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zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00046-00076605-00078712 America's poor access to access zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00047-00078713-00079540 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00048-00079541-00079731 Oh zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00050-00084899-00086244 Oh zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00051-00086245-00088076 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00052-00088077-00088816 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00053-00088817-00090372 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00054-00090373-00092098 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00055-00092099-00093000 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00057-00097348-00098569 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00058-00098570-00100649 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00059-00100650-00101363 who rocks at the physical Thermage a zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00060-00101364-00101831 poor at Strayer to ask matter pass where zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00061-00101832-00102458 production or at Merrigan per turn I am zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00062-00102459-00103645 - for Alana - me zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00063-00103646-00104268 oh yeah horoscope zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00064-00104269-00104564 think about your area zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00065-00104565-00105588 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00066-00105589-00107275 yeah guard et al bukhari Bernie 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Bluebell zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00103-00150915-00151909 yeah when I'd walk the hospital zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00104-00151910-00154312 yeah thank you zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00105-00154313-00154616 well Sondergaard only had one date got zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00108-00163905-00166672 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00109-00166673-00168954 number two yes zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00110-00168955-00169524 man they think our ocean is not gonna zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00111-00169525-00171378 enjoy yoga zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00112-00171379-00173036 we should bomb penguin zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00113-00173037-00174438 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00114-00174439-00175840 [Music] zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00116-00180984-00183955 will paddle got in give me get your egg zQ7Mbpy5SR8-00119-00193988-00194321 [Music] zRugfWSOPUk-00000-00000568-00000759 do zRugfWSOPUk-00001-00000760-00002527 [Music] zRugfWSOPUk-00002-00002528-00003335 [Music] zRugfWSOPUk-00003-00003336-00003626 do zRugfWSOPUk-00004-00003627-00004396 [Music] zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00000-00000383-00001268 yeah all right I've been drinking take zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00001-00001269-00001550 my car keys think about money like arbys zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00002-00001551-00001772 I could take your [__] in the heartbeat zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00003-00001773-00001886 you gosh it's trapped like a zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00004-00001887-00002135 [__] car seat I'll get no damn zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00005-00002136-00002363 wish your mom say I want to let you look zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00006-00002364-00002564 like Beyonce and my homies got me zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00007-00002565-00002792 sipping on bombay you easy easy got me zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00008-00002793-00003062 feeling like Kanye all day [__] yeah zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00009-00003063-00003286 all day they don't drop mix taste your zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00010-00003287-00003502 sauce tapes [__] going ape [__] like zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00011-00003503-00003730 Harambee [__] will need no help will be zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00012-00003731-00004000 okay [__] you asked where i visited the zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00013-00004001-00004171 infinite i'm considered the illest cuz zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00014-00004172-00004304 I'll be ripping it flipping it all my zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00015-00004305-00004445 [__] think about is how to get to the zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00016-00004446-00004657 Benjamins in a fellow [__] we don't sit zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00017-00004658-00004879 on the internet you a joke little [__] zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00018-00004880-00005023 where the ritalin she saw me in the zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00019-00005024-00005195 magazine and try to get intimate don't zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00020-00005196-00005353 be asking how did it be aware that i'm zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00021-00005354-00005464 getting that [__] claiming they zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00022-00005465-00005578 support you but they actions its zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00023-00005579-00005977 different [__] i see through maza oh zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00024-00005978-00006592 [__] i got all the juice my mic you [__] zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00025-00006593-00007038 exit stage left that's my cute [__] i zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00026-00007039-00007342 make yarn cause like new phone who is zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00027-00007343-00007534 this i remember when i used to get zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00028-00007536-00007763 detention my teachers used to recommend zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00029-00007764-00007999 suspension now my videos get a hundred zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00030-00008000-00008164 thousand views and when I walk up in the zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00031-00008165-00008417 room I feel the tension savage yet her zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00032-00008418-00008614 if I wonder like Alice take her to the zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00033-00008615-00008728 palace have her drink in front of zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00034-00008729-00008884 childish when your [__] see me they'd zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00035-00008885-00009052 be up for the challenge but the immature zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00036-00009053-00009278 and I don't really give a [__] about him zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00037-00009279-00009518 it's my Kanye flow i'm a genius somebody zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00038-00009519-00009737 like Kanye no got your girl in the zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00039-00009738-00009923 kitchen teller sought a whole rules made zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00040-00009924-00010091 to be broken and we gonna break those zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00041-00010092-00010391 home miss my Kanye slow one machine you zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00042-00010392-00010619 somebody like Kanye no got your girl in zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00043-00010620-00010793 the kitchen tell her socks a whole rules zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00044-00010794-00010955 made to be broken then we're going break zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00045-00010956-00011216 though doesn't 11-3 angel sent to heaven zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00046-00011217-00011393 back then I didn't know why I had to let zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00047-00011394-00011596 you go [__] I'm not to press the city zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00048-00011597-00011792 of stress got a lot on my mind on my zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00049-00011793-00012056 flock full of dog team Loki me myself zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00050-00012057-00012251 and I y'all be thinking I'm sure but I'm zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00051-00012252-00012434 always on my grind no taking the vintage zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00052-00012435-00012626 I know I'm too kind only thing that zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00053-00012627-00012830 matters the Michelle peace of mind york zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00054-00012831-00013007 city nights he's like to inspire your zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00055-00013008-00013205 dream big baby girl these Souls admire zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00056-00013206-00013415 you batch of school moves all week on zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00057-00013416-00013586 Twitter I know I make the gay guys zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00058-00013587-00013838 reconsider not a pest with athletes or zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00059-00013838-00014030 the fair give you a dirty dick away keep zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00060-00014031-00014231 my name at the game after hella rich zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00061-00014232-00014422 with your sugar daddy st. Jude is real zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00062-00014423-00014621 talk you broke a hella fake you're a zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00063-00014622-00014869 cuddy let the memory stick then I'll I zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00064-00014870-00015097 Paulo am I don't you mix it slip baby zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00065-00015098-00015296 boy is an ultra lite beer no my name's zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00066-00015297-00015496 see my face on my mother [__] Queen zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00067-00015497-00015785 it's my Kanye flow I'm a genius somebody zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00068-00015786-00016058 like Kanye no coming to America and zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00069-00016059-00016280 savage mo told y'all I was famous to my zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00070-00016281-00016610 users broke this one Kanye flow I'm a zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00071-00016611-00016763 genius somebody let can zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00072-00016764-00016991 I know coming to America and savage zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00073-00016992-00017194 model told ya I was famous in my easy zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00074-00017195-00017265 bro zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00075-00017266-00019305 [Music] zRJ3bPG9Sjc-00076-00019306-00019512 you zSnwrUcHkac-00000-00001119-00001895 [Music] zSnwrUcHkac-00001-00001896-00002103 you zUkrRrh84zA-00000-00000006-00000218 well thank you very much on this Good zUkrRrh84zA-00001-00000219-00000451 Friday Christians from all around the zUkrRrh84zA-00002-00000452-00000632 world remember the suffering and death zUkrRrh84zA-00003-00000633-00000836 upon the cross of our Lord and Savior zUkrRrh84zA-00004-00000836-00001145 Jesus Christ and Easter Sunday we will zUkrRrh84zA-00005-00001146-00001514 celebrate his glorious resurrection at zUkrRrh84zA-00006-00001515-00001826 this holy time our nation is engaged in zUkrRrh84zA-00007-00001827-00002051 a battle like never before the invisible zUkrRrh84zA-00008-00002052-00002317 enemy brave doctors nurses and zUkrRrh84zA-00009-00002318-00002683 responders first responders responders zUkrRrh84zA-00010-00002684-00003025 of all are fighting to save lives our zUkrRrh84zA-00011-00003026-00003245 workers are racing to deliver critical zUkrRrh84zA-00012-00003246-00003470 medical supplies our best scientists are zUkrRrh84zA-00013-00003471-00003715 working around the clock to develop zUkrRrh84zA-00014-00003715-00003947 life-saving therapeutics and I think zUkrRrh84zA-00015-00003947-00004127 they're doing really well in doing so zUkrRrh84zA-00016-00004128-00004345 our people are making tremendous zUkrRrh84zA-00017-00004346-00004904 sacrifices to end this pandemic though zUkrRrh84zA-00018-00004905-00005102 we will not be able to gather together zUkrRrh84zA-00019-00005103-00005356 with one another as we normally would on zUkrRrh84zA-00020-00005357-00005654 Easter we can use the sacred time to zUkrRrh84zA-00021-00005655-00005938 focus on prayer reflection and growing zUkrRrh84zA-00022-00005939-00006143 in our personal relationship with God so zUkrRrh84zA-00023-00006144-00006569 important I ask all Americans to pray zUkrRrh84zA-00024-00006570-00006823 that God will heal our nation to bring zUkrRrh84zA-00025-00006825-00007060 comfort to those who are grieving to zUkrRrh84zA-00026-00007061-00007345 give strength to the doctors nurses and zUkrRrh84zA-00027-00007347-00007621 health care workers to restore health to zUkrRrh84zA-00028-00007622-00007906 the sick and to renew the hope and every zUkrRrh84zA-00029-00007908-00008224 person who is suffering our nation will zUkrRrh84zA-00030-00008225-00008570 come through like never before I thank zUkrRrh84zA-00031-00008571-00008852 the many families who have prayed for me zUkrRrh84zA-00032-00008853-00009188 and for my family and your prayers are zUkrRrh84zA-00033-00009189-00009584 felt and I am forever grateful I'd like zUkrRrh84zA-00034-00009585-00009939 to thank our great vice president and zUkrRrh84zA-00035-00009940-00010339 his wonderful wife we all know very well zUkrRrh84zA-00036-00010340-00010667 Karen for the incredible job they do and zUkrRrh84zA-00037-00010668-00010871 for their service not only to the zUkrRrh84zA-00038-00010872-00011224 country but for their service to God zUkrRrh84zA-00039-00011225-00011524 almost 3,000 years ago the prophet zUkrRrh84zA-00040-00011525-00011780 Isaiah wrote these words darkness covers zUkrRrh84zA-00041-00011781-00012056 the earth but the Lord rises upon you zUkrRrh84zA-00042-00012057-00012367 and his lorry appears over you for the zUkrRrh84zA-00043-00012368-00012718 Lord will be your everlasting light as zUkrRrh84zA-00044-00012719-00013016 our nation battles the invisible enemy zUkrRrh84zA-00045-00013016-00013235 we reaffirm that zUkrRrh84zA-00046-00013236-00013516 kids believe in the power of prayer we zUkrRrh84zA-00047-00013518-00013816 give thanks for the majesty of creation zUkrRrh84zA-00048-00013818-00014258 and for the gift of eternal life and we zUkrRrh84zA-00049-00014259-00014501 place our trust in the hands of Almighty zUkrRrh84zA-00050-00014502-00014563 God zUkrRrh84zA-00051-00014565-00014876 I'd like to just wish everybody a very zUkrRrh84zA-00052-00014877-00015310 happy Easter we're going to be zUkrRrh84zA-00053-00015311-00015604 celebrating that very very special day zUkrRrh84zA-00054-00015605-00015934 and it's going to be hopefully a very zUkrRrh84zA-00055-00015935-00016157 good weekend and a very productive zUkrRrh84zA-00056-00016158-00016403 weekend and I want to thank everybody in zUkrRrh84zA-00057-00016404-00016535 our country and beyond zUkrRrh84zA-00058-00016536-00016931 for all they've had to put up with 184 zUkrRrh84zA-00059-00016932-00017087 countries as of this morning they're zUkrRrh84zA-00060-00017088-00017444 fighting this enemy and we pray for them zUkrRrh84zA-00061-00017445-00017772 all with that I'd like to introduce zUkrRrh84zA-00062-00017773-00018059 Bishop Harry Jackson from Maryland zUkrRrh84zA-00063-00018060-00018499 highly respected gentleman who is a zUkrRrh84zA-00064-00018500-00018854 member of our faith and a person that we zUkrRrh84zA-00065-00018855-00019193 have tremendous respect for Bishop zUkrRrh84zA-00066-00019194-00019433 please Thank You mr. president zUkrRrh84zA-00067-00019434-00019640 first of all let me say thank you for zUkrRrh84zA-00068-00019641-00019799 the job you're doing here and the vice zUkrRrh84zA-00069-00019800-00020156 president to protect our nation and zUkrRrh84zA-00070-00020157-00020369 you've included the churches and the zUkrRrh84zA-00071-00020370-00020627 relief efforts many churches would have zUkrRrh84zA-00072-00020628-00020875 had to close down had it not been for zUkrRrh84zA-00073-00020876-00021239 your insightful leadership so thank you zUkrRrh84zA-00074-00021240-00021542 both very much thank you I good Friday zUkrRrh84zA-00075-00021543-00021842 as we prepare to prayer is one of the zUkrRrh84zA-00076-00021843-00022061 darkest days in the Christian faith in zUkrRrh84zA-00077-00022062-00022466 that Christ stood in substitution for zUkrRrh84zA-00078-00022467-00022822 our sin but the resurrection is our zUkrRrh84zA-00079-00022823-00023122 victory but it parallels with the zUkrRrh84zA-00080-00023123-00023312 Passover I'm going to read two verses zUkrRrh84zA-00081-00023313-00023728 and pray out of them about what we want zUkrRrh84zA-00082-00023729-00024019 to have happen we want this plane to zUkrRrh84zA-00083-00024020-00024302 pass over we want everyone in America to zUkrRrh84zA-00084-00024303-00024628 be safe Psalm 105 says he brought them zUkrRrh84zA-00085-00024629-00024968 out without with gold silver and gold zUkrRrh84zA-00086-00024969-00025306 and there was none feeble among his zUkrRrh84zA-00087-00025307-00025700 tribes verse 39 goes on to say he spread zUkrRrh84zA-00088-00025701-00026059 a cloud for a covering and fire to get a zUkrRrh84zA-00089-00026060-00026474 light in the night that is pray Lord let zUkrRrh84zA-00090-00026475-00026587 the Death Angel zUkrRrh84zA-00091-00026588-00026923 Passover let there be a mitigation of zUkrRrh84zA-00092-00026924-00027289 this plague this disease that medical zUkrRrh84zA-00093-00027290-00027695 science come forth Lord let us come out zUkrRrh84zA-00094-00027695-00028024 with a thriving economy that silver and zUkrRrh84zA-00095-00028025-00028327 gold spoken of in that passage let it be zUkrRrh84zA-00096-00028328-00028661 our portion and then God as we face zUkrRrh84zA-00097-00028662-00028948 other challenges in the future zUkrRrh84zA-00098-00028949-00029261 Lord covers with a cloud by day and a zUkrRrh84zA-00099-00029262-00029668 fire by night but in this great land zUkrRrh84zA-00100-00029669-00030040 that was set up to glorify your name we zUkrRrh84zA-00101-00030041-00030355 want to break we come against the spirit zUkrRrh84zA-00102-00030356-00030683 of division Lord let eat the poor bus zUkrRrh84zA-00103-00030683-00031030 you know be a reality in us let there be zUkrRrh84zA-00104-00031031-00031382 a uniting of America heal the divide zUkrRrh84zA-00105-00031383-00031892 between race class and gender once again zUkrRrh84zA-00106-00031893-00032182 give this great man our president and zUkrRrh84zA-00107-00032183-00032587 give the vice president wisdom beyond zUkrRrh84zA-00108-00032588-00032879 their natural limitations give them zUkrRrh84zA-00109-00032880-00033214 insight so they can cover us lead us and zUkrRrh84zA-00110-00033215-00033599 bless us we bless them and America in zUkrRrh84zA-00111-00033600-00034010 Jesus name be encouraged hope is on the zUkrRrh84zA-00112-00034011-00034154 way amen zUkrRrh84zA-00113-00034155-00034336 Thank You Bishop that's beautiful they zUkrRrh84zA-00114-00034337-00034513 came too much that was a great honor zUkrRrh84zA-00115-00034514-00034888 thank you and thank you all and have a zUkrRrh84zA-00116-00034889-00035174 great good Friday and we're gonna see zUkrRrh84zA-00117-00035175-00035389 you in a little while and also if I zUkrRrh84zA-00118-00035390-00035551 don't see you have a great Easter thank zUkrRrh84zA-00119-00035552-00035866 you very much thank you zWkR9DKVMjc-00000-00000008-00000335 the level of this hole and that probably zWkR9DKVMjc-00001-00000336-00000519 don't rise to the level of this whole zWkR9DKVMjc-00002-00000520-00000615 group zWkR9DKVMjc-00003-00000616-00000782 so maybe there's somebody i should zWkR9DKVMjc-00004-00000783-00000950 connect with with those little zWkR9DKVMjc-00005-00000951-00001270 td issues i put a link to my test zWkR9DKVMjc-00006-00001271-00001343 document zWkR9DKVMjc-00007-00001344-00001647 in the agenda that's it thank you evan zWkR9DKVMjc-00008-00001648-00001814 would be the one to connect with zWkR9DKVMjc-00009-00001816-00002102 okay who's on he's on the call here cool zWkR9DKVMjc-00010-00002103-00002159 you could zWkR9DKVMjc-00011-00002160-00002439 chat direct chatham yeah thank you thank zWkR9DKVMjc-00012-00002440-00002639 you lucas uh i saw that you had opened a zWkR9DKVMjc-00013-00002640-00002750 few issues zWkR9DKVMjc-00014-00002751-00003158 uh in github uh we appreciate that zWkR9DKVMjc-00015-00003159-00003551 so uh the did you link the the test zWkR9DKVMjc-00016-00003552-00003759 document into any of those issues zWkR9DKVMjc-00017-00003760-00003967 i didn't because most of the stuff in zWkR9DKVMjc-00018-00003968-00004063 the test document zWkR9DKVMjc-00019-00004064-00004319 are pretty trivial items and i don't zWkR9DKVMjc-00020-00004320-00004470 really want to consume your time with zWkR9DKVMjc-00021-00004471-00004543 but zWkR9DKVMjc-00022-00004544-00004767 maybe a brief conversation to see what zWkR9DKVMjc-00023-00004768-00004999 is helpful to you zWkR9DKVMjc-00024-00005000-00005199 okay offline or something i'll send you zWkR9DKVMjc-00025-00005200-00005431 i'll i'll send you a message right now zWkR9DKVMjc-00026-00005432-00005847 thank you zWkR9DKVMjc-00027-00005848-00006143 okay we can get started um this is july zWkR9DKVMjc-00028-00006144-00006231 28th zWkR9DKVMjc-00029-00006232-00006567 already uh years almost zWkR9DKVMjc-00030-00006568-00006855 over it feels like um anyway uh welcome zWkR9DKVMjc-00031-00006856-00006910 to the zWkR9DKVMjc-00032-00006911-00007214 chaos community call our weekly sync zWkR9DKVMjc-00033-00007215-00007503 our weekly chat our weekly meeting we're zWkR9DKVMjc-00034-00007504-00007655 really happy to see everybody here zWkR9DKVMjc-00035-00007656-00007806 thank you for taking time out of your zWkR9DKVMjc-00036-00007808-00007959 busy days to um zWkR9DKVMjc-00037-00007959-00008151 hang out with us and to get caught up on zWkR9DKVMjc-00038-00008152-00008303 what's happening zWkR9DKVMjc-00039-00008304-00008446 in the chaos community so we're really zWkR9DKVMjc-00040-00008447-00008607 happy to see everyone zWkR9DKVMjc-00041-00008608-00008951 i will drop the link to our minutes here zWkR9DKVMjc-00042-00008952-00009310 in no way is that right zWkR9DKVMjc-00043-00009311-00009646 yes yeah that's the minutes sorry i was zWkR9DKVMjc-00044-00009647-00009742 looking at the other dock that we're zWkR9DKVMjc-00045-00009743-00009831 gonna be working on zWkR9DKVMjc-00046-00009832-00010071 um so please feel free to add your name zWkR9DKVMjc-00047-00010072-00010231 and if you would like to share something zWkR9DKVMjc-00048-00010232-00010414 good that's happening in your world that zWkR9DKVMjc-00049-00010415-00010503 would be great zWkR9DKVMjc-00050-00010504-00010806 um but you do not have to obviously uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00051-00010807-00010999 i'm elizabeth by the way for anyone who zWkR9DKVMjc-00052-00011000-00011206 is new i see a few new faces here zWkR9DKVMjc-00053-00011207-00011446 i'm the community manager so it's really zWkR9DKVMjc-00054-00011447-00011631 um we're really really happy to see you zWkR9DKVMjc-00055-00011632-00011959 here and welcome welcome uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00056-00011960-00012199 also just as a point of note we do not zWkR9DKVMjc-00057-00012200-00012367 care at all if you don't want to turn zWkR9DKVMjc-00058-00012368-00012478 your camera on zWkR9DKVMjc-00059-00012479-00012727 um more than happy to to have it um zWkR9DKVMjc-00060-00012728-00012951 turned off and if you don't want to chat zWkR9DKVMjc-00061-00012952-00013222 uh via audio you are more than welcome zWkR9DKVMjc-00062-00013223-00013399 to type something in the chat zWkR9DKVMjc-00063-00013400-00013679 to the side of the um of the interface zWkR9DKVMjc-00064-00013680-00013783 there and we will zWkR9DKVMjc-00065-00013784-00014007 try and integrate those uh messages into zWkR9DKVMjc-00066-00014008-00014183 the the flow of conversation so feel zWkR9DKVMjc-00067-00014184-00014422 free to do that as well zWkR9DKVMjc-00068-00014423-00014775 um let's get started on zWkR9DKVMjc-00069-00014776-00014991 the first item we have the first actual zWkR9DKVMjc-00070-00014991-00015094 couple items zWkR9DKVMjc-00071-00015095-00015494 where things that we had tabled um zWkR9DKVMjc-00072-00015495-00015775 meaning the u.s uh interpretation of the zWkR9DKVMjc-00073-00015776-00015911 word tabled zWkR9DKVMjc-00074-00015912-00016175 not the british version of that um zWkR9DKVMjc-00075-00016176-00016238 meaning we zWkR9DKVMjc-00076-00016240-00016455 we held them because we ran out of time zWkR9DKVMjc-00077-00016456-00016630 so these are kind of older topics that zWkR9DKVMjc-00078-00016631-00016679 we just zWkR9DKVMjc-00079-00016680-00017030 are resurfacing today uh so we might be zWkR9DKVMjc-00080-00017031-00017167 a little fuzzy on what they are zWkR9DKVMjc-00081-00017168-00017455 actually so if everybody can remember zWkR9DKVMjc-00082-00017456-00017543 together zWkR9DKVMjc-00083-00017544-00017711 we'll try to move forward so the first zWkR9DKVMjc-00084-00017712-00017871 one is the metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00085-00017872-00018127 across more than one focus area and it zWkR9DKVMjc-00086-00018128-00018247 says it was brought up zWkR9DKVMjc-00087-00018248-00018447 several times by several people in zWkR9DKVMjc-00088-00018448-00018630 several working groups zWkR9DKVMjc-00089-00018631-00018807 and i added this third bullet that says zWkR9DKVMjc-00090-00018808-00018975 does this tie into the metrics model zWkR9DKVMjc-00091-00018976-00019158 which our asia pacific community had zWkR9DKVMjc-00092-00019159-00019263 developed zWkR9DKVMjc-00093-00019264-00019591 um so if someone remembers who put this zWkR9DKVMjc-00094-00019592-00019863 on here or what that's about uh happy to zWkR9DKVMjc-00095-00019864-00019958 turn the zWkR9DKVMjc-00096-00019959-00020207 turn the mic over to you because i do zWkR9DKVMjc-00097-00020208-00020263 not zWkR9DKVMjc-00098-00020264-00020567 actually remember i don't necessarily zWkR9DKVMjc-00099-00020568-00020663 remember who zWkR9DKVMjc-00100-00020664-00020886 um put it in this meeting but i i think zWkR9DKVMjc-00101-00020887-00021103 i wrote some of this stuff in the dei zWkR9DKVMjc-00102-00021104-00021158 column zWkR9DKVMjc-00103-00021159-00021494 initially so uh i mean everybody had zWkR9DKVMjc-00104-00021495-00021591 been bringing it up zWkR9DKVMjc-00105-00021592-00021886 of course but it's basically that we zWkR9DKVMjc-00106-00021887-00022078 have some metrics that may be useful to zWkR9DKVMjc-00107-00022079-00022286 view in different lenses zWkR9DKVMjc-00108-00022287-00022511 so that we may have them in more than zWkR9DKVMjc-00109-00022512-00022703 one focus area so that zWkR9DKVMjc-00110-00022704-00022975 uh we would be able to look at it from zWkR9DKVMjc-00111-00022976-00023111 the angle of evolution zWkR9DKVMjc-00112-00023112-00023430 and common or more more likely evolution zWkR9DKVMjc-00113-00023431-00023686 and dei evolution and risk zWkR9DKVMjc-00114-00023687-00023927 risk and value kind of those zWkR9DKVMjc-00115-00023928-00024047 intersectional zWkR9DKVMjc-00116-00024048-00024239 metrics that can be looked at in more zWkR9DKVMjc-00117-00024240-00024391 than one way um zWkR9DKVMjc-00118-00024392-00024558 and and there are a lot of examples of zWkR9DKVMjc-00119-00024559-00024911 those i won't go on about that but um zWkR9DKVMjc-00120-00024912-00025078 yeah what what do you mean with the zWkR9DKVMjc-00121-00025079-00025247 metrics model elizabeth i'm zWkR9DKVMjc-00122-00025248-00025575 a little confused about that zWkR9DKVMjc-00123-00025576-00025790 oh go ahead sean in the asia-pacific zWkR9DKVMjc-00124-00025791-00025902 group they introduced zWkR9DKVMjc-00125-00025904-00026127 the concept of a metric model which they zWkR9DKVMjc-00126-00026127-00026390 define as taking a set of ks metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00127-00026391-00026599 that are commonly used together zWkR9DKVMjc-00128-00026600-00026855 and displaying them together the zWkR9DKVMjc-00129-00026856-00026967 metaphor that i zWkR9DKVMjc-00130-00026968-00027174 that makes it makes sense to me is you zWkR9DKVMjc-00131-00027175-00027358 bring in a plumber an electrician zWkR9DKVMjc-00132-00027360-00027535 a drywall person when you're building a zWkR9DKVMjc-00133-00027536-00027846 house but you go to your kitchen zWkR9DKVMjc-00134-00027847-00027990 and so there's certain things that you zWkR9DKVMjc-00135-00027991-00028111 use when you're in your kitchen and zWkR9DKVMjc-00136-00028112-00028231 there's other things you use when you're zWkR9DKVMjc-00137-00028232-00028390 in your living room zWkR9DKVMjc-00138-00028391-00028670 and those are metaphors for the kinds of zWkR9DKVMjc-00139-00028672-00028807 things that you're trying to understand zWkR9DKVMjc-00140-00028808-00029174 about an open source project zWkR9DKVMjc-00141-00029175-00029502 so in in answer to your question zWkR9DKVMjc-00142-00029504-00029727 yes the metrics model that the asia zWkR9DKVMjc-00143-00029727-00029814 pacific zWkR9DKVMjc-00144-00029816-00030158 group created is uh very zWkR9DKVMjc-00145-00030160-00030502 relevant to this conversation zWkR9DKVMjc-00146-00030503-00030743 i will say from a from a metrics release zWkR9DKVMjc-00147-00030744-00030943 standpoint this has been a concern for zWkR9DKVMjc-00148-00030944-00031031 us zWkR9DKVMjc-00149-00031032-00031351 uh almost from day one uh so the metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00150-00031352-00031487 the metrics themselves are zWkR9DKVMjc-00151-00031488-00031646 are kind of they're sorted by working zWkR9DKVMjc-00152-00031647-00031862 group which makes sense when you're zWkR9DKVMjc-00153-00031863-00032039 creating the working or when you're zWkR9DKVMjc-00154-00032039-00032190 creating the the metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00155-00032191-00032439 uh but when we're presenting the metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00156-00032439-00032502 it does zWkR9DKVMjc-00157-00032503-00032751 make more sense to present them in ways zWkR9DKVMjc-00158-00032752-00032927 that people may find zWkR9DKVMjc-00159-00032928-00033343 useful so we do have a couple zWkR9DKVMjc-00160-00033344-00033702 prototypes that we've created zWkR9DKVMjc-00161-00033703-00034087 to kind of sort and categorize metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00162-00034088-00034311 and some of that is based on some of the zWkR9DKVMjc-00163-00034312-00034511 initiatives that we've done for example zWkR9DKVMjc-00164-00034512-00034735 one way to categorize and present zWkR9DKVMjc-00165-00034736-00034911 metrics might be zWkR9DKVMjc-00166-00034912-00035279 metrics related to event badging zWkR9DKVMjc-00167-00035280-00035679 uh and so on so it's it's an ongoing zWkR9DKVMjc-00168-00035680-00035959 conversation and we're really not zWkR9DKVMjc-00169-00035960-00036143 uh i think we're open to having zWkR9DKVMjc-00170-00036144-00036383 discussions about the best ways to kind zWkR9DKVMjc-00171-00036384-00036446 of zWkR9DKVMjc-00172-00036447-00036735 categorize and put these metrics in zWkR9DKVMjc-00173-00036736-00037574 different buckets for presentation zWkR9DKVMjc-00174-00037575-00037799 and the asia pacific group did sort of zWkR9DKVMjc-00175-00037800-00037943 put together a zWkR9DKVMjc-00176-00037944-00038135 proposed set of metric what they call zWkR9DKVMjc-00177-00038136-00038311 metric models zWkR9DKVMjc-00178-00038312-00038502 but the way i think about it is i have zWkR9DKVMjc-00179-00038503-00038735 the electrician wire the whole house zWkR9DKVMjc-00180-00038736-00038902 and that might be a working group and zWkR9DKVMjc-00181-00038903-00039071 the plumber does all the plumbing and zWkR9DKVMjc-00182-00039072-00039223 that's a working group but zWkR9DKVMjc-00183-00039224-00039487 all of these facilities are used in zWkR9DKVMjc-00184-00039488-00040071 different rooms for different purposes zWkR9DKVMjc-00185-00040072-00040223 yeah that's something we struggle with a zWkR9DKVMjc-00186-00040224-00040415 lot within companies too right because zWkR9DKVMjc-00187-00040416-00040471 we zWkR9DKVMjc-00188-00040472-00040630 refer to this as like shipping your org zWkR9DKVMjc-00189-00040631-00040846 chart your your customer doesn't care zWkR9DKVMjc-00190-00040847-00041102 which organization within your company zWkR9DKVMjc-00191-00041103-00041279 does a specific thing zWkR9DKVMjc-00192-00041280-00041446 um but that is how companies are zWkR9DKVMjc-00193-00041447-00041599 organized so we're organized by working zWkR9DKVMjc-00194-00041600-00041751 groups that's where the work happens zWkR9DKVMjc-00195-00041752-00041983 but the people who consume it don't zWkR9DKVMjc-00196-00041984-00042127 don't really care how the sausage is zWkR9DKVMjc-00197-00042128-00042262 made they really just care that they've zWkR9DKVMjc-00198-00042263-00042358 got some zWkR9DKVMjc-00199-00042359-00043151 good metrics that they can use together zWkR9DKVMjc-00200-00043152-00043479 maybe this is a point like zWkR9DKVMjc-00201-00043480-00043774 contact or uh communicate with the zWkR9DKVMjc-00202-00043775-00043918 companies and zWkR9DKVMjc-00203-00043919-00044135 get a survey that how they are using to zWkR9DKVMjc-00204-00044136-00044327 get a better sense like zWkR9DKVMjc-00205-00044328-00044487 we are in our own silos we are zWkR9DKVMjc-00206-00044488-00044630 developing the uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00207-00044631-00044999 metrics in our working groups but zWkR9DKVMjc-00208-00045000-00045246 getting a feedback from the consumer who zWkR9DKVMjc-00209-00045247-00045502 are using them is more helpful like zWkR9DKVMjc-00210-00045503-00045871 how we can display them or zWkR9DKVMjc-00211-00045872-00046479 maybe in different things zWkR9DKVMjc-00212-00046480-00046679 so i guess i have a couple questions zWkR9DKVMjc-00213-00046680-00046879 it's just in terms of connecting things zWkR9DKVMjc-00214-00046880-00047207 so um zWkR9DKVMjc-00215-00047208-00047462 part of it seems like we're asking the zWkR9DKVMjc-00216-00047463-00047599 working groups zWkR9DKVMjc-00217-00047600-00047783 that create metrics to think about how zWkR9DKVMjc-00218-00047784-00047935 their metrics could be used in other zWkR9DKVMjc-00219-00047936-00048023 working groups zWkR9DKVMjc-00220-00048024-00048390 is that right uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00221-00048391-00048830 i'm i'm not uh i think the zWkR9DKVMjc-00222-00048831-00049039 the way the working groups work zWkR9DKVMjc-00223-00049040-00049223 currently is perfectly fine zWkR9DKVMjc-00224-00049224-00049462 and i think that it's perfectly zWkR9DKVMjc-00225-00049463-00049695 acceptable for a working group to take zWkR9DKVMjc-00226-00049696-00050030 ownership of a metric and uh work on zWkR9DKVMjc-00227-00050031-00050118 creating it zWkR9DKVMjc-00228-00050119-00050430 i think the the categorization and zWkR9DKVMjc-00229-00050431-00050639 presentation of of metrics across zWkR9DKVMjc-00230-00050640-00050839 working groups i don't think that's a zWkR9DKVMjc-00231-00050840-00050974 specific zWkR9DKVMjc-00232-00050975-00051254 working group uh question i think that's zWkR9DKVMjc-00233-00051255-00051430 more a zWkR9DKVMjc-00234-00051432-00051726 uh i think that's more related to our zWkR9DKVMjc-00235-00051727-00051894 initiatives zWkR9DKVMjc-00236-00051895-00052223 right so these uh metrics dashboards zWkR9DKVMjc-00237-00052224-00052463 and the badging and things of that zWkR9DKVMjc-00238-00052464-00052526 nature zWkR9DKVMjc-00239-00052527-00052766 uh and use cases right so where we where zWkR9DKVMjc-00240-00052767-00052935 we start to explore zWkR9DKVMjc-00241-00052936-00053175 uh use cases and collections of metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00242-00053176-00053471 that may zWkR9DKVMjc-00243-00053472-00053647 kind of fit together to tell us zWkR9DKVMjc-00244-00053648-00053775 something more interesting zWkR9DKVMjc-00245-00053776-00054103 so i would say this is outside of the zWkR9DKVMjc-00246-00054104-00054303 scope of individual working groups zWkR9DKVMjc-00247-00054304-00054591 and and more at the community level and zWkR9DKVMjc-00248-00054591-00054630 i don't zWkR9DKVMjc-00249-00054632-00054791 i don't know that we necessarily have to zWkR9DKVMjc-00250-00054791-00054935 have zWkR9DKVMjc-00251-00054936-00055111 a bunch of definitive ways of zWkR9DKVMjc-00252-00055112-00055375 categorizing and presenting them zWkR9DKVMjc-00253-00055376-00055630 uh i kind of envision a more more of a zWkR9DKVMjc-00254-00055632-00055887 flexible system where we can zWkR9DKVMjc-00255-00055888-00056199 uh kind of zWkR9DKVMjc-00256-00056200-00056430 create these categorizations and present zWkR9DKVMjc-00257-00056432-00056807 them and get feedback on them zWkR9DKVMjc-00258-00056808-00057207 could it be that the working groups have zWkR9DKVMjc-00259-00057208-00057447 they're kind of a model in a sense so zWkR9DKVMjc-00260-00057448-00057663 value is a set of questions that people zWkR9DKVMjc-00261-00057664-00057815 might be interested in zWkR9DKVMjc-00262-00057816-00058111 and we create things in working groups zWkR9DKVMjc-00263-00058112-00058182 and those zWkR9DKVMjc-00264-00058183-00058391 could represent models as well as the zWkR9DKVMjc-00265-00058391-00058519 way that they're constructed zWkR9DKVMjc-00266-00058520-00058903 and there could be other models or other zWkR9DKVMjc-00267-00058904-00059015 rooms zWkR9DKVMjc-00268-00059016-00059303 that we address that are either subsets zWkR9DKVMjc-00269-00059304-00059335 or zWkR9DKVMjc-00270-00059336-00059494 cross-sections of different working zWkR9DKVMjc-00271-00059495-00059679 groups so zWkR9DKVMjc-00272-00059679-00059887 is it not and could it possibly be not zWkR9DKVMjc-00273-00059888-00060007 either or zWkR9DKVMjc-00274-00060008-00060430 but some combination i wonder if what we zWkR9DKVMjc-00275-00060432-00060775 really need is not not to be a proponent zWkR9DKVMjc-00276-00060776-00060950 for an extra committee but i almost zWkR9DKVMjc-00277-00060951-00061150 think that we probably do need an extra zWkR9DKVMjc-00278-00061151-00061271 committee for this zWkR9DKVMjc-00279-00061272-00061526 so we have you know repres at least one zWkR9DKVMjc-00280-00061527-00061742 representative from each of the zWkR9DKVMjc-00281-00061744-00061942 major working groups maybe somebody like zWkR9DKVMjc-00282-00061944-00062063 kevin to represent the zWkR9DKVMjc-00283-00062064-00062230 the website maybe somebody else to zWkR9DKVMjc-00284-00062232-00062391 represent marketing because this does zWkR9DKVMjc-00285-00062391-00062423 have zWkR9DKVMjc-00286-00062424-00062694 kind of a tie to how people how people zWkR9DKVMjc-00287-00062695-00062911 consume the metrics but it seems zWkR9DKVMjc-00288-00062912-00063079 i mean i think what we need is just like zWkR9DKVMjc-00289-00063079-00063215 a committee of zWkR9DKVMjc-00290-00063216-00063511 you know um people who can look across zWkR9DKVMjc-00291-00063512-00063638 all of these zWkR9DKVMjc-00292-00063639-00063823 and make some decisions about what's the zWkR9DKVMjc-00293-00063824-00063966 best way to present this zWkR9DKVMjc-00294-00063967-00064319 to the people that consume them zWkR9DKVMjc-00295-00064320-00064638 so would that working group be like a zWkR9DKVMjc-00296-00064639-00064711 group zWkR9DKVMjc-00297-00064712-00065023 on the slides that that we have from the zWkR9DKVMjc-00298-00065024-00065166 asia pacific hall i don't know if you zWkR9DKVMjc-00299-00065167-00065575 see those the community metric model zWkR9DKVMjc-00300-00065576-00065750 that like brings together metrics like zWkR9DKVMjc-00301-00065751-00065991 that so we would say like here's one way zWkR9DKVMjc-00302-00065992-00066103 of looking at zWkR9DKVMjc-00303-00066104-00066382 bringing the metrics together and then zWkR9DKVMjc-00304-00066383-00066559 the badging program zWkR9DKVMjc-00305-00066560-00066735 is another way of bringing the metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00306-00066736-00066894 together is that what you're talking zWkR9DKVMjc-00307-00066895-00067215 about don zWkR9DKVMjc-00308-00067216-00067543 um i'm not i'm not sure i'm not sure how zWkR9DKVMjc-00309-00067544-00067647 these go together zWkR9DKVMjc-00310-00067648-00067799 i mean i've i've seen i've seen the zWkR9DKVMjc-00311-00067800-00067975 presentation and it does does have zWkR9DKVMjc-00312-00067976-00068063 things kind of in zWkR9DKVMjc-00313-00068064-00068399 in different in different ways um zWkR9DKVMjc-00314-00068400-00068582 my point is that we probably just need a zWkR9DKVMjc-00315-00068583-00068759 few people to sit down and figure out zWkR9DKVMjc-00316-00068760-00068975 which zWkR9DKVMjc-00317-00068976-00069159 how we want to organize this what's what zWkR9DKVMjc-00318-00069160-00069343 is the best way to organize it zWkR9DKVMjc-00319-00069344-00069511 and it might be something like this zWkR9DKVMjc-00320-00069512-00069671 metric metrics model zWkR9DKVMjc-00321-00069672-00070071 that the asia pacific team put together zWkR9DKVMjc-00322-00070072-00070375 i yeah i don't know zWkR9DKVMjc-00323-00070376-00070591 i think i think the asia pacific group zWkR9DKVMjc-00324-00070592-00070823 has sort of what they view as a set of zWkR9DKVMjc-00325-00070824-00071031 candidate metrics that go together zWkR9DKVMjc-00326-00071032-00071271 but they're probably not all-inclusive zWkR9DKVMjc-00327-00071272-00071447 and they may not apply across all zWkR9DKVMjc-00328-00071448-00071615 situations but zWkR9DKVMjc-00329-00071616-00071838 they may be maybe it's a place to start zWkR9DKVMjc-00330-00071839-00072047 like take one of those models collect zWkR9DKVMjc-00331-00072048-00072350 some metrics in that context and zWkR9DKVMjc-00332-00072351-00072719 see what utility that one has zWkR9DKVMjc-00333-00072720-00073031 and what's missing and what it applies zWkR9DKVMjc-00334-00073032-00073087 to zWkR9DKVMjc-00335-00073088-00073671 and just as sort of a pilot i suppose zWkR9DKVMjc-00336-00073672-00073975 i think matt g also you had zWkR9DKVMjc-00337-00073976-00074126 come up with the idea of kind of like zWkR9DKVMjc-00338-00074127-00074415 these personas or you know like a like zWkR9DKVMjc-00339-00074416-00074567 if you're this person these are the zWkR9DKVMjc-00340-00074568-00074655 metrics that zWkR9DKVMjc-00341-00074656-00074847 you might care about like a community zWkR9DKVMjc-00342-00074848-00075015 manager here's the things that you might zWkR9DKVMjc-00343-00075016-00075247 so i think that that is also a component zWkR9DKVMjc-00344-00075248-00075326 of this zWkR9DKVMjc-00345-00075327-00075591 um which i think is holds a lot of value zWkR9DKVMjc-00346-00075592-00075679 as well zWkR9DKVMjc-00347-00075680-00075847 um so i don't want that piece to get zWkR9DKVMjc-00348-00075848-00076071 lost in in the shuffle somewhere zWkR9DKVMjc-00349-00076072-00076271 because i i liked how you were thinking zWkR9DKVMjc-00350-00076272-00076511 of presenting them in more of like a zWkR9DKVMjc-00351-00076512-00076567 story zWkR9DKVMjc-00352-00076568-00076926 format um i thought that was great zWkR9DKVMjc-00353-00076927-00077238 so i uh i agree with that as well when i zWkR9DKVMjc-00354-00077239-00077431 think about these i i tend to think of zWkR9DKVMjc-00355-00077432-00077543 categorizing them zWkR9DKVMjc-00356-00077544-00078894 into use cases zWkR9DKVMjc-00357-00078895-00079231 all right so zWkR9DKVMjc-00358-00079232-00079591 a new committee i mean that's i think zWkR9DKVMjc-00359-00079592-00079759 it's a good idea because it doesn't seem zWkR9DKVMjc-00360-00079760-00079806 like zWkR9DKVMjc-00361-00079807-00079982 these are being like it doesn't seem zWkR9DKVMjc-00362-00079983-00080159 like this could happen zWkR9DKVMjc-00363-00080160-00080343 in common you know like common would zWkR9DKVMjc-00364-00080344-00080543 take time out of their day zWkR9DKVMjc-00365-00080544-00080815 to do this and likewise for evolution or zWkR9DKVMjc-00366-00080816-00080959 ddi zWkR9DKVMjc-00367-00080960-00081182 and so at some point we do need to draw zWkR9DKVMjc-00368-00081183-00081382 them zWkR9DKVMjc-00369-00081383-00081647 um like this call would be the only zWkR9DKVMjc-00370-00081648-00081735 place zWkR9DKVMjc-00371-00081736-00081911 that we actually have representation to zWkR9DKVMjc-00372-00081912-00082206 do that zWkR9DKVMjc-00373-00082207-00082487 or it's or its own call so i think it's zWkR9DKVMjc-00374-00082488-00083087 a good idea zWkR9DKVMjc-00375-00083088-00083438 okay so um we have a decision that we're zWkR9DKVMjc-00376-00083439-00083591 probably gonna make a committee zWkR9DKVMjc-00377-00083592-00083750 then that will focus on this in zWkR9DKVMjc-00378-00083751-00083950 particular uh do we have someone that zWkR9DKVMjc-00379-00083951-00084047 wants to zWkR9DKVMjc-00380-00084048-00084367 spearhead that committee zWkR9DKVMjc-00381-00084368-00084591 kind of own it for now and help get it zWkR9DKVMjc-00382-00084592-00084782 going zWkR9DKVMjc-00383-00084783-00084982 i mean i can do that just in terms of zWkR9DKVMjc-00384-00084983-00085135 organizing zWkR9DKVMjc-00385-00085136-00085438 time and stuff like that zWkR9DKVMjc-00386-00085439-00085599 that's perfect because i was gonna say i zWkR9DKVMjc-00387-00085600-00085782 can't spearhead it but i definitely glad zWkR9DKVMjc-00388-00085783-00085975 to help zWkR9DKVMjc-00389-00085976-00086167 and and i think i can help by just zWkR9DKVMjc-00390-00086168-00086350 putting taking some of those models zWkR9DKVMjc-00391-00086351-00086559 one or two of them from the asia-pacific zWkR9DKVMjc-00392-00086560-00086782 group and assembling metrics from auger zWkR9DKVMjc-00393-00086783-00086815 and zWkR9DKVMjc-00394-00086816-00087062 putting them in a page and seeing what zWkR9DKVMjc-00395-00087063-00087406 people see zWkR9DKVMjc-00396-00087407-00087703 i'd be interested in uh participating um zWkR9DKVMjc-00397-00087704-00087838 although i don't have the zWkR9DKVMjc-00398-00087839-00088182 breadth of knowledge to be a central zWkR9DKVMjc-00399-00088183-00088262 contributor zWkR9DKVMjc-00400-00088263-00088575 part of it part of it to me is like zWkR9DKVMjc-00401-00088576-00088750 we can worry about this when we talk in zWkR9DKVMjc-00402-00088751-00088926 the committee but like i don't have the zWkR9DKVMjc-00403-00088927-00089023 answers zWkR9DKVMjc-00404-00089024-00089271 and so it would be talking to people who zWkR9DKVMjc-00405-00089272-00089415 do bring these together zWkR9DKVMjc-00406-00089416-00089638 on a daily basis and just listening to zWkR9DKVMjc-00407-00089639-00089815 what they have to say zWkR9DKVMjc-00408-00089816-00090087 and trying to draw that out and present zWkR9DKVMjc-00409-00090088-00090326 it to others zWkR9DKVMjc-00410-00090327-00091082 so like you lucas i don't have the zWkR9DKVMjc-00411-00091083-00091247 answers so matt zWkR9DKVMjc-00412-00091248-00091415 if people are interested a few people zWkR9DKVMjc-00413-00091416-00091567 have expressed interest should they zWkR9DKVMjc-00414-00091568-00091975 um like jot their name down in this zWkR9DKVMjc-00415-00091976-00092175 okay so yeah add your name if you are zWkR9DKVMjc-00416-00092176-00092711 interested in participating with matt g zWkR9DKVMjc-00417-00092712-00093006 sorry i didn't mean to cut you off you zWkR9DKVMjc-00418-00093007-00093238 didn't cut me off zWkR9DKVMjc-00419-00093239-00093591 okay then i'm not sorry i rejected zWkR9DKVMjc-00420-00093592-00093935 apology zWkR9DKVMjc-00421-00093936-00094103 i'm sure i probably have cut you off in zWkR9DKVMjc-00422-00094104-00094279 the past so we'll just assign that zWkR9DKVMjc-00423-00094280-00094455 apology let's accept that one then zWkR9DKVMjc-00424-00094456-00094750 awesome thank you zWkR9DKVMjc-00425-00094751-00094959 all right um oh i feel really good about zWkR9DKVMjc-00426-00094960-00095111 that because it's been a topic zWkR9DKVMjc-00427-00095112-00095294 um you know that has come up and it zWkR9DKVMjc-00428-00095295-00095447 feels good to like make progress on that zWkR9DKVMjc-00429-00095448-00095487 so zWkR9DKVMjc-00430-00095488-00095750 thank you matt g for spearheading that zWkR9DKVMjc-00431-00095751-00095847 and for those who have zWkR9DKVMjc-00432-00095848-00095959 already expressed interest in zWkR9DKVMjc-00433-00095960-00096206 participating that's awesome zWkR9DKVMjc-00434-00096207-00096423 uh okay let's move on to the next item zWkR9DKVMjc-00435-00096424-00096518 on the list which zWkR9DKVMjc-00436-00096519-00096862 says chaos community main email question zWkR9DKVMjc-00437-00096863-00097087 and i have no idea who put this on here zWkR9DKVMjc-00438-00097088-00097199 a few weeks ago zWkR9DKVMjc-00439-00097200-00097391 so if you are here and you want to talk zWkR9DKVMjc-00440-00097392-00098087 about that let's talk about it zWkR9DKVMjc-00441-00098088-00098326 i didn't put it there but i'm guessing zWkR9DKVMjc-00442-00098327-00098447 it has something to do zWkR9DKVMjc-00443-00098448-00098743 with getting off the email we've talked zWkR9DKVMjc-00444-00098744-00098903 about this for like a thousand years zWkR9DKVMjc-00445-00098904-00099215 so that's all i can guess is like zWkR9DKVMjc-00446-00099216-00099455 dropping mailman and moving over to zWkR9DKVMjc-00447-00099456-00099750 whatever the other thing is zWkR9DKVMjc-00448-00099751-00100423 it doesn't like what this is zWkR9DKVMjc-00449-00100424-00100615 i thought maybe it was like um does zWkR9DKVMjc-00450-00100616-00100882 chaos have a like central zWkR9DKVMjc-00451-00100883-00101182 email which we do but we don't use it at zWkR9DKVMjc-00452-00101183-00101279 super time zWkR9DKVMjc-00453-00101280-00101591 that's a that's a much easier question zWkR9DKVMjc-00454-00101592-00101911 so yeah the answer is yes zWkR9DKVMjc-00455-00101912-00102199 and uh yeah if someone wants to email it zWkR9DKVMjc-00456-00102200-00102223 uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00457-00102224-00102551 some of us do check that occasionally zWkR9DKVMjc-00458-00102552-00102751 but we don't we mostly use it for gmail zWkR9DKVMjc-00459-00102752-00102894 and like our google drive and things zWkR9DKVMjc-00460-00102895-00103430 like that to have that essential point zWkR9DKVMjc-00461-00103431-00103682 does anybody have questions on that or zWkR9DKVMjc-00462-00103683-00103799 comments zWkR9DKVMjc-00463-00103800-00104086 this is this this is the mailing list or zWkR9DKVMjc-00464-00104088-00104166 the main zWkR9DKVMjc-00465-00104167-00104702 email i i'm not now i got confused zWkR9DKVMjc-00466-00104703-00105495 it sounds like speculation to me zWkR9DKVMjc-00467-00105496-00105686 none of us know so maybe we could move zWkR9DKVMjc-00468-00105688-00105799 on to the next zWkR9DKVMjc-00469-00105800-00106110 this isn't the line zWkR9DKVMjc-00470-00106111-00106527 all right sounds good okay so the next zWkR9DKVMjc-00471-00106528-00106878 thing is our um our data ethics zWkR9DKVMjc-00472-00106879-00106999 discussion zWkR9DKVMjc-00473-00107000-00107215 which um is super exciting because we've zWkR9DKVMjc-00474-00107216-00107399 never done this on this call before but zWkR9DKVMjc-00475-00107400-00107583 we're going to take 5-10 minutes zWkR9DKVMjc-00476-00107583-00107910 and do work in this doc that's linked in zWkR9DKVMjc-00477-00107911-00108119 the minutes and we can also zWkR9DKVMjc-00478-00108120-00108478 i will link it in a chat as well zWkR9DKVMjc-00479-00108479-00108751 um and if you've never participated in zWkR9DKVMjc-00480-00108752-00108902 something like this before zWkR9DKVMjc-00481-00108903-00109071 in one of the working groups um i'll zWkR9DKVMjc-00482-00109072-00109278 just give a quick rundown of how this zWkR9DKVMjc-00483-00109279-00109415 usually goes zWkR9DKVMjc-00484-00109416-00109686 so we usually do some collaboration real zWkR9DKVMjc-00485-00109688-00109743 time zWkR9DKVMjc-00486-00109744-00110039 in a google doc which i put in the chat zWkR9DKVMjc-00487-00110040-00110183 and it's also the minutes zWkR9DKVMjc-00488-00110183-00110495 and um we usually ask that people zWkR9DKVMjc-00489-00110496-00110863 put on the suggestion suggested edits zWkR9DKVMjc-00490-00110864-00111047 instead of just straight out editing and zWkR9DKVMjc-00491-00111048-00111199 that way we can kind of sort out the zWkR9DKVMjc-00492-00111200-00111375 things that we want to keep or not or zWkR9DKVMjc-00493-00111376-00111527 what how we want to go zWkR9DKVMjc-00494-00111528-00111799 um so we'll just take a few minutes and zWkR9DKVMjc-00495-00111800-00111999 actually go into the dock and work zWkR9DKVMjc-00496-00112000-00112239 and feel free to add whatever you want zWkR9DKVMjc-00497-00112240-00112343 any comments or zWkR9DKVMjc-00498-00112344-00112566 or suggested edits um it's a pretty zWkR9DKVMjc-00499-00112567-00112758 bare-bones stock right now zWkR9DKVMjc-00500-00112759-00112983 um and just as a background the reason zWkR9DKVMjc-00501-00112983-00113063 we're doing this zWkR9DKVMjc-00502-00113064-00113319 is because um it's come up a few times zWkR9DKVMjc-00503-00113320-00113375 about zWkR9DKVMjc-00504-00113376-00113607 using the data ethically the data that zWkR9DKVMjc-00505-00113608-00113686 we offer zWkR9DKVMjc-00506-00113688-00113902 to people um you know ways that they can zWkR9DKVMjc-00507-00113903-00113999 collect data zWkR9DKVMjc-00508-00114000-00114175 and the guidelines around that are a zWkR9DKVMjc-00509-00114176-00114390 little fuzzy in the industry as sophia zWkR9DKVMjc-00510-00114391-00114454 mentioned zWkR9DKVMjc-00511-00114455-00114727 um before there's a reference in the zWkR9DKVMjc-00512-00114728-00114831 data ethics zWkR9DKVMjc-00513-00114832-00114983 doc that kind of gives a little zWkR9DKVMjc-00514-00114983-00115175 background of you know zWkR9DKVMjc-00515-00115176-00115551 how how data is is suggested to be used zWkR9DKVMjc-00516-00115552-00115743 across the industry and it's it's not zWkR9DKVMjc-00517-00115744-00115958 clear um so we thought it would be a zWkR9DKVMjc-00518-00115959-00116127 good idea if we kind of like drew our zWkR9DKVMjc-00519-00116128-00116271 line in the sand and said this is what zWkR9DKVMjc-00520-00116272-00116351 we believe zWkR9DKVMjc-00521-00116352-00116566 and this is how we think our data could zWkR9DKVMjc-00522-00116567-00116719 be used ethically and should be used zWkR9DKVMjc-00523-00116720-00116790 ethically zWkR9DKVMjc-00524-00116791-00116927 i mean some of the stuff especially zWkR9DKVMjc-00525-00116928-00117119 around the dei metrics um zWkR9DKVMjc-00526-00117120-00117351 could can be sensitive and we want to zWkR9DKVMjc-00527-00117352-00117510 just make sure that we set those zWkR9DKVMjc-00528-00117511-00117815 expectations up somewhere clearly zWkR9DKVMjc-00529-00117816-00117958 we figured this was the best place to do zWkR9DKVMjc-00530-00117959-00118151 that uh since we have a group here zWkR9DKVMjc-00531-00118152-00118199 that's zWkR9DKVMjc-00532-00118200-00118366 kind of cross working group and other zWkR9DKVMjc-00533-00118367-00118502 community members that don't get a zWkR9DKVMjc-00534-00118503-00118590 chance to zWkR9DKVMjc-00535-00118591-00118847 join us any other way so um let's we're zWkR9DKVMjc-00536-00118848-00119031 gonna pause the recording for like 5-10 zWkR9DKVMjc-00537-00119032-00119086 minutes zWkR9DKVMjc-00538-00119088-00119334 and we'll just go in that dock and start zWkR9DKVMjc-00539-00119335-00119463 banging some stuff out zWkR9DKVMjc-00540-00119464-00119583 is that cool with everyone so they may zWkR9DKVMjc-00541-00119583-00119775 have questions about that if you've not zWkR9DKVMjc-00542-00119776-00119951 done this before totally fine to ask zWkR9DKVMjc-00543-00119952-00119999 questions zWkR9DKVMjc-00544-00120000-00120783 if you're not clear on how this goes zWkR9DKVMjc-00545-00120783-00121431 good i'll pause the recording okay zWkR9DKVMjc-00546-00121432-00121727 so we're back and just to sum up um the zWkR9DKVMjc-00547-00121728-00121886 few comments that we just made zWkR9DKVMjc-00548-00121888-00122119 this doc that we just worked on will be zWkR9DKVMjc-00549-00122120-00122190 used as zWkR9DKVMjc-00550-00122191-00122399 guidance because we do have a separate zWkR9DKVMjc-00551-00122400-00122599 doc that outlines zWkR9DKVMjc-00552-00122600-00122902 how chaos uh uses the data and maybe we zWkR9DKVMjc-00553-00122903-00122999 can reference that zWkR9DKVMjc-00554-00123000-00123271 as a as an example for someone who is zWkR9DKVMjc-00555-00123272-00123399 who is looking to zWkR9DKVMjc-00556-00123400-00123543 to put their own together or something zWkR9DKVMjc-00557-00123544-00123758 like that um any zWkR9DKVMjc-00558-00123759-00123895 i think we it looks like from the zWkR9DKVMjc-00559-00123896-00124110 comments in the chat that we would zWkR9DKVMjc-00560-00124111-00124390 maybe want to just let this sit as it is zWkR9DKVMjc-00561-00124391-00124486 for a week zWkR9DKVMjc-00562-00124488-00124678 and maybe next week we can come back to zWkR9DKVMjc-00563-00124679-00124943 it again and look at it with fresh eyes zWkR9DKVMjc-00564-00124944-00125134 good and then gives people yeah go ahead zWkR9DKVMjc-00565-00125135-00125247 matt zWkR9DKVMjc-00566-00125248-00125383 so one of the things that when i was zWkR9DKVMjc-00567-00125383-00125590 reading the document zWkR9DKVMjc-00568-00125591-00125895 that i was struggling with was like on zWkR9DKVMjc-00569-00125896-00126031 one end we could say zWkR9DKVMjc-00570-00126032-00126334 like the this statement could say that zWkR9DKVMjc-00571-00126335-00126543 it could be like a sentence like think zWkR9DKVMjc-00572-00126544-00126775 think ethically when you're using data zWkR9DKVMjc-00573-00126776-00127007 full stop like just in one end it's just zWkR9DKVMjc-00574-00127008-00127190 really really broad zWkR9DKVMjc-00575-00127191-00127502 and then guidance can go pretty far down zWkR9DKVMjc-00576-00127503-00127686 as to how you're supposed to use the zWkR9DKVMjc-00577-00127688-00127863 data and i zWkR9DKVMjc-00578-00127864-00128166 i was having trouble like balancing what zWkR9DKVMjc-00579-00128167-00128519 like be nice as a piece of guidance on zWkR9DKVMjc-00580-00128520-00128631 one hand zWkR9DKVMjc-00581-00128632-00128839 and very detailed things to do with the zWkR9DKVMjc-00582-00128840-00129007 data on the other hand i'm not sure what zWkR9DKVMjc-00583-00129008-00129310 the proper zWkR9DKVMjc-00584-00129311-00129623 where how far we should go that's all zWkR9DKVMjc-00585-00129624-00129990 i don't have an answer i zWkR9DKVMjc-00586-00129991-00130175 yeah i would think that we would want to zWkR9DKVMjc-00587-00130176-00130343 stay away from getting too zWkR9DKVMjc-00588-00130344-00130583 deep on anything because some of them do zWkR9DKVMjc-00589-00130583-00130663 have zWkR9DKVMjc-00590-00130664-00130902 legal implications and i'm i'm not a zWkR9DKVMjc-00591-00130903-00131007 lawyer zWkR9DKVMjc-00592-00131008-00131231 so i would want to to shy away from zWkR9DKVMjc-00593-00131232-00131495 anything that got too specific into zWkR9DKVMjc-00594-00131496-00131711 regulatory or technical implementation zWkR9DKVMjc-00595-00131712-00131911 guidance that could have some kind of zWkR9DKVMjc-00596-00131912-00132254 legal ramification but what i think we zWkR9DKVMjc-00597-00132255-00132407 could do is provide more zWkR9DKVMjc-00598-00132408-00132614 of a comprehensive view of things to zWkR9DKVMjc-00599-00132615-00132759 consider or things that zWkR9DKVMjc-00600-00132760-00133087 might have legal or compliance level zWkR9DKVMjc-00601-00133088-00133239 implications as well zWkR9DKVMjc-00602-00133240-00133527 um as well as things that are just more zWkR9DKVMjc-00603-00133528-00133654 on zWkR9DKVMjc-00604-00133655-00133983 the undefined and ethical consideration zWkR9DKVMjc-00605-00133984-00134278 side so it's more i don't know i think zWkR9DKVMjc-00606-00134279-00134487 enumerating it versus explicitly zWkR9DKVMjc-00607-00134488-00134687 providing guidance zWkR9DKVMjc-00608-00134688-00134966 will help us keep keep us out of hot zWkR9DKVMjc-00609-00134967-00135014 water zWkR9DKVMjc-00610-00135015-00135199 if there's ever sort of like okay i said zWkR9DKVMjc-00611-00135200-00135478 do so and so and now i'm getting sued so zWkR9DKVMjc-00612-00135479-00135687 um i just that's the one issue that i zWkR9DKVMjc-00613-00135688-00135799 want to raise and maybe zWkR9DKVMjc-00614-00135800-00135959 at some point we do involve a lawyer zWkR9DKVMjc-00615-00135960-00136151 just to have someone else review what we zWkR9DKVMjc-00616-00136152-00136295 have to make sure that we're not in a zWkR9DKVMjc-00617-00136296-00136375 place where zWkR9DKVMjc-00618-00136376-00136590 we're going to regret saying something i zWkR9DKVMjc-00619-00136591-00136775 i think i hear you saying we don't want zWkR9DKVMjc-00620-00136776-00136975 to be the legal shield for everyone that zWkR9DKVMjc-00621-00136976-00138111 uses ks metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00622-00138112-00138727 okay that's helpful thank you zWkR9DKVMjc-00623-00138728-00139047 okay fantastic um any other zWkR9DKVMjc-00624-00139048-00139543 comments before we move on zWkR9DKVMjc-00625-00139544-00139831 all right i guess not so action item to zWkR9DKVMjc-00626-00139832-00139927 everyone zWkR9DKVMjc-00627-00139928-00140102 take a look at that doc again over the zWkR9DKVMjc-00628-00140103-00140247 course of the week if you have time and zWkR9DKVMjc-00629-00140248-00140414 you feel like it is on your mind zWkR9DKVMjc-00630-00140415-00140551 you want to add something feel free to zWkR9DKVMjc-00631-00140552-00140727 do so and next week we'll come back to zWkR9DKVMjc-00632-00140728-00140831 it and look at it zWkR9DKVMjc-00633-00140832-00141214 one more time and thanks everyone for zWkR9DKVMjc-00634-00141215-00141302 participating zWkR9DKVMjc-00635-00141303-00141663 that was awesome we should do that again zWkR9DKVMjc-00636-00141664-00141943 in the future all right so the next item zWkR9DKVMjc-00637-00141944-00142039 on the list zWkR9DKVMjc-00638-00142040-00142390 is that mars is open for user testing zWkR9DKVMjc-00639-00142391-00142623 hooray and for those who don't know uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00640-00142624-00142719 mars is our zWkR9DKVMjc-00641-00142720-00142943 metrics automated release system which zWkR9DKVMjc-00642-00142944-00143183 our two google summer of code students zWkR9DKVMjc-00643-00143184-00143343 are working on zWkR9DKVMjc-00644-00143344-00143639 yash and ritik and josh was here but i zWkR9DKVMjc-00645-00143640-00143678 don't zWkR9DKVMjc-00646-00143679-00143935 oh there he is hi riash hello do you zWkR9DKVMjc-00647-00143936-00144111 want to talk about that a little zWkR9DKVMjc-00648-00144112-00144423 yeah sure so earlier the release of the zWkR9DKVMjc-00649-00144424-00144599 metrics was done manually zWkR9DKVMjc-00650-00144600-00145031 we used to download each metric by hand zWkR9DKVMjc-00651-00145032-00145407 you know then compile it and make a pdf zWkR9DKVMjc-00652-00145408-00145719 the project now automates this and we zWkR9DKVMjc-00653-00145720-00146063 automatically pull the metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00654-00146064-00146399 merge it into a pdf we add the front and zWkR9DKVMjc-00655-00146400-00146535 the end matter zWkR9DKVMjc-00656-00146536-00146814 so overall this saves a lot of manual zWkR9DKVMjc-00657-00146815-00146911 hardware zWkR9DKVMjc-00658-00146912-00147311 for the user and zWkR9DKVMjc-00659-00147312-00147511 it's almost complete we have finished zWkR9DKVMjc-00660-00147512-00147743 the documentation the coding is done zWkR9DKVMjc-00661-00147744-00147966 so we just want to send it out for some zWkR9DKVMjc-00662-00147967-00148102 user testing zWkR9DKVMjc-00663-00148103-00148295 so if you are interested in testing it zWkR9DKVMjc-00664-00148296-00148447 out if you notice some zWkR9DKVMjc-00665-00148448-00148702 issues if you have any suggestions feel zWkR9DKVMjc-00666-00148703-00148878 free to let us know zWkR9DKVMjc-00667-00148879-00149119 and it would be really great if you just zWkR9DKVMjc-00668-00149120-00149735 want to see how this week goes zWkR9DKVMjc-00669-00149736-00150159 thank you i'd just like to uh uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00670-00150160-00150319 as a as a mentor on this project i'd zWkR9DKVMjc-00671-00150320-00150495 like to say they're uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00672-00150496-00150702 the students are doing a really good job zWkR9DKVMjc-00673-00150703-00150814 uh and then as the zWkR9DKVMjc-00674-00150815-00150966 as the person that was doing the zWkR9DKVMjc-00675-00150967-00151283 releases prior i would like to say thank zWkR9DKVMjc-00676-00151284-00151623 you for creating the automated process zWkR9DKVMjc-00677-00151624-00151951 so this is gonna it'll uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00678-00151952-00152847 make future releases uh much easier zWkR9DKVMjc-00679-00152848-00152951 what are you going to do with all your zWkR9DKVMjc-00680-00152952-00153287 time kevin zWkR9DKVMjc-00681-00153288-00153543 well we'll uh we'll expand this process zWkR9DKVMjc-00682-00153544-00153623 to uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00683-00153624-00153887 create uh different uh use case zWkR9DKVMjc-00684-00153888-00154959 categorizations for metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00685-00154960-00155263 i would have said i would sleep more but zWkR9DKVMjc-00686-00155264-00155390 excellent that's the difference between zWkR9DKVMjc-00687-00155391-00155678 you and me kevin you're actually zWkR9DKVMjc-00688-00155679-00156014 productive so thank you yash zWkR9DKVMjc-00689-00156015-00156326 that is so amazing we are super super zWkR9DKVMjc-00690-00156327-00156414 excited zWkR9DKVMjc-00691-00156415-00156654 um just as a point of clarification so zWkR9DKVMjc-00692-00156655-00156775 like to use zWkR9DKVMjc-00693-00156776-00157151 to test it do like would we how do we zWkR9DKVMjc-00694-00157152-00157359 make a metric to test it i guess isn't zWkR9DKVMjc-00695-00157360-00157463 my question zWkR9DKVMjc-00696-00157464-00157783 or is that all documented in the so zWkR9DKVMjc-00697-00157784-00158047 it's basically a system to create the zWkR9DKVMjc-00698-00158048-00158183 release of metrics zWkR9DKVMjc-00699-00158184-00158487 like it generates it compiles the zWkR9DKVMjc-00700-00158488-00158575 markdowns zWkR9DKVMjc-00701-00158576-00158766 from the repositories of the working zWkR9DKVMjc-00702-00158767-00159087 groups and then it makes the release pdf zWkR9DKVMjc-00703-00159088-00159311 so it's all documented out we have two zWkR9DKVMjc-00704-00159312-00159447 approaches one is zWkR9DKVMjc-00705-00159448-00159726 about using the docker and the other is zWkR9DKVMjc-00706-00159727-00159959 using a python virtual environment zWkR9DKVMjc-00707-00159960-00160159 we recommend the docker approach because zWkR9DKVMjc-00708-00160160-00160278 it's much simpler zWkR9DKVMjc-00709-00160279-00160551 but feel free to use whichever case zWkR9DKVMjc-00710-00160552-00160926 suits you zWkR9DKVMjc-00711-00160927-00161207 awesome thank you again for for doing zWkR9DKVMjc-00712-00161208-00161302 all of that and zWkR9DKVMjc-00713-00161303-00161478 if anybody is interested in helping out zWkR9DKVMjc-00714-00161479-00161654 with user testing the links are zWkR9DKVMjc-00715-00161655-00162071 in the minutes so check that out zWkR9DKVMjc-00716-00162072-00162311 i'll give it a go yeah should i just zWkR9DKVMjc-00717-00162312-00162375 like to say zWkR9DKVMjc-00718-00162376-00162623 awesome job as well not only have yash zWkR9DKVMjc-00719-00162624-00162711 and ritek zWkR9DKVMjc-00720-00162712-00162926 done this technically but they've also zWkR9DKVMjc-00721-00162927-00163119 taken time to look across the entire zWkR9DKVMjc-00722-00163120-00163254 chaos project zWkR9DKVMjc-00723-00163255-00163414 and connect with the different working zWkR9DKVMjc-00724-00163415-00163559 groups and zWkR9DKVMjc-00725-00163560-00163735 issue the appropriate pull requests and zWkR9DKVMjc-00726-00163736-00163902 standardization across all working zWkR9DKVMjc-00727-00163903-00164038 groups that required zWkR9DKVMjc-00728-00164039-00164335 this technology to even work so it was a zWkR9DKVMjc-00729-00164336-00164519 kind of a very broad look at zWkR9DKVMjc-00730-00164520-00164926 the project so great job zWkR9DKVMjc-00731-00164927-00165159 and they also made a logo like how zWkR9DKVMjc-00732-00165160-00165375 awesome is that we have a mars logo zWkR9DKVMjc-00733-00165376-00165743 that's super cool the read me is also zWkR9DKVMjc-00734-00165744-00165807 kind of zWkR9DKVMjc-00735-00165808-00166087 themed around mars so like the main zWkR9DKVMjc-00736-00166088-00166354 heading of the read means portal to mars zWkR9DKVMjc-00737-00166355-00166607 [Music] zWkR9DKVMjc-00738-00166608-00166759 i'm gonna make i'm gonna make a pluto zWkR9DKVMjc-00739-00166760-00167487 project i'm gonna bring back pluto zWkR9DKVMjc-00740-00167488-00167623 now everyone's thinking of what that zWkR9DKVMjc-00741-00167624-00167871 could stand for i know zWkR9DKVMjc-00742-00167872-00168302 p-l yeah all right any final questions zWkR9DKVMjc-00743-00168303-00168438 or comments anything else zWkR9DKVMjc-00744-00168439-00169214 for josh zWkR9DKVMjc-00745-00169215-00169447 all right um so the last thing on here zWkR9DKVMjc-00746-00169448-00169647 uh was lucas's comments zWkR9DKVMjc-00747-00169648-00169983 on the qa pass for the news site in case zWkR9DKVMjc-00748-00169984-00170102 anyone did not zWkR9DKVMjc-00749-00170103-00170438 hear this news we are migrating to a new zWkR9DKVMjc-00750-00170439-00170559 wordpress instance zWkR9DKVMjc-00751-00170560-00170911 on wednesday is that right kevin zWkR9DKVMjc-00752-00170912-00171238 cross your fingers yeah okay yeah zWkR9DKVMjc-00753-00171239-00171471 yeah that's that's that's right i'm a zWkR9DKVMjc-00754-00171472-00171663 little behind on my part i i have been a zWkR9DKVMjc-00755-00171664-00171751 little bit ill but zWkR9DKVMjc-00756-00171752-00172119 uh i will uh i think we're ready i the zWkR9DKVMjc-00757-00172120-00172287 the testing will happen before noon zWkR9DKVMjc-00758-00172288-00172623 tomorrow zWkR9DKVMjc-00759-00172624-00172895 is there anything else um that the zWkR9DKVMjc-00760-00172896-00173031 community can do to support zWkR9DKVMjc-00761-00173032-00173351 you to kevin and sean in this do you zWkR9DKVMjc-00762-00173352-00173487 need more testing or what do you need zWkR9DKVMjc-00763-00173488-00173590 from us zWkR9DKVMjc-00764-00173591-00173871 i think the big the biggest thing will zWkR9DKVMjc-00765-00173872-00173951 be zWkR9DKVMjc-00766-00173952-00174135 you know these things can take a minute zWkR9DKVMjc-00767-00174136-00174335 and run into un zWkR9DKVMjc-00768-00174336-00174638 unplanned little issues so uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00769-00174639-00174783 if you need anything from the chaos zWkR9DKVMjc-00770-00174784-00175083 website uh getting it before 12 noon zWkR9DKVMjc-00771-00175084-00175399 tomorrow and giving us you know two or zWkR9DKVMjc-00772-00175400-00175535 three hours to get through the whole zWkR9DKVMjc-00773-00175536-00175647 process zWkR9DKVMjc-00774-00175648-00175926 it shouldn't take that long but we're zWkR9DKVMjc-00775-00175927-00176071 technical people we've zWkR9DKVMjc-00776-00176072-00176647 done this before it could zWkR9DKVMjc-00777-00176648-00176807 yep i i don't think we need anything zWkR9DKVMjc-00778-00176808-00176975 from the community currently uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00779-00176976-00177295 following the uh following the zWkR9DKVMjc-00780-00177296-00177519 the migration the actual switch i do zWkR9DKVMjc-00781-00177520-00177599 have a zWkR9DKVMjc-00782-00177600-00177751 i have a list of things that have kind zWkR9DKVMjc-00783-00177752-00177911 of been put on hold while we were zWkR9DKVMjc-00784-00177912-00178007 waiting for this process zWkR9DKVMjc-00785-00178008-00178175 to go through so for the next few days zWkR9DKVMjc-00786-00178176-00178575 you might see zWkR9DKVMjc-00787-00178576-00178788 some new pull requests coming in zWkR9DKVMjc-00788-00178789-00178999 [Music] zWkR9DKVMjc-00789-00179000-00179207 and i'll be accepting a few pull zWkR9DKVMjc-00790-00179208-00179343 requests that have been on hold zWkR9DKVMjc-00791-00179344-00179631 so i guess the be attentive to that i zWkR9DKVMjc-00792-00179632-00179919 suppose zWkR9DKVMjc-00793-00179920-00180126 kevin do you need anything from brian at zWkR9DKVMjc-00794-00180127-00180319 the linux foundation zWkR9DKVMjc-00795-00180320-00180654 for the domain i i don't think so zWkR9DKVMjc-00796-00180655-00181126 i mean we're uh uh i forget his name zWkR9DKVMjc-00797-00181127-00181463 or wednesday jason jason or josh maybe zWkR9DKVMjc-00798-00181464-00181790 yeah we have a ticket open to do the cut zWkR9DKVMjc-00799-00181791-00181863 over to our zWkR9DKVMjc-00800-00181864-00182135 new ip address at approximately noon zWkR9DKVMjc-00801-00182136-00182295 central daylight time zWkR9DKVMjc-00802-00182296-00182575 but i mean suddenly we give or take when zWkR9DKVMjc-00803-00182576-00182863 that actually happens zWkR9DKVMjc-00804-00182864-00183366 okay cool zWkR9DKVMjc-00805-00183367-00183526 would it be helpful if i put something zWkR9DKVMjc-00806-00183527-00183702 on twitter about it or zWkR9DKVMjc-00807-00183703-00184063 or not uh i don't zWkR9DKVMjc-00808-00184064-00184175 i don't think i mean we don't really zWkR9DKVMjc-00809-00184176-00184399 have a high traffic website so zWkR9DKVMjc-00810-00184400-00184678 uh if it if it goes down for a half an zWkR9DKVMjc-00811-00184679-00184847 hour i'm not sure zWkR9DKVMjc-00812-00184848-00185175 anybody will be uh too upset zWkR9DKVMjc-00813-00185176-00185423 uh but but maybe uh maybe a disclaimer zWkR9DKVMjc-00814-00185424-00185575 would be nice i suppose now that you zWkR9DKVMjc-00815-00185576-00185671 mention it zWkR9DKVMjc-00816-00185672-00185902 yeah i i think while we're doing it we zWkR9DKVMjc-00817-00185903-00186111 can also redirect the domain zWkR9DKVMjc-00818-00186112-00186302 once the ip is transferred to a page zWkR9DKVMjc-00819-00186303-00186463 that just says this site's currently zWkR9DKVMjc-00820-00186464-00186638 undergoing maintenance which zWkR9DKVMjc-00821-00186639-00187063 seems to be the custom zWkR9DKVMjc-00822-00187064-00187295 yeah and maybe just a a the website the zWkR9DKVMjc-00823-00187296-00187487 website might be down for zWkR9DKVMjc-00824-00187488-00187743 30 minutes to an hour on on wednesday zWkR9DKVMjc-00825-00187744-00187838 during the zWkR9DKVMjc-00826-00187839-00188078 during the migration i'll try to reverse zWkR9DKVMjc-00827-00188079-00188271 engineer an acronym for pluto zWkR9DKVMjc-00828-00188272-00189287 to put on that page zWkR9DKVMjc-00829-00189288-00189599 are we are we having a uh uh zWkR9DKVMjc-00830-00189600-00189814 chaos con meeting following this i know zWkR9DKVMjc-00831-00189815-00190007 we usually we usually zWkR9DKVMjc-00832-00190008-00190383 end a little early for that we have zWkR9DKVMjc-00833-00190384-00190614 um well we have three minutes i mean we zWkR9DKVMjc-00834-00190615-00190814 could go a little longer if we need to zWkR9DKVMjc-00835-00190815-00191054 um i don't know uh chaos con committee zWkR9DKVMjc-00836-00191055-00191199 what do you think do we need to meet do zWkR9DKVMjc-00837-00191200-00191247 we not zWkR9DKVMjc-00838-00191248-00191607 what do you want to do zWkR9DKVMjc-00839-00191608-00191838 when is the the deadlines in august for zWkR9DKVMjc-00840-00191839-00191943 the calls zWkR9DKVMjc-00841-00191944-00192302 for the rfp right what's the what's the zWkR9DKVMjc-00842-00192303-00192431 date zWkR9DKVMjc-00843-00192432-00192783 august 13th and what how are we doing on zWkR9DKVMjc-00844-00192784-00192919 submissions so far i know we have at zWkR9DKVMjc-00845-00192920-00193143 least one zWkR9DKVMjc-00846-00193144-00193302 oh did we we didn't have any as of last zWkR9DKVMjc-00847-00193303-00193487 week but i can check right now zWkR9DKVMjc-00848-00193488-00193631 i thought we i know there was one that zWkR9DKVMjc-00849-00193632-00193814 was intended and zWkR9DKVMjc-00850-00193815-00194063 maybe it didn't quite make it yet but i zWkR9DKVMjc-00851-00194064-00194143 think zWkR9DKVMjc-00852-00194144-00194319 maybe the one thing we would ask is if zWkR9DKVMjc-00853-00194320-00194438 you have something that you'd like to zWkR9DKVMjc-00854-00194439-00194559 present zWkR9DKVMjc-00855-00194560-00194959 please submit zWkR9DKVMjc-00856-00194960-00195071 but i don't know if there's anything we zWkR9DKVMjc-00857-00195072-00195223 need to talk about while we're waiting zWkR9DKVMjc-00858-00195224-00195278 for that zWkR9DKVMjc-00859-00195279-00195447 unless there's any news from the lf zWkR9DKVMjc-00860-00195448-00195990 about location or stuff zWkR9DKVMjc-00861-00195991-00196287 yeah i think don brought up a point i zWkR9DKVMjc-00862-00196288-00196463 think it was last week maybe it was on zWkR9DKVMjc-00863-00196464-00196526 slack zWkR9DKVMjc-00864-00196527-00196838 like i i think it will depend on when zWkR9DKVMjc-00865-00196839-00197087 open source summit cfp decisions are zWkR9DKVMjc-00866-00197088-00197159 made zWkR9DKVMjc-00867-00197160-00197423 uh but i guess there's a delay because zWkR9DKVMjc-00868-00197424-00197575 they were supposed to notify people by zWkR9DKVMjc-00869-00197576-00197678 yesterday but zWkR9DKVMjc-00870-00197679-00198014 i don't think the notifications gone out zWkR9DKVMjc-00871-00198015-00198287 i thought it was august 3rd they might zWkR9DKVMjc-00872-00198288-00198543 have pushed zWkR9DKVMjc-00873-00198544-00198871 okay yeah because i mean the date i zWkR9DKVMjc-00874-00198872-00199063 had in mind was like yesterday and the zWkR9DKVMjc-00875-00199064-00199287 19th but maybe that got pushed out zWkR9DKVMjc-00876-00199288-00199719 and i just wasn't aware but zWkR9DKVMjc-00877-00199720-00199926 i had that date in my mind too ray you zWkR9DKVMjc-00878-00199927-00200071 weren't the only one yeah zWkR9DKVMjc-00879-00200072-00200302 yeah i mean we might we might both be zWkR9DKVMjc-00880-00200303-00200447 wrong but zWkR9DKVMjc-00881-00200448-00200799 i i think depending on if your zWkR9DKVMjc-00882-00200800-00201014 talk gets accepted that might sway your zWkR9DKVMjc-00883-00201015-00201190 decision in terms of whether you submit zWkR9DKVMjc-00884-00201191-00201575 to your chaos counter or not so zWkR9DKVMjc-00885-00201576-00201735 most people will wait until the last zWkR9DKVMjc-00886-00201736-00201935 minute to submit yeah yeah i mean we'll zWkR9DKVMjc-00887-00201936-00202031 again we'll get zWkR9DKVMjc-00888-00202032-00202359 90 of our submissions in the three days zWkR9DKVMjc-00889-00202360-00202495 before the deadline zWkR9DKVMjc-00890-00202496-00202871 if anything like past years zWkR9DKVMjc-00891-00202872-00203207 i will mention that the proposal zWkR9DKVMjc-00892-00203208-00203454 system the the forum that we submit a zWkR9DKVMjc-00893-00203455-00203623 proposal with is not long zWkR9DKVMjc-00894-00203624-00203807 and it's um pretty pretty well zWkR9DKVMjc-00895-00203808-00203943 streamlined so zWkR9DKVMjc-00896-00203944-00204214 uh it's it's not um going to be zWkR9DKVMjc-00897-00204215-00204343 difficult to submit zWkR9DKVMjc-00898-00204344-00204487 and you don't have to write an essay for zWkR9DKVMjc-00899-00204488-00204663 it or anything maybe an abstract zWkR9DKVMjc-00900-00204664-00205414 that's about it zWkR9DKVMjc-00901-00205415-00205646 all right well i guess we're good then zWkR9DKVMjc-00902-00205648-00205758 we don't need to meet zWkR9DKVMjc-00903-00205759-00206127 chaos con peeps um we will go ahead and zWkR9DKVMjc-00904-00206128-00206246 close the meeting it is zWkR9DKVMjc-00905-00206248-00206423 ten till and i hope everyone has a zWkR9DKVMjc-00906-00206423-00206590 wonderful rest of your day zWkR9DKVMjc-00907-00206591-00206806 we will see you here next week this time zWkR9DKVMjc-00908-00206807-00206894 this place zWkR9DKVMjc-00909-00206896-00207103 and in the meantime hit us up on slack zWkR9DKVMjc-00910-00207104-00207198 or zWkR9DKVMjc-00911-00207200-00207375 mailing list however you would like to zWkR9DKVMjc-00912-00207376-00207542 do that so thanks for zWkR9DKVMjc-00913-00207544-00207710 everybody for coming and we will see you zWkR9DKVMjc-00914-00207711-00207862 next time zWkR9DKVMjc-00915-00207863-00208190 bye everybody um yeah can av zWkR9DKVMjc-00916-00208191-00208423 team for i can't remember who that was i zWkR9DKVMjc-00917-00208423-00208558 think it was kevin and someone else zWkR9DKVMjc-00918-00208559-00208790 for the chaos con i need to get in zWkR9DKVMjc-00919-00208791-00208975 contact with people zWkR9DKVMjc-00920-00208976-00209166 i think i'm just gonna gonna contact zWkR9DKVMjc-00921-00209167-00209414 with kevin myself zWkR9DKVMjc-00922-00209415-00209638 oh i thought you left already sorry yeah zWkR9DKVMjc-00923-00209639-00209831 i can hang i can hang out if there's any zWkR9DKVMjc-00924-00209832-00209871 av zWkR9DKVMjc-00925-00209871-00210103 club stuff that you want to chat about zWkR9DKVMjc-00926-00210104-00210358 av club is a great term for it yeah zWkR9DKVMjc-00927-00210359-00210591 i'll just email y'all uh and we'll zWkR9DKVMjc-00928-00210592-00210703 figure something out zWkR9DKVMjc-00929-00210704-00210823 we don't have to meet i don't think i zWkR9DKVMjc-00930-00210823-00211134 just have questions okay zWkR9DKVMjc-00931-00211135-00211767 see y'all see ya zYjGO37zsC0-00000-00000176-00000463 our story today is called hope is an zYjGO37zsC0-00001-00000463-00000975 open heart zYjGO37zsC0-00002-00000976-00001767 it's written by lauren thompson zYjGO37zsC0-00003-00001768-00001863 hope zYjGO37zsC0-00004-00001864-00002126 sometimes hope feels far away zYjGO37zsC0-00005-00002127-00002639 but hope is always there zYjGO37zsC0-00006-00002640-00002918 hope is the warmth of strong arms around zYjGO37zsC0-00007-00002919-00003319 you zYjGO37zsC0-00008-00003320-00003654 open sad tears flowing making room for zYjGO37zsC0-00009-00003655-00004022 joy zYjGO37zsC0-00010-00004023-00004295 hope is angry words bursting making room zYjGO37zsC0-00011-00004296-00004767 for understanding zYjGO37zsC0-00012-00004768-00005047 hope is sacred words asking for help and zYjGO37zsC0-00013-00005048-00005615 finding that help is fair zYjGO37zsC0-00014-00005616-00005806 hope is knowing that you are loved hope zYjGO37zsC0-00015-00005807-00006279 is knowing that you love others zYjGO37zsC0-00016-00006280-00006486 hope is holding tight to your mother's zYjGO37zsC0-00017-00006487-00006910 hand zYjGO37zsC0-00018-00006911-00007142 hope is your father's good night kiss zYjGO37zsC0-00019-00007143-00007334 hope is remembering his kisses when he zYjGO37zsC0-00020-00007336-00007870 can't be there with you zYjGO37zsC0-00021-00007872-00008078 hope is finding happiness and simple zYjGO37zsC0-00022-00008079-00008463 things zYjGO37zsC0-00023-00008464-00008639 hope is daring to do something you've zYjGO37zsC0-00024-00008640-00009023 never done before zYjGO37zsC0-00025-00009024-00009174 hope is remembering that you are not zYjGO37zsC0-00026-00009175-00009406 alone many others feel just the way you zYjGO37zsC0-00027-00009407-00009503 do zYjGO37zsC0-00028-00009504-00009895 many others care zYjGO37zsC0-00029-00009896-00010095 hope is a candle flame zYjGO37zsC0-00030-00010096-00010463 in the darkness zYjGO37zsC0-00031-00010464-00010655 hope is the clear sky above the gray zYjGO37zsC0-00032-00010656-00010759 clouds zYjGO37zsC0-00033-00010760-00010951 hope is the glistening of the snow when zYjGO37zsC0-00034-00010952-00011463 the storm has passed zYjGO37zsC0-00035-00011464-00011655 hope is a heart that is open to the zYjGO37zsC0-00036-00011656-00011791 world around you zYjGO37zsC0-00037-00011792-00011974 hope is knowing that things change and zYjGO37zsC0-00038-00011975-00012167 that we can help things to change for zYjGO37zsC0-00039-00012168-00012567 the better zYjGO37zsC0-00040-00012568-00012759 hope is always there inside you waiting zYjGO37zsC0-00041-00012760-00013303 to unfold zYjGO37zsC0-00042-00013304-00013630 that's the end of our story zYjGO37zsC0-00043-00013631-00014012 thank you for joining me zYtEoZ1BmJg-00000-00001139-00001717 [Music] zYtEoZ1BmJg-00001-00001718-00002964 right now zYtEoZ1BmJg-00002-00002965-00004798 [Music] zYtEoZ1BmJg-00003-00004799-00006295 [Music] zYtEoZ1BmJg-00004-00006296-00006670 thank you zYtEoZ1BmJg-00005-00006672-00007386 wow zYtEoZ1BmJg-00006-00007387-00008446 [Music] zYtEoZ1BmJg-00007-00008447-00009287 [Music] zYtEoZ1BmJg-00008-00009288-00009960 [Music] za_93zaAqdo-00000-00000000-00000150 laughs za_93zaAqdo-00001-00000151-00001010 [Music] za_93zaAqdo-00002-00001011-00001519 [Music] za_93zaAqdo-00003-00001520-00001594 [Music] za_93zaAqdo-00004-00001595-00002550 [Applause] za_93zaAqdo-00005-00002551-00003670 oh my God za_93zaAqdo-00006-00003671-00004831 wow za_93zaAqdo-00007-00004832-00004989 let's get it za_93zaAqdo-00008-00004990-00005613 [Music] za_93zaAqdo-00009-00005614-00005628 [Applause] za_93zaAqdo-00010-00005629-00006742 [Music] za_93zaAqdo-00011-00006743-00007431 hahaha za_93zaAqdo-00012-00007431-00007913 [Music] za_93zaAqdo-00013-00007914-00010210 hello za_93zaAqdo-00014-00010211-00012528 foreign za_93zaAqdo-00015-00012529-00013907 [Music] za_93zaAqdo-00017-00018126-00018329 okay za_93zaAqdo-00018-00018330-00020536 [Music] zbyI_tUuc1E-00000-00000524-00000966 [Music] zbyI_tUuc1E-00001-00000967-00001163 i don't give a zbyI_tUuc1E-00002-00001164-00001287 [Music] zbyI_tUuc1E-00003-00001288-00001491 listen zbyI_tUuc1E-00004-00001492-00001918 again zbyI_tUuc1E-00005-00002089-00002239 [Music] zbyI_tUuc1E-00006-00002240-00002588 dance zbyI_tUuc1E-00007-00002589-00004663 [Music] zbyI_tUuc1E-00008-00004664-00005264 so zbyI_tUuc1E-00009-00005265-00006719 [Music] zbyI_tUuc1E-00010-00006720-00007039 i don't give a zbyI_tUuc1E-00011-00007040-00007134 listen zbyI_tUuc1E-00012-00007136-00007359 you son of a zbyI_tUuc1E-00013-00007848-00007998 [Music] zbyI_tUuc1E-00014-00008000-00008348 man zbyI_tUuc1E-00016-00014104-00014312 you zbHpTHW-mRu-00000-00000065-00000632 in this video what you should avoid zbHpTHW-mRu-00001-00000633-00001066 during menstruation and why do we have zbHpTHW-mRu-00002-00001067-00001353 such rulings in Islam are these rulings zbHpTHW-mRu-00003-00001354-00001702 degrading to a woman a comparison zbHpTHW-mRu-00004-00001703-00001946 between Islamic rulings concerning zbHpTHW-mRu-00005-00001947-00002237 menstruation and the attitude of other zbHpTHW-mRu-00006-00002238-00002555 cultures religions and modern society zbHpTHW-mRu-00007-00002556-00002635 towards it zbHpTHW-mRu-00008-00002636-00002985 see how Islamic rulings are uplifting zbHpTHW-mRu-00009-00002986-00003284 beneficial and sensitive to women's zbHpTHW-mRu-00010-00003285-00004283 feelings I get asked about menstruation zbHpTHW-mRu-00011-00004284-00004502 and how it affects the rulings of prayer zbHpTHW-mRu-00012-00004503-00004831 and fasting quite a bit and most often zbHpTHW-mRu-00013-00004832-00005138 these are oft repeated questions because zbHpTHW-mRu-00014-00005139-00005366 sometime or the other every one of us zbHpTHW-mRu-00015-00005367-00005695 faces similar situations and this is why zbHpTHW-mRu-00016-00005696-00005947 we need to make ourselves aware of zbHpTHW-mRu-00017-00005948-00006322 important and relevant rulings so that zbHpTHW-mRu-00018-00006323-00006581 we make an informed decision when in zbHpTHW-mRu-00019-00006581-00006869 need since then there won't be enough zbHpTHW-mRu-00020-00006870-00007208 time to search an Inquirer but before we zbHpTHW-mRu-00021-00007209-00007414 indulge ourselves in specific rulings zbHpTHW-mRu-00022-00007415-00007684 let's take a step back and quickly brush zbHpTHW-mRu-00023-00007686-00007976 up on the basics this will ensure Allah zbHpTHW-mRu-00024-00007977-00008321 answer a whole lot of questions and then zbHpTHW-mRu-00025-00008322-00008552 we can tackle specific questions that zbHpTHW-mRu-00026-00008553-00008885 remain in later clips so let's get zbHpTHW-mRu-00027-00008886-00009248 started a normal monthly flow usually zbHpTHW-mRu-00028-00009249-00009641 lasts about 3 to 5 days and of course it zbHpTHW-mRu-00029-00009642-00009938 can vary from women to women and even zbHpTHW-mRu-00030-00009939-00010270 lasts up to 7 days 10 days or even more zbHpTHW-mRu-00031-00010271-00010676 depending on the age weight environment zbHpTHW-mRu-00032-00010677-00010981 and other factors and during these days zbHpTHW-mRu-00033-00010982-00011338 you are excused from fasting and prayers zbHpTHW-mRu-00034-00011339-00011630 Islam has prohibited the husband to join zbHpTHW-mRu-00035-00011631-00011839 with his menstruating wife during these zbHpTHW-mRu-00036-00011840-00012220 days apart from that touching fondling zbHpTHW-mRu-00037-00012221-00012584 embracing everything is possible what zbHpTHW-mRu-00038-00012585-00012794 you should also avoid is the off and zbHpTHW-mRu-00039-00012795-00013157 staying in the Masjid but you can sit in zbHpTHW-mRu-00040-00013158-00013352 a place that is attached to the zbHpTHW-mRu-00041-00013353-00013541 Masjid there's nothing wrong with that zbHpTHW-mRu-00042-00013541-00013850 if there is a need you may pass through zbHpTHW-mRu-00043-00013851-00014069 like going from door to door or zbHpTHW-mRu-00044-00014069-00014291 collecting something from the Masjid zbHpTHW-mRu-00045-00014291-00014651 once a las Messenger asked Aisha to zbHpTHW-mRu-00046-00014652-00014860 fetch him a prayer mat from the Masjid zbHpTHW-mRu-00047-00014861-00015179 she hesitated because of the monthly zbHpTHW-mRu-00048-00015180-00015437 cycle upon this and last messenger zbHpTHW-mRu-00049-00015438-00015728 remarked menstruation is not in your zbHpTHW-mRu-00050-00015729-00016091 hand personally this remark of Allah's zbHpTHW-mRu-00051-00016091-00016328 messenger gives me great peace of mind zbHpTHW-mRu-00052-00016329-00016675 and certainty to my heart because this zbHpTHW-mRu-00053-00016676-00016979 is a grand proof of the fact that Islam zbHpTHW-mRu-00054-00016980-00017368 does not consider us women as impure zbHpTHW-mRu-00055-00017369-00017675 such that if we were to step inside the zbHpTHW-mRu-00056-00017676-00017963 Masjid we will pollute it which in fact zbHpTHW-mRu-00057-00017964-00018244 is the main idea behind many strong zbHpTHW-mRu-00058-00018245-00018505 restrictions in various other religions zbHpTHW-mRu-00059-00018506-00018740 for the prohibition of menstruating zbHpTHW-mRu-00060-00018741-00019238 women entering sacred places sadly zbHpTHW-mRu-00061-00019239-00019444 enough there is a tendency amongst zbHpTHW-mRu-00062-00019445-00019727 secular awareness groups to Club Islamic zbHpTHW-mRu-00063-00019728-00019943 rulings along with those of other zbHpTHW-mRu-00064-00019944-00020246 cultures and religions rulings which are zbHpTHW-mRu-00065-00020247-00020543 indeed degrading to the women but if we zbHpTHW-mRu-00066-00020544-00020728 take a deeper look it will become zbHpTHW-mRu-00067-00020729-00020981 apparent that the Islamic rulings they zbHpTHW-mRu-00068-00020982-00021250 are a mercy from Allah where women are zbHpTHW-mRu-00069-00021251-00021581 excused from fasting and praying this is zbHpTHW-mRu-00070-00021582-00021809 lessening the burden of obligations zbHpTHW-mRu-00071-00021810-00022081 since menstruation itself brings enough zbHpTHW-mRu-00072-00022082-00022364 hardships for us to bear all these zbHpTHW-mRu-00073-00022365-00022597 rulings are for hygiene purposes and zbHpTHW-mRu-00074-00022598-00022931 health benefits as we now know with the zbHpTHW-mRu-00075-00022932-00023156 advancement of science that during these zbHpTHW-mRu-00076-00023157-00023381 days a woman is at a productive system zbHpTHW-mRu-00077-00023382-00023659 is quite sensitive and vulnerable and zbHpTHW-mRu-00078-00023660-00023989 hangs more susceptible to infections zbHpTHW-mRu-00079-00023990-00024281 Islam has thirst forbidden the husband zbHpTHW-mRu-00080-00024282-00024614 to join with her this is unlike what is zbHpTHW-mRu-00081-00024615-00024896 found in other cultures menstruation was zbHpTHW-mRu-00082-00024897-00025217 and still is a cause of discrimination zbHpTHW-mRu-00083-00025218-00025499 against women in some rural areas of zbHpTHW-mRu-00084-00025500-00025795 Nepal and also Kenya they have menstrual zbHpTHW-mRu-00085-00025797-00026099 huts that women have to stay in during zbHpTHW-mRu-00086-00026100-00026417 that time of the month this unnecessary zbHpTHW-mRu-00087-00026418-00026699 and inconvenient practice is not found zbHpTHW-mRu-00088-00026700-00026744 in village zbHpTHW-mRu-00089-00026745-00027080 alone feminine cities in various Hindu zbHpTHW-mRu-00090-00027081-00027335 societies she's isolated from her zbHpTHW-mRu-00091-00027336-00027524 husband and family during these days zbHpTHW-mRu-00092-00027525-00027770 they have a separate area for her to zbHpTHW-mRu-00093-00027770-00028049 sleep she is not allowed to cook serve zbHpTHW-mRu-00094-00028050-00028343 or touch the drinking water or even come zbHpTHW-mRu-00095-00028344-00028570 in contact with other people's food it zbHpTHW-mRu-00096-00028572-00028787 is thought that everything a woman zbHpTHW-mRu-00097-00028788-00029039 touches in this state would rot or zbHpTHW-mRu-00098-00029039-00029375 become unclean and polluted by these zbHpTHW-mRu-00099-00029376-00029666 needless practices women are made to zbHpTHW-mRu-00100-00029667-00029902 face an embarrassing separation with zbHpTHW-mRu-00101-00029904-00030197 everyone knowing why she suffers zbHpTHW-mRu-00102-00030198-00030554 seclusion once every month are almost a zbHpTHW-mRu-00103-00030555-00030724 quarter of her life zbHpTHW-mRu-00104-00030725-00031013 whereas in Islam there is no such zbHpTHW-mRu-00105-00031014-00031379 restriction at all on one mo mean aisha zbHpTHW-mRu-00106-00031380-00031604 radiallahu ta'ala anhu narrates I would zbHpTHW-mRu-00107-00031605-00031841 drink when I was menstruating then I zbHpTHW-mRu-00108-00031842-00031982 would hand over the vessel to the zbHpTHW-mRu-00109-00031983-00032239 Prophet and he would ring from where I zbHpTHW-mRu-00110-00032241-00032620 drank I would eat from a bone when I was zbHpTHW-mRu-00111-00032622-00032864 menstruating then hand it over to the zbHpTHW-mRu-00112-00032865-00033104 Prophet and he would eat from the same zbHpTHW-mRu-00113-00033105-00033422 place on one moment in my molarity zbHpTHW-mRu-00114-00033423-00033632 allahu ta'ala anhu narrates The zbHpTHW-mRu-00115-00033633-00033824 Messenger of Allah used to lie with me zbHpTHW-mRu-00116-00033825-00034166 when I was menstruating such relaxed zbHpTHW-mRu-00117-00034167-00034442 attitude because Islam sees the monthly zbHpTHW-mRu-00118-00034443-00034804 cycle as a natural biological process zbHpTHW-mRu-00119-00034805-00035060 when Allah is messenger found aisha radi zbHpTHW-mRu-00120-00035061-00035315 allahu taala and her weeping because of zbHpTHW-mRu-00121-00035316-00035555 the monthly cycle during hajj he zbHpTHW-mRu-00122-00035556-00035831 consoled her he said this is something zbHpTHW-mRu-00123-00035832-00036056 allah has ordained for all the daughters zbHpTHW-mRu-00124-00036057-00036377 of Adam so do everything except Allah zbHpTHW-mRu-00125-00036378-00036718 and it is this relaxed attitude of zbHpTHW-mRu-00126-00036719-00036995 accepting the monthly cycle as part of zbHpTHW-mRu-00127-00036996-00037232 you which is reflected in the zbHpTHW-mRu-00128-00037233-00037505 explanation of Islamic scholars who zbHpTHW-mRu-00129-00037506-00037763 discourage taking pills to offset the zbHpTHW-mRu-00130-00037764-00038063 cycle but does the seemingly modern and zbHpTHW-mRu-00131-00038064-00038306 progressive world also take such a zbHpTHW-mRu-00132-00038307-00038600 relaxed view whilst primitive cultures zbHpTHW-mRu-00133-00038601-00038888 may see menstruation as a curse modern zbHpTHW-mRu-00134-00038889-00039134 attitudes towards menstruation are not zbHpTHW-mRu-00135-00039135-00039404 too progressive as well when they see it zbHpTHW-mRu-00136-00039405-00039662 as a hurdle in being socially accepted zbHpTHW-mRu-00137-00039663-00039890 and a problem that needs to be dealt zbHpTHW-mRu-00138-00039891-00039984 with zbHpTHW-mRu-00139-00039985-00040248 thus generating a huge demand for zbHpTHW-mRu-00140-00040249-00040536 products that make menstruation totally zbHpTHW-mRu-00141-00040537-00040833 invisible and these include a wide range zbHpTHW-mRu-00142-00040834-00041051 of menstrual suppression pills zbHpTHW-mRu-00143-00041052-00041715 medications and antidepressants cultural zbHpTHW-mRu-00144-00041716-00042051 modern or Islamic which of these zbHpTHW-mRu-00145-00042052-00042221 attitudes are truly progressive zbHpTHW-mRu-00146-00042222-00042546 uplifting beneficial and sensitive to zbHpTHW-mRu-00147-00042547-00042918 the feelings of a woman in Islam there zbHpTHW-mRu-00148-00042919-00043143 is no complete isolation nor an zbHpTHW-mRu-00149-00043144-00043332 obsession with making menstruation zbHpTHW-mRu-00150-00043333-00043461 completely invisible zbHpTHW-mRu-00151-00043462-00043827 instead in consideration the worships zbHpTHW-mRu-00152-00043828-00044118 are lightened for her and me being a zbHpTHW-mRu-00153-00044119-00044433 woman I truly appreciate the concessions zbHpTHW-mRu-00154-00044434-00044715 allowed menstruation poses limitations zbHpTHW-mRu-00155-00044716-00045075 yes but it's not a problem in Islam if zbHpTHW-mRu-00156-00045076-00045303 we cannot do a few certain acts of zbHpTHW-mRu-00157-00045304-00045540 worship this should not make us feel zbHpTHW-mRu-00158-00045541-00045831 restricted there is a lot more which we zbHpTHW-mRu-00159-00045832-00046179 can do insha Allah we'll speak about zbHpTHW-mRu-00160-00046180-00046503 this in the next clip we'll also dispel zbHpTHW-mRu-00161-00046504-00046842 some misconceptions and discuss whether zbHpTHW-mRu-00162-00046843-00047070 you can read the Quran during these days zbHpTHW-mRu-00163-00047071-00047343 and what about clothes worn during zbHpTHW-mRu-00164-00047344-00047685 menstruation stay connected to the zbHpTHW-mRu-00165-00047686-00047840 striving muslimah blog zbHpTHW-mRu-00166-00047841-00048081 [Music] zbHpTHW-mRu-00167-00048082-00048353 Oh zbHpTHW-mRu-00168-00048354-00048464 [Music] zbHpTHW-mRu-00169-00048465-00048665 Oh ze3TQyiRcoM-00000-00000024-00000311 so let it get as dark as it wants to ze3TQyiRcoM-00001-00000312-00000559 wouldn't a flashlight do the same thing ze3TQyiRcoM-00002-00000560-00000872 not even close zeuyPraVkSu-00000-00000000-00000262 hey dropshippers and welcome back to our zeuyPraVkSu-00001-00000263-00000478 youtube channel today's video is zeuyPraVkSu-00002-00000479-00000671 extremely special because all the zeuyPraVkSu-00003-00000672-00000902 information i'm about a list is relevant zeuyPraVkSu-00004-00000903-00001183 to the q4 holidays coming up so make zeuyPraVkSu-00005-00001184-00001399 sure to subscribe to our youtube channel zeuyPraVkSu-00006-00001400-00001630 grab a pen grab a notebook maybe some zeuyPraVkSu-00007-00001632-00001855 snacks even and stay tuned for all the zeuyPraVkSu-00008-00001855-00002095 relevant information i'm about to drop zeuyPraVkSu-00009-00002096-00002375 in this video quick intro and let's get zeuyPraVkSu-00010-00002376-00003039 it zeuyPraVkSu-00011-00003040-00003222 one of the busiest and most profitable zeuyPraVkSu-00012-00003223-00003375 times of the year is the much zeuyPraVkSu-00013-00003376-00003670 anticipated q4 so to clarify for those zeuyPraVkSu-00014-00003671-00003911 who are new to dropshipping or who zeuyPraVkSu-00015-00003911-00004183 aren't certain of what the term q4 means zeuyPraVkSu-00016-00004184-00004327 it is the time of the year that is zeuyPraVkSu-00017-00004328-00004551 spanning from the beginning of october zeuyPraVkSu-00018-00004552-00004783 all through december there are numerous zeuyPraVkSu-00019-00004784-00005022 holidays and special occasions that fall zeuyPraVkSu-00020-00005023-00005222 on certain days in between of these zeuyPraVkSu-00021-00005223-00005535 months and that is exactly why during q4 zeuyPraVkSu-00022-00005536-00005822 online sales and shopping skyrocket in zeuyPraVkSu-00023-00005823-00006079 comparison to other months of the year zeuyPraVkSu-00024-00006080-00006279 and this is why we also strongly zeuyPraVkSu-00025-00006280-00006478 encourage drop shippers to take zeuyPraVkSu-00026-00006479-00006751 advantage of this special time of the zeuyPraVkSu-00027-00006752-00006975 year and that is exactly why this video zeuyPraVkSu-00028-00006976-00007167 is here to tell you what products to zeuyPraVkSu-00029-00007168-00007383 sell and how to prepare your online zeuyPraVkSu-00030-00007384-00007703 store for q4 holidays so what changes zeuyPraVkSu-00031-00007704-00007927 occur during q4 drop shipping that zeuyPraVkSu-00032-00007928-00008174 dropshippers should be aware of well zeuyPraVkSu-00033-00008175-00008359 because it is the busiest season of the zeuyPraVkSu-00034-00008360-00008535 year and there's all this hustling and zeuyPraVkSu-00035-00008536-00008774 bustling going on around us there are zeuyPraVkSu-00036-00008775-00009006 about several changes that occur during zeuyPraVkSu-00037-00009007-00009263 q4 drop shipping as a matter of fact zeuyPraVkSu-00038-00009264-00009446 because it is the most popular time of zeuyPraVkSu-00039-00009447-00009678 the year the spike in demand pulls on zeuyPraVkSu-00040-00009679-00009878 the threads of stock zeuyPraVkSu-00041-00009879-00010167 shipping marketing and other aspects of zeuyPraVkSu-00042-00010168-00010414 drop shipping so let's start straight zeuyPraVkSu-00043-00010415-00010631 into what are the changes that we can zeuyPraVkSu-00044-00010632-00010919 expect during q4 drop shipping so our zeuyPraVkSu-00045-00010920-00011167 first very big change is the rise in zeuyPraVkSu-00046-00011168-00011406 e-commerce sales if we have a look at zeuyPraVkSu-00047-00011407-00011623 this chart we can see an exponential zeuyPraVkSu-00048-00011624-00011927 rise of online sales during the q4 zeuyPraVkSu-00049-00011928-00012191 season online sale records are with our zeuyPraVkSu-00050-00012192-00012463 fail broken every year during the q4 zeuyPraVkSu-00051-00012464-00012678 season and people are spending all of zeuyPraVkSu-00052-00012679-00012894 their time online searching for gifts to zeuyPraVkSu-00053-00012895-00013111 purchase for the various holidays so zeuyPraVkSu-00054-00013112-00013319 this is definitely the shopping season zeuyPraVkSu-00055-00013319-00013686 to take advantage of trust me our next zeuyPraVkSu-00056-00013687-00013911 change is to expect longer delivery zeuyPraVkSu-00057-00013912-00014151 times than usual because there's a lot zeuyPraVkSu-00058-00014152-00014351 of pressure on shipping carriers due to zeuyPraVkSu-00059-00014352-00014551 the influx of orders surrounding the zeuyPraVkSu-00060-00014552-00014775 holiday season we should prepare for zeuyPraVkSu-00061-00014776-00015030 some delays because trust me it is bound zeuyPraVkSu-00062-00015031-00015286 to happen along the way and you need to zeuyPraVkSu-00063-00015287-00015519 be prepared the way around this would be zeuyPraVkSu-00064-00015519-00015719 to work with multiple drop shipping zeuyPraVkSu-00065-00015719-00015991 suppliers so for example if i'm only zeuyPraVkSu-00066-00015991-00016215 working with aliexpress and i can see zeuyPraVkSu-00067-00016216-00016422 that their shipping times are longer zeuyPraVkSu-00068-00016423-00016647 than usual simply due to the fact that zeuyPraVkSu-00069-00016648-00016855 everybody's online purchasing something zeuyPraVkSu-00070-00016856-00017079 because it is the queue for holidays and zeuyPraVkSu-00071-00017080-00017319 not only that take into consideration zeuyPraVkSu-00072-00017320-00017455 that the product needs to still be zeuyPraVkSu-00073-00017456-00017639 shipped from china too so it's even zeuyPraVkSu-00074-00017640-00017879 longer i'm automatically going to go zeuyPraVkSu-00075-00017880-00018103 ahead and look for another drop shipping zeuyPraVkSu-00076-00018104-00018311 supplier that is able to ship from a zeuyPraVkSu-00077-00018312-00018550 place where my target audience resides zeuyPraVkSu-00078-00018551-00018758 so for example if i'm drop shipping to zeuyPraVkSu-00079-00018759-00018991 the usa then i'm going to look for zeuyPraVkSu-00080-00018992-00019286 multiple us drop shipping suppliers our zeuyPraVkSu-00081-00019287-00019550 next change is the increase in customer zeuyPraVkSu-00082-00019551-00019758 service so this means that you're going zeuyPraVkSu-00083-00019759-00020007 to be receiving more customer inquiries zeuyPraVkSu-00084-00020008-00020222 than normal and this naturally comes zeuyPraVkSu-00085-00020223-00020494 with the q4 holiday season remember that zeuyPraVkSu-00086-00020495-00020678 the more traffic that is driven to your zeuyPraVkSu-00087-00020679-00020950 stores results in more sales which means zeuyPraVkSu-00088-00020951-00021191 that customers are going to reach out to zeuyPraVkSu-00089-00021192-00021407 you the best way to deal with this is to zeuyPraVkSu-00090-00021408-00021583 constantly check up on the customer zeuyPraVkSu-00091-00021584-00021775 support that you're providing to your zeuyPraVkSu-00092-00021776-00022014 buyers this means checking up on the zeuyPraVkSu-00093-00022015-00022239 progress of their orders constantly zeuyPraVkSu-00094-00022240-00022414 checking your messages to make sure that zeuyPraVkSu-00095-00022415-00022591 you haven't missed anything and make zeuyPraVkSu-00096-00022592-00022799 sure to check the messages on both your zeuyPraVkSu-00097-00022800-00023055 signing platforms and your emails if zeuyPraVkSu-00098-00023056-00023278 you're selling on ebay you can check out zeuyPraVkSu-00099-00023279-00023463 our customer service feature that we zeuyPraVkSu-00100-00023464-00023735 have available on our autods platform zeuyPraVkSu-00101-00023736-00023983 this is a simple way of taking care of zeuyPraVkSu-00102-00023984-00024199 all your customers inquiries in one zeuyPraVkSu-00103-00024200-00024422 place you simply just click on the zeuyPraVkSu-00104-00024423-00024655 customer support button and here you'll zeuyPraVkSu-00105-00024656-00024871 see all the messages from your various zeuyPraVkSu-00106-00024872-00025103 buyers pop up which you will be able to zeuyPraVkSu-00107-00025104-00025335 respond directly from our auto ds zeuyPraVkSu-00108-00025336-00025527 platform if you don't have the time to zeuyPraVkSu-00109-00025528-00025694 be going through all of your customers zeuyPraVkSu-00110-00025695-00025974 inquiries do not worry you can hire a zeuyPraVkSu-00111-00025975-00026183 virtual assistant who can do this on zeuyPraVkSu-00112-00026183-00026374 behalf of you we also have a blog zeuyPraVkSu-00113-00026375-00026607 article which explains how you're able zeuyPraVkSu-00114-00026608-00026823 to hire virtual assistant where you can zeuyPraVkSu-00115-00026824-00027031 find virtual assistants and how you're zeuyPraVkSu-00116-00027032-00027270 able to negotiate with them our next zeuyPraVkSu-00117-00027272-00027511 change is product discounts which is zeuyPraVkSu-00118-00027512-00027702 something that we should be providing to zeuyPraVkSu-00119-00027704-00027999 our customers during q4 why because zeuyPraVkSu-00120-00028000-00028174 people are looking for sales they're zeuyPraVkSu-00121-00028175-00028367 looking for those discounted products zeuyPraVkSu-00122-00028368-00028599 especially on those black friday and zeuyPraVkSu-00123-00028600-00028862 cyber monday holidays so we would want zeuyPraVkSu-00124-00028863-00029031 to build our store theme around zeuyPraVkSu-00125-00029032-00029287 discounted prices and offering promo zeuyPraVkSu-00126-00029288-00029551 codes q4 really is the best time to be zeuyPraVkSu-00127-00029552-00029758 offering these promotions if you're zeuyPraVkSu-00128-00029760-00029935 struggling to price your products at zeuyPraVkSu-00129-00029936-00030127 discounts of prices and you're worried zeuyPraVkSu-00130-00030127-00030351 that you won't be making a profit simply zeuyPraVkSu-00131-00030352-00030518 just head over to your competitors zeuyPraVkSu-00132-00030519-00030735 online stores and just check out what zeuyPraVkSu-00133-00030736-00030967 they are pricing their products at the zeuyPraVkSu-00134-00030968-00031231 next change is stock shortages and the zeuyPraVkSu-00135-00031232-00031390 best way to deal with this is by zeuyPraVkSu-00136-00031391-00031646 utilizing drop shipping automation tools zeuyPraVkSu-00137-00031647-00031927 and working with multiple suppliers for zeuyPraVkSu-00138-00031927-00032174 example if we head over to the auto ds zeuyPraVkSu-00139-00032175-00032351 platform and we head over to the zeuyPraVkSu-00140-00032352-00032599 products button i then have this product zeuyPraVkSu-00141-00032600-00032831 that goes out of stock on my supplier zeuyPraVkSu-00142-00032832-00033095 sites i then needed to immediately go zeuyPraVkSu-00143-00033096-00033335 out of stock on my store too if we're zeuyPraVkSu-00144-00033336-00033615 not utilizing automation tools the stock zeuyPraVkSu-00145-00033616-00033895 numbers can drop without me even knowing zeuyPraVkSu-00146-00033896-00034159 let's say for example i go to bed and zeuyPraVkSu-00147-00034160-00034351 i'm sleeping and i wake up the next zeuyPraVkSu-00148-00034352-00034590 morning and i see that i have 20 or 30 zeuyPraVkSu-00149-00034591-00034887 sales on a product that is no longer in zeuyPraVkSu-00150-00034888-00035111 stock this becomes a huge problem zeuyPraVkSu-00151-00035112-00035311 because i did not have a software in zeuyPraVkSu-00152-00035312-00035543 place that automated my stock status zeuyPraVkSu-00153-00035544-00035751 whilst i was sleeping and having this zeuyPraVkSu-00154-00035752-00035927 automation software in place would have zeuyPraVkSu-00155-00035928-00036118 saved me from having to cancel my zeuyPraVkSu-00156-00036119-00036359 customers orders as drop shippers we zeuyPraVkSu-00157-00036360-00036583 need to be extremely careful of this zeuyPraVkSu-00158-00036584-00036823 especially on selling channels such as zeuyPraVkSu-00159-00036824-00037030 ebay and facebook marketplace who are zeuyPraVkSu-00160-00037031-00037295 strict and will have your account banned zeuyPraVkSu-00161-00037296-00037567 so our last q4 drop shipping change is zeuyPraVkSu-00162-00037568-00037799 higher marketing costs to market your zeuyPraVkSu-00163-00037800-00038071 store during q4 holidays generally costs zeuyPraVkSu-00164-00038072-00038279 more this is only relevant to those zeuyPraVkSu-00165-00038280-00038487 selling platforms that do not generate zeuyPraVkSu-00166-00038488-00038839 free organic traffic such as shopify wix zeuyPraVkSu-00167-00038840-00038990 and woocommerce where you should be zeuyPraVkSu-00168-00038991-00039199 running ads on the products that you are zeuyPraVkSu-00169-00039200-00039423 listing keep in mind that a lot of other zeuyPraVkSu-00170-00039424-00039639 drop shippers and business owners will zeuyPraVkSu-00171-00039640-00039830 be running ads on their products during zeuyPraVkSu-00172-00039831-00040118 the q4 holidays so in order to compete zeuyPraVkSu-00173-00040119-00040399 for an ad a pay-per-click ad we need to zeuyPraVkSu-00174-00040400-00040607 make sure that we're investing more into zeuyPraVkSu-00175-00040608-00040943 our ads budgets so for example if i want zeuyPraVkSu-00176-00040944-00041167 to get a thousand clicks on an ad it's zeuyPraVkSu-00177-00041168-00041439 going to cost me more during q4 instead zeuyPraVkSu-00178-00041440-00041679 of paying 20 cents per click i'm now zeuyPraVkSu-00179-00041680-00041951 going to be paying 50 cents per click zeuyPraVkSu-00180-00041952-00042127 don't be alarmed if you're investing zeuyPraVkSu-00181-00042128-00042335 more in your ads budget because the zeuyPraVkSu-00182-00042336-00042590 sales conversion from those ads will be zeuyPraVkSu-00183-00042591-00042807 higher and just a quick side note for zeuyPraVkSu-00184-00042808-00043071 you dropshippers please do not be afraid zeuyPraVkSu-00185-00043072-00043279 of marketing costs if you're marketing zeuyPraVkSu-00186-00043280-00043471 the right product to the right target zeuyPraVkSu-00187-00043472-00043687 audience rather pay more so that you'll zeuyPraVkSu-00188-00043688-00043935 be able to receive more great stuff now zeuyPraVkSu-00189-00043936-00044118 that we have the drop shipping changes zeuyPraVkSu-00190-00044119-00044367 that occurred during q4 out of the way zeuyPraVkSu-00191-00044368-00044551 let's now take a look at the top zeuyPraVkSu-00192-00044552-00044727 seasonal events that we can take zeuyPraVkSu-00193-00044728-00044999 advantage of during q4 dropshipping i'm zeuyPraVkSu-00194-00045000-00045183 pretty sure we can all guess what is the zeuyPraVkSu-00195-00045184-00045390 first seasonal event that's coming up zeuyPraVkSu-00196-00045391-00045646 yep you guessed it halloween which is zeuyPraVkSu-00197-00045647-00045902 celebrated on the 31st of october and zeuyPraVkSu-00198-00045903-00046102 although the us market is our main zeuyPraVkSu-00199-00046103-00046343 target audience here other countries zeuyPraVkSu-00200-00046344-00046590 also celebrate halloween which means we zeuyPraVkSu-00201-00046591-00046902 can target a larger audience statistics zeuyPraVkSu-00202-00046903-00047118 show that consumers plan on spending zeuyPraVkSu-00203-00047119-00047502 10.1 billion usd on halloween costumes zeuyPraVkSu-00204-00047503-00047902 decorations candies accessories in 2021 zeuyPraVkSu-00205-00047903-00048255 alone i mean how insane is that and that zeuyPraVkSu-00206-00048256-00048446 just proves to us that there definitely zeuyPraVkSu-00207-00048447-00048655 is an opportunity for us to boost our zeuyPraVkSu-00208-00048656-00048943 store sales based of the seasonal events zeuyPraVkSu-00209-00048944-00049167 next up we have thanksgiving which is zeuyPraVkSu-00210-00049168-00049423 right around the corner after halloween zeuyPraVkSu-00211-00049424-00049607 thanksgiving is mainly an american zeuyPraVkSu-00212-00049608-00049815 holiday but it's also celebrated in zeuyPraVkSu-00213-00049816-00050015 canada also keep in mind that other zeuyPraVkSu-00214-00050016-00050223 countries across the globe celebrate zeuyPraVkSu-00215-00050224-00050462 their own version of thanksgiving it's zeuyPraVkSu-00216-00050463-00050695 just at different times leading up to zeuyPraVkSu-00217-00050696-00050983 thanksgiving offering theme decorations zeuyPraVkSu-00218-00050984-00051223 dining wear and kitchenware is a good zeuyPraVkSu-00219-00051224-00051438 idea if you'd like to reach a larger zeuyPraVkSu-00220-00051439-00051607 target audience leading up to zeuyPraVkSu-00221-00051608-00051830 thanksgiving make sure to prepare to zeuyPraVkSu-00222-00051832-00052111 target a different audience at different zeuyPraVkSu-00223-00052112-00052438 times with different items next for q4 zeuyPraVkSu-00224-00052439-00052703 dropshipping we have the most loved day zeuyPraVkSu-00225-00052704-00053103 by consumers black friday black friday zeuyPraVkSu-00226-00053104-00053359 happens globally on the friday straight zeuyPraVkSu-00227-00053360-00053599 after thanksgiving and this year black zeuyPraVkSu-00228-00053600-00053887 friday falls on the 25th of november zeuyPraVkSu-00229-00053888-00054111 make sure to save their dates shoppers zeuyPraVkSu-00230-00054112-00054294 look forward to this event because it zeuyPraVkSu-00231-00054295-00054519 allows them to purchase large amounts of zeuyPraVkSu-00232-00054520-00054807 items at great bargain prices which zeuyPraVkSu-00233-00054808-00054982 means you should definitely ride the zeuyPraVkSu-00234-00054983-00055199 wave and offer discounts in your drop zeuyPraVkSu-00235-00055200-00055375 shipping stores when the seasonal zeuyPraVkSu-00236-00055376-00055630 holiday approaches remember to lower zeuyPraVkSu-00237-00055632-00055871 your prices in order to stay in line zeuyPraVkSu-00238-00055872-00056094 with your competition this may mean zeuyPraVkSu-00239-00056095-00056350 losing some initial profits but in the zeuyPraVkSu-00240-00056351-00056550 long run we'll still be able to benefit zeuyPraVkSu-00241-00056551-00056775 because we'll see an increase in website zeuyPraVkSu-00242-00056776-00056991 traffic which then results in higher zeuyPraVkSu-00243-00056991-00057294 profits so we're not really taking owls zeuyPraVkSu-00244-00057295-00057542 here now just when you thought it zeuyPraVkSu-00245-00057544-00057750 couldn't get any better right after zeuyPraVkSu-00246-00057751-00058079 black friday comes cyber monday and this zeuyPraVkSu-00247-00058079-00058271 is important for q4 drop shipping zeuyPraVkSu-00248-00058272-00058519 because it's the ultimate event to take zeuyPraVkSu-00249-00058520-00058799 advantage of plus there's also a super zeuyPraVkSu-00250-00058800-00059063 high focus on consumer electronics at zeuyPraVkSu-00251-00059064-00059287 this time to put cyber monday in a zeuyPraVkSu-00252-00059288-00059494 nutshell for you it's basically a zeuyPraVkSu-00253-00059495-00059759 discounted online shopping bonanza that zeuyPraVkSu-00254-00059760-00059966 turns the spotlight on e-commerce zeuyPraVkSu-00255-00059967-00060271 businesses so we're really winning here zeuyPraVkSu-00256-00060272-00060494 because it's our optimal time for our zeuyPraVkSu-00257-00060495-00060766 drop shipping store to shine it is zeuyPraVkSu-00258-00060767-00060966 recommended that during this time we zeuyPraVkSu-00259-00060967-00061279 sell electronics of all varieties for zeuyPraVkSu-00260-00061279-00061623 example smart watches hair dryers gaming zeuyPraVkSu-00261-00061624-00061871 accessories and much more remember to zeuyPraVkSu-00262-00061872-00062063 not worry too much about lowering your zeuyPraVkSu-00263-00062064-00062294 prices because the increase in website zeuyPraVkSu-00264-00062295-00062550 traffic makes up for it i feel like this zeuyPraVkSu-00265-00062551-00062791 next highlighted q4 drop shipping event zeuyPraVkSu-00266-00062791-00063030 will make you laugh but here it is zeuyPraVkSu-00267-00063032-00063311 singles day now singles day is a huge zeuyPraVkSu-00268-00063312-00063535 e-commerce sales event in china that was zeuyPraVkSu-00269-00063536-00063815 started by alibaba and it falls on the zeuyPraVkSu-00270-00063816-00064094 11th of november every year believe it zeuyPraVkSu-00271-00064095-00064294 or not but because it is a hugely zeuyPraVkSu-00272-00064295-00064575 successful event it has been extended to zeuyPraVkSu-00273-00064576-00064894 the first 11 days of november rather zeuyPraVkSu-00274-00064895-00065103 than just one day which would have been zeuyPraVkSu-00275-00065104-00065294 the 11th of november so if you're zeuyPraVkSu-00276-00065295-00065479 wondering how does this event tie in zeuyPraVkSu-00277-00065479-00065719 with drop shipping singles day offers zeuyPraVkSu-00278-00065720-00065991 consumers big discounts across all zeuyPraVkSu-00279-00065992-00066199 e-commerce stores and to give you a zeuyPraVkSu-00280-00066200-00066406 little bit of an idea as to why you zeuyPraVkSu-00281-00066407-00066623 should consider partaking your store in zeuyPraVkSu-00282-00066624-00067038 this event is jd.com a giant chinese zeuyPraVkSu-00283-00067039-00067319 e-commerce platform managed to rack up a zeuyPraVkSu-00284-00067320-00067687 record-breaking 52 billion dollars zeuyPraVkSu-00285-00067688-00067999 during this event like what zeuyPraVkSu-00286-00068000-00068287 it's so crazy right and although as drop zeuyPraVkSu-00287-00068288-00068494 shippers we might not be able to reach zeuyPraVkSu-00288-00068495-00068719 this figure it just gives us a glimpse zeuyPraVkSu-00289-00068720-00068919 into what profits we potentially could zeuyPraVkSu-00290-00068920-00069182 be making next up we have everybody's zeuyPraVkSu-00291-00069183-00069438 favorite q4 holiday which is zeuyPraVkSu-00292-00069439-00069575 christmas zeuyPraVkSu-00293-00069576-00069711 we all know that christmas is zeuyPraVkSu-00294-00069712-00069894 potentially one of the best events for zeuyPraVkSu-00295-00069895-00070135 dropshippers and their stores because zeuyPraVkSu-00296-00070136-00070359 christmas falls on the 25th of december zeuyPraVkSu-00297-00070360-00070599 and as crazy as it might sound we need zeuyPraVkSu-00298-00070600-00070847 to start our product research now to zeuyPraVkSu-00299-00070848-00071047 ensure that our drop shipping stores are zeuyPraVkSu-00300-00071048-00071287 ready for the biggest holiday of the zeuyPraVkSu-00301-00071288-00071503 year keep in mind that consumers are zeuyPraVkSu-00302-00071504-00071750 looking for christmas presents weeks and zeuyPraVkSu-00303-00071751-00071999 months in advance so that just means zeuyPraVkSu-00304-00072000-00072247 that we can enjoy solid sales volumes zeuyPraVkSu-00305-00072248-00072503 for weeks and months to come we also zeuyPraVkSu-00306-00072504-00072711 don't have to offer big discounts in zeuyPraVkSu-00307-00072712-00072982 order to stay competitive we can sell at zeuyPraVkSu-00308-00072983-00073199 full price and enjoy those high profit zeuyPraVkSu-00309-00073200-00073550 margins to come cha ching our last q4 zeuyPraVkSu-00310-00073551-00073767 drop shipping holiday is zeuyPraVkSu-00311-00073768-00073862 wait zeuyPraVkSu-00312-00073863-00074062 there is another event we can benefit zeuyPraVkSu-00313-00074063-00074235 from after christmas zeuyPraVkSu-00314-00074236-00074503 absolutely the post christmas sales zeuyPraVkSu-00315-00074504-00074719 allows us to optimize our store with zeuyPraVkSu-00316-00074720-00075023 product discounts for a while even after zeuyPraVkSu-00317-00075024-00075326 christmas online sales still pour in zeuyPraVkSu-00318-00075327-00075511 especially in countries like canada zeuyPraVkSu-00319-00075512-00075782 where they celebrate boxing day and have zeuyPraVkSu-00320-00075783-00075935 weekly sales zeuyPraVkSu-00321-00075936-00076159 keep in mind that news eve is creeping zeuyPraVkSu-00322-00076160-00076367 up so we can further leverage this to zeuyPraVkSu-00323-00076368-00076655 boost our sales around this event so zeuyPraVkSu-00324-00076656-00076894 there you have it those were the top 7 zeuyPraVkSu-00325-00076895-00077143 q4 drop shipping events that every drop zeuyPraVkSu-00326-00077144-00077367 shipper should be taking advantage of zeuyPraVkSu-00327-00077368-00077550 let's now briefly take a look at what zeuyPraVkSu-00328-00077551-00077759 are the best drop shipping niches and zeuyPraVkSu-00329-00077760-00077926 key products that you should be selling zeuyPraVkSu-00330-00077927-00078247 during q4 in order to scale your stores zeuyPraVkSu-00331-00078248-00078455 remember that q4 products can be zeuyPraVkSu-00332-00078456-00078719 categorized as high ticket items as they zeuyPraVkSu-00333-00078720-00078894 are high in demand and extremely zeuyPraVkSu-00334-00078895-00079175 profitable during this period so don't zeuyPraVkSu-00335-00079176-00079406 play yourselves drop shippers our next zeuyPraVkSu-00336-00079407-00079775 niche are children's toys and in truce zeuyPraVkSu-00337-00079776-00080071 q4 is much centered around children's zeuyPraVkSu-00338-00080072-00080382 joy so toys are necessary for our q4 zeuyPraVkSu-00339-00080383-00080543 listings okay zeuyPraVkSu-00340-00080544-00080782 also with halloween christmas and all zeuyPraVkSu-00341-00080783-00080991 the birthdays happening this quarter we zeuyPraVkSu-00342-00080992-00081215 have plenty of opportunities to boost zeuyPraVkSu-00343-00081216-00081471 our sales let's now take a look at what zeuyPraVkSu-00344-00081472-00081711 are the best children's toys for q4 zeuyPraVkSu-00345-00081712-00082006 dropshipping first up we have the lcd zeuyPraVkSu-00346-00082007-00082238 writing tablet which is a great way for zeuyPraVkSu-00347-00082239-00082535 children to learn and be creative next zeuyPraVkSu-00348-00082536-00082791 up we have the dinosaur activity playmat zeuyPraVkSu-00349-00082792-00082999 which is not just for entertainment but zeuyPraVkSu-00350-00083000-00083223 it also serves for educational purposes zeuyPraVkSu-00351-00083224-00083415 because kids can learn from it whilst zeuyPraVkSu-00352-00083416-00083638 they play we also have the toy rocket zeuyPraVkSu-00353-00083639-00083871 launcher dolls which is a classic kid's zeuyPraVkSu-00354-00083872-00084126 toy and will never lose its popularity zeuyPraVkSu-00355-00084127-00084415 as well as electric mini cars they see zeuyPraVkSu-00356-00084416-00084591 me rolling zeuyPraVkSu-00357-00084592-00084894 they hating these electric mini cars are zeuyPraVkSu-00358-00084895-00085023 high in demand because they are zeuyPraVkSu-00359-00085024-00085279 extremely appealing to children making zeuyPraVkSu-00360-00085280-00085494 them the perfect christmas gift next up zeuyPraVkSu-00361-00085495-00085687 we have the fitness and entertainment zeuyPraVkSu-00362-00085688-00085862 niche that has become incredibly zeuyPraVkSu-00363-00085863-00086135 lucrative entertainment will just simply zeuyPraVkSu-00364-00086136-00086367 never go out of fashion and we've seen zeuyPraVkSu-00365-00086368-00086567 more and more people become more in tune zeuyPraVkSu-00366-00086568-00086782 with their health and fitness goals zeuyPraVkSu-00367-00086783-00086982 which just proves that this niche is zeuyPraVkSu-00368-00086983-00087215 incredibly profitable here are some of zeuyPraVkSu-00369-00087216-00087447 the best high ticket items to sell under zeuyPraVkSu-00370-00087448-00087679 this niche up first we have smart zeuyPraVkSu-00371-00087680-00087871 watches which can measure your heart zeuyPraVkSu-00372-00087872-00088062 rate your sleeping patterns your zeuyPraVkSu-00373-00088063-00088326 workouts and much more it's also become zeuyPraVkSu-00374-00088327-00088582 a super trendy item so make sure to list zeuyPraVkSu-00375-00088583-00088855 this as a high ticket item next up we zeuyPraVkSu-00376-00088856-00089126 have yoga mats you can offer these yoga zeuyPraVkSu-00377-00089127-00089431 mats in various sizes colors and styles zeuyPraVkSu-00378-00089432-00089679 next up we have gaming keyboard sets zeuyPraVkSu-00379-00089680-00089918 which is the most profitable item on our zeuyPraVkSu-00380-00089919-00090167 list the gaming keyboard sets usually zeuyPraVkSu-00381-00090168-00090487 consists of a gaming grade keyboard a zeuyPraVkSu-00382-00090488-00090750 mouse and an optional headset high zeuyPraVkSu-00383-00090751-00091031 ticket ski goggles and snowboards also zeuyPraVkSu-00384-00091032-00091303 fall under this niche especially because zeuyPraVkSu-00385-00091304-00091599 winter is the dominant season during q4 zeuyPraVkSu-00386-00091600-00091775 next up we have the jewelry and zeuyPraVkSu-00387-00091776-00092055 accessories niche over time this niche zeuyPraVkSu-00388-00092056-00092255 has proved to be extremely profitable zeuyPraVkSu-00389-00092256-00092550 especially during q4 in fact jewelry is zeuyPraVkSu-00390-00092551-00092806 one of if not the most go-to choice for zeuyPraVkSu-00391-00092807-00093015 gift giving since these pieces are zeuyPraVkSu-00392-00093016-00093294 timeless classic and beautiful so here zeuyPraVkSu-00393-00093295-00093518 are some of the most popular items under zeuyPraVkSu-00394-00093519-00093774 this niche we have cross-pendant zeuyPraVkSu-00395-00093775-00093903 necklaces zeuyPraVkSu-00396-00093904-00094174 friendship bracelets rhinestone zeuyPraVkSu-00397-00094175-00094431 snowflake brooches christmas tree zeuyPraVkSu-00398-00094432-00094638 earrings to show your festivity on zeuyPraVkSu-00399-00094639-00094926 christmas day and of course the travel zeuyPraVkSu-00400-00094927-00095199 jewelry box which is a great product to zeuyPraVkSu-00401-00095200-00095359 sell throughout the year because we're zeuyPraVkSu-00402-00095360-00095567 able to store our various jewelry zeuyPraVkSu-00403-00095568-00095806 accessories next up we have the beauty zeuyPraVkSu-00404-00095807-00096047 care niche which offers a lot of diverse zeuyPraVkSu-00405-00096048-00096311 products and great bundle options zeuyPraVkSu-00406-00096312-00096518 remember that offering product bundles zeuyPraVkSu-00407-00096519-00096750 is a great way to increase your average zeuyPraVkSu-00408-00096751-00096991 order value so here are some of the best zeuyPraVkSu-00409-00096992-00097287 items to sell under this niche first up zeuyPraVkSu-00410-00097288-00097591 we have a set of beauty blenders we all zeuyPraVkSu-00411-00097592-00097791 know that this has been a popular item zeuyPraVkSu-00412-00097792-00098038 amongst women for years now and because zeuyPraVkSu-00413-00098039-00098271 of this that is exactly why they are zeuyPraVkSu-00414-00098272-00098559 trendy and profitable our next item is zeuyPraVkSu-00415-00098560-00098894 eye masks so the eye mask is usually two zeuyPraVkSu-00416-00098895-00099150 under eye patches which is filled with zeuyPraVkSu-00417-00099151-00099350 healthy and nourishing components that zeuyPraVkSu-00418-00099351-00099591 helps with wrinkles dark circles and zeuyPraVkSu-00419-00099592-00099923 moisturizing next up we have the led zeuyPraVkSu-00420-00099924-00100215 photodynamic device don't worry i'll zeuyPraVkSu-00421-00100216-00100494 explain so this device emits lights zeuyPraVkSu-00422-00100495-00100782 composed of blue yellow green and red zeuyPraVkSu-00423-00100783-00101015 and as a result it increases the amount zeuyPraVkSu-00424-00101016-00101271 of collagen in the skin and reduces the zeuyPraVkSu-00425-00101272-00101511 appearance of wrinkles next up we have zeuyPraVkSu-00426-00101512-00101799 the uv nail lamp which is used to set zeuyPraVkSu-00427-00101800-00102111 gel nail polish as such this product is zeuyPraVkSu-00428-00102112-00102391 perfect for manicures pedicures and zeuyPraVkSu-00429-00102392-00102654 creating those fake nails and do not zeuyPraVkSu-00430-00102655-00102847 worry we have not forgotten about the zeuyPraVkSu-00431-00102848-00103094 men which brings me to our next product zeuyPraVkSu-00432-00103095-00103358 the electric hair clippers which is one zeuyPraVkSu-00433-00103359-00103606 of the best-styling items for q4 drop zeuyPraVkSu-00434-00103607-00103886 shipping we also have the popular flower zeuyPraVkSu-00435-00103888-00104206 dog bow ties and the folding silicone zeuyPraVkSu-00436-00104207-00104430 water bowl which is super convenient for zeuyPraVkSu-00437-00104431-00104718 any owners furry friend to stay hydrated zeuyPraVkSu-00438-00104719-00104990 anywhere anytime we have now listening zeuyPraVkSu-00439-00104991-00105183 to all the profitable niches and zeuyPraVkSu-00440-00105183-00105463 products for q4 drop shipping let's now zeuyPraVkSu-00441-00105464-00105639 look at how we're able to find these zeuyPraVkSu-00442-00105640-00105919 winning products for our stores first we zeuyPraVkSu-00443-00105920-00106110 can take a look at the various drop zeuyPraVkSu-00444-00106111-00106366 shipping suppliers best sellers list zeuyPraVkSu-00445-00106367-00106599 this list is based on data generated zeuyPraVkSu-00446-00106600-00106895 from previous sales activities next zeuyPraVkSu-00447-00106896-00107078 you're able to also spy on your zeuyPraVkSu-00448-00107079-00107302 competition for example you can search zeuyPraVkSu-00449-00107303-00107551 for a product on ebay and then check out zeuyPraVkSu-00450-00107552-00107790 other sellers metrics we also have the zeuyPraVkSu-00451-00107791-00108054 auto ds product research tool and this zeuyPraVkSu-00452-00108055-00108278 tool helps us to automatically find zeuyPraVkSu-00453-00108279-00108534 winning products lastly you can also zeuyPraVkSu-00454-00108535-00108775 utilize our autods blog where you'll zeuyPraVkSu-00455-00108776-00109071 find endless drop shipping articles and zeuyPraVkSu-00456-00109072-00109271 you can head over to our youtube channel zeuyPraVkSu-00457-00109272-00109471 where you can find endless drop shipping zeuyPraVkSu-00458-00109472-00109831 content guides tutorials and tips so to zeuyPraVkSu-00459-00109832-00110039 wrap this youtube video up i'm briefly zeuyPraVkSu-00460-00110040-00110239 going to go through the seven tips you zeuyPraVkSu-00461-00110240-00110423 need to know in order to prepare your zeuyPraVkSu-00462-00110424-00110719 store for drop shipping in q4 the first zeuyPraVkSu-00463-00110720-00110958 tip is to optimize sales with product zeuyPraVkSu-00464-00110959-00111223 bundles people opt for gift sets for zeuyPraVkSu-00465-00111224-00111502 both themselves and others so we can zeuyPraVkSu-00466-00111503-00111695 offer product bundles with a good zeuyPraVkSu-00467-00111696-00111983 selection of well-grouped items also zeuyPraVkSu-00468-00111983-00112190 remember to offer these product bundles zeuyPraVkSu-00469-00112191-00112510 at discounted prices tip 2 would be to zeuyPraVkSu-00470-00112511-00112790 utilize email marketing since marketing zeuyPraVkSu-00471-00112791-00113078 costs increase during q4 this is a great zeuyPraVkSu-00472-00113079-00113278 way to save some money while still zeuyPraVkSu-00473-00113279-00113558 marketing our stores tip 3 would be to zeuyPraVkSu-00474-00113559-00113839 keep up with the latest trends shoppers zeuyPraVkSu-00475-00113840-00114054 interests and demands are constantly zeuyPraVkSu-00476-00114055-00114343 changing and so does trends this happens zeuyPraVkSu-00477-00114344-00114543 a lot more often during q4 because zeuyPraVkSu-00478-00114544-00114783 holidays and shopping events change so zeuyPraVkSu-00479-00114783-00115039 fast because of this we need to stay on zeuyPraVkSu-00480-00115040-00115263 top of trains in order to stay relevant zeuyPraVkSu-00481-00115264-00115502 and competitive make sure to constantly zeuyPraVkSu-00482-00115503-00115678 review your products and conduct zeuyPraVkSu-00483-00115679-00115943 relevant product research the fourth tip zeuyPraVkSu-00484-00115944-00116119 would be to work with multiple drop zeuyPraVkSu-00485-00116120-00116390 shipping suppliers in various regions zeuyPraVkSu-00486-00116391-00116566 remember what i said at the beginning of zeuyPraVkSu-00487-00116567-00116751 this video about the changes that we can zeuyPraVkSu-00488-00116752-00117063 expect during q4 drop shipping expect to 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zf9IMj3grL8-00007-00002316-00002531 does not imply anything about the zf9IMj3grL8-00008-00002532-00002902 surface conditions or habitability the zf9IMj3grL8-00009-00002903-00003361 alternative term gas dwarfs may be more zf9IMj3grL8-00010-00003363-00003608 accurate for those at the higher end of zf9IMj3grL8-00011-00003609-00003910 the mass scale as suggested by MIT zf9IMj3grL8-00012-00003911-00004253 professor Sara Seager although many zf9IMj3grL8-00013-00004254-00005097 Neptune's is a more common term zf9IMj3grL8-00014-00005098-00005663 topic definition zf9IMj3grL8-00015-00005664-00005997 in general super Earths are defined by zf9IMj3grL8-00016-00005998-00006263 their masses and the term does not imply zf9IMj3grL8-00017-00006264-00006552 temperatures compositions orbital zf9IMj3grL8-00018-00006553-00006917 properties habitability or environment zf9IMj3grL8-00019-00006918-00007245 while sources generally agree on an zf9IMj3grL8-00020-00007245-00007484 upper bound of 10 earth masses zf9IMj3grL8-00021-00007484-00007818 approximately 69 percent of the mass of zf9IMj3grL8-00022-00007819-00008135 Uranus which is the solar system's giant zf9IMj3grL8-00023-00008136-00008379 planet with the least mass the lower zf9IMj3grL8-00024-00008380-00008676 bound varies from one or one point nine zf9IMj3grL8-00025-00008677-00008963 to five with various other definitions zf9IMj3grL8-00026-00008964-00009341 appearing in the popular media the term zf9IMj3grL8-00027-00009342-00009765 super earth is also used by astronomers zf9IMj3grL8-00028-00009766-00009987 to refer to planets bigger than zf9IMj3grL8-00029-00009988-00010401 earth-like planets from 0.8 to 1.25 zf9IMj3grL8-00030-00010402-00010683 Earth radii but smaller than many zf9IMj3grL8-00031-00010684-00011180 Neptune's from 2 to 4 Earth radii this zf9IMj3grL8-00032-00011181-00011399 definition was made by the Kepler zf9IMj3grL8-00033-00011400-00011567 mission zf9IMj3grL8-00034-00011568-00011864 some authors further suggest that the zf9IMj3grL8-00035-00011865-00012098 term super-earth might be limited to zf9IMj3grL8-00036-00012099-00012363 rocky planets without a significant zf9IMj3grL8-00037-00012364-00012669 atmosphere or planets that have not just zf9IMj3grL8-00038-00012670-00013019 atmospheres but also solid surfaces or zf9IMj3grL8-00039-00013020-00013253 oceans with a sharp boundary between zf9IMj3grL8-00040-00013254-00013536 liquid and atmosphere which the four zf9IMj3grL8-00041-00013537-00013821 giant planets in the solar system do not zf9IMj3grL8-00042-00013822-00014274 have planets above 10 Earth masses are zf9IMj3grL8-00043-00014275-00014574 termed massive solid planets mega earths zf9IMj3grL8-00044-00014575-00014865 or gas giant planets depending on zf9IMj3grL8-00045-00014866-00015116 whether they are mostly rock and ice are zf9IMj3grL8-00046-00015118-00015763 mostly gas zf9IMj3grL8-00047-00015763-00016691 topic discoveries zf9IMj3grL8-00048-00016692-00017201 topic first zf9IMj3grL8-00049-00017202-00017486 the first super-earths were discovered zf9IMj3grL8-00050-00017487-00017762 by Aleksandr Wolfson and Dale frail zf9IMj3grL8-00051-00017763-00018266 around the pulsar PSR b1 2 5 7 plus 12 zf9IMj3grL8-00052-00018267-00018473 in 1992 zf9IMj3grL8-00053-00018474-00018860 the two outer planets poltergeist and fo zf9IMj3grL8-00054-00018861-00019105 B tour of the system have masses zf9IMj3grL8-00055-00019106-00019460 approximately four times earth too small zf9IMj3grL8-00056-00019461-00019889 to be gas giants the first super earth zf9IMj3grL8-00057-00019890-00020123 around a main-sequence star was zf9IMj3grL8-00058-00020124-00020378 discovered by a team under a haenyeo zf9IMj3grL8-00059-00020379-00021032 Rivera in 2005 it orbits Gliese 876 and zf9IMj3grL8-00060-00021033-00021431 received the designation Gliese 876 D zf9IMj3grL8-00061-00021432-00021752 two jupiter-sized gas giants had zf9IMj3grL8-00062-00021753-00021971 previously been discovered in that zf9IMj3grL8-00063-00021972-00022460 system it has an estimated mass of 7.5 zf9IMj3grL8-00064-00022461-00022748 earth masses and a very short orbital zf9IMj3grL8-00065-00022749-00023141 period of just about two days due to the zf9IMj3grL8-00066-00023142-00023579 proximity of Gliese 876 D to its host zf9IMj3grL8-00067-00023580-00023903 star a red dwarf it may have a surface zf9IMj3grL8-00068-00023904-00024371 temperature of 430 to 650 kelvins and be zf9IMj3grL8-00069-00024372-00025114 too hot to support liquid water zf9IMj3grL8-00070-00025115-00025780 topic first in habitable zone zf9IMj3grL8-00071-00025781-00026224 in April 2007 a team headed by Stephane zf9IMj3grL8-00072-00026225-00026476 you jury based in Switzerland announced zf9IMj3grL8-00073-00026477-00026749 the discovery of two new super Earths zf9IMj3grL8-00074-00026750-00027154 within the Gliese 581 planetary system zf9IMj3grL8-00075-00027155-00027406 both on the edge of the habitable zone zf9IMj3grL8-00076-00027407-00027682 around the star where liquid water may zf9IMj3grL8-00077-00027683-00028089 be possible on the surface with Gliese zf9IMj3grL8-00078-00028089-00028440 581c having a mass of at least five zf9IMj3grL8-00079-00028441-00028758 Earth masses and a distance from Gliese zf9IMj3grL8-00080-00028758-00029439 581 of 0.073 astronomical units Oh 6.8 zf9IMj3grL8-00081-00029441-00029779 million miles 11 million kilometers it zf9IMj3grL8-00082-00029780-00030151 is on the warm edge of the habitable zf9IMj3grL8-00083-00030152-00030552 zone around Gliese 581 with an estimated zf9IMj3grL8-00084-00030554-00030817 mean temperature without taking into zf9IMj3grL8-00085-00030818-00031095 consideration effects from an atmosphere zf9IMj3grL8-00086-00031097-00031402 of minus 3 degrees Celsius with an zf9IMj3grL8-00087-00031402-00031681 albedo comparable to Venus and 40 zf9IMj3grL8-00088-00031682-00031902 degrees Celsius with an albedo zf9IMj3grL8-00089-00031904-00032281 comparable to earth subsequent research zf9IMj3grL8-00090-00032282-00032674 suggested Gliese 581c had likely zf9IMj3grL8-00091-00032675-00032890 suffered a runaway greenhouse effect zf9IMj3grL8-00092-00032891-00033550 like Venus zf9IMj3grL8-00093-00033551-00034449 topic others by year zf9IMj3grL8-00094-00034450-00035025 topic 2006 zf9IMj3grL8-00095-00035026-00035331 to further super-earths were discovered zf9IMj3grL8-00096-00035332-00036081 in 2006 og le 200 5bl g3 900 lb with a zf9IMj3grL8-00097-00036082-00036471 mass of 5.5 earth masses which was found zf9IMj3grL8-00098-00036472-00036950 by gravitational microlensing and HD zf9IMj3grL8-00099-00036951-00037849 69830 B with a mass of 10 earth masses zf9IMj3grL8-00100-00037850-00038398 topic 2008 zf9IMj3grL8-00101-00038399-00038696 the smallest super-earth found as of zf9IMj3grL8-00102-00038697-00039160 2008 was MOA 200 seven BLG zf9IMj3grL8-00103-00039161-00039654 1 9 2 lb the planet was announced by zf9IMj3grL8-00104-00039655-00039937 astrophysicist David P Bennett for the zf9IMj3grL8-00105-00039938-00040237 International MOA collaboration On June zf9IMj3grL8-00106-00040238-00040727 2nd 2008 this planet has approximately zf9IMj3grL8-00107-00040728-00041065 3.3 Earth masses and orbits a brown zf9IMj3grL8-00108-00041066-00041482 dwarf it was detected by gravitational zf9IMj3grL8-00109-00041483-00041696 microlensing zf9IMj3grL8-00110-00041697-00042071 in June 2008 European researchers zf9IMj3grL8-00111-00042072-00042335 announced the discovery of three super zf9IMj3grL8-00112-00042336-00042383 Earths zf9IMj3grL8-00113-00042384-00042896 around the star HD 40000 307 a star that zf9IMj3grL8-00114-00042897-00043145 is only slightly less massive than our zf9IMj3grL8-00115-00043146-00043457 Sun the planets have at least the zf9IMj3grL8-00116-00043458-00043754 following minimum masses four point two zf9IMj3grL8-00117-00043755-00044054 six point seven and nine point four zf9IMj3grL8-00118-00044055-00044429 times Earth's the planets were detected zf9IMj3grL8-00119-00044430-00044681 by the radial velocity method by the zf9IMj3grL8-00120-00044682-00044996 harps high accuracy radial velocity zf9IMj3grL8-00121-00044997-00045329 planet searcher in Chile in addition the zf9IMj3grL8-00122-00045330-00045608 same european research team announced a zf9IMj3grL8-00123-00045609-00045938 planet 7.5 times the mass of Earth zf9IMj3grL8-00124-00045939-00046688 orbiting the star HD 180 1433 this star zf9IMj3grL8-00125-00046689-00046958 also has a jupiter-like planet that zf9IMj3grL8-00126-00046959-00047620 orbits every three years zf9IMj3grL8-00127-00047621-00048189 topic 2009 zf9IMj3grL8-00128-00048190-00048626 planet Koro 7b with a mass estimated at zf9IMj3grL8-00129-00048627-00048984 4.8 earth masses and an orbital period zf9IMj3grL8-00130-00048985-00049416 of only 0.85 three days was announced on zf9IMj3grL8-00131-00049417-00049878 the 3rd of February 2009 the density zf9IMj3grL8-00132-00049879-00050235 estimate obtained for Koro 7b points to zf9IMj3grL8-00133-00050236-00050520 a composition including rocky silicate zf9IMj3grL8-00134-00050521-00050766 minerals similar to the four inner zf9IMj3grL8-00135-00050767-00051051 planets of the solar system a new and zf9IMj3grL8-00136-00051052-00051251 significant discovery zf9IMj3grL8-00137-00051252-00051936 Koro 7b discovered right after HD 7920 zf9IMj3grL8-00138-00051937-00052266 4b is the first super Earth discovered zf9IMj3grL8-00139-00052266-00052548 that orbits a main-sequence star that as zf9IMj3grL8-00140-00052549-00052845 g-class are larger the discovery of zf9IMj3grL8-00141-00052846-00053307 gliese 581e with a minimum mass of 1.9 zf9IMj3grL8-00142-00053308-00053630 earth masses was announced on the 21st zf9IMj3grL8-00143-00053632-00054087 of april 2009 it was at the time the zf9IMj3grL8-00144-00054088-00054339 smallest extrasolar planet discovered zf9IMj3grL8-00145-00054340-00054648 around a normal star and the closest in zf9IMj3grL8-00146-00054649-00054969 mass to earth being at an orbital zf9IMj3grL8-00147-00054970-00055430 distance of just 0.03 astronomical units zf9IMj3grL8-00148-00055432-00055845 and orbiting its star in just 3.15 days zf9IMj3grL8-00149-00055846-00056151 it is not in the habitable zone and may zf9IMj3grL8-00150-00056152-00056445 have 100 times more tidal heating than zf9IMj3grL8-00151-00056446-00056796 Jupiter's volcanic satellite io a planet zf9IMj3grL8-00152-00056797-00057479 found in December 2009 GJ 1214b is 2.7 zf9IMj3grL8-00153-00057480-00057738 times as large as Earth and orbits a zf9IMj3grL8-00154-00057739-00058002 star much smaller and less luminous than zf9IMj3grL8-00155-00058003-00058335 our Sun this planet probably does have zf9IMj3grL8-00156-00058336-00058746 liquid water said David Charbonneau a zf9IMj3grL8-00157-00058747-00059037 Harvard professor of astronomy and lead zf9IMj3grL8-00158-00059038-00059312 author of an article on the discovery zf9IMj3grL8-00159-00059313-00059700 however interior models of this planet zf9IMj3grL8-00160-00059701-00059973 suggest that under most conditions it zf9IMj3grL8-00161-00059974-00060246 does not have liquid water by November zf9IMj3grL8-00162-00060247-00060654 2009 a total of 30 super Earths had been zf9IMj3grL8-00163-00060654-00060929 discovered 24 of which were first zf9IMj3grL8-00164-00060930-00061574 observed by harkes zf9IMj3grL8-00165-00061575-00062116 topic 2010 zf9IMj3grL8-00166-00062117-00062460 discovered on the fifth of January 2010 zf9IMj3grL8-00167-00062461-00063147 a planet HD 150 6668 B with a minimum zf9IMj3grL8-00168-00063148-00063549 mass of 4.15 earth masses is the least zf9IMj3grL8-00169-00063550-00063828 massive planet detected by the radial zf9IMj3grL8-00170-00063829-00064163 velocity method the only confirmed zf9IMj3grL8-00171-00064164-00064529 radial velocity planet than this planet zf9IMj3grL8-00172-00064530-00065037 as Gliese 581 E at 1.9 Earth masses see zf9IMj3grL8-00173-00065038-00065487 above on the 24th of August astronomers zf9IMj3grL8-00174-00065488-00065811 using esos harps instrument announced zf9IMj3grL8-00175-00065812-00066096 the discovery of a planetary system with zf9IMj3grL8-00176-00066097-00066342 up to seven planets orbiting a sun-like zf9IMj3grL8-00177-00066343-00066932 star HD 10000 181 of which although not zf9IMj3grL8-00178-00066933-00067236 yet confirmed has an estimated minimum zf9IMj3grL8-00179-00067237-00067793 mass of 1.3 5 plus or minus 0.2 3 times zf9IMj3grL8-00180-00067794-00068024 that of Earth which would be the lowest zf9IMj3grL8-00181-00068025-00068322 mass of any exoplanet found to date zf9IMj3grL8-00182-00068323-00068687 orbiting a main sequence star although zf9IMj3grL8-00183-00068688-00069023 unconfirmed there is 98.6 percent zf9IMj3grL8-00184-00069024-00069338 probability that this planet does exist zf9IMj3grL8-00185-00069339-00069581 the National Science Foundation zf9IMj3grL8-00186-00069582-00069873 announced on the 29th of September the zf9IMj3grL8-00187-00069874-00070187 discovery of a fourth super Earth Gliese zf9IMj3grL8-00188-00070188-00070668 581 grams orbiting within the Gliese 581 zf9IMj3grL8-00189-00070669-00071016 planetary system the planet has a zf9IMj3grL8-00190-00071017-00071387 minimum mass 3.1 times that of Earth and zf9IMj3grL8-00191-00071388-00071804 a nearly circular orbit at 0.14 6 zf9IMj3grL8-00192-00071805-00072225 astronomical units with a period of 36.6 zf9IMj3grL8-00193-00072226-00072293 days zf9IMj3grL8-00194-00072294-00072462 placing it in the middle of the zf9IMj3grL8-00195-00072463-00072737 habitable zone where liquid water could zf9IMj3grL8-00196-00072738-00073025 exist and midway between the planet C zf9IMj3grL8-00197-00073026-00073430 and D it was discovered using the radial zf9IMj3grL8-00198-00073431-00073704 velocity method by scientists at the zf9IMj3grL8-00199-00073705-00074024 University of California at Santa Cruz zf9IMj3grL8-00200-00074025-00074243 and the Carnegie Institution of zf9IMj3grL8-00201-00074244-00074622 Washington however the existence of zf9IMj3grL8-00202-00074623-00075021 Gliese 581 grams has been questioned by zf9IMj3grL8-00203-00075022-00075275 another team of astronomers and it is zf9IMj3grL8-00204-00075276-00075484 currently listed as unconfirmed zf9IMj3grL8-00205-00075485-00075972 that the extrasolar planets encyclopedia zf9IMj3grL8-00206-00075973-00076380 topic 2011 on the 2nd of February the zf9IMj3grL8-00207-00076381-00076654 Kepler space observatory mission team zf9IMj3grL8-00208-00076655-00077004 released a list of 12 35 extrasolar zf9IMj3grL8-00209-00077005-00077310 planet candidates including 68 zf9IMj3grL8-00210-00077311-00077590 candidates of approximately earth size zf9IMj3grL8-00211-00077591-00078126 RP super earth size 1.25 rehab 'table zf9IMj3grL8-00212-00078127-00078474 zone 6 candidates in this zone were less zf9IMj3grL8-00213-00078475-00078735 than twice the size of the earth namely zf9IMj3grL8-00214-00078736-00078997 koi three hundred twenty six point zero zf9IMj3grL8-00215-00078998-00079434 one RP equals zero point eight five koi zf9IMj3grL8-00216-00079435-00079911 701 point zero three RP equals one point zf9IMj3grL8-00217-00079912-00080405 seven three koi 268 point zero 1 RP zf9IMj3grL8-00218-00080406-00081126 equals 1.75 koi 1026 point zero one RP zf9IMj3grL8-00219-00081127-00081555 equals one point seven seven koi 850 zf9IMj3grL8-00220-00081556-00081942 four point zero one RP equals one point zf9IMj3grL8-00221-00081943-00082356 nine one koi 70 point zero three RP zf9IMj3grL8-00222-00082357-00082741 equals one point nine six Table six a zf9IMj3grL8-00223-00082742-00083004 more recent study found that one of zf9IMj3grL8-00224-00083005-00084176 these candidates koi 326.00 findings zf9IMj3grL8-00225-00084177-00084513 astronomer Seth Shostak estimates within zf9IMj3grL8-00226-00084514-00084741 a thousand light years of Earth there zf9IMj3grL8-00227-00084742-00085048 are at least 30,000 of these habitable zf9IMj3grL8-00228-00085049-00085344 worlds also based on the findings the zf9IMj3grL8-00229-00085345-00085666 kepler team has estimated at least fifty zf9IMj3grL8-00230-00085667-00085926 billion planets in the Milky Way of zf9IMj3grL8-00231-00085927-00086248 which at least 500 million are in the zf9IMj3grL8-00232-00086249-00086592 habitable zone on the 17th of august a zf9IMj3grL8-00233-00086593-00087068 potentially habitable super earth hdat zf9IMj3grL8-00234-00087069-00087456 5512 B was found using the harps as well zf9IMj3grL8-00235-00087457-00087772 as a three super earth system 82 G zf9IMj3grL8-00236-00087773-00088441 Eridani on hdat 5512 be it would be zf9IMj3grL8-00237-00088442-00088755 habitable if it exhibits more than 50% zf9IMj3grL8-00238-00088756-00088985 cloud cover zf9IMj3grL8-00239-00088986-00089273 then less than a month later a flood of zf9IMj3grL8-00240-00089274-00089663 41 new exoplanets including 10 super zf9IMj3grL8-00241-00089664-00089885 Earths were announced on the 5th of zf9IMj3grL8-00242-00089886-00090229 December 2011 the Kepler space telescope zf9IMj3grL8-00243-00090230-00090503 discovered its first planet within the zf9IMj3grL8-00244-00090504-00090806 habitable zone or Goldilocks region of zf9IMj3grL8-00245-00090807-00091319 its sun-like star Kepler 22b as 2 point zf9IMj3grL8-00246-00091320-00091583 4 times the radius of the earth and zf9IMj3grL8-00247-00091584-00091952 occupies an orbit 15% closer to its star zf9IMj3grL8-00248-00091953-00092252 than the Earth to the Sun this is zf9IMj3grL8-00249-00092253-00092582 compensated for however as the star with zf9IMj3grL8-00250-00092583-00092939 a spectral type g5 via slightly dimmer zf9IMj3grL8-00251-00092940-00093158 than the Sun g2v zf9IMj3grL8-00252-00093159-00093416 and thus the surface temperatures would zf9IMj3grL8-00253-00093417-00093641 still allow liquid water on its surface zf9IMj3grL8-00254-00093642-00094130 on the 5th of December 2011 the Kepler zf9IMj3grL8-00255-00094131-00094504 team announced that they had discovered zf9IMj3grL8-00256-00094505-00094973 2326 planetary candidates of which 207 zf9IMj3grL8-00257-00094974-00095327 are similar in size to earth 680 are zf9IMj3grL8-00258-00095328-00095875 super-earths sized 1181 are Neptune size zf9IMj3grL8-00259-00095876-00096308 203 are Jupiter sized and 55 are larger zf9IMj3grL8-00260-00096309-00096647 than Jupiter compared to the February zf9IMj3grL8-00261-00096648-00096971 2011 figures the number of Earth's size zf9IMj3grL8-00262-00096972-00097259 and super earth sized planets increased zf9IMj3grL8-00263-00097260-00097762 by 200% and 140 percent respectively zf9IMj3grL8-00264-00097763-00098156 moreover 48 planet candidates were found zf9IMj3grL8-00265-00098157-00098435 in the habitable zones of surveyed stars zf9IMj3grL8-00266-00098436-00098669 marking a decrease from the February zf9IMj3grL8-00267-00098670-00098924 figure this was due to the more zf9IMj3grL8-00268-00098925-00099185 stringent criteria in use in the zf9IMj3grL8-00269-00099186-00099704 December data on 2011 a density of 55 zf9IMj3grL8-00270-00099705-00100016 Cancri E was calculated which turned out zf9IMj3grL8-00271-00100017-00100379 to be similar to Earth's at the size of zf9IMj3grL8-00272-00100380-00100667 about 2 Earth radii it was the largest zf9IMj3grL8-00273-00100668-00100982 planet until 2014 which was determined zf9IMj3grL8-00274-00100983-00101240 to lack a significant hydrogen zf9IMj3grL8-00275-00101241-00101564 atmosphere on the 20th of December 2011 zf9IMj3grL8-00276-00101565-00101840 the Kepler team announced the discovery zf9IMj3grL8-00277-00101841-00102085 of the first earth-sized exoplanet zf9IMj3grL8-00278-00102086-00102307 kepler 20 and zf9IMj3grL8-00279-00102308-00102618 Hepler 20f orbiting a sun-like star zf9IMj3grL8-00280-00102619-00103453 kepler-22 Anat Gliese 667c flat GJ 667 C zf9IMj3grL8-00281-00103454-00103768 flat was announced by harps on the 19th zf9IMj3grL8-00282-00103769-00104188 of October 2009 together with 29 other zf9IMj3grL8-00283-00104189-00104281 planets zf9IMj3grL8-00284-00104282-00105022 while gliese 667cc GJ 667 CC was zf9IMj3grL8-00285-00105023-00105265 included in a paper published on the zf9IMj3grL8-00286-00105266-00105763 21st of November 2011 more detailed data zf9IMj3grL8-00287-00105764-00106267 on gliese 667cc were published in early zf9IMj3grL8-00288-00106268-00106933 february 2012 zf9IMj3grL8-00289-00106934-00107472 topic 2012 zf9IMj3grL8-00290-00107473-00107861 in September 2012 the discovery of two zf9IMj3grL8-00291-00107863-00108225 planets orbiting Gliese 163 was zf9IMj3grL8-00292-00108226-00108768 announced one of the planet Gliese 163 C zf9IMj3grL8-00293-00108769-00109079 about six point nine times the mass of zf9IMj3grL8-00294-00109080-00109347 Earth and somewhat hotter was considered zf9IMj3grL8-00295-00109348-00110052 to be within the habitable zone zf9IMj3grL8-00296-00110053-00110603 topic 2013 zf9IMj3grL8-00297-00110604-00111050 on the 7th of January 2013 astronomers zf9IMj3grL8-00298-00111051-00111227 from the Kepler mission Space zf9IMj3grL8-00299-00111228-00111338 Observatory zf9IMj3grL8-00300-00111339-00111685 announced the discovery of Kepler 69c zf9IMj3grL8-00301-00111686-00112214 formerly koi 170 2.02 an earthlike zf9IMj3grL8-00302-00112215-00112643 exoplanet candidate 1.5 times the radius zf9IMj3grL8-00303-00112644-00112919 of Earth orbiting a star similar to our zf9IMj3grL8-00304-00112920-00113219 Sun in the habitable zone and possibly a zf9IMj3grL8-00305-00113220-00113620 prime candidate to host alien life in zf9IMj3grL8-00306-00113621-00114032 April 2013 using observations by NASA's zf9IMj3grL8-00307-00114033-00114371 Kepler mission a team led by William zf9IMj3grL8-00308-00114372-00114455 baretsky zf9IMj3grL8-00309-00114456-00114743 of the agency's Ames Research Center zf9IMj3grL8-00310-00114744-00114989 found five planets orbiting in the zf9IMj3grL8-00311-00114990-00115333 habitable zone of a sun-like star Kepler zf9IMj3grL8-00312-00115334-00115880 62 1,200 light-years from Earth these zf9IMj3grL8-00313-00115881-00116407 new super Earths have radii of 1.3 1.4 zf9IMj3grL8-00314-00116408-00116875 1.6 and 1.9 times that of Earth zf9IMj3grL8-00315-00116876-00117122 theoretical modeling of two of these zf9IMj3grL8-00316-00117123-00117230 super Earths zf9IMj3grL8-00317-00117231-00117728 Kepler 62e and kepler-62f suggests both zf9IMj3grL8-00318-00117729-00117989 could be solid either rocky or rocky zf9IMj3grL8-00319-00117990-00118316 with frozen water on the 25th of June zf9IMj3grL8-00320-00118317-00118751 2013 three super-earth planets have been zf9IMj3grL8-00321-00118752-00119024 found orbiting a nearby star at a zf9IMj3grL8-00322-00119025-00119270 distance where life in theory could zf9IMj3grL8-00323-00119271-00119528 exist according to a record-breaking zf9IMj3grL8-00324-00119529-00119780 tally announced on Tuesday by the zf9IMj3grL8-00325-00119781-00120143 European Southern Observatory they are zf9IMj3grL8-00326-00120144-00120404 part of a cluster of as many as seven zf9IMj3grL8-00327-00120405-00120815 planets that circle Gliese 667c zf9IMj3grL8-00328-00120816-00121145 one of three stars located a relatively zf9IMj3grL8-00329-00121146-00121435 close 22 light-years from Earth in the zf9IMj3grL8-00330-00121436-00121658 constellation of Scorpio zf9IMj3grL8-00331-00121658-00122219 it said the planet's orbit Gliese 667c zf9IMj3grL8-00332-00122220-00122508 in the so called Goldilocks zone a zf9IMj3grL8-00333-00122509-00122768 distance from the star at which the zf9IMj3grL8-00334-00122769-00123029 temperature is just right for water to zf9IMj3grL8-00335-00123030-00123305 exist in liquid form rather than being zf9IMj3grL8-00336-00123306-00123581 stripped away by stellar radiation or zf9IMj3grL8-00337-00123582-00124258 locked permanently in ice zf9IMj3grL8-00338-00124259-00124821 topic 2014 zf9IMj3grL8-00339-00124822-00125195 in May 2014 previously discovered zf9IMj3grL8-00340-00125196-00125501 kepler-10c was determined to have the zf9IMj3grL8-00341-00125502-00125804 mass comparable to Neptune 17 earth zf9IMj3grL8-00342-00125805-00126306 masses with the radius of 2.35 it is zf9IMj3grL8-00343-00126307-00126543 currently the largest known planet zf9IMj3grL8-00344-00126544-00126773 likely to have a predominantly rocky zf9IMj3grL8-00345-00126774-00127208 composition at 17 Earth masses it as zf9IMj3grL8-00346-00127209-00127494 well above the 10 earth mass upper limit zf9IMj3grL8-00347-00127495-00127787 that is commonly used for the term super zf9IMj3grL8-00348-00127788-00128027 earth so the term mega earth has been zf9IMj3grL8-00349-00128028-00128534 proposed however in July 2017 more zf9IMj3grL8-00350-00128535-00128823 careful analysis of harps and and hires zf9IMj3grL8-00351-00128824-00129152 data showed that kepler-10c was much zf9IMj3grL8-00352-00129153-00129381 less massive than originally thought zf9IMj3grL8-00353-00129382-00129669 instead around seven point three seven zf9IMj3grL8-00354-00129670-00129962 six point one eight to eight point six zf9IMj3grL8-00355-00129963-00130431 nine M with a mean density of 3.14 grams zf9IMj3grL8-00356-00130432-00130856 per CC instead of a primarily rocky zf9IMj3grL8-00357-00130857-00131078 composition the more accurately zf9IMj3grL8-00358-00131079-00131448 determined mass of kepler-10c suggests a zf9IMj3grL8-00359-00131449-00131738 world made almost entirely of volatiles zf9IMj3grL8-00360-00131739-00132048 mainly water zf9IMj3grL8-00361-00132049-00132510 topic 2015 on the 6th of January 2015 zf9IMj3grL8-00362-00132511-00132873 NASA announced a 1,000 confirmed zf9IMj3grL8-00363-00132874-00133177 exoplanet discovered by the Kepler space zf9IMj3grL8-00364-00133178-00133520 telescope three of the newly confirmed zf9IMj3grL8-00365-00133521-00133786 exoplanets were found to orbit within zf9IMj3grL8-00366-00133787-00134096 habitable zones of their related stars zf9IMj3grL8-00367-00134097-00134577 two of the three Kepler 438 B and Kepler zf9IMj3grL8-00368-00134578-00134933 442 B are near Earth size and likely zf9IMj3grL8-00369-00134934-00135409 rocky the third Kepler 440 B is a super zf9IMj3grL8-00370-00135410-00135746 earth on the 30th of July 2015 zf9IMj3grL8-00371-00135747-00136015 astronomy and astrophysics said they zf9IMj3grL8-00372-00136016-00136268 found a planetary system with three zf9IMj3grL8-00373-00136269-00136516 super Earths orbiting a bright dwarf zf9IMj3grL8-00374-00136517-00137083 star the four planet system dubbed HD zf9IMj3grL8-00375-00137084-00137500 219,000 134 had been found 21 zf9IMj3grL8-00376-00137501-00137773 light-years from Earth in the M shaped zf9IMj3grL8-00377-00137774-00138028 northern hemisphere of constellation zf9IMj3grL8-00378-00138029-00138265 Cassiopeia but it is not in the zf9IMj3grL8-00379-00138266-00138586 habitable zone of its star the planet zf9IMj3grL8-00380-00138587-00139134 with the shortest orbit is HD 219,000 zf9IMj3grL8-00381-00139135-00139501 134 B and as Earth's closest known rocky zf9IMj3grL8-00382-00139502-00140228 and transiting exoplanet zf9IMj3grL8-00383-00140229-00140797 topic 2016 zf9IMj3grL8-00384-00140798-00141187 in February 2016 it was announced that zf9IMj3grL8-00385-00141188-00141453 nasa's hubble space telescope had zf9IMj3grL8-00386-00141454-00141689 detected hydrogen and helium and zf9IMj3grL8-00387-00141690-00142021 suggestions of hydrogen cyanide but no zf9IMj3grL8-00388-00142022-00142360 water vapor in the atmosphere of 55 zf9IMj3grL8-00389-00142361-00142687 Cancri E the first time the atmosphere zf9IMj3grL8-00390-00142688-00142991 of a super-earth exoplanet was analysed zf9IMj3grL8-00391-00142992-00143398 successfully in August 2016 astronomers zf9IMj3grL8-00392-00143399-00143691 announced the detection of Proxima B an zf9IMj3grL8-00393-00143692-00143971 earth-sized exoplanet that is in the zf9IMj3grL8-00394-00143972-00144244 habitable zone of the red dwarf star zf9IMj3grL8-00395-00144245-00144574 Proxima Centauri the closest star to the zf9IMj3grL8-00396-00144575-00144883 Sun due to its closeness to earth zf9IMj3grL8-00397-00144884-00145266 Proxima B may be a flyby destination for zf9IMj3grL8-00398-00145267-00145485 a fleet of interstellar starship zf9IMj3grL8-00399-00145486-00145771 spacecrafts currently being developed by zf9IMj3grL8-00400-00145772-00146481 the breakthrough starshot project zf9IMj3grL8-00401-00146482-00147031 topic 2018 zf9IMj3grL8-00402-00147032-00147715 in February 2018 k2 141 be a rocky ultra zf9IMj3grL8-00403-00147716-00148099 short period planet USP super earth with zf9IMj3grL8-00404-00148100-00148501 a period of 0.28 days orbiting the host zf9IMj3grL8-00405-00148502-00149110 star k2 141 epic 246 million three zf9IMj3grL8-00406-00149111-00149326 hundred ninety three thousand four zf9IMj3grL8-00407-00149327-00149604 hundred seventy four was reported zf9IMj3grL8-00408-00149605-00150112 another super-earth k2 150 5d is zf9IMj3grL8-00409-00150113-00150418 discovered in July 2018 zf9IMj3grL8-00410-00150419-00150715 the discovery of 40 Eridani B was zf9IMj3grL8-00411-00150716-00151120 announced at 16 light-years it has the zf9IMj3grL8-00412-00151121-00151405 closest super earth known and its star zf9IMj3grL8-00413-00151406-00151678 as the second brightest hosting a super zf9IMj3grL8-00414-00151679-00152246 earth zf9IMj3grL8-00415-00152247-00152849 topic solar system zf9IMj3grL8-00416-00152850-00153209 the solar system contains no known super zf9IMj3grL8-00417-00153210-00153427 Earths because earth as the largest zf9IMj3grL8-00418-00153428-00153668 terrestrial planet in the solar system zf9IMj3grL8-00419-00153669-00153940 and all larger planets have both at zf9IMj3grL8-00420-00153941-00154193 least fourteen times the mass of earth zf9IMj3grL8-00421-00154194-00154457 and thick gaseous atmospheres without zf9IMj3grL8-00422-00154458-00154772 well-defined rocky or watery surfaces zf9IMj3grL8-00423-00154773-00155036 that is they are either gas giants or zf9IMj3grL8-00424-00155037-00155413 ice giants not terrestrial planets in zf9IMj3grL8-00425-00155414-00155798 January 2016 the existence of a zf9IMj3grL8-00426-00155799-00156095 hypothetical super earth ninth planet in zf9IMj3grL8-00427-00156096-00156383 the solar system referred to as Planet zf9IMj3grL8-00428-00156384-00156691 nine was proposed as an explanation for zf9IMj3grL8-00429-00156692-00156875 the orbital behavior of six zf9IMj3grL8-00430-00156876-00157151 trans-neptunian objects but it is zf9IMj3grL8-00431-00157152-00157441 speculated also be an ice giant like zf9IMj3grL8-00432-00157442-00158136 Uranus or Neptune zf9IMj3grL8-00433-00158137-00159104 topic characteristics zf9IMj3grL8-00434-00159105-00159808 topic density and bulk composition zf9IMj3grL8-00435-00159809-00160084 due to the larger mass of super Earths zf9IMj3grL8-00436-00160085-00160342 their physical characteristics may zf9IMj3grL8-00437-00160343-00160606 differ from Earth's theoretical models zf9IMj3grL8-00438-00160607-00160903 for super Earths provide for possible zf9IMj3grL8-00439-00160904-00161143 main compositions according to their zf9IMj3grL8-00440-00161144-00161425 density low density super Earths are zf9IMj3grL8-00441-00161426-00161644 inferred to be composed mainly of zf9IMj3grL8-00442-00161645-00162004 hydrogen and helium many Neptune's super zf9IMj3grL8-00443-00162005-00162223 Earths of intermediate density are zf9IMj3grL8-00444-00162224-00162490 inferred to either have water as a major zf9IMj3grL8-00445-00162491-00162772 constituent ocean planets or have a zf9IMj3grL8-00446-00162773-00162988 denser core and shrouded with an zf9IMj3grL8-00447-00162989-00163315 extended gaseous envelope gas dwarf or zf9IMj3grL8-00448-00163316-00163657 sub neptune a super earth of high zf9IMj3grL8-00449-00163658-00163957 density is believed to be rocky and/or zf9IMj3grL8-00450-00163958-00164151 metallic like earth and the other zf9IMj3grL8-00451-00164152-00164395 terrestrial planets of the solar system zf9IMj3grL8-00452-00164396-00164761 a super Earth's interior could be zf9IMj3grL8-00453-00164762-00165448 indifferent Olay errs of different zf9IMj3grL8-00454-00165449-00165793 composition researchers at Harvard zf9IMj3grL8-00455-00165794-00166035 Astronomy Department have developed zf9IMj3grL8-00456-00166036-00166264 user-friendly online tools to zf9IMj3grL8-00457-00166265-00166528 characterize the bulk composition of the zf9IMj3grL8-00458-00166529-00166621 super Earths zf9IMj3grL8-00459-00166622-00167146 a study on Gliese 876 D by a team around zf9IMj3grL8-00460-00167147-00167464 Diana Valencia revealed that it would be zf9IMj3grL8-00461-00167465-00167734 possible to infer from a radius measured zf9IMj3grL8-00462-00167735-00167968 by the transit method of detecting zf9IMj3grL8-00463-00167969-00168214 planets and the mass of the relevant zf9IMj3grL8-00464-00168215-00168409 planet what the structural composition zf9IMj3grL8-00465-00168410-00169051 us for Gliese 876 D calculations range zf9IMj3grL8-00466-00169052-00169492 from 9200 kilometres one point for Earth zf9IMj3grL8-00467-00169493-00169807 radii for a rocky planet and very large zf9IMj3grL8-00468-00169808-00170320 iron core to 12,500 kilometers 2.0 Earth zf9IMj3grL8-00469-00170321-00170743 radii for a watery and icy planet within zf9IMj3grL8-00470-00170744-00171010 this range of radii the super earth zf9IMj3grL8-00471-00171011-00171385 Gliese 876 D would have a surface zf9IMj3grL8-00472-00171386-00171880 gravity between 1.9 grams and 3.3 grams zf9IMj3grL8-00473-00171881-00172275 19 and 32 metres per square second zf9IMj3grL8-00474-00172276-00172594 however this planet is not known to zf9IMj3grL8-00475-00172595-00172870 transit its host star zf9IMj3grL8-00476-00172871-00173154 the limit between rocky planets and zf9IMj3grL8-00477-00173155-00173427 planets with a thick gaseous envelope as zf9IMj3grL8-00478-00173428-00173784 calculated with theoretical models zf9IMj3grL8-00479-00173785-00174087 calculating the effect of the ActiveX U zf9IMj3grL8-00480-00174088-00174462 V saturation phase of g-type stars over zf9IMj3grL8-00481-00174463-00174660 the loss of the primitive nebula zf9IMj3grL8-00482-00174661-00174900 captured hydrogen envelopes in zf9IMj3grL8-00483-00174901-00175179 extrasolar planet it's obtained that zf9IMj3grL8-00484-00175180-00175428 planets with a core mass of more than zf9IMj3grL8-00485-00175429-00175929 1.5 earth mass 1.15 earth radius max zf9IMj3grL8-00486-00175930-00176199 most likely cannot get rid of their zf9IMj3grL8-00487-00176200-00176448 nebula captured hydrogen envelopes zf9IMj3grL8-00488-00176449-00176757 during their whole lifetime other zf9IMj3grL8-00489-00176758-00177015 calculations point out that the limit zf9IMj3grL8-00490-00177016-00177300 between envelope free rocky super Earths zf9IMj3grL8-00491-00177301-00177721 and sub Neptune's as around 1.75 Earth zf9IMj3grL8-00492-00177722-00178018 radii as 2 Earth radii would be the zf9IMj3grL8-00493-00178019-00178290 upper limit to be rocky a planet with zf9IMj3grL8-00494-00178291-00178602 two Earth radii and 5 earth masses with zf9IMj3grL8-00495-00178603-00178866 a mean earth-like core composition would zf9IMj3grL8-00496-00178867-00179148 imply that one two hundredth of its mass zf9IMj3grL8-00497-00179149-00179427 would be an H key envelope with an zf9IMj3grL8-00498-00179428-00179746 atmospheric pressure near to 2.0 Giga zf9IMj3grL8-00499-00179747-00180048 Pascal's or 20000 bars zf9IMj3grL8-00500-00180049-00180343 whether or not the primitive nebula zf9IMj3grL8-00501-00180344-00180639 captured H key envelope of a super earth zf9IMj3grL8-00502-00180640-00180934 as entirely lost after formation also zf9IMj3grL8-00503-00180935-00181311 depends on the orbital distance for zf9IMj3grL8-00504-00181312-00181577 example formation and evolution zf9IMj3grL8-00505-00181578-00181894 calculations of the Kepler 11 planetary zf9IMj3grL8-00506-00181895-00182134 system showed that the two innermost zf9IMj3grL8-00507-00182135-00182460 planets Kepler 11 B and C whose zf9IMj3grL8-00508-00182461-00182773 calculated mass as approximately equals zf9IMj3grL8-00509-00182774-00183160 to M in between approximately equals 5 & zf9IMj3grL8-00510-00183161-00183414 6 M respectively which are within zf9IMj3grL8-00511-00183415-00183654 measurement errors are extremely zf9IMj3grL8-00512-00183655-00183972 vulnerable to envelope loss in zf9IMj3grL8-00513-00183973-00184270 particular the complete removal of the zf9IMj3grL8-00514-00184271-00184575 primordial h-he envelope by energetic zf9IMj3grL8-00515-00184576-00184821 stellar photons appears almost zf9IMj3grL8-00516-00184822-00185148 inevitable in the case of Kepler 11 be zf9IMj3grL8-00517-00185149-00185460 regardless of its formation hypothesis zf9IMj3grL8-00518-00185461-00185754 if a super earth is detectable by both zf9IMj3grL8-00519-00185755-00186007 the radial velocity and the transit zf9IMj3grL8-00520-00186008-00186171 methods then both its zf9IMj3grL8-00521-00186172-00186420 mass and it's radius can be determined zf9IMj3grL8-00522-00186421-00186666 thus its average bulk density can be zf9IMj3grL8-00523-00186667-00187019 calculated the actual empirical zf9IMj3grL8-00524-00187020-00187308 observations are giving similar results zf9IMj3grL8-00525-00187309-00187590 as theoretical models as it's found that zf9IMj3grL8-00526-00187591-00187860 planets larger than approximately one zf9IMj3grL8-00527-00187861-00188157 point six earth radius more massive than zf9IMj3grL8-00528-00188158-00188454 approximately six Earth masses contain zf9IMj3grL8-00529-00188455-00188742 significant fractions of volatile Zoar H zf9IMj3grL8-00530-00188743-00189024 key gas such planets appear to have a zf9IMj3grL8-00531-00189025-00189294 diversity of compositions that is not zf9IMj3grL8-00532-00189295-00189579 well explained by a single mass radius zf9IMj3grL8-00533-00189580-00189932 relation as that found in rocky planets zf9IMj3grL8-00534-00189933-00190329 after measuring 65 super earth smaller zf9IMj3grL8-00535-00190330-00190635 than four Earth radii the empirical data zf9IMj3grL8-00536-00190636-00190917 points out that gas Dwarfs would be the zf9IMj3grL8-00537-00190918-00191208 most usual composition there is a trend zf9IMj3grL8-00538-00191209-00191586 where planets with radii up to 1.5 Earth zf9IMj3grL8-00539-00191587-00191832 radii increase in density with zf9IMj3grL8-00540-00191833-00192216 increasing radius but above 1.5 radii zf9IMj3grL8-00541-00192217-00192501 the average planet density rapidly zf9IMj3grL8-00542-00192502-00192728 decreases with increasing radius zf9IMj3grL8-00543-00192729-00192963 indicating that these planets have a zf9IMj3grL8-00544-00192964-00193245 large fraction of volatile by volume zf9IMj3grL8-00545-00193246-00193662 overlying a rocky core similar results zf9IMj3grL8-00546-00193663-00193959 are confirmed by other studies another zf9IMj3grL8-00547-00193960-00194286 discovery about exoplanets composition zf9IMj3grL8-00548-00194287-00194574 is that about the gap or rarity observed zf9IMj3grL8-00549-00194575-00194988 for planets between 1.5 to 2.0 Earth zf9IMj3grL8-00550-00194989-00195290 radii which is explained by a bimodal zf9IMj3grL8-00551-00195291-00195600 formation of planets rocky super-earths zf9IMj3grL8-00552-00195601-00196026 below 1.75 and sub Neptune's with thick zf9IMj3grL8-00553-00196027-00196319 gas envelopes being above such radii zf9IMj3grL8-00554-00196320-00196641 additional studies conducted with lasers zf9IMj3grL8-00555-00196642-00196794 at the Lawrence Livermore National zf9IMj3grL8-00556-00196795-00197133 Laboratory and at the Omega laboratory zf9IMj3grL8-00557-00197134-00197403 at the University of Rochester showed zf9IMj3grL8-00558-00197404-00197658 that the magnesium silicate internal zf9IMj3grL8-00559-00197659-00197862 regions of the planet would undergo zf9IMj3grL8-00560-00197863-00198090 phase changes under the immense zf9IMj3grL8-00561-00198091-00198294 pressures and temperatures of a zf9IMj3grL8-00562-00198295-00198489 super-earth planet and that the zf9IMj3grL8-00563-00198490-00198677 different phases of this liquid zf9IMj3grL8-00564-00198678-00198969 magnesium silicate would separate into zf9IMj3grL8-00565-00198970-00199540 layers zf9IMj3grL8-00566-00199541-00200182 topic geologic activity zf9IMj3grL8-00567-00200183-00200521 further theoretical work by Valencia and zf9IMj3grL8-00568-00200522-00200787 other suggests that super-earths would zf9IMj3grL8-00569-00200788-00201048 be more geologically active than earth zf9IMj3grL8-00570-00201049-00201334 with more vigorous plate tectonics due zf9IMj3grL8-00571-00201335-00201635 to thinner plates under more stress in zf9IMj3grL8-00572-00201636-00201978 fact their models suggested that earth zf9IMj3grL8-00573-00201979-00202440 was itself a borderline case just barely zf9IMj3grL8-00574-00202441-00202751 large enough to sustain plate tectonics zf9IMj3grL8-00575-00202752-00203071 however other studies determined that zf9IMj3grL8-00576-00203072-00203325 strong convection currents in the mantle zf9IMj3grL8-00577-00203326-00203589 acting on strong gravity would make the zf9IMj3grL8-00578-00203590-00203847 crust stronger and thus inhibit plate zf9IMj3grL8-00579-00203848-00204210 tectonics the planet's surface would be zf9IMj3grL8-00580-00204211-00204489 too strong for the forces of magma to zf9IMj3grL8-00581-00204490-00205192 break the crust into plates zf9IMj3grL8-00582-00205192-00205738 topic evolution zf9IMj3grL8-00583-00205739-00206017 new research suggests that the rocky zf9IMj3grL8-00584-00206019-00206299 centers of super Earths are unlikely to zf9IMj3grL8-00585-00206300-00206599 evolve into terrestrial rocky planets zf9IMj3grL8-00586-00206600-00206779 like the inner planets of the solar zf9IMj3grL8-00587-00206780-00207079 system because they appear to hold on to zf9IMj3grL8-00588-00207080-00207409 their large atmospheres rather than zf9IMj3grL8-00589-00207410-00207685 evolving to a planet composed mainly of zf9IMj3grL8-00590-00207686-00207973 rock with a thin atmosphere the small zf9IMj3grL8-00591-00207974-00208271 rocky core remains engulfed by its large zf9IMj3grL8-00592-00208271-00208558 hydrogen rich envelope theoretical zf9IMj3grL8-00593-00208559-00208825 models show that hot Jupiters and hot zf9IMj3grL8-00594-00208826-00209131 Neptune's can evolve by hydrodynamic zf9IMj3grL8-00595-00209132-00209356 loss of their atmospheres too many zf9IMj3grL8-00596-00209357-00209611 Neptune's as it could be the super earth zf9IMj3grL8-00597-00209612-00210103 GJ 1214b or even too rocky planets known zf9IMj3grL8-00598-00210104-00210376 as cathode e'en planets after migrating zf9IMj3grL8-00599-00210377-00210628 towards the proximity of their parent zf9IMj3grL8-00600-00210629-00210979 star the amount of the outermost layers zf9IMj3grL8-00601-00210980-00211265 that is lost depends on the size and the zf9IMj3grL8-00602-00211266-00211523 material of the planet and the distance zf9IMj3grL8-00603-00211523-00211913 from the star in a typical system a gas zf9IMj3grL8-00604-00211914-00212387 giant orbiting 0.02 astronomical units zf9IMj3grL8-00605-00212388-00212731 around its parent star loses 5 to 7 zf9IMj3grL8-00606-00212732-00212966 percent of its mass during its lifetime zf9IMj3grL8-00607-00212967-00213432 but orbiting closer than 0.01 5 zf9IMj3grL8-00608-00213433-00213733 astronomical units can mean evaporation zf9IMj3grL8-00609-00213734-00213982 of the whole planet except for its core zf9IMj3grL8-00610-00213983-00214214 the low densities inferred from zf9IMj3grL8-00611-00214215-00214501 observations implied that a fraction of zf9IMj3grL8-00612-00214502-00214712 the super earth population has zf9IMj3grL8-00613-00214713-00215029 substantial H he envelopes which may zf9IMj3grL8-00614-00215030-00215284 have been even more massive soon after zf9IMj3grL8-00615-00215285-00215659 formation therefore contrary to the zf9IMj3grL8-00616-00215660-00215884 terrestrial planets of the solar system zf9IMj3grL8-00617-00215885-00216167 these super Earths must have formed zf9IMj3grL8-00618-00216167-00216444 during the gas phase of their progenitor zf9IMj3grL8-00619-00216446-00217125 protoplanetary disk zf9IMj3grL8-00620-00217126-00217677 topic temperatures zf9IMj3grL8-00621-00217678-00217989 since the atmospheres albedo and zf9IMj3grL8-00622-00217990-00218244 greenhouse effects of super-earths are zf9IMj3grL8-00623-00218244-00218508 unknown the surface temperatures are zf9IMj3grL8-00624-00218509-00218736 unknown and generally only an zf9IMj3grL8-00625-00218737-00219090 equilibrium temperature is given for zf9IMj3grL8-00626-00219091-00219381 example the black body temperature of zf9IMj3grL8-00627-00219382-00219858 the earth as 255 point 3 K minus 18 zf9IMj3grL8-00628-00219859-00220107 degrees Celsius or zero degrees zf9IMj3grL8-00629-00220108-00220488 Fahrenheit it has the greenhouse gases zf9IMj3grL8-00630-00220489-00220791 that keep the earth warmer venus has a zf9IMj3grL8-00631-00220792-00221217 black body temperature of only 184 point zf9IMj3grL8-00632-00221217-00221666 2 K minus 89 degrees Celsius or minus zf9IMj3grL8-00633-00221667-00221934 128 degrees Fahrenheit zf9IMj3grL8-00634-00221935-00222165 even though Venus has a true temperature zf9IMj3grL8-00635-00222166-00222933 of 737 K 464 degrees Celsius or 867 zf9IMj3grL8-00636-00222934-00223287 degrees Fahrenheit though the atmosphere zf9IMj3grL8-00637-00223288-00223533 of Venus traps more heat than Earth's zf9IMj3grL8-00638-00223534-00223857 NASA lists the black body temperature of zf9IMj3grL8-00639-00223858-00224130 Venus based on the fact that Venus has zf9IMj3grL8-00640-00224131-00224555 an extremely high albedo bond albedo zf9IMj3grL8-00641-00224556-00225144 0.90 visual geometric albedo 0.67 giving zf9IMj3grL8-00642-00225144-00225408 it a lower black body temperature than zf9IMj3grL8-00643-00225409-00226205 the more absorbent lower albedo earth zf9IMj3grL8-00644-00226206-00226798 topic magnetic field zf9IMj3grL8-00645-00226798-00227109 Earth's magnetic field results from its zf9IMj3grL8-00646-00227110-00227373 flowing liquid metallic core but in zf9IMj3grL8-00647-00227375-00227623 super Earths the mass can produce high zf9IMj3grL8-00648-00227623-00227878 pressures with large viscosity x' and zf9IMj3grL8-00649-00227879-00228103 high melting temperatures which could zf9IMj3grL8-00650-00228104-00228348 prevent the interiors from separating zf9IMj3grL8-00651-00228350-00228621 into different layers and so result in zf9IMj3grL8-00652-00228623-00228930 indifference zf9IMj3grL8-00653-00228931-00229294 magnesium oxide which is rocky on earth zf9IMj3grL8-00654-00229294-00229548 can be a liquid metal at the pressures zf9IMj3grL8-00655-00229550-00229794 and temperatures found in super Earths zf9IMj3grL8-00656-00229796-00230067 and could generate a magnetic field in zf9IMj3grL8-00657-00230069-00230271 the mantles of super Earths zf9IMj3grL8-00658-00230271-00230641 that said super earth magnetic fields zf9IMj3grL8-00659-00230642-00231419 are yet to be detected observational ii zf9IMj3grL8-00660-00231419-00231991 topic habitability zf9IMj3grL8-00661-00231992-00232337 according to one hypothesis super-earths zf9IMj3grL8-00662-00232338-00232571 of about two earth masses may be zf9IMj3grL8-00663-00232571-00232921 conducive to life the higher surface zf9IMj3grL8-00664-00232923-00233128 gravity would lead to a thicker zf9IMj3grL8-00665-00233129-00233455 atmosphere increased surface erosion and zf9IMj3grL8-00666-00233456-00233776 hence a flatter topography the end zf9IMj3grL8-00667-00233777-00234127 result could be in our capella go planet zf9IMj3grL8-00668-00234128-00234442 of shallow oceans dotted with island zf9IMj3grL8-00669-00234444-00234776 chains ideally suited for biodiversity a zf9IMj3grL8-00670-00234777-00235081 more massive planet of two earth masses zf9IMj3grL8-00671-00235082-00235369 would also retain more heat within its zf9IMj3grL8-00672-00235371-00235660 interior from its initial formation much zf9IMj3grL8-00673-00235661-00235978 longer sustaining plate tectonics which zf9IMj3grL8-00674-00235979-00236276 is vital for regulating the carbon cycle zf9IMj3grL8-00675-00236277-00236600 and hence the climate for longer the zf9IMj3grL8-00676-00236601-00236902 thicker atmosphere and stronger magnetic zf9IMj3grL8-00677-00236903-00237151 field would also shield life on the zf9IMj3grL8-00678-00237152-00237979 surface against harmful cosmic rays zf9IMj3grL8-00679-00237980-00238565 topic see also zf9IMj3grL8-00680-00238566-00238851 earth analog another planet with zf9IMj3grL8-00681-00238852-00239110 environmental conditions similar to zf9IMj3grL8-00682-00239111-00239457 those found on the planet Earth zf9IMj3grL8-00683-00239458-00239819 extraterrestrial liquid water hot zf9IMj3grL8-00684-00239819-00240116 neptune a type of giant planet with a zf9IMj3grL8-00685-00240117-00240367 mass similar to that of Uranus or zf9IMj3grL8-00686-00240369-00240799 Neptune orbiting close to its star list zf9IMj3grL8-00687-00240800-00241048 of nearest terrestrial exoplanet zf9IMj3grL8-00688-00241050-00241407 candidates sub Earth a planet zf9IMj3grL8-00689-00241408-00241684 significantly less massive than Earth or zf9IMj3grL8-00690-00241685-00241930 Venus zfxdv0vsWHU-00000-00000479-00000678 hmm i think i'll read the youtube zfxdv0vsWHU-00001-00000679-00000911 comment this time drink judah it might zfxdv0vsWHU-00002-00000911-00001166 be jetta right i just realized that if zfxdv0vsWHU-00003-00001167-00001399 you say violente very fast it just zfxdv0vsWHU-00004-00001400-00001630 sounds like violate maybe it's that zfxdv0vsWHU-00005-00001632-00001879 maybe violente just wants a latte huh zfxdv0vsWHU-00006-00001880-00002102 maybe i do zfxdv0vsWHU-00007-00002103-00002326 nope yeah oh there's more to this zfxdv0vsWHU-00008-00002327-00002550 comment please mention this comment in a zfxdv0vsWHU-00009-00002551-00002767 video wow you didn't just swallow your zfxdv0vsWHU-00010-00002768-00002983 pride you took it out back and shot it zfxdv0vsWHU-00011-00002984-00003206 but you know what good for you humility zfxdv0vsWHU-00012-00003207-00003390 is an underrated trait zfxdv0vsWHU-00013-00003392-00003631 yeah i hate coffee here you can have it zfxdv0vsWHU-00014-00003632-00003903 italian zfxdv0vsWHU-00015-00003904-00004199 wow zfxdv0vsWHU-00016-00004200-00004422 keep it up dude you've almost earned an zfxdv0vsWHU-00017-00004423-00004748 extra play zgQLB6MXKfk-00000-00000017-00000356 the Green Party of Canada ran a full zgQLB6MXKfk-00001-00000357-00000773 slate of 308 candidates in the 2006 zgQLB6MXKfk-00002-00000774-00001127 Canadian federal election some of these zgQLB6MXKfk-00003-00001128-00001439 candidates have separate biography pages zgQLB6MXKfk-00004-00001440-00001648 relevant information about other zgQLB6MXKfk-00005-00001650-00001991 candidates may be found here the zgQLB6MXKfk-00006-00001992-00002240 candidates are listed by province and zgQLB6MXKfk-00007-00002241-00002442 riding name zgQLB6MXKfk-00008-00002443-00002809 you zgQLB6MXKfk-00009-00002810-00003468 topic Prince Edward Island zgQLB6MXKfk-00010-00003469-00003808 you zgQLB6MXKfk-00011-00003809-00004571 topic Sharyn lab chuck Malpeque she zgQLB6MXKfk-00012-00004572-00004835 previously ran for the Green Party in zgQLB6MXKfk-00013-00004836-00005174 the 2004 federal election also in zgQLB6MXKfk-00014-00005175-00005438 Malpeque but lost to Wayne Easter of the zgQLB6MXKfk-00015-00005439-00005753 Liberal Party of Canada lab chuck zgQLB6MXKfk-00016-00005754-00006161 received 1037 votes to Easter's nine zgQLB6MXKfk-00017-00006162-00006938 thousand seven hundred and eighty-two zgQLB6MXKfk-00018-00006939-00007863 topic Nova Scotia zgQLB6MXKfk-00019-00007864-00008264 topic Chris mil van Sydney zgQLB6MXKfk-00020-00008265-00008971 Victoria mil van is a physician he was zgQLB6MXKfk-00021-00008972-00009324 born in Sydney Cape Breton Island Nova zgQLB6MXKfk-00022-00009325-00009585 Scotia and trained in emergency and zgQLB6MXKfk-00023-00009586-00009849 family medicine at Queen's University in zgQLB6MXKfk-00024-00009850-00010294 Kingston Ontario he held several medical zgQLB6MXKfk-00025-00010295-00010507 positions in and around the Kingston zgQLB6MXKfk-00026-00010508-00010804 area after graduating including a stint zgQLB6MXKfk-00027-00010805-00011068 as a clinic doctor in Lansdowne after zgQLB6MXKfk-00028-00011069-00011313 the small community lost its previous zgQLB6MXKfk-00029-00011314-00011846 doctor kws the 22nd of November 2000 zgQLB6MXKfk-00030-00011847-00012177 Milburn is also a skilled athlete and zgQLB6MXKfk-00031-00012178-00012510 has participated in several triathlons zgQLB6MXKfk-00032-00012511-00012789 he was a member of the Kingston Whig zgQLB6MXKfk-00033-00012790-00013069 standards community editorial board in zgQLB6MXKfk-00034-00013069-00013336 the late 1990s and frequently zgQLB6MXKfk-00035-00013337-00013725 contributed to its columns kws the 11th zgQLB6MXKfk-00036-00013726-00014191 of October 2000 Milburn joined the Green zgQLB6MXKfk-00037-00014191-00014506 Party shortly before the 2000 federal zgQLB6MXKfk-00038-00014507-00014743 election and campaigned in the Ontario zgQLB6MXKfk-00039-00014744-00015121 Riding of Kingston and the islands he zgQLB6MXKfk-00040-00015122-00015355 emphasised health issues and wrote zgQLB6MXKfk-00041-00015356-00015544 against the privatization of zgQLB6MXKfk-00042-00015544-00015888 prescription medicine kws the 1st of zgQLB6MXKfk-00043-00015890-00016575 November 2000 he received 2652 votes zgQLB6MXKfk-00044-00016576-00016947 5.1 8% the best showing for a green zgQLB6MXKfk-00045-00016948-00017262 candidate outside of British Columbia zgQLB6MXKfk-00046-00017263-00017584 Milburn defeated Fred peril to win the zgQLB6MXKfk-00047-00017585-00017866 Green Party of Ontario nomination for zgQLB6MXKfk-00048-00017867-00018163 Kingston and the islands in the 2003 zgQLB6MXKfk-00049-00018164-00018517 provincial election kws the 9th of zgQLB6MXKfk-00050-00018518-00018871 October 2002 but left for a job in New zgQLB6MXKfk-00051-00018872-00019161 Brunswick shortly before the campaign zgQLB6MXKfk-00052-00019162-00019648 kws the 8th of September 2003 zgQLB6MXKfk-00053-00019649-00020026 at the time of the 2004 election mill zgQLB6MXKfk-00054-00020027-00020263 van was a physician with the emergency zgQLB6MXKfk-00055-00020264-00020548 unit at Cape Breton Regional Hospital zgQLB6MXKfk-00056-00020549-00021067 Medical Post the 15th of June 2004 he zgQLB6MXKfk-00057-00021068-00021331 had recently purchased the historic site zgQLB6MXKfk-00058-00021332-00021577 of the old city hospital where he zgQLB6MXKfk-00059-00021578-00021916 planned to build a green neighborhood he zgQLB6MXKfk-00060-00021917-00022165 was 34 years old one zgQLB6MXKfk-00061-00022166-00022474 he received 855 votes zgQLB6MXKfk-00062-00022475-00023005 finishing fourth as of 2005 Milburn is zgQLB6MXKfk-00063-00023006-00023826 the GP sees health care advocate to zgQLB6MXKfk-00064-00023827-00024648 topic Nick right Halifax Nick right ran zgQLB6MXKfk-00065-00024649-00025008 in the Halifax riding and received 1948 zgQLB6MXKfk-00066-00025009-00025359 votes 3.9 percent of the popular vote in zgQLB6MXKfk-00067-00025360-00025674 a riding dominated by longtime NDP zgQLB6MXKfk-00068-00025675-00026376 candidate Alexa McDonough zgQLB6MXKfk-00069-00026377-00027245 topic we're back zgQLB6MXKfk-00070-00027245-00027702 topic Adams's AMA Feld long a Pierre zgQLB6MXKfk-00071-00027702-00028335 Bouchet Zama Feld is both a young zgQLB6MXKfk-00072-00028336-00028605 politician and a veteran environmental zgQLB6MXKfk-00073-00028606-00028929 activist while in high school he started zgQLB6MXKfk-00074-00028930-00029202 the leaf Lisgar Environmental Action zgQLB6MXKfk-00075-00029202-00029529 Force organization and affiliated it zgQLB6MXKfk-00076-00029530-00029864 with the Sierra youth coalition he was zgQLB6MXKfk-00077-00029866-00030198 also active with the OPI RG affiliated zgQLB6MXKfk-00078-00030199-00030435 group and viro action while attending zgQLB6MXKfk-00079-00030436-00030762 the University of Ottawa 3 he holds a zgQLB6MXKfk-00080-00030763-00030964 Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from zgQLB6MXKfk-00081-00030966-00031455 Concordia University in Montreal for he zgQLB6MXKfk-00082-00031456-00031770 joined the Green Party of Canada in 2000 zgQLB6MXKfk-00083-00031770-00032025 at age 18 and campaigned under its zgQLB6MXKfk-00084-00032026-00032349 banner in the 2000 federal election 5 zgQLB6MXKfk-00085-00032350-00032694 the 2006 campaign was his third for the zgQLB6MXKfk-00086-00032695-00033277 party zgQLB6MXKfk-00087-00033278-00034205 topic Ontario zgQLB6MXKfk-00088-00034206-00035009 topic features East York Jim Harris zgQLB6MXKfk-00089-00035010-00035267 Jim Harris was the leader of the Green zgQLB6MXKfk-00090-00035268-00036127 Party of Canada topic Brampton zgQLB6MXKfk-00091-00036128-00036836 Springdale Ian Raymond cheo cheo cheo zgQLB6MXKfk-00092-00036837-00037073 cheo holds a Bachelor of Business zgQLB6MXKfk-00093-00037074-00037286 Administration degree from Brock zgQLB6MXKfk-00094-00037287-00037535 University and completed a two-year zgQLB6MXKfk-00095-00037536-00037766 management training program with a zgQLB6MXKfk-00096-00037767-00038171 fortune 500 company six he was assistant zgQLB6MXKfk-00097-00038172-00038435 manager of the Brock University pub and zgQLB6MXKfk-00098-00038436-00038747 as of 2006 is the co-owner of a zgQLB6MXKfk-00099-00038748-00039050 landscaping business seven he received zgQLB6MXKfk-00100-00039051-00039278 one thousand eight hundred and fifty zgQLB6MXKfk-00101-00039279-00039488 three votes three point nine three zgQLB6MXKfk-00102-00039489-00039794 percent finishing fourth against liberal zgQLB6MXKfk-00103-00039795-00040456 income burned ruby dolla zgQLB6MXKfk-00104-00040457-00041239 topic brant Adam king Adam King was born zgQLB6MXKfk-00105-00041240-00041602 in London Ontario he spent most of his zgQLB6MXKfk-00106-00041603-00041815 childhood and teenage years in zgQLB6MXKfk-00107-00041816-00042085 Bangladesh where his family worked for a zgQLB6MXKfk-00108-00042086-00042358 Baptist non-governmental organization zgQLB6MXKfk-00109-00042359-00042592 and he became interested in social zgQLB6MXKfk-00110-00042593-00042940 issues at an early age king's family zgQLB6MXKfk-00111-00042941-00043303 returned to Canada in 1999 and he later zgQLB6MXKfk-00112-00043304-00043519 took a Bachelor of Arts degree in zgQLB6MXKfk-00113-00043520-00043881 political science from York University zgQLB6MXKfk-00114-00043882-00044458 2007 he was 23 years old during the 2006 zgQLB6MXKfk-00115-00044459-00044710 campaign King has also run for the zgQLB6MXKfk-00116-00044711-00045061 Brantford City Council he served on the zgQLB6MXKfk-00117-00045062-00045292 city of Brantford Heritage Committee zgQLB6MXKfk-00118-00045293-00045610 Planning Department and cultural network zgQLB6MXKfk-00119-00045611-00046222 from 2006 to 2008 and in 2007 he started zgQLB6MXKfk-00120-00046223-00046881 an ethical coffee chain zgQLB6MXKfk-00121-00046882-00047395 topic bruce gray owen sound zgQLB6MXKfk-00122-00047396-00048031 shane jolly shame jolly ran the most zgQLB6MXKfk-00123-00048032-00048339 successful Green Party campaign in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00124-00048340-00049030 2006 election zgQLB6MXKfk-00125-00049031-00049492 topic Carlton Mississippi Mills Jake zgQLB6MXKfk-00126-00049493-00049880 Cole zgQLB6MXKfk-00127-00049881-00050186 Jake Cole has lived in Kanata with his zgQLB6MXKfk-00128-00050187-00050536 wife and two children for over 28 years zgQLB6MXKfk-00129-00050537-00050807 he is an active member of the local zgQLB6MXKfk-00130-00050808-00051077 community volunteering with the scouts zgQLB6MXKfk-00131-00051078-00051389 Canada Canada branch the Canadian Mental zgQLB6MXKfk-00132-00051390-00051629 Health Association the Earl of March zgQLB6MXKfk-00133-00051629-00051895 secondary school parents council and zgQLB6MXKfk-00134-00051896-00052177 coaching community baseball soccer and zgQLB6MXKfk-00135-00052178-00052571 hockey educated as a civil engineer in zgQLB6MXKfk-00136-00052572-00052855 Ottawa Jake has spent more than 30 years zgQLB6MXKfk-00137-00052857-00053069 working as a public servant for the zgQLB6MXKfk-00138-00053070-00053426 federal government in that time he has zgQLB6MXKfk-00139-00053427-00053641 led the Canadian contingent on the zgQLB6MXKfk-00140-00053642-00053915 International Energy agency's projects zgQLB6MXKfk-00141-00053916-00054311 in solar wind and renewable energy he zgQLB6MXKfk-00142-00054312-00054635 also led Canada's our 2000 home energy zgQLB6MXKfk-00143-00054636-00054914 program created and led a unique health zgQLB6MXKfk-00144-00054915-00055190 and well-being program for 11,000 zgQLB6MXKfk-00145-00055191-00055432 federal employees and currently manages zgQLB6MXKfk-00146-00055433-00055688 the Canadian Coast Guard's environmental zgQLB6MXKfk-00147-00055689-00055848 program zgQLB6MXKfk-00148-00055849-00056172 as a long-standing community member jake zgQLB6MXKfk-00149-00056173-00056403 has been very active in a variety of zgQLB6MXKfk-00150-00056404-00056627 campaigns and grassroots political zgQLB6MXKfk-00151-00056628-00056985 movements in 1990 zgQLB6MXKfk-00152-00056986-00057213 Jake Cole helped form the first Green zgQLB6MXKfk-00153-00057214-00057597 Party of Canada chapter in Kanata Jake zgQLB6MXKfk-00154-00057598-00057840 has been an active campaigner against zgQLB6MXKfk-00155-00057841-00058116 cosmetic pesticides use on lawns and zgQLB6MXKfk-00156-00058117-00058497 playing fields Jake is the communication zgQLB6MXKfk-00157-00058498-00058760 adviser for the Canadian organic growers zgQLB6MXKfk-00158-00058761-00059091 Jake made submissions to the Kirby and zgQLB6MXKfk-00159-00059092-00059358 Romanow health Commission's Jake zgQLB6MXKfk-00160-00059359-00059583 actively campaigns for health promotion zgQLB6MXKfk-00161-00059584-00060185 programs zgQLB6MXKfk-00162-00060186-00060995 topic Eglinton Lawrence Patrick Metzger zgQLB6MXKfk-00163-00060996-00061247 Metzger holds an honours Bachelor of zgQLB6MXKfk-00164-00061248-00061441 Arts degree in French and English zgQLB6MXKfk-00165-00061442-00061673 literature from the University of zgQLB6MXKfk-00166-00061674-00061919 Western Ontario and the master of zgQLB6MXKfk-00167-00061920-00062153 business administration from the Richard zgQLB6MXKfk-00168-00062154-00062329 Ivey School of Business zgQLB6MXKfk-00169-00062329-00062660 he worked 15 years in the banking and zgQLB6MXKfk-00170-00062661-00062944 brokerage industry including experience zgQLB6MXKfk-00171-00062945-00063163 with Merrill Lynch in Hong Kong eight zgQLB6MXKfk-00172-00063164-00063554 after returning to Canada in 2001 he zgQLB6MXKfk-00173-00063554-00063785 changed careers and became a writer and zgQLB6MXKfk-00174-00063786-00064073 television producer nine his credits zgQLB6MXKfk-00175-00064074-00064499 include karma trekkers world of wealth zgQLB6MXKfk-00176-00064500-00065009 and picture this ten he received two zgQLB6MXKfk-00177-00065010-00065234 thousand five hundred and twenty votes zgQLB6MXKfk-00178-00065235-00065549 five point one two percent finishing zgQLB6MXKfk-00179-00065550-00065765 fourth against liberal incumbent Joe zgQLB6MXKfk-00180-00065766-00066339 Volpe zgQLB6MXKfk-00181-00066340-00067076 topic Etobicoke lakeshore philip bridge zgQLB6MXKfk-00182-00067077-00067347 philip ridged ran against michael zgQLB6MXKfk-00183-00067348-00067607 ignatieff who later became the leader of zgQLB6MXKfk-00184-00067608-00067986 the Liberal Party philip comes from a zgQLB6MXKfk-00185-00067987-00068235 diverse background of engineering and zgQLB6MXKfk-00186-00068236-00068448 marketing and currently owns Ridge zgQLB6MXKfk-00187-00068449-00068967 Energy Consultants Inc wwhd and the zgQLB6MXKfk-00188-00068968-00069597 energy store wwws energy story a Philip zgQLB6MXKfk-00189-00069598-00069867 successfully increased Green Party votes zgQLB6MXKfk-00190-00069868-00070260 by a high percentage his main thrust was zgQLB6MXKfk-00191-00070261-00070488 educating the voters on the amount of zgQLB6MXKfk-00192-00070489-00070731 toxins produced in the riding the zgQLB6MXKfk-00193-00070732-00071379 highest in Toronto zgQLB6MXKfk-00194-00071380-00071917 topic halliburton kawar the lakes brock zgQLB6MXKfk-00195-00071918-00072562 andy hajj allah handy hajj allah was zgQLB6MXKfk-00196-00072563-00072850 born in finland and moved to Ontario as zgQLB6MXKfk-00197-00072851-00073225 a child he has a diploma in forestry zgQLB6MXKfk-00198-00073226-00073495 from Lakehead University in Thunder Bay zgQLB6MXKfk-00199-00073496-00073747 and a master's degree in forestry from zgQLB6MXKfk-00200-00073748-00074146 Colorado State University he moved to zgQLB6MXKfk-00201-00074147-00074605 cavern Ontario in 1988 rajala worked for zgQLB6MXKfk-00202-00074606-00074782 the Ontario Ministry of Natural zgQLB6MXKfk-00203-00074783-00075118 Resources for 27 years accepting zgQLB6MXKfk-00204-00075119-00075376 retirement when Mike Harris's government zgQLB6MXKfk-00205-00075377-00075609 made cutbacks to the Department zgQLB6MXKfk-00206-00075610-00075976 he has coordinated the establishment and zgQLB6MXKfk-00207-00075977-00076240 operations of provincial parks and done zgQLB6MXKfk-00208-00076241-00076777 landscape work in 2006 he was a director zgQLB6MXKfk-00209-00076778-00076969 of the Victoria lands and water zgQLB6MXKfk-00210-00076970-00077221 stewardship council and the oten B zgQLB6MXKfk-00211-00077222-00077623 Conservation Foundation he was 63 years zgQLB6MXKfk-00212-00077624-00077878 old when he was nominated as a Green zgQLB6MXKfk-00213-00077879-00078259 Party candidate in 2005 he was a member zgQLB6MXKfk-00214-00078260-00078529 of the Conservative Party of Canada and zgQLB6MXKfk-00215-00078530-00078742 its antecedents before joining the zgQLB6MXKfk-00216-00078743-00079159 Greens himself a gun owner he supported zgQLB6MXKfk-00217-00079160-00079446 the Canadian firearms registry in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00218-00079447-00079989 2006 election saying if they are stolen zgQLB6MXKfk-00219-00079990-00080572 I'd like them returned after the 2006 zgQLB6MXKfk-00220-00080573-00080848 federal election modular said that he zgQLB6MXKfk-00221-00080849-00081175 would not seek federal office again he zgQLB6MXKfk-00222-00081176-00081559 ran for a council seat in cavern in 2006 zgQLB6MXKfk-00223-00081560-00081871 and 2010 finishing a close second both zgQLB6MXKfk-00224-00081872-00082461 times zgQLB6MXKfk-00225-00082462-00083219 topic Hamilton Center John Livingston zgQLB6MXKfk-00226-00083220-00083550 Livingston was born in Hamilton he is a zgQLB6MXKfk-00227-00083551-00083877 22 year veteran of the Canadian Army and zgQLB6MXKfk-00228-00083878-00084105 has served overseas in Germany in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00229-00084106-00084399 Golan Heights where he saw two tours of zgQLB6MXKfk-00230-00084400-00084581 duty with the United Nations zgQLB6MXKfk-00231-00084582-00085014 disengagement observer force he was 52 zgQLB6MXKfk-00232-00085015-00085266 years old at the time of the election zgQLB6MXKfk-00233-00085267-00085545 and was Operations Director for a local zgQLB6MXKfk-00234-00085546-00085734 branch of the Canadian Corps of zgQLB6MXKfk-00235-00085735-00086007 commissionnaire's 11 before joining the zgQLB6MXKfk-00236-00086008-00086256 Green Party he volunteered for the zgQLB6MXKfk-00237-00086257-00086592 Liberals Hamilton Spectator the 13th of zgQLB6MXKfk-00238-00086593-00087333 January 2006 he received 2022 votes 4.2 zgQLB6MXKfk-00239-00087334-00087450 3% zgQLB6MXKfk-00240-00087451-00087690 finishing fourth against New Democratic zgQLB6MXKfk-00241-00087691-00088462 Party incumbent David Christofferson zgQLB6MXKfk-00242-00088463-00088826 topic kingston and the islands eric zgQLB6MXKfk-00243-00088827-00089468 Walton Walton was born in Ottawa and zgQLB6MXKfk-00244-00089469-00089711 grew up in the Middle East Asia and zgQLB6MXKfk-00245-00089712-00089780 Europe zgQLB6MXKfk-00246-00089781-00090056 Kingston wait standard the 21st of zgQLB6MXKfk-00247-00090057-00090500 January 2006 he received an honours zgQLB6MXKfk-00248-00090501-00090701 Bachelor of Arts degree in political zgQLB6MXKfk-00249-00090702-00091147 studies from Queen's University in 1983 zgQLB6MXKfk-00250-00091148-00091475 he is a co-founder of Odyssey travel and zgQLB6MXKfk-00251-00091476-00091756 Lockett Inc both of which he later sold zgQLB6MXKfk-00252-00091757-00092221 in 1992 he co-produced and directed zgQLB6MXKfk-00253-00092222-00092563 ancient futures learning from Ladakh zgQLB6MXKfk-00254-00092564-00092995 filmed on site in northern India 12 zgQLB6MXKfk-00255-00092996-00093332 Walton was the part-time agency director zgQLB6MXKfk-00256-00093333-00093521 of the Kingston Environmental Action zgQLB6MXKfk-00257-00093522-00094130 project from 1986 to 1994 kws the 7th of zgQLB6MXKfk-00258-00094131-00094514 January 2006 and was active in community zgQLB6MXKfk-00259-00094515-00094811 affairs he helped to relaunch the zgQLB6MXKfk-00260-00094812-00095080 Kingston branch of the Green Party in zgQLB6MXKfk-00261-00095081-00095657 1992 kws the 23rd of November 1992 and zgQLB6MXKfk-00262-00095658-00095882 was drafted to campaign for the Green zgQLB6MXKfk-00263-00095883-00096287 Party of Ontario in 2003 when designated zgQLB6MXKfk-00264-00096288-00096545 candidate Chris Milburn moved to Nova zgQLB6MXKfk-00265-00096546-00097052 Scotia Walton won the 2006 GPC zgQLB6MXKfk-00266-00097053-00097388 nomination in late 2004 over George zgQLB6MXKfk-00267-00097389-00097604 Clarke and Queens law student zgQLB6MXKfk-00268-00097605-00098069 Danny gold kws the 10th of November 2004 zgQLB6MXKfk-00269-00098070-00098387 he was endorsed by the Kingston Whig zgQLB6MXKfk-00270-00098388-00098639 standard newspaper during the campaign zgQLB6MXKfk-00271-00098640-00099329 the 21st of January 2006 as of 2007 he zgQLB6MXKfk-00272-00099330-00099532 is the business manager of a medical zgQLB6MXKfk-00273-00099533-00099746 clinic and the Green Party of Canada zgQLB6MXKfk-00274-00099747-00100019 Shadow Cabinet advocate critic for zgQLB6MXKfk-00275-00100020-00100713 industry and entrepreneurship zgQLB6MXKfk-00276-00100714-00101431 topic Kitchener center Tony Mars zgQLB6MXKfk-00277-00101432-00101763 Tony maths was the federal Green Party zgQLB6MXKfk-00278-00101764-00101963 candidate for the Kitchener Center zgQLB6MXKfk-00279-00101964-00102244 electoral district in Ontario in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00280-00102245-00102758 2006 elections he received 5.6 percent zgQLB6MXKfk-00281-00102759-00102978 of the vote in two thousand eight zgQLB6MXKfk-00282-00102979-00103241 hundred and twenty two of fifty thousand zgQLB6MXKfk-00283-00103242-00104006 one hundred and ninety four votes cast zgQLB6MXKfk-00284-00104007-00104531 topic lana k-- Frontenac Lennox and zgQLB6MXKfk-00285-00104532-00105238 Addington Mike Nickerson Nickerson born zgQLB6MXKfk-00286-00105239-00105546 1951 is a longtime environmental zgQLB6MXKfk-00287-00105547-00105902 activist he was a co-director of the zgQLB6MXKfk-00288-00105903-00106127 Institute for the Study of cultural zgQLB6MXKfk-00289-00106128-00106436 evolution in the 1970s and helped zgQLB6MXKfk-00290-00106437-00106676 produce its guideposts for a sustainable zgQLB6MXKfk-00291-00106677-00107307 future in 1974 in 1977 the background zgQLB6MXKfk-00292-00107308-00107558 studies which led to the guideposts were zgQLB6MXKfk-00293-00107559-00107796 published as changed the world I want to zgQLB6MXKfk-00294-00107797-00108147 stay on he was a founding member of the zgQLB6MXKfk-00295-00108148-00108488 Green Party of Canada in 1983 and zgQLB6MXKfk-00296-00108489-00108800 campaigned under its banner in the 1984 zgQLB6MXKfk-00297-00108801-00109127 federal election his mother Betty zgQLB6MXKfk-00298-00109128-00109422 Nickerson was the first ever GPC zgQLB6MXKfk-00299-00109423-00109802 candidate in a 1983 vile action Ottawa zgQLB6MXKfk-00300-00109803-00110306 Citizen the second of January 2006 in zgQLB6MXKfk-00301-00110307-00110643 1988 he spoke out against the proposed zgQLB6MXKfk-00302-00110644-00110891 Canada United States free trade zgQLB6MXKfk-00303-00110892-00111207 agreement Toronto Star the 19th of zgQLB6MXKfk-00304-00111208-00111701 November 1988 he completed production of zgQLB6MXKfk-00305-00111702-00111935 the guideposts for a sustainable future zgQLB6MXKfk-00306-00111936-00112310 video in 1990 and published his second zgQLB6MXKfk-00307-00112311-00112636 book planning for seven generations in zgQLB6MXKfk-00308-00112637-00113039 1993 13 he is near completion of a third zgQLB6MXKfk-00309-00113040-00113327 book entitled life money and illusion zgQLB6MXKfk-00310-00113328-00113594 and has composed several articles on zgQLB6MXKfk-00311-00113595-00113945 environmentalism and economics 14 in zgQLB6MXKfk-00312-00113946-00114096 2001 zgQLB6MXKfk-00313-00114097-00114318 Nickerson collaborated with Liberal zgQLB6MXKfk-00314-00114319-00114554 Member of Parliament Joe Jordan to zgQLB6MXKfk-00315-00114555-00114785 create the Canada well-being measurement zgQLB6MXKfk-00316-00114786-00115124 act Kingston wake standards the 21st of zgQLB6MXKfk-00317-00115125-00115428 February 2001 zgQLB6MXKfk-00318-00115429-00115800 in 2002 he wrote an article criticizing zgQLB6MXKfk-00319-00115801-00116064 the provincial government of Ernie eves zgQLB6MXKfk-00320-00116065-00116405 for imposing a freeze on hydro rates zgQLB6MXKfk-00321-00116406-00116697 nickerson supported the energy policies zgQLB6MXKfk-00322-00116698-00116898 of the previous government of Mike zgQLB6MXKfk-00323-00116899-00117134 Harris which he argued encouraged zgQLB6MXKfk-00324-00117135-00117429 conservation by forcing consumers to pay zgQLB6MXKfk-00325-00117430-00117819 higher rates fifteen Nickerson is a zgQLB6MXKfk-00326-00117820-00118404 woodworker in private life 16 topic zgQLB6MXKfk-00327-00118405-00118740 leads Granville David Lee David Lee was zgQLB6MXKfk-00328-00118741-00119234 born on February 18 1968 David was zgQLB6MXKfk-00329-00119235-00119471 raised in Barry in Peterborough Ontario zgQLB6MXKfk-00330-00119472-00119802 where he served as an infantry scout and zgQLB6MXKfk-00331-00119803-00120165 later still 17 as a squad leader in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00332-00120166-00120390 Hastings and Prince Edward mechanized zgQLB6MXKfk-00333-00120391-00120734 infantry regiment he then put himself zgQLB6MXKfk-00334-00120735-00120908 through school as a door-to-door zgQLB6MXKfk-00335-00120909-00121218 salesman earning a VA in literature zgQLB6MXKfk-00336-00121219-00121508 history and critical theory from Trent zgQLB6MXKfk-00337-00121509-00121926 University after graduation he travelled zgQLB6MXKfk-00338-00121927-00122196 and then became a tradesman at the age zgQLB6MXKfk-00339-00122197-00122517 of 26 David spent a year with two zgQLB6MXKfk-00340-00122518-00122757 friends deep in the woods of the Smoky zgQLB6MXKfk-00341-00122758-00123003 Mountains of northern Georgia building a zgQLB6MXKfk-00342-00123004-00123260 log cabin from scratch living off the zgQLB6MXKfk-00343-00123261-00123519 land without electricity and farming zgQLB6MXKfk-00344-00123520-00123855 it's adjacent field upon his return zgQLB6MXKfk-00345-00123856-00124167 David and a diploma in script writing zgQLB6MXKfk-00346-00124168-00124484 from Algonquin College his first zgQLB6MXKfk-00347-00124485-00124811 screenplay the autobiographical story of zgQLB6MXKfk-00348-00124813-00125022 two young men who embark on an adventure zgQLB6MXKfk-00349-00125023-00125301 filled road trip in search of JD zgQLB6MXKfk-00350-00125302-00125838 Salinger was optioned by CTV in 1999 zgQLB6MXKfk-00351-00125839-00126063 David was a government conference zgQLB6MXKfk-00352-00126064-00126372 reporter a screenwriter and a semi-pro zgQLB6MXKfk-00353-00126373-00126734 lacrosse player in a preseason and pre zgQLB6MXKfk-00354-00126735-00127058 contract insurance game David's lower zgQLB6MXKfk-00355-00127059-00127419 back was permanently damaged after his zgQLB6MXKfk-00356-00127420-00127692 surgery he returned to school to earn an zgQLB6MXKfk-00357-00127693-00128103 MA in political science David has lived zgQLB6MXKfk-00358-00128104-00128379 all over North America before settling zgQLB6MXKfk-00359-00128380-00128631 in Nepean Carlton on a farm south of zgQLB6MXKfk-00360-00128632-00128752 Ottawa in the mid zgQLB6MXKfk-00361-00128753-00129332 1990s since 2001 david has done contract zgQLB6MXKfk-00362-00129333-00129615 work for several government ministries zgQLB6MXKfk-00363-00129616-00129903 most recently he has worked as a zgQLB6MXKfk-00364-00129904-00130147 communications officer covering Russia zgQLB6MXKfk-00365-00130148-00130418 and the Iraq war for the Department of zgQLB6MXKfk-00366-00130419-00130723 Foreign Affairs when David was zgQLB6MXKfk-00367-00130724-00130960 recovering from his surgeries he taught zgQLB6MXKfk-00368-00130961-00131266 himself how to sing play harmonica and zgQLB6MXKfk-00369-00131267-00131653 sketch he has replaced athletics and zgQLB6MXKfk-00370-00131654-00131878 camping with political philosophy and zgQLB6MXKfk-00371-00131879-00132184 analysis songwriting and other indoor zgQLB6MXKfk-00372-00132185-00132550 intellectual and artistic pursuits he zgQLB6MXKfk-00373-00132551-00132747 also volunteers for moderate zgQLB6MXKfk-00374-00132748-00132997 environmental groups disability zgQLB6MXKfk-00375-00132998-00133273 advocates and his Church where he sings zgQLB6MXKfk-00376-00133274-00133374 in the choir zgQLB6MXKfk-00377-00133375-00133696 he is currently writing his first novel zgQLB6MXKfk-00378-00133697-00134089 in 2005 david rebuilt the leads zgQLB6MXKfk-00379-00134090-00134308 Grenville federal Green Party zgQLB6MXKfk-00380-00134309-00134584 Association and won the nomination for zgQLB6MXKfk-00381-00134585-00135032 the 2006 election a rookie in parachute zgQLB6MXKfk-00382-00135033-00135316 candidate he still managed a top 40 zgQLB6MXKfk-00383-00135317-00135715 result increasing his party's 2004 vote zgQLB6MXKfk-00384-00135716-00136063 by over 40% zgQLB6MXKfk-00385-00136064-00136409 you zgQLB6MXKfk-00386-00136410-00137257 topic Nepean Carlton Laurie gods Allah zgQLB6MXKfk-00387-00137258-00137515 she is a businesswoman from manitech zgQLB6MXKfk-00388-00137516-00137758 Ontario having lived there for 10 years zgQLB6MXKfk-00389-00137759-00138019 and previously lived in Gloucester zgQLB6MXKfk-00390-00138020-00138463 Ontario a graduate of Algonquin College zgQLB6MXKfk-00391-00138464-00138754 Lori runs her own private company South zgQLB6MXKfk-00392-00138755-00139030 River Partners a technology marketing zgQLB6MXKfk-00393-00139031-00139393 writing and communications firm she has zgQLB6MXKfk-00394-00139394-00139681 previously worked for Cisco Systems zgQLB6MXKfk-00395-00139682-00140088 Nokia Alcatel and Gandalf technologies zgQLB6MXKfk-00396-00140089-00140368 Lori and her husband have received zgQLB6MXKfk-00397-00140369-00140560 honorable mentions from the Rideau zgQLB6MXKfk-00398-00140561-00140848 Valley Conservation Authority and Laurie zgQLB6MXKfk-00399-00140849-00141097 is a brownie leader in her hometown in zgQLB6MXKfk-00400-00141098-00141522 addition to other community activities zgQLB6MXKfk-00401-00141523-00142132 campaign website riding profile Lori's zgQLB6MXKfk-00402-00142133-00142600 blog zgQLB6MXKfk-00403-00142601-00143388 topic new market Aurora Glenn hovers zgQLB6MXKfk-00404-00143389-00143671 Glenn hovers is a professional engineer zgQLB6MXKfk-00405-00143672-00143956 and project manager who has been working zgQLB6MXKfk-00406-00143957-00144334 in the energy industry since 1989 after zgQLB6MXKfk-00407-00144335-00144631 graduating from McMaster University with zgQLB6MXKfk-00408-00144632-00144954 a Bachelor of engineering Glenn was zgQLB6MXKfk-00409-00144955-00145224 instrumental in founding the Newmarket zgQLB6MXKfk-00410-00145225-00145578 Aurora federal Green Party Association zgQLB6MXKfk-00411-00145579-00146164 17 in 2005 the 39th Canadian general zgQLB6MXKfk-00412-00146165-00146422 election was Glen's first time running zgQLB6MXKfk-00413-00146423-00146574 for federal office zgQLB6MXKfk-00414-00146575-00146872 Glenn earned four point seven four zgQLB6MXKfk-00415-00146873-00147133 percent of the popular vote placing zgQLB6MXKfk-00416-00147134-00147366 fourth to Liberal incumbent Belinda zgQLB6MXKfk-00417-00147367-00147653 Stronach Glenn won the nomination zgQLB6MXKfk-00418-00147654-00148084 contest in 2007 and earned 8.2 percent zgQLB6MXKfk-00419-00148085-00148414 of the popular vote in the 40th Canadian zgQLB6MXKfk-00420-00148415-00148771 general election Glen maintains a zgQLB6MXKfk-00421-00148772-00149098 personal blog which can be found at HTTP zgQLB6MXKfk-00422-00149099-00149738 colon slash slash wwr CA zgQLB6MXKfk-00423-00149739-00150122 Newmarket Aurora federal Green Party zgQLB6MXKfk-00424-00150123-00150341 Association zgQLB6MXKfk-00425-00150342-00151013 Glenn's blog federal election results zgQLB6MXKfk-00426-00151014-00151840 topic ah - a West knee peon Neela dare zgQLB6MXKfk-00427-00151841-00152167 Adair is a businessman chemist and web zgQLB6MXKfk-00428-00152168-00152488 designer raised in Ottawa he attended zgQLB6MXKfk-00429-00152489-00152728 Carleton University and worked for eight zgQLB6MXKfk-00430-00152729-00152950 years at the Canadian conservation zgQLB6MXKfk-00431-00152951-00153307 Institute as an analytical chemist he zgQLB6MXKfk-00432-00153308-00153526 then worked for Vickers instruments for zgQLB6MXKfk-00433-00153527-00153775 four years including three years in zgQLB6MXKfk-00434-00153776-00154159 Santa Clara California desiring a change zgQLB6MXKfk-00435-00154160-00154396 in life he moved to the Dominican zgQLB6MXKfk-00436-00154397-00154579 Republic to begin a wind surfing zgQLB6MXKfk-00437-00154580-00154951 business he remained in that country for zgQLB6MXKfk-00438-00154952-00155227 ten years starting three businesses and zgQLB6MXKfk-00439-00155228-00155575 one charity his wind surfing business zgQLB6MXKfk-00440-00155576-00155833 was operated by solar panels and a wind zgQLB6MXKfk-00441-00155834-00156256 generator eighteen Adair returned to zgQLB6MXKfk-00442-00156257-00156598 Ottawa in 2001 and expressed an interest zgQLB6MXKfk-00443-00156599-00156928 in working with solar and wind power 19 zgQLB6MXKfk-00444-00156929-00157183 since then he has undertaken extensive zgQLB6MXKfk-00445-00157184-00157558 web design work for the Green Party 20 zgQLB6MXKfk-00446-00157559-00157783 Adair has campaigned for the federal zgQLB6MXKfk-00447-00157784-00158008 party twice and has also been a zgQLB6MXKfk-00448-00158009-00158781 candidate of the Green Party of Ontario zgQLB6MXKfk-00449-00158782-00159505 topic Peterborough brentwood brentwood zgQLB6MXKfk-00450-00159506-00159841 born in burlington ontario he has a zgQLB6MXKfk-00451-00159842-00160060 Bachelor of Arts degree from the zgQLB6MXKfk-00452-00160061-00160327 University of Guelph a Master of Arts zgQLB6MXKfk-00453-00160328-00160621 degree from Trent University and a PhD zgQLB6MXKfk-00454-00160622-00161038 from the University of Toronto he has zgQLB6MXKfk-00455-00161039-00161323 taught English at Toronto and Trent with zgQLB6MXKfk-00456-00161324-00161614 a focus on Canadian writers and has also zgQLB6MXKfk-00457-00161615-00161881 served on the Executive of the Canadian zgQLB6MXKfk-00458-00161882-00162346 Union of public employees local 3908 at zgQLB6MXKfk-00459-00162347-00162805 Trent in 2004 he was a member of Peter zgQLB6MXKfk-00460-00162806-00163159 Burruss Parks and Recreation board he zgQLB6MXKfk-00461-00163160-00163434 ran for the Peterborough City Council in zgQLB6MXKfk-00462-00163435-00163783 2003 opposing the extension of a local zgQLB6MXKfk-00463-00163784-00164085 Parkway he has been a Green Party zgQLB6MXKfk-00464-00164086-00164828 candidate in two federal elections zgQLB6MXKfk-00465-00164829-00165569 topic Richmond Hill Tim red cones zgQLB6MXKfk-00466-00165570-00166786 Tim Rudkin 'he's one 2379 votes for 57% zgQLB6MXKfk-00467-00166787-00167555 topic st. Catharines Jim Fannin C zgQLB6MXKfk-00468-00167556-00168485 article on Jim Fannin topic Simcoe gray zgQLB6MXKfk-00469-00168486-00169169 Peter Alliss ellis is a businessman and zgQLB6MXKfk-00470-00169170-00169412 teacher he holds a Master of Science zgQLB6MXKfk-00471-00169413-00169679 degree from McGill University in zgQLB6MXKfk-00472-00169680-00169997 Montreal began his career as a biology zgQLB6MXKfk-00473-00169998-00170252 teacher and was a school principal for zgQLB6MXKfk-00474-00170253-00170456 two years at Baffin Island in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00475-00170457-00170801 Northwest Territories Alice has been zgQLB6MXKfk-00476-00170802-00171044 president of peachtree manufacturing zgQLB6MXKfk-00477-00171045-00171398 limited in 1986 and has served on the zgQLB6MXKfk-00478-00171399-00171749 CNIB simcoe-muskoka District Board in zgQLB6MXKfk-00479-00171750-00171965 the Halton Regional Conservation zgQLB6MXKfk-00480-00171966-00172520 Authority 2122 he first campaigned for zgQLB6MXKfk-00481-00172521-00172858 the Green Party in Simcoe Gray in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00482-00172859-00173529 2004 election zgQLB6MXKfk-00483-00173530-00173895 topic scarborough southwest valerie zgQLB6MXKfk-00484-00173896-00174299 Phillip zgQLB6MXKfk-00485-00174300-00174575 Philip is a graduate of the marketing zgQLB6MXKfk-00486-00174576-00174782 and business program at Seneca College zgQLB6MXKfk-00487-00174783-00175031 and worked for a number of years in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00488-00175032-00175162 corporate world zgQLB6MXKfk-00489-00175163-00175514 she is now an aromatherapist treating zgQLB6MXKfk-00490-00175515-00175729 patients with AIDS and other serious zgQLB6MXKfk-00491-00175730-00176474 diseases 23 she received 1827 votes four zgQLB6MXKfk-00492-00176475-00176704 point three eight percent finishing zgQLB6MXKfk-00493-00176705-00176921 fourth against liberal incumbent Tom zgQLB6MXKfk-00494-00176922-00177472 waffle zgQLB6MXKfk-00495-00177473-00177880 topic scarborough guild weird Mike zgQLB6MXKfk-00496-00177881-00178314 Flanagan zgQLB6MXKfk-00497-00178315-00178618 Flanigan is a graduate of the University zgQLB6MXKfk-00498-00178619-00178864 of Waterloo with a degree in psychology zgQLB6MXKfk-00499-00178865-00179110 and minors both in history and zgQLB6MXKfk-00500-00179111-00179664 criminology legal studies he received zgQLB6MXKfk-00501-00179665-00180013 1235 votes three percent finishing zgQLB6MXKfk-00502-00180014-00180238 fourth against liberal incumbent john zgQLB6MXKfk-00503-00180239-00180628 mckay politician he currently serves as zgQLB6MXKfk-00504-00180629-00180894 a director for the Toronto vegetarian zgQLB6MXKfk-00505-00180895-00181672 association topic Sudbury zgQLB6MXKfk-00506-00181673-00182121 Joey Maffei zgQLB6MXKfk-00507-00182122-00182421 Joey masse was 18 years old at the time zgQLB6MXKfk-00508-00182422-00182652 of the election and was in his first zgQLB6MXKfk-00509-00182653-00182898 year of public relations studies at zgQLB6MXKfk-00510-00182899-00183243 Cambrian college he is bilingual in zgQLB6MXKfk-00511-00183244-00183459 English and French and has promoted zgQLB6MXKfk-00512-00183460-00183768 youth events focused on franco-ontarian zgQLB6MXKfk-00513-00183769-00184143 culture during the election he described zgQLB6MXKfk-00514-00184144-00184394 Pierre Trudeau as his favorite Canadian zgQLB6MXKfk-00515-00184395-00185061 politician he received 1301 votes 2.73 zgQLB6MXKfk-00516-00185062-00185355 percent finishing fourth against liberal zgQLB6MXKfk-00517-00185356-00186028 incumbent Dianne Marlowe zgQLB6MXKfk-00518-00186029-00186723 topic Thornhill Lloyd Helfer tea zgQLB6MXKfk-00519-00186724-00187113 loyd hell fatty was born in 1972 in zgQLB6MXKfk-00520-00187114-00187328 windsor and grew up in Richmond Hill zgQLB6MXKfk-00521-00187329-00187584 where he lived until moving to Thornhill zgQLB6MXKfk-00522-00187585-00187820 in December 2003 zgQLB6MXKfk-00523-00187821-00188199 Lloyd graduated from the RCC School of zgQLB6MXKfk-00524-00188200-00188424 electronics technology as an honors zgQLB6MXKfk-00525-00188425-00188777 electronics technologist in 1995 zgQLB6MXKfk-00526-00188778-00189120 Lloyd hell fatty sits on the executive zgQLB6MXKfk-00527-00189121-00189399 of the Green Party of Ontario as central zgQLB6MXKfk-00528-00189400-00189738 representative he also sits on the zgQLB6MXKfk-00529-00189739-00189987 executive of the Richmond Hill natural zgQLB6MXKfk-00530-00189988-00190686 ists Club in 2004 Alpha T received 1622 zgQLB6MXKfk-00531-00190687-00191226 votes 3.0% his main opponent was Liberal zgQLB6MXKfk-00532-00191227-00192075 incumbent Susan K D's topic Toronto zgQLB6MXKfk-00533-00192076-00192756 Centre Kris Tyndall Kris Tyndall born zgQLB6MXKfk-00534-00192757-00193125 June 3rd 1981 was a candidate for Ward zgQLB6MXKfk-00535-00193126-00193466 27 in the 2010 Toronto municipal zgQLB6MXKfk-00536-00193467-00193776 election he was the Green Party of zgQLB6MXKfk-00537-00193777-00194003 Canada's candidate for the House of zgQLB6MXKfk-00538-00194004-00194283 Commons of Canada in Toronto Centre in zgQLB6MXKfk-00539-00194284-00194627 the 2006 federal election and again in a zgQLB6MXKfk-00540-00194628-00195026 March 17th 2008 by election in which he zgQLB6MXKfk-00541-00195027-00195329 placed third with 13 point 6 percent of zgQLB6MXKfk-00542-00195330-00195537 the vote ahead of the Conservative zgQLB6MXKfk-00543-00195538-00195953 candidate he holds a Bachelor of Arts in zgQLB6MXKfk-00544-00195954-00196197 radio and television from Ryerson zgQLB6MXKfk-00545-00196198-00196584 University he is also a musician with zgQLB6MXKfk-00546-00196585-00197001 two albums to his credit Tyndall is an zgQLB6MXKfk-00547-00197002-00197279 interactive media producer and former zgQLB6MXKfk-00548-00197280-00197483 vice president of the Ontario zgQLB6MXKfk-00549-00197484-00197757 recreational canoeing Association and zgQLB6MXKfk-00550-00197758-00198103 has lived in Toronto Centre since 2000 zgQLB6MXKfk-00551-00198104-00198438 he serves on the board of directors of a zgQLB6MXKfk-00552-00198439-00198696 boys and girls residential summer camp zgQLB6MXKfk-00553-00198697-00198977 and is a contributor to Toronto astac zgQLB6MXKfk-00554-00198978-00199289 immunity Blanc Tyndall was the zgQLB6MXKfk-00555-00199290-00199551 democratic reform advocate for the Green zgQLB6MXKfk-00556-00199552-00199985 Party of Canada until August 2008 zgQLB6MXKfk-00557-00199986-00200247 Tyndale is a co-author of a realistic zgQLB6MXKfk-00558-00200248-00201156 energy plan for Toronto electoral record zgQLB6MXKfk-00559-00201157-00201600 topic Wellington Halton Hills Brent zgQLB6MXKfk-00560-00201601-00202221 butta butta Lowe received a Bachelor of zgQLB6MXKfk-00561-00202222-00202440 engineering degree from Carleton zgQLB6MXKfk-00562-00202441-00202785 University in 1990 and has been involved zgQLB6MXKfk-00563-00202786-00203061 in a variety of focus groups concerned zgQLB6MXKfk-00564-00203062-00203415 with transportation issues he is an zgQLB6MXKfk-00565-00203416-00203671 entrepreneur and has operated a model zgQLB6MXKfk-00566-00203672-00203999 train shop near Fergus Ontario since zgQLB6MXKfk-00567-00204000-00204564 1998 he joined the Green Party in 1999 zgQLB6MXKfk-00568-00204565-00204826 and has campaigned for both its federal zgQLB6MXKfk-00569-00204827-00205269 and provincial wings in 2003 he zgQLB6MXKfk-00570-00205271-00205594 campaigned for municipal office butl ur zgQLB6MXKfk-00571-00205594-00206010 is 37 years old as of 2005 and lives zgQLB6MXKfk-00572-00206011-00206401 outside of Fergus he was the GP C's zgQLB6MXKfk-00573-00206402-00206760 candidate for the 2006 federal election zgQLB6MXKfk-00574-00206761-00207342 24 the 2003 municipal result is taken zgQLB6MXKfk-00575-00207344-00207582 from the Kitchener Waterloo record the zgQLB6MXKfk-00576-00207583-00208086 12th of November 2003 be 8 the final zgQLB6MXKfk-00577-00208087-00208329 official results were not significantly zgQLB6MXKfk-00578-00208330-00209244 different topic would be a schewe Ajay zgQLB6MXKfk-00579-00209246-00209890 Krishnan Krishnan was born in India and zgQLB6MXKfk-00580-00209891-00210153 raised in Kuwait and moved to Canada zgQLB6MXKfk-00581-00210154-00210466 with his family at the start of the 1991 zgQLB6MXKfk-00582-00210467-00210778 Gulf War he holds a degree in zgQLB6MXKfk-00583-00210779-00211042 engineering science from the University zgQLB6MXKfk-00584-00211042-00211294 of Toronto and is a co-founder and vice zgQLB6MXKfk-00585-00211294-00211578 president of engineering force a visa zgQLB6MXKfk-00586-00211579-00211948 ring any learning software company he zgQLB6MXKfk-00587-00211948-00212259 was 23 years old during the election and zgQLB6MXKfk-00588-00212260-00212550 describes his political backgrounders zgQLB6MXKfk-00589-00212551-00212989 center-right 25 he received two thousand zgQLB6MXKfk-00590-00212990-00213364 four hundred and seven votes 3.60% zgQLB6MXKfk-00591-00213365-00213546 and finishing fourth against zgQLB6MXKfk-00592-00213548-00214309 conservative candidate Jim Flaherty zgQLB6MXKfk-00593-00214310-00214657 topic Windsor to come sir Katherine zgQLB6MXKfk-00594-00214658-00215057 played zgQLB6MXKfk-00595-00215058-00215437 catherine was born in Sarnia Ontario in zgQLB6MXKfk-00596-00215438-00215780 1972 and graduated from Lambton College zgQLB6MXKfk-00597-00215781-00215984 with a diploma in early childhood zgQLB6MXKfk-00598-00215985-00216407 education in 2000 she moved to Windsor zgQLB6MXKfk-00599-00216408-00216692 four years ago to attend university and zgQLB6MXKfk-00600-00216692-00216871 at the time of the election was zgQLB6MXKfk-00601-00216873-00217208 completing a joint BSW degree program in zgQLB6MXKfk-00602-00217209-00217489 Social Work and women's studies zgQLB6MXKfk-00603-00217490-00217787 catherine also served as a substitute zgQLB6MXKfk-00604-00217788-00218071 educator at a community day nursery and zgQLB6MXKfk-00605-00218073-00218282 was a single mother of an eight year old zgQLB6MXKfk-00606-00218283-00218630 daughter Catherine is a community zgQLB6MXKfk-00607-00218631-00218858 activist who is often involved in zgQLB6MXKfk-00608-00218859-00219154 women's and environmental issues in zgQLB6MXKfk-00609-00219155-00219442 previous years Catherine had contributed zgQLB6MXKfk-00610-00219444-00219719 to the organizing of the December 6th zgQLB6MXKfk-00611-00219719-00220004 memorial vigil assisted with organizing zgQLB6MXKfk-00612-00220005-00220366 Take Back the Night marches and other zgQLB6MXKfk-00613-00220367-00220700 consciousness-raising activities she was zgQLB6MXKfk-00614-00220701-00220942 a student representative on both the zgQLB6MXKfk-00615-00220944-00221171 women's studies curriculum committee and zgQLB6MXKfk-00616-00221171-00221452 the Women's Studies Advisory Committee zgQLB6MXKfk-00617-00221453-00221759 she was also the representative for zgQLB6MXKfk-00618-00221760-00222011 joint majors in her degree program in zgQLB6MXKfk-00619-00222012-00222215 both the Social Work students zgQLB6MXKfk-00620-00222216-00222530 Association SW SA and the Women's zgQLB6MXKfk-00621-00222531-00222734 Studies Student Association zgQLB6MXKfk-00622-00222735-00223709 ws essay topic Windsor West Jalan OVA zgQLB6MXKfk-00623-00223710-00224059 ship zgQLB6MXKfk-00624-00224060-00224405 Bishop was born in Windsor and graduated zgQLB6MXKfk-00625-00224406-00224646 with honors from Massey secondary school zgQLB6MXKfk-00626-00224646-00225098 Windsor star the 19th of December 2005 zgQLB6MXKfk-00627-00225098-00225489 she was 24 years old during the election zgQLB6MXKfk-00628-00225490-00225750 and worked as a machine operator at Hoss zgQLB6MXKfk-00629-00225751-00226055 precision corporation Windsor star the zgQLB6MXKfk-00630-00226056-00226544 10th of January 2006 she declined to use zgQLB6MXKfk-00631-00226546-00226844 campaign signs arguing that they consume zgQLB6MXKfk-00632-00226846-00227076 resources and pollute the landscape zgQLB6MXKfk-00633-00227077-00227555 start the 9th of December 2005 she zgQLB6MXKfk-00634-00227556-00227807 received one thousand four hundred and zgQLB6MXKfk-00635-00227808-00228155 forty four votes 3.0 three percent zgQLB6MXKfk-00636-00228156-00228396 finishing fourth against New Democratic zgQLB6MXKfk-00637-00228396-00229262 Party incumbent Brian masse topic zgQLB6MXKfk-00638-00229263-00230025 Manitoba zgQLB6MXKfk-00639-00230026-00230426 topic Mike Johansson Charles weird zgQLB6MXKfk-00640-00230427-00231157 Street James a cine Boyer zgQLB6MXKfk-00641-00231158-00231553 Johansson born in st. James Manitoba is zgQLB6MXKfk-00642-00231554-00231751 the son of John Johansson an zgQLB6MXKfk-00643-00231752-00232037 anti-poverty activist and former Green zgQLB6MXKfk-00644-00232038-00232321 Party of Manitoba candidate and Robert zgQLB6MXKfk-00645-00232322-00232567 Johansen a former Winnipeg city zgQLB6MXKfk-00646-00232568-00232664 councillor zgQLB6MXKfk-00647-00232665-00232991 he worked at new world technology for zgQLB6MXKfk-00648-00232992-00233074 five years zgQLB6MXKfk-00649-00233075-00233305 and has been a supervisor at southern zgQLB6MXKfk-00650-00233306-00233665 produce since the early 2000s decade zgQLB6MXKfk-00651-00233666-00233935 according to a Winnipeg Free Press zgQLB6MXKfk-00652-00233936-00234346 article he chose to campaign in the 2006 zgQLB6MXKfk-00653-00234347-00234547 election out of concern for the health zgQLB6MXKfk-00654-00234548-00234928 of Lake Winnipeg and the Red River 26 he zgQLB6MXKfk-00655-00234929-00235213 received 1700 votes zgQLB6MXKfk-00656-00235214-00235570 3.8 4% finishing fourth against zgQLB6MXKfk-00657-00235571-00236336 conservative incumbent Steven Fletcher zgQLB6MXKfk-00658-00236337-00237017 topic Jeff fountain Churchill zgQLB6MXKfk-00659-00237017-00237252 fountain holds a Bachelor of Science zgQLB6MXKfk-00660-00237253-00237501 degree in biology and environmental zgQLB6MXKfk-00661-00237502-00237836 science from the University of Winnipeg zgQLB6MXKfk-00662-00237837-00238137 he has worked as an operator trainee zgQLB6MXKfk-00663-00238138-00238404 with inko and previously taught English zgQLB6MXKfk-00664-00238405-00238686 as a second language in Japan Winnipeg zgQLB6MXKfk-00665-00238687-00239119 Free Press the third of January 2006 zgQLB6MXKfk-00666-00239121-00239436 fountain has reached Nidan rank in judo zgQLB6MXKfk-00667-00239437-00239751 and kendo is a brown belt in jujitsu and zgQLB6MXKfk-00668-00239752-00240207 teaches wrestling in Thompson 27 he zgQLB6MXKfk-00669-00240208-00240477 received four hundred and one votes one zgQLB6MXKfk-00670-00240478-00240750 point six one percent finishing fifth zgQLB6MXKfk-00671-00240751-00241492 against Liberal candidate Tina keeper zgQLB6MXKfk-00672-00241494-00242339 topic Tania hot air elmwood trans Kona zgQLB6MXKfk-00673-00242340-00242602 tanja hotter has a Bachelor of Arts zgQLB6MXKfk-00674-00242603-00242829 degree in international relations zgQLB6MXKfk-00675-00242830-00243100 political science and German from the zgQLB6MXKfk-00676-00243101-00243376 University of Manitoba and works as a zgQLB6MXKfk-00677-00243377-00243631 researcher writer editor and web zgQLB6MXKfk-00678-00243632-00243971 designer she has been web editor for zgQLB6MXKfk-00679-00243971-00244238 Canada's national history society and zgQLB6MXKfk-00680-00244239-00244442 the beaver and was an associate editor zgQLB6MXKfk-00681-00244442-00244758 for the encyclopedia of natural health zgQLB6MXKfk-00682-00244759-00245476 she received 1211 votes 3.6 3% finishing zgQLB6MXKfk-00683-00245477-00245682 fourth against New Democratic Party zgQLB6MXKfk-00684-00245683-00246369 incumbent bill Blakey zgQLB6MXKfk-00685-00246371-00247232 topic Charlie how it portage Lisgar zgQLB6MXKfk-00686-00247233-00247505 how it holds an agriculture degree from zgQLB6MXKfk-00687-00247506-00247871 the University of Manitoba he was 25 zgQLB6MXKfk-00688-00247871-00248189 years old as of the 2006 election zgQLB6MXKfk-00689-00248190-00248441 working in a family farm business with zgQLB6MXKfk-00690-00248442-00248762 his father and grandfather the family zgQLB6MXKfk-00691-00248763-00249023 enterprise grows grain and forages and zgQLB6MXKfk-00692-00249023-00249326 raises hogs how it has argued that zgQLB6MXKfk-00693-00249327-00249557 farmers can reverse a recent trend zgQLB6MXKfk-00694-00249558-00249805 toward rural decline by adopting zgQLB6MXKfk-00695-00249806-00250160 environmentally sound policies he is zgQLB6MXKfk-00696-00250161-00250394 active with the Pembina soil and crop zgQLB6MXKfk-00697-00250394-00250640 management Association and often zgQLB6MXKfk-00698-00250641-00251071 performs as a guitarist 28 how it zgQLB6MXKfk-00699-00251073-00251341 defended the Canadian Wheat Board in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00700-00251342-00251687 2006 campaign and criticized the packing zgQLB6MXKfk-00701-00251688-00251933 industry for profiteering during Western zgQLB6MXKfk-00702-00251934-00252503 Canada's BSE crisis 29 he received 1880 zgQLB6MXKfk-00703-00252504-00253025 votes 5.10 percent in 2006 finishing zgQLB6MXKfk-00704-00253026-00253211 fourth against conservative incumbent zgQLB6MXKfk-00705-00253212-00253715 Brian Pallister topic Janine Gibson zgQLB6MXKfk-00706-00253716-00253988 provancha Gibson was educated at the zgQLB6MXKfk-00707-00253989-00254216 University of Manitoba and the zgQLB6MXKfk-00708-00254217-00254477 University of Winnipeg and has worked as zgQLB6MXKfk-00709-00254478-00254740 an independent organic inspector since zgQLB6MXKfk-00710-00254741-00255167 1993 she is president of Canadian zgQLB6MXKfk-00711-00255167-00255401 organic growers and has worked toward zgQLB6MXKfk-00712-00255402-00255608 the adoption of a national organic zgQLB6MXKfk-00713-00255609-00255851 standard for Canada Winnipeg Free Press zgQLB6MXKfk-00714-00255852-00256189 the 4th of February and the 8th of June zgQLB6MXKfk-00715-00256190-00256612 2004 Globe and Mail the 21st of April zgQLB6MXKfk-00716-00256613-00257017 2005 Gibson teaches other inspectors zgQLB6MXKfk-00717-00257019-00257234 through the independent organic zgQLB6MXKfk-00718-00257235-00257585 inspectors association 30 she lives in a zgQLB6MXKfk-00719-00257586-00257819 solar and wind powered village known as zgQLB6MXKfk-00720-00257819-00258050 Northern Sun farm cooperative in zgQLB6MXKfk-00721-00258051-00258302 southeastern Manitoba and attracted zgQLB6MXKfk-00722-00258303-00258659 national attention during the 2005 oh 6 zgQLB6MXKfk-00723-00258660-00258878 campaign when she was forced to live zgQLB6MXKfk-00724-00258879-00259171 without electricity for 22 days in a zgQLB6MXKfk-00725-00259173-00259510 period of cloudy skies and mild winds zgQLB6MXKfk-00726-00259511-00259814 Gibson cited global warming as being zgQLB6MXKfk-00727-00259815-00260012 responsible for the weather patterns zgQLB6MXKfk-00728-00260013-00260237 though she also claims the lack of zgQLB6MXKfk-00729-00260238-00260513 electricity did not seriously affect her zgQLB6MXKfk-00730-00260514-00260576 campaign zgQLB6MXKfk-00731-00260577-00260852 schedule global warming broadcast news zgQLB6MXKfk-00732-00260853-00261421 the 17th of January 2006 31 she zgQLB6MXKfk-00733-00261423-00261646 supported Tom Manley for the leadership zgQLB6MXKfk-00734-00261648-00262709 of the Green Party in 2004 32 topic mark zgQLB6MXKfk-00735-00262710-00262892 Fayette streets zgQLB6MXKfk-00736-00262893-00263552 Boniface Fayette has a Bachelor of Arts zgQLB6MXKfk-00737-00263553-00263783 degree from the University of Manitoba zgQLB6MXKfk-00738-00263784-00264094 and is a graduate of Red River colleges zgQLB6MXKfk-00739-00264095-00264341 communication engineering technology zgQLB6MXKfk-00740-00264342-00264686 program he was employed for many years zgQLB6MXKfk-00741-00264687-00264884 with Via Rail and has been a zgQLB6MXKfk-00742-00264885-00265103 meteorological technician for zgQLB6MXKfk-00743-00265104-00265337 Environment Canada in Saskatchewan zgQLB6MXKfk-00744-00265338-00265642 Ontario and the Northwest Territories zgQLB6MXKfk-00745-00265643-00266060 since 1997 he has worked as a programmer zgQLB6MXKfk-00746-00266061-00266354 analyst at st. Boniface College in zgQLB6MXKfk-00747-00266355-00266705 Winnipeg Payette became president of the zgQLB6MXKfk-00748-00266706-00266918 Manitoba government and General zgQLB6MXKfk-00749-00266919-00267376 Employees Union Local 147 in January zgQLB6MXKfk-00750-00267377-00267740 2003 and has volunteered for festival du zgQLB6MXKfk-00751-00267741-00268034 Voyager the Winnipeg Folk Festival and zgQLB6MXKfk-00752-00268035-00268366 Big Brothers Big Sisters of Winnipeg zgQLB6MXKfk-00753-00268367-00268793 33:34 the 2006 election was his second zgQLB6MXKfk-00754-00268794-00269279 as a candidate in 2002 Payette wrote a zgQLB6MXKfk-00755-00269280-00269480 letter to the editor in the Winnipeg zgQLB6MXKfk-00756-00269481-00269744 Free Press endorsing wind power and zgQLB6MXKfk-00757-00269745-00270113 solar power as energy sources WFP the zgQLB6MXKfk-00758-00270114-00270519 fourth of July 2002 zgQLB6MXKfk-00759-00270520-00270861 you zgQLB6MXKfk-00760-00270862-00271637 topic David Michael Carey Winnipeg north zgQLB6MXKfk-00761-00271638-00271920 Carey has served in the Canadian zgQLB6MXKfk-00762-00271921-00272232 military and holds diploma certification zgQLB6MXKfk-00763-00272233-00272454 as a welder fitter in an aircraft zgQLB6MXKfk-00764-00272455-00272760 maintenance engineer he moved to zgQLB6MXKfk-00765-00272761-00273129 Manitoba from Ontario in the early 2000s zgQLB6MXKfk-00766-00273130-00273378 decade and worked for Air Canada at the zgQLB6MXKfk-00767-00273379-00273624 time of the election Winnipeg Free Press zgQLB6MXKfk-00768-00273625-00274116 the second of January 2006 he was zgQLB6MXKfk-00769-00274117-00274428 planning to build an eco-friendly rammed zgQLB6MXKfk-00770-00274429-00275048 earth tire home in 2006 35 he received zgQLB6MXKfk-00771-00275049-00275250 779 votes zgQLB6MXKfk-00772-00275251-00275643 2.8 6% finishing fourth against New zgQLB6MXKfk-00773-00275644-00275943 Democratic Party incumbent Judy was ela zgQLB6MXKfk-00774-00275944-00276267 chalets he campaigned for the leadership zgQLB6MXKfk-00775-00276268-00276519 of the Green Party of Manitoba in zgQLB6MXKfk-00776-00276520-00277437 November 2006 and lost to Andrew Vashem zgQLB6MXKfk-00777-00277438-00277834 topic where's Leo and Whiteside Winnipeg zgQLB6MXKfk-00778-00277835-00278560 South Whiteside was 26 years old at the zgQLB6MXKfk-00779-00278561-00278833 time of the election Winnipeg Sunday the zgQLB6MXKfk-00780-00278834-00279325 15th of January 2006 36 and according to zgQLB6MXKfk-00781-00279326-00279595 a Green Party biography has lived in zgQLB6MXKfk-00782-00279596-00279822 Winnipeg for his entire life zgQLB6MXKfk-00783-00279823-00280138 he holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in zgQLB6MXKfk-00784-00280139-00280423 politics and administrative studies from zgQLB6MXKfk-00785-00280424-00280654 the University of Winnipeg and is zgQLB6MXKfk-00786-00280655-00280849 working toward the completion of a zgQLB6MXKfk-00787-00280850-00281047 Bachelor of Laws degree from the zgQLB6MXKfk-00788-00281048-00281478 University of Manitoba as of early 2006 zgQLB6MXKfk-00789-00281479-00281782 he plans to article with the Manitoba zgQLB6MXKfk-00790-00281783-00282133 Government after his graduation 37 zgQLB6MXKfk-00791-00282134-00282412 Whiteside also volunteers with the Royal zgQLB6MXKfk-00792-00282413-00282703 Canadian Air cadet program as an officer zgQLB6MXKfk-00793-00282704-00283345 in the reserves 38 he received 1289 zgQLB6MXKfk-00794-00283346-00283618 votes 3.08 percent zgQLB6MXKfk-00795-00283619-00283855 finishing fourth against conservative zgQLB6MXKfk-00796-00283856-00284473 rod Bruin age zgQLB6MXKfk-00797-00284474-00284869 topic v Raich Scott Winnipeg South zgQLB6MXKfk-00798-00284870-00285290 Center zgQLB6MXKfk-00799-00285291-00285574 Scot has studied agriculture at the zgQLB6MXKfk-00800-00285575-00285863 University of Manitoba and is a retired zgQLB6MXKfk-00801-00285864-00286349 wildlife biologist during the 1980s he zgQLB6MXKfk-00802-00286350-00286558 served on the provincial Minister of the zgQLB6MXKfk-00803-00286559-00286766 Environment advisory committee zgQLB6MXKfk-00804-00286767-00287026 concerning mosquito control and other zgQLB6MXKfk-00805-00287027-00287110 matters zgQLB6MXKfk-00806-00287111-00287444 he is a veteran environmental activist zgQLB6MXKfk-00807-00287445-00287710 in Winnipeg and encouraged composting in zgQLB6MXKfk-00808-00287711-00287928 the early 1990s zgQLB6MXKfk-00809-00287929-00288215 Scott was a founding member of the Green zgQLB6MXKfk-00810-00288216-00288494 Party of Manitoba and has served as the zgQLB6MXKfk-00811-00288495-00288880 party's policy expert he co-authored the zgQLB6MXKfk-00812-00288881-00289129 Manitoba clean environment commissions zgQLB6MXKfk-00813-00289130-00289351 hearings into the city of winnipeg's zgQLB6MXKfk-00814-00289352-00289558 polluting sewage collection and zgQLB6MXKfk-00815-00289559-00290021 treatment system in 2003 and in the 2006 zgQLB6MXKfk-00816-00290022-00290246 campaign called for cities to stop zgQLB6MXKfk-00817-00290247-00290522 dumping the sewage treated or not into zgQLB6MXKfk-00818-00290523-00291158 river systems zgQLB6MXKfk-00819-00291159-00292107 topic Saskatchewan zgQLB6MXKfk-00820-00292108-00292650 topic Rick Barsky Saskatoon Rose town zgQLB6MXKfk-00821-00292651-00293130 big are zgQLB6MXKfk-00822-00293131-00293409 Barsky ran in the federal election of zgQLB6MXKfk-00823-00293410-00293746 1993 in Canada for election to the House zgQLB6MXKfk-00824-00293747-00294007 of Commons of Canada as a candidate for zgQLB6MXKfk-00825-00294008-00294285 Mel hurt eggs National Party of Canada zgQLB6MXKfk-00826-00294286-00294621 he ran again in the federal election of zgQLB6MXKfk-00827-00294622-00294964 1997 for the Canadian Action Party and zgQLB6MXKfk-00828-00294965-00295168 was a candidate for the Legislative zgQLB6MXKfk-00829-00295169-00295507 Assembly of Saskatchewan in 1999 for the zgQLB6MXKfk-00830-00295508-00295939 new Green Alliance more recently Rick zgQLB6MXKfk-00831-00295940-00296206 was the candidate in Saskatoon rose town zgQLB6MXKfk-00832-00296207-00296464 big R for the Green Party of Canada in zgQLB6MXKfk-00833-00296465-00297404 the federal elections of 2004 and 2006 zgQLB6MXKfk-00834-00297405-00298028 topic external links zgQLB6MXKfk-00835-00298029-00298685 Rick barsky's biography zgQLB6MXKfk-00836-00298686-00299186 topic Don Cameron Saskatoon when asked zgQLB6MXKfk-00837-00299187-00299575 UN zgQLB6MXKfk-00838-00299576-00299831 cameron was born in northeastern zgQLB6MXKfk-00839-00299832-00300110 saskatchewan and attended the university zgQLB6MXKfk-00840-00300111-00300441 of saskatchewan he moved to Ottawa to zgQLB6MXKfk-00841-00300442-00300671 accept a job in the federal civil zgQLB6MXKfk-00842-00300672-00300953 service and later opened a consulting zgQLB6MXKfk-00843-00300954-00301328 firm 39 his campaign emphasized attacks zgQLB6MXKfk-00844-00301329-00301542 on junk food to combat the rising zgQLB6MXKfk-00845-00301543-00301877 healthcare expenditures Saskatoon star zgQLB6MXKfk-00846-00301878-00302291 Phoenix the 9th of January 2006 he zgQLB6MXKfk-00847-00302292-00303045 received 1292 votes 3.5 9% finishing zgQLB6MXKfk-00848-00303046-00303250 fourth against conservative incumbent zgQLB6MXKfk-00849-00303251-00303923 Morrisville Urquhart zgQLB6MXKfk-00850-00303924-00304834 topic Alberta zgQLB6MXKfk-00851-00304835-00304961 topic zgQLB6MXKfk-00852-00304962-00305825 Juliet Burgess Calgary knows hell at 18 zgQLB6MXKfk-00853-00305826-00306107 years of age Juliet was the youngest zgQLB6MXKfk-00854-00306108-00306373 candidate running in this election zgQLB6MXKfk-00855-00306374-00306689 Burgess is a born and raised Calgarian zgQLB6MXKfk-00856-00306690-00307058 an activist and arts worker she worked zgQLB6MXKfk-00857-00307059-00307262 with The Rock the Vote use action zgQLB6MXKfk-00858-00307263-00307412 committee spoke for the zgQLB6MXKfk-00859-00307413-00307697 decriminalization of marijuana and sex zgQLB6MXKfk-00860-00307698-00307988 work advocated for more public transit zgQLB6MXKfk-00861-00307989-00308363 investments in Calgary Burgess ran the zgQLB6MXKfk-00862-00308364-00308588 following year in the Alberta provincial zgQLB6MXKfk-00863-00308589-00308858 election for the Alberta greens and has zgQLB6MXKfk-00864-00308859-00309074 continued to be a social advocate zgQLB6MXKfk-00865-00309075-00309314 presently working as a social worker zgQLB6MXKfk-00866-00309315-00309602 with survivors of domestic violence and zgQLB6MXKfk-00867-00309603-00310473 LGBTQ 2's plus populations zgQLB6MXKfk-00868-00310474-00311256 topic Kim Warren K Calgary Southwest zgQLB6MXKfk-00869-00311257-00311532 Warren K is a lifelong resident of zgQLB6MXKfk-00870-00311533-00311839 Calgary and was listed as 24 years old zgQLB6MXKfk-00871-00311840-00312190 at the time of the election she had six zgQLB6MXKfk-00872-00312191-00312432 years experience on the Calgary Health zgQLB6MXKfk-00873-00312433-00312657 Authority and spent a year on the zgQLB6MXKfk-00874-00312658-00312937 emergency department advisory board as a zgQLB6MXKfk-00875-00312938-00313278 representative of nursing attendants 41k zgQLB6MXKfk-00876-00313279-00313581 has criticised Canada's first past the zgQLB6MXKfk-00877-00313582-00313851 post electoral system and rejects the zgQLB6MXKfk-00878-00313852-00314076 accusation that the Green Party was zgQLB6MXKfk-00879-00314077-00314295 responsible for vote splitting on the zgQLB6MXKfk-00880-00314296-00314759 left in the 2004 federal election 41 zgQLB6MXKfk-00881-00314760-00315057 Warren Kaye argued for expanded mass zgQLB6MXKfk-00882-00315058-00315426 transit services in the 2004 provincial zgQLB6MXKfk-00883-00315427-00315882 election 42 in the 2006 campaign she zgQLB6MXKfk-00884-00315883-00316131 argued that Alberta needs to use its oil zgQLB6MXKfk-00885-00316132-00316356 revenues wisely to benefit future zgQLB6MXKfk-00886-00316357-00316695 generations and was quoted as saying we zgQLB6MXKfk-00887-00316696-00316915 don't want Alberta to be without oil zgQLB6MXKfk-00888-00316916-00317409 like Atlantic Canada without Cod Calgary zgQLB6MXKfk-00889-00317410-00317915 Herald the 21st of December 2005 zgQLB6MXKfk-00890-00317916-00318350 on September 30th 2006 Warren Kay was zgQLB6MXKfk-00891-00318351-00318602 elected as deputy leader south for the zgQLB6MXKfk-00892-00318603-00319360 Alberta greens 43 zgQLB6MXKfk-00893-00319361-00320223 topic Lin Lau Edmonton Sherwood Park zgQLB6MXKfk-00894-00320224-00320935 Lin Lao campaign webpage zgQLB6MXKfk-00895-00320936-00321565 topic British Columbia zgQLB6MXKfk-00896-00321566-00321901 you zgQLB6MXKfk-00897-00321902-00322786 topic Karen Bonilla Okanogan Kiki holla zgQLB6MXKfk-00898-00322787-00323044 though here is a mother of three who was zgQLB6MXKfk-00899-00323045-00323380 born and raised in the Kootenay 's she zgQLB6MXKfk-00900-00323381-00323635 graduated from the University of British zgQLB6MXKfk-00901-00323636-00323871 Columbia and now works for an e-learning zgQLB6MXKfk-00902-00323872-00324831 company GPC riding profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00903-00324832-00325308 topic Phil Breen s Skinner Bulkeley zgQLB6MXKfk-00904-00325309-00325707 Valley zgQLB6MXKfk-00905-00325708-00326097 Prine s is a 32 year old retail manager zgQLB6MXKfk-00906-00326098-00326346 he has served on the town of Smithers zgQLB6MXKfk-00907-00326347-00326613 British Columbia planning and design zgQLB6MXKfk-00908-00326614-00326955 committee since 2002 and was a director zgQLB6MXKfk-00909-00326956-00327111 of the Smithers Chamber of Commerce zgQLB6MXKfk-00910-00327112-00327667 between 2004 and 2005 zgQLB6MXKfk-00911-00327668-00328329 GPC riding profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00912-00328330-00328800 topic Alex Bracewell caribou Prince zgQLB6MXKfk-00913-00328801-00329225 George zgQLB6MXKfk-00914-00329226-00329459 Bracewell is a politician and zgQLB6MXKfk-00915-00329460-00329690 eco-tourism businessman in west zgQLB6MXKfk-00916-00329691-00329969 Chilcotin near Williams lake British zgQLB6MXKfk-00917-00329970-00330302 Columbia he was elected director of zgQLB6MXKfk-00918-00330303-00330719 electoral area J in the caribou Regional zgQLB6MXKfk-00919-00330720-00331189 District in 2002 and acclaimed in 2005 zgQLB6MXKfk-00920-00331190-00331514 he was born in Williams Lake but raised zgQLB6MXKfk-00921-00331515-00331959 in nearby tat Lyoko Lake Valley zgQLB6MXKfk-00922-00331960-00332620 GPC riding profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00923-00332621-00333003 topic hillary Crowley Prince George zgQLB6MXKfk-00924-00333004-00333512 Peace River zgQLB6MXKfk-00925-00333513-00333802 Crowley is a retired physiotherapist zgQLB6MXKfk-00926-00333803-00334064 from Prince George British Columbia zgQLB6MXKfk-00927-00334065-00334378 she ran unsuccessfully in the 2000 and zgQLB6MXKfk-00928-00334379-00334907 2004 federal elections in this riding zgQLB6MXKfk-00929-00334908-00335571 GPC riding profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00930-00335572-00336130 topic Matt Greenwood Kamloops Thompson zgQLB6MXKfk-00931-00336131-00336816 Caribou Greenwood is a 25 year old zgQLB6MXKfk-00932-00336817-00337149 University student born in Vancouver and zgQLB6MXKfk-00933-00337150-00337527 raised in Kamloops he is working towards zgQLB6MXKfk-00934-00337528-00337746 a bachelor's degree with a double major zgQLB6MXKfk-00935-00337747-00338073 in political science and economics and a zgQLB6MXKfk-00936-00338074-00338352 minor in philosophy at Thompson Rivers zgQLB6MXKfk-00937-00338353-00338718 University he helped found the Kamloops zgQLB6MXKfk-00938-00338719-00338984 chapter of the VC sustainable energy zgQLB6MXKfk-00939-00338985-00339272 Association zgQLB6MXKfk-00940-00339273-00339933 GPC riding profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00941-00339934-00340398 topic scott Janzen Burnaby New zgQLB6MXKfk-00942-00340399-00340851 Westminster zgQLB6MXKfk-00943-00340852-00341164 Janzen is a Green Party politician in zgQLB6MXKfk-00944-00341165-00341554 Burnaby British Columbia Canada he zgQLB6MXKfk-00945-00341555-00341782 graduated from the University of zgQLB6MXKfk-00946-00341783-00342037 Saskatchewan with degrees in electrical zgQLB6MXKfk-00947-00342038-00342444 engineering and computer science zgQLB6MXKfk-00948-00342445-00343371 campaign website GPC riding profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00949-00343372-00344042 topic Ariel laid Victoria zgQLB6MXKfk-00950-00344043-00344568 Arielle laid be 1975 in white rock is a zgQLB6MXKfk-00951-00344569-00344814 green politician and economist in zgQLB6MXKfk-00952-00344815-00345104 Victoria British Columbia Canada zgQLB6MXKfk-00953-00345105-00345384 he has earned a master's degree in zgQLB6MXKfk-00954-00345385-00345635 economics and philosophy at the London zgQLB6MXKfk-00955-00345636-00345882 School of Economics and toured Eastern zgQLB6MXKfk-00956-00345883-00346287 Europe laid majored in economics and zgQLB6MXKfk-00957-00346288-00346515 political science at University of zgQLB6MXKfk-00958-00346516-00346835 Victoria he earned a master's degree in zgQLB6MXKfk-00959-00346836-00347091 economics and philosophy at the London zgQLB6MXKfk-00960-00347092-00348085 School of Economics GPC riding profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00961-00348086-00348481 topic Scott Leyland British Columbia zgQLB6MXKfk-00962-00348482-00348959 Southern Interior zgQLB6MXKfk-00963-00348960-00349331 leyland is a 55 year old physiotherapist zgQLB6MXKfk-00964-00349332-00349673 from trail British Columbia he also zgQLB6MXKfk-00965-00349674-00349931 works as a clinical instructor at the zgQLB6MXKfk-00966-00349932-00350183 University of British Columbia's school zgQLB6MXKfk-00967-00350184-00350753 of rehabilitation sciences GPC riding zgQLB6MXKfk-00968-00350754-00351255 profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00969-00351256-00352125 topic Harry Nagel okanagan Shuswap zgQLB6MXKfk-00970-00352126-00352425 Nagel is a horticultural consultant zgQLB6MXKfk-00971-00352426-00352781 contractor he ran unsuccessfully in the zgQLB6MXKfk-00972-00352782-00353256 1997 2000 and 2004 federal elections in zgQLB6MXKfk-00973-00353257-00353691 the Okanagan picki Halle riding has run zgQLB6MXKfk-00974-00353692-00353901 in every federal provincial and zgQLB6MXKfk-00975-00353902-00354401 municipal election since 1993 zgQLB6MXKfk-00976-00354402-00355062 GPC riding profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00977-00355063-00355483 topic clemont's Verhoeven Kootenai zgQLB6MXKfk-00978-00355484-00355939 Colombia zgQLB6MXKfk-00979-00355940-00356274 the joven is a 52 year old born and zgQLB6MXKfk-00980-00356275-00356649 raised in London Ontario he is a high zgQLB6MXKfk-00981-00356650-00356901 school teacher in Creston British zgQLB6MXKfk-00982-00356902-00356995 Columbia zgQLB6MXKfk-00983-00356996-00357451 he is bilingual and a published novelist zgQLB6MXKfk-00984-00357452-00358138 GPC riding profile zgQLB6MXKfk-00985-00358139-00358543 topic footnotes ziKvaX9hiq4-00000-00000008-00000311 well the missing question mark made its ziKvaX9hiq4-00001-00000312-00000630 appearance in all seven episodes of our ziKvaX9hiq4-00002-00000631-00000839 northern ontario road trip ziKvaX9hiq4-00003-00000840-00000983 if you're not sure what we're talking ziKvaX9hiq4-00004-00000984-00001207 about check the link right here ziKvaX9hiq4-00005-00001208-00001454 no go ahead check the link oh wait i've ziKvaX9hiq4-00006-00001455-00001863 got time ziKvaX9hiq4-00007-00001864-00002151 oh you're back so yeah as we had said ziKvaX9hiq4-00008-00002152-00002342 the question mark was missing off the ziKvaX9hiq4-00009-00002343-00002575 card we made and we wondered if it would ziKvaX9hiq4-00010-00002576-00002799 make an appearance on our road trip and ziKvaX9hiq4-00011-00002800-00003071 it did in all seven episodes so your ziKvaX9hiq4-00012-00003072-00003399 mission is to list all seven episodes ziKvaX9hiq4-00013-00003400-00003711 and where the question mark appeared in ziKvaX9hiq4-00014-00003711-00004022 each with the timestamp that it appeared ziKvaX9hiq4-00015-00004023-00004219 send that information to londonwesty ziKvaX9hiq4-00016-00004220-00004803 gmail.com and you could be a winner zl4O8jV9hjE-00000-00001463-00001647 the old classic zl4O8jV9hjE-00001-00001648-00001910 game okay about another number in the zl4O8jV9hjE-00002-00001911-00002558 game okay let's start zl4O8jV9hjE-00003-00002559-00002647 okay zl4O8jV9hjE-00004-00002648-00002775 every time zl4O8jV9hjE-00005-00002776-00004247 rock star logan zl4O8jV9hjE-00006-00004248-00004675 actually zl4O8jV9hjE-00007-00004676-00005606 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00008-00005607-00006318 foreign zl4O8jV9hjE-00009-00006319-00006534 okay francis international airport zl4O8jV9hjE-00010-00006536-00006846 liberty city 1992 five years on the east zl4O8jV9hjE-00011-00006847-00008478 coast zl4O8jV9hjE-00012-00008479-00009623 los zl4O8jV9hjE-00013-00009624-00009887 lspd los angeles police department zl4O8jV9hjE-00014-00009888-00010374 pokey zl4O8jV9hjE-00015-00010375-00010518 stopped zl4O8jV9hjE-00016-00010519-00011666 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00017-00011667-00012070 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00018-00012071-00012255 i'll take that hernandez hey that's my zl4O8jV9hjE-00019-00012256-00012455 paper man that's money zl4O8jV9hjE-00020-00012456-00012807 this is drug money it's my money man hey zl4O8jV9hjE-00021-00012808-00012943 don't worry about it i'll fill it out zl4O8jV9hjE-00022-00012944-00013286 later zl4O8jV9hjE-00023-00013287-00013719 welcome home carl glad to be back zl4O8jV9hjE-00024-00013719-00013903 you haven't forgotten about us have you zl4O8jV9hjE-00025-00013904-00015438 boy hell no officer 10 penny zl4O8jV9hjE-00026-00015440-00015686 get out of here bastard zl4O8jV9hjE-00027-00015687-00015894 stupid mexican zl4O8jV9hjE-00028-00015895-00016047 oh hey sorry zl4O8jV9hjE-00029-00016047-00016175 my bad zl4O8jV9hjE-00030-00016176-00016753 hey man my bad zl4O8jV9hjE-00031-00016754-00017966 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00032-00017967-00018271 [Music] zl4O8jV9hjE-00033-00018272-00018486 i live in liberty city now zl4O8jV9hjE-00034-00018487-00018607 i'm clean zl4O8jV9hjE-00035-00018608-00018719 legit zl4O8jV9hjE-00036-00018720-00018943 and actually she's zl4O8jV9hjE-00037-00018944-00019719 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00038-00019720-00019967 to gun dead a police officer not 10 zl4O8jV9hjE-00039-00019968-00020143 minutes ago zl4O8jV9hjE-00040-00020144-00020319 officer pendlebar zl4O8jV9hjE-00041-00020320-00020591 a fine man i might add zl4O8jV9hjE-00042-00020592-00020839 you work fast [__] you know i just got zl4O8jV9hjE-00043-00020840-00021007 off the plane that's a good thing we zl4O8jV9hjE-00044-00021008-00021111 found you zl4O8jV9hjE-00045-00021112-00021303 the murder one that ain't my gun don't zl4O8jV9hjE-00046-00021304-00021550 [__] me carl don't [__] him carl zl4O8jV9hjE-00047-00021551-00021758 what the [__] you want for me this time zl4O8jV9hjE-00048-00021759-00021903 when we want you zl4O8jV9hjE-00049-00021904-00022047 we'll fight zl4O8jV9hjE-00050-00022048-00022199 in the meantime zl4O8jV9hjE-00051-00022200-00022686 try not to gun down anymore zl4O8jV9hjE-00052-00022687-00022871 y'all can't leave me here zl4O8jV9hjE-00053-00022872-00023143 this ballers country i thought you said zl4O8jV9hjE-00054-00023144-00023439 you was innocent okay zl4O8jV9hjE-00055-00023440-00024078 okay zl4O8jV9hjE-00056-00024079-00024358 oh [__] here we go again zl4O8jV9hjE-00057-00024359-00024607 worst place in the world roland heights zl4O8jV9hjE-00058-00024608-00024750 ball of country zl4O8jV9hjE-00059-00024751-00024942 nine represented grove street in five zl4O8jV9hjE-00061-00028424-00028656 okay let's go zl4O8jV9hjE-00062-00028657-00028790 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00063-00028791-00029167 actually i'm going wrong side zl4O8jV9hjE-00064-00029168-00030164 okay okay zl4O8jV9hjE-00065-00030164-00030512 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00066-00030513-00030887 [Music] zl4O8jV9hjE-00067-00030888-00032283 at zl4O8jV9hjE-00068-00032283-00033951 okay big smoke zl4O8jV9hjE-00069-00033952-00034118 seated and mom and dad fought for zl4O8jV9hjE-00070-00034119-00036200 another zl4O8jV9hjE-00071-00036201-00037003 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00072-00037004-00037595 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00073-00037596-00037761 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00074-00037762-00038374 [Music] zl4O8jV9hjE-00075-00038375-00039302 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00076-00039303-00039630 you i okay find out who killed your moms zl4O8jV9hjE-00077-00039631-00039846 this speech is cold zl4O8jV9hjE-00078-00039847-00040135 like it says in the book we are blessed zl4O8jV9hjE-00079-00040136-00040383 and cursed zl4O8jV9hjE-00080-00040384-00040623 my [__] book same things make us zl4O8jV9hjE-00081-00040624-00042659 laugh zl4O8jV9hjE-00082-00042660-00042927 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00083-00042928-00043445 you can do these zl4O8jV9hjE-00084-00043446-00046246 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00085-00046247-00047555 foreign zl4O8jV9hjE-00086-00047556-00049949 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00087-00049950-00050302 [Music] zl4O8jV9hjE-00088-00050303-00050475 foreign zl4O8jV9hjE-00089-00050476-00052582 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00090-00052583-00054494 foreign zl4O8jV9hjE-00091-00054495-00054738 is zl4O8jV9hjE-00092-00054739-00055849 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00093-00055850-00056588 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00094-00056589-00057438 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00095-00057439-00057703 look out zl4O8jV9hjE-00096-00057704-00058207 [Music] zl4O8jV9hjE-00097-00058208-00058930 uh zl4O8jV9hjE-00098-00058932-00059742 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00099-00059744-00060541 what everyone did against them zl4O8jV9hjE-00100-00060541-00061511 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00101-00061512-00061848 foreign zl4O8jV9hjE-00102-00061849-00062519 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00103-00062520-00063029 foreign zl4O8jV9hjE-00104-00063030-00063721 [Music] zl4O8jV9hjE-00105-00063722-00064063 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00106-00064064-00064375 this is cheating very very very shitty zl4O8jV9hjE-00107-00064376-00064630 what's the matter food you tired come on zl4O8jV9hjE-00108-00064632-00065015 cj you can't keep up with the fat man zl4O8jV9hjE-00109-00065016-00065215 i got with the [__] though show zl4O8jV9hjE-00110-00065216-00065406 them [__] who was chased zl4O8jV9hjE-00111-00065407-00065687 a [__] so when you leaving carl i ain't zl4O8jV9hjE-00112-00065688-00067020 sure not on my state zl4O8jV9hjE-00113-00067021-00067319 [Music] zl4O8jV9hjE-00114-00067320-00067838 hey yo just drop it we all hanging out zl4O8jV9hjE-00115-00067839-00068079 and get yourself some colors fool zl4O8jV9hjE-00116-00068080-00068319 and a haircut it's embarrassing to be zl4O8jV9hjE-00117-00068320-00069551 seen with you no matter zl4O8jV9hjE-00118-00069552-00070734 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00119-00070735-00071743 [Applause] zl4O8jV9hjE-00120-00071744-00071847 so zl4O8jV9hjE-00121-00071848-00072212 let's end with this znI6f9n6bLU-00000-00000029-00000329 welcome Aquarius this is Renee and znI6f9n6bLU-00001-00000330-00000532 welcome to my channel znI6f9n6bLU-00002-00000533-00000941 this is going to be a bonus reading znI6f9n6bLU-00003-00000942-00001378 what is your next big romance that's znI6f9n6bLU-00004-00001379-00001584 coming through for you znI6f9n6bLU-00005-00001585-00002159 we're gonna see what this big romance is znI6f9n6bLU-00006-00002160-00002423 what we're gonna see about your energy znI6f9n6bLU-00007-00002424-00002597 we're gonna see about your person's znI6f9n6bLU-00008-00002598-00002831 energy we're gonna find out a little bit znI6f9n6bLU-00009-00002832-00003058 about this person znI6f9n6bLU-00010-00003059-00003269 um probably in detail znI6f9n6bLU-00011-00003270-00003443 and znI6f9n6bLU-00012-00003444-00003647 we're gonna see where this relationship znI6f9n6bLU-00013-00003647-00003803 is going znI6f9n6bLU-00014-00003804-00004270 and then we're gonna take some advice znI6f9n6bLU-00015-00004271-00004504 okay first of all let's start with your znI6f9n6bLU-00016-00004505-00005315 energy Aquarius what is your energy znI6f9n6bLU-00017-00005316-00005831 align your intentions with your actions znI6f9n6bLU-00018-00005832-00006275 align your attentions with your actions znI6f9n6bLU-00019-00006276-00006467 okay we're going to take a look at your znI6f9n6bLU-00020-00006468-00006689 person's energy znI6f9n6bLU-00021-00006690-00007031 tell me more about this new Romance znI6f9n6bLU-00022-00007031-00007348 this new romance is coming through for znI6f9n6bLU-00023-00007350-00007720 Aquarius what is this person's energy at znI6f9n6bLU-00024-00007722-00007841 the moments znI6f9n6bLU-00025-00007842-00008428 what is this person thinking or feeling znI6f9n6bLU-00026-00008429-00008681 listen to your intuition znI6f9n6bLU-00027-00008682-00008939 okay so this person is following their znI6f9n6bLU-00028-00008940-00009533 their own lead and you may feel like znI6f9n6bLU-00029-00009534-00009760 you need to be balanced at the moment znI6f9n6bLU-00030-00009761-00010078 you may feel like your little off znI6f9n6bLU-00031-00010079-00010210 balance znI6f9n6bLU-00032-00010211-00010553 but I feel like your your intentions are znI6f9n6bLU-00033-00010554-00010655 well znI6f9n6bLU-00034-00010656-00010937 your intentions are good znI6f9n6bLU-00035-00010938-00011128 um but you may feel like you're a little znI6f9n6bLU-00036-00011129-00011405 off balance at the moment znI6f9n6bLU-00037-00011406-00011638 but that's okay then there's nothing znI6f9n6bLU-00038-00011639-00011824 wrong with that just znI6f9n6bLU-00039-00011825-00012185 you may want to align yourself align znI6f9n6bLU-00040-00012186-00012574 your spirits align you know your ground znI6f9n6bLU-00041-00012575-00012880 yourself znI6f9n6bLU-00042-00012881-00013655 in a more znI6f9n6bLU-00043-00013656-00013888 Pleasant atmosphere znI6f9n6bLU-00044-00013890-00014116 that's what's coming znI6f9n6bLU-00045-00014118-00014430 to crowned yourself in a more pleasant znI6f9n6bLU-00046-00014431-00014813 atmosphere you may be facing a lot of znI6f9n6bLU-00047-00014813-00015094 chaos at the moment your schedule may be znI6f9n6bLU-00048-00015095-00015733 pretty hectic znI6f9n6bLU-00049-00015734-00016175 so take time out to balance yourself znI6f9n6bLU-00050-00016176-00016444 take two mile for you take a cleansing znI6f9n6bLU-00051-00016445-00016565 bath znI6f9n6bLU-00052-00016566-00016793 you know do something that you enjoy znI6f9n6bLU-00053-00016794-00017050 doing znI6f9n6bLU-00054-00017051-00017393 yeah okay so you you're you're not znI6f9n6bLU-00055-00017394-00017741 really feeling the love thing right now znI6f9n6bLU-00056-00017742-00017963 and you're like you just don't want to znI6f9n6bLU-00057-00017964-00018257 deal with it you don't want to znI6f9n6bLU-00058-00018258-00018605 be pressured by it znI6f9n6bLU-00059-00018606-00018997 you may not want to znI6f9n6bLU-00060-00018998-00019283 you may be focused on other things at znI6f9n6bLU-00061-00019284-00019535 the moment and I feel like life is znI6f9n6bLU-00062-00019536-00019750 pretty chaotic for you at the moment so znI6f9n6bLU-00063-00019751-00019907 you feel like znI6f9n6bLU-00064-00019908-00020207 you know you just may not have time znI6f9n6bLU-00065-00020208-00020464 you may not have time for the situation znI6f9n6bLU-00066-00020465-00020663 to come through yet znI6f9n6bLU-00067-00020664-00020921 tell me more about your person what znI6f9n6bLU-00068-00020922-00021197 energies do your person have when it znI6f9n6bLU-00069-00021198-00021497 comes to love passion znI6f9n6bLU-00070-00021498-00021947 okay so this person sees you as having znI6f9n6bLU-00071-00021948-00022708 an insane chemistry znI6f9n6bLU-00072-00022709-00022949 they're hoping you have the same passion znI6f9n6bLU-00073-00022950-00023263 they really want to znI6f9n6bLU-00074-00023264-00023597 pursue you I feel like this person may znI6f9n6bLU-00075-00023598-00023735 be chasing you znI6f9n6bLU-00076-00023736-00024083 this person may be really znI6f9n6bLU-00077-00024084-00024485 pursuing you in a way that's znI6f9n6bLU-00078-00024486-00024664 right now may make you a little znI6f9n6bLU-00079-00024665-00024953 uncomfortable because everything's so znI6f9n6bLU-00080-00024954-00025072 chaotic znI6f9n6bLU-00081-00025073-00025612 everything's so up in the air znI6f9n6bLU-00082-00025613-00025889 your schedule is full znI6f9n6bLU-00083-00025889-00026028 you know znI6f9n6bLU-00084-00026029-00026296 but I feel like this person is very znI6f9n6bLU-00085-00026297-00026831 persistent they they really see you as znI6f9n6bLU-00086-00026832-00027089 a love interest znI6f9n6bLU-00087-00027089-00027508 they see you as something special znI6f9n6bLU-00088-00027510-00027749 that's something interesting znI6f9n6bLU-00089-00027750-00028168 you know znI6f9n6bLU-00090-00028169-00028601 and as I'm looking at the cards znI6f9n6bLU-00091-00028602-00028823 the first thing you may see about this znI6f9n6bLU-00092-00028824-00029014 person or the first thing they may see znI6f9n6bLU-00093-00029016-00029320 about you is your eyes znI6f9n6bLU-00094-00029322-00029746 your eyes may tell so many stories to znI6f9n6bLU-00095-00029747-00030064 this person they may really compliment znI6f9n6bLU-00096-00030066-00030329 you on your eyes znI6f9n6bLU-00097-00030330-00030564 they tell you you have beautiful znI6f9n6bLU-00098-00030566-00031139 beautiful eyes or your eyes are speaking znI6f9n6bLU-00099-00031139-00031811 to me you know things that you don't say znI6f9n6bLU-00100-00031812-00032099 but very interesting words very znI6f9n6bLU-00101-00032100-00032231 interesting znI6f9n6bLU-00102-00032232-00032405 tell me more about this love interest znI6f9n6bLU-00103-00032406-00032662 before we get into the tarot znI6f9n6bLU-00104-00032663-00033112 tell me more about this love interest znI6f9n6bLU-00105-00033113-00033395 what is what is Aquarius looking for znI6f9n6bLU-00106-00033396-00033611 when it comes to love znI6f9n6bLU-00107-00033612-00033857 what is Aquarius looking for when it znI6f9n6bLU-00108-00033858-00034849 comes to love znI6f9n6bLU-00109-00034850-00035129 acceptance Aquarius is looking for znI6f9n6bLU-00110-00035130-00035411 acceptance acceptance is the key to znI6f9n6bLU-00111-00035412-00035674 Inner Peace at times we must accept znI6f9n6bLU-00112-00035675-00035896 things as they are znI6f9n6bLU-00113-00035897-00036262 there is no point trying to change znI6f9n6bLU-00114-00036263-00036702 that which is beyond our control so yeah znI6f9n6bLU-00115-00036703-00036940 I feel like that's reason why we have znI6f9n6bLU-00116-00036941-00037229 that not today because you're looking znI6f9n6bLU-00117-00037230-00037487 for acceptance Aquarius you're looking znI6f9n6bLU-00118-00037488-00037889 for someone who can fulfill your need znI6f9n6bLU-00119-00037890-00038155 and I'm not sure if znI6f9n6bLU-00120-00038156-00038495 the past person that you were with ever znI6f9n6bLU-00121-00038496-00038717 did that znI6f9n6bLU-00122-00038718-00038902 I don't feel like you've been truly znI6f9n6bLU-00123-00038903-00039196 accepted znI6f9n6bLU-00124-00039197-00039407 um znI6f9n6bLU-00125-00039408-00039730 I feel like you're seeing things as znI6f9n6bLU-00126-00039731-00040139 totally out of you out of your control znI6f9n6bLU-00127-00040140-00040487 you're seeing things as znI6f9n6bLU-00128-00040488-00041027 beyond your scope of measure you know znI6f9n6bLU-00129-00041028-00041362 very interesting energy Aquarius znI6f9n6bLU-00130-00041363-00041743 but I feel like znI6f9n6bLU-00131-00041744-00042083 you you're very close to giving up on znI6f9n6bLU-00132-00042084-00042167 love znI6f9n6bLU-00133-00042168-00042280 but znI6f9n6bLU-00134-00042281-00042496 not yet znI6f9n6bLU-00135-00042497-00042905 and I feel like this new passion this znI6f9n6bLU-00136-00042906-00043037 new love znI6f9n6bLU-00137-00043038-00043246 this new Romance znI6f9n6bLU-00138-00043247-00043612 is gonna take you out of that znI6f9n6bLU-00139-00043613-00044290 Spirits okay this is from your person znI6f9n6bLU-00140-00044291-00044699 a message for you I'm thinking of you znI6f9n6bLU-00141-00044700-00045058 this very moment Your Love fills me with znI6f9n6bLU-00142-00045059-00045407 light I love you okay so znI6f9n6bLU-00143-00045408-00045689 for your person I feels like I feel like znI6f9n6bLU-00144-00045690-00046061 for your person this love interest grows znI6f9n6bLU-00145-00046062-00046211 very quickly znI6f9n6bLU-00146-00046212-00046565 I feel like they're Head Over Heels znI6f9n6bLU-00147-00046566-00046912 um with you znI6f9n6bLU-00148-00046913-00047177 I feel like this this very well could be znI6f9n6bLU-00149-00047178-00047357 love at first sight znI6f9n6bLU-00150-00047358-00047596 with this eye being here this could be znI6f9n6bLU-00151-00047597-00047867 love at first sight znI6f9n6bLU-00152-00047868-00048202 this person is being led by their znI6f9n6bLU-00153-00048203-00048515 intuition they're being drawn you are znI6f9n6bLU-00154-00048516-00048946 their magnetic north Aquarius znI6f9n6bLU-00155-00048947-00049180 you are their magnetic Norm znI6f9n6bLU-00156-00049181-00049445 this person is drawn to you for a reason znI6f9n6bLU-00157-00049446-00049727 and it's not just for passion this znI6f9n6bLU-00158-00049728-00049933 person is drawn for you znI6f9n6bLU-00159-00049934-00050530 and in so many other ways znI6f9n6bLU-00160-00050531-00050807 that's the feeling I'm getting from this znI6f9n6bLU-00161-00050808-00050905 person znI6f9n6bLU-00162-00050906-00051167 tell me more about this person's Spirit znI6f9n6bLU-00163-00051168-00051376 tell me more about this person what if znI6f9n6bLU-00164-00051377-00051707 this person's characteristics znI6f9n6bLU-00165-00051708-00051863 what znI6f9n6bLU-00166-00051864-00052229 is this person drawn to znI6f9n6bLU-00167-00052229-00052463 in Aquarius znI6f9n6bLU-00168-00052464-00052726 we have the Justice card znI6f9n6bLU-00169-00052727-00052961 so this person feels a lot of balance znI6f9n6bLU-00170-00052962-00053303 this person znI6f9n6bLU-00171-00053304-00053591 they're definitely in It to Win It znI6f9n6bLU-00172-00053591-00054076 that they're znI6f9n6bLU-00173-00054077-00054347 they also may be very truthful very znI6f9n6bLU-00174-00054348-00054785 honest very caring they also may be in znI6f9n6bLU-00175-00054786-00055187 in some scope of the law znI6f9n6bLU-00176-00055188-00055309 um znI6f9n6bLU-00177-00055310-00055685 industry with the the balance scales znI6f9n6bLU-00178-00055686-00055937 with the balance skills their profession znI6f9n6bLU-00179-00055938-00056141 may may have something to do with the znI6f9n6bLU-00180-00056141-00056488 law they may be an officer they may be a znI6f9n6bLU-00181-00056489-00056837 judge they may be a lawyer a prosecutor znI6f9n6bLU-00182-00056838-00057635 you know but I feel like they're znI6f9n6bLU-00183-00057636-00057821 their profession has to do with znI6f9n6bLU-00184-00057822-00057965 something of the law maybe their znI6f9n6bLU-00185-00057966-00058487 military znI6f9n6bLU-00186-00058488-00058703 very interesting tell me more about this znI6f9n6bLU-00187-00058704-00058816 person znI6f9n6bLU-00188-00058817-00059050 tell me more about this person but I znI6f9n6bLU-00189-00059051-00059285 feel like this person is very honest znI6f9n6bLU-00190-00059286-00059585 they're very giving that they kind of znI6f9n6bLU-00191-00059586-00059909 follow some kind of routine znI6f9n6bLU-00192-00059910-00060250 they have a strict day-to-day routine znI6f9n6bLU-00193-00060251-00060437 that they follow znI6f9n6bLU-00194-00060438-00061037 it may be health or it may be exercise znI6f9n6bLU-00195-00061038-00061361 um but I feel like they follow a very znI6f9n6bLU-00196-00061362-00061782 strict routine znI6f9n6bLU-00197-00061783-00062321 they're very structured znI6f9n6bLU-00198-00062322-00062561 tell me more about this person znI6f9n6bLU-00199-00062562-00062782 the page of swords znI6f9n6bLU-00200-00062783-00063142 okay so I feel like this person you've znI6f9n6bLU-00201-00063144-00063365 sparked their curiosity znI6f9n6bLU-00202-00063366-00063785 this this person is znI6f9n6bLU-00203-00063786-00064253 very znI6f9n6bLU-00204-00064254-00064571 curious znI6f9n6bLU-00205-00064572-00065038 about you they want to find out more znI6f9n6bLU-00206-00065039-00065173 foreign znI6f9n6bLU-00207-00065174-00065441 they feel like just znI6f9n6bLU-00208-00065441-00065932 seeing you by chance or znI6f9n6bLU-00209-00065933-00066197 seeing you for a short time just isn't znI6f9n6bLU-00210-00066198-00066726 enough they need to know more znI6f9n6bLU-00211-00066727-00067079 this person Also may be studying znI6f9n6bLU-00212-00067080-00067306 some kind of profession znI6f9n6bLU-00213-00067307-00067661 they may still be in school studying znI6f9n6bLU-00214-00067662-00068032 but I feel like they're very curious znI6f9n6bLU-00215-00068033-00068579 they're very anxious to know znI6f9n6bLU-00216-00068580-00068926 okay we have the eight of Wands znI6f9n6bLU-00217-00068927-00069173 yes znI6f9n6bLU-00218-00069174-00069413 they're anxious to know they're anxious znI6f9n6bLU-00219-00069414-00069617 to know more about you they want to take znI6f9n6bLU-00220-00069618-00069931 action znI6f9n6bLU-00221-00069932-00070241 they're very active znI6f9n6bLU-00222-00070242-00070493 driven znI6f9n6bLU-00223-00070494-00070967 this person is very znI6f9n6bLU-00224-00070968-00071506 social znI6f9n6bLU-00225-00071507-00071782 they like to talk znI6f9n6bLU-00226-00071783-00073537 foreign znI6f9n6bLU-00227-00073538-00073871 yeah so definitely this person is a hard znI6f9n6bLU-00228-00073872-00074237 worker they're very independent they're znI6f9n6bLU-00229-00074238-00074543 very they could also be wealthy znI6f9n6bLU-00230-00074544-00074932 um in their situation very resourceful znI6f9n6bLU-00231-00074933-00075311 um I feel like this person znI6f9n6bLU-00232-00075312-00075623 they may have been single for a while or znI6f9n6bLU-00233-00075624-00075965 they may enjoy their time alone they may znI6f9n6bLU-00234-00075966-00076205 enjoy that znI6f9n6bLU-00235-00076206-00076697 you know relaxation znI6f9n6bLU-00236-00076698-00077032 but I feel like this person has znI6f9n6bLU-00237-00077033-00077291 everything that they need they have znI6f9n6bLU-00238-00077292-00077794 everything that they need but love znI6f9n6bLU-00239-00077795-00078161 we have the Knight of Swords znI6f9n6bLU-00240-00078162-00078449 so I feel like this person znI6f9n6bLU-00241-00078450-00078750 although their life goes at a fast pace znI6f9n6bLU-00242-00078751-00079144 maybe their profession goes at a fast znI6f9n6bLU-00243-00079145-00079385 pace but I feel like this person takes znI6f9n6bLU-00244-00079386-00079667 their time they're not very Hasty when znI6f9n6bLU-00245-00079668-00079882 it comes to making decisions to making znI6f9n6bLU-00246-00079883-00080243 plans I feel like this person kind of znI6f9n6bLU-00247-00080244-00080525 uses their intuition they go with the znI6f9n6bLU-00248-00080526-00080909 flow of whatever is happening znI6f9n6bLU-00249-00080910-00081175 um znI6f9n6bLU-00250-00081176-00081550 they know when to stand still and they znI6f9n6bLU-00251-00081551-00082144 know when to take action znI6f9n6bLU-00252-00082145-00082306 thank you znI6f9n6bLU-00253-00082307-00082667 but I also feel like this person that znI6f9n6bLU-00254-00082668-00083221 they indeed like to talk znI6f9n6bLU-00255-00083222-00083926 they like to conversate znI6f9n6bLU-00256-00083927-00084203 I feel like they enjoy znI6f9n6bLU-00257-00084204-00085888 the commandering uh conversation znI6f9n6bLU-00258-00085889-00086123 this person may also have a lot of znI6f9n6bLU-00259-00086124-00086482 patience znI6f9n6bLU-00260-00086483-00087241 foreign znI6f9n6bLU-00261-00087242-00087538 they have they may have just been znI6f9n6bLU-00262-00087539-00088511 through a lot of changes in their life znI6f9n6bLU-00263-00088512-00088847 and we have the moon okay yeah there's znI6f9n6bLU-00264-00088848-00089068 definitely been changes in their znI6f9n6bLU-00265-00089069-00089387 lifestyle znI6f9n6bLU-00266-00089388-00089632 I feel like they may have been single znI6f9n6bLU-00267-00089633-00089897 for a while but I feel like maybe znI6f9n6bLU-00268-00089898-00090162 they've decided to start dating again znI6f9n6bLU-00269-00090163-00090749 they've decided to make certain changes znI6f9n6bLU-00270-00090750-00091115 maybe they're one that's znI6f9n6bLU-00271-00091116-00091276 really znI6f9n6bLU-00272-00091277-00091582 you know work a lot of hours put a lot znI6f9n6bLU-00273-00091583-00091799 of time into work znI6f9n6bLU-00274-00091800-00092309 but I feel like this person znI6f9n6bLU-00275-00092310-00092561 they're following A New Path znI6f9n6bLU-00276-00092562-00092711 like I said znI6f9n6bLU-00277-00092712-00092956 this is another card of trusting your znI6f9n6bLU-00278-00092957-00093173 intuition znI6f9n6bLU-00279-00093174-00093256 um znI6f9n6bLU-00280-00093257-00093479 so I feel like that's something very big znI6f9n6bLU-00281-00093480-00093779 with this person it may be that this znI6f9n6bLU-00282-00093780-00093994 person is very spiritual maybe they znI6f9n6bLU-00283-00093995-00094259 meditate znI6f9n6bLU-00284-00094260-00094444 thank you znI6f9n6bLU-00285-00094445-00095075 maybe they also read tarot or they znI6f9n6bLU-00286-00095076-00095321 listen to readings znI6f9n6bLU-00287-00095322-00095525 but I feel like this person follows by znI6f9n6bLU-00288-00095526-00095782 their intuition we have the four of cups znI6f9n6bLU-00289-00095783-00096112 so this is a dreamer znI6f9n6bLU-00290-00096113-00096382 this is a dreamer as well this person znI6f9n6bLU-00291-00096383-00096671 has dreams this person has thoughts and znI6f9n6bLU-00292-00096672-00097006 plans that they want to act upon znI6f9n6bLU-00293-00097007-00097135 um znI6f9n6bLU-00294-00097136-00097703 I feel like this person is znI6f9n6bLU-00295-00097704-00097897 thank you znI6f9n6bLU-00296-00097898-00098161 likely feeling znI6f9n6bLU-00297-00098162-00098729 unfulfilled at the moment znI6f9n6bLU-00298-00098730-00099226 they think that something is missing znI6f9n6bLU-00299-00099227-00099503 something is missing from their life znI6f9n6bLU-00300-00099504-00099773 they're trying to pursue some kind of znI6f9n6bLU-00301-00099774-00100006 new znI6f9n6bLU-00302-00100007-00100529 qualities new znI6f9n6bLU-00303-00100530-00100662 projects znI6f9n6bLU-00304-00100663-00100835 [Music] znI6f9n6bLU-00305-00100836-00101117 and this person znI6f9n6bLU-00306-00101118-00101387 with the king of Pentacles this person znI6f9n6bLU-00307-00101388-00101794 may be an earth sign but this person is znI6f9n6bLU-00308-00101795-00102031 very reliable they're very stable znI6f9n6bLU-00309-00102032-00102401 they're very loyal znI6f9n6bLU-00310-00102402-00102778 that you can trust this person znI6f9n6bLU-00311-00102779-00103240 you can trust this person they will znI6f9n6bLU-00312-00103241-00103516 be there for you znI6f9n6bLU-00313-00103517-00103823 they'll be your rock znI6f9n6bLU-00314-00103824-00104147 they are very solid znI6f9n6bLU-00315-00104148-00104518 this person is also a wise investor so znI6f9n6bLU-00316-00104519-00104884 it could be that you know with with the znI6f9n6bLU-00317-00104885-00105071 king of Pentacles and the Justice card znI6f9n6bLU-00318-00105072-00105497 like I said I feel like this person is znI6f9n6bLU-00319-00105498-00105773 into some kind of znI6f9n6bLU-00320-00105774-00106049 legal profession some kind of legal znI6f9n6bLU-00321-00106050-00106240 profession something that has to do with znI6f9n6bLU-00322-00106241-00106534 the law so that this person may be well znI6f9n6bLU-00323-00106535-00106852 off this person may be busy but this znI6f9n6bLU-00324-00106853-00107177 person has a lot of resources znI6f9n6bLU-00325-00107178-00107410 they have a lot of gain a lot of znI6f9n6bLU-00326-00107411-00107801 material wealth znI6f9n6bLU-00327-00107802-00108773 we have the Eight of Cups znI6f9n6bLU-00328-00108774-00109139 so yeah I with the Eight of Cups I feel znI6f9n6bLU-00329-00109140-00109847 like this person znI6f9n6bLU-00330-00109848-00110243 this person is moving on from something znI6f9n6bLU-00331-00110244-00110519 they're they're moving on from some kind znI6f9n6bLU-00332-00110520-00111665 of situation znI6f9n6bLU-00333-00111666-00111886 they're just leaving some kind of znI6f9n6bLU-00334-00111888-00112336 situation in the fool yeah they've znI6f9n6bLU-00335-00112338-00112625 they've left some sort of situation and znI6f9n6bLU-00336-00112626-00112847 now they're they're on a New Soul znI6f9n6bLU-00337-00112848-00113249 Journey they're taking new chances new znI6f9n6bLU-00338-00113250-00113401 risks znI6f9n6bLU-00339-00113402-00113747 they're looking for new beginning znI6f9n6bLU-00340-00113748-00114281 they're looking to take that leap znI6f9n6bLU-00341-00114282-00114515 they're looking for a New Soul Journey znI6f9n6bLU-00342-00114516-00114989 definitely znI6f9n6bLU-00343-00114990-00115408 okay let's see znI6f9n6bLU-00344-00115409-00115636 tell me more about this person's Spirit znI6f9n6bLU-00345-00115638-00116039 tell me more about this person znI6f9n6bLU-00346-00116040-00116254 what kind of qualities does this person znI6f9n6bLU-00347-00116255-00116519 have znI6f9n6bLU-00348-00116520-00116975 oh okay znI6f9n6bLU-00349-00116976-00117334 they want you so they're very persistent znI6f9n6bLU-00350-00117335-00117569 this person is very persistent this znI6f9n6bLU-00351-00117570-00117881 person who's coming into your life znI6f9n6bLU-00352-00117882-00118127 they know what they want znI6f9n6bLU-00353-00118128-00118469 and they want you znI6f9n6bLU-00354-00118470-00118715 they want to get to know you better znI6f9n6bLU-00355-00118716-00118973 this person may be older znI6f9n6bLU-00356-00118974-00119351 they may be a few years older than you znI6f9n6bLU-00357-00119352-00119716 or they they just may seem like an old znI6f9n6bLU-00358-00119717-00119890 soul znI6f9n6bLU-00359-00119891-00120221 or this person may znI6f9n6bLU-00360-00120222-00120557 just seem older than their years they're znI6f9n6bLU-00361-00120558-00120683 wiser znI6f9n6bLU-00362-00120683-00120940 than their years they've been through znI6f9n6bLU-00363-00120941-00121397 some things znI6f9n6bLU-00364-00121398-00121660 they've been through some things so yeah znI6f9n6bLU-00365-00121661-00121949 this person znI6f9n6bLU-00366-00121950-00122351 and you may meet this person online znI6f9n6bLU-00367-00122352-00122663 you may meet this person or you may be znI6f9n6bLU-00368-00122664-00124145 conversating with this person znI6f9n6bLU-00369-00124146-00124277 foreign znI6f9n6bLU-00370-00124278-00124558 you may feel like znI6f9n6bLU-00371-00124559-00124840 I just seen I'm not ready to talk to you znI6f9n6bLU-00372-00124841-00125033 yet I feel like you're kind of putting znI6f9n6bLU-00373-00125033-00125189 this person znI6f9n6bLU-00374-00125190-00125501 on the back burner at the moment znI6f9n6bLU-00375-00125502-00125801 you're putting this person you're not znI6f9n6bLU-00376-00125802-00126245 quite ready to talk with them znI6f9n6bLU-00377-00126246-00126466 because you don't know how to pick up znI6f9n6bLU-00378-00126467-00126827 the pieces how to start things off znI6f9n6bLU-00379-00126828-00127240 you're having a hard time znI6f9n6bLU-00380-00127241-00127577 starting things with this person znI6f9n6bLU-00381-00127578-00127763 but this person has been through some znI6f9n6bLU-00382-00127764-00127984 things I feel like this person has had znI6f9n6bLU-00383-00127985-00128489 people around them that they can trust znI6f9n6bLU-00384-00128490-00128897 and I feel like that put them in a place znI6f9n6bLU-00385-00128898-00129269 of healing you know and like I said I znI6f9n6bLU-00386-00129270-00129671 feel like this person is a lot wiser znI6f9n6bLU-00387-00129672-00130043 been their age then you know what what znI6f9n6bLU-00388-00130044-00130907 they are meant to be this person may be znI6f9n6bLU-00389-00130908-00131177 they may have had to deal with a lot of znI6f9n6bLU-00390-00131178-00131333 things in their life znI6f9n6bLU-00391-00131334-00131609 but I feel like that has made them who znI6f9n6bLU-00392-00131610-00131921 they are tell me a little bit more about znI6f9n6bLU-00393-00131922-00132227 this person about this connection tell znI6f9n6bLU-00394-00132228-00132940 me about this connection znI6f9n6bLU-00395-00132941-00133349 the Knight of Cups yeah this person znI6f9n6bLU-00396-00133350-00133735 this may be your knight in shining armor znI6f9n6bLU-00397-00133736-00134128 Aquarius this may be a person who just znI6f9n6bLU-00398-00134129-00134537 sweeps you off of your feet znI6f9n6bLU-00399-00134538-00134740 I feel like this person has good znI6f9n6bLU-00400-00134741-00134999 intentions znI6f9n6bLU-00401-00135000-00135616 they have a lot of love to give znI6f9n6bLU-00402-00135617-00135887 with you meeting them online or znI6f9n6bLU-00403-00135888-00136139 conversating online znI6f9n6bLU-00404-00136140-00136378 maybe through social media or through a znI6f9n6bLU-00405-00136379-00136589 DM znI6f9n6bLU-00406-00136590-00136889 um but I feel like this person znI6f9n6bLU-00407-00136890-00137147 they like I said I like I I think they znI6f9n6bLU-00408-00137148-00137309 like to talk znI6f9n6bLU-00409-00137310-00137704 I think your conversations will be long znI6f9n6bLU-00410-00137705-00138101 but this person wants to znI6f9n6bLU-00411-00138102-00138593 offer you something that is Meaningful znI6f9n6bLU-00412-00138594-00138959 meaningful to them znI6f9n6bLU-00413-00138960-00139235 is how I'm feeling yeah and you have the znI6f9n6bLU-00414-00139236-00139511 Ace of Pentacles so I feel like this is znI6f9n6bLU-00415-00139512-00139733 a new beginning a new beginning in znI6f9n6bLU-00416-00139734-00139985 everything actually znI6f9n6bLU-00417-00139986-00140249 you have the king of Wands at the bottom znI6f9n6bLU-00418-00140250-00140689 so Aquarius this is a passionate znI6f9n6bLU-00419-00140690-00141040 passionate person they're very bold very znI6f9n6bLU-00420-00141041-00141245 assertive like I said I feel like this znI6f9n6bLU-00421-00141246-00141652 person has Drive they're driven znI6f9n6bLU-00422-00141653-00141899 um this person is also very powerful znI6f9n6bLU-00423-00141900-00142235 very Fearless so they may do things znI6f9n6bLU-00424-00142236-00142354 that's znI6f9n6bLU-00425-00142355-00142654 may make you very skeptical I feel like znI6f9n6bLU-00426-00142655-00142871 this person may have some kind of znI6f9n6bLU-00427-00142872-00143249 Ambitions they may do things on the side znI6f9n6bLU-00428-00143250-00143543 that you're not quite znI6f9n6bLU-00429-00143544-00143813 down with you know they may like to znI6f9n6bLU-00430-00143814-00144059 skydive they may like to znI6f9n6bLU-00431-00144060-00144371 drive race cars you know that they may znI6f9n6bLU-00432-00144372-00144677 do something that's very znI6f9n6bLU-00433-00144678-00145007 controversial znI6f9n6bLU-00434-00145008-00145163 that kind of znI6f9n6bLU-00435-00145164-00145414 keeps your mind moving znI6f9n6bLU-00436-00145415-00146093 but I feel like this person is very znI6f9n6bLU-00437-00146094-00146411 very exciting znI6f9n6bLU-00438-00146412-00146652 I feel like they have a motivation znI6f9n6bLU-00439-00146653-00147064 that's very very exciting tell me more znI6f9n6bLU-00440-00147065-00147281 about this love znI6f9n6bLU-00441-00147282-00147947 tell me more about this love znI6f9n6bLU-00442-00147948-00148295 lightning see very exciting this is znI6f9n6bLU-00443-00148296-00148475 going to bring a lot of Sudden Change znI6f9n6bLU-00444-00148476-00148973 shocking news surprise epiphany znI6f9n6bLU-00445-00148974-00149359 transformation upheaval that this person znI6f9n6bLU-00446-00149360-00149681 is like lightning in a bottle they're znI6f9n6bLU-00447-00149682-00150016 just active very active znI6f9n6bLU-00448-00150017-00150347 very motivated znI6f9n6bLU-00449-00150348-00150593 I feel like this is going to be a sudden znI6f9n6bLU-00450-00150594-00150773 change but I think it's going to be a znI6f9n6bLU-00451-00150774-00151078 sudden change that is very welcoming znI6f9n6bLU-00452-00151079-00151469 very welcoming znI6f9n6bLU-00453-00151470-00151721 yeah and I feel like this person like I znI6f9n6bLU-00454-00151722-00151877 said I feel like this person has been znI6f9n6bLU-00455-00151878-00152273 heartbroken they've been deeply hurt znI6f9n6bLU-00456-00152274-00152437 um znI6f9n6bLU-00457-00152438-00152699 but I feel like znI6f9n6bLU-00458-00152700-00152999 they're ready to move past it znI6f9n6bLU-00459-00153000-00153413 they're ready to move past it and znI6f9n6bLU-00460-00153414-00153904 put you up on a pedestal znI6f9n6bLU-00461-00153905-00154114 there's girl talk on the bottom so yeah znI6f9n6bLU-00462-00154115-00154325 I feel like this person is ready to move znI6f9n6bLU-00463-00154326-00154607 on and you may even talk to this person znI6f9n6bLU-00464-00154608-00154973 like you would one of your friends znI6f9n6bLU-00465-00154974-00155261 um you may have long fun conversations znI6f9n6bLU-00466-00155262-00155501 with this person you may talk about znI6f9n6bLU-00467-00155502-00155909 silly things you know like znI6f9n6bLU-00468-00155910-00156319 just TV shows that are just out there znI6f9n6bLU-00469-00156320-00156695 comedy you know I feel like you talk to znI6f9n6bLU-00470-00156696-00156947 this person about just about anything I znI6f9n6bLU-00471-00156948-00157204 feel like there's a comfort level with znI6f9n6bLU-00472-00157205-00157493 this person that's like unspeakable this znI6f9n6bLU-00473-00157494-00157763 person brings you a lot of comfort a lot znI6f9n6bLU-00474-00157764-00157849 of znI6f9n6bLU-00475-00157850-00158440 emotions that are kind of Untold znI6f9n6bLU-00476-00158441-00158764 this person awakens things within you znI6f9n6bLU-00477-00158765-00158897 that's znI6f9n6bLU-00478-00158898-00159311 maybe you didn't think we're able to be znI6f9n6bLU-00479-00159312-00159557 awakened znI6f9n6bLU-00480-00159558-00159689 but znI6f9n6bLU-00481-00159690-00159989 this is your new passion this is your znI6f9n6bLU-00482-00159990-00160193 the new romance that's coming towards znI6f9n6bLU-00483-00160194-00160487 you Aquarius this is what you have to znI6f9n6bLU-00484-00160488-00160721 look forward to if this reading znI6f9n6bLU-00485-00160722-00160901 resonates with you please like And znI6f9n6bLU-00486-00160902-00161087 subscribe hit that Bell so that you znI6f9n6bLU-00487-00161088-00161351 don't miss any uploads and make sure to znI6f9n6bLU-00488-00161352-00161554 take a look at your Sun Moon and Rising znI6f9n6bLU-00489-00161555-00161716 for more znI6f9n6bLU-00490-00161717-00162071 Clarity on your situation znI6f9n6bLU-00491-00162072-00162437 make sure to comment below znI6f9n6bLU-00492-00162438-00162814 and Aquarius Happy New Year znI6f9n6bLU-00493-00162815-00163262 many blessings to you love and light Z0F4QGTVMTy-00000-00000000-00000200 and in Minnesota a group of Native Z0F4QGTVMTy-00001-00000200-00000356 American youth have finished a three Z0F4QGTVMTy-00002-00000357-00000644 week long 250 mile canoe voyage across Z0F4QGTVMTy-00003-00000645-00000827 northern Minnesota to highlight the Z0F4QGTVMTy-00004-00000827-00001040 ecological threat posed by Enbridge's Z0F4QGTVMTy-00005-00001041-00001235 proposed line three tar sands pipeline Z0F4QGTVMTy-00006-00001236-00001502 the proposed line would carry tar sands Z0F4QGTVMTy-00007-00001503-00001714 oil from Alberta Canada to a terminal Z0F4QGTVMTy-00008-00001716-00001973 and superior Wisconsin opponents say the Z0F4QGTVMTy-00009-00001973-00002114 pipeline would have crossed through the Z0F4QGTVMTy-00010-00002115-00002326 heart of Minnesota's lakes wild rice Z0F4QGTVMTy-00011-00002327-00002977 region and 1855 Ojibwe treaty territory Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00001-00005284-00006383 [Music] Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00002-00006384-00007204 so Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00005-00017173-00017694 [Music] Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00006-00017695-00017840 do Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00008-00026047-00026232 so Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00010-00033963-00036799 [Music] Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00011-00036800-00038527 [Music] Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00012-00038528-00039163 so Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00013-00039164-00040172 [Music] Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00015-00044950-00045723 [Music] Z22pBQ1qq2Q-00017-00084272-00084480 you Z2cmTc9_lh4-00000-00000046-00000313 Iceland competed at the 2013 World Z2cmTc9_lh4-00001-00000314-00000574 Aquatics Championships in Barcelona Z2cmTc9_lh4-00002-00000575-00000860 Spain from the 19th of July to the 4th Z2cmTc9_lh4-00003-00000861-00001522 of August 2013 Z2cmTc9_lh4-00004-00001523-00002053 topic swimming Z2cmTc9_lh4-00005-00002054-00002318 Icelandic swimmers achieved qualifying Z2cmTc9_lh4-00006-00002319-00002561 standards in the following events up to Z2cmTc9_lh4-00007-00002562-00002783 a maximum of two swimmers in each event Z2cmTc9_lh4-00008-00002784-00003032 at the a standard entry time and one at Z2cmTc9_lh4-00009-00003033-00003476 the B standard men women Z4vFwlkrrWE-00000-00000087-00000574 [Music] Z4vFwlkrrWE-00001-00000575-00000807 the so-called nuremberg laws of nazi Z4vFwlkrrWE-00002-00000808-00000871 germany Z4vFwlkrrWE-00003-00000872-00001054 were anti-semitic and racial laws Z4vFwlkrrWE-00004-00001055-00001254 enacted to restrict the rights of german Z4vFwlkrrWE-00005-00001255-00001303 jews Z4vFwlkrrWE-00006-00001304-00001647 and to keep aryan blood pure Z4vFwlkrrWE-00007-00001648-00001863 there was no actual practical value to Z4vFwlkrrWE-00008-00001864-00002055 these laws and they did measurable harm Z4vFwlkrrWE-00009-00002056-00002391 to the german economy Z4vFwlkrrWE-00010-00002392-00002567 but hitler's obsessive hatred of the Z4vFwlkrrWE-00011-00002568-00002791 jews was real and the nuremberg laws Z4vFwlkrrWE-00012-00002792-00003158 were an extension of that hate Z4vFwlkrrWE-00013-00003159-00003367 about a third of germans despised the Z4vFwlkrrWE-00014-00003368-00003567 jews as well and most of the rest of the Z4vFwlkrrWE-00015-00003568-00003663 population Z4vFwlkrrWE-00016-00003664-00004070 was too terrified to complain Z4vFwlkrrWE-00017-00004071-00004270 fortunately in america the writing and Z4vFwlkrrWE-00018-00004271-00004486 promulgation of laws is the job of the Z4vFwlkrrWE-00019-00004487-00004631 united states congress Z4vFwlkrrWE-00020-00004632-00004815 a body that is currently controlled Z4vFwlkrrWE-00021-00004816-00005167 partly by the democrats Z4vFwlkrrWE-00022-00005168-00005383 so no equivalent of the nuremberg laws Z4vFwlkrrWE-00023-00005384-00005591 is currently under contemplation Z4vFwlkrrWE-00024-00005592-00005783 but that doesn't stop donald trump's Z4vFwlkrrWE-00025-00005784-00006006 obsessive personal hatred of mexican Z4vFwlkrrWE-00026-00006007-00006175 and central american immigrants and Z4vFwlkrrWE-00027-00006176-00006367 foreigners from being transformed into Z4vFwlkrrWE-00028-00006368-00006583 national policy by way of executive Z4vFwlkrrWE-00029-00006584-00006863 order and internal decree Z4vFwlkrrWE-00030-00006864-00007095 dot dot in classic petty little man Z4vFwlkrrWE-00031-00007095-00007310 fashion trump has acknowledged planning Z4vFwlkrrWE-00032-00007311-00007487 to free immigration detainees in Z4vFwlkrrWE-00033-00007488-00007710 democratic urban strongholds as a ploy Z4vFwlkrrWE-00034-00007711-00007927 to exact political retaliation against Z4vFwlkrrWE-00035-00007928-00008255 the democrats Z4vFwlkrrWE-00036-00008256-00008503 on friday trump tweeted due to the fact Z4vFwlkrrWE-00037-00008504-00008710 that democrats are unwilling to change Z4vFwlkrrWE-00038-00008711-00008927 our very dangerous immigration laws Z4vFwlkrrWE-00039-00008928-00009191 we are indeed as reported giving strong Z4vFwlkrrWE-00040-00009192-00009374 considerations to placing illegal Z4vFwlkrrWE-00041-00009375-00009799 immigrants in sanctuary cities only Z4vFwlkrrWE-00042-00009800-00010014 the radical left always seems to have an Z4vFwlkrrWE-00043-00010015-00010110 open borders Z4vFwlkrrWE-00044-00010111-00010327 open arms policy so this should make Z4vFwlkrrWE-00045-00010328-00010695 them very happy Z4vFwlkrrWE-00046-00010696-00010887 unlike trump and the shivering cowards Z4vFwlkrrWE-00047-00010888-00011023 who hide in his shadow Z4vFwlkrrWE-00048-00011024-00011223 the people of sanctuary cities welcome Z4vFwlkrrWE-00049-00011224-00011646 newcomers both foreign and domestic Z4vFwlkrrWE-00050-00011647-00011831 the notion that they are all composed of Z4vFwlkrrWE-00051-00011832-00012078 rapists murderers and drug dealers is a Z4vFwlkrrWE-00052-00012079-00012303 bogeyman exclusively populating the Z4vFwlkrrWE-00053-00012304-00012519 demon-haunted world of donald trump Z4vFwlkrrWE-00054-00012520-00012710 and the few who are stupid enough to Z4vFwlkrrWE-00055-00012711-00013046 still believe in him Z4vFwlkrrWE-00056-00013047-00013286 trump who according to a 1990 vanity Z4vFwlkrrWE-00057-00013287-00013463 fair article owned a book of adolf Z4vFwlkrrWE-00058-00013463-00013575 hitler's speeches Z4vFwlkrrWE-00059-00013576-00013783 and kept it in his bedside cabinet Z4vFwlkrrWE-00060-00013784-00013983 clearly admires hitler and wishes he Z4vFwlkrrWE-00061-00013984-00014094 could do to immigrants Z4vFwlkrrWE-00062-00014095-00014463 what hitler did to the jews Z4vFwlkrrWE-00063-00014463-00014686 his re-embrace of zero tolerance at the Z4vFwlkrrWE-00064-00014687-00014894 border as policy and reinstitution of Z4vFwlkrrWE-00065-00014895-00015063 the separation of immigrant children Z4vFwlkrrWE-00066-00015063-00015166 from their parents Z4vFwlkrrWE-00067-00015168-00015784 is only the beginning Z5thGyjFQB8-00000-00000055-00000280 the advanced spaceborne thermal emission Z5thGyjFQB8-00001-00000281-00000567 and reflection radiometer aster is a Z5thGyjFQB8-00002-00000568-00000801 Japanese sensor which is one of five Z5thGyjFQB8-00003-00000802-00001078 remote sensory devices onboard the Terra Z5thGyjFQB8-00004-00001079-00001306 satellite launched into Earth orbit by Z5thGyjFQB8-00005-00001307-00001702 NASA in 1999 the instrument has been Z5thGyjFQB8-00006-00001703-00002034 collecting data since February 2000 Z5thGyjFQB8-00007-00002035-00002359 aster provides high-resolution images of Z5thGyjFQB8-00008-00002360-00002539 the planet Earth in fourteen different Z5thGyjFQB8-00009-00002540-00002751 bands of the electromagnetic spectrum Z5thGyjFQB8-00010-00002752-00003019 ranging from visible to thermal infrared Z5thGyjFQB8-00011-00003020-00003354 light the resolution of images ranges Z5thGyjFQB8-00012-00003355-00003697 between 15 and 90 meters aster data are Z5thGyjFQB8-00013-00003697-00003954 used to create detailed maps of surface Z5thGyjFQB8-00014-00003955-00004156 temperature of land emissivity Z5thGyjFQB8-00015-00004157-00004611 reflectance and elevation in April 2008 Z5thGyjFQB8-00016-00004612-00004927 the SWIR detectors of aster began Z5thGyjFQB8-00017-00004928-00005106 malfunctioning and were publicly Z5thGyjFQB8-00018-00005107-00005350 declared non operational by NASA in Z5thGyjFQB8-00019-00005351-00005866 January 2009 all SWIR data collected Z5thGyjFQB8-00020-00005867-00006156 after the first of April 2008 has been Z5thGyjFQB8-00021-00006157-00006391 marked as unusable the aster global Z5thGyjFQB8-00022-00006392-00006660 digital elevation model G de M is Z5thGyjFQB8-00023-00006661-00006877 available at no charge to users Z5thGyjFQB8-00024-00006878-00007153 worldwide via electronic download as of Z5thGyjFQB8-00025-00007154-00007473 the 2nd of April 2016 the entire catalog Z5thGyjFQB8-00026-00007475-00007741 of aster image data became publicly Z5thGyjFQB8-00027-00007742-00008062 available online at no cost it can be Z5thGyjFQB8-00028-00008063-00008248 downloaded with a free registered Z5thGyjFQB8-00029-00008249-00008445 account from either NASA's earth data Z5thGyjFQB8-00030-00008446-00008701 search delivery system or from the USGS Z5thGyjFQB8-00031-00008702-00009466 earth Explorer delivery system Z5thGyjFQB8-00032-00009467-00010377 topic astir bands Z5thGyjFQB8-00033-00010378-00010699 topic astir global digital elevation Z5thGyjFQB8-00034-00010700-00011467 model Z5thGyjFQB8-00035-00011468-00011986 topic version 1 Z5thGyjFQB8-00036-00011987-00012367 on the 29th of June 2009 the global Z5thGyjFQB8-00037-00012368-00012655 digital elevation model gde M was Z5thGyjFQB8-00038-00012656-00012952 released to the public a joint operation Z5thGyjFQB8-00039-00012953-00013240 between NASA and Japan's Ministry of Z5thGyjFQB8-00040-00013241-00013516 Economy Trade and Industry Medi the Z5thGyjFQB8-00041-00013516-00013735 global digital elevation model as the Z5thGyjFQB8-00042-00013736-00013947 most complete mapping of the earth ever Z5thGyjFQB8-00043-00013949-00014368 made covering 99% of its surface the Z5thGyjFQB8-00044-00014369-00014635 previous most comprehensive map NASA's Z5thGyjFQB8-00045-00014636-00014890 shuttle radar topography mission covered Z5thGyjFQB8-00046-00014891-00015136 approximately 80% of the Earth's surface Z5thGyjFQB8-00047-00015137-00015388 with a global resolution of 90 meters Z5thGyjFQB8-00048-00015388-00015663 and a resolution of 30 meters over the Z5thGyjFQB8-00049-00015665-00016138 USA the G de M covers the planet from 83 Z5thGyjFQB8-00050-00016138-00016399 degrees north to 83 degrees south Z5thGyjFQB8-00051-00016400-00016729 surpassing SRT M s coverage of 56 Z5thGyjFQB8-00052-00016730-00016924 degrees south to 60 degrees north Z5thGyjFQB8-00053-00016925-00017194 becoming the first earth mapping system Z5thGyjFQB8-00054-00017195-00017428 that provides comprehensive coverage of Z5thGyjFQB8-00055-00017429-00017731 the polar regions it was created by Z5thGyjFQB8-00056-00017732-00018100 compiling 1.3 million vni are images Z5thGyjFQB8-00057-00018101-00018357 taken by aster using single pass Z5thGyjFQB8-00058-00018358-00018619 stereoscopic correlation techniques with Z5thGyjFQB8-00059-00018620-00018826 terrain elevation measurements taken Z5thGyjFQB8-00060-00018827-00019141 globally at 30 meter 98 feet intervals Z5thGyjFQB8-00061-00019142-00019366 despite the high nominal resolution Z5thGyjFQB8-00062-00019367-00019606 however some reviewers have commented Z5thGyjFQB8-00063-00019607-00019828 that the true resolution is considerably Z5thGyjFQB8-00064-00019829-00020097 lower and not as good as that of srtm Z5thGyjFQB8-00065-00020098-00020359 data and serious artifacts are present Z5thGyjFQB8-00066-00020360-00020554 some of these limitations have been Z5thGyjFQB8-00067-00020555-00020785 confirmed by Metis and NASA who point Z5thGyjFQB8-00068-00020786-00020994 out that the current version of the GD Z5thGyjFQB8-00069-00020995-00021736 II M product US research grade Z5thGyjFQB8-00070-00021737-00022255 topic version two Z5thGyjFQB8-00071-00022256-00022564 during october 2011 version two of Z5thGyjFQB8-00072-00022565-00022807 global digital elevation model was Z5thGyjFQB8-00073-00022808-00023110 publicly released this is considered an Z5thGyjFQB8-00074-00023111-00023355 improvement upon version 1 these Z5thGyjFQB8-00075-00023356-00023539 improvements include increased Z5thGyjFQB8-00076-00023540-00023791 horizontal and vertical accuracy better Z5thGyjFQB8-00077-00023792-00024064 horizontal resolution reduced presence Z5thGyjFQB8-00078-00024065-00024307 of artifacts and more realistic values Z5thGyjFQB8-00079-00024308-00024655 over water bodies however one reviewer Z5thGyjFQB8-00080-00024656-00024913 still regards the Aster version two data Z5thGyjFQB8-00081-00024914-00024955 set Z5thGyjFQB8-00082-00024956-00025117 although showing a considerable Z5thGyjFQB8-00083-00025118-00025321 improvement in the effective level of Z5thGyjFQB8-00084-00025322-00025510 detail to still be regarded as Z5thGyjFQB8-00085-00025511-00025756 experimental or research grade due to Z5thGyjFQB8-00086-00025757-00026127 presence of artifacts a 2014 study Z5thGyjFQB8-00087-00026129-00026335 showed that over rugged mountainous Z5thGyjFQB8-00088-00026336-00026595 terrain the Aster version two data set Z5thGyjFQB8-00089-00026597-00026833 can be a more accurate representation of Z5thGyjFQB8-00090-00026833-00027623 the ground than the SRTM elevation model Z5thGyjFQB8-00091-00027624-00028162 topic see also Z5thGyjFQB8-00092-00028163-00028516 ground sample distance shuttle radar Z5thGyjFQB8-00093-00028517-00028957 topography mission SRTM Z7OjCxiH-Ey-00000-00000287-00002022 foreign Z7OjCxiH-Ey-00001-00002023-00003796 [Music] Z8g4_C3rWs8-00000-00000000-00000250 adversity builds resiliency and I don't Z8g4_C3rWs8-00001-00000252-00000407 think a lot of people understand is that Z8g4_C3rWs8-00002-00000408-00000659 resiliency is the thing after the Z8g4_C3rWs8-00003-00000660-00000821 adversity you can't say that you bounce Z8g4_C3rWs8-00004-00000822-00000977 back from a situation if you're not Z8g4_C3rWs8-00005-00000977-00001133 moving forward you can't say that you Z8g4_C3rWs8-00006-00001134-00001331 came from Rock Bottom if you still at Z8g4_C3rWs8-00007-00001332-00001481 Rock Bottom because you afraid to move Z8g4_C3rWs8-00008-00001482-00001612 forward because you know life's Gonna Z8g4_C3rWs8-00009-00001613-00001775 Knock you back down again let me Z8g4_C3rWs8-00010-00001776-00001960 rephrase that you're afraid that life Z8g4_C3rWs8-00011-00001961-00002542 will knock you back down again Z8g4_C3rWs8-00012-00002543-00002758 when you see somebody celebrating it's Z8g4_C3rWs8-00013-00002759-00002957 because of the things that they overcame Z8g4_C3rWs8-00014-00002958-00003354 that's why they're able to celebrate Z8g4_C3rWs8-00015-00003355-00003565 foreign Z8g4_C3rWs8-00016-00003565-00003815 I'm blessed to say that the leader that Z8g4_C3rWs8-00017-00003815-00004127 I am today the man that I am today the Z8g4_C3rWs8-00018-00004128-00004331 Marine that I am today that came from Z8g4_C3rWs8-00019-00004332-00004456 adversity Z8g4_C3rWs8-00020-00004457-00004691 that came from the trials and Z8g4_C3rWs8-00021-00004692-00004913 tribulations that came from the Z8g4_C3rWs8-00022-00004914-00005195 obstacles that are not in my faith Z8g4_C3rWs8-00023-00005196-00005525 so when it storms I'm not worried you Z8g4_C3rWs8-00024-00005526-00005729 ever seen somebody in the midst of Chaos Z8g4_C3rWs8-00025-00005730-00005872 in their car Z8g4_C3rWs8-00026-00005873-00006052 that's because they're used to it Z8g4_C3rWs8-00027-00006053-00006311 they've overcome so many obstacles Z8g4_C3rWs8-00028-00006312-00006478 enough that we're never in their favor Z8g4_C3rWs8-00029-00006479-00006659 that when something doesn't go wrong Z8g4_C3rWs8-00030-00006659-00007039 they don't freak out they don't trip Z8g4_C3rWs8-00031-00007040-00007360 adversity builds us for the version that Z8g4_C3rWs8-00032-00007361-00007589 we want to become Z8g4_C3rWs8-00033-00007590-00007787 if you want to become a better version Z8g4_C3rWs8-00034-00007788-00007967 of yourself you have to seek out Z8g4_C3rWs8-00035-00007968-00008209 challenges you have to seek out Z8g4_C3rWs8-00036-00008210-00008519 obstacles you have to be prepared to Z8g4_C3rWs8-00037-00008520-00008896 test yourself because if you're not you Z8g4_C3rWs8-00038-00008897-00009178 will never become the version of Z8g4_C3rWs8-00039-00009179-00009518 yourself that you're supposed to be Zqv0Ri81PGE-00000-00000052-00000312 destiny is an online-only multiplayer Zqv0Ri81PGE-00001-00000313-00000492 first-person shooter video game Zqv0Ri81PGE-00002-00000493-00000681 developed by Bungie and published by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00003-00000682-00000756 Activision Zqv0Ri81PGE-00004-00000757-00000985 it was released worldwide on September Zqv0Ri81PGE-00005-00000986-00001249 9th 2014 for the PlayStation 3 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00006-00001250-00001609 PlayStation 4 Xbox 360 and Xbox one Zqv0Ri81PGE-00007-00001610-00001914 consoles destiny marked bungees first Zqv0Ri81PGE-00008-00001916-00002115 new console franchise since the Halo Zqv0Ri81PGE-00009-00002116-00002320 series and it was the first game in a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00010-00002321-00002502 10-year agreement between Bungie and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00011-00002503-00002856 Activision sadena mythic science-fiction Zqv0Ri81PGE-00012-00002857-00003102 world the game features a multiplayer Zqv0Ri81PGE-00013-00003103-00003415 shared world environment with elements Zqv0Ri81PGE-00014-00003415-00003649 of role-playing games activities in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00015-00003650-00003865 destiny are divided among player versus Zqv0Ri81PGE-00016-00003865-00003994 environment PvE Zqv0Ri81PGE-00017-00003995-00004282 and player versus player PvP game types Zqv0Ri81PGE-00018-00004283-00004618 in addition to normal story missions PvE Zqv0Ri81PGE-00019-00004619-00004954 features three player strikes and six Zqv0Ri81PGE-00020-00004955-00005218 player raids a free roam patrol mode is Zqv0Ri81PGE-00021-00005219-00005407 also available for each planet and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00022-00005408-00005716 features public events PvP features Zqv0Ri81PGE-00023-00005717-00005905 objective based modes as well as Zqv0Ri81PGE-00024-00005906-00006120 traditional deathmatch game modes Zqv0Ri81PGE-00025-00006121-00006367 players take on the role of a guardian Zqv0Ri81PGE-00026-00006368-00006601 protectors of Earth's last safe city as Zqv0Ri81PGE-00027-00006602-00006751 they wield a power called light to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00028-00006752-00006928 protect the city from different alien Zqv0Ri81PGE-00029-00006929-00007225 races guardians are tasked with reviving Zqv0Ri81PGE-00030-00007226-00007405 a celestial being called the traveler Zqv0Ri81PGE-00031-00007406-00007588 while journeying to different planets to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00032-00007589-00007750 investigate and destroy the alien Zqv0Ri81PGE-00033-00007751-00007981 threats before humanity is completely Zqv0Ri81PGE-00034-00007981-00008275 wiped out Bungie released four expansion Zqv0Ri81PGE-00035-00008276-00008473 packs furthering the story and adding Zqv0Ri81PGE-00036-00008474-00008751 new content missions and new PvP modes Zqv0Ri81PGE-00037-00008752-00009034 year 1 of destiny featured two small Zqv0Ri81PGE-00038-00009035-00009264 expansions the dark below in December Zqv0Ri81PGE-00039-00009265-00009583 2014 in House of wolves in May 2015 a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00040-00009584-00009889 third larger expansion the taken king Zqv0Ri81PGE-00041-00009890-00010141 was released in September 2015 and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00042-00010142-00010342 marked the beginning of year 2 changing Zqv0Ri81PGE-00043-00010343-00010603 much of the core gameplay the base game Zqv0Ri81PGE-00044-00010604-00010783 and the first three expansions were Zqv0Ri81PGE-00045-00010784-00010993 packaged into destiny the taken King Zqv0Ri81PGE-00046-00010994-00011235 legendary edition another large Zqv0Ri81PGE-00047-00011236-00011434 expansion called rise of iron was Zqv0Ri81PGE-00048-00011435-00011628 released in September 2016 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00049-00011629-00011944 beginning year 3 rise of iron was only Zqv0Ri81PGE-00050-00011945-00012139 released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox Zqv0Ri81PGE-00051-00012140-00012502 one PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 clients Zqv0Ri81PGE-00052-00012503-00012700 subsequently stopped receiving content Zqv0Ri81PGE-00053-00012701-00012960 updates the base game and all four Zqv0Ri81PGE-00054-00012961-00013153 expansions were packaged into destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-00055-00013154-00013438 the collection a full sequel Zqv0Ri81PGE-00056-00013438-00013761 Destinee - released in September 2017 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00057-00013762-00014044 upon its release destiny received mixed Zqv0Ri81PGE-00058-00014044-00014212 to positive reviews with criticism Zqv0Ri81PGE-00059-00014213-00014391 centered mostly around the game's Zqv0Ri81PGE-00060-00014393-00014694 storyline and post campaign content the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00061-00014695-00014890 game was praised for maintaining lineage Zqv0Ri81PGE-00062-00014891-00015118 from the Halo franchise particularly in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00063-00015119-00015331 regards to its competitive experiences Zqv0Ri81PGE-00064-00015332-00015601 on day one of its release it sold Zqv0Ri81PGE-00065-00015602-00015883 through over 325 million dollars at Zqv0Ri81PGE-00066-00015884-00016111 retail in its first five days making it Zqv0Ri81PGE-00067-00016112-00016303 the biggest new franchise launch of all Zqv0Ri81PGE-00068-00016304-00016647 time it was games radars 2014 game of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00069-00016648-00016837 the year and it received the BAFTA Award Zqv0Ri81PGE-00070-00016838-00017056 for Best Game at the 2014 British Zqv0Ri81PGE-00071-00017057-00017754 Academy video games awards Zqv0Ri81PGE-00072-00017755-00018269 topic gameplay Zqv0Ri81PGE-00073-00018270-00018519 Destiny's style has been described as a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00074-00018520-00018725 first-person shooter that incorporates Zqv0Ri81PGE-00075-00018726-00018972 role playing an MMO elements but Bungie Zqv0Ri81PGE-00076-00018973-00019161 has avoided describing destiny as a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00077-00019162-00019475 traditional MMO game instead the game Zqv0Ri81PGE-00078-00019476-00019700 has been referred to as a shared world Zqv0Ri81PGE-00079-00019701-00019934 shooter as it lacks many of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00080-00019935-00020150 characteristics of a traditional MMO Zqv0Ri81PGE-00081-00020151-00020408 game for instance rather than players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00082-00020409-00020603 being able to communicate with all other Zqv0Ri81PGE-00083-00020604-00020769 players in the game or on a particular Zqv0Ri81PGE-00084-00020770-00021017 server as is the case in many Zqv0Ri81PGE-00085-00021018-00021324 conventional MMO games destiny includes Zqv0Ri81PGE-00086-00021325-00021486 on-the-fly matchmaking that allows Zqv0Ri81PGE-00087-00021487-00021672 players to communicate only with other Zqv0Ri81PGE-00088-00021673-00021942 players with whom they are matched by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00089-00021943-00022122 the game to communicate with other Zqv0Ri81PGE-00090-00022123-00022325 players in the game world players must Zqv0Ri81PGE-00091-00022326-00022536 use their respective consoles messaging Zqv0Ri81PGE-00092-00022537-00022817 system time limited events and modes are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00093-00022818-00023028 also occasionally added or featured in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00094-00023029-00023325 game activities in destiny are divided Zqv0Ri81PGE-00095-00023326-00023570 among player versus environment PvE and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00096-00023571-00023853 player versus player PvP game types Zqv0Ri81PGE-00097-00023854-00024003 across the Cosmodrome and the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00098-00024004-00024197 Plaguelands added with rise of iron on Zqv0Ri81PGE-00099-00024198-00024515 earth it's Moon Venus and Mars there are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00100-00024516-00024809 also pvp maps for Mars's moon Phobos and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00101-00024810-00025094 the planet Mercury a social space on Zqv0Ri81PGE-00102-00025095-00025268 Mercury was added with the House of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00103-00025269-00025481 wolves expansion but requires players to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00104-00025482-00025703 go undefeated in the trials of Osiris Zqv0Ri81PGE-00105-00025704-00025917 crucible mode in order to access it Zqv0Ri81PGE-00106-00025918-00026232 another PvE area a massive ship called Zqv0Ri81PGE-00107-00026233-00026408 the dreadnought that is situated in the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00108-00026409-00026645 rings of Saturn and two PvE missions on Zqv0Ri81PGE-00109-00026647-00026829 Phobos were added with the taken king Zqv0Ri81PGE-00110-00026830-00027364 expansion Zqv0Ri81PGE-00111-00027366-00027979 topic character progression in classes Zqv0Ri81PGE-00112-00027980-00028189 players are able to improve their Zqv0Ri81PGE-00113-00028189-00028402 characters referred to as guardians by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00114-00028402-00028717 gaining experience points exp when a set Zqv0Ri81PGE-00115-00028718-00028873 number of experience points are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00116-00028874-00029070 accumulated the players character will Zqv0Ri81PGE-00117-00029072-00029370 level up and gain improved statistics Zqv0Ri81PGE-00118-00029372-00029542 which further enhance performance in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00119-00029543-00029796 battle quests including the main Zqv0Ri81PGE-00120-00029797-00030133 scenario quest line are specific tasks Zqv0Ri81PGE-00121-00030133-00030286 given to the player by non player Zqv0Ri81PGE-00122-00030287-00030573 characters which reward items and exp Zqv0Ri81PGE-00123-00030574-00030808 completing main scenario quests Zqv0Ri81PGE-00124-00030808-00031002 progresses the overarching plot of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00125-00031003-00031308 game destiny features three character Zqv0Ri81PGE-00126-00031309-00031521 classes each class has their own Zqv0Ri81PGE-00127-00031522-00031746 specific upgrades perks special Zqv0Ri81PGE-00128-00031747-00031965 abilities and two subclasses that allow Zqv0Ri81PGE-00129-00031966-00032115 the player to finally tune their Zqv0Ri81PGE-00130-00032116-00032283 individual characters to provide a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00131-00032284-00032554 different play style after choosing a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00132-00032555-00032718 class players select one of three Zqv0Ri81PGE-00133-00032719-00032992 species for their character human awoken Zqv0Ri81PGE-00134-00032993-00033217 bluish grey skin descendants of humans Zqv0Ri81PGE-00135-00033218-00033532 or EXO humanoid machines they can then Zqv0Ri81PGE-00136-00033533-00033711 customize their character such as Zqv0Ri81PGE-00137-00033712-00033930 changing its gender or skin color a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00138-00033931-00034212 character species is only cosmetic and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00139-00034213-00034435 does not affect gameplay players can Zqv0Ri81PGE-00140-00034436-00034605 create two more characters to have a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00141-00034606-00034896 character of each class the taken Kling Zqv0Ri81PGE-00142-00034897-00035107 added a third subclass for each class Zqv0Ri81PGE-00143-00035108-00035355 but requires the purchase of the DLC to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00144-00035356-00035674 access the new subclasses hunters are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00145-00035675-00035851 designed to be like a bounty hunter with Zqv0Ri81PGE-00146-00035852-00036037 a focus on agility and mobility Zqv0Ri81PGE-00147-00036038-00036445 it's solar-based gunslinger subclass Zqv0Ri81PGE-00148-00036446-00036661 tree includes stat boosts that award Zqv0Ri81PGE-00149-00036662-00036858 accurate play a throwing knife attack Zqv0Ri81PGE-00150-00036859-00037057 the ability to upgrade to a triple jump Zqv0Ri81PGE-00151-00037058-00037408 and the Golden Gun super a very powerful Zqv0Ri81PGE-00152-00037409-00037648 flaming Magnum with a base magazine of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00153-00037649-00038012 three shots the arc based Blade Dancer Zqv0Ri81PGE-00154-00038013-00038280 subclass has a heavier focus on close Zqv0Ri81PGE-00155-00038281-00038551 combat offering an extended range blink Zqv0Ri81PGE-00156-00038552-00038935 strike and an arc blade super which Zqv0Ri81PGE-00157-00038936-00039096 allows the player to quickly dart Zqv0Ri81PGE-00158-00039097-00039261 between and kill enemies with a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00159-00039262-00039558 temporary invisibility option the taken Zqv0Ri81PGE-00160-00039559-00039830 King added the void based Night Stalker Zqv0Ri81PGE-00161-00039831-00040099 subclass that includes a bow like super Zqv0Ri81PGE-00162-00040100-00040386 called shadow shot the tethers enemies Zqv0Ri81PGE-00163-00040387-00040558 together limiting movement and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00164-00040559-00040749 preventing enemies from using abilities Zqv0Ri81PGE-00165-00040750-00041052 for a short time warlocks are designed Zqv0Ri81PGE-00166-00041053-00041248 as a mage or a space wizard with a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00167-00041249-00041371 larger focus on a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00168-00041372-00041584 offensive abilities recovery and melee Zqv0Ri81PGE-00169-00041585-00041749 attacks that can reduce the cooldown Zqv0Ri81PGE-00170-00041750-00042043 time of its abilities it's super in the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00171-00042044-00042493 voidwalker subclass nova bomb is an Zqv0Ri81PGE-00172-00042494-00042715 explosively powerful sphere avoid energy Zqv0Ri81PGE-00173-00042716-00042916 capable of being thrown in different Zqv0Ri81PGE-00174-00042917-00043330 ways it's sunsinger subclass features Zqv0Ri81PGE-00175-00043331-00043543 abilities based around the solar element Zqv0Ri81PGE-00176-00043544-00043825 with the radiance super allowing the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00177-00043826-00043993 player to temporarily improve their Zqv0Ri81PGE-00178-00043994-00044188 statistics or revive themselves if Zqv0Ri81PGE-00179-00044189-00044437 killed the taken King added the arc Zqv0Ri81PGE-00180-00044438-00044719 based storm collar subclass that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00181-00044720-00045046 includes the super storm trance which Zqv0Ri81PGE-00182-00045047-00045235 produces lightning bolts that change Zqv0Ri81PGE-00183-00045236-00045425 between enemies Zqv0Ri81PGE-00184-00045426-00045770 Titans are designed to be tanks with a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00185-00045771-00045983 focus on withstanding large amounts of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00186-00045984-00046183 damage to allow close quarters combat Zqv0Ri81PGE-00187-00046184-00046442 the Titans super in the arc based Zqv0Ri81PGE-00188-00046443-00046886 striker subclass fist of havoc is a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00189-00046887-00047114 ground slamming attack that destroys all Zqv0Ri81PGE-00190-00047115-00047398 enemies in its radius it's void based Zqv0Ri81PGE-00191-00047399-00047732 defender subclass offers the ability to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00192-00047733-00047992 generate a shield with its ward of dawn Zqv0Ri81PGE-00193-00047993-00048251 super the shield can also provide Zqv0Ri81PGE-00194-00048252-00048473 temporary stat bonuses to other players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00195-00048474-00048758 that step within it the taken King added Zqv0Ri81PGE-00196-00048759-00049091 the sunbreaker subclass which features a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00197-00049092-00049366 solar based super tough hammer of saw Zqv0Ri81PGE-00198-00049367-00049601 creating a flaming hammer that can be Zqv0Ri81PGE-00199-00049602-00049793 thrown at enemies or used for close Zqv0Ri81PGE-00200-00049794-00049973 quarters combat upon reaching the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00201-00049974-00050141 character level cap character Zqv0Ri81PGE-00202-00050142-00050318 progression shifts to improving their Zqv0Ri81PGE-00203-00050319-00050621 light level by acquiring new and better Zqv0Ri81PGE-00204-00050622-00050849 equipment this equipment can be gained Zqv0Ri81PGE-00205-00050850-00051028 through a variety of sources including Zqv0Ri81PGE-00206-00051029-00051430 strikes raids and in-game events prior Zqv0Ri81PGE-00207-00051432-00051650 to the taken king all legendary and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00208-00051651-00051875 exotic armor and some rare contained an Zqv0Ri81PGE-00209-00051876-00052115 attribute called light once players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00210-00052116-00052330 reach level 20 they no longer earned Zqv0Ri81PGE-00211-00052332-00052574 experience to level up exp earned after Zqv0Ri81PGE-00212-00052575-00052792 level 20 went towards upgrading weapons Zqv0Ri81PGE-00213-00052794-00053027 and armor and creating motes of light an Zqv0Ri81PGE-00214-00053028-00053315 in-game currency players could only go Zqv0Ri81PGE-00215-00053316-00053542 beyond level 20 by obtaining armor with Zqv0Ri81PGE-00216-00053544-00053708 light and these levels were referred to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00217-00053709-00053992 as light levels the initial light level Zqv0Ri81PGE-00218-00053994-00054251 cap was 30 which increased to 32 with Zqv0Ri81PGE-00219-00054252-00054473 the dark below and 34 with the House of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00220-00054474-00054821 wolves update patch 2.0 released in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00221-00054822-00055034 preparation for the taken King made the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00222-00055035-00055220 characters experience level and light Zqv0Ri81PGE-00223-00055221-00055457 level separate level 34 is now the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00224-00055458-00055664 experience level cap for all players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00225-00055665-00055898 level 40 for players who own the taken Zqv0Ri81PGE-00226-00055899-00056183 King and rise of iron a higher character Zqv0Ri81PGE-00227-00056184-00056378 level allows for better equipment to be Zqv0Ri81PGE-00228-00056379-00056603 equipped a character's light level is Zqv0Ri81PGE-00229-00056604-00056762 now an average of the attack and defense Zqv0Ri81PGE-00230-00056763-00057089 of all equipped gear for example if all Zqv0Ri81PGE-00231-00057090-00057365 equipped gear has 170 light each the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00232-00057366-00057623 character's light level will be 170 a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00233-00057624-00057884 higher light level improves damage Zqv0Ri81PGE-00234-00057885-00058151 output in defense the highest obtainable Zqv0Ri81PGE-00235-00058152-00058412 light level was 320 for players who Zqv0Ri81PGE-00236-00058413-00058598 owned the taken King the expansion's Zqv0Ri81PGE-00237-00058599-00058799 April update increased it to 3 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00238-00058800-00059027 hundred thirty five rise of iron Zqv0Ri81PGE-00239-00059028-00059222 increased the highest obtainable light Zqv0Ri81PGE-00240-00059223-00059441 level to four hundred players equipment Zqv0Ri81PGE-00241-00059441-00059744 includes weapons and armor legendary and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00242-00059745-00059954 exotic items are the best items for Zqv0Ri81PGE-00243-00059954-00060152 players characters and only one exotic Zqv0Ri81PGE-00244-00060153-00060398 weapon and one exotic armor excluding Zqv0Ri81PGE-00245-00060399-00060604 exotic class items can be equipped at Zqv0Ri81PGE-00246-00060605-00060851 one time there are several different Zqv0Ri81PGE-00247-00060852-00061025 classes of weapons that are categorized Zqv0Ri81PGE-00248-00061026-00061301 as either a primary special secondary or Zqv0Ri81PGE-00249-00061302-00061567 heavy weapon several weapons have an Zqv0Ri81PGE-00250-00061569-00061816 elemental damage type there is arc blue Zqv0Ri81PGE-00251-00061817-00062153 solar orange and void purple all damage Zqv0Ri81PGE-00252-00062154-00062345 types will deplete enemies shields of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00253-00062346-00062519 that type faster and the weapon will Zqv0Ri81PGE-00254-00062520-00062747 also do extra damage to enemies if the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00255-00062748-00062996 gameplay modifiers arc burn solar burn Zqv0Ri81PGE-00256-00062997-00063292 or void burn are active the original Zqv0Ri81PGE-00257-00063294-00063533 maximum attack damage for legendary and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00258-00063534-00063860 exotic weapons was 300 this increased to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00259-00063861-00064235 330 one with the dark below and 365 with Zqv0Ri81PGE-00260-00064236-00064460 the House of wolves because of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00261-00064461-00064642 change to the light level system the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00262-00064644-00064859 taken King numerically changed weapons Zqv0Ri81PGE-00263-00064860-00065257 of 365 damage to 170 but with no loss in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00264-00065258-00065597 damage output 365 damage of year 1 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00265-00065598-00065978 equals 170 damage of year 2 as with Zqv0Ri81PGE-00266-00065979-00066140 armored weapons attack damage Zqv0Ri81PGE-00267-00066141-00066341 contributes to the light level and all Zqv0Ri81PGE-00268-00066342-00066521 gear can be infused to increase their Zqv0Ri81PGE-00269-00066522-00066764 numbers there are six armor slots helmet Zqv0Ri81PGE-00270-00066765-00067040 gauntlets chest legs class item and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00271-00067041-00067250 artifact artifacts were added with the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00272-00067251-00067514 taken King each class has armors Zqv0Ri81PGE-00273-00067515-00067715 specific to them with exotic armor that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00274-00067716-00067979 complement a character's subclass each Zqv0Ri81PGE-00275-00067980-00068213 piece of armor increases overall defense Zqv0Ri81PGE-00276-00068214-00068486 before the taken King class items were Zqv0Ri81PGE-00277-00068487-00068702 only cosmetic such as the hunter's cloak Zqv0Ri81PGE-00278-00068703-00068876 and did not have any stat or defense Zqv0Ri81PGE-00279-00068877-00069182 boosts with the taken King update class Zqv0Ri81PGE-00280-00069183-00069335 items were given defense that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00281-00069336-00069505 contributes to players light level Zqv0Ri81PGE-00282-00069506-00069791 players ghost companion was also given Zqv0Ri81PGE-00283-00069792-00069986 defense with the taken King update that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00284-00069987-00070159 contributes to their light level in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00285-00070160-00070403 addition to earning gear from loot drops Zqv0Ri81PGE-00286-00070404-00070610 by playing missions and other activities Zqv0Ri81PGE-00287-00070611-00070817 players can purchase gear from faction Zqv0Ri81PGE-00288-00070818-00071048 vendors players can pledge their Zqv0Ri81PGE-00289-00071049-00071297 allegiance to one of three factions dead Zqv0Ri81PGE-00290-00071298-00071534 orbit future war cult or new monarchy Zqv0Ri81PGE-00291-00071535-00071747 and earning enough reputation with a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00292-00071748-00071930 faction allows players to earn and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00293-00071931-00072187 purchase that factions legendary items Zqv0Ri81PGE-00294-00072188-00072424 players also earn reputation with other Zqv0Ri81PGE-00295-00072425-00072598 vendors such as the Vanguard and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00296-00072599-00072835 crucible by doing playlists or bounties Zqv0Ri81PGE-00297-00072836-00073006 for that vendor which also have their Zqv0Ri81PGE-00298-00073007-00073644 own set of legendary items Zqv0Ri81PGE-00299-00073645-00074321 topic player versus environment PvE Zqv0Ri81PGE-00300-00074322-00074557 player versus environment game types Zqv0Ri81PGE-00301-00074558-00074746 makes up the majority of the game Zqv0Ri81PGE-00302-00074747-00075019 PvE story missions can be played either Zqv0Ri81PGE-00303-00075020-00075331 solo or as part of a fireteam of up to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00304-00075332-00075580 three players initially although there Zqv0Ri81PGE-00305-00075581-00075769 was an order to the story missions they Zqv0Ri81PGE-00306-00075770-00075935 could be played in any order as more Zqv0Ri81PGE-00307-00075936-00076207 missions became available for example Zqv0Ri81PGE-00308-00076208-00076393 after completing her second story Zqv0Ri81PGE-00309-00076394-00076612 mission three more became available but Zqv0Ri81PGE-00310-00076613-00076796 did not have to be played in story order Zqv0Ri81PGE-00311-00076797-00077066 the questing system introduced in house Zqv0Ri81PGE-00312-00077067-00077269 of wolves and refined in the taken King Zqv0Ri81PGE-00313-00077270-00077480 requires story missions to be played in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00314-00077481-00077668 order due to quest step progression Zqv0Ri81PGE-00315-00077669-00077944 every day a random story mission is Zqv0Ri81PGE-00316-00077945-00078128 featured as the daily heroic story Zqv0Ri81PGE-00317-00078129-00078400 mission featuring bonus rewards each Zqv0Ri81PGE-00318-00078401-00078611 playable area offers an open world Zqv0Ri81PGE-00319-00078612-00078935 patrol mode where players can travel Zqv0Ri81PGE-00320-00078936-00079144 freely around the area and perform small Zqv0Ri81PGE-00321-00079145-00079369 tasks gathered from beacons and they can Zqv0Ri81PGE-00322-00079370-00079529 collect materials that are used for Zqv0Ri81PGE-00323-00079530-00079792 upgrading weapons and armor players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00324-00079793-00080011 travel around the areas on foot or with Zqv0Ri81PGE-00325-00080012-00080188 their vehicles called sparrows very Zqv0Ri81PGE-00326-00080189-00080368 similar to the speeder bikes of Star Zqv0Ri81PGE-00327-00080369-00080654 Wars public events happen periodically Zqv0Ri81PGE-00328-00080655-00080887 and any player in the same location can Zqv0Ri81PGE-00329-00080888-00081142 participate these location specific Zqv0Ri81PGE-00330-00081143-00081379 events include eliminating a target Zqv0Ri81PGE-00331-00081380-00081584 defeating incoming waves of enemies and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00332-00081585-00081809 defending a war set a crashed satellite Zqv0Ri81PGE-00333-00081810-00082126 strikes our cooperative missions played Zqv0Ri81PGE-00334-00082127-00082292 with a party of three players that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00335-00082293-00082496 culminate with a boss most strikes are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00336-00082497-00082661 side missions that are not part of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00337-00082662-00082936 main plot players can play much harder Zqv0Ri81PGE-00338-00082937-00083092 versions of the strikes in what are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00339-00083093-00083291 called the Shiva crisis strike formerly Zqv0Ri81PGE-00340-00083292-00083518 Vanguard heroic playlist and the weekly Zqv0Ri81PGE-00341-00083519-00083707 nightfall strike which grant bonus Zqv0Ri81PGE-00342-00083708-00083974 rewards while the Shiva crisis is a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00343-00083975-00084179 playlist of strikes from the taken king Zqv0Ri81PGE-00344-00084180-00084361 and rise of iron as well as older Zqv0Ri81PGE-00345-00084362-00084566 strikes updated with taken and Shiva Zqv0Ri81PGE-00346-00084567-00084779 infected enemies the weekly nightfall Zqv0Ri81PGE-00347-00084780-00084982 strike which is harder than heroic is Zqv0Ri81PGE-00348-00084983-00085180 only one strike that changes every week Zqv0Ri81PGE-00349-00085181-00085436 with a chance for greater rewards the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00350-00085437-00085616 daily heroic story mission Zqv0Ri81PGE-00351-00085617-00085847 Shiva Crisis strike and weekly nightfall Zqv0Ri81PGE-00352-00085848-00086068 strike each feature game modifiers that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00353-00086069-00086368 increase difficulty game modifiers can Zqv0Ri81PGE-00354-00086369-00086542 be positive or negative for the player Zqv0Ri81PGE-00355-00086543-00086849 for example a positive modifier would be Zqv0Ri81PGE-00356-00086850-00087163 small arms where damage for the player's Zqv0Ri81PGE-00357-00087164-00087349 primary weapons are doubled but a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00358-00087350-00087649 negative modifier would be chaff where Zqv0Ri81PGE-00359-00087650-00087725 the players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00360-00087726-00087956 Dara's disabled raids are advanced Zqv0Ri81PGE-00361-00087957-00088133 cooperative missions designed to be Zqv0Ri81PGE-00362-00088134-00088370 played by a team of six players the only Zqv0Ri81PGE-00363-00088371-00088613 PvE game type that allows more than Zqv0Ri81PGE-00364-00088614-00088850 three players in a fireteam raids Zqv0Ri81PGE-00365-00088851-00089027 culminate with the elimination of a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00366-00089028-00089212 major boss that relates to the story Zqv0Ri81PGE-00367-00089213-00089477 with the release of rise of iron there Zqv0Ri81PGE-00368-00089478-00089792 are four raids in Destiny from social Zqv0Ri81PGE-00369-00089793-00090005 spaces the tower on earth the vestian Zqv0Ri81PGE-00370-00090006-00090218 outpost added with house of wolves and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00371-00090219-00090413 the iron temple added with rise of iron Zqv0Ri81PGE-00372-00090414-00090743 players can redeem engrams into items Zqv0Ri81PGE-00373-00090744-00090974 buy items and collect challenges known Zqv0Ri81PGE-00374-00090975-00091112 as bounties to complete during Zqv0Ri81PGE-00375-00091113-00091319 activities to earn experience build Zqv0Ri81PGE-00376-00091320-00091499 their reputation among factions and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00377-00091500-00091787 sometimes on items beyond armor and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00378-00091788-00091994 weapons items that players can obtain Zqv0Ri81PGE-00379-00091995-00092174 include ships that represent themselves Zqv0Ri81PGE-00380-00092175-00092384 during travel cutscenes shaders for Zqv0Ri81PGE-00381-00092385-00092576 customizing the color scheme of their Zqv0Ri81PGE-00382-00092577-00092759 armor emblems which are banners for Zqv0Ri81PGE-00383-00092760-00092990 players names emotes such as a dance or Zqv0Ri81PGE-00384-00092991-00093152 gesture and shells for their ghost Zqv0Ri81PGE-00385-00093153-00093683 companion Zqv0Ri81PGE-00386-00093684-00094355 topic player-versus-player PvP Zqv0Ri81PGE-00387-00094356-00094561 in addition to these player versus Zqv0Ri81PGE-00388-00094562-00094766 environment challenges player versus Zqv0Ri81PGE-00389-00094767-00094969 player combat exists in what is called Zqv0Ri81PGE-00390-00094970-00095246 the crucible the crucible which can have Zqv0Ri81PGE-00391-00095247-00095471 a maximum of 12 players depending on Zqv0Ri81PGE-00392-00095472-00095698 game type contains playlists of PvP Zqv0Ri81PGE-00393-00095699-00096243 modes including control clash Rumble and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00394-00096244-00096613 skirmish control as six versus six where Zqv0Ri81PGE-00395-00096614-00096787 teams try to capture and maintain Zqv0Ri81PGE-00396-00096788-00097105 control of zones clash is a classic six Zqv0Ri81PGE-00397-00097106-00097255 versus six team deathmatch Zqv0Ri81PGE-00398-00097256-00097501 Rumble is a six player free-for-all Zqv0Ri81PGE-00399-00097502-00097754 deathmatch skirmish is a three versus Zqv0Ri81PGE-00400-00097755-00097928 three deathmatch where players can Zqv0Ri81PGE-00401-00097929-00098212 revive allies new modes have been added Zqv0Ri81PGE-00402-00098213-00098471 via expansions including elimination Zqv0Ri81PGE-00403-00098472-00098719 house of wolves a similar mode to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00404-00098720-00098942 skirmish except divided into nine rounds Zqv0Ri81PGE-00405-00098943-00099112 in which the team must kill all three of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00406-00099113-00099416 their opponents at once rift the taken Zqv0Ri81PGE-00407-00099417-00099647 King a six versus six capture the flag Zqv0Ri81PGE-00408-00099648-00099844 like mode where players must deliver a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00409-00099845-00100178 spark to the opposing teams base killing Zqv0Ri81PGE-00410-00100179-00100531 enemies in its radius and supremacy rise Zqv0Ri81PGE-00411-00100532-00100774 of iron a six versus six mode where Zqv0Ri81PGE-00412-00100775-00100981 players drop crests when killed and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00413-00100982-00101179 points are scored by picking up crests Zqv0Ri81PGE-00414-00101180-00101362 dropped by the enemy team other modes Zqv0Ri81PGE-00415-00101363-00101554 are available occasionally during time Zqv0Ri81PGE-00416-00101555-00101915 limited periods such as Salvage a three Zqv0Ri81PGE-00417-00101916-00102106 versus three king of the hill game type Zqv0Ri81PGE-00418-00102107-00102406 combined arms where the controlling Zqv0Ri81PGE-00419-00102407-00102604 clash modes are on maps with vehicles Zqv0Ri81PGE-00420-00102605-00102919 and turrets inferno the dark below a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00421-00102920-00103141 modifier on multiple game modes where Zqv0Ri81PGE-00422-00103142-00103336 points are solely scored on kills and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00423-00103338-00103564 the player's radar is disabled doubles Zqv0Ri81PGE-00424-00103565-00103858 the dark below a two versus two version Zqv0Ri81PGE-00425-00103859-00104161 of skirmish mayhem the taken King a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00426-00104163-00104368 modifier on clash and Rumble where Zqv0Ri81PGE-00427-00104369-00104566 cooldown times for all abilities are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00428-00104567-00104876 greatly reduced and zone control the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00429-00104877-00105125 taken King a modified version of control Zqv0Ri81PGE-00430-00105126-00105286 where points are only scored for Zqv0Ri81PGE-00431-00105288-00105497 maintaining control of zones and not by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00432-00105498-00105806 kills or point captures a random mode is Zqv0Ri81PGE-00433-00105807-00105932 featured as the daily and weekly Zqv0Ri81PGE-00434-00105933-00106271 crucible mode with bonus rewards as of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00435-00106272-00106429 September 2015 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00436-00106430-00106636 players who do not own the taken King or Zqv0Ri81PGE-00437-00106638-00106858 rise of iron expansions only have access Zqv0Ri81PGE-00438-00106859-00107093 to three versus three and six versus six Zqv0Ri81PGE-00439-00107094-00107329 crucible play lists on previous maps Zqv0Ri81PGE-00440-00107330-00107533 with assorted modes and no longer have Zqv0Ri81PGE-00441-00107534-00107726 access to play lists for Zqv0Ri81PGE-00442-00107727-00107918 modes in crucible modes player Zqv0Ri81PGE-00443-00107919-00108128 statistics such as weapon power and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00444-00108129-00108409 defense are balanced between players the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00445-00108410-00108647 periodic events iron banner and trials Zqv0Ri81PGE-00446-00108648-00108854 of Osiris are offered which disable Zqv0Ri81PGE-00447-00108855-00109091 balancing these events have their own Zqv0Ri81PGE-00448-00109092-00109292 set of bounties and allows players the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00449-00109293-00109550 chance to earn exclusive items iron Zqv0Ri81PGE-00450-00109551-00109778 banner became available shortly after Zqv0Ri81PGE-00451-00109779-00109958 the launch of destiny and originally Zqv0Ri81PGE-00452-00109958-00110165 only used the control game-mode with the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00453-00110166-00110354 release of rise of iron it rotates Zqv0Ri81PGE-00454-00110355-00110627 between control clash Rift and supremacy Zqv0Ri81PGE-00455-00110628-00110908 it is available during the last week of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00456-00110909-00111164 each month trials of Osiris was added Zqv0Ri81PGE-00457-00111165-00111353 with the house of wolves expansion and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00458-00111354-00111572 uses the elimination mode it is Zqv0Ri81PGE-00459-00111573-00111740 available every weekend from Friday Zqv0Ri81PGE-00460-00111741-00111973 until the weekly reset on Tuesday Zqv0Ri81PGE-00461-00111974-00112244 players who go undefeated in this mode Zqv0Ri81PGE-00462-00112245-00112493 gain access to an exclusive social space Zqv0Ri81PGE-00463-00112494-00112708 on Mercury called the lighthouse a week Zqv0Ri81PGE-00464-00112709-00112895 prior to the launch of the rise of iron Zqv0Ri81PGE-00465-00112896-00113099 expansion the option to make private Zqv0Ri81PGE-00466-00113100-00113273 matches was added this option is Zqv0Ri81PGE-00467-00113274-00113483 available to all players on PlayStation Zqv0Ri81PGE-00468-00113483-00113708 4 and Xbox one regardless if they Zqv0Ri81PGE-00469-00113708-00113963 purchase rise of iron private matches Zqv0Ri81PGE-00470-00113964-00114191 allow players to set up their own custom Zqv0Ri81PGE-00471-00114192-00114458 matches customization options include Zqv0Ri81PGE-00472-00114458-00114680 game mode map score and time limits Zqv0Ri81PGE-00473-00114681-00114919 enabling light level and time of day Zqv0Ri81PGE-00474-00114920-00115157 players can choose the number of players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00475-00115158-00115328 for the match including beginning a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00476-00115329-00115940 match by themselves Zqv0Ri81PGE-00477-00115941-00116493 topic synopsis Zqv0Ri81PGE-00478-00116494-00116800 you Zqv0Ri81PGE-00479-00116801-00117284 topic setting Zqv0Ri81PGE-00480-00117285-00117527 Bunji described the setting of destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-00481-00117528-00117866 as a mythic science fiction world the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00482-00117867-00118088 setting about 700 years in the future Zqv0Ri81PGE-00483-00118089-00118281 follows a prosperous period of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00484-00118282-00118508 exploration peace and technological Zqv0Ri81PGE-00485-00118509-00118788 advancement known as the golden age in a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00486-00118789-00118968 universe where humans have spread out Zqv0Ri81PGE-00487-00118969-00119153 and colonized planets in the solar Zqv0Ri81PGE-00488-00119154-00119396 system an event known as the collapse Zqv0Ri81PGE-00489-00119397-00119670 saw the mysterious dissolution of these Zqv0Ri81PGE-00490-00119671-00119876 colonies the end of the Golden Age and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00491-00119877-00120035 mankind teetering on the brink of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00492-00120036-00120314 extinction the only known survivors of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00493-00120315-00120474 the collapse are those living on earth Zqv0Ri81PGE-00494-00120475-00120768 who are saved by the traveler a white Zqv0Ri81PGE-00495-00120769-00120948 spherical celestial body whose Zqv0Ri81PGE-00496-00120949-00121139 appearance centuries before had enabled Zqv0Ri81PGE-00497-00121140-00121310 humans to reach the Stars Zqv0Ri81PGE-00498-00121311-00121575 the collapse was caused by a mysterious Zqv0Ri81PGE-00499-00121576-00121773 force called the darkness an ancient Zqv0Ri81PGE-00500-00121774-00121940 enemy of the traveler that plagues the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00501-00121941-00122228 galaxy the traveler now hovers above the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00502-00122229-00122448 last safe city on earth simply called Zqv0Ri81PGE-00503-00122449-00122639 the last city which is surrounded by a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00504-00122640-00122852 massive wall and its presence allows the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00505-00122853-00123147 Guardians the defenders of the city the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00506-00123148-00123362 ability to wield an unknown power only Zqv0Ri81PGE-00507-00123363-00123677 referred to as light the player takes on Zqv0Ri81PGE-00508-00123678-00123839 the role of a guardian and is tasked Zqv0Ri81PGE-00509-00123840-00124001 with reviving the traveler while Zqv0Ri81PGE-00510-00124002-00124194 investigating and destroying alien Zqv0Ri81PGE-00511-00124195-00124395 threats before humanity is completely Zqv0Ri81PGE-00512-00124396-00124715 wiped out upon mankind's first attempt Zqv0Ri81PGE-00513-00124716-00124916 to repopulate and reconstruct after the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00514-00124917-00125118 collapse it is discovered that hostile Zqv0Ri81PGE-00515-00125119-00125331 alien races have occupied mankind's Zqv0Ri81PGE-00516-00125332-00125552 former colonies and civilizations and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00517-00125553-00125716 are now encroaching upon the city Zqv0Ri81PGE-00518-00125717-00125943 throughout the game players have to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00519-00125944-00126101 combat aggressive aliens who have Zqv0Ri81PGE-00520-00126102-00126369 occupied the solar system just like the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00521-00126370-00126539 light for the Guardians the darkness Zqv0Ri81PGE-00522-00126540-00126727 lends powers to these alien threats Zqv0Ri81PGE-00523-00126728-00126983 there are five separate races in the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00524-00126984-00127184 game each occupying different planets Zqv0Ri81PGE-00525-00127185-00127451 the Fallen are an insectoid race of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00526-00127452-00127650 nomadic pirates who scavenge ruined Zqv0Ri81PGE-00527-00127651-00127833 settlements on earth the moon and Venus Zqv0Ri81PGE-00528-00127833-00128141 for resources the hive are a macabre ace Zqv0Ri81PGE-00529-00128142-00128331 of ancient aliens who have created Zqv0Ri81PGE-00530-00128332-00128516 massive underground settlements beneath Zqv0Ri81PGE-00531-00128517-00128781 Earth and the moon's surface the vex are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00532-00128782-00129006 semi organic androids who are attempting Zqv0Ri81PGE-00533-00129007-00129203 to seize control of Venus and Mars by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00534-00129204-00129362 turning them into their machines which Zqv0Ri81PGE-00535-00129363-00129614 they have already done to mercury the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00536-00129615-00129822 Cabal are a military industrial empire Zqv0Ri81PGE-00537-00129823-00130016 of gigantic amphibians who have Zqv0Ri81PGE-00538-00130017-00130211 established massive fortifications on Zqv0Ri81PGE-00539-00130213-00130521 Mars the taken a new race introduced in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00540-00130522-00130634 the taken King are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00541-00130635-00130794 corrupted versions of regular enemies Zqv0Ri81PGE-00542-00130795-00131133 who infest areas on every planet rise of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00543-00131134-00131334 iron added a new faction of fallen Zqv0Ri81PGE-00544-00131335-00131511 called the devil splicers which are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00545-00131512-00131664 fallen who had been modified by a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00546-00131665-00131934 technological plague called Shiva they Zqv0Ri81PGE-00547-00131935-00132126 are found on earth in a zone outside of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00548-00132127-00132402 the wall called the Plaguelands every Zqv0Ri81PGE-00549-00132403-00132603 race utilizes different tactics and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00550-00132604-00132837 weapons in combat the falling possessed Zqv0Ri81PGE-00551-00132838-00133056 cloaking and short-range teleportation Zqv0Ri81PGE-00552-00133057-00133250 technologies to increase their mobility Zqv0Ri81PGE-00553-00133251-00133518 the hive use superior numbers to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00554-00133519-00133677 overwhelm their opponents in close Zqv0Ri81PGE-00555-00133678-00133866 quarters while more elite units attack Zqv0Ri81PGE-00556-00133867-00134142 from a distance the vex utilize hard Zqv0Ri81PGE-00557-00134143-00134334 light shields and teleport units of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00558-00134335-00134525 infantry into the battlefield on mass Zqv0Ri81PGE-00559-00134526-00134856 the Cabal rely on heavy armor ballistic Zqv0Ri81PGE-00560-00134857-00135062 shields and jump packs to combat players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00561-00135063-00135333 the taken in addition to all the other Zqv0Ri81PGE-00562-00135334-00135573 races specialties use high mobility and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00563-00135574-00135747 plenty of long-range attacks to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00564-00135748-00135972 outmaneuver the player the devil Zqv0Ri81PGE-00565-00135973-00136188 splicers use multiple unpredictable Zqv0Ri81PGE-00566-00136189-00136377 lightning like shots to surprise the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00567-00136378-00136536 player and hit them even while strafing Zqv0Ri81PGE-00568-00136537-00136797 all of these races are hostile towards Zqv0Ri81PGE-00569-00136798-00136980 each other with the exception of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00570-00136981-00137169 hive and the taken as they can often be Zqv0Ri81PGE-00571-00137170-00137355 observed attacking one another in game Zqv0Ri81PGE-00572-00137356-00137637 for territorial dominance the majority Zqv0Ri81PGE-00573-00137638-00137847 of the game's lore detailing backstory Zqv0Ri81PGE-00574-00137848-00138078 on characters weapons the alien races Zqv0Ri81PGE-00575-00138079-00138450 planets etc is found in grimoire cards Zqv0Ri81PGE-00576-00138451-00138591 collected throughout the game and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00577-00138592-00138786 accessed through bungees website and the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00578-00138787-00139328 Destiny app Zqv0Ri81PGE-00579-00139329-00139828 topic characters Zqv0Ri81PGE-00580-00139829-00140041 in addition to the players Guardian Zqv0Ri81PGE-00581-00140042-00140278 destiny has many non playable characters Zqv0Ri81PGE-00582-00140279-00140519 NPCs that aid the Guardians either in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00583-00140520-00140710 story missions or by selling gear Zqv0Ri81PGE-00584-00140711-00141056 weapons or materials the main NPCs in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00585-00141057-00141244 destiny are ghosts originally Peter Zqv0Ri81PGE-00586-00141245-00141506 Dinklage replaced by Nolan North a robot Zqv0Ri81PGE-00587-00141507-00141715 artificial intelligence that accompanies Zqv0Ri81PGE-00588-00141716-00141934 the Guardians the speaker Bill Nighy the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00589-00141935-00142138 representative of the traveler the EXO Zqv0Ri81PGE-00590-00142139-00142193 stranger Zqv0Ri81PGE-00591-00142194-00142481 lauren cohan a mysterious female EXO who Zqv0Ri81PGE-00592-00142482-00142621 is interested in the Guardians Zqv0Ri81PGE-00593-00142622-00142852 activities but is not a guardian herself Zqv0Ri81PGE-00594-00142853-00143140 Mara sov Kirsten Potter the queen of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00595-00143141-00143341 reef and the awoken and the Cal leader Zqv0Ri81PGE-00596-00143342-00143554 of the Fallen House of wolves Prince Zqv0Ri81PGE-00597-00143555-00143819 Aldrin sov Brandon O'Neil the Queen's Zqv0Ri81PGE-00598-00143820-00144079 brother I Cora Rae Gina Torres the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00599-00144080-00144313 warlock vanguard commander Zavala Lance Zqv0Ri81PGE-00600-00144314-00144649 Reddick the Titan Vanguard CA y de 6 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00601-00144650-00144871 nathan fillion the hunter vanguard and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00602-00144872-00145153 master rahul erica vari the towers crypt Zqv0Ri81PGE-00603-00145154-00145343 air 2 decodes engrams and buys Zqv0Ri81PGE-00604-00145344-00145621 curiosities from guardians the players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00605-00145622-00145837 Guardian is voiced by one of six people Zqv0Ri81PGE-00606-00145838-00146071 depending on which species and gender Zqv0Ri81PGE-00607-00146072-00146248 the player selects when creating their Zqv0Ri81PGE-00608-00146249-00146452 character Matthew Mercer and Susan Zqv0Ri81PGE-00609-00146453-00146665 Eisenberg is the male and female human Zqv0Ri81PGE-00610-00146666-00146857 Guardians Crispin Freeman and grey Zqv0Ri81PGE-00611-00146858-00147068 Griffin as the male and female awoken Zqv0Ri81PGE-00612-00147069-00147265 guardians and Peter Jessup and Cree Zqv0Ri81PGE-00613-00147266-00147457 summer as the male and female EXO Zqv0Ri81PGE-00614-00147458-00147523 Guardians Zqv0Ri81PGE-00615-00147524-00147751 other notable NPCs include lord shaxx Zqv0Ri81PGE-00616-00147752-00147976 Lennie James The Crucible handler Zqv0Ri81PGE-00617-00147977-00148194 lakshmi to shohreh aghdashloo Zqv0Ri81PGE-00618-00148195-00148447 representative of future war cult iraq Zqv0Ri81PGE-00619-00148448-00148684 jalal peter stormare representative of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00620-00148685-00148956 dead orbit executor hideo James remar Zqv0Ri81PGE-00621-00148957-00149182 representative of new monarchy Tess Zqv0Ri81PGE-00622-00149183-00149410 Everest Claudia black ever vers trading Zqv0Ri81PGE-00623-00149411-00149629 company microtransaction vendor that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00624-00149630-00149911 primarily sells emotes banshee 44 john Zqv0Ri81PGE-00625-00149912-00150160 dimaggio the gunsmith amanda holiday Zqv0Ri81PGE-00626-00150161-00150358 curtain a tailor ship and sparrow Zqv0Ri81PGE-00627-00150359-00150598 merchant lord saladin keith Ferguson Zqv0Ri81PGE-00628-00150599-00150814 former iron banner vendor who became the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00629-00150815-00151094 main NPC of rise of iron sir Fred toss Zqv0Ri81PGE-00630-00151095-00151315 Ori an agent of the nine and exotic Zqv0Ri81PGE-00631-00151316-00151540 items vendor an evil Levante Nika Zqv0Ri81PGE-00632-00151541-00151741 Futterman the guardian outfitter vendor Zqv0Ri81PGE-00633-00151742-00151927 that sells emblems and armor shaders Zqv0Ri81PGE-00634-00151928-00152119 several characters were introduced in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00635-00152120-00152318 the expansions and events of destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-00636-00152319-00152599 these include petra venj April Stewart Zqv0Ri81PGE-00637-00152600-00152812 the Queen's emissary who was introduced Zqv0Ri81PGE-00638-00152813-00152962 with the queen's wrath event and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00639-00152963-00153161 returned as a main NPC in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00640-00153162-00153401 of wolves ERISA mourn morally Goran Dona Zqv0Ri81PGE-00641-00153402-00153617 crotas bane vendor that was introduced Zqv0Ri81PGE-00642-00153618-00153878 as the main NPC of the dark below and as Zqv0Ri81PGE-00643-00153879-00154136 a main NPC of the taken King variks the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00644-00154137-00154340 loyal' Dee Bradley Baker House of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00645-00154341-00154526 judgement vendor who was introduced as a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00646-00154527-00154769 main NPC of the house of wolves and as a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00647-00154770-00155000 falling vandal loyal to the Queen Master Zqv0Ri81PGE-00648-00155001-00155210 Ives Gideon Emery the vestian out Zqv0Ri81PGE-00649-00155211-00155432 postscript arch brother Vance Bob Zqv0Ri81PGE-00650-00155433-00155675 O'Donnell a disciple of Osiris and the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00651-00155676-00155954 trials of Osiris vendor Osiris as a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00652-00155955-00156158 character in the lore of Destiny Tyra Zqv0Ri81PGE-00653-00156159-00156377 Karn an archivist in the iron temple Zqv0Ri81PGE-00654-00156378-00156578 added with rise of iron who is also a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00655-00156579-00156812 crypt arch Shiro for a scout and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00656-00156813-00157013 vanguard vendor in the iron temple and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00657-00157014-00157262 lady effort eat Reva DiPaola a former Zqv0Ri81PGE-00658-00157263-00157463 iron lord discovered to still be alive Zqv0Ri81PGE-00659-00157464-00157654 who has taken command of the iron banner Zqv0Ri81PGE-00660-00157655-00157895 in Saladin's place as Saladin is now Zqv0Ri81PGE-00661-00157896-00158538 focused on the Shiva crisis Zqv0Ri81PGE-00662-00158539-00158957 topic plot Zqv0Ri81PGE-00663-00158958-00159249 when the game begins goes to searching Zqv0Ri81PGE-00664-00159250-00159450 among the detritus of old Russia until Zqv0Ri81PGE-00665-00159451-00159612 it finds and resurrects the players Zqv0Ri81PGE-00666-00159613-00159777 Guardian who had been killed in an Zqv0Ri81PGE-00667-00159778-00160020 ancient battle ghost then guides the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00668-00160021-00160209 Guardian to a jump ship and they take it Zqv0Ri81PGE-00669-00160210-00160461 to the tower there they meet the speaker Zqv0Ri81PGE-00670-00160462-00160707 who briefs them about the darkness The Zqv0Ri81PGE-00671-00160708-00160878 Guardian is then tasked to probe the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00672-00160879-00161115 nearby cosmodrome where humanity used to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00673-00161116-00161253 launch its forays into outer space Zqv0Ri81PGE-00674-00161254-00161457 fending off fallen enemies and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00675-00161458-00161616 eventually the hive who were thought to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00676-00161617-00161835 have been confined to the moon The Zqv0Ri81PGE-00677-00161836-00162030 Guardian discovers that an old Russian Zqv0Ri81PGE-00678-00162031-00162246 War mine called Rasputin's an AI built Zqv0Ri81PGE-00679-00162247-00162414 to defend earth is still alive and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00680-00162415-00162693 acting with unknown intent the Guardian Zqv0Ri81PGE-00681-00162694-00162882 also tracks down codes to raise an Zqv0Ri81PGE-00682-00162883-00163080 ancient array to connect it to long lost Zqv0Ri81PGE-00683-00163081-00163278 colonies throughout the solar system and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00684-00163279-00163461 finds that rasputin's controlling the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00685-00163462-00163719 array they then set off to the moon in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00686-00163720-00163911 search of a lost Guardian who is looking Zqv0Ri81PGE-00687-00163912-00164160 for a way into the high fortress after Zqv0Ri81PGE-00688-00164161-00164394 locating his corpse and dead ghost the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00689-00164395-00164592 players Guardians ghost discovers that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00690-00164593-00164766 the hive are raising an army and planned Zqv0Ri81PGE-00691-00164767-00165018 to invade Earth The Guardian quickly Zqv0Ri81PGE-00692-00165019-00165180 sets about disrupting their efforts Zqv0Ri81PGE-00693-00165181-00165348 including shutting down a ritual that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00694-00165349-00165543 the hive were using to drain power from Zqv0Ri81PGE-00695-00165544-00165726 the traveler destroying a powerful Zqv0Ri81PGE-00696-00165727-00165894 weapon called the sword of crota and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00697-00165895-00166007 severing their long-distance Zqv0Ri81PGE-00698-00166008-00166302 communications around this time the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00699-00166303-00166482 Guardian is contacted by the EXO Zqv0Ri81PGE-00700-00166483-00166707 stranger a mysterious woman who summons Zqv0Ri81PGE-00701-00166708-00166896 them to Venus to face a new enemy the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00702-00166897-00167208 vex when the Guardian arrives on Venus Zqv0Ri81PGE-00703-00167209-00167439 the EXO stranger describes the vex as an Zqv0Ri81PGE-00704-00167440-00167745 evil so dark it despises other evil she Zqv0Ri81PGE-00705-00167746-00167943 tells them about the black garden a city Zqv0Ri81PGE-00706-00167944-00168138 where the vex are born and implores the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00707-00168139-00168288 Guardian to find it and rip out its Zqv0Ri81PGE-00708-00168289-00168504 heart as it is the only way the traveler Zqv0Ri81PGE-00709-00168505-00168750 will begin to heal ghost says that they Zqv0Ri81PGE-00710-00168751-00168933 need to speak to the awoken who lurk out Zqv0Ri81PGE-00711-00168934-00169131 in the reef and refused to take sides in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00712-00169132-00169434 the galaxy's wars the EXO stranger then Zqv0Ri81PGE-00713-00169435-00169578 leaves as she did not have time to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00714-00169579-00169872 explain things further once the Guardian Zqv0Ri81PGE-00715-00169873-00170040 arrives at the reef they meet the queen Zqv0Ri81PGE-00716-00170041-00170268 of the reef Mara sov and her brother Zqv0Ri81PGE-00717-00170269-00170532 Prince Aldrin sov who tells the Guardian Zqv0Ri81PGE-00718-00170533-00170661 that they will help them locate the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00719-00170662-00170820 black garden if they bring them the head Zqv0Ri81PGE-00720-00170821-00171099 of a VEX gate Lord the guardian travels Zqv0Ri81PGE-00721-00171100-00171279 back to Venus where they uncover the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00722-00171280-00171486 archive which reveals secrets about the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00723-00171487-00171693 vex including the location of a place Zqv0Ri81PGE-00724-00171694-00171873 called the vault of glass and pathways Zqv0Ri81PGE-00725-00171874-00172218 across the galaxy after defeating Drax Zqv0Ri81PGE-00726-00172219-00172407 a falling quel of the house of winter Zqv0Ri81PGE-00727-00172408-00172623 the guardian confronts the VEX gate Lord Zqv0Ri81PGE-00728-00172624-00172841 claims its head and returns to the queen Zqv0Ri81PGE-00729-00172842-00173007 who tells them to take its eye to the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00730-00173008-00173201 Meridian Bay on Mars where it can be Zqv0Ri81PGE-00731-00173202-00173441 used to enter the black garden after Zqv0Ri81PGE-00732-00173442-00173651 arriving on Mars in the Meridian Bay Zqv0Ri81PGE-00733-00173652-00173840 Ghost informs the guardian of its Zqv0Ri81PGE-00734-00173841-00174101 inhabitants the Cabal have been trying Zqv0Ri81PGE-00735-00174102-00174261 to break the encryption on the VEX gate Zqv0Ri81PGE-00736-00174262-00174471 with only limited success but they do Zqv0Ri81PGE-00737-00174472-00174648 control many of the places that the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00738-00174649-00174834 Guardian needs to visit on Mars thanks Zqv0Ri81PGE-00739-00174835-00175047 to their exclusion zone which nobody had Zqv0Ri81PGE-00740-00175048-00175304 ever penetrated the players guardian Zqv0Ri81PGE-00741-00175305-00175475 becomes the first to penetrate the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00742-00175476-00175671 exclusion zone and heads to the garden Zqv0Ri81PGE-00743-00175672-00175877 spire which charges the gate Lords eye Zqv0Ri81PGE-00744-00175878-00176177 they also travel to the buried city the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00745-00176178-00176397 birthplace of many technological wonders Zqv0Ri81PGE-00746-00176398-00176571 where they discover an AI that used to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00747-00176572-00176772 be linked to the war mind of Mars but is Zqv0Ri81PGE-00748-00176773-00177009 now controlled by rasputin's with the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00749-00177010-00177164 vex now present on Mars Zqv0Ri81PGE-00750-00177165-00177311 The Guardian finds out what they are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00751-00177312-00177474 doing they are returning to their home Zqv0Ri81PGE-00752-00177475-00177779 the black garden the guardian then sets Zqv0Ri81PGE-00753-00177780-00177993 off to the black garden after going Zqv0Ri81PGE-00754-00177994-00178136 through a teleporter they find Zqv0Ri81PGE-00755-00178137-00178332 themselves in a place that is not on any Zqv0Ri81PGE-00756-00178333-00178569 map of known space and time after Zqv0Ri81PGE-00757-00178570-00178806 several battles the Guardian reaches the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00758-00178807-00178983 heart of the black garden which the vex Zqv0Ri81PGE-00759-00178984-00179199 appeared to be worshipping the heart Zqv0Ri81PGE-00760-00179200-00179496 summons three saw progeny a group of vex Zqv0Ri81PGE-00761-00179497-00179729 units called eschaton mind imminent mind Zqv0Ri81PGE-00762-00179730-00180009 and primeval mind after defeating the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00763-00180010-00180227 three saw progeny the heart is destroyed Zqv0Ri81PGE-00764-00180228-00180413 returning The Guardian to Mars and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00765-00180414-00180570 lifting the shroud of darkness from the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00766-00180571-00180858 traveler back on earth at the tower the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00767-00180859-00181056 speaker addresses gathered guardians in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00768-00181057-00181337 a celebratory speech over in the nearby Zqv0Ri81PGE-00769-00181338-00181533 hangar though the players Guardian Zqv0Ri81PGE-00770-00181534-00181758 converses with the EXO stranger who says Zqv0Ri81PGE-00771-00181759-00182039 that the fight is far from over with the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00772-00182040-00182216 heart of the black garden destroyed a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00773-00182217-00182433 team of Guardians decide to investigate Zqv0Ri81PGE-00774-00182434-00182670 the mysterious vault of glass vault of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00775-00182671-00182987 glass raid described as the vex Zqv0Ri81PGE-00776-00182988-00183261 underworld by the Ishtar collective the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00777-00183262-00183423 vault is a realm where the vex can Zqv0Ri81PGE-00778-00183424-00183686 control reality even erase people from Zqv0Ri81PGE-00779-00183687-00183926 existence a power used by a vex sub-race Zqv0Ri81PGE-00780-00183927-00184190 called Gorgons while these powers do not Zqv0Ri81PGE-00781-00184191-00184371 extend to outside the vault its Zqv0Ri81PGE-00782-00184372-00184569 enigmatic nature has lured countless Zqv0Ri81PGE-00783-00184570-00184806 Guardians including the ill-fated kab Zqv0Ri81PGE-00784-00184807-00184998 are the legion list and praedyth in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00785-00184999-00185193 their descent of the vault the team Zqv0Ri81PGE-00786-00185194-00185493 defeats the Templar in its Oracle's they Zqv0Ri81PGE-00787-00185494-00185608 then successfully Zqv0Ri81PGE-00788-00185609-00185851 the Gorgons labyrinth undetected before Zqv0Ri81PGE-00789-00185852-00186121 reaching atheon times conflux a central Zqv0Ri81PGE-00790-00186122-00186325 figure of the VEX Conflux network who Zqv0Ri81PGE-00791-00186326-00186508 has powerful control over time Zqv0Ri81PGE-00792-00186509-00186676 being able to send Guardians into the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00793-00186677-00186925 distant past or future at will after Zqv0Ri81PGE-00794-00186926-00187104 fighting their way through time the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00795-00187105-00187318 Guardians defeat atheon eliminating a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00796-00187319-00187945 major threat of the vex Zqv0Ri81PGE-00797-00187946-00188472 topic development Zqv0Ri81PGE-00798-00188473-00188725 development for destiny began at Bungie Zqv0Ri81PGE-00799-00188726-00189036 in 2010 under the codename project tiger Zqv0Ri81PGE-00800-00189037-00189286 shortly after the release of Halo Reach Zqv0Ri81PGE-00801-00189287-00189550 this coincided with the announcement of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00802-00189551-00189721 a 10-year publishing agreement with Zqv0Ri81PGE-00803-00189722-00189966 Activision Blizzard under bungees Zqv0Ri81PGE-00804-00189967-00190120 agreement with activision new Zqv0Ri81PGE-00805-00190121-00190306 intellectual property developed by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00806-00190307-00190491 Bungie will be owned by Bungie not Zqv0Ri81PGE-00807-00190492-00190699 Activision in a deal similar to the EA Zqv0Ri81PGE-00808-00190700-00190965 partners program details of this Zqv0Ri81PGE-00809-00190966-00191149 contract were revealed during the course Zqv0Ri81PGE-00810-00191150-00191352 of Activision's lawsuit against Jason Zqv0Ri81PGE-00811-00191353-00191593 West and Vincent Zampella founders and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00812-00191594-00191785 former employees of Infinity Ward Zqv0Ri81PGE-00813-00191786-00191998 including provisions for for destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-00814-00191999-00192163 games over the course of the 10-year Zqv0Ri81PGE-00815-00192164-00192487 deal initially Activision Blizzard CEO Zqv0Ri81PGE-00816-00192488-00192709 Robert kodick suggested that the total Zqv0Ri81PGE-00817-00192710-00192891 investment in destiny would be around Zqv0Ri81PGE-00818-00192892-00193261 500 million dollars Bungie co-opt Zqv0Ri81PGE-00819-00193262-00193440 Parsons clarified that the game's Zqv0Ri81PGE-00820-00193441-00193657 development cost is not even close to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00821-00193658-00193948 500 million dollars saying for marketing Zqv0Ri81PGE-00822-00193949-00194178 you'd have to ask Activision people but Zqv0Ri81PGE-00823-00194179-00194437 for development costs not anything close Zqv0Ri81PGE-00824-00194438-00194794 to 500 million dollars Activision Zqv0Ri81PGE-00825-00194795-00195019 subsequently confirmed the five hundred Zqv0Ri81PGE-00826-00195020-00195208 million dollars figure stating that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00827-00195209-00195436 marketing upfront infrastructure costs Zqv0Ri81PGE-00828-00195437-00195625 an investment in the games engine were Zqv0Ri81PGE-00829-00195626-00195816 included and could be amortized over the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00830-00195817-00196084 life of the IP Bungie would earn an Zqv0Ri81PGE-00831-00196085-00196246 additional two point five million Zqv0Ri81PGE-00832-00196247-00196471 dollars bonus payout if the first game Zqv0Ri81PGE-00833-00196472-00196687 achieved a Metacritic score of 90 or Zqv0Ri81PGE-00834-00196688-00197004 above by mid-2013 most of the groundwork Zqv0Ri81PGE-00835-00197005-00197185 for destiny had been completed including Zqv0Ri81PGE-00836-00197186-00197434 lore game engine and many environments Zqv0Ri81PGE-00837-00197435-00197599 and missions tracking for a September Zqv0Ri81PGE-00838-00197600-00197765 2013 release Zqv0Ri81PGE-00839-00197766-00198153 however Super client of the game's story Zqv0Ri81PGE-00840-00198154-00198325 and mission structure presented by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00841-00198326-00198564 Joseph statins writing team did not test Zqv0Ri81PGE-00842-00198565-00198772 well with Bungie upper management led by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00843-00198773-00198988 Jason Jones Jones felt that the story Zqv0Ri81PGE-00844-00198989-00199227 was too dense and linear a design Zqv0Ri81PGE-00845-00199228-00199416 philosophy he felt was important to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00846-00199417-00199590 destiny was the ability for the player Zqv0Ri81PGE-00847-00199591-00199752 to choose where to go at any time Zqv0Ri81PGE-00848-00199753-00199987 as a result the entire mission Zqv0Ri81PGE-00849-00199988-00200173 progression of the game was rebuilt Zqv0Ri81PGE-00850-00200174-00200466 between mid-2013 and the games launch in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00851-00200467-00200722 September 2014 shifting away from a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00852-00200723-00200893 structure that quickly introduced the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00853-00200894-00201126 four major environments earth the Moon Zqv0Ri81PGE-00854-00201127-00201433 Venus and Mars to a hub based structure Zqv0Ri81PGE-00855-00201434-00201601 in which each planet would be visited Zqv0Ri81PGE-00856-00201602-00201796 sequentially with an expanding variety Zqv0Ri81PGE-00857-00201797-00201853 of missions Zqv0Ri81PGE-00858-00201854-00202162 each existing missions were spliced and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00859-00202163-00202321 rearranged to fit this new paradigm Zqv0Ri81PGE-00860-00202322-00202563 including dialogue and cinematics Zqv0Ri81PGE-00861-00202564-00202792 Statten decided to leave the company Zqv0Ri81PGE-00862-00202793-00202969 amidst this reboot though this would not Zqv0Ri81PGE-00863-00202970-00203212 be announced until September 2013 to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00864-00203213-00203431 cement the new framework Jones developed Zqv0Ri81PGE-00865-00203432-00203632 the director interface that exists in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00866-00203633-00203791 the shipping version of the game from Zqv0Ri81PGE-00867-00203792-00203950 which planets and missions can be Zqv0Ri81PGE-00868-00203951-00204268 selected he also established the iron Zqv0Ri81PGE-00869-00204269-00204559 bar a series of executive meetings which Zqv0Ri81PGE-00870-00204560-00204697 would oversee the massive project Zqv0Ri81PGE-00871-00204698-00204990 restructuring this also involved ress Zqv0Ri81PGE-00872-00204991-00205186 coping the project to be more focused Zqv0Ri81PGE-00873-00205187-00205405 areas such as the high fortress Zqv0Ri81PGE-00874-00205406-00205615 dreadnought an earth location called the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00875-00205616-00205852 European dead zone and Osiris temple on Zqv0Ri81PGE-00876-00205853-00206094 Mercury were cut all would later return Zqv0Ri81PGE-00877-00206096-00206362 in future installments the restructuring Zqv0Ri81PGE-00878-00206363-00206571 also required an internal delay of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00879-00206573-00206803 release date first from September 2013 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00880-00206804-00207066 to March 2014 and again to its actual Zqv0Ri81PGE-00881-00207067-00207441 release of September 9 2014 with statins Zqv0Ri81PGE-00882-00207442-00207646 departure the writing team he had built Zqv0Ri81PGE-00883-00207646-00207846 at Bungie for the Halo series was left Zqv0Ri81PGE-00884-00207848-00208146 leaderless and isolated as a result much Zqv0Ri81PGE-00885-00208148-00208333 of this extra time was spent perfecting Zqv0Ri81PGE-00886-00208334-00208519 the gameplay and feel of the shooting Zqv0Ri81PGE-00887-00208519-00208698 while the narrative was only polished to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00888-00208700-00208921 a perfunctory level and the story was Zqv0Ri81PGE-00889-00208921-00209308 written without riders on April 11 2014 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00890-00209309-00209541 Bungie fired its longtime composer and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00891-00209542-00209817 audio director Martin O'Donnell for Zqv0Ri81PGE-00892-00209819-00210034 destiny O'Donnell collaborated with Paul Zqv0Ri81PGE-00893-00210035-00210184 McCartney on an eighth movement Zqv0Ri81PGE-00894-00210185-00210369 symphonic suite called music of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00895-00210371-00210694 spheres which was completed in 2013 the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00896-00210694-00210862 dispute which led to his termination Zqv0Ri81PGE-00897-00210863-00211078 originated from O'Donnell's belief that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00898-00211079-00211267 the activision deal had begun to erode Zqv0Ri81PGE-00899-00211267-00211482 the collegial culture at Bungie Zqv0Ri81PGE-00900-00211483-00211705 Activision was reluctant to release the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00901-00211706-00211900 symphony as a standalone work and went Zqv0Ri81PGE-00902-00211901-00212089 over Oh Donald had to replace it with Zqv0Ri81PGE-00903-00212090-00212356 their own music in a prominent III 2013 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00904-00212357-00212617 trailer in the ensuing disagreement Zqv0Ri81PGE-00905-00212617-00212803 O'Donnell came into conflict with both Zqv0Ri81PGE-00906-00212804-00213010 Activision and Bungie leadership and was Zqv0Ri81PGE-00907-00213011-00213310 accused of unacceptable conduct in his Zqv0Ri81PGE-00908-00213311-00213498 performance review leading to his Zqv0Ri81PGE-00909-00213500-00213733 termination fans were concerned that the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00910-00213734-00213919 absence of Martin O'Donnell would affect Zqv0Ri81PGE-00911-00213919-00214117 the in-game music of destiny however Zqv0Ri81PGE-00912-00214117-00214327 Pete Parsons of Bungie confirmed that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00913-00214328-00214537 Destiny's music was already complete by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00914-00214538-00214614 this point Zqv0Ri81PGE-00915-00214615-00214840 O'Donnell prevailed in a civil suit Zqv0Ri81PGE-00916-00214841-00215008 against Bungie over the improper Zqv0Ri81PGE-00917-00215009-00215244 dismissal in September 2015 Zqv0Ri81PGE-00918-00215246-00215476 winning unpaid wages profit sharing and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00919-00215477-00216037 lost stock Zqv0Ri81PGE-00920-00216038-00216548 topic technology Zqv0Ri81PGE-00921-00216550-00216785 destiny incorporates a new game engine Zqv0Ri81PGE-00922-00216786-00216987 that allows global illumination and Zqv0Ri81PGE-00923-00216988-00217176 real-time dynamic lighting to occur Zqv0Ri81PGE-00924-00217177-00217482 together in cohesion in addition bungees Zqv0Ri81PGE-00925-00217483-00217650 goal is that destiny will natively Zqv0Ri81PGE-00926-00217651-00217881 render graphics at 1080p on both the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00927-00217882-00218219 Xbox one and PlayStation 4 an innovation Zqv0Ri81PGE-00928-00218221-00218553 in bungees hopper technology which has Zqv0Ri81PGE-00929-00218554-00218739 been the backbone for halos matchmaking Zqv0Ri81PGE-00930-00218740-00218904 system will allow better player Zqv0Ri81PGE-00931-00218905-00219092 matchmaking in order to create a more Zqv0Ri81PGE-00932-00219094-00219315 natural experience in either cooperative Zqv0Ri81PGE-00933-00219316-00219533 or competitive multiplayer modes Zqv0Ri81PGE-00934-00219534-00219785 developers at Bungie have criticised the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00935-00219786-00219957 new engine as ill-suited to the online Zqv0Ri81PGE-00936-00219958-00220208 nature of the game its resource Zqv0Ri81PGE-00937-00220209-00220392 intensive nature makes even small Zqv0Ri81PGE-00938-00220392-00220569 changes to maps require an overnight Zqv0Ri81PGE-00939-00220569-00220908 rendering and compiling process internal Zqv0Ri81PGE-00940-00220909-00221088 sources called the development of new Zqv0Ri81PGE-00941-00221089-00221382 maps and missions grueling on account of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00942-00221383-00221892 the game engine Zqv0Ri81PGE-00943-00221894-00222534 topic design for destiny lead writer Zqv0Ri81PGE-00944-00222535-00222739 Joseph Staten hoped to build a universe Zqv0Ri81PGE-00945-00222740-00223063 that would take on a life of its own the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00946-00223064-00223314 designers worked around seven pillars Zqv0Ri81PGE-00947-00223315-00223584 seven core principles which ensure that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00948-00223585-00223777 the game is accessible to both casual Zqv0Ri81PGE-00949-00223778-00223998 novice players and experienced veterans Zqv0Ri81PGE-00950-00224000-00224298 of first-person shooters in MMOs this Zqv0Ri81PGE-00951-00224300-00224491 includes integration with social media Zqv0Ri81PGE-00952-00224492-00224679 allowing players to gain information Zqv0Ri81PGE-00953-00224680-00224866 about new quests and their friends Zqv0Ri81PGE-00954-00224867-00225127 activities in designing the playable Zqv0Ri81PGE-00955-00225128-00225360 classes Bungie was inspired by different Zqv0Ri81PGE-00956-00225361-00225630 sources of science-fiction hunters are a Zqv0Ri81PGE-00957-00225631-00225790 reconnaissance class meant to be Zqv0Ri81PGE-00958-00225791-00226010 reminiscent of the classic bounty hunter Zqv0Ri81PGE-00959-00226011-00226321 Bungie sites as influences Star Wars Han Zqv0Ri81PGE-00960-00226321-00226542 Solo and classic characters from old Zqv0Ri81PGE-00961-00226544-00226750 western films such as Clint Eastwood's Zqv0Ri81PGE-00962-00226751-00226875 man with no name Zqv0Ri81PGE-00963-00226876-00227130 warlocks combined weapons with special Zqv0Ri81PGE-00964-00227131-00227398 powers from the traveler and are meant Zqv0Ri81PGE-00965-00227398-00227721 to be a former space wizard the Warlock Zqv0Ri81PGE-00966-00227723-00227902 class is influenced by the Star Wars Zqv0Ri81PGE-00967-00227903-00228132 series as Jedi Knights the Lord of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00968-00228133-00228340 Rings series is Gandalf and the Matrix Zqv0Ri81PGE-00969-00228341-00228637 series is Morpheus Titans which favor Zqv0Ri81PGE-00970-00228638-00228850 heavy weapons and melee attacks and are Zqv0Ri81PGE-00971-00228851-00228996 intended to be reminiscent of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00972-00228998-00229308 classic future soldier were inspired by Zqv0Ri81PGE-00973-00229309-00229526 Bungie Zone Master Chief from Halo Zqv0Ri81PGE-00974-00229527-00229762 stormtroopers from Star Wars and other Zqv0Ri81PGE-00975-00229763-00230051 Space Marines from science fiction Zqv0Ri81PGE-00976-00230052-00230307 Bungie also cited the influence of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00977-00230308-00230532 action role-playing games Monster Hunter Zqv0Ri81PGE-00978-00230533-00230730 and Dark Souls noting their mechanical Zqv0Ri81PGE-00979-00230731-00230923 depth and brutality Peter Dinklage Zqv0Ri81PGE-00980-00230923-00231132 originally voiced the character ghost in Zqv0Ri81PGE-00981-00231133-00231384 the base game the character did not have Zqv0Ri81PGE-00982-00231385-00231592 any lines in the two expansions of year Zqv0Ri81PGE-00983-00231592-00231882 one Nolan North replaced Dinklage for Zqv0Ri81PGE-00984-00231883-00232119 the taken king and also recorded all of Zqv0Ri81PGE-00985-00232121-00232315 ghosts lines from the original game as Zqv0Ri81PGE-00986-00232316-00232553 Bungie wanted to create a consistent Zqv0Ri81PGE-00987-00232554-00232767 storytelling experience from beginning Zqv0Ri81PGE-00988-00232769-00232866 to end Zqv0Ri81PGE-00989-00232867-00233130 North was excited to put his mark on the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00990-00233131-00233307 role and hopes to evolve the character Zqv0Ri81PGE-00991-00233308-00233601 in future destiny releases he said that Zqv0Ri81PGE-00992-00233602-00233776 he did not listen to any of Dinklage's Zqv0Ri81PGE-00993-00233777-00233946 recordings as he did not want any Zqv0Ri81PGE-00994-00233948-00234148 preconceived notions to influence his Zqv0Ri81PGE-00995-00234148-00234412 performance according to Bungie the Zqv0Ri81PGE-00996-00234413-00234598 actor change was made due to Dinklage's Zqv0Ri81PGE-00997-00234598-00234885 availability David Cross was hired to Zqv0Ri81PGE-00998-00234886-00235090 write jokes for the character ghost but Zqv0Ri81PGE-00999-00235091-00235258 none of his work was used in the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01000-00235259-00235773 game Zqv0Ri81PGE-01001-00235773-00236266 topic soundtrack Zqv0Ri81PGE-01002-00236267-00236588 you Zqv0Ri81PGE-01003-00236589-00237173 topic destiny original soundtrack Zqv0Ri81PGE-01004-00237175-00237417 destiney original soundtrack is the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01005-00237417-00237623 official soundtrack for the video game Zqv0Ri81PGE-01006-00237625-00237885 composed by Michael Salvatori C Paul Zqv0Ri81PGE-01007-00237886-00238077 Johnson Martin O'Donnell and Paul Zqv0Ri81PGE-01008-00238078-00238377 McCartney released digitally via iTunes Zqv0Ri81PGE-01009-00238378-00238635 on September 26th 2014 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01010-00238636-00238884 the soundtrack contains 44 instrumental Zqv0Ri81PGE-01011-00238885-00239127 compositions from the game the sound Zqv0Ri81PGE-01012-00239128-00239328 track marked O'Donnell's final work for Zqv0Ri81PGE-01013-00239329-00239538 Bungie after years of composing for the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01014-00239539-00239754 Halo franchise as well as several games Zqv0Ri81PGE-01015-00239755-00240044 before that in addition McCartney wrote Zqv0Ri81PGE-01016-00240046-00240258 and recorded an original song inspired Zqv0Ri81PGE-01017-00240259-00240521 by the game titled hope for the future Zqv0Ri81PGE-01018-00240523-00240783 early in Destiny's development O'Donnell Zqv0Ri81PGE-01019-00240784-00241002 was contacted by Pete Parsons current Zqv0Ri81PGE-01020-00241003-00241209 chief operating officer of Bungie and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01021-00241210-00241394 was asked to begin writing music for the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01022-00241396-00241673 game at the time destiny was still in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01023-00241675-00241860 its infancy as it lacked any gameplay Zqv0Ri81PGE-01024-00241861-00242106 material for O'Donnell to score music to Zqv0Ri81PGE-01025-00242107-00242373 so instead adano began creating music Zqv0Ri81PGE-01026-00242373-00242598 based solely on the game's ideas stories Zqv0Ri81PGE-01027-00242598-00243066 and artwork by February 17 2013 over 50 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01028-00243067-00243216 minutes of the soundtrack had already Zqv0Ri81PGE-01029-00243217-00243473 been recorded with a 106 piece Orchestra Zqv0Ri81PGE-01030-00243475-00243707 at Abbey Road Studios in London Zqv0Ri81PGE-01031-00243708-00243971 O'Donnell gave the early pieces of music Zqv0Ri81PGE-01032-00243973-00244116 to Bungie in hopes that they would Zqv0Ri81PGE-01033-00244117-00244271 foster inspiration within the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01034-00244273-00244446 development team unlike the Halo series Zqv0Ri81PGE-01035-00244446-00244713 where pieces of music were only two to Zqv0Ri81PGE-01036-00244714-00244898 three minutes long Martin has stated Zqv0Ri81PGE-01037-00244900-00245100 that the soundtrack for destiny has no Zqv0Ri81PGE-01038-00245101-00245267 time restrictions with the pieces Zqv0Ri81PGE-01039-00245269-00245537 clocking in as long as they need to be Zqv0Ri81PGE-01040-00245538-00245751 O'Donnell collaborated with Paul Zqv0Ri81PGE-01041-00245752-00245919 McCartney on the soundtrack for the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01042-00245919-00246117 better part of two years as they traded Zqv0Ri81PGE-01043-00246117-00246387 ideas melody samples and themes back and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01044-00246388-00246671 forth on April 11 2014 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01045-00246673-00246848 Martin O'Donnell was dismissed without Zqv0Ri81PGE-01046-00246850-00247032 cause by the board of directors at Zqv0Ri81PGE-01047-00247033-00247287 Bungie this caused concern as to whether Zqv0Ri81PGE-01048-00247288-00247494 this would affect the game however Pete Zqv0Ri81PGE-01049-00247494-00247698 Parsons stated that O'Donnell's work on Zqv0Ri81PGE-01050-00247698-00247869 the game had been completed before his Zqv0Ri81PGE-01051-00247869-00248048 dismissal and would appear in the final Zqv0Ri81PGE-01052-00248050-00248537 product Zqv0Ri81PGE-01053-00248538-00249081 topic music of the spheres Zqv0Ri81PGE-01054-00249082-00249312 music of the spheres as an eight-part Zqv0Ri81PGE-01055-00249313-00249519 musical companion piece to destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-01056-00249519-00249696 composed by Marty O'Donnell Zqv0Ri81PGE-01057-00249696-00249912 together with Michael Salvatori and Paul Zqv0Ri81PGE-01058-00249913-00250107 McCartney parts of the music were used Zqv0Ri81PGE-01059-00250108-00250296 to accompany a destiny trailer at e3 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01060-00250296-00250650 2013 and in the official soundtrack but Zqv0Ri81PGE-01061-00250651-00250839 following O'Donnell's dismissal from and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01062-00250840-00251037 subsequent legal dispute with Bungie Zqv0Ri81PGE-01063-00251038-00251242 music of the spheres remained unreleased Zqv0Ri81PGE-01064-00251244-00251514 it was leaked to the internet by unknown Zqv0Ri81PGE-01065-00251515-00251838 persons in December 2017 Bungie Zqv0Ri81PGE-01066-00251839-00252027 officially released the album on June Zqv0Ri81PGE-01067-00252028-00252492 1st 2018 topic release destiny concept Zqv0Ri81PGE-01068-00252492-00252684 art and plot elements first leaked in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01069-00252685-00252998 November 2012 Bungie supplemented the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01070-00253000-00253236 leak with more details expressing regret Zqv0Ri81PGE-01071-00253237-00253428 that another upcoming video game had Zqv0Ri81PGE-01072-00253429-00253601 been revealed ahead of schedule Zqv0Ri81PGE-01073-00253602-00253857 Destiny's official unveiling occurred at Zqv0Ri81PGE-01074-00253858-00254061 the PlayStation 4 announcement event on Zqv0Ri81PGE-01075-00254062-00254436 February 20th 2013 an alpha test took Zqv0Ri81PGE-01076-00254437-00254694 place from June 12th to 16 2014 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01077-00254694-00255078 exclusively on ps4 a public beta test Zqv0Ri81PGE-01078-00255079-00255378 began on PlayStation consoles on July 17 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01079-00255379-00255780 2014 and Xbox consoles on July 23rd 2014 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01080-00255781-00256002 available to players who pre-ordered the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01081-00256003-00256356 game before the beta closed on July 27th Zqv0Ri81PGE-01082-00256357-00256634 it attracted around 4.6 million players Zqv0Ri81PGE-01083-00256635-00257028 the game went gold on August 23rd 2014 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01084-00257029-00257229 destiny was released worldwide on Zqv0Ri81PGE-01085-00257230-00257529 September 9 2014 for the PlayStation 3 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01086-00257530-00257873 PlayStation 4 Xbox 360 and Xbox one Zqv0Ri81PGE-01087-00257873-00258075 players who pre-ordered the game Zqv0Ri81PGE-01088-00258076-00258291 received early access to the Vanguard Zqv0Ri81PGE-01089-00258292-00258383 armory Zqv0Ri81PGE-01090-00258384-00258630 additionally pre-orders from Game Stop Zqv0Ri81PGE-01091-00258631-00258819 received an exclusive red Sparrow Zqv0Ri81PGE-01092-00258819-00259086 vehicle players who pre-ordered Call of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01093-00259087-00259319 Duty advanced warfare received a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01094-00259321-00259515 blacksmith Armour shader in Destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-01095-00259516-00259737 those who purchased the digital Zqv0Ri81PGE-01096-00259738-00260052 PlayStation 3 or Xbox 360 versions of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01097-00260053-00260205 the game were allowed to download the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01098-00260206-00260444 PlayStation 4 or Xbox one clients Zqv0Ri81PGE-01099-00260446-00260685 respectively at no additional cost until Zqv0Ri81PGE-01100-00260686-00260967 January 15 2015 some of the game's Zqv0Ri81PGE-01101-00260967-00261198 initial content including certain items Zqv0Ri81PGE-01102-00261198-00261398 and missions were timed exclusives for Zqv0Ri81PGE-01103-00261400-00261534 PlayStation platforms Zqv0Ri81PGE-01104-00261535-00261798 these included the dust palace strike Zqv0Ri81PGE-01105-00261798-00262062 the exodus blue crucible mat 2 exotic Zqv0Ri81PGE-01106-00262063-00262317 weapons the auto rifle monte-carlo and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01107-00262318-00262433 hand cannon puck Zqv0Ri81PGE-01108-00262434-00262695 a rare gear set for each class manifold Zqv0Ri81PGE-01109-00262696-00262925 seeker for warlock veneer for Titan and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01110-00262926-00263153 Argos for hunter and three ships Aurora Zqv0Ri81PGE-01111-00263154-00263367 awake crypt hammer and outrageous Zqv0Ri81PGE-01112-00263368-00263664 fortune each expansion followed suit and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01113-00263665-00263862 had timed exclusives for PlayStation Zqv0Ri81PGE-01114-00263863-00264144 platforms the initial exclusive content Zqv0Ri81PGE-01115-00264145-00264288 and the content of the first two Zqv0Ri81PGE-01116-00264289-00264496 expansions became available for the Xbox Zqv0Ri81PGE-01117-00264497-00264725 platforms with the release of the taken Zqv0Ri81PGE-01118-00264726-00265010 king the taken kings and rise of Irons Zqv0Ri81PGE-01119-00265011-00265235 exclusive content became available in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01120-00265236-00265523 October 2017 three collector's editions Zqv0Ri81PGE-01121-00265524-00265706 of destiny were released the limited Zqv0Ri81PGE-01122-00265707-00265883 edition the ghost Edition and the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01123-00265884-00266132 digital limited edition the limited Zqv0Ri81PGE-01124-00266133-00266351 edition included a steelbook game case Zqv0Ri81PGE-01125-00266352-00266534 the arms and armament field guide Zqv0Ri81PGE-01126-00266535-00266766 postcards from the Golden Age antique Zqv0Ri81PGE-01127-00266767-00266970 star chart an in-game content and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01128-00266971-00267206 exclusive ghost shell ship character Zqv0Ri81PGE-01129-00267207-00267409 emblem and the destiny expansion pass Zqv0Ri81PGE-01130-00267410-00267696 the ghost Edition included everything in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01131-00267697-00267854 the limited edition as well as a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01132-00267855-00268058 motion-activated replica ghosts with Zqv0Ri81PGE-01133-00268059-00268239 lights and the voice of Peter Dinklage Zqv0Ri81PGE-01134-00268240-00268505 and a set of photos and stickers the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01135-00268506-00268746 digital limited edition included destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-01136-00268747-00268941 and the in-game content included in the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01137-00268942-00269244 physical collector's editions a ps4 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01138-00269245-00269474 bundle was also available which included Zqv0Ri81PGE-01139-00269475-00269801 a 500 gigabytes glacier white ps4 and a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01140-00269802-00270002 copy of destiny with the release of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01141-00270003-00270233 taken king to new retail versions of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01142-00270234-00270428 destiny the legendary edition and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01143-00270429-00270599 collector's edition were released Zqv0Ri81PGE-01144-00270600-00270824 alongside the taken King both included a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01145-00270825-00271097 copy of the game all year one DLC and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01146-00271098-00271370 the taken king a digital collector's Zqv0Ri81PGE-01147-00271371-00271610 edition was also available year one Zqv0Ri81PGE-01148-00271611-00271796 players received commemorative items Zqv0Ri81PGE-01149-00271797-00272091 when purchasing the taken King a new ps4 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01150-00272092-00272321 bundle was also available which included Zqv0Ri81PGE-01151-00272322-00272568 a limited edition white 500 gigabytes Zqv0Ri81PGE-01152-00272569-00272825 ps4 with destiny artwork on the face of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01153-00272826-00273063 the console the legendary edition of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01154-00273064-00273270 taken King and all bonus content from Zqv0Ri81PGE-01155-00273271-00273452 the legendary and digital collector's Zqv0Ri81PGE-01156-00273453-00273741 editions players who purchased the taken Zqv0Ri81PGE-01157-00273742-00273945 King received an item called spark of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01158-00273946-00274164 light which boosted one new character to Zqv0Ri81PGE-01159-00274165-00274392 level 25 the minimum level needed to Zqv0Ri81PGE-01160-00274393-00274580 play the taken King's content with the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01161-00274581-00274770 release of rise of iron a new retail Zqv0Ri81PGE-01162-00274771-00274989 version of destiny was also released Zqv0Ri81PGE-01163-00274990-00275198 alongside the expansion called destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-01164-00275199-00275477 the collection it includes a copy of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01165-00275478-00275735 game and all DLC up to an including rise Zqv0Ri81PGE-01166-00275736-00275825 of iron Zqv0Ri81PGE-01167-00275826-00276074 like the taken king players who purchase Zqv0Ri81PGE-01168-00276075-00276266 rise of iron receive an item called Zqv0Ri81PGE-01169-00276267-00276473 spark of light although this one boosts Zqv0Ri81PGE-01170-00276474-00276692 one new character to level 40 which is Zqv0Ri81PGE-01171-00276693-00276835 the minimum the level needed to play Zqv0Ri81PGE-01172-00276836-00277473 rise of iron's content Zqv0Ri81PGE-01173-00277474-00278053 topic post-release content Zqv0Ri81PGE-01174-00278054-00278305 prior to the official release of destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-01175-00278306-00278578 in September 2014 Bungie declared that a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01176-00278579-00278758 major component of the game would be a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01177-00278759-00279058 continuous release of new content Bungie Zqv0Ri81PGE-01178-00279059-00279232 director of production John Dee Barnes Zqv0Ri81PGE-01179-00279233-00279499 said we're going to continuously update Zqv0Ri81PGE-01180-00279500-00279717 the game from now until the end of time Zqv0Ri81PGE-01181-00279718-00279985 that's always going to be part of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01182-00279986-00280270 philosophy of destiny we always wanted Zqv0Ri81PGE-01183-00280271-00280453 to build a new universe but keep Zqv0Ri81PGE-01184-00280454-00280639 building upon it rather than to do a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01185-00280640-00280920 complete and utter restart periodically Zqv0Ri81PGE-01186-00280921-00281224 by the time of Destiny's launch to plant Zqv0Ri81PGE-01187-00281225-00281503 packs of downloadable content DLC had Zqv0Ri81PGE-01188-00281504-00281677 been officially announced the dark below Zqv0Ri81PGE-01189-00281678-00281941 in house of wolves from the launch of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01190-00281942-00282121 destiny players could purchase the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01191-00282122-00282337 destiny expansion pass which included Zqv0Ri81PGE-01192-00282338-00282550 the first two expansions at a discounted Zqv0Ri81PGE-01193-00282551-00282741 price versus buying them separately Zqv0Ri81PGE-01194-00282742-00282976 players also received an exclusive Zqv0Ri81PGE-01195-00282977-00283246 Sparrow f30 tumbler if they purchased Zqv0Ri81PGE-01196-00283247-00283465 the expansion pass or the dark below by Zqv0Ri81PGE-01197-00283466-00283945 January 15 2015 at e3 2015 Bungie Zqv0Ri81PGE-01198-00283946-00284110 officially announced a new expansion Zqv0Ri81PGE-01199-00284111-00284377 called the taken cane a new large Zqv0Ri81PGE-01200-00284378-00284638 expansion was confirmed in February 2016 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01201-00284639-00284911 its title rise of iron was revealed in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01202-00284912-00285157 June 2016 Bungie released the game's Zqv0Ri81PGE-01203-00285158-00285496 first raid the vault of glass as part of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01204-00285497-00285805 the September 16 2014 update and at the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01205-00285806-00286081 time it was described as Destiny's most Zqv0Ri81PGE-01206-00286082-00286309 difficult mission the vault of glass Zqv0Ri81PGE-01207-00286310-00286543 centers on the vex race on Venus and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01208-00286544-00286729 requires players to defeat atheon Zqv0Ri81PGE-01209-00286730-00286999 times conflicts in the weeks preceding Zqv0Ri81PGE-01210-00287000-00287224 from the release of destiny players were Zqv0Ri81PGE-01211-00287225-00287407 reporting areas that could be accessed Zqv0Ri81PGE-01212-00287408-00287641 by various glitches or secret accesses Zqv0Ri81PGE-01213-00287642-00287887 these areas have been described as Zqv0Ri81PGE-01214-00287888-00288160 appearing half-baked and were noted to Zqv0Ri81PGE-01215-00288161-00288442 often be devoid of items or NPCs in an Zqv0Ri81PGE-01216-00288443-00288637 interview with Eurogamer on the claims Zqv0Ri81PGE-01217-00288638-00288862 that these were on disk DLC Bungie Zqv0Ri81PGE-01218-00288863-00289060 president Harold Ryan replied that the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01219-00289061-00289246 content were incomplete resources Zqv0Ri81PGE-01220-00289247-00289462 intended to reduce download requirements Zqv0Ri81PGE-01221-00289463-00289789 for future DLC the October 13 2015 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01222-00289790-00289996 update brought the new vending shop ever Zqv0Ri81PGE-01223-00289997-00290350 vers trading company featuring NPC tes Zqv0Ri81PGE-01224-00290351-00290572 Everest who now sells emotes in exchange Zqv0Ri81PGE-01225-00290573-00290854 for a new in-game currency silver some Zqv0Ri81PGE-01226-00290855-00291025 complimentary silver was given to all Zqv0Ri81PGE-01227-00291026-00291237 players when logging in after the update Zqv0Ri81PGE-01228-00291238-00291436 players can obtain more Zqv0Ri81PGE-01229-00291437-00291694 silver via microtransactions one of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01230-00291695-00291907 first emotes was the enthusiastic dance Zqv0Ri81PGE-01231-00291908-00292123 inspired by the Carlton dance from The Zqv0Ri81PGE-01232-00292124-00292402 Fresh Prince of bel-air Bungie stressed Zqv0Ri81PGE-01233-00292403-00292546 that these emotes are completely Zqv0Ri81PGE-01234-00292547-00292753 optional and the microtransactions are Zqv0Ri81PGE-01235-00292754-00292960 an effort to bolster the service Zqv0Ri81PGE-01236-00292961-00293170 provided by our live team for another Zqv0Ri81PGE-01237-00293171-00293599 full year on December 15th 2015 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01238-00293600-00293787 boosting packs became available as Zqv0Ri81PGE-01239-00293788-00294088 microtransactions the pack automatically Zqv0Ri81PGE-01240-00294089-00294331 boosts one character to level 25 and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01241-00294332-00294568 also features a temporary stat boost in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01242-00294569-00294862 telemetry items to assist in further Zqv0Ri81PGE-01243-00294863-00295042 leveling for year two following the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01244-00295043-00295222 release of the taken King senior Zqv0Ri81PGE-01245-00295223-00295408 designer Derek Carroll explained that Zqv0Ri81PGE-01246-00295409-00295585 the studio wanted to shift towards an Zqv0Ri81PGE-01247-00295586-00295951 event-based model with surprises Zqv0Ri81PGE-01248-00295952-00296200 for players available to all owners of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01249-00296201-00296359 the taken King at no additional charge Zqv0Ri81PGE-01250-00296360-00296611 as opposed to a timed roadmap as had Zqv0Ri81PGE-01251-00296612-00296884 previously been speculated marketing Zqv0Ri81PGE-01252-00296885-00297112 director Eric Osborne further clarified Zqv0Ri81PGE-01253-00297113-00297439 its plans for year two stating that it Zqv0Ri81PGE-01254-00297440-00297643 would not consist solely of time limited Zqv0Ri81PGE-01255-00297644-00297853 events as had been implied by others but Zqv0Ri81PGE-01256-00297854-00298159 new events activities content and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01257-00298160-00298450 features as well as an event planned for Zqv0Ri81PGE-01258-00298451-00298750 early 2016 that will be far larger than Zqv0Ri81PGE-01259-00298751-00298927 anything you've seen since the release Zqv0Ri81PGE-01260-00298928-00299284 of the taken King prior to rise of irons Zqv0Ri81PGE-01261-00299285-00299479 launch and due to the expansion only Zqv0Ri81PGE-01262-00299480-00299737 being released for current consoles ps4 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01263-00299738-00299938 and one players accounts on legacy Zqv0Ri81PGE-01264-00299939-00300286 consoles ps3 and 360 were split from Zqv0Ri81PGE-01265-00300287-00300514 current consoles accounts were Zqv0Ri81PGE-01266-00300515-00300736 previously shared across consoles of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01267-00300737-00301006 same family legacy consoles received Zqv0Ri81PGE-01268-00301007-00301318 their last update on July 26 2016 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01269-00301319-00301552 excluding emergency fixes for future Zqv0Ri81PGE-01270-00301553-00302146 game breaking issues Zqv0Ri81PGE-01271-00302147-00302667 topic expansions Zqv0Ri81PGE-01272-00302668-00302907 the dark below was released on December Zqv0Ri81PGE-01273-00302908-00303018 9th 2014 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01274-00303019-00303246 the expansion added new content Zqv0Ri81PGE-01275-00303247-00303411 centering on the hive race and their Zqv0Ri81PGE-01276-00303412-00303735 deity crota son of Oryx in addition to a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01277-00303736-00304035 new raid crotas end maximum attack Zqv0Ri81PGE-01278-00304036-00304311 damage was increased to 331 and the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01279-00304312-00304605 light level increased to 32 House of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01280-00304606-00304887 wolves was released on May 19th 2015 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01281-00304888-00305061 the expansion added new content Zqv0Ri81PGE-01282-00305062-00305253 centering on the Fallen race as players Zqv0Ri81PGE-01283-00305254-00305466 attempt to thwart a campaign by Scola's Zqv0Ri81PGE-01284-00305467-00305685 quel of Kells to unite the Fallen race Zqv0Ri81PGE-01285-00305686-00306003 under his rule maximum attack damage was Zqv0Ri81PGE-01286-00306004-00306282 increased to 365 in the light level Zqv0Ri81PGE-01287-00306283-00306615 increased to 34 a new social space was Zqv0Ri81PGE-01288-00306616-00306840 added vestian outpost as well as 2 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01289-00306841-00307065 multiplayer modes the prison of elders a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01290-00307066-00307407 PvE arena and trials of Osiris PvP game Zqv0Ri81PGE-01291-00307408-00307611 type the taken King was released on Zqv0Ri81PGE-01292-00307612-00307896 September 15 2015 marking the end of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01293-00307897-00308277 year 1 of destiny the expansion focuses Zqv0Ri81PGE-01294-00308278-00308490 on Oryx the taken king and father of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01295-00308491-00308694 crota as he leads a new race of enemy Zqv0Ri81PGE-01296-00308695-00308913 that taken to avenge his son's death a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01297-00308914-00309279 new raid king's fall was added new Zqv0Ri81PGE-01298-00309280-00309489 subclasses were added as well as many Zqv0Ri81PGE-01299-00309490-00309702 changes to the core gameplay of destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-01300-00309703-00310071 including maximum light level of 320 the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01301-00310072-00310320 taken King's April 12 2016 update Zqv0Ri81PGE-01302-00310321-00310571 referred to as the April update Zqv0Ri81PGE-01303-00310572-00310923 increased the maximum light level to 335 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01304-00310924-00311202 the update also added new challenges and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01305-00311203-00311394 increased difficulty for the prison of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01306-00311395-00311604 elders PvE arena among other activities Zqv0Ri81PGE-01307-00311605-00311949 a new quest storyline was also added Zqv0Ri81PGE-01308-00311950-00312135 where players must defeat Moloch at Zqv0Ri81PGE-01309-00312136-00312336 Eichen Prince attempting a rise to power Zqv0Ri81PGE-01310-00312337-00312570 in the aftermath of oryxes defeat rise Zqv0Ri81PGE-01311-00312571-00312786 of iron was released on September 20th Zqv0Ri81PGE-01312-00312787-00313119 2016 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox one only Zqv0Ri81PGE-01313-00313120-00313482 and marked the end of year 2 it focuses Zqv0Ri81PGE-01314-00313483-00313647 on the Fallen race as they have breached Zqv0Ri81PGE-01315-00313648-00313839 the wall that surrounds the cosmodrome Zqv0Ri81PGE-01316-00313840-00314022 and have acquired the Shiva virus a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01317-00314023-00314259 golden age nanotechnology characterized Zqv0Ri81PGE-01318-00314260-00314489 by self replication and self-assembly Zqv0Ri81PGE-01319-00314490-00314790 lord saladin guides players as they set Zqv0Ri81PGE-01320-00314791-00314973 out to become the new generation of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01321-00314974-00315222 iron Lords and wipe out Shiva new Zqv0Ri81PGE-01322-00315223-00315486 additions include a new PvP game mode a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01323-00315487-00315801 significant light level increase 385 at Zqv0Ri81PGE-01324-00315802-00315952 launch 400 with hard Zqv0Ri81PGE-01325-00315953-00316156 raid a new patrol zone on earth the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01326-00316157-00316360 Plaguelands a new social space iron Zqv0Ri81PGE-01327-00316361-00316585 temple and a new raid wrath of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01328-00316586-00316864 machine the final update to destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-01329-00316865-00317272 released on March 28th 2017 titled age Zqv0Ri81PGE-01330-00317273-00317617 of triumph it added a new 13 page record Zqv0Ri81PGE-01331-00317618-00317830 book tracking players progress since the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01332-00317831-00318013 original release of destiny and all Zqv0Ri81PGE-01333-00318014-00318181 raids prior to rise of iron were Zqv0Ri81PGE-01334-00318182-00318412 increased to light level 390 with Zqv0Ri81PGE-01335-00318413-00318640 updated rewards that can drop at 400 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01336-00318641-00319142 light Zqv0Ri81PGE-01337-00319143-00319607 topic events Zqv0Ri81PGE-01338-00319608-00319867 shortly after the launch of destiny a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01339-00319868-00320089 two-week long event began on September Zqv0Ri81PGE-01340-00320090-00320469 23rd 2014 called queens wrath' with Zqv0Ri81PGE-01341-00320470-00320769 petra venj as its main NPC this event Zqv0Ri81PGE-01342-00320770-00320925 featured bounties and multiple Zqv0Ri81PGE-01343-00320926-00321112 challenges on existing missions for Zqv0Ri81PGE-01344-00321113-00321319 players to complete to obtain exclusive Zqv0Ri81PGE-01345-00321320-00321603 items a two-week long halloween themed Zqv0Ri81PGE-01346-00321604-00321940 event began on october 26th 2015 called Zqv0Ri81PGE-01347-00321941-00322248 festival of the lost where players could Zqv0Ri81PGE-01348-00322249-00322446 complete quest lines to earn decorative Zqv0Ri81PGE-01349-00322447-00322731 masks for their guardians evil Avante Zqv0Ri81PGE-01350-00322732-00322971 was the main NPC for this event it Zqv0Ri81PGE-01351-00322972-00323175 returned the following year on October Zqv0Ri81PGE-01352-00323176-00323542 25th 2016 featuring new quests masks and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01353-00323543-00323799 rewards from new NPC Tyra Karn in the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01354-00323800-00323997 iron temple as well as returning ones Zqv0Ri81PGE-01355-00323998-00324201 from the previous year from evil Avante Zqv0Ri81PGE-01356-00324202-00324570 on December 8 2015 a new three-week long Zqv0Ri81PGE-01357-00324571-00324744 event became available called des Zqv0Ri81PGE-01358-00324745-00325110 Sparrow racing league srl with amanda Zqv0Ri81PGE-01359-00325111-00325422 holiday as its main npc in this event Zqv0Ri81PGE-01360-00325423-00325608 players raced against each other on Zqv0Ri81PGE-01361-00325609-00325806 their sparrows which Bungie described as Zqv0Ri81PGE-01362-00325807-00326082 a 6 player free-for-all death race Zqv0Ri81PGE-01363-00326083-00326373 through enemy territory it was only Zqv0Ri81PGE-01364-00326374-00326577 available to players who owned the taken Zqv0Ri81PGE-01365-00326578-00326823 King Sparrow racing league returned as Zqv0Ri81PGE-01366-00326824-00327021 part of a new holiday event called the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01367-00327022-00327435 dawning on December 13th 2016 the event Zqv0Ri81PGE-01368-00327436-00327613 introduced a new scoring system for Zqv0Ri81PGE-01369-00327614-00327940 strikes new quests weapons gear gifts Zqv0Ri81PGE-01370-00327941-00328182 and treasures and SRL itself featured Zqv0Ri81PGE-01371-00328183-00328479 new tracks and new rewards a Valentine's Zqv0Ri81PGE-01372-00328480-00328745 Day themed event called crimson daze Zqv0Ri81PGE-01373-00328746-00329103 commenced on February 9 2016 and lasted Zqv0Ri81PGE-01374-00329104-00329403 for one week lord shaxx was the main NPC Zqv0Ri81PGE-01375-00329404-00329614 of the event and featured a new crucible Zqv0Ri81PGE-01376-00329615-00329842 mode called crimson doubles a two versus Zqv0Ri81PGE-01377-00329843-00330021 two elimination style game with a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01378-00330022-00330579 special buff Zqv0Ri81PGE-01379-00330580-00331120 topic gameplay changes Zqv0Ri81PGE-01380-00331121-00331375 alongside the new story content of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01381-00331376-00331594 taken King other major changes were made Zqv0Ri81PGE-01382-00331595-00331801 to the core gameplay of destiny as part Zqv0Ri81PGE-01383-00331802-00332023 of the version 2.0 patch released on Zqv0Ri81PGE-01384-00332024-00332317 September 8 2015 which coincided with a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01385-00332318-00332535 week-long free preview of the PvP Zqv0Ri81PGE-01386-00332536-00332746 multiplayer modes and maps of the taken Zqv0Ri81PGE-01387-00332747-00332788 king Zqv0Ri81PGE-01388-00332789-00332968 some of these changes apply to all users Zqv0Ri81PGE-01389-00332969-00333166 regardless of whether they purchase the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01390-00333167-00333397 taken King the voice of the players Zqv0Ri81PGE-01391-00333398-00333613 ghost Peter Dinklage was replaced by Zqv0Ri81PGE-01392-00333614-00333700 Nolan North Zqv0Ri81PGE-01393-00333701-00333922 all of Dinklage's existing ghosts dialog Zqv0Ri81PGE-01394-00333923-00334117 was retroactive Lee replaced with new Zqv0Ri81PGE-01395-00334118-00334339 versions recorded by north experience Zqv0Ri81PGE-01396-00334340-00334533 points are used to level past 20 as Zqv0Ri81PGE-01397-00334534-00334779 opposed to the previous light level Zqv0Ri81PGE-01398-00334780-00335082 system characters previously existing Zqv0Ri81PGE-01399-00335083-00335278 light levels were converted to character Zqv0Ri81PGE-01400-00335279-00335497 levels when transitioning to the 2.0 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01401-00335498-00335692 patch while a new separate light level Zqv0Ri81PGE-01402-00335693-00335872 was determined by averaging the strength Zqv0Ri81PGE-01403-00335873-00336040 and power of the characters equipped Zqv0Ri81PGE-01404-00336041-00336355 gear class items newly introduced ghost Zqv0Ri81PGE-01405-00336356-00336532 shells for all players and a new Zqv0Ri81PGE-01406-00336533-00336721 equippable item a relic provide Zqv0Ri81PGE-01407-00336722-00336871 additional boosts to a player's Zqv0Ri81PGE-01408-00336872-00337168 abilities the process of earning faction Zqv0Ri81PGE-01409-00337169-00337495 reputation changed players pledged to a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01410-00337496-00337672 faction for a week during which they Zqv0Ri81PGE-01411-00337673-00337876 earn reputation for the chosen faction Zqv0Ri81PGE-01412-00337877-00338137 in addition to standard reputation the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01413-00338138-00338416 gunsmith NPC now offers reputation for Zqv0Ri81PGE-01414-00338417-00338607 the completion of weapon field testing Zqv0Ri81PGE-01415-00338608-00338770 bounties which allow the ability to Zqv0Ri81PGE-01416-00338771-00338989 purchase a weekly legendary weapon from Zqv0Ri81PGE-01417-00338990-00339343 his foundry orders a mercy rule and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01418-00339344-00339526 matchmaking improvements were added to Zqv0Ri81PGE-01419-00339527-00339766 the crucible players vaults can now hold Zqv0Ri81PGE-01420-00339767-00340107 up to 108 armor pieces 108 weapons and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01421-00340108-00340438 72 miscellaneous items a new progress Zqv0Ri81PGE-01422-00340439-00340707 tab was added to the user menu which Zqv0Ri81PGE-01423-00340708-00340897 displays character progression through Zqv0Ri81PGE-01424-00340898-00341104 the game's quest storylines as well as Zqv0Ri81PGE-01425-00341105-00341293 currently active bounties in faction Zqv0Ri81PGE-01426-00341294-00341575 reputation up to four active bounties Zqv0Ri81PGE-01427-00341576-00341760 and quests can be pinned to be displayed Zqv0Ri81PGE-01428-00341761-00341934 on the bottom right of the screen when Zqv0Ri81PGE-01429-00341935-00342214 MAV mode is used players can turn in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01430-00342215-00342430 quests and bounties at any time and up Zqv0Ri81PGE-01431-00342431-00342691 to 32 quests and 16 bounties can be Zqv0Ri81PGE-01432-00342692-00342960 stored in their inventory all existing Zqv0Ri81PGE-01433-00342961-00343156 storylines were adapted to work under Zqv0Ri81PGE-01434-00343157-00343407 this new system a new interface known as Zqv0Ri81PGE-01435-00343408-00343696 collections allows players to track Zqv0Ri81PGE-01436-00343697-00343957 their exotic items emblems armor shaders Zqv0Ri81PGE-01437-00343958-00344194 sparrows ships and emotes that they have Zqv0Ri81PGE-01438-00344195-00344401 found as well as clues for how to obtain Zqv0Ri81PGE-01439-00344402-00344475 those they do Zqv0Ri81PGE-01440-00344476-00344729 possessed the new legendary mark Zqv0Ri81PGE-01441-00344730-00345024 currency replaces Vanguard and crucible Zqv0Ri81PGE-01442-00345025-00345219 marks which were completely removed and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01443-00345220-00345378 are shared across all of the users Zqv0Ri81PGE-01444-00345379-00345678 characters legendary marks can be used Zqv0Ri81PGE-01445-00345679-00345882 to repurchase exotic items that had Zqv0Ri81PGE-01446-00345883-00346077 already been found by a user along with Zqv0Ri81PGE-01447-00346078-00346260 upgraded versions of some pre-existing Zqv0Ri81PGE-01448-00346261-00346572 exotics through the new exotic blueprint Zqv0Ri81PGE-01449-00346573-00346824 system although this also requires Zqv0Ri81PGE-01450-00346825-00347031 exotic shards and engrams that are Zqv0Ri81PGE-01451-00347032-00347234 guaranteed to contain a legendary weapon Zqv0Ri81PGE-01452-00347235-00347616 gear can be infused with more powerful Zqv0Ri81PGE-01453-00347617-00347766 items to increase their strength Zqv0Ri81PGE-01454-00347767-00348015 provided they are of the same year in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01455-00348016-00348267 gear slot a similar quality and a higher Zqv0Ri81PGE-01456-00348268-00348594 level than the current gear this allows Zqv0Ri81PGE-01457-00348595-00348780 players the choice of what weapons in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01458-00348781-00348909 gear they want to make the strongest Zqv0Ri81PGE-01459-00348910-00349173 newer weapons and some year one exotics Zqv0Ri81PGE-01460-00349174-00349344 are capable of higher damage than Zqv0Ri81PGE-01461-00349345-00349593 existing year one weapons damage values Zqv0Ri81PGE-01462-00349594-00349800 on all existing weapons were scaled down Zqv0Ri81PGE-01463-00349801-00350184 numerically from 365 to 170 though Zqv0Ri81PGE-01464-00350185-00350376 damage output is the same with higher Zqv0Ri81PGE-01465-00350377-00350562 values representing weapons that are Zqv0Ri81PGE-01466-00350563-00351241 more powerful than those from year one Zqv0Ri81PGE-01467-00351242-00351750 topic reception Zqv0Ri81PGE-01468-00351751-00352091 you Zqv0Ri81PGE-01469-00352092-00352639 topic critical reception Zqv0Ri81PGE-01470-00352640-00352831 destiny received mixed to positive Zqv0Ri81PGE-01471-00352832-00353061 critical reception upon release Zqv0Ri81PGE-01472-00353062-00353245 aggregating review website Metacritic Zqv0Ri81PGE-01473-00353246-00353650 gave the xbox one version 75 100 s based Zqv0Ri81PGE-01474-00353651-00353863 on 11 reviews and the PlayStation 4 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01475-00353864-00354252 version 76 100 s based on 95 reviews Zqv0Ri81PGE-01476-00354253-00354499 Bungie halted pre-release reviews Zqv0Ri81PGE-01477-00354500-00354658 stating that they felt the game should Zqv0Ri81PGE-01478-00354659-00354856 be graded only when its social aspects Zqv0Ri81PGE-01479-00354857-00355027 were operative and populated with Zqv0Ri81PGE-01480-00355028-00355315 thousands of gamers in order to give a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01481-00355316-00355549 proper assessment GameSpot described the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01482-00355550-00355786 game as a multiplayer shooter that Zqv0Ri81PGE-01483-00355787-00355999 cobbles together elements of massively Zqv0Ri81PGE-01484-00356000-00356227 multiplayer games but overlooks the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01485-00356228-00356464 lessons developers of such games learned Zqv0Ri81PGE-01486-00356465-00356776 many years ago however the game's Zqv0Ri81PGE-01487-00356777-00356959 competitive multiplayer modes were Zqv0Ri81PGE-01488-00356960-00357115 praised for carrying on bungees Zqv0Ri81PGE-01489-00357116-00357331 expertise from the Halo franchise with Zqv0Ri81PGE-01490-00357332-00357643 well-designed Maps Danny O'Dwyer stated Zqv0Ri81PGE-01491-00357644-00357835 Destiny's development surfaces some Zqv0Ri81PGE-01492-00357836-00358021 troubling ethical questions about the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01493-00358022-00358210 role of game design in keeping players Zqv0Ri81PGE-01494-00358211-00358384 addicted and compared it to slot Zqv0Ri81PGE-01495-00358385-00358594 machines and lab pigeons invariable Zqv0Ri81PGE-01496-00358595-00358837 reward experiments I'm not saying it's a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01497-00358838-00359020 bad game Zqv0Ri81PGE-01498-00359021-00359274 I'm saying it's a manipulative one I Zqv0Ri81PGE-01499-00359275-00359545 mean it's farmville for shooter fans Zqv0Ri81PGE-01500-00359546-00359760 instead of farming for land you're Zqv0Ri81PGE-01501-00359761-00360025 farming for XP loot and whatever fake Zqv0Ri81PGE-01502-00360026-00360253 new currency the game creates to keep Zqv0Ri81PGE-01503-00360254-00360445 you inside another masterfully crafted Zqv0Ri81PGE-01504-00360446-00360781 ratio scheduling system the verge Zqv0Ri81PGE-01505-00360782-00360960 criticized the game's reliance on Zqv0Ri81PGE-01506-00360961-00361153 collaboration with other players that Zqv0Ri81PGE-01507-00361154-00361345 demands at least a few hours each week Zqv0Ri81PGE-01508-00361346-00361543 in order to keep up with character power Zqv0Ri81PGE-01509-00361544-00361734 levels with a player's friends are being Zqv0Ri81PGE-01510-00361735-00361900 forced to play with strangers to Zqv0Ri81PGE-01511-00361901-00362085 complete the story content GameTrailers Zqv0Ri81PGE-01512-00362086-00362307 gave a generally positive review but Zqv0Ri81PGE-01513-00362308-00362503 also criticized the week story and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01514-00362504-00362806 uninspired game locations however they Zqv0Ri81PGE-01515-00362807-00362977 did praised the graphics as well as the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01516-00362978-00363204 rush the combat can provide the player a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01517-00363205-00363478 general lack of cohesive communication Zqv0Ri81PGE-01518-00363479-00363706 between players was also criticized with Zqv0Ri81PGE-01519-00363707-00363949 game informer calling it downplayed and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01520-00363950-00364233 difficult Eurogamer felt that the game's Zqv0Ri81PGE-01521-00364234-00364456 environments were meticulously built Zqv0Ri81PGE-01522-00364457-00364696 with plenty of enticing nooks and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01523-00364697-00364897 thoughtfully placed covered to support Zqv0Ri81PGE-01524-00364898-00365191 that thrilling combat but that patrol Zqv0Ri81PGE-01525-00365192-00365385 mode exposed the worlds as being more Zqv0Ri81PGE-01526-00365386-00365647 like giant shooter levels connected by Zqv0Ri81PGE-01527-00365648-00365851 narrow passageways than a truly Zqv0Ri81PGE-01528-00365852-00366172 expansive open-world destiny was Zqv0Ri81PGE-01529-00366173-00366400 criticized for its lack of story content Zqv0Ri81PGE-01530-00366401-00366577 with many pointing to the disjointed Zqv0Ri81PGE-01531-00366578-00366708 narrative and shallow plot Zqv0Ri81PGE-01532-00366709-00366952 implementation Bungie has since Zqv0Ri81PGE-01533-00366953-00367117 acknowledged that the story was lacking Zqv0Ri81PGE-01534-00367118-00367315 in some respects and stated that the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01535-00367316-00367555 game's first DLC expansion the dark Zqv0Ri81PGE-01536-00367556-00367732 below would focus on providing more Zqv0Ri81PGE-01537-00367733-00367942 background to the universe of destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-01538-00367943-00368203 the game's endgame content was the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01539-00368204-00368374 subject of criticism due to its Zqv0Ri81PGE-01540-00368375-00368575 particular focus on grinding for rare Zqv0Ri81PGE-01541-00368576-00368733 items through various means including Zqv0Ri81PGE-01542-00368734-00369043 multiplayer games and other missions the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01543-00369044-00369394 discovery of Luke caves locations with Zqv0Ri81PGE-01544-00369395-00369582 quickly responding enemies that could Zqv0Ri81PGE-01545-00369583-00369772 previously be used to farm for items Zqv0Ri81PGE-01546-00369773-00369979 along with initial issues surrounding Zqv0Ri81PGE-01547-00369980-00370195 the vault of glass trade mission became Zqv0Ri81PGE-01548-00370196-00370413 associated with these lingering issues Zqv0Ri81PGE-01549-00370414-00370651 despite the criticism the game received Zqv0Ri81PGE-01550-00370652-00370825 the title of game of the Year from Zqv0Ri81PGE-01551-00370826-00371068 GamesRadar the BAFTA award for best game Zqv0Ri81PGE-01552-00371069-00371221 at the British Academy video games Zqv0Ri81PGE-01553-00371222-00371607 awards at the 2014 national academy of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01554-00371608-00371944 video game trade reviewers nav gt-r the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01555-00371945-00372178 game won Original dramatic score new IP Zqv0Ri81PGE-01556-00372179-00372383 and control precision and was Zqv0Ri81PGE-01557-00372384-00372737 for game design new IP control design 3d Zqv0Ri81PGE-01558-00372738-00372923 character design and art direction Zqv0Ri81PGE-01559-00372924-00373496 contemporary Zqv0Ri81PGE-01560-00373497-00373983 topic sales Zqv0Ri81PGE-01561-00373984-00374283 on September 10th 2014 Activision Zqv0Ri81PGE-01562-00374284-00374451 claimed that destiny was the most Zqv0Ri81PGE-01563-00374452-00374667 successful new gaming franchise launched Zqv0Ri81PGE-01564-00374668-00374874 as the game shipped more than 500 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01565-00374875-00375075 million dollars to retail stores and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01566-00375076-00375357 first parties worldwide as of September Zqv0Ri81PGE-01567-00375358-00375627 17th 2014 there have been over 11 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01568-00375628-00375816 million gameplay sessions within North Zqv0Ri81PGE-01569-00375817-00376110 America it was also the biggest software Zqv0Ri81PGE-01570-00376111-00376305 launch for the PlayStation 4 since Zqv0Ri81PGE-01571-00376306-00376673 holiday 2013 on November 4th 2014 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01572-00376674-00376926 Activision Publishing CEO Eric Zqv0Ri81PGE-01573-00376927-00377094 Hirschberg revealed that the game has Zqv0Ri81PGE-01574-00377095-00377366 9.5 million registered players on Zqv0Ri81PGE-01575-00377367-00377736 December 23rd 2014 Bungie revealed that Zqv0Ri81PGE-01576-00377737-00377913 13 million people have played the game Zqv0Ri81PGE-01577-00377914-00378264 since its launch as of January 5th 2015 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01578-00378265-00378513 the game has 16 million registered Zqv0Ri81PGE-01579-00378514-00378903 players as of September 17th 2015 the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01580-00378904-00379155 game has 20 million players destiny sold Zqv0Ri81PGE-01581-00379156-00379569 90 1277 physical retail copies for Zqv0Ri81PGE-01582-00379570-00379932 PlayStation 4 and 49,000 503 retail Zqv0Ri81PGE-01583-00379933-00380148 copies for PlayStation 3 within the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01584-00380149-00380376 first week of release in Japan placing Zqv0Ri81PGE-01585-00380377-00380601 2nd and 3rd place respectively within Zqv0Ri81PGE-01586-00380602-00380811 the Japanese software sales charts for Zqv0Ri81PGE-01587-00380812-00381069 that particular week destiny was the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01588-00381070-00381267 third best selling retail game in the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01589-00381268-00381668 United States in 2014 on May 6 2015 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01590-00381669-00381873 Activision Blizzard announced that Zqv0Ri81PGE-01591-00381874-00382071 destiny along with another title from Zqv0Ri81PGE-01592-00382072-00382269 its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment Zqv0Ri81PGE-01593-00382270-00382494 hearthstone heroes of Warcraft have Zqv0Ri81PGE-01594-00382495-00382719 generated nearly 1 billion dollars for Zqv0Ri81PGE-01595-00382720-00383055 the company 0.57% of taken King's UK Zqv0Ri81PGE-01596-00383056-00383277 sales were on PlayStation 4 as of Zqv0Ri81PGE-01597-00383278-00383583 November 2015 destiny had 25 million Zqv0Ri81PGE-01598-00383584-00383829 registered users a 5 million increase in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01599-00383830-00384416 three months Zqv0Ri81PGE-01600-00384417-00384919 topic sequel Zqv0Ri81PGE-01601-00384920-00385198 in November 2014 Activision Publishing Zqv0Ri81PGE-01602-00385199-00385531 CEO Eric Hirschberg said work has also Zqv0Ri81PGE-01603-00385532-00385807 begun on future expansion packs as well Zqv0Ri81PGE-01604-00385808-00386158 as on our next full game release based Zqv0Ri81PGE-01605-00386159-00386332 on documents of the original release Zqv0Ri81PGE-01606-00386333-00386542 scheduled for destiny Bungie and Zqv0Ri81PGE-01607-00386543-00386749 Activision intended to release new disk Zqv0Ri81PGE-01608-00386750-00386944 based sequels every other year until Zqv0Ri81PGE-01609-00386945-00387223 2019 with large downloadable expansions Zqv0Ri81PGE-01610-00387224-00387484 in between originally planned for a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01611-00387485-00387724 September 2016 release based on the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01612-00387725-00387943 original documents Bungie confirmed on Zqv0Ri81PGE-01613-00387944-00388234 February 11th 2016 that a full sequel Zqv0Ri81PGE-01614-00388235-00388420 would be released in 2017 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01615-00388421-00388663 that same month videogame writer Zqv0Ri81PGE-01616-00388664-00388849 Christopher schlurf who is the lead Zqv0Ri81PGE-01617-00388850-00389041 writer for Halo 4 and worked on Mass Zqv0Ri81PGE-01618-00389042-00389295 Effect Andromeda joined Bungie in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01619-00389296-00389593 December 2016 Bungie announced that Zqv0Ri81PGE-01620-00389594-00389773 Vicarious Visions would be joining the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01621-00389774-00389953 development team along with Activision Zqv0Ri81PGE-01622-00389954-00390127 Bungie had confirmed that players Zqv0Ri81PGE-01623-00390128-00390316 characters and progression would carry Zqv0Ri81PGE-01624-00390317-00390607 over into future releases however this Zqv0Ri81PGE-01625-00390608-00390814 was only true for the expansions of the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01626-00390815-00391096 original destiny for the sequel players Zqv0Ri81PGE-01627-00391097-00391312 who reached level 20 and completed the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01628-00391313-00391516 black garden quest in the original had Zqv0Ri81PGE-01629-00391517-00391684 their characters physical appearance Zqv0Ri81PGE-01630-00391685-00391924 carryover but not their progression eg Zqv0Ri81PGE-01631-00391925-00392245 powers in gear Bungie did award veteran Zqv0Ri81PGE-01632-00392246-00392422 players in the sequel to acknowledge Zqv0Ri81PGE-01633-00392423-00392590 their accomplishments in the original Zqv0Ri81PGE-01634-00392591-00392881 destiny Bungie stated that the original Zqv0Ri81PGE-01635-00392882-00393091 destiny would remain online even after Zqv0Ri81PGE-01636-00393092-00393244 the release of the sequel players Zqv0Ri81PGE-01637-00393245-00393436 characters will remain intact with their Zqv0Ri81PGE-01638-00393437-00393613 progression and items and the game will Zqv0Ri81PGE-01639-00393614-00393835 be supported with patch updates destiny Zqv0Ri81PGE-01640-00393836-00394105 2 was officially confirmed on March 27th Zqv0Ri81PGE-01641-00394106-00394414 2017 this was followed up with a teaser Zqv0Ri81PGE-01642-00394415-00394801 trailer narrated by CA y de 6 the teaser Zqv0Ri81PGE-01643-00394802-00394972 showed the tower under attack by the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01644-00394973-00395230 Cabal a full revealed trailer released Zqv0Ri81PGE-01645-00395231-00395437 on March 30th showing the three class Zqv0Ri81PGE-01646-00395438-00395809 Vanguard's commanders avala CA y de 6 a Zqv0Ri81PGE-01647-00395810-00396022 nikkor array rallying guardians in the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01648-00396023-00396298 war-torn tower the Cabal are being led Zqv0Ri81PGE-01649-00396299-00396493 by Gul Commander of the brutal red Zqv0Ri81PGE-01650-00396494-00396535 Legion Zqv0Ri81PGE-01651-00396536-00396820 it was also officially confirmed that in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01652-00396821-00397039 addition to releasing on PlayStation 4 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01653-00397040-00397396 and Xbox one in September 2017 destiny 2 Zqv0Ri81PGE-01654-00397397-00397603 would release on Microsoft Windows in Zqv0Ri81PGE-01655-00397604-00397879 October 2017 and exclusively via the Zqv0Ri81PGE-01656-00397880-00398059 blizzard entertainment app rather than Zqv0Ri81PGE-01657-00398060-00398293 steam ZrMgwh99XNY-00000-00000000-00000229 being human in your organizational ZrMgwh99XNY-00001-00000231-00000457 communications is always important but ZrMgwh99XNY-00002-00000458-00000611 it's never more important that when ZrMgwh99XNY-00003-00000612-00000713 you're dealing with crisis ZrMgwh99XNY-00004-00000714-00000916 communications especially if it's a ZrMgwh99XNY-00005-00000917-00001195 tragedy yet that's what so many ZrMgwh99XNY-00006-00001196-00001627 communicators flee to they run and ZrMgwh99XNY-00007-00001628-00001820 retreat to the safety of cold impersonal ZrMgwh99XNY-00008-00001821-00002101 language especially if lawyers are ZrMgwh99XNY-00009-00002102-00002443 involved and it's a huge mistake I'm ZrMgwh99XNY-00010-00002444-00002615 going to give you two examples they're ZrMgwh99XNY-00011-00002616-00002846 both from recent news stories one of ZrMgwh99XNY-00012-00002847-00003104 them involved a large pharmaceutical ZrMgwh99XNY-00013-00003105-00003722 chain of pharmacies that apparently just ZrMgwh99XNY-00014-00003722-00003947 spends ten times the correct dosage of ZrMgwh99XNY-00015-00003947-00004175 an anti-psychotic drug to a ZrMgwh99XNY-00016-00004176-00004349 four-year-old boy and this was over the ZrMgwh99XNY-00017-00004350-00004681 course of months and the boy experienced ZrMgwh99XNY-00018-00004682-00004981 severe side effects they don't know if ZrMgwh99XNY-00019-00004982-00005179 there was lasting damage it's a shocking ZrMgwh99XNY-00020-00005180-00005527 horrible story here is how the pharmacy ZrMgwh99XNY-00021-00005528-00005750 responded in their statements to the ZrMgwh99XNY-00022-00005751-00006101 media in this case an unfortunate error ZrMgwh99XNY-00023-00006102-00006308 was made and the patient received an ZrMgwh99XNY-00024-00006309-00006472 unintended dose of prescription ZrMgwh99XNY-00025-00006473-00006775 medication sorry a prescribed medication ZrMgwh99XNY-00026-00006776-00007028 seeking resolution the associate owner ZrMgwh99XNY-00027-00007029-00007306 of the pharmacy in question held ZrMgwh99XNY-00028-00007308-00007478 follow-up conversations with the ZrMgwh99XNY-00029-00007479-00007645 patient's mother and dr. we have ZrMgwh99XNY-00030-00007647-00007901 provided context an apology's in person ZrMgwh99XNY-00031-00007902-00008123 and to our company customer service team ZrMgwh99XNY-00032-00008123-00008426 team we continue to express our sympathy ZrMgwh99XNY-00033-00008427-00008696 and we are as we speak engaged with the ZrMgwh99XNY-00034-00008697-00008842 customer to help find a suitable ZrMgwh99XNY-00035-00008843-00009287 resolution to her concerns okay so these ZrMgwh99XNY-00036-00009288-00009488 are excerpts so maybe there's something ZrMgwh99XNY-00037-00009489-00009788 more heartfelt that the news story ZrMgwh99XNY-00038-00009789-00010127 edited out but come on you have to get ZrMgwh99XNY-00039-00010128-00010331 rid of this Robocop kind of voice when ZrMgwh99XNY-00040-00010332-00010430 you're dealing with this kind of ZrMgwh99XNY-00041-00010431-00010678 situation when a member of the public ZrMgwh99XNY-00042-00010679-00011063 hears the story they are going to have ZrMgwh99XNY-00043-00011064-00011291 an enormous emotional reaction to it ZrMgwh99XNY-00044-00011292-00011471 they're going to feel tremendous ZrMgwh99XNY-00045-00011472-00011792 sympathy and pity for both the mother of ZrMgwh99XNY-00046-00011793-00012028 this child and the child himself and ZrMgwh99XNY-00047-00012029-00012328 what they aren't going to feel is a kind ZrMgwh99XNY-00048-00012329-00012601 of cold impersonal emotionless ZrMgwh99XNY-00049-00012602-00012991 inflection 'less tone inside their head ZrMgwh99XNY-00050-00012992-00013133 and if that's the tone with which you're ZrMgwh99XNY-00051-00013134-00013216 communicating ZrMgwh99XNY-00052-00013216-00013390 if that's how you've responded them the ZrMgwh99XNY-00053-00013391-00013644 other thing they will feel is a big gulf ZrMgwh99XNY-00054-00013644-00014091 between your reaction and bears and that ZrMgwh99XNY-00055-00014093-00014335 gulf is going to make you seem to them ZrMgwh99XNY-00056-00014336-00014680 to be very impersonal very cold very ZrMgwh99XNY-00057-00014681-00015144 calculating and insincere some of these ZrMgwh99XNY-00058-00015145-00015399 phrases an unfortunate error was made ZrMgwh99XNY-00059-00015400-00015700 that comes across as both dismissive and ZrMgwh99XNY-00060-00015701-00015963 evasive code state state of general ZrMgwh99XNY-00061-00015965-00016174 principle getting the right dose at the ZrMgwh99XNY-00062-00016175-00016344 right medicine to the right patient is ZrMgwh99XNY-00063-00016345-00016603 part of our mission and we never want to ZrMgwh99XNY-00064-00016604-00016939 see a mistake like this happen or we ZrMgwh99XNY-00065-00016940-00017224 continue to express our sympathy don't ZrMgwh99XNY-00066-00017225-00017380 say you're expressing your sympathy ZrMgwh99XNY-00067-00017381-00017655 actually express it acknowledge that ZrMgwh99XNY-00068-00017656-00017922 you're horrified by this you probably ZrMgwh99XNY-00069-00017923-00018115 feel really badly for the mom and her ZrMgwh99XNY-00070-00018116-00018330 son so say so say no child should have ZrMgwh99XNY-00071-00018331-00018541 to suffer from this kind of mistake no ZrMgwh99XNY-00072-00018542-00018685 parents you have to go through an ordeal ZrMgwh99XNY-00073-00018686-00018937 like this and that you're determined to ZrMgwh99XNY-00074-00018938-00019122 find out where things went wrong and do ZrMgwh99XNY-00075-00019123-00019240 what you can to keep it from happening ZrMgwh99XNY-00076-00019241-00019525 again are there legal implications ZrMgwh99XNY-00077-00019526-00019834 saying that yet it probably are so ZrMgwh99XNY-00078-00019835-00019936 you're going to want to talk to your ZrMgwh99XNY-00079-00019937-00020137 lawyers let their advice and form your ZrMgwh99XNY-00080-00020138-00020353 response but don't let them dictate it ZrMgwh99XNY-00081-00020354-00020533 which is what I think has happened here ZrMgwh99XNY-00082-00020534-00020737 because chances are your legal team ZrMgwh99XNY-00083-00020738-00020866 they're going to be thinking about your ZrMgwh99XNY-00084-00020867-00021019 legal risk but they're not going to be ZrMgwh99XNY-00085-00021020-00021142 thinking about your brand and your ZrMgwh99XNY-00086-00021143-00021358 reputation they're not going to be ZrMgwh99XNY-00087-00021359-00021522 thinking about your relationship with ZrMgwh99XNY-00088-00021523-00021739 the public if you let them there are ZrMgwh99XNY-00089-00021740-00021955 good responsible lawyers out there who ZrMgwh99XNY-00090-00021956-00022255 will burn your brand to the ground if it ZrMgwh99XNY-00091-00022256-00022414 means limiting your legal exposure ZrMgwh99XNY-00092-00022415-00022669 because limiting their legal exposure is ZrMgwh99XNY-00093-00022670-00023031 their job and look if you think about ZrMgwh99XNY-00094-00023032-00023272 the words and you look at the meaning ZrMgwh99XNY-00095-00023273-00023475 than behind them very well concealed ZrMgwh99XNY-00096-00023476-00023893 there's actual human emotion but someone ZrMgwh99XNY-00097-00023894-00024034 wrote this so that they didn't ask that ZrMgwh99XNY-00098-00024035-00024300 emotion maybe the hope is that if you ZrMgwh99XNY-00099-00024301-00024517 suck all the emotion out of the writing ZrMgwh99XNY-00100-00024518-00024678 then you'll suck it out of the story too ZrMgwh99XNY-00101-00024679-00024906 and the truth is you don't have that ZrMgwh99XNY-00102-00024907-00025315 kind of power what happened here carries ZrMgwh99XNY-00103-00025316-00025516 its own emotional punching you have to ZrMgwh99XNY-00104-00025517-00025845 respond accordingly ZrMgwh99XNY-00105-00025847-00026027 there's a second story this one's a ZrMgwh99XNY-00106-00026029-00026283 person error the outcome was even worse ZrMgwh99XNY-00107-00026285-00026674 an eight-year-old was killed and the ZrMgwh99XNY-00108-00026675-00026869 small independent pharmacy released a ZrMgwh99XNY-00109-00026870-00027127 statement to the media that said at this ZrMgwh99XNY-00110-00027127-00027414 time we have no comment the family has ZrMgwh99XNY-00111-00027416-00027691 retained counsel the matter is being ZrMgwh99XNY-00112-00027692-00028352 addressed three terse sentences and ZrMgwh99XNY-00113-00028354-00028618 listen I've been coming at this from a ZrMgwh99XNY-00114-00028619-00028813 brand reputation point of view but ZrMgwh99XNY-00115-00028814-00029286 there's more to it than that a family is ZrMgwh99XNY-00116-00029287-00029583 stricken a child has died and your ZrMgwh99XNY-00117-00029585-00029887 company is involved and I know thinking ZrMgwh99XNY-00118-00029888-00030052 about that must be overwhelming and ZrMgwh99XNY-00119-00030052-00030339 terrible but when you communicate you ZrMgwh99XNY-00120-00030341-00030760 have to lean in to those feelings if all ZrMgwh99XNY-00121-00030761-00031231 you are doing is giving people this kind ZrMgwh99XNY-00122-00031232-00031519 of terse legal boilerplate you're ZrMgwh99XNY-00123-00031520-00031687 diminishing that family's grief and ZrMgwh99XNY-00124-00031688-00031958 you're diminishing your own humanity ZrMgwh99XNY-00125-00031960-00032395 this is soul-crushing stuff but language ZrMgwh99XNY-00126-00032395-00032572 and authentic communication help us ZrMgwh99XNY-00127-00032573-00032737 survive it and may even help us ZrMgwh99XNY-00128-00032738-00032974 understand it a little and at the very ZrMgwh99XNY-00129-00032975-00033280 least human communication reminds us ZrMgwh99XNY-00130-00033281-00033619 that we aren't alone and if your ZrMgwh99XNY-00131-00033620-00033808 communication needs to do nothing less ZrMgwh99XNY-00132-00033809-00034186 than at least aim for that ZujlPKmtuy8-00000-00000003-00000337 live from Boston Massachusetts ZujlPKmtuy8-00001-00000338-00000686 it's the cube covering IFS world ZujlPKmtuy8-00002-00000687-00001258 conference 2019 brought to you by ifs ZujlPKmtuy8-00003-00001259-00001478 we're back at the Hynes Convention ZujlPKmtuy8-00004-00001479-00001622 Center in Boston this is a cube the ZujlPKmtuy8-00005-00001623-00001766 leader in live tech coverage and this is ZujlPKmtuy8-00006-00001767-00002030 our coverage of ifs world 2019 Matt ZujlPKmtuy8-00007-00002030-00002207 Smith is here he's the global chief ZujlPKmtuy8-00008-00002208-00002474 architect Paul Gillen and I are happy to ZujlPKmtuy8-00009-00002475-00002588 have you on Matt great to see it ZujlPKmtuy8-00010-00002589-00002720 pleasure to be here thanks very much ZujlPKmtuy8-00011-00002721-00002875 Philemon you're welcome so business ZujlPKmtuy8-00012-00002876-00003100 value engineering is a concept that ZujlPKmtuy8-00013-00003101-00003322 you're a fan of and one that you've sort ZujlPKmtuy8-00014-00003323-00003533 of promoted and evolved what is business ZujlPKmtuy8-00015-00003534-00003752 value engineering so business value ZujlPKmtuy8-00016-00003753-00003926 engineering is quite a common term in ZujlPKmtuy8-00017-00003927-00004085 the industry but here are ifs it's a ZujlPKmtuy8-00018-00004086-00004328 little different fundamentally it's a ZujlPKmtuy8-00019-00004329-00004544 collaborative process that we use ZujlPKmtuy8-00020-00004545-00004736 working with our customers and our ZujlPKmtuy8-00021-00004737-00005009 partners and to make sure that what we ZujlPKmtuy8-00022-00005010-00005258 do with those customers and delivers ZujlPKmtuy8-00023-00005259-00005554 financial value to their business so ZujlPKmtuy8-00024-00005555-00005717 it's fundamentally about making sure ZujlPKmtuy8-00025-00005718-00006041 what we deliver delivers value so I want ZujlPKmtuy8-00026-00006042-00006149 to ask you a question about this because ZujlPKmtuy8-00027-00006150-00006356 your philosophy as a company seems to be ZujlPKmtuy8-00028-00006357-00006758 that let the customer define value it's ZujlPKmtuy8-00029-00006759-00006977 in their terms not your terms not trying ZujlPKmtuy8-00030-00006978-00007187 to impose a value you know equation on ZujlPKmtuy8-00031-00007188-00007420 them at the same time it's nice to be ZujlPKmtuy8-00032-00007422-00007696 able to compare across companies or ZujlPKmtuy8-00033-00007697-00007909 industries and firm level and so forth ZujlPKmtuy8-00034-00007911-00008213 so how do you sort of reconcile that is ZujlPKmtuy8-00035-00008214-00008414 it like balanced scorecard is sort of ZujlPKmtuy8-00036-00008415-00008651 hey you can tailor to yourself versus ZujlPKmtuy8-00037-00008652-00008885 some kind of rigid methodology how do ZujlPKmtuy8-00038-00008886-00009199 those two worlds meet in bve yes so ZujlPKmtuy8-00039-00009200-00009455 obviously benchmarking across industry ZujlPKmtuy8-00040-00009456-00009605 is really important and there are lots ZujlPKmtuy8-00041-00009606-00009755 of people that do that kind of work and ZujlPKmtuy8-00042-00009756-00009874 that's part of business value ZujlPKmtuy8-00043-00009875-00010189 engineering fundamentally it's about ZujlPKmtuy8-00044-00010190-00010435 mutual collaboration so it's not just ZujlPKmtuy8-00045-00010436-00010637 about using that the customers framework ZujlPKmtuy8-00046-00010638-00010766 or that or their language it's about ZujlPKmtuy8-00047-00010767-00011017 agreeing the language one of the ZujlPKmtuy8-00048-00011018-00011171 challenges when you're trying to build a ZujlPKmtuy8-00049-00011172-00011369 business relationship with with one or ZujlPKmtuy8-00050-00011370-00011558 more parties is you have to have a ZujlPKmtuy8-00051-00011559-00011735 common shared understanding a common ZujlPKmtuy8-00052-00011736-00011981 vision and a common value system so that ZujlPKmtuy8-00053-00011982-00012139 when I say something to you it means the ZujlPKmtuy8-00054-00012140-00012344 same thing when you say it to me and so ZujlPKmtuy8-00055-00012345-00012524 part of that collaborative process ZujlPKmtuy8-00056-00012525-00012808 requires that you work together and ZujlPKmtuy8-00057-00012809-00013043 business value engineering facilitates ZujlPKmtuy8-00058-00013044-00013250 that it's not just about producing a ZujlPKmtuy8-00059-00013251-00013341 business case ZujlPKmtuy8-00060-00013341-00013593 it's really more about the process and ZujlPKmtuy8-00061-00013594-00013818 steps that you go through to get to that ZujlPKmtuy8-00062-00013819-00014010 business case that allows you to ZujlPKmtuy8-00063-00014011-00014172 establish trust and understanding and ZujlPKmtuy8-00064-00014172-00014369 clarity how does this enter into the ZujlPKmtuy8-00065-00014370-00014697 customer discussion and so it enters as ZujlPKmtuy8-00066-00014697-00014868 early as you can possibly make it enter ZujlPKmtuy8-00067-00014869-00015075 right so right at the beginning you ZujlPKmtuy8-00068-00015076-00015282 asked the very first question which is ZujlPKmtuy8-00069-00015283-00015450 fundamentally what are the business ZujlPKmtuy8-00070-00015451-00015576 initiatives that you are trying to ZujlPKmtuy8-00071-00015577-00015774 achieve with this potential change ZujlPKmtuy8-00072-00015775-00016005 program and then you have a deep ZujlPKmtuy8-00073-00016006-00016280 discussion about what they mean so you ZujlPKmtuy8-00074-00016281-00016437 understand and they understand and ZujlPKmtuy8-00075-00016438-00016674 everybody really agrees firmly what ZujlPKmtuy8-00076-00016675-00016929 we're trying to achieve before you get ZujlPKmtuy8-00077-00016930-00017181 anywhere near solution and it's really ZujlPKmtuy8-00078-00017182-00017369 difficult as technical people I've got a ZujlPKmtuy8-00079-00017370-00017541 technical background to stop yourself ZujlPKmtuy8-00080-00017542-00017712 from hearing a problem and going I've ZujlPKmtuy8-00081-00017713-00017969 got a solution for that and it puts that ZujlPKmtuy8-00082-00017970-00018213 that more disciplined approach to make ZujlPKmtuy8-00083-00018214-00018354 sure that you don't straightaway go to ZujlPKmtuy8-00084-00018355-00018606 solution to help you really understand ZujlPKmtuy8-00085-00018607-00018732 where you're going how you're going to ZujlPKmtuy8-00086-00018733-00018891 get there and therefore what the ZujlPKmtuy8-00087-00018892-00019092 financial benefits and metrics would be ZujlPKmtuy8-00088-00019093-00019293 to do it who are the ideal stakeholders ZujlPKmtuy8-00089-00019294-00019472 when you're doing a collaboration like ZujlPKmtuy8-00090-00019473-00019659 this in terms of getting them involved ZujlPKmtuy8-00091-00019660-00019965 in getting their input so you might ZujlPKmtuy8-00092-00019966-00020136 expect the answer to be c-level ZujlPKmtuy8-00093-00020137-00020358 executives and and of course they're ZujlPKmtuy8-00094-00020359-00020511 important from a leadership and a ZujlPKmtuy8-00095-00020512-00020760 direction perspective but as it turns ZujlPKmtuy8-00096-00020761-00021027 out from a human psychological behavior ZujlPKmtuy8-00097-00021028-00021225 perspective there are three personality ZujlPKmtuy8-00098-00021226-00021486 types that are really really suitable ZujlPKmtuy8-00099-00021487-00021717 for this kind of engagement work that's ZujlPKmtuy8-00100-00021718-00021944 focused around change and if you find ZujlPKmtuy8-00101-00021945-00022106 those three personality types and ZujlPKmtuy8-00102-00022107-00022278 they're quite well understood types of ZujlPKmtuy8-00103-00022279-00022503 people they're the ones that tend to ZujlPKmtuy8-00104-00022504-00022722 cause change to happen and more ZujlPKmtuy8-00105-00022723-00022872 successfully doesn't mean they're any ZujlPKmtuy8-00106-00022873-00023031 more valuable than anybody else inside ZujlPKmtuy8-00107-00023032-00023228 an organization but they are the right ZujlPKmtuy8-00108-00023229-00023421 kinds of people to establish this sort ZujlPKmtuy8-00109-00023422-00023625 of work with and it's important you have ZujlPKmtuy8-00110-00023626-00023790 the right number of those people in a ZujlPKmtuy8-00111-00023791-00024093 change program so change agents I'm sure ZujlPKmtuy8-00112-00024094-00024278 I would think like a P&L manager who's ZujlPKmtuy8-00113-00024279-00024591 he or she's controlling a portion of the ZujlPKmtuy8-00114-00024592-00024783 budget has thousands of people working ZujlPKmtuy8-00115-00024784-00025034 for them would be important maybe not a ZujlPKmtuy8-00116-00025035-00025191 c-level executive but a line of business ZujlPKmtuy8-00117-00025192-00025353 executive the some of the field general ZujlPKmtuy8-00118-00025354-00025625 yeah would that be an example of a ZujlPKmtuy8-00119-00025626-00025788 change agent say not necessarily because ZujlPKmtuy8-00120-00025789-00025962 they're trying to protect their turf so ZujlPKmtuy8-00121-00025963-00026205 not necessarily right when it comes to ZujlPKmtuy8-00122-00026206-00026418 change change is always hard in any ZujlPKmtuy8-00123-00026419-00026598 company you've ever been in all of our ZujlPKmtuy8-00124-00026599-00026719 careers change is difficult ZujlPKmtuy8-00125-00026720-00026935 right wake up in the morning let's ZujlPKmtuy8-00126-00026936-00027349 change yeah so it's more about who who ZujlPKmtuy8-00127-00027350-00027511 are the people that lay the groundwork ZujlPKmtuy8-00128-00027512-00027730 for that change that you follow you ZujlPKmtuy8-00129-00027731-00027964 listen to the influences and now of ZujlPKmtuy8-00130-00027964-00028150 course you'll have people that own the ZujlPKmtuy8-00131-00028151-00028393 budget the financial controllers and ZujlPKmtuy8-00132-00028394-00028522 absolutely they're important of course ZujlPKmtuy8-00133-00028523-00028726 they are but they may not be the ZujlPKmtuy8-00134-00028727-00028963 personality type that causes change to ZujlPKmtuy8-00135-00028964-00029206 happen and business value engineering is ZujlPKmtuy8-00136-00029207-00029437 about making sure you harness the right ZujlPKmtuy8-00137-00029438-00029652 talent the right skills the right people ZujlPKmtuy8-00138-00029654-00029970 at the right time to help organizations ZujlPKmtuy8-00139-00029970-00030361 realize the benefit of change if you ZujlPKmtuy8-00140-00030362-00030538 excuse me this does not seem like a ZujlPKmtuy8-00141-00030539-00030811 typical role for a software company to ZujlPKmtuy8-00142-00030812-00031129 take on you know change management what ZujlPKmtuy8-00143-00031130-00031537 how do you why do you put yourself in ZujlPKmtuy8-00144-00031538-00031762 that role and I think this is something ZujlPKmtuy8-00145-00031763-00031945 that all software companies are going to ZujlPKmtuy8-00146-00031945-00032139 have to do and you will see the subject ZujlPKmtuy8-00147-00032141-00032329 of business value engineering in many ZujlPKmtuy8-00148-00032330-00032572 software vendors now it's true it's a ZujlPKmtuy8-00149-00032573-00032770 fine line between being a business ZujlPKmtuy8-00150-00032771-00033019 analyst and being a software vendor now ZujlPKmtuy8-00151-00033020-00033145 where were a software provider ZujlPKmtuy8-00152-00033146-00033376 I think software providers that don't ZujlPKmtuy8-00153-00033377-00033637 deliver the context and the value that ZujlPKmtuy8-00154-00033638-00033802 they are trying to achieve with the ZujlPKmtuy8-00155-00033803-00034075 software they buy in the customers are ZujlPKmtuy8-00156-00034076-00034381 poorer suppliers because they're just ZujlPKmtuy8-00157-00034382-00034641 trying to push technology and it's fun ZujlPKmtuy8-00158-00034642-00034831 technologists like myself enjoy the ZujlPKmtuy8-00159-00034832-00034972 technology and I would buy technology ZujlPKmtuy8-00160-00034973-00035170 all day long but is it really the right ZujlPKmtuy8-00161-00035171-00035430 thing to do so I think it's about being ZujlPKmtuy8-00162-00035431-00035707 morally right you have to take a high ZujlPKmtuy8-00163-00035708-00035929 ground and conduct that engagement in a ZujlPKmtuy8-00164-00035930-00036289 way which in some cases and this has ZujlPKmtuy8-00165-00036290-00036511 certainly been true in my career you do ZujlPKmtuy8-00166-00036512-00036724 the business value work and you realize ZujlPKmtuy8-00167-00036725-00036850 that you probably shouldn't do the ZujlPKmtuy8-00168-00036851-00037153 project and you have to have that that ZujlPKmtuy8-00169-00037154-00037390 fortitude to say to the customer this is ZujlPKmtuy8-00170-00037391-00037594 actually not a great idea because the ZujlPKmtuy8-00171-00037595-00037969 financial case doesn't support this and ZujlPKmtuy8-00172-00037970-00038191 I think it's it's taking that moral ZujlPKmtuy8-00173-00038192-00038356 high-ground is a really important stance ZujlPKmtuy8-00174-00038357-00038661 and software companies that do that ZujlPKmtuy8-00175-00038662-00038893 generally those customers will come back ZujlPKmtuy8-00176-00038894-00039073 to you in a future dark time when ZujlPKmtuy8-00177-00039074-00039181 they've got a different problem that ZujlPKmtuy8-00178-00039182-00039370 perhaps does fit you so I think it's ZujlPKmtuy8-00179-00039371-00039586 about recognizing there's a both a short ZujlPKmtuy8-00180-00039587-00039763 and medium and a long term engagement ZujlPKmtuy8-00181-00039764-00039952 with with with the customers that you ZujlPKmtuy8-00182-00039953-00040026 have two main ZujlPKmtuy8-00183-00040027-00040347 mana 2019 given all the discussion on ZujlPKmtuy8-00184-00040348-00040770 data digital transformation a I you know ZujlPKmtuy8-00185-00040771-00041079 cloud I would think the data plays a ZujlPKmtuy8-00186-00041080-00041286 crucial role in these discussions so ZujlPKmtuy8-00187-00041287-00041520 what role does data play do companies ZujlPKmtuy8-00188-00041521-00041829 understand the importance of data as it ZujlPKmtuy8-00189-00041830-00042101 relates to the business value discussion ZujlPKmtuy8-00190-00042102-00042336 absolutely I think I think that's a ZujlPKmtuy8-00191-00042337-00042600 data-driven decision making is is pretty ZujlPKmtuy8-00192-00042601-00042768 fundamental you know a lot of people say ZujlPKmtuy8-00193-00042769-00042942 the numbers don't lie maybe some ZujlPKmtuy8-00194-00042943-00043176 statistics might be bent but numbers ZujlPKmtuy8-00195-00043177-00043362 don't really lie so you've got to be ZujlPKmtuy8-00196-00043363-00043566 able to capture numbers and make ZujlPKmtuy8-00197-00043567-00043950 decisions based on those numbers so one ZujlPKmtuy8-00198-00043951-00044130 of the difficulties though is that for ZujlPKmtuy8-00199-00044131-00044457 many many years in many industries we've ZujlPKmtuy8-00200-00044458-00044868 been using very simple terminology and ZujlPKmtuy8-00201-00044869-00045160 simple mathematical calculations to do ZujlPKmtuy8-00202-00045161-00045336 these value calculations everybody's ZujlPKmtuy8-00203-00045337-00045549 aware of years ago the software industry ZujlPKmtuy8-00204-00045550-00045816 was awash with phrases like return on ZujlPKmtuy8-00205-00045817-00046512 investment calculators ROI some of these ZujlPKmtuy8-00206-00046513-00046707 numbers are valid right for a business ZujlPKmtuy8-00207-00046708-00046896 case for sure for sure and for just ZujlPKmtuy8-00208-00046897-00047133 sticking with simple things like ROI ZujlPKmtuy8-00209-00047134-00047400 isn't it's not enough valid if you treat ZujlPKmtuy8-00210-00047401-00047670 the software as an asset as a as an ZujlPKmtuy8-00211-00047671-00047847 expense essentially yeah yeah absolutely ZujlPKmtuy8-00212-00047848-00048186 but then it it comes to the engagements ZujlPKmtuy8-00213-00048187-00048408 more than just software I like I like to ZujlPKmtuy8-00214-00048409-00048693 think as a human being the software is ZujlPKmtuy8-00215-00048694-00048918 considerably less than half the game in ZujlPKmtuy8-00216-00048919-00049047 any change program where you're trying ZujlPKmtuy8-00217-00049048-00049281 to achieve value and the people the ZujlPKmtuy8-00218-00049282-00049413 human beings that are going to do the ZujlPKmtuy8-00219-00049414-00049671 work are the ones that are going to ZujlPKmtuy8-00220-00049672-00049899 generate the value the software's a tool ZujlPKmtuy8-00221-00049900-00050130 and that you use a very important tool ZujlPKmtuy8-00222-00050131-00050325 but it's a tool so you have to think ZujlPKmtuy8-00223-00050326-00050583 about how do you build teams that can ZujlPKmtuy8-00224-00050584-00050814 collaborate around value achieve the ZujlPKmtuy8-00225-00050815-00051006 value measure the value capture that ZujlPKmtuy8-00226-00051007-00051274 data but at the same time physically ZujlPKmtuy8-00227-00051275-00051441 collaborate properly to do the work so ZujlPKmtuy8-00228-00051442-00051576 how have you applied this methodology ZujlPKmtuy8-00229-00051577-00051942 for your customers so we've done a ZujlPKmtuy8-00230-00051943-00052164 number of things so we've established a ZujlPKmtuy8-00231-00052165-00052557 practice inside ifs we've made sure that ZujlPKmtuy8-00232-00052558-00052788 every country has the capability to do ZujlPKmtuy8-00233-00052789-00052954 business value engineering we've hired ZujlPKmtuy8-00234-00052954-00053122 some specialists people who do this for ZujlPKmtuy8-00235-00053123-00053294 a living ZujlPKmtuy8-00236-00053295-00053512 and we are working with lots and lots of ZujlPKmtuy8-00237-00053513-00053711 customers now on this as a more ZujlPKmtuy8-00238-00053712-00054106 methodical disciplined approach but ZujlPKmtuy8-00239-00054107-00054311 we've also recognized that we needed to ZujlPKmtuy8-00240-00054312-00054682 measure our existing customers benefits ZujlPKmtuy8-00241-00054683-00054880 so what is our existing customer base ZujlPKmtuy8-00242-00054882-00055136 achieved with our software so we ZujlPKmtuy8-00243-00055137-00055351 commissioned a pretty big and important ZujlPKmtuy8-00244-00055352-00055630 study and that was anonymous we weren't ZujlPKmtuy8-00245-00055632-00055900 involved other than inviting the company ZujlPKmtuy8-00246-00055901-00056116 to go and do this work and then ZujlPKmtuy8-00247-00056117-00056287 unleashing them on our customer base for ZujlPKmtuy8-00248-00056288-00056603 six months across all industries all ZujlPKmtuy8-00249-00056604-00056851 products and asking them to go and find ZujlPKmtuy8-00250-00056852-00057079 out and measure what our customers ZujlPKmtuy8-00251-00057080-00057376 really achieve with the software so how ZujlPKmtuy8-00252-00057377-00057616 was that anonymous how was that you ZujlPKmtuy8-00253-00057617-00057746 weren't doing the survey we weren't ZujlPKmtuy8-00254-00057747-00058081 doing a survey and any numbers that came ZujlPKmtuy8-00255-00058082-00058436 back where were anonymized yes so we we ZujlPKmtuy8-00256-00058437-00058651 couldn't say oh it was this company that ZujlPKmtuy8-00257-00058652-00058796 gave this feedback with these numbers ZujlPKmtuy8-00258-00058797-00059062 right so it gave them a sense of freedom ZujlPKmtuy8-00259-00059063-00059218 to be able to express and share that ZujlPKmtuy8-00260-00059219-00059380 data and so you were specifically asking ZujlPKmtuy8-00261-00059382-00059782 about the the business impact of IFS ZujlPKmtuy8-00262-00059783-00059915 software throughout some kind of ZujlPKmtuy8-00263-00059916-00060082 lifecycle like a before and after ZujlPKmtuy8-00264-00060083-00060355 yes excises and it to be or yeah what ZujlPKmtuy8-00265-00060357-00060611 happened okay so what would you find um ZujlPKmtuy8-00266-00060612-00060923 so there's a couple of surprises in the ZujlPKmtuy8-00267-00060924-00061238 results actually so firstly tell us who ZujlPKmtuy8-00268-00061239-00061426 did the study results yeah so so the the ZujlPKmtuy8-00269-00061427-00061600 study that's a good question because the ZujlPKmtuy8-00270-00061601-00061811 choices are many there's are lots of ZujlPKmtuy8-00271-00061812-00062041 analyst firms out there that you could ZujlPKmtuy8-00272-00062042-00062300 use all do this sort of work and do it ZujlPKmtuy8-00273-00062301-00062629 very well the team that I worked with we ZujlPKmtuy8-00274-00062630-00062849 we'd personally had a previous ZujlPKmtuy8-00275-00062850-00063215 relationship with IDC now we really ZujlPKmtuy8-00276-00063216-00063353 liked IDC and I've done some of this ZujlPKmtuy8-00277-00063354-00063635 work previously with IDC because they ZujlPKmtuy8-00278-00063636-00063896 they are more they're an analyst that ZujlPKmtuy8-00279-00063897-00064112 has more statistician z' as well as ZujlPKmtuy8-00280-00064113-00064334 analysts so they take a really very ZujlPKmtuy8-00281-00064335-00064574 methodical mathematical approach and as ZujlPKmtuy8-00282-00064575-00064756 a scientist I very much appreciated that ZujlPKmtuy8-00283-00064757-00065015 so we we picked them to do this work and ZujlPKmtuy8-00284-00065016-00065191 they they take it really very very ZujlPKmtuy8-00285-00065192-00065425 seriously and there were a lot of strict ZujlPKmtuy8-00286-00065426-00065701 processes they have for how we are ZujlPKmtuy8-00287-00065702-00065893 allowed to engage with them and talk to ZujlPKmtuy8-00288-00065894-00066137 them during this process and that rigor ZujlPKmtuy8-00289-00066138-00066398 I think allows us to be comfortable with ZujlPKmtuy8-00290-00066399-00066595 the numbers and for our customers ZujlPKmtuy8-00291-00066596-00066715 be comfortable with the numbers that ZujlPKmtuy8-00292-00066716-00066910 they obtain hmm because of this ZujlPKmtuy8-00293-00066911-00067180 anonymity and the rigor they put behind ZujlPKmtuy8-00294-00067181-00067423 it that's why we picked IDC today the ZujlPKmtuy8-00295-00067424-00067687 work in terms of what we found or what ZujlPKmtuy8-00296-00067688-00067858 they found and we now just see the ZujlPKmtuy8-00297-00067859-00068062 report and our customers can go and see ZujlPKmtuy8-00298-00068063-00068245 this report we published it last week so ZujlPKmtuy8-00299-00068246-00068422 just going to freely download and look ZujlPKmtuy8-00300-00068423-00068782 at the material from IDC the first thing ZujlPKmtuy8-00301-00068783-00069079 that was interesting about the study was ZujlPKmtuy8-00302-00069080-00069295 human productivity focused so not things ZujlPKmtuy8-00303-00069296-00069499 like how much inventory you hold in ZujlPKmtuy8-00304-00069500-00069727 supply chain and was it reduced it was ZujlPKmtuy8-00305-00069728-00069979 more about how did the workers get on ZujlPKmtuy8-00306-00069980-00070192 what kind of mistakes did they made they ZujlPKmtuy8-00307-00070193-00070411 are they faster during their work more ZujlPKmtuy8-00308-00070412-00070657 successful and it and they looked at ZujlPKmtuy8-00309-00070658-00070857 lots of different categories and the ZujlPKmtuy8-00310-00070858-00071227 returns the improvements range from just ZujlPKmtuy8-00311-00071228-00071479 a 10% improvement so not not a huge ZujlPKmtuy8-00312-00071480-00071715 improvement all the way up to a 94% ZujlPKmtuy8-00313-00071716-00071914 improvement in productivity human ZujlPKmtuy8-00314-00071915-00072181 productivity if you averaged it all out ZujlPKmtuy8-00315-00072182-00072520 it works out at just shy of of 19% yeah ZujlPKmtuy8-00316-00072521-00072667 it's at 18 and a bit percent ZujlPKmtuy8-00317-00072668-00072970 productivity improvement across all the ZujlPKmtuy8-00318-00072971-00073186 different teams from the finance ZujlPKmtuy8-00319-00073187-00073423 function the supply chain function human ZujlPKmtuy8-00320-00073424-00073603 resource function sales team ZujlPKmtuy8-00321-00073604-00073957 productivity function so we saw a range ZujlPKmtuy8-00322-00073958-00074227 what was good was it pretty much didn't ZujlPKmtuy8-00323-00074228-00074470 matter which category of customer or ZujlPKmtuy8-00324-00074471-00074773 size of customer or industry they all ZujlPKmtuy8-00325-00074774-00075013 saw pretty similar productivity ZujlPKmtuy8-00326-00075014-00075199 improvements which means we can ZujlPKmtuy8-00327-00075200-00075466 extrapolate the numbers the second thing ZujlPKmtuy8-00328-00075467-00075778 we saw which is a surprise a very ZujlPKmtuy8-00329-00075779-00076051 pleasant surprise was that usually when ZujlPKmtuy8-00330-00076052-00076216 you see these kinds of benefit studies ZujlPKmtuy8-00331-00076217-00076474 most of the value is in cost-saving and ZujlPKmtuy8-00332-00076475-00076783 only cost-saving that tends to be where ZujlPKmtuy8-00333-00076784-00076966 asset management resource planning ZujlPKmtuy8-00334-00076967-00077509 service management happens just under ZujlPKmtuy8-00335-00077510-00077782 half of the value that the IDC study ZujlPKmtuy8-00336-00077783-00078151 showed was net new revenue the customers ZujlPKmtuy8-00337-00078152-00078286 were finding that nearly half of the ZujlPKmtuy8-00338-00078287-00078487 benefit was new money coming to the ZujlPKmtuy8-00339-00078488-00078739 company top-line benefit that's a little ZujlPKmtuy8-00340-00078740-00079003 unusual so let me pick probably episode ZujlPKmtuy8-00341-00079004-00079189 productivity when I'm in your st. ZujlPKmtuy8-00342-00079190-00079312 productivity I think revenue per ZujlPKmtuy8-00343-00079313-00079474 employee as a simplest measure of ZujlPKmtuy8-00344-00079475-00079651 productivity then you're saying there ZujlPKmtuy8-00345-00079652-00079818 was incremental revenue as well ZujlPKmtuy8-00346-00079819-00079931 independent ZujlPKmtuy8-00347-00079932-00080204 if first of all is is revenue per ZujlPKmtuy8-00348-00080205-00080344 employee the right measure or was it ZujlPKmtuy8-00349-00080345-00080593 more like doing things faster or sort of ZujlPKmtuy8-00350-00080594-00080924 more generic measurements and and ZujlPKmtuy8-00351-00080925-00081199 specific to a task or was it kind of ZujlPKmtuy8-00352-00081200-00081487 boil down to a revenue per employee and ZujlPKmtuy8-00353-00081488-00081812 and then how did that relate to the the ZujlPKmtuy8-00354-00081813-00082235 incremental revenue yeah I do so it was ZujlPKmtuy8-00355-00082236-00082612 done by function by team type so if you ZujlPKmtuy8-00356-00082613-00082817 look to finance and auditing and Human ZujlPKmtuy8-00357-00082818-00082997 Resources and supply chain and so on so ZujlPKmtuy8-00358-00082998-00083188 that the metrics and the you'll see in ZujlPKmtuy8-00359-00083189-00083540 in the in the white paper are specific ZujlPKmtuy8-00360-00083541-00083755 to the teams specifically that role ZujlPKmtuy8-00361-00083756-00083968 specific to that right you're not really ZujlPKmtuy8-00362-00083969-00084104 big an insurance but a claims adjuster ZujlPKmtuy8-00363-00084105-00084463 could you know get more claims done ZujlPKmtuy8-00364-00084464-00084623 exactly or something like yeah exactly ZujlPKmtuy8-00365-00084624-00084905 example so you'd find for example one of ZujlPKmtuy8-00366-00084906-00085168 the the statistics was around field ZujlPKmtuy8-00367-00085169-00085421 service engineering and how many jobs ZujlPKmtuy8-00368-00085422-00085691 per day they can do so it was reasonably ZujlPKmtuy8-00369-00085692-00085874 specific and they would attribute that ZujlPKmtuy8-00370-00085875-00086171 directly to your software correct now as ZujlPKmtuy8-00371-00086172-00086476 a result of installing ifs how much ZujlPKmtuy8-00372-00086477-00086762 would you increase your you know etc for ZujlPKmtuy8-00373-00086763-00086954 a day your yep and that's why it took me ZujlPKmtuy8-00374-00086955-00087110 six months to do the study I mean this ZujlPKmtuy8-00375-00087111-00087250 is quite an in-depth piece and how many ZujlPKmtuy8-00376-00087251-00087526 customers did the interview and so it ZujlPKmtuy8-00377-00087527-00087832 was across and we gave them a challenge ZujlPKmtuy8-00378-00087833-00088212 to do this so it was a set of about 17 ZujlPKmtuy8-00379-00088213-00088507 fairly large customers and which sounds ZujlPKmtuy8-00380-00088508-00088693 like a small number but when you do ZujlPKmtuy8-00381-00088694-00088882 these kinds of studies that's a totally ZujlPKmtuy8-00382-00088883-00089068 good legitimate number and then I mean ZujlPKmtuy8-00383-00089069-00089366 these are in-depth surveys that's not ZujlPKmtuy8-00384-00089367-00089759 like it's not trivial and then as well ZujlPKmtuy8-00385-00089760-00090187 revenue increases specific to the ZujlPKmtuy8-00386-00090188-00090331 software so that would have been what ZujlPKmtuy8-00387-00090332-00090607 like cohort sales or service you know ZujlPKmtuy8-00388-00090608-00090751 follow on sales things of that nature ZujlPKmtuy8-00389-00090752-00091018 yeah absolutely and and and that's why ZujlPKmtuy8-00390-00091019-00091172 we were so delighted with the report ZujlPKmtuy8-00391-00091173-00091361 when it came back because it was it was ZujlPKmtuy8-00392-00091362-00091823 a really nice pleasant finding so most ZujlPKmtuy8-00393-00091824-00092017 companies that were all the companies ZujlPKmtuy8-00394-00092018-00092224 reported the revenue increase but some ZujlPKmtuy8-00395-00092225-00092465 were bigger than others on average it ZujlPKmtuy8-00396-00092466-00092654 was a pretty sizable chunk nearly half ZujlPKmtuy8-00397-00092655-00092956 of all of the benefit and when we asked ZujlPKmtuy8-00398-00092957-00093167 IDC well you know can you give us some ZujlPKmtuy8-00399-00093168-00093296 kind of glimpse as to why ZujlPKmtuy8-00400-00093297-00093557 we see such a large chunk of improved ZujlPKmtuy8-00401-00093558-00093896 revenue IDC said well you're improving ZujlPKmtuy8-00402-00093897-00094142 the productivity of the sales teams so ZujlPKmtuy8-00403-00094143-00094379 they can quote faster there's more ZujlPKmtuy8-00404-00094380-00094652 accuracy in those quotes the service ZujlPKmtuy8-00405-00094653-00095000 quality is improved the speed and to get ZujlPKmtuy8-00406-00095001-00095222 a product to market is faster so their ZujlPKmtuy8-00407-00095223-00095435 ability to respond to bids and tenders ZujlPKmtuy8-00408-00095436-00095678 is better so it's actually a combination ZujlPKmtuy8-00409-00095679-00096010 of lots of things speed error quality ZujlPKmtuy8-00410-00096011-00096323 improvements that led to their ability ZujlPKmtuy8-00411-00096324-00096536 to bid and win faster and better ZujlPKmtuy8-00412-00096537-00096809 business net new revenue did you attempt ZujlPKmtuy8-00413-00096810-00097280 to factor in less tangible factors such ZujlPKmtuy8-00414-00097281-00097535 as customer satisfaction net promoter ZujlPKmtuy8-00415-00097536-00097958 score perceived value customer perceived ZujlPKmtuy8-00416-00097959-00098342 value so the the folk note that the ZujlPKmtuy8-00417-00098343-00098465 focus of the study was human ZujlPKmtuy8-00418-00098466-00098753 productivity and it's something that I ZujlPKmtuy8-00419-00098754-00099017 DC do particularly well and that's ZujlPKmtuy8-00420-00099018-00099176 that's what we gave them as a as a ZujlPKmtuy8-00421-00099177-00099407 target obviously when we're doing ZujlPKmtuy8-00422-00099408-00099578 business value engineering you then have ZujlPKmtuy8-00423-00099579-00099848 to take way more than just that things ZujlPKmtuy8-00424-00099849-00100013 like the benchmark data you'd find from ZujlPKmtuy8-00425-00100014-00100235 a study like IDC have conducted where ZujlPKmtuy8-00426-00100236-00100436 you take into account those soft factors ZujlPKmtuy8-00427-00100437-00100733 and other factors outside of human ZujlPKmtuy8-00428-00100734-00101018 productivity so value engineering is way ZujlPKmtuy8-00429-00101019-00101189 more than just human productivity which ZujlPKmtuy8-00430-00101190-00101414 is why it's an engagement model it's ZujlPKmtuy8-00431-00101415-00101546 something you have to do mutually ZujlPKmtuy8-00432-00101547-00101875 together that kind of transparency ZujlPKmtuy8-00433-00101876-00102122 really is what most customers are now ZujlPKmtuy8-00434-00102123-00102322 demanding you know I'm not buying ZujlPKmtuy8-00435-00102323-00102694 technology unless I know what business ZujlPKmtuy8-00436-00102695-00102851 outcome I'm going to obtain from this ZujlPKmtuy8-00437-00102852-00103009 yeah it's just the way of the world ZujlPKmtuy8-00438-00103010-00103289 these days good takeaway that so it's ZujlPKmtuy8-00439-00103290-00103430 not just your software it's not just ZujlPKmtuy8-00440-00103431-00103754 operational impact in nature it's more ZujlPKmtuy8-00441-00103755-00104005 strategic it has productivity impacts ZujlPKmtuy8-00442-00104006-00104182 revenue impacts and obviously cost ZujlPKmtuy8-00443-00104183-00104321 savings as well and people it was in ZujlPKmtuy8-00444-00104322-00104533 there yeah yeah well congratulations ZujlPKmtuy8-00445-00104534-00104608 that's good ZujlPKmtuy8-00446-00104609-00104789 appreciate it how do we get this study ZujlPKmtuy8-00447-00104790-00104969 how do people you said customers can ZujlPKmtuy8-00448-00104970-00105155 download it can anybody down anybody can ZujlPKmtuy8-00449-00105156-00105269 download this yeah there so we've ZujlPKmtuy8-00450-00105270-00105392 published it on our website it's very ZujlPKmtuy8-00451-00105393-00105703 easy to find and it's freely available ZujlPKmtuy8-00452-00105704-00106009 we obviously have to comply with ID seas ZujlPKmtuy8-00453-00106010-00106268 they owned the rights and for the report ZujlPKmtuy8-00454-00106269-00106550 because it was their material but we've ZujlPKmtuy8-00455-00106551-00106664 obviously ZujlPKmtuy8-00456-00106665-00106858 the rights to the other distribute that ZujlPKmtuy8-00457-00106859-00107083 material we think it's super valuable ZujlPKmtuy8-00458-00107084-00107249 for our customers what a business model ZujlPKmtuy8-00459-00107250-00107627 and super well you know and and if I was ZujlPKmtuy8-00460-00107628-00107756 to write business case for it ZujlPKmtuy8-00461-00107757-00107975 I'd be delighted with with the work that ZujlPKmtuy8-00462-00107976-00108107 was done and I'd be happy with the ZujlPKmtuy8-00463-00108108-00108377 outcome and I'm sure our customers will ZujlPKmtuy8-00464-00108378-00108677 make use of the the information and to ZujlPKmtuy8-00465-00108678-00108808 be able to benchmark their own work and ZujlPKmtuy8-00466-00108809-00109094 also hold ifs and our partners to ZujlPKmtuy8-00467-00109095-00109346 account to help build business cases ZujlPKmtuy8-00468-00109347-00109670 well you know I know it's anonymized and ZujlPKmtuy8-00469-00109671-00109829 anonymized to protect the customer but I ZujlPKmtuy8-00470-00109830-00109946 bet you some of the customers would be ZujlPKmtuy8-00471-00109947-00110132 willing to to go public with some of ZujlPKmtuy8-00472-00110133-00110308 this information so hit him up bring him ZujlPKmtuy8-00473-00110309-00110560 on the cube and you know well distribute ZujlPKmtuy8-00474-00110561-00110702 it for free and you want to charge it ZujlPKmtuy8-00475-00110703-00111002 for them and reprint rights great to ZujlPKmtuy8-00476-00111003-00111211 have you on thanks very much all right ZujlPKmtuy8-00477-00111213-00111310 thank you for watching ZujlPKmtuy8-00478-00111311-00111455 Paul Gillen and I will be back with our ZujlPKmtuy8-00479-00111456-00111758 next guest to wrap up IFS world 2019 ZujlPKmtuy8-00480-00111758-00112595 you're watching the cube from Boston ZujlPKmtuy8-00481-00112596-00112900 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00000-00000005-00000041 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00001-00000042-00000701 foreign ZwTvm19Aqjc-00002-00000702-00002776 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00003-00002777-00002881 foreign ZwTvm19Aqjc-00004-00002882-00004230 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00006-00008389-00008759 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00007-00008760-00008811 foreign ZwTvm19Aqjc-00008-00008812-00010340 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00009-00010341-00011291 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00011-00014300-00015778 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00012-00015779-00015953 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00013-00015954-00016080 all right thank you ZwTvm19Aqjc-00014-00016081-00017561 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00015-00017562-00018722 [Music] ZwTvm19Aqjc-00016-00018723-00019416 [Music] 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smaller buys really ZzJ1CpIceE0-00012-00002911-00003039 pops off ZzJ1CpIceE0-00013-00003040-00003295 and just pays for that 20k buy ZzJ1CpIceE0-00014-00003296-00003479 that would be nice ZzJ1CpIceE0-00015-00003479-00003654 i mean especially for this slot you know ZzJ1CpIceE0-00016-00003655-00003870 it would take a lot of the stress ZzJ1CpIceE0-00017-00003871-00004119 off because there is a lot of stress at ZzJ1CpIceE0-00018-00004120-00004254 the moment ZzJ1CpIceE0-00019-00004255-00004438 and this first buy is ZzJ1CpIceE0-00020-00004439-00004591 definitely not gonna do what i was just ZzJ1CpIceE0-00021-00004592-00004783 talking about ZzJ1CpIceE0-00022-00004784-00004975 like where's that triple stack on one of ZzJ1CpIceE0-00023-00004976-00005391 the middle fours ZzJ1CpIceE0-00024-00005392-00005683 first ZzJ1CpIceE0-00025-00005684-00005967 wild um ZzJ1CpIceE0-00026-00005968-00006295 you gotta do a whole lot buddy ZzJ1CpIceE0-00027-00006296-00006414 and with the amount of spins you got ZzJ1CpIceE0-00028-00006415-00006806 left it ain't gonna happen ZzJ1CpIceE0-00029-00006808-00007159 wow that is a tough start ZzJ1CpIceE0-00030-00007159-00007414 okay and also this is a very fast slot ZzJ1CpIceE0-00031-00007415-00007614 whenever it is doing absolutely nothing ZzJ1CpIceE0-00032-00007615-00007759 so ZzJ1CpIceE0-00033-00007759-00007959 you know hopefully we can get it to ZzJ1CpIceE0-00034-00007959-00008199 start doing something so these bonuses ZzJ1CpIceE0-00035-00008200-00008374 aren't you know just ZzJ1CpIceE0-00036-00008375-00008710 very short and sad ZzJ1CpIceE0-00037-00008711-00008991 all right high volatility come on eat ZzJ1CpIceE0-00038-00008992-00009351 spins on my side let's get like ZzJ1CpIceE0-00039-00009352-00009574 let's get the the cup you know give us a ZzJ1CpIceE0-00040-00009575-00009814 little cup boy ZzJ1CpIceE0-00041-00009815-00010023 all right just drop in then drop in ZzJ1CpIceE0-00042-00010024-00010863 please ZzJ1CpIceE0-00043-00010864-00011310 come on ZzJ1CpIceE0-00044-00011311-00011542 oh we're okay you're there can you ZzJ1CpIceE0-00045-00011543-00012014 double drop double drop ZzJ1CpIceE0-00046-00012015-00012087 no ZzJ1CpIceE0-00047-00012088-00012224 ah if it ZzJ1CpIceE0-00048-00012225-00012567 [Music] ZzJ1CpIceE0-00049-00012568-00012807 no don't go dead now double drop we can ZzJ1CpIceE0-00050-00012808-00012999 maybe get a re ZzJ1CpIceE0-00051-00013000-00013199 oh please give us that re ZzJ1CpIceE0-00052-00013200-00013438 re and this one and this could be a very ZzJ1CpIceE0-00053-00013440-00013663 good win re and that gap that would be ZzJ1CpIceE0-00054-00013663-00014015 huge ZzJ1CpIceE0-00055-00014016-00014399 oh please last spin please ZzJ1CpIceE0-00056-00014400-00014815 no man and it's also a horrible win ZzJ1CpIceE0-00057-00014816-00015086 i was gonna do a 3k but i would rather ZzJ1CpIceE0-00058-00015087-00015247 guarantee that we can do some spins ZzJ1CpIceE0-00059-00015247-00015479 after this on 200s and see if we maybe ZzJ1CpIceE0-00060-00015480-00015638 get it on the house i would rather ZzJ1CpIceE0-00061-00015640-00015855 guarantee that ZzJ1CpIceE0-00062-00015856-00016135 yeah so let's see ZzJ1CpIceE0-00063-00016136-00016950 what symbol a little clover ZzJ1CpIceE0-00064-00016951-00017503 nice double okay did ZzJ1CpIceE0-00065-00017504-00017711 good let's fill that gap right now come ZzJ1CpIceE0-00066-00017712-00017847 on fill the gap and give us an extra ZzJ1CpIceE0-00067-00017848-00018167 wild on one of the other ones ZzJ1CpIceE0-00068-00018168-00018567 please bro i'm actually begging ZzJ1CpIceE0-00069-00018568-00018807 if it filled the gap there ZzJ1CpIceE0-00070-00018808-00019207 look at those books over there geez ZzJ1CpIceE0-00071-00019208-00019399 why can't we not fill the gap is it last ZzJ1CpIceE0-00072-00019400-00019727 spin no two yeah ZzJ1CpIceE0-00073-00019728-00019935 wow we are actually ZzJ1CpIceE0-00074-00019936-00020207 ah just premium stack ZzJ1CpIceE0-00075-00020208-00020599 please no way oh actually we get that ZzJ1CpIceE0-00076-00020600-00020943 it's not good but it definitely did a ZzJ1CpIceE0-00077-00020944-00021071 help ZzJ1CpIceE0-00078-00021072-00021239 once again we're getting something that ZzJ1CpIceE0-00079-00021240-00021414 can definitely pay ZzJ1CpIceE0-00080-00021415-00022039 and then it is not doing what it can do ZzJ1CpIceE0-00081-00022040-00022511 clover again ZzJ1CpIceE0-00082-00022512-00022711 come on all right give me a double here ZzJ1CpIceE0-00083-00022712-00023007 give me a double ZzJ1CpIceE0-00084-00023008-00023143 books huh ZzJ1CpIceE0-00085-00023144-00024063 there's books ZzJ1CpIceE0-00086-00024064-00024303 all right this is a bad one we really ZzJ1CpIceE0-00087-00024304-00024542 don't need an hour 20k to do something ZzJ1CpIceE0-00088-00024543-00024822 like this oh bro i'm actually like when ZzJ1CpIceE0-00089-00024823-00025086 i do these 20ks i'm obviously ZzJ1CpIceE0-00090-00025087-00025319 you know a little worried but with this ZzJ1CpIceE0-00091-00025320-00025575 lot i am actually ZzJ1CpIceE0-00092-00025576-00025783 i am very very worried all right we have ZzJ1CpIceE0-00093-00025783-00026190 five spins on 200 so if it were to just ZzJ1CpIceE0-00094-00026191-00026567 be nice and allow me to ZzJ1CpIceE0-00095-00026568-00026862 spin into it wait buy free it doesn't ZzJ1CpIceE0-00096-00026863-00027062 allow it oh that was just a waste of ZzJ1CpIceE0-00097-00027063-00027302 money i guess i'll do ZzJ1CpIceE0-00098-00027304-00027590 let's do five 4k ZzJ1CpIceE0-00099-00027591-00028007 buys i guess that is pretty annoying ZzJ1CpIceE0-00100-00028008-00028174 why why does this lot not allow but ZzJ1CpIceE0-00101-00028175-00028502 every other slot you can do that ZzJ1CpIceE0-00102-00028504-00028711 wow ZzJ1CpIceE0-00103-00028712-00028983 that doesn't make any sense ZzJ1CpIceE0-00104-00028983-00029127 well hopefully one of these just pays ZzJ1CpIceE0-00105-00029127-00029439 then ZzJ1CpIceE0-00106-00029439-00029670 please just give us the diamond worst ZzJ1CpIceE0-00107-00029672-00031087 symbol worst symbol ZzJ1CpIceE0-00108-00031088-00031343 i'll tell you if we had wild sacks going ZzJ1CpIceE0-00109-00031344-00031511 with those books that would have been ZzJ1CpIceE0-00110-00031512-00031783 disgusting we only have two spins so ZzJ1CpIceE0-00111-00031783-00032102 this is kind of tough ZzJ1CpIceE0-00112-00032103-00032343 we cannot fill the gap to save our life ZzJ1CpIceE0-00113-00032344-00032487 and even if you fill the gap right now i ZzJ1CpIceE0-00114-00032488-00032670 mean you'd have to ZzJ1CpIceE0-00115-00032672-00032862 like we need like that like clover ZzJ1CpIceE0-00116-00032863-00033023 anything double stack ZzJ1CpIceE0-00117-00033024-00033327 we wouldn't need something like that but ZzJ1CpIceE0-00118-00033328-00033559 ah man not a good first one not a good ZzJ1CpIceE0-00119-00033560-00033815 first one i'm gonna do all the buys and ZzJ1CpIceE0-00120-00033816-00033943 then ZzJ1CpIceE0-00121-00033944-00034087 end it i feel like it was quiet i don't ZzJ1CpIceE0-00122-00034088-00034295 know why one of them take off you know ZzJ1CpIceE0-00123-00034296-00034518 you give us like a 700x then it's ZzJ1CpIceE0-00124-00034519-00034767 guaranteed profit on the video ZzJ1CpIceE0-00125-00034768-00034951 and that would just be a very nice win i ZzJ1CpIceE0-00126-00034952-00035062 don't know what my biggest win on here ZzJ1CpIceE0-00127-00035063-00035279 is like 2500 x i think i hit pretty big ZzJ1CpIceE0-00128-00035280-00035774 i had a big book stack one video ZzJ1CpIceE0-00129-00035775-00036087 like imagine we had diamonds on you know ZzJ1CpIceE0-00130-00036088-00036399 that spin yeah ZzJ1CpIceE0-00131-00036400-00036639 all right you know let's let's get the ZzJ1CpIceE0-00132-00036640-00036974 other reels filled up too ZzJ1CpIceE0-00133-00036975-00037343 no ZzJ1CpIceE0-00134-00037344-00037511 diamonds just seem to be dropping now ZzJ1CpIceE0-00135-00037512-00037679 huh ZzJ1CpIceE0-00136-00037680-00037815 oh man ZzJ1CpIceE0-00137-00037816-00037990 it started out all right i kind of like ZzJ1CpIceE0-00138-00037991-00038174 how it was stacked like it gave us a two ZzJ1CpIceE0-00139-00038175-00038302 stack and i was like hey maybe i'll just ZzJ1CpIceE0-00140-00038303-00038574 work on the other ones really quick ZzJ1CpIceE0-00141-00038575-00038815 and it did not work on the other ones uh ZzJ1CpIceE0-00142-00038816-00039055 double draw free ZzJ1CpIceE0-00143-00039056-00039199 you know i didn't think it would but i ZzJ1CpIceE0-00144-00039200-00039479 was just hoping for the best ZzJ1CpIceE0-00145-00039480-00039735 not looking the best so far not looking ZzJ1CpIceE0-00146-00039736-00039879 the best ZzJ1CpIceE0-00147-00039880-00040183 surely the rtp has to kick in because ZzJ1CpIceE0-00148-00040184-00040343 this lot has ZzJ1CpIceE0-00149-00040344-00040471 just ZzJ1CpIceE0-00150-00040472-00040599 absolutely ZzJ1CpIceE0-00151-00040600-00040918 just loved my money ZzJ1CpIceE0-00152-00040919-00041143 that's a very good first spin that is a ZzJ1CpIceE0-00153-00041144-00041318 very very good first spin please give us ZzJ1CpIceE0-00154-00041319-00041535 the gap right now ZzJ1CpIceE0-00155-00041536-00041711 if you give us the gap right now we ZzJ1CpIceE0-00156-00041712-00041999 could be on to something ZzJ1CpIceE0-00157-00042000-00042199 why why why why such a good first spin ZzJ1CpIceE0-00158-00042200-00042535 then you like you can't do anything ZzJ1CpIceE0-00159-00042536-00042823 oh my god you're gonna ZzJ1CpIceE0-00160-00042824-00042927 oh ZzJ1CpIceE0-00161-00042928-00043046 wow ZzJ1CpIceE0-00162-00043047-00043151 yeah ZzJ1CpIceE0-00163-00043152-00043246 nice ZzJ1CpIceE0-00164-00043247-00043671 oh my god ZzJ1CpIceE0-00165-00043672-00044246 how upsetting bro how is that a loud ZzJ1CpIceE0-00166-00044247-00044535 you have to re i mean like but ZzJ1CpIceE0-00167-00044536-00044727 are you ZzJ1CpIceE0-00168-00044728-00044846 no ZzJ1CpIceE0-00169-00044847-00045190 what a joke dude what a joke ZzJ1CpIceE0-00170-00045191-00045383 i mean i've just been getting drained ZzJ1CpIceE0-00171-00045384-00045646 for everything i got recently it's ZzJ1CpIceE0-00172-00045647-00045911 actually so bad ZzJ1CpIceE0-00173-00045912-00046630 i i really can't believe how bad ZzJ1CpIceE0-00174-00046631-00046862 whatever maybe uh maybe this one maybe ZzJ1CpIceE0-00175-00046863-00047158 the blue symbol is you know the one that ZzJ1CpIceE0-00176-00047159-00047295 does something ZzJ1CpIceE0-00177-00047296-00047455 i thought that book bonus was gonna be ZzJ1CpIceE0-00178-00047456-00047711 the one to do it ZzJ1CpIceE0-00179-00047712-00048007 when it quad dropped the first spin yeah ZzJ1CpIceE0-00180-00048008-00048239 it's kind of hard to not feel like it's ZzJ1CpIceE0-00181-00048240-00048390 about to do something ZzJ1CpIceE0-00182-00048391-00048646 then it just spits in your mouth ZzJ1CpIceE0-00183-00048647-00049207 need to double drop those first two ZzJ1CpIceE0-00184-00049208-00049862 ain't it ZzJ1CpIceE0-00185-00049863-00050055 i don't even know if this is our last ZzJ1CpIceE0-00186-00050056-00050311 buy i'm gonna do two more i ZzJ1CpIceE0-00187-00050312-00050527 i'm pretty sure this is our last buy ZzJ1CpIceE0-00188-00050528-00050743 right here ZzJ1CpIceE0-00189-00050744-00050862 i mean ZzJ1CpIceE0-00190-00050863-00051199 like we had ZzJ1CpIceE0-00191-00051200-00051535 i don't know there's just no way ZzJ1CpIceE0-00192-00051536-00051726 that ZzJ1CpIceE0-00193-00051727-00051911 like out of all these buys like there's ZzJ1CpIceE0-00194-00051912-00052487 no way that we just got back uh ZzJ1CpIceE0-00195-00052488-00052615 sorry i also get something else at the ZzJ1CpIceE0-00196-00052616-00052823 same time um like if i have to do ZzJ1CpIceE0-00197-00052824-00052950 another buy there's no way we only got ZzJ1CpIceE0-00198-00052951-00053126 1700 back out of ZzJ1CpIceE0-00199-00053127-00053350 five buys ZzJ1CpIceE0-00200-00053351-00053559 so i'm pretty sure this is our last buy ZzJ1CpIceE0-00201-00053560-00053726 and if it isn't then well i didn't do ZzJ1CpIceE0-00202-00053727-00053999 what i planned but i don't care ZzJ1CpIceE0-00203-00054000-00054247 at this point this was just a complete ZzJ1CpIceE0-00204-00054248-00054479 drain of money bro oh my god i should ZzJ1CpIceE0-00205-00054479-00054623 just went somewhere else and done a 20k ZzJ1CpIceE0-00206-00054624-00054711 buy ZzJ1CpIceE0-00207-00054712-00055703 and like wow ZzJ1CpIceE0-00208-00055704-00055863 all right i don't think we got a single ZzJ1CpIceE0-00209-00055864-00056082 profit by this video ZzJ1CpIceE0-00210-00056083-00056279 um ZzJ1CpIceE0-00211-00056279-00056526 might as well just do a 6k i mean like ZzJ1CpIceE0-00212-00056527-00057054 whatever right ZzJ1CpIceE0-00213-00057055-00058647 haven't had this symbol yet ZzJ1CpIceE0-00214-00058648-00058863 oh god ZzJ1CpIceE0-00215-00058864-00059238 this is where it turns ZzJ1CpIceE0-00216-00059239-00060399 yeah didn't you notice it dropped there ZzJ1CpIceE0-00217-00060400-00060879 the gap again dude like every bonus ZzJ1CpIceE0-00218-00060879-00061399 that gap is just impossible ZzJ1CpIceE0-00219-00061400-00062550 wow really just not even oh ZzJ1CpIceE0-00220-00062551-00062711 i don't even know i don't i don't really ZzJ1CpIceE0-00221-00062712-00062950 know what i'm thinking i'm ZzJ1CpIceE0-00222-00062951-00063247 just like lost right now absolutely just ZzJ1CpIceE0-00223-00063248-00063550 like ZzJ1CpIceE0-00224-00063551-00064006 it's just so bad guys ZzJ1CpIceE0-00225-00064007-00064326 like i like the slot so much too ZzJ1CpIceE0-00226-00064327-00064679 and then anytime i do it ZzJ1CpIceE0-00227-00064679-00064879 it is just absolutely horrible that ZzJ1CpIceE0-00228-00064879-00065135 could have been a good hit but ZzJ1CpIceE0-00229-00065136-00065882 but it wasn't ZzJ1CpIceE0-00230-00065883-00066047 well ZzJ1CpIceE0-00231-00066048-00066223 all right that is it for the video full ZzJ1CpIceE0-00232-00066224-00066415 26k loss ZzJ1CpIceE0-00233-00066416-00066721 yeah i'll see you guys tomorrow later ZzJ1CpIceE0-00234-00066722-00067729 [Music] ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00000-00000000-00000077 foreign ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00002-00003157-00003409 foreign foreign ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00003-00003410-00005951 [Music] ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00004-00005952-00006339 foreign ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00006-00012300-00012752 foreign ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00007-00012753-00015551 [Music] ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00008-00015552-00015685 foreign ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00010-00020459-00020771 foreign ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00012-00025098-00025552 foreign ZAAZgkBNGsQ-00013-00025553-00025925 [Music] ZBX1FEmrkZc-00000-00000093-00000168 [Applause] ZBX1FEmrkZc-00001-00000169-00000461 [Music] ZBX1FEmrkZc-00002-00000462-00000535 [Applause] ZBX1FEmrkZc-00003-00000536-00000785 [Music] ZBX1FEmrkZc-00004-00000786-00000903 [Applause] ZBX1FEmrkZc-00005-00000905-00001283 [Music] ZBX1FEmrkZc-00006-00001284-00001657 [Applause] ZBX1FEmrkZc-00007-00001657-00002447 [Music] ZBX1FEmrkZc-00008-00002448-00002679 is never exhausting ZBX1FEmrkZc-00009-00002680-00003173 if you cannot stop it ZBX1FEmrkZc-00011-00007079-00007288 you ZD3OIyeS9rA-00000-00000053-00000451 shinjang Weger shine Jang si SM GNC ZD3OIyeS9rA-00001-00000452-00000767 ginge a Chinese shin dong-bin yang Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00002-00000768-00000974 Jang formerly romanized as Sinkiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00003-00000975-00001151 officially the Shin Jang Uighur ZD3OIyeS9rA-00004-00001152-00001433 autonomous region xu AR is a provincial ZD3OIyeS9rA-00005-00001434-00001643 level autonomous region of China in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00006-00001644-00001877 northwest of the country it is the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00007-00001878-00002102 largest Chinese administrative division ZD3OIyeS9rA-00008-00002103-00002240 in the eighth largest country ZD3OIyeS9rA-00009-00002241-00002432 subdivision in the world spanning over ZD3OIyeS9rA-00010-00002433-00002783 1.6 million square kilometers 640 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00011-00002784-00003076 thousand square miles Shin Jang contains ZD3OIyeS9rA-00012-00003077-00003272 the disputed territory of Aksai Chin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00013-00003272-00003467 which is administered by China and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00014-00003468-00003761 claimed by India Shin Jang borders the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00015-00003761-00003965 countries of Mongolia Russia Kazakhstan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00016-00003965-00004297 Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Afghanistan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00017-00004298-00004634 Pakistan and India the rugged Karakoram ZD3OIyeS9rA-00018-00004635-00004868 Kunlun and tian shan mountain ranges ZD3OIyeS9rA-00019-00004869-00005078 occupy much of Shin Zhang's borders as ZD3OIyeS9rA-00020-00005079-00005290 well as its western and southern regions ZD3OIyeS9rA-00021-00005291-00005606 Shin Jung also borders to bed Autonomous ZD3OIyeS9rA-00022-00005607-00005797 Region and the provinces of Gansu and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00023-00005798-00006068 Qinghai the most well known route of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00024-00006069-00006254 historical Silk Road ran through the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00025-00006255-00006403 territory from the east to its ZD3OIyeS9rA-00026-00006404-00006659 northwestern border in recent decades ZD3OIyeS9rA-00027-00006659-00006905 abundant oil and mineral reserves have ZD3OIyeS9rA-00028-00006906-00007064 been found in Shin Jang and it is ZD3OIyeS9rA-00029-00007065-00007253 currently China's largest natural gas ZD3OIyeS9rA-00030-00007254-00007550 producing region it is home to a number ZD3OIyeS9rA-00031-00007551-00007810 of ethnic groups including the Weger Han ZD3OIyeS9rA-00032-00007811-00008141 Kazakhs way Tajiks Kyrgyz Mongols and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00033-00008142-00008417 Russians more than a dozen autonomous ZD3OIyeS9rA-00034-00008418-00008624 prefectures and counties for minorities ZD3OIyeS9rA-00035-00008625-00008903 are in Shin Jang older english-language ZD3OIyeS9rA-00036-00008904-00009092 reference works often refer to the area ZD3OIyeS9rA-00037-00009093-00009389 as Chinese Turkestan Shin Jang is ZD3OIyeS9rA-00038-00009390-00009599 divided into the dzungarian basin in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00039-00009600-00009778 north and the Terim basin in the south ZD3OIyeS9rA-00040-00009779-00010046 by a mountain range only about nine ZD3OIyeS9rA-00041-00010047-00010264 point seven percent of Shin Jiang's land ZD3OIyeS9rA-00042-00010265-00010499 area is fit for human habitation with a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00043-00010500-00010796 documented history of at least 2,500 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00044-00010797-00011017 years a succession of people and empires ZD3OIyeS9rA-00045-00011018-00011242 have vied for control over all or parts ZD3OIyeS9rA-00046-00011243-00011510 of this territory the territory came ZD3OIyeS9rA-00047-00011511-00011699 under the rule of the Qing Dynasty in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00048-00011700-00011876 the 18th century which was later ZD3OIyeS9rA-00049-00011877-00012049 replaced by the Republic of China ZD3OIyeS9rA-00050-00012050-00012410 government since 1949 it has been part ZD3OIyeS9rA-00051-00012411-00012566 of the People's Republic of China ZD3OIyeS9rA-00052-00012567-00012931 following the Chinese Civil War in 1954 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00053-00012932-00013111 Shin Jang Bing Tuan was set up to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00054-00013112-00013294 strengthen the border defense against ZD3OIyeS9rA-00055-00013295-00013409 the Soviet Union ZD3OIyeS9rA-00056-00013410-00013781 also promote the local economy in 1955 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00057-00013782-00013994 shinjang was turned into an autonomous ZD3OIyeS9rA-00058-00013994-00014237 region from a province in the last ZD3OIyeS9rA-00059-00014238-00014450 decades the separatist conflict and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00060-00014451-00014663 radical Islam influence has plagued the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00061-00014663-00014866 region with occasional terrorist attacks ZD3OIyeS9rA-00062-00014868-00015062 and clashes between separatist and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00063-00015063-00015505 government forces ZD3OIyeS9rA-00064-00015506-00015954 topic names ZD3OIyeS9rA-00065-00015955-00016197 under the Han Dynasty Shin Jang was ZD3OIyeS9rA-00066-00016197-00016509 known as X I Y Yu Shi Yu meaning western ZD3OIyeS9rA-00067-00016510-00016836 regions between the second century BCE ZD3OIyeS9rA-00068-00016837-00017052 and 2nd century CE II the Han Dynasty ZD3OIyeS9rA-00069-00017053-00017268 established the Protectorate of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00070-00017269-00017517 western regions or X iyu Protectorate ZD3OIyeS9rA-00071-00017518-00017754 Shi Udo who Fuu in an effort to secure ZD3OIyeS9rA-00072-00017755-00017918 the profitable routes of the Silk Road ZD3OIyeS9rA-00073-00017919-00018186 the western regions during the Tang era ZD3OIyeS9rA-00074-00018187-00018426 were known as she she she she refers to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00075-00018427-00018639 the Gobi Desert while she refers to the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00076-00018640-00018900 West the Tang Dynasty had established ZD3OIyeS9rA-00077-00018901-00019119 the Protectorate general to pacify the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00078-00019120-00019347 West or angsty Protectorate and she doe ZD3OIyeS9rA-00079-00019348-00019616 who Fuu in 640 to control the region ZD3OIyeS9rA-00080-00019617-00019881 during the Ching dynasty the northern ZD3OIyeS9rA-00081-00019882-00020100 part of Xinjiang Hungaria was known as ZD3OIyeS9rA-00082-00020101-00020388 Sun Bou Sun the hunger region and the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00083-00020389-00020550 southern Turan basin was known as ZD3OIyeS9rA-00084-00020551-00020859 huijiang Wade Muslim frontier before ZD3OIyeS9rA-00085-00020860-00021054 both regions were merged and became the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00086-00021055-00021408 region of X I Y you Shin Jang later ZD3OIyeS9rA-00087-00021409-00021717 simplified us Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00088-00021718-00021963 the general region of Xinjiang has been ZD3OIyeS9rA-00089-00021964-00022152 known by many names in earlier times ZD3OIyeS9rA-00090-00022153-00022508 including western regions codon coat a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00091-00022509-00022733 Chinese tartar II height artery East ZD3OIyeS9rA-00092-00022734-00022953 jaggedy it was eastern part of chagatai ZD3OIyeS9rA-00093-00022954-00023267 khanate mogila ston land of the mongols ZD3OIyeS9rA-00094-00023268-00023597 Kashgari ax alte char the six cities of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00095-00023598-00023886 the trim little baqara and sir india due ZD3OIyeS9rA-00096-00023887-00024099 to indian cultural influence the current ZD3OIyeS9rA-00097-00024100-00024450 name Shindong which literally means new ZD3OIyeS9rA-00098-00024451-00024830 frontier or new borderland was given ZD3OIyeS9rA-00099-00024831-00024950 during the Ching dynasty ZD3OIyeS9rA-00100-00024951-00025194 according to Chinese statesman zuo ZD3OIyeS9rA-00101-00025195-00025406 zongtang report to the Emperor of Ching ZD3OIyeS9rA-00102-00025407-00025664 Shin Jung means an old land newly ZD3OIyeS9rA-00103-00025666-00025952 returned GU to Shin GU a or the new old ZD3OIyeS9rA-00104-00025953-00026195 land the term was also given to other ZD3OIyeS9rA-00105-00026197-00026412 similar areas for instance present-day ZD3OIyeS9rA-00106-00026413-00026682 Jin Xuan County was known as Jin chuan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00107-00026683-00026979 Shin Jang in the same manner present-day ZD3OIyeS9rA-00108-00026980-00027239 Shin Jang was known as X I Y u Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00109-00027241-00027552 Chinese GU Shin Jung literally western ZD3OIyeS9rA-00110-00027552-00027861 regions new frontier and Gansu Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00111-00027862-00028187 Chinese gongsu Shin Jang literally Gansu ZD3OIyeS9rA-00112-00028188-00028485 provinces new frontier especially for ZD3OIyeS9rA-00113-00028486-00028692 present-day Eastern Shin Jang the name ZD3OIyeS9rA-00114-00028693-00029025 East Turkestan was created by Russian ZD3OIyeS9rA-00115-00029026-00029217 psychologist hyacinth to replace the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00116-00029218-00029639 term Chinese Turkestan in 1829 East ZD3OIyeS9rA-00117-00029640-00029933 Turkestan was used traditionally to only ZD3OIyeS9rA-00118-00029934-00030150 refer to the trim Basin in the south as ZD3OIyeS9rA-00119-00030151-00030360 modern Shin Jung area with dzungaria ZD3OIyeS9rA-00120-00030361-00030732 being excluded in 1955 Shin Jung ZD3OIyeS9rA-00121-00030733-00030948 province was renamed Shin Jang Uighur ZD3OIyeS9rA-00122-00030949-00031193 autonomous region the name that was ZD3OIyeS9rA-00123-00031194-00031458 originally proposed was simply Shin Jung ZD3OIyeS9rA-00124-00031458-00031793 Autonomous Region say fit in as easy the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00125-00031794-00031998 first chairman of Shin Jang registered ZD3OIyeS9rA-00126-00031999-00032177 his strong objections to the proposed ZD3OIyeS9rA-00127-00032178-00032374 name with Mao Zedong arguing that ZD3OIyeS9rA-00128-00032375-00032633 autonomy is not given to mountains and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00129-00032634-00032874 rivers it is given to particular ZD3OIyeS9rA-00130-00032875-00033140 nationalities as a result the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00131-00033141-00033308 administrative region would be named ZD3OIyeS9rA-00132-00033309-00033737 Shin Jung Uighur autonomous region ZD3OIyeS9rA-00133-00033738-00033919 you ZD3OIyeS9rA-00134-00033920-00034433 topic description ZD3OIyeS9rA-00135-00034434-00034656 Shindong consists of two main ZD3OIyeS9rA-00136-00034657-00034851 geographically historically and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00137-00034852-00035022 ethnically distinct regions with ZD3OIyeS9rA-00138-00035023-00035232 different historical names hungarian ZD3OIyeS9rA-00139-00035233-00035403 north of the Tianjin Mountains and the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00140-00035404-00035586 Turin basin south of the Tianjin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00141-00035587-00035790 mountains before Ching china unified ZD3OIyeS9rA-00142-00035791-00035967 them into one political entity called ZD3OIyeS9rA-00143-00035968-00036333 Xinjiang province in 1884 at the time of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00144-00036334-00036666 the Qin conquest in 1759 Hungaria was ZD3OIyeS9rA-00145-00036667-00036879 inhabited by step' dwelling nomadic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00146-00036880-00037065 Tibetan Buddhists dzungar people while ZD3OIyeS9rA-00147-00037066-00037230 the Terim basin was inhabited by ZD3OIyeS9rA-00148-00037231-00037461 sedentary Oasis dwelling turkic-speaking ZD3OIyeS9rA-00149-00037462-00037713 Muslim farmers now known as the Weger ZD3OIyeS9rA-00150-00037714-00037935 people they were governed separately ZD3OIyeS9rA-00151-00037936-00038256 until 1884 the native Weger name for the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00152-00038257-00038550 two rim Basin is alta Shar the Ching ZD3OIyeS9rA-00153-00038551-00038703 dynasty was well aware of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00154-00038704-00038889 differences between the former buddhist ZD3OIyeS9rA-00155-00038890-00039072 mongol area to the north of the tian ZD3OIyeS9rA-00156-00039073-00039306 shan and the Turkic Muslim area south of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00157-00039307-00039507 the Tian Shan and ruled them in separate ZD3OIyeS9rA-00158-00039508-00039759 administrative units at first however ZD3OIyeS9rA-00159-00039760-00040008 qing people began to think of both areas ZD3OIyeS9rA-00160-00040009-00040197 as part of one distinct region called ZD3OIyeS9rA-00161-00040198-00040515 shinjang the very concept of Xinjiang as ZD3OIyeS9rA-00162-00040516-00040728 one distinct geographic identity was ZD3OIyeS9rA-00163-00040729-00040878 created by the Ching and it was ZD3OIyeS9rA-00164-00040879-00041019 originally not the native inhabitants ZD3OIyeS9rA-00165-00041020-00041172 who viewed it that way ZD3OIyeS9rA-00166-00041173-00041346 but rather it was the Chinese who held ZD3OIyeS9rA-00167-00041347-00041571 that point of view during the Qing rule ZD3OIyeS9rA-00168-00041572-00041934 no sense of regional identity was held ZD3OIyeS9rA-00169-00041935-00042180 by ordinary Shin Jung people rather Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00170-00042181-00042381 Jung's distinct identity was given to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00171-00042382-00042552 the region by the chain since it had ZD3OIyeS9rA-00172-00042553-00042783 distinct geography history and culture ZD3OIyeS9rA-00173-00042784-00042987 while at the same time it was created by ZD3OIyeS9rA-00174-00042988-00043227 the Chinese multicultural settled by Han ZD3OIyeS9rA-00175-00043228-00043437 and Wei and separated from Central Asia ZD3OIyeS9rA-00176-00043438-00043644 for over a century and a half in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00177-00043645-00043872 late 19th century it was still being ZD3OIyeS9rA-00178-00043873-00044049 proposed by some people that two ZD3OIyeS9rA-00179-00044050-00044208 separate parts be created out of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00180-00044209-00044439 Xinjiang the area north of the Tianjin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00181-00044440-00044628 and the area south of the Tianjin while ZD3OIyeS9rA-00182-00044629-00044805 it was being argued over whether to turn ZD3OIyeS9rA-00183-00044806-00045030 Shin Jang into a province Shin Jung is a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00184-00045031-00045288 large sparsely populated area spanning ZD3OIyeS9rA-00185-00045289-00045549 over 1.6 million square kilometres ZD3OIyeS9rA-00186-00045550-00045774 comparable in size to Iran which takes ZD3OIyeS9rA-00187-00045775-00045948 up about one-sixth of the country's ZD3OIyeS9rA-00188-00045949-00046233 territory Shin Jang borders the Tibet ZD3OIyeS9rA-00189-00046234-00046422 Autonomous Region in India's leh ZD3OIyeS9rA-00190-00046423-00046617 district to the south and Qinghai and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00191-00046618-00046803 Gansu provinces to the southeast ZD3OIyeS9rA-00192-00046804-00047028 mongolia to the east Russia to the north ZD3OIyeS9rA-00193-00047029-00047309 and kazakhstan kyrgyzstan tajikistan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00194-00047310-00047580 afghanistan pakistan and india to the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00195-00047581-00047679 west ZD3OIyeS9rA-00196-00047680-00047907 the east-west chain of the Tian Shan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00197-00047908-00048114 separate dzungaria in the north from the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00198-00048115-00048411 Turin basin in the south hungaria is a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00199-00048412-00048633 dry steppe and the trim basin contains ZD3OIyeS9rA-00200-00048634-00048867 the massive Taklamakan desert surrounded ZD3OIyeS9rA-00201-00048868-00049149 by oases in the East is the Turpin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00202-00049150-00049380 depression in the West the Tian Shan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00203-00049381-00049899 split forming the ili River Valley ZD3OIyeS9rA-00204-00049900-00050404 topic history ZD3OIyeS9rA-00205-00050405-00050913 topic early history ZD3OIyeS9rA-00206-00050914-00051183 according to JP Mallory and Victor H ZD3OIyeS9rA-00207-00051184-00051408 mayor the Chinese describe the existence ZD3OIyeS9rA-00208-00051409-00051735 of white people with long hair or the by ZD3OIyeS9rA-00209-00051736-00051936 people in the Shanghai Jing who lived ZD3OIyeS9rA-00210-00051937-00052203 beyond their northwestern border the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00211-00052204-00052365 well-preserved two rim mummies with ZD3OIyeS9rA-00212-00052366-00052575 coccus oeid features often with reddish ZD3OIyeS9rA-00213-00052576-00052761 or blonde hair today displayed at the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00214-00052762-00052974 Arun Chi Museum and dated to the second ZD3OIyeS9rA-00215-00052975-00053163 millennium BC have been found in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00216-00053164-00053441 same area of the Turin Basin various ZD3OIyeS9rA-00217-00053442-00053700 nomadic tribes such as the uz Sokka ZD3OIyeS9rA-00218-00053701-00053886 and was son were probably part of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00219-00053887-00054111 migration of indo-european speakers who ZD3OIyeS9rA-00220-00054112-00054273 were settled in eastern Central Asia ZD3OIyeS9rA-00221-00054274-00054522 possibly as far as Gansu at that time ZD3OIyeS9rA-00222-00054523-00054813 the Ordos culture in northern China east ZD3OIyeS9rA-00223-00054814-00055023 of the uz is another example yet ZD3OIyeS9rA-00224-00055024-00055221 skeletal remains from the Ordos culture ZD3OIyeS9rA-00225-00055222-00055401 found have been predominantly ZD3OIyeS9rA-00226-00055402-00055650 by the time the han dynasty under ZD3OIyeS9rA-00227-00055651-00056082 emperor wu are 141 287 BC wrestled the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00228-00056083-00056298 western regions of the Terim Basin away ZD3OIyeS9rA-00229-00056299-00056499 from its previous overlords the Xiongnu ZD3OIyeS9rA-00230-00056500-00056763 it was inhabited by various peoples such ZD3OIyeS9rA-00231-00056764-00056985 as indo-european Tok Aryans Interphone ZD3OIyeS9rA-00232-00056986-00057237 and Kucha and indo-iranian Sokka peoples ZD3OIyeS9rA-00233-00057238-00057483 centered around kashgar in cotan nomadic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00234-00057484-00057621 cultures such as the UC ZD3OIyeS9rA-00235-00057622-00057813 rewsey are documented in the area of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00236-00057814-00058026 Xinjiang where the first known reference ZD3OIyeS9rA-00237-00058027-00058308 to the uz was made in 645 BC by the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00238-00058309-00058548 Chinese Guanzhong in his work Guan Zi ZD3OIyeS9rA-00239-00058549-00059016 guan's iguanas ASA's 73 to 78 80 to 81 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00240-00059016-00059354 he described the Yu Shi Yu Shi or neo mu ZD3OIyeS9rA-00241-00059355-00059574 XI as a people from the Northwest who ZD3OIyeS9rA-00242-00059575-00059757 supplied Jade to the Chinese from the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00243-00059758-00059979 nearby mountains also known as Yu Shi in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00244-00059979-00060276 Gansu the supply of jade from the Turin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00245-00060277-00060444 Basin from ancient times is well ZD3OIyeS9rA-00246-00060445-00060692 documented archaeologically it is well ZD3OIyeS9rA-00247-00060694-00060915 known that ancient Chinese rulers had a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00248-00060916-00061227 strong attachment to Jade all of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00249-00061228-00061454 Jade items excavated from the tomb of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00250-00061455-00061705 the how of the Shang Dynasty more than ZD3OIyeS9rA-00251-00061707-00062013 750 pieces were from codon in modern ZD3OIyeS9rA-00252-00062014-00062307 Shin Jang as early as the mid 1st ZD3OIyeS9rA-00253-00062308-00062610 millennium BC the uz engaged in the Jade ZD3OIyeS9rA-00254-00062611-00062847 trade of which the major consumers were ZD3OIyeS9rA-00255-00062848-00063187 the rulers of agricultural China ZD3OIyeS9rA-00256-00063188-00063429 traversed by the northern Silk Road the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00257-00063430-00063646 trim and dzungaria regions were known as ZD3OIyeS9rA-00258-00063647-00063916 the western regions it was inhabited by ZD3OIyeS9rA-00259-00063916-00064162 various peoples including indo-european ZD3OIyeS9rA-00260-00064163-00064360 toq Aryans Interphone and Kucha and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00261-00064361-00064564 indo-iranian Sokka people centered ZD3OIyeS9rA-00262-00064565-00064842 around kashgar in codon at the beginning ZD3OIyeS9rA-00263-00064844-00065272 of the Han Dynasty 206 BC ad 220 the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00264-00065273-00065464 region was subservient to the Xiongnu ZD3OIyeS9rA-00265-00065465-00065674 a powerful nomadic people based in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00266-00065675-00065992 modern Mongolia in the second century BC ZD3OIyeS9rA-00267-00065993-00066220 the Han Dynasty made preparations for ZD3OIyeS9rA-00268-00066221-00066406 war against Zhang nu when Emperor Wu of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00269-00066407-00066637 Han dispatched the Explorer gyeongcheon ZD3OIyeS9rA-00270-00066638-00066835 to explore the mysterious kingdoms to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00271-00066836-00067000 the west and to form an alliance with ZD3OIyeS9rA-00272-00067001-00067183 the uz people in order to combat the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00273-00067184-00067231 Xiongnu ZD3OIyeS9rA-00274-00067232-00067513 as a result of these battles the Chinese ZD3OIyeS9rA-00275-00067514-00067702 controlled the strategic region from the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00276-00067703-00068008 Ordos and Gansu corridor to lop nor they ZD3OIyeS9rA-00277-00068009-00068218 succeeded in separating the Xiongnu from ZD3OIyeS9rA-00278-00068219-00068404 the Chang people's to the south and also ZD3OIyeS9rA-00279-00068405-00068605 gain direct access to the western ZD3OIyeS9rA-00280-00068606-00068932 regions Han China sent Jang Shi an as an ZD3OIyeS9rA-00281-00068933-00069076 envoy to the states in the region ZD3OIyeS9rA-00282-00069077-00069277 beginning several decades of struggle ZD3OIyeS9rA-00283-00069278-00069499 between the Xiongnu and Han China over ZD3OIyeS9rA-00284-00069500-00069676 dominance of the region eventually ZD3OIyeS9rA-00285-00069677-00070042 ending in Chinese success in 60 BC Han ZD3OIyeS9rA-00286-00070043-00070240 China established the Protectorate of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00287-00070241-00070513 the western regions XI Udo who Fuat woul ZD3OIyeS9rA-00288-00070514-00070762 a rule a near modern LUN tie to oversee ZD3OIyeS9rA-00289-00070763-00070948 the entire region as far west as the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00290-00070949-00071104 premier mountains which would remain ZD3OIyeS9rA-00291-00071105-00071278 under the influence and suzerainty of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00292-00071279-00071466 the Han Dynasty with some interruptions ZD3OIyeS9rA-00293-00071467-00071698 for instance it fell out of their ZD3OIyeS9rA-00294-00071699-00071878 control during the civil war against ZD3OIyeS9rA-00295-00071879-00072322 Wang mang our ad 9 to 23 it was brought ZD3OIyeS9rA-00296-00072323-00072592 back under Han control in 1891 due to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00297-00072593-00072883 the efforts of the general ban Chou the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00298-00072884-00073072 Western Jin dynasty succumbed to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00299-00073073-00073291 successive waves of invasions by nomads ZD3OIyeS9rA-00300-00073292-00073444 from the north at the beginning of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00301-00073445-00073714 4th century the short-lived kingdoms ZD3OIyeS9rA-00302-00073715-00073930 that ruled northwestern China one after ZD3OIyeS9rA-00303-00073931-00074161 the other including former Liang former ZD3OIyeS9rA-00304-00074162-00074395 Qin later Liang and Western Liang all ZD3OIyeS9rA-00305-00074396-00074578 attempted to maintain the protectorate ZD3OIyeS9rA-00306-00074579-00074824 with varying degrees of success after ZD3OIyeS9rA-00307-00074825-00075037 the final reunification of northern ZD3OIyeS9rA-00308-00075038-00075250 china under the northern wei empire its ZD3OIyeS9rA-00309-00075251-00075418 protectorate controlled what is now the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00310-00075419-00075712 southeastern region of Xinjiang local ZD3OIyeS9rA-00311-00075713-00075967 states such as Schewel ution queasy and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00312-00075968-00076168 chiamo controlled the western region ZD3OIyeS9rA-00313-00076169-00076351 while the central region around Turpin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00314-00076352-00076544 was controlled by Gao Chang remnants ZD3OIyeS9rA-00315-00076545-00076751 a state northern Liang that once ruled ZD3OIyeS9rA-00316-00076752-00076955 part of what is now gansu province in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00317-00076956-00077229 northwestern China during the Tang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00318-00077230-00077456 Dynasty a series of expeditions were ZD3OIyeS9rA-00319-00077457-00077636 conducted against the Western turkic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00320-00077637-00077843 khaganate and their vassals the Oasis ZD3OIyeS9rA-00321-00077844-00078107 states of southern Xinjiang campaigns ZD3OIyeS9rA-00322-00078108-00078315 against the Oasis states began under ZD3OIyeS9rA-00323-00078316-00078512 Emperor Taizong with the annexation of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00324-00078513-00078869 GAO chang in 640 the nearby kingdom of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00325-00078870-00079087 Kara Tsar was captured by the Tang in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00326-00079088-00079325 644 and the kingdom of Kucha was ZD3OIyeS9rA-00327-00079326-00079706 conquered in 649 the Tang Dynasty then ZD3OIyeS9rA-00328-00079707-00079904 established the Protectorate general to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00329-00079905-00080141 pacify the west and Shido who foooor ZD3OIyeS9rA-00330-00080142-00080411 angsty protectorate in 640 to control ZD3OIyeS9rA-00331-00080412-00080709 the region during the devastating and XI ZD3OIyeS9rA-00332-00080710-00080873 rebellion which nearly led to the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00333-00080874-00081086 destruction of the Tang Dynasty tibet ZD3OIyeS9rA-00334-00081087-00081285 invaded the tang on a wide front from ZD3OIyeS9rA-00335-00081286-00081563 Shin Jang to Yunnan it occupied the Tang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00336-00081564-00081921 capital of Chang'an in 763 for 16 days ZD3OIyeS9rA-00337-00081922-00082142 and took control of southern Xinjiang by ZD3OIyeS9rA-00338-00082143-00082404 the end of the century at the same time ZD3OIyeS9rA-00339-00082405-00082601 the Weger khaganate took control of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00340-00082602-00082805 northern Xinjiang as well as much of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00341-00082806-00083028 rest of Central Asia including Mongolia ZD3OIyeS9rA-00342-00083029-00083334 as both Tibet and the Weger khaganate ZD3OIyeS9rA-00343-00083335-00083657 declined in the mid-90s and Khanate ZD3OIyeS9rA-00344-00083658-00083853 which was a confederation of turkic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00345-00083854-00084074 tribes such as the carlock's chisels in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00346-00084075-00084278 yang Mis took control of western Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00347-00084279-00084473 Jang in the 10th century in the 11th ZD3OIyeS9rA-00348-00084474-00084743 century meanwhile after the Weger ZD3OIyeS9rA-00349-00084744-00084948 khaganate in mongolia had been smashed ZD3OIyeS9rA-00350-00084949-00085232 by the Kyrgyz in 840 branches of the we ZD3OIyeS9rA-00351-00085233-00085412 Gers established themselves in kocha ZD3OIyeS9rA-00352-00085413-00085631 kara Koga and beshe Pollock near the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00353-00085632-00085821 modern cities of turf in a new room chi ZD3OIyeS9rA-00354-00085822-00086085 this Weger state remained in eastern ZD3OIyeS9rA-00355-00086086-00086303 Shin Jung until the 13th century though ZD3OIyeS9rA-00356-00086304-00086480 it was subject to foreign overlords ZD3OIyeS9rA-00357-00086481-00086723 during that time the kara candids ZD3OIyeS9rA-00358-00086724-00086969 converted to Islam the Weger state in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00359-00086970-00087176 eastern Shin Jang remained manichaean ZD3OIyeS9rA-00360-00087177-00087554 but later converted to Buddhism in 1132 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00361-00087555-00087743 remnants of the liao dynasty from ZD3OIyeS9rA-00362-00087744-00087960 Manchuria entered Xinjiang fleeing the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00363-00087961-00088142 rebellion of their neighbors the urchins ZD3OIyeS9rA-00364-00088143-00088436 they established a new empire the Cara ZD3OIyeS9rA-00365-00088437-00088643 kitai which ruled over both the carrick ZD3OIyeS9rA-00366-00088644-00088835 and it held and Weger held parts of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00367-00088836-00088997 Terim basin for the next century ZD3OIyeS9rA-00368-00088998-00089249 although chitin and Chinese were the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00369-00089250-00089486 primary languages of administration the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00370-00089487-00089703 Empire also administered in Persian and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00371-00089704-00090026 Weger ZD3OIyeS9rA-00372-00090027-00090605 topic Islamization of Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00373-00090606-00090806 the historical area of what is ZD3OIyeS9rA-00374-00090807-00091025 modern-day shinjang consisted of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00375-00091026-00091229 distinct areas of the Terim basin and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00376-00091230-00091433 dzungaria and was originally populated ZD3OIyeS9rA-00377-00091434-00091670 by indo-european tocharian and ironic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00378-00091671-00091856 Sokka peoples who practiced the Buddhist ZD3OIyeS9rA-00379-00091857-00092126 religion the turf and and trim basins ZD3OIyeS9rA-00380-00092127-00092345 were populated by speakers of toke Aryan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00381-00092346-00092651 languages with euro poit mummies found ZD3OIyeS9rA-00382-00092652-00092902 in the region the area was subjected to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00383-00092903-00093107 Islamization at the hands of Turkic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00384-00093108-00093389 Muslims the cultural change was carried ZD3OIyeS9rA-00385-00093390-00093584 out in the 9th and 10th centuries by two ZD3OIyeS9rA-00386-00093585-00093791 different Turkic kingdoms the Buddhist ZD3OIyeS9rA-00387-00093792-00094001 Weger kingdom of kocho and the Muslim ZD3OIyeS9rA-00388-00094002-00094292 Karluk kara Candide connait halfway in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00389-00094293-00094478 the 10th century the Sokka Buddhist ZD3OIyeS9rA-00390-00094479-00094682 kingdom of koden came under attack by ZD3OIyeS9rA-00391-00094683-00094907 the Turkic Muslim Caracalla drooler Musa ZD3OIyeS9rA-00392-00094908-00095081 and in what proved to be a pivotal ZD3OIyeS9rA-00393-00095082-00095297 moment in the Islamization of the Turin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00394-00095298-00095510 basin the care accounted leader use of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00395-00095511-00095815 Qadir Khan conquered cotan around 1006 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00396-00095816-00096116 a mil word described the original Weger ZD3OIyeS9rA-00397-00096117-00096263 as physically ZD3OIyeS9rA-00398-00096264-00096461 giving us an example the images in beza ZD3OIyeS9rA-00399-00096462-00096668 click at temple 9 of the Weger patrons ZD3OIyeS9rA-00400-00096669-00096839 until they began to mix with the two rim ZD3OIyeS9rA-00401-00096840-00097007 basins original eastern iranian ZD3OIyeS9rA-00402-00097008-00097289 inhabitants the modern we girls are now ZD3OIyeS9rA-00403-00097290-00097469 a mixed ethnic group of East Asian ZD3OIyeS9rA-00404-00097470-00097664 and euro poit Caucasian ZD3OIyeS9rA-00405-00097665-00098080 populations ZD3OIyeS9rA-00406-00098081-00098531 topic mangal period ZD3OIyeS9rA-00407-00098532-00098822 after Genghis Khan unified Mongolia and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00408-00098823-00099043 began his advanced West the Weger state ZD3OIyeS9rA-00409-00099044-00099242 in the Turpin new room chi area offered ZD3OIyeS9rA-00410-00099243-00099436 its allegiance to the mongols in 1209 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00411-00099437-00099662 contributing taxes and troops to the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00412-00099663-00099943 mongol imperial effort in return the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00413-00099944-00100136 Weger rulers retained control of their ZD3OIyeS9rA-00414-00100137-00100190 kingdom ZD3OIyeS9rA-00415-00100191-00100436 by contrast genghis khan's mongol empire ZD3OIyeS9rA-00416-00100437-00100699 conquered the car at kitai in 1218 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00417-00100700-00100979 during the era of the Mongol Empire the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00418-00100980-00101149 Yuan Dynasty vied with the chagatai ZD3OIyeS9rA-00419-00101150-00101378 khanate for rule over the area with the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00420-00101379-00101557 latter taking control of most of this ZD3OIyeS9rA-00421-00101558-00101816 region after the breakup of the chagatai ZD3OIyeS9rA-00422-00101817-00102037 khanate into smaller khan dates in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00423-00102038-00102278 mid 14th century the region fractured ZD3OIyeS9rA-00424-00102279-00102457 and was ruled by numerous Persian eyes ZD3OIyeS9rA-00425-00102458-00102685 dongle Khan's simultaneously including ZD3OIyeS9rA-00426-00102686-00102868 the ones of mogila ston with the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00427-00102869-00103052 assistance of the local dougla tamir's ZD3OIyeS9rA-00428-00103053-00103258 Uighur stood later Turpin and cached ZD3OIyeS9rA-00429-00103259-00103540 area these leaders engaged in wars with ZD3OIyeS9rA-00430-00103541-00103703 each other and the team or heads of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00431-00103704-00103903 Trance XA Nia to the west in the or ATS ZD3OIyeS9rA-00432-00103904-00104080 to the east the successor chengetai ZD3OIyeS9rA-00433-00104081-00104341 regime based in Mongolia and in China in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00434-00104342-00104584 the 17th century the dzungars ZD3OIyeS9rA-00435-00104585-00104791 established an empire over much of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00436-00104792-00105085 region the Mongolians Unger was the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00437-00105086-00105272 collective identity of several or at ZD3OIyeS9rA-00438-00105273-00105470 tribes that formed and maintained one of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00439-00105471-00105752 the last nomadic empires the dzungar ZD3OIyeS9rA-00440-00105753-00105908 khan date covered the area called ZD3OIyeS9rA-00441-00105908-00106090 dzungaria and stretched from the west ZD3OIyeS9rA-00442-00106091-00106258 end of the Great Wall of China to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00443-00106259-00106472 present-day Eastern Kazakhstan and from ZD3OIyeS9rA-00444-00106473-00106654 present-day northern Kyrgyzstan to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00445-00106655-00106933 southern Siberia most of this area was ZD3OIyeS9rA-00446-00106934-00107236 only renamed shinjang by the Chinese ZD3OIyeS9rA-00447-00107238-00107477 after the fall of the Zanger Empire it ZD3OIyeS9rA-00448-00107478-00107726 existed from the early 17th century to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00449-00107727-00108058 the mid 18th century the Turkic Muslim ZD3OIyeS9rA-00450-00108059-00108281 sedentary people of the Turan Basin were ZD3OIyeS9rA-00451-00108282-00108503 originally ruled by the jagat icon date ZD3OIyeS9rA-00452-00108504-00108701 while the nomadic Buddhists or at Mongol ZD3OIyeS9rA-00453-00108702-00108883 and dzungaria ruled over the dzungar ZD3OIyeS9rA-00454-00108884-00109163 Khanate the naqshbandi sufi coaches ZD3OIyeS9rA-00455-00109164-00109311 descendants of the islamic prophet ZD3OIyeS9rA-00456-00109313-00109595 muhammad had replaced the Chagga tycoons ZD3OIyeS9rA-00457-00109596-00109772 as the ruling authority of the two rim ZD3OIyeS9rA-00458-00109773-00110069 basin in the early 17th century there ZD3OIyeS9rA-00459-00110070-00110260 was a struggle between two factions of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00460-00110261-00110456 coaches the Ithaca white mountain ZD3OIyeS9rA-00461-00110457-00110653 faction and the iake Black Mountain ZD3OIyeS9rA-00462-00110654-00110941 faction the iake defeated the ephah' key ZD3OIyeS9rA-00463-00110942-00111178 which resulted in the a faq koja ZD3OIyeS9rA-00464-00111179-00111379 inviting the fifth dalai lama the leader ZD3OIyeS9rA-00465-00111380-00111557 of the Tibetans to intervene on his ZD3OIyeS9rA-00466-00111558-00111811 behalf in 1677 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00467-00111813-00112009 the fifth Dalai Lama then called upon ZD3OIyeS9rA-00468-00112010-00112186 his younger Buddhist followers in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00469-00112188-00112325 dzungar Khanate to act on this ZD3OIyeS9rA-00470-00112326-00112589 invitation the dzungar khan date then ZD3OIyeS9rA-00471-00112590-00112808 conquered the to rim basin in 1680 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00472-00112808-00113015 setting up the ephah' Kiko jazz their ZD3OIyeS9rA-00473-00113016-00113333 puppet ruler after converting to Islam ZD3OIyeS9rA-00474-00113333-00113501 the descendants of the previously ZD3OIyeS9rA-00475-00113502-00113681 Buddhist we Gerson turfing failed to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00476-00113682-00113855 retain memory of their ancestral legacy ZD3OIyeS9rA-00477-00113856-00114107 and falsely believed that the infidel ZD3OIyeS9rA-00478-00114108-00114371 kalmyks hungers were the ones who built ZD3OIyeS9rA-00479-00114372-00114859 Buddhist monuments in their area ZD3OIyeS9rA-00480-00114860-00115323 topic Ching dynasty ZD3OIyeS9rA-00481-00115324-00115559 the Turkic Muslims of the turf in and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00482-00115560-00115776 kumal Oasis then submitted to the Ching ZD3OIyeS9rA-00483-00115777-00116007 dynasty of China and asked China to free ZD3OIyeS9rA-00484-00116008-00116217 them from the dzungars the Ching ZD3OIyeS9rA-00485-00116218-00116408 accepted the rulers of Turan and coup ZD3OIyeS9rA-00486-00116409-00116673 Milus Ching vassals the Ching dynasty ZD3OIyeS9rA-00487-00116674-00116885 waged war against the dzungars for ZD3OIyeS9rA-00488-00116886-00117096 decades until finally defeating them and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00489-00117097-00117279 then ching manchu bannermen carried out ZD3OIyeS9rA-00490-00117280-00117485 the dzungar genocide nearly wiping them ZD3OIyeS9rA-00491-00117486-00117659 from existence and depopulating ZD3OIyeS9rA-00492-00117660-00117933 dzungaria the ching then freed the afar ZD3OIyeS9rA-00493-00117933-00118160 koja leader Burhan ud-din and his ZD3OIyeS9rA-00494-00118161-00118323 brother koja Jihan from their ZD3OIyeS9rA-00495-00118324-00118476 imprisonment by the dzungars and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00496-00118477-00118665 appointed them to rule as ching vassals ZD3OIyeS9rA-00497-00118666-00118941 over the Turan Basin the koja brothers ZD3OIyeS9rA-00498-00118942-00119124 decided to renege on this deal and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00499-00119125-00119292 declare themselves as independent ZD3OIyeS9rA-00500-00119293-00119538 leaders of the two rim basin the ching ZD3OIyeS9rA-00501-00119539-00119708 and the turf in leader ammon koja ZD3OIyeS9rA-00502-00119709-00119909 crushed their revolt in china then took ZD3OIyeS9rA-00503-00119910-00120108 full control of both Hungaria and the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00504-00120108-00120485 Terim basin by 1759 the Manchu Qing ZD3OIyeS9rA-00505-00120486-00120723 Dynasty of China gained control over ZD3OIyeS9rA-00506-00120724-00120930 eastern Shin Jang as a result of a long ZD3OIyeS9rA-00507-00120931-00121125 struggle with the dzungars that began in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00508-00121126-00121524 the 17th century in 1755 with the help ZD3OIyeS9rA-00509-00121525-00121733 of the or at noble amour sana the Qing ZD3OIyeS9rA-00510-00121734-00121920 attacked Guha and captured the dzungar ZD3OIyeS9rA-00511-00121921-00122193 Khan after a more sane his request to be ZD3OIyeS9rA-00512-00122194-00122424 declared hungar Khan went unanswered he ZD3OIyeS9rA-00513-00122425-00122673 led a revolt against the chain over the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00514-00122674-00122772 next two years ZD3OIyeS9rA-00515-00122773-00122952 Chang armies destroyed the remnants of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00516-00122953-00123150 the dzungar Khanate and many Han Chinese ZD3OIyeS9rA-00517-00123151-00123383 and Wei moved into the pacified areas ZD3OIyeS9rA-00518-00123384-00123606 the natives Ungar or @ Mongols suffered ZD3OIyeS9rA-00519-00123607-00123798 heavily from the brutal campaigns and a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00520-00123799-00124085 simultaneous smallpox epidemic one ZD3OIyeS9rA-00521-00124086-00124334 writer Wei yuan described the resulting ZD3OIyeS9rA-00522-00124335-00124491 desolation in what is now northern ZD3OIyeS9rA-00523-00124492-00124767 Xinjiang as an empty plain for several ZD3OIyeS9rA-00524-00124768-00125007 thousand Li with no aurat yurt except ZD3OIyeS9rA-00525-00125008-00125274 those surrendered it has been estimated ZD3OIyeS9rA-00526-00125275-00125571 that 80% of the 600 thousand or more ZD3OIyeS9rA-00527-00125572-00125748 dzungars were destroyed by a combination ZD3OIyeS9rA-00528-00125749-00125960 of disease and warfare and it took ZD3OIyeS9rA-00529-00125961-00126183 generations for it to recover han and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00530-00126183-00126333 Wei merchants were initially only ZD3OIyeS9rA-00531-00126333-00126513 allowed to trade in the Turan basin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00532-00126514-00126678 while Han and Wei settlement in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00533-00126679-00126855 Turan Basin was banned until the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00534-00126856-00127116 muhammad youssef koja invasion in 1830 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00535-00127117-00127283 when the Ching rewarded the merchants ZD3OIyeS9rA-00536-00127284-00127460 for fighting off koja by allowing them ZD3OIyeS9rA-00537-00127461-00127545 to settle down ZD3OIyeS9rA-00538-00127546-00127866 Robert Mitchell noted that in 1870 there ZD3OIyeS9rA-00539-00127867-00128070 were many Chinese of all occupations ZD3OIyeS9rA-00540-00128071-00128247 living in dzungaria and they were well ZD3OIyeS9rA-00541-00128248-00128448 settled in the area while in Turkestan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00542-00128449-00128616 to rim basin there were only a few ZD3OIyeS9rA-00543-00128617-00128700 Chinese ZD3OIyeS9rA-00544-00128701-00128861 merchants and soldiers in several ZD3OIyeS9rA-00545-00128863-00129015 Garrison's among the Muslim population ZD3OIyeS9rA-00546-00129016-00129252 after reconquering Xinjiang from the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00547-00129253-00129468 Tajik adventurer jakob egg in the late ZD3OIyeS9rA-00548-00129469-00129761 1870s the Ching dynasty established Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00549-00129763-00130143 Jang new frontier as a province in 1884 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00550-00130144-00130350 formally applying to it the political ZD3OIyeS9rA-00551-00130351-00130518 systems of the rest of China and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00552-00130519-00130713 dropping the old names of zenbu son ZD3OIyeS9rA-00553-00130714-00130961 booze hunger region and huge a Muslim ZD3OIyeS9rA-00554-00130963-00131238 land after Shin Jang was converted into ZD3OIyeS9rA-00555-00131239-00131439 a province by the chain the provincial ZD3OIyeS9rA-00556-00131440-00131637 ization and reconstruction programs ZD3OIyeS9rA-00557-00131638-00131847 initiated by the chain resulted in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00558-00131848-00132021 chinese government helping we Gers ZD3OIyeS9rA-00559-00132022-00132219 migrate from southern Xinjiang to other ZD3OIyeS9rA-00560-00132220-00132408 areas of the province like the area ZD3OIyeS9rA-00561-00132409-00132606 between khatai and the capital which was ZD3OIyeS9rA-00562-00132607-00132840 formerly nearly completely inhabited by ZD3OIyeS9rA-00563-00132841-00133065 Han Chinese and other areas like gloom ZD3OIyeS9rA-00564-00133066-00133359 Chi - Chang - bargah Thai Yili Jane ZD3OIyeS9rA-00565-00133360-00133653 Kirk Kara USU ruler Jane lopped nor and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00566-00133654-00133929 the to rim rivers lower reaches it was ZD3OIyeS9rA-00567-00133930-00134112 during Jing times that we girls were ZD3OIyeS9rA-00568-00134113-00134298 settled throughout all of Shin Jang from ZD3OIyeS9rA-00569-00134299-00134460 their original home cities in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00570-00134461-00134935 Western to rim basin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00571-00134936-00135370 Republic of China ZD3OIyeS9rA-00572-00135371-00135688 in 1912 the Ching dynasty was replaced ZD3OIyeS9rA-00573-00135689-00136000 by the Republic of China yuan da WA the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00574-00136001-00136276 last Ching governor of Xinjiang fled one ZD3OIyeS9rA-00575-00136277-00136488 of his subordinates Yong Zhang Xin took ZD3OIyeS9rA-00576-00136489-00136681 control of the province and exceeded in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00577-00136682-00136873 name to the Republic of China in March ZD3OIyeS9rA-00578-00136874-00137125 of the same year through a balancing of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00579-00137126-00137313 mixed ethnic constituencies Yong ZD3OIyeS9rA-00580-00137314-00137526 maintained control over Shin Jang until ZD3OIyeS9rA-00581-00137527-00137778 his assassination in 1928 after the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00582-00137779-00137959 northern expedition of the Kuomintang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00583-00137960-00138247 the kumal rebellion and other rebellions ZD3OIyeS9rA-00584-00138248-00138453 arose against his successor Jenn Shirin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00585-00138454-00138700 in the early 1930s throughout Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00586-00138701-00138927 involving we Gers other Turkic groups ZD3OIyeS9rA-00587-00138928-00139270 and way Muslim Chinese Jin drafted white ZD3OIyeS9rA-00588-00139271-00139486 Russians to crush the revolt in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00589-00139487-00139815 kashgar region on November 12th 1933 the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00590-00139816-00140016 short-lived self-proclaimed first East ZD3OIyeS9rA-00591-00140017-00140212 Turkestan Republic was declared after ZD3OIyeS9rA-00592-00140213-00140401 some debate over whether the proposed ZD3OIyeS9rA-00593-00140402-00140620 independent state should be called East ZD3OIyeS9rA-00594-00140621-00141027 Turkestan or Uyghur isten the region ZD3OIyeS9rA-00595-00141028-00141271 claimed by the ETR in theory encompassed ZD3OIyeS9rA-00596-00141272-00141550 kashgar code and na qsu prefectures in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00597-00141551-00141801 southwestern Shin Jang the Chinese ZD3OIyeS9rA-00598-00141802-00142096 Muslim Kuomintang 36th division national ZD3OIyeS9rA-00599-00142097-00142329 revolutionary army destroyed the army of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00600-00142330-00142539 the first East Turkestan Republic at the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00601-00142540-00142815 Battle of kashgar 1934 bringing the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00602-00142816-00142989 Republic to an end after the Chinese ZD3OIyeS9rA-00603-00142990-00143218 Muslims executed the two Amir's of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00604-00143219-00143437 republic abdullah buffer and new Rama ZD3OIyeS9rA-00605-00143438-00143743 Jan buffer the Soviet Union invaded the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00606-00143744-00143911 province in the Soviet invasion of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00607-00143912-00144291 Xinjiang in the shinjang war 1937 the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00608-00144292-00144453 entire province was brought under the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00609-00144454-00144676 control of northeast Han warlord Shang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00610-00144677-00144886 Shu Kai who ruled Shin Jang for the next ZD3OIyeS9rA-00611-00144887-00145051 decade with close support from the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00612-00145052-00145251 Soviet Union many of his ethnic and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00613-00145252-00145476 security policies Shang instituted in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00614-00145477-00145756 Shin Jang the Soviet Union maintained a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00615-00145757-00145953 military base in Shin Jang and had ZD3OIyeS9rA-00616-00145954-00146188 several military and economic advisers ZD3OIyeS9rA-00617-00146189-00146461 deployed in the region Shang invited a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00618-00146462-00146676 group of Chinese Communists to Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00619-00146677-00146923 including Mao Zedong's brother Mao Zemin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00620-00146924-00147235 but in 1943 fearing a conspiracy Shang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00621-00147236-00147448 executed them all including Mao's Emin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00622-00147449-00147796 in 1944 then the president and premier ZD3OIyeS9rA-00623-00147797-00148014 of China Chiang kai-shek was informed of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00624-00148015-00148227 shik i's intention of joining the Soviet ZD3OIyeS9rA-00625-00148228-00148440 Union by Soviets decided to shift him ZD3OIyeS9rA-00626-00148441-00148609 out of Shin Jang to Chongqing as the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00627-00148610-00148728 Minister of Agriculture ZD3OIyeS9rA-00628-00148729-00148989 in forest more than one decade of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00629-00148990-00149220 Shang's era had stopped however a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00630-00149221-00149421 short-lived soviet-backed second East ZD3OIyeS9rA-00631-00149422-00149640 Turkestan Republic was established in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00632-00149641-00149913 that year which lasted until 1949 in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00633-00149914-00150069 what is now ili Kazakh Autonomous ZD3OIyeS9rA-00634-00150070-00150243 Prefecture ili ZD3OIyeS9rA-00635-00150244-00150453 tar baguette a and all teh districts in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00636-00150454-00150878 northern Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00637-00150879-00151142 topic modern China People's Republic of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00638-00151143-00151494 China ZD3OIyeS9rA-00639-00151495-00151743 during the ili rebellion the soviet ZD3OIyeS9rA-00640-00151744-00151952 union backed Weger separatists to form ZD3OIyeS9rA-00641-00151953-00152099 the second East Turkestan Republic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00642-00152100-00152400 second ETR in ili region while the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00643-00152401-00152622 majority of Xinjiang was under Republic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00644-00152623-00152907 of China Kuomintang control the people's ZD3OIyeS9rA-00645-00152908-00153113 liberation army entered Shin Jang in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00646-00153114-00153423 1949 and the Kuomintang commander Dao gu ZD3OIyeS9rA-00647-00153424-00153675 a surrendered the province to them five ZD3OIyeS9rA-00648-00153676-00153890 et are leaders who were to negotiate ZD3OIyeS9rA-00649-00153891-00154059 with the Chinese over the et our ZD3OIyeS9rA-00650-00154060-00154362 sovereignty died in an air crash in 1949 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00651-00154363-00154577 in Soviet airspace over the Kazakh ZD3OIyeS9rA-00652-00154578-00154821 Soviet Socialist Republic the autonomous ZD3OIyeS9rA-00653-00154822-00155058 region of the PRC was established on ZD3OIyeS9rA-00654-00155059-00155385 October 1st 1955 replacing the province ZD3OIyeS9rA-00655-00155386-00155777 in 1955 the first modern census in China ZD3OIyeS9rA-00656-00155778-00156069 was taken in 1953 we Gers were counted ZD3OIyeS9rA-00657-00156070-00156365 as 73% of Shin Jung's total population ZD3OIyeS9rA-00658-00156366-00156704 of 5.11 million although Shin Jung as a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00659-00156705-00156918 whole is designated as a Weger ZD3OIyeS9rA-00660-00156919-00157284 autonomous region since 1954 more than ZD3OIyeS9rA-00661-00157285-00157521 50% of Shin johns land area are ZD3OIyeS9rA-00662-00157522-00157800 designated autonomous areas 413 native ZD3OIyeS9rA-00663-00157801-00158112 nan Weger groups the modern Weger people ZD3OIyeS9rA-00664-00158113-00158365 experienced ethnogenesis especially from ZD3OIyeS9rA-00665-00158366-00158687 1955 when the PRC officially recognized ZD3OIyeS9rA-00666-00158688-00158927 that ethnic category in opposition to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00667-00158928-00159099 the Hun a formerly separately ZD3OIyeS9rA-00668-00159100-00159345 self-identified Oasis people's southern ZD3OIyeS9rA-00669-00159346-00159534 Xinjiang is home to the majority of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00670-00159535-00159728 Weger population about nine million ZD3OIyeS9rA-00671-00159729-00160013 people the majority of the hunt 90 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00672-00160014-00160233 percent population of Xinjiang which is ZD3OIyeS9rA-00673-00160234-00160426 mostly urban are in northern Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00674-00160427-00160710 this situation has been followed by an ZD3OIyeS9rA-00675-00160711-00160913 imbalance in the economic situation ZD3OIyeS9rA-00676-00160914-00161114 between the two ethnic groups since the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00677-00161115-00161349 northern Junger basin hungaria has been ZD3OIyeS9rA-00678-00161350-00161507 more developed than the Uyghur South ZD3OIyeS9rA-00679-00161508-00161777 since China's economic reform from the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00680-00161778-00162060 late 1970s has exacerbated uneven ZD3OIyeS9rA-00681-00162061-00162254 regional development more.we Gers have ZD3OIyeS9rA-00682-00162255-00162459 migrated to Shin Jung cities and some ZD3OIyeS9rA-00683-00162460-00162660 Hong's have also migrated to Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00684-00162661-00162875 for independent economic advancement ZD3OIyeS9rA-00685-00162876-00163122 increased ethnic contact and labor ZD3OIyeS9rA-00686-00163123-00163337 competition coincided with Weger ZD3OIyeS9rA-00687-00163338-00163601 separatist terrorism from the 1990s such ZD3OIyeS9rA-00688-00163602-00163881 as the 1997 new room to bus bombings in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00689-00163882-00164211 2000 we Gers comprised 45% of Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00690-00164212-00164460 Jiang's population but only 13% of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00691-00164461-00164721 varoom cheese population despite having ZD3OIyeS9rA-00692-00164722-00164874 9% of Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00693-00164875-00165120 population who room chi accounts for 25% ZD3OIyeS9rA-00694-00165121-00165414 of the region's GDP and many rural wee ZD3OIyeS9rA-00695-00165415-00165582 girls have been migrating to that city ZD3OIyeS9rA-00696-00165583-00165774 to seek work in the dominant light heavy ZD3OIyeS9rA-00697-00165775-00165963 and petrochemical industries ZD3OIyeS9rA-00698-00165964-00166242 han Xin Shin Jang are demographically ZD3OIyeS9rA-00699-00166243-00166464 older better educated and work in higher ZD3OIyeS9rA-00700-00166465-00166620 paying professions than their weaker ZD3OIyeS9rA-00701-00166621-00166872 cohabitants Hong's are more likely to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00702-00166873-00167058 cite business reasons for moving to a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00703-00167059-00167256 room chi while some we Gers also cite ZD3OIyeS9rA-00704-00167257-00167415 trouble with the law back home and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00705-00167416-00167595 family reasons for their moving to room ZD3OIyeS9rA-00706-00167596-00167850 chi Hans and we Gers are equally ZD3OIyeS9rA-00707-00167851-00168042 represented in a room cheese floating ZD3OIyeS9rA-00708-00168043-00168341 population that works mostly in commerce ZD3OIyeS9rA-00709-00168342-00168543 self-segregation within the city as ZD3OIyeS9rA-00710-00168544-00168741 widespread in terms of residential ZD3OIyeS9rA-00711-00168742-00168975 concentration employment relationships ZD3OIyeS9rA-00712-00168976-00169344 and a social norm of endogamy in 2010 we ZD3OIyeS9rA-00713-00169345-00169563 Gers constituted a majority in the trim ZD3OIyeS9rA-00714-00169564-00169794 Basin and a mere plurality in Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00715-00169795-00170013 as a whole Shin Jang has been a focal ZD3OIyeS9rA-00716-00170014-00170166 point of ethnic and other tensions ZD3OIyeS9rA-00717-00170167-00170487 incidents include the 2007 Xinjiang raid ZD3OIyeS9rA-00718-00170488-00170808 afforded 2008 suicide bombing attempt on ZD3OIyeS9rA-00719-00170809-00171006 a China Southern Airlines flight and the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00720-00171007-00171273 2008 shinjang attack which resulted in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00721-00171274-00171498 the deaths of 16 police officers four ZD3OIyeS9rA-00722-00171499-00171675 days before the Beijing Olympics ZD3OIyeS9rA-00723-00171676-00171948 culturally Shin Jung maintains 81 public ZD3OIyeS9rA-00724-00171949-00172206 libraries and 23 museums compared to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00725-00172207-00172482 none of each in 1949 and Shin Jang has ZD3OIyeS9rA-00726-00172483-00172788 98 newspapers in 44 languages up from ZD3OIyeS9rA-00727-00172789-00173136 four newspapers in 1952 according to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00728-00173137-00173328 official statistics the ratios of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00729-00173329-00173595 doctors medical workers medical clinics ZD3OIyeS9rA-00730-00173596-00173808 and hospital beds to people surpassed ZD3OIyeS9rA-00731-00173809-00174009 the national average and immunization ZD3OIyeS9rA-00732-00174010-00174476 rates have reached 85% ZD3OIyeS9rA-00733-00174477-00175046 topic administrative divisions ZD3OIyeS9rA-00734-00175047-00175314 Shin Jung is divided into 13 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00735-00175315-00175500 prefecture-level divisions for ZD3OIyeS9rA-00736-00175501-00175754 prefecture-level cities six prefectures ZD3OIyeS9rA-00737-00175755-00175940 and five autonomous prefectures ZD3OIyeS9rA-00738-00175941-00176153 including the sub provincial autonomous ZD3OIyeS9rA-00739-00176154-00176397 prefecture of ili which in turn has two ZD3OIyeS9rA-00740-00176398-00176565 of the seven prefectures within its ZD3OIyeS9rA-00741-00176566-00176808 jurisdiction for Mongol Kyrgyz Kazakh ZD3OIyeS9rA-00742-00176809-00177063 and way minorities these are then ZD3OIyeS9rA-00743-00177064-00177297 divided into 13 districts 25 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00744-00177298-00177594 county-level cities 62 counties and six ZD3OIyeS9rA-00745-00177595-00177864 autonomous counties ten of the county ZD3OIyeS9rA-00746-00177865-00178035 level cities do not belong to any ZD3OIyeS9rA-00747-00178036-00178263 Prefecture and are de facto administered ZD3OIyeS9rA-00748-00178264-00178413 by the Shin Jung production and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00749-00178414-00178695 construction Corps sub level divisions ZD3OIyeS9rA-00750-00178696-00178818 of the shin Jong Uighur autonomous ZD3OIyeS9rA-00751-00178819-00179073 region is shown in the adjacent picture ZD3OIyeS9rA-00752-00179074-00179500 and described in the table below ZD3OIyeS9rA-00753-00179501-00180083 topic urban areas ZD3OIyeS9rA-00754-00180084-00180531 topic geography and geology ZD3OIyeS9rA-00755-00180532-00180695 you ZD3OIyeS9rA-00756-00180696-00180908 Shin Jung is the largest political ZD3OIyeS9rA-00757-00180909-00181163 subdivision of China it accounts for ZD3OIyeS9rA-00758-00181164-00181327 more than one-sixth of China's total ZD3OIyeS9rA-00759-00181328-00181535 territory and a quarter of its boundary ZD3OIyeS9rA-00760-00181536-00181811 length Shin Jang is mostly covered with ZD3OIyeS9rA-00761-00181812-00182051 uninhabitable deserts and dry grasslands ZD3OIyeS9rA-00762-00182052-00182251 with dotted Oasis at the foot of Tian ZD3OIyeS9rA-00763-00182252-00182450 Shan Kunlun mountains and Altai ZD3OIyeS9rA-00764-00182451-00182756 mountains the inhabitable oasis accounts ZD3OIyeS9rA-00765-00182757-00182938 for nine point seven percent of shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00766-00182939-00183479 Jiang's total area by 2015 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00767-00183480-00184003 topic Mountain systems and basins ZD3OIyeS9rA-00768-00184004-00184250 shinjang is split by the tian shan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00769-00184251-00184506 mountain range ding grita try tag 10 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00770-00184507-00184712 Rita which divides it into two large ZD3OIyeS9rA-00771-00184713-00184952 basins the dzungarian basin in the north ZD3OIyeS9rA-00772-00184953-00185240 and the Terim basin in the south a small ZD3OIyeS9rA-00773-00185241-00185441 v-shaped wedge between these two major ZD3OIyeS9rA-00774-00185442-00185685 basins limited by the Tian Sean's main ZD3OIyeS9rA-00775-00185686-00185871 range in the south and the Bora Horo ZD3OIyeS9rA-00776-00185872-00186065 mountains in the north is the basin of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00777-00186066-00186251 the ili River which flows into ZD3OIyeS9rA-00778-00186252-00186471 kazakhstan slake bal cash an even ZD3OIyeS9rA-00779-00186472-00186662 smaller wedge farther north as the Emin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00780-00186663-00186849 valley ZD3OIyeS9rA-00781-00186850-00187095 other major mountain ranges of Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00782-00187096-00187257 include the Pamir mountains and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00783-00187258-00187478 Karakoram in the southwest the Kunlun ZD3OIyeS9rA-00784-00187479-00187662 mountains in the south along the border ZD3OIyeS9rA-00785-00187663-00187841 with Tibet and the Altai mountains in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00786-00187842-00188106 the Northeast shared with Mongolia the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00787-00188107-00188283 region's highest point is the mountain ZD3OIyeS9rA-00788-00188284-00188688 k2 8611 meters above sea level in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00789-00188689-00188864 Karakoram mountains on the border with ZD3OIyeS9rA-00790-00188865-00189171 Pakistan much of the trim Basin is ZD3OIyeS9rA-00791-00189172-00189438 dominated by the Taklamakan desert north ZD3OIyeS9rA-00792-00189439-00189618 of it as the turpan depression which ZD3OIyeS9rA-00793-00189619-00189813 contains the lowest point in Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00794-00189814-00190154 and in the entire PRC at 155 metres ZD3OIyeS9rA-00795-00190155-00190485 below sea level the dzungarian Basin is ZD3OIyeS9rA-00796-00190486-00190683 slightly cooler and receives somewhat ZD3OIyeS9rA-00797-00190684-00190851 more precipitation than the two rim ZD3OIyeS9rA-00798-00190852-00191187 basin nonetheless it too has a large GU ZD3OIyeS9rA-00799-00191188-00191382 Bunton get desert also known as Zeus ZD3OIyeS9rA-00800-00191383-00191712 atonal Eason in its centre the tian shan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00801-00191713-00191915 mountain range marks the shin jankura ZD3OIyeS9rA-00802-00191916-00192285 stone border at the torre Girt past 3752 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00803-00192286-00192660 meters the Karakoram highway kkh links ZD3OIyeS9rA-00804-00192661-00192924 Islamabad Pakistan with kashgar over the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00805-00192925-00193295 kun direct pass ZD3OIyeS9rA-00806-00193296-00193794 topic geology ZD3OIyeS9rA-00807-00193795-00194070 most of shinjang is young geologically ZD3OIyeS9rA-00808-00194071-00194252 having been formed from the collision of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00809-00194253-00194429 the Indian plate with the Eurasian Plate ZD3OIyeS9rA-00810-00194430-00194675 forming the Tian Shan Kunlun Shan and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00811-00194676-00194943 premier mountain ranges consequently ZD3OIyeS9rA-00812-00194944-00195162 Shin Jang is a major earthquake zone ZD3OIyeS9rA-00813-00195163-00195413 older geological formations occur ZD3OIyeS9rA-00814-00195414-00195606 principally in the far north where the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00815-00195607-00195822 Junger block is geologically part of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00816-00195823-00196035 Kazakhstan and in the east which is part ZD3OIyeS9rA-00817-00196036-00196427 of the North China cratan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00818-00196428-00196825 topic center of the continent ZD3OIyeS9rA-00819-00196826-00196961 you ZD3OIyeS9rA-00820-00196962-00197210 Shin Jung has within its borders in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00821-00197211-00197447 Zeus atonally sin desert the location in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00822-00197448-00197648 Eurasia that is farthest from the sea in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00823-00197649-00197843 any direction a continental pole of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00824-00197844-00198229 inaccessibility 46 degrees 16.8 and 86 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00825-00198230-00198749 degrees 40.2 II it is at least 1645 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00826-00198750-00198959 miles two thousand six hundred forty ZD3OIyeS9rA-00827-00198960-00199154 seven kilometers straight line distance ZD3OIyeS9rA-00828-00199155-00199553 from any coastline in 1992 local ZD3OIyeS9rA-00829-00199554-00199742 geographers determined another point ZD3OIyeS9rA-00830-00199743-00200015 within Shin Jung 43 degrees 40 minutes ZD3OIyeS9rA-00831-00200016-00200315 52 seconds North 87 degrees 19 minutes ZD3OIyeS9rA-00832-00200316-00200585 52 seconds east in the southwestern ZD3OIyeS9rA-00833-00200586-00200774 suburbs of a room chi who room chi ZD3OIyeS9rA-00834-00200775-00201079 county to be the center point of asia a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00835-00201080-00201332 monument to this effect was then erected ZD3OIyeS9rA-00836-00201333-00201500 there and the site has become a local ZD3OIyeS9rA-00837-00201501-00201865 tourist attraction ZD3OIyeS9rA-00838-00201866-00202388 topic rivers and lakes ZD3OIyeS9rA-00839-00202389-00202580 due to the hot summer and low ZD3OIyeS9rA-00840-00202581-00202811 precipitation most of Xinjiang is in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00841-00202812-00203054 Doric ie its rivers either disappear in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00842-00203055-00203243 the desert or terminate in salt lakes ZD3OIyeS9rA-00843-00203244-00203435 within Shin Jung itself or in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00844-00203436-00203612 neighbouring kazakhstan instead of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00845-00203613-00203843 flowing toward an ocean the only ZD3OIyeS9rA-00846-00203844-00204029 exception is the northernmost part of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00847-00204030-00204194 the region where the ear tsch River ZD3OIyeS9rA-00848-00204195-00204416 originating in the Altai mountains flows ZD3OIyeS9rA-00849-00204417-00204620 via Kazakhstan and Russia toward the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00850-00204621-00204908 Arctic Ocean even then a significant ZD3OIyeS9rA-00851-00204909-00205073 part of this rivers waters has now ZD3OIyeS9rA-00852-00205073-00205280 artificially diverted via the ear tsch ZD3OIyeS9rA-00853-00205281-00205481 caramel room chi canal to the drier ZD3OIyeS9rA-00854-00205482-00205738 areas of southern Hungarian Basin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00855-00205739-00205990 elsewhere most of Shin Zhang's rivers ZD3OIyeS9rA-00856-00205991-00206198 are comparatively short streams fed by ZD3OIyeS9rA-00857-00206198-00206375 the snows of the several ranges of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00858-00206376-00206657 Tian Shan once they enter the populated ZD3OIyeS9rA-00859-00206658-00206848 areas in the mountains foothills their ZD3OIyeS9rA-00860-00206850-00207019 waters are extensively used for ZD3OIyeS9rA-00861-00207021-00207196 irrigation so that the river often ZD3OIyeS9rA-00862-00207198-00207371 disappears in the desert instead of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00863-00207371-00207527 reaching the lake to whose basin it ZD3OIyeS9rA-00864-00207528-00207803 nominally belongs this is the case even ZD3OIyeS9rA-00865-00207804-00208001 with the main river of the trim Basin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00866-00208002-00208171 the trim which has been dammed at a ZD3OIyeS9rA-00867-00208173-00208385 number of locations along its course and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00868-00208386-00208526 whose waters have been completely ZD3OIyeS9rA-00869-00208527-00208700 diverted before they can reach the lop ZD3OIyeS9rA-00870-00208701-00209000 leg in the dzungarian basin a similar ZD3OIyeS9rA-00871-00209001-00209210 situation occurs with most rivers that ZD3OIyeS9rA-00872-00209211-00209494 historically flowed into Lake Manas some ZD3OIyeS9rA-00873-00209496-00209669 of the salt lakes having lost much of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00874-00209669-00209852 their freshwater inflow are now ZD3OIyeS9rA-00875-00209853-00210050 extensively used for the production of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00876-00210051-00210203 mineral salts used eg ZD3OIyeS9rA-00877-00210204-00210394 in the manufacturing of potassium ZD3OIyeS9rA-00878-00210396-00210598 fertilizers this includes the lop lake ZD3OIyeS9rA-00879-00210600-00210967 in the Mondas lake ZD3OIyeS9rA-00880-00210969-00211437 topic time ZD3OIyeS9rA-00881-00211438-00211702 officialy shinjang is on the same time ZD3OIyeS9rA-00882-00211703-00211923 zone as the rest of China Beijing time ZD3OIyeS9rA-00883-00211925-00212091 UTC +8 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00884-00212092-00212338 however being roughly two time zones ZD3OIyeS9rA-00885-00212339-00212479 west of the capital ZD3OIyeS9rA-00886-00212480-00212694 some residents local organization and ZD3OIyeS9rA-00887-00212696-00212875 local government follow another time ZD3OIyeS9rA-00888-00212876-00213094 standard known as Shin Jung time UTC ZD3OIyeS9rA-00889-00213094-00213417 plus six the division follows ethnic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00890-00213419-00213616 lines with Han tending to use Beijing ZD3OIyeS9rA-00891-00213617-00213802 time and we Gers tending to use Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00892-00213803-00213982 Jung time this is seen as a form of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00893-00213983-00214231 resistance to the central government but ZD3OIyeS9rA-00894-00214232-00214419 regardless of preference in which time ZD3OIyeS9rA-00895-00214421-00214621 standard most businesses and schools ZD3OIyeS9rA-00896-00214621-00214821 open in close two hours later than their ZD3OIyeS9rA-00897-00214823-00215330 equivalents in other regions of China ZD3OIyeS9rA-00898-00215331-00215765 topic deserts ZD3OIyeS9rA-00899-00215766-00216106 deserts include gir Bunton get desert ZD3OIyeS9rA-00900-00216107-00216376 also known as zeus atonal Eason ZD3OIyeS9rA-00901-00216377-00216730 Taklamakan desert come tag desert east ZD3OIyeS9rA-00902-00216731-00217098 of Taklamakan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00903-00217098-00217651 topic major cities ZD3OIyeS9rA-00904-00217652-00217917 due to the water situation most of Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00905-00217919-00218128 Jung's population lives within fairly ZD3OIyeS9rA-00906-00218129-00218292 narrow belts that are stretched along ZD3OIyeS9rA-00907-00218294-00218455 the foothills of the region's mountain ZD3OIyeS9rA-00908-00218456-00218677 ranges where irrigated agriculture can ZD3OIyeS9rA-00909-00218678-00218932 be practiced it is in these belts where ZD3OIyeS9rA-00910-00218933-00219119 most of the region's cities are found ZD3OIyeS9rA-00911-00219121-00219756 who room chief Turpin kashgar Kara may ZD3OIyeS9rA-00912-00219757-00220059 Leah she has he ZD3OIyeS9rA-00913-00220060-00220842 Houghton a dish Axew Colin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00914-00220844-00221356 topic climate ZD3OIyeS9rA-00915-00221357-00221646 generally a semi-arid or desert climate ZD3OIyeS9rA-00916-00221648-00221980 köppen BSK or bwk respectively prevails ZD3OIyeS9rA-00917-00221981-00222271 in Xinjiang the entire region is marked ZD3OIyeS9rA-00918-00222271-00222442 by great seasonal differences in ZD3OIyeS9rA-00919-00222442-00222709 temperature and cold winters during the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00920-00222710-00222889 summer the Turpin depression usually ZD3OIyeS9rA-00921-00222890-00223071 records the hottest temperatures ZD3OIyeS9rA-00922-00223073-00223269 nationwide with air temperatures easily ZD3OIyeS9rA-00923-00223271-00223596 exceeding 40 degrees Celsius 104 degrees ZD3OIyeS9rA-00924-00223598-00223864 Fahrenheit in the far north and at the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00925-00223865-00224044 highest mountain elevations however ZD3OIyeS9rA-00926-00224044-00224271 winter temperatures regularly drop below ZD3OIyeS9rA-00927-00224273-00224544 minus 20 degrees Celsius minus 4 degrees ZD3OIyeS9rA-00928-00224546-00224887 Fahrenheit continuous permafrost is ZD3OIyeS9rA-00929-00224888-00225048 typically found in the Tian Shan ZD3OIyeS9rA-00930-00225050-00225373 starting at the elevation of about 3500 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00931-00225373-00225711 to 3,700 meters above sea level ZD3OIyeS9rA-00932-00225712-00225994 discontinuous alpine permafrost usually ZD3OIyeS9rA-00933-00225994-00226417 occurs down to 2,700 to 3300 meters but ZD3OIyeS9rA-00934-00226417-00226579 in certain locations due to the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00935-00226580-00226759 peculiarity of the aspect and the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00936-00226760-00226921 microclimate it can be found at ZD3OIyeS9rA-00937-00226921-00227494 elevations as low as 2,000 meters ZD3OIyeS9rA-00938-00227496-00228046 topic bordering regions ZD3OIyeS9rA-00939-00228048-00228583 topic politics ZD3OIyeS9rA-00940-00228584-00228821 secretaries of the CPC Shin Jung ZD3OIyeS9rA-00941-00228821-00229213 committee 1949 to 1950 to Wang Sheng ZD3OIyeS9rA-00942-00229214-00229807 Wang Jen 1952 to 1967 Wang Yi and Mao ZD3OIyeS9rA-00943-00229808-00230314 Wang and mound 1970 to 1972 long sujin ZD3OIyeS9rA-00944-00230315-00230804 long huge in 1972 to 1978 safer dan is ZD3OIyeS9rA-00945-00230805-00231205 easy siphoning eyes AZ size even easy ZD3OIyeS9rA-00946-00231206-00231812 1978 to 1981 Wang Fung Wong Fung 1981 to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00947-00231813-00232352 1985 Wang Yi and Mao Wang and Mao 1985 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00948-00232353-00232898 to 1994 song Han Lee sang-hun Liang 1994 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00949-00232898-00233357 to 2010 Wang laQuan Wang laQuan 2010 to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00950-00233358-00233450 2016 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00951-00233451-00233828 Jeong Jeong Seon Jung Chung Chien 2016 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00952-00233829-00234071 present Chen Guangzhou Shan Kwan glow ZD3OIyeS9rA-00953-00234071-00234352 chairman of the Shin Jang government ZD3OIyeS9rA-00954-00234353-00234836 1955 to 1967 say fit in is easy sy ZD3OIyeS9rA-00955-00234837-00235171 fooding eyes AZ Sai feet and is e 1968 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00956-00235173-00235746 to 1972 long sujin long huge in 1972 to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00957-00235748-00236156 1978 safer than is easy sy fooding eyes ZD3OIyeS9rA-00958-00236157-00236585 a Z sight beaten is e 1978 1979 Wang ZD3OIyeS9rA-00959-00236586-00237181 Fung Wong Fung 1979 to 1985 is male amat ZD3OIyeS9rA-00960-00237182-00237380 Sima Yi I mighty ZD3OIyeS9rA-00961-00237381-00237796 is male y MV 1985 to 1993 Tom or do ZD3OIyeS9rA-00962-00237798-00238169 Ahmad time you''re da hua mighty TM air ZD3OIyeS9rA-00963-00238169-00238550 divan 1993 to 2003 Abdullah had Abdullah ZD3OIyeS9rA-00964-00238551-00238952 exit Abu like Tia Buddha Rishi T y ablet ZD3OIyeS9rA-00965-00238953-00239267 yeah bruh 2003 to 2007 Ismail ZD3OIyeS9rA-00966-00239267-00239630 Tilley Waldi Sima Yi Chi Li hua hurdle ZD3OIyeS9rA-00967-00239631-00239971 is male tile Ivaldi 2007 to 2015 newer ZD3OIyeS9rA-00968-00239973-00240323 Bexar a newer bike a leaner be Creed ZD3OIyeS9rA-00969-00240323-00240800 2015 present sure at Zakir ZD3OIyeS9rA-00970-00240801-00241117 schway k-lite easy care shirt Zakhar ZD3OIyeS9rA-00971-00241117-00241612 topic human rights ZD3OIyeS9rA-00972-00241613-00241879 Human Rights Watch has documented the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00973-00241880-00242104 denial of due legal process and fair ZD3OIyeS9rA-00974-00242105-00242308 trials and failure to hold genuinely ZD3OIyeS9rA-00975-00242309-00242548 open trials as mandated by law eg ZD3OIyeS9rA-00976-00242550-00242765 two suspects arrested following ethnic ZD3OIyeS9rA-00977-00242766-00243029 violence in the city of boom G's 2009 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00978-00243030-00243232 riots according to the Radio Free Asia ZD3OIyeS9rA-00979-00243233-00243619 and HR W at least 120,000 members of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00980-00243621-00243839 cash cars Muslim Uighur minority have ZD3OIyeS9rA-00981-00243840-00243965 been detained in Shin jeong's ZD3OIyeS9rA-00982-00243966-00244198 reeducation camps aimed at changing the ZD3OIyeS9rA-00983-00244200-00244388 political thinking of detainees their ZD3OIyeS9rA-00984-00244389-00244600 identities and their religious beliefs ZD3OIyeS9rA-00985-00244601-00244846 reports from the world weigert Congress ZD3OIyeS9rA-00986-00244848-00245054 submitted to the United Nations in July ZD3OIyeS9rA-00987-00245055-00245344 2018 suggest that 1 million we Gers are ZD3OIyeS9rA-00988-00245346-00245492 currently being held in the re-education ZD3OIyeS9rA-00989-00245492-00245935 camps ZD3OIyeS9rA-00990-00245936-00246415 topic economy ZD3OIyeS9rA-00991-00246416-00246644 traditionally in agricultural region ZD3OIyeS9rA-00992-00246644-00246875 shinjang also has large deposits of ZD3OIyeS9rA-00993-00246876-00247256 minerals and oil qin qiong's nominal gdp ZD3OIyeS9rA-00994-00247257-00247657 was approximately 930 2.4 billion RMB ZD3OIyeS9rA-00995-00247658-00248000 140 billion dollars as of 2015 with an ZD3OIyeS9rA-00996-00248001-00248221 average annual increase of 10 point 4 ZD3OIyeS9rA-00997-00248223-00248419 percent for the past four years due to ZD3OIyeS9rA-00998-00248421-00248600 exploration of the region's abundant ZD3OIyeS9rA-00999-00248601-00248860 reserves of coal crude oil and natural ZD3OIyeS9rA-01000-00248861-00249046 gas and the China Western development ZD3OIyeS9rA-01001-00249048-00249235 policy introduced by the State Council ZD3OIyeS9rA-01002-00249236-00249469 to boost economic development in western ZD3OIyeS9rA-01003-00249471-00249934 China its per capita GDP for 2009 was 19 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01004-00249935-00250430 thousand 798 RMB 2898 United States ZD3OIyeS9rA-01005-00250431-00250732 dollars with a growth rate of 1.7% ZD3OIyeS9rA-01006-00250733-00250996 southern Xinjiang with 95 percent ZD3OIyeS9rA-01007-00250998-00251252 non-han population has an average per ZD3OIyeS9rA-01008-00251253-00251462 capita income half that of Xinjiang as a ZD3OIyeS9rA-01009-00251463-00251771 whole in July 2010 China Daily reported ZD3OIyeS9rA-01010-00251771-00252085 that local governments in China's 19 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01011-00252086-00252281 provinces and municipalities including ZD3OIyeS9rA-01012-00252282-00252626 Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou Zhang and Li ZD3OIyeS9rA-01013-00252627-00252806 awning are engaged in the commitment of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01014-00252807-00253123 paring assistance support projects in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01015-00253125-00253309 Xinjiang to promote the development of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01016-00253310-00253538 agriculture industry technology ZD3OIyeS9rA-01017-00253539-00253742 education and Health Services in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01018-00253742-00254052 region ZD3OIyeS9rA-01019-00254053-00254582 topic agriculture and fishing ZD3OIyeS9rA-01020-00254583-00254859 Shin Jung has long been a major area of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01021-00254860-00255183 irrigated agriculture by 2015 the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01022-00255184-00255425 agricultural land area of the region as ZD3OIyeS9rA-01023-00255426-00255741 631 thousand square kilometers are 60 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01024-00255742-00256044 3.1 million hectares of which 6.1 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01025-00256044-00256404 million hectares is arable land in 2016 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01026-00256405-00256686 the total cultivated land rose to 6.2 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01027-00256687-00256839 million hectares with the crop ZD3OIyeS9rA-01028-00256840-00257079 production reaching 15 point 1 million ZD3OIyeS9rA-01029-00257080-00257173 tonnes ZD3OIyeS9rA-01030-00257175-00257412 traditionally wheat was the main staple ZD3OIyeS9rA-01031-00257413-00257607 crop of the region maize was grown as ZD3OIyeS9rA-01032-00257608-00257811 well millet was found in the South while ZD3OIyeS9rA-01033-00257812-00258084 only a few areas in particular Aqsa grew ZD3OIyeS9rA-01034-00258085-00258330 rice by the late 19th century cotton ZD3OIyeS9rA-01035-00258331-00258525 became an important crop in several ZD3OIyeS9rA-01036-00258526-00258833 oases notably cotan yarkand and Turpin ZD3OIyeS9rA-01037-00258834-00259110 sericulture is also practiced shinjang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01038-00259111-00259311 is nationally known for its fruits and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01039-00259312-00259551 produce including grapes melons pears ZD3OIyeS9rA-01040-00259552-00259871 walnuts particularly famous are hemi ZD3OIyeS9rA-01041-00259873-00260163 melons and Turpin raisins the main ZD3OIyeS9rA-01042-00260164-00260304 livestock of the region have ZD3OIyeS9rA-01043-00260305-00260519 traditionally been sheep much of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01044-00260521-00260712 region's pasture land as in its northern ZD3OIyeS9rA-01045-00260713-00260904 part where more precipitation is ZD3OIyeS9rA-01046-00260905-00261051 available but there are mountain ZD3OIyeS9rA-01047-00261052-00261296 pastures throughout the region due to ZD3OIyeS9rA-01048-00261298-00261471 the lack of access to the ocean and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01049-00261471-00261678 limited amount of inland water Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-01050-00261679-00261858 Zhang's fish resources are somewhat ZD3OIyeS9rA-01051-00261859-00262071 limited nonetheless there is a ZD3OIyeS9rA-01052-00262071-00262236 significant amount of fishing in Lake ZD3OIyeS9rA-01053-00262237-00262434 cooling Gore and Lake Boston and in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01054-00262435-00262704 ear Tisch River a large number of fish ZD3OIyeS9rA-01055-00262705-00262878 ponds have been constructed since the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01056-00262879-00263139 1970s their total surface exceeding ZD3OIyeS9rA-01057-00263140-00263556 10,000 hectares by the 1990s in 2000 the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01058-00263557-00263733 total of fifty eight thousand eight ZD3OIyeS9rA-01059-00263734-00263928 hundred thirty-five tons of fish was ZD3OIyeS9rA-01060-00263929-00264132 produced in xinjiang eighty-five percent ZD3OIyeS9rA-01061-00264133-00264348 of which came from aquaculture in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01062-00264349-00264522 past the lot Blake was known for its ZD3OIyeS9rA-01063-00264523-00264732 fisheries and the area residents for ZD3OIyeS9rA-01064-00264733-00264900 their fishing culture now due to the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01065-00264901-00265062 diversion of the waters of the Terim ZD3OIyeS9rA-01066-00265063-00265335 River the lake has dried out topic ZD3OIyeS9rA-01067-00265336-00265536 mining and minerals in the late 19th ZD3OIyeS9rA-01068-00265537-00265695 century the region was noted for ZD3OIyeS9rA-01069-00265696-00266028 producing salt soda borax gold Jade and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01070-00266029-00266289 coal the oil and gas extraction industry ZD3OIyeS9rA-01071-00266290-00266502 in oxy and Kara May is booming with the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01072-00266503-00266688 west-east gas pipeline connecting to ZD3OIyeS9rA-01073-00266689-00266970 Shanghai the oil and petrochemical ZD3OIyeS9rA-01074-00266971-00267201 sector account for 60% of Shin Jung's ZD3OIyeS9rA-01075-00267202-00267510 local economy containing over a fifth of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01076-00267511-00267720 China's coal natural gas and oil ZD3OIyeS9rA-01077-00267721-00267827 resources ZD3OIyeS9rA-01078-00267828-00268076 has the highest concentration of fossil ZD3OIyeS9rA-01079-00268077-00268244 fuel reserves of any region in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01080-00268245-00268526 country topic foreign trade Shin Zhang's ZD3OIyeS9rA-01081-00268527-00268760 exports amounted to nineteen point three ZD3OIyeS9rA-01082-00268761-00268958 billion United States dollars while ZD3OIyeS9rA-01083-00268959-00269150 imports turned out to be two point nine ZD3OIyeS9rA-01084-00269151-00269414 billion United States dollars in 2008 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01085-00269415-00269732 most of the overall import export volume ZD3OIyeS9rA-01086-00269733-00269927 in Xinjiang was directed to and from ZD3OIyeS9rA-01087-00269928-00270209 Kazakhstan through Allah Pass China's ZD3OIyeS9rA-01088-00270210-00270425 first border free trade zone goes ZD3OIyeS9rA-01089-00270426-00270653 free trade zone was located at the Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-01090-00270654-00270848 Jang Kazakhstan border city of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01091-00270849-00271151 goes goes as the largest land port ZD3OIyeS9rA-01092-00271152-00271334 in China's western region and it has ZD3OIyeS9rA-01093-00271335-00271550 easy access to the Central Asian market ZD3OIyeS9rA-01094-00271551-00271844 Shin Jung also opened its second border ZD3OIyeS9rA-01095-00271845-00272139 trade market to Kazakhstan in March 2006 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01096-00272140-00272439 the Gemina border trade zone topic ZD3OIyeS9rA-01097-00272440-00272660 economic and technological development ZD3OIyeS9rA-01098-00272661-00272840 zones bull border Economic Cooperation ZD3OIyeS9rA-01099-00272841-00273087 area she has a border Economic ZD3OIyeS9rA-01100-00273088-00273275 Cooperation area to chiang border ZD3OIyeS9rA-01101-00273276-00273513 Economic Cooperation area arun chi ZD3OIyeS9rA-01102-00273514-00273728 economic and technological development ZD3OIyeS9rA-01103-00273729-00274046 zone as northwest of OMG it was approved ZD3OIyeS9rA-01104-00274047-00274298 in 1994 by the state council as a ZD3OIyeS9rA-01105-00274299-00274472 national level economic and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01106-00274473-00274748 technological development zones it is ZD3OIyeS9rA-01107-00274749-00275108 1.5 kilometers 0.93 miles from the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01108-00275109-00275306 uruchi International Airport two ZD3OIyeS9rA-01109-00275307-00275555 kilometers 1.2 miles from the north ZD3OIyeS9rA-01110-00275556-00275849 railway station and 10 kilometers 6.2 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01111-00275850-00276114 miles from the city centre Wu Chun ZD3OIyeS9rA-01112-00276115-00276401 expressway in 312 national road passes ZD3OIyeS9rA-01113-00276402-00276635 through the zone the development has ZD3OIyeS9rA-01114-00276636-00276833 unique resources and geographical ZD3OIyeS9rA-01115-00276834-00277121 advantages Shin Jung's vast land rich in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01116-00277122-00277382 resources borders 8 countries as the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01117-00277383-00277583 leading economic zone it brings together ZD3OIyeS9rA-01118-00277584-00277820 the resources of Shin Jung's industrial ZD3OIyeS9rA-01119-00277821-00278018 development capital technology ZD3OIyeS9rA-01120-00278019-00278264 information personnel and other factors ZD3OIyeS9rA-01121-00278265-00278522 of production who roumdji export ZD3OIyeS9rA-01122-00278523-00278774 processing zone is in uru mouki economic ZD3OIyeS9rA-01123-00278775-00279047 and Technology Development zone it was ZD3OIyeS9rA-01124-00279048-00279326 established in 2007 as a state-level ZD3OIyeS9rA-01125-00279327-00279620 export processing zone who room cheenu ZD3OIyeS9rA-01126-00279621-00279827 and hi-tech Industrial Development zone ZD3OIyeS9rA-01127-00279828-00280109 was established in 1992 and it is the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01128-00280110-00280316 only high-tech development zone in Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-01129-00280317-00280568 Jang China there are more than three ZD3OIyeS9rA-01130-00280569-00280871 thousand 470 enterprises in the zone of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01131-00280872-00281181 which 23 are fortune 500 companies ZD3OIyeS9rA-01132-00281182-00281472 it has a planned area of 9.8 square ZD3OIyeS9rA-01133-00281473-00281655 kilometers three point eight square ZD3OIyeS9rA-01134-00281656-00281876 miles and it is divided into four zones ZD3OIyeS9rA-01135-00281877-00282129 there are plans to expand the zone ZD3OIyeS9rA-01136-00282130-00282414 yuning border Economic Cooperation area ZD3OIyeS9rA-01137-00282415-00282636 topic culture topic demographics the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01138-00282637-00282924 earliest to rim mummies dated to 1800 BC ZD3OIyeS9rA-01139-00282925-00283209 are of a caucus oeid physical type east ZD3OIyeS9rA-01140-00283210-00283404 asian migrants arrived in the eastern ZD3OIyeS9rA-01141-00283405-00283608 portions of the Terim basin about three ZD3OIyeS9rA-01142-00283609-00283788 thousand years ago while the Uyghur ZD3OIyeS9rA-01143-00283789-00283968 peoples arrived after the collapse of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01144-00283969-00284148 the oricon Uyghur Kingdom based in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01145-00284149-00284448 modern-day Mongolia around the year 842 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01146-00284449-00284661 Muslim Turkic peoples in Shin Jung ZD3OIyeS9rA-01147-00284662-00284952 include we Gers Jews Bex Kyrgyz Tatars ZD3OIyeS9rA-01148-00284953-00285195 in the Kazakhs Muslim Iranian people's ZD3OIyeS9rA-01149-00285196-00285372 include Pamir us and thus our Achilles ZD3OIyeS9rA-01150-00285373-00285585 Blackie's often conflated as premier as' ZD3OIyeS9rA-01151-00285586-00285825 and Muslim sino-tibetan peoples such as ZD3OIyeS9rA-01152-00285826-00286140 the way other PRC ethnic groups in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01153-00286141-00286434 region include honks Mongols or ax doors ZD3OIyeS9rA-01154-00286435-00286763 dongsaeng's russians Zipes and Manchus ZD3OIyeS9rA-01155-00286764-00287061 around 70,000 russian immigrants were ZD3OIyeS9rA-01156-00287062-00287334 living in Shin Jang in 1945 the Han ZD3OIyeS9rA-01157-00287335-00287550 Chinese of Xinjiang arrived at different ZD3OIyeS9rA-01158-00287551-00287733 times from different directions and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01159-00287734-00287928 social backgrounds they are descendants ZD3OIyeS9rA-01160-00287929-00288108 of criminals and officials who had been ZD3OIyeS9rA-01161-00288109-00288303 exiled from China proper during the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01162-00288304-00288483 second half of the eighteenth and first ZD3OIyeS9rA-01163-00288484-00288642 half of the nineteenth centuries ZD3OIyeS9rA-01164-00288643-00288867 descendants of families of military and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01165-00288868-00289131 civil officers from Hunan Yunnan Gansu ZD3OIyeS9rA-01166-00289132-00289335 and Manchuria descendants of merchants ZD3OIyeS9rA-01167-00289336-00289584 from Shanxi Chen Jien Hubei and Hunan ZD3OIyeS9rA-01168-00289585-00289776 and descendants of peasants who started ZD3OIyeS9rA-01169-00289777-00290094 immigrating into the region in 1776 some ZD3OIyeS9rA-01170-00290095-00290280 Uyghur scholars claim descent from both ZD3OIyeS9rA-01171-00290281-00290454 the Turkic eiger's and the praetor ZD3OIyeS9rA-01172-00290455-00290661 kicked okarians or toe Koreans whose ZD3OIyeS9rA-01173-00290662-00290829 language was indo-european and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01174-00290830-00291066 relatively fair skin hair and eyes as ZD3OIyeS9rA-01175-00291067-00291252 well as other so-called caucus oyd ZD3OIyeS9rA-01176-00291253-00291447 physical traits are not uncommon among ZD3OIyeS9rA-01177-00291448-00291831 them in 2002 there were nine million six ZD3OIyeS9rA-01178-00291832-00292020 hundred thirty-two thousand six hundred ZD3OIyeS9rA-01179-00292021-00292293 males growth rate of 1.0 percent and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01180-00292294-00292467 nine million four hundred nineteen ZD3OIyeS9rA-01181-00292468-00292665 thousand three hundred females growth ZD3OIyeS9rA-01182-00292666-00293010 rate of 2.2% the population overall ZD3OIyeS9rA-01183-00293011-00293217 growth rate was one point zero nine ZD3OIyeS9rA-01184-00293218-00293445 percent with one point six three percent ZD3OIyeS9rA-01185-00293446-00293810 of birth rate and 0.54% mortality rate ZD3OIyeS9rA-01186-00293811-00294090 the Ching began a process of settling ZD3OIyeS9rA-01187-00294091-00294297 honk way and Weger settlers into ZD3OIyeS9rA-01188-00294298-00294534 northern Xinjiang Hungaria starting in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01189-00294535-00294567 the eighth ZD3OIyeS9rA-01190-00294568-00294854 century at the start of the 19th century ZD3OIyeS9rA-01191-00294855-00295077 40 years after the Ching reconquest ZD3OIyeS9rA-01192-00295078-00295413 there were around 150 5000 Han and Wei ZD3OIyeS9rA-01193-00295414-00295596 Chinese in northern Xinjiang and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01194-00295597-00295773 somewhat more than twice that number of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01195-00295774-00296049 wee girls in southern Xinjiang a census ZD3OIyeS9rA-01196-00296050-00296265 of Xinjiang under Qing rule in the early ZD3OIyeS9rA-01197-00296266-00296529 19th century tabulated ethnic shares of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01198-00296530-00296862 the population as 30% Han and 60% Turkic ZD3OIyeS9rA-01199-00296863-00297099 while it dramatically shifted to 6% Han ZD3OIyeS9rA-01200-00297100-00297567 and 75% Weger in the 1953 census however ZD3OIyeS9rA-01201-00297568-00297785 a situation similar to the Qin era ZD3OIyeS9rA-01202-00297786-00297990 demographics with a large number of Han ZD3OIyeS9rA-01203-00297991-00298221 had been restored by 2000 with forty ZD3OIyeS9rA-01204-00298222-00298433 point five seven percent Han and forty ZD3OIyeS9rA-01205-00298434-00298646 five point two one percent Weger ZD3OIyeS9rA-01206-00298647-00298926 professor Stanley W tube's noted that ZD3OIyeS9rA-01207-00298927-00299139 today's demographic situation is similar ZD3OIyeS9rA-01208-00299140-00299325 to that of the early Qing period in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01209-00299326-00299673 Xinjiang before 1831 only a few hundred ZD3OIyeS9rA-01210-00299674-00299868 Chinese merchants lived in southern ZD3OIyeS9rA-01211-00299869-00300114 Xinjiang oases to rim basin and only a ZD3OIyeS9rA-01212-00300115-00300283 few Eagers lived in northern Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01213-00300284-00300687 Hungaria after 1831 the ching permitted ZD3OIyeS9rA-01214-00300688-00300894 and encouraged Han Chinese migration ZD3OIyeS9rA-01215-00300895-00301058 into the Terim basin in southern ZD3OIyeS9rA-01216-00301059-00301227 Xinjiang although with very little ZD3OIyeS9rA-01217-00301228-00301428 success and stationed permanent troops ZD3OIyeS9rA-01218-00301429-00301671 on the land there as well political ZD3OIyeS9rA-01219-00301672-00301878 killings and expulsion zuv nan Weger ZD3OIyeS9rA-01220-00301879-00302067 populations in the uprisings of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01221-00302068-00302381 1860s and 1930s saw them experience a ZD3OIyeS9rA-01222-00302382-00302574 sharp decline as a percentage of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01223-00302575-00302759 total population though they rose once ZD3OIyeS9rA-01224-00302760-00302901 again in the periods of stability ZD3OIyeS9rA-01225-00302902-00303158 following 1880 which saw qin qiong ZD3OIyeS9rA-01226-00303159-00303410 increase its population from 1.2 million ZD3OIyeS9rA-01227-00303411-00303927 in 1949 from a low of 7% in 1953 the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01228-00303928-00304089 hunt began to return to Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01229-00304090-00304328 between then and 1964 where they ZD3OIyeS9rA-01230-00304329-00304578 comprised 33 percent of the population ZD3OIyeS9rA-01231-00304579-00305001 54% Weger similarly to Ching x a decade ZD3OIyeS9rA-01232-00305002-00305190 later at the beginning of the Chinese ZD3OIyeS9rA-01233-00305191-00305514 economic reform in 1978 the demographic ZD3OIyeS9rA-01234-00305515-00305874 balance was 46% Weger and 40% han this ZD3OIyeS9rA-01235-00305875-00306063 has not changed drastically until the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01236-00306064-00306281 last census in 2000 with the Uighur ZD3OIyeS9rA-01237-00306282-00306632 population reduced to 42% military ZD3OIyeS9rA-01238-00306633-00306840 personnel are not counted and national ZD3OIyeS9rA-01239-00306841-00307007 minorities are under counted in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01240-00307008-00307320 Chinese census as in most censuses while ZD3OIyeS9rA-01241-00307321-00307505 some of the shift has been attributed to ZD3OIyeS9rA-01242-00307506-00307695 an increased hunt presence we girls have ZD3OIyeS9rA-01243-00307696-00307935 also emigrated to other parts of China ZD3OIyeS9rA-01244-00307936-00308034 where their numbers have increased ZD3OIyeS9rA-01245-00308035-00308364 steadily Weger independence activists ZD3OIyeS9rA-01246-00308365-00308586 express concern over the hunt population ZD3OIyeS9rA-01247-00308587-00308754 changing the Weger character of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01248-00308755-00308934 region though the Han and way Chinese ZD3OIyeS9rA-01249-00308935-00309068 mostly live in northern Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01250-00309069-00309324 dzungaria and are separated from areas ZD3OIyeS9rA-01251-00309325-00309534 of historical Weger dominant south of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01252-00309535-00309735 the tian shan mountains southwestern ZD3OIyeS9rA-01253-00309736-00309912 Shin Jang where we Gers account for ZD3OIyeS9rA-01254-00309913-00310218 about 90% of the population in general ZD3OIyeS9rA-01255-00310219-00310467 we Gers are the majority in southwestern ZD3OIyeS9rA-01256-00310468-00310674 Shin Jang including the prefecture zuv ZD3OIyeS9rA-01257-00310675-00310920 Kashgar Codan cos Elsa and Ock soon ZD3OIyeS9rA-01258-00310921-00311148 about 80 percent of shin Zhang's we Gers ZD3OIyeS9rA-01259-00311149-00311346 live in those four prefectures as well ZD3OIyeS9rA-01260-00311347-00311538 as turpan prefecture in eastern Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-01261-00311539-00311823 Jang Hana the majority in eastern and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01262-00311824-00312063 northern Xinjiang Hungaria including the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01263-00312064-00312291 cities of a room chief kara may she has ZD3OIyeS9rA-01264-00312292-00312504 he and the prefecture zuv Chang ji bort ZD3OIyeS9rA-01265-00312505-00312687 Allah Bey angolan ili ZD3OIyeS9rA-01266-00312688-00312882 especially the cities of Kooten and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01267-00312883-00313200 Kumal Kazakhs are mostly concentrated in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01268-00313201-00313448 ili Prefecture in northern Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01269-00313449-00313659 Kazakhs are the majority in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01270-00313660-00314133 northernmost part of Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01271-00314134-00314604 topic vital statistics ZD3OIyeS9rA-01272-00314605-00315075 topic religion ZD3OIyeS9rA-01273-00315076-00315315 the major religions in Xinjiang our ZD3OIyeS9rA-01274-00315316-00315486 Islam among the wiegert's and the way ZD3OIyeS9rA-01275-00315487-00315696 Chinese minority while many of the Han ZD3OIyeS9rA-01276-00315697-00315921 Chinese practice Chinese folk religions ZD3OIyeS9rA-01277-00315922-00316166 Taoism Confucianism and Buddhism ZD3OIyeS9rA-01278-00316167-00316434 according to a demographic analysis of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01279-00316435-00316743 the year 2010 Muslims form 58 percent of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01280-00316744-00317040 the provinces population Christianity in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01281-00317041-00317262 Shin Jung is the religion of 1 percent ZD3OIyeS9rA-01282-00317263-00317424 of the population according to the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01283-00317425-00317724 Chinese General Social Survey of 2009 a ZD3OIyeS9rA-01284-00317725-00317940 majority of the Weger muslims adhere to ZD3OIyeS9rA-01285-00317941-00318138 sunni islam of the Hanafi school of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01286-00318139-00318414 jurisprudence or madhab a large minority ZD3OIyeS9rA-01287-00318415-00318651 of Shias almost exclusively of the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01288-00318652-00318867 Nizari Ismaili sevinor's rights are ZD3OIyeS9rA-01289-00318868-00319038 found in the higher mountains of Pamir ZD3OIyeS9rA-01290-00319039-00319305 and Tian Shan in the western mountains ZD3OIyeS9rA-01291-00319306-00319451 the Premier's almost the entire ZD3OIyeS9rA-01292-00319452-00319713 population of Amira's Sarika listen ZD3OIyeS9rA-01293-00319714-00320022 walkies are Nizari Ismaili Shia in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01294-00320023-00320235 north in the Tian Shan the Kyrgyz and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01295-00320236-00320628 Kazakhs are Sunni a FAQ koja mausoleum ZD3OIyeS9rA-01296-00320629-00320820 and ID kah mosque in Kashgar ZD3OIyeS9rA-01297-00320821-00321009 are among the most important Islamic ZD3OIyeS9rA-01298-00321010-00321309 sites in Xinjiang Emin minaret as a key ZD3OIyeS9rA-01299-00321310-00321555 Islamic site in Turpan bezu click ZD3OIyeS9rA-01300-00321556-00321723 thousand buddha caves as a major ZD3OIyeS9rA-01301-00321724-00322075 buddhist site ZD3OIyeS9rA-01302-00322076-00322546 topic media ZD3OIyeS9rA-01303-00322547-00322780 the shinjang networking transmission ZD3OIyeS9rA-01304-00322781-00322975 limited operates the room cheap people ZD3OIyeS9rA-01305-00322976-00323184 broadcasting station and the shinjang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01306-00323185-00323425 people broadcasting station broadcasting ZD3OIyeS9rA-01307-00323426-00323671 and Mandarin Weger Kazakh and Mongolian ZD3OIyeS9rA-01308-00323672-00324073 in 1995 there were 50 minority language ZD3OIyeS9rA-01309-00324074-00324256 newspapers published in Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01310-00324257-00324463 including the Koppel News the world's ZD3OIyeS9rA-01311-00324464-00324783 only X IBE language newspaper the Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-01312-00324784-00325018 Jung economic daily is considered one of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01313-00325019-00325246 China's most dynamic newspapers for a ZD3OIyeS9rA-01314-00325247-00325483 time after the July 2009 riots ZD3OIyeS9rA-01315-00325484-00325678 authorities placed restrictions on the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01316-00325679-00325884 internet and text messaging gradually ZD3OIyeS9rA-01317-00325885-00326065 permitting access to state controlled ZD3OIyeS9rA-01318-00326066-00326299 websites like shinhwa's until restoring ZD3OIyeS9rA-01319-00326300-00326460 Internet to the same level as the rest ZD3OIyeS9rA-01320-00326461-00326760 of China on May 14th 2010 as reported by ZD3OIyeS9rA-01321-00326761-00327064 the BBC News China strictly controls ZD3OIyeS9rA-01322-00327065-00327340 media access to Shin Jang so reports are ZD3OIyeS9rA-01323-00327341-00327846 difficult to verify ZD3OIyeS9rA-01324-00327847-00328205 topic sports ZD3OIyeS9rA-01325-00328206-00328352 you ZD3OIyeS9rA-01326-00328353-00328577 Shin Jung is home to the shin jung-hwan ZD3OIyeS9rA-01327-00328578-00328805 we Flying Tigers professional basketball ZD3OIyeS9rA-01328-00328806-00328970 team of the Chinese Basketball ZD3OIyeS9rA-01329-00328971-00329237 Association and to Shin jong-kyun chan ZD3OIyeS9rA-01330-00329238-00329486 leopard FC a football team that plays in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01331-00329487-00329828 China Ligue 1 the capital new room Qi is ZD3OIyeS9rA-01332-00329829-00330008 home to the Shin Jang University ZD3OIyeS9rA-01333-00330009-00330224 baseball team an integrated Weger and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01334-00330225-00330428 Han group profiled in the documentary ZD3OIyeS9rA-01335-00330429-00330930 film diamond in the dunes ZD3OIyeS9rA-01336-00330931-00331412 topic transportation ZD3OIyeS9rA-01337-00331413-00331883 topic roads ZD3OIyeS9rA-01338-00331884-00332156 in 2008 according to the Shin Jang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01339-00332157-00332342 transportation network plan the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01340-00332343-00332528 government has focused construction on ZD3OIyeS9rA-01341-00332529-00332807 State Road 314 LR Houghton desert ZD3OIyeS9rA-01342-00332808-00333119 highway state road 218 kim schooi river ZD3OIyeS9rA-01343-00333120-00333434 line yawning highway and State Road 217 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01344-00333435-00333752 as well as other roads the construction ZD3OIyeS9rA-01345-00333753-00333899 of the first expressway in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01346-00333900-00334121 mountainous area of Xinjiang began a new ZD3OIyeS9rA-01347-00334122-00334367 stage in its construction on July 24 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01348-00334368-00334832 2007 the 56 kilometers 35 miles highway ZD3OIyeS9rA-01349-00334833-00335057 linking serum Lake and glassy Valley in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01350-00335058-00335267 northern Xinjiang area had cost two ZD3OIyeS9rA-01351-00335268-00335513 point three nine billion yuan the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01352-00335514-00335705 expressway is designed to improve the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01353-00335706-00335948 speed of national highway 312 in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01354-00335949-00336239 northern Xinjiang the project started in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01355-00336240-00336506 August 2006 and several stages have been ZD3OIyeS9rA-01356-00336507-00336893 fully operational since March 2007 over ZD3OIyeS9rA-01357-00336894-00337106 3,000 construction workers have been ZD3OIyeS9rA-01358-00337107-00337415 involved the 700 M along Guo Zi Valley ZD3OIyeS9rA-01359-00337416-00337640 cable bridge over the expressway is now ZD3OIyeS9rA-01360-00337641-00337874 currently being constructed with the 24 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01361-00337875-00338116 main pile foundations already completed ZD3OIyeS9rA-01362-00338117-00338468 highway 312 national highway Shin Jung ZD3OIyeS9rA-01363-00338469-00338684 section connects Xinjiang with China's ZD3OIyeS9rA-01364-00338685-00338930 East Coast Central and Western Asia plus ZD3OIyeS9rA-01365-00338931-00339200 some parts of Europe it is a key factor ZD3OIyeS9rA-01366-00339201-00339437 in shin Jiang's economic development the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01367-00339438-00339707 population it covers is around 40% of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01368-00339708-00339908 the overall in Shin Jang who contribute ZD3OIyeS9rA-01369-00339909-00340235 half of the GDP in the area the head of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01370-00340236-00340433 the Transport Department was quoted as ZD3OIyeS9rA-01371-00340434-00340613 saying that twenty four billion eight ZD3OIyeS9rA-01372-00340614-00340847 hundred million RMB had been invested ZD3OIyeS9rA-01373-00340848-00341069 into Shin Jiang's road network in 2010 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01374-00341070-00341264 alone and by this time the roads covered ZD3OIyeS9rA-01375-00341265-00341645 approximately 152 thousand kilometers 94 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01376-00341646-00342064 thousand miles ZD3OIyeS9rA-01377-00342065-00342456 topic Rael ZD3OIyeS9rA-01378-00342457-00342803 qin qiong's rail hubbas room chi to the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01379-00342804-00342965 east a conventional and a high-speed ZD3OIyeS9rA-01380-00342966-00343190 rail line runs through Turpin and hami ZD3OIyeS9rA-01381-00343191-00343490 to lanzhou in gansu province a third ZD3OIyeS9rA-01382-00343491-00343667 outlet to the east connects hammy and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01383-00343668-00343984 Inner Mongolia to the west the northern ZD3OIyeS9rA-01384-00343985-00344177 Xinjiang runs along the northern foot ZD3OIyeS9rA-01385-00344178-00344366 slopes of the Tian Shan range through ZD3OIyeS9rA-01386-00344367-00344600 Chun ji she has he chitin and Jing to ZD3OIyeS9rA-01387-00344601-00344809 the kazakh border at ala shanku where it ZD3OIyeS9rA-01388-00344810-00344999 links up with the Turkestan siberia ZD3OIyeS9rA-01389-00345000-00345239 railway together the northern Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01390-00345240-00345500 and the lanzhou shin jung lines formed ZD3OIyeS9rA-01391-00345501-00345698 part of the trans Eurasian continental ZD3OIyeS9rA-01392-00345699-00345904 railway which extends from Rotterdam on ZD3OIyeS9rA-01393-00345905-00346112 the North Sea to Liana and Gong on the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01394-00346113-00346360 East China Sea the second a room ZD3OIyeS9rA-01395-00346361-00346541 chi-ching railway provides additional ZD3OIyeS9rA-01396-00346542-00346783 rail transport capacity to Jane from ZD3OIyeS9rA-01397-00346784-00346930 which the Jing yawning goes ZD3OIyeS9rA-01398-00346931-00347117 railway heads into the eye Li River ZD3OIyeS9rA-01399-00347118-00347329 Valley to yawning kueh Chang and core ZD3OIyeS9rA-01400-00347330-00347543 goes a second rail border crossing with ZD3OIyeS9rA-01401-00347544-00347864 Kazakhstan the chiton baton railway runs ZD3OIyeS9rA-01402-00347865-00348053 from chiton north into the jungle base ZD3OIyeS9rA-01403-00348054-00348266 into kara may and bate tune near Altai ZD3OIyeS9rA-01404-00348267-00348578 in the south the southern Xinjiang line ZD3OIyeS9rA-01405-00348579-00348788 from Turpin runs Southwest along the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01406-00348789-00348971 southern foot slopes of the Tian Shan ZD3OIyeS9rA-01407-00348972-00349172 into the Turin Basin with stops at ZD3OIyeS9rA-01408-00349173-00349453 Yankee corrala cuca ox ooh Meryl Beck ZD3OIyeS9rA-01409-00349454-00349799 see Bachchu our tush and kashgar from ZD3OIyeS9rA-01410-00349800-00350015 kashgar the kashgar Houghton railway ZD3OIyeS9rA-01411-00350016-00350213 follows the southern rim of the to rim - ZD3OIyeS9rA-01412-00350214-00350471 Houghton with stops at shul octo yang is ZD3OIyeS9rA-01413-00350472-00350720 er shake yar Kent Yi Chang karghilik by ZD3OIyeS9rA-01414-00350721-00351116 you care attacks the OMG dzungaria ZD3OIyeS9rA-01415-00351117-00351299 railway connects her room tea with coal ZD3OIyeS9rA-01416-00351300-00351575 fields in the eastern Junger basin the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01417-00351576-00351776 Hemi lop newer railway connects hammy ZD3OIyeS9rA-01418-00351777-00351979 with potassium salt mines in and around ZD3OIyeS9rA-01419-00351980-00352289 lap nor the goal mid corrala railway ZD3OIyeS9rA-01420-00352290-00352541 under construction as of August 2016 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01421-00352542-00352744 would provide an outlet to King high ZD3OIyeS9rA-01422-00352745-00353032 railways to Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan have ZD3OIyeS9rA-01423-00353033-00353401 been proposed ZD3OIyeS9rA-01424-00353402-00353635 topic East Turkestan independence ZD3OIyeS9rA-01425-00353636-00353823 movement ZD3OIyeS9rA-01426-00353824-00354050 you ZD3OIyeS9rA-01427-00354051-00354244 some factions in Xinjiang province ZD3OIyeS9rA-01428-00354245-00354488 advocate establishing an independent ZD3OIyeS9rA-01429-00354489-00354671 country which has caused tension and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01430-00354672-00354860 ethnic strife in the Shin Jung province ZD3OIyeS9rA-01431-00354861-00355103 the Shin Jang conflict as an ongoing ZD3OIyeS9rA-01432-00355104-00355322 separatist conflict in the northwestern ZD3OIyeS9rA-01433-00355323-00355550 part of China the separatist movement ZD3OIyeS9rA-01434-00355551-00355757 claims that the region which they view ZD3OIyeS9rA-01435-00355758-00355913 is their homeland and referred to as ZD3OIyeS9rA-01436-00355914-00356252 East Turkestan is not part of China but ZD3OIyeS9rA-01437-00356253-00356540 was invaded by China in 1949 and has ZD3OIyeS9rA-01438-00356541-00356755 been under Chinese occupation since then ZD3OIyeS9rA-01439-00356756-00356996 China asserts that the region has been ZD3OIyeS9rA-01440-00356997-00357281 part of China since ancient times the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01441-00357282-00357485 separatist movement is led by ethnically ZD3OIyeS9rA-01442-00357486-00357713 Weger Muslim underground organizations ZD3OIyeS9rA-01443-00357714-00357902 most notably the East Turkestan ZD3OIyeS9rA-01444-00357903-00358064 independence movement against the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01445-00358065-00358292 Chinese government according to the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01446-00358293-00358514 asia-pacific Center for Security Studies ZD3OIyeS9rA-01447-00358515-00358751 the two main sources for separatism in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01448-00358752-00358925 the Shin Jung province are religion and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01449-00358926-00359234 ethnicity religiously the Weger peoples ZD3OIyeS9rA-01450-00359235-00359453 of Xinjiang follow Islam while in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01451-00359454-00359672 large cities of Han China the primary ZD3OIyeS9rA-01452-00359673-00359840 religions practiced are Buddhism ZD3OIyeS9rA-01453-00359841-00360101 Confucianism Taoism or a combination of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01454-00360102-00360323 them the other major difference and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01455-00360324-00360521 source of friction with eastern China is ZD3OIyeS9rA-01456-00360522-00360779 ethnicity the we girls are ethnically ZD3OIyeS9rA-01457-00360780-00361016 linguistically and culturally Turkic a ZD3OIyeS9rA-01458-00361017-00361196 clear distinction from the Han and other ZD3OIyeS9rA-01459-00361197-00361391 ethnicities that are the majority in the ZD3OIyeS9rA-01460-00361392-00361652 eastern regions of China hence there is ZD3OIyeS9rA-01461-00361653-00361871 a noticeable voice of ethnic we Gers who ZD3OIyeS9rA-01462-00361872-00362030 would like to separate their region from ZD3OIyeS9rA-01463-00362031-00362351 China ironically the capital of Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01464-00362352-00362588 who roumdji was originally a Han and Wei ZD3OIyeS9rA-01465-00362589-00362825 Tongan city with few Weger people before ZD3OIyeS9rA-01466-00362826-00363079 recent Weger migration to the city in ZD3OIyeS9rA-01467-00363080-00363329 retaliation against separatists china ZD3OIyeS9rA-01468-00363330-00363632 has engaged in strike hard campaigns ZD3OIyeS9rA-01469-00363633-00364055 since 1996 on june 5th 2014 china's ZD3OIyeS9rA-01470-00364056-00364235 sentenced nine persons to death for ZD3OIyeS9rA-01471-00364236-00364475 terrorist attacks they were seeking to ZD3OIyeS9rA-01472-00364476-00364703 overthrow chinese rule in Xinjiang and ZD3OIyeS9rA-01473-00364704-00364925 re-establish an independent Weger state ZD3OIyeS9rA-01474-00364926-00365323 of East Turkestan ZD3OIyeS9rA-01475-00365324-00365852 topic see also ZD3OIyeS9rA-01476-00365853-00366163 shinjang re-education camps ZD3OIyeS9rA-01477-00366164-00366430 administrative divisions of China ZD3OIyeS9rA-01478-00366431-00366791 affirmative action in China autonomous ZD3OIyeS9rA-01479-00366792-00367064 regions of China China cotton ZD3OIyeS9rA-01480-00367065-00367454 Association East Turkestan East ZD3OIyeS9rA-01481-00367455-00367741 Turkestan independence movement ZD3OIyeS9rA-01482-00367742-00368045 Islamization of Xinjiang list of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01483-00368046-00368311 universities and colleges in Xinjiang ZD3OIyeS9rA-01484-00368312-00368774 western regions Shin Jung coins Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-01485-00368775-00369170 Jung conflict Shin Jang cuisine Shin ZD3OIyeS9rA-01486-00369171-00369388 Jung production and construction core ZD3OIyeS9rA-01487-00369389-00369868 Shin Jung Wars ZD3OIyeS9rA-01488-00369869-00370388 topic notes ZD3OIyeS9rA-01489-00370389-00370904 topic references ZD3OIyeS9rA-01490-00370905-00371405 topic citations ZD3OIyeS9rA-01491-00371406-00371919 topic sources ZD3OIyeS9rA-01492-00371920-00372435 topic further reading ZD3OIyeS9rA-01493-00372436-00372796 Cote Isabelle political mobilization of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01494-00372797-00373048 a regional minority Han Chinese settlers ZD3OIyeS9rA-01495-00373049-00373396 in Shin Jang ethnic and racial studies ZD3OIyeS9rA-01496-00373397-00373867 2011 volume 34 issue 11 boy ten point ZD3OIyeS9rA-01497-00373868-00374127 one zero eight zero oh one four one nine ZD3OIyeS9rA-01498-00374128-00374373 eight seven Oh point two zero one zero ZD3OIyeS9rA-01499-00374374-00374798 point five four three six nine two PP ZD3OIyeS9rA-01500-00374799-00375470 1855 to 1873 profile page ZD3OIyeS9rA-01501-00375471-00376022 topic external links ZD3OIyeS9rA-01502-00376023-00376313 Colin Renfrew before silk unsolved ZD3OIyeS9rA-01503-00376314-00376510 mysteries of the Silk Road video of ZD3OIyeS9rA-01504-00376511-00376852 lecture pen Museum the 13th of May 2011 ZD3OIyeS9rA-01505-00376853-00377176 Shin Jung travel information website ZD3OIyeS9rA-01506-00377177-00377468 Shin Jang government website in Chinese ZD3OIyeS9rA-01507-00377469-00377689 and an additional government site ZD3OIyeS9rA-01508-00377690-00378076 economic profile for Shin Jang at HKTDC ZD3OIyeS9rA-01509-00378077-00378490 Shin Jung Autonomous Region China ZD3OIyeS9rA-01510-00378491-00378739 Encyclopedia Britannica ZD3OIyeS9rA-01511-00378740-00379145 general atlas of Shin Jang ZGyMLHm-eUI-00000-00000003-00000179 okay so we've looked at the movement of ZGyMLHm-eUI-00001-00000180-00000416 a dislocation to cause plastic ZGyMLHm-eUI-00002-00000417-00000611 deformation in the metal what I'd like ZGyMLHm-eUI-00003-00000612-00000844 to do now is look a little bit at the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00004-00000844-00001085 stresses in the lattice surrounding a ZGyMLHm-eUI-00005-00001086-00001262 dislocation so if you better understand ZGyMLHm-eUI-00006-00001263-00001540 what this linear imperfection is okay ZGyMLHm-eUI-00007-00001541-00001822 good all right so here we go I've got a ZGyMLHm-eUI-00008-00001823-00002150 simple cubic lattice it's perfect ZGyMLHm-eUI-00009-00002151-00002279 so what I want to do is I want to ZGyMLHm-eUI-00010-00002280-00002480 introduce a dislocation into it now this ZGyMLHm-eUI-00011-00002481-00002708 is not actually the way the dislocations ZGyMLHm-eUI-00012-00002709-00002987 are created but in terms of ZGyMLHm-eUI-00013-00002988-00003286 understanding the residual stresses in ZGyMLHm-eUI-00014-00003288-00003560 the lattice around a dislocation this ZGyMLHm-eUI-00015-00003561-00003734 will get us there okay so what I want to ZGyMLHm-eUI-00016-00003735-00003875 do is I want to consider what if we ZGyMLHm-eUI-00017-00003876-00004217 added into this system and this little ZGyMLHm-eUI-00018-00004218-00004754 extra extra row of atoms okay and you ZGyMLHm-eUI-00019-00004755-00004874 could imagine this coming out of the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00020-00004875-00005018 page as well if you wanted to see it in ZGyMLHm-eUI-00021-00005019-00005222 three dimensions so we're going to add ZGyMLHm-eUI-00022-00005223-00005402 this in we're going to slice it into ZGyMLHm-eUI-00023-00005403-00005561 into this cube I'm going to push it down ZGyMLHm-eUI-00024-00005562-00005720 like that yeah that's what I'm doing ZGyMLHm-eUI-00025-00005721-00005891 pushing that down into the lattice there ZGyMLHm-eUI-00026-00005892-00006343 okay and so then you can see well it's ZGyMLHm-eUI-00027-00006344-00006553 taking up some space in the lattice okay ZGyMLHm-eUI-00028-00006554-00006709 it's taking up some space in the lattice ZGyMLHm-eUI-00029-00006711-00007256 it's almost like you know if you this is ZGyMLHm-eUI-00030-00007256-00007573 gonna stretch my artistic abilities but ZGyMLHm-eUI-00031-00007575-00007994 if you wanted to cut a log or something ZGyMLHm-eUI-00032-00007995-00008369 this is a piece of wood right can you ZGyMLHm-eUI-00033-00008370-00008657 tell that's a piece of wood and if I ZGyMLHm-eUI-00034-00008658-00008831 wanted to cut that say I wanted to cut ZGyMLHm-eUI-00035-00008832-00009124 that with a myself a bit of room here I ZGyMLHm-eUI-00036-00009125-00009274 want to cut that with what am I gonna ZGyMLHm-eUI-00037-00009275-00009494 cut it with I'm gonna cut it with an axe ZGyMLHm-eUI-00038-00009495-00009755 okay so what does an axe look like max ZGyMLHm-eUI-00039-00009756-00010241 looks like this okay there's the handle ZGyMLHm-eUI-00040-00010242-00010595 of the axe and what do you do right you ZGyMLHm-eUI-00041-00010596-00010934 guys pick that down and it's gonna it's ZGyMLHm-eUI-00042-00010935-00011324 gonna hit this wood like that okay you ZGyMLHm-eUI-00043-00011325-00011480 know if you've ever done that you might ZGyMLHm-eUI-00044-00011481-00011938 know that what happens is the sharp edge ZGyMLHm-eUI-00045-00011939-00012467 of the axe hits the hits the surface of ZGyMLHm-eUI-00046-00012468-00012785 the wood okay and you know it creates a ZGyMLHm-eUI-00047-00012786-00012979 crack it pulls the wood fibers apart ZGyMLHm-eUI-00048-00012980-00013202 okay and that's what I'm trying to draw ZGyMLHm-eUI-00049-00013203-00013346 right here this is the surface of the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00050-00013347-00013997 where it's starting to crack and the the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00051-00013997-00014162 axe drives in there and it takes up some ZGyMLHm-eUI-00052-00014163-00014381 space and so what does it do well it it ZGyMLHm-eUI-00053-00014382-00014708 pushes here the axe itself if I were to ZGyMLHm-eUI-00054-00014709-00014897 draw the axe in same with the green ZGyMLHm-eUI-00055-00014897-00015146 color okay this is a green axe I'm not ZGyMLHm-eUI-00056-00015147-00015284 quite sure why but let's say it was a ZGyMLHm-eUI-00057-00015285-00015593 Korean axe well the green Attucks played ZGyMLHm-eUI-00058-00015594-00016069 has some volume here okay and so what's ZGyMLHm-eUI-00059-00016071-00016238 gonna happen is it's going to apply a ZGyMLHm-eUI-00060-00016238-00016616 force to the what and in fact it's going ZGyMLHm-eUI-00061-00016617-00016931 to compress the wood here this is the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00062-00016932-00017108 same as if you cut you know you cut a ZGyMLHm-eUI-00063-00017109-00017264 piece of cheese or firm tofu or ZGyMLHm-eUI-00064-00017265-00017465 something like that you know especially ZGyMLHm-eUI-00065-00017466-00017639 cheese if it's a bit sticky if you've ZGyMLHm-eUI-00066-00017640-00017819 got a really fat knife you kind of cut ZGyMLHm-eUI-00067-00017820-00018125 it sticks to the blade it pushes against ZGyMLHm-eUI-00068-00018126-00018326 it if you want to cut cheese with these ZGyMLHm-eUI-00069-00018327-00018635 you can use a thin wire and slice it ZGyMLHm-eUI-00070-00018636-00018788 right through there's no edge to drag ZGyMLHm-eUI-00071-00018789-00018977 against it so this blade here is ZGyMLHm-eUI-00072-00018978-00019472 compressing it's causing the the wood to ZGyMLHm-eUI-00073-00019473-00019688 be in compression but then what you also ZGyMLHm-eUI-00074-00019689-00020078 might know is that ahead of the blade so ZGyMLHm-eUI-00075-00020079-00020375 in fact even if the blade of the axe is ZGyMLHm-eUI-00076-00020376-00020569 right here where I've drawn it what ZGyMLHm-eUI-00077-00020570-00020735 you'll notice in the wood because the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00078-00020736-00020939 wood is being pressed apart and pulled ZGyMLHm-eUI-00079-00020940-00021239 apart by that there's a crack and the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00080-00021240-00021425 crack actually advances down into the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00081-00021426-00021458 wood ZGyMLHm-eUI-00082-00021459-00021815 ahead of the blade so that tells us in ZGyMLHm-eUI-00083-00021816-00022180 fact that the wood is being placed into ZGyMLHm-eUI-00084-00022181-00022511 tension okay and so now if we return to ZGyMLHm-eUI-00085-00022512-00022658 our dislocation the reason I went ZGyMLHm-eUI-00086-00022659-00022796 through that whole exercise with the axe ZGyMLHm-eUI-00087-00022797-00023027 is I want you to appreciate the residual ZGyMLHm-eUI-00088-00023028-00023219 stresses in the lattice due to this ZGyMLHm-eUI-00089-00023220-00023675 dislocation so these four atoms here and ZGyMLHm-eUI-00090-00023676-00023794 they're going in and out of the plate we ZGyMLHm-eUI-00091-00023795-00024485 often refer to it as has an extra half ZGyMLHm-eUI-00092-00024486-00025163 plane not a half sorry clean or neatly ZGyMLHm-eUI-00093-00025164-00025265 sorry about that ZGyMLHm-eUI-00094-00025266-00025535 half plane okay that's a half plane of ZGyMLHm-eUI-00095-00025536-00025684 atoms well what it does is it takes up ZGyMLHm-eUI-00096-00025685-00025852 some space and so I went ahead and I ZGyMLHm-eUI-00097-00025854-00026114 drew that in ahead of time so what will ZGyMLHm-eUI-00098-00026114-00026320 happen is it pushes the lattice apart ZGyMLHm-eUI-00099-00026322-00026537 like that it's pushing the lattice apart ZGyMLHm-eUI-00100-00026538-00026714 take up space and so these atoms down ZGyMLHm-eUI-00101-00026714-00026945 here are actually being pulled apart ZGyMLHm-eUI-00102-00026945-00027281 I don't really illustrate that entirely ZGyMLHm-eUI-00103-00027282-00027563 but the lattice is in tension then here ZGyMLHm-eUI-00104-00027564-00027731 they've been pulled apart and I think ZGyMLHm-eUI-00105-00027732-00027935 what you can see up above the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00106-00027936-00028148 dislocation is that these are all in ZGyMLHm-eUI-00107-00028149-00028276 compression ZGyMLHm-eUI-00108-00028277-00028544 okay so there's compressive stresses ZGyMLHm-eUI-00109-00028545-00028937 above the dislocation or above the tip ZGyMLHm-eUI-00110-00028938-00029089 of the dislocations and as we call this ZGyMLHm-eUI-00111-00029091-00029339 the dislocation line okay that's the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00112-00029339-00029642 dislocation line I'll give you that an ZGyMLHm-eUI-00113-00029643-00030080 orange color new terminology okay you ZGyMLHm-eUI-00114-00030081-00030929 know that's the dislocation line so ZGyMLHm-eUI-00115-00030930-00031088 above the dislocation line it's in ZGyMLHm-eUI-00116-00031089-00031348 compression below its in tension and ZGyMLHm-eUI-00117-00031349-00031604 also by identifying here that it's ZGyMLHm-eUI-00118-00031605-00031781 called the dislocation line you'll see ZGyMLHm-eUI-00119-00031782-00032012 why this is a linear imperfection so you ZGyMLHm-eUI-00120-00032013-00032168 see that blue circle I drew there it's ZGyMLHm-eUI-00121-00032169-00032348 almost like it's like a little tunnel ZGyMLHm-eUI-00122-00032349-00032492 there's a bit of extra volume in the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00123-00032493-00032795 lattice there of that that little circle ZGyMLHm-eUI-00124-00032796-00033047 there's an unsatisfied bond there seems ZGyMLHm-eUI-00125-00033048-00033248 to be we could call it a missing bond ZGyMLHm-eUI-00126-00033249-00033580 there isn't there all right so if you ZGyMLHm-eUI-00127-00033581-00033851 drew this same image coming out of the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00128-00033852-00034064 page and going back down into the page ZGyMLHm-eUI-00129-00034065-00034349 you'd find that there was this row of ZGyMLHm-eUI-00130-00034350-00034586 missing bonds and that defines the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00131-00034587-00034775 linear feature of a dislocation that's ZGyMLHm-eUI-00132-00034776-00035048 why it's a linear imperfection now this ZGyMLHm-eUI-00133-00035049-00035363 is actually specifically called an edge ZGyMLHm-eUI-00134-00035364-00035654 dislocation okay to be completely clear ZGyMLHm-eUI-00135-00035655-00035873 this is called the edge dislocation I ZGyMLHm-eUI-00136-00035874-00036146 think it's the best one for illustrating ZGyMLHm-eUI-00137-00036147-00036290 the movement of a dislocation and the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00138-00036291-00036509 stresses in the lattice all that stored ZGyMLHm-eUI-00139-00036510-00036701 strain energy but there are other types ZGyMLHm-eUI-00140-00036702-00036956 of dislocations is a screw and a mixed ZGyMLHm-eUI-00141-00036957-00037295 dislocation and those they have a little ZGyMLHm-eUI-00142-00037296-00037397 different structure but they allow the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00143-00037398-00037565 dislocation to weave itself around ZGyMLHm-eUI-00144-00037566-00037784 through a crystal so dislocations are ZGyMLHm-eUI-00145-00037785-00038207 present in a huge huge quantity in ZGyMLHm-eUI-00146-00038208-00038525 materials and in fact the dislocation ZGyMLHm-eUI-00147-00038526-00038804 density just to give you a sense for ZGyMLHm-eUI-00148-00038805-00039145 just how many of these things there are ZGyMLHm-eUI-00149-00039146-00039486 if we take a ZGyMLHm-eUI-00150-00039487-00039916 one millimetre square little piece tiny ZGyMLHm-eUI-00151-00039917-00040174 little piece of a metal we can have a ZGyMLHm-eUI-00152-00040175-00040516 range anywhere from about ten to the ZGyMLHm-eUI-00153-00040517-00040786 four dislocations per square millimeter ZGyMLHm-eUI-00154-00040787-00041058 up to on the high end ten to the ten ZGyMLHm-eUI-00155-00041059-00041395 dislocations per square millimeter on ZGyMLHm-eUI-00156-00041396-00041560 the high end that will be something ZGyMLHm-eUI-00157-00041561-00042025 that's heavily deformed really lots of ZGyMLHm-eUI-00158-00042026-00042505 plastic deformation okay and on the low ZGyMLHm-eUI-00159-00042506-00042777 end this would be something that's been ZGyMLHm-eUI-00160-00042778-00043063 generally treated in the furnace for a ZGyMLHm-eUI-00161-00043064-00043321 long period of time a meal I think ZGyMLHm-eUI-00162-00043322-00043684 there's one out in yield anyway it's ZGyMLHm-eUI-00163-00043685-00043960 been a meal to relieve some of that ZGyMLHm-eUI-00164-00043961-00044155 store strain energy gain those are ZGyMLHm-eUI-00165-00044156-00044272 concepts we can address a little bit ZGyMLHm-eUI-00166-00044273-00044401 later but what I want you to appreciate ZGyMLHm-eUI-00167-00044402-00044593 is how many there are there's a huge ZGyMLHm-eUI-00168-00044594-00044821 huge number of these dislocations inside ZGyMLHm-eUI-00169-00044822-00045232 any piece of metal alright thanks ZJpgTrc-LFc-00000-00000121-00000447 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00001-00000448-00000719 just like the street lights lit this ZJpgTrc-LFc-00002-00000720-00002151 time like a fire in a place ZJpgTrc-LFc-00003-00002152-00003790 is ZJpgTrc-LFc-00004-00003792-00004806 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00005-00004807-00005129 oh ZJpgTrc-LFc-00006-00005130-00007537 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00007-00007538-00008359 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00008-00008360-00008781 is ZJpgTrc-LFc-00009-00008782-00009871 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00010-00009872-00010422 no ZJpgTrc-LFc-00011-00010423-00011046 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00012-00011047-00011303 just like the sunrise ZJpgTrc-LFc-00013-00011304-00012042 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00014-00012043-00012359 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00015-00012360-00013055 just ZJpgTrc-LFc-00016-00013056-00013379 wow ZJpgTrc-LFc-00017-00013380-00014287 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00018-00014288-00014519 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00019-00014519-00015788 so ZJpgTrc-LFc-00020-00015790-00016537 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00021-00016538-00017485 [Music] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00022-00017486-00017871 [Applause] ZJpgTrc-LFc-00023-00017872-00018080 you ZNIwoKrIHAy-00000-00000079-00000327 hello and welcome on qbmx presentation i ZNIwoKrIHAy-00001-00000328-00000447 would like to present you clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00002-00000448-00000862 configuration feature ZNIwoKrIHAy-00003-00000863-00001070 before we start let me explain few ZNIwoKrIHAy-00004-00001071-00001383 abbreviation news in this presentation ZNIwoKrIHAy-00005-00001384-00001734 rcc reset clock configuration ZNIwoKrIHAy-00006-00001735-00002134 hsi high speed internal oscillator ZNIwoKrIHAy-00007-00002135-00002495 hse high speed external oscillator ZNIwoKrIHAy-00008-00002496-00002847 lse low speed external oscillator ZNIwoKrIHAy-00009-00002848-00003158 css clock security system ZNIwoKrIHAy-00010-00003159-00003263 pll ZNIwoKrIHAy-00011-00003264-00003463 phase locked loop ZNIwoKrIHAy-00012-00003464-00003622 and mco ZNIwoKrIHAy-00013-00003623-00003990 microcontroller clock output ZNIwoKrIHAy-00014-00003992-00004222 stem certificate is very complex domain ZNIwoKrIHAy-00015-00004223-00004463 with lot of possibilities as you can see ZNIwoKrIHAy-00016-00004464-00004575 in the picture there's many ZNIwoKrIHAy-00017-00004576-00004838 configuration options and rcc peripheral ZNIwoKrIHAy-00018-00004839-00005022 has many registers ZNIwoKrIHAy-00019-00005023-00005286 additionally all configuration values ZNIwoKrIHAy-00020-00005287-00005447 must be in line with datasheets of the ZNIwoKrIHAy-00021-00005448-00005679 device ZNIwoKrIHAy-00022-00005680-00005854 advantage is that you have a lot of ZNIwoKrIHAy-00023-00005855-00006111 possibilities how to set clock tree but ZNIwoKrIHAy-00024-00006112-00006446 you must know all details behind ZNIwoKrIHAy-00025-00006447-00006687 basically you must study documentation ZNIwoKrIHAy-00026-00006688-00006863 deeply before you can implement a ZNIwoKrIHAy-00027-00006864-00007103 configuration ZNIwoKrIHAy-00028-00007104-00007287 because of that sd implement clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00029-00007288-00007495 configuration tool which is part of cuba ZNIwoKrIHAy-00030-00007495-00007598 mx ZNIwoKrIHAy-00031-00007600-00007823 it is graphical tool which helps to set ZNIwoKrIHAy-00032-00007823-00008039 clock configuration more easily without ZNIwoKrIHAy-00033-00008040-00008455 any knowledge of rcc parameters ZNIwoKrIHAy-00034-00008456-00008703 here we can see cuba mx configuration ZNIwoKrIHAy-00035-00008704-00009046 tab of stamp32 f0 device ZNIwoKrIHAy-00036-00009047-00009342 f0 clock 3 is quite basic but some ZNIwoKrIHAy-00037-00009343-00009574 devices are more complex ZNIwoKrIHAy-00038-00009575-00009767 clock 3 is composed from these main ZNIwoKrIHAy-00039-00009768-00009895 parts ZNIwoKrIHAy-00040-00009896-00010231 external parts dedicated to mcu pinot it ZNIwoKrIHAy-00041-00010232-00010559 is either external clock sources uses a ZNIwoKrIHAy-00042-00010560-00010695 input ZNIwoKrIHAy-00043-00010696-00010783 or ZNIwoKrIHAy-00044-00010784-00011023 a stamp32 device can generate clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00045-00011024-00011359 output on mcu pen ZNIwoKrIHAy-00046-00011360-00011559 then there are internal clock sources ZNIwoKrIHAy-00047-00011560-00012055 available in stam32 silicon ZNIwoKrIHAy-00048-00012056-00012303 then there is multiplexers and dividers ZNIwoKrIHAy-00049-00012304-00012735 used for frequency tuning ZNIwoKrIHAy-00050-00012736-00012951 and finally internal frequencies used ZNIwoKrIHAy-00051-00012952-00013519 for core and peripherals ZNIwoKrIHAy-00052-00013519-00013751 as mentioned stem32 device can use ZNIwoKrIHAy-00053-00013752-00014079 external oscillators as a clock source ZNIwoKrIHAy-00054-00014080-00014351 hsi high speed external oscillator is ZNIwoKrIHAy-00055-00014352-00014527 used to generate very accurate clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00056-00014528-00014766 source for the application ZNIwoKrIHAy-00057-00014768-00015079 lse low speed external oscillator has ZNIwoKrIHAy-00058-00015080-00015303 the advantage of providing a low power ZNIwoKrIHAy-00059-00015304-00015527 but highly accurate clock source to the ZNIwoKrIHAy-00060-00015528-00015799 real-time clock peripheral or other ZNIwoKrIHAy-00061-00015800-00016038 timing functions ZNIwoKrIHAy-00062-00016040-00016255 it is also possible to bypass external ZNIwoKrIHAy-00063-00016256-00016479 oscillators by providing precise clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00064-00016480-00016663 source ZNIwoKrIHAy-00065-00016664-00016775 for that ZNIwoKrIHAy-00066-00016776-00016975 there is a possibility to select bypass ZNIwoKrIHAy-00067-00016976-00017335 in rcc configuration ZNIwoKrIHAy-00068-00017336-00017558 if you would like to have a look how to ZNIwoKrIHAy-00069-00017559-00017839 design oscillator circuit properly you ZNIwoKrIHAy-00070-00017840-00018143 can have a look to our application node ZNIwoKrIHAy-00071-00018144-00018519 an286 ZNIwoKrIHAy-00072-00018520-00018791 oscillator design guide ZNIwoKrIHAy-00073-00018792-00018958 in the clock configuration we can see ZNIwoKrIHAy-00074-00018959-00019271 that input frequency of lse and hse is ZNIwoKrIHAy-00075-00019272-00019535 gray it means that it is disabled in ZNIwoKrIHAy-00076-00019536-00019663 cuba mx ZNIwoKrIHAy-00077-00019664-00019799 we have to go to pinout and ZNIwoKrIHAy-00078-00019800-00020014 configuration tab ZNIwoKrIHAy-00079-00020015-00020199 and rcc domain ZNIwoKrIHAy-00080-00020200-00020694 here we can enable lse or hse resonators ZNIwoKrIHAy-00081-00020695-00020943 after enabling we can see that it takes ZNIwoKrIHAy-00082-00020944-00021278 few pins on the pin out if we go back to ZNIwoKrIHAy-00083-00021279-00021494 clock configuration we can see that it ZNIwoKrIHAy-00084-00021495-00021727 is enabled now ZNIwoKrIHAy-00085-00021728-00021943 and we can also ZNIwoKrIHAy-00086-00021944-00022222 select the input frequency of hse ZNIwoKrIHAy-00087-00022223-00022391 resonator ZNIwoKrIHAy-00088-00022392-00022558 for example ZNIwoKrIHAy-00089-00022559-00022758 megahertz ZNIwoKrIHAy-00090-00022759-00023078 next parts of clock 3 are multiplexers ZNIwoKrIHAy-00091-00023079-00023350 css and pll ZNIwoKrIHAy-00092-00023351-00023542 clock configuration has several ZNIwoKrIHAy-00093-00023543-00023678 multiplexers ZNIwoKrIHAy-00094-00023679-00023894 it give us a possibility to select vario ZNIwoKrIHAy-00095-00023895-00024271 clock sources to drive the system clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00096-00024272-00024519 then there is a css option ZNIwoKrIHAy-00097-00024520-00024783 what does clock security system do ZNIwoKrIHAy-00098-00024784-00025094 it checks whether hsc oscillators ZNIwoKrIHAy-00099-00025095-00025422 operates properly if not clock failure ZNIwoKrIHAy-00100-00025423-00025678 event is sent to the break input of the ZNIwoKrIHAy-00101-00025679-00025846 timers ZNIwoKrIHAy-00102-00025847-00026143 and an interrupt is generated to inform ZNIwoKrIHAy-00103-00026144-00026495 the software above the failure allowing ZNIwoKrIHAy-00104-00026495-00026862 the mcu to perform rescue operations ZNIwoKrIHAy-00105-00026863-00027055 last part is pll ZNIwoKrIHAy-00106-00027056-00027270 which is used to multiply the ZNIwoKrIHAy-00107-00027272-00027783 hsi or hse input clock frequency ZNIwoKrIHAy-00108-00027783-00028039 multiplexers npl is fully configurable ZNIwoKrIHAy-00109-00028039-00028223 in cloud configuration ZNIwoKrIHAy-00110-00028224-00028414 for example here we can select the clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00111-00028416-00028767 source for the system clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00112-00028768-00029151 here we can choose from hsi hse or pll ZNIwoKrIHAy-00113-00029152-00029423 we select pll ZNIwoKrIHAy-00114-00029424-00029758 we can see that the input is still hsi ZNIwoKrIHAy-00115-00029760-00030062 and we have to switch to hse ZNIwoKrIHAy-00116-00030063-00030335 if we select to hse the pl is ZNIwoKrIHAy-00117-00030336-00030590 multiplying the input ZNIwoKrIHAy-00118-00030591-00030814 and the output frequency is too high so ZNIwoKrIHAy-00119-00030816-00031151 we have to reduce the multiplexing ZNIwoKrIHAy-00120-00031152-00031455 now we have a right configuration of ZNIwoKrIHAy-00121-00031456-00031679 the clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00122-00031680-00031879 a stamp strategic cube mx tool has ZNIwoKrIHAy-00123-00031880-00032039 several features ZNIwoKrIHAy-00124-00032039-00032167 which can help with the clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00125-00032168-00032367 configuration ZNIwoKrIHAy-00126-00032368-00032879 it shows warnings if something is wrong ZNIwoKrIHAy-00127-00032880-00032999 it has ZNIwoKrIHAy-00128-00033000-00033255 a resolve clock issues function which ZNIwoKrIHAy-00129-00033256-00033495 can automatically resolve recognize ZNIwoKrIHAy-00130-00033496-00033871 issues ZNIwoKrIHAy-00131-00033872-00034135 then it is auto computation feature you ZNIwoKrIHAy-00132-00034136-00034462 can write your required value to the box ZNIwoKrIHAy-00133-00034463-00034655 and press enter and cuba mx will ZNIwoKrIHAy-00134-00034656-00034895 automatically find a solution for you ZNIwoKrIHAy-00135-00034896-00035223 and calculate your required frequency ZNIwoKrIHAy-00136-00035224-00035462 at the future is a lock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00137-00035463-00035679 it is possibility to lock value in the ZNIwoKrIHAy-00138-00035680-00035943 box if you change configuration which ZNIwoKrIHAy-00139-00035944-00036199 would directly impact locked value qmx ZNIwoKrIHAy-00140-00036200-00036502 trigger warning message ZNIwoKrIHAy-00141-00036503-00036687 now let's have a look directly to cuba ZNIwoKrIHAy-00142-00036688-00037143 mx how the features work ZNIwoKrIHAy-00143-00037144-00037367 for example if we select higher number ZNIwoKrIHAy-00144-00037368-00037527 of pll ZNIwoKrIHAy-00145-00037528-00037807 here we can see warning of the system ZNIwoKrIHAy-00146-00037808-00037927 it gives you ZNIwoKrIHAy-00147-00037928-00038287 a message which value is wrong ZNIwoKrIHAy-00148-00038288-00038430 we can either ZNIwoKrIHAy-00149-00038431-00038615 resolve it manually ZNIwoKrIHAy-00150-00038616-00038830 by selecting different number ZNIwoKrIHAy-00151-00038831-00039283 or we can click to button resolve clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00152-00039284-00039527 issues which automatically find a ZNIwoKrIHAy-00153-00039528-00039767 solution ZNIwoKrIHAy-00154-00039768-00040135 another feature is auto computation ZNIwoKrIHAy-00155-00040136-00040487 for example here if we write right here ZNIwoKrIHAy-00156-00040488-00040943 24 megahertz and click enter ZNIwoKrIHAy-00157-00040944-00041246 cuba mx automatically find a solution ZNIwoKrIHAy-00158-00041247-00041623 and put the value here ZNIwoKrIHAy-00159-00041624-00041799 and the lock mechanism ZNIwoKrIHAy-00160-00041800-00041983 is that we can ZNIwoKrIHAy-00161-00041984-00042343 right click to the value and click lock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00162-00042344-00042511 now we can see it is not possible to ZNIwoKrIHAy-00163-00042512-00042655 change it ZNIwoKrIHAy-00164-00042656-00042895 if we would change some setting ZNIwoKrIHAy-00165-00042896-00043135 which would impact this value for ZNIwoKrIHAy-00166-00043136-00043367 example here ZNIwoKrIHAy-00167-00043368-00043695 we will get a message that something is ZNIwoKrIHAy-00168-00043696-00044279 wrong ZNIwoKrIHAy-00169-00044280-00044487 stem certitude device can generate clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00170-00044488-00044767 signal to one of external pain ZNIwoKrIHAy-00171-00044768-00044983 it is called ZNIwoKrIHAy-00172-00044984-00045223 if you enable this feature in rcc cloud ZNIwoKrIHAy-00173-00045224-00045367 configuration ZNIwoKrIHAy-00174-00045368-00045639 it will take one pin from pin out and ZNIwoKrIHAy-00175-00045640-00045990 enable mcu clock selection in clock 3 ZNIwoKrIHAy-00176-00045991-00046246 where you can select source of megahertz ZNIwoKrIHAy-00177-00046247-00046527 generated on the pin ZNIwoKrIHAy-00178-00046528-00046767 at the end of each tree line there is a ZNIwoKrIHAy-00179-00046768-00046990 frequency used by peripheral ZNIwoKrIHAy-00180-00046991-00047183 clock 3 is different device by device ZNIwoKrIHAy-00181-00047184-00047599 here is an example of a stamp32f0 device ZNIwoKrIHAy-00182-00047600-00047743 as you can see there is a clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00183-00047744-00048086 frequency for core dma hab bus systick ZNIwoKrIHAy-00184-00048087-00048215 frequency ZNIwoKrIHAy-00185-00048216-00048430 frequency for peripherals available on ZNIwoKrIHAy-00186-00048431-00048607 8pv bus ZNIwoKrIHAy-00187-00048608-00048855 and the grade one it is for user it is ZNIwoKrIHAy-00188-00048856-00049190 not enabled in cuba mx so for this it is ZNIwoKrIHAy-00189-00049191-00049286 gray ZNIwoKrIHAy-00190-00049287-00049423 some devices ZNIwoKrIHAy-00191-00049424-00049574 has a dual core ZNIwoKrIHAy-00192-00049575-00049751 the difference between single and dual ZNIwoKrIHAy-00193-00049752-00050055 core is that clock 3 has one additional ZNIwoKrIHAy-00194-00050056-00050215 cpu frequency ZNIwoKrIHAy-00195-00050216-00050423 as you can see here in the picture there ZNIwoKrIHAy-00196-00050424-00050839 is recursive for cpu 1 and cpu 2. ZNIwoKrIHAy-00197-00050840-00051118 and additionally some stem32 devices ZNIwoKrIHAy-00198-00051119-00051358 have truss zone feature this based on ZNIwoKrIHAy-00199-00051359-00051566 cortex m33 ZNIwoKrIHAy-00200-00051567-00051799 the rcc is able to protect register bit ZNIwoKrIHAy-00201-00051800-00052063 field from being modified by non-secure ZNIwoKrIHAy-00202-00052064-00052335 and unprivileged accessed as you can see ZNIwoKrIHAy-00203-00052336-00052663 in picture there is a key mark ZNIwoKrIHAy-00204-00052664-00053071 parameters mark as key can be protected ZNIwoKrIHAy-00205-00053072-00053311 at the end if everything is set ZNIwoKrIHAy-00206-00053312-00053535 you can generate a code from cuba mx ZNIwoKrIHAy-00207-00053536-00053871 qbmx generates a configuration to main.c ZNIwoKrIHAy-00208-00053872-00054047 file and it is called in ZNIwoKrIHAy-00209-00054048-00054199 main function ZNIwoKrIHAy-00210-00054200-00054375 if you execute systemclockconfig ZNIwoKrIHAy-00211-00054376-00054638 function our library sets all clock ZNIwoKrIHAy-00212-00054639-00054847 parameters are selected in cuba mx ZNIwoKrIHAy-00213-00054848-00054999 project ZNIwoKrIHAy-00214-00055000-00055372 thank you for attention ZPJdulo9X5y-00000-00000038-00000326 candle action Nature Reserve Russian ZPJdulo9X5y-00001-00000327-00000584 candle asks kids apathetic also candle ZPJdulo9X5y-00002-00000585-00000848 acts key is a Russian Zappa Vedic strict ZPJdulo9X5y-00003-00000849-00001082 ecological reserve on the south shore of ZPJdulo9X5y-00004-00001083-00001307 Kandalaksha Bay in the Murmansk and ZPJdulo9X5y-00005-00001308-00001535 Corellia regions on the opening to the ZPJdulo9X5y-00006-00001536-00001880 wide sea the reserve also includes two ZPJdulo9X5y-00007-00001880-00002099 small sectors on the northern coast of ZPJdulo9X5y-00008-00002100-00002300 the Kola Peninsula on the Barents Sea ZPJdulo9X5y-00009-00002301-00002584 notably the warm Atlantic current causes ZPJdulo9X5y-00010-00002585-00002785 the northern sectors on the Barents Sea ZPJdulo9X5y-00011-00002786-00002977 to be warmer than the more southerly ZPJdulo9X5y-00012-00002978-00003431 white sea sectors over 550 Islands are ZPJdulo9X5y-00013-00003432-00003620 covered in the boundaries of the reserve ZPJdulo9X5y-00014-00003621-00003926 it is one of the oldest nature reserves ZPJdulo9X5y-00015-00003927-00004292 in Russia created in 1932 to protect the ZPJdulo9X5y-00016-00004293-00004504 marine habitats and waterfowl of the ZPJdulo9X5y-00017-00004505-00004688 region particularly the IDA ZPJdulo9X5y-00018-00004689-00004991 the reserve is situated in the candle ZPJdulo9X5y-00019-00004992-00005227 access key district Kolski district and ZPJdulo9X5y-00020-00005228-00005506 Lavazza ski district of Murmansk Oblast ZPJdulo9X5y-00021-00005507-00005786 the nearest city Kandalaksha ZPJdulo9X5y-00022-00005787-00005981 is at the Northwest entrance to the ZPJdulo9X5y-00023-00005982-00006263 Kandalaksha Gulf about 5 kilometres from ZPJdulo9X5y-00024-00006264-00006606 the nearest point in the reserve since ZPJdulo9X5y-00025-00006608-00006908 1976 the reserve has been part of the ZPJdulo9X5y-00026-00006909-00007142 Ramsar wetland site of international ZPJdulo9X5y-00027-00007143-00007546 importance Candle action a it covers an ZPJdulo9X5y-00028-00007547-00007895 area of 70,000 530 hectares ZPJdulo9X5y-00029-00007895-00008117 two hundred and seventy two point three ZPJdulo9X5y-00030-00008118-00009308 square miles topic topography the ZPJdulo9X5y-00031-00009309-00009517 dominant topography is sea island ZPJdulo9X5y-00032-00009518-00009716 archipelago with surrounding marine ZPJdulo9X5y-00033-00009717-00010067 areas and adjacent coastal zones the ZPJdulo9X5y-00034-00010068-00010285 Kandalaksha bay portion of the reserve ZPJdulo9X5y-00035-00010286-00010556 covers a significant shoreside area and ZPJdulo9X5y-00036-00010557-00010751 numerous islands along the southern ZPJdulo9X5y-00037-00010752-00011066 coast some of the islands are forested ZPJdulo9X5y-00038-00011067-00011312 others are scurries small rounded rocks ZPJdulo9X5y-00039-00011313-00011614 without vegetation the terrain is ZPJdulo9X5y-00040-00011615-00011828 coastal island tiger in the southern ZPJdulo9X5y-00041-00011829-00012095 sector the Barents Sea sectors to the ZPJdulo9X5y-00042-00012096-00012478 north are mostly coastal Tundra 74% of ZPJdulo9X5y-00043-00012479-00012713 the reserve is marine the remainder is ZPJdulo9X5y-00044-00012714-00013280 terrestrial ZPJdulo9X5y-00045-00013281-00014001 topic climate and ecoregion Kandalaksha ZPJdulo9X5y-00046-00014002-00014244 is located in the scandinavian and ZPJdulo9X5y-00047-00014244-00014463 russian tiger eco region which is ZPJdulo9X5y-00048-00014463-00014663 situated in northern europe between ZPJdulo9X5y-00049-00014665-00014891 tundra in the north and temperate mixed ZPJdulo9X5y-00050-00014893-00015216 forests in the South it is covers parts ZPJdulo9X5y-00051-00015216-00015444 of Norway Sweden Finland and the ZPJdulo9X5y-00052-00015444-00015666 northern part of European Russia being ZPJdulo9X5y-00053-00015666-00015930 the largest eco region in Europe the Eco ZPJdulo9X5y-00054-00015931-00016143 region is characterized by coniferous ZPJdulo9X5y-00055-00016144-00016431 forests dominated by Pinus sylvestris in ZPJdulo9X5y-00056-00016432-00016689 dry locations often with an understory ZPJdulo9X5y-00057-00016690-00016950 of Juniperus communis pasilla Abbey's ZPJdulo9X5y-00058-00016951-00017199 and pasilla obovata and a significant ZPJdulo9X5y-00059-00017200-00017409 admits Chur of batula pubescens and ZPJdulo9X5y-00060-00017410-00017721 Petula pendula larix sibirica is ZPJdulo9X5y-00061-00017722-00017934 characteristic of the eastern part of ZPJdulo9X5y-00062-00017935-00018168 the ecoregion the climate of Kandalaksha ZPJdulo9X5y-00063-00018169-00018402 is humid continental climate ZPJdulo9X5y-00064-00018403-00018549 cool summer köppen climate ZPJdulo9X5y-00065-00018550-00018936 classification DFC this climate is ZPJdulo9X5y-00066-00018937-00019176 characterized by long cold winters and ZPJdulo9X5y-00067-00019177-00019557 short cool summers the region has milder ZPJdulo9X5y-00068-00019558-00019740 weather than other areas north of the ZPJdulo9X5y-00069-00019741-00020007 Arctic Circle as the Murmansk region is ZPJdulo9X5y-00070-00020008-00020205 warmed by the North Cape Branch of the ZPJdulo9X5y-00071-00020206-00021444 Gulf Stream topic flora and fauna candle ZPJdulo9X5y-00072-00021445-00021687 a ski is known for its tiger and Tundra ZPJdulo9X5y-00073-00021688-00022044 floral communities over 700 species of ZPJdulo9X5y-00074-00022045-00022290 vascular plants and 400 species of ZPJdulo9X5y-00075-00022291-00022560 bryophytes liverworts and leafy mosses ZPJdulo9X5y-00076-00022561-00022887 have been recorded biodiversity is ZPJdulo9X5y-00077-00022888-00023097 higher at the Barents Sea site than the ZPJdulo9X5y-00078-00023098-00023331 upper Kandalaksha mostly due to long ZPJdulo9X5y-00079-00023332-00023562 periods of ice cover and lower salinity ZPJdulo9X5y-00080-00023563-00023910 at the southern location but the biomass ZPJdulo9X5y-00081-00023911-00024111 of algae and invertebrates is much ZPJdulo9X5y-00082-00024112-00024183 higher ZPJdulo9X5y-00083-00024184-00024428 typical trees are pine and spruce ZPJdulo9X5y-00084-00024429-00024711 lichens interdependent communities of ZPJdulo9X5y-00085-00024712-00024947 algae and fungi cover the coastal rocks ZPJdulo9X5y-00086-00024948-00025308 and shores the Kandalaksha reserve is ZPJdulo9X5y-00087-00025309-00025512 the main breeding ground in Russia for ZPJdulo9X5y-00088-00025513-00025694 the Atlantic and large crested ZPJdulo9X5y-00089-00025695-00025905 cormorants and for the Atlantic grey ZPJdulo9X5y-00090-00025906-00026235 seal beluga is the most famous among ZPJdulo9X5y-00091-00026236-00026504 cetaceans while other species such as ZPJdulo9X5y-00092-00026505-00026804 porpoises whales bowhead humpback roar ZPJdulo9X5y-00093-00026805-00027046 calls northern bottlenose orcas less ZPJdulo9X5y-00094-00027047-00027346 frequently appear also almost all common ZPJdulo9X5y-00095-00027347-00027565 Eider in the Murmansk region breed in ZPJdulo9X5y-00096-00027566-00027874 the reserve the sea Ducks prefer to nest ZPJdulo9X5y-00097-00027875-00028174 on treeless islands high numbers of fish ZPJdulo9X5y-00098-00028175-00028433 particularly cod haddock and lumpfish ZPJdulo9X5y-00099-00028433-00028693 are a draw for the waterfowl ZPJdulo9X5y-00100-00028694-00028907 characteristic mammals of the reserve ZPJdulo9X5y-00101-00028908-00029195 include moose brown bear fox hare ZPJdulo9X5y-00102-00029195-00029561 squirrel Marten and ermine common birds ZPJdulo9X5y-00103-00029562-00029852 include black grouse ptarmigan Kestrel ZPJdulo9X5y-00104-00029852-00030457 and large Al's ZPJdulo9X5y-00105-00030458-00031183 topic eco education and access as a ZPJdulo9X5y-00106-00031184-00031411 strict nature reserve the Kandalaksha ZPJdulo9X5y-00107-00031412-00031673 reserve is mostly closed to the general ZPJdulo9X5y-00108-00031674-00031886 public although scientists and those ZPJdulo9X5y-00109-00031887-00032143 with environmental education purposes ZPJdulo9X5y-00110-00032144-00032320 can make arrangements with park ZPJdulo9X5y-00111-00032321-00032624 management for visits there are a number ZPJdulo9X5y-00112-00032625-00032843 of eco tourist routes in the reserve ZPJdulo9X5y-00113-00032844-00033043 however that are open to the public ZPJdulo9X5y-00114-00033044-00033439 primarily in May to October permits must ZPJdulo9X5y-00115-00033440-00033737 be obtained in advance the reserve has a ZPJdulo9X5y-00116-00033738-00034090 number of buffer zones outside the ZPJdulo9X5y-00117-00034091-00034337 official borders where recreational fly ZPJdulo9X5y-00118-00034338-00034523 fishing and primitive camping are ZPJdulo9X5y-00119-00034524-00034787 permitted the southern sectors on the ZPJdulo9X5y-00120-00034788-00034993 bay are in candle access key district ZPJdulo9X5y-00121-00034994-00035233 the Barents Sea sectors are in coal ski ZPJdulo9X5y-00122-00035234-00035458 district and love Ozersky district of ZPJdulo9X5y-00123-00035459-00035789 Murmansk Oblast the main office is in ZPJdulo9X5y-00124-00035790-00036940 the city of Kandalaksha topic see also ZPJdulo9X5y-00125-00036941-00037234 list of Russian nature reserves class 1 ZPJdulo9X5y-00126-00037235-00037570 aids our poetics national parks of ZPJdulo9X5y-00127-00037571-00037801 Russia ZQVLrE57pnU-00000-00000032-00000351 cauliflower tuna curry casserole ZQVLrE57pnU-00001-00000352-00000599 eat delicious and lose weight with chef ZQVLrE57pnU-00002-00000600-00000719 pachi ZQVLrE57pnU-00003-00000720-00000871 so let's begin by cutting our ZQVLrE57pnU-00004-00000872-00001039 cauliflower and i'm going to cut it in ZQVLrE57pnU-00005-00001040-00001287 half and then i'm going to slice it ZQVLrE57pnU-00006-00001288-00001550 this is going to have flat edges that ZQVLrE57pnU-00007-00001551-00001759 are gonna rest on the baking pan ZQVLrE57pnU-00008-00001760-00002063 and it's gonna make it cook faster and ZQVLrE57pnU-00009-00002064-00002207 it's gonna make it cook ZQVLrE57pnU-00010-00002208-00002518 with a little bit of extra flavor from ZQVLrE57pnU-00011-00002519-00002655 the drippings that it ZQVLrE57pnU-00012-00002656-00002966 itself creates while baking now we're ZQVLrE57pnU-00013-00002967-00002999 gonna ZQVLrE57pnU-00014-00003000-00003303 make our mix we have some ginger ZQVLrE57pnU-00015-00003304-00003503 some garlic and i'm showing you some of ZQVLrE57pnU-00016-00003504-00003703 the frozen ones that i've taught you how ZQVLrE57pnU-00017-00003704-00003767 to make ZQVLrE57pnU-00018-00003768-00004143 our curry powder maple syrup ZQVLrE57pnU-00019-00004144-00004551 and coconut milk ZQVLrE57pnU-00020-00004552-00004854 a sliced onion and we mix ZQVLrE57pnU-00021-00004855-00005047 you could add your tuna here but i'm ZQVLrE57pnU-00022-00005048-00005327 gonna add it afterwards so that it keeps ZQVLrE57pnU-00023-00005328-00005615 more of its shape a little bit of salt ZQVLrE57pnU-00024-00005616-00005815 and pepper remember we're adding salt ZQVLrE57pnU-00025-00005816-00005975 and pepper enough ZQVLrE57pnU-00026-00005976-00006302 for our onions and for our ZQVLrE57pnU-00027-00006303-00006727 cauliflower some almond milk now ZQVLrE57pnU-00028-00006728-00006975 and we're gonna place our broccoli ZQVLrE57pnU-00029-00006976-00007046 slices ZQVLrE57pnU-00030-00007047-00007383 onto an oiled baking pan ZQVLrE57pnU-00031-00007384-00007631 add some delicious olive oil because ZQVLrE57pnU-00032-00007631-00007895 it's gonna give a delicious flavor ZQVLrE57pnU-00033-00007895-00008271 to all that flattened cut of cauliflower ZQVLrE57pnU-00034-00008272-00008599 now all we have to do is add our tuna ZQVLrE57pnU-00035-00008600-00008910 and we're done this is a ZQVLrE57pnU-00036-00008911-00009319 great recipe delicious very easy to make ZQVLrE57pnU-00037-00009320-00009359 and ZQVLrE57pnU-00038-00009360-00009671 everyone's gonna love it at home because ZQVLrE57pnU-00039-00009672-00010663 it's super tasty with the curry ZQVLrE57pnU-00040-00010664-00010878 we're gonna cover some of that tuna with ZQVLrE57pnU-00041-00010879-00011063 the rest of the onion ZQVLrE57pnU-00042-00011064-00011423 and now we're gonna take it to the oven ZQVLrE57pnU-00043-00011424-00011670 a little bit of olive oil spray that i'm ZQVLrE57pnU-00044-00011671-00011799 adding on top ZQVLrE57pnU-00045-00011800-00012103 so that everything gets a light ZQVLrE57pnU-00046-00012104-00012383 golden color and flavor about top and ZQVLrE57pnU-00047-00012384-00012455 bottom ZQVLrE57pnU-00048-00012456-00012774 16 minutes later at 425 ZQVLrE57pnU-00049-00012775-00012999 check it out it's done and it's ZQVLrE57pnU-00050-00013000-00013663 beautiful ZQVLrE57pnU-00051-00013663-00013919 we're gonna add some slivered almonds ZQVLrE57pnU-00052-00013919-00014015 that i toasted ZQVLrE57pnU-00053-00014016-00014327 separately why because otherwise they ZQVLrE57pnU-00054-00014328-00014422 would burn ZQVLrE57pnU-00055-00014423-00014766 at 425 for 16 minutes ZQVLrE57pnU-00056-00014768-00015015 and some curry powder that i added check ZQVLrE57pnU-00057-00015016-00015199 it out it's beautiful ZQVLrE57pnU-00058-00015200-00015519 and check out the trick that i have ZQVLrE57pnU-00059-00015519-00015822 for making your curry powder even ZQVLrE57pnU-00060-00015823-00016183 more delicious than ever ZQVLrE57pnU-00061-00016184-00016415 place it like you see in a small baking ZQVLrE57pnU-00062-00016416-00016599 pan over medium-high heat ZQVLrE57pnU-00063-00016600-00016919 and wait until you see a little bit of ZQVLrE57pnU-00064-00016920-00016999 smoke coming ZQVLrE57pnU-00065-00017000-00017319 up and that aroma goes ZQVLrE57pnU-00066-00017320-00017519 all the way through the air in your ZQVLrE57pnU-00067-00017520-00017686 kitchen ZQVLrE57pnU-00068-00017687-00017879 that curry powder is the one that we ZQVLrE57pnU-00069-00017880-00017991 used before ZQVLrE57pnU-00070-00017992-00018279 and the one that we use right now ZQVLrE57pnU-00071-00018280-00018375 shapachi ZQVLrE57pnU-00072-00018376-00018879 delicious food amazing mood enjoy ZQVLrE57pnU-00073-00018880-00019359 chef pachi ZRC484Bvt24-00000-00000000-00000127 if you're trying to lose two pounds a ZRC484Bvt24-00001-00000128-00000407 week bmr minus how much you burn through ZRC484Bvt24-00002-00000408-00000519 exercise ZRC484Bvt24-00003-00000520-00000839 plus how much you eat equals negative a ZRC484Bvt24-00004-00000840-00001103 thousand this is all based off of your ZRC484Bvt24-00005-00001104-00001343 personal bmr bmr is just your base ZRC484Bvt24-00006-00001344-00001543 metabolic rate what you burn ZRC484Bvt24-00007-00001544-00001687 if you were sitting in bed all day so ZRC484Bvt24-00008-00001688-00001926 that's not including the exercise your ZRC484Bvt24-00009-00001927-00002175 bmr is custom to you so you can go on to ZRC484Bvt24-00010-00002176-00002383 i believe it's calculator.net you go ZRC484Bvt24-00011-00002384-00002639 your age so i'm 27. so i'm gonna do mine ZRC484Bvt24-00012-00002640-00002783 right now and then this is how you could ZRC484Bvt24-00013-00002784-00003066 do yours um 27 and this is ZRC484Bvt24-00014-00003067-00003343 calculator.net and it's the bmr i'm a ZRC484Bvt24-00015-00003344-00003767 male 510 weight 198. um i do know my ZRC484Bvt24-00016-00003768-00003943 body fat so i'll put that if you don't ZRC484Bvt24-00017-00003944-00004238 uh just go into the mifflin scent your ZRC484Bvt24-00018-00004239-00004391 you'll see that option just click that ZRC484Bvt24-00019-00004392-00004502 one if you do know your body fat ZRC484Bvt24-00020-00004503-00004719 percentage then you can do the catch ZRC484Bvt24-00021-00004720-00005102 mcardle uh test calculate so my bmr ZRC484Bvt24-00022-00005103-00005315 right now is ZRC484Bvt24-00023-00005316-00005683 2024. so i burn not including exercise ZRC484Bvt24-00024-00005684-00005847 2024 ZRC484Bvt24-00025-00005848-00006015 now it says right here and this will ZRC484Bvt24-00026-00006016-00006215 save for you as well uh whenever you put ZRC484Bvt24-00027-00006216-00006463 in your averages how much you burn when ZRC484Bvt24-00028-00006464-00006655 if you have sedentary lifestyle so ZRC484Bvt24-00029-00006656-00006883 little to no exercise ZRC484Bvt24-00030-00006884-00007151 2429 if i exercise one to three times a ZRC484Bvt24-00031-00007152-00007359 week two thousand seven hundred eighty ZRC484Bvt24-00032-00007359-00007623 three if i did daily exercise three ZRC484Bvt24-00033-00007623-00007798 thousand one hundred thirty eight which ZRC484Bvt24-00034-00007800-00007910 is what i do so i'm probably around ZRC484Bvt24-00035-00007911-00008127 three thousand one to thirty eight and a ZRC484Bvt24-00036-00008128-00008319 very intense exercise practicing in a ZRC484Bvt24-00037-00008320-00008446 sport and you have to go to school and ZRC484Bvt24-00038-00008447-00008607 you have like more than two things that ZRC484Bvt24-00039-00008608-00008751 you have to do it's just a physical ZRC484Bvt24-00040-00008752-00008914 activity and you're moving around ZRC484Bvt24-00041-00008915-00009223 3846 yours might be lower yours might be ZRC484Bvt24-00042-00009224-00009527 higher so what i'd recommend is figuring ZRC484Bvt24-00043-00009528-00009823 out what your specific bmr is once you ZRC484Bvt24-00044-00009824-00010095 find out what your specific bmr is from ZRC484Bvt24-00045-00010096-00010383 that number you can say how much can i ZRC484Bvt24-00046-00010384-00010671 eat today in order to hit my goal so let ZRC484Bvt24-00047-00010672-00010799 me give you guys a little equation right ZRC484Bvt24-00048-00010800-00010959 now your vmr ZRC484Bvt24-00049-00010960-00011183 plus or minus so it'd be like negative ZRC484Bvt24-00050-00011184-00011359 bmr because it's negative calories how ZRC484Bvt24-00051-00011360-00011535 much you're burning through exercise ZRC484Bvt24-00052-00011536-00011751 plus how much you eat ZRC484Bvt24-00053-00011752-00011863 equals ZRC484Bvt24-00054-00011864-00011967 negative ZRC484Bvt24-00055-00011968-00012151 whatever so if you're trying to lose a ZRC484Bvt24-00056-00012152-00012527 pound a week which is 3 500 calories you ZRC484Bvt24-00057-00012528-00012727 can go 3 500 calories because you have ZRC484Bvt24-00058-00012728-00013015 to be a deficit 3 500 divided by seven ZRC484Bvt24-00059-00013016-00013247 per week every day you'll be a 500 ZRC484Bvt24-00060-00013247-00013527 calorie deficit so bmr which is a ZRC484Bvt24-00061-00013528-00013727 negative number minus your exercise ZRC484Bvt24-00062-00013728-00014055 number plus what you eat has to equal ZRC484Bvt24-00063-00014056-00014327 negative 500 that's in order to lose a ZRC484Bvt24-00064-00014328-00014463 pound a week if you're trying to lose ZRC484Bvt24-00065-00014463-00014758 two pounds a week bmr minus how much you ZRC484Bvt24-00066-00014759-00014911 burn through exercise ZRC484Bvt24-00067-00014912-00015238 plus how much you eat equals negative a ZRC484Bvt24-00068-00015240-00015335 thousand ZRC484Bvt24-00069-00015336-00015558 and that will be two pounds per week so ZRC484Bvt24-00070-00015559-00015838 you it's all a math equation and the ZRC484Bvt24-00071-00015840-00015975 best way to ZRC484Bvt24-00072-00015976-00016150 get accurate results for that math ZRC484Bvt24-00073-00016151-00016391 equation is by tracking your numbers ZRC484Bvt24-00074-00016392-00016558 tracking how much you're burning that's ZRC484Bvt24-00075-00016559-00016703 why i'm always screenshotting how much ZRC484Bvt24-00076-00016704-00016863 i'm burning every day on my instagram if ZRC484Bvt24-00077-00016864-00017079 you're not following me coach malik but ZRC484Bvt24-00078-00017080-00017230 that is why because i'm able to see how ZRC484Bvt24-00079-00017231-00017430 much i'm eating in how much i'm eating ZRC484Bvt24-00080-00017431-00017775 out it says today i burned 3 000 so far ZRC484Bvt24-00081-00017776-00017983 on my watch because in my app we'll show ZRC484Bvt24-00082-00017984-00018191 this do you guys see it ZRC484Bvt24-00083-00018192-00018294 i don't know if you guys can see that ZRC484Bvt24-00084-00018295-00018479 but if you want to try my app i'll leave ZRC484Bvt24-00085-00018480-00018614 a link down in the description it's ZRC484Bvt24-00086-00018615-00018791 called mind body performance but there's ZRC484Bvt24-00087-00018792-00018894 a way that you can put in your apple ZRC484Bvt24-00088-00018895-00019007 watch where it shows you how much you ZRC484Bvt24-00089-00019008-00019207 eat in and then how much you burn and ZRC484Bvt24-00090-00019208-00019383 basically at the end of the day for me ZRC484Bvt24-00091-00019384-00019519 i'm not trying to lose lose weight i'm ZRC484Bvt24-00092-00019520-00019679 more trying to like kind of lean out and ZRC484Bvt24-00093-00019680-00019919 lose fat i'm around i want to be around ZRC484Bvt24-00094-00019920-00020191 five negative 500 to negative 1000 right ZRC484Bvt24-00095-00020192-00020367 here so i'm trying to lose about a pound ZRC484Bvt24-00096-00020368-00020535 or two pounds of fat every single week ZRC484Bvt24-00097-00020536-00020694 so i need to be at the end of the day ZRC484Bvt24-00098-00020695-00020863 negative one thousand that's the ZRC484Bvt24-00099-00020864-00021047 equation so that's how you can ZRC484Bvt24-00100-00021048-00021247 personalize it to you that's how you can ZRC484Bvt24-00101-00021248-00021414 personalize it to your goals and to your ZRC484Bvt24-00102-00021415-00021694 bmr remember be certain yourself and be ZRC484Bvt24-00103-00021695-00022607 consistent in your actions ZRC484Bvt24-00104-00022608-00022815 you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00000-00001301-00001817 one enemy ZYj1MifVl6Y-00001-00001818-00002063 and just the first one my ultimately one ZYj1MifVl6Y-00002-00002064-00002183 of ZYj1MifVl6Y-00003-00002184-00002597 them ZYj1MifVl6Y-00004-00002598-00003695 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00005-00003696-00004541 last player standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00006-00004542-00004793 one enemy remains ZYj1MifVl6Y-00007-00004794-00006496 ten seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00008-00006497-00006856 [__] problems ZYj1MifVl6Y-00009-00006858-00008167 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00010-00008168-00009281 player standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00011-00009282-00011123 spatula ZYj1MifVl6Y-00012-00011124-00011656 spicy planted ZYj1MifVl6Y-00013-00011657-00012599 recalling my boss ZYj1MifVl6Y-00014-00012600-00012877 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00015-00012878-00013163 impressive wiring ZYj1MifVl6Y-00016-00013163-00013744 clutch ZYj1MifVl6Y-00017-00013745-00014285 done ZYj1MifVl6Y-00018-00014286-00014630 foreign ZYj1MifVl6Y-00020-00018078-00018353 Water right ZYj1MifVl6Y-00021-00018354-00019308 now ZYj1MifVl6Y-00022-00019309-00020893 I'm thinking down ZYj1MifVl6Y-00023-00020894-00022050 it worked thanks ZYj1MifVl6Y-00024-00022051-00022517 thank you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00026-00026430-00027781 for me ZYj1MifVl6Y-00027-00027782-00029218 Spike planted ZYj1MifVl6Y-00028-00029219-00029458 no charges ZYj1MifVl6Y-00030-00033456-00034585 thank you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00031-00034586-00035207 last player standing standing ahead ZYj1MifVl6Y-00032-00035208-00036631 you want to play Let's Play ZYj1MifVl6Y-00033-00036632-00036973 thank you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00034-00036974-00037693 My ultimate is ready ZYj1MifVl6Y-00035-00037694-00038279 last player standing adult is ready ZYj1MifVl6Y-00036-00038280-00040193 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00037-00040194-00040637 goodbye ZYj1MifVl6Y-00039-00043981-00044807 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00040-00044808-00045958 place ZYj1MifVl6Y-00042-00050028-00051646 foreign ZYj1MifVl6Y-00043-00051647-00052092 response ZYj1MifVl6Y-00044-00052094-00052807 my husband ZYj1MifVl6Y-00045-00052808-00053938 that's done my ultimate is ready ZYj1MifVl6Y-00046-00053939-00055247 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00047-00055248-00055516 My ultimate is ready ZYj1MifVl6Y-00048-00055517-00056341 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00049-00056341-00056603 Defender vehicle ZYj1MifVl6Y-00050-00056604-00058450 remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00051-00058451-00058894 right there ZYj1MifVl6Y-00052-00058895-00059826 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00053-00059827-00060982 there you should run enemies for today ZYj1MifVl6Y-00054-00060983-00061685 write down a ZYj1MifVl6Y-00055-00061686-00062357 bit ZYj1MifVl6Y-00056-00062358-00062675 go get him ZYj1MifVl6Y-00057-00062676-00063382 watching here ZYj1MifVl6Y-00058-00063383-00063635 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00059-00063636-00065297 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00060-00065298-00065638 thank you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00061-00065639-00066893 perfect ZYj1MifVl6Y-00062-00066894-00068875 now ZYj1MifVl6Y-00063-00068876-00069287 30 seconds one enemy remaining last ZYj1MifVl6Y-00064-00069288-00070043 player standing fight Down Beat ZYj1MifVl6Y-00065-00070044-00070588 Satchel out ZYj1MifVl6Y-00066-00070589-00071819 loud ZYj1MifVl6Y-00067-00071820-00073235 enemy spot today ZYj1MifVl6Y-00068-00073236-00073631 Spike down ZYj1MifVl6Y-00070-00078036-00079775 caution here ZYj1MifVl6Y-00071-00079776-00081329 reloading ZYj1MifVl6Y-00072-00081330-00083003 okay ZYj1MifVl6Y-00073-00083004-00083362 one enemy remaining yes ZYj1MifVl6Y-00074-00083363-00083797 reloading ZYj1MifVl6Y-00075-00083798-00084985 enemy spotted B reloading ZYj1MifVl6Y-00076-00084986-00085217 engineer killed ZYj1MifVl6Y-00077-00085218-00085756 laugh player standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00078-00085757-00085991 you should run ZYj1MifVl6Y-00079-00085992-00088265 foreign ZYj1MifVl6Y-00080-00088266-00088618 last player standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00081-00088619-00089959 remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00082-00089960-00090167 smokes ground ZYj1MifVl6Y-00083-00090168-00091165 s ZYj1MifVl6Y-00084-00091166-00091912 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00085-00091913-00094781 it's ready ZYj1MifVl6Y-00087-00097933-00099455 attackers win ZYj1MifVl6Y-00088-00099456-00100259 today ZYj1MifVl6Y-00089-00100260-00101581 remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00090-00101582-00102079 thank you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00091-00102080-00103836 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00092-00103838-00106060 little mouth ZYj1MifVl6Y-00093-00106061-00106433 they are ZYj1MifVl6Y-00094-00106433-00107231 destroyed ZYj1MifVl6Y-00095-00107232-00107465 last player standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00096-00107466-00108869 one enemy remains ZYj1MifVl6Y-00097-00108870-00109151 you love him ZYj1MifVl6Y-00098-00109152-00110347 Defenders ZYj1MifVl6Y-00099-00110348-00111190 replacing alarms ZYj1MifVl6Y-00100-00111191-00112865 remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00101-00112866-00113639 reloading ZYj1MifVl6Y-00102-00113640-00114545 it's gone 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00103-00114546-00114790 Spike planted ZYj1MifVl6Y-00104-00114791-00115445 All Coming Back reloading ZYj1MifVl6Y-00105-00115446-00116363 out of charging ZYj1MifVl6Y-00106-00116364-00116849 oh ZYj1MifVl6Y-00107-00116850-00116993 meet him ZYj1MifVl6Y-00108-00116994-00117952 need him ZYj1MifVl6Y-00109-00117953-00118740 together ZYj1MifVl6Y-00110-00118741-00119273 thank you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00111-00119274-00119939 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00112-00119940-00120257 five planters ZYj1MifVl6Y-00113-00120258-00120521 your duty is not over ZYj1MifVl6Y-00114-00120522-00121954 loading so what I mean ZYj1MifVl6Y-00115-00121955-00124258 um ZYj1MifVl6Y-00116-00124259-00124775 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00117-00124776-00126043 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00119-00129264-00131095 she can talk about me ZYj1MifVl6Y-00120-00131096-00131723 down yeah ZYj1MifVl6Y-00121-00131724-00132287 message sense ZYj1MifVl6Y-00122-00132288-00132545 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00123-00132546-00133145 come on ZYj1MifVl6Y-00125-00136541-00137614 oh my God ZYj1MifVl6Y-00126-00137615-00137909 got him ZYj1MifVl6Y-00127-00137910-00139240 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00128-00139241-00140171 reloading ZYj1MifVl6Y-00129-00140172-00141281 hello ZYj1MifVl6Y-00130-00141282-00142877 yes ZYj1MifVl6Y-00131-00142878-00143039 thank you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00132-00143040-00145427 foreign ZYj1MifVl6Y-00133-00145428-00146428 while you're standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00134-00146429-00146752 oh ZYj1MifVl6Y-00135-00146753-00146902 reloading ZYj1MifVl6Y-00136-00146903-00147340 don't want ZYj1MifVl6Y-00137-00147341-00147593 next ZYj1MifVl6Y-00139-00153300-00155476 not in division ZYj1MifVl6Y-00141-00159527-00161171 thank you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00142-00161172-00161699 remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00143-00161700-00162366 Reloaded ZYj1MifVl6Y-00144-00162367-00163849 My ultimate not ready ZYj1MifVl6Y-00145-00163850-00165847 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00146-00165848-00166102 feel good here ZYj1MifVl6Y-00147-00166103-00166409 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00148-00166410-00166990 Reloaded ZYj1MifVl6Y-00149-00166991-00168989 [Music] ZYj1MifVl6Y-00150-00168990-00169714 reloading ZYj1MifVl6Y-00151-00169715-00170416 right there ZYj1MifVl6Y-00152-00170417-00171659 30 seconds left ZYj1MifVl6Y-00153-00171660-00173093 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00154-00173094-00173345 that player standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00155-00173346-00174373 who's next ZYj1MifVl6Y-00156-00174374-00175626 thank you ZYj1MifVl6Y-00157-00175627-00175978 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00158-00175979-00177269 okay ZYj1MifVl6Y-00159-00177270-00179525 standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00160-00179526-00179785 Spike planted ZYj1MifVl6Y-00162-00183265-00183533 last player standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00163-00183534-00183692 stop ZYj1MifVl6Y-00164-00183693-00184843 [Music] ZYj1MifVl6Y-00165-00184844-00186995 it's finished my ultimate ready ZYj1MifVl6Y-00166-00186996-00187897 out of my words ZYj1MifVl6Y-00167-00187898-00188537 last players ZYj1MifVl6Y-00168-00188538-00190702 calculated ZYj1MifVl6Y-00169-00190703-00191225 20. ZYj1MifVl6Y-00170-00191226-00193901 enemies ZYj1MifVl6Y-00171-00193902-00194195 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00172-00194196-00194851 last player standard enemy time to jump ZYj1MifVl6Y-00173-00194852-00196445 we're calling my boss ZYj1MifVl6Y-00174-00196446-00196747 Spike planted ZYj1MifVl6Y-00175-00196748-00197021 one enemy remaining ZYj1MifVl6Y-00176-00197022-00197602 last player standing ZYj1MifVl6Y-00177-00197603-00198002 taking some areas yeah ZYqrG4D5DLU-00000-00000004-00001193 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00001-00001194-00002883 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00002-00002884-00003239 okay ZYqrG4D5DLU-00004-00006728-00007083 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00005-00007084-00007409 foreign ZYqrG4D5DLU-00006-00007411-00008483 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00007-00008484-00008645 one ZYqrG4D5DLU-00008-00008646-00009883 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00009-00009884-00010099 foreign ZYqrG4D5DLU-00010-00010100-00011283 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00011-00011284-00011647 foreign ZYqrG4D5DLU-00012-00011648-00013721 [Music] 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ZYqrG4D5DLU-00085-00102663-00103682 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00086-00103683-00105054 uh ZYqrG4D5DLU-00087-00105055-00106483 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00088-00106483-00106849 so ZYqrG4D5DLU-00089-00106850-00107983 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00090-00107983-00109560 you ZYqrG4D5DLU-00091-00109561-00110995 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00092-00110996-00111942 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00093-00111943-00112239 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00094-00112240-00113623 happy birthday ZYqrG4D5DLU-00095-00113624-00114189 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00096-00114190-00116695 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00097-00116696-00118444 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00098-00118445-00120483 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00099-00120483-00121883 hello ZYqrG4D5DLU-00100-00121883-00122175 so ZYqrG4D5DLU-00101-00122176-00123283 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00102-00123283-00123522 um ZYqrG4D5DLU-00103-00123523-00126083 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00104-00126083-00126566 foreign ZYqrG4D5DLU-00105-00126567-00127483 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00106-00127483-00127997 huh ZYqrG4D5DLU-00107-00127998-00128710 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00108-00128711-00128883 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00109-00128883-00129324 marine ZYqrG4D5DLU-00110-00129325-00131594 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00111-00131595-00133083 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00112-00133084-00133548 oh ZYqrG4D5DLU-00113-00133549-00135051 [Music] ZYqrG4D5DLU-00114-00135052-00136426 [Music] ZZ4qCsgponU-00000-00000008-00000206 i made this video yesterday talking ZZ4qCsgponU-00001-00000208-00000407 about racial double standards ZZ4qCsgponU-00002-00000408-00000615 specifically near dennis's black ZZ4qCsgponU-00003-00000616-00000823 excellence gymnastics routine ZZ4qCsgponU-00004-00000824-00001103 and of course youtube demonetized it no ZZ4qCsgponU-00005-00001104-00001223 surprises there ZZ4qCsgponU-00006-00001224-00001423 this happens a lot to me recently you ZZ4qCsgponU-00007-00001424-00001566 talk about anything slightly ZZ4qCsgponU-00008-00001567-00001823 controversial and it gets either removed ZZ4qCsgponU-00009-00001823-00002055 or demonetized i've always found it ZZ4qCsgponU-00010-00002056-00002279 funny that the word demonetized contains ZZ4qCsgponU-00011-00002280-00002342 the word ZZ4qCsgponU-00012-00002343-00002663 demon do you find that odd but yesterday ZZ4qCsgponU-00013-00002664-00002895 i had enough i wasn't being racist in my ZZ4qCsgponU-00014-00002896-00002999 video yesterday ZZ4qCsgponU-00015-00003000-00003206 i was being the opposite of racist i was ZZ4qCsgponU-00016-00003207-00003422 calling out racism in all its forms ZZ4qCsgponU-00017-00003423-00003654 regardless of which side was using it ZZ4qCsgponU-00018-00003655-00003911 so i put in a formal appeal with youtube ZZ4qCsgponU-00019-00003911-00004095 and they actually got back to me this ZZ4qCsgponU-00020-00004096-00004183 morning ZZ4qCsgponU-00021-00004184-00004463 hi daily rant australia great news after ZZ4qCsgponU-00022-00004464-00004654 manually reviewing your video we've ZZ4qCsgponU-00023-00004655-00004854 determined that it is suitable for all ZZ4qCsgponU-00024-00004855-00004967 advertisers ZZ4qCsgponU-00025-00004968-00005167 calling out racial double standards ZZ4qCsgponU-00026-00005168-00005359 viral gymnastics routine ZZ4qCsgponU-00027-00005360-00005686 sincerely the youtube team my goodness ZZ4qCsgponU-00028-00005687-00005886 i was shocked they actually agreed with ZZ4qCsgponU-00029-00005887-00005991 me on something ZZ4qCsgponU-00030-00005992-00006175 well whether they agreed with me or not ZZ4qCsgponU-00031-00006176-00006431 they allowed my video to be re-monetized ZZ4qCsgponU-00032-00006431-00006727 so credit where credit is due and on the ZZ4qCsgponU-00033-00006728-00006798 abc ZZ4qCsgponU-00034-00006800-00006983 news website australia's public ZZ4qCsgponU-00035-00006984-00007198 broadcaster the top story the top ZZ4qCsgponU-00036-00007200-00007431 national story client is in jail among ZZ4qCsgponU-00037-00007431-00007631 red flags and thousands of job keeper ZZ4qCsgponU-00038-00007631-00007798 claims under scrutiny ZZ4qCsgponU-00039-00007800-00008063 number two china tells taiwan that ZZ4qCsgponU-00040-00008064-00008174 independence means ZZ4qCsgponU-00041-00008175-00008535 war and number three germany questions ZZ4qCsgponU-00042-00008536-00008599 efficacy ZZ4qCsgponU-00043-00008600-00008903 of astrazeneca vaccine in the elderly oh ZZ4qCsgponU-00044-00008904-00009103 my goodness the abc are actually ZZ4qCsgponU-00045-00009104-00009335 giving credence to some anti-vaccine ZZ4qCsgponU-00046-00009336-00009406 stories ZZ4qCsgponU-00047-00009407-00009551 usually they push them all the way down ZZ4qCsgponU-00048-00009552-00009719 the bottom as you've probably seen in my ZZ4qCsgponU-00049-00009720-00009814 other videos ZZ4qCsgponU-00050-00009815-00010023 but credit where credit is due looking ZZ4qCsgponU-00051-00010024-00010151 at that uh ZZ4qCsgponU-00052-00010152-00010414 article just looking at the key points ZZ4qCsgponU-00053-00010415-00010663 astrazeneca previously dismissed germany ZZ4qCsgponU-00054-00010664-00010878 media reports questioning the efficacy ZZ4qCsgponU-00055-00010879-00011078 of its vaccine in the elderly ZZ4qCsgponU-00056-00011079-00011295 germany's vaccine committee said that ZZ4qCsgponU-00057-00011296-00011399 the shot should ZZ4qCsgponU-00058-00011400-00011719 not be given to anyone 65 or over citing ZZ4qCsgponU-00059-00011720-00011863 a lack of data ZZ4qCsgponU-00060-00011864-00012103 european authorities are set to make a ZZ4qCsgponU-00061-00012104-00012295 decision on approving the astrazeneca ZZ4qCsgponU-00062-00012296-00012551 vaccine for use in coming days ZZ4qCsgponU-00063-00012552-00012774 so what is the world coming to the abc ZZ4qCsgponU-00064-00012775-00012919 actually publishing this sort of ZZ4qCsgponU-00065-00012919-00013007 information now ZZ4qCsgponU-00066-00013008-00013319 actually doing some balanced reporting ZZ4qCsgponU-00067-00013319-00013519 anyway it's good to see hopefully we'll ZZ4qCsgponU-00068-00013519-00013630 see more of it ZZ4qCsgponU-00069-00013631-00013838 so yeah that's all i had to say today ZZ4qCsgponU-00070-00013840-00014030 youtuber actually being fair and ZZ4qCsgponU-00071-00014031-00014271 reasonable and reviewing my videos ZZ4qCsgponU-00072-00014272-00014486 and the abc have decided to do some ZZ4qCsgponU-00073-00014487-00016463 balanced reporting ZZ4qCsgponU-00074-00016464-00016671 [Music] ZZ4qCsgponU-00075-00016672-00016880 you ZZxVAIDTs2c-00000-00000032-00000318 excellencies ladies and gentlemen ZZxVAIDTs2c-00001-00000319-00000503 i have the honor ZZxVAIDTs2c-00002-00000504-00000695 to deliver this statement of the of ZZxVAIDTs2c-00003-00000696-00000894 behalf of the african group ZZxVAIDTs2c-00004-00000896-00001039 which aligns with the statement ZZxVAIDTs2c-00005-00001040-00001231 delivered by pakistan ZZxVAIDTs2c-00006-00001232-00001623 on behalf of the g77 and china ZZxVAIDTs2c-00007-00001623-00001847 stockholm 50 ZZxVAIDTs2c-00008-00001848-00002023 is a historic moment ZZxVAIDTs2c-00009-00002023-00002175 to commemorate ZZxVAIDTs2c-00010-00002176-00002399 the 1972 ZZxVAIDTs2c-00011-00002400-00002679 u.n conference on human environment ZZxVAIDTs2c-00012-00002680-00002902 it celebrates 50 years of collective ZZxVAIDTs2c-00013-00002903-00003047 global action ZZxVAIDTs2c-00014-00003048-00003303 but more it is an opportunity for the ZZxVAIDTs2c-00015-00003304-00003479 world to reflect ZZxVAIDTs2c-00016-00003479-00003663 reflect on the progress ZZxVAIDTs2c-00017-00003664-00003799 on the gaps ZZxVAIDTs2c-00018-00003800-00004070 and other challenges ZZxVAIDTs2c-00019-00004071-00004399 stockholm 50 is timely while we are ZZxVAIDTs2c-00020-00004400-00004783 preparing for the cop 27 in egypt ZZxVAIDTs2c-00021-00004784-00004935 we all aim ZZxVAIDTs2c-00022-00004936-00005135 to make drastic progress in ZZxVAIDTs2c-00023-00005136-00005302 international efforts to address ZZxVAIDTs2c-00024-00005303-00005583 environmental challenges ZZxVAIDTs2c-00025-00005584-00005863 excellencies ladies and gentlemen ZZxVAIDTs2c-00026-00005864-00006175 over the past two years coveted 19 has ZZxVAIDTs2c-00027-00006176-00006470 taught us critical lessons ZZxVAIDTs2c-00028-00006472-00006703 our future is as hopeful as the strength ZZxVAIDTs2c-00029-00006704-00006934 of our cooperation the challenges of our ZZxVAIDTs2c-00030-00006936-00007191 time do not give us the luxury to walk ZZxVAIDTs2c-00031-00007192-00007519 in isolation we need to rise ZZxVAIDTs2c-00032-00007520-00007734 above our stark differences and fight ZZxVAIDTs2c-00033-00007736-00007895 for the common good ZZxVAIDTs2c-00034-00007895-00008167 of current and future generation more ZZxVAIDTs2c-00035-00008168-00008391 and much faster ZZxVAIDTs2c-00036-00008392-00008687 we stepped into the decade of action ZZxVAIDTs2c-00037-00008688-00008991 with massive pandemic disruptions ZZxVAIDTs2c-00038-00008992-00009174 we are running out of time ZZxVAIDTs2c-00039-00009175-00009431 to act on climate to act on pivotal ZZxVAIDTs2c-00040-00009432-00009678 development goals it is time we move ZZxVAIDTs2c-00041-00009679-00009959 strategically and act urgently ZZxVAIDTs2c-00042-00009960-00010183 we need to ensure that all multilateral ZZxVAIDTs2c-00043-00010184-00010551 agreements and processes strengthen ZZxVAIDTs2c-00044-00010552-00010774 systematic follow-up of action ZZxVAIDTs2c-00045-00010775-00010935 commitments and progress on ZZxVAIDTs2c-00046-00010936-00011142 multi-stakeholder pledges ZZxVAIDTs2c-00047-00011143-00011367 we need greater overall accessibility ZZxVAIDTs2c-00048-00011368-00011606 and efficiency of financial flows to ZZxVAIDTs2c-00049-00011607-00011878 address climate change in africa ZZxVAIDTs2c-00050-00011879-00012135 both mitigation and adaptation ZZxVAIDTs2c-00051-00012136-00012406 we need more efficient and less complex ZZxVAIDTs2c-00052-00012407-00012687 practices for accessing climate finance ZZxVAIDTs2c-00053-00012688-00012822 from different bilateral and ZZxVAIDTs2c-00054-00012823-00013191 multilateral funders or as simply said ZZxVAIDTs2c-00055-00013191-00013430 by the u.n secretary general antonio ZZxVAIDTs2c-00056-00013431-00013663 gutierrez we simply need to reform ZZxVAIDTs2c-00057-00013663-00013879 bureaucracy ZZxVAIDTs2c-00058-00013880-00014086 the countries and dc's need to translate ZZxVAIDTs2c-00059-00014087-00014375 into a pipeline of bankable projects ZZxVAIDTs2c-00060-00014376-00014583 to attract investment at scale from the ZZxVAIDTs2c-00061-00014584-00014791 private sector private capital ZZxVAIDTs2c-00062-00014791-00015055 investments catalyzed by improved fiscal ZZxVAIDTs2c-00063-00015056-00015183 policies ZZxVAIDTs2c-00064-00015184-00015319 as well as ZZxVAIDTs2c-00065-00015319-00015599 by private climate financing ZZxVAIDTs2c-00066-00015600-00015871 together we should strengthen unep to be ZZxVAIDTs2c-00067-00015872-00016215 the leading global environmental entity ZZxVAIDTs2c-00068-00016216-00016383 and to make it fit for purpose to ZZxVAIDTs2c-00069-00016384-00016599 respond to the evolving environmental ZZxVAIDTs2c-00070-00016600-00016886 challenges that we are facing today ZZxVAIDTs2c-00071-00016887-00017039 excellencies ladies ZZxVAIDTs2c-00072-00017040-00017207 ladies and gentlemen ZZxVAIDTs2c-00073-00017208-00017519 more and much faster we need to increase ZZxVAIDTs2c-00074-00017520-00017703 investment in resilience as well as ZZxVAIDTs2c-00075-00017704-00017950 greater alignment of finance and ZZxVAIDTs2c-00076-00017951-00018063 insurance ZZxVAIDTs2c-00077-00018064-00018303 against increasing risks posed by ZZxVAIDTs2c-00078-00018304-00018479 climate shocks ZZxVAIDTs2c-00079-00018480-00018591 lives ZZxVAIDTs2c-00080-00018592-00018894 can be saved through proactive planning ZZxVAIDTs2c-00081-00018895-00019167 and disaster risk management ZZxVAIDTs2c-00082-00019168-00019430 the african group emphasizes the need to ZZxVAIDTs2c-00083-00019431-00019671 for supporting the implementation ZZxVAIDTs2c-00084-00019672-00019855 of renewable energy initiatives ZZxVAIDTs2c-00085-00019856-00020039 including the africa renewable energy ZZxVAIDTs2c-00086-00020040-00020327 initiative the sdg-7 initiative for ZZxVAIDTs2c-00087-00020328-00020591 africa to increase to increase clean ZZxVAIDTs2c-00088-00020592-00020863 energy actions in ndc's and support ZZxVAIDTs2c-00089-00020864-00021086 credit enhancement instruments to ZZxVAIDTs2c-00090-00021087-00021471 fast-track investments for those actions ZZxVAIDTs2c-00091-00021472-00021647 the group underlines the importance to ZZxVAIDTs2c-00092-00021648-00021903 support african countries in their just ZZxVAIDTs2c-00093-00021904-00022127 transition plans and calls up and ZZxVAIDTs2c-00094-00022128-00022286 development partners ZZxVAIDTs2c-00095-00022287-00022511 to support a fair and just transition to ZZxVAIDTs2c-00096-00022512-00022703 secure workers rights ZZxVAIDTs2c-00097-00022704-00022903 provide social protection for affected ZZxVAIDTs2c-00098-00022904-00023207 communities and build necessary capacity ZZxVAIDTs2c-00099-00023208-00023455 to deliver clean energy networks and to ZZxVAIDTs2c-00100-00023456-00023630 ensure the provision of energy needed ZZxVAIDTs2c-00101-00023631-00023894 for africa's economic transformation and ZZxVAIDTs2c-00102-00023895-00024222 growth we should address critical gaps ZZxVAIDTs2c-00103-00024223-00024439 in technology transfer to support ZZxVAIDTs2c-00104-00024440-00024614 country development and implementation ZZxVAIDTs2c-00105-00024615-00024894 of ndcs and long-term strategies ZZxVAIDTs2c-00106-00024895-00025142 the group stresses the need to enhance ZZxVAIDTs2c-00107-00025143-00025255 commitment ZZxVAIDTs2c-00108-00025256-00025399 to address the drivers of ZZxVAIDTs2c-00109-00025400-00025575 deservesification ZZxVAIDTs2c-00110-00025576-00025839 land degradation and drought and support ZZxVAIDTs2c-00111-00025839-00026022 existing programs such as the great ZZxVAIDTs2c-00112-00026023-00026270 green wall for the sahara sahel and ZZxVAIDTs2c-00113-00026272-00026487 southern africa the adaptation of ZZxVAIDTs2c-00114-00026488-00026727 african agriculture initiatives ZZxVAIDTs2c-00115-00026727-00026951 the african forest landscape restoration ZZxVAIDTs2c-00116-00026952-00027151 initiative program to combat this ZZxVAIDTs2c-00117-00027152-00027311 certification in southern africa ZZxVAIDTs2c-00118-00027312-00027479 initiative ZZxVAIDTs2c-00119-00027480-00027670 more and much faster ZZxVAIDTs2c-00120-00027672-00027943 agriculture employs more than 60 percent ZZxVAIDTs2c-00121-00027944-00028223 of african population ZZxVAIDTs2c-00122-00028224-00028374 we need to leverage strategic ZZxVAIDTs2c-00123-00028375-00028574 partnerships through the private sector ZZxVAIDTs2c-00124-00028575-00028758 and international financial institutions ZZxVAIDTs2c-00125-00028760-00028974 to create a larger pool of funding for ZZxVAIDTs2c-00126-00028975-00029231 our smallholder farmers and agriculture ZZxVAIDTs2c-00127-00029232-00029343 smes ZZxVAIDTs2c-00128-00029344-00029543 if we narrow the digital connectivity ZZxVAIDTs2c-00129-00029544-00029799 connectivity gap and healthcare system ZZxVAIDTs2c-00130-00029800-00030039 gap productivity will increase and will ZZxVAIDTs2c-00131-00030039-00030311 create more opportunities for you women ZZxVAIDTs2c-00132-00030312-00030423 and youth ZZxVAIDTs2c-00133-00030424-00030623 has the potential of lifting over 60 ZZxVAIDTs2c-00134-00030624-00030887 million people out of poverty thank you ZZxVAIDTs2c-00135-00030888-00031175 very much ZZN3mEAjdEA-00000-00000786-00001099 see some familiar faces back there ZZN3mEAjdEA-00001-00001100-00001668 everybody's smiling I think you have ZZN3mEAjdEA-00002-00001669-00001923 another start in a few minutes so we'll ZZN3mEAjdEA-00003-00001923-00002139 we'll go as long as we need to y'all ZZN3mEAjdEA-00004-00002140-00002286 thank you very much for coming of course ZZN3mEAjdEA-00005-00002287-00002469 you know I knew lieutenant-governor ZZN3mEAjdEA-00006-00002470-00002826 family ever and we happy to be here with ZZN3mEAjdEA-00007-00002827-00003183 you to discuss the upcoming legislative ZZN3mEAjdEA-00008-00003184-00003501 session and the budget as you know the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00009-00003502-00003701 governor submits a budget the budget ZZN3mEAjdEA-00010-00003702-00004125 this year is 478 pages long I'm not ZZN3mEAjdEA-00011-00004126-00004286 going to cover everything that is in the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00012-00004287-00004578 478 page budget what I am going to cover ZZN3mEAjdEA-00013-00004579-00004803 is the things that I believe are ZZN3mEAjdEA-00014-00004804-00005024 priorities that we need to do ZZN3mEAjdEA-00015-00005025-00005355 particularly with the 1 billion almost a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00016-00005356-00005637 billion dollars in money that is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00017-00005638-00006024 anticipated to come in through taxes and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00018-00006025-00006324 other and fees and other sources to add ZZN3mEAjdEA-00019-00006325-00006573 to the money that we have available at ZZN3mEAjdEA-00020-00006573-00006945 the state to spend on things so this ZZN3mEAjdEA-00021-00006945-00007167 addresses that as you know about half of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00022-00007168-00007395 that is recurring money a half of it is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00023-00007395-00007731 non recurring that is one-time money so ZZN3mEAjdEA-00024-00007731-00007977 the items that I have that I'll be ZZN3mEAjdEA-00025-00007978-00008244 explaining to you are those that we'll ZZN3mEAjdEA-00026-00008245-00008583 be addressing this new almost billion ZZN3mEAjdEA-00027-00008584-00008802 dollars that we have coming coming in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00028-00008803-00008991 and by the way the fact that we have ZZN3mEAjdEA-00029-00008992-00009285 that much money coming in it was not it ZZN3mEAjdEA-00030-00009286-00009576 not anticipated is a good sign of the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00031-00009577-00009795 great economic strength of our state ZZN3mEAjdEA-00032-00009796-00010038 we'd like to have that happen every year ZZN3mEAjdEA-00033-00010039-00010271 to have a million more billion more ZZN3mEAjdEA-00034-00010272-00010596 coming in and we thought but if we keep ZZN3mEAjdEA-00035-00010597-00010770 working hard maybe we can do that and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00036-00010771-00010917 that is our goal as you know from ZZN3mEAjdEA-00037-00010918-00011160 inauguration day the goal of this ZZN3mEAjdEA-00038-00011161-00011373 administration is to succeed in this ZZN3mEAjdEA-00039-00011374-00011676 economic competition that is worldwide ZZN3mEAjdEA-00040-00011677-00011919 that affects everything we do every man ZZN3mEAjdEA-00041-00011920-00012092 woman and child in South Carolina is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00042-00012093-00012317 affected by the economic climate and the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00043-00012318-00012513 prosperity or lack of it we have in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00044-00012514-00012720 South Carolina and we're in a fierce ZZN3mEAjdEA-00045-00012721-00012950 competition and we're winning there are ZZN3mEAjdEA-00046-00012951-00013119 some areas where we behind ZZN3mEAjdEA-00047-00013120-00013336 the head but we want to be a hit and all ZZN3mEAjdEA-00048-00013337-00013569 of them and that work that means we have ZZN3mEAjdEA-00049-00013570-00013722 to we have to be serious about what ZZN3mEAjdEA-00050-00013723-00013975 we're doing as you know we've announced ZZN3mEAjdEA-00051-00013976-00014194 over 8-bit system since I've been in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00052-00014194-00014350 this office we've announced over eight ZZN3mEAjdEA-00053-00014351-00014503 billion dollars in new capital ZZN3mEAjdEA-00054-00014504-00014784 investment twenty seven thousand new ZZN3mEAjdEA-00055-00014785-00015033 jobs that is a record we've been going ZZN3mEAjdEA-00056-00015034-00015225 up over the years and more and more ZZN3mEAjdEA-00057-00015226-00015378 every year but that is the greatest ZZN3mEAjdEA-00058-00015379-00015789 increase that we've had ever every one ZZN3mEAjdEA-00059-00015790-00016003 of the top exporters of tires completed ZZN3mEAjdEA-00060-00016004-00016300 automobiles our manufacturing employment ZZN3mEAjdEA-00061-00016301-00016515 growth is 16% it's the highest in the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00062-00016516-00016789 southeast we recognized over and over in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00063-00016790-00017022 various periodicals and experts is one ZZN3mEAjdEA-00064-00017023-00017178 of the best places in country in the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00065-00017179-00017389 country to do business and we aim to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00066-00017390-00017644 keep growing so we're in a serious ZZN3mEAjdEA-00067-00017645-00017859 competition and to win this competition ZZN3mEAjdEA-00068-00017860-00018030 there are a number of things that we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00069-00018031-00018097 must do ZZN3mEAjdEA-00070-00018098-00018424 last year I proposed a 2.2 billion ZZN3mEAjdEA-00071-00018425-00018783 dollar tax cut that was last year in my ZZN3mEAjdEA-00072-00018784-00018981 executive budget I'm not proposing that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00073-00018982-00019230 in this executive budget I intend to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00074-00019231-00019486 propose it hope to propose it in other ZZN3mEAjdEA-00075-00019487-00019702 executive budgets but the reason that we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00076-00019703-00019965 are not proposing that now is because ZZN3mEAjdEA-00077-00019966-00020244 the the General Assembly its leaders are ZZN3mEAjdEA-00078-00020245-00020600 anticipating a general a thorough study ZZN3mEAjdEA-00079-00020601-00020992 analysis in tax reform measure that will ZZN3mEAjdEA-00080-00020993-00021283 be presented we hope this year so we're ZZN3mEAjdEA-00081-00021284-00021475 working with them we've already met with ZZN3mEAjdEA-00082-00021476-00021696 leaders of the House on that and we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00083-00021697-00021874 expect to have a comprehensive plan and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00084-00021875-00022153 by the way some of you may remember an ZZN3mEAjdEA-00085-00022154-00022389 economics expert by the name of dr. ZZN3mEAjdEA-00086-00022390-00022636 author laughs oh he is a he's agreed to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00087-00022637-00022978 come and analyze our tax situation here ZZN3mEAjdEA-00088-00022979-00023193 to see that we can't be made the best in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00089-00023194-00023367 the nation he's done that in other ZZN3mEAjdEA-00090-00023368-00023424 places ZZN3mEAjdEA-00091-00023425-00023677 eff has a have other people who have ZZN3mEAjdEA-00092-00023678-00023883 gone and have assisted the states and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00093-00023884-00024180 developing a plan that allows for the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00094-00024181-00024392 strongest economic competition and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00095-00024393-00024646 prosperity so we look forward very much ZZN3mEAjdEA-00096-00024647-00024877 to working with the leaders on that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00097-00024878-00025189 comprehensive tax comprehensive tax ZZN3mEAjdEA-00098-00025190-00025477 overhaul I've asked the legislation this ZZN3mEAjdEA-00099-00025478-00025659 executive budget to do something we've ZZN3mEAjdEA-00100-00025660-00025890 never done before that is as I mentioned ZZN3mEAjdEA-00101-00025891-00026145 we have almost a billion dollars coming ZZN3mEAjdEA-00102-00026146-00026295 in that we did not expect ZZN3mEAjdEA-00103-00026295-00026517 I've asked the legislature in my boat ZZN3mEAjdEA-00104-00026518-00026771 budget to rebate or give back to the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00105-00026772-00027030 taxpayers two hundred million dollars of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00106-00027031-00027245 that billion dollars as two hundred ZZN3mEAjdEA-00107-00027247-00027501 million dollars back to the taxpayer we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00108-00027502-00027705 keep telling the taxpayers that our job ZZN3mEAjdEA-00109-00027706-00027981 in the state government is to find ways ZZN3mEAjdEA-00110-00027982-00028218 to save money to spend money wisely and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00111-00028219-00028485 whenever we can to return their tax ZZN3mEAjdEA-00112-00028486-00028739 money to them if we can't cut the taxes ZZN3mEAjdEA-00113-00028741-00028986 we certainly need to rebate as much ZZN3mEAjdEA-00114-00028987-00029189 money as we can well this year as you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00115-00029191-00029387 know we have almost a billion dollars ZZN3mEAjdEA-00116-00029388-00029643 that we did not expect to have this is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00117-00029644-00029868 more than we expected so this is the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00118-00029869-00030071 right year to make good on that promise ZZN3mEAjdEA-00119-00030072-00030362 and to return that tax money to the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00120-00030363-00030596 citizens who paid it in and that will ZZN3mEAjdEA-00121-00030597-00030882 come to 200 million dollars of that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00122-00030883-00031171 approximate billion now let's turn to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00123-00031172-00031689 education as you know the economic ZZN3mEAjdEA-00124-00031689-00031980 prosperity and development is the core ZZN3mEAjdEA-00125-00031981-00032307 of our prosperity and education is the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00126-00032308-00032535 core of our economic growth and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00127-00032536-00032889 prosperity so we must have dramatic ZZN3mEAjdEA-00128-00032890-00033285 education reform in South Carolina now ZZN3mEAjdEA-00129-00033286-00033525 is the time we've all seen the numbers ZZN3mEAjdEA-00130-00033526-00033735 we all know the figures we all know the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00131-00033736-00034005 situation I know others have been to the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00132-00034006-00034320 school districts we know what we must do ZZN3mEAjdEA-00133-00034321-00034725 and we know that from the investors and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00134-00034726-00034932 the companies and the visitors who come ZZN3mEAjdEA-00135-00034933-00035181 to South Carolina that want to invest in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00136-00035182-00035592 South Carolina but a a question may ZZN3mEAjdEA-00137-00035593-00035952 arise it has arisen in the past certain ZZN3mEAjdEA-00138-00035953-00036233 to arise in the future is the education ZZN3mEAjdEA-00139-00036234-00036579 quality in South Carolina from k-12 on ZZN3mEAjdEA-00140-00036580-00036887 through technical college the two-year ZZN3mEAjdEA-00141-00036888-00037311 four years and beyond so we must be have ZZN3mEAjdEA-00142-00037312-00037506 we must have the highest quality ZZN3mEAjdEA-00143-00037507-00037767 education system from top to bottom in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00144-00037768-00038043 South Carolina that we can manage and in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00145-00038044-00038256 order to do that one of the things that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00146-00038257-00038493 we must do in order to be competitive is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00147-00038494-00038765 we must be must have and must be known ZZN3mEAjdEA-00148-00038766-00039077 as having the very finest teachers and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00149-00039078-00039381 educators in the United States we are ZZN3mEAjdEA-00150-00039382-00039619 not there yet we do have some ZZN3mEAjdEA-00151-00039620-00039817 the finest but we need to be known as ZZN3mEAjdEA-00152-00039818-00040201 having the finest and as I've said if we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00153-00040202-00040459 are known for being weak in an area in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00154-00040460-00040660 our state for economic growth and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00155-00040661-00040888 prosperity if we are known for being ZZN3mEAjdEA-00156-00040889-00041350 weak in education that's not good but if ZZN3mEAjdEA-00157-00041351-00041581 if we are known for not fixing it for ZZN3mEAjdEA-00158-00041582-00041860 not understanding it and not fixing it ZZN3mEAjdEA-00159-00041861-00042040 that is disastrous ZZN3mEAjdEA-00160-00042041-00042364 I intend to fix it I intend to work ZZN3mEAjdEA-00161-00042365-00042598 vigorously with the leadership of the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00162-00042599-00042808 General Assembly we have already begun ZZN3mEAjdEA-00163-00042809-00043087 and we're going to fix education in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00164-00043088-00043321 South Carolina there's no reason why a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00165-00043322-00043513 state like this with the talent we have ZZN3mEAjdEA-00166-00043514-00043783 with the resources we have not to have ZZN3mEAjdEA-00167-00043784-00044002 the very finest education system in the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00168-00044003-00044257 United States so that's what we're going ZZN3mEAjdEA-00169-00044258-00044455 to do and here's how we're going to do ZZN3mEAjdEA-00170-00044456-00044887 it one will be a pay raise for the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00171-00044888-00045289 teachers of South Carolina 5% that's a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00172-00045290-00045469 hundred and fifty five million of those ZZN3mEAjdEA-00173-00045470-00045730 new dollars that increase that 5% ZZN3mEAjdEA-00174-00045731-00045964 increase will bring our average teacher ZZN3mEAjdEA-00175-00045965-00046156 salary to fifty three thousand one ZZN3mEAjdEA-00176-00046157-00046282 hundred and thirty one hundred and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00177-00046283-00046477 eighty five dollars which is three ZZN3mEAjdEA-00178-00046478-00046759 hundred and fifty five dollars above you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00179-00046760-00046972 now projected southeastern average ZZN3mEAjdEA-00180-00046973-00047254 salary for 2020 which is fifty two ZZN3mEAjdEA-00181-00047255-00047521 thousand eight hundred and thirty again ZZN3mEAjdEA-00182-00047522-00047866 will be the average teacher's salary to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00183-00047867-00048130 fifty three thousand one eighty five ZZN3mEAjdEA-00184-00048131-00048379 which is above the southeast average of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00185-00048380-00048610 fifty two thousand eight thirty that's ZZN3mEAjdEA-00186-00048611-00048817 step one what are we going to do about ZZN3mEAjdEA-00187-00048818-00049063 the rural areas we have some that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00188-00049064-00049357 remember poverty is the enemy of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00189-00049358-00049579 Education there are some places that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00190-00049580-00049825 businesses won't go there some places ZZN3mEAjdEA-00191-00049826-00050008 where the young people growing up leave ZZN3mEAjdEA-00192-00050009-00050290 and one common connector is always ZZN3mEAjdEA-00193-00050291-00050566 positive poverty it's the lack of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00194-00050567-00050842 economic activity the lack of economic ZZN3mEAjdEA-00195-00050843-00051127 vigor so how do we how do we take ZZN3mEAjdEA-00196-00051128-00051415 economic growth and opportunity to those ZZN3mEAjdEA-00197-00051416-00051676 rural districts not necessarily counties ZZN3mEAjdEA-00198-00051677-00051966 the county may be very wealthy on one in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00199-00051967-00052052 and poor ZZN3mEAjdEA-00200-00052053-00052507 so what I propose is a plan that will ZZN3mEAjdEA-00201-00052508-00052821 determine which of our school districts ZZN3mEAjdEA-00202-00052822-00053115 are riddled with poverty in all and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00203-00053116-00053405 lacking and education resources so that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00204-00053407-00053654 we can address that and part of that is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00205-00053655-00053876 for the restricting school districts to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00206-00053877-00054129 have a state backed not county backed ZZN3mEAjdEA-00207-00054129-00054416 but a state back economic development ZZN3mEAjdEA-00208-00054417-00054667 commitment to bring jobs to those ZZN3mEAjdEA-00209-00054669-00054932 communities by providing infrastructure ZZN3mEAjdEA-00210-00054933-00055307 not only in water sewer and roads but in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00211-00055308-00055599 school buildings and facilities here's ZZN3mEAjdEA-00212-00055600-00055679 how it works ZZN3mEAjdEA-00213-00055680-00055925 if a company is interested investing in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00214-00055926-00056237 South Carolina and they are they are ZZN3mEAjdEA-00215-00056238-00056429 interested in a certain part of the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00216-00056430-00056779 state we will suggest this area here ZZN3mEAjdEA-00217-00056780-00057092 would love to have you there there's no ZZN3mEAjdEA-00218-00057094-00057297 water there's no sewer we'll provide ZZN3mEAjdEA-00219-00057298-00057579 that the building's need repair we will ZZN3mEAjdEA-00220-00057579-00057779 repair those buildings we may build new ZZN3mEAjdEA-00221-00057780-00057941 buildings they don't have the bonding ZZN3mEAjdEA-00222-00057942-00058221 capacity themselves to do it so the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00223-00058222-00058418 state will do that education is a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00224-00058419-00058748 statewide problem is a statewide ZZN3mEAjdEA-00225-00058749-00058954 opportunity it is a statewide ZZN3mEAjdEA-00226-00058955-00059267 responsibility and as I mentioned in the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00227-00059269-00059640 inauguration a weak system in one part ZZN3mEAjdEA-00228-00059641-00059946 of our state affects the whole state so ZZN3mEAjdEA-00229-00059947-00060159 we must be hitting on all cylinders and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00230-00060160-00060534 with the poorest rural which always that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00231-00060535-00060719 typically in the rural areas those poor ZZN3mEAjdEA-00232-00060720-00060962 districts needs help this will provide ZZN3mEAjdEA-00233-00060963-00061299 the spark this fund will provide that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00234-00061300-00061562 for them it will be called a rural ZZN3mEAjdEA-00235-00061563-00061860 school district economic development ZZN3mEAjdEA-00236-00061861-00062247 closing fund I propose we put 100 ZZN3mEAjdEA-00237-00062248-00062492 million dollars in it for the Department ZZN3mEAjdEA-00238-00062494-00062697 of Commerce to invest in bringing new ZZN3mEAjdEA-00239-00062698-00062916 jobs and investment to our state's ZZN3mEAjdEA-00240-00062916-00063254 poorest school districts ladies and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00241-00063255-00063474 gentlemen the words corridor of shame ZZN3mEAjdEA-00242-00063475-00063804 will soon be a fading memory in South ZZN3mEAjdEA-00243-00063804-00064161 Carolina this is our year to do what we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00244-00064162-00064391 want to do and what we need to do and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00245-00064392-00064686 what our state must do in education to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00246-00064687-00064982 maintain enhance and accelerate economic ZZN3mEAjdEA-00247-00064983-00065103 progress ZZN3mEAjdEA-00248-00065104-00065508 and growth the budget again prioritized ZZN3mEAjdEA-00249-00065509-00065838 my budget school safety by providing 46 ZZN3mEAjdEA-00250-00065839-00066111 million dollars in recurring funds to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00251-00066112-00066300 place a trained certified law ZZN3mEAjdEA-00252-00066301-00066543 enforcement officer a school resource ZZN3mEAjdEA-00253-00066544-00066767 officer in schools that cannot afford ZZN3mEAjdEA-00254-00066768-00067062 some schools and can't afford them some ZZN3mEAjdEA-00255-00067063-00067257 schools already have them sometimes have ZZN3mEAjdEA-00256-00067258-00067557 some schools have resource officers part ZZN3mEAjdEA-00257-00067558-00067920 time we will have 46 million dollars ZZN3mEAjdEA-00258-00067921-00068208 available in recurring funds to keep a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00259-00068209-00068448 certified trained law enforcement ZZN3mEAjdEA-00260-00068449-00068625 officer in every school in every ZZN3mEAjdEA-00261-00068626-00068931 district in South Carolina every school ZZN3mEAjdEA-00262-00068932-00069084 and every teacher will now have access ZZN3mEAjdEA-00263-00069085-00069335 also to a trained mental health ZZN3mEAjdEA-00264-00069336-00069597 counselor trained mental health ZZN3mEAjdEA-00265-00069598-00069830 counselor from any recurring ZZN3mEAjdEA-00266-00069831-00070170 appropriation of 2.2 million dollars to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00267-00070171-00070398 the department of mental health for ZZN3mEAjdEA-00268-00070399-00070797 those services today we have mental ZZN3mEAjdEA-00269-00070798-00071001 health counselors that that travel from ZZN3mEAjdEA-00270-00071002-00071199 place to place they're not enough of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00271-00071200-00071418 them but we want every school when they ZZN3mEAjdEA-00272-00071419-00071613 need one to have one they don't need to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00273-00071614-00071811 have an office in the school because ZZN3mEAjdEA-00274-00071812-00072000 they don't need to be there 100% of the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00275-00072001-00072189 time but when they when we need them ZZN3mEAjdEA-00276-00072190-00072369 when we know we're going to need them we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00277-00072370-00072522 need to have them available and that's ZZN3mEAjdEA-00278-00072523-00072750 precisely what this 46 million will ZZN3mEAjdEA-00279-00072751-00073131 enable for decades every family's goal ZZN3mEAjdEA-00280-00073132-00073332 was for children to go to college which ZZN3mEAjdEA-00281-00073333-00073539 of course meant a four-year college ZZN3mEAjdEA-00282-00073540-00073914 degree are typically particularly too ZZN3mEAjdEA-00283-00073915-00074121 after World War two that was that was ZZN3mEAjdEA-00284-00074122-00074337 everyone's go and you had the GI Bill ZZN3mEAjdEA-00285-00074338-00074541 and other things too where generations ZZN3mEAjdEA-00286-00074542-00074820 went to college well that still is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00287-00074821-00075069 higher education still is the key to the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00288-00075070-00075366 future brain power is essential if you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00289-00075367-00075609 read the magazines and periodicals about ZZN3mEAjdEA-00290-00075610-00075768 what's going on in other countries you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00291-00075769-00075992 see they are focusing on brain power ZZN3mEAjdEA-00292-00075993-00076278 intellectual capacity innovation and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00293-00076279-00076566 education because they realize that is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00294-00076567-00076782 the key to great economic prosperity ZZN3mEAjdEA-00295-00076783-00077055 well so do we we still have people ZZN3mEAjdEA-00296-00077056-00077232 coming from all countries all over the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00297-00077233-00077289 world ZZN3mEAjdEA-00298-00077290-00077567 to the United States because of our ZZN3mEAjdEA-00299-00077568-00077808 educational prowess but ladies and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00300-00077809-00078093 gentlemen the the world has changed and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00301-00078094-00078261 today we have ZZN3mEAjdEA-00302-00078262-00078492 manufacturers plant we have high tech ZZN3mEAjdEA-00303-00078493-00078789 technologies that are combining to form ZZN3mEAjdEA-00304-00078790-00079161 a completely new workplace and a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00305-00079162-00079401 four-year degree typically is not ZZN3mEAjdEA-00306-00079402-00079713 necessary economic prosperity can be ZZN3mEAjdEA-00307-00079714-00079971 achieved to date through associate ZZN3mEAjdEA-00308-00079972-00080190 two-year degrees in a multitude of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00309-00080191-00080406 certificates from our state's Technical ZZN3mEAjdEA-00310-00080407-00080700 College's the very excellent news is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00311-00080701-00080940 that our state Technical College System ZZN3mEAjdEA-00312-00080941-00081462 created in 1961 has 16 units now and it ZZN3mEAjdEA-00313-00081463-00081773 is recognized as the finest workforce ZZN3mEAjdEA-00314-00081774-00082065 development system in the United States ZZN3mEAjdEA-00315-00082066-00082278 we need to understand that and take ZZN3mEAjdEA-00316-00082279-00082470 advantage of it but it means we have to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00317-00082471-00082689 expand it a skilled and educated ZZN3mEAjdEA-00318-00082690-00082974 workforce ensures economic prosperity ZZN3mEAjdEA-00319-00082975-00083238 for all South Carolinians however the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00320-00083239-00083427 cost and debt associated with higher ZZN3mEAjdEA-00321-00083428-00083628 education is becoming a financial ZZN3mEAjdEA-00322-00083629-00083871 barrier for too many potential students ZZN3mEAjdEA-00323-00083872-00084141 and their families my executive budget ZZN3mEAjdEA-00324-00084142-00084357 takes the first step towards reining in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00325-00084358-00084672 these rising costs by proposing a freeze ZZN3mEAjdEA-00326-00084673-00084939 on tuition and fees for in-state ZZN3mEAjdEA-00327-00084940-00085203 students in our state's technical ZZN3mEAjdEA-00328-00085204-00085461 schools colleges and universities for ZZN3mEAjdEA-00329-00085462-00085971 the 2019 2020 academic year in exchange ZZN3mEAjdEA-00330-00085972-00086247 for that freeze of in-state tuition fees ZZN3mEAjdEA-00331-00086248-00086658 and as an institution which will be ZZN3mEAjdEA-00332-00086659-00086835 certified by the Commission on Higher ZZN3mEAjdEA-00333-00086836-00087122 Education an institution will receive a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00334-00087123-00087543 6% increase to the annual base budget ZZN3mEAjdEA-00335-00087544-00087843 which represents their pro rata share of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00336-00087844-00088032 a thirty six million dollar ZZN3mEAjdEA-00337-00088033-00088362 appropriation that is to the schools if ZZN3mEAjdEA-00338-00088363-00088551 you freeze your tuition for the next ZZN3mEAjdEA-00339-00088552-00088824 academic year you will receive a portion ZZN3mEAjdEA-00340-00088825-00089118 of that money the general fund money to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00341-00089119-00089652 go to your regular budget I've added ZZN3mEAjdEA-00342-00089653-00089883 additional sixty three million dollars ZZN3mEAjdEA-00343-00089884-00090152 to enhance existing workforce workforce ZZN3mEAjdEA-00344-00090153-00090423 partnerships training grants and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00345-00090424-00090726 scholarships available for the students ZZN3mEAjdEA-00346-00090727-00090939 at our Technical College's as sixty ZZN3mEAjdEA-00347-00090940-00091218 three million dollars again the text our ZZN3mEAjdEA-00348-00091219-00091428 Technical College System is a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00349-00091429-00091698 the heart it plays a critical role in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00350-00091699-00091947 the economic growth and prosperity of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00351-00091948-00092265 this this state these additional funds ZZN3mEAjdEA-00352-00092266-00092496 will allow a Technical College's to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00353-00092497-00092675 develop partnerships with local ZZN3mEAjdEA-00354-00092676-00092922 businesses and high schools for ZZN3mEAjdEA-00355-00092923-00093188 internships and certificates in the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00356-00093189-00093476 skilled technical trades my budget ZZN3mEAjdEA-00357-00093477-00093780 triples at that budget that 63 million ZZN3mEAjdEA-00358-00093781-00094116 triples funding with 19 million dollars ZZN3mEAjdEA-00359-00094117-00094296 for a Technical College system ZZN3mEAjdEA-00360-00094297-00094601 successful nationally recognized ready ZZN3mEAjdEA-00361-00094602-00094937 South Carolina program ready SC they ZZN3mEAjdEA-00362-00094938-00095132 talk about it around the world where we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00363-00095133-00095361 will have our people from the Technical ZZN3mEAjdEA-00364-00095362-00095612 College System go to look at a plant in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00365-00095613-00095847 another country and come back and set up ZZN3mEAjdEA-00366-00095848-00096044 a curricular built for that company ZZN3mEAjdEA-00367-00096045-00096212 nobody else in the United States does ZZN3mEAjdEA-00368-00096213-00096506 that well we go supercharge that with 19 ZZN3mEAjdEA-00369-00096507-00096735 more million out of out of that 63 ZZN3mEAjdEA-00370-00096736-00096972 million and again that is that is the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00371-00096973-00097293 key to that education that is a critical ZZN3mEAjdEA-00372-00097294-00097649 part of our educational approach we must ZZN3mEAjdEA-00373-00097650-00098037 be bold as I've mentioned to the leaders ZZN3mEAjdEA-00374-00098038-00098298 of the legislature of General Assembly ZZN3mEAjdEA-00375-00098299-00098604 Wien conferences and discussions for ZZN3mEAjdEA-00376-00098605-00098843 some time now we have to be bold alert ZZN3mEAjdEA-00377-00098844-00099080 and think long term and that of course ZZN3mEAjdEA-00378-00099081-00099446 includes and takes us to public safety ZZN3mEAjdEA-00379-00099447-00099765 public safety you can't have any of what ZZN3mEAjdEA-00380-00099766-00099966 I've been discussing without public ZZN3mEAjdEA-00381-00099967-00100146 safety if we know if we have to fill ZZN3mEAjdEA-00382-00100147-00100380 ourselves our children our property ZZN3mEAjdEA-00383-00100381-00100601 every time we leave the house and we we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00384-00100602-00100935 have major problems my budget takes ZZN3mEAjdEA-00385-00100936-00101199 action to lower the tax burden on ZZN3mEAjdEA-00386-00101200-00101403 retired military veterans and first ZZN3mEAjdEA-00387-00101404-00101705 responders I asked for this last year we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00388-00101706-00101900 didn't get it we need to get it this ZZN3mEAjdEA-00389-00101901-00102048 year it's a part of our economic ZZN3mEAjdEA-00390-00102049-00102324 prosperity and growth that includes ZZN3mEAjdEA-00391-00102325-00102501 retired state and federal law ZZN3mEAjdEA-00392-00102502-00102716 enforcement officers firefighters and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00393-00102717-00103010 peace officers how we're going to do it ZZN3mEAjdEA-00394-00103011-00103265 is through a full retirement income ZZN3mEAjdEA-00395-00103266-00103565 exemption if you're the military it's ZZN3mEAjdEA-00396-00103566-00103760 law enforcement and you retired ZZN3mEAjdEA-00397-00103761-00104064 receiving income that retirement income ZZN3mEAjdEA-00398-00104065-00104313 is exempt from income tax in South ZZN3mEAjdEA-00399-00104314-00104364 Carolina ZZN3mEAjdEA-00400-00104365-00104601 what will this do this will aid ZZN3mEAjdEA-00401-00104602-00104810 dramatically in the retention of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00402-00104811-00105075 experienced qualified police officers ZZN3mEAjdEA-00403-00105076-00105327 firefighters and others to stay in our ZZN3mEAjdEA-00404-00105328-00105570 state and work and add their strength to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00405-00105571-00105876 have prosperity I've also included an ZZN3mEAjdEA-00406-00105877-00106056 additional thirty three point six ZZN3mEAjdEA-00407-00106057-00106368 million dollars for law enforcement for ZZN3mEAjdEA-00408-00106369-00106617 raises raises this will result in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00409-00106618-00106875 retention for corrections officers law ZZN3mEAjdEA-00410-00106876-00107094 enforcement probation firefighting and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00411-00107095-00107360 other criminal justice agencies to use ZZN3mEAjdEA-00412-00107361-00107679 for those pay raises that turns us to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00413-00107680-00107949 prisons in order to expedite security ZZN3mEAjdEA-00414-00107950-00108153 system upgrades as well as critical ZZN3mEAjdEA-00415-00108154-00108399 repairs to damaged prison filling ZZN3mEAjdEA-00416-00108400-00108719 facilities I'm seeking an additional ZZN3mEAjdEA-00417-00108720-00108954 forty million dollars that will be ZZN3mEAjdEA-00418-00108955-00109101 provided to the Department of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00419-00109102-00109332 Corrections to keep both inmates and the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00420-00109333-00109590 corrections officers safe and as you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00421-00109591-00109857 know how our state again with director ZZN3mEAjdEA-00422-00109858-00110022 sterling is leading in the country and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00423-00110023-00110202 innovative programs to take prisoners ZZN3mEAjdEA-00424-00110203-00110429 who have served their time have paid the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00425-00110430-00110640 price and on the way out to get them ZZN3mEAjdEA-00426-00110641-00110879 ready for the workplace that is a great ZZN3mEAjdEA-00427-00110880-00111138 program and again it's all aimed towards ZZN3mEAjdEA-00428-00111139-00111413 the economic prosperity of our people ZZN3mEAjdEA-00429-00111414-00111785 ethics maintaining the public's trust in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00430-00111786-00111963 government at all levels or pilot ZZN3mEAjdEA-00431-00111964-00112203 requires transparency and accountability ZZN3mEAjdEA-00432-00112204-00112581 and why and how every single tax dollar ZZN3mEAjdEA-00433-00112582-00112869 is spent I believe that the best in fist ZZN3mEAjdEA-00434-00112870-00113097 best disinfectant against waste and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00435-00113098-00113382 corruption or suspicions of waste and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00436-00113383-00113703 corruption is sunshine that is open the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00437-00113704-00113891 door let the Sun Shine in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00438-00113892-00114158 anyone that is anyone who is paid to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00439-00114158-00114657 influence decisions elected officials ZZN3mEAjdEA-00440-00114658-00114888 are part officials state county ZZN3mEAjdEA-00441-00114889-00115221 municipal school board or anyone else if ZZN3mEAjdEA-00442-00115222-00115599 they are paid to pro to influence the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00443-00115600-00115854 decision of these officials then they ZZN3mEAjdEA-00444-00115855-00116175 must register as a lobbyist that is not ZZN3mEAjdEA-00445-00116176-00116429 the law now the law only requires those ZZN3mEAjdEA-00446-00116430-00116619 who Lobby the members of the General ZZN3mEAjdEA-00447-00116620-00116889 Assembly the agencies the executive it ZZN3mEAjdEA-00448-00116890-00117114 only requires them to register as ZZN3mEAjdEA-00449-00117115-00117421 lobbyists in paint but as you may know ZZN3mEAjdEA-00450-00117422-00117759 that much lobbying that goes on in these ZZN3mEAjdEA-00451-00117760-00117994 other entities in the city halls and the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00452-00117995-00118203 County Council's at the school boards ZZN3mEAjdEA-00453-00118204-00118420 all over the place well if they are ZZN3mEAjdEA-00454-00118421-00118645 lobbying if they paid by someone else ZZN3mEAjdEA-00455-00118646-00118894 then they need to register as a lobby ZZN3mEAjdEA-00456-00118895-00119100 and they need to pay the fee for that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00457-00119101-00119453 and the fee for that we write we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00458-00119454-00119685 calculate will come to about a hundred ZZN3mEAjdEA-00459-00119686-00119934 and eighty five thousand dollars a year ZZN3mEAjdEA-00460-00119935-00120346 and that will be used to enhance the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00461-00120347-00120636 investigative power of our Ethics ZZN3mEAjdEA-00462-00120637-00121028 Commission finally as I stated last week ZZN3mEAjdEA-00463-00121029-00121365 those of us in this building and around ZZN3mEAjdEA-00464-00121366-00121549 the state that are involved in in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00465-00121550-00121833 government are all on the same team ZZN3mEAjdEA-00466-00121833-00122032 sometimes we don't speak the same ZZN3mEAjdEA-00467-00122033-00122250 language and sometimes we certainly ZZN3mEAjdEA-00468-00122251-00122499 don't wear the same jerseys but we're ZZN3mEAjdEA-00469-00122500-00122838 all on the same team we all play under ZZN3mEAjdEA-00470-00122839-00123081 the bound of the state of South Carolina ZZN3mEAjdEA-00471-00123082-00123445 it is a very proud battle and it is one ZZN3mEAjdEA-00472-00123446-00123643 that we are dedicated to seeing it's ZZN3mEAjdEA-00473-00123644-00123946 never soil but it's risen we rise high ZZN3mEAjdEA-00474-00123947-00124287 to take out people give them the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00475-00124288-00124597 opportunity to go as far as an ambition ZZN3mEAjdEA-00476-00124598-00124996 talents will take them that means we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00477-00124997-00125235 must turn the page we must have a new ZZN3mEAjdEA-00478-00125236-00125574 day on education in South Carolina we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00479-00125575-00125900 must remember that we are in an economic ZZN3mEAjdEA-00480-00125901-00126141 competition we must remember that we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00481-00126142-00126493 must keep the sick people safe and if we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00482-00126494-00126879 do that if we do those things and all it ZZN3mEAjdEA-00483-00126880-00127137 takes to do that we have the spirit all ZZN3mEAjdEA-00484-00127138-00127531 it takes is passing a few laws changing ZZN3mEAjdEA-00485-00127532-00127899 a few systems which only requires ZZN3mEAjdEA-00486-00127900-00128272 signing papers and voting it's not heavy ZZN3mEAjdEA-00487-00128273-00128574 lifted it's debate and it's making a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00488-00128575-00128731 determination that we're going to go ZZN3mEAjdEA-00489-00128732-00128974 forward if we do those things South ZZN3mEAjdEA-00490-00128975-00129351 Carolina's future is bright bright and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00491-00129352-00129413 our ZZN3mEAjdEA-00492-00129414-00129752 I hope our children will stay here that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00493-00129753-00129950 a lot of them that go to other places we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00494-00129951-00130186 want them to understand South Carolina ZZN3mEAjdEA-00495-00130188-00130358 is the best place to be and this is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00496-00130358-00130595 where they ought to be and as an aside a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00497-00130596-00130820 lot of my friends go on vacations to all ZZN3mEAjdEA-00498-00130821-00131024 sorts of places there good old root bar ZZN3mEAjdEA-00499-00131025-00131225 they go to Antigua and I say if you've ZZN3mEAjdEA-00500-00131226-00131489 been to Polly's island and they have you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00501-00131490-00131633 been to Caesars head ZZN3mEAjdEA-00502-00131634-00131828 have you been to those places as ZZN3mEAjdEA-00503-00131829-00132083 certainly as spectacular as anyone we've ZZN3mEAjdEA-00504-00132084-00132335 got it all in South Carolina and we need ZZN3mEAjdEA-00505-00132336-00132551 to proud of it be proud of it and we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00506-00132552-00132749 need to be sure we make it even better ZZN3mEAjdEA-00507-00132750-00133264 for future generations words thank you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00508-00133265-00133472 well I just want to thank you all for ZZN3mEAjdEA-00509-00133473-00133778 coming this morning not only I should ZZN3mEAjdEA-00510-00133779-00133952 lieutenant-governor present mom I'm very ZZN3mEAjdEA-00511-00133953-00134153 excited about a lot of the things that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00512-00134154-00134333 the governor presented this morning and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00513-00134334-00134477 I'm looking forward to rolling up my ZZN3mEAjdEA-00514-00134478-00134708 sleeves working with the House and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00515-00134709-00134885 Senate to make sure we get a lot of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00516-00134886-00135152 these agenda items passed because this ZZN3mEAjdEA-00517-00135153-00135304 this is going to be good for the people ZZN3mEAjdEA-00518-00135305-00135533 of South Carolina so again thank you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00519-00135534-00135718 very much for showing up this morning ZZN3mEAjdEA-00520-00135719-00136446 any questions yes ZZN3mEAjdEA-00521-00136447-00137138 [Music] ZZN3mEAjdEA-00522-00137139-00137421 it's the things that have been on the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00523-00137422-00137598 subjects that I mentioned the points I ZZN3mEAjdEA-00524-00137599-00137889 mentioned and it appears that everyone ZZN3mEAjdEA-00525-00137890-00138162 is in agreement there may be a little ZZN3mEAjdEA-00526-00138163-00138462 difference in tone because sometimes we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00527-00138463-00138645 do speak this is in different different ZZN3mEAjdEA-00528-00138646-00138852 parties as well in different parts of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00529-00138853-00139203 the state but I think the consensus from ZZN3mEAjdEA-00530-00139204-00139500 those that I've had conversations with ZZN3mEAjdEA-00531-00139501-00139795 and over over months is now now it's the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00532-00139796-00140127 time that this year is is the right year ZZN3mEAjdEA-00533-00140128-00140496 and the fact that we have this surplus ZZN3mEAjdEA-00534-00140497-00140818 that we was not expected coming in is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00535-00140819-00141204 like a gift from from the sky it makes ZZN3mEAjdEA-00536-00141205-00141450 it more imperative that we do it this ZZN3mEAjdEA-00537-00141451-00141672 year but I think we've I think we've ZZN3mEAjdEA-00538-00141673-00141870 built a great team now then maybe some ZZN3mEAjdEA-00539-00141871-00142098 that have a few differences on the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00540-00142099-00142257 details but the general thrust is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00541-00142258-00142461 everyone I've talked to understands that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00542-00142462-00142800 this is this is our year to take ZZN3mEAjdEA-00543-00142801-00143039 education in South Carolina to the top ZZN3mEAjdEA-00544-00143040-00143975 yes as you know governor Haley appointed ZZN3mEAjdEA-00545-00143976-00144237 former attorney general Travis little up ZZN3mEAjdEA-00546-00144238-00144504 Medlock and me to head the ethics reform ZZN3mEAjdEA-00547-00144505-00144816 Commission in 2012 we issued a report ZZN3mEAjdEA-00548-00144817-00145318 who had a a great group again that I say ZZN3mEAjdEA-00549-00145319-00145543 again the talent in this state is is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00550-00145544-00145791 unbelievable and we have plenty of it ZZN3mEAjdEA-00551-00145792-00146061 and if you to digress for a moment if ZZN3mEAjdEA-00552-00146062-00146433 you look at our flood water flooding ZZN3mEAjdEA-00553-00146434-00146607 Commission if you look at the talent on ZZN3mEAjdEA-00554-00146608-00146912 that I think you'll agree wholeheartedly ZZN3mEAjdEA-00555-00146913-00147279 so we had great talent and insight on ZZN3mEAjdEA-00556-00147280-00147495 that commission we met four months ZZN3mEAjdEA-00557-00147496-00147741 issued a report some of those things had ZZN3mEAjdEA-00558-00147742-00147886 been adopted others ZZN3mEAjdEA-00559-00147887-00148132 have not been but to one of them that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00560-00148133-00148321 one of the recommendations we made was ZZN3mEAjdEA-00561-00148322-00148681 to have everyone that influences for ZZN3mEAjdEA-00562-00148682-00148870 money that is working for someone else ZZN3mEAjdEA-00563-00148871-00149101 working to a principle to influence any ZZN3mEAjdEA-00564-00149102-00149377 sort of a public official of needs to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00565-00149378-00149626 register as a lobbyist but this ethics ZZN3mEAjdEA-00566-00149627-00149860 reform has been something that many of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00567-00149861-00150087 us in public life had been very ZZN3mEAjdEA-00568-00150088-00150370 important but been emphasizing for many ZZN3mEAjdEA-00569-00150371-00151671 years I am one of those no questions ZZN3mEAjdEA-00570-00151672-00151936 let's say it's the level it's an index ZZN3mEAjdEA-00571-00151937-00152158 of the district district based on ZZN3mEAjdEA-00572-00152159-00152578 poverty well that's as far as we went ZZN3mEAjdEA-00573-00152579-00152752 that might be where the money runs out ZZN3mEAjdEA-00574-00152753-00153088 we do what we're going to do is start it ZZN3mEAjdEA-00575-00153089-00153394 is heart where it is needed the most and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00576-00153395-00153715 work our way up and if if the program ZZN3mEAjdEA-00577-00153716-00154090 works as well as we believe it will then ZZN3mEAjdEA-00578-00154091-00154261 this this will be a great thing to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00579-00154262-00154573 expand upon in the future part of this ZZN3mEAjdEA-00580-00154574-00154942 is recognizing that education in one ZZN3mEAjdEA-00581-00154943-00155224 County is as important to the people in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00582-00155225-00155479 that county as it is as it is to the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00583-00155480-00155719 people in this county the way all one ZZN3mEAjdEA-00584-00155720-00156046 part of the of the whole as john dunn ZZN3mEAjdEA-00585-00156047-00156382 said in 1720 of 1624 is out when it was ZZN3mEAjdEA-00586-00156383-00156520 no man is an island ZZN3mEAjdEA-00587-00156521-00156745 he just a part of the main part of the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00588-00156746-00157024 mainland sending upsetting every man's ZZN3mEAjdEA-00589-00157025-00157339 life affects Meis and not to know know ZZN3mEAjdEA-00590-00157340-00157555 For Whom the Bell Tolls it tolls for ZZN3mEAjdEA-00591-00157556-00157732 thee ZZN3mEAjdEA-00592-00157733-00157993 I thought you'd be interested I do I've ZZN3mEAjdEA-00593-00157994-00158317 read a book but that's the way we need ZZN3mEAjdEA-00594-00158318-00158425 to see it and there a lot of other ZZN3mEAjdEA-00595-00158426-00158578 things we need to see that way because ZZN3mEAjdEA-00596-00158579-00158818 we've got a great team if you if you had ZZN3mEAjdEA-00597-00158819-00159016 to throw a net around and draw a circle ZZN3mEAjdEA-00598-00159017-00159256 around any place in the country where ZZN3mEAjdEA-00599-00159257-00159498 you're looking for talent resources a ZZN3mEAjdEA-00600-00159499-00159703 magnificent environment this would be ZZN3mEAjdEA-00601-00159704-00159979 the place so I think we need to start ZZN3mEAjdEA-00602-00159980-00160168 acting like that and that that means if ZZN3mEAjdEA-00603-00160169-00160351 someone has a problem there and we can ZZN3mEAjdEA-00604-00160352-00160528 we can fix it over here then we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00605-00160529-00160793 and fix these new words collaborate ZZN3mEAjdEA-00606-00160794-00161132 communicate and cooperate usually in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00607-00161133-00161398 government you have silo silo silo and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00608-00161399-00161554 you have people even in different ZZN3mEAjdEA-00609-00161555-00161768 agencies working at odds we eliminating ZZN3mEAjdEA-00610-00161769-00162068 all those silos and now hallmarks could ZZN3mEAjdEA-00611-00162069-00163140 be communicate collaborate and cooperate ZZN3mEAjdEA-00612-00163141-00163399 this is a better way that the best way ZZN3mEAjdEA-00613-00163400-00163634 to see it is to see it from from the top ZZN3mEAjdEA-00614-00163635-00163861 if you've ever looked at a maze and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00615-00163862-00164072 you're in the maze and you're trying to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00616-00164073-00164275 find your way around you can't do it but ZZN3mEAjdEA-00617-00164276-00164468 if you go up above and you're able to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00618-00164469-00164641 look down at the whole picture you can ZZN3mEAjdEA-00619-00164642-00164800 see it's very easy where you take the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00620-00164801-00165022 turns and where the dead end zone ZZN3mEAjdEA-00621-00165023-00165269 likewise the Department of Commerce in ZZN3mEAjdEA-00622-00165270-00165577 their contacts with people around the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00623-00165578-00165802 world business leaders people who won't ZZN3mEAjdEA-00624-00165803-00165985 invest money people in the state who ZZN3mEAjdEA-00625-00165986-00166133 want to move are looking for another ZZN3mEAjdEA-00626-00166134-00166397 location site locators that come they ZZN3mEAjdEA-00627-00166398-00166556 don't go to the districts they don't go ZZN3mEAjdEA-00628-00166557-00166745 to the counties they have some kind of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00629-00166746-00166883 participation of course because the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00630-00166884-00167053 counties have the economic groups as ZZN3mEAjdEA-00631-00167054-00167185 well but it always come to the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00632-00167186-00167389 Department of Commerce so that is the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00633-00167390-00167635 right place from which to begin making ZZN3mEAjdEA-00634-00167636-00167824 those kind of decisions course it will ZZN3mEAjdEA-00635-00167825-00168068 have to be with input from the various ZZN3mEAjdEA-00636-00168069-00168908 districts well that was not the goal but ZZN3mEAjdEA-00637-00168909-00169222 that will be a byproduct of that it'll ZZN3mEAjdEA-00638-00169223-00169462 be carefully monitored by the state ZZN3mEAjdEA-00639-00169463-00169600 through the department through the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00640-00169601-00169832 Department of Commerce the information ZZN3mEAjdEA-00641-00169833-00170065 how are the monies used what and what's ZZN3mEAjdEA-00642-00170066-00170347 being done will be very easy to to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00643-00170348-00170732 access for anyone in this build in other ZZN3mEAjdEA-00644-00170733-00170878 places who want to have it because of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00645-00170879-00171352 being one place ZZN3mEAjdEA-00646-00171353-00171896 you can't it's time freighters now we go ZZN3mEAjdEA-00647-00171897-00172142 we'll do this this year the only time we ZZN3mEAjdEA-00648-00172143-00173105 have is now that's all well no this is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00649-00173106-00173471 recurring this is recurring money mr. ZZN3mEAjdEA-00650-00173472-00173893 Kenney ZZN3mEAjdEA-00651-00173894-00174100 [Music] ZZN3mEAjdEA-00652-00174101-00174470 probably not ZZN3mEAjdEA-00653-00174471-00175128 yesterday ZZN3mEAjdEA-00654-00175129-00175294 you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00655-00175295-00176218 I'm sorry I couldn't hear you ZZN3mEAjdEA-00656-00176219-00176489 I'd say whoever that person is mighty ZZN3mEAjdEA-00657-00176490-00177485 lucky okay I'm glad you asked that ZZN3mEAjdEA-00658-00177486-00177677 question that is what we are going to do ZZN3mEAjdEA-00659-00177678-00177974 we have a we have a new player on the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00660-00177975-00178142 field our lieutenant governor is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00661-00178143-00178432 committed to this and she and I will be ZZN3mEAjdEA-00662-00178433-00178712 promoting this in every way that we can ZZN3mEAjdEA-00663-00178713-00179042 and that is typically by explaining it ZZN3mEAjdEA-00664-00179043-00179435 to groups to leaders to interested ZZN3mEAjdEA-00665-00179436-00179699 citizens around the state so you can ZZN3mEAjdEA-00666-00179700-00180035 expect to see us and others and some of ZZN3mEAjdEA-00667-00180036-00180221 some of the legislative leaders already ZZN3mEAjdEA-00668-00180222-00180454 talking about this and this is this is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00669-00180455-00180875 again is a big team but we the two of us ZZN3mEAjdEA-00670-00180876-00181079 intend to be sure that everyone in the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00671-00181080-00181367 state is aware of what what of this ZZN3mEAjdEA-00672-00181368-00181568 effort and if they know why it is ZZN3mEAjdEA-00673-00181569-00181742 important for them to get behind it and ZZN3mEAjdEA-00674-00181743-00181973 support again our future is so bright ZZN3mEAjdEA-00675-00181974-00182225 it's so bright and we yet we have to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00676-00182226-00182480 change a few laws that's all we need to ZZN3mEAjdEA-00677-00182481-00182687 do just change a few laws make some ZZN3mEAjdEA-00678-00182688-00182921 decisions and there's no stopping the ZZN3mEAjdEA-00679-00182922-00183053 people of this state they're great ZZN3mEAjdEA-00680-00183054-00183449 people thank you ZZTm3cU7TCk-00000-00000308-00000870 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00001-00000871-00001558 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00002-00001559-00002120 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00003-00002121-00002808 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00004-00002809-00003363 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00005-00003364-00004056 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00006-00004057-00004622 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00007-00004623-00005309 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00008-00005310-00005872 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00009-00005873-00006559 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00010-00006561-00007116 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00011-00007117-00007809 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00012-00007811-00008371 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00013-00008372-00009060 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00014-00009061-00009614 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00015-00009615-00010309 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00016-00010310-00010874 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00017-00010875-00011562 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00018-00011563-00012124 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00019-00012125-00012812 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00020-00012813-00013366 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00021-00013368-00014060 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00022-00014061-00014622 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00023-00014624-00015311 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00024-00015312-00015869 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00025-00015869-00016563 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00026-00016564-00017119 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00027-00017120-00017813 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZTm3cU7TCk-00028-00017814-00018368 topic see also ZZTm3cU7TCk-00029-00018369-00018902 smooth Atlas smooth frame ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00000-00000023-00000394 sir George Paget Thompson FRS the 3rd of ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00001-00000395-00000746 May 18 92 to the 10th of September 1975 ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00002-00000747-00000941 was an English physicist in Nobel ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00003-00000942-00001139 laureate in physics recognized for his ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00004-00001140-00001328 discovery of the wave properties of the ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00005-00001329-00001884 electron by electron diffraction ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00006-00001885-00002411 pick education and early life ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00007-00002412-00002639 Thompson was born in Cambridge England ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00008-00002640-00002903 the son of physicist and Nobel laureate ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00009-00002904-00003158 JJ Thompson and Rose Elizabeth Padgett ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00010-00003159-00003352 daughter of George Edward pageant ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00011-00003353-00003560 Thompson went to the per school ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00012-00003561-00003728 Cambridge before going on to read ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00013-00003729-00003917 mathematics and physics at Trinity ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00014-00003918-00004136 College Cambridge until the outbreak of ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00015-00004137-00004394 World War one in 1914 when he was ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00016-00004395-00004574 commissioned into the Queen's Royal West ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00017-00004575-00004847 Surrey regiment after brief service in ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00018-00004848-00005047 France he worked on aerodynamics at ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00019-00005048-00005294 Farnborough and elsewhere he resigned ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00020-00005295-00005820 his commission as a captain in 1920 ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00021-00005821-00006315 topic courier ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00022-00006316-00006555 after briefly serving in the first world ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00023-00006556-00006738 war Thompson became a fellow at ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00024-00006739-00006867 Cambridge and then moved to the ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00025-00006868-00007140 University of Aberdeen George Thompson ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00026-00007141-00007344 was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00027-00007345-00007653 Physics in 1937 for his work in Aberdeen ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00028-00007654-00007803 in discovering the wave-like properties ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00029-00007804-00008084 of the electron the prize was shared ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00030-00008086-00008289 with Clinton Joseph Davison who had made ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00031-00008290-00008577 the same discovery independently whereas ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00032-00008578-00008766 his father had seen the electron as a ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00033-00008767-00008982 particle and won his Nobel Prize in the ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00034-00008983-00009051 process ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00035-00009052-00009219 Thompson demonstrated that it could be ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00036-00009220-00009390 diffracted like a wave a discovery ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00037-00009391-00009588 proving the principle of wave particle ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00038-00009589-00009810 duality which had first been posited by ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00039-00009811-00010074 lewis victor de Broglie in the 1920s is ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00040-00010075-00010227 what has often dubbed the de Broglie ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00041-00010228-00010698 hypothesis between 1929 1930 Thompson ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00042-00010699-00010896 was a non-resident lecturer at Cornell ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00043-00010897-00011268 University Ithaca New York in 1930 he ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00044-00011269-00011471 was appointed professor at Imperial ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00045-00011472-00011652 College London in the chair of the late ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00046-00011653-00011955 Huw Longbourn calendar in the late 1930s ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00047-00011956-00012207 and during the Second World War Thompson ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00048-00012208-00012377 specialized in nuclear physics ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00049-00012378-00012563 concentrating on practical military ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00050-00012564-00012894 applications in particular Thompson was ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00051-00012894-00013038 the chairman of the crucial mod ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00052-00013038-00013374 committee in 1940 1941 that concluded ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00053-00013375-00013563 that an atomic bomb was feasible in ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00054-00013563-00013833 later life he continued this work on ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00055-00013834-00014055 nuclear energy but also wrote works on ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00056-00014056-00014241 aerodynamics and the value of science ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00057-00014241-00014387 and society ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00058-00014388-00014613 Thompson stayed at Imperial College ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00059-00014613-00014910 until 1952 when he became master of ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00060-00014911-00015297 Corpus Christi College Cambridge in 1964 ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00061-00015297-00015474 the College honored his tenure with the ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00062-00015475-00015660 George Thompson building a work of ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00063-00015661-00015849 modernist architecture on the college's ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00064-00015850-00016254 like Hampton campus ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00065-00016255-00016813 topic awards and honors ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00066-00016814-00017035 in addition to winning the Nobel Prize ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00067-00017036-00017302 in Physics Thomson was knighted in 1943 ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00068-00017303-00017647 he gave the address to aspects of ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00069-00017648-00017878 science as president of the British ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00070-00017879-00018533 Association for 1959-1960 ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00071-00018534-00019010 topic personal life ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00072-00019011-00019298 in 1924 Thompson married Kathleen ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00073-00019299-00019537 Buchanan Smith daughter of the very rare ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00074-00019538-00019841 sir George Adams Smith they had four ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00075-00019842-00020054 children two sons and two daughters ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00076-00020055-00020431 Kathleen died in 1941 Thompson died in ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00077-00020432-00020693 1975 and is buried with his wife in ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00078-00020694-00020984 Grantchester parish churchyard one son ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00079-00020985-00021443 Sir John Thompson diplomat gcmg 1927 to ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00080-00021444-00021713 2018 became a senior diplomat who served ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00081-00021714-00022067 as High Commissioner to India 1977 to 82 ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00082-00022068-00022241 and permanent representative to the ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00083-00022242-00022565 United Nations 1982 to 87 and his ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00084-00022566-00022924 grandson sir Adam Thompson diplomat KCMG ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00085-00022925-00023201 1955 present also became a senior ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00086-00023202-00023390 diplomat serving as High Commissioner to ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00087-00023391-00023714 Pakistan 2010 to 2013 and his permanent ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00088-00023715-00024420 representative to NATO 2014 to 2016 ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00089-00024421-00024936 topic references ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00090-00024937-00025494 topic external links ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00091-00025495-00025752 annotated bibliography for George Paget ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00092-00025754-00026017 Thompson from the also Stijl library for ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00093-00026018-00026335 nuclear issues George Thompson portraits ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00094-00026336-00026620 at the National Portrait Gallery George ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00095-00026620-00026802 Thompson biography at binding and ZZZMPoRxVuQ-00096-00026804-00027063 University ZaztyJDxwsu-00000-00000117-00001308 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00001-00001309-00002537 yeah ZaztyJDxwsu-00003-00006404-00008614 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00005-00011674-00013130 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00006-00013131-00014736 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00007-00014737-00016956 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00008-00016957-00017823 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00009-00017824-00018629 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00010-00018630-00020100 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00011-00020101-00022046 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00012-00022047-00022173 yeah ZaztyJDxwsu-00013-00022174-00023297 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00014-00023298-00024016 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00015-00024017-00025606 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00016-00025607-00028064 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00017-00028064-00029832 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00019-00033389-00034126 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00020-00034127-00035250 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00021-00035251-00036025 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00022-00036026-00036551 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00023-00036552-00038062 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00025-00041516-00043137 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00026-00043138-00044634 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00027-00044635-00045440 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00028-00045441-00046441 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00029-00046442-00049412 [Music] ZaztyJDxwsu-00030-00049413-00052051 okay listen take this possible - wha ZaztyJDxwsu-00031-00052052-00052258 you ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00000-00000024-00000214 today and tomorrow ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00001-00000215-00000415 the noble art of self-defense is perhaps ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00002-00000416-00000591 never more nobly demonstrated than in ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00003-00000592-00000823 judo correct modern term for the more ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00004-00000824-00001103 widely known word jujitsu hi this is ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00005-00001104-00001239 shady and today we're going to be ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00006-00001240-00001478 discussing 1930s judo ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00007-00001479-00001710 both from randori standpoint and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00008-00001711-00002023 self-defense standpoint from a rendering ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00009-00002023-00002231 standpoint i saw a lot of things that ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00010-00002232-00002479 were missing uh back then compared to ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00011-00002480-00002742 today's olympic and world championship ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00012-00002743-00002983 judo the high level that we've reached ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00013-00002984-00003199 but when it comes to self-defense it was ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00014-00003200-00003431 much more richer as you would ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00015-00003432-00003654 imagine so today we will look at the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00016-00003655-00003990 multiple attackers not just your regular ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00017-00003992-00004183 single attacks but ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00018-00004184-00004335 how they kept things lively and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00019-00004336-00004622 constantly on the move and also see the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00020-00004623-00004831 things that they lacked in terms of uh ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00021-00004832-00005022 rendering but also ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00022-00005023-00005270 the good things like uh the engagement ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00023-00005271-00005518 and nawaza so we're gonna be looking at ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00024-00005519-00005815 1930s or throughout the 50s which is not ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00025-00005816-00006006 completely you know different it's i ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00026-00006007-00006215 would say the same judo so the first ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00027-00006216-00006375 thing that we're going to look at is how ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00028-00006376-00006575 they quickly establish the grips and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00029-00006576-00006798 proceed to do randori and then hits him ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00030-00006800-00007063 with this beautiful yoko gaki look at ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00031-00007064-00007278 the engagement and nawaz are constantly ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00032-00007279-00007655 ready and here you can see yokogake ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00033-00007656-00007878 it's beautiful it's rarely done yokogake ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00034-00007879-00008063 is a sacrificing throw where you hook ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00035-00008064-00008342 the outside of the foot and then you ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00036-00008343-00008631 sacrifice yourself sideways and taking ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00037-00008632-00008910 them down for ippon ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00038-00008911-00009183 it is found in nage no kata in the yoko ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00039-00009184-00009295 tsutemi ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00040-00009296-00009567 wasa part here you can see ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00041-00009568-00009710 in randori you would imagine it's going ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00042-00009711-00009951 to look much less graceful as your ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00043-00009952-00010238 opponent is resisting as you just saw in ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00044-00010239-00010814 the randori in 1937 i believe or 1938 so ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00045-00010815-00011023 i want to take a look at the gripping ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00046-00011024-00011119 again ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00047-00011120-00011206 this is ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00048-00011207-00011455 from the 1964 olympics and you can see ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00049-00011456-00011631 they just immediately established the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00050-00011632-00011887 grips and then they proceed to try to ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00051-00011888-00012151 throw uh each other today's world as you ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00052-00012152-00012542 can imagine this is an impossibility as ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00053-00012543-00012735 there's just so much that goes into grip ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00054-00012736-00012927 fighting today from tactics from ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00055-00012928-00013127 different styles of gripping ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00056-00013128-00013327 from different approaches different ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00057-00013328-00013543 tricks into baiting someone into a ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00058-00013544-00013822 position or how to escape a particular ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00059-00013823-00013927 position ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00060-00013928-00014151 many backup plans so you would imagine ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00061-00014152-00014358 that just gripping sleeve and lapel and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00062-00014359-00014566 proceeding to do it just like you saw in ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00063-00014568-00014886 the 1930s and the 1964 olympics ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00064-00014887-00015079 i would say it's impossible uh if you ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00065-00015080-00015415 just watch in a way kosei here just ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00066-00015416-00015599 having so many tactics against so many ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00067-00015600-00015822 different groups or how to get the lapel ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00068-00015823-00016079 how to get the sleeve lapel feeds uh in ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00069-00016080-00016271 jiu jitsu and judo lapel feed is a ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00070-00016272-00016607 completely different thing by the way so ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00071-00016608-00016750 as you can imagine this is one thing ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00072-00016751-00016943 that judo has clearly evolved in and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00073-00016944-00017143 that is the fierce group fighting that ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00074-00017144-00017391 is happening today uh in terms of ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00075-00017392-00017519 getting the grips there are guys that ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00076-00017520-00017703 are just so good that they have all ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00077-00017704-00017863 their grips on you and you can't even ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00078-00017864-00018119 put your hand on them this is how much ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00079-00018120-00018463 the game has evolved so the second thing ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00080-00018464-00018686 i want to discuss in those old randori ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00081-00018687-00018919 is the readiness to engage in newaza and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00082-00018920-00019119 here this the lahiba hook ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00083-00019120-00019294 looking at it from a judo perspective ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00084-00019295-00019543 not from bjj perspective telehiba seems ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00085-00019544-00019847 very instinctive uh from the amount of ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00086-00019848-00020047 sutemiwaza that you do in judo and how ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00087-00020048-00020286 you explode in suddenly into it ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00088-00020287-00020599 uh as you are trying to throw someone so ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00089-00020600-00020743 the first ever ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00090-00020744-00020863 documented ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00091-00020864-00021127 uh de la hiva lesson here how it ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00092-00021128-00021327 explains how to hook from the outside ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00093-00021328-00021519 unless your leg is from this book from ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00094-00021520-00021830 1926 it's called a new style of judo by ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00095-00021831-00022063 kanemitsu yaichube it is still in ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00096-00022064-00022278 japanese till this day but you can see ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00097-00022279-00022567 the photo on the right it is a de la ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00098-00022568-00022830 unfortunately they did not take a photo ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00099-00022831-00023014 from the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00100-00023015-00023222 other side where you can clearly see ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00101-00023223-00023447 where the action is happening so my ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00102-00023448-00023607 opinion it is a very instinctive ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00103-00023608-00023758 position but ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00104-00023759-00023999 uh to work it to where it is today how ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00105-00024000-00024191 they did it in bjj obviously it needs a ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00106-00024192-00024463 lot of crafting decades of crafting but ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00107-00024464-00024678 it is not completely dead in judo as you ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00108-00024679-00024894 can see here maruyama shiro defends ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00109-00024895-00025222 against abe after a failed tomo nagi you ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00110-00025223-00025478 can see hooks grabs the heel ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00111-00025479-00025687 and tries to go to the side not so much ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00112-00025688-00025894 in the front now let's take a look at ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00113-00025895-00026150 self-defense drills and demonstrations ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00114-00026151-00026335 they seem very lively and also they have ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00115-00026336-00026495 thought of the concept of multiple ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00116-00026495-00026599 opponents ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00117-00026600-00026758 it seems a little bit like your mob ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00118-00026760-00026943 movie where guys are gripping you and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00119-00026944-00027239 one guy is taking care of the victim so ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00120-00027239-00027390 this is clearly different from the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00121-00027391-00027567 ikijutsu slash ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00122-00027568-00027783 aikido ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00123-00027783-00028031 method of doing these multiple opponent ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00124-00028032-00028327 scenarios where aikido or dai toru aiki ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00125-00028327-00028527 jiu jitsu they're demonstrating more the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00126-00028527-00028711 harmony the technique ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00127-00028712-00029014 the the breathing etc and not so much ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00128-00029016-00029127 the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00129-00029127-00029399 fighting aspect or combative aspect this ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00130-00029400-00029695 is clearly serving a different purpose ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00131-00029695-00029870 than the judo one this one seems a ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00132-00029872-00030102 little bit more uh realistic than the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00133-00030103-00030246 first judo one ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00134-00030247-00030439 where you see the guy is constantly on ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00135-00030439-00030574 the move constantly trying to keep ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00136-00030575-00030695 distance ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00137-00030695-00030814 and here ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00138-00030816-00031062 getting a few judo throws for the crowd ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00139-00031063-00031270 but in terms of constantly being on the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00140-00031272-00031495 move and constantly keeping distance and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00141-00031495-00031679 keeping you know shielding with the ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00142-00031680-00031846 stuff that's around you or with another ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00143-00031847-00032062 person seems like the most likely ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00144-00032063-00032279 scenario um ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00145-00032280-00032518 but this begs the question was it ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00146-00032519-00032662 something they always practiced for ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00147-00032663-00032862 example here you can see in this 1912 ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00148-00032863-00032999 demonstration ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00149-00033000-00033231 uh they're constantly attacking they're ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00150-00033232-00033446 constantly moving it's very lively even ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00151-00033447-00033639 though it's a demonstration you can ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00152-00033640-00033831 easily see someone that's very skilled ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00153-00033832-00034039 pull this off against untrained people ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00154-00034040-00034255 who are just aggressive and they're just ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00155-00034256-00034535 launching as you would see in ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00156-00034536-00034839 normal street scenarios ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00157-00034840-00034959 here you can see ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00158-00034960-00035111 attacks ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00159-00035112-00035302 and then sends him away but after that ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00160-00035303-00035518 you would see attack after attack from ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00161-00035519-00035855 multiple guys uh this seems like uh ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00162-00035856-00036143 something they did a lot back in the day ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00163-00036144-00036246 and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00164-00036247-00036423 again this is something i'm asking is it ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00165-00036424-00036551 something that they constantly did ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00166-00036552-00036815 because if they did that would be really ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00167-00036816-00037127 uh amazing because this is what we lack ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00168-00037128-00037255 today ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00169-00037256-00037559 the olympics the igf has taken over so ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00170-00037560-00037846 much of judo that we forget this part ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00171-00037847-00038071 and we associate self-defense with very ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00172-00038072-00038223 much static ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00173-00038224-00038318 kata ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00174-00038319-00038567 and it's becoming very boring so much so ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00175-00038568-00038735 that no one wants to do it and we've ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00176-00038736-00038974 lost sight of the true message of judo ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00177-00038975-00039199 which is actually self defense growing ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00178-00039200-00039374 your mind and constantly learning and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00179-00039375-00039615 finally the third level as jigorono puts ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00180-00039616-00039871 it which is making a society a better ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00181-00039872-00040095 place so ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00182-00040096-00040243 uh in terms of ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00183-00040244-00040502 conceptualizing judo yes we have strayed ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00184-00040503-00040687 away a lot if you read mind over muscle ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00185-00040688-00040918 you would see that a lot is not being ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00186-00040919-00041174 applied of what kano actually would have ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00187-00041175-00041311 wanted so ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00188-00041312-00041518 this is a very ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00189-00041519-00041702 i would say this is a very sad thing to ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00190-00041703-00041918 be honest because ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00191-00041919-00042111 i a lot of you because when i put that ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00192-00042112-00042302 poll and i asked are you in it for you ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00193-00042303-00042630 know competing or you want to do self do ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00194-00042631-00042758 it for self defense and defending ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00195-00042759-00042990 yourself a lot of people said i'm in it ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00196-00042991-00043174 for self defense i'm in it because ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00197-00043175-00043390 confidence you know being constantly on ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00198-00043391-00043583 the lookout and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00199-00043584-00043702 always ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00200-00043703-00043830 being ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00201-00043831-00044046 you know ready in case something happens ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00202-00044047-00044230 and this is not what we're training for ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00203-00044231-00044543 randori and competing is taking control ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00204-00044544-00044862 of judo and also so many rules that just ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00205-00044863-00045111 in my opinion make zero sense so if you ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00206-00045112-00045430 have anything else to add uh i ask you ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00207-00045431-00045655 please leave it down below and like this ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00208-00045656-00045967 video it's the easiest way to support me ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00209-00045968-00046127 and also consider supporting me on ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00210-00046128-00046271 patreon i have ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00211-00046272-00046479 exclusive content for the patrons only ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00212-00046480-00046567 like ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00213-00046568-00046895 uh behind the scenes full podcast and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00214-00046896-00047079 special videos only for the patrons i ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00215-00047080-00047343 post there about once a week ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00216-00047344-00047486 my main content will always be on ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00217-00047487-00047743 youtube but you don't feel obliged but ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00218-00047744-00047974 your support would mean greatly so if ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00219-00047975-00048135 you have anything else to add please let ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00220-00048136-00048367 me know down below this was shady and ZaCNuW5Ry4k-00221-00048368-00048740 thank you for listening Zbq7iHeDtou-00000-00000003-00000292 an open cluster is a group of up to a Zbq7iHeDtou-00001-00000293-00000491 few thousand stars that were formed from Zbq7iHeDtou-00002-00000492-00000701 the same giant molecular cloud and have Zbq7iHeDtou-00003-00000702-00001108 roughly the same age more than 1100 open Zbq7iHeDtou-00004-00001109-00001295 clusters have been discovered within the Zbq7iHeDtou-00005-00001296-00001504 Milky Way galaxy and many more are Zbq7iHeDtou-00006-00001505-00001768 thought to exist they are loosely bound Zbq7iHeDtou-00007-00001769-00001993 by mutual gravitational attraction and Zbq7iHeDtou-00008-00001994-00002192 become disrupted by close encounters Zbq7iHeDtou-00009-00002193-00002399 with other clusters and clouds of gas as Zbq7iHeDtou-00010-00002400-00002675 they orbit the galactic center this can Zbq7iHeDtou-00011-00002676-00002870 result in a migration to the main body Zbq7iHeDtou-00012-00002871-00003062 of the galaxy and a loss of custom Zbq7iHeDtou-00013-00003063-00003286 embers through internal close encounters Zbq7iHeDtou-00014-00003286-00003545 open clusters generally survive for a Zbq7iHeDtou-00015-00003546-00003736 few hundred million years with the most Zbq7iHeDtou-00016-00003738-00003940 massive ones surviving for a few billion Zbq7iHeDtou-00017-00003942-00004250 years in contrast the more massive Zbq7iHeDtou-00018-00004251-00004442 globular clusters of stars exert a Zbq7iHeDtou-00019-00004443-00004643 stronger gravitational attraction on Zbq7iHeDtou-00020-00004644-00004845 their members and can survive for longer Zbq7iHeDtou-00021-00004846-00005108 open clusters have been found only in Zbq7iHeDtou-00022-00005109-00005347 spiral and irregular galaxies in which Zbq7iHeDtou-00023-00005348-00005576 active star formation is occurring young Zbq7iHeDtou-00024-00005577-00005759 open clusters may be contained within Zbq7iHeDtou-00025-00005760-00005924 the molecular cloud from which they Zbq7iHeDtou-00026-00005925-00006163 formed illuminating it to create an h2 Zbq7iHeDtou-00027-00006164-00006493 region over time radiation pressure from Zbq7iHeDtou-00028-00006494-00006680 the cluster will disperse the molecular Zbq7iHeDtou-00029-00006681-00007009 cloud typically about 10% of the mass of Zbq7iHeDtou-00030-00007011-00007214 a gas cloud will coalesce into stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00031-00007215-00007420 before radiation pressure drives the Zbq7iHeDtou-00032-00007422-00007742 rest of the gas away open clusters are Zbq7iHeDtou-00033-00007743-00007895 key objects in the study of stellar Zbq7iHeDtou-00034-00007895-00008146 evolution because the cluster members Zbq7iHeDtou-00035-00008147-00008303 are of similar age and chemical Zbq7iHeDtou-00036-00008304-00008507 composition their properties such as Zbq7iHeDtou-00037-00008508-00008785 distance age metallicity extinction and Zbq7iHeDtou-00038-00008786-00009010 velocity are more easily determined than Zbq7iHeDtou-00039-00009011-00009302 they are for isolated stars a number of Zbq7iHeDtou-00040-00009303-00009553 open clusters such as the Pleiades hi Zbq7iHeDtou-00041-00009554-00009752 aids or the Alpha per se cluster are Zbq7iHeDtou-00042-00009753-00010010 visible with the naked eye some others Zbq7iHeDtou-00043-00010011-00010205 such as the double cluster are barely Zbq7iHeDtou-00044-00010206-00010388 perceptible without instruments while Zbq7iHeDtou-00045-00010389-00010567 many more can be seen using binoculars Zbq7iHeDtou-00046-00010568-00010949 or telescopes the wild duck Custer M 11 Zbq7iHeDtou-00047-00010950-00011499 is an example Zbq7iHeDtou-00048-00011500-00012175 topic historical observations the Zbq7iHeDtou-00049-00012176-00012391 prominent open cluster the Pleiades has Zbq7iHeDtou-00050-00012392-00012574 been recognized as a group of stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00051-00012575-00012772 since antiquity while the high ADEs Zbq7iHeDtou-00052-00012773-00012988 forms part of Taurus one of the oldest Zbq7iHeDtou-00053-00012988-00013291 constellations other open clusters were Zbq7iHeDtou-00054-00013291-00013504 noted by early astronomers as unresolved Zbq7iHeDtou-00055-00013505-00013780 fuzzy patches of light the Roman Zbq7iHeDtou-00056-00013781-00013975 astronomer Ptolemy mentions the praise Zbq7iHeDtou-00057-00013976-00014188 EEP the double cluster in Perseus and Zbq7iHeDtou-00058-00014188-00014377 the ptolemy cluster while the Persian Zbq7iHeDtou-00059-00014378-00014599 astronomer al Sufi wrote of the Omicron Zbq7iHeDtou-00060-00014600-00014884 valorem cluster however it would require Zbq7iHeDtou-00061-00014885-00015072 the invention of the telescope to Zbq7iHeDtou-00062-00015074-00015229 resolve these nebulae into their Zbq7iHeDtou-00063-00015230-00015637 constituent stars indeed in 1603 Johann Zbq7iHeDtou-00064-00015638-00015801 by I gave three of these clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00065-00015802-00015994 designations as if they were single Zbq7iHeDtou-00066-00015994-00016297 stars the first person to use a Zbq7iHeDtou-00067-00016297-00016513 telescope to observe the night sky and Zbq7iHeDtou-00068-00016514-00016732 record his observations was the Italian Zbq7iHeDtou-00069-00016733-00016996 scientist Galileo Galilei II in 1609 Zbq7iHeDtou-00070-00016997-00017293 when he turned the telescope towards Zbq7iHeDtou-00071-00017294-00017500 some of the nebulous patches recorded by Zbq7iHeDtou-00072-00017501-00017698 Ptolemy he found they were not a single Zbq7iHeDtou-00073-00017699-00018010 star but groupings of many stars for Zbq7iHeDtou-00074-00018011-00018225 praise EEP he found more than 40 stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00075-00018226-00018490 where previously observers had noted Zbq7iHeDtou-00076-00018491-00018688 only six to seven stars in the Pleiades Zbq7iHeDtou-00077-00018689-00019099 he found almost 50 in his 1610 treatise Zbq7iHeDtou-00078-00019100-00019360 Sedaris nuncius Galileo Galilei II wrote Zbq7iHeDtou-00079-00019361-00019660 the galaxy is nothing else but a mass of Zbq7iHeDtou-00080-00019661-00019888 innumerable stars planted together in Zbq7iHeDtou-00081-00019889-00020239 clusters influenced by Galileo's work Zbq7iHeDtou-00082-00020240-00020469 the Sicilian astronomer Giovanni ha Zbq7iHeDtou-00083-00020470-00020635 Donna became possibly the first Zbq7iHeDtou-00084-00020636-00020833 astronomer to use a telescope to find Zbq7iHeDtou-00085-00020834-00021192 previously undiscovered open clusters in Zbq7iHeDtou-00086-00021193-00021487 1654 he identified the objects now Zbq7iHeDtou-00087-00021488-00021781 designated Messier forty-one Messier 47 Zbq7iHeDtou-00088-00021782-00022347 NGC 2362 and NGC 2451 Zbq7iHeDtou-00089-00022348-00022657 it was realized as early as 1767 that Zbq7iHeDtou-00090-00022658-00022837 the stars in a cluster were physically Zbq7iHeDtou-00091-00022838-00023019 related when the English naturalist Zbq7iHeDtou-00092-00023020-00023236 Reverend John Michell calculated that Zbq7iHeDtou-00093-00023237-00023425 the probability of even just one group Zbq7iHeDtou-00094-00023426-00023614 of stars like the Pleiades being the Zbq7iHeDtou-00095-00023615-00023803 result of a chance alignment as seen Zbq7iHeDtou-00096-00023804-00023971 from Earth was just one in four hundred Zbq7iHeDtou-00097-00023972-00024385 and ninety six thousand between 1774 to Zbq7iHeDtou-00098-00024386-00024715 1781 French astronomer Charles Messier Zbq7iHeDtou-00099-00024716-00024916 fished a catalog of celestial objects Zbq7iHeDtou-00100-00024917-00025075 that had a nebulous appearance similar Zbq7iHeDtou-00101-00025076-00025462 to comets this catalog included 26 open Zbq7iHeDtou-00102-00025463-00025774 clusters in the 1790s English astronomer Zbq7iHeDtou-00103-00025775-00025999 William Herschel began an extensive Zbq7iHeDtou-00104-00026000-00026308 study of nebulous celestial objects he Zbq7iHeDtou-00105-00026308-00026464 discovered that many of these features Zbq7iHeDtou-00106-00026464-00026650 could be resolved into groupings of Zbq7iHeDtou-00107-00026651-00026958 individual stars Herschel conceived the Zbq7iHeDtou-00108-00026960-00027169 idea that stars were initially scattered Zbq7iHeDtou-00109-00027170-00027394 across space but later became custard Zbq7iHeDtou-00110-00027395-00027568 together as star systems because of Zbq7iHeDtou-00111-00027569-00027868 gravitational attraction he divided the Zbq7iHeDtou-00112-00027869-00028099 nebulae into eight classes with classes Zbq7iHeDtou-00113-00028100-00028273 VI through eight being used to classify Zbq7iHeDtou-00114-00028274-00028620 clusters of stars the number of clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00115-00028622-00028831 known continued to increase under the Zbq7iHeDtou-00116-00028832-00029122 efforts of astronomers hundreds of open Zbq7iHeDtou-00117-00029123-00029317 clusters were listed in the new general Zbq7iHeDtou-00118-00029318-00029587 catalog first published in 1888 by the Zbq7iHeDtou-00119-00029588-00029848 Danish Irish astronomer je le Dreyer and Zbq7iHeDtou-00120-00029849-00030052 the two Supplemental index catalogs Zbq7iHeDtou-00121-00030052-00030502 published in 1896 and 1905 telescopic Zbq7iHeDtou-00122-00030502-00030718 observations revealed two distinct types Zbq7iHeDtou-00123-00030719-00030910 of clusters one of which contained Zbq7iHeDtou-00124-00030911-00031083 thousands of stars in a regular Zbq7iHeDtou-00125-00031085-00031291 spherical distribution and was found all Zbq7iHeDtou-00126-00031292-00031477 across the sky but preferentially Zbq7iHeDtou-00127-00031477-00031652 towards the center of the Milky Way Zbq7iHeDtou-00128-00031654-00031936 the other type consisted of a generally Zbq7iHeDtou-00129-00031937-00032155 sparse a population of stars in a more Zbq7iHeDtou-00130-00032156-00032383 irregular shape these were generally Zbq7iHeDtou-00131-00032383-00032589 found in or near the Galactic plane of Zbq7iHeDtou-00132-00032591-00032708 the Milky Way Zbq7iHeDtou-00133-00032710-00032932 astronomers dubbed the former globular Zbq7iHeDtou-00134-00032933-00033159 clusters and the latter open clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00135-00033160-00033448 because of their location open clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00136-00033449-00033655 are occasionally referred to as galactic Zbq7iHeDtou-00137-00033656-00033870 clusters a term that was introduced in Zbq7iHeDtou-00138-00033871-00034150 1925 by the Swiss American astronomer Zbq7iHeDtou-00139-00034151-00034357 Robert Julius Trumpler micrometer Zbq7iHeDtou-00140-00034358-00034519 measurements of the positions of stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00141-00034520-00034831 in clusters were made as early as 1877 Zbq7iHeDtou-00142-00034832-00035005 by the German astronomer ish Schonfeld Zbq7iHeDtou-00143-00035006-00035212 and further pursued by the American Zbq7iHeDtou-00144-00035213-00035440 astronomer ae Barnard prior to his death Zbq7iHeDtou-00145-00035441-00035578 in 1923 Zbq7iHeDtou-00146-00035579-00035860 no indication of stellar motion was Zbq7iHeDtou-00147-00035861-00036121 detected by these efforts however in Zbq7iHeDtou-00148-00036122-00036367 1918 the Dutch American astronomer Zbq7iHeDtou-00149-00036368-00036571 Adrian van Maanen was able to measure Zbq7iHeDtou-00150-00036572-00036775 the proper motion of stars in part of Zbq7iHeDtou-00151-00036776-00036961 the Pleiades cluster by comparing Zbq7iHeDtou-00152-00036962-00037156 photographic plates taken at different Zbq7iHeDtou-00153-00037157-00037456 times as astrometry became more accurate Zbq7iHeDtou-00154-00037457-00037671 cluster stars were found to share a Zbq7iHeDtou-00155-00037672-00037965 common proper motion through space by Zbq7iHeDtou-00156-00037966-00038098 comparing the photograph Zbq7iHeDtou-00157-00038099-00038308 pick plates of the Pleiades Custer taken Zbq7iHeDtou-00158-00038309-00038686 in 1918 with images taken in 1943 van Zbq7iHeDtou-00159-00038687-00038920 Maanen was able to identify those stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00160-00038921-00039115 that had a proper motion similar to the Zbq7iHeDtou-00161-00039116-00039286 mean motion of the cluster and were Zbq7iHeDtou-00162-00039287-00039498 therefore more likely to be members Zbq7iHeDtou-00163-00039499-00039724 spectroscopic measurements revealed Zbq7iHeDtou-00164-00039725-00039943 common radial velocities thus showing Zbq7iHeDtou-00165-00039944-00040156 that the clusters consist of stars bound Zbq7iHeDtou-00166-00040157-00040255 together as a group Zbq7iHeDtou-00167-00040256-00040483 the first color magnitude diagram zuv Zbq7iHeDtou-00168-00040484-00040684 open clusters were published by edna Zbq7iHeDtou-00169-00040685-00040942 hertzsprung in 1911 giving the pot for Zbq7iHeDtou-00170-00040943-00041148 the Pleiades and high ade star clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00171-00041149-00041452 he continued this work on open clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00172-00041453-00041749 for the next 20 years from spectroscopic Zbq7iHeDtou-00173-00041750-00042001 data he was able to determine the upper Zbq7iHeDtou-00174-00042002-00042190 limit of internal motions for open Zbq7iHeDtou-00175-00042191-00042361 clusters and could estimate that the Zbq7iHeDtou-00176-00042362-00042541 total mass of these objects did not Zbq7iHeDtou-00177-00042542-00042730 exceed several hundred times the mass of Zbq7iHeDtou-00178-00042731-00043030 the Sun he demonstrated a relationship Zbq7iHeDtou-00179-00043031-00043189 between the star colors and their Zbq7iHeDtou-00180-00043190-00043483 magnitudes and in 1929 noticed that the Zbq7iHeDtou-00181-00043484-00043660 high aides and praise heap clusters had Zbq7iHeDtou-00182-00043661-00043846 different stellar populations than the Zbq7iHeDtou-00183-00043847-00044092 Pleiades this would subsequently be Zbq7iHeDtou-00184-00044093-00044305 interpreted as a difference in ages of Zbq7iHeDtou-00185-00044306-00044888 the three clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00186-00044889-00045588 topic formation the formation of an open Zbq7iHeDtou-00187-00045589-00045789 cluster begins with the collapse of part Zbq7iHeDtou-00188-00045790-00046008 of a giant molecular cloud a cold dense Zbq7iHeDtou-00189-00046009-00046224 cloud of gas and dust containing up to Zbq7iHeDtou-00190-00046225-00046413 many thousands of times the mass of the Zbq7iHeDtou-00191-00046414-00046698 Sun these clouds have densities that Zbq7iHeDtou-00192-00046699-00047043 vary from 102 to 106 molecules of Zbq7iHeDtou-00193-00047044-00047280 neutral hydrogen per cc with star Zbq7iHeDtou-00194-00047281-00047466 formation occurring in regions with Zbq7iHeDtou-00195-00047467-00047819 densities above 104 molecules per cc Zbq7iHeDtou-00196-00047820-00048117 typically only one to 10% of the cloud Zbq7iHeDtou-00197-00048118-00048335 by volume is above the latter density Zbq7iHeDtou-00198-00048336-00048627 prior to collapse these clouds maintain Zbq7iHeDtou-00199-00048628-00048798 their mechanical equilibrium through Zbq7iHeDtou-00200-00048799-00049074 magnetic fields turbulence and rotation Zbq7iHeDtou-00201-00049075-00049311 many factors may disrupt the equilibrium Zbq7iHeDtou-00202-00049312-00049521 of a giant molecular cloud triggering a Zbq7iHeDtou-00203-00049522-00049704 collapse and initiating the bursts of Zbq7iHeDtou-00204-00049705-00049896 star formation that can result in an Zbq7iHeDtou-00205-00049897-00050172 open cluster these include shockwaves Zbq7iHeDtou-00206-00050173-00050409 from a nearby supernova collisions with Zbq7iHeDtou-00207-00050410-00050558 other clouds or gravitational Zbq7iHeDtou-00208-00050559-00050853 interactions even without external Zbq7iHeDtou-00209-00050854-00051072 triggers regions of the cloud can reach Zbq7iHeDtou-00210-00051073-00051242 conditions where they become unstable Zbq7iHeDtou-00211-00051244-00051521 against collapse the collapsing cloud Zbq7iHeDtou-00212-00051522-00051732 region will undergo hierarchical Zbq7iHeDtou-00213-00051733-00051951 fragmentation into ever smaller clumps Zbq7iHeDtou-00214-00051952-00052152 including a particularly dense form Zbq7iHeDtou-00215-00052153-00052362 known as infrared dark clouds eventually Zbq7iHeDtou-00216-00052363-00052554 leading to the formation of up to Zbq7iHeDtou-00217-00052554-00052821 several thousand stars this star Zbq7iHeDtou-00218-00052822-00053016 formation begins enshrouded in the Zbq7iHeDtou-00219-00053016-00053204 collapsing cloud blocking the proto Zbq7iHeDtou-00220-00053205-00053405 stars from sight but allowing infrared Zbq7iHeDtou-00221-00053407-00053727 observation in the Milky Way galaxy the Zbq7iHeDtou-00222-00053728-00053925 formation rate of open clusters is Zbq7iHeDtou-00223-00053926-00054129 estimated to be one every few thousand Zbq7iHeDtou-00224-00054129-00054438 years the hottest and most massive of Zbq7iHeDtou-00225-00054439-00054609 the newly formed stars known as Zbq7iHeDtou-00226-00054610-00054912 obstinate intense ultraviolet radiation Zbq7iHeDtou-00227-00054913-00055122 which steadily ionizes the surrounding Zbq7iHeDtou-00228-00055123-00055347 gas of the giant molecular cloud forming Zbq7iHeDtou-00229-00055348-00055682 an h2 region stellar winds and radiation Zbq7iHeDtou-00230-00055683-00055875 pressure from the massive stars begins Zbq7iHeDtou-00231-00055876-00056091 to drive away the hot ionized gas at a Zbq7iHeDtou-00232-00056091-00056291 velocity matching the speed of sound in Zbq7iHeDtou-00233-00056292-00056577 the gas after a few million years the Zbq7iHeDtou-00234-00056578-00056784 cluster will experience its first core Zbq7iHeDtou-00235-00056785-00057015 collapse supernova which will also expel Zbq7iHeDtou-00236-00057016-00057288 gas from the vicinity in most cases Zbq7iHeDtou-00237-00057289-00057504 these processes will strip the cluster Zbq7iHeDtou-00238-00057504-00057716 of gas within 10 million years and no Zbq7iHeDtou-00239-00057717-00057962 further star formation will take place Zbq7iHeDtou-00240-00057963-00058101 still a Zbq7iHeDtou-00241-00058102-00058278 out half of the resulting protostellar Zbq7iHeDtou-00242-00058279-00058473 objects will be left surrounded by Zbq7iHeDtou-00243-00058474-00058701 circumstellar disks many of which form Zbq7iHeDtou-00244-00058702-00058950 accretion disks as only 30 to 40 percent Zbq7iHeDtou-00245-00058951-00059184 of the gas in the cloud core form stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00246-00059185-00059451 the process of residual gas expulsion is Zbq7iHeDtou-00247-00059452-00059619 highly damaging to the star formation Zbq7iHeDtou-00248-00059620-00059913 process all clusters thus suffer Zbq7iHeDtou-00249-00059914-00060114 significant infant weight loss while a Zbq7iHeDtou-00250-00060115-00060345 large fraction undergo infant mortality Zbq7iHeDtou-00251-00060346-00060645 at this point the formation of an open Zbq7iHeDtou-00252-00060646-00060834 cluster will depend on whether the newly Zbq7iHeDtou-00253-00060835-00061026 formed stars are gravitationally bound Zbq7iHeDtou-00254-00061027-00061209 to each other otherwise an unbound Zbq7iHeDtou-00255-00061210-00061485 stellar association will result even Zbq7iHeDtou-00256-00061486-00061704 when a cluster such as the Pleiades does Zbq7iHeDtou-00257-00061704-00061941 form it may only hold on to 1/3 of the Zbq7iHeDtou-00258-00061941-00062100 original stars with the remainder Zbq7iHeDtou-00259-00062101-00062286 becoming unbound once the gas is Zbq7iHeDtou-00260-00062287-00062562 expelled the young stars so released Zbq7iHeDtou-00261-00062563-00062766 from their natal cluster become part of Zbq7iHeDtou-00262-00062766-00063080 the Galactic field population because Zbq7iHeDtou-00263-00063082-00063288 most if not all stars form clustered Zbq7iHeDtou-00264-00063289-00063459 star clusters are to be viewed the Zbq7iHeDtou-00265-00063460-00063667 fundamental building blocks of galaxies Zbq7iHeDtou-00266-00063669-00063954 the violent gas expulsion events that Zbq7iHeDtou-00267-00063954-00064166 shape and destroy many star clusters at Zbq7iHeDtou-00268-00064167-00064302 birth leave their imprint in the Zbq7iHeDtou-00269-00064303-00064521 morphological and kinematical structures Zbq7iHeDtou-00270-00064522-00064851 of galaxies most open clusters form with Zbq7iHeDtou-00271-00064852-00065103 at least 100 stars in a mass of 50 or Zbq7iHeDtou-00272-00065104-00065409 more solar masses the largest clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00273-00065410-00065670 can have 104 solar masses with the Zbq7iHeDtou-00274-00065671-00065862 massive cluster Westerlund one being Zbq7iHeDtou-00275-00065863-00066162 estimated at five times 104 solar masses Zbq7iHeDtou-00276-00066163-00066365 close to that of a globular cluster Zbq7iHeDtou-00277-00066366-00066612 while open clusters and globular Zbq7iHeDtou-00278-00066613-00066837 clusters form two fairly distinct groups Zbq7iHeDtou-00279-00066838-00067011 there may not be a great deal of Zbq7iHeDtou-00280-00067012-00067200 difference in appearance between a very Zbq7iHeDtou-00281-00067201-00067410 sparse globular cluster and a very rich Zbq7iHeDtou-00282-00067411-00067704 open cluster some astronomers believe Zbq7iHeDtou-00283-00067705-00067935 the two types of star clusters form via Zbq7iHeDtou-00284-00067936-00068121 the same basic mechanism with the Zbq7iHeDtou-00285-00068122-00068286 difference being that the conditions Zbq7iHeDtou-00286-00068287-00068460 that allowed the formation of the very Zbq7iHeDtou-00287-00068461-00068631 rich globular clusters containing Zbq7iHeDtou-00288-00068632-00068862 hundreds of thousands of stars no longer Zbq7iHeDtou-00289-00068863-00069069 prevail in the Milky Way it is common Zbq7iHeDtou-00290-00069070-00069267 for two or more separate open clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00291-00069268-00069456 to form out of the same molecular cloud Zbq7iHeDtou-00292-00069457-00069756 in the Large Magellanic Cloud both Hadj Zbq7iHeDtou-00293-00069757-00070104 301 and AR 136 are forming from the Zbq7iHeDtou-00294-00070105-00070320 gases of the tarantula nebula while in Zbq7iHeDtou-00295-00070321-00070545 our own galaxy tracing back the motion Zbq7iHeDtou-00296-00070546-00070776 through space of the hi AIDS and prey z2 Zbq7iHeDtou-00297-00070777-00071025 prominently by open clusters suggests Zbq7iHeDtou-00298-00071026-00071196 that they formed in the same cloud about Zbq7iHeDtou-00299-00071197-00071496 600 million years ago sometime Zbq7iHeDtou-00300-00071497-00071712 two clusters born at the same time will Zbq7iHeDtou-00301-00071713-00071973 form a binary cluster the best-known Zbq7iHeDtou-00302-00071974-00072186 example in the Milky Way is the double Zbq7iHeDtou-00303-00072187-00072723 cluster of NGC 869 and NGC 884 sometimes Zbq7iHeDtou-00304-00072724-00072957 mistakenly called H and KY per se H Zbq7iHeDtou-00305-00072958-00073167 refers to a neighboring star in KY to Zbq7iHeDtou-00306-00073168-00073377 both clusters but at least 10 more Zbq7iHeDtou-00307-00073378-00073659 double clusters are known to exist many Zbq7iHeDtou-00308-00073660-00073812 more are known in the small and large Zbq7iHeDtou-00309-00073813-00074067 Magellanic Clouds they are easier to Zbq7iHeDtou-00310-00074068-00074277 detect in external systems than in our Zbq7iHeDtou-00311-00074278-00074493 own galaxy because projection effects Zbq7iHeDtou-00312-00074494-00074691 can cause unrelated clusters within the Zbq7iHeDtou-00313-00074692-00075379 Milky Way to appear close to each other Zbq7iHeDtou-00314-00075380-00076112 topic morphology and classification open Zbq7iHeDtou-00315-00076113-00076334 clusters range from very sparse clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00316-00076335-00076541 with only a few members to larger glomer Zbq7iHeDtou-00317-00076542-00076765 ations containing thousands of stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00318-00076766-00077066 they usually consist of quite a distinct Zbq7iHeDtou-00319-00077067-00077291 dense core surrounded by a more diffused Zbq7iHeDtou-00320-00077292-00077603 corona of cluster members the core is Zbq7iHeDtou-00321-00077604-00077747 typically about three to four Zbq7iHeDtou-00322-00077748-00077918 light-years across with the corona Zbq7iHeDtou-00323-00077919-00078122 extending to about 20 light-years from Zbq7iHeDtou-00324-00078123-00078382 the cluster center typical star Zbq7iHeDtou-00325-00078383-00078584 densities in the center of a cluster are Zbq7iHeDtou-00326-00078585-00078893 about 1.5 stars per cubic Lightyear the Zbq7iHeDtou-00327-00078894-00079159 stellar density near the Sun is about Zbq7iHeDtou-00328-00079160-00079456 0.003 stars per cubic Lightyear open Zbq7iHeDtou-00329-00079457-00079634 clusters are often classified according Zbq7iHeDtou-00330-00079635-00079843 to a scheme developed by Robert Trumpler Zbq7iHeDtou-00331-00079844-00080180 in 1930 the Trumpler scheme gives a Zbq7iHeDtou-00332-00080181-00080399 cluster a three-part designation with a Zbq7iHeDtou-00333-00080400-00080632 Roman numeral from I IV indicating its Zbq7iHeDtou-00334-00080633-00080816 concentration and detachment from the Zbq7iHeDtou-00335-00080817-00081041 surrounding star field from strongly to Zbq7iHeDtou-00336-00081042-00081266 weakly concentrated an Arabic numeral Zbq7iHeDtou-00337-00081267-00081475 from 1 to 3 indicating the range in Zbq7iHeDtou-00338-00081476-00081665 brightness of members from small to Zbq7iHeDtou-00339-00081666-00081941 large range and p.m. or r2 indication Zbq7iHeDtou-00340-00081942-00082142 whether the cluster is poor medium or Zbq7iHeDtou-00341-00082143-00082444 rich in stars and n is appended if the Zbq7iHeDtou-00342-00082445-00082675 cluster lies within nebulosity under the Zbq7iHeDtou-00343-00082676-00082837 Trumpler scheme the Pleiades are Zbq7iHeDtou-00344-00082838-00083072 classified as i3 RN strongly Zbq7iHeDtou-00345-00083073-00083281 concentrated and richly populated with Zbq7iHeDtou-00346-00083282-00083510 nebulosity present while the nearby hi Zbq7iHeDtou-00347-00083511-00083743 aides are classified as 2-3 meters more Zbq7iHeDtou-00348-00083744-00084509 dispersed and with fewer members topic Zbq7iHeDtou-00349-00084510-00085105 numbers and distribution there are over Zbq7iHeDtou-00350-00085106-00085363 1,000 known open clusters in our galaxy Zbq7iHeDtou-00351-00085364-00085576 but the true total may be up to 10 times Zbq7iHeDtou-00352-00085577-00085918 higher than that in spiral galaxies open Zbq7iHeDtou-00353-00085919-00086117 clusters are largely found in the spiral Zbq7iHeDtou-00354-00086118-00086338 arms where gas densities are highest and Zbq7iHeDtou-00355-00086339-00086551 so most star formation occurs and Zbq7iHeDtou-00356-00086552-00086765 clusters usually disperse before they Zbq7iHeDtou-00357-00086766-00086926 have had time to travel beyond their Zbq7iHeDtou-00358-00086927-00087217 spiral arm open clusters are strongly Zbq7iHeDtou-00359-00087218-00087412 concentrated close to the Galactic plane Zbq7iHeDtou-00360-00087413-00087641 with a scale height in our galaxy of Zbq7iHeDtou-00361-00087642-00087911 about 180 lightyears compared to a Zbq7iHeDtou-00362-00087912-00088190 galactic radius of approximately 50,000 Zbq7iHeDtou-00363-00088191-00088432 light-years in irregular galaxies open Zbq7iHeDtou-00364-00088433-00088589 clusters may be found throughout Zbq7iHeDtou-00365-00088590-00088787 the galaxy although their concentration Zbq7iHeDtou-00366-00088788-00088961 is highest where the gas density is Zbq7iHeDtou-00367-00088962-00089252 highest open clusters are not seen in Zbq7iHeDtou-00368-00089253-00089486 elliptical galaxies star formation Zbq7iHeDtou-00369-00089487-00089681 ceased many millions of years ago in Zbq7iHeDtou-00370-00089682-00089891 ellipticals and so the open clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00371-00089892-00090068 which were originally present have long Zbq7iHeDtou-00372-00090069-00090293 since dispersed in our galaxy the Zbq7iHeDtou-00373-00090294-00090500 distribution of clusters depends on age Zbq7iHeDtou-00374-00090501-00090725 with older clusters being preferentially Zbq7iHeDtou-00375-00090726-00090896 found at greater distances from the Zbq7iHeDtou-00376-00090897-00091130 galactic center generally at substantial Zbq7iHeDtou-00377-00091131-00091331 distances above or below the Galactic Zbq7iHeDtou-00378-00091332-00091619 plane tidal forces are stronger nearer Zbq7iHeDtou-00379-00091620-00091835 the center of the galaxy increasing the Zbq7iHeDtou-00380-00091836-00092051 rate of disruption of clusters and also Zbq7iHeDtou-00381-00092052-00092240 the giant molecular clouds which cause Zbq7iHeDtou-00382-00092241-00092384 the disruption of clusters are Zbq7iHeDtou-00383-00092385-00092579 concentrated towards the inner regions Zbq7iHeDtou-00384-00092580-00092780 of the galaxy so clusters in the inner Zbq7iHeDtou-00385-00092781-00092960 regions of the galaxy tend to get Zbq7iHeDtou-00386-00092961-00093131 dispersed at a younger age than their Zbq7iHeDtou-00387-00093132-00093893 counterparts in the outer regions topic Zbq7iHeDtou-00388-00093894-00094475 still a composition because open Zbq7iHeDtou-00389-00094476-00094664 clusters tend to be dispersed before Zbq7iHeDtou-00390-00094665-00094847 most of their stars reach the end of Zbq7iHeDtou-00391-00094848-00095036 their lives the light from them tends to Zbq7iHeDtou-00392-00095037-00095269 be dominated by the young hot blue stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00393-00095270-00095543 these stars are the most massive and Zbq7iHeDtou-00394-00095544-00095747 have the shortest lives of a few tens of Zbq7iHeDtou-00395-00095748-00096011 millions of years the older open Zbq7iHeDtou-00396-00096012-00096194 clusters tend to contain more yellow Zbq7iHeDtou-00397-00096195-00096440 stars some open clusters contain hot Zbq7iHeDtou-00398-00096441-00096629 blue stars which seem to be much younger Zbq7iHeDtou-00399-00096630-00096896 than the rest of the cluster these blue Zbq7iHeDtou-00400-00096897-00097112 stragglers are also observed in globular Zbq7iHeDtou-00401-00097113-00097319 clusters and in the very dense cause of Zbq7iHeDtou-00402-00097320-00097481 globulars they are believed to arise Zbq7iHeDtou-00403-00097482-00097709 when stars collide forming a much hotter Zbq7iHeDtou-00404-00097710-00098018 more massive star however the stellar Zbq7iHeDtou-00405-00098019-00098237 density in open clusters is much lower Zbq7iHeDtou-00406-00098238-00098405 than that in globular clusters and Zbq7iHeDtou-00407-00098406-00098600 stellar collisions cannot explain the Zbq7iHeDtou-00408-00098601-00098797 numbers of blue stragglers observed Zbq7iHeDtou-00409-00098798-00099044 instead it is thought that most of them Zbq7iHeDtou-00410-00099045-00099239 probably originated when dynamical Zbq7iHeDtou-00411-00099240-00099428 interactions with other stars caused a Zbq7iHeDtou-00412-00099429-00099668 binary system to coalesce into one star Zbq7iHeDtou-00413-00099669-00099872 once they have exhausted their supply of Zbq7iHeDtou-00414-00099873-00100103 hydrogen through nuclear fusion medium Zbq7iHeDtou-00415-00100104-00100256 to low mass stars shed their outer Zbq7iHeDtou-00416-00100257-00100475 layers to form a planetary nebula and Zbq7iHeDtou-00417-00100476-00100748 evolve into white dwarfs while most Zbq7iHeDtou-00418-00100749-00100961 clusters become dispersed before a large Zbq7iHeDtou-00419-00100962-00101144 proportion of their members have reached Zbq7iHeDtou-00420-00101145-00101342 the white dwarf stage the number of Zbq7iHeDtou-00421-00101343-00101552 white dwarfs in open clusters is still Zbq7iHeDtou-00422-00101553-00101693 generally much lower than would be Zbq7iHeDtou-00423-00101694-00101918 expected given the age of the cluster in Zbq7iHeDtou-00424-00101919-00101954 the X Zbq7iHeDtou-00425-00101955-00102140 vectored initial mass distribution of Zbq7iHeDtou-00426-00102141-00102436 the stars one possible explanation for Zbq7iHeDtou-00427-00102438-00102629 the lack of white dwarfs is that when a Zbq7iHeDtou-00428-00102630-00102851 red giant expels its outer layers to Zbq7iHeDtou-00429-00102852-00103042 become a planetary nebula a slight Zbq7iHeDtou-00430-00103043-00103258 asymmetry in the loss of material could Zbq7iHeDtou-00431-00103259-00103538 give the star a kick of a few km/s Zbq7iHeDtou-00432-00103539-00103697 enough to eject it from the cluster Zbq7iHeDtou-00433-00103698-00103904 because of their high density close Zbq7iHeDtou-00434-00103905-00104107 encounters between stars in an open Zbq7iHeDtou-00435-00104108-00104390 cluster are common for a typical cluster Zbq7iHeDtou-00436-00104391-00104719 with 1000 stars with a 0.5 parsec 1/2 Zbq7iHeDtou-00437-00104720-00104948 mass radius on average a star will have Zbq7iHeDtou-00438-00104949-00105128 an encounter with another member every Zbq7iHeDtou-00439-00105129-00105409 10 million years the rate is even higher Zbq7iHeDtou-00440-00105410-00105707 in denser clusters these encounters can Zbq7iHeDtou-00441-00105708-00105875 have a significant impact on the Zbq7iHeDtou-00442-00105876-00106108 extended circumstellar disks of material Zbq7iHeDtou-00443-00106109-00106411 that surround many young stars tidal Zbq7iHeDtou-00444-00106413-00106633 perturbations of large disks may result Zbq7iHeDtou-00445-00106634-00106841 in the formation of massive planets and Zbq7iHeDtou-00446-00106842-00107051 brown dwarfs producing companions at Zbq7iHeDtou-00447-00107052-00107308 distances of 100 astronomical units or Zbq7iHeDtou-00448-00107309-00107918 more from the host star Zbq7iHeDtou-00449-00107919-00108624 topic eventual fate many open clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00450-00108625-00108825 are inherently unstable with a small Zbq7iHeDtou-00451-00108826-00109026 enough mass that the escape velocity of Zbq7iHeDtou-00452-00109027-00109203 the system is lower than the average Zbq7iHeDtou-00453-00109204-00109497 velocity of the Constituent stars these Zbq7iHeDtou-00454-00109498-00109713 clusters will rapidly disperse within a Zbq7iHeDtou-00455-00109714-00109989 few million years in many cases the Zbq7iHeDtou-00456-00109990-00110172 stripping away of the gas from which the Zbq7iHeDtou-00457-00110173-00110370 cluster formed by the radiation pressure Zbq7iHeDtou-00458-00110371-00110577 of the hot young stars reduces the Zbq7iHeDtou-00459-00110578-00110766 cluster mass enough to allow rapid Zbq7iHeDtou-00460-00110767-00110966 dispersal clusters that have enough mass Zbq7iHeDtou-00461-00110967-00111153 to be gravitationally bound once the Zbq7iHeDtou-00462-00111154-00111354 surrounding nebula has evaporated can Zbq7iHeDtou-00463-00111355-00111531 remain distinct for many tens of Zbq7iHeDtou-00464-00111532-00111750 millions of years but over time internal Zbq7iHeDtou-00465-00111751-00111945 and external processes tend also to Zbq7iHeDtou-00466-00111946-00112194 disperse them internally close Zbq7iHeDtou-00467-00112195-00112401 encounters between stars can increase Zbq7iHeDtou-00468-00112402-00112566 the velocity of a member beyond the Zbq7iHeDtou-00469-00112567-00112833 escape velocity of the cluster this Zbq7iHeDtou-00470-00112833-00113052 results in the gradual evaporation of Zbq7iHeDtou-00471-00113053-00113298 cluster members externally about every Zbq7iHeDtou-00472-00113299-00113504 half billion years or so an open cluster Zbq7iHeDtou-00473-00113505-00113706 tends to be disturbed by external Zbq7iHeDtou-00474-00113707-00113904 factors such as passing close to or Zbq7iHeDtou-00475-00113905-00114116 through a molecular cloud the Zbq7iHeDtou-00476-00114117-00114366 gravitational tidal forces generated by Zbq7iHeDtou-00477-00114367-00114560 such an encounter tend to disrupt the Zbq7iHeDtou-00478-00114561-00114866 cluster eventually the cluster becomes a Zbq7iHeDtou-00479-00114867-00115089 stream of stars not close enough to be a Zbq7iHeDtou-00480-00115090-00115286 cluster but all related and moving in Zbq7iHeDtou-00481-00115288-00115581 similar directions at similar speeds the Zbq7iHeDtou-00482-00115582-00115803 time scale over which a cluster disrupts Zbq7iHeDtou-00483-00115804-00115977 depends on its initial stellar density Zbq7iHeDtou-00484-00115978-00116181 with more tightly packed clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00485-00116182-00116475 persisting for longer estimated cluster Zbq7iHeDtou-00486-00116476-00116676 half-lives after which half the original Zbq7iHeDtou-00487-00116677-00116871 cluster members will have been lost Zbq7iHeDtou-00488-00116872-00117204 range from 150 to 800 million years Zbq7iHeDtou-00489-00117205-00117453 depending on the original density after Zbq7iHeDtou-00490-00117454-00117648 a cluster has become gravitationally Zbq7iHeDtou-00491-00117649-00117866 unbound many of its constituent stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00492-00117867-00118065 will still be moving through space on Zbq7iHeDtou-00493-00118066-00118278 similar trajectories in what is known as Zbq7iHeDtou-00494-00118279-00118515 a stellar Association moving cluster or Zbq7iHeDtou-00495-00118516-00118788 moving group several of the brightest Zbq7iHeDtou-00496-00118789-00119004 stars in the plough of Ursa Major are Zbq7iHeDtou-00497-00119005-00119202 former members of an open cluster which Zbq7iHeDtou-00498-00119203-00119421 now form such an association in this Zbq7iHeDtou-00499-00119422-00119645 case the Ursa Major moving group Zbq7iHeDtou-00500-00119646-00119841 eventually they're slightly different Zbq7iHeDtou-00501-00119842-00120035 relative velocities will see them Zbq7iHeDtou-00502-00120036-00120318 scattered throughout the galaxy a larger Zbq7iHeDtou-00503-00120319-00120528 cluster is then known as a stream if we Zbq7iHeDtou-00504-00120529-00120744 discover the similar velocities and ages Zbq7iHeDtou-00505-00120745-00121397 of otherwise unrelated stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00506-00121398-00122082 topic studying stellar evolution when a Zbq7iHeDtou-00507-00122083-00122301 hertzsprung-russell diagram is plotted Zbq7iHeDtou-00508-00122302-00122529 for an open cluster most stars lie on Zbq7iHeDtou-00509-00122530-00122823 the main sequence the most massive stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00510-00122824-00123021 have begun to evolve away from the main Zbq7iHeDtou-00511-00123022-00123258 sequence and are becoming red giants the Zbq7iHeDtou-00512-00123258-00123426 position of the turnoff from the main Zbq7iHeDtou-00513-00123427-00123633 sequence can be used to estimate the age Zbq7iHeDtou-00514-00123633-00123843 of the cluster because the stars in an Zbq7iHeDtou-00515-00123844-00124029 open cluster are all at roughly the same Zbq7iHeDtou-00516-00124030-00124224 distance from Earth and were born at Zbq7iHeDtou-00517-00124225-00124425 roughly the same time from the same raw Zbq7iHeDtou-00518-00124426-00124632 material the differences in apparent Zbq7iHeDtou-00519-00124633-00124835 brightness among custom embers is due Zbq7iHeDtou-00520-00124836-00125103 only to their mass this makes open Zbq7iHeDtou-00521-00125104-00125307 clusters very useful in the study of Zbq7iHeDtou-00522-00125308-00125520 stellar evolution because when comparing Zbq7iHeDtou-00523-00125521-00125757 one star to another many of the variable Zbq7iHeDtou-00524-00125758-00125949 parameters are fixed the study of the Zbq7iHeDtou-00525-00125950-00126144 abundances of lithium and beryllium in Zbq7iHeDtou-00526-00126145-00126351 open cluster stars can give important Zbq7iHeDtou-00527-00126352-00126552 clues about the evolution of stars and Zbq7iHeDtou-00528-00126553-00126849 their interior structures while hydrogen Zbq7iHeDtou-00529-00126850-00127083 nuclei cannot fuse to form helium until Zbq7iHeDtou-00530-00127083-00127286 the temperature reaches about 10 million Zbq7iHeDtou-00531-00127288-00127527 K lithium and beryllium are destroyed at Zbq7iHeDtou-00532-00127528-00127824 temperatures of 2.5 million K and 3.5 Zbq7iHeDtou-00533-00127825-00128135 million K respectively this means that Zbq7iHeDtou-00534-00128136-00128355 their abundances depends strongly on how Zbq7iHeDtou-00535-00128356-00128584 much mixing occurs in stellar interiors Zbq7iHeDtou-00536-00128585-00128871 by studying their abundances in open Zbq7iHeDtou-00537-00128872-00129099 cluster stars variables such as age and Zbq7iHeDtou-00538-00129100-00129335 chemical composition of fixed studies Zbq7iHeDtou-00539-00129336-00129504 have shown that the abundances of these Zbq7iHeDtou-00540-00129505-00129651 light elements are much lower than Zbq7iHeDtou-00541-00129652-00129854 models of stellar evolution predict Zbq7iHeDtou-00542-00129855-00130071 while the reason for this under Zbq7iHeDtou-00543-00130072-00130263 abundance is not yet fully understood Zbq7iHeDtou-00544-00130264-00130491 one possibility is that convection in Zbq7iHeDtou-00545-00130492-00130692 stellar interiors can overshoot into Zbq7iHeDtou-00546-00130693-00130896 regions where radiation is normally the Zbq7iHeDtou-00547-00130897-00131681 dominant mode of energy transport topic Zbq7iHeDtou-00548-00131682-00132291 astronomical distance scale determining Zbq7iHeDtou-00549-00132292-00132525 the distances to astronomical objects is Zbq7iHeDtou-00550-00132526-00132711 crucial to understanding them but the Zbq7iHeDtou-00551-00132712-00132921 vast majority of objects are too far Zbq7iHeDtou-00552-00132922-00133125 away for their distances to be directly Zbq7iHeDtou-00553-00133126-00133356 determined calibration of the Zbq7iHeDtou-00554-00133357-00133593 astronomical distance scale relies on a Zbq7iHeDtou-00555-00133594-00133794 sequence of indirect and sometimes Zbq7iHeDtou-00556-00133795-00133977 uncertain measurements relating the Zbq7iHeDtou-00557-00133978-00134202 closest objects for which distances can Zbq7iHeDtou-00558-00134203-00134394 be directly measured to increasingly Zbq7iHeDtou-00559-00134395-00134610 distant objects a Zbq7iHeDtou-00560-00134611-00134793 clusters are a crucial step in this Zbq7iHeDtou-00561-00134794-00135135 sequence the closest open clusters can Zbq7iHeDtou-00562-00135136-00135326 have their distance measured directly by Zbq7iHeDtou-00563-00135327-00135636 one of two methods first the parallax Zbq7iHeDtou-00564-00135637-00135813 the small change in apparent position Zbq7iHeDtou-00565-00135814-00136020 over the course of a year caused by the Zbq7iHeDtou-00566-00136021-00136214 earth moving from one side of its orbit Zbq7iHeDtou-00567-00136215-00136431 around the Sun to the other of stars in Zbq7iHeDtou-00568-00136432-00136620 closed open clusters can be measured Zbq7iHeDtou-00569-00136621-00136920 like other individual stars clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00570-00136921-00137148 such as the Pleiades hi aids and a few Zbq7iHeDtou-00571-00137149-00137325 others within about five hundred light Zbq7iHeDtou-00572-00137326-00137513 years are close enough for this method Zbq7iHeDtou-00573-00137514-00137682 to be viable and results from the Zbq7iHeDtou-00574-00137683-00137888 Hipparcos position measuring satellite Zbq7iHeDtou-00575-00137889-00138104 yielded accurate distances for several Zbq7iHeDtou-00576-00138105-00138314 clusters the other direct method is the Zbq7iHeDtou-00577-00138315-00138575 so called moving cluster method this Zbq7iHeDtou-00578-00138576-00138774 relies on the fact that the stars of a Zbq7iHeDtou-00579-00138775-00138957 cluster share a common motion through Zbq7iHeDtou-00580-00138958-00139245 space measuring the proper motions of Zbq7iHeDtou-00581-00139246-00139400 cluster members and plotting their Zbq7iHeDtou-00582-00139401-00139601 apparent motions across the sky will Zbq7iHeDtou-00583-00139602-00139794 reveal that they converge on a vanishing Zbq7iHeDtou-00584-00139795-00140087 point the radial velocity of cluster Zbq7iHeDtou-00585-00140088-00140274 members can be determined from Doppler Zbq7iHeDtou-00586-00140275-00140453 shift measurements of their spectra and Zbq7iHeDtou-00587-00140454-00140690 once the radial velocity proper motion Zbq7iHeDtou-00588-00140691-00140886 and angular distance from the cluster to Zbq7iHeDtou-00589-00140887-00141081 its vanishing point a known simple Zbq7iHeDtou-00590-00141082-00141290 trigonometry will reveal the distance to Zbq7iHeDtou-00591-00141291-00141510 the cluster the hi aides are the Zbq7iHeDtou-00592-00141511-00141662 best-known application of this method Zbq7iHeDtou-00593-00141663-00141999 which reveals their distance to be 46.3 Zbq7iHeDtou-00594-00142000-00142194 parsecs once the distances to nearby Zbq7iHeDtou-00595-00142195-00142415 clusters have been established further Zbq7iHeDtou-00596-00142416-00142616 techniques can extend the distance scale Zbq7iHeDtou-00597-00142617-00142916 to more distant clusters by matching the Zbq7iHeDtou-00598-00142917-00143058 main sequence on the hertzsprung-russell Zbq7iHeDtou-00599-00143059-00143291 diagram for a cluster at a known Zbq7iHeDtou-00600-00143292-00143453 distance with that of a more distant Zbq7iHeDtou-00601-00143454-00143634 cluster the distance to the more distant Zbq7iHeDtou-00602-00143635-00143925 cluster can be estimated the nearest Zbq7iHeDtou-00603-00143926-00144120 open cluster is the high ADEs the Zbq7iHeDtou-00604-00144121-00144333 stellar Association consisting of most Zbq7iHeDtou-00605-00144334-00144534 of the plow stars is at about half the Zbq7iHeDtou-00606-00144535-00144693 distance of the high abe's but is a Zbq7iHeDtou-00607-00144694-00144918 stellar Association rather than an open Zbq7iHeDtou-00608-00144919-00145052 cluster as the stars are not Zbq7iHeDtou-00609-00145053-00145328 gravitationally bound to each other the Zbq7iHeDtou-00610-00145329-00145529 most distant known open cluster in our Zbq7iHeDtou-00611-00145530-00145806 galaxy is Berkeley 29 at a distance of Zbq7iHeDtou-00612-00145807-00146169 about 15,000 parsecs open clusters are Zbq7iHeDtou-00613-00146170-00146363 also easily detected in many of the Zbq7iHeDtou-00614-00146364-00146571 galaxies of the local group accurate Zbq7iHeDtou-00615-00146572-00146775 knowledge of open cluster distances is Zbq7iHeDtou-00616-00146776-00146912 vital for calibrating the Zbq7iHeDtou-00617-00146913-00147152 period-luminosity relationship shown by Zbq7iHeDtou-00618-00147153-00147375 variable stars such as surf ID stars Zbq7iHeDtou-00619-00147376-00147587 which allows them to be used as standard Zbq7iHeDtou-00620-00147588-00147870 candles these luminous stars can be Zbq7iHeDtou-00621-00147871-00147969 detected at great Zbq7iHeDtou-00622-00147970-00148170 distances and are then used to extend Zbq7iHeDtou-00623-00148171-00148398 the distance scale to nearby galaxies in Zbq7iHeDtou-00624-00148399-00148674 the local group indeed the open cluster Zbq7iHeDtou-00625-00148675-00149102 designated NGC 7,000 790 hosts three Zbq7iHeDtou-00626-00149103-00149450 classical cepheid's RR Lyrae variables Zbq7iHeDtou-00627-00149451-00149663 are too old to be associated with open Zbq7iHeDtou-00628-00149664-00149847 clusters and are instead found in Zbq7iHeDtou-00629-00149848-00150426 globular clusters Zbq7iHeDtou-00630-00150427-00151295 topic planets the open cluster NGC 6811 Zbq7iHeDtou-00631-00151296-00151538 contains two known planetary systems Zbq7iHeDtou-00632-00151539-00152754 Kepler 66 and Kepler 67 topic see also Zbq7iHeDtou-00633-00152755-00153293 list of open clusters moving groups open Zbq7iHeDtou-00634-00153294-00153802 cluster family open cluster remnant ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00000-00000034-00001187 dr. dark fever and 114 he's under ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00001-00001188-00001381 [Applause] ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00002-00001382-00002010 [Music] ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00003-00002011-00004941 hey guys okay I am here I'm doing it ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00004-00004942-00006379 without you ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00005-00006380-00006773 how many shits do give I like how the ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00006-00006775-00007068 teams he changes his left hand every ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00007-00007069-00007331 time Mike are you ready ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00008-00007333-00007520 Brody I don't sound on the ladder don't ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00009-00007522-00007784 sound on the ladder drop it finger under ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00010-00007786-00008141 da cleaver ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00011-00008142-00010913 oh good forcing someone to Thailand ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00012-00010914-00011247 he's on the side of the highway - you ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00013-00011248-00012408 can see him barely ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00014-00012409-00012525 [Music] ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00015-00012526-00013030 hey my equip miners we're back check ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00016-00013031-00013963 this one almost suck you all know why ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00017-00013963-00014271 are you following me ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00018-00014272-00014560 sake secretary Bucky you're not suckie ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00019-00014561-00014718 suckie free free okay ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00020-00014719-00015091 no yes go away ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00021-00015091-00015634 yes free trial but I don't want the free ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00022-00015635-00015877 samples you're having the free sample ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00023-00015878-00017296 okay yeah check this behind behind ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00024-00017297-00017650 yes evil evil ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00025-00017651-00018600 can I go kill him be gone no no look ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00026-00018601-00018916 good do it oh no no no no oh sure that's ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00027-00018917-00019774 gonna go on I'm so p.m. oh geez ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00028-00019775-00020614 Owen I'm coming for him sake walk no ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00029-00020615-00022881 nice before all this ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00030-00022882-00023354 [Music] ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00031-00023355-00023708 Oh behind you it's the one go ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00032-00023709-00024170 off Swank Oh I invoke there you go ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00033-00024171-00025478 and help oh it's when something goes off ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00034-00025479-00025553 the stairs ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00035-00025554-00026147 I have crashed mine ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00036-00026148-00026894 I have table a new song by Jeff and I'm ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00037-00026895-00027377 not gonna jump for it are you gonna jump ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00038-00027377-00027789 for a Jaffa want when I break the block ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00039-00027791-00029360 yeah that goes beyond where you ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00040-00029361-00029585 have Tinchy don't you yes I can come ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00041-00029586-00029786 back and do it again I'm getting P ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00042-00029787-00030173 defiled lionmaker be gone oh I'm gonna ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00043-00030174-00030214 do it ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00044-00030216-00030893 o ones honor ones on earth oh my god no ZdxP9ceCy6Y-00045-00030894-00031220 a block above ZdOr1jeBiLo-00000-00000064-00000231 hello everyone this is ross at teacher ZdOr1jeBiLo-00001-00000231-00000390 talk at the most influential blog on ZdOr1jeBiLo-00002-00000391-00000607 education in the uk today i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00003-00000608-00000790 am lucky enough to be joined by claire ZdOr1jeBiLo-00004-00000791-00000991 keaton roberts a teacher and academic ZdOr1jeBiLo-00005-00000992-00001166 good afternoon claire ZdOr1jeBiLo-00006-00001167-00001431 hi russ uh thank you for joining me so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00007-00001432-00001630 just for context for everyone listening ZdOr1jeBiLo-00008-00001632-00001871 uh claire and i are at the faculty of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00009-00001872-00001951 education or ZdOr1jeBiLo-00010-00001952-00002271 are we were claire has just graduated uh ZdOr1jeBiLo-00011-00002272-00002479 in her doctorate so congratulations care ZdOr1jeBiLo-00012-00002480-00002718 claire and we met a couple of years ago ZdOr1jeBiLo-00013-00002719-00002950 and i remember you said um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00014-00002951-00003102 i'm in my sixth or seventh year and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00015-00003103-00003231 we're just chatting about the journey ZdOr1jeBiLo-00016-00003232-00003422 before we came on air about the process ZdOr1jeBiLo-00017-00003423-00003454 so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00018-00003455-00003606 what i'd like to do with you is to talk ZdOr1jeBiLo-00019-00003607-00003759 about your research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00020-00003760-00003943 um to begin with and could you just give ZdOr1jeBiLo-00021-00003944-00004151 everyone a i know this is a really hard ZdOr1jeBiLo-00022-00004152-00004279 question ZdOr1jeBiLo-00023-00004280-00004535 a synopsis a 30-second synopsis of your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00024-00004536-00004702 research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00025-00004703-00004895 absolutely i've always been very ZdOr1jeBiLo-00026-00004896-00005054 interested in educational ZdOr1jeBiLo-00027-00005055-00005270 leadership and um for me i've always ZdOr1jeBiLo-00028-00005271-00005438 said that leadership is about people ZdOr1jeBiLo-00029-00005439-00005583 it's about understanding ZdOr1jeBiLo-00030-00005584-00005902 um how people work together and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00031-00005903-00006127 as i've progressed in my career i've ZdOr1jeBiLo-00032-00006128-00006206 worked for ZdOr1jeBiLo-00033-00006207-00006446 um a developing multi-academy trust and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00034-00006447-00006655 i was really interested in how ZdOr1jeBiLo-00035-00006656-00006895 leaders work in in a multi-academy trust ZdOr1jeBiLo-00036-00006895-00006959 so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00037-00006959-00007278 my research is a single study uh case ZdOr1jeBiLo-00038-00007279-00007359 study ZdOr1jeBiLo-00039-00007359-00007591 of a multi-academy trust and are really ZdOr1jeBiLo-00040-00007592-00007687 focused on ZdOr1jeBiLo-00041-00007688-00008023 um this idea of what it's like ZdOr1jeBiLo-00042-00008023-00008255 for leaders working in mud academy trust ZdOr1jeBiLo-00043-00008256-00008359 and i just i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00044-00008360-00008631 define that as head teachers as senior ZdOr1jeBiLo-00045-00008632-00008759 leaders as governors ZdOr1jeBiLo-00046-00008760-00009023 and centralized team as well and and for ZdOr1jeBiLo-00047-00009024-00009174 the first time it's a piece of research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00048-00009175-00009255 that's stepped back ZdOr1jeBiLo-00049-00009256-00009527 from concentrating on outcomes so the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00050-00009528-00009710 multi-academy trust supports positive ZdOr1jeBiLo-00051-00009711-00009846 outcomes for children ZdOr1jeBiLo-00052-00009847-00010071 actually looking at what it feels like ZdOr1jeBiLo-00053-00010072-00010206 and what it looks like forward for ZdOr1jeBiLo-00054-00010207-00010446 leaders within multi-academy trust ZdOr1jeBiLo-00055-00010447-00010646 okay um fascinating so we'll come back ZdOr1jeBiLo-00056-00010647-00010806 to the kind of details of that and how ZdOr1jeBiLo-00057-00010807-00010967 does it feel to have graduated it was ZdOr1jeBiLo-00058-00010968-00011191 quite a recent thing for you wasn't it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00059-00011192-00011503 yeah um i did my fiverr in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00060-00011504-00011814 um end of september and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00061-00011815-00012127 yeah it was amazing i had a bit of a ZdOr1jeBiLo-00062-00012128-00012359 turbulent time in that i was pregnant as ZdOr1jeBiLo-00063-00012360-00012542 i submitted and then i had the baby and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00064-00012543-00012695 then i did my viber so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00065-00012696-00012927 i've had a really busy couple of months ZdOr1jeBiLo-00066-00012928-00013015 but um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00067-00013016-00013183 it was really lovely to be able to talk ZdOr1jeBiLo-00068-00013184-00013494 about my research and and to have um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00069-00013495-00013630 teachers that don't really know the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00070-00013631-00013847 details of how how that's conducted ZdOr1jeBiLo-00071-00013847-00014119 given ZdOr1jeBiLo-00072-00014119-00014286 i suspect description what describe the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00073-00014287-00014503 kind of experience of the process the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00074-00014504-00014622 people that are involved ZdOr1jeBiLo-00075-00014623-00014822 or how many how long it's for that type ZdOr1jeBiLo-00076-00014823-00014958 of stuff so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00077-00014959-00015175 you submit your written thesis of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00078-00015176-00015383 usually about 80 000 words and then ZdOr1jeBiLo-00079-00015384-00015535 eight weeks after you do ZdOr1jeBiLo-00080-00015536-00015830 a viva which is essentially they call it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00081-00015831-00016022 a defense of your thesis which i always ZdOr1jeBiLo-00082-00016023-00016166 think is quite scary ZdOr1jeBiLo-00083-00016168-00016358 um but you choose your examiners you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00084-00016359-00016519 have an internal examiner at your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00085-00016520-00016599 institution ZdOr1jeBiLo-00086-00016600-00016839 and an external examiner which is great ZdOr1jeBiLo-00087-00016840-00017015 because you can choose someone who's ZdOr1jeBiLo-00088-00017016-00017175 really vested in your research and have ZdOr1jeBiLo-00089-00017176-00017471 some strong expertise in the area ZdOr1jeBiLo-00090-00017472-00017663 and then eight weeks after submission ZdOr1jeBiLo-00091-00017664-00017799 you do um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00092-00017800-00017975 it was absolutely like this it was ZdOr1jeBiLo-00093-00017976-00018167 virtual and they have ZdOr1jeBiLo-00094-00018168-00018439 questions to ask your research in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00095-00018440-00018550 advance ZdOr1jeBiLo-00096-00018551-00018775 um and so they want to just sort of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00097-00018776-00018950 delve a little deeper into ZdOr1jeBiLo-00098-00018951-00019214 the choices that you've made um it was ZdOr1jeBiLo-00099-00019215-00019358 about ZdOr1jeBiLo-00100-00019359-00019671 mine was about an hour long and it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00101-00019672-00019807 didn't feel scary to be honest did you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00102-00019808-00019894 find any uh ZdOr1jeBiLo-00103-00019895-00020047 really hard questions that you couldn't ZdOr1jeBiLo-00104-00020048-00020207 answer or do you think you were well ZdOr1jeBiLo-00105-00020208-00020422 equipped ZdOr1jeBiLo-00106-00020423-00020735 um yeah no i think it was okay actually ZdOr1jeBiLo-00107-00020736-00020927 it wasn't too bad there was one that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00108-00020928-00021039 flew ZdOr1jeBiLo-00109-00021040-00021191 through me right at the end which was ZdOr1jeBiLo-00110-00021192-00021358 what do you think um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00111-00021359-00021575 hargreaves would say about your research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00112-00021576-00021671 and i thought that was ZdOr1jeBiLo-00113-00021672-00021863 it was a nice way to finish it got me to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00114-00021864-00022086 really reflect on on what i've done but ZdOr1jeBiLo-00115-00022087-00022399 yeah no it was it was fine um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00116-00022400-00022743 great um so the um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00117-00022744-00023103 the process of the viva um i'm curious ZdOr1jeBiLo-00118-00023104-00023143 as ZdOr1jeBiLo-00119-00023144-00023383 do you think there are certain ZdOr1jeBiLo-00120-00023384-00023663 experiences throughout your doctorate ZdOr1jeBiLo-00121-00023664-00023958 that might inform your life as a teacher ZdOr1jeBiLo-00122-00023959-00024014 and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00123-00024015-00024167 you know i'm quite fascinated in the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00124-00024168-00024350 viber process for an appraisal ZdOr1jeBiLo-00125-00024351-00024463 methodology ZdOr1jeBiLo-00126-00024464-00024719 squeezed into a year where the teacher ZdOr1jeBiLo-00127-00024720-00024871 sets their own target ZdOr1jeBiLo-00128-00024872-00025030 and it's critiqued with school leader ZdOr1jeBiLo-00129-00025031-00025230 cpd leader and maybe a mentor in their ZdOr1jeBiLo-00130-00025231-00025327 school ZdOr1jeBiLo-00131-00025328-00025542 and so that that's my thinking but what ZdOr1jeBiLo-00132-00025543-00025662 tell me some of the things that you've ZdOr1jeBiLo-00133-00025663-00025767 experienced through your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00134-00025768-00026111 doctoral process that have influenced ZdOr1jeBiLo-00135-00026112-00026414 your work back at school ZdOr1jeBiLo-00136-00026416-00026807 for me well for leaders i think schools ZdOr1jeBiLo-00137-00026808-00027014 work at such a fast pace we're sometimes ZdOr1jeBiLo-00138-00027016-00027167 making decisions ZdOr1jeBiLo-00139-00027168-00027407 um that's that sometimes we we don't ZdOr1jeBiLo-00140-00027408-00027558 have the time to think and properly ZdOr1jeBiLo-00141-00027560-00027767 reflect on why we're doing those things ZdOr1jeBiLo-00142-00027768-00028014 and then we end up doing things you know ZdOr1jeBiLo-00143-00028016-00028158 that aren't the right things ZdOr1jeBiLo-00144-00028160-00028358 at the right time and i think doing the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00145-00028360-00028487 doctorate has helped me ZdOr1jeBiLo-00146-00028488-00028846 to stop reflect and try to understand ZdOr1jeBiLo-00147-00028847-00029062 what the existing research existing ZdOr1jeBiLo-00148-00029063-00029246 thoughts around that particular process ZdOr1jeBiLo-00149-00029247-00029295 is ZdOr1jeBiLo-00150-00029295-00029511 to then make an informed decision and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00151-00029512-00029687 that balance between the rigor of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00152-00029688-00029839 academic writing ZdOr1jeBiLo-00153-00029839-00030031 and the fast pace of schools is what ZdOr1jeBiLo-00154-00030032-00030255 mean is what makes ZdOr1jeBiLo-00155-00030256-00030543 um it really hard to marry those two ZdOr1jeBiLo-00156-00030544-00030655 worlds together ZdOr1jeBiLo-00157-00030656-00030855 and for me it's made me a better leader ZdOr1jeBiLo-00158-00030856-00031111 because i'm more informed in my approach ZdOr1jeBiLo-00159-00031112-00031407 um and but it did mean that my research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00160-00031408-00031583 at times was a bit sketchy because i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00161-00031583-00031751 would do it the way i was working in a ZdOr1jeBiLo-00162-00031752-00031943 school to try to get it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00163-00031944-00032199 i mean my life now kind of freelance and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00164-00032200-00032335 trying to support schools ZdOr1jeBiLo-00165-00032336-00032527 from a different perspective it's really ZdOr1jeBiLo-00166-00032527-00032670 hard to battle that kind of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00167-00032672-00032815 well not only the self-employment ZdOr1jeBiLo-00168-00032816-00033046 pressure from the pandemic ZdOr1jeBiLo-00169-00033047-00033239 but just that nature of working in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00170-00033240-00033423 normal circumstances and then trying to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00171-00033424-00033590 settle down to deep work when you've got ZdOr1jeBiLo-00172-00033591-00033862 lots of external forces and pulling you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00173-00033863-00034023 away from what you want to do ZdOr1jeBiLo-00174-00034024-00034223 and how has the whole lockdown ZdOr1jeBiLo-00175-00034224-00034518 experience been for you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00176-00034519-00034727 i guess let me frame this differently as ZdOr1jeBiLo-00177-00034728-00034918 a parent and as a teacher ZdOr1jeBiLo-00178-00034919-00035223 so maybe let's start as a parent first ZdOr1jeBiLo-00179-00035224-00035551 um so i also have a four-year-old ZdOr1jeBiLo-00180-00035552-00035895 so she isn't quite at school yet um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00181-00035896-00036255 but she was meant to be going to nursery ZdOr1jeBiLo-00182-00036256-00036335 and she ZdOr1jeBiLo-00183-00036336-00036502 really missed her friends and my ZdOr1jeBiLo-00184-00036503-00036646 husband's a teacher as well so we're ZdOr1jeBiLo-00185-00036647-00036735 both ZdOr1jeBiLo-00186-00036736-00036951 at home trying to teach our online ZdOr1jeBiLo-00187-00036952-00037095 lessons whilst ZdOr1jeBiLo-00188-00037096-00037230 having a toddler that didn't quite ZdOr1jeBiLo-00189-00037231-00037399 understand what was going on ZdOr1jeBiLo-00190-00037400-00037679 um so it massively simplifies with with ZdOr1jeBiLo-00191-00037680-00037807 families who've got more than ZdOr1jeBiLo-00192-00037808-00038183 one child um as a teacher ZdOr1jeBiLo-00193-00038184-00038495 uh i think very quickly we we've learned ZdOr1jeBiLo-00194-00038496-00038671 to adapt to working online ZdOr1jeBiLo-00195-00038672-00038951 and i think i had shied away from it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00196-00038952-00039151 before i think a bit nervous and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00197-00039152-00039471 didn't know much about online working ZdOr1jeBiLo-00198-00039472-00039671 um and that that's massively changed a ZdOr1jeBiLo-00199-00039672-00039815 lot more confident with that now ZdOr1jeBiLo-00200-00039816-00039983 something i'll be using in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00201-00039984-00040302 teaching forevermore but um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00202-00040303-00040527 yeah it's it's been a very strange time ZdOr1jeBiLo-00203-00040528-00040630 how has your school ZdOr1jeBiLo-00204-00040631-00040759 you know what kind of been the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00205-00040760-00041055 highlights since march 2020 for your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00206-00041056-00041255 school you know shifting curriculum ZdOr1jeBiLo-00207-00041256-00041543 adapting to remote teaching how has it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00208-00041544-00041718 been ZdOr1jeBiLo-00209-00041719-00042039 yeah so i think we have constantly been ZdOr1jeBiLo-00210-00042040-00042215 slowly changing things to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00211-00042216-00042399 ensure that we're keeping up with what's ZdOr1jeBiLo-00212-00042400-00042639 going on but i think the approach we had ZdOr1jeBiLo-00213-00042640-00042679 to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00214-00042680-00042958 the remote teaching um was excellent ZdOr1jeBiLo-00215-00042959-00043111 we've got a massive school ZdOr1jeBiLo-00216-00043112-00043390 we work in a huge school with over 400 ZdOr1jeBiLo-00217-00043391-00043558 children in each year group so the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00218-00043559-00043599 challenge ZdOr1jeBiLo-00219-00043600-00043902 for us doing live lessons was whether to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00220-00043903-00044118 include all staff and have it in the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00221-00044119-00044271 small classes or whether we should ZdOr1jeBiLo-00222-00044272-00044383 stream it for ZdOr1jeBiLo-00223-00044384-00044615 whole year groups and i think we did a ZdOr1jeBiLo-00224-00044616-00044718 bit of both ZdOr1jeBiLo-00225-00044719-00044958 to understand the best way to go and i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00226-00044959-00045023 think we ZdOr1jeBiLo-00227-00045024-00045215 settled with a happy medium in the end ZdOr1jeBiLo-00228-00045216-00045358 um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00229-00045359-00045751 but yeah so um so what was it like now ZdOr1jeBiLo-00230-00045752-00045879 you know ZdOr1jeBiLo-00231-00045880-00046062 locked down technically schools are open ZdOr1jeBiLo-00232-00046063-00046230 kids are in you might have one or two ZdOr1jeBiLo-00233-00046231-00046327 south ZdOr1jeBiLo-00234-00046328-00046630 what what are the pressures that you're ZdOr1jeBiLo-00235-00046631-00046743 under ZdOr1jeBiLo-00236-00046744-00047183 i think um it's it's completely new way ZdOr1jeBiLo-00237-00047184-00047367 i think the pressures on staff is that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00238-00047368-00047583 it is obviously a huge change completely ZdOr1jeBiLo-00239-00047584-00047711 new way of working ZdOr1jeBiLo-00240-00047712-00047943 um the bubble system so it gives you the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00241-00047944-00048127 example of our school having 400 in a ZdOr1jeBiLo-00242-00048128-00048230 tutor group we have ZdOr1jeBiLo-00243-00048231-00048502 year group bubbles and they're spread ZdOr1jeBiLo-00244-00048503-00048630 out around the school ZdOr1jeBiLo-00245-00048631-00048895 and what it seems like is that we have ZdOr1jeBiLo-00246-00048896-00049118 lots of mini schools rather than one big ZdOr1jeBiLo-00247-00049119-00049215 school so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00248-00049216-00049439 although that that an issue that change ZdOr1jeBiLo-00249-00049440-00049558 was um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00250-00049559-00049695 was really difficult to manage and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00251-00049696-00049807 really difficult for people to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00252-00049808-00049879 understand ZdOr1jeBiLo-00253-00049880-00050015 it's actually produced something really ZdOr1jeBiLo-00254-00050016-00050207 lovely because we have these mini ZdOr1jeBiLo-00255-00050208-00050335 schools that have a strong ZdOr1jeBiLo-00256-00050336-00050583 sense of community we have the heads of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00257-00050584-00050758 years and the assistant heads here able ZdOr1jeBiLo-00258-00050759-00050974 to do some really intricate work ZdOr1jeBiLo-00259-00050975-00051279 over a small um physical space not ZdOr1jeBiLo-00260-00051279-00051519 the large campus that we're used to and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00261-00051520-00051663 i think that's been a real strength ZdOr1jeBiLo-00262-00051664-00051846 actually and it's going to change how we ZdOr1jeBiLo-00263-00051847-00051935 approach ZdOr1jeBiLo-00264-00051936-00052246 um you know the physical being of our ZdOr1jeBiLo-00265-00052247-00052342 buildings and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00266-00052344-00052503 the structure of our lessons yeah i've ZdOr1jeBiLo-00267-00052504-00052671 heard quite a few stories that you know ZdOr1jeBiLo-00268-00052672-00052847 there are ZdOr1jeBiLo-00269-00052848-00053079 some positive consequences i guess of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00270-00053079-00053254 the virus making people rethink about ZdOr1jeBiLo-00271-00053255-00053447 how they'll approach um things have you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00272-00053448-00053550 had any um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00273-00053551-00053894 you know any cases with staff yes ZdOr1jeBiLo-00274-00053895-00054271 we have yeah um so it's interesting ZdOr1jeBiLo-00275-00054272-00054359 because you know the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00276-00054360-00054511 you know i'm looking at the unions and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00277-00054512-00054671 calling for transparency ZdOr1jeBiLo-00278-00054672-00054823 you know calling for the government to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00279-00054824-00055023 fund skills to cover those costs what ZdOr1jeBiLo-00280-00055024-00055199 what you know without getting too much ZdOr1jeBiLo-00281-00055200-00055350 confidential details ZdOr1jeBiLo-00282-00055351-00055519 what have been the key messages around ZdOr1jeBiLo-00283-00055520-00055742 your leadership team in terms of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00284-00055744-00055975 where real difficult decisions are to be ZdOr1jeBiLo-00285-00055976-00056159 made ZdOr1jeBiLo-00286-00056160-00056575 um it's quite difficult for me to answer ZdOr1jeBiLo-00287-00056576-00056742 that actually ross because ZdOr1jeBiLo-00288-00056744-00056935 i'm actually maternity leave again so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00289-00056936-00057047 i'm i'm a little bit ZdOr1jeBiLo-00290-00057048-00057350 detached from that sense ZdOr1jeBiLo-00291-00057351-00057526 um so you're kind of observing at a ZdOr1jeBiLo-00292-00057527-00057703 distance in some so you've been at home ZdOr1jeBiLo-00293-00057704-00057799 since when ZdOr1jeBiLo-00294-00057800-00058159 um maternity so my maternity started ZdOr1jeBiLo-00295-00058160-00058254 july ZdOr1jeBiLo-00296-00058255-00058559 um but i've been at home since march so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00297-00058560-00058630 um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00298-00058632-00058847 so let's just shift on slowly to kind of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00299-00058848-00059150 life as a teacher ZdOr1jeBiLo-00300-00059151-00059447 the kind of flexible working agenda and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00301-00059448-00059542 what are your thoughts ZdOr1jeBiLo-00302-00059544-00059766 i mean i i i'm sure at some point it's ZdOr1jeBiLo-00303-00059767-00059903 either cross your mind or something you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00304-00059904-00060054 might want to speculate in the future i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00305-00060055-00060142 don't know i don't want to get too ZdOr1jeBiLo-00306-00060144-00060294 personal but um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00307-00060295-00060487 how is flexible working from your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00308-00060488-00060782 perspective ZdOr1jeBiLo-00309-00060783-00061135 um so i worked ZdOr1jeBiLo-00310-00061136-00061294 full time before having my first ZdOr1jeBiLo-00311-00061295-00061503 daughter and then i went ZdOr1jeBiLo-00312-00061504-00061830 to 0.9 and 0.8 and flitted between point ZdOr1jeBiLo-00313-00061832-00061991 nine and point eight ZdOr1jeBiLo-00314-00061991-00062126 um and really that was for me to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00315-00062127-00062303 complete my research because ZdOr1jeBiLo-00316-00062304-00062679 um i'm a strong believer that a weekend ZdOr1jeBiLo-00317-00062679-00062894 for me is my family time and so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00318-00062895-00063087 i always had monday to friday's my work ZdOr1jeBiLo-00319-00063088-00063287 time i would have family time between ZdOr1jeBiLo-00320-00063288-00063415 five and seven ZdOr1jeBiLo-00321-00063416-00063671 um and then put the child to bed and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00322-00063672-00063750 then um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00323-00063751-00063999 i would do a little bit more work so i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00324-00064000-00064150 think the challenge that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00325-00064151-00064359 that um parents have and particularly ZdOr1jeBiLo-00326-00064360-00064463 women as well ZdOr1jeBiLo-00327-00064464-00064799 um is having that cut off period ZdOr1jeBiLo-00328-00064800-00065087 and between work and and being a parent ZdOr1jeBiLo-00329-00065088-00065303 and not to be really hard on yourself ZdOr1jeBiLo-00330-00065304-00065550 because my daughter's four now and i've ZdOr1jeBiLo-00331-00065551-00065647 i found it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00332-00065648-00065991 extremely hard to not i would say to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00333-00065992-00066111 myself i'm not being a brilliant ZdOr1jeBiLo-00334-00066112-00066238 colleague or i'm not bringing ZdOr1jeBiLo-00335-00066239-00066455 brilliant parents and i think that's ZdOr1jeBiLo-00336-00066456-00066759 okay you can't be the best person ZdOr1jeBiLo-00337-00066760-00066887 what advice have you been giving ZdOr1jeBiLo-00338-00066888-00067006 yourself you know if we talk about this ZdOr1jeBiLo-00339-00067007-00067111 mental health ZdOr1jeBiLo-00340-00067112-00067447 um discussion um how do you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00341-00067448-00067647 um you know that that perfectionism that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00342-00067648-00067863 we all have especially as teachers ZdOr1jeBiLo-00343-00067864-00068199 and how do you manage that i i have ZdOr1jeBiLo-00344-00068200-00068294 battled with that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00345-00068295-00068487 i have really battled with it and for me ZdOr1jeBiLo-00346-00068488-00068671 i have to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00347-00068672-00068815 have to with my work stuff i have to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00348-00068816-00068982 draw a line and say ZdOr1jeBiLo-00349-00068983-00069135 that can wait that can wait till ZdOr1jeBiLo-00350-00069136-00069311 tomorrow that can wait till um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00351-00069312-00069526 whenever it can wait to prioritize and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00352-00069527-00069711 it's i hear these words and i hear ZdOr1jeBiLo-00353-00069712-00069871 people give me that advice five ten ZdOr1jeBiLo-00354-00069872-00070111 years ago and it didn't mean anything ZdOr1jeBiLo-00355-00070112-00070238 and there's probably people listening ZdOr1jeBiLo-00356-00070239-00070415 and saying oh yeah everyone says that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00357-00070416-00070487 but ZdOr1jeBiLo-00358-00070488-00070679 you have to be so strict of yourself to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00359-00070680-00070879 taking your emails off your phone ZdOr1jeBiLo-00360-00070880-00071038 and not being tempted to have a look at ZdOr1jeBiLo-00361-00071039-00071182 your emails over the weekend ZdOr1jeBiLo-00362-00071183-00071559 it's really really important so i'm sure ZdOr1jeBiLo-00363-00071560-00071735 you are you know obviously maternity and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00364-00071736-00071887 lockdown and things like that but um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00365-00071888-00072055 what what tips would you give to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00366-00072056-00072319 new teachers in particular who are ZdOr1jeBiLo-00367-00072320-00072535 joining the profession at this time ZdOr1jeBiLo-00368-00072536-00072743 have started in september uh dealing ZdOr1jeBiLo-00369-00072744-00072903 with lockdown dealing with remote ZdOr1jeBiLo-00370-00072904-00073206 teaching you know all the mental health ZdOr1jeBiLo-00371-00073207-00073350 give us give us maybe one or two ZdOr1jeBiLo-00372-00073351-00073494 insights or stories and what would be ZdOr1jeBiLo-00373-00073495-00073743 your top tip ZdOr1jeBiLo-00374-00073744-00074055 well my top tip um and i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00375-00074056-00074303 i think it's so hard for trainee ZdOr1jeBiLo-00376-00074304-00074503 teachers and nqts at the minute because ZdOr1jeBiLo-00377-00074504-00074687 my top tip would always be ZdOr1jeBiLo-00378-00074688-00074975 to observe observe observe and and i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00379-00074976-00075111 remember in my training year ZdOr1jeBiLo-00380-00075112-00075287 wanting to just get into the classroom ZdOr1jeBiLo-00381-00075288-00075503 and have a go myself and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00382-00075504-00075735 and you know slowly realizing that i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00383-00075736-00075871 wish i'd seen a lot more ZdOr1jeBiLo-00384-00075872-00076135 people do things um different ways so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00385-00076136-00076199 for me ZdOr1jeBiLo-00386-00076200-00076487 be observing all the time but it's gonna ZdOr1jeBiLo-00387-00076488-00076615 be hard right now isn't it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00388-00076616-00076831 absolutely absolutely at the minute i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00389-00076832-00077038 would say please do not be hard on ZdOr1jeBiLo-00390-00077039-00077223 yourself please do not push yourself ZdOr1jeBiLo-00391-00077224-00077559 to try to be um the best most amazing ZdOr1jeBiLo-00392-00077560-00077719 teacher because we are all struggling ZdOr1jeBiLo-00393-00077720-00077887 through this completely new way of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00394-00077888-00078047 working and that goes for the children ZdOr1jeBiLo-00395-00078048-00078231 as well they're working in a completely ZdOr1jeBiLo-00396-00078232-00078335 different way ZdOr1jeBiLo-00397-00078336-00078735 be kind be kind to yourself um and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00398-00078736-00078975 you know for school leaders you know ZdOr1jeBiLo-00399-00078976-00079103 when ZdOr1jeBiLo-00400-00079104-00079311 i you know my life as a deputy is do ZdOr1jeBiLo-00401-00079312-00079526 your work after school hours or first ZdOr1jeBiLo-00402-00079527-00079631 thing in the morning i actually ZdOr1jeBiLo-00403-00079632-00079855 do the cover so i was in my desk at six ZdOr1jeBiLo-00404-00079856-00080094 o'clock 6 30 sometimes before ZdOr1jeBiLo-00405-00080095-00080255 the kids and staff started to come in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00406-00080256-00080431 and then i knew i was dealing with their ZdOr1jeBiLo-00407-00080432-00080631 agendas not necessarily mine what would ZdOr1jeBiLo-00408-00080632-00080887 be your top tip for school leaders ZdOr1jeBiLo-00409-00080888-00081255 at this time ZdOr1jeBiLo-00410-00081256-00081359 you know with all the government ZdOr1jeBiLo-00411-00081360-00081575 announcements all the pressures managing ZdOr1jeBiLo-00412-00081576-00081759 staff mental health as well as kids and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00413-00081760-00081815 parents ZdOr1jeBiLo-00414-00081816-00082094 um it's very hard to prioritize but what ZdOr1jeBiLo-00415-00082095-00082143 would ZdOr1jeBiLo-00416-00082144-00082455 where would you yeah and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00417-00082456-00082687 for me i think the reason why a senior ZdOr1jeBiLo-00418-00082688-00082799 leadership team ZdOr1jeBiLo-00419-00082800-00083006 is called a team is because you have to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00420-00083007-00083247 be so supportive of each other ZdOr1jeBiLo-00421-00083248-00083535 and i think we often as senior leaders ZdOr1jeBiLo-00422-00083536-00083694 forget about our own ZdOr1jeBiLo-00423-00083695-00083943 mental health and sometimes we portray ZdOr1jeBiLo-00424-00083944-00084071 an image that we ZdOr1jeBiLo-00425-00084072-00084303 are invincible and we are there to fight ZdOr1jeBiLo-00426-00084304-00084479 all the fires and support ZdOr1jeBiLo-00427-00084480-00084815 all our staff all the time um and i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00428-00084816-00084991 personally make a point ZdOr1jeBiLo-00429-00084992-00085350 saying to my head teacher are you okay ZdOr1jeBiLo-00430-00085351-00085623 and and and genuinely meaning are you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00431-00085624-00085671 okay ZdOr1jeBiLo-00432-00085672-00085823 because what we're doing at the minute ZdOr1jeBiLo-00433-00085824-00086062 is really hard and actually articulating ZdOr1jeBiLo-00434-00086063-00086135 that because ZdOr1jeBiLo-00435-00086136-00086326 when you're muddling through things it's ZdOr1jeBiLo-00436-00086327-00086494 really easy to get lost ZdOr1jeBiLo-00437-00086495-00086718 in the the sort of operational things ZdOr1jeBiLo-00438-00086719-00086894 and not have the time to sort of reflect ZdOr1jeBiLo-00439-00086895-00087062 on how you're feeling about things and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00440-00087063-00087262 and that goes for you know really ZdOr1jeBiLo-00441-00087263-00087431 difficult things like dealing with staff ZdOr1jeBiLo-00442-00087432-00087455 and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00443-00087456-00087703 staff contracting covered and students ZdOr1jeBiLo-00444-00087704-00087855 contracting covered and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00445-00087856-00088062 um and it's so it's so important that we ZdOr1jeBiLo-00446-00088063-00088191 sit and we just reflect ZdOr1jeBiLo-00447-00088192-00088391 and ask each other how we are doing and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00448-00088392-00088631 what we can do to help each other ZdOr1jeBiLo-00449-00088632-00088887 good thank you um i want to return back ZdOr1jeBiLo-00450-00088888-00088999 to your research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00451-00089000-00089318 um only for probably selfish reasons for ZdOr1jeBiLo-00452-00089319-00089455 myself because i've got to go through ZdOr1jeBiLo-00453-00089456-00089479 this ZdOr1jeBiLo-00454-00089480-00089687 journey that you've been through and but ZdOr1jeBiLo-00455-00089688-00089935 i also want to kind of pitch it for ZdOr1jeBiLo-00456-00089936-00090150 teachers who are really interested in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00457-00090151-00090255 research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00458-00090256-00090406 and want to kind of know maybe that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00459-00090407-00090599 journey that you have to go on ZdOr1jeBiLo-00460-00090600-00090894 um and i know you've kind of done a huge ZdOr1jeBiLo-00461-00090895-00091055 body of work over six seven ZdOr1jeBiLo-00462-00091056-00091294 eight years so won't do it justice to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00463-00091295-00091431 squeeze it in two or three minutes i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00464-00091432-00091631 know but um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00465-00091632-00091806 what would be your top tip for a teacher ZdOr1jeBiLo-00466-00091807-00092006 that's curious about starting a ZdOr1jeBiLo-00467-00092007-00092223 doctorate ZdOr1jeBiLo-00468-00092224-00092462 um so a doctor it has to be an original ZdOr1jeBiLo-00469-00092463-00092623 contribution to knowledge ZdOr1jeBiLo-00470-00092624-00092871 and so first of all you need to be you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00471-00092872-00092926 need to have an ZdOr1jeBiLo-00472-00092927-00093038 idea of something you might be ZdOr1jeBiLo-00473-00093039-00093271 interested in researching and then you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00474-00093272-00093359 need to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00475-00093360-00093599 take a moment to see what's out there ZdOr1jeBiLo-00476-00093600-00093662 already ZdOr1jeBiLo-00477-00093663-00093935 from a literature point of view um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00478-00093936-00094087 because if someone's already done it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00479-00094088-00094126 then ZdOr1jeBiLo-00480-00094127-00094343 it won't stand up as a piece of research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00481-00094344-00094535 um read as much as you can ZdOr1jeBiLo-00482-00094536-00094815 because as you go into the doctorate and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00483-00094816-00094935 there will be an interview ZdOr1jeBiLo-00484-00094936-00095071 to get onto the course and you'll be ZdOr1jeBiLo-00485-00095072-00095247 pitching your idea and it's a bit i mean ZdOr1jeBiLo-00486-00095248-00095382 it's a bit like dragons then you're ZdOr1jeBiLo-00487-00095383-00095471 trying to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00488-00095472-00095718 persuade the university that this ZdOr1jeBiLo-00489-00095719-00095911 research is worthwhile and it needs ZdOr1jeBiLo-00490-00095912-00096118 doing and it needs doing now ZdOr1jeBiLo-00491-00096119-00096326 um so have an idea of what you might ZdOr1jeBiLo-00492-00096327-00096447 want to do ZdOr1jeBiLo-00493-00096448-00096655 and read around it to get a better idea ZdOr1jeBiLo-00494-00096656-00096823 of what already exists now ZdOr1jeBiLo-00495-00096824-00097159 i i think i've i've personally grasped ZdOr1jeBiLo-00496-00097160-00097359 the methodologies the kind of mixed ZdOr1jeBiLo-00497-00097360-00097591 methods that you can explore um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00498-00097592-00097862 could you just articulate to listeners ZdOr1jeBiLo-00499-00097863-00097991 the method that you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00500-00097992-00098318 used how you grappled trying to identify ZdOr1jeBiLo-00501-00098319-00098711 what where which path to go down and and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00502-00098712-00098935 what benefit it had of selecting your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00503-00098936-00099167 particular approach ZdOr1jeBiLo-00504-00099168-00099374 research methods in itself is a complex ZdOr1jeBiLo-00505-00099375-00099526 field and depending on what you're ZdOr1jeBiLo-00506-00099527-00099750 studying lends itself to the methodology ZdOr1jeBiLo-00507-00099751-00099831 you choose ZdOr1jeBiLo-00508-00099832-00100038 and because i was looking at perceptions ZdOr1jeBiLo-00509-00100039-00100231 of leaders and experience of leaders ZdOr1jeBiLo-00510-00100232-00100511 for me it was always about a case study ZdOr1jeBiLo-00511-00100512-00100543 of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00512-00100544-00100862 these leaders stories and i did ZdOr1jeBiLo-00513-00100863-00101062 that through interviews i could have ZdOr1jeBiLo-00514-00101063-00101223 done good questionnaires ZdOr1jeBiLo-00515-00101224-00101391 but i chose interviews because it's very ZdOr1jeBiLo-00516-00101392-00101606 personal it's very um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00517-00101607-00101894 you can really understand and you can ZdOr1jeBiLo-00518-00101895-00102071 sort of delve a little bit deeper into ZdOr1jeBiLo-00519-00102072-00102159 individuals ZdOr1jeBiLo-00520-00102160-00102439 perceptions and stories over over time ZdOr1jeBiLo-00521-00102440-00102534 and i have an ZdOr1jeBiLo-00522-00102535-00102775 added um element to my research is that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00523-00102776-00102894 it's longitudinal ZdOr1jeBiLo-00524-00102895-00103151 so i had two data collection points that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00525-00103152-00103302 were three years apart ZdOr1jeBiLo-00526-00103303-00103566 which also added to the unique nature of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00527-00103567-00103678 my research is ZdOr1jeBiLo-00528-00103679-00103878 understanding a multicultural trust over ZdOr1jeBiLo-00529-00103879-00104063 a period of time rather than ZdOr1jeBiLo-00530-00104064-00104399 one period of time um and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00531-00104400-00104623 how did you get into a rhythm of writing ZdOr1jeBiLo-00532-00104624-00104815 and reading regularly ZdOr1jeBiLo-00533-00104816-00105063 um to be honest i don't think i did uh ZdOr1jeBiLo-00534-00105064-00105231 it was very ad park ZdOr1jeBiLo-00535-00105232-00105543 uh before lockdown i would religiously ZdOr1jeBiLo-00536-00105544-00105734 on a saturday ZdOr1jeBiLo-00537-00105735-00106071 and go to a coffee shop ZdOr1jeBiLo-00538-00106072-00106239 and just do writing there because i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00539-00106240-00106431 didn't have any distractions ZdOr1jeBiLo-00540-00106432-00106702 and i i enjoyed that and then lockdown ZdOr1jeBiLo-00541-00106703-00106758 happened ZdOr1jeBiLo-00542-00106759-00107007 and to be honest locked down saved my ZdOr1jeBiLo-00543-00107008-00107119 doctorate because ZdOr1jeBiLo-00544-00107120-00107366 i was stuck in the house and all i could ZdOr1jeBiLo-00545-00107367-00107471 really do is ZdOr1jeBiLo-00546-00107472-00107807 to do my writing the bit at the end is ZdOr1jeBiLo-00547-00107808-00107966 particularly difficult because you have ZdOr1jeBiLo-00548-00107967-00108054 all of the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00549-00108055-00108254 um the data coming in and things like ZdOr1jeBiLo-00550-00108255-00108534 that referencing and bibliographies ZdOr1jeBiLo-00551-00108535-00108710 and so what are your top tips there for ZdOr1jeBiLo-00552-00108711-00108902 someone who's still got to dabble with ZdOr1jeBiLo-00553-00108903-00109031 all that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00554-00109032-00109207 and pull my finger out what will be your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00555-00109208-00109486 top tip so your bibliography ZdOr1jeBiLo-00556-00109488-00109686 definitely use the piece of software ZdOr1jeBiLo-00557-00109688-00109815 that will help you with that like ZdOr1jeBiLo-00558-00109816-00110231 zotero um because you will end up having ZdOr1jeBiLo-00559-00110232-00110566 200 to 400 different um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00560-00110567-00110743 papers that you'll be referencing in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00561-00110744-00110886 terms of the referencing ZdOr1jeBiLo-00562-00110888-00111199 i made a bit of a mistake and i had to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00563-00111200-00111254 um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00564-00111255-00111551 do a lot of work at the end uh make ZdOr1jeBiLo-00565-00111552-00111734 notes of what you're referencing ZdOr1jeBiLo-00566-00111735-00111951 all the time have it in one central ZdOr1jeBiLo-00567-00111952-00112119 place you can flick back ZdOr1jeBiLo-00568-00112120-00112358 i ended up having quite a few research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00569-00112359-00112439 journals ZdOr1jeBiLo-00570-00112440-00112734 um but that over eight years there was a ZdOr1jeBiLo-00571-00112735-00112943 lot of flicking through to try and find ZdOr1jeBiLo-00572-00112944-00113183 which paper that was from and i wish i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00573-00113183-00113483 had recorded that a lot better to be ZdOr1jeBiLo-00574-00113483-00113551 honest um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00575-00113552-00113799 i've been curious what what from the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00576-00113800-00113975 experience of your doctorate ZdOr1jeBiLo-00577-00113976-00114190 what what things have you learned that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00578-00114191-00114390 you now apply into your life as a school ZdOr1jeBiLo-00579-00114391-00114543 leader ZdOr1jeBiLo-00580-00114544-00114863 so my research was about um a leadership ZdOr1jeBiLo-00581-00114864-00115102 in the multi-academy trust ZdOr1jeBiLo-00582-00115103-00115351 and one of the things that i found is ZdOr1jeBiLo-00583-00115352-00115423 that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00584-00115424-00115743 um leaders were not sufficiently aware ZdOr1jeBiLo-00585-00115744-00115847 of um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00586-00115848-00116007 of understanding the trust they're ZdOr1jeBiLo-00587-00116008-00116223 working in but sometimes this you know ZdOr1jeBiLo-00588-00116224-00116358 generalization here ZdOr1jeBiLo-00589-00116359-00116695 um and so for me it's it's ZdOr1jeBiLo-00590-00116696-00116902 made me a lot more aware of the trust ZdOr1jeBiLo-00591-00116903-00116999 i'm working in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00592-00117000-00117190 it's it's made me ask questions about ZdOr1jeBiLo-00593-00117191-00117327 the trust and how ZdOr1jeBiLo-00594-00117328-00117510 i can as a leader support the trust and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00595-00117511-00117710 how the trust can support me as a leader ZdOr1jeBiLo-00596-00117711-00117799 and so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00597-00117800-00117990 personally it's it's it's made me ask ZdOr1jeBiLo-00598-00117991-00118175 some questions about my leadership ZdOr1jeBiLo-00599-00118176-00118351 and what what impact or what do you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00600-00118352-00118519 think you're going to do next now it's ZdOr1jeBiLo-00601-00118520-00118686 published ZdOr1jeBiLo-00602-00118688-00118878 so i'm really interested in working in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00603-00118879-00119086 newly performed mild academy trusts ZdOr1jeBiLo-00604-00119088-00119366 and those that are established but are ZdOr1jeBiLo-00605-00119367-00119575 asking other academies to join ZdOr1jeBiLo-00606-00119576-00119719 because i think there is a body of work ZdOr1jeBiLo-00607-00119720-00119927 that we could be doing where um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00608-00119928-00120166 trusts are really articulating to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00609-00120167-00120334 schools and to leaders ZdOr1jeBiLo-00610-00120335-00120558 what it means to be in their trust what ZdOr1jeBiLo-00611-00120559-00120719 it means in terms of their ZdOr1jeBiLo-00612-00120720-00121039 you know uniform policies uh where they ZdOr1jeBiLo-00613-00121040-00121214 stand on these type of things and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00614-00121215-00121447 if that isn't clearly articulated i ZdOr1jeBiLo-00615-00121448-00121607 found in my research that leaders get ZdOr1jeBiLo-00616-00121608-00121807 very frustrated and they ZdOr1jeBiLo-00617-00121808-00122086 they're not entirely sure um the purpose ZdOr1jeBiLo-00618-00122088-00122119 of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00619-00122120-00122302 of the trust yeah i know absolutely all ZdOr1jeBiLo-00620-00122303-00122471 about purpose particularly working in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00621-00122472-00122566 schools ZdOr1jeBiLo-00622-00122567-00122831 um so we've gone past our 20-minute ZdOr1jeBiLo-00623-00122832-00122975 barrier claire and i warned you before ZdOr1jeBiLo-00624-00122976-00123086 we came on that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00625-00123088-00123278 i'm going to fire loads of quick fire ZdOr1jeBiLo-00626-00123279-00123471 questions at you not necessarily a quiz ZdOr1jeBiLo-00627-00123472-00123663 i want to kind of catch you off guard my ZdOr1jeBiLo-00628-00123664-00123799 performance has not been very good of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00629-00123800-00123839 late ZdOr1jeBiLo-00630-00123840-00124031 so but i'm going to try my hardest and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00631-00124032-00124158 see how we get on ZdOr1jeBiLo-00632-00124159-00124478 um so i'll start with some easy ones and ZdOr1jeBiLo-00633-00124479-00124654 what what project are you working on at ZdOr1jeBiLo-00634-00124655-00124847 the moment ZdOr1jeBiLo-00635-00124848-00125254 uh raising a baby raising a baby okay ZdOr1jeBiLo-00636-00125255-00125814 what books are you reading for fun ZdOr1jeBiLo-00637-00125815-00126134 hello magazine okay what's the kind of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00638-00126135-00126278 kids cartoon ZdOr1jeBiLo-00639-00126279-00126478 uh that you're currently engrossed in ZdOr1jeBiLo-00640-00126479-00126623 that you're now singing the songs to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00641-00126624-00126710 your kids ZdOr1jeBiLo-00642-00126711-00127039 oh frozen tea frozen too okay uh ZdOr1jeBiLo-00643-00127040-00127358 a piece of advice um for a teacher who's ZdOr1jeBiLo-00644-00127359-00127478 starting to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00645-00127479-00127647 get interested in all this cognitive ZdOr1jeBiLo-00646-00127648-00127902 science research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00647-00127903-00128175 read read read have an opinion form your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00648-00128176-00128358 own opinion ZdOr1jeBiLo-00649-00128359-00128575 dream job now i'm assuming doctoral ZdOr1jeBiLo-00650-00128576-00128766 research and teaching is your dream job ZdOr1jeBiLo-00651-00128767-00128966 but what's that one of what off-the-wall ZdOr1jeBiLo-00652-00128967-00129007 career ZdOr1jeBiLo-00653-00129008-00129327 that you wish you'd done ballet dancer ZdOr1jeBiLo-00654-00129328-00129607 valley dancing fantastic and what's your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00655-00129608-00129663 biggest ZdOr1jeBiLo-00656-00129664-00130086 career achievement today ZdOr1jeBiLo-00657-00130088-00130478 um that's a hard one oh ZdOr1jeBiLo-00658-00130479-00130702 creating a building a really positive ZdOr1jeBiLo-00659-00130703-00130902 and well-formed team within the team i'm ZdOr1jeBiLo-00660-00130903-00130966 working with ZdOr1jeBiLo-00661-00130967-00131287 at the minute okay great um three ZdOr1jeBiLo-00662-00131288-00131495 positive characteristics that you know ZdOr1jeBiLo-00663-00131496-00131683 you're working in a great multi-academy ZdOr1jeBiLo-00664-00131684-00131854 trust ZdOr1jeBiLo-00665-00131855-00132375 um collaboration ZdOr1jeBiLo-00666-00132376-00132702 openness ZdOr1jeBiLo-00667-00132703-00132975 and transparency okay what did you have ZdOr1jeBiLo-00668-00132976-00133214 for dinner last night ZdOr1jeBiLo-00669-00133215-00133471 this is a hard ross i'm testing your ZdOr1jeBiLo-00670-00133472-00133590 memory recall ZdOr1jeBiLo-00671-00133591-00133966 oh yeah lamb ZdOr1jeBiLo-00672-00133967-00134351 lamb very nice uh was it seasoned ZdOr1jeBiLo-00673-00134352-00134527 um who would you recommend i interview ZdOr1jeBiLo-00674-00134528-00134775 next and why ZdOr1jeBiLo-00675-00134776-00135287 um and then um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00676-00135288-00135671 that's a very hard question toby greeny ZdOr1jeBiLo-00677-00135672-00136302 because he's the girl yeah okay ZdOr1jeBiLo-00678-00136303-00136527 he the stuff he's writing at the minute ZdOr1jeBiLo-00679-00136528-00136711 about multi academy trust and where they ZdOr1jeBiLo-00680-00136712-00136863 are positioned at the minute ZdOr1jeBiLo-00681-00136864-00137159 is really forward thinking okay ZdOr1jeBiLo-00682-00137160-00137311 fantastic um ZdOr1jeBiLo-00683-00137312-00137495 can listeners connect with you more you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00684-00137496-00137711 know read your work or connect online ZdOr1jeBiLo-00685-00137712-00137990 you know twitter blogs or websites ZdOr1jeBiLo-00686-00137991-00138302 yes i'm on twitter at musichood ZdOr1jeBiLo-00687-00138303-00138671 um and i will share with the world my ZdOr1jeBiLo-00688-00138672-00139183 published work when i get around to it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00689-00139184-00139383 my final question claire and what would ZdOr1jeBiLo-00690-00139384-00139647 you hope to be a legacy ZdOr1jeBiLo-00691-00139648-00139943 in terms of my research in terms of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00692-00139944-00140014 anything ZdOr1jeBiLo-00693-00140015-00140335 anything anything and everything ZdOr1jeBiLo-00694-00140336-00140566 i want teachers i want leaders i want ZdOr1jeBiLo-00695-00140567-00140719 people i work with ZdOr1jeBiLo-00696-00140720-00141031 to know that i care about them and to ZdOr1jeBiLo-00697-00141032-00141119 know that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00698-00141120-00141319 um they are doing a good job and that ZdOr1jeBiLo-00699-00141320-00141566 good job is appreciated ZdOr1jeBiLo-00700-00141567-00141814 fantastic what a lovely uh way to end uh ZdOr1jeBiLo-00701-00141815-00141878 so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00702-00141879-00142263 dr claire keaton roberts and thank you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00703-00142264-00142414 so much for your time it's been a real ZdOr1jeBiLo-00704-00142415-00142487 pleasure at ZdOr1jeBiLo-00705-00142488-00142766 really congratulations uh haven't seen ZdOr1jeBiLo-00706-00142767-00142902 you go on your journey or at least the ZdOr1jeBiLo-00707-00142903-00143023 latter half of it ZdOr1jeBiLo-00708-00143024-00143223 and uh you got your hands full there at ZdOr1jeBiLo-00709-00143224-00143335 home ZdOr1jeBiLo-00710-00143336-00143478 uh but i look forward to your research ZdOr1jeBiLo-00711-00143479-00143639 being public ZdOr1jeBiLo-00712-00143640-00143799 and seeing what impact it has uh you ZdOr1jeBiLo-00713-00143800-00143951 know the multi-academy trust ZdOr1jeBiLo-00714-00143952-00144199 dialogue in england in particular as ZdOr1jeBiLo-00715-00144200-00144271 you'll know ZdOr1jeBiLo-00716-00144272-00144702 is very vast transparent places opaque ZdOr1jeBiLo-00717-00144703-00144807 in other parts ZdOr1jeBiLo-00718-00144808-00145087 um so it'd be a fantastic contribution ZdOr1jeBiLo-00719-00145088-00145223 and i wish you all well with the rest of ZdOr1jeBiLo-00720-00145224-00145359 your maternity leave ZdOr1jeBiLo-00721-00145360-00145583 locked down and everything else um so ZdOr1jeBiLo-00722-00145584-00145726 thanks claire very much ZdOr1jeBiLo-00723-00145727-00146103 great thanks ross