00056-00014904-00015127 is anthony of padua whose feast day the
phZlPclWSHo-00057-00015128-00015375 entire community celebrates every 13th
phZlPclWSHo-00058-00015376-00015727 of june
phZlPclWSHo-00059-00015728-00016127 demography
phZlPclWSHo-00060-00016128-00016399 as of the 2007 census of the national
phZlPclWSHo-00061-00016400-00016591 statistics office philippines the
phZlPclWSHo-00062-00016592-00016855 population of barangay san antonio is
phZlPclWSHo-00063-00016856-00017399 24006
phZlPclWSHo-00064-00017400-00017814 peace and order
phZlPclWSHo-00065-00017815-00018030 barangay san antonio used to be
phZlPclWSHo-00066-00018031-00018247 notorious in regard its management in
phZlPclWSHo-00067-00018248-00018479 its peace and order situation
phZlPclWSHo-00068-00018480-00018703 currently the entireties of the barangay
phZlPclWSHo-00069-00018704-00018855 are surrounded by
phZlPclWSHo-00070-00018856-00019047 barangay tanits
phZlPclWSHo-00071-00019048-00019247 who patrol the jurisdiction against any
phZlPclWSHo-00072-00019248-00019671 form of criminality
phZlPclWSHo-00073-00019672-00020111 basic services
phZlPclWSHo-00074-00020112-00020335 the newly elected barangay officials
phZlPclWSHo-00075-00020336-00020591 headed by punong barangay nestor baroya
phZlPclWSHo-00076-00020592-00020775 has appropriated for the purchase of a
phZlPclWSHo-00077-00020776-00020991 barangay fire truck in order to be the
phZlPclWSHo-00078-00020992-00021191 first line of defense when a disaster
phZlPclWSHo-00079-00021192-00021414 such as a fire arises
phZlPclWSHo-00080-00021415-00021678 this move included barangay san antonio
phZlPclWSHo-00081-00021679-00021847 as one of the few barangays in the
phZlPclWSHo-00082-00021848-00022039 country to have a very own responsive
phZlPclWSHo-00083-00022040-00022255 barangay fire truck that would protect
phZlPclWSHo-00084-00022256-00022414 and save the lives and properties of
phZlPclWSHo-00085-00022415-00022814 their constituents
phZlPclWSHo-00086-00022815-00023094 barangay and sangguniang kabataan
phZlPclWSHo-00087-00023095-00023503 officials
phZlPclWSHo-00088-00023504-00024039 list of punong barangay
phZlPclWSHo-00089-00024040-00024494 of sangguniang barangay
phZlPclWSHo-00090-00024495-00024678 the current barangay captain the
phZlPclWSHo-00091-00024679-00024919 barangay kagawads and sk council were
phZlPclWSHo-00092-00024920-00025486 elected on october 28 2013
phZlPclWSHo-00093-00025487-00026078 typhoon andoy typhoon ketsana
phZlPclWSHo-00094-00026079-00026302 barangay san antonio was one of the
phZlPclWSHo-00095-00026304-00026543 hardest hit barangay in quezon city by
phZlPclWSHo-00096-00026544-00026711 typhoon andoy
phZlPclWSHo-00097-00026712-00026918 the level of flood waters from howling
phZlPclWSHo-00098-00026919-00027111 creek and a nearby stream reached as
phZlPclWSHo-00099-00027112-00027335 high as 30 feet especially in the areas
phZlPclWSHo-00100-00027336-00027574 such as west riverside street santiago
phZlPclWSHo-00101-00027575-00027774 street guerrero street and fernandez
phZlPclWSHo-00102-00027775-00027895 streets
phZlPclWSHo-00103-00027895-00028102 many houses were destroyed by raging
phZlPclWSHo-00104-00028104-00028295 flood waters and countless properties
phZlPclWSHo-00105-00028295-00028423 were damaged
phZlPclWSHo-00106-00028424-00028655 the barangay council temporarily used
phZlPclWSHo-00107-00028656-00028887 the barangay covered court in san jose
phZlPclWSHo-00108-00028888-00029055 street as well as the sinigtala
phZlPclWSHo-00109-00029056-00029351 elementary school as evacuation area
phZlPclWSHo-00110-00029352-00029623 massive relief operation for almost 2000
phZlPclWSHo-00111-00029624-00029814 affected families were launched in order
phZlPclWSHo-00112-00029816-00030031 to help the victims of the flooding
phZlPclWSHo-00113-00030032-00030246 one drowning casualty was recorded
phZlPclWSHo-00114-00030247-00030646 reported
phZlPclWSHo-00115-00030647-00031183 references
phZlPclWSHo-00116-00031183-00031391 you
pi5_CZfMTIk-00000-00000048-00000263 the organization of Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00001-00000264-00000484 nationalists Oh UN Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00002-00000484-00000730 organisation Ukraine scheme nationalists
pi5_CZfMTIk-00003-00000731-00000956 devout or Hannah Zakia Ukraine's Aqib
pi5_CZfMTIk-00004-00000957-00001136 nationalists if was a Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00005-00001137-00001331 nationalist political organization
pi5_CZfMTIk-00006-00001332-00001625 established in 1929 in Vienna it first
pi5_CZfMTIk-00007-00001626-00001838 operated in Eastern Galicia at the time
pi5_CZfMTIk-00008-00001839-00002147 part of interwar Poland the oun emerged
pi5_CZfMTIk-00009-00002148-00002315 as a union between the Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00010-00002316-00002576 military organization smaller radical
pi5_CZfMTIk-00011-00002577-00002705 right-wing groups and right-wing
pi5_CZfMTIk-00012-00002706-00002951 Ukrainian nationalists and intellectuals
pi5_CZfMTIk-00013-00002952-00003188 represented by Dimetrodon Sauve yevon
pi5_CZfMTIk-00014-00003189-00003419 kkona valets Nikolas Saint svorski and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00015-00003420-00003611 other figures the oun sought to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00016-00003611-00003797 infiltrate legal political parties
pi5_CZfMTIk-00017-00003797-00003983 universities and other political
pi5_CZfMTIk-00018-00003984-00004198 structures and institutions as
pi5_CZfMTIk-00019-00004199-00004472 revolutionary ultra-nationalists the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00020-00004473-00004640 have been characterized by most
pi5_CZfMTIk-00021-00004641-00004979 historians as fascist Oh UN strategies
pi5_CZfMTIk-00022-00004980-00005116 to achieve Ukrainian independence
pi5_CZfMTIk-00023-00005117-00005387 included violence and terrorism against
pi5_CZfMTIk-00024-00005388-00005591 perceived foreign and domestic enemies
pi5_CZfMTIk-00025-00005592-00005846 particularly Poland Czechoslovakia and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00026-00005847-00006068 Russia in 1940 the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00027-00006069-00006350 split into two parts the older more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00028-00006351-00006574 moderate members supported Andriy Melnik
pi5_CZfMTIk-00029-00006575-00006781 and the oun M while the younger and more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00030-00006782-00006980 radical members supported Stepan Bandera
pi5_CZfMTIk-00031-00006981-00007319 so UNB after the start of the axis
pi5_CZfMTIk-00032-00007320-00007583 invasion of the Soviet Union on the 22nd
pi5_CZfMTIk-00033-00007584-00007883 of June 1941 Operation Barbarossa
pi5_CZfMTIk-00034-00007884-00008119 the oun be in the person of Yaroslav
pi5_CZfMTIk-00035-00008120-00008309 Stetz co declared an independent
pi5_CZfMTIk-00036-00008310-00008599 ukrainian state on the 30th of june 1941
pi5_CZfMTIk-00037-00008600-00008824 and occupied La Vie while the region was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00038-00008825-00009042 under the control of Nazi Germany in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00039-00009043-00009323 response the Nazi authorities suppressed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00040-00009324-00009719 the oun leadership in October 1942 the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00041-00009720-00009934 oun be established the Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00042-00009935-00010024 insurgent army
pi5_CZfMTIk-00043-00010025-00010355 oopah to preempt future polish efforts
pi5_CZfMTIk-00044-00010356-00010534 at re-establishing Poland's pre-war
pi5_CZfMTIk-00045-00010535-00010945 borders in 1943 1944 the military units
pi5_CZfMTIk-00046-00010946-00011152 carried out large-scale ethnic cleansing
pi5_CZfMTIk-00047-00011153-00011410 against Polish people historians
pi5_CZfMTIk-00048-00011411-00011674 estimate that 100,000 polish civilians
pi5_CZfMTIk-00049-00011675-00011902 were massacred in Bohemia in Eastern
pi5_CZfMTIk-00050-00011903-00012130 Galicia after world war ii the oopah
pi5_CZfMTIk-00051-00012131-00012280 fought against Soviet and polish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00052-00012281-00012569 government forces during Operation
pi5_CZfMTIk-00053-00012570-00012835 Vistula in 1947 the Polish government
pi5_CZfMTIk-00054-00012836-00013180 deported 140,000 ukrainian civilians in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00055-00013181-00013369 poland to remove the support base for
pi5_CZfMTIk-00056-00013370-00013382 the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00057-00013383-00013631 oopah in the struggle soviet forces
pi5_CZfMTIk-00058-00013632-00013955 killed arrested or deported over 500,000
pi5_CZfMTIk-00059-00013956-00014204 ukrainian civilians many of those
pi5_CZfMTIk-00060-00014205-00014422 targeted by the soviets included oopah
pi5_CZfMTIk-00061-00014424-00014618 members their families and supporters
pi5_CZfMTIk-00062-00014619-00014801 during the Cold War Western intelligence
pi5_CZfMTIk-00063-00014802-00015091 agencies including the CIA Coverley
pi5_CZfMTIk-00064-00015093-00015212 supported the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00065-00015213-00015410 a number of contemporary far-right
pi5_CZfMTIk-00066-00015411-00015611 Ukrainian political organizations
pi5_CZfMTIk-00067-00015612-00015794 claimed to be inheritors of the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00068-00015794-00016049 political traditions including Svoboda
pi5_CZfMTIk-00069-00016050-00016268 the Ukrainian National Assembly and the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00070-00016269-00016544 Congress of Ukrainian nationalists the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00071-00016545-00016778 role of the oun remains contested in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00072-00016779-00016991 historiography as these later political
pi5_CZfMTIk-00073-00016992-00017168 inheritors developed a literature
pi5_CZfMTIk-00074-00017169-00017372 denying the organization's fascist
pi5_CZfMTIk-00075-00017373-00017573 political heritage in collaboration with
pi5_CZfMTIk-00076-00017574-00017813 Nazi Germany while also celebrating the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00077-00017814-00018128 waffen-ss collision on the other hand
pi5_CZfMTIk-00078-00018129-00018323 some scholars argue that political
pi5_CZfMTIk-00079-00018324-00018503 opponents emphasized the far right or
pi5_CZfMTIk-00080-00018504-00018749 extreme right aspects of modern oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00081-00018750-00019447 descendants for electoral purposes
pi5_CZfMTIk-00082-00019448-00019947 topic history
pi5_CZfMTIk-00083-00019948-00020285 you
pi5_CZfMTIk-00084-00020286-00020867 topic background in creation
pi5_CZfMTIk-00085-00020868-00021139 in 1919 with the end of the polish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00086-00021140-00021386 Ukrainian war the second polish Republic
pi5_CZfMTIk-00087-00021387-00021583 took over most of the territory claimed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00088-00021584-00021800 by the West Ukrainian national Republic
pi5_CZfMTIk-00089-00021801-00021958 one year later
pi5_CZfMTIk-00090-00021959-00022189 exiled Ukrainian officers set up the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00091-00022190-00022381 Ukrainian military organization
pi5_CZfMTIk-00092-00022382-00022619 Ukrainian Ukraine's kvitko to organize
pi5_CZfMTIk-00093-00022620-00022874 Asia Ukraine's acabas gova or Hanna's
pi5_CZfMTIk-00094-00022875-00023103 axia the UVO an underground military
pi5_CZfMTIk-00095-00023104-00023336 organization composed of ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00096-00023337-00023513 veterans with the goals of continuing
pi5_CZfMTIk-00097-00023514-00023689 the armed struggle against poland of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00098-00023690-00023905 destabilizing the political situation
pi5_CZfMTIk-00099-00023906-00024100 and of preparing disarmed veterans for
pi5_CZfMTIk-00100-00024101-00024364 an anti polish uprising the UVO was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00101-00024365-00024580 strictly a military organization with a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00102-00024581-00024842 military command structure originally
pi5_CZfMTIk-00103-00024843-00025075 the UVO operated under the authority of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00104-00025076-00025258 the exiled government of the Western
pi5_CZfMTIk-00105-00025259-00025550 Ukrainian People's Republic but in 1925
pi5_CZfMTIk-00106-00025551-00025724 following a power struggle all the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00107-00025725-00025915 supporters of the Western Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00108-00025916-00026102 people's republics exiled president
pi5_CZfMTIk-00109-00026102-00026336 yeven patrushev each were expelled yeven
pi5_CZfMTIk-00110-00026337-00026539 kkona valets the former commander of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00111-00026541-00026708 elite sich riflemen unit of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00112-00026708-00027005 ukrainian military led the UVO West
pi5_CZfMTIk-00113-00027006-00027218 Ukrainian political parties secretly
pi5_CZfMTIk-00114-00027219-00027427 funded the organization although it
pi5_CZfMTIk-00115-00027428-00027629 engaged in acts of sabotage and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00116-00027630-00027800 attempted to assassinate the polish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00117-00027801-00028100 chief of state Jozef Pilsudski in 1921
pi5_CZfMTIk-00118-00028101-00028264 it functioned more as a military
pi5_CZfMTIk-00119-00028266-00028427 protective group rather than as a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00120-00028427-00028771 terrorist underground when in 1923 the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00121-00028772-00028982 Allies recognized polish rule over
pi5_CZfMTIk-00122-00028983-00029180 Western Ukraine many members left the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00123-00029181-00029483 organization the legal Ukrainian parties
pi5_CZfMTIk-00124-00029483-00029668 turned against the UV ohs militant
pi5_CZfMTIk-00125-00029669-00029849 actions preferring to work within the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00126-00029850-00030139 polish political system as a result the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00127-00030140-00030364 UVO turned to germany in lithuania for
pi5_CZfMTIk-00128-00030365-00030623 political and financial support it
pi5_CZfMTIk-00129-00030624-00030812 established contact with militant
pi5_CZfMTIk-00130-00030813-00031052 anti-polish student organizations such
pi5_CZfMTIk-00131-00031052-00031250 as the group of ukrainian national youth
pi5_CZfMTIk-00132-00031251-00031454 the League of Ukrainian nationalists and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00133-00031455-00031671 the union of Ukrainian nationalist youth
pi5_CZfMTIk-00134-00031672-00031957 after preliminary meetings in Berlin in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00135-00031958-00032312 1927 and Prague in 1928 at the founding
pi5_CZfMTIk-00136-00032313-00032587 Congress in Vienna in 1929 the veterans
pi5_CZfMTIk-00137-00032588-00032780 of the UVO and the student militants met
pi5_CZfMTIk-00138-00032781-00032977 and United to form the organization of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00139-00032978-00033233 Ukrainian nationalists although the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00140-00033234-00033461 members consisted mostly of Galician use
pi5_CZfMTIk-00141-00033462-00033662 yeven kkona valets served as its first
pi5_CZfMTIk-00142-00033663-00033875 leader in its leadership council the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00143-00033876-00034108 provid comprised mostly veterans and was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00144-00034109-00034341 based abroad
pi5_CZfMTIk-00145-00034342-00034664 you
pi5_CZfMTIk-00146-00034665-00035232 topic free war activities
pi5_CZfMTIk-00147-00035233-00035489 at the time of its founding the oun was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00148-00035490-00035702 originally a fringe movement in Western
pi5_CZfMTIk-00149-00035703-00035886 Ukraine where the political scene was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00150-00035887-00036083 dominated by the mainstream and moderate
pi5_CZfMTIk-00151-00036084-00036267 Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance
pi5_CZfMTIk-00152-00036268-00036633 undo this party promoted constitutional
pi5_CZfMTIk-00153-00036634-00036774 democracy and sought to achieve
pi5_CZfMTIk-00154-00036775-00037083 independence through peaceful means undo
pi5_CZfMTIk-00155-00037084-00037296 was supported by the Ukrainian clergy
pi5_CZfMTIk-00156-00037297-00037502 intelligentsia and the traditional
pi5_CZfMTIk-00157-00037503-00037677 establishment and published the main
pi5_CZfMTIk-00158-00037678-00037886 Western Ukrainian newspaper Dillo
pi5_CZfMTIk-00159-00037887-00038274 in contrast the oun accepted violence as
pi5_CZfMTIk-00160-00038275-00038471 a political tool against foreign and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00161-00038472-00038751 domestic enemies of their cause most of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00162-00038752-00038970 its activity was directed against polish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00163-00038971-00039108 politicians and government
pi5_CZfMTIk-00164-00039109-00039368 representatives under the command of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00165-00039369-00039605 Western Ukrainian territorial Executive
pi5_CZfMTIk-00166-00039606-00039908 established February 1929 the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00167-00039909-00040139 carried out hundreds of acts of sabotage
pi5_CZfMTIk-00168-00040140-00040370 in Galicia and Volhynia including a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00169-00040371-00040554 campaign of arson against Polish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00170-00040555-00040787 landowners which helped provoke the 1930
pi5_CZfMTIk-00171-00040788-00041021 pacification boycotts of state schools
pi5_CZfMTIk-00172-00041022-00041249 and polish tobacco and liquor monopolies
pi5_CZfMTIk-00173-00041250-00041474 dozens of expropriation attacks on
pi5_CZfMTIk-00174-00041475-00041682 government institutions to obtain funds
pi5_CZfMTIk-00175-00041683-00041890 for its activities and assassinations
pi5_CZfMTIk-00176-00041891-00042365 from 1921 to 1939 UVO and oun carried
pi5_CZfMTIk-00177-00042366-00042639 out 63 known assassinations 36
pi5_CZfMTIk-00178-00042640-00042914 Ukrainians among them one communist 25
pi5_CZfMTIk-00179-00042915-00043205 poles one Russian and one Jew this
pi5_CZfMTIk-00180-00043206-00043389 number is likely an underestimate
pi5_CZfMTIk-00181-00043390-00043548 because there were likely unrecorded
pi5_CZfMTIk-00182-00043549-00043854 killing in rural regions some of the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00183-00043855-00044111 s victims included tattoos holloko a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00184-00044112-00044324 Polish promoter of Ukrainian Polish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00185-00044325-00044568 compromise emelian Tchaikovsky luaus
pi5_CZfMTIk-00186-00044569-00044793 polish police commissioner elects a male
pi5_CZfMTIk-00187-00044794-00045039 of a Soviet consular official killed in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00188-00045040-00045255 retaliation for the Holodomor and most
pi5_CZfMTIk-00189-00045256-00045492 notably Bronislaw P raki the Polish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00190-00045493-00045812 interior minister the oun also killed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00191-00045813-00046008 moderate Ukrainian figures such as the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00192-00046009-00046226 respected teacher and former officer of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00193-00046227-00046421 the military of the West Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00194-00046422-00046724 People's Republic Ivan Babbage most of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00195-00046725-00046914 these killings were organized locally
pi5_CZfMTIk-00196-00046915-00047087 and occurred without the authorization
pi5_CZfMTIk-00197-00047088-00047298 or knowledge of the oun emigres leaders
pi5_CZfMTIk-00198-00047299-00047615 abroad in 1930 oh you n members
pi5_CZfMTIk-00199-00047616-00047783 assaulted the head of the ship chenko
pi5_CZfMTIk-00200-00047784-00048032 scientific society Kiril studying ski in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00201-00048033-00048296 his office such acts were condemned by
pi5_CZfMTIk-00202-00048297-00048452 the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic
pi5_CZfMTIk-00203-00048453-00048606 Church Metro
pi5_CZfMTIk-00204-00048607-00048831 and Reshevsky who was particularly
pi5_CZfMTIk-00205-00048832-00049056 critical of the Oh UN's leadership in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00206-00049057-00049254 exile who inspired acts of youthful
pi5_CZfMTIk-00207-00049255-00049461 violence writing that they were using
pi5_CZfMTIk-00208-00049462-00049671 our children to kill their parents and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00209-00049672-00049989 that whoever demoralizes our youth as a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00210-00049990-00050255 criminal and an enemy of the people as
pi5_CZfMTIk-00211-00050256-00050544 polish persecution of Ukrainians during
pi5_CZfMTIk-00212-00050545-00050739 the interwar period increased many
pi5_CZfMTIk-00213-00050740-00050958 Ukrainians particularly the youth many
pi5_CZfMTIk-00214-00050959-00051141 of whom felt they had no future lost
pi5_CZfMTIk-00215-00051142-00051365 faith in traditional legal approaches in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00216-00051366-00051515 their elders and in the Western
pi5_CZfMTIk-00217-00051516-00051680 democracies who were seen as turning
pi5_CZfMTIk-00218-00051682-00051810 their backs on Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00219-00051811-00052035 this period of disillusionment coincided
pi5_CZfMTIk-00220-00052036-00052229 with the increase in support for the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00221-00052229-00052485 by the beginning of the Second World War
pi5_CZfMTIk-00222-00052486-00052779 the oun was estimated to have 20,000
pi5_CZfMTIk-00223-00052779-00052955 active members and many times that
pi5_CZfMTIk-00224-00052957-00053204 number in sympathizers many bright
pi5_CZfMTIk-00225-00053205-00053376 students such as the talented young
pi5_CZfMTIk-00226-00053377-00053619 poets Bowden crafts Savannah Lana - leha
pi5_CZfMTIk-00227-00053620-00053879 executed by the Nazis at babi yar were
pi5_CZfMTIk-00228-00053880-00054096 attracted to the O UN's revolutionary
pi5_CZfMTIk-00229-00054097-00054279 message as a means to gain independence
pi5_CZfMTIk-00230-00054279-00054522 from Polish and Soviet oppression before
pi5_CZfMTIk-00231-00054523-00054765 world war ii the öyou and accepted
pi5_CZfMTIk-00232-00054766-00054978 material and moral support from Nazi
pi5_CZfMTIk-00233-00054979-00055200 Germany the Germans meeting Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00234-00055201-00055401 assistance against the Soviet Union were
pi5_CZfMTIk-00235-00055402-00055536 expected by the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00236-00055537-00055695 to further the goal of Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00237-00055696-00055947 independence although some elements of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00238-00055948-00056141 the German military were inclined to do
pi5_CZfMTIk-00239-00056142-00056337 so they were ultimately overruled by
pi5_CZfMTIk-00240-00056338-00056511 Adolf Hitler and his political
pi5_CZfMTIk-00241-00056512-00056709 organization whose racial prejudice
pi5_CZfMTIk-00242-00056710-00056871 against the Ukrainians precluded
pi5_CZfMTIk-00243-00056872-00057416 cooperation
pi5_CZfMTIk-00244-00057417-00057999 topic split in the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00245-00058000-00058254 tensions between young radical Galician
pi5_CZfMTIk-00246-00058254-00058451 students and the older military veteran
pi5_CZfMTIk-00247-00058452-00058661 leadership based abroad existed within
pi5_CZfMTIk-00248-00058662-00058919 the oun from the beginning the older
pi5_CZfMTIk-00249-00058920-00059117 generation had the experience of growing
pi5_CZfMTIk-00250-00059118-00059334 up in a stable society and of having
pi5_CZfMTIk-00251-00059335-00059549 fought for Ukraine in regular armies the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00252-00059550-00059732 younger generation perceived polish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00253-00059733-00059918 repression and an underground struggle
pi5_CZfMTIk-00254-00059919-00060176 the leadership abroad or province
pi5_CZfMTIk-00255-00060177-00060321 thought of itself as an unapproachable
pi5_CZfMTIk-00256-00060322-00060654 elite most of the provid such as general
pi5_CZfMTIk-00257-00060654-00060849 michael a Kapusta insky referred to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00258-00060850-00061049 themselves using their military titles
pi5_CZfMTIk-00259-00061050-00061209 acquired during the war which the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00260-00061210-00061365 youthful members could never attain
pi5_CZfMTIk-00261-00061366-00061607 the older faction was also more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00262-00061608-00061805 politically moderate and adhered to an
pi5_CZfMTIk-00263-00061806-00062012 officer's code of honor and standards of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00264-00062013-00062201 military discipline that prevented them
pi5_CZfMTIk-00265-00062202-00062381 from fully following the belief that any
pi5_CZfMTIk-00266-00062382-00062553 means could be used to achieve the goal
pi5_CZfMTIk-00267-00062554-00062867 in contrast the younger faction was more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00268-00062868-00063179 impulsive violent and ruthless the older
pi5_CZfMTIk-00269-00063180-00063419 leaders living in exile admired aspects
pi5_CZfMTIk-00270-00063420-00063621 of Benito Mussolini's fascism but
pi5_CZfMTIk-00271-00063622-00063812 condemned Nazism while the younger more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00272-00063813-00064001 radical members based within Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00273-00064002-00064224 admired fascist ideas and methods as
pi5_CZfMTIk-00274-00064225-00064517 practiced by the Nazis despite these
pi5_CZfMTIk-00275-00064518-00064740 differences the au UN's leader yeven
pi5_CZfMTIk-00276-00064741-00064925 Cunha valets thanks to his considerable
pi5_CZfMTIk-00277-00064926-00065162 political skill and reputation was able
pi5_CZfMTIk-00278-00065163-00065340 to command enough respect to maintain
pi5_CZfMTIk-00279-00065341-00065523 unity between both groups within the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00280-00065524-00065766 organization this was shattered when
pi5_CZfMTIk-00281-00065767-00065957 kkona valets was assassinated by a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00282-00065958-00066179 Soviet agent pavel sudoplatov in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00283-00066180-00066410 rotterdam in may 1938
pi5_CZfMTIk-00284-00066411-00066704 Andriy Melnik a 48 year old former
pi5_CZfMTIk-00285-00066705-00066893 colonel in the army of the ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00286-00066894-00067053 people's republic and one of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00287-00067054-00067224 founders of the ukrainian military
pi5_CZfMTIk-00288-00067225-00067446 organization was chosen to lead the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00289-00067447-00067631 despite not having been involved in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00290-00067632-00067815 political or terrorist activities
pi5_CZfMTIk-00291-00067816-00067975 throughout the 1930s
pi5_CZfMTIk-00292-00067976-00068219 Melnik was more friendly to the church
pi5_CZfMTIk-00293-00068220-00068429 than were any of his associates the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00294-00068430-00068663 was generally anti-clerical and had even
pi5_CZfMTIk-00295-00068664-00068835 became the chairman of a ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00296-00068836-00069021 catholic youth organization that was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00297-00069022-00069281 regarded as anti-nationalist by many oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00298-00069282-00069342 members
pi5_CZfMTIk-00299-00069343-00069593 his choice was seen as an attempt by the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00300-00069594-00069767 leadership to repair ties with the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00301-00069768-00069968 church and to become more pragmatic and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00302-00069969-00070229 moderate however this direction was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00303-00070230-00070400 opposite to the trend within Western
pi5_CZfMTIk-00304-00070401-00070724 Ukraine itself the Galician use formed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00305-00070725-00070931 the majority of the membership due to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00306-00070932-00071124 their presence in Western Ukraine rather
pi5_CZfMTIk-00307-00071125-00071318 than in exile abroad they faced the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00308-00071319-00071391 danger of a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00309-00071392-00071640 in imprisonment yet they were shut out
pi5_CZfMTIk-00310-00071641-00071861 of the leadership after failing to come
pi5_CZfMTIk-00311-00071862-00072029 to an agreement with their elder leaders
pi5_CZfMTIk-00312-00072030-00072284 in the province in August 1940 they held
pi5_CZfMTIk-00313-00072285-00072476 their own Leadership Conference choosing
pi5_CZfMTIk-00314-00072477-00072678 stepan bandera who is an iron willed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00315-00072679-00072887 extremist conspirator was in many ways
pi5_CZfMTIk-00316-00072888-00073094 the opposite of the cautious moderate
pi5_CZfMTIk-00317-00073095-00073353 and dignified Melnik on the eve of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00318-00073354-00073568 German invasion of the Soviet Union the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00319-00073569-00073823 oun was thus divided into two competing
pi5_CZfMTIk-00320-00073824-00074060 and hostile factions though legitimate
pi5_CZfMTIk-00321-00074061-00074351 Oh UN em headed by Andrey Melnick and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00322-00074352-00074704 the oun B or oun our four revolutionary
pi5_CZfMTIk-00323-00074705-00075023 headed by stepan bandera each group had
pi5_CZfMTIk-00324-00075024-00075278 its strengths the oun em retained the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00325-00075279-00075494 loyalty of some using gallaecia as well
pi5_CZfMTIk-00326-00075495-00075698 as a majority of the use in the regions
pi5_CZfMTIk-00327-00075699-00075909 of Bukovina and Tran Carpathia whose
pi5_CZfMTIk-00328-00075910-00076106 political leader Monsignor Abbe gust
pi5_CZfMTIk-00329-00076107-00076331 involution praised Melnik as a Christian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00330-00076332-00076550 of European culture in contrast to many
pi5_CZfMTIk-00331-00076551-00076754 nationalists who placed the nation above
pi5_CZfMTIk-00332-00076755-00077057 God the oun M's leadership was more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00333-00077058-00077225 experienced and had some limited
pi5_CZfMTIk-00334-00077226-00077444 contacts in eastern Ukraine it also
pi5_CZfMTIk-00335-00077445-00077600 maintained contact with German
pi5_CZfMTIk-00336-00077601-00077897 intelligence in the Germany army the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00337-00077898-00078119 be on the other hand enjoyed the support
pi5_CZfMTIk-00338-00078120-00078317 of the majority of the nationalistic
pi5_CZfMTIk-00339-00078318-00078471 Galician youth who formed the backbone
pi5_CZfMTIk-00340-00078472-00078698 of the underground Ukrainian nationalist
pi5_CZfMTIk-00341-00078699-00078947 movement it had a strong network of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00342-00078948-00079142 devoted followers and was powerfully
pi5_CZfMTIk-00343-00079143-00079331 aided by michal abbot who began to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00344-00079332-00079541 organize the feared sloosh Bovespa key
pi5_CZfMTIk-00345-00079542-00079803 or s be a secret police force modeled on
pi5_CZfMTIk-00346-00079804-00079947 the Cheka with a reputation for
pi5_CZfMTIk-00347-00079948-00080141 ruthlessness within the Bandera group
pi5_CZfMTIk-00348-00080142-00080328 but somewhat apart from its political
pi5_CZfMTIk-00349-00080329-00080543 leaders such as Stepan Bandera or Michel
pi5_CZfMTIk-00350-00080544-00080678 elaborate were a number of young
pi5_CZfMTIk-00351-00080679-00080840 Galicians who were less concerned with
pi5_CZfMTIk-00352-00080841-00081015 ideology and whose interests were
pi5_CZfMTIk-00353-00081016-00081305 primarily pragmatic and military the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00354-00081306-00081479 most prominent among them was roman
pi5_CZfMTIk-00355-00081480-00081722 shukhevych this group was not yet very
pi5_CZfMTIk-00356-00081723-00081902 significant although their importance
pi5_CZfMTIk-00357-00081903-00082082 would increase rapidly later during the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00358-00082083-00082785 period of oun war time activity
pi5_CZfMTIk-00359-00082786-00083344 topic during World War two
pi5_CZfMTIk-00360-00083345-00083673 you
pi5_CZfMTIk-00361-00083674-00083940 topic early years of the war and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00362-00083941-00084117 activities in central and eastern
pi5_CZfMTIk-00363-00084118-00084528 Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00364-00084529-00084732 after the invasion of Poland in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00365-00084733-00085035 September 1939 both factions of the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00366-00085036-00085239 collaborated with the Germans and used
pi5_CZfMTIk-00367-00085240-00085428 the opportunity of the invasion to send
pi5_CZfMTIk-00368-00085429-00085614 their activists into Soviet controlled
pi5_CZfMTIk-00369-00085615-00085929 territory Oh UNB leader stepan bandera
pi5_CZfMTIk-00370-00085930-00086103 held meetings with the heads of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00371-00086104-00086292 germany's intelligence regarding the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00372-00086293-00086519 formation of ukrainian staffed forces On
pi5_CZfMTIk-00373-00086520-00086940 February 25th 1941 the head of advair
pi5_CZfMTIk-00374-00086941-00087144 wilhelm franz Canaris sanctioned the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00375-00087145-00087432 creation of the ukrainian Legion under
pi5_CZfMTIk-00376-00087433-00087669 German command the unit was planned to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00377-00087670-00087804 have 800 persons
pi5_CZfMTIk-00378-00087805-00088062 Oh UN be expected that the unit would
pi5_CZfMTIk-00379-00088063-00088260 become the core of the future Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00380-00088261-00088458 army eight days after Germany's invasion
pi5_CZfMTIk-00381-00088459-00088902 of the USSR on June 30th 1941 the oun be
pi5_CZfMTIk-00382-00088903-00089055 proclaimed the establishment of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00383-00089056-00089283 Ukrainian state in la vie with Yaroslav
pi5_CZfMTIk-00384-00089284-00089601 stetko as premier in response to the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00385-00089602-00089871 declaration UNB leaders and associates
pi5_CZfMTIk-00386-00089872-00090033 were arrested and imprisoned by the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00387-00090034-00090282 Gestapo see a point one five zero zero
pi5_CZfMTIk-00388-00090283-00090636 persons many Oh UNB members were killed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00389-00090637-00090834 outright or perished in jails in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00390-00090835-00090957 concentration camps
pi5_CZfMTIk-00391-00090958-00091107 both of Banderas brothers were
pi5_CZfMTIk-00392-00091108-00091319 eventually murdered at Auschwitz on
pi5_CZfMTIk-00393-00091320-00091713 September 18 1941 bandera and stetko
pi5_CZfMTIk-00394-00091714-00091842 were sent to Sachsenhausen concentration
pi5_CZfMTIk-00395-00091843-00092268 camp in Zelan bal bunker Bandera was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00396-00092269-00092424 imprisoned along with some of the most
pi5_CZfMTIk-00397-00092425-00092586 important prisoners of the Third Reich
pi5_CZfMTIk-00398-00092587-00092796 such as the ex Prime Minister of France
pi5_CZfMTIk-00399-00092797-00093024 Leon Blum and ex Chancellor of Austria
pi5_CZfMTIk-00400-00093025-00093345 Kurt Schuschnigg the prisoners of Zelan
pi5_CZfMTIk-00401-00093346-00093489 BAU received help from the Red Cross
pi5_CZfMTIk-00402-00093490-00093714 unlike common concentration camp
pi5_CZfMTIk-00403-00093715-00093888 prisoners and were able to send and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00404-00093889-00094085 receive parcels from their relatives
pi5_CZfMTIk-00405-00094086-00094380 Bandera also received help from the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00406-00094381-00094590 B including financial assistance
pi5_CZfMTIk-00407-00094591-00094836 the Germans permitted the Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00408-00094837-00095013 nationalists to leave the bunker for
pi5_CZfMTIk-00409-00095014-00095157 important meeting with oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00410-00095158-00095373 representatives in FRA dental castle
pi5_CZfMTIk-00411-00095374-00095601 which was 200 metres from Sachsenhausen
pi5_CZfMTIk-00412-00095602-00095760 where they were kept until september
pi5_CZfMTIk-00413-00095761-00096156 1944 as a result of the German crackdown
pi5_CZfMTIk-00414-00096157-00096390 on the oun be the faction controlled by
pi5_CZfMTIk-00415-00096391-00096585 Melnick enjoyed an advantage over its
pi5_CZfMTIk-00416-00096586-00096765 rival and was able to occupy many
pi5_CZfMTIk-00417-00096766-00096984 positions in the civil administration of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00418-00096985-00097173 former Soviet Ukraine during the first
pi5_CZfMTIk-00419-00097174-00097443 months of German occupation the first
pi5_CZfMTIk-00420-00097444-00097656 city which it administered was Johto mir
pi5_CZfMTIk-00421-00097657-00097854 the first major city across the old
pi5_CZfMTIk-00422-00097855-00097917 Soviet
pi5_CZfMTIk-00423-00097918-00098208 Polish border here at the OU UNM helped
pi5_CZfMTIk-00424-00098209-00098400 stimulate the development of proce vida
pi5_CZfMTIk-00425-00098401-00098601 societies the appearance of local
pi5_CZfMTIk-00426-00098602-00098847 artists on Ukrainian language broadcasts
pi5_CZfMTIk-00427-00098848-00099072 the opening of two new secondary schools
pi5_CZfMTIk-00428-00099073-00099270 in a pedagogical institute and the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00429-00099271-00099471 establishment of a school administration
pi5_CZfMTIk-00430-00099472-00099723 many locals were recruited into the OU
pi5_CZfMTIk-00431-00099724-00100026 UNM the OU UNM also organized police
pi5_CZfMTIk-00432-00100027-00100251 forces recruited from Soviet prisoners
pi5_CZfMTIk-00433-00100252-00100503 of war to senior members of its
pi5_CZfMTIk-00434-00100504-00100743 leadership or profit even came to jato
pi5_CZfMTIk-00435-00100744-00100995 Mir at the end of August 1941
pi5_CZfMTIk-00436-00100996-00101136 however they were both gunned down
pi5_CZfMTIk-00437-00101137-00101367 allegedly by the oun B which had
pi5_CZfMTIk-00438-00101368-00101547 justified the assassination in their
pi5_CZfMTIk-00439-00101548-00101718 literature and had issued a secret
pi5_CZfMTIk-00440-00101719-00101913 directive referred to by Andrey Melnick
pi5_CZfMTIk-00441-00101914-00102246 as a death sentence not to allow a UNM
pi5_CZfMTIk-00442-00102247-00102531 leaders to reach Kiev in retaliation the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00443-00102532-00102738 German authorities often tipped off bio
pi5_CZfMTIk-00444-00102739-00102983 UNM members began mass arrests and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00445-00102984-00103248 executions of oun B members to a large
pi5_CZfMTIk-00446-00103249-00103470 extent eliminating it in much of central
pi5_CZfMTIk-00447-00103471-00103685 and eastern Ukraine as the ver MOC moved
pi5_CZfMTIk-00448-00103686-00103932 east the OU UNM established control of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00449-00103933-00104139 Kyiv Civil Administration that city's
pi5_CZfMTIk-00450-00104140-00104430 mayor from October 1941 until January
pi5_CZfMTIk-00451-00104431-00104538 1942
pi5_CZfMTIk-00452-00104539-00104829 volodymyr baja za belonged to the OU UNM
pi5_CZfMTIk-00453-00104830-00105000 and used his position to funnel money
pi5_CZfMTIk-00454-00105001-00105198 into it and to help the OU UNM take
pi5_CZfMTIk-00455-00105199-00105509 control over Kiev's police the OU UNM
pi5_CZfMTIk-00456-00105510-00105708 also initiated the creation of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00457-00105708-00105948 Ukrainian national council in Kiev which
pi5_CZfMTIk-00458-00105949-00106119 was to become the basis for a future
pi5_CZfMTIk-00459-00106120-00106413 Ukrainian government at this time the OU
pi5_CZfMTIk-00460-00106414-00106680 UNM also came to control Kiev's largest
pi5_CZfMTIk-00461-00106681-00106875 newspaper and was able to attract many
pi5_CZfMTIk-00462-00106876-00107058 supporters from among the central and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00463-00107058-00107355 eastern Ukrainian intelligentsia alarmed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00464-00107356-00107558 by the oun M's growing strength in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00465-00107559-00107775 central and eastern Ukraine the German
pi5_CZfMTIk-00466-00107776-00107988 Nazi authorities swiftly and brutally
pi5_CZfMTIk-00467-00107989-00108150 cracked down on it arresting and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00468-00108151-00108348 executing many of its members in early
pi5_CZfMTIk-00469-00108349-00108681 1942 including volodymyr Baja CA and the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00470-00108682-00108891 writer Elena - leha who had organized
pi5_CZfMTIk-00471-00108892-00109085 and led the league of Ukrainian writers
pi5_CZfMTIk-00472-00109086-00109254 in Kiev although during this time
pi5_CZfMTIk-00473-00109255-00109431 elements within the vert mock tried in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00474-00109432-00109638 vain to protect oh um members the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00475-00109639-00109811 organization was largely wiped out
pi5_CZfMTIk-00476-00109813-00110438 within central and eastern Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00477-00110439-00110813 topic Oh UNB struggle for dominance in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00478-00110814-00111210 Western Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00479-00111211-00111486 as the Oh UNM was being wiped out in the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00480-00111488-00111691 regions of Central and Western Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00481-00111692-00111853 that had been east of the old polish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00482-00111854-00112129 Soviet border in volhynia the oun be
pi5_CZfMTIk-00483-00112130-00112324 with easy access from its base in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00484-00112325-00112504 Galicia began to establish and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00485-00112505-00112669 consolidate its control over the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00486-00112670-00112831 nationalist movement and much of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00487-00112832-00113071 countryside unwilling and unable to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00488-00113072-00113368 openly resist the Germans in early 1942
pi5_CZfMTIk-00489-00113369-00113608 it methodically set about creating a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00490-00113608-00113824 clandestine organization engaging in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00491-00113825-00114016 propaganda work and building weapons
pi5_CZfMTIk-00492-00114017-00114343 stockpiles a major aspect of its program
pi5_CZfMTIk-00493-00114344-00114529 was the infiltration of the local police
pi5_CZfMTIk-00494-00114530-00114790 the oun B was able to establish control
pi5_CZfMTIk-00495-00114791-00115108 over the police academy in Riva by doing
pi5_CZfMTIk-00496-00115108-00115321 so the oun B hoped to eventually
pi5_CZfMTIk-00497-00115322-00115465 overwhelm the German occupation
pi5_CZfMTIk-00498-00115466-00115758 authorities if there were 50 policemen -
pi5_CZfMTIk-00499-00115759-00116031 5 Germans who would hold power then in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00500-00116032-00116305 their role within the police Banderas
pi5_CZfMTIk-00501-00116306-00116449 forces were involved in the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00502-00116450-00116650 extermination of Jewish civilians and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00503-00116651-00116842 the clearing of Jewish ghettos actions
pi5_CZfMTIk-00504-00116843-00117060 that contributed to the oun B's weapon
pi5_CZfMTIk-00505-00117061-00117373 stockpiles in addition blackmailing Jews
pi5_CZfMTIk-00506-00117374-00117577 served as a source of added finances
pi5_CZfMTIk-00507-00117578-00117844 during the time that the oun be in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00508-00117845-00118057 volcania was avoiding conflict with the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00509-00118058-00118243 German authorities and working with them
pi5_CZfMTIk-00510-00118244-00118461 resistance to the Germans was limited to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00511-00118463-00118675 Soviet partisans on the extreme northern
pi5_CZfMTIk-00512-00118676-00118873 edge of the region two small bands of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00513-00118874-00119068 oun M fighters and to a group of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00514-00119069-00119251 guerrillas knowns as the oopah or the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00515-00119252-00119452 policy and sich unaffiliated with the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00516-00119453-00119707 oun be and led by Tara's Bulba bore
pi5_CZfMTIk-00517-00119708-00119878 Yvette's of the exiled Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00518-00119879-00120166 People's Republic by late 1942 the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00519-00120167-00120408 status quo for the oun B was proving to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00520-00120409-00120667 be increasingly difficult the German
pi5_CZfMTIk-00521-00120668-00120799 authorities were becoming increasingly
pi5_CZfMTIk-00522-00120800-00121024 repressive towards the Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00523-00121025-00121231 population and the Ukrainian police were
pi5_CZfMTIk-00524-00121232-00121464 reluctant to take part in such actions
pi5_CZfMTIk-00525-00121465-00121738 furthermore Soviet partisan activity
pi5_CZfMTIk-00526-00121739-00121903 threatened to become the major outlet
pi5_CZfMTIk-00527-00121904-00122119 for anti German resistance among Western
pi5_CZfMTIk-00528-00122120-00122449 Ukrainians by March 1943 the oun V
pi5_CZfMTIk-00529-00122450-00122634 leadership issued secret instructions
pi5_CZfMTIk-00530-00122635-00122811 ordering their members who had joined
pi5_CZfMTIk-00531-00122813-00123205 the German police in 1941 1942 numbering
pi5_CZfMTIk-00532-00123206-00123502 between 4,000 to 5,000 trained and armed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00533-00123503-00123676 soldiers to desert with their weapons
pi5_CZfMTIk-00534-00123677-00123880 and to join the units of the oun B and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00535-00123881-00124126 Valen voor Yvette's attempted to unite
pi5_CZfMTIk-00536-00124127-00124369 his oopah the smaller oun m and other
pi5_CZfMTIk-00537-00124370-00124627 nationalist bands and the oun be under
pi5_CZfMTIk-00538-00124628-00124915 into an all-party front the OU UNM
pi5_CZfMTIk-00539-00124916-00125182 agreed while the oun be refused in part
pi5_CZfMTIk-00540-00125183-00125407 due to the insistence of the oun be that
pi5_CZfMTIk-00541-00125408-00125551 their leaders be in control of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00542-00125552-00125875 organization after negotiations failed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00543-00125876-00126142 the oun commander Demetriou clash kiski
pi5_CZfMTIk-00544-00126143-00126298 co-opted the name of Bora vet's
pi5_CZfMTIk-00545-00126299-00126499 organization oopah and decided to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00546-00126500-00126682 accomplish by force what could not be
pi5_CZfMTIk-00547-00126683-00126861 accomplished through negotiation the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00548-00126863-00127069 unification of Ukrainian nationalist
pi5_CZfMTIk-00549-00127070-00127432 forces under oun be control on July 6
pi5_CZfMTIk-00550-00127433-00127705 the large UNM group was surrounded and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00551-00127706-00127903 surrendered and soon afterward most of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00552-00127904-00128098 the independent groups disappeared they
pi5_CZfMTIk-00553-00128099-00128266 were either destroyed by the communist
pi5_CZfMTIk-00554-00128267-00128497 partisans or the oun bee or joined the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00555-00128498-00128890 latter on August 18 1943 Tara's Bulba
pi5_CZfMTIk-00556-00128891-00129079 Bora vets and his headquarters was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00557-00129080-00129340 surrounded in a surprise attack by oun B
pi5_CZfMTIk-00558-00129341-00129558 force consisting of several battalions
pi5_CZfMTIk-00559-00129558-00129832 some of his forces including his wife
pi5_CZfMTIk-00560-00129833-00130039 were captured while five of his officers
pi5_CZfMTIk-00561-00130040-00130308 were killed Bora vets escaped but
pi5_CZfMTIk-00562-00130309-00130513 refused to submit in a letter accusing
pi5_CZfMTIk-00563-00130514-00130761 the oun b of among other things banditry
pi5_CZfMTIk-00564-00130763-00130959 of wanting to establish a one-party
pi5_CZfMTIk-00565-00130960-00131146 state and of fighting not for the people
pi5_CZfMTIk-00566-00131147-00131316 but in order to rule the people in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00567-00131317-00131593 retaliation his wife was murdered after
pi5_CZfMTIk-00568-00131594-00131794 two weeks of torture at the hands of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00569-00131795-00132172 oun bees SB in october 1943 Bulba bore
pi5_CZfMTIk-00570-00132173-00132379 Ovitz largely disbanded his depleted
pi5_CZfMTIk-00571-00132380-00132556 force in order to end further bloodshed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00572-00132557-00132811 in their struggle for dominance in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00573-00132812-00133027 Volhynia the band rest's would kill tens
pi5_CZfMTIk-00574-00133028-00133228 of thousands of Ukrainians for links to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00575-00133229-00133823 bull Bob or ovett sir Melnick
pi5_CZfMTIk-00576-00133824-00134195 topic Oh UNB struggle against Germany
pi5_CZfMTIk-00577-00134196-00134699 Soviet Union and Poland
pi5_CZfMTIk-00578-00134700-00135062 by the fall of 1943 the oun bee forces
pi5_CZfMTIk-00579-00135063-00135202 had established their control over
pi5_CZfMTIk-00580-00135203-00135452 substantial portions of rural areas in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00581-00135453-00135754 volhynia and southwestern polizia while
pi5_CZfMTIk-00582-00135755-00135940 the Germans controlled the large towns
pi5_CZfMTIk-00583-00135941-00136175 and major roads such a large area east
pi5_CZfMTIk-00584-00136176-00136358 of Riva had come under the control of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00585-00136359-00136589 the oun be that it was able to set about
pi5_CZfMTIk-00586-00136590-00136901 creating a state system with military
pi5_CZfMTIk-00587-00136902-00137123 training schools hospitals in a school
pi5_CZfMTIk-00588-00137124-00137327 system involving tens of thousands of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00589-00137328-00137621 personnel its military the OPA which
pi5_CZfMTIk-00590-00137622-00137771 came under the command of Roman
pi5_CZfMTIk-00591-00137772-00138044 shukhevich in August 1943 would fight
pi5_CZfMTIk-00592-00138045-00138200 against the Germans and later the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00593-00138201-00138410 Soviets until the mid-1950s
pi5_CZfMTIk-00594-00138411-00138674 it would also play a major role in the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00595-00138675-00138887 genocide of the Polish population from
pi5_CZfMTIk-00596-00138888-00139085 Western Ukraine for more information
pi5_CZfMTIk-00597-00139086-00139277 about the oopah see ukrainian insurgent
pi5_CZfMTIk-00598-00139278-00139829 army
pi5_CZfMTIk-00599-00139830-00140427 topic after the Second World War
pi5_CZfMTIk-00600-00140428-00140706 after the war the oun in eastern and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00601-00140707-00140877 southern Ukraine continued to struggle
pi5_CZfMTIk-00602-00140878-00141171 against the Soviets 1958 marked the last
pi5_CZfMTIk-00603-00141172-00141387 year when a no UN member was arrested in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00604-00141388-00141657 Donetsk both branches of the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00605-00141658-00141879 continued to be quite influential within
pi5_CZfMTIk-00606-00141880-00142215 the ukrainian diaspora the oun be formed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00607-00142216-00142533 in 1943 an organization called the ante
pi5_CZfMTIk-00608-00142534-00142734 Bolshevik bloc of Nations headed by
pi5_CZfMTIk-00609-00142735-00142938 Yaroslav stets Co the anti-bolshevik
pi5_CZfMTIk-00610-00142939-00143190 bloc of Nations it created and headed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00611-00143191-00143388 would include at various times emigres
pi5_CZfMTIk-00612-00143389-00143607 organizations from almost every Eastern
pi5_CZfMTIk-00613-00143608-00143793 European country with the exception of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00614-00143794-00144023 Poland Croatia the Baltic countries
pi5_CZfMTIk-00615-00144024-00144285 anti-communist emigrate Cossacks Hungary
pi5_CZfMTIk-00616-00144286-00144567 Georgia Bohemia Moravia today the Czech
pi5_CZfMTIk-00617-00144568-00144939 Republic and Slovakia in the 1970s the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00618-00144940-00145158 ABN was joined by anti-communist
pi5_CZfMTIk-00619-00145159-00145412 Vietnamese and Cuban organizations in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00620-00145413-00145752 1956 Bend arizo UN split into two parts
pi5_CZfMTIk-00621-00145753-00146028 the more moderate Oh UN Z led by lever
pi5_CZfMTIk-00622-00146029-00146223 abet and zinoviy Matla and the more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00623-00146224-00146510 conservative oun led by Stepan Bandera
pi5_CZfMTIk-00624-00146511-00146778 after the fall of communism both oh you
pi5_CZfMTIk-00625-00146779-00147045 ends resumed activities within Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00626-00147046-00147276 the Melnik faction threw its support
pi5_CZfMTIk-00627-00147277-00147525 behind the Ukrainian Republican Party at
pi5_CZfMTIk-00628-00147526-00147675 the time that it was headed by Lev
pi5_CZfMTIk-00629-00147676-00147984 Caloocan Enka the oun be reorganized
pi5_CZfMTIk-00630-00147985-00148224 itself within Ukraine as the Congress of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00631-00148225-00148461 Ukrainian nationalists Kuhn registered
pi5_CZfMTIk-00632-00148462-00148839 as a political party in January 1993 its
pi5_CZfMTIk-00633-00148840-00149007 conspiration elite errs within the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00634-00149008-00149211 diaspora did not want to openly enter
pi5_CZfMTIk-00635-00149212-00149415 Ukrainian politics and attempted to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00636-00149416-00149589 imbue this party with a democratic
pi5_CZfMTIk-00637-00149590-00149889 moderate facade however within Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00638-00149890-00150066 the project attracted more primitive
pi5_CZfMTIk-00639-00150067-00150261 nationalists who took the party to the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00640-00150262-00150606 right until her death in 2003 Kuhn was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00641-00150607-00150816 headed by Slava's stetko widow of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00642-00150817-00151041 Yaroslav stetko who also simultaneously
pi5_CZfMTIk-00643-00151042-00151269 headed the oun and the anti-bolshevik
pi5_CZfMTIk-00644-00151270-00151710 bloc of Nations on March 9 2010 the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00645-00151711-00151950 rejected Yulia Tymoshenko's calls to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00646-00151951-00152205 unite all of the National patriotic
pi5_CZfMTIk-00647-00152206-00152556 forces led bloc Yulia Tymoshenko against
pi5_CZfMTIk-00648-00152557-00152709 President Viktor Yanukovych
pi5_CZfMTIk-00649-00152710-00152934 oh you n did demand that Yanukovych
pi5_CZfMTIk-00650-00152935-00153168 should reject the idea of canceling the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00651-00153169-00153393 hero of Ukraine status given to stepan
pi5_CZfMTIk-00652-00153394-00153561 bandera and roman shukhevych
pi5_CZfMTIk-00653-00153562-00153777 Yanukovych should continue the practice
pi5_CZfMTIk-00654-00153778-00153807 of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00655-00153808-00153969 recognizing fighters for Ukraine's
pi5_CZfMTIk-00656-00153970-00154166 independence which was launched by his
pi5_CZfMTIk-00657-00154167-00154362 predecessor Viktor Yushchenko and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00658-00154363-00154587 posthumously award the hero of Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00659-00154588-00154809 titles to Simon petliura and yeven
pi5_CZfMTIk-00660-00154810-00155109 konavle A's on May 9th 2017 a man in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00661-00155110-00155322 camouflage pattern clothing inside the O
pi5_CZfMTIk-00662-00155323-00155562 UN's office in Kiev was throwing smoke
pi5_CZfMTIk-00663-00155563-00155804 bombs eggs etc at police who had
pi5_CZfMTIk-00664-00155805-00156069 gathered to control a 1500 strong
pi5_CZfMTIk-00665-00156070-00156341 demonstration the police saw him holding
pi5_CZfMTIk-00666-00156342-00156543 a grenade launcher so the police stormed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00667-00156544-00156798 the office arrested 24 people and seized
pi5_CZfMTIk-00668-00156799-00157103 the grenade launcher the oun used social
pi5_CZfMTIk-00669-00157104-00157359 media to show photos and videos claiming
pi5_CZfMTIk-00670-00157360-00157553 police brutality and damage to the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00671-00157554-00157801 office on the 19th of November 2018
pi5_CZfMTIk-00672-00157802-00158034 organization of Ukrainian nationalists
pi5_CZfMTIk-00673-00158035-00158228 and fellow Ukrainian nationalist
pi5_CZfMTIk-00674-00158229-00158433 political organizations congress of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00675-00158434-00158651 ukrainian nationalists right sector and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00676-00158652-00159000 c14 endorsed Ruslan : Sky's candidacy in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00677-00159001-00159765 the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election
pi5_CZfMTIk-00678-00159766-00160305 topic organization
pi5_CZfMTIk-00679-00160306-00160662 the oun was led by a voz HD or supreme
pi5_CZfMTIk-00680-00160663-00160739 leader
pi5_CZfMTIk-00681-00160740-00161049 originally the voz HD was yeven Kona
pi5_CZfMTIk-00682-00161050-00161268 valets after his assassination he was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00683-00161269-00161487 succeeded by Andre Melnick resulting in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00684-00161488-00161682 a split where the Galician use followed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00685-00161683-00161960 their own voz HD stepan bandera
pi5_CZfMTIk-00686-00161961-00162270 underneath the voz HD were the profit or
pi5_CZfMTIk-00687-00162271-00162537 Directorate at the start of the second
pi5_CZfMTIk-00688-00162538-00162726 world war the au UN's leadership
pi5_CZfMTIk-00689-00162727-00163011 consisted of the voz HD and Rimmel NIC
pi5_CZfMTIk-00690-00163012-00163239 and eight members of the profit the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00691-00163240-00163431 profit members were generals Carmen
pi5_CZfMTIk-00692-00163432-00163659 ovitch and Kapusta insky both generals
pi5_CZfMTIk-00693-00163660-00163857 from the times of Ukraine's Revolution
pi5_CZfMTIk-00694-00163858-00164250 in 1918 to 1920 Yaroslav buranovskiye a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00695-00164251-00164484 law student de métro andrea ascii a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00696-00164485-00164694 politically moderate former diplomat of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00697-00164695-00164859 the Revolutionary Government from
pi5_CZfMTIk-00698-00164860-00164961 eastern Ukraine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00699-00164962-00165174 Richard yari a former officer of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00700-00165175-00165372 Austrian and Galician militaries who
pi5_CZfMTIk-00701-00165373-00165555 served as a liaison with the German
pi5_CZfMTIk-00702-00165556-00165786 advair colonel Roman sashko another
pi5_CZfMTIk-00703-00165787-00165990 former Austrian and Galician officer
pi5_CZfMTIk-00704-00165991-00166209 Nicholas st. svorski the son of a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00705-00166210-00166437 Tsarist military officer from Jade Amir
pi5_CZfMTIk-00706-00166438-00166626 who served as the au UN's official
pi5_CZfMTIk-00707-00166627-00166839 theorist and o mealy & senic a party
pi5_CZfMTIk-00708-00166840-00167034 organizer and veteran of the Austrian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00709-00167035-00167280 and Galician armies who by the 1940s was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00710-00167281-00167427 considered to moderate and too
pi5_CZfMTIk-00711-00167428-00167577 conservative by the youngest generation
pi5_CZfMTIk-00712-00167578-00167892 of Galician use yari would be the only
pi5_CZfMTIk-00713-00167893-00168096 member of the original prophet to join
pi5_CZfMTIk-00714-00168097-00168792 band era after the oun split
pi5_CZfMTIk-00715-00168793-00169330 topic ideology
pi5_CZfMTIk-00716-00169331-00169576 the oun was formed from a number of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00717-00169577-00169759 radical nationalists and extreme
pi5_CZfMTIk-00718-00169760-00169954 right-wing organizations including the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00719-00169955-00170281 union of Ukrainian fascists initially it
pi5_CZfMTIk-00720-00170282-00170464 was led by war veterans who failed to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00721-00170465-00170764 establish a Ukrainian state in 1917 to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00722-00170765-00171115 1920 the ideology of the organization
pi5_CZfMTIk-00723-00171116-00171325 was heavily influenced by the philosophy
pi5_CZfMTIk-00724-00171326-00171532 of Nietzsche German National Socialism
pi5_CZfMTIk-00725-00171533-00171784 and Italian fascism combining extreme
pi5_CZfMTIk-00726-00171785-00172003 nationalism with terrorism corporatism
pi5_CZfMTIk-00727-00172004-00172191 and anti-semitism as well as
pi5_CZfMTIk-00728-00172192-00172447 totalitarianism and anti democracy in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00729-00172448-00172681 order to create an illusion that the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00730-00172682-00172885 Ukrainian brand of nationalism was a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00731-00172886-00173092 product of domestic development most
pi5_CZfMTIk-00732-00173093-00173278 early oun writers denied their
pi5_CZfMTIk-00733-00173279-00173506 ideological connection to fascism in a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00734-00173507-00173701 self-deceptive manner contradicting
pi5_CZfMTIk-00735-00173702-00173971 generally known facts according to its
pi5_CZfMTIk-00736-00173972-00174178 initial declaration the primary goal of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00737-00174179-00174442 oun was to establish an independent and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00738-00174443-00174706 ethnically pure Ukrainian state this
pi5_CZfMTIk-00739-00174707-00174895 goal was to be achieved by a national
pi5_CZfMTIk-00740-00174896-00175045 revolution that would drive out all
pi5_CZfMTIk-00741-00175046-00175213 foreign element and set up an
pi5_CZfMTIk-00742-00175214-00175422 authoritarian state led by a strongman
pi5_CZfMTIk-00743-00175423-00175714 the O UN's leadership felt that past
pi5_CZfMTIk-00744-00175715-00175933 attempts at securing independence failed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00745-00175934-00176194 due to democratic values in society poor
pi5_CZfMTIk-00746-00176195-00176371 party discipline and a conciliatory
pi5_CZfMTIk-00747-00176372-00176596 attitude towards Ukraine's traditional
pi5_CZfMTIk-00748-00176597-00176878 enemies its ideology rejected the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00749-00176879-00177088 socialist ideas supported by petliura
pi5_CZfMTIk-00750-00177089-00177280 and the compromises of Galician
pi5_CZfMTIk-00751-00177281-00177558 traditional elite instead the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00752-00177559-00177817 particularly its younger members adopted
pi5_CZfMTIk-00753-00177818-00178036 the ideology of Dimetrodon Sauve and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00754-00178037-00178345 emigrate from eastern ukraine the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00755-00178346-00178573 shared the fascist attributes of anti
pi5_CZfMTIk-00756-00178574-00178765 liberalism anti conservatism and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00757-00178766-00178974 anti-communism an armed party
pi5_CZfMTIk-00758-00178975-00179221 totalitarianism anti-semitism fear
pi5_CZfMTIk-00759-00179222-00179413 Princip and an adoption of fascist
pi5_CZfMTIk-00760-00179414-00179695 greetings its leaders eagerly emphasized
pi5_CZfMTIk-00761-00179696-00179863 to Hitler and Ribbentrop that they
pi5_CZfMTIk-00762-00179864-00180040 shared the Nazi Weltanschauung and a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00763-00180041-00180683 commitment to a fascist new Europe
pi5_CZfMTIk-00764-00180684-00181238 topic integral nationalism
pi5_CZfMTIk-00765-00181239-00181514 the Ukrainian nationalism of the 19th
pi5_CZfMTIk-00766-00181515-00181709 and early 20th centuries had been
pi5_CZfMTIk-00767-00181710-00181943 largely liberal or socialist combining
pi5_CZfMTIk-00768-00181944-00182135 Ukrainian national consciousness with
pi5_CZfMTIk-00769-00182136-00182374 patriotism and humanist values in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00770-00182375-00182645 contrast the nationalists who emerged in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00771-00182646-00182819 galicia following the first world war
pi5_CZfMTIk-00772-00182820-00183047 much as in the rest of europe adopted
pi5_CZfMTIk-00773-00183048-00183212 the form of nationalism known as
pi5_CZfMTIk-00774-00183213-00183464 integral nationalism according to this
pi5_CZfMTIk-00775-00183465-00183679 ideology the nation was held to be of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00776-00183680-00183853 the highest absolute value more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00777-00183854-00184091 important than social class regions the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00778-00184092-00184478 individual religion etc to this end o UN
pi5_CZfMTIk-00779-00184479-00184690 members were urged to force their way
pi5_CZfMTIk-00780-00184691-00185033 into all areas of national life such as
pi5_CZfMTIk-00781-00185034-00185288 institutions societies villages and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00782-00185289-00185507 Families politics was seen as a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00783-00185508-00185714 Darwinian struggle between nations for
pi5_CZfMTIk-00784-00185715-00185945 survival rendering conflict unavoidable
pi5_CZfMTIk-00785-00185946-00186137 and justifying any means that would lead
pi5_CZfMTIk-00786-00186138-00186314 to the victory of one's nation over that
pi5_CZfMTIk-00787-00186315-00186608 of others in this context willpower was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00788-00186609-00186788 seen as more important than reason and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00789-00186789-00186995 warfare was glorified as an expression
pi5_CZfMTIk-00790-00186996-00187286 of national vitality integral
pi5_CZfMTIk-00791-00187287-00187511 nationalism became a powerful force in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00792-00187512-00187727 much of Europe during the 1920s and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00793-00187728-00188096 1930s the Oh UN's conceptualization of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00794-00188097-00188297 this idea was particularly in several
pi5_CZfMTIk-00795-00188298-00188578 ways because Ukraine was stateless and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00796-00188579-00188753 surrounded by more powerful neighbors
pi5_CZfMTIk-00797-00188754-00188990 the emphasis on force and warfare was to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00798-00188991-00189190 be expressed in acts of terrorism rather
pi5_CZfMTIk-00799-00189191-00189403 than open warfare an illegality was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00800-00189404-00189679 glorified because Ukrainians did not
pi5_CZfMTIk-00801-00189680-00189881 have a state to glorify or serve the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00802-00189882-00190199 emphasize was placed on a pure national
pi5_CZfMTIk-00803-00190200-00190394 language and culture rather than a state
pi5_CZfMTIk-00804-00190395-00190598 there was a strain of fantastic
pi5_CZfMTIk-00805-00190599-00190791 Romanticism in which the unsophisticated
pi5_CZfMTIk-00806-00190792-00191036 ukrainian rejection of reason was more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00807-00191037-00191243 spontaneous and genuine than the cynical
pi5_CZfMTIk-00808-00191244-00191428 rejection of reason by german or italian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00809-00191429-00192078 integral nationalists
pi5_CZfMTIk-00810-00192079-00192706 topic myth and nationalism of the deed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00811-00192707-00192970 Dimetrodon saath claimed that the 20th
pi5_CZfMTIk-00812-00192971-00193176 century would witness the twilight of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00813-00193177-00193437 the gods to whom the 19th century prayed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00814-00193438-00193711 and that a new man must be created with
pi5_CZfMTIk-00815-00193712-00194020 the fire of fanatical commitment and the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00816-00194021-00194323 iron force of enthusiasm and that the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00817-00194324-00194512 only way forward was through the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00818-00194513-00194824 organization of a new violence this new
pi5_CZfMTIk-00819-00194825-00195050 doctrine was the nationalism de
pi5_CZfMTIk-00820-00195051-00195390 nationalism of the deed to dramatize and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00821-00195391-00195622 spread such views Oh UN literature
pi5_CZfMTIk-00822-00195623-00195793 mythologized the cult of struggle
pi5_CZfMTIk-00823-00195794-00196053 sacrifice and emphasised national heroes
pi5_CZfMTIk-00824-00196054-00196321 the oun particularly Bandera held a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00825-00196322-00196524 romantic view of the Ukrainian peasantry
pi5_CZfMTIk-00826-00196525-00196732 glorified the peasants as carriers of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00827-00196733-00196902 Ukrainian culture and linked them with
pi5_CZfMTIk-00828-00196903-00197091 the deeds and exploits of the Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00829-00197092-00197398 Cossacks from previous centuries the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-00830-00197399-00197593 believed that a goal of professional
pi5_CZfMTIk-00831-00197594-00197731 revolutionaries was through
pi5_CZfMTIk-00832-00197732-00197956 revolutionary acts to awaken the masses
pi5_CZfMTIk-00833-00197957-00198259 in this aspect the oun had much in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00834-00198260-00198441 common with 19th century Russian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00835-00198442-00198998 neurotics
pi5_CZfMTIk-00836-00198999-00199548 topic authoritarianism
pi5_CZfMTIk-00837-00199549-00199761 the nation was to be unified under a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00838-00199762-00199956 single party led by a hierarchy of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00839-00199957-00200228 proven fighters at the top was to be a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00840-00200229-00200579 supreme leader or voz HD in some
pi5_CZfMTIk-00841-00200580-00200832 respects the O UN's Creed was similar to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00842-00200833-00201036 that of other Eastern European radical
pi5_CZfMTIk-00843-00201037-00201225 right-wing agrarian movements such as
pi5_CZfMTIk-00844-00201226-00201413 Romania's Legion of the Archangel
pi5_CZfMTIk-00845-00201414-00201456 Michael
pi5_CZfMTIk-00846-00201457-00201699 Croatia's Eustachy Hungary's Aero cross
pi5_CZfMTIk-00847-00201700-00201941 party and similar groups in Slovakia and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00848-00201942-00202224 Poland there were however significant
pi5_CZfMTIk-00849-00202225-00202434 differences within the oun regarding the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00850-00202435-00202715 extent of its totalitarianism the more
pi5_CZfMTIk-00851-00202716-00202938 moderate leaders living in exile admired
pi5_CZfMTIk-00852-00202939-00203126 some facets of Benito Mussolini's
pi5_CZfMTIk-00853-00203127-00203346 fascism but condemned Nazism while the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00854-00203347-00203513 younger more radical members based
pi5_CZfMTIk-00855-00203514-00203733 within Ukraine admired the fascist ideas
pi5_CZfMTIk-00856-00203734-00203939 and methods as practiced by the Nazis
pi5_CZfMTIk-00857-00203940-00204210 the faction based abroad supported
pi5_CZfMTIk-00858-00204211-00204375 rapprochement with the Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00859-00204376-00204527 Catholic Church while the younger
pi5_CZfMTIk-00860-00204528-00204723 radicals were anti-clerical and felt
pi5_CZfMTIk-00861-00204724-00204890 that not considering the nation to be
pi5_CZfMTIk-00862-00204891-00205085 the absolute was a sign of weakness the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00863-00205086-00205298 two factions of the oun each had their
pi5_CZfMTIk-00864-00205300-00205469 own understanding of the nature of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00865-00205471-00205746 leader the Melnik faction considered the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00866-00205746-00205926 leader to be the director of the Prophet
pi5_CZfMTIk-00867-00205927-00206090 and in its writings emphasized a
pi5_CZfMTIk-00868-00206091-00206244 military subordination to the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00869-00206244-00206478 hierarchical superiors of the Prophet it
pi5_CZfMTIk-00870-00206479-00206754 was more autocratic than totalitarian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00871-00206755-00206987 the Bandera faction in contrast
pi5_CZfMTIk-00872-00206988-00207198 emphasized complete submission to the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00873-00207198-00207396 will of the supreme leader at a Party
pi5_CZfMTIk-00874-00207396-00207705 Congress in August 1943 the oun be
pi5_CZfMTIk-00875-00207706-00207948 rejected much of its fascistic ideology
pi5_CZfMTIk-00876-00207948-00208160 in favor of a social democratic model
pi5_CZfMTIk-00877-00208161-00208326 while maintaining its hierarchical
pi5_CZfMTIk-00878-00208327-00208541 structure this change could be
pi5_CZfMTIk-00879-00208542-00208736 attributed in part to the influence of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00880-00208737-00208940 the leadership of roman shukhevych the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00881-00208941-00209117 new leader of oopah who was more focused
pi5_CZfMTIk-00882-00209119-00209312 on military matters rather than on
pi5_CZfMTIk-00883-00209313-00209519 ideology and was more receptive to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00884-00209521-00209706 different ideological themes than were
pi5_CZfMTIk-00885-00209707-00209933 the fanatical oun be political leaders
pi5_CZfMTIk-00886-00209934-00210096 and was interested in gaining and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00887-00210096-00210284 maintaining the support of deserters or
pi5_CZfMTIk-00888-00210285-00210546 others from eastern ukraine during this
pi5_CZfMTIk-00889-00210546-00210807 party congress the oun be backed off its
pi5_CZfMTIk-00890-00210808-00210992 commitment to private ownership of land
pi5_CZfMTIk-00891-00210994-00211208 increased worker participation in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00892-00211209-00211416 management of industry equality for
pi5_CZfMTIk-00893-00211417-00211638 women free health services and pensions
pi5_CZfMTIk-00894-00211639-00211923 for the elderly and free education some
pi5_CZfMTIk-00895-00211923-00212096 points in the program referred to the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00896-00212098-00212277 rights of national minorities and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00897-00212278-00212451 guaranteed freedom of speech religion
pi5_CZfMTIk-00898-00212452-00212682 and the press and rejected the official
pi5_CZfMTIk-00899-00212683-00212871 status of any doctrine
pi5_CZfMTIk-00900-00212871-00213096 nevertheless the authoritarian elements
pi5_CZfMTIk-00901-00213096-00213279 were not discarded completely and were
pi5_CZfMTIk-00902-00213280-00213492 reflected in continued insistence on the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00903-00213492-00213854 heroic spirit and social solidarity
pi5_CZfMTIk-00904-00213855-00214196 friendship and discipline in exile the O
pi5_CZfMTIk-00905-00214198-00214437 UN's ideology was focused on opposition
pi5_CZfMTIk-00906-00214438-00215011 to communism
pi5_CZfMTIk-00907-00215012-00215419 topic treatment of non Ukrainians
pi5_CZfMTIk-00908-00215421-00215600 you
pi5_CZfMTIk-00909-00215601-00215879 the oun intended to create a ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00910-00215880-00216092 state with widely understood ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00911-00216092-00216323 territories but inhabited by Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00912-00216323-00216533 people narrowly understood according to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00913-00216534-00216806 Timothy Snyder its first Congress in
pi5_CZfMTIk-00914-00216807-00217121 1929 resolved that only the complete
pi5_CZfMTIk-00915-00217121-00217388 removal of all occupiers from Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00916-00217389-00217565 lands will allow for the general
pi5_CZfMTIk-00917-00217566-00217751 development of the ukrainian nation
pi5_CZfMTIk-00918-00217752-00218150 within its own state o you ends 10
pi5_CZfMTIk-00919-00218151-00218494 commandments stated aspired to expand
pi5_CZfMTIk-00920-00218496-00218710 the strength riches and size of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00921-00218711-00218912 ukrainian state even by means of
pi5_CZfMTIk-00922-00218913-00219254 enslaving foreigners or thou shalt
pi5_CZfMTIk-00923-00219255-00219464 struggle for the glory greatness
pi5_CZfMTIk-00924-00219465-00219692 power and space of the ukrainian state
pi5_CZfMTIk-00925-00219692-00220021 by enslaving the strangers this
pi5_CZfMTIk-00926-00220023-00220250 formulation was modified by o UN's
pi5_CZfMTIk-00927-00220251-00220510 theoreticians in the 1950s and shortened
pi5_CZfMTIk-00928-00220511-00220727 to thou shalt struggle for the glory
pi5_CZfMTIk-00929-00220728-00220969 greatness power and space of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00930-00220971-00221604 ukrainian state
pi5_CZfMTIk-00931-00221605-00222232 topic Oh UN an anti-semitism
pi5_CZfMTIk-00932-00222233-00222505 anti-semitism was an attribute Oh UN
pi5_CZfMTIk-00933-00222506-00222697 shared with other agrarian radical
pi5_CZfMTIk-00934-00222698-00222842 right-wing Eastern European
pi5_CZfMTIk-00935-00222842-00223067 organizations such as the Croatian used
pi5_CZfMTIk-00936-00223067-00223297 to sheet the Yugoslavs e Bo AR and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00937-00223298-00223468 Romania's Legion of the Archangel
pi5_CZfMTIk-00938-00223469-00223783 Michael the o UN's ideology on the other
pi5_CZfMTIk-00939-00223784-00224029 hand did not emphasize anti-semitism and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00940-00224030-00224213 racism despite the presence of some
pi5_CZfMTIk-00941-00224214-00224489 anti-semitic writing indeed three of its
pi5_CZfMTIk-00942-00224490-00224692 leaders General Michael at Kapusta and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00943-00224693-00224950 Suki Rico yari himself of Hungarian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00944-00224951-00225157 Jewish descent and Michaelis st. svorski
pi5_CZfMTIk-00945-00225158-00225413 the O UN's chief theorist were married
pi5_CZfMTIk-00946-00225414-00225625 to Jewish women and Jews belong to the O
pi5_CZfMTIk-00947-00225626-00225887 UN's underground movement the oun in the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00948-00225888-00226174 early 1930s considered Ukraine's primary
pi5_CZfMTIk-00949-00226175-00226372 enemies to be pulls in Russians with
pi5_CZfMTIk-00950-00226373-00226573 Jews playing a secondary role are not
pi5_CZfMTIk-00951-00226574-00226852 considered an enemy an article published
pi5_CZfMTIk-00952-00226853-00227128 in 1930 by oun leader Michael as st.
pi5_CZfMTIk-00953-00227129-00227305 sabor ski denounced the anti-jewish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00954-00227306-00227608 pogroms of 1918 stating that most of its
pi5_CZfMTIk-00955-00227609-00227755 victims were innocent rather than
pi5_CZfMTIk-00956-00227756-00228041 Bolsheviks Saint sabor ski wrote that
pi5_CZfMTIk-00957-00228042-00228215 Jewish rights should be respected that
pi5_CZfMTIk-00958-00228216-00228421 the oun ought to convince Jews that
pi5_CZfMTIk-00959-00228422-00228601 their organization was no threat to them
pi5_CZfMTIk-00960-00228602-00228778 and that Ukrainians ought to maintain
pi5_CZfMTIk-00961-00228779-00228991 close contacts with Jews nationally and
pi5_CZfMTIk-00962-00228992-00229252 internationally three years later an
pi5_CZfMTIk-00963-00229253-00229439 article in the O UN journal Roz
pi5_CZfMTIk-00964-00229440-00229664 Beethoven at see development of the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00965-00229665-00229940 nation despite its focus on Jews alleged
pi5_CZfMTIk-00966-00229941-00230200 exploitation of Ukrainian peasants also
pi5_CZfMTIk-00967-00230201-00230407 stated that Jews as well as Ukrainians
pi5_CZfMTIk-00968-00230408-00230620 were victims of Soviet policies by the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00969-00230621-00230935 late 1930s the oun attitude towards Jews
pi5_CZfMTIk-00970-00230936-00231212 grew more negative Jews were described
pi5_CZfMTIk-00971-00231213-00231460 in oun publications as parasites who
pi5_CZfMTIk-00972-00231461-00231643 ought to be segregated from Ukrainians
pi5_CZfMTIk-00973-00231644-00231973 for example an article titled the Jewish
pi5_CZfMTIk-00974-00231974-00232330 problem in Ukraine published in 1938
pi5_CZfMTIk-00975-00232331-00232528 called for Jews complete cultural
pi5_CZfMTIk-00976-00232529-00232750 economic and political isolation from
pi5_CZfMTIk-00977-00232751-00232933 Ukrainians rejecting forced assimilation
pi5_CZfMTIk-00978-00232934-00233158 of Jews but allowing that they ought to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00979-00233159-00233362 enjoy the same rights as Ukrainians
pi5_CZfMTIk-00980-00233363-00233566 despite the increasingly negative
pi5_CZfMTIk-00981-00233567-00233762 portrayal of Jews for all of its
pi5_CZfMTIk-00982-00233763-00233966 glorification of violence Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00983-00233967-00234160 nationalist literature generally showed
pi5_CZfMTIk-00984-00234161-00234310 little interest in Nazi like
pi5_CZfMTIk-00985-00234311-00234652 anti-semitism during the 1930s Evan o
pi5_CZfMTIk-00986-00234653-00234887 Natsuki writing in the O UN's official
pi5_CZfMTIk-00987-00234888-00235141 journal in 1934 condemned German
pi5_CZfMTIk-00988-00235142-00235412 national socialism as imperialist racist
pi5_CZfMTIk-00989-00235413-00235564 and anti-christian German
pi5_CZfMTIk-00990-00235565-00235801 documents from the early 1940s give the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00991-00235802-00235978 impression that extreme Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-00992-00235979-00236137 nationalists were indifferent to the
pi5_CZfMTIk-00993-00236138-00236314 plight of the Jews they were willing to
pi5_CZfMTIk-00994-00236315-00236485 either kill them or help them whichever
pi5_CZfMTIk-00995-00236486-00236656 was more appropriate for their political
pi5_CZfMTIk-00996-00236657-00237007 goals the oun bees ambivalent wartime
pi5_CZfMTIk-00997-00237008-00237178 attitude towards the Jews was
pi5_CZfMTIk-00998-00237179-00237346 highlighted during the second General
pi5_CZfMTIk-00999-00237346-00237754 Congress of oun B April 1941 Krakow in
pi5_CZfMTIk-01000-00237755-00237976 which the oun be condemned anti-jewish
pi5_CZfMTIk-01001-00237977-00238207 pogroms and specifically warned against
pi5_CZfMTIk-01002-00238208-00238414 the pogrom aspyn set is useful only to
pi5_CZfMTIk-01003-00238415-00238708 muscovite propaganda at that conference
pi5_CZfMTIk-01004-00238709-00239041 the oun be declared the Jews in the USSR
pi5_CZfMTIk-01005-00239042-00239292 constitute the most faithful support of
pi5_CZfMTIk-01006-00239294-00239494 the ruling Bolshevik regime and the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01007-00239494-00239725 vanguard of muscovite imperialism in
pi5_CZfMTIk-01008-00239726-00240004 Ukraine the muscovite Bolshevik
pi5_CZfMTIk-01009-00240005-00240198 government exploits the anti-jewish
pi5_CZfMTIk-01010-00240200-00240436 sentiments of the Ukrainian masses to
pi5_CZfMTIk-01011-00240437-00240616 divert their attention from the true
pi5_CZfMTIk-01012-00240617-00240819 cause of their misfortune and to channel
pi5_CZfMTIk-01013-00240821-00241012 them in a time of frustration into
pi5_CZfMTIk-01014-00241013-00241411 pogroms on Jews the oun combats the Jews
pi5_CZfMTIk-01015-00241412-00241630 as the prop of the muscovite Bolshevik
pi5_CZfMTIk-01016-00241631-00241879 regime and simultaneously it renders the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01017-00241880-00242092 masses conscious of the fact that the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01018-00242092-00242416 principal foe is Moscow on the other
pi5_CZfMTIk-01019-00242417-00242683 hand the oun was willing to support Nazi
pi5_CZfMTIk-01020-00242684-00242896 anti-semitic policies if doing so would
pi5_CZfMTIk-01021-00242896-00243198 help their cause the oun sought German
pi5_CZfMTIk-01022-00243200-00243394 recognition for an independent Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-01023-00243394-00243685 state despite its declared condemnation
pi5_CZfMTIk-01024-00243686-00244017 of pogroms in April 1941 when German
pi5_CZfMTIk-01025-00244019-00244207 official Reinhard Heydrich requested
pi5_CZfMTIk-01026-00244208-00244510 self-cleansing actions in June of that
pi5_CZfMTIk-01027-00244511-00244617 year the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-01028-00244619-00244807 organized militias who killed several
pi5_CZfMTIk-01029-00244808-00245029 thousand Jews in Western Ukraine soon
pi5_CZfMTIk-01030-00245030-00245131 afterward that year
pi5_CZfMTIk-01031-00245132-00245434 some historians such as Yad Vashem have
pi5_CZfMTIk-01032-00245435-00245623 claimed that milita's under the au UN's
pi5_CZfMTIk-01033-00245623-00245821 command were involved in the massacre of
pi5_CZfMTIk-01034-00245821-00246055 6,000 Jews in l'viv soon after that
pi5_CZfMTIk-01035-00246056-00246367 city's fall to German forces Oh UN
pi5_CZfMTIk-01036-00246367-00246573 members spread propaganda urging people
pi5_CZfMTIk-01037-00246575-00246910 to engage in pogroms a slogan put forth
pi5_CZfMTIk-01038-00246911-00247111 by the Bandera group and recorded in the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01039-00247112-00247429 July 16 1941 Einsatzgruppen report
pi5_CZfMTIk-01040-00247430-00247690 stated long live Ukraine without Jews
pi5_CZfMTIk-01041-00247691-00247951 poles and Germans pulls behind the river
pi5_CZfMTIk-01042-00247952-00248011 sand
pi5_CZfMTIk-01043-00248012-00248227 Germans to Berlin and Jews to the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01044-00248228-00248392 gallows
pi5_CZfMTIk-01045-00248392-00248569 in instructions to its members
pi5_CZfMTIk-01046-00248569-00248769 concerning how the oun should behave
pi5_CZfMTIk-01047-00248771-00249019 during the war it declared that in times
pi5_CZfMTIk-01048-00249019-00249400 of chaos one can allow oneself to
pi5_CZfMTIk-01049-00249401-00249619 liquidate Polish Russian and Jewish
pi5_CZfMTIk-01050-00249619-00249859 figures particularly the servants of
pi5_CZfMTIk-01051-00249860-00250121 Bolshevik muscovite imperialism and
pi5_CZfMTIk-01052-00250123-00250402 further when speaking of Russians poles
pi5_CZfMTIk-01053-00250403-00250686 and Jews to destroy and struggle
pi5_CZfMTIk-01054-00250687-00250930 particularly those opposing the regime
pi5_CZfMTIk-01055-00250931-00251134 by means of deporting them to their own
pi5_CZfMTIk-01056-00251135-00251362 lands eradicating their intelligentsia
pi5_CZfMTIk-01057-00251363-00251560 which is not to be admitted to any
pi5_CZfMTIk-01058-00251561-00251788 governmental positions and overall
pi5_CZfMTIk-01059-00251789-00251965 preventing any creation of this
pi5_CZfMTIk-01060-00251966-00252280 intelligentsia eg access to education
pi5_CZfMTIk-01061-00252281-00252742 etc Jews are to be isolated removed from
pi5_CZfMTIk-01062-00252742-00252934 governmental positions in order to
pi5_CZfMTIk-01063-00252935-00253191 prevent sabotage
pi5_CZfMTIk-01064-00253192-00253446 those who are deemed necessary may only
pi5_CZfMTIk-01065-00253446-00253662 work under strict supervision and
pi5_CZfMTIk-01066-00253663-00253808 removed from their positions for
pi5_CZfMTIk-01067-00253809-00254084 slightest misconduct
pi5_CZfMTIk-01068-00254085-00254390 Jewish assimilation is not possible Oh
pi5_CZfMTIk-01069-00254391-00254675 UN members who infiltrated the German
pi5_CZfMTIk-01070-00254676-00254876 police were involved in clearing ghettos
pi5_CZfMTIk-01071-00254877-00255059 and helping the Germans to implement the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01072-00255060-00255326 final solution although most Jews were
pi5_CZfMTIk-01073-00255327-00255537 actually killed by Germans the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-01074-00255538-00255734 police working for them played a crucial
pi5_CZfMTIk-01075-00255735-00255944 supporting role in the liquidation of
pi5_CZfMTIk-01076-00255944-00256194 200,000 Jews in Voland in the beginning
pi5_CZfMTIk-01077-00256194-00256394 of the war although in isolated cases
pi5_CZfMTIk-01078-00256395-00256641 Ukrainian policemen also helped Jews to
pi5_CZfMTIk-01079-00256642-00256880 escape the oun also helped some juice to
pi5_CZfMTIk-01080-00256881-00257139 escape according to a report to the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01081-00257140-00257345 chief of the security police in Berlin
pi5_CZfMTIk-01082-00257346-00257838 dated March 30th 1942 less than pre
pi5_CZfMTIk-01083-00257839-00258032 greater than / pre greater than
pi5_CZfMTIk-01084-00258033-00258224 dot-dot-dot it has been clearly
pi5_CZfMTIk-01085-00258225-00258444 established that the Bandera movement
pi5_CZfMTIk-01086-00258444-00258710 provided forged passports not only for
pi5_CZfMTIk-01087-00258711-00259097 its own members but also for Jews Oh UN
pi5_CZfMTIk-01088-00259098-00259322 bans also killed Jews who had fled into
pi5_CZfMTIk-01089-00259323-00259512 the forests from the Germans once the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01090-00259513-00259719 oun was at war with Germany such
pi5_CZfMTIk-01091-00259719-00259919 instances lessened and finally stopped
pi5_CZfMTIk-01092-00259920-00260297 an underground oun publication in 1943
pi5_CZfMTIk-01093-00260298-00260596 condemned German racism which carried
pi5_CZfMTIk-01094-00260597-00260825 anthropological nonsense to the absurd
pi5_CZfMTIk-01095-00260826-00261107 in the official organ of the oun B's
pi5_CZfMTIk-01096-00261108-00261347 leadership instructions to oun groups
pi5_CZfMTIk-01097-00261348-00261577 urged those groups to liquidate the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01098-00261578-00261785 manifestations of harmful foreign
pi5_CZfMTIk-01099-00261786-00262052 influence particularly the German racist
pi5_CZfMTIk-01100-00262053-00262376 concepts and practices there were many
pi5_CZfMTIk-01101-00262377-00262583 cases of Jews having been sheltered from
pi5_CZfMTIk-01102-00262584-00262839 the Nazis by the oun B's military wing
pi5_CZfMTIk-01103-00262840-00263013 oopah and Jews fought in the ranks of
pi5_CZfMTIk-01104-00263014-00263321 oopah finally the third oun Congress
pi5_CZfMTIk-01105-00263322-00263606 held in August 1943 proclaim equal
pi5_CZfMTIk-01106-00263607-00263798 rights to all minorities inhabiting
pi5_CZfMTIk-01107-00263799-00264134 Ukraine the oun position concerning the
pi5_CZfMTIk-01108-00264135-00264326 Jews was disseminated through its IDE
pi5_CZfMTIk-01109-00264327-00264564 iah in clandestine journal and it
pi5_CZfMTIk-01110-00264565-00264752 specifically asked for resistance to
pi5_CZfMTIk-01111-00264753-00265437 manifestations of anti-semitism
pi5_CZfMTIk-01112-00265438-00265946 topic symbols
pi5_CZfMTIk-01113-00265947-00266150 the organization symbols were
pi5_CZfMTIk-01114-00266151-00266393 established in 1932 and were published
pi5_CZfMTIk-01115-00266394-00266564 in a magazine building a nation
pi5_CZfMTIk-01116-00266565-00266804 Ukrainian Rose Beethoven ACI Roz
pi5_CZfMTIk-01117-00266805-00267089 Beethoven at sea the author of the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-01118-00267090-00267263 emblem with stylized Trident
pi5_CZfMTIk-01119-00267264-00267509 nationalistic Trident was Arles offski
pi5_CZfMTIk-01120-00267510-00267809 the organization's anthem we were born
pi5_CZfMTIk-01121-00267810-00268136 in a great our Ukrainian throttle is me
pi5_CZfMTIk-01122-00268137-00268430 Vela koi Gaudi me was finalized in 1934
pi5_CZfMTIk-01123-00268431-00268598 and also was published in the same
pi5_CZfMTIk-01124-00268599-00268841 magazine it's lyrics were written by
pi5_CZfMTIk-01125-00268842-00269072 oles babe I while music by composer
pi5_CZfMTIk-01126-00269073-00269324 Amelie and Ashanti ski for a long time o
pi5_CZfMTIk-01127-00269325-00269540 UN did not officially have its own flag
pi5_CZfMTIk-01128-00269541-00269753 however during the attempt of Hungarians
pi5_CZfMTIk-01129-00269754-00269972 to recapture the Carpathian Ukraine in
pi5_CZfMTIk-01130-00269973-00270290 1938 Carpathian sich a militarized wing
pi5_CZfMTIk-01131-00270291-00270356 of oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-01132-00270357-00270605 adopted its flag from the au UN's emblem
pi5_CZfMTIk-01133-00270606-00270812 golden nationalistic trident on a blue
pi5_CZfMTIk-01134-00270813-00271100 background the flag was finalized and
pi5_CZfMTIk-01135-00271101-00271304 officially adopted by the organization
pi5_CZfMTIk-01136-00271305-00271571 only in 1964 at the 5th assembly of
pi5_CZfMTIk-01137-00271572-00271877 Ukrainian nationalists during the world
pi5_CZfMTIk-01138-00271878-00272288 war ii in 1941 oun split the newly
pi5_CZfMTIk-01139-00272289-00272564 created organization Oh un revolutionary
pi5_CZfMTIk-01140-00272565-00272762 was headed by stepan bandera and
pi5_CZfMTIk-01141-00272763-00273110 sometimes is known as oun be o un are
pi5_CZfMTIk-01142-00273111-00273305 refused to adopt the nationalistic
pi5_CZfMTIk-01143-00273306-00273503 trident as a symbol and came up with its
pi5_CZfMTIk-01144-00273504-00273833 own heraldry as the original o UN emblem
pi5_CZfMTIk-01145-00273834-00274073 previously Robert Lisowski created in
pi5_CZfMTIk-01146-00274074-00274409 1941 the organizational emblem for oun R
pi5_CZfMTIk-01147-00274410-00274670 as well the central element of the new
pi5_CZfMTIk-01148-00274671-00274874 emblem was a stylized cross within a
pi5_CZfMTIk-01149-00274875-00275174 triangle according to Boden hosh offski
pi5_CZfMTIk-01150-00275175-00275384 the combination of colors red and black
pi5_CZfMTIk-01151-00275385-00275585 was based on a concept of the oun
pi5_CZfMTIk-01152-00275586-00275810 ideologue and a veteran of the Ukrainian
pi5_CZfMTIk-01153-00275811-00276500 Galician army Julian Bastian
pi5_CZfMTIk-01154-00276501-00277045 topic leaders
pi5_CZfMTIk-01155-00277046-00277582 1929 to 1938 yevon Kona valleys 1938 to
pi5_CZfMTIk-01156-00277583-00278137 1943 Melnick
pi5_CZfMTIk-01157-00278138-00278777 topic Oh you and Melnick
pi5_CZfMTIk-01158-00278778-00279429 19:42 1964 Andriy Melnik 1964 to 1977
pi5_CZfMTIk-01159-00279430-00279891 Olay stole 1977 to 1979
pi5_CZfMTIk-01160-00279892-00280382 Dennis kvitko ski 1979 to 2012 mica love
pi5_CZfMTIk-01161-00280383-00281065 play vehic 2012 Bowden cherubic
pi5_CZfMTIk-01162-00281066-00281714 topic oh you and Bandera
pi5_CZfMTIk-01163-00281715-00282360 1942 1959 stepan bandera 1959 to 1968
pi5_CZfMTIk-01164-00282361-00282906 stepan lankowski 1968 to 1986 Yaroslav
pi5_CZfMTIk-01165-00282907-00283635 Stetz co 1986 to 1991 vasily Olesky 1991
pi5_CZfMTIk-01166-00283636-00284151 to 2001 Slava Stetz Co 2001 to 2009
pi5_CZfMTIk-01167-00284152-00284928 Andriy height Amaka 2009 Stefan romantic
pi5_CZfMTIk-01168-00284929-00285569 topic Oh UN abroad
pi5_CZfMTIk-01169-00285570-00286245 1954 to 1956 Zenon Matla 1956 1957 lever
pi5_CZfMTIk-01170-00286246-00286935 abet 1957 Roman ill Natsuki 1979 bowden
pi5_CZfMTIk-01171-00286936-00287498 gorget 1979 to 1990 one Daria ribbit
pi5_CZfMTIk-01172-00287499-00288135 1991 Anatol Kaminski
pi5_CZfMTIk-01173-00288136-00288684 topic see also
pi5_CZfMTIk-01174-00288685-00289072 operation Vistula massacres of poles in
pi5_CZfMTIk-01175-00289073-00289384 Bohemia in Eastern Galicia roman
pi5_CZfMTIk-01176-00289385-00289743 shukhevych ukrainian youth association
pi5_CZfMTIk-01177-00289744-00290328 warsaw process
pi5_CZfMTIk-01178-00290329-00290830 topic notes
pi5_CZfMTIk-01179-00290831-00291202 equals equals footnotes
plR5TCco1ao-00001-00003379-00005478 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00002-00005479-00007267 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00003-00007268-00008031 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00004-00008033-00009364 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00005-00009365-00010826 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00006-00010827-00011932 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00007-00011933-00012695 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00008-00012696-00013854 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00009-00013855-00015061 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00010-00015062-00017279 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00011-00017280-00018013 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00012-00018014-00018786 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00013-00018787-00019495 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00014-00019496-00022275 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00015-00022276-00023771 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00016-00023772-00024449 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00017-00024450-00025514 all right together
plR5TCco1ao-00018-00025515-00025561 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00019-00025562-00025662 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00020-00025663-00027044 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00021-00027045-00027510 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00022-00027511-00028111 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00023-00028112-00028436 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00024-00028437-00029198 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00025-00029199-00029301 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00026-00029302-00029711 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00027-00029712-00029906 follow me
plR5TCco1ao-00028-00029907-00030257 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00029-00030258-00030657 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00030-00030658-00031385 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00031-00031386-00032051 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00032-00032052-00032596 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00033-00032597-00032928 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00034-00032929-00035651 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00035-00035652-00038331 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00036-00038332-00039545 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00037-00039546-00040739 all right
plR5TCco1ao-00038-00040740-00041374 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00040-00046128-00046552 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00041-00046553-00046675 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00042-00046676-00047832 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00043-00047833-00047948 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00044-00047949-00048960 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00045-00048961-00049856 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00046-00049857-00050146 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00048-00054729-00054869 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00050-00060347-00061012 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00051-00061013-00061553 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00053-00070266-00070419 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00054-00070420-00071387 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00055-00071388-00072085 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00056-00072086-00073354 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00057-00073355-00075149 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00058-00075150-00077243 good night
plR5TCco1ao-00060-00083339-00086262 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00061-00086263-00087160 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00062-00087161-00088685 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00063-00088686-00088900 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00064-00088901-00089058 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00065-00089059-00090365 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00066-00090366-00091322 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00067-00091323-00092106 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00069-00095586-00098350 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00070-00098351-00099975 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00071-00099976-00101895 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00072-00101896-00102604 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00073-00102605-00103414 myself
plR5TCco1ao-00074-00103415-00105178 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00075-00105179-00105334 giving me a wisdom
plR5TCco1ao-00076-00105335-00105749 you give him your pain
plR5TCco1ao-00077-00105750-00105940 oh
plR5TCco1ao-00078-00105941-00106608 yeah
plR5TCco1ao-00079-00106608-00108484 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00080-00108485-00108701 it's true what it should do this now
plR5TCco1ao-00081-00108702-00108928 which is
plR5TCco1ao-00082-00108929-00110315 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00083-00110316-00110519 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00084-00110520-00111007 my Hallelujah belongs
plR5TCco1ao-00085-00111008-00111497 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00086-00111498-00111856 my heart will be lost
plR5TCco1ao-00087-00111857-00112960 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00088-00112961-00113182 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00089-00113183-00114011 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00090-00114013-00115009 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00091-00115010-00115690 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00092-00115691-00116254 keep it all
plR5TCco1ao-00093-00116255-00118328 wrong
plR5TCco1ao-00094-00118329-00118996 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00095-00118997-00119251 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00096-00119252-00119802 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00097-00119803-00119969 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00098-00119970-00120673 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00099-00120674-00121918 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00100-00121919-00122328 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00101-00122329-00122355 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00102-00122356-00122951 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00103-00122952-00123160 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00104-00123161-00124309 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00105-00124310-00125690 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00106-00125691-00127295 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00107-00127296-00127731 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00108-00127732-00130607 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00109-00130608-00131297 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00110-00131298-00132154 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00111-00132155-00132989 all right
plR5TCco1ao-00112-00132990-00133366 again
plR5TCco1ao-00113-00133367-00133885 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00114-00133886-00134019 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00115-00134020-00134416 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00116-00134417-00134461 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00117-00134462-00135230 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00118-00135231-00135734 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00119-00135735-00137958 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00120-00137959-00138193 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00121-00138194-00138626 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00122-00138627-00139802 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00123-00139803-00141197 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00124-00141198-00141634 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00125-00141635-00143167 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00126-00143168-00144182 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00127-00144183-00144291 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00128-00144292-00144583 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00129-00144584-00145143 one more time
plR5TCco1ao-00130-00145144-00145418 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00131-00145419-00145709 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00132-00145710-00146212 we use Jesus
plR5TCco1ao-00133-00146213-00146232 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00134-00146233-00147043 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00135-00147044-00147321 you'll be friends
plR5TCco1ao-00136-00147322-00148637 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00137-00148638-00148811 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00138-00148812-00149704 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00139-00149705-00151282 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00140-00151283-00151481 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00141-00151482-00152063 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00142-00152064-00152809 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00143-00152810-00152836 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00144-00152837-00154295 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00145-00154296-00154475 hello
plR5TCco1ao-00146-00154476-00154895 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00147-00154896-00155406 everybody
plR5TCco1ao-00148-00155407-00156010 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00149-00156011-00156908 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00150-00156909-00158129 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00151-00158130-00159104 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00152-00159105-00160054 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00153-00160055-00161041 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00154-00161042-00161219 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00155-00161220-00161479 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00156-00161480-00164195 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00157-00164196-00164437 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00158-00164438-00165207 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00159-00165208-00167182 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00160-00167183-00167695 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00161-00167696-00168461 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00162-00168462-00169136 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00163-00169137-00169230 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00164-00169231-00170152 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00165-00170153-00170916 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00166-00170917-00171245 let me
plR5TCco1ao-00167-00171246-00171916 know
plR5TCco1ao-00168-00171917-00172511 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00169-00172512-00173149 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00170-00173150-00174410 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00171-00174411-00174761 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00172-00174762-00175511 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00173-00175512-00176669 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00174-00176670-00177055 everything
plR5TCco1ao-00175-00177056-00178007 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00176-00178008-00178393 is
plR5TCco1ao-00177-00178394-00179195 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00178-00179196-00179926 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00179-00179927-00180335 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00180-00180336-00180544 tonight
plR5TCco1ao-00181-00180545-00181367 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00182-00181368-00183040 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00183-00183041-00183833 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00184-00183834-00184858 again
plR5TCco1ao-00185-00184859-00186354 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00186-00186355-00187120 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00187-00187121-00187400 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00188-00187401-00187657 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00189-00187658-00188040 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00190-00188041-00188549 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00191-00188550-00189359 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00192-00189360-00189809 don't feel defeated Jesus
plR5TCco1ao-00193-00189810-00190540 he's a faithful God
plR5TCco1ao-00194-00190541-00190973 and gives us the victory
plR5TCco1ao-00195-00190974-00191164 he's a faithful
plR5TCco1ao-00196-00191165-00191273 to God
plR5TCco1ao-00197-00191274-00191785 we don't hear it he is
plR5TCco1ao-00198-00191786-00192026 with you he says
plR5TCco1ao-00199-00192027-00192235 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00200-00192236-00192599 kill you he is invited to do what he
plR5TCco1ao-00201-00192600-00192928 says he is equal to the just such as
plR5TCco1ao-00202-00192929-00194196 more than people
plR5TCco1ao-00203-00194197-00195138 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00204-00195139-00195437 he is the one that gives us the spoils
plR5TCco1ao-00205-00195438-00195719 of our enemies he is the almighty
plR5TCco1ao-00206-00195720-00196025 because
plR5TCco1ao-00207-00196026-00196194 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00208-00196195-00197927 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00209-00197928-00198971 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00210-00198972-00200227 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00212-00203520-00203743 together
plR5TCco1ao-00213-00203744-00206727 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00214-00206728-00207090 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00215-00207091-00208253 Victoria belongs
plR5TCco1ao-00216-00208254-00208642 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00217-00208644-00209260 Victory belong to me
plR5TCco1ao-00218-00209261-00209429 come on
plR5TCco1ao-00219-00209430-00209679 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00220-00209680-00210467 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00221-00210467-00210555 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00222-00210556-00213056 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00223-00213057-00214613 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00224-00214614-00215678 be quiet
plR5TCco1ao-00225-00215679-00216403 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00226-00216404-00217108 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00227-00217109-00217739 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00228-00217740-00217884 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00229-00217885-00218990 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00230-00218991-00220304 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00231-00220305-00221753 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00232-00221754-00224202 enough
plR5TCco1ao-00233-00224203-00225408 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00234-00225409-00226181 good morning
plR5TCco1ao-00235-00226182-00226448 coming through
plR5TCco1ao-00236-00226448-00227878 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00237-00227879-00228341 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00238-00228342-00228612 here
plR5TCco1ao-00239-00228613-00229541 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00240-00229542-00230808 because
plR5TCco1ao-00241-00230809-00231503 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00242-00231504-00232175 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00243-00232176-00232716 forever
plR5TCco1ao-00244-00232717-00233560 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00245-00233561-00233794 me
plR5TCco1ao-00246-00233796-00234227 but the Bible says
plR5TCco1ao-00247-00234228-00234810 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00248-00234811-00235344 and that is Jesus
plR5TCco1ao-00249-00235346-00236556 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00250-00236557-00237108 do not give us Revival experience
plR5TCco1ao-00251-00237109-00237301 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00252-00237302-00237942 oh do not keep us do not Minds
plR5TCco1ao-00253-00237944-00238582 his name is Jesus his name is Jesus
plR5TCco1ao-00254-00238583-00239934 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00255-00239935-00240994 we are all in Jesus
plR5TCco1ao-00256-00240996-00241127 everything
plR5TCco1ao-00257-00241128-00242405 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00258-00242406-00244456 else
plR5TCco1ao-00259-00244457-00244842 everybody
plR5TCco1ao-00260-00244844-00245155 else
plR5TCco1ao-00261-00245156-00246817 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00262-00246817-00247206 in Jesus
plR5TCco1ao-00263-00247207-00247853 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00264-00247854-00247913 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00265-00247914-00247937 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00267-00251706-00252406 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00268-00252407-00252627 adoration
plR5TCco1ao-00269-00252628-00254058 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00270-00254059-00254469 who is the father of my people
plR5TCco1ao-00271-00254471-00254971 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00272-00254971-00255463 who get here for us like you
plR5TCco1ao-00273-00255464-00255856 okay because
plR5TCco1ao-00274-00255857-00256091 like you
plR5TCco1ao-00275-00256092-00256337 who can show honestly like you
plR5TCco1ao-00276-00256338-00256517 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00277-00256517-00256810 can give a second chance like you
plR5TCco1ao-00278-00256811-00257158 ever try to find you and what sounds
plR5TCco1ao-00279-00257159-00257544 like you every time
plR5TCco1ao-00280-00257546-00257932 like you
plR5TCco1ao-00281-00257933-00258348 who get loved like you
plR5TCco1ao-00282-00258350-00258719 okay Blessed Like You
plR5TCco1ao-00283-00258719-00259139 who can promote like you
plR5TCco1ao-00284-00259140-00259492 you are a wonderful
plR5TCco1ao-00285-00259494-00259829 you are a wonderful
plR5TCco1ao-00286-00259830-00260177 witness your name king of glory
plR5TCco1ao-00287-00260178-00260373 let your baby
plR5TCco1ao-00288-00260375-00260819 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00289-00260819-00261191 there is no one like you there will
plR5TCco1ao-00290-00261192-00261448 never be anyone like you
plR5TCco1ao-00291-00261450-00261873 understand
plR5TCco1ao-00292-00261873-00262908 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00293-00262909-00263371 for everybody
plR5TCco1ao-00294-00263372-00264314 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00295-00264315-00264333 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00296-00264334-00264824 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00297-00264825-00265075 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00298-00265076-00265366 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00299-00265367-00265829 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00300-00265830-00266168 all day
plR5TCco1ao-00301-00266169-00266660 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00302-00266661-00266856 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00303-00266857-00267767 take us into the word Holy Spirit
plR5TCco1ao-00304-00267768-00267966 I hope it is
plR5TCco1ao-00305-00267967-00268985 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00306-00268986-00270019 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00307-00270020-00270239 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00308-00270240-00270473 we bless your name
plR5TCco1ao-00309-00270474-00270934 we pray this father in Jesus name and
plR5TCco1ao-00310-00270935-00271244 everybody say Amen
plR5TCco1ao-00311-00271245-00271337 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00312-00271338-00271601 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00313-00271602-00271713 Hallelujah
plR5TCco1ao-00314-00271714-00273129 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00315-00273130-00273577 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00316-00273578-00273949 the the problem with the worshiper is
plR5TCco1ao-00317-00273950-00274277 you begin to fight when they are all the
plR5TCco1ao-00318-00274278-00274611 old times because you
plR5TCco1ao-00320-00282294-00282623 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00321-00282624-00282977 as if the country is full because you
plR5TCco1ao-00322-00282978-00283265 know he knows
plR5TCco1ao-00323-00283266-00283469 no you know the problem is that we come
plR5TCco1ao-00324-00283470-00284269 to God as if he does not talk
plR5TCco1ao-00325-00284270-00284560 Matthew 6 32
plR5TCco1ao-00326-00284561-00284971 uses
plR5TCco1ao-00327-00284972-00285366 we come to God
plR5TCco1ao-00328-00285367-00285677 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00329-00285678-00285917 let's read this together one two three
plR5TCco1ao-00330-00285918-00286103 let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00331-00286104-00286719 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00332-00286720-00287753 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00333-00287754-00288682 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00334-00288683-00289655 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00335-00289656-00290174 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00336-00290175-00291942 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00337-00291943-00293255 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00338-00293256-00293747 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00339-00293748-00293973 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00340-00293974-00295508 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00341-00295509-00297089 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00342-00297090-00297823 baby
plR5TCco1ao-00343-00297824-00298258 your father calls you once upon
plR5TCco1ao-00344-00298259-00298582 somebody your father knows that you have
plR5TCco1ao-00345-00298583-00299010 walked over time
plR5TCco1ao-00346-00299011-00299260 I know
plR5TCco1ao-00347-00299261-00299825 that you want to take over
plR5TCco1ao-00348-00299826-00300443 tell somebody give me verse 33 Elizabeth
plR5TCco1ao-00349-00300444-00301553 Earth
plR5TCco1ao-00350-00301554-00301932 is a sick person his kingdom and his
plR5TCco1ao-00351-00301933-00302441 righteousness they want to happen
plR5TCco1ao-00352-00302442-00302687 talk to me then what will happen
plR5TCco1ao-00353-00302688-00303269 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00354-00303270-00303587 listen to Broken
plR5TCco1ao-00355-00303588-00303910 this church you don't know about the
plR5TCco1ao-00356-00303911-00304163 people who will lead industry they are
plR5TCco1ao-00357-00304164-00304789 going to be born in this church
plR5TCco1ao-00358-00304790-00305130 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00359-00305131-00305495 you talk about people who are going to
plR5TCco1ao-00360-00305496-00305879 bring value in an alcohol way they'll
plR5TCco1ao-00361-00305880-00306083 come from this finish
plR5TCco1ao-00362-00306084-00306287 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00363-00306288-00306604 I know what I'm talking about I know
plR5TCco1ao-00364-00306605-00307054 what I can I know my anointing
plR5TCco1ao-00365-00307055-00307271 there are people who carry an anointing
plR5TCco1ao-00366-00307272-00307680 when they start they'll see divorce
plR5TCco1ao-00367-00307681-00308075 they are having an anointing of dominion
plR5TCco1ao-00368-00308076-00308213 of rulership
plR5TCco1ao-00369-00308214-00308579 I sit on the seat of wisdom
plR5TCco1ao-00370-00308580-00308854 so when I said the things that are not
plR5TCco1ao-00371-00308855-00309119 saying don't try to lose your mind to
plR5TCco1ao-00372-00309120-00309425 interpret them
plR5TCco1ao-00373-00309426-00309593 the people
plR5TCco1ao-00374-00309594-00310019 that will run ngos a big body in the
plR5TCco1ao-00375-00310020-00310153 church
plR5TCco1ao-00376-00310154-00310480 the people that will leave this nation
plR5TCco1ao-00377-00310481-00310753 are in this church
plR5TCco1ao-00378-00310754-00311123 the big one can impact on This Nation
plR5TCco1ao-00379-00311124-00311304 are in this place
plR5TCco1ao-00380-00311305-00311845 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00381-00311846-00312087 are in this church
plR5TCco1ao-00382-00312088-00312287 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00383-00312288-00312569 you must understand the House of Wisdom
plR5TCco1ao-00384-00312570-00312821 raises Joseph
plR5TCco1ao-00385-00312822-00313169 Egypt will not survive without trouble
plR5TCco1ao-00386-00313170-00313384 you must understand they have
plR5TCco1ao-00387-00313385-00313663 to go raise the stadium
plR5TCco1ao-00388-00313664-00313984 cannot survive without
plR5TCco1ao-00389-00313985-00314105 Daniel
plR5TCco1ao-00390-00314106-00314467 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00391-00314468-00315075 time where what makes sense
plR5TCco1ao-00392-00315076-00316080 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00393-00316081-00316673 wow why would God pick for the church
plR5TCco1ao-00394-00316674-00317153 apartment
plR5TCco1ao-00395-00317154-00317608 we have decided to honor this
plR5TCco1ao-00396-00317609-00317891 as a Ministry we have decided to order
plR5TCco1ao-00397-00317892-00318173 his heart
plR5TCco1ao-00398-00318174-00318676 we have decided to go into what is God
plR5TCco1ao-00399-00318677-00318899 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00400-00318900-00319277 and hearing we cannot honor God like
plR5TCco1ao-00401-00319278-00319362 that
plR5TCco1ao-00402-00319363-00319729 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00403-00319730-00320056 you see if you could see the light of
plR5TCco1ao-00404-00320057-00320293 corner that God has revealed to me
plR5TCco1ao-00405-00320294-00320669 you cannot honor God
plR5TCco1ao-00406-00320670-00321199 like that
plR5TCco1ao-00407-00321200-00321515 Pegasus Legacy give me first Samuel
plR5TCco1ao-00408-00321516-00321815 chapter 2 verses
plR5TCco1ao-00409-00321816-00322330 that first Samuel chapter two versions
plR5TCco1ao-00410-00322331-00323075 last week we started on the law of Honor
plR5TCco1ao-00411-00323076-00323425 Church
plR5TCco1ao-00412-00323426-00323782 therefore the Lord the god of Israel
plR5TCco1ao-00413-00323783-00323927 declares
plR5TCco1ao-00414-00323928-00324304 I promise that your house and your
plR5TCco1ao-00415-00324305-00324575 father's house would Minister before me
plR5TCco1ao-00416-00324576-00325217 forever listen
plR5TCco1ao-00417-00325218-00325847 is
plR5TCco1ao-00418-00325848-00326195 why is god making such a radical and
plR5TCco1ao-00419-00326196-00326579 harsh pronouncement why is God changing
plR5TCco1ao-00420-00326580-00326709 the words
plR5TCco1ao-00421-00326710-00327460 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00422-00327461-00327830 but now
plR5TCco1ao-00423-00327831-00328321 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00424-00328322-00328627 those who honor
plR5TCco1ao-00425-00328628-00328763 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00426-00328764-00329104 how about this I want you to wake up
plR5TCco1ao-00427-00329105-00329579 read with me let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00428-00329580-00329789 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00429-00329790-00330125 what will happen
plR5TCco1ao-00430-00330126-00330629 but
plR5TCco1ao-00431-00330630-00330989 you know I told you last year one of the
plR5TCco1ao-00432-00330990-00331480 major Revelations God gave me was boss
plR5TCco1ao-00433-00331481-00332094 both
plR5TCco1ao-00434-00332095-00332308 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00435-00332309-00333119 this is
plR5TCco1ao-00436-00333120-00333389 I will
plR5TCco1ao-00437-00333390-00333545 on
plR5TCco1ao-00438-00333546-00333791 tell your neighbor to say I hope I'm not
plR5TCco1ao-00439-00333792-00334254 sitting to those who is what I want
plR5TCco1ao-00440-00334255-00334803 everything I hope you foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00441-00334804-00335695 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00442-00335696-00336485 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00443-00336486-00337745 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00444-00337746-00338521 despising
plR5TCco1ao-00445-00338522-00338765 in a church like this that everyone
plR5TCco1ao-00446-00338766-00339160 loves God everyone hears all everyone
plR5TCco1ao-00447-00339161-00339421 wants to all of God
plR5TCco1ao-00448-00339422-00339749 you said your life with your relatives
plR5TCco1ao-00449-00339750-00339977 with your friends that everyone is with
plR5TCco1ao-00450-00339978-00340158 you no
plR5TCco1ao-00451-00340159-00340463 they are lost
plR5TCco1ao-00452-00340464-00340751 there alone
plR5TCco1ao-00453-00340752-00340997 you don't know the peace I had last year
plR5TCco1ao-00454-00340998-00341189 beginning of last year when God showed
plR5TCco1ao-00455-00341190-00341410 me this Revelation that they are those
plR5TCco1ao-00456-00341411-00341651 who catch things they are those who are
plR5TCco1ao-00457-00341652-00341873 water they are those who are made they
plR5TCco1ao-00458-00341874-00342047 are those who will sing they are also
plR5TCco1ao-00459-00342048-00342299 calcium industry in their life they are
plR5TCco1ao-00460-00342300-00343147 no they are
plR5TCco1ao-00461-00343148-00343979 not everyone
plR5TCco1ao-00462-00343980-00344227 do you know the problem
plR5TCco1ao-00463-00344228-00344741 your wife might be the one who's there
plR5TCco1ao-00464-00344742-00345029 your husband might be your wife who
plR5TCco1ao-00465-00345030-00345365 doesn't honor God your friend he called
plR5TCco1ao-00466-00345366-00345556 might be the one who has been more than
plR5TCco1ao-00467-00345557-00345880 God your friend asked us by anyone who
plR5TCco1ao-00468-00345881-00346156 doesn't honor God
plR5TCco1ao-00469-00346157-00346408 because there is no specification on
plR5TCco1ao-00470-00346409-00346478 those
plR5TCco1ao-00471-00346479-00346810 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00472-00346811-00347123 the Bible just says there are those who
plR5TCco1ao-00473-00347124-00347279 honor me
plR5TCco1ao-00474-00347280-00347530 and have honor them but they are those
plR5TCco1ao-00475-00347531-00347819 who despise him and there will make this
plR5TCco1ao-00476-00347820-00348251 day
plR5TCco1ao-00477-00348252-00348497 as soon people will not broken in the
plR5TCco1ao-00478-00348498-00348682 church how will that person do that that
plR5TCco1ao-00479-00348683-00348851 person is a deal how could that person
plR5TCco1ao-00480-00348852-00349043 do that that person is impossible listen
plR5TCco1ao-00481-00349044-00349301 to the word of God they are those who
plR5TCco1ao-00482-00349302-00349475 are strength they are those who are
plR5TCco1ao-00483-00349476-00349660 promised
plR5TCco1ao-00484-00349661-00349949 they are both want to do right there are
plR5TCco1ao-00485-00349950-00350369 those who don't care about doing right
plR5TCco1ao-00486-00350370-00350567 so when you're going without this
plR5TCco1ao-00487-00350568-00350677 Revelation
plR5TCco1ao-00488-00350678-00351034 that God says those that order is
plR5TCco1ao-00489-00351035-00351401 healing those who order me I will order
plR5TCco1ao-00490-00351402-00351706 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00491-00351707-00351810 listen
plR5TCco1ao-00492-00351811-00352265 I do not want to please play
plR5TCco1ao-00493-00352266-00353172 utterly with all the people please
plR5TCco1ao-00494-00353173-00353489 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00495-00353490-00353777 this law I have been treating it inside
plR5TCco1ao-00496-00353778-00354203 me like a crazy person
plR5TCco1ao-00497-00354204-00354817 I want everything I do to be honorable
plR5TCco1ao-00498-00354818-00355258 when I started before God must say well
plR5TCco1ao-00499-00355259-00355453 that I do that
plR5TCco1ao-00500-00355454-00355775 you honor everything I send you out of
plR5TCco1ao-00501-00355776-00355913 it
plR5TCco1ao-00502-00355914-00356177 do you know that right now as you are
plR5TCco1ao-00503-00356178-00356434 citizen there are many people wanting
plR5TCco1ao-00504-00356435-00356723 this morning right now
plR5TCco1ao-00505-00356724-00357154 because God spoke to you
plR5TCco1ao-00506-00357155-00357792 everybody
plR5TCco1ao-00507-00357793-00358343 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00508-00358344-00358955 do you understand the question again
plR5TCco1ao-00509-00358956-00359291 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00510-00359292-00359651 listen he was excited books
plR5TCco1ao-00511-00359652-00360132 review
plR5TCco1ao-00512-00360133-00360484 it came to us
plR5TCco1ao-00513-00360485-00360845 questions that don't speak
plR5TCco1ao-00514-00360846-00361204 yes yes but can someone honor what God
plR5TCco1ao-00515-00361205-00361675 Said
plR5TCco1ao-00516-00361676-00362284 to you
plR5TCco1ao-00517-00362285-00362482 do you know how many things from the
plR5TCco1ao-00518-00362483-00363077 title of God again God has spoken to you
plR5TCco1ao-00519-00363078-00363647 and to order it the day is peace
plR5TCco1ao-00520-00363648-00364145 objection
plR5TCco1ao-00521-00364146-00364313 yeah
plR5TCco1ao-00522-00364314-00366802 I saw myself
plR5TCco1ao-00523-00366803-00367110 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00524-00367111-00367589 two months after two months I thought
plR5TCco1ao-00525-00367590-00367991 did God stop speaking
plR5TCco1ao-00526-00367992-00368327 if God woke me up I must be praying for
plR5TCco1ao-00527-00368328-00368639 you but show me that God is praying for
plR5TCco1ao-00528-00368640-00368785 your father I'll pray for you
plR5TCco1ao-00529-00368786-00368915 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00530-00368916-00370103 for your series
plR5TCco1ao-00531-00370104-00370453 tell somebody I'm telling man to order
plR5TCco1ao-00532-00370454-00370739 come and tell somebody I am turning back
plR5TCco1ao-00533-00370740-00371056 to honor
plR5TCco1ao-00534-00371057-00371428 now I wanted to write this down
plR5TCco1ao-00535-00371429-00373435 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00536-00373436-00374469 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00537-00374470-00374795 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00538-00374796-00375101 because you have to choose to order you
plR5TCco1ao-00539-00375102-00375419 have to choose to work in order
plR5TCco1ao-00540-00375420-00375520 it is
plR5TCco1ao-00541-00375521-00375664 [Applause]
plR5TCco1ao-00542-00375665-00376219 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00543-00376220-00376571 important order has to be taught while
plR5TCco1ao-00544-00376572-00376853 you are young
plR5TCco1ao-00545-00376854-00377123 order has to be taught while you're
plR5TCco1ao-00546-00377124-00377741 young
plR5TCco1ao-00547-00377742-00377969 if you do
plR5TCco1ao-00548-00377970-00378425 area my God
plR5TCco1ao-00549-00378426-00378984 honor us
plR5TCco1ao-00550-00378985-00379269 order has to be told what is
plR5TCco1ao-00551-00379270-00379475 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00552-00379476-00379780 do you know that most of the other
plR5TCco1ao-00553-00379781-00380032 problems that we have today
plR5TCco1ao-00554-00380033-00380380 is the dishonor that was not dealt with
plR5TCco1ao-00555-00380381-00380723 in general
plR5TCco1ao-00556-00380724-00381004 church talk to me there are some
plR5TCco1ao-00557-00381005-00381353 problems that we have most of them it is
plR5TCco1ao-00558-00381354-00381634 the disorder that was allowed to grow
plR5TCco1ao-00559-00381635-00382883 from a better age
plR5TCco1ao-00560-00382884-00383251 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00561-00383252-00383519 those are the problem children problem
plR5TCco1ao-00562-00383520-00383825 people problem adults have you seen that
plR5TCco1ao-00563-00383826-00384413 there are people who knows
plR5TCco1ao-00564-00384414-00384628 what you're living with me didn't start
plR5TCco1ao-00565-00384629-00385327 there what have you even started
plR5TCco1ao-00566-00385328-00385673 saying come out of the devil come down
plR5TCco1ao-00567-00385674-00385877 you shouldn't crying on the table it
plR5TCco1ao-00568-00385878-00386128 says number
plR5TCco1ao-00569-00386129-00386270 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00570-00386271-00386932 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00571-00386933-00387889 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00572-00387890-00388975 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00573-00388976-00389201 thank you
plR5TCco1ao-00574-00389202-00389530 that's the best of on top
plR5TCco1ao-00575-00389531-00389771 most parents will have the best child
plR5TCco1ao-00576-00389772-00389987 they don't know they are left from their
plR5TCco1ao-00577-00389988-00390263 rights they are testing water so they
plR5TCco1ao-00578-00390264-00390497 don't want to be harsh they don't know
plR5TCco1ao-00579-00390498-00390671 the Lord received they don't know how to
plR5TCco1ao-00580-00390672-00390893 correct a child so they will watch a
plR5TCco1ao-00581-00390894-00391195 child is
plR5TCco1ao-00582-00391196-00391480 rebellious they watch their seat of the
plR5TCco1ao-00583-00391481-00391913 Sun and blowing it out
plR5TCco1ao-00584-00391914-00392356 and hear me that's helpful
plR5TCco1ao-00585-00392357-00392946 will be the same adolescent young guys
plR5TCco1ao-00586-00392947-00393239 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00587-00393240-00394817 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00588-00394818-00396378 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00589-00396379-00396851 we have a lot of people in jail today
plR5TCco1ao-00590-00396852-00397025 do you know there's a lot of broken
plR5TCco1ao-00591-00397026-00397745 marriages today because of this one
plR5TCco1ao-00592-00397746-00398077 do you know I don't care who you married
plR5TCco1ao-00593-00398078-00399018 everyone is a king it is all right
plR5TCco1ao-00594-00399019-00399743 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00595-00399744-00400397 he's a king his wife
plR5TCco1ao-00596-00400398-00400678 they don't want to surprises
plR5TCco1ao-00597-00400679-00401082 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00598-00401083-00402775 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00599-00402776-00404276 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00600-00404277-00404675 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00601-00404676-00404968 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00602-00404969-00406536 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00603-00406537-00407980 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00604-00407981-00408287 Hebrews 13 verse 4.
plR5TCco1ao-00605-00408288-00408556 currently these church together one two
plR5TCco1ao-00606-00408557-00408906 three let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00607-00408907-00409360 one two three let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00608-00409361-00409699 one two three let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00609-00409700-00410014 both are not happy that's insane
plR5TCco1ao-00610-00410016-00410249 marriage should be honored just by the
plR5TCco1ao-00611-00410250-00410374 wife
plR5TCco1ao-00612-00410375-00410987 marriage is
plR5TCco1ao-00613-00410988-00411234 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00614-00411235-00412003 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00615-00412004-00413120 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00616-00413121-00414338 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00617-00414339-00415332 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00618-00415333-00417378 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00619-00417379-00417616 like that
plR5TCco1ao-00620-00417617-00418453 by the way let me ask this doctors
plR5TCco1ao-00621-00418454-00418697 who taught us that
plR5TCco1ao-00622-00418697-00419459 which demonic Water started
plR5TCco1ao-00623-00419460-00419668 if you see with all these other women
plR5TCco1ao-00624-00419669-00419885 here they will tell you it doesn't stop
plR5TCco1ao-00625-00419885-00420268 is in their heart
plR5TCco1ao-00626-00420269-00420581 imagine Demons came up with answering
plR5TCco1ao-00627-00420582-00420881 his marriage to say a man can mess up
plR5TCco1ao-00628-00420882-00421335 and it's okay
plR5TCco1ao-00629-00421337-00421951 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00630-00421952-00422664 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00631-00422665-00422914 who told you
plR5TCco1ao-00632-00422915-00423172 now it's okay
plR5TCco1ao-00633-00423173-00423785 and the woman must contain it
plR5TCco1ao-00634-00423785-00424714 the Bible says
plR5TCco1ao-00635-00424715-00424979 if you sleep out you have chosen to
plR5TCco1ao-00636-00424980-00425693 break together
plR5TCco1ao-00637-00425693-00425999 listen if you sit down with me you know
plR5TCco1ao-00638-00426000-00426310 I don't believe
plR5TCco1ao-00639-00426312-00426539 you know I'll teach you normal
plR5TCco1ao-00640-00426539-00426989 understanding women about it
plR5TCco1ao-00641-00426989-00427541 I don't believe anymore
plR5TCco1ao-00642-00427542-00427733 because I've led to the kingdom with
plR5TCco1ao-00643-00427734-00427943 what Jesus taught
plR5TCco1ao-00644-00427943-00428147 but do you know that our lord Jesus are
plR5TCco1ao-00645-00428147-00428470 saying when one person sleeps out
plR5TCco1ao-00646-00428471-00429397 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00647-00429399-00431101 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00648-00431102-00432772 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00649-00432773-00433133 15.
plR5TCco1ao-00650-00433134-00433709 we have wisdom of men not the son of God
plR5TCco1ao-00651-00433710-00434525 can we read this together
plR5TCco1ao-00652-00434526-00434951 but their hearts are
plR5TCco1ao-00653-00434952-00435257 like how did their hearts become follow
plR5TCco1ao-00654-00435258-00435697 next event
plR5TCco1ao-00655-00435697-00436014 one two three
plR5TCco1ao-00656-00436015-00436260 worship me in
plR5TCco1ao-00657-00436262-00436714 why they are teaching our life
plR5TCco1ao-00658-00436715-00437560 rules
plR5TCco1ao-00659-00437562-00437718 you know in Jerusalem
plR5TCco1ao-00660-00437720-00437909 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00661-00437910-00438641 for you that we can sleep with anyhow
plR5TCco1ao-00662-00438642-00438863 by the way when the Holy Spirit begins
plR5TCco1ao-00663-00438864-00439283 to talk about something small
plR5TCco1ao-00664-00439284-00439637 so just here don't be the Bible says
plR5TCco1ao-00665-00439638-00439853 that fool does not listen
plR5TCco1ao-00666-00439854-00440170 a wise person will listen and they will
plR5TCco1ao-00667-00440171-00440383 adapt they will change
plR5TCco1ao-00668-00440384-00440639 but the foolish person they will get
plR5TCco1ao-00669-00440639-00440903 annoyed over a pastor
plR5TCco1ao-00670-00440904-00441466 that changes
plR5TCco1ao-00671-00441467-00442187 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00672-00442188-00442897 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00673-00442897-00444899 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00674-00444900-00446664 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00675-00446665-00447879 don't believe me
plR5TCco1ao-00676-00447880-00449525 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-00677-00449526-00449729 I told you I wanted to show you
plR5TCco1ao-00678-00449730-00450107 something about who God is
plR5TCco1ao-00679-00450108-00450335 last week I showed you from John that
plR5TCco1ao-00680-00450335-00450605 God is Not Just God but he's our father
plR5TCco1ao-00681-00450606-00450827 you remember that
plR5TCco1ao-00682-00450828-00451127 let's look at it I need to wrap up with
plR5TCco1ao-00683-00451128-00451645 that direction
plR5TCco1ao-00684-00451646-00452081 John John John John John John
plR5TCco1ao-00685-00452082-00452279 is someone receiving the word of the
plR5TCco1ao-00686-00452280-00452501 Lord
plR5TCco1ao-00687-00452502-00452705 tell somebody I will live by the law of
plR5TCco1ao-00688-00452706-00452975 Honor
plR5TCco1ao-00689-00452976-00453179 by the way if you are dating and you
plR5TCco1ao-00690-00453180-00453455 want to get married you do not have time
plR5TCco1ao-00691-00453456-00453749 to investigate a person's life
plR5TCco1ao-00692-00453750-00454549 study if they live by the law of Honor
plR5TCco1ao-00693-00454550-00455885 quests foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00694-00455885-00456077 we have been counseling for over 20
plR5TCco1ao-00695-00456078-00456172 years
plR5TCco1ao-00696-00456173-00456401 we are what I've told you right now will
plR5TCco1ao-00697-00456402-00456605 save you pain
plR5TCco1ao-00698-00456606-00456857 if you are marrying a girl whom no one
plR5TCco1ao-00699-00456858-00457060 can talk to you are marrying a man whom
plR5TCco1ao-00700-00457062-00457301 no one can talk to you will find what
plR5TCco1ao-00701-00457302-00457727 you marry
plR5TCco1ao-00702-00457728-00458075 John quickly quickly John chapter 20.
plR5TCco1ao-00703-00458076-00458447 John chapter 20 verse 17 John chapter 20
plR5TCco1ao-00704-00458447-00458722 verse 17.
plR5TCco1ao-00705-00458723-00458909 can we read this together one two three
plR5TCco1ao-00706-00458910-00459016 let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00707-00459017-00459395 Jesus said do not
plR5TCco1ao-00708-00459396-00459755 for
plR5TCco1ao-00709-00459756-00460066 go instead to my
plR5TCco1ao-00710-00460067-00460481 and tell them I am
plR5TCco1ao-00711-00460482-00460679 and
plR5TCco1ao-00712-00460680-00460841 to my
plR5TCco1ao-00713-00460842-00460997 and
plR5TCco1ao-00714-00460997-00461260 so we've established that isn't it
plR5TCco1ao-00715-00461262-00461614 God is our father and he's our God
plR5TCco1ao-00716-00461615-00461831 Malachi chapter
plR5TCco1ao-00717-00461832-00462022 1 verse 6.
plR5TCco1ao-00718-00462023-00462364 if he is a father Listen to What a son
plR5TCco1ao-00719-00462365-00462605 is supposed to carry
plR5TCco1ao-00720-00462606-00462947 Malachi 1 verse 6. can we read this
plR5TCco1ao-00721-00462947-00463193 together one two three let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00722-00463193-00463745 a son honors his father and a servant is
plR5TCco1ao-00723-00463746-00464099 Master if I am
plR5TCco1ao-00724-00464100-00464435 talk to me if I am
plR5TCco1ao-00725-00464435-00464753 talk to me if I am
plR5TCco1ao-00726-00464754-00465007 what's the question if I am a father
plR5TCco1ao-00727-00465008-00465353 where is
plR5TCco1ao-00728-00465354-00465551 and hear me that's the question God is
plR5TCco1ao-00729-00465552-00465803 asking us today as Barack Ministries you
plR5TCco1ao-00730-00465804-00465989 call me God you say I'm your father
plR5TCco1ao-00731-00465989-00466235 question is where is the owner do you
plR5TCco1ao-00732-00466235-00466529 mean
plR5TCco1ao-00733-00466530-00466883 where is the owner Jimmy
plR5TCco1ao-00734-00466884-00467435 let me show you another aspect of God
plR5TCco1ao-00735-00467435-00467645 because there are two aspects that
plR5TCco1ao-00736-00467646-00467903 ignite honor from God
plR5TCco1ao-00737-00467904-00468389 First Timothy
plR5TCco1ao-00738-00468389-00468760 look at chapter 1 and verse 17.
plR5TCco1ao-00739-00468762-00469109 First Timothy chapter 1 and verse 17.
plR5TCco1ao-00740-00469110-00469301 I want you to follow me because I want
plR5TCco1ao-00741-00469302-00469493 you to know who God is
plR5TCco1ao-00742-00469493-00469672 and because a lot of people have not
plR5TCco1ao-00743-00469673-00469895 known who God is they carry dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-00744-00469896-00470093 when they go to God
plR5TCco1ao-00745-00470093-00470333 they go to God with so much dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-00746-00470334-00470843 that he can't relate with them
plR5TCco1ao-00747-00470843-00471053 there is a reason why there are only
plR5TCco1ao-00748-00471054-00471251 certain people you read of who walked
plR5TCco1ao-00749-00471252-00471610 with God
plR5TCco1ao-00750-00471612-00471941 verse 17 First Timothy chapter 1 verse
plR5TCco1ao-00751-00471942-00472175 17 can we read this together one two
plR5TCco1ao-00752-00472176-00472327 three let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00753-00472328-00472687 now to there
plR5TCco1ao-00754-00472688-00473266 Immortal invisible the only
plR5TCco1ao-00755-00473267-00473501 be
plR5TCco1ao-00756-00473502-00473968 be
plR5TCco1ao-00757-00473969-00474527 listen the Bible says if he is a king
plR5TCco1ao-00758-00474528-00474851 they must be honor
plR5TCco1ao-00759-00474852-00475295 there must be glory
plR5TCco1ao-00760-00475296-00475468 and that's why you must understand the
plR5TCco1ao-00761-00475469-00475666 teaching about Kingdom
plR5TCco1ao-00762-00475667-00476057 and why we are even learning about honor
plR5TCco1ao-00763-00476058-00476387 he says now to the king Eternal
plR5TCco1ao-00764-00476388-00476837 immortally visible the only God
plR5TCco1ao-00765-00476838-00477263 be honor and Glory forever and ever
plR5TCco1ao-00766-00477264-00477695 tell somebody honor belongs to him
plR5TCco1ao-00767-00477696-00478205 tell somebody honor belongs to him
plR5TCco1ao-00768-00478206-00478513 look at the same First Timothy chapter 6
plR5TCco1ao-00769-00478514-00478745 verse 15.
plR5TCco1ao-00770-00478746-00478997 First Timothy chapter six
plR5TCco1ao-00771-00478997-00479543 verse 15.
plR5TCco1ao-00772-00479543-00479807 can we read this together one two three
plR5TCco1ao-00773-00479808-00479939 let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00774-00479939-00480359 which God will bring about in his own
plR5TCco1ao-00775-00480360-00480689 God the what
plR5TCco1ao-00776-00480689-00481079 movement
plR5TCco1ao-00777-00481080-00481247 God
plR5TCco1ao-00778-00481247-00481451 there
plR5TCco1ao-00779-00481452-00481763 and only
plR5TCco1ao-00780-00481764-00482077 the king of
plR5TCco1ao-00781-00482078-00482345 and Lord of
plR5TCco1ao-00782-00482346-00482807 give me the next verse
plR5TCco1ao-00783-00482808-00483089 look at look at the depth of who he is
plR5TCco1ao-00784-00483089-00483395 who our Lord is
plR5TCco1ao-00785-00483396-00483983 and who lives in
plR5TCco1ao-00786-00483984-00484283 whom no one has
plR5TCco1ao-00787-00484284-00484516 okay
plR5TCco1ao-00788-00484517-00484859 to him be
plR5TCco1ao-00789-00484860-00485387 to him be
plR5TCco1ao-00790-00485388-00485633 so if you have no revelation of him as
plR5TCco1ao-00791-00485634-00485741 king
plR5TCco1ao-00792-00485742-00485945 you will not have a revelation that he
plR5TCco1ao-00793-00485946-00486491 needs to be honored
plR5TCco1ao-00794-00486492-00486701 you will treat God
plR5TCco1ao-00795-00486702-00486983 just the way you treat any other person
plR5TCco1ao-00796-00486984-00487270 don't forget the definition for Honor
plR5TCco1ao-00797-00487271-00487583 honor is the ability to discern
plR5TCco1ao-00798-00487584-00487841 someone's difference
plR5TCco1ao-00799-00487842-00488243 then you celebrate and reward them by
plR5TCco1ao-00800-00488243-00488497 honoring them
plR5TCco1ao-00801-00488497-00488920 honor is the ability to descend
plR5TCco1ao-00802-00488921-00489245 honor is the ability to descend this
plR5TCco1ao-00803-00489246-00489505 person is not like me
plR5TCco1ao-00804-00489506-00490018 he is God he is my father he is King he
plR5TCco1ao-00805-00490019-00490147 is Creator
plR5TCco1ao-00806-00490147-00490522 honor is the ability to discern
plR5TCco1ao-00807-00490523-00490841 when you descend someone
plR5TCco1ao-00808-00490842-00491266 then the Bible says you are now supposed
plR5TCco1ao-00809-00491267-00491633 to honor them the Bible says
plR5TCco1ao-00810-00491634-00492149 to him be
plR5TCco1ao-00811-00492150-00492425 do you know the danger with this
plR5TCco1ao-00812-00492426-00492713 imagine God's taught the children of
plR5TCco1ao-00813-00492714-00493060 Israel in Malachi a very dangerous thing
plR5TCco1ao-00814-00493062-00493301 give me Malachi chapter
plR5TCco1ao-00815-00493302-00493559 1 verse 11. I want you to see this it
plR5TCco1ao-00816-00493560-00493937 came too strong
plR5TCco1ao-00817-00493938-00494327 it's not even about offerings
plR5TCco1ao-00818-00494328-00494716 because imagine he says something
plR5TCco1ao-00819-00494717-00494909 let's start from verse 10 so that you
plR5TCco1ao-00820-00494910-00495233 see what he told the children of Israel
plR5TCco1ao-00821-00495234-00495407 look at me let me explain this the
plR5TCco1ao-00822-00495408-00495718 children of Israel God gave them to
plR5TCco1ao-00823-00495719-00495857 honor
plR5TCco1ao-00824-00495858-00496157 he said in the book of O Exodus anywhere
plR5TCco1ao-00825-00496158-00496385 where I cause my name to be honored
plR5TCco1ao-00826-00496385-00496643 there must be an altar there where you
plR5TCco1ao-00827-00496643-00496883 bring offering and sacrifice that's what
plR5TCco1ao-00828-00496884-00497159 he told them because I am a great king
plR5TCco1ao-00829-00497160-00497375 but their thoughts you know I left
plR5TCco1ao-00830-00497376-00497675 pangasana they don't say offering
plR5TCco1ao-00831-00497676-00498010 information listen to what God Said
plR5TCco1ao-00832-00498012-00498239 one two three let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00833-00498239-00498610 oh that one of you would shut the doors
plR5TCco1ao-00834-00498612-00498922 you would shut the temple doors so that
plR5TCco1ao-00835-00498923-00499193 you would not light useless fires on my
plR5TCco1ao-00836-00499193-00499307 altar
plR5TCco1ao-00837-00499308-00499583 I am not pleased with you says the Lord
plR5TCco1ao-00838-00499584-00500063 Almighty and I will I will accept no
plR5TCco1ao-00839-00500064-00500537 offering from your hands
plR5TCco1ao-00840-00500538-00500735 you know when you start teaching on the
plR5TCco1ao-00841-00500735-00501047 law of Honor according that also
plR5TCco1ao-00842-00501047-00501318 therefore in the ramen number
plR5TCco1ao-00843-00501319-00501505 because
plR5TCco1ao-00844-00501506-00501791 understand this this is a culture in the
plR5TCco1ao-00845-00501792-00502001 Kingdom
plR5TCco1ao-00846-00502002-00502205 it's a culture if you don't understand
plR5TCco1ao-00847-00502206-00502553 it listen to what God says God does not
plR5TCco1ao-00848-00502554-00502745 care about
plR5TCco1ao-00849-00502746-00502943 you not understanding it he's telling
plR5TCco1ao-00850-00502943-00503116 you keep your money because I'm not
plR5TCco1ao-00851-00503117-00503507 pleased with it don't bring it near me
plR5TCco1ao-00852-00503508-00503729 are you hearing what I'm saying you
plR5TCco1ao-00853-00503730-00504053 better understand this
plR5TCco1ao-00854-00504054-00504310 the freedom of being the type of person
plR5TCco1ao-00855-00504312-00504520 that I am is that I can tell you the
plR5TCco1ao-00856-00504521-00504905 truth because I'm not expecting anything
plR5TCco1ao-00857-00504906-00505210 my life does not depend on members so I
plR5TCco1ao-00858-00505212-00505331 can teach you the truth the way it's
plR5TCco1ao-00859-00505332-00505481 supposed to be taught
plR5TCco1ao-00860-00505482-00505655 listen to this
plR5TCco1ao-00861-00505656-00506039 that one of you would shut the temple
plR5TCco1ao-00862-00506039-00506122 doors
plR5TCco1ao-00863-00506123-00506537 I know most pastors who don't want that
plR5TCco1ao-00864-00506538-00506975 but as who live by the law of Honor
plR5TCco1ao-00865-00506976-00507197 even if this happens
plR5TCco1ao-00866-00507197-00507713 the owner we live by will produce for us
plR5TCco1ao-00867-00507714-00507989 tell somebody that's where I'm going
plR5TCco1ao-00868-00507989-00508259 tell somebody my business cannot fail
plR5TCco1ao-00869-00508260-00508660 tell somebody my career cannot crash
plR5TCco1ao-00870-00508662-00508853 tell somebody because believe by the law
plR5TCco1ao-00871-00508854-00509272 of Honor
plR5TCco1ao-00872-00509273-00509663 look at the next verse
plR5TCco1ao-00873-00509664-00509860 can we read this together one two three
plR5TCco1ao-00874-00509862-00509983 let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00875-00509984-00510551 my name will be great among the
plR5TCco1ao-00876-00510552-00510881 from the rising of the it says from the
plR5TCco1ao-00877-00510882-00511235 rising to the setting of the Sun in
plR5TCco1ao-00878-00511235-00511763 every place it says and pure offerings
plR5TCco1ao-00879-00511764-00512045 will be brought to my name
plR5TCco1ao-00880-00512046-00512710 because my name will be great among the
plR5TCco1ao-00881-00512712-00512981 now I want you to hear this
plR5TCco1ao-00882-00512982-00513209 God says listen you think this is about
plR5TCco1ao-00883-00513210-00513418 offering keep your offering shut your
plR5TCco1ao-00884-00513419-00513760 Tempo it says everyone who understands
plR5TCco1ao-00885-00513762-00514007 honor will still come to me and they
plR5TCco1ao-00886-00514008-00514210 will bring better offerings than the
plR5TCco1ao-00887-00514212-00514439 grudging ones the ones that are not pure
plR5TCco1ao-00888-00514439-00514703 because you are corrupt
plR5TCco1ao-00889-00514704-00514991 yes
plR5TCco1ao-00890-00514992-00515566 please
plR5TCco1ao-00891-00515567-00516112 honor
plR5TCco1ao-00892-00516113-00516449 do you know that one of the major places
plR5TCco1ao-00893-00516450-00516677 where this honor comes in is when it
plR5TCco1ao-00894-00516678-00517097 comes to offering
plR5TCco1ao-00895-00517097-00518057 people follow me
plR5TCco1ao-00896-00518058-00518483 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00897-00518484-00518812 150.
plR5TCco1ao-00898-00518813-00519035 Alex Tuma
plR5TCco1ao-00899-00519035-00519347 one of my young boys came he said sir I
plR5TCco1ao-00900-00519347-00519509 gave 50 watches today
plR5TCco1ao-00901-00519510-00519712 laughs
plR5TCco1ao-00902-00519713-00520025 I said to my boy you're growing he gave
plR5TCco1ao-00903-00520026-00520601 50 quarter and it was a breakthrough
plR5TCco1ao-00904-00520602-00520807 tell somebody we are growing
plR5TCco1ao-00905-00520808-00521201 tell somebody we are growing
plR5TCco1ao-00906-00521202-00521518 listen to what God says my name will be
plR5TCco1ao-00907-00521519-00521879 great among the nations from the rising
plR5TCco1ao-00908-00521880-00522143 to the setting of the Sun in every place
plR5TCco1ao-00909-00522143-00522485 in every place incense and pure offering
plR5TCco1ao-00910-00522485-00522881 will be brought to my name because my
plR5TCco1ao-00911-00522882-00523457 name will be great among the Nations
plR5TCco1ao-00912-00523458-00523727 so do you see what God is saying
plR5TCco1ao-00913-00523728-00524125 don't think this is about money
plR5TCco1ao-00914-00524126-00524405 this is about money keep your money
plR5TCco1ao-00915-00524406-00524633 that's what God is saying
plR5TCco1ao-00916-00524634-00525005 my name will be praised it will still be
plR5TCco1ao-00917-00525006-00525131 glorified
plR5TCco1ao-00918-00525132-00525472 by people who bring incense and pure
plR5TCco1ao-00919-00525473-00525772 offering
plR5TCco1ao-00920-00525773-00526511 pure offering
plR5TCco1ao-00921-00526512-00526679 let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00922-00526680-00527207 to the next verse
plR5TCco1ao-00923-00527208-00527399 can you read this let's go to the next
plR5TCco1ao-00924-00527400-00527716 one actually 13.
plR5TCco1ao-00925-00527717-00528011 verse 13.
plR5TCco1ao-00926-00528012-00528389 let's read this one two three let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00927-00528390-00528941 and you say what a burden
plR5TCco1ao-00928-00528942-00529349 and you sniff and eat contemptuously
plR5TCco1ao-00929-00529350-00529601 says the Lord Almighty
plR5TCco1ao-00930-00529602-00529918 when you bring injured crippled or
plR5TCco1ao-00931-00529919-00530225 diseased animals and offer them as
plR5TCco1ao-00932-00530226-00530362 sacrifices
plR5TCco1ao-00933-00530363-00530662 should I accept them from your hands
plR5TCco1ao-00934-00530663-00530968 says the Lord
plR5TCco1ao-00935-00530969-00532795 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00936-00532796-00533105 by then you must understand the cow they
plR5TCco1ao-00937-00533106-00533333 were sacrificing animals so God will
plR5TCco1ao-00938-00533334-00533561 tell them why do you bring deceased
plR5TCco1ao-00939-00533562-00533837 animals why do you bring lame animals
plR5TCco1ao-00940-00533838-00534209 why do you bring Infinity
plR5TCco1ao-00941-00534210-00534587 but you expect me to bless you
plR5TCco1ao-00942-00534588-00535061 look at the next verse
plR5TCco1ao-00943-00535062-00535307 can we read this together one two three
plR5TCco1ao-00944-00535308-00535468 let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00945-00535469-00535901 cast is the cheat who has an acceptable
plR5TCco1ao-00946-00535902-00536309 meal in his frog and vows to give it
plR5TCco1ao-00947-00536310-00536783 but then sacrifice a blemished animal to
plR5TCco1ao-00948-00536784-00537041 the Lord listen to why he's saying what
plR5TCco1ao-00949-00537042-00537479 he's saying for I am
plR5TCco1ao-00950-00537480-00537683 says who
plR5TCco1ao-00951-00537684-00538072 and my name
plR5TCco1ao-00952-00538073-00538259 that's why I'm saying I pray you
plR5TCco1ao-00953-00538260-00538529 understand the kingdom
plR5TCco1ao-00954-00538530-00538697 because when you approach God
plR5TCco1ao-00955-00538698-00539105 religiously
plR5TCco1ao-00956-00539106-00540089 you know it's funny how people saying
plR5TCco1ao-00957-00540090-00540275 when you're in the shop buying clothes
plR5TCco1ao-00958-00540276-00540485 less attaching
plR5TCco1ao-00959-00540486-00541451 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00960-00541452-00541679 prophetess I love the way the church is
plR5TCco1ao-00961-00541680-00542387 silent today there is a deep anointing
plR5TCco1ao-00962-00542388-00542651 buying designer's shoe for one thousand
plR5TCco1ao-00963-00542652-00543022 lesser touching
plR5TCco1ao-00964-00543023-00543233 when you take yourself out for a weekend
plR5TCco1ao-00965-00543234-00543653 you spend thousands of money
plR5TCco1ao-00966-00543654-00544057 when you go out for holiday
plR5TCco1ao-00967-00544058-00544337 when you want to have fun wear the
plR5TCco1ao-00968-00544338-00544522 latest buy the latest phone let's
plR5TCco1ao-00969-00544523-00544805 attaching that doesn't come in it is
plR5TCco1ao-00970-00544806-00544961 when you have to do things for the
plR5TCco1ao-00971-00544962-00545087 kingdom
plR5TCco1ao-00972-00545088-00545320 why do they ask for offerings why must
plR5TCco1ao-00973-00545321-00545675 we give why must every
plR5TCco1ao-00974-00545676-00545975 doesn't it surprise you that anytime it
plR5TCco1ao-00975-00545976-00546197 has to do with honoring God you get
plR5TCco1ao-00976-00546198-00546449 annoyed with honoring yourself you don't
plR5TCco1ao-00977-00546450-00547012 get annoyed
plR5TCco1ao-00978-00547013-00547270 Samuel first Samuel
plR5TCco1ao-00979-00547271-00547637 2 verse 29 let's conclude today with who
plR5TCco1ao-00980-00547638-00548062 are we honoring
plR5TCco1ao-00981-00548063-00548327 can we read this together one two three
plR5TCco1ao-00982-00548328-00549245 let's go
plR5TCco1ao-00983-00549246-00550135 foreign
plR5TCco1ao-00984-00550136-00550631 let's go why do you scorn My Sacrifice
plR5TCco1ao-00985-00550632-00551093 and offering that I prescribed for my
plR5TCco1ao-00986-00551094-00552233 dwelling why do you honor your sons more
plR5TCco1ao-00987-00552234-00552503 God is asking us today why do we honor
plR5TCco1ao-00988-00552504-00552707 our wives more
plR5TCco1ao-00989-00552708-00552953 why do we own our husbands more
plR5TCco1ao-00990-00552954-00553337 why do we honor relatives more
plR5TCco1ao-00991-00553338-00553757 why do we honor children more
plR5TCco1ao-00992-00553758-00554333 why do you honor friends more
plR5TCco1ao-00993-00554334-00554747 God says listen he says
plR5TCco1ao-00994-00554748-00555053 why do you scorn My Sacrifice and
plR5TCco1ao-00995-00555054-00555239 offering that I prescribe for my
plR5TCco1ao-00996-00555240-00555670 dwelling why do you honor your sons more
plR5TCco1ao-00997-00555671-00555862 than me
plR5TCco1ao-00998-00555863-00556066 now listen
plR5TCco1ao-00999-00556067-00556289 he's using science there he's talking to
plR5TCco1ao-01000-00556290-00556541 Eli all of us here have got what we
plR5TCco1ao-01001-00556542-00556870 honor more than God
plR5TCco1ao-01002-00556871-00557075 some people is their marriage some
plR5TCco1ao-01003-00557076-00557237 people is their career
plR5TCco1ao-01004-00557238-00557429 some people it's money
plR5TCco1ao-01005-00557430-00557645 some people it's their business
plR5TCco1ao-01006-00557646-00557849 some people it's their life when you
plR5TCco1ao-01007-00557850-00558095 read the Revelation he says they did not
plR5TCco1ao-01008-00558096-00558491 love their lives so as to shrink back no
plR5TCco1ao-01009-00558492-00558712 they did not love their lives in
plR5TCco1ao-01010-00558713-00558911 Revelation they overcame him by the
plR5TCco1ao-01011-00558912-00559066 blood of the lamb and the word of their
plR5TCco1ao-01012-00559067-00559516 testimony they did not love their lives
plR5TCco1ao-01013-00559517-00559709 do you know some of us can't talk about
plR5TCco1ao-01014-00559710-00560218 Jesus because Jesus
plR5TCco1ao-01015-00560219-00560759 we love our status We Love Our Lives
plR5TCco1ao-01016-00560760-00561107 look at what he asked there why do you
plR5TCco1ao-01017-00561108-00561833 honor your sons more than me
plR5TCco1ao-01018-00561834-00561964 now
plR5TCco1ao-01019-00561965-00562222 I think the first two Services have been
plR5TCco1ao-01020-00562223-00562468 very challenging tell somebody we are
plR5TCco1ao-01021-00562469-00562775 dealing with the hard part
plR5TCco1ao-01022-00562776-00562925 tell somebody we are dealing with the
plR5TCco1ao-01023-00562926-00563105 hard part
plR5TCco1ao-01024-00563106-00563327 tell somebody they're nice and easy the
plR5TCco1ao-01025-00563328-00563591 one you like is coming
plR5TCco1ao-01026-00563592-00563891 but let's deal with the hard part first
plR5TCco1ao-01027-00563892-00564077 tell somebody because this owner Must
plR5TCco1ao-01028-00564078-00564239 Die
plR5TCco1ao-01029-00564240-00564737 tell somebody because dishonor Must Die
plR5TCco1ao-01030-00564738-00564929 Listen People of God
plR5TCco1ao-01031-00564930-00565361 my heart is set to honor God
plR5TCco1ao-01032-00565362-00565691 I will not lead a church that carries
plR5TCco1ao-01033-00565692-00565811 dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-01034-00565812-00566068 I will not
plR5TCco1ao-01035-00566069-00566272 I'd rather another person who leads a
plR5TCco1ao-01036-00566273-00566483 church that carries dishonor then I lead
plR5TCco1ao-01037-00566484-00566885 the church that carries dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-01038-00566886-00567220 there are things I know about God
plR5TCco1ao-01039-00567221-00567599 that when you carry dishonor as a people
plR5TCco1ao-01040-00567600-00568120 you're going nowhere
plR5TCco1ao-01041-00568121-00568391 when you carry dishonor as a people you
plR5TCco1ao-01042-00568392-00568625 are going nowhere
plR5TCco1ao-01043-00568626-00568895 but do you know that if we can all
plR5TCco1ao-01044-00568896-00569459 Embrace honor all of us
plR5TCco1ao-01045-00569460-00569627 do you know that this place is too small
plR5TCco1ao-01046-00569628-00570172 for the kingdom of God
plR5TCco1ao-01047-00570173-00570814 church talk to me if we all can honor
plR5TCco1ao-01048-00570815-00571061 listen to the heartbeat of God he
plR5TCco1ao-01049-00571062-00571366 desires that no one should perish
plR5TCco1ao-01050-00571367-00571643 are you hearing that heart
plR5TCco1ao-01051-00571644-00571799 people talk to me are you hearing that
plR5TCco1ao-01052-00571800-00572303 heart he desires that
plR5TCco1ao-01053-00572304-00572543 do you know what it is to honor God is
plR5TCco1ao-01054-00572544-00572783 to take that desire of God and put it in
plR5TCco1ao-01055-00572784-00573925 your heart
plR5TCco1ao-01056-00573926-00574151 Preston please hear the word of the Lord
plR5TCco1ao-01057-00574152-00574570 to honor God is to take that which is in
plR5TCco1ao-01058-00574571-00574805 the heart of God and put it in your
plR5TCco1ao-01059-00574806-00575081 heart
plR5TCco1ao-01060-00575082-00575381 what beats in the heart of God be
plR5TCco1ao-01061-00575382-00575627 in your heart
plR5TCco1ao-01062-00575628-00575939 what pains him begins to pain you
plR5TCco1ao-01063-00575940-00576214 what hurts him begins to hurt you
plR5TCco1ao-01064-00576215-00576479 what makes him weep over a generation
plR5TCco1ao-01065-00576480-00576983 you begin to weep over a generation
plR5TCco1ao-01066-00576984-00577318 imagine living in a Time
plR5TCco1ao-01067-00577319-00577672 where gays and lesbians can protest
plR5TCco1ao-01068-00577673-00577864 and Zambia is called the Christian
plR5TCco1ao-01069-00577865-00578345 Nation and no one can open their mouth
plR5TCco1ao-01070-00578346-00578579 No Authority
plR5TCco1ao-01071-00578580-00579466 in our time in our face
plR5TCco1ao-01072-00579467-00579845 do you know what the children in the
plR5TCco1ao-01073-00579846-00580157 Bible did when a man carried dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-01074-00580158-00580283 and they come
plR5TCco1ao-01075-00580284-00580870 they went and killed him on the spot
plR5TCco1ao-01076-00580871-00581075 now tell somebody say take it easy don't
plR5TCco1ao-01077-00581076-00581449 go and kill anyone
plR5TCco1ao-01078-00581450-00581729 tell somebody take it easy
plR5TCco1ao-01079-00581730-00581885 tell somebody you were just looking at
plR5TCco1ao-01080-00581886-00582472 the law of Honor
plR5TCco1ao-01081-00582473-00583420 can Goliath speak in the days of David
plR5TCco1ao-01082-00583421-00583762 the Bible says David came and David says
plR5TCco1ao-01083-00583763-00584320 who is this uncircumcised philistine
plR5TCco1ao-01084-00584321-00584566 Who Dares defile the armies of the
plR5TCco1ao-01085-00584567-00584729 Living God
plR5TCco1ao-01086-00584730-00584987 don't forget Saul was there the King was
plR5TCco1ao-01087-00584988-00585287 there he was silent the generals the
plR5TCco1ao-01088-00585288-00585485 commanders were there they were silent
plR5TCco1ao-01089-00585486-00585772 when has not been revealed to you you
plR5TCco1ao-01090-00585773-00586229 will see and you'll be silent
plR5TCco1ao-01091-00586230-00586589 David says I cannot allow this dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-01092-00586590-00587170 Lord if I don't kill him kill me
plR5TCco1ao-01093-00587171-00587470 how can we have a nation called the
plR5TCco1ao-01094-00587471-00587812 Christian Nation and there is dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-01095-00587813-00588112 and no one can challenge it
plR5TCco1ao-01096-00588113-00588359 no one can rise up
plR5TCco1ao-01097-00588360-00588611 to say how do dare you defile God like
plR5TCco1ao-01098-00588612-00589072 that defile is land like that
plR5TCco1ao-01099-00589073-00589420 tell somebody I'm learning about honor
plR5TCco1ao-01100-00589421-00589972 tell somebody I am learning about honor
plR5TCco1ao-01101-00589973-00590422 Listen People of God
plR5TCco1ao-01102-00590423-00591029 honor comes from the heart
plR5TCco1ao-01103-00591030-00591281 honor comes from
plR5TCco1ao-01104-00591282-00591562 talk to me honor comes from
plR5TCco1ao-01105-00591563-00592507 stand we need to pray about our hearts
plR5TCco1ao-01106-00592508-00593335 put for me Matthew chapter 15 verse 8.
plR5TCco1ao-01107-00593336-00593866 Matthew 15 verse 8.
plR5TCco1ao-01108-00593867-00594197 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-01109-00594198-00594439 Paul says if your heart is far from him
plR5TCco1ao-01110-00594440-00594995 you are in dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-01111-00594996-00595675 [Music]
plR5TCco1ao-01112-00595676-00596027 anytime you are in dishonor you are far
plR5TCco1ao-01113-00596028-00596447 your heart is far from God
plR5TCco1ao-01114-00596448-00596693 how do you know your heart is far from
plR5TCco1ao-01115-00596694-00597041 God anything God you need inspiration
plR5TCco1ao-01116-00597042-00597383 you need to be pushed anything God
plR5TCco1ao-01117-00597384-00597599 people have to plead for you anything
plR5TCco1ao-01118-00597600-00597970 God
plR5TCco1ao-01119-00597971-00598235 I was laughing with someone
plR5TCco1ao-01120-00598236-00598505 she was telling me say I'm done now and
plR5TCco1ao-01121-00598506-00598864 I laughed
plR5TCco1ao-01122-00598865-00599020 because she's not supposed to tell me
plR5TCco1ao-01123-00599021-00599195 that I'm done she's supposed to say Sir
plR5TCco1ao-01124-00599196-00599441 what must we do now
plR5TCco1ao-01125-00599442-00599639 so she knows she's the only one who
plR5TCco1ao-01126-00599640-00600112 knows what I'm talking about I laughed
plR5TCco1ao-01127-00600113-00600233 why
plR5TCco1ao-01128-00600234-00600539 please hear what you
plR5TCco1ao-01129-00600540-00600670 what you call
plR5TCco1ao-01130-00600671-00601007 when you are in the law of honor your
plR5TCco1ao-01131-00601008-00601270 heart is near gods
plR5TCco1ao-01132-00601271-00601612 when you are in dishonor your heart is
plR5TCco1ao-01133-00601613-00602016 far from God
plR5TCco1ao-01134-00602017-00602333 everything you have to be put because
plR5TCco1ao-01135-00602334-00602518 you are far
plR5TCco1ao-01136-00602519-00602770 when you are in dishonor they have to
plR5TCco1ao-01137-00602771-00603083 beg you to give they have to beg you to
plR5TCco1ao-01138-00603084-00603311 serve they have to beg you to walk with
plR5TCco1ao-01139-00603312-00603587 God because you are far
plR5TCco1ao-01140-00603588-00603851 they have to beg you don't live in sin
plR5TCco1ao-01141-00603852-00604205 don't forget don't commit adultery don't
plR5TCco1ao-01142-00604206-00604559 lie because when you're in dishonor you
plR5TCco1ao-01143-00604560-00604805 are far from God
plR5TCco1ao-01144-00604806-00605351 but a person in honor is near gods
plR5TCco1ao-01145-00605352-00605657 that's why David says let the words of
plR5TCco1ao-01146-00605658-00605945 my mouth and the meditation of my heart
plR5TCco1ao-01147-00605946-00606262 let them be pleasing to you that's a cry
plR5TCco1ao-01148-00606263-00606472 of a man of Honor
plR5TCco1ao-01149-00606473-00606707 I don't want anything that will hurt you
plR5TCco1ao-01150-00606708-00606893 I don't want anything that will be wrong
plR5TCco1ao-01151-00606894-00607601 I everything about me must honor you
plR5TCco1ao-01152-00607602-00607925 job says my eyes will honor you
plR5TCco1ao-01153-00607926-00608164 My legs will honor you
plR5TCco1ao-01154-00608165-00608459 my money will honor you my hands will
plR5TCco1ao-01155-00608460-00608861 honor you my influence will honor you
plR5TCco1ao-01156-00608862-00609161 every everything on job's life was an
plR5TCco1ao-01157-00609162-00609491 honor to God
plR5TCco1ao-01158-00609492-00609779 pray after me Heavenly Father
plR5TCco1ao-01159-00609780-00610043 I have heard your word
plR5TCco1ao-01160-00610044-00610270 daddy have lived in this honor for so
plR5TCco1ao-01161-00610271-00610439 long
plR5TCco1ao-01162-00610440-00610733 and it has become no more
plR5TCco1ao-01163-00610734-00610949 help me today
plR5TCco1ao-01164-00610950-00611147 touch my heart
plR5TCco1ao-01165-00611148-00611291 my father
plR5TCco1ao-01166-00611292-00611614 I refuse to be far from you
plR5TCco1ao-01167-00611615-00611993 I refuse for people to wake me
plR5TCco1ao-01168-00611994-00612220 to be near you
plR5TCco1ao-01169-00612221-00612533 bring my heart near you
plR5TCco1ao-01170-00612534-00612875 draw me close to you
plR5TCco1ao-01171-00612876-00613091 in honor
plR5TCco1ao-01172-00613092-00613372 let me honor You by praying
plR5TCco1ao-01173-00613373-00613649 let me honor You by reading the word
plR5TCco1ao-01174-00613650-00613949 let me honor You by saving your purpose
plR5TCco1ao-01175-00613950-00614212 let me honor You by witnessing
plR5TCco1ao-01176-00614213-00614512 let me honor You by seeking the kingdom
plR5TCco1ao-01177-00614513-00614651 firsts
plR5TCco1ao-01178-00614652-00614968 let me honor You by making disciples of
plR5TCco1ao-01179-00614969-00615214 all Nations
plR5TCco1ao-01180-00615215-00615460 Daddy Let Me honor you
plR5TCco1ao-01181-00615461-00615809 with the heart that beats after you
plR5TCco1ao-01182-00615810-00615989 lift your right hand let me pray for you
plR5TCco1ao-01183-00615990-00616187 father I bring this church before the
plR5TCco1ao-01184-00616188-00616366 throne of grace
plR5TCco1ao-01185-00616367-00616691 Lord I call upon the blood I ask my
plR5TCco1ao-01186-00616692-00616997 father wash us clean
plR5TCco1ao-01187-00616998-00617266 from the law of Dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-01188-00617267-00617560 that every dishonor we have lived by and
plR5TCco1ao-01189-00617561-00617831 it has become natural and no more
plR5TCco1ao-01190-00617832-00618220 every dishonor we display every dishonor
plR5TCco1ao-01191-00618221-00618575 we have grown up in now and matured in
plR5TCco1ao-01192-00618576-00618862 uprooted by the blood let the
plR5TCco1ao-01193-00618863-00619025 personality of the blood enter into
plR5TCco1ao-01194-00619026-00619289 every man's life every woman's life and
plR5TCco1ao-01195-00619290-00619529 let it uproot this honor
plR5TCco1ao-01196-00619530-00619691 my father
plR5TCco1ao-01197-00619692-00619966 it's a decision to make today
plR5TCco1ao-01198-00619967-00620195 to live a life of Honor
plR5TCco1ao-01199-00620196-00620525 Paul says we desire to live vulnerably
plR5TCco1ao-01200-00620526-00620662 in every way
plR5TCco1ao-01201-00620663-00620909 and thus our desires Barack Ministries
plR5TCco1ao-01202-00620910-00621185 we desire to live vulnerably daddy in
plR5TCco1ao-01203-00621186-00621275 every way
plR5TCco1ao-01204-00621276-00621653 I pray for this church Daddy I ask give
plR5TCco1ao-01205-00621654-00621953 us the grace to honor you I pray this in
plR5TCco1ao-01206-00621954-00622337 Jesus name and everybody said amen
plR5TCco1ao-01207-00622338-00622703 you may take your sis Church
plR5TCco1ao-01208-00622704-00623096 let me have the titles come in front
pnLsQORUpIk-00000-00000043-00000302 Chinggis Khaan International Airport
pnLsQORUpIk-00001-00000303-00000563 Mongolian sing this ha Nolan Olson is
pnLsQORUpIk-00002-00000564-00000808 boodle singers ha Nolan Olsen miscible
pnLsQORUpIk-00003-00000809-00001241 IPA tea agus XA and you see miss X puta
pnLsQORUpIk-00004-00001242-00001636 IATA you Ln ICAO z mu B is the
pnLsQORUpIk-00005-00001637-00001789 International Airport serving
pnLsQORUpIk-00006-00001791-00002072 Ulaanbaatar Mongolia situated 18
pnLsQORUpIk-00007-00002073-00002315 kilometers 11 miles southwest of the
pnLsQORUpIk-00008-00002316-00002573 capital it is the largest international
pnLsQORUpIk-00009-00002574-00003217 air facility in the country
pnLsQORUpIk-00010-00003218-00003713 topic history
pnLsQORUpIk-00011-00003714-00004056 you
pnLsQORUpIk-00012-00004057-00004554 topic development
pnLsQORUpIk-00013-00004555-00004815 the airport was first established as by
pnLsQORUpIk-00014-00004816-00005079 you kha Airport Mongolian ruined you Han
pnLsQORUpIk-00015-00005080-00005331 is on cockney TV boodle by n't you hon
pnLsQORUpIk-00016-00005332-00005568 isa on goats neato butyl on the 19th of
pnLsQORUpIk-00017-00005569-00006015 february 1957 in 1958 international
pnLsQORUpIk-00018-00006016-00006225 flights began with flights to Irkutsk ax
pnLsQORUpIk-00019-00006226-00006506 in Beijing using ilyushin il-14 aircraft
pnLsQORUpIk-00020-00006506-00006770 regular flights from the airport started
pnLsQORUpIk-00021-00006772-00007148 in 1961 the terminal was upgraded to
pnLsQORUpIk-00022-00007150-00007314 make it suitable for international
pnLsQORUpIk-00023-00007315-00007874 traffic in 1986 between 1994 and 1997 a
pnLsQORUpIk-00024-00007875-00008076 further major upgrade of construction
pnLsQORUpIk-00025-00008077-00008265 and air navigation was achieved with the
pnLsQORUpIk-00026-00008266-00008445 assistance of the Asian Development Bank
pnLsQORUpIk-00027-00008446-00008691 making the airport compliant with ICAO
pnLsQORUpIk-00028-00008692-00009035 standards the $50,000,000 construction
pnLsQORUpIk-00029-00009036-00009185 project was carried out by the
pnLsQORUpIk-00030-00009186-00009429 successful bidder a german-english joint
pnLsQORUpIk-00031-00009430-00009618 venture of philip Holzman and wimpy
pnLsQORUpIk-00032-00009619-00009896 asphalt the airport was named after
pnLsQORUpIk-00033-00009897-00010134 Chinggis Khan Genghis Khan to celebrate
pnLsQORUpIk-00034-00010135-00010302 the 800th anniversary of the
pnLsQORUpIk-00035-00010303-00010509 establishment of a mongolian state on
pnLsQORUpIk-00036-00010510-00011216 the 21st of december 2005
pnLsQORUpIk-00037-00011217-00011725 topic new airport
pnLsQORUpIk-00038-00011726-00011959 the airport is due for replacement in
pnLsQORUpIk-00039-00011960-00012213 2019 by the new Khajiit Valley Airport
pnLsQORUpIk-00040-00012214-00012454 the current airport is somewhat
pnLsQORUpIk-00041-00012455-00012661 restricted the single runway is used in
pnLsQORUpIk-00042-00012662-00012868 one direction for arriving aircraft and
pnLsQORUpIk-00043-00012869-00013057 in the opposite direction for departures
pnLsQORUpIk-00044-00013058-00013347 the new airport of which construction is
pnLsQORUpIk-00045-00013349-00013537 finished will significantly expand
pnLsQORUpIk-00046-00013538-00013765 capacity it is located at the Khajiit
pnLsQORUpIk-00047-00013766-00014088 Valley 52 kilometres 32 miles south of
pnLsQORUpIk-00048-00014090-00014741 Ulaanbaatar city centre
pnLsQORUpIk-00049-00014743-00015352 topic airlines and destinations
pnLsQORUpIk-00050-00015353-00015722 you
pnLsQORUpIk-00051-00015722-00016263 topic statistics
pnLsQORUpIk-00052-00016263-00016600 you
pnLsQORUpIk-00053-00016601-00017155 topic top destinations
pnLsQORUpIk-00054-00017156-00017526 you
pnLsQORUpIk-00055-00017527-00018102 topic other facilities
pnLsQORUpIk-00056-00018103-00018354 the airline Aero Mongolia has its head
pnLsQORUpIk-00057-00018355-00018516 office on the third floor of the main
pnLsQORUpIk-00058-00018517-00018753 airport building the Air Accident
pnLsQORUpIk-00059-00018754-00018996 Investigation Bureau Mongolia has its
pnLsQORUpIk-00060-00018997-00019169 head office on the airport property
pnLsQORUpIk-00061-00019170-00019440 there is also one cargo hangar at
pnLsQORUpIk-00062-00019441-00020100 Chinggis Khaan International Airport
pnLsQORUpIk-00063-00020101-00020607 topic see also
pnLsQORUpIk-00064-00020608-00020997 list of airports in Mongolia list of
pnLsQORUpIk-00065-00020998-00021312 Airlines of Mongolia
pncbjwhUSY8-00000-00000143-00000311 in this video we'll go through an
pncbjwhUSY8-00001-00000312-00000526 example of solving a second order
pncbjwhUSY8-00002-00000527-00000711 differential equation with constant
pncbjwhUSY8-00003-00000712-00001015 coefficients
pncbjwhUSY8-00004-00001016-00001158 so we'd like to find the general
pncbjwhUSY8-00005-00001159-00001519 solution for this differential equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00006-00001520-00001998 and recall that the general solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00007-00002000-00002391 has a complementary
pncbjwhUSY8-00008-00002392-00002742 solution which we've denoted by y sub c
pncbjwhUSY8-00009-00002743-00002926 which is a solution to the homogeneous
pncbjwhUSY8-00010-00002927-00003303 equation so when this is equal to zero
pncbjwhUSY8-00011-00003304-00003559 and a particular solution which is a
pncbjwhUSY8-00012-00003560-00003767 solution to the non-homogeneous equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00013-00003768-00004111 so when this is not equal to zero
pncbjwhUSY8-00014-00004112-00004327 we'll begin by finding the complementary
pncbjwhUSY8-00015-00004328-00005447 solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00016-00005448-00005606 which is the solution to this
pncbjwhUSY8-00017-00005607-00005847 differential equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00018-00005848-00006175 and as before we're going to guess
pncbjwhUSY8-00019-00006176-00006351 that the solution has the form of an
pncbjwhUSY8-00020-00006352-00006550 exponent which will leave us
pncbjwhUSY8-00021-00006551-00006870 with an auxiliary equation in this case
pncbjwhUSY8-00022-00006872-00007031 taking the second derivative
pncbjwhUSY8-00023-00007031-00007463 leaves us with lambda squared
pncbjwhUSY8-00024-00007464-00007823 and this just leaves us with a 4
pncbjwhUSY8-00025-00007823-00008295 for our auxiliary equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00026-00008296-00008751 this has to be equal to 0.
pncbjwhUSY8-00027-00008752-00009127 the roots of this equation are
pncbjwhUSY8-00028-00009128-00009478 when lambda 1 and 2 is equal to plus or
pncbjwhUSY8-00029-00009479-00009606 minus
pncbjwhUSY8-00030-00009607-00009935 2i
pncbjwhUSY8-00031-00009936-00010406 so we have what we called case two
pncbjwhUSY8-00032-00010407-00011214 where the roots are complex
pncbjwhUSY8-00033-00011215-00011374 which means that our complementary
pncbjwhUSY8-00034-00011375-00011687 solution has the general form
pncbjwhUSY8-00035-00011688-00012119 e to the i uh to the
pncbjwhUSY8-00036-00012120-00012431 2ix
pncbjwhUSY8-00037-00012432-00012815 plus c2 minus two
pncbjwhUSY8-00038-00012816-00013422 ix
pncbjwhUSY8-00039-00013423-00013551 this is because the roots through
pncbjwhUSY8-00040-00013552-00014351 auxiliary equation were complex
pncbjwhUSY8-00041-00014352-00014679 now to find the particular solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00042-00014680-00014935 we need to look at what form our term on
pncbjwhUSY8-00043-00014936-00015079 the right has
pncbjwhUSY8-00044-00015080-00015247 in this case the term on the right was
pncbjwhUSY8-00045-00015247-00015527 given by sine 2x
pncbjwhUSY8-00046-00015528-00015879 which satisfies case 3
pncbjwhUSY8-00047-00015880-00016191 over here this form where
pncbjwhUSY8-00048-00016191-00016415 b is equal to 0 because we don't have a
pncbjwhUSY8-00049-00016416-00016883 cosine term
pncbjwhUSY8-00050-00016884-00017143 and
pncbjwhUSY8-00051-00017144-00017799 if you look over here
pncbjwhUSY8-00052-00017800-00018127 to figure out the value of r
pncbjwhUSY8-00053-00018128-00018303 we need to look at this case over here
pncbjwhUSY8-00054-00018304-00018471 it says r is equal to zero
pncbjwhUSY8-00055-00018472-00018767 if i beta is not a root of the auxiliary
pncbjwhUSY8-00056-00018768-00018847 equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00057-00018848-00019094 or is equal to one if i beta is the root
pncbjwhUSY8-00058-00019095-00019255 of the accelerator equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00059-00019256-00019630 in this case i beta where beta was
pncbjwhUSY8-00060-00019631-00019894 2 in this case was a root of the
pncbjwhUSY8-00061-00019895-00020014 axillary equation so
pncbjwhUSY8-00062-00020015-00020558 r is equal to 1.
pncbjwhUSY8-00063-00020559-00020935 and what that means
pncbjwhUSY8-00064-00020936-00021543 we're finding our particular solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00065-00021544-00022430 according to our table
pncbjwhUSY8-00066-00022431-00022807 we guess a solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00067-00022808-00023143 i have to form a where is just a
pncbjwhUSY8-00068-00023144-00023335 constant
pncbjwhUSY8-00069-00023336-00023791 x sine 2x
pncbjwhUSY8-00070-00023792-00024255 plus b x cosine 2x where b is another
pncbjwhUSY8-00071-00024256-00024471 constant
pncbjwhUSY8-00072-00024472-00024735 and from the table the value of beta
pncbjwhUSY8-00073-00024736-00024967 that was inside the argument of sine
pncbjwhUSY8-00074-00024968-00025239 is the same as what you had over here
pncbjwhUSY8-00075-00025240-00025335 for the roots
pncbjwhUSY8-00076-00025336-00025678 of the
pncbjwhUSY8-00077-00025679-00026231 of the axillary equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00078-00026232-00026439 so what you do then is once you have the
pncbjwhUSY8-00079-00026439-00026702 form the general form for the particular
pncbjwhUSY8-00080-00026704-00027087 solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00081-00027088-00027414 is you plug it into your differential
pncbjwhUSY8-00082-00027416-00027535 equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00083-00027536-00027774 so you plug it back in here and you
pncbjwhUSY8-00084-00027775-00029214 match terms on both sides
pncbjwhUSY8-00085-00029216-00029423 so whatever the second derivative of a
pncbjwhUSY8-00086-00029424-00029607 particular solution is plus 4
pncbjwhUSY8-00087-00029608-00029974 times that solution it has to equal
pncbjwhUSY8-00088-00029975-00030431 sine 2x
pncbjwhUSY8-00089-00030432-00032039 what you get when you carry this out
pncbjwhUSY8-00090-00032039-00032439 you get this in the left hand side 4b
pncbjwhUSY8-00091-00032439-00032862 times cos 2x minus 4a sine 2x
pncbjwhUSY8-00092-00032863-00033151 and this has to equal to the right hand
pncbjwhUSY8-00093-00033152-00033199 side
pncbjwhUSY8-00094-00033200-00033683 which is sine 2x for these two sides to
pncbjwhUSY8-00095-00033684-00033799 match
pncbjwhUSY8-00096-00033800-00034055 you need b equal to zero so that the
pncbjwhUSY8-00097-00034056-00034199 cosine term goes away
pncbjwhUSY8-00098-00034200-00034359 because there's no cosine term on this
pncbjwhUSY8-00099-00034360-00034615 side and
pncbjwhUSY8-00100-00034616-00034799 you need a to be equal to minus a
pncbjwhUSY8-00101-00034800-00035083 quarter because you want to be left with
pncbjwhUSY8-00102-00035084-00036111 one multiplying the sign
pncbjwhUSY8-00103-00036112-00036367 so we go back to our initial guess and
pncbjwhUSY8-00104-00036368-00036551 plug in the values for a and b
pncbjwhUSY8-00105-00036552-00037335 that we determined
pncbjwhUSY8-00106-00037336-00037495 and we're left that the particular
pncbjwhUSY8-00107-00037496-00037774 solution to our differential equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00108-00037775-00038767 is minus x over 4 sine 2x
pncbjwhUSY8-00109-00038768-00039071 so this leaves us with
pncbjwhUSY8-00110-00039072-00039399 a general solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00111-00039400-00039639 which is the complementary solution plus
pncbjwhUSY8-00112-00039640-00039774 the particular
pncbjwhUSY8-00113-00039775-00040095 solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00114-00040096-00040439 of c1
pncbjwhUSY8-00115-00040440-00040887 e to the ix plus c2
pncbjwhUSY8-00116-00040888-00041279 e to the minus 2ix
pncbjwhUSY8-00117-00041280-00042095 so this was our complementary solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00118-00042096-00042318 plus our particular solution that we
pncbjwhUSY8-00119-00042319-00042639 found over here
pncbjwhUSY8-00120-00042640-00043455 and cl c1 and c2 are just constants
pncbjwhUSY8-00121-00043456-00044039 and these can be found by specifying
pncbjwhUSY8-00122-00044040-00044407 specific conditions for y
pncbjwhUSY8-00123-00044408-00044687 at some value initial value of x let's
pncbjwhUSY8-00124-00044688-00044871 say it's equal to y naught
pncbjwhUSY8-00125-00044872-00045007 and because you have a second order
pncbjwhUSY8-00126-00045008-00045143 differential equation you need two
pncbjwhUSY8-00127-00045144-00045262 conditions
pncbjwhUSY8-00128-00045263-00045558 you also need a condition on the
pncbjwhUSY8-00129-00045559-00045646 derivative
pncbjwhUSY8-00130-00045647-00046030 of y evaluated at some initial value of
pncbjwhUSY8-00131-00046031-00046167 x
pncbjwhUSY8-00132-00046168-00046607 which we call y naught prank for example
pncbjwhUSY8-00133-00046608-00046855 so if you're given these two values you
pncbjwhUSY8-00134-00046856-00046951 can find
pncbjwhUSY8-00135-00046952-00047262 specific uh
pncbjwhUSY8-00136-00047263-00047862 c1 a specific value for c1 and c2
pncbjwhUSY8-00137-00047863-00048158 in the absence of this information then
pncbjwhUSY8-00138-00048159-00048199 this
pncbjwhUSY8-00139-00048200-00048462 just gives us our general solution to
pncbjwhUSY8-00140-00048463-00048702 this differential equation
pncbjwhUSY8-00141-00048703-00049071 so this is how you apply the
pncbjwhUSY8-00142-00049072-00049262 techniques of the previous two videos
pncbjwhUSY8-00143-00049263-00049415 for finding a complementary and a
pncbjwhUSY8-00144-00049416-00049583 particular solution
pncbjwhUSY8-00145-00049584-00049895 there's another very powerful method
pncbjwhUSY8-00146-00049896-00050190 that involves laplace transforms that is
pncbjwhUSY8-00147-00050191-00050318 useful
pncbjwhUSY8-00148-00050319-00050662 under uh certain specific conditions
pncbjwhUSY8-00149-00050663-00050846 and becomes extremely powerful when you
pncbjwhUSY8-00150-00050847-00051190 have discontinuous
pncbjwhUSY8-00151-00051191-00051511 functions in the right-hand side
pncbjwhUSY8-00152-00051512-00051694 of your differential equation so this
pncbjwhUSY8-00153-00051695-00051966 term has discontinuities
pncbjwhUSY8-00154-00051967-00052342 and we'll see how to we'll begin how to
pncbjwhUSY8-00155-00052344-00052559 how to do that in the next video when we
pncbjwhUSY8-00156-00052560-00053127 introduce the laplace transform
qow5A3wh0eA-00000-00000134-00000745 nah
qow5A3wh0eA-00001-00000746-00002936 [Music]
qow5A3wh0eA-00002-00002937-00003099 [Applause]
qow5A3wh0eA-00003-00003100-00003267 [Music]
qow5A3wh0eA-00004-00003268-00003438 [Applause]
qow5A3wh0eA-00005-00003439-00003900 [Music]
qow5A3wh0eA-00006-00003901-00003911 [Applause]
qow5A3wh0eA-00007-00003913-00004435 [Music]
qow5A3wh0eA-00008-00004436-00004736 sub-block give Kate Upton's a huge
qow5A3wh0eA-00009-00004737-00007379 she seems sick as a manager you can see
qow5A3wh0eA-00010-00007380-00008356 media cool night another man
qow5A3wh0eA-00011-00008357-00008614 I am should do a show chain but the
qow5A3wh0eA-00012-00008615-00008816 money motors do this okay forgive us men
qow5A3wh0eA-00013-00008817-00009248 below show G which is kind of vacant
qow5A3wh0eA-00014-00009249-00009582 spot Kevin Harlan our canal
qow5A3wh0eA-00015-00009583-00010468 [Music]
qow5A3wh0eA-00016-00010469-00010721 hella Buddha birthday redemption so
qow5A3wh0eA-00017-00010722-00010949 when developer eyes the world or didn't
qow5A3wh0eA-00018-00010950-00011092 she react
qow5A3wh0eA-00019-00011093-00011483 Allah in elvish fool - fool soft well as
qow5A3wh0eA-00020-00011484-00011723 Padilla Mackenzie - anthropological
qow5A3wh0eA-00021-00011724-00012110 mahogany lotta gilsu she also be
qow5A3wh0eA-00022-00012111-00012506 knighted by blood evidence or
qow5A3wh0eA-00023-00012507-00014194 [Music]
qow5A3wh0eA-00024-00014195-00014858 I don't what they could tell us a little
qow5A3wh0eA-00025-00014859-00016184 bit
qow5A3wh0eA-00027-00020594-00020945 [Music]
qow5A3wh0eA-00029-00024074-00024386 you don't like
qow5A3wh0eA-00030-00024387-00027025 [Music]
qoOYR6QxtpM-00000-00000000-00000049 foreign
qoOYR6QxtpM-00001-00000050-00000641 [Music]
qoOYR6QxtpM-00002-00000642-00000844 welcome to thecube's coverage of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00003-00000846-00001054 international women's day I'm John
qoOYR6QxtpM-00004-00001055-00001204 Furrier your host of thecube we've got
qoOYR6QxtpM-00005-00001205-00001420 great two remote guests coming into our
qoOYR6QxtpM-00006-00001421-00001745 Palo Alto Studios some tech athletes as
qoOYR6QxtpM-00007-00001746-00001889 we say people have been in the trenches
qoOYR6QxtpM-00008-00001889-00002147 for years of experience Lena smart CSO
qoOYR6QxtpM-00009-00002148-00002368 at mongodb Cube alumni and Tara
qoOYR6QxtpM-00010-00002369-00002555 Hernandez VP of developer productivity
qoOYR6QxtpM-00011-00002556-00002800 at mongodb as well thanks for coming in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00012-00002801-00002933 to this program and supporting our
qoOYR6QxtpM-00013-00002934-00003301 efforts today thanks so much
qoOYR6QxtpM-00014-00003302-00003635 journey in Tech where it all started
qoOYR6QxtpM-00015-00003636-00003785 before we get there talk about what you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00016-00003786-00003953 guys are doing at mongodb specifically
qoOYR6QxtpM-00017-00003954-00004193 mongodb is kind of gone the next level
qoOYR6QxtpM-00018-00004194-00004306 as a platform you have your own
qoOYR6QxtpM-00019-00004307-00004547 ecosystem a lot of developers very
qoOYR6QxtpM-00020-00004548-00004715 technical crowd but it's changing the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00021-00004716-00004919 business transformation what do you guys
qoOYR6QxtpM-00022-00004920-00005195 do at we'll start with Elena
qoOYR6QxtpM-00023-00005196-00005399 so I'm gonna see soap so all security
qoOYR6QxtpM-00024-00005400-00005627 goes through me that I like to say well
qoOYR6QxtpM-00025-00005628-00005825 I don't like to say I'm described as the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00026-00005826-00006220 one throat the joke uh so anything to do
qoOYR6QxtpM-00027-00006221-00006467 with security basically starts and ends
qoOYR6QxtpM-00028-00006468-00006742 with me we do have a fantastic uh Cloud
qoOYR6QxtpM-00029-00006743-00007001 engineering security team and a product
qoOYR6QxtpM-00030-00007002-00007163 security team and they don't report
qoOYR6QxtpM-00031-00007164-00007342 directly to me but obviously we have
qoOYR6QxtpM-00032-00007343-00007570 very close relationships
qoOYR6QxtpM-00033-00007572-00007709 um I like to keep that kind of church
qoOYR6QxtpM-00034-00007709-00007853 and state separate and I know I've
qoOYR6QxtpM-00035-00007854-00008123 spoken about that before uh and I just
qoOYR6QxtpM-00036-00008123-00008395 recently set up a physical security team
qoOYR6QxtpM-00037-00008396-00008699 with an amazing gentleman who who left
qoOYR6QxtpM-00038-00008700-00008933 the FBI and they came to join us after
qoOYR6QxtpM-00039-00008934-00009233 26 years with the agency so really
qoOYR6QxtpM-00040-00009234-00009419 starting to to look at the physical
qoOYR6QxtpM-00041-00009420-00009671 aspects of what we offer as well I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00042-00009672-00009839 interviewed a seashell the other day and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00043-00009840-00010024 she said every day is Day Zero for me
qoOYR6QxtpM-00044-00010025-00010235 kind of goofing on the Amazon day one
qoOYR6QxtpM-00045-00010236-00010559 thing but uh Tara go ahead what's your
qoOYR6QxtpM-00046-00010560-00010709 role there developer productivity what
qoOYR6QxtpM-00047-00010710-00010846 are you focusing on
qoOYR6QxtpM-00048-00010847-00011063 or development productivity is kind of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00049-00011064-00011303 the latest description for things that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00050-00011304-00011441 we've described over the years you know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00051-00011442-00011674 devops oriented engineering or platform
qoOYR6QxtpM-00052-00011675-00011855 engineering or build and release
qoOYR6QxtpM-00053-00011856-00012041 engineering development infrastructure
qoOYR6QxtpM-00054-00012042-00012292 it's all part and parcel which is how do
qoOYR6QxtpM-00055-00012293-00012556 we actually get our code from developer
qoOYR6QxtpM-00056-00012557-00012731 to customer you know and all the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00057-00012732-00012946 mechanics that go into that it's uh it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00058-00012947-00013108 it's been something I discovered from my
qoOYR6QxtpM-00059-00013109-00013372 first job way back in the early 90s at
qoOYR6QxtpM-00060-00013373-00013643 Borland and the art has just evolved
qoOYR6QxtpM-00061-00013644-00013888 enormously ever since so yeah this is a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00062-00013890-00014033 very great conversation both of you guys
qoOYR6QxtpM-00063-00014034-00014279 right in the middle of all the action if
qoOYR6QxtpM-00064-00014280-00014447 data infrastructures change exploding
qoOYR6QxtpM-00065-00014447-00014699 and involving Big Time Ai and data
qoOYR6QxtpM-00066-00014700-00015022 tsunami and security never stops uh well
qoOYR6QxtpM-00067-00015023-00015130 let's get into we'll talk about that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00068-00015131-00015269 later but let's get into what motivated
qoOYR6QxtpM-00069-00015269-00015479 you guys pursue a career in Tech and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00070-00015480-00015611 what was some of the challenges that you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00071-00015612-00016007 face along the way
qoOYR6QxtpM-00072-00016008-00016180 we'll go first
qoOYR6QxtpM-00073-00016181-00016372 um the fact of the matter was that I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00074-00016373-00016529 intended to be a double major in history
qoOYR6QxtpM-00075-00016530-00016655 and literature when I went off to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00076-00016656-00016769 University
qoOYR6QxtpM-00077-00016770-00017021 uh but I was informed that I had to do a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00078-00017022-00017183 math or a science degree else the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00079-00017184-00017399 university would not be paid for
qoOYR6QxtpM-00080-00017400-00017686 um at the time UC Santa Cruz had a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00081-00017687-00017879 policy called Open Access Computing this
qoOYR6QxtpM-00082-00017880-00018094 is you know the late 80s early 90s and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00083-00018095-00018244 anybody at the University could get an
qoOYR6QxtpM-00084-00018245-00018455 email account and that was unusual at
qoOYR6QxtpM-00085-00018456-00018617 the time if you were those of us who
qoOYR6QxtpM-00086-00018618-00018743 remember you used to have to pay for
qoOYR6QxtpM-00087-00018744-00019019 that CompuServe or AOL or well there's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00088-00019020-00019150 another one I forget what it was called
qoOYR6QxtpM-00089-00019151-00019391 but if a student Santa Cruz could have
qoOYR6QxtpM-00090-00019392-00019517 an email account and because of that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00091-00019518-00019703 email account I met people who were
qoOYR6QxtpM-00092-00019704-00019835 computer science majors and I'm like
qoOYR6QxtpM-00093-00019836-00020044 okay I'll try that that seems that seems
qoOYR6QxtpM-00094-00020045-00020141 good
qoOYR6QxtpM-00095-00020142-00020363 um and it was a little bit of a struggle
qoOYR6QxtpM-00096-00020364-00020650 um for me I won't buy but um I can't
qoOYR6QxtpM-00097-00020651-00020903 complain with how it ended up and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00098-00020904-00021100 certainly once I found my Niche which
qoOYR6QxtpM-00099-00021101-00021353 was development infrastructure I found
qoOYR6QxtpM-00100-00021354-00021521 my true love and I've been doing it for
qoOYR6QxtpM-00101-00021522-00021677 almost 30 years now
qoOYR6QxtpM-00102-00021678-00021893 awesome great story can't wait to ask a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00103-00021894-00022000 few questions on that we'll get back to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00104-00022001-00022086 that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00105-00022087-00022385 late 80s early 90s Lee now you're you're
qoOYR6QxtpM-00106-00022386-00022649 your journey you're how you got into it
qoOYR6QxtpM-00107-00022650-00022888 so I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00108-00022889-00023225 [Music]
qoOYR6QxtpM-00109-00023226-00023543 it's my job to help support my family
qoOYR6QxtpM-00110-00023544-00023753 um worked a bunch of various jobs
qoOYR6QxtpM-00111-00023754-00024071 Elizabeth 21 and then computers became
qoOYR6QxtpM-00112-00024072-00024347 more uh full I think I wouldn't say they
qoOYR6QxtpM-00113-00024348-00024485 were ubiquitous but they were certainly
qoOYR6QxtpM-00114-00024486-00024611 out there
qoOYR6QxtpM-00115-00024612-00024827 um and I'd also been saving up every
qoOYR6QxtpM-00116-00024828-00025013 penny I could earn to buy my own
qoOYR6QxtpM-00117-00025014-00025349 computer in about 16 and amstrad 1640.
qoOYR6QxtpM-00118-00025350-00025661 when you make hard drive it rocked uh
qoOYR6QxtpM-00119-00025662-00025822 and kind of took that apart put it back
qoOYR6QxtpM-00120-00025823-00025972 together again and thought there could
qoOYR6QxtpM-00121-00025973-00026206 be money in this and so basically just
qoOYR6QxtpM-00122-00026207-00026440 it teaching myself about computers any
qoOYR6QxtpM-00123-00026441-00026590 job that I got because most of my jobs
qoOYR6QxtpM-00124-00026591-00026789 were like clinical work and secretary at
qoOYR6QxtpM-00125-00026789-00026920 that point
qoOYR6QxtpM-00126-00026922-00027107 um but any job that had a computer in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00127-00027108-00027274 front of that I would I would make it my
qoOYR6QxtpM-00128-00027275-00027437 business to go find the guy who did
qoOYR6QxtpM-00129-00027438-00027623 Computing because it was always a guy
qoOYR6QxtpM-00130-00027624-00027905 and I would say you know I want to learn
qoOYR6QxtpM-00131-00027906-00028127 how these work like you know show me and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00132-00028127-00028289 you know I would take my lunch hour and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00133-00028289-00028462 after work and anytime I could with
qoOYR6QxtpM-00134-00028463-00028583 these people and they were very kind
qoOYR6QxtpM-00135-00028583-00028781 with their time and they just kept
qoOYR6QxtpM-00136-00028782-00029027 learning so yeah yeah those early days
qoOYR6QxtpM-00137-00029027-00029170 remind me of the inflection point we're
qoOYR6QxtpM-00138-00029172-00029308 going through now there's major sea
qoOYR6QxtpM-00139-00029310-00029567 change coming back then if you had a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00140-00029568-00029705 computer you had to kind of be your own
qoOYR6QxtpM-00141-00029706-00029987 internal engineer to fix things uh
qoOYR6QxtpM-00142-00029988-00030143 remember back in the systems Revolution
qoOYR6QxtpM-00143-00030144-00030395 late 80s Terror when you know your
qoOYR6QxtpM-00144-00030395-00030593 career started those were major
qoOYR6QxtpM-00145-00030594-00030749 inflection points now we're seeing a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00146-00030750-00031033 similar wave right now security
qoOYR6QxtpM-00147-00031033-00031289 infrastructure it feels like it's and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00148-00031289-00031493 it's going to a whole nother level and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00149-00031494-00031673 you guys certainly see this as
qoOYR6QxtpM-00150-00031674-00031757 well
qoOYR6QxtpM-00151-00031758-00031996 with this AI surge coming in a lot more
qoOYR6QxtpM-00152-00031997-00032189 action is coming in and so there's a lot
qoOYR6QxtpM-00153-00032189-00032327 of parallels between these inflection
qoOYR6QxtpM-00154-00032327-00032524 points how do you guys see this next
qoOYR6QxtpM-00155-00032525-00032873 wave of of change obviously the AI
qoOYR6QxtpM-00156-00032874-00033052 stuff's blowing everyone away the new
qoOYR6QxtpM-00157-00033053-00033262 user interface it's been called the the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00158-00033263-00033496 browser moment the Mobile iPhone moment
qoOYR6QxtpM-00159-00033497-00033761 kind of yeah for this generation there's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00160-00033762-00033923 a lot of people out there who are
qoOYR6QxtpM-00161-00033924-00034240 watching that are young in their careers
qoOYR6QxtpM-00162-00034241-00034385 what's your take on this how would you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00163-00034386-00034589 talk to those folks around this how
qoOYR6QxtpM-00164-00034590-00034805 important this wave is
qoOYR6QxtpM-00165-00034806-00035009 it you know it's funny I've been having
qoOYR6QxtpM-00166-00035010-00035309 this conversation quite a bit recently
qoOYR6QxtpM-00167-00035310-00035585 um in part because you know to me
qoOYR6QxtpM-00168-00035586-00035681 um
qoOYR6QxtpM-00169-00035682-00035968 AI in a lot of ways is very similar to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00170-00035969-00036179 you know back in the in the 90s when we
qoOYR6QxtpM-00171-00036180-00036317 were talking about bringing the World
qoOYR6QxtpM-00172-00036318-00036562 Wide Web to the Forefront of the world
qoOYR6QxtpM-00173-00036563-00036862 right and we tended to think in terms of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00174-00036863-00037127 all the optimistic benefits that would
qoOYR6QxtpM-00175-00037128-00037331 come of it you know free free passing of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00176-00037332-00037493 information
qoOYR6QxtpM-00177-00037494-00037768 um availability to anyone anywhere you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00178-00037769-00037889 just needed an internet connection which
qoOYR6QxtpM-00179-00037890-00038099 back then of course meant a modem
qoOYR6QxtpM-00180-00038100-00038423 um not our own head though exactly
qoOYR6QxtpM-00181-00038424-00038674 um but what we found in the subsequent
qoOYR6QxtpM-00182-00038675-00038980 years is that human beings are what they
qoOYR6QxtpM-00183-00038981-00039305 are and we bring ourselves to whatever
qoOYR6QxtpM-00184-00039306-00039599 platforms that are there right and so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00185-00039600-00039815 you know as much as it was amazing to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00186-00039816-00040174 have this freely available HTML based
qoOYR6QxtpM-00187-00040175-00040487 internet experience it also meant that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00188-00040488-00040673 the negatives came to the Forefront
qoOYR6QxtpM-00189-00040674-00040895 quite quickly and there were there were
qoOYR6QxtpM-00190-00040896-00041135 ramifications of that and so to me when
qoOYR6QxtpM-00191-00041136-00041351 I look at AI we're already seeing the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00192-00041352-00041518 ramifications to that yes are there
qoOYR6QxtpM-00193-00041519-00041735 these amazing optimistic wonderful
qoOYR6QxtpM-00194-00041736-00041933 things that can be done
qoOYR6QxtpM-00195-00041934-00042251 yes but we're also human and the bad
qoOYR6QxtpM-00196-00042252-00042455 stuff's going to come out too and how do
qoOYR6QxtpM-00197-00042456-00042701 we how do we as an industry as a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00198-00042702-00042940 community you know understand and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00199-00042941-00043121 mitigate those ramifications so that we
qoOYR6QxtpM-00200-00043122-00043271 can benefit more from the positive than
qoOYR6QxtpM-00201-00043272-00043517 the negative so it is interesting that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00202-00043518-00043733 it comes kind of Full Circle
qoOYR6QxtpM-00203-00043734-00043979 um in really interesting ways the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00204-00043980-00044183 underbelly takes place first gets it in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00205-00044184-00044345 the early adopter mode
qoOYR6QxtpM-00206-00044346-00044512 not only Industries with you know money
qoOYR6QxtpM-00207-00044513-00044927 involved Arbitrage no standards
qoOYR6QxtpM-00208-00044928-00045077 but we've seen this movie before is
qoOYR6QxtpM-00209-00045078-00045329 there hope Lena that's we can have a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00210-00045330-00045527 more secure
qoOYR6QxtpM-00211-00045528-00045671 environment
qoOYR6QxtpM-00212-00045672-00045877 I would hope so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00213-00045878-00046085 although interestingly we've been in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00214-00046086-00046295 this football for 30 years now and we're
qoOYR6QxtpM-00215-00046296-00046499 at the end of the day still telling
qoOYR6QxtpM-00216-00046500-00046739 people not to click links on emails so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00217-00046740-00046967 yeah that kind of still keeps me
qoOYR6QxtpM-00218-00046968-00047189 Awakening but the whole thing a bit yeah
qoOYR6QxtpM-00219-00047190-00047308 I mean it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00220-00047309-00047537 obviously I am not an expert by any
qoOYR6QxtpM-00221-00047538-00047789 stretch of the imagination and AI I did
qoOYR6QxtpM-00222-00047790-00048052 read more goddard's book recently uh
qoOYR6QxtpM-00223-00048053-00048268 about Ai and that was kind of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00224-00048269-00048568 interesting and I I'm just trying to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00225-00048569-00048767 teach myself as much as I can about it
qoOYR6QxtpM-00226-00048768-00048971 to the extent of even buying the dummies
qoOYR6QxtpM-00227-00048972-00049145 guide to AI just because it's it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00228-00049146-00049289 actually not a dummy's gate it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00229-00049290-00049499 actually fairly interesting but I'm
qoOYR6QxtpM-00230-00049500-00049649 always thinking about it from a security
qoOYR6QxtpM-00231-00049650-00049846 standpoint so it's kind of my worst
qoOYR6QxtpM-00232-00049847-00050002 nightmare and the best thing that could
qoOYR6QxtpM-00233-00050003-00050339 ever happen in the same dream uh you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00234-00050340-00050579 know you've got this technology where I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00235-00050580-00050795 can ask a question and you know it spits
qoOYR6QxtpM-00236-00050796-00051143 out generally a reasonable answer and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00237-00051144-00051526 my my team are working on with Mark
qoOYR6QxtpM-00238-00051527-00051875 Porter or CTO and his his team Owen
qoOYR6QxtpM-00239-00051876-00052102 almost like an incubation of AI like
qoOYR6QxtpM-00240-00052103-00052240 what would it look like for mongodb
qoOYR6QxtpM-00241-00052241-00052492 what's the legal ramifications because
qoOYR6QxtpM-00242-00052494-00052691 there will be legal ramifications even
qoOYR6QxtpM-00243-00052691-00052859 though it's the Wild Wild West just now
qoOYR6QxtpM-00244-00052860-00052963 I think
qoOYR6QxtpM-00245-00052964-00053176 regulation is going to catch up to us
qoOYR6QxtpM-00246-00053177-00053476 pretty quickly I would think yeah um and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00247-00053477-00053716 so I think you know as long as as
qoOYR6QxtpM-00248-00053717-00053873 companies have a seat at the table and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00249-00053874-00054041 governments perhaps don't become too
qoOYR6QxtpM-00250-00054041-00054244 dictatorial over this then hopefully
qoOYR6QxtpM-00251-00054245-00054563 we'll be in a good place but we'll see I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00252-00054564-00054719 think it's a really interesting there's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00253-00054720-00054869 that personally you live in interesting
qoOYR6QxtpM-00254-00054870-00055042 times I think that's where we are it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00255-00055044-00055169 interesting just to stay on this Tech
qoOYR6QxtpM-00256-00055170-00055349 trend for a minute this the standards
qoOYR6QxtpM-00257-00055350-00055511 bodies are different now back in the old
qoOYR6QxtpM-00258-00055512-00055747 days there were you know IEEE standard
qoOYR6QxtpM-00259-00055748-00056044 ITF uh standards
qoOYR6QxtpM-00260-00056045-00056185 um
qoOYR6QxtpM-00261-00056186-00056435 to the developers are the new standard I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00262-00056436-00056638 mean now you see open source completely
qoOYR6QxtpM-00263-00056639-00056849 different where it was in the 90s to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00264-00056850-00057082 here beginning that was gen one some say
qoOYR6QxtpM-00265-00057083-00057371 Gen 2 I say gen one now we're exploding
qoOYR6QxtpM-00266-00057372-00057707 with open source you have kind of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00267-00057708-00057965 developers setting the standards if
qoOYR6QxtpM-00268-00057966-00058180 developers like it in droves and it
qoOYR6QxtpM-00269-00058182-00058397 becomes de facto which then kind of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00270-00058398-00058715 rolls into implementation
qoOYR6QxtpM-00271-00058716-00058942 yeah I mean I think if you don't if you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00272-00058944-00059099 don't have developer input and this is
qoOYR6QxtpM-00273-00059100-00059266 why I love working with Sarah it's been
qoOYR6QxtpM-00274-00059267-00059621 hard team so much is because they get it
qoOYR6QxtpM-00275-00059622-00059813 um if if we don't have input from
qoOYR6QxtpM-00276-00059814-00059963 developers it's not going to get used
qoOYR6QxtpM-00277-00059964-00060142 there's going to be ways of of working
qoOYR6QxtpM-00278-00060144-00060323 around it especially when it comes to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00279-00060324-00060503 security if they don't if you know if
qoOYR6QxtpM-00280-00060504-00060629 you're a developer and you're sat at
qoOYR6QxtpM-00281-00060629-00060773 your screen you don't want to do that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00282-00060774-00060916 particular thing you're going to find a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00283-00060917-00061132 way around it you're a smart person yeah
qoOYR6QxtpM-00284-00061133-00061282 so developers on the front lines now
qoOYR6QxtpM-00285-00061283-00061469 versus even back in the 90s or okay I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00286-00061470-00061625 get Senator the drills got a QA team
qoOYR6QxtpM-00287-00061626-00061799 everything was waterfall now it's cloud
qoOYR6QxtpM-00288-00061800-00062080 and developers are on the front lines
qoOYR6QxtpM-00289-00062082-00062297 of everything Tara I mean this is where
qoOYR6QxtpM-00290-00062298-00062429 the standards are being met what's your
qoOYR6QxtpM-00291-00062429-00062542 reaction to that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00292-00062544-00062747 oh I think it's outstanding I mean you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00293-00062748-00062963 know like I was at Netscape and and part
qoOYR6QxtpM-00294-00062964-00063149 of the crowd that that released the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00295-00063150-00063311 browser as open source and would be
qoOYR6QxtpM-00296-00063312-00063526 found in mozilla.org right and that was
qoOYR6QxtpM-00297-00063527-00063707 you know in many ways kind of the birth
qoOYR6QxtpM-00298-00063708-00064007 of the modern uh open source movement um
qoOYR6QxtpM-00299-00064008-00064216 beyond what what we used to have what
qoOYR6QxtpM-00300-00064217-00064397 was basically free software Foundation
qoOYR6QxtpM-00301-00064398-00064654 was sort of the only game in town and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00302-00064655-00064823 and I think it is so incredibly valuable
qoOYR6QxtpM-00303-00064824-00065015 I want to emphasize you know and pile
qoOYR6QxtpM-00304-00065016-00065219 onto what Lena was saying is it's it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00305-00065220-00065369 not that the just that the developers
qoOYR6QxtpM-00306-00065370-00065561 are having input on a sort of Company by
qoOYR6QxtpM-00307-00065562-00065837 company basis open source to me is is
qoOYR6QxtpM-00308-00065838-00066053 like a checks and balance where it
qoOYR6QxtpM-00309-00066054-00066388 allows us as a broader Community to be
qoOYR6QxtpM-00310-00066389-00066700 able to agree on and enforce certain
qoOYR6QxtpM-00311-00066701-00066994 standards in order to try and keep the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00312-00066995-00067300 the technology platforms
qoOYR6QxtpM-00313-00067301-00067475 um as accessible as possible I think
qoOYR6QxtpM-00314-00067476-00067721 kubernetes is a great example of that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00315-00067722-00067913 right if we didn't have kubernetes that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00316-00067914-00068182 would have really changed uh the the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00317-00068183-00068356 nature of how we think about container
qoOYR6QxtpM-00318-00068357-00068632 orchestration but even before that Linux
qoOYR6QxtpM-00319-00068633-00068885 right Linux allowed us as an industry to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00320-00068886-00069071 end the Unix Wars
qoOYR6QxtpM-00321-00069072-00069221 um and as someone who was on the front
qoOYR6QxtpM-00322-00069222-00069388 lines of that as well
qoOYR6QxtpM-00323-00069389-00069599 um and having to support 42 different
qoOYR6QxtpM-00324-00069600-00069826 operating systems with our product you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00325-00069827-00069994 know that was a huge win and it allowed
qoOYR6QxtpM-00326-00069995-00070163 us to stop arguing about operating
qoOYR6QxtpM-00327-00070164-00070432 systems and start arguing about software
qoOYR6QxtpM-00328-00070433-00070756 or or not arguing but developing it in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00329-00070757-00070943 positive ways so with you know with with
qoOYR6QxtpM-00330-00070944-00071099 kubernetes with container orchestration
qoOYR6QxtpM-00331-00071100-00071231 we all agree okay that's just how we're
qoOYR6QxtpM-00332-00071232-00071429 going to orchestrate now we can build up
qoOYR6QxtpM-00333-00071430-00071638 this huge ecosystem everybody gets taken
qoOYR6QxtpM-00334-00071639-00071861 along right and now it's uh it changes
qoOYR6QxtpM-00335-00071862-00072017 the game for what we're defining as
qoOYR6QxtpM-00336-00072018-00072317 business differentials right and so um
qoOYR6QxtpM-00337-00072318-00072550 when we talk about crypto that's a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00338-00072551-00072719 little bit harder but certainly with AI
qoOYR6QxtpM-00339-00072720-00072982 right you know what are the checks and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00340-00072983-00073163 balances that as an industry as the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00341-00073164-00073499 developers around on this that we can in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00342-00073500-00073679 you know enforce
qoOYR6QxtpM-00343-00073680-00073985 to make sure that no one company or no
qoOYR6QxtpM-00344-00073986-00074321 one body is able to overly control how
qoOYR6QxtpM-00345-00074322-00074441 these things are managed how it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00346-00074442-00074615 defined and I think that is only for the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00347-00074616-00074759 benefit in the industry as a whole
qoOYR6QxtpM-00348-00074760-00074921 particularly when we think about the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00349-00074922-00075106 only other option is it gets regulated
qoOYR6QxtpM-00350-00075107-00075359 in in ways that do not involve the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00351-00075360-00075623 people who actually know the details of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00352-00075624-00075809 what they're talking about regulated and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00353-00075810-00076121 or thrown away or bankruptly driven
qoOYR6QxtpM-00354-00076122-00076325 under the ground yeah or even worse
qoOYR6QxtpM-00355-00076326-00076462 actually yeah that's a really
qoOYR6QxtpM-00356-00076463-00076588 interesting that checks and balance I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00357-00076589-00076756 love that call out and I was just
qoOYR6QxtpM-00358-00076757-00076925 talking with another interview part of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00359-00076926-00077123 the series around women being
qoOYR6QxtpM-00360-00077124-00077482 represented in the 50 one 51 ratio
qoOYR6QxtpM-00361-00077483-00077855 software is is for everybody so that we
qoOYR6QxtpM-00362-00077856-00078000 believe that open source movement around
qoOYR6QxtpM-00363-00078001-00078311 the collective intelligence of the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00364-00078312-00078479 participants in the industry
qoOYR6QxtpM-00365-00078480-00078743 you know gender independent agenda this
qoOYR6QxtpM-00366-00078744-00078875 is going to be the next wave you're
qoOYR6QxtpM-00367-00078876-00079000 starting to see these videos really have
qoOYR6QxtpM-00368-00079001-00079132 impact because
qoOYR6QxtpM-00369-00079133-00079379 there are a lot more leaders now at the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00370-00079380-00079673 table in companies developing software
qoOYR6QxtpM-00371-00079674-00079835 systems and with AI the aperture
qoOYR6QxtpM-00372-00079836-00080105 increases for applications
qoOYR6QxtpM-00373-00080106-00080273 um and and this is the new Dynamic
qoOYR6QxtpM-00374-00080274-00080567 what's your guy's view on this Dynamic
qoOYR6QxtpM-00375-00080568-00080723 how does this go forward in a positive
qoOYR6QxtpM-00376-00080724-00081017 way is there an a certain trajectory you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00377-00081018-00081179 see
qoOYR6QxtpM-00378-00081180-00081503 for women in the industry
qoOYR6QxtpM-00379-00081504-00081676 I mean I think some of the states are
qoOYR6QxtpM-00380-00081677-00081850 trying to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00381-00081851-00082075 Wrangle some of the states are trying to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00382-00082076-00082385 force women into the boardroom for
qoOYR6QxtpM-00383-00082386-00082726 example California which can be no bad
qoOYR6QxtpM-00384-00082727-00083015 thing but I don't know sometimes I feel
qoOYR6QxtpM-00385-00083016-00083231 a bit iffy about all this kind of forced
qoOYR6QxtpM-00386-00083232-00083591 yeah you know making making uh I don't
qoOYR6QxtpM-00387-00083592-00083747 even know how to say it properly so you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00388-00083748-00084067 can cut this part of the interview
qoOYR6QxtpM-00389-00084068-00084443 I'll say it's not organic yes no and I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00390-00084444-00084562 think they're already they're already
qoOYR6QxtpM-00391-00084563-00084719 pulling it out right that's all it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00392-00084720-00084862 already been challenged in the process
qoOYR6QxtpM-00393-00084863-00085006 well this is the open source angles how
qoOYR6QxtpM-00394-00085007-00085205 are you getting at it the change agent
qoOYR6QxtpM-00395-00085206-00085547 is open right so to me the history of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00396-00085548-00085894 the proven model is openness drives
qoOYR6QxtpM-00397-00085895-00086075 transparency
qoOYR6QxtpM-00398-00086076-00086238 drives progress
qoOYR6QxtpM-00399-00086239-00086459 don't believe that to be true this could
qoOYR6QxtpM-00400-00086460-00086593 have another impact
qoOYR6QxtpM-00401-00086594-00086831 yeah it's so interesting right because
qoOYR6QxtpM-00402-00086832-00087203 if you look at McKinsey uh consulting or
qoOYR6QxtpM-00403-00087204-00087467 Boston Consulting or um some of the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00404-00087468-00087653 other I'm blocking on all of the names
qoOYR6QxtpM-00405-00087654-00088018 there has been a decade or more of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00406-00088019-00088423 research that shows that a a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00407-00088424-00088732 non-homogeneous employee base
qoOYR6QxtpM-00408-00088733-00089059 be it gender or ethnicity or whatever
qoOYR6QxtpM-00409-00089060-00089255 generates more Revenue
qoOYR6QxtpM-00410-00089256-00089476 right there's there's dollar signs that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00411-00089477-00089681 can be attached to this but it's not
qoOYR6QxtpM-00412-00089682-00089903 enough for all companies
qoOYR6QxtpM-00413-00089904-00090082 to want to invest
qoOYR6QxtpM-00414-00090083-00090311 in that way and it's not enough for all
qoOYR6QxtpM-00415-00090312-00090544 you know Venture firms or investment
qoOYR6QxtpM-00416-00090545-00090809 investment firms to to grant that seed
qoOYR6QxtpM-00417-00090810-00091000 money or do those seed rounds I think
qoOYR6QxtpM-00418-00091001-00091253 it's getting better very slowly but
qoOYR6QxtpM-00419-00091254-00091505 socialization is is much harder thing to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00420-00091506-00091685 overcome over time particularly we're
qoOYR6QxtpM-00421-00091686-00091835 not just talking about one country like
qoOYR6QxtpM-00422-00091836-00092038 the United States and in our case but
qoOYR6QxtpM-00423-00092039-00092297 around the world you know tech centers
qoOYR6QxtpM-00424-00092298-00092482 now exist all over the world including
qoOYR6QxtpM-00425-00092483-00092693 places that even 10 years ago we might
qoOYR6QxtpM-00426-00092694-00092921 not have expected like Nairobi right
qoOYR6QxtpM-00427-00092922-00093173 which I think is amazing but you have to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00428-00093174-00093467 factor in the cultural implications of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00429-00093468-00093838 that as well right so yes the openness
qoOYR6QxtpM-00430-00093839-00094025 is important and we have it's open it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00431-00094026-00094156 important that we have those voices but
qoOYR6QxtpM-00432-00094157-00094294 I don't think it's a Panacea solution
qoOYR6QxtpM-00433-00094295-00094582 right it's just one more piece I think
qoOYR6QxtpM-00434-00094583-00094715 honestly
qoOYR6QxtpM-00435-00094716-00095005 um that one of the the most important
qoOYR6QxtpM-00436-00095006-00095182 opportunities has been with cloud
qoOYR6QxtpM-00437-00095183-00095332 computing and Cloud's been around for a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00438-00095333-00095494 while so why would I say that it's it's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00439-00095495-00095621 because if you think about like
qoOYR6QxtpM-00440-00095622-00095825 everybody holds up the Steve Jobs Steve
qoOYR6QxtpM-00441-00095826-00096149 Wozniak back in the 70s or Sergey and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00442-00096150-00096359 Larry for Google you know you had to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00443-00096360-00096641 have access to enough credit card limit
qoOYR6QxtpM-00444-00096642-00096862 to go to Fry's and buy your servers and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00445-00096863-00096994 then access to somebody like Susan
qoOYR6QxtpM-00446-00096995-00097217 wojicki to borrow the garage or whatever
qoOYR6QxtpM-00447-00097218-00097426 but there was still a certain amount of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00448-00097427-00097637 upfrontness that you had to be able to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00449-00097638-00097853 commit to whereas now
qoOYR6QxtpM-00450-00097854-00098075 and and we've I think seen really good
qoOYR6QxtpM-00451-00098076-00098332 evidence of this uh being able to to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00452-00098333-00098585 lease server Resources by the second and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00453-00098586-00098729 have development platforms that you can
qoOYR6QxtpM-00454-00098730-00098926 do on your phone I mean for a while I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00455-00098927-00099112 think Africa that the majority of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00456-00099113-00099256 development happened on mobile devices
qoOYR6QxtpM-00457-00099257-00099437 because there wasn't a sufficient supply
qoOYR6QxtpM-00458-00099438-00099641 chain of laptops yet that's no longer
qoOYR6QxtpM-00459-00099642-00099881 true now as far as I know but like the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00460-00099882-00100097 the power that enables for people who
qoOYR6QxtpM-00461-00100098-00100324 would otherwise be underrepresented in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00462-00100325-00100541 our industry instantly opens it up right
qoOYR6QxtpM-00463-00100542-00100787 and so to me that's I think probably the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00464-00100788-00101074 biggest opportunity that we've seen from
qoOYR6QxtpM-00465-00101075-00101255 an industry on how to make more
qoOYR6QxtpM-00466-00101256-00101417 availability
qoOYR6QxtpM-00467-00101418-00101638 um in uh in in underrepresented
qoOYR6QxtpM-00468-00101639-00101867 representation for entrepreneurship is
qoOYR6QxtpM-00469-00101868-00102082 something like AI yeah I think that's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00470-00102083-00102215 actually going to take us backwards if
qoOYR6QxtpM-00471-00102216-00102466 we're not careful because of reinforcing
qoOYR6QxtpM-00472-00102467-00102653 that socialization well also the bias
qoOYR6QxtpM-00473-00102654-00102797 let people commenting on the biases of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00474-00102798-00102982 the large language inherently built in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00475-00102983-00103228 are also a problem you know I want you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00476-00103229-00103432 to weigh on this too because I think the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00477-00103433-00103649 skills question comes up here and I've
qoOYR6QxtpM-00478-00103650-00103823 been advocating that you don't need the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00479-00103824-00104116 pet degree College pedigree to get into
qoOYR6QxtpM-00480-00104117-00104290 a certain jobs mentioned cloud computing
qoOYR6QxtpM-00481-00104291-00104482 it's been around for you think a long
qoOYR6QxtpM-00482-00104483-00104608 time but not really really think about
qoOYR6QxtpM-00483-00104609-00104842 it the ability to level up
qoOYR6QxtpM-00484-00104843-00105028 okay if you're going to join something
qoOYR6QxtpM-00485-00105029-00105190 new and half the jobs of cyber security
qoOYR6QxtpM-00486-00105191-00105527 are created in the past year right so so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00487-00105528-00105790 you have this this what used to be a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00488-00105791-00106007 barrier your degree your pedigree your
qoOYR6QxtpM-00489-00106008-00106151 certification
qoOYR6QxtpM-00490-00106152-00106402 would take years would be a blocker now
qoOYR6QxtpM-00491-00106403-00106577 that's gone
qoOYR6QxtpM-00492-00106578-00106907 psychology
qoOYR6QxtpM-00493-00106908-00107249 I think so but the the people who I by
qoOYR6QxtpM-00494-00107250-00107507 and large I interview for jobs they have
qoOYR6QxtpM-00495-00107508-00107740 I think security people and also
qoOYR6QxtpM-00496-00107741-00107963 I work for their compliance folks and I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00497-00107964-00108113 can't forget them but let's talk about
qoOYR6QxtpM-00498-00108114-00108395 security just now there's there's a I've
qoOYR6QxtpM-00499-00108396-00108545 always been a particular kind of mindset
qoOYR6QxtpM-00500-00108546-00108863 with security folks we're very curious
qoOYR6QxtpM-00501-00108864-00108923 um
qoOYR6QxtpM-00502-00108924-00109127 they do following rules a lot of the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00503-00109128-00109540 time and we'd love to teach others I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00504-00109541-00109751 mean that's one of the big things uh
qoOYR6QxtpM-00505-00109752-00109943 Stephen from the start of my career
qoOYR6QxtpM-00506-00109944-00110099 people were always interested in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00507-00110100-00110249 teaching
qoOYR6QxtpM-00508-00110250-00110399 um and I was interested in learning so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00509-00110400-00110789 it was perfect and I think
qoOYR6QxtpM-00510-00110790-00111077 also having you know strong women
qoOYR6QxtpM-00511-00111078-00111365 leaders at mongodb allows other
qoOYR6QxtpM-00512-00111366-00111533 underrepresented groups to actually
qoOYR6QxtpM-00513-00111533-00111677 apply to the company because they see
qoOYR6QxtpM-00514-00111678-00111928 that we're kind of talking the book and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00515-00111929-00112102 that's been important
qoOYR6QxtpM-00516-00112103-00112258 um I think it's really important you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00517-00112259-00112427 know you've got Tara and Ionia today
qoOYR6QxtpM-00518-00112428-00112673 there's obviously other senior women at
qoOYR6QxtpM-00519-00112674-00112871 mongodb that that you can talk to as
qoOYR6QxtpM-00520-00112872-00113057 well there's a bunch of us there's not a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00521-00113058-00113201 whole ton of us but there's a bunch of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00522-00113202-00113386 us and it's good it's definitely growing
qoOYR6QxtpM-00523-00113388-00113584 I've been there for four years now and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00524-00113585-00113765 I've seen a growth in women in senior
qoOYR6QxtpM-00525-00113766-00113957 leadership positions
qoOYR6QxtpM-00526-00113958-00114154 um and I think having that kind of track
qoOYR6QxtpM-00527-00114155-00114502 record of of getting really good quality
qoOYR6QxtpM-00528-00114503-00114851 in underrepresented candidates to not
qoOYR6QxtpM-00529-00114852-00115049 just interview but come and join us as
qoOYR6QxtpM-00530-00115050-00115204 Sin and it's seen in the industry and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00531-00115205-00115439 people take notice and they're like okay
qoOYR6QxtpM-00532-00115440-00115577 well if that person's work you know if
qoOYR6QxtpM-00533-00115578-00115823 Tara Hernandez is working there and I'm
qoOYR6QxtpM-00534-00115824-00116104 gonna apply for that yeah and that that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00535-00116105-00116351 in itself I think can really you know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00536-00116352-00116519 reap the rewards but it's getting
qoOYR6QxtpM-00537-00116520-00116765 started it's like how do you get your
qoOYR6QxtpM-00538-00116766-00116939 first strong female into that position
qoOYR6QxtpM-00539-00116940-00117107 of your first fell under represented
qoOYR6QxtpM-00540-00117108-00117328 person into that position is it's hard I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00541-00117329-00117466 get it if it was easy we would have sold
qoOYR6QxtpM-00542-00117467-00117616 it already it's like it's like anything
qoOYR6QxtpM-00543-00117617-00117760 I want to see people like me my friends
qoOYR6QxtpM-00544-00117761-00117983 in there am I going to be alone I'm
qoOYR6QxtpM-00545-00117983-00118115 going to be of a group it's a group
qoOYR6QxtpM-00546-00118116-00118295 psychology why wouldn't so I was getting
qoOYR6QxtpM-00547-00118296-00118463 it out there is key is there skills that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00548-00118464-00118636 you think that people should pay
qoOYR6QxtpM-00549-00118638-00118823 attention to and one ones come up
qoOYR6QxtpM-00550-00118824-00119110 curiosity learning what are some of the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00551-00119111-00119254 best practices for folks trying to get
qoOYR6QxtpM-00552-00119255-00119477 into the tech field or that's in the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00553-00119478-00119747 tech field and advancing through
qoOYR6QxtpM-00554-00119748-00120058 um what advice yeah that's what I say to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00555-00120059-00120334 my team is within my budget we try and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00556-00120335-00120478 give everyone at least one training
qoOYR6QxtpM-00557-00120479-00120623 course a year and there's so much free
qoOYR6QxtpM-00558-00120624-00120910 stuff out there as well but you know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00559-00120911-00121139 keep learning and even if it's not right
qoOYR6QxtpM-00560-00121140-00121402 in your wheelhouse don't be my opinion
qoOYR6QxtpM-00561-00121403-00121595 about it don't you know take a look at
qoOYR6QxtpM-00562-00121596-00121799 what else could be out there that can
qoOYR6QxtpM-00563-00121800-00121997 interest you and then go for it you know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00564-00121998-00122195 what does it take you a few minutes each
qoOYR6QxtpM-00565-00122196-00122363 night to read a book on something that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00566-00122364-00122621 might change your entire career you know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00567-00122622-00122908 be be enthusiastic the opportunities out
qoOYR6QxtpM-00568-00122909-00123131 there and there's so many opportunities
qoOYR6QxtpM-00569-00123132-00123443 in security and just so many Tara what's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00570-00123444-00123640 your what's your advice folks out there
qoOYR6QxtpM-00571-00123641-00123983 tons of stuff to taste taste test try
qoOYR6QxtpM-00572-00123983-00124133 things
qoOYR6QxtpM-00573-00124133-00124349 absolutely I mean I I always say you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00574-00124350-00124499 know my primary qualifications for
qoOYR6QxtpM-00575-00124500-00124636 people are looking to be smart and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00576-00124638-00124907 motivated right because the industry
qoOYR6QxtpM-00577-00124908-00125069 changes so quickly what we're doing now
qoOYR6QxtpM-00578-00125070-00125225 versus what we did
qoOYR6QxtpM-00579-00125226-00125447 even last year versus five years ago you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00580-00125448-00125621 know is completely different
qoOYR6QxtpM-00581-00125622-00125860 um those themes are certainly uh the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00582-00125861-00126083 same you know we still have to code we
qoOYR6QxtpM-00583-00126083-00126239 still have to compile that code or
qoOYR6QxtpM-00584-00126240-00126407 package the code and ship the code so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00585-00126408-00126581 you know how well can we adapt to these
qoOYR6QxtpM-00586-00126582-00126754 new things instead of creating floppy
qoOYR6QxtpM-00587-00126755-00126971 disks which was my first job
qoOYR6QxtpM-00588-00126972-00127177 um five and a quarters even more that's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00589-00127178-00127595 old school OG There It Is Well done now
qoOYR6QxtpM-00590-00127596-00127810 it's you know containers uh you know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00591-00127811-00128099 equivalent image containers and and so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00592-00128100-00128290 um you know I've gotten a lot of really
qoOYR6QxtpM-00593-00128291-00128471 great success hiring boot campers you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00594-00128472-00128645 know career transitioners because they
qoOYR6QxtpM-00595-00128646-00128836 bring along experience in addition to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00596-00128838-00129010 the technical skills I think the most
qoOYR6QxtpM-00597-00129011-00129257 important thing is to is to experiment
qoOYR6QxtpM-00598-00129258-00129443 and figure out what do you like because
qoOYR6QxtpM-00599-00129444-00129593 you know maybe you are really into
qoOYR6QxtpM-00600-00129594-00129839 security or maybe you're really into
qoOYR6QxtpM-00601-00129840-00130019 like deep level coding and you want to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00602-00130020-00130145 go back you know try to go to school to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00603-00130146-00130283 get a degree where you would actually
qoOYR6QxtpM-00604-00130283-00130523 want that level of of learning or maybe
qoOYR6QxtpM-00605-00130524-00130660 you're a front-end engineer you want to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00606-00130661-00130840 be full stacked like there's so many
qoOYR6QxtpM-00607-00130841-00131063 different things data science right
qoOYR6QxtpM-00608-00131064-00131327 maybe you want to go learn r right I you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00609-00131328-00131452 know there's I think it's like figure
qoOYR6QxtpM-00610-00131453-00131651 out what you like because once you find
qoOYR6QxtpM-00611-00131652-00131885 that that in turn is going to energize
qoOYR6QxtpM-00612-00131886-00131969 you because you're going to feel
qoOYR6QxtpM-00613-00131970-00132119 motivated I think the worst thing you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00614-00132120-00132335 could do is try to force yourself to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00615-00132336-00132461 learn something that you really could
qoOYR6QxtpM-00616-00132462-00132652 not care less about that's just the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00617-00132653-00132851 worst you're going in handicapped yeah
qoOYR6QxtpM-00618-00132852-00133019 and the choices Now versus versus when
qoOYR6QxtpM-00619-00133020-00133204 we were breaking into the business it
qoOYR6QxtpM-00620-00133205-00133349 was like okay are you software engineer
qoOYR6QxtpM-00621-00133350-00133463 they call it software engineering that's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00622-00133464-00133637 all it was you were that or you're in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00623-00133638-00133835 sales like you know some sort of systems
qoOYR6QxtpM-00624-00133836-00133997 engineer sales
qoOYR6QxtpM-00625-00133998-00134254 um and now I've never heard my job when
qoOYR6QxtpM-00626-00134255-00134416 I was in school right I didn't even know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00627-00134417-00134657 it was a possibility that there are so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00628-00134658-00134801 many different types of technical roles
qoOYR6QxtpM-00629-00134802-00135004 you know absolutely it's so exciting I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00630-00135005-00135354 wish I was young again
qoOYR6QxtpM-00631-00135355-00135737 I don't I like the him so one of one of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00632-00135738-00136007 the things that um that I did to kind of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00633-00136008-00136240 harness that curiosity is we set up a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00634-00136241-00136440 security Champions program it's about
qoOYR6QxtpM-00635-00136441-00136763 120 I guess volunteers globally and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00636-00136764-00136864 these are people from all different
qoOYR6QxtpM-00637-00136865-00137123 backgrounds and all all
qoOYR6QxtpM-00638-00137124-00137435 um all genders diversity groups and the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00639-00137436-00137639 represented groups we feel are now
qoOYR6QxtpM-00640-00137640-00137795 represented within this Champions
qoOYR6QxtpM-00641-00137796-00138143 program and people basically give up
qoOYR6QxtpM-00642-00138144-00138328 about an hour or two of their time each
qoOYR6QxtpM-00643-00138329-00138493 week with their supervisor's permission
qoOYR6QxtpM-00644-00138494-00138719 and we basically teach them different
qoOYR6QxtpM-00645-00138720-00138983 things about security and we've now had
qoOYR6QxtpM-00646-00138984-00139204 seven full-time people move from
qoOYR6QxtpM-00647-00139205-00139402 different areas within mongodb into my
qoOYR6QxtpM-00648-00139403-00139685 team as a result of that program so you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00649-00139686-00139937 know monetarily and time yeah saved us
qoOYR6QxtpM-00650-00139938-00140195 both but also we're showing people that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00651-00140196-00140357 there is a path you know if you start
qoOYR6QxtpM-00652-00140358-00140639 off in terroristing for example doing X
qoOYR6QxtpM-00653-00140640-00140843 you join the Champions program you're
qoOYR6QxtpM-00654-00140844-00140993 like you know I'd really like to get
qoOYR6QxtpM-00655-00140994-00141228 into red teaming that would be so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00656-00141229-00141551 if it fits then we make that happen and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00657-00141552-00141737 that that has been really important for
qoOYR6QxtpM-00658-00141738-00141928 me especially to give you know the women
qoOYR6QxtpM-00659-00141929-00142078 in the underrepresented groups then
qoOYR6QxtpM-00660-00142079-00142252 longer to be just that a window into
qoOYR6QxtpM-00661-00142253-00142385 something they might never have seen
qoOYR6QxtpM-00662-00142386-00142540 otherwise
qoOYR6QxtpM-00663-00142541-00142799 that's a great common fit as fit matters
qoOYR6QxtpM-00664-00142800-00143039 also getting access to what you fit is
qoOYR6QxtpM-00665-00143040-00143231 also access to either mentoring or
qoOYR6QxtpM-00666-00143232-00143513 sponsorship or some sort of um at least
qoOYR6QxtpM-00667-00143514-00143693 some navigation like what's out there
qoOYR6QxtpM-00668-00143694-00143909 and not being afraid to like you know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00669-00143910-00144047 just ask
qoOYR6QxtpM-00670-00144048-00144257 yeah we we just actually kicked off our
qoOYR6QxtpM-00671-00144258-00144509 big mentor of our program last week so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00672-00144510-00144677 I'm the executive sponge of that I know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00673-00144678-00144845 Tara is part of it which is fantastic
qoOYR6QxtpM-00674-00144846-00145043 we'll put a plug in for it go ahead
qoOYR6QxtpM-00675-00145044-00145283 yeah it's uh no it's amazing there's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00676-00145284-00145475 that gosh I didn't even know the numbers
qoOYR6QxtpM-00677-00145476-00145613 anymore but there's a lot of people
qoOYR6QxtpM-00678-00145614-00145852 involved in this and so much so that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00679-00145853-00146014 we've had to set up mentoring groups
qoOYR6QxtpM-00680-00146015-00146213 rather than one-on-one and I think it
qoOYR6QxtpM-00681-00146214-00146495 was 45 of the mentors are actually male
qoOYR6QxtpM-00682-00146496-00146735 which is quite incredible for a program
qoOYR6QxtpM-00683-00146736-00147035 called Mentor harp uh and then what we
qoOYR6QxtpM-00684-00147036-00147185 want to do in the future is actually
qoOYR6QxtpM-00685-00147186-00147431 create a program called Mentor them so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00686-00147432-00147628 that it's not you know not just one the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00687-00147629-00147821 female and so that we can live other
qoOYR6QxtpM-00688-00147822-00147995 groups represented and you know kind of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00689-00147996-00148199 break break down those groups a wee bit
qoOYR6QxtpM-00690-00148200-00148354 more and have some more granularity and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00691-00148355-00148516 they're offering Tara talk about
qoOYR6QxtpM-00692-00148517-00148661 mentoring and sponsorship open source
qoOYR6QxtpM-00693-00148662-00148763 has been there for a long time people
qoOYR6QxtpM-00694-00148764-00148925 help each other it's Community oriented
qoOYR6QxtpM-00695-00148926-00149243 what's the what's your view of how to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00696-00149244-00149411 work with mentors and sponsors if
qoOYR6QxtpM-00697-00149412-00149716 someone's moving through ranks
qoOYR6QxtpM-00698-00149717-00149897 it you know one of the things that was
qoOYR6QxtpM-00699-00149898-00150185 really interesting uh unfortunately in
qoOYR6QxtpM-00700-00150186-00150364 in some of the earliest open source
qoOYR6QxtpM-00701-00150365-00150545 communities is there was a lot of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00702-00150546-00150731 pervasive misogyny to be perfectly
qoOYR6QxtpM-00703-00150732-00150875 honest
qoOYR6QxtpM-00704-00150876-00151199 um and one of the important adaptations
qoOYR6QxtpM-00705-00151200-00151390 that we made as an open source Community
qoOYR6QxtpM-00706-00151391-00151589 was the idea an introduction of code of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00707-00151590-00151739 conducts
qoOYR6QxtpM-00708-00151740-00151907 um and so when when I'm talking to women
qoOYR6QxtpM-00709-00151908-00152063 who are thinking about expanding their
qoOYR6QxtpM-00710-00152064-00152249 skills I encourage them to join open
qoOYR6QxtpM-00711-00152250-00152416 source communities to have opportunity
qoOYR6QxtpM-00712-00152417-00152549 even if they're not getting paid for it
qoOYR6QxtpM-00713-00152550-00152723 you know to develop their skills to work
qoOYR6QxtpM-00714-00152724-00152861 with people to get those code reviews
qoOYR6QxtpM-00715-00152862-00153059 right I'm like if whatever you join make
qoOYR6QxtpM-00716-00153060-00153209 sure they have a code of conduct and a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00717-00153210-00153407 good leadership team it's very important
qoOYR6QxtpM-00718-00153408-00153725 and there are plenty right and then that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00719-00153726-00153989 idea has come into you know conferences
qoOYR6QxtpM-00720-00153990-00154271 now so now conferences have codes of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00721-00154272-00154499 contact if they're any good um and maybe
qoOYR6QxtpM-00722-00154500-00154690 not all of them but most of them right
qoOYR6QxtpM-00723-00154691-00154997 and um and the ideas of expanding that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00724-00154998-00155261 idea of intentional
qoOYR6QxtpM-00725-00155262-00155531 um healthy culture as a business goal
qoOYR6QxtpM-00726-00155532-00155704 and business differentiator I mean I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00727-00155705-00155926 won't lie I when I was recruited to come
qoOYR6QxtpM-00728-00155927-00156161 to mongodb the the culture that I was
qoOYR6QxtpM-00729-00156162-00156340 able to discern through talking to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00730-00156341-00156575 people in addition to seeing that there
qoOYR6QxtpM-00731-00156576-00156785 was actually women in senior leadership
qoOYR6QxtpM-00732-00156786-00157054 roles uh like Lena like Kailyn Nelson
qoOYR6QxtpM-00733-00157055-00157331 that was a huge uh win and so it just
qoOYR6QxtpM-00734-00157332-00157511 Builds on momentum and so now you know
qoOYR6QxtpM-00735-00157512-00157654 where those of us who are in that are
qoOYR6QxtpM-00736-00157655-00157925 now now representing and so that that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00737-00157926-00158111 kind of reinforces but it's all ties
qoOYR6QxtpM-00738-00158112-00158254 together right
qoOYR6QxtpM-00739-00158255-00158404 um in in the open source as the open
qoOYR6QxtpM-00740-00158405-00158561 source World goes particularly for a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00741-00158562-00158752 company like mongodb which has an open
qoOYR6QxtpM-00742-00158753-00158933 source product you know and our
qoOYR6QxtpM-00743-00158934-00159095 community builds
qoOYR6QxtpM-00744-00159096-00159323 um you know it's a good it's a good mind
qoOYR6QxtpM-00745-00159324-00159623 a good thing to be mindful of for us
qoOYR6QxtpM-00746-00159624-00159911 um how we interact with the community
qoOYR6QxtpM-00747-00159912-00160102 um and and you know because that could
qoOYR6QxtpM-00748-00160103-00160247 also become an opportunity for
qoOYR6QxtpM-00749-00160248-00160559 recruiting right so we uh in addition to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00750-00160560-00160793 people who might become Advocates on on
qoOYR6QxtpM-00751-00160794-00161081 Mongo's behalf as in their own company
qoOYR6QxtpM-00752-00161082-00161302 as as a solution for for themselves so
qoOYR6QxtpM-00753-00161303-00161464 you guys had been a successful company
qoOYR6QxtpM-00754-00161465-00161651 and great leadership there I mean I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00755-00161652-00161759 can't tell you how many times someone's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00756-00161760-00161939 told me mongodb doesn't scale it's going
qoOYR6QxtpM-00757-00161940-00162149 to be dead next year I mean I was going
qoOYR6QxtpM-00758-00162150-00162323 back 10 years it's like just keeps
qoOYR6QxtpM-00759-00162324-00162454 getting better and better you guys do a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00760-00162455-00162659 great job so it's so fun to see the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00761-00162660-00162881 success of developers really appreciate
qoOYR6QxtpM-00762-00162882-00163102 you guys coming on the program final
qoOYR6QxtpM-00763-00163103-00163252 question what are you guys excited about
qoOYR6QxtpM-00764-00163253-00163421 to end the segment we'll give you guys
qoOYR6QxtpM-00765-00163422-00163552 the last word Lena we'll start with you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00766-00163553-00163795 and Tara you can wrap us up
qoOYR6QxtpM-00767-00163796-00163961 about
qoOYR6QxtpM-00768-00163962-00164278 I'm excited to see uh this year brings I
qoOYR6QxtpM-00769-00164279-00164647 think with uh GPT and it's it's uh
qoOYR6QxtpM-00770-00164648-00164837 copycats I think it'll be a very
qoOYR6QxtpM-00771-00164838-00165113 interesting year when it comes to Ai and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00772-00165114-00165383 always on the lookout for uh the
qoOYR6QxtpM-00773-00165384-00165551 authentic deep fakes that we see coming
qoOYR6QxtpM-00774-00165552-00165743 out so just trying to make people aware
qoOYR6QxtpM-00775-00165744-00165911 that this is a real thing it's not just
qoOYR6QxtpM-00776-00165912-00166090 pretend and then of course her old
qoOYR6QxtpM-00777-00166091-00166228 friend ran somewhere let's see where
qoOYR6QxtpM-00778-00166229-00166349 that's going to go
qoOYR6QxtpM-00779-00166350-00166564 um and let's see where we get to and
qoOYR6QxtpM-00780-00166565-00166847 just genuine hygiene and housekeeping
qoOYR6QxtpM-00781-00166848-00167057 when it comes to security
qoOYR6QxtpM-00782-00167058-00167219 Tara
qoOYR6QxtpM-00783-00167220-00167435 ah well for us you know we're always
qoOYR6QxtpM-00784-00167436-00167621 constantly trying to up our game from a
qoOYR6QxtpM-00785-00167622-00167747 security perspective in the software
qoOYR6QxtpM-00786-00167748-00167963 development life cycle or
qoOYR6QxtpM-00787-00167964-00168173 um but also you know what what can we do
qoOYR6QxtpM-00788-00168174-00168376 you know one interesting application of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00789-00168377-00168599 AI that maybe Google doesn't like to
qoOYR6QxtpM-00790-00168600-00168766 talk about is it is really cool as an
qoOYR6QxtpM-00791-00168767-00168995 addendum to search and you know how we
qoOYR6QxtpM-00792-00168996-00169181 might incorporate that as far as our
qoOYR6QxtpM-00793-00169182-00169337 learning environment and developer
qoOYR6QxtpM-00794-00169338-00169564 productivity and how can we enable our
qoOYR6QxtpM-00795-00169565-00169714 developers to be more efficient
qoOYR6QxtpM-00796-00169715-00169943 productive in their day-to-day work
qoOYR6QxtpM-00797-00169944-00170093 um so I don't know there's there's all
qoOYR6QxtpM-00798-00170094-00170309 kinds of uh opportunities that we're
qoOYR6QxtpM-00799-00170310-00170561 looking at for how we might improve that
qoOYR6QxtpM-00800-00170562-00170728 process here at mongodb and then maybe
qoOYR6QxtpM-00801-00170729-00170945 be able to share it with the world one
qoOYR6QxtpM-00802-00170946-00171064 of the things I love about working at
qoOYR6QxtpM-00803-00171065-00171202 mongodb is we get to use our own
qoOYR6QxtpM-00804-00171203-00171389 products right
qoOYR6QxtpM-00805-00171390-00171545 um and so being able to have this
qoOYR6QxtpM-00806-00171546-00171778 interesting document database in order
qoOYR6QxtpM-00807-00171779-00172061 to put information and then maybe apply
qoOYR6QxtpM-00808-00172062-00172354 some sort of AI to get it out again uh
qoOYR6QxtpM-00809-00172355-00172511 is is something that we may well be
qoOYR6QxtpM-00810-00172512-00172654 looking at if not this year then
qoOYR6QxtpM-00811-00172655-00172859 certainly in the coming year awesome
qoOYR6QxtpM-00812-00172860-00173009 Lena smart the Chief Information
qoOYR6QxtpM-00813-00173010-00173189 Security Officer Tara Hernandez vice
qoOYR6QxtpM-00814-00173190-00173381 president student developer productivity
qoOYR6QxtpM-00815-00173382-00173633 from mongodb thank you so much for
qoOYR6QxtpM-00816-00173634-00173807 sharing here on International women's
qoOYR6QxtpM-00817-00173808-00173933 day we're going to do this quarterly
qoOYR6QxtpM-00818-00173934-00174076 every year we're going to do it and I'm
qoOYR6QxtpM-00819-00174077-00174316 going to do quarterly updates thank you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00820-00174317-00174526 so much for being part of this program
qoOYR6QxtpM-00821-00174527-00174701 thank you
qoOYR6QxtpM-00822-00174702-00174857 okay this is thecube's coverage of
qoOYR6QxtpM-00823-00174858-00174959 international women's day I'm John
qoOYR6QxtpM-00824-00174960-00175872 Furrier your host thanks for watching
qoOYR6QxtpM-00825-00175873-00175990 [Music]
qoOYR6QxtpM-00826-00175991-00176291 foreign
q0o4C0y20Io-00000-00002720-00003014 welcome to this course on nanostructured
q0o4C0y20Io-00001-00003015-00003361 materials synthesis properties
q0o4C0y20Io-00002-00003361-00003686 self-assembly and applications today we
q0o4C0y20Io-00003-00003686-00004018 are going through lecture number 12 of
q0o4C0y20Io-00004-00004019-00004397 module 3 and this is the third lecture
q0o4C0y20Io-00005-00004398-00004736 of the series of course shell nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00006-00004737-00005054 structures and today we will do some
q0o4C0y20Io-00007-00005055-00005261 applications of course shell nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00008-00005262-00005714 structures so there are many types of
q0o4C0y20Io-00009-00005715-00005929 applications of course shell nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00010-00005930-00006268 structures depending on what is the core
q0o4C0y20Io-00011-00006269-00006608 and what is the shell for example you
q0o4C0y20Io-00012-00006609-00006964 can have a magnetic core and a
q0o4C0y20Io-00013-00006965-00007250 non-magnetic shell or a ferromagnetic
q0o4C0y20Io-00014-00007251-00007651 core or an anti ferromagnetic shell or
q0o4C0y20Io-00015-00007652-00008027 diamagnetic core and a magnetic shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00016-00008028-00008260 this is with magnetism similarly you can
q0o4C0y20Io-00017-00008261-00008609 have a optical materials as core covered
q0o4C0y20Io-00018-00008610-00008878 with a shell with a different optical
q0o4C0y20Io-00019-00008879-00009220 property like a different band gap and
q0o4C0y20Io-00020-00009221-00009470 you can have course shell materials
q0o4C0y20Io-00021-00009471-00009949 which can carry drugs to be used for
q0o4C0y20Io-00022-00009950-00010226 drug delivery so course shell nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00023-00010227-00010508 structures have applications in a wide
q0o4C0y20Io-00024-00010509-00010970 variety of technologies which are going
q0o4C0y20Io-00025-00010971-00011296 to be useful in coming years to a large
q0o4C0y20Io-00026-00011297-00011878 extent so the first example that we can
q0o4C0y20Io-00027-00011879-00012569 discuss is a zinc sulfide core on with a
q0o4C0y20Io-00028-00012570-00013147 shell of silica and the core shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00029-00013149-00013601 structure is not spherical but it is in
q0o4C0y20Io-00030-00013602-00014015 the form of a thick wire or we can call
q0o4C0y20Io-00031-00014016-00014360 them nano cables so inside this dark
q0o4C0y20Io-00032-00014361-00014654 part is the core material we are calling
q0o4C0y20Io-00033-00014655-00014963 which is zinc sulphide and on top of
q0o4C0y20Io-00034-00014963-00015340 that you have silica and this
q0o4C0y20Io-00035-00015341-00015516 combination
q0o4C0y20Io-00036-00015518-00015930 of zinc sulphide and silica Kaushal
q0o4C0y20Io-00037-00015931-00016370 nanostructures can be used as sensors
q0o4C0y20Io-00038-00016371-00016761 for finding out a particular biological
q0o4C0y20Io-00039-00016762-00017142 molecule and so these nano cables can be
q0o4C0y20Io-00040-00017143-00017599 used as biological sensors so here a
q0o4C0y20Io-00041-00017600-00018009 kind of a device is shown where you have
q0o4C0y20Io-00042-00018010-00018444 the core shell nano structure on top
q0o4C0y20Io-00043-00018445-00018762 like this and there are two electrodes
q0o4C0y20Io-00044-00018763-00019117 and you can measure the voltage across
q0o4C0y20Io-00045-00019118-00019617 this now when there is a molecule like
q0o4C0y20Io-00046-00019618-00019827 the protein molecule here it is a
q0o4C0y20Io-00047-00019828-00020364 molecule BSA now this BSA molecule if it
q0o4C0y20Io-00048-00020365-00020889 is on top of this nano cable where the
q0o4C0y20Io-00049-00020890-00021344 surface is of silica so if this is
q0o4C0y20Io-00050-00021345-00021769 having a some charge then the nano cable
q0o4C0y20Io-00051-00021770-00022128 with silica on the shell normally has a
q0o4C0y20Io-00052-00022129-00022543 negative charge so a protein which has a
q0o4C0y20Io-00053-00022544-00022890 positive charge will sit on it easily
q0o4C0y20Io-00054-00022891-00023271 because this shell has got a negative
q0o4C0y20Io-00055-00023272-00023578 charge that's the property of silica
q0o4C0y20Io-00056-00023579-00023961 surfaces and since the protein has a
q0o4C0y20Io-00057-00023962-00024205 positive charge this protein here is
q0o4C0y20Io-00058-00024206-00024630 bovine serum albumin that is from the
q0o4C0y20Io-00059-00024631-00024894 blood of is a protein from the blood of
q0o4C0y20Io-00060-00024895-00025474 the a bovine like cow and this protein
q0o4C0y20Io-00061-00025475-00026018 has a positive charge and hence will be
q0o4C0y20Io-00062-00026019-00026281 stabilized on the surface of the Nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00063-00026282-00026632 cable now when that happens then the
q0o4C0y20Io-00064-00026633-00026937 conductance changes so here you see
q0o4C0y20Io-00065-00026938-00027312 before the protein was attached to the
q0o4C0y20Io-00066-00027313-00027676 Nano cable the conductance is somewhere
q0o4C0y20Io-00067-00027677-00027843 here and it remains more or less
q0o4C0y20Io-00068-00027844-00028198 constant with time however when the
q0o4C0y20Io-00069-00028199-00028515 protein is on top of the silica surface
q0o4C0y20Io-00070-00028516-00028933 of this nano cable then the
q0o4C0y20Io-00071-00028935-00029493 conductance Falls so this signal of the
q0o4C0y20Io-00072-00029494-00029894 drop in conductance will give you a
q0o4C0y20Io-00073-00029895-00030449 sense of the biological molecule so such
q0o4C0y20Io-00074-00030450-00030869 nano cables can be used to sense
q0o4C0y20Io-00075-00030870-00031161 biological molecules here a particular
q0o4C0y20Io-00076-00031162-00031494 case where the charge of the biomolecule
q0o4C0y20Io-00077-00031495-00031806 is of importance because that is
q0o4C0y20Io-00078-00031807-00032031 bringing about a change in the
q0o4C0y20Io-00079-00032032-00032370 conductance so what one is measuring is
q0o4C0y20Io-00080-00032370-00032616 the conductance and this fall in
q0o4C0y20Io-00081-00032617-00032867 conductance can be quantified and
q0o4C0y20Io-00082-00032868-00033141 accordingly you can tell how much of the
q0o4C0y20Io-00083-00033142-00033564 protein is sitting on the surface so
q0o4C0y20Io-00084-00033565-00033876 this is an example of course shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00085-00033877-00034281 structure as a biological sensor now
q0o4C0y20Io-00086-00034282-00034604 this is another example of zinc sulfide
q0o4C0y20Io-00087-00034605-00034944 silica nano cable as a chemical sensor
q0o4C0y20Io-00088-00034945-00035328 so you have this zinc sulfide core on
q0o4C0y20Io-00089-00035329-00035637 top you have this silica surface its
q0o4C0y20Io-00090-00035638-00036018 silicon and oxygen bonds and on top of
q0o4C0y20Io-00091-00036019-00036342 this you have a functionalized molecule
q0o4C0y20Io-00092-00036343-00036797 with an ammonium ion so here it is
q0o4C0y20Io-00093-00036798-00037221 protonated amine and at a different pH
q0o4C0y20Io-00094-00037222-00037563 when you raise the pH this proton will
q0o4C0y20Io-00095-00037564-00037995 be lost and it will become simple nh-2
q0o4C0y20Io-00096-00037996-00038430 group right and there are got you have
q0o4C0y20Io-00097-00038431-00038844 got these kind of Oh H groups at some of
q0o4C0y20Io-00098-00038845-00039294 the cylon all groups which are in the Oh
q0o4C0y20Io-00099-00039295-00039678 H form in the hydroxylated form now if
q0o4C0y20Io-00100-00039679-00040017 we increase further pH so you increase
q0o4C0y20Io-00101-00040018-00040353 the pH and you have this amine group
q0o4C0y20Io-00102-00040354-00040599 instead of the protonated group at
q0o4C0y20Io-00103-00040600-00040983 further high pH even these protons from
q0o4C0y20Io-00104-00040984-00041232 the Oh H groups will be lost so in the
q0o4C0y20Io-00105-00041233-00041613 first step these protons will be lost in
q0o4C0y20Io-00106-00041614-00041946 the second step at higher pH the Oh H
q0o4C0y20Io-00107-00041947-00042222 protons will be lost and that you can
q0o4C0y20Io-00108-00042223-00042323 see
q0o4C0y20Io-00109-00042324-00042703 in the conductance so when you are
q0o4C0y20Io-00110-00042704-00043097 having this configuration the
q0o4C0y20Io-00111-00043098-00043453 conductance is somewhere somewhere here
q0o4C0y20Io-00112-00043454-00044090 some 0.13 micro Siemens at around pH 4
q0o4C0y20Io-00113-00044091-00044390 and it is more or less constant and when
q0o4C0y20Io-00114-00044391-00044822 you increase to pH 7 then this proton
q0o4C0y20Io-00115-00044823-00045140 has been lost and the conductance Falls
q0o4C0y20Io-00116-00045141-00045569 and then it continues like that till
q0o4C0y20Io-00117-00045570-00045950 again you change the pH to higher pH now
q0o4C0y20Io-00118-00045951-00046226 you are at pH 10 the conductance Falls
q0o4C0y20Io-00119-00046227-00046562 further because even the edge groups
q0o4C0y20Io-00120-00046563-00047021 have been the protons have gone away so
q0o4C0y20Io-00121-00047022-00047413 you can plot as a function of pH a
q0o4C0y20Io-00122-00047414-00047735 variation in the conductance depending
q0o4C0y20Io-00123-00047736-00048095 on these studies so functionalized nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00124-00048096-00048289 cables so you have functionalized this
q0o4C0y20Io-00125-00048290-00048745 core cell structure of zinc sulphide and
q0o4C0y20Io-00126-00048746-00049361 silica and you have these kind of SiO
q0o4C0y20Io-00127-00049362-00049757 minus groups at higher pH and NH 2
q0o4C0y20Io-00128-00049758-00050246 groups are having NH 3 plus so this kind
q0o4C0y20Io-00129-00050247-00050735 of variation in pH is controlling the
q0o4C0y20Io-00130-00050736-00051041 conductance and it is behaving like a
q0o4C0y20Io-00131-00051042-00051615 gate so this is well known in devices
q0o4C0y20Io-00132-00051616-00051890 semiconducting devices where one
q0o4C0y20Io-00133-00051891-00052192 controls the current flow through a
q0o4C0y20Io-00134-00052194-00052412 particular voltage which is called the
q0o4C0y20Io-00135-00052413-00052670 gate voltage but here you are doing this
q0o4C0y20Io-00136-00052671-00053029 by varying the pH of the system you can
q0o4C0y20Io-00137-00053029-00053414 make the system act like a gate here it
q0o4C0y20Io-00138-00053415-00053767 is acting like a positive gate on
q0o4C0y20Io-00139-00053769-00054098 decreasing pH and a negative gate on
q0o4C0y20Io-00140-00054099-00054311 increasing pH that means when you
q0o4C0y20Io-00141-00054312-00054491 increase pH the conductance is
q0o4C0y20Io-00142-00054491-00054704 decreasing that means charge carriers
q0o4C0y20Io-00143-00054704-00055079 are less and when you decrease pH there
q0o4C0y20Io-00144-00055079-00055304 are more charge carriers and so the
q0o4C0y20Io-00145-00055304-00055523 conductance goes up so this is another
q0o4C0y20Io-00146-00055524-00055647 example
q0o4C0y20Io-00147-00055648-00055959 of a nano cable a course shell nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00148-00055960-00056291 cable which is acting as a sensor and
q0o4C0y20Io-00149-00056292-00056637 here it is a chemical sensor because it
q0o4C0y20Io-00150-00056638-00056946 is identifying the variation in the
q0o4C0y20Io-00151-00056947-00057162 concentration of protons it is a
q0o4C0y20Io-00152-00057163-00057534 chemical object and in the previous
q0o4C0y20Io-00153-00057535-00057754 example there was a biological molecule
q0o4C0y20Io-00154-00057755-00058250 which was being sensed by the course
q0o4C0y20Io-00155-00058251-00058512 shell nano cable and then it was a
q0o4C0y20Io-00156-00058513-00058757 biological sensor here it is acting as a
q0o4C0y20Io-00157-00058758-00059097 chemical sensor now this is another
q0o4C0y20Io-00158-00059098-00059397 example of course shell structure there
q0o4C0y20Io-00159-00059398-00059843 now it is an alloy particle forms the
q0o4C0y20Io-00160-00059844-00060062 core so this is a transmission electron
q0o4C0y20Io-00161-00060063-00060404 micrograph of a core shell structure and
q0o4C0y20Io-00162-00060405-00060826 these are like spheres and the dark
q0o4C0y20Io-00163-00060827-00061132 sphere small sphere at the centre is
q0o4C0y20Io-00164-00061133-00061436 basically the iron platinum alloy and
q0o4C0y20Io-00165-00061437-00062115 the lighter coating or the shell is made
q0o4C0y20Io-00166-00062116-00062523 up of cobalt disulfide and these are
q0o4C0y20Io-00167-00062524-00062768 spherical course shell nano structures
q0o4C0y20Io-00168-00062769-00063092 and if you take the e-tax from the
q0o4C0y20Io-00169-00063094-00063380 centre of the sphere that is point one
q0o4C0y20Io-00170-00063381-00063741 you will get an e Dax which will show
q0o4C0y20Io-00171-00063741-00064341 you iron platinum and cobalt all three
q0o4C0y20Io-00172-00064341-00064661 and the copper comes from the grid
q0o4C0y20Io-00173-00064662-00065155 whereas if you take the edx analysis
q0o4C0y20Io-00174-00065156-00065649 from the shell then the 0.2 if your
q0o4C0y20Io-00175-00065650-00066087 electron beam is going through 0.2 then
q0o4C0y20Io-00176-00066088-00066413 you will only see those metals are those
q0o4C0y20Io-00177-00066414-00066668 elements which are present in the shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00178-00066669-00067319 and here you see you you can find sulfur
q0o4C0y20Io-00179-00067320-00067538 which because it is there sulfur is
q0o4C0y20Io-00180-00067539-00067896 there and you will see cobalt because
q0o4C0y20Io-00181-00067897-00068136 cobalt sulphide is there but you will
q0o4C0y20Io-00182-00068137-00068454 not see any iron or platinum because
q0o4C0y20Io-00183-00068455-00068715 they are in the core so iron and
q0o4C0y20Io-00184-00068716-00068991 platinum is missing here whereas all the
q0o4C0y20Io-00185-00068992-00069045 elements
q0o4C0y20Io-00186-00069046-00069252 you can see here because when you pass
q0o4C0y20Io-00187-00069253-00069534 the beam through one it goes through the
q0o4C0y20Io-00188-00069535-00069885 shell into the core and you will see all
q0o4C0y20Io-00189-00069886-00070119 the elements which are present in the
q0o4C0y20Io-00190-00070120-00070455 core as well as the shell so these are
q0o4C0y20Io-00191-00070456-00070746 EDX analysis normally done in a
q0o4C0y20Io-00192-00070747-00070994 transmission electron micrograph
q0o4C0y20Io-00193-00070995-00071405 transmission electron microscope by
q0o4C0y20Io-00194-00071406-00071754 choosing the electron beam to fall on
q0o4C0y20Io-00195-00071755-00072075 specific positions in the core shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00196-00072076-00072401 structures and that's how you identify
q0o4C0y20Io-00197-00072402-00072759 that your core is made of iron platinum
q0o4C0y20Io-00198-00072760-00073133 and your shell has got cobalt disulfide
q0o4C0y20Io-00199-00073134-00073491 now why do you make such a material for
q0o4C0y20Io-00200-00073492-00073722 some application and what is the
q0o4C0y20Io-00201-00073723-00074067 application here in mind that the cobalt
q0o4C0y20Io-00202-00074068-00074310 sulfide which is on the outside outside
q0o4C0y20Io-00203-00074311-00074775 the shell it has got a polar surface and
q0o4C0y20Io-00204-00074776-00075123 is also porous because the way you make
q0o4C0y20Io-00205-00075124-00075504 the shell using Kuykendall effect you
q0o4C0y20Io-00206-00075505-00075942 generate porous structure for the cobalt
q0o4C0y20Io-00207-00075943-00076302 disulfide shell so there are pores in
q0o4C0y20Io-00208-00076303-00076785 this shell and from this pores when when
q0o4C0y20Io-00209-00076786-00077088 this core shell is in a solution it can
q0o4C0y20Io-00210-00077089-00077403 interact with biological molecules in
q0o4C0y20Io-00211-00077404-00077810 the solution and then what happens
q0o4C0y20Io-00212-00077811-00078087 oxidation of the core material because
q0o4C0y20Io-00213-00078088-00078402 whatever is there in the outside if you
q0o4C0y20Io-00214-00078403-00078681 oxidize the iron platinum then the
q0o4C0y20Io-00215-00078682-00079131 Platinum is released and then so when
q0o4C0y20Io-00216-00079132-00079485 the Platinum is released it can go out
q0o4C0y20Io-00217-00079486-00079800 of the shell and interact with the
q0o4C0y20Io-00218-00079801-00080115 biological specimens and typically
q0o4C0y20Io-00219-00080116-00080574 attacks the DNA and will damage the HeLa
q0o4C0y20Io-00220-00080575-00080799 cells which is a particular cell line
q0o4C0y20Io-00221-00080800-00081398 and that can be seen in this plot that
q0o4C0y20Io-00222-00081399-00081762 the cell viability percentage it goes
q0o4C0y20Io-00223-00081763-00082086 down with time and this can be seen
q0o4C0y20Io-00224-00082087-00082410 using different concentrate
q0o4C0y20Io-00225-00082411-00082922 so basically you are making platinum
q0o4C0y20Io-00226-00082923-00083579 ions interact with the DNA by
q0o4C0y20Io-00227-00083580-00083892 controlling the shell structure such
q0o4C0y20Io-00228-00083893-00084207 that the platinum is released only when
q0o4C0y20Io-00229-00084208-00084651 it comes when it gets oxidized and then
q0o4C0y20Io-00230-00084652-00085082 it will be released and then it can act
q0o4C0y20Io-00231-00085083-00085471 with the DNA and destroy the DNA of the
q0o4C0y20Io-00232-00085472-00085713 HeLa cell so this is a kind of a
q0o4C0y20Io-00233-00085714-00086193 targeted drug delivery because the
q0o4C0y20Io-00234-00086194-00086430 oxidation of the core nanoparticles at
q0o4C0y20Io-00235-00086431-00086865 the targeted site occurs and then only
q0o4C0y20Io-00236-00086866-00087129 the platinum is released and the
q0o4C0y20Io-00237-00087130-00087474 Platinum then destroys the cancerous
q0o4C0y20Io-00238-00087475-00088026 cells which are present and that's kind
q0o4C0y20Io-00239-00088027-00088290 of an example of using a core shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00240-00088291-00088848 structure at a specific site so you you
q0o4C0y20Io-00241-00088849-00089148 are having a targeted drug delivery you
q0o4C0y20Io-00242-00089149-00089478 are targeting a particular type of cell
q0o4C0y20Io-00243-00089479-00089722 and you are delivering the drug in this
q0o4C0y20Io-00244-00089723-00090046 case platinum ions at the site where you
q0o4C0y20Io-00245-00090047-00090417 want it to be now this is another
q0o4C0y20Io-00246-00090418-00090693 example of course shell nano structures
q0o4C0y20Io-00247-00090694-00091215 where the core is made of cadmium
q0o4C0y20Io-00248-00091216-00091581 selenide zinc sulfide quantum dots so
q0o4C0y20Io-00249-00091582-00091897 this mixture of cadmium selenide zinc
q0o4C0y20Io-00250-00091898-00092294 sulfide quantum dots very small nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00251-00092295-00092727 particles act as the core and you have
q0o4C0y20Io-00252-00092728-00093216 on top silica nanoparticles okay now
q0o4C0y20Io-00253-00093217-00093504 what happens when you put them in a
q0o4C0y20Io-00254-00093505-00093837 solution along with green fluorescent
q0o4C0y20Io-00255-00093838-00094398 protein now the the red marks or the red
q0o4C0y20Io-00256-00094399-00094712 point are places where the quantum dot
q0o4C0y20Io-00257-00094713-00095001 silica course shell nano structures are
q0o4C0y20Io-00258-00095002-00095262 there so here also you can see red spots
q0o4C0y20Io-00259-00095263-00095653 so in a particular solution these are
q0o4C0y20Io-00260-00095654-00096009 pictures taken in a confocal
q0o4C0y20Io-00261-00096010-00096319 fluorescence imaging microscope where
q0o4C0y20Io-00262-00096320-00096667 you are having this course shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00263-00096668-00097053 particles of quantum dots and silica and
q0o4C0y20Io-00264-00097054-00097339 can see along with green fluorescent
q0o4C0y20Io-00265-00097340-00097707 protein and the cells are basically
q0o4C0y20Io-00266-00097708-00098002 neural cell these are some cortical
q0o4C0y20Io-00267-00098003-00098338 neural cells and you can see that the
q0o4C0y20Io-00268-00098339-00098590 red particles which are the quantum dots
q0o4C0y20Io-00269-00098591-00098884 with the shell they are the red ones and
q0o4C0y20Io-00270-00098885-00099097 the green ones are the GFP or the green
q0o4C0y20Io-00271-00099098-00099454 fluorescent protein and the property of
q0o4C0y20Io-00272-00099455-00099658 the green fluorescent protein is it will
q0o4C0y20Io-00273-00099659-00099916 be seen only where there are live cells
q0o4C0y20Io-00274-00099917-00100132 so these are all live cells and these
q0o4C0y20Io-00275-00100133-00100420 are the course shell particles and this
q0o4C0y20Io-00276-00100421-00100711 is from another part of the cell of the
q0o4C0y20Io-00277-00100712-00100978 solution where a cell is present and you
q0o4C0y20Io-00278-00100979-00101248 can see that the quantum dot with the
q0o4C0y20Io-00279-00101249-00101716 shell is internalized that means it goes
q0o4C0y20Io-00280-00101717-00102028 inside the cell and the cell is alive
q0o4C0y20Io-00281-00102029-00102286 because you can still see the green
q0o4C0y20Io-00282-00102287-00102574 fluorescent protein on the edge and that
q0o4C0y20Io-00283-00102575-00102885 shows that without inducing cell death
q0o4C0y20Io-00284-00102886-00103267 the quantum dots silicic or shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00285-00103268-00103621 structure can be internalized so this is
q0o4C0y20Io-00286-00103622-00104034 an example of using a core shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00287-00104035-00104310 structure to image and later on after
q0o4C0y20Io-00288-00104311-00104590 imaging you can try to deliver the drug
q0o4C0y20Io-00289-00104591-00105006 and see whether it goes into the cell
q0o4C0y20Io-00290-00105007-00105319 now this is another example of another
q0o4C0y20Io-00291-00105320-00105553 type of cells these are called NIH 3t3
q0o4C0y20Io-00292-00105554-00106059 cells and here also you can see that the
q0o4C0y20Io-00293-00106060-00106573 GFP protein are showing up that means
q0o4C0y20Io-00294-00106574-00106836 the cells are still alive so these are
q0o4C0y20Io-00295-00106838-00107310 typical regions from these places this
q0o4C0y20Io-00296-00107311-00107830 is an assumed image of these parts so
q0o4C0y20Io-00297-00107831-00107992 this belongs to this part and this
q0o4C0y20Io-00298-00107993-00108459 belongs to this part and so they these
q0o4C0y20Io-00299-00108460-00108942 quantum dots with silica are mediated
q0o4C0y20Io-00300-00108943-00109176 they mediate transfection of this cell
q0o4C0y20Io-00301-00109177-00109533 line and the cells are alive because the
q0o4C0y20Io-00302-00109533-00109803 green fluorescent protein can be seen
q0o4C0y20Io-00303-00109804-00110205 they are expressing it and so this is
q0o4C0y20Io-00304-00110206-00110481 enough evidence that you can use these
q0o4C0y20Io-00305-00110482-00111134 particles for imaging and also for drug
q0o4C0y20Io-00306-00111135-00111627 delivery if required so the two examples
q0o4C0y20Io-00307-00111628-00111896 the last two examples that we showed
q0o4C0y20Io-00308-00111897-00112299 shows the ability to bind transport and
q0o4C0y20Io-00309-00112300-00112650 release DNA into the cell and which
q0o4C0y20Io-00310-00112651-00112977 allows the GFP the green fluorescent
q0o4C0y20Io-00311-00112978-00113423 protein plasmid to be transfected and
q0o4C0y20Io-00312-00113424-00113883 human neuroblastoma cell lines so n is 3
q0o4C0y20Io-00313-00113883-00114150 T 3 and human neuroblastoma cell lines
q0o4C0y20Io-00314-00114151-00114603 were used and the thus the quantum dot
q0o4C0y20Io-00315-00114604-00114972 silicic or shell structure allows them
q0o4C0y20Io-00316-00114973-00115344 to be of value for nanomedicine
q0o4C0y20Io-00317-00115345-00115596 applications that means we can use these
q0o4C0y20Io-00318-00115597-00116057 core shell structures and take drugs and
q0o4C0y20Io-00319-00116058-00116308 visualize where the drug is going
q0o4C0y20Io-00320-00116309-00116616 without killing the cells so these 2
q0o4C0y20Io-00321-00116617-00116874 examples show the viability of these
q0o4C0y20Io-00322-00116875-00117177 core shell structures to be used up in
q0o4C0y20Io-00323-00117178-00117480 drug delivery and in nano medicine in
q0o4C0y20Io-00324-00117481-00118163 general now this is another example of a
q0o4C0y20Io-00325-00118164-00118574 core shell structure where we have used
q0o4C0y20Io-00326-00118575-00118968 alkane thiolate functionalized core
q0o4C0y20Io-00327-00118969-00119258 shell structure where the core is made
q0o4C0y20Io-00328-00119259-00119673 of iron oxide Fe 3 o 4 and it is coated
q0o4C0y20Io-00329-00119674-00120219 with gold so you have this iron oxide
q0o4C0y20Io-00330-00120220-00120560 inside and outside you have a gold
q0o4C0y20Io-00331-00120561-00120816 coating the purple ring that you see is
q0o4C0y20Io-00332-00120817-00121140 the gold coating and on top it is
q0o4C0y20Io-00333-00121141-00121577 functionalized this red color is
q0o4C0y20Io-00334-00121578-00121907 functionalisation by this alkene violet
q0o4C0y20Io-00335-00121908-00122265 now the tire pile part
q0o4C0y20Io-00336-00122266-00122541 we'll be towards the gold surface so
q0o4C0y20Io-00337-00122542-00122858 this can be seen better in this diagram
q0o4C0y20Io-00338-00122859-00123150 so how do you make this first is that
q0o4C0y20Io-00339-00123151-00123519 you first make iron oxide nanoparticles
q0o4C0y20Io-00340-00123520-00123868 with standard procedures once you get
q0o4C0y20Io-00341-00123869-00124061 the spherical iron oxide nanoparticles
q0o4C0y20Io-00342-00124062-00124468 then you use Ora chloride that's the
q0o4C0y20Io-00343-00124469-00124722 starting material for making gold
q0o4C0y20Io-00344-00124723-00125160 particles or gold surfaces so on iron
q0o4C0y20Io-00345-00125161-00125424 oxide nanoparticles you put this auric
q0o4C0y20Io-00346-00125425-00125733 chloride and you get this iron oxide
q0o4C0y20Io-00347-00125733-00126033 core shell structure with the shell of
q0o4C0y20Io-00348-00126033-00126576 gold and then on top of that here you
q0o4C0y20Io-00349-00126577-00127047 use mercaptan decanoic acid which we
q0o4C0y20Io-00350-00127048-00127229 call eleven MUA
q0o4C0y20Io-00351-00127230-00127597 to form the functionalisation on top of
q0o4C0y20Io-00352-00127598-00127947 the gold and so the thyroid part will be
q0o4C0y20Io-00353-00127948-00128395 of this or the mercaptoethanol part will
q0o4C0y20Io-00354-00128396-00128613 link to the gold surface this purple
q0o4C0y20Io-00355-00128614-00128922 surface and the red part is the long
q0o4C0y20Io-00356-00128923-00129358 chain so it can be shown this part if
q0o4C0y20Io-00357-00129358-00129687 you see over the one two three layers
q0o4C0y20Io-00358-00129688-00130029 are basically the iron oxide and the
q0o4C0y20Io-00359-00130030-00130353 gold on top the purple you know and on
q0o4C0y20Io-00360-00130354-00130672 top is this chain of the mercaptan
q0o4C0y20Io-00361-00130673-00131079 decanoic acid this is the eleven carbon
q0o4C0y20Io-00362-00131080-00131304 chain at the end you will have the
q0o4C0y20Io-00363-00131305-00131656 carboxylate group and so these negative
q0o4C0y20Io-00364-00131657-00132051 ions will be on the surface and this is
q0o4C0y20Io-00365-00132052-00132382 the TM image of this iron oxide you can
q0o4C0y20Io-00366-00132383-00132706 see at the center the dark spot is iron
q0o4C0y20Io-00367-00132707-00133128 oxide and this is covered with the gold
q0o4C0y20Io-00368-00133129-00133629 particles so on top of that then you add
q0o4C0y20Io-00369-00133630-00133959 this eleven mark after and they connect
q0o4C0y20Io-00370-00133960-00134262 acid to get this core shell structure
q0o4C0y20Io-00371-00134263-00134475 which is functionalized with this
q0o4C0y20Io-00372-00134476-00135034 long-chain acid now what is the use of
q0o4C0y20Io-00373-00135035-00135291 this kind of a core shell structure so
q0o4C0y20Io-00374-00135292-00135556 you have modified a core shell structure
q0o4C0y20Io-00375-00135557-00135634 with
q0o4C0y20Io-00376-00135635-00135943 particular functionalisation and what is
q0o4C0y20Io-00377-00135944-00136258 the application the application is this
q0o4C0y20Io-00378-00136259-00136798 that at certain pH which is suppose less
q0o4C0y20Io-00379-00136799-00137138 than PKA you will have all the protons
q0o4C0y20Io-00380-00137139-00137497 they are not hydrolyzed so you have all
q0o4C0y20Io-00381-00137498-00137724 the protons they they are not protonated
q0o4C0y20Io-00382-00137725-00138136 it's an acid with the Oh H group and at
q0o4C0y20Io-00383-00138137-00138624 a pH which is larger than the pKa value
q0o4C0y20Io-00384-00138625-00138961 you will get these anions because the
q0o4C0y20Io-00385-00138962-00139479 protons have been lost and so this will
q0o4C0y20Io-00386-00139480-00139824 be able to pick up certain molecules
q0o4C0y20Io-00387-00139825-00140158 which this will not be able to pick up
q0o4C0y20Io-00388-00140159-00140485 because this is negatively charged it
q0o4C0y20Io-00389-00140486-00140818 will not be stable with negative or
q0o4C0y20Io-00390-00140819-00141169 anionic species so if you choose for
q0o4C0y20Io-00391-00141170-00141483 type of these species say non ionic
q0o4C0y20Io-00392-00141484-00141963 molecules and ions surfactants and some
q0o4C0y20Io-00393-00141964-00142314 acidic compounds whose pH is greater
q0o4C0y20Io-00394-00142315-00142641 than PKA and finally some acidic
q0o4C0y20Io-00395-00142642-00142948 compounds where the pH is less than PK
q0o4C0y20Io-00396-00142949-00143375 if you have these four type of molecules
q0o4C0y20Io-00397-00143376-00143850 then this form of the functionalized
q0o4C0y20Io-00398-00143851-00144184 molecule where the pH is less than PK
q0o4C0y20Io-00399-00144185-00144579 will bind to all the four different
q0o4C0y20Io-00400-00144580-00145050 types of species however when at higher
q0o4C0y20Io-00401-00145051-00145423 pH when these will be having negative
q0o4C0y20Io-00402-00145424-00145899 charges then they will not like to bind
q0o4C0y20Io-00403-00145900-00146272 negative or anionic species and hence
q0o4C0y20Io-00404-00146273-00146541 you see these are anionic surfactants
q0o4C0y20Io-00405-00146542-00146835 this green ones they will not be
q0o4C0y20Io-00406-00146836-00147274 adhering to this surface similarly these
q0o4C0y20Io-00407-00147275-00147544 acidic compounds whose pH is greater
q0o4C0y20Io-00408-00147545-00148036 than PKA will be having Oh minus charges
q0o4C0y20Io-00409-00148037-00148483 and hence they will also not be I mean
q0o4C0y20Io-00410-00148484-00148812 able to be adsorbed or bound to the
q0o4C0y20Io-00411-00148813-00149052 surface because this surface
q0o4C0y20Io-00412-00149053-00149506 itself has negative charges so this is
q0o4C0y20Io-00413-00149507-00149821 like a filter we're out of these
q0o4C0y20Io-00414-00149822-00150252 molecules four of them only two will be
q0o4C0y20Io-00415-00150253-00150598 bound to the surface whereas the other
q0o4C0y20Io-00416-00150599-00151092 two will be released so this is a good
q0o4C0y20Io-00417-00151093-00151468 application of these course shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00418-00151469-00151762 molecules which have been functionalized
q0o4C0y20Io-00419-00151763-00152239 by mercaptan decanoic acid and it is pH
q0o4C0y20Io-00420-00152240-00152542 sensitive with respect to certain
q0o4C0y20Io-00421-00152543-00153019 molecules and hence it only binds to
q0o4C0y20Io-00422-00153020-00153519 certain molecules at low pH and certain
q0o4C0y20Io-00423-00153520-00153964 molecules at high pH so that we can see
q0o4C0y20Io-00424-00153965-00154348 here at pH low pH it is binding to
q0o4C0y20Io-00425-00154349-00154722 almost all the systems of choice here at
q0o4C0y20Io-00426-00154723-00155218 high pH when it is greater than PKA then
q0o4C0y20Io-00427-00155219-00155688 it is only binding to those systems
q0o4C0y20Io-00428-00155689-00156364 which are neutral or positive and this
q0o4C0y20Io-00429-00156365-00157020 can be plotted in a curve that at low pH
q0o4C0y20Io-00430-00157021-00157552 you see the amount adsorbed is high for
q0o4C0y20Io-00431-00157553-00157927 certain molecules like SDS at high pH
q0o4C0y20Io-00432-00157928-00158275 because SDS is negatively charged at
q0o4C0y20Io-00433-00158276-00158773 high pH when it is greater than PKA then
q0o4C0y20Io-00434-00158774-00159130 you will have carboxylate groups on the
q0o4C0y20Io-00435-00159131-00159421 surface and once you have carboxylate
q0o4C0y20Io-00436-00159422-00159721 groups on the surface it will no more
q0o4C0y20Io-00437-00159722-00160156 adsorb the SDS because SDS itself has a
q0o4C0y20Io-00438-00160157-00160396 negative charge and so there will be a
q0o4C0y20Io-00439-00160397-00160795 drastic drop in the amount of material
q0o4C0y20Io-00440-00160796-00161067 which is getting adsorbed on the surface
q0o4C0y20Io-00441-00161068-00161401 so similar things have been done with
q0o4C0y20Io-00442-00161402-00161652 other molecules where there is a drop at
q0o4C0y20Io-00443-00161653-00162055 different pH for SDS the pH at which it
q0o4C0y20Io-00444-00162056-00162343 drops is around 6-4
q0o4C0y20Io-00445-00162344-00162777 for nitro phenol the drop is around pH
q0o4C0y20Io-00446-00162778-00163125 10 so the drop can vary but in all these
q0o4C0y20Io-00447-00163126-00163440 cases it drops after a certain pH and
q0o4C0y20Io-00448-00163441-00163831 this is because of the surface charge of
q0o4C0y20Io-00449-00163832-00164079 the functionalized group which is
q0o4C0y20Io-00450-00164080-00164458 generated when you change the pH to a
q0o4C0y20Io-00451-00164459-00164703 value which is greater than the pKa of
q0o4C0y20Io-00452-00164704-00165278 the acid group this is another example
q0o4C0y20Io-00453-00165279-00165885 towards medicine where vancomycin an
q0o4C0y20Io-00454-00165886-00166258 antibiotic is functionalized on a core
q0o4C0y20Io-00455-00166259-00166594 shell structure so you have a core shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00456-00166595-00166843 structure basically the core the inner
q0o4C0y20Io-00457-00166844-00167186 core is silver and outside you have
q0o4C0y20Io-00458-00167187-00167661 titanium dioxide and this antibiotic
q0o4C0y20Io-00459-00167662-00168036 vancomycin is attached so we say
q0o4C0y20Io-00460-00168037-00168204 functionalized to this course shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00461-00168205-00168559 particle and then we use two properties
q0o4C0y20Io-00462-00168560-00168874 why this is important is two properties
q0o4C0y20Io-00463-00168875-00169224 will act vancomycin is an antibiotic and
q0o4C0y20Io-00464-00169225-00169577 silver titanium is a very good
q0o4C0y20Io-00465-00169578-00169962 photocatalyst so the synergistic effect
q0o4C0y20Io-00466-00169963-00170335 of the photo catalytic activity of the
q0o4C0y20Io-00467-00170336-00170688 silver tio2 core shell structure and the
q0o4C0y20Io-00468-00170689-00171031 antibiotic activity of vancomycin so it
q0o4C0y20Io-00469-00171032-00171457 will be a dual approach and you will see
q0o4C0y20Io-00470-00171458-00171687 the effect it's called a synergistic
q0o4C0y20Io-00471-00171688-00171951 effect because two properties are acting
q0o4C0y20Io-00472-00171952-00172318 in synergistically so how you make them
q0o4C0y20Io-00473-00172319-00172590 is you first X silver nanoparticles you
q0o4C0y20Io-00474-00172591-00172843 make silver nanoparticles then you make
q0o4C0y20Io-00475-00172844-00173035 a silicon layer on top of the silver
q0o4C0y20Io-00476-00173036-00173379 nanoparticles using tetra oxy silane and
q0o4C0y20Io-00477-00173380-00173782 on top of that you make a tio2
q0o4C0y20Io-00478-00173783-00174331 shell using titanium isopropoxide so
q0o4C0y20Io-00479-00174332-00174591 actually the silver is inside in between
q0o4C0y20Io-00480-00174592-00174936 there is a silica shell sio2 shell and
q0o4C0y20Io-00481-00174937-00175333 on top of that there is a tio2 shell but
q0o4C0y20Io-00482-00175334-00175702 together we are currently
q0o4C0y20Io-00483-00175703-00176044 furring to this system as silver tio2
q0o4C0y20Io-00484-00176045-00176287 core shell structure and we are not
q0o4C0y20Io-00485-00176288-00176527 referring to the silica which is in
q0o4C0y20Io-00486-00176528-00177136 between now to this silver tio2 core
q0o4C0y20Io-00487-00177137-00177480 shell structures if we to attach
q0o4C0y20Io-00488-00177481-00177913 vancomycin it is first necessary to add
q0o4C0y20Io-00489-00177914-00178303 dopamine and another molecule DSS which
q0o4C0y20Io-00490-00178304-00178732 is super Acastus and hydroxy sucks in
q0o4C0y20Io-00491-00178733-00179094 amide ester so this molecule DSS and
q0o4C0y20Io-00492-00179095-00179323 dopamine help
q0o4C0y20Io-00493-00179324-00179584 vancomycin which is an antibiotic to
q0o4C0y20Io-00494-00179585-00180123 bind on the tio2 shell so this black
q0o4C0y20Io-00495-00180124-00180580 fork like things are basically showing
q0o4C0y20Io-00496-00180581-00180999 you where vancomycin the antibiotic is
q0o4C0y20Io-00497-00181000-00181372 bound on the surface of the course shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00498-00181373-00181618 nano structure so once you get this
q0o4C0y20Io-00499-00181619-00181948 vancomycin core shell nano structure
q0o4C0y20Io-00500-00181949-00182556 then it can be used to act against some
q0o4C0y20Io-00501-00182557-00182893 bacteria etcetera and study the
q0o4C0y20Io-00502-00182894-00183334 bactericidal activity from gram positive
q0o4C0y20Io-00503-00183335-00183904 bacteria so one of these is s RB and we
q0o4C0y20Io-00504-00183905-00184150 will study under UV light because we
q0o4C0y20Io-00505-00184151-00184516 want we know that silver tio2 Kaushal
q0o4C0y20Io-00506-00184517-00184954 structure is a UV photocatalyst so what
q0o4C0y20Io-00507-00184955-00185527 happens when you react this silver tio2
q0o4C0y20Io-00508-00185528-00185860 core-shell structure conjugated to
q0o4C0y20Io-00509-00185861-00186298 vancomycin the antibiotic with a sulfate
q0o4C0y20Io-00510-00186299-00186682 reducing bacteria so these molecules
q0o4C0y20Io-00511-00186683-00187306 attach to the bacteria and then in the
q0o4C0y20Io-00512-00187307-00187627 presence of UV light it degrades this
q0o4C0y20Io-00513-00187628-00188098 bacteria so the rate of degradation is
q0o4C0y20Io-00514-00188099-00188437 much faster if you use a combination of
q0o4C0y20Io-00515-00188438-00188851 silver tio2 and vancomycin instead of
q0o4C0y20Io-00516-00188852-00189082 just silver tio2
q0o4C0y20Io-00517-00189083-00189478 or just vancomycin so because two
q0o4C0y20Io-00518-00189479-00189754 properties are acting simultaneously one
q0o4C0y20Io-00519-00189755-00190120 is the UV photocatalysis of silver tio2
q0o4C0y20Io-00520-00190121-00190597 and the antibiotic property of
q0o4C0y20Io-00521-00190598-00191134 vancomycin now we can also make hollow
q0o4C0y20Io-00522-00191135-00191332 shells we were discussing core shells
q0o4C0y20Io-00523-00191333-00191662 that means there is a particle core
q0o4C0y20Io-00524-00191663-00191899 material on top of which there is a
q0o4C0y20Io-00525-00191900-00192163 shell and that's the core shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00526-00192164-00192493 structure now we can also make use of
q0o4C0y20Io-00527-00192494-00192730 hollow shells that means there is a
q0o4C0y20Io-00528-00192731-00193225 shell with nothing inside so how do you
q0o4C0y20Io-00529-00193226-00193525 make such hollow shells for example you
q0o4C0y20Io-00530-00193526-00193786 take this core shell structure of cobalt
q0o4C0y20Io-00531-00193787-00194152 oxide and silicon the outside you put it
q0o4C0y20Io-00532-00194153-00194440 in sulfuric acid and then the core is
q0o4C0y20Io-00533-00194441-00194749 eaten away and what is remaining is the
q0o4C0y20Io-00534-00194750-00195157 hollow silica shell and how do you know
q0o4C0y20Io-00535-00195158-00195370 that the hollow silica shell is formed
q0o4C0y20Io-00536-00195371-00195784 is basically you will have from infrared
q0o4C0y20Io-00537-00195785-00196030 spectroscopy you will see the
q0o4C0y20Io-00538-00196031-00196438 vibrational frequencies corresponding to
q0o4C0y20Io-00539-00196439-00196915 edge groups then SiO age group and Oh si
q0o4C0y20Io-00540-00196916-00197260 o stretching frequencies and you will
q0o4C0y20Io-00541-00197261-00197581 not see any frequency due to cobalt
q0o4C0y20Io-00542-00197582-00197941 oxide which you can see in the original
q0o4C0y20Io-00543-00197942-00198526 core shell nano structure from electron
q0o4C0y20Io-00544-00198527-00198744 microscopy also you can characterize
q0o4C0y20Io-00545-00198745-00199051 such core shell structure so you can see
q0o4C0y20Io-00546-00199052-00199357 these thick or dark particles of cobalt
q0o4C0y20Io-00547-00199358-00199843 oxide surrounded by a thin shell and you
q0o4C0y20Io-00548-00199844-00200125 can do a Eid ax that is energy
q0o4C0y20Io-00549-00200126-00200446 dispersive x-ray analysis and you can
q0o4C0y20Io-00550-00200447-00200931 see cobalt silicon oxygen from here
q0o4C0y20Io-00551-00200932-00201285 copper from of course the TM grade and
q0o4C0y20Io-00552-00201286-00201583 in the hollow shells you can see that
q0o4C0y20Io-00553-00201584-00202030 only the shell is present this internal
q0o4C0y20Io-00554-00202031-00202372 part which was dark in here is no more
q0o4C0y20Io-00555-00202373-00202453 there
q0o4C0y20Io-00556-00202454-00202729 and these are the hollow shells you got
q0o4C0y20Io-00557-00202730-00203059 after you treated the core shell with
q0o4C0y20Io-00558-00203060-00203536 sulfuric acid and then this if you look
q0o4C0y20Io-00559-00203537-00203863 under the TEM V you get this image and
q0o4C0y20Io-00560-00203864-00204154 if you do energy dispersive x-ray
q0o4C0y20Io-00561-00204155-00204532 analysis you will see only silicon
q0o4C0y20Io-00562-00204533-00204748 oxygen and of course copper from the
q0o4C0y20Io-00563-00204749-00205269 grid and carbon due to impurities you
q0o4C0y20Io-00564-00205271-00205671 don't see any cobalt peak which you can
q0o4C0y20Io-00565-00205673-00205950 see here which shows these are hollow
q0o4C0y20Io-00566-00205951-00206311 shells now how you can use these hollow
q0o4C0y20Io-00567-00206312-00206631 shells is for example you can trap some
q0o4C0y20Io-00568-00206632-00206959 organic molecules which act as
q0o4C0y20Io-00569-00206960-00207352 pollutants and here you show that this
q0o4C0y20Io-00570-00207353-00207550 is the shell and these are like your
q0o4C0y20Io-00571-00207551-00207871 organic molecules which cause pollution
q0o4C0y20Io-00572-00207871-00208167 in the water and if you put the shells
q0o4C0y20Io-00573-00208169-00208462 in water after some time the shells get
q0o4C0y20Io-00574-00208463-00208794 trapped inside and how do you know that
q0o4C0y20Io-00575-00208796-00209125 the shells are trapped what you can do
q0o4C0y20Io-00576-00209126-00209421 is you can measure the UV visible
q0o4C0y20Io-00577-00209423-00209758 spectroscopy corresponding to the
q0o4C0y20Io-00578-00209759-00210082 organic compound and the intensity
q0o4C0y20Io-00579-00210083-00210421 suppose the absorption of that organic
q0o4C0y20Io-00580-00210421-00210934 compound is a peak around 500 nanometers
q0o4C0y20Io-00581-00210935-00211264 then if you monitor the peak as the
q0o4C0y20Io-00582-00211265-00211534 organic compound is getting trapped the
q0o4C0y20Io-00583-00211535-00211828 intensity will become lower and lower so
q0o4C0y20Io-00584-00211829-00212098 here you can see that the control
q0o4C0y20Io-00585-00212098-00212648 experiment is here which has them and
q0o4C0y20Io-00586-00212650-00212965 after 1 hour 2 hour
q0o4C0y20Io-00587-00212966-00213301 etcetera the intensity is decreasing so
q0o4C0y20Io-00588-00213302-00213617 for 2 hours you see the green one and
q0o4C0y20Io-00589-00213619-00213955 then after say 48 hours you can see this
q0o4C0y20Io-00590-00213956-00214392 black one for 48 and 72 hours now so the
q0o4C0y20Io-00591-00214394-00214651 intensity of the organic compound which
q0o4C0y20Io-00592-00214652-00214906 was methyl orange in this case decreases
q0o4C0y20Io-00593-00214907-00215065 to some extent and then tries to become
q0o4C0y20Io-00594-00215066-00215359 constant and the decrease is around 20%
q0o4C0y20Io-00595-00215360-00215733 here but you can get much higher
q0o4C0y20Io-00596-00215734-00216142 Cree's if you can design for other types
q0o4C0y20Io-00597-00216142-00216450 of larger hollow shells but what this
q0o4C0y20Io-00598-00216451-00216771 shows is hollow shells can trap the
q0o4C0y20Io-00599-00216772-00217219 organic pollutants now this is a example
q0o4C0y20Io-00600-00217219-00217596 of measuring or knowing that it is a
q0o4C0y20Io-00601-00217597-00217902 hollow shell again by TEM you can see
q0o4C0y20Io-00602-00217903-00218376 that but you can also use gas adsorption
q0o4C0y20Io-00603-00218377-00218754 which you can easily do in a surface
q0o4C0y20Io-00604-00218755-00219013 area type of measurement the bt method
q0o4C0y20Io-00605-00219014-00219255 and you can show that nitrogen
q0o4C0y20Io-00606-00219256-00219726 adsorption increases so initially the
q0o4C0y20Io-00607-00219727-00220029 particle surface area that you obtain
q0o4C0y20Io-00608-00220030-00220380 from nitrogen adsorption experiments is
q0o4C0y20Io-00609-00220381-00220740 around 103 point 1 meter square per gram
q0o4C0y20Io-00610-00220741-00221069 after some time it shows a surface of
q0o4C0y20Io-00611-00221071-00221406 191 point 8 meter square per gram and
q0o4C0y20Io-00612-00221407-00221724 this increase in surface area is
q0o4C0y20Io-00613-00221725-00222016 basically because of increase of
q0o4C0y20Io-00614-00222017-00222388 nitrogen gas inside and that shows that
q0o4C0y20Io-00615-00222389-00222717 it is a hollow shell to start with and
q0o4C0y20Io-00616-00222719-00223104 hence can take up nitrogen gas and so
q0o4C0y20Io-00617-00223105-00223441 the finally the surface area that you
q0o4C0y20Io-00618-00223442-00223710 calculate will be much larger in the
q0o4C0y20Io-00619-00223711-00223983 case when the nitrogen is absorbed by
q0o4C0y20Io-00620-00223984-00224235 this hollow shell and that is exactly
q0o4C0y20Io-00621-00224236-00224604 what happens from 103 the surface area
q0o4C0y20Io-00622-00224605-00225078 goes to 191 point eight and this is
q0o4C0y20Io-00623-00225079-00225319 another proof that you are dealing with
q0o4C0y20Io-00624-00225319-00225858 hollow shells now this is an example of
q0o4C0y20Io-00625-00225859-00226299 making movable silver course inside
q0o4C0y20Io-00626-00226300-00226734 hollow spheres or hollow shells so you
q0o4C0y20Io-00627-00226735-00226990 have to start with a polymeric hollow
q0o4C0y20Io-00628-00226991-00227447 nanosphere and you want to make silver
q0o4C0y20Io-00629-00227448-00227820 particle inside but not the entire
q0o4C0y20Io-00630-00227821-00228042 region should be covered but only a
q0o4C0y20Io-00631-00228044-00228225 small region should be covered with
q0o4C0y20Io-00632-00228226-00228525 silver so that the silver particle can
q0o4C0y20Io-00633-00228526-00228909 move around this internal surface like a
q0o4C0y20Io-00634-00228910-00229141 ball so what you do
q0o4C0y20Io-00635-00229142-00229414 first make this hollow sphere of a
q0o4C0y20Io-00636-00229415-00229803 polymer with kaitos and CSS kaito shion
q0o4C0y20Io-00637-00229804-00230253 and this is poly pyrrole to get this
q0o4C0y20Io-00638-00230254-00230744 hollow sphere you start from kato-san
q0o4C0y20Io-00639-00230746-00231180 which is shown here and you use silver
q0o4C0y20Io-00640-00231181-00231853 nitrate and pi roll and f is iron
q0o4C0y20Io-00641-00231854-00232012 chloride and you get silver chloride
q0o4C0y20Io-00642-00232013-00232410 particles okay and then you polymerize
q0o4C0y20Io-00643-00232411-00232714 and you get the polymer with the Kaito
q0o4C0y20Io-00644-00232715-00233067 Kaito Jean which is there they are
q0o4C0y20Io-00645-00233069-00233280 forming a shell around silver chloride
q0o4C0y20Io-00646-00233281-00233515 so first silver chloride forms and then
q0o4C0y20Io-00647-00233516-00233829 this silver chloride is inside and this
q0o4C0y20Io-00648-00233830-00234069 poly Perl titles and core shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00649-00234071-00234594 structure is formed then you add ammonia
q0o4C0y20Io-00650-00234594-00234948 ammonia hydroxide solution that eats
q0o4C0y20Io-00651-00234950-00235162 away the silver chloride so it dissolves
q0o4C0y20Io-00652-00235163-00235404 the silver chloride which is inside we
q0o4C0y20Io-00653-00235405-00235719 call it itching itching means removal of
q0o4C0y20Io-00654-00235721-00235956 something so you are removing silver
q0o4C0y20Io-00655-00235957-00236244 chloride by using ammonium hydroxide and
q0o4C0y20Io-00656-00236246-00236646 you are left with only the shell so you
q0o4C0y20Io-00657-00236648-00236950 get this hollow shells or hollow nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00658-00236951-00237339 spheres of poly puerile and kaito shion
q0o4C0y20Io-00659-00237340-00237909 now you take this hollow spheres so the
q0o4C0y20Io-00660-00237910-00238317 PP ycs hollow sphere you take add silver
q0o4C0y20Io-00661-00238319-00238726 nitrate at a certain pH and you have got
q0o4C0y20Io-00662-00238727-00239067 silver ions inside and outside you
q0o4C0y20Io-00663-00239069-00239271 remove the silver ions outside by
q0o4C0y20Io-00664-00239273-00239671 dialysis at a low pH and you are left
q0o4C0y20Io-00665-00239671-00240202 with a shell of this poly Perl kaitos on
q0o4C0y20Io-00666-00240203-00240603 with silver ions inside and if you now
q0o4C0y20Io-00667-00240604-00241080 bring a UV lamp near this particle the
q0o4C0y20Io-00668-00241081-00241434 silver ions will get reduced under UV
q0o4C0y20Io-00669-00241435-00241746 radiation and they will become silver
q0o4C0y20Io-00670-00241748-00242010 particles and so you will get this
q0o4C0y20Io-00671-00242011-00242467 silver particle inside the shell and
q0o4C0y20Io-00672-00242469-00242741 so this is a small particle so it can
q0o4C0y20Io-00673-00242742-00243071 move around inside the shell and this is
q0o4C0y20Io-00674-00243071-00243421 the TEM picture to show exactly how this
q0o4C0y20Io-00675-00243423-00243730 looks so you can see that dark spot here
q0o4C0y20Io-00676-00243731-00244059 that is the silver particle inside the
q0o4C0y20Io-00677-00244060-00244477 poly Perl kaito shion shell and this has
q0o4C0y20Io-00678-00244478-00244834 interesting applications of when the
q0o4C0y20Io-00679-00244835-00245069 silver particle can change positions
q0o4C0y20Io-00680-00245069-00245615 within the hollow shell this is another
q0o4C0y20Io-00681-00245616-00245884 example of how a hollow shell can be
q0o4C0y20Io-00682-00245885-00246271 used to make a core shell structure so
q0o4C0y20Io-00683-00246273-00246464 this is an application of making a core
q0o4C0y20Io-00684-00246465-00246719 shell structure starting from a hollow
q0o4C0y20Io-00685-00246719-00247060 shell so you start with a hollow shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00686-00247061-00247360 of silica there is nothing inside here
q0o4C0y20Io-00687-00247361-00247769 this is silica shell add Ora chloride
q0o4C0y20Io-00688-00247769-00248107 that is the source of gold ions and then
q0o4C0y20Io-00689-00248108-00248462 once you add Ora chloride then you add
q0o4C0y20Io-00690-00248463-00248773 sodium borohydride sodium borohydride is
q0o4C0y20Io-00691-00248775-00249073 a reducing agent and it will reduce the
q0o4C0y20Io-00692-00249075-00249373 gold ions which are here inside to firm
q0o4C0y20Io-00693-00249375-00249719 gold particle so you will get gold which
q0o4C0y20Io-00694-00249719-00250223 is encapsulated in silica so this is the
q0o4C0y20Io-00695-00250223-00250444 picture you can see the hollow silica
q0o4C0y20Io-00696-00250446-00250817 and this is gold inside silica so this
q0o4C0y20Io-00697-00250817-00251273 dark spots here is gold silica made from
q0o4C0y20Io-00698-00251273-00251603 hollow silica by reduction with sodium
q0o4C0y20Io-00699-00251604-00251915 borohydride so this is an example a good
q0o4C0y20Io-00700-00251916-00252575 example of gold silica core shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00701-00252576-00252957 structure being synthesized from hollow
q0o4C0y20Io-00702-00252958-00253288 shells of silica
q0o4C0y20Io-00703-00253289-00253803 now you can also make oilfield silica
q0o4C0y20Io-00704-00253804-00254375 nano capsules for taking drugs or
q0o4C0y20Io-00705-00254376-00254815 medicine which are lipophilic which
q0o4C0y20Io-00706-00254816-00255237 means they like oil phase lipophilic
q0o4C0y20Io-00707-00255238-00255642 means philic means something which likes
q0o4C0y20Io-00708-00255642-00256026 Lippo means oil so something which likes
q0o4C0y20Io-00709-00256027-00256476 oil which is soluble in oil so that kind
q0o4C0y20Io-00710-00256477-00256749 of drug if you want then the oil phase
q0o4C0y20Io-00711-00256750-00257140 should be inside so oil field silicon
q0o4C0y20Io-00712-00257141-00257427 nano capsule you have to make now how do
q0o4C0y20Io-00713-00257428-00257788 you make this oil field silica Nanoka
q0o4C0y20Io-00714-00257789-00258294 fuel is you start with the this is a
q0o4C0y20Io-00715-00258296-00258721 micro-emulsion process so in a
q0o4C0y20Io-00716-00258721-00258994 micro-emulsion you need a surfactant and
q0o4C0y20Io-00717-00258994-00259446 oil phase and an across medium so the
q0o4C0y20Io-00718-00259446-00259963 surfactant here is a neutral or non
q0o4C0y20Io-00719-00259964-00260244 ionic surfactant whose common name is
q0o4C0y20Io-00720-00260246-00260574 bridge 97 and this is the structure of
q0o4C0y20Io-00721-00260575-00260913 the surfactant so there are a lot of
q0o4C0y20Io-00722-00260914-00261402 ether linkages as you see in this bridge
q0o4C0y20Io-00723-00261403-00261794 97 surfactant and typically most of the
q0o4C0y20Io-00724-00261796-00262185 non ionic surfactants have this kind of
q0o4C0y20Io-00725-00262186-00262717 a poly ether linkages so if you take one
q0o4C0y20Io-00726-00262718-00263148 which is this surfactant plus you have
q0o4C0y20Io-00727-00263149-00263832 this molecule which is which is the non
q0o4C0y20Io-00728-00263833-00264129 aqueous medium or the oil which will be
q0o4C0y20Io-00729-00264130-00264742 inside that non aqueous hexa decane you
q0o4C0y20Io-00730-00264743-00265518 add along with this oil phase is the
q0o4C0y20Io-00731-00265519-00265843 hexa deccan phase and this number two is
q0o4C0y20Io-00732-00265844-00266422 actually octa decile methoxy silane so
q0o4C0y20Io-00733-00266423-00266626 this octa decile method
q0o4C0y20Io-00734-00266627-00267144 a silane with the hexa decane oil that
q0o4C0y20Io-00735-00267145-00267505 you will mix along with the surfactant
q0o4C0y20Io-00736-00267506-00267897 and water and when you mix all these for
q0o4C0y20Io-00737-00267898-00268453 the surfactant the oil and this octa
q0o4C0y20Io-00738-00268454-00268807 daesil try methoxy silane molecule and
q0o4C0y20Io-00739-00268808-00269206 heat it then you get this kind of a oil
q0o4C0y20Io-00740-00269207-00269698 in water micro-emulsion so here the oil
q0o4C0y20Io-00741-00269699-00270055 which is hexa decane oil which is will
q0o4C0y20Io-00742-00270056-00270532 be inside and these long chains these
q0o4C0y20Io-00743-00270533-00271030 long chains are the hydrophobic part of
q0o4C0y20Io-00744-00271031-00271264 this surfactant molecule which is bridge
q0o4C0y20Io-00745-00271265-00272086 97 and you have this on in this inside
q0o4C0y20Io-00746-00272087-00272370 you'll have the hexa decane oil
q0o4C0y20Io-00747-00272371-00272868 incorporated now then you add your this
q0o4C0y20Io-00748-00272869-00273421 tos material the silane and then you get
q0o4C0y20Io-00749-00273422-00273883 this course shell material with silica
q0o4C0y20Io-00750-00273884-00274258 on the surface so silica will bond like
q0o4C0y20Io-00751-00274259-00274750 this and you will have a shell of a poly
q0o4C0y20Io-00752-00274751-00275182 siloxane or poly silicon gate if you
q0o4C0y20Io-00753-00275183-00275563 want and this is filled with oil and the
q0o4C0y20Io-00754-00275564-00275869 hydrophobic chains are all pointing
q0o4C0y20Io-00755-00275870-00276088 inside towards the oil and the
q0o4C0y20Io-00756-00276089-00276430 hydrophilic part these circles show the
q0o4C0y20Io-00757-00276431-00276811 hydrophilic part that is the hydrophilic
q0o4C0y20Io-00758-00276812-00277174 part of the polar part of the surfactant
q0o4C0y20Io-00759-00277175-00277639 which are the ether part the oxygen part
q0o4C0y20Io-00760-00277640-00278062 they are on the surface of this micelle
q0o4C0y20Io-00761-00278063-00278653 as also you will have the oxidized I'll
q0o4C0y20Io-00762-00278654-00279097 try methoxy silane will be there and
q0o4C0y20Io-00763-00279098-00279496 tetra methoxy silane you add at step 3
q0o4C0y20Io-00764-00279497-00279778 to form the shell so the shell is
q0o4C0y20Io-00765-00279779-00279997 actually formed when you add the
q0o4C0y20Io-00766-00279998-00280558 is tetra methoxy silane and this has
q0o4C0y20Io-00767-00280559-00280798 formed you can know by doing a
q0o4C0y20Io-00768-00280799-00281098 transmission electron microscopy where
q0o4C0y20Io-00769-00281099-00281608 again you see the oil phase which is
q0o4C0y20Io-00770-00281609-00282064 here shown in dark can be seen only when
q0o4C0y20Io-00771-00282065-00282745 you use a stain a stain is added to
q0o4C0y20Io-00772-00282746-00282997 enhance the contrast in the electron
q0o4C0y20Io-00773-00282998-00283330 microscope so that stain is basically an
q0o4C0y20Io-00774-00283331-00283723 osmium complex is a molecule of with
q0o4C0y20Io-00775-00283724-00284050 containing osmium which is doped along
q0o4C0y20Io-00776-00284051-00284314 with the oil so wherever that oil goes
q0o4C0y20Io-00777-00284315-00284869 this osmium molecule will go and since
q0o4C0y20Io-00778-00284870-00285142 osmium is a heavy metal it has many
q0o4C0y20Io-00779-00285143-00285619 electrons so it deflects or scatters the
q0o4C0y20Io-00780-00285620-00285883 incoming electrons much more efficiently
q0o4C0y20Io-00781-00285884-00286171 and so you will see that portion to be
q0o4C0y20Io-00782-00286172-00286513 very dark because the contrast will be
q0o4C0y20Io-00783-00286514-00286918 high whenever you have more scattering
q0o4C0y20Io-00784-00286919-00287230 from that region so this portion as you
q0o4C0y20Io-00785-00287231-00287649 see is darker because of the osmium
q0o4C0y20Io-00786-00287650-00288124 stain that you have used and doped in
q0o4C0y20Io-00787-00288125-00288772 this oil so this is an example of an oil
q0o4C0y20Io-00788-00288773-00289279 filled silica nano capsule which you
q0o4C0y20Io-00789-00289280-00289776 have made now you can use this for
q0o4C0y20Io-00790-00289777-00290184 uptake of a drug which is soluble in oil
q0o4C0y20Io-00791-00290185-00290563 medium because you have an oil medium
q0o4C0y20Io-00792-00290564-00290830 inside if you take a drug which is
q0o4C0y20Io-00793-00290831-00291088 soluble in oil and you are able to
q0o4C0y20Io-00794-00291089-00291360 solubilize in this micro emulsion then
q0o4C0y20Io-00795-00291361-00291652 the drug will be stable only in the
q0o4C0y20Io-00796-00291653-00292010 inner part because that is the
q0o4C0y20Io-00797-00292011-00292276 hydrophobic or the lipophilic part and
q0o4C0y20Io-00798-00292277-00292549 the drug will not go to the shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00799-00292550-00292878 because the shell is hydrophilic and
q0o4C0y20Io-00800-00292879-00293314 this can be studied
q0o4C0y20Io-00801-00293315-00293713 by looking at say a drug like Queen
q0o4C0y20Io-00802-00293714-00293778 Aleen
q0o4C0y20Io-00803-00293779-00294145 so you add crinoline queen Oh lean is
q0o4C0y20Io-00804-00294146-00294606 organic in nature so it is kind of a non
q0o4C0y20Io-00805-00294607-00294879 aqueous so it is more like an oil and
q0o4C0y20Io-00806-00294880-00295303 this drug we like to go in a place where
q0o4C0y20Io-00807-00295304-00295659 it is more lipophilic or more
q0o4C0y20Io-00808-00295660-00296278 hydrophobic and if you look at the
q0o4C0y20Io-00809-00296279-00296716 change in Queen Oh lean in the solution
q0o4C0y20Io-00810-00296717-00297112 outside the micro-emulsion so when you
q0o4C0y20Io-00811-00297113-00297306 add Queen Oh lean some Queen Oh lean
q0o4C0y20Io-00812-00297307-00297565 will be outside and some queen Olien
q0o4C0y20Io-00813-00297566-00297879 will go inside which will go into the
q0o4C0y20Io-00814-00297880-00298335 lipophilic region and with time there
q0o4C0y20Io-00815-00298336-00298608 will be more Queen Oh lean inside than
q0o4C0y20Io-00816-00298609-00298883 outside because the drug is being taken
q0o4C0y20Io-00817-00298884-00299293 inside that portion which is of similar
q0o4C0y20Io-00818-00299294-00299599 type as the drug and since the drug
q0o4C0y20Io-00819-00299600-00300008 likes an oil type of environment a
q0o4C0y20Io-00820-00300009-00300301 hydrophobic type of environment hence
q0o4C0y20Io-00821-00300302-00300700 the oil will go the drug will go and sit
q0o4C0y20Io-00822-00300701-00300981 where the oil is present and the oil is
q0o4C0y20Io-00823-00300982-00301303 present in this dark part so if you give
q0o4C0y20Io-00824-00301304-00301648 sufficient time then the oil will slowly
q0o4C0y20Io-00825-00301649-00302119 move into the darker region which is the
q0o4C0y20Io-00826-00302120-00302569 core of this core shell structure and so
q0o4C0y20Io-00827-00302570-00303159 with time if you calculate the Queen o
q0o4C0y20Io-00828-00303160-00303480 lean which is outside so the drug which
q0o4C0y20Io-00829-00303481-00303814 is outside can be easily found out by
q0o4C0y20Io-00830-00303815-00304075 doing an experiment and that experiment
q0o4C0y20Io-00831-00304076-00304450 is basically looking at the new visible
q0o4C0y20Io-00832-00304451-00304744 spectroscopy of Queen olan so Queen o
q0o4C0y20Io-00833-00304745-00305109 lean has a particular absorption and if
q0o4C0y20Io-00834-00305110-00305497 you do the UV absorption of Queen o lean
q0o4C0y20Io-00835-00305498-00305899 at two 99.5 nanometers if you look at
q0o4C0y20Io-00836-00305900-00306459 that then with time as you see it will
q0o4C0y20Io-00837-00306460-00306575 drop
q0o4C0y20Io-00838-00306576-00307009 so the that says that the Queen Elaine
q0o4C0y20Io-00839-00307010-00307553 is less outside after some time and more
q0o4C0y20Io-00840-00307554-00307879 inside so uptick studies of Queen Olin
q0o4C0y20Io-00841-00307880-00308249 basically shows that initially there was
q0o4C0y20Io-00842-00308250-00308573 a lot of Queen o lean in the solution
q0o4C0y20Io-00843-00308574-00308927 because it was not inside the core but
q0o4C0y20Io-00844-00308928-00309233 after some time that concentration of
q0o4C0y20Io-00845-00309234-00309602 Queen Olien decreased with time because
q0o4C0y20Io-00846-00309603-00309905 the Queen Olin was going inside and it
q0o4C0y20Io-00847-00309906-00310175 cannot be found in the solution outside
q0o4C0y20Io-00848-00310176-00310504 so in the measurement you only measure
q0o4C0y20Io-00849-00310505-00310952 when the Queen Olin is outside the core
q0o4C0y20Io-00850-00310953-00311228 when it is inside the core then you
q0o4C0y20Io-00851-00311229-00311597 don't get this absorption peak and hence
q0o4C0y20Io-00852-00311598-00311906 with time you can study the fall of the
q0o4C0y20Io-00853-00311907-00312296 Queen Olli naps absorption and with Nana
q0o4C0y20Io-00854-00312297-00312632 this this now we can call at as a nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00855-00312633-00312884 capsule because all of you know what is
q0o4C0y20Io-00856-00312885-00313060 the capsule there is a medicine inside
q0o4C0y20Io-00857-00313061-00313208 and there is a Crower
q0o4C0y20Io-00858-00313209-00313466 and inside the body the cover will
q0o4C0y20Io-00859-00313467-00313708 dissolve and the medicine will come out
q0o4C0y20Io-00860-00313709-00314048 similarly this is a nano capsule because
q0o4C0y20Io-00861-00314049-00314385 you have a cover and the drug is inside
q0o4C0y20Io-00862-00314386-00314759 but this is not a capsule which we can
q0o4C0y20Io-00863-00314760-00315002 hold with our hand because this is very
q0o4C0y20Io-00864-00315003-00315308 small and this is called a nano capsule
q0o4C0y20Io-00865-00315309-00315660 because now you have very very tiny
q0o4C0y20Io-00866-00315661-00316019 capsules of the diameter of hundred
q0o4C0y20Io-00867-00316020-00316391 nanometers where the core is probably
q0o4C0y20Io-00868-00316392-00316697 only 15 to 20 nanometers so the drug
q0o4C0y20Io-00869-00316698-00317084 gets encapsulated within that 50 to 20
q0o4C0y20Io-00870-00317085-00317359 nanometers you can study as a function
q0o4C0y20Io-00871-00317360-00317648 of time this uptake of we know lean
q0o4C0y20Io-00872-00317649-00317912 which is given by the decrease in the
q0o4C0y20Io-00873-00317913-00318224 intensity of the UV absorption at two
q0o4C0y20Io-00874-00318225-00318554 99.5 nanometers for queneau lean you can
q0o4C0y20Io-00875-00318555-00318962 also vary the concentration of the Nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00876-00318963-00319340 capsule solution and frequenly n-- if
q0o4C0y20Io-00877-00319341-00319613 you plot that you see the freak we know
q0o4C0y20Io-00878-00319614-00319913 lean is decreasing
q0o4C0y20Io-00879-00319914-00320288 as the you are increasing the nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00880-00320289-00320651 capsule solution oil content that means
q0o4C0y20Io-00881-00320652-00321260 if you this oil content is very large
q0o4C0y20Io-00882-00321261-00321617 then you can take more drug inside so
q0o4C0y20Io-00883-00321618-00321821 that is what you are doing if you
q0o4C0y20Io-00884-00321822-00322424 increase the amount of the oil which is
q0o4C0y20Io-00885-00322425-00322718 in the core of this core shell structure
q0o4C0y20Io-00886-00322719-00323147 then the Freak we know in is much less
q0o4C0y20Io-00887-00323148-00323459 in a capsule which has got more oil
q0o4C0y20Io-00888-00323460-00323837 because obviously more the oil more
q0o4C0y20Io-00889-00323838-00324062 quino lean can be trapped inside the
q0o4C0y20Io-00890-00324063-00324374 core shell structure so this is what you
q0o4C0y20Io-00891-00324375-00324707 can do with the study of course shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00892-00324708-00325064 structures of molecules which are
q0o4C0y20Io-00893-00325065-00325430 lipophilic in oilfield nano capsule and
q0o4C0y20Io-00894-00325431-00325754 is a very important application of drug
q0o4C0y20Io-00895-00325755-00326072 carrying capsules to targeted sites
q0o4C0y20Io-00896-00326073-00326417 within the body and if you can target
q0o4C0y20Io-00897-00326418-00326675 such capsules you will need less
q0o4C0y20Io-00898-00326676-00327035 quantity of drug to attack the same
q0o4C0y20Io-00899-00327036-00327404 amount of bacteria or other disease
q0o4C0y20Io-00900-00327405-00327997 cells so with that we come to the end of
q0o4C0y20Io-00901-00327998-00328790 this three lecture part of core shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00902-00328791-00329069 structures and this was the lecture
q0o4C0y20Io-00903-00329070-00329705 twelve of module three and we have two
q0o4C0y20Io-00904-00329706-00330065 more lectures in this module to complete
q0o4C0y20Io-00905-00330066-00330392 14 lectures of module 3 and those two
q0o4C0y20Io-00906-00330393-00330697 lectures will be given in the next two
q0o4C0y20Io-00907-00330698-00331151 lectures classes which will be on nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00908-00331152-00331681 composites and basically we finish our
q0o4C0y20Io-00909-00331682-00332030 study on core shell nano structures
q0o4C0y20Io-00910-00332031-00332284 which has tremendous applications
q0o4C0y20Io-00911-00332285-00332660 especially in drug delivery in nano
q0o4C0y20Io-00912-00332661-00333091 medicine in protection of particles with
q0o4C0y20Io-00913-00333092-00333290 mechanically stable shell
q0o4C0y20Io-00914-00333291-00333757 and now we will move on to the subject
q0o4C0y20Io-00915-00333758-00334142 of nanocomposites in our next two
q0o4C0y20Io-00916-00334143-00335698 lectures thank you very much
q0o4C0y20Io-00917-00335699-00335905 you