o8NtnkCZXkk-00000-00000280-00000808 so I'm Lauren um, I work at burnside day center which is based in Burgess Hill. o8NtnkCZXkk-00001-00000808-00001384 So, I first began my journey within West Sussex uh as a volunteer, great year of my life, o8NtnkCZXkk-00002-00001384-00001968 absolutely loved it. So, I left school with no qualifications and I just didn't believe o8NtnkCZXkk-00003-00001968-00002672 myself worthy to join a job where I had any responsibilities, so throughout my adolescence I o8NtnkCZXkk-00004-00002672-00003352 found believing in myself was a bit of a struggle, however joining West Sussex, I found my niche o8NtnkCZXkk-00005-00003352-00004088 and i've never felt so valued or respected and I have so many fond moments, so many memories o8NtnkCZXkk-00006-00004152-00004472 where i've made a difference to the people we support. o8NtnkCZXkk-00007-00004752-00005544 So one of them is an individual that attended Burnside found leaving the center and her own o8NtnkCZXkk-00008-00005544-00006048 home really hard, she became really anxious. She spoke to me and expressed that she would like to o8NtnkCZXkk-00009-00006048-00006720 go out to do some travel training and to go out independently to access the community. She would o8NtnkCZXkk-00010-00006720-00007536 get stuck whilst crossing roads, she just had this big fear. We did it, one day we started to um go o8NtnkCZXkk-00011-00007536-00008176 out on short walks and just avoiding roads, so we just went out into like a cul-de-sac for a few o8NtnkCZXkk-00012-00008176-00008816 months and then we slowly progressed to main roads um and she slowly started to gain her confidence. o8NtnkCZXkk-00013-00008816-00009648 So, this lady loved this one particular song and it always made her smile and laugh and she had o8NtnkCZXkk-00014-00009648-00010368 a really funny laugh, so whenever we came to a crossing I always used to sing this song to her o8NtnkCZXkk-00015-00010368-00011248 and it just, it just took her mind off of what she was doing and the look on her face and she was she o8NtnkCZXkk-00016-00011248-00012352 just looks so proud of herself and I was proud, so proud for her it was just yeah it was amazing ote_jkHtqbo-00000-00000000-00000222 How to create an animated Kirlian picture ote_jkHtqbo-00001-00000224-00000586 Realized with a GDV Camera Pro device and the Mini Lab kit. ote_jkHtqbo-00002-00000586-00001082 In order to realize this animation, we need a freshly picked daisy. ote_jkHtqbo-00003-00001402-00001857 Then, we will put this daisy on the electrode of a GDV Camera Pro device and start a dynamic capture. This will give us the following result : ote_jkHtqbo-00004-00002010-00002466 As you can see, the GDV device is only able to capture in black and white. But we can easily create the illusion of color. ote_jkHtqbo-00005-00002582-00003126 To create the illusion of color, you just need to superimpose the color image of the daisy on the black and white movie, and then add a color effect on the photonic glow. And that's it! ote_jkHtqbo-00006-00003884-00004502 GDV Camera Pro and GDV Mini Lab Hardware and software are available on http://www.gdvonline.fr ou1Dj33waHM-00000-00000013-00000584 Connection technologies are playing a role redistributing power from hierarchies, including ou1Dj33waHM-00001-00000584-00001047 the nation-state, including government, to citizens and networks of citizens. ou1Dj33waHM-00002-00001047-00001524 We’re increasingly seeing power structures that aren’t top-down in nature, it’s not ou1Dj33waHM-00003-00001524-00002014 one person inspiring and organizing the masses from on high. ou1Dj33waHM-00004-00002014-00002584 Increasingly leadership is looking like the internet itself: like a network, like a web. ou1Dj33waHM-00005-00002584-00002982 Now this is not always the case and this, to be frank, is not always a good thing. ou1Dj33waHM-00006-00002982-00003859 If you look in the countries that are pivoting to democracy in North Africa, the absence ou1Dj33waHM-00007-00003859-00004416 of leadership that came out of some of those protest movements leaves a gap often times. ou1Dj33waHM-00008-00004416-00004862 So what I see more than anything else is a redistribution of power from hierarchies to ou1Dj33waHM-00009-00004862-00005046 citizens and networks of citizens. ouIohhlm-wE-00000-00000003-00000327 in this problem we're looking at a straight pipe and the water is flowing ouIohhlm-wE-00001-00000327-00000702 from the left to the right the pipe has constant diameter and in the middle of ouIohhlm-wE-00002-00000702-00001046 the pipe there is a vowel and as found is partly open to slur the water still ouIohhlm-wE-00003-00001046-00001503 flows but it's creating a pressure drop inside the pipe what we know about the ouIohhlm-wE-00004-00001503-00001977 flow is that the inlet velocity is given 2 meters per second the valve here is ouIohhlm-wE-00005-00001977-00002493 creating a pressure loss of 3.5 kilo Pascal's and we have two kilograms per ouIohhlm-wE-00006-00002493-00002960 second of water coming in and we're looking for three informations one is ouIohhlm-wE-00007-00002960-00003548 the outlet velocity v2 the second one is the net force that's applied on the ouIohhlm-wE-00008-00003548-00003992 fluid as it transits and the last question is what is the power dissipated ouIohhlm-wE-00009-00003992-00004512 with with the valve as the flow goes through now let's have a look at this ouIohhlm-wE-00010-00004512-00005055 I'm going to do it wrong I'm going to show you how not to do the first ouIohhlm-wE-00011-00005055-00005568 question because it's a classic question that's pretty much every fluid ouIohhlm-wE-00012-00005568-00006021 dynamicists has done wrong at some point in their early student lives if they ouIohhlm-wE-00013-00006021-00006490 tell you it never did this perhaps take everything they say with a grain of salt ouIohhlm-wE-00014-00006490-00007092 so this is how to do it wrong you know so you can see what I do and try to spot ouIohhlm-wE-00015-00007092-00007415 the mistake and then we'll discuss afterwards what mistake is and I'll show ouIohhlm-wE-00016-00007415-00007790 you have to do it right of course yeah ouIohhlm-wE-00017-00007913-00008445 so what I'm gonna do is I'm going to write the Bernoulli equation and I'm ouIohhlm-wE-00018-00008445-00009115 going to write it like so I'm going to say P 1 over Rho 1 yes plus one-half of ouIohhlm-wE-00019-00009115-00010040 V 1 I'm sorry this should not be a row here first 1/2 of V 1 squared plus GZ 1 ouIohhlm-wE-00020-00010040-00010638 here this is equal to P 2 pressure - if I didn't tie the density - yes plus ouIohhlm-wE-00021-00010638-00011797 one-half of V 2 squared plus GZ 2 and I'm gonna look at point one point two ouIohhlm-wE-00022-00011797-00012293 here and I'm gonna see if anything cancels that anything crosses out and ouIohhlm-wE-00023-00012293-00012822 sure enough the altitude is the same so I can just remove GZ at 1 and GZ 2 here ouIohhlm-wE-00024-00012822-00013178 and I can look at what I have and what I don't have ouIohhlm-wE-00025-00013178-00013929 the one I know so that's kind of cool p1 I don't really have real one I have ouIohhlm-wE-00026-00013929-00014436 I don't know p1 I don't know p2 but I know P 2 minus P 1 because this is the ouIohhlm-wE-00027-00014436-00014910 pressure loss through the valve so p2 minus p1 I have it's minus 3 kilo ouIohhlm-wE-00028-00014910-00015491 Pascal's Rho 2 is equal to Rho 1 this is a density of water is known yeah how ouIohhlm-wE-00029-00015491-00015924 cool is this here is V 2 so this is the velocity I'm looking for let's try to ouIohhlm-wE-00030-00015924-00016404 isolate this guy here and put it as a function of all the other ones so let's ouIohhlm-wE-00031-00016404-00016652 have a look at I'm gonna take a step by step because I want to do it too fast ouIohhlm-wE-00032-00016652-00017385 1/2 of V 2 squared here put all the rest on the other side I got then is equal to ouIohhlm-wE-00033-00017385-00018573 P 1 over Rho 1 minus P 2 here over Rho 2 like so and then I got here plus 1/2 of ouIohhlm-wE-00034-00018573-00019197 V 1 squared so just try to work out if I can isolate V 2 over here I'm gonna ouIohhlm-wE-00035-00019197-00019644 first do a little bit of cleanup I'm going to do and then say Rho 1 is equal ouIohhlm-wE-00036-00019644-00020241 to Rho 2 this density here and P 2 minus P 1 so minus of that basically is a ouIohhlm-wE-00037-00020241-00020655 Delta P and I have for the valve and I'm going to say so this is Delta P of the ouIohhlm-wE-00038-00020655-00021159 valve and I need to put the miles in there because the Delta P of the valve ouIohhlm-wE-00039-00021159-00021741 is P 2 minus P 1 I have P 1 minus P 2 yes and I'm going to divide by the ouIohhlm-wE-00040-00021741-00022242 density I'm looking for space here so I mean push the equal sign a little bit ouIohhlm-wE-00041-00022242-00022964 like so 1/2 so 1 over Rho of the Delta P valve here and then I'm left with plus ouIohhlm-wE-00042-00022964-00023601 1/2 of the 1 squared and sure enough I can clean this up now so let's have now ouIohhlm-wE-00043-00023601-00024315 just V 2 here let me just put the multiply everything on this side by 2 so ouIohhlm-wE-00044-00024315-00025074 I got here minus 2 over Rho of the Delta P valve multiply the 2 over here so I ouIohhlm-wE-00045-00025074-00025647 get plus V 1 square yes and since I have a squared here I gotta put here a square ouIohhlm-wE-00046-00025647-00026270 root so I'm gonna put everything here to the power 0.5 and now let's put numbers in. ouIohhlm-wE-00048-00026569-00027337 Put here minus 2 over density of water 1000 yeah 10 to the power 3 ouIohhlm-wE-00049-00027337-00028058 kilograms per meter cube. The Delta P of the valve is given here, it is minus 3.5 ouIohhlm-wE-00050-00028058-00028541 kiloPascals, and watch out for the unit, times 10 to the power of 3 pascals, ouIohhlm-wE-00051-00028541-00029156 put it in the SI units, plus V1 squared is given here as 2, so ouIohhlm-wE-00052-00029156-00029783 that's 2 to the power 2. So when I put all of this to the power 0.5, ouIohhlm-wE-00053-00029783-00030413 type this into the calculator, which I did for you before, this works out ouIohhlm-wE-00054-00030413-00031376 to be just 11, 2 times 3.5, 7, 7 + 4 that's 11, 11 to the power 0.5 turns out to be ouIohhlm-wE-00055-00031376-00032129 three point three one seven. What was i calculating? Immediately put units. It was ouIohhlm-wE-00056-00032129-00032870 V2 so these are meters per second. Again, watch out, this ouIohhlm-wE-00057-00032870-00033281 is wrong yeah? I don't want you to believe this is correct. But let's pretend ouIohhlm-wE-00058-00033281-00033767 this is correct for a moment, and I just say here "oh yeah velocity increase, why did ouIohhlm-wE-00059-00033767-00034100 the velocity increase? because of course the pressure decreases, pressure ouIohhlm-wE-00060-00034100-00034871 decreases, so velocity’s got to increase" no? no? Okay so where where is the mistake ouIohhlm-wE-00061-00034871-00035435 in this, in this page here? Let me show you first why it's wrong, and what's the ouIohhlm-wE-00062-00035435-00035864 problem with this result, what should immediately ring a bell when you write ouIohhlm-wE-00063-00035864-00036410 this result here, not a little bell but like annoying beep-beep-beep alarm ouIohhlm-wE-00064-00036410-00036905 with a red light flashing in your head. Let's have a look at the problem, at the ouIohhlm-wE-00065-00036905-00037307 inlet here. You have two meters per second of water through a certain area ouIohhlm-wE-00066-00037307-00037679 and with a certain density. So you have a certain mass flow, well actually you have two ouIohhlm-wE-00067-00037679-00038360 kilograms per second of water coming in. When they exit, the velocity has increased but ouIohhlm-wE-00068-00038360-00038744 the area is still the same, the density is still the same, so you have more mass ouIohhlm-wE-00069-00038744-00039425 flow exiting your pipe then coming in! Where is the mass flow coming from? Who ouIohhlm-wE-00070-00039425-00039719 is creating all these kilograms per second more ouIohhlm-wE-00071-00039719-00040385 than we had at the inlet? And the answer is of course /nobody/. If we have a ouIohhlm-wE-00072-00040385-00040808 pipe that has constant cross-section you may have as big a drop of pressure as ouIohhlm-wE-00073-00040808-00041165 you can in the middle and still are not going to increase the mass flow at ouIohhlm-wE-00074-00041165-00041633 the outlet. The correct answer, and then we'll look at the *why* it's wrong to use ouIohhlm-wE-00075-00041633-00042191 the Bernoulli equation in this case, the correct answer is so: the mass flow here ouIohhlm-wE-00076-00042191-00043157 it is Rho1 v1 a1 and it's also equal to Rho2 V2 a2. And this is equal to 2 ouIohhlm-wE-00077-00043157-00043619 kilograms per second and so it doesn't take long to see that if I have ouIohhlm-wE-00078-00043619-00044297 A1 is equal to A2, and then I have Rho 2 is equal to ouIohhlm-wE-00079-00044297-00044999 Rho 1, then I have V2 is equal to V1, yes, it's also equal to 2 meters per ouIohhlm-wE-00080-00044999-00045707 second, period. Okay. You cannot create or destroy mass by just adding a valve ouIohhlm-wE-00081-00045707-00046238 inside the pipe. So now let me let me show you what's wrong with this equation ouIohhlm-wE-00082-00046238-00046748 let me show you what is wrong with this. None of the math in here is wrong. This ouIohhlm-wE-00083-00046748-00047444 is all correct, as far as I can see. What’s incorrect is when in my mind, somewhere ouIohhlm-wE-00084-00047444-00047866 in the back of my mind, there was a little voice that said it "use the ouIohhlm-wE-00085-00047866-00048383 Bernoulli equation" because this is not, this is not correct. ouIohhlm-wE-00086-00048383-00048857 The Bernoulli equation does not apply when you have losses inside the pipe. And so ouIohhlm-wE-00087-00048857-00049286 you may be thinking "well it's it's easy for you to say, Olivier but there are half a ouIohhlm-wE-00088-00049286-00049901 billion equations in these lecture notes, and on top of this some of them are ouIohhlm-wE-00089-00049901-00050258 wrong and are gonna push me off the tracks, so how do I know which is right ouIohhlm-wE-00090-00050258-00050575 and which is wrong at any given time? Because this looks pretty tempting to me." ouIohhlm-wE-00091-00050575-00050957 And I see your point. Now let's see what equations are ouIohhlm-wE-00092-00050957-00051575 available for you. There are basically three equations and they have different ouIohhlm-wE-00093-00051575-00051983 forms, different shapes, they’re the basic three equations in fluid dynamics, and these ouIohhlm-wE-00094-00051983-00052496 are written here at the start of the exercise. You have mass conservation, you ouIohhlm-wE-00095-00052496-00052958 have momentum balance, balance of momentum, which is about ouIohhlm-wE-00096-00052958-00053438 force, and you have balance of energy which is about power. ouIohhlm-wE-00097-00053438-00053954 So you have three things going on. One tells you about mass ouIohhlm-wE-00098-00053954-00054977 flow. One tells you about net force. And one tells you about power. These are, ouIohhlm-wE-00099-00054977-00055448 these three equations here in this form, the conditions for them are written ouIohhlm-wE-00100-00055448-00056051 below and they are for a "fixed control volume with a steady flow" okay ouIohhlm-wE-00101-00056051-00056582 Fixed control volume means your pipe here is not inflating it's not getting ouIohhlm-wE-00102-00056582-00057041 bigger it's not getting smaller, inflating or deflating. And steady flow ouIohhlm-wE-00103-00057041-00057539 means if you take a picture of this and you take a picture every second ouIohhlm-wE-00104-00057539-00057950 those pictures are always the same. It does not change with time. These ouIohhlm-wE-00105-00057950-00058354 two conditions are pretty reasonable. they are not arbitrary and as long as ouIohhlm-wE-00106-00058354-00058871 these conditions apply then you're safe using these equations. The Bernoulli ouIohhlm-wE-00107-00058871-00059258 equation has many more restrictions, I'm not going to go into detail about this ouIohhlm-wE-00108-00059258-00060079 because it is much easier to use just here the balance for energy equation. If ouIohhlm-wE-00109-00060079-00060632 I had used this equation here, then I would have had here to think about the ouIohhlm-wE-00110-00060632-00061184 difference between i1 and i2. And since there are losses inside the pipe, I would ouIohhlm-wE-00111-00061184-00061870 have refrained from crossing them out. Certainly these gz1 and gz2 would have gone ouIohhlm-wE-00112-00061870-00062455 but now i can see that there are exchanges between *three* terms that can ouIohhlm-wE-00113-00062455-00063416 happen inside the pipe: i, p and V. I'm not adding any power as input or extracting ouIohhlm-wE-00114-00063416-00063896 any power as output from the pipe, this is just a valve no moving part in here, ouIohhlm-wE-00115-00063896-00064295 and not adding or removing heat, so there's two terms of zero, and so the ouIohhlm-wE-00116-00064295-00064973 fluid is left to exchange between V, p an d i. V is constrained by the fact that ouIohhlm-wE-00117-00064973-00065392 we know the flow is flowing. Two kilograms per second are coming in, they ouIohhlm-wE-00118-00065392-00065849 have to get out of the pipe, and since the the area here is not changing, ouIohhlm-wE-00119-00065849-00066241 V has got to be the same, I know this for sure. And so I can see ouIohhlm-wE-00120-00066241-00066853 now that the Delta P, the changing pressure created by the valve, will all ouIohhlm-wE-00121-00066853-00067441 create a delta i. A change of internal energy of the water. In other words I ouIohhlm-wE-00122-00067441-00067921 destroy energy as pressure with my valve in the middle where this piece of ouIohhlm-wE-00123-00067921-00068434 friction here and I put this energy back into the flow as internal energy. It's ouIohhlm-wE-00124-00068434-00068821 going to increase its temperature, by a very small amount because the heat ouIohhlm-wE-00125-00068821-00069214 capacity of the fluid is very high, but this, all the energy that’s extracted ouIohhlm-wE-00126-00069214-00069709 by the valve, is put back into the water. Okay so if I had used this equation then ouIohhlm-wE-00127-00069709-00070123 it would have allowed me to stop and see that there's no possible way to ouIohhlm-wE-00128-00070123-00070642 calculate the velocity with this energy equation in this case and the mass flow ouIohhlm-wE-00129-00070642-00071014 equation is enough to solve the flow. So in case you're lost, ouIohhlm-wE-00130-00071014-00071440 ask yourself what you want to calculate and remember that these three equations ouIohhlm-wE-00131-00071440-00072247 are almost always good. The pipe is not expanding or contracting yes, ouIohhlm-wE-00132-00072247-00072748 your pipe is not accumulating mass, and it's a steady flow? these three ouIohhlm-wE-00133-00072748-00073246 equations are good for you. All right. Okay, so we're done with the first question ouIohhlm-wE-00134-00073246-00073645 the other two questions are going to be much easier and much simpler to solve, ouIohhlm-wE-00135-00073645-00074068 you're going to see. So the second thing we're after is net force applying on the ouIohhlm-wE-00136-00074068-00074659 pipe. Well for this I can draw my pipe like so, and the valve in the middle, and ouIohhlm-wE-00137-00074659-00075079 I'm going to draw a control volume which is basically the area I'm interested in, ouIohhlm-wE-00138-00075079-00075490 the volume of interest. Let me draw it like this. This is a control ouIohhlm-wE-00139-00075490-00076030 volume, I call it CV, control volume here. I look at my vectors coming in and I have ouIohhlm-wE-00140-00076030-00076747 V one here as a vector, and I have V 2 here exiting, and the length of V 2 and ouIohhlm-wE-00141-00076747-00077122 the length of V 1 are the same. And the directions are the same. So that I have ouIohhlm-wE-00142-00077122-00077689 in fact V2 here is equal to V1 as a vector, like so, and so it doesn't take ouIohhlm-wE-00143-00077689-00078460 long when I look back on my momentum balance equation which is here, to ouIohhlm-wE-00144-00078460-00078849 write it like so: the net force ouIohhlm-wE-00145-00078891-00079650 which is equal to the mass flow multiplied by V2 minus V1, yeah the ouIohhlm-wE-00146-00079650-00080256 mass flow may not be 0 but V2 minus V1 is 0 or more precisely vector 0, ouIohhlm-wE-00147-00080256-00080831 that's going to be here, 0, vector 0, F net. ouIohhlm-wE-00148-00080849-00081557 Just to be clear, this is a vector and so just for you to see and to use, remember ouIohhlm-wE-00149-00081557-00082064 that arrows, equations with arrows, have many dimensions. I could also write it ouIohhlm-wE-00150-00082064-00083010 like this: I could write it as the three components F net X, F net Y, and F net ouIohhlm-wE-00151-00083010-00083600 Z, this is a vector and this vector is equal to 0 0 0. ouIohhlm-wE-00152-00083600-00083933 You don't have to do this, I just want to make clear these this is actually three ouIohhlm-wE-00153-00083933-00084650 equations. The last question we are asked is what is the energy ouIohhlm-wE-00154-00084650-00085457 dissipated as friction? What is the power lost here through the ouIohhlm-wE-00155-00085457-00085889 presence of the valve, as the water passes through the valve, how much power? ouIohhlm-wE-00156-00085889-00086252 You can ask yourself, if you want, you can formulate the question in a slightly ouIohhlm-wE-00157-00086252-00086894 different way. You could say you have your pipe here with your valve, and then you ouIohhlm-wE-00158-00086894-00087425 plug this pipe here back into the inlet, then you put a little pump, should work ouIohhlm-wE-00159-00087425-00087981 like th is, yeah, and the pump here pushes the water through the valve, what is the ouIohhlm-wE-00160-00087981-00088388 power that you need to put into this pump to compensate for the friction ouIohhlm-wE-00161-00088388-00088848 inside the pipe? It's just a conceptual idea, yeah. And this is told, power is told ouIohhlm-wE-00162-00088848-00089339 using a energy balance equation. So I go back to the script over here and I just ouIohhlm-wE-00163-00089339-00089691 copy the energy balance equation now. Let's just again take time to formulate ouIohhlm-wE-00164-00089691-00090176 each of the terms, and not in a hurry, I'm not trying to save 20 seconds, so let's ouIohhlm-wE-00165-00090176-00090869 break them out. I have power as heat, net given to the flow, plus power as work ouIohhlm-wE-00166-00090869-00091443 net given or taken away from the flow, is equal to the mass flow here and I'm ouIohhlm-wE-00167-00091443-00091961 gonna condense this into a Delta equation, so I'm gonna say delta i ouIohhlm-wE-00168-00091961-00092438 plus Delta P over Rho (Rho remains constant in this ouIohhlm-wE-00169-00092438-00093729 equation) plus one-half of Delta of V squared —I'm sorry V squared like this— ouIohhlm-wE-00170-00093729-00094643 plus g Delta z like so. And so I can see that the net power given as heat, ouIohhlm-wE-00171-00094643-00095144 net power given as work, causes a change in different forms of energy in the flow. ouIohhlm-wE-00172-00095144-00095750 And in this case we have a simple valve here, there is no power given from ouIohhlm-wE-00173-00095750-00096204 the outside or taken to the outside, either as work or as heat, so both of ouIohhlm-wE-00174-00096204-00096620 those terms are zero here, and I'm just left with the addition of those terms: ouIohhlm-wE-00175-00096620-00097070 Delta Z, the change in altitude that's zero over here, ouIohhlm-wE-00176-00097070-00098016 Delta V squared, zero here, and I can see now here that I have zero is equal to ouIohhlm-wE-00177-00098016-00098850 mass flow here multiplied by Delta i plus Delta P over Rho. And this is what I ouIohhlm-wE-00178-00098850-00099470 meant earlier when I said the entire change in pressure is going to a change in ouIohhlm-wE-00179-00099470-00100145 internal energy Delta i. The power that goes to increase the temperature of ouIohhlm-wE-00180-00100145-00100730 the flow, the internal energy of the flow, here is M Delta i. Power ouIohhlm-wE-00181-00100730-00101876 dissipation is equal to m dot delta i here. And I can see through this here it ouIohhlm-wE-00182-00101876-00102707 is equal to m dot times minus Delta P over Rho like so. Let's put numbers ouIohhlm-wE-00183-00102707-00103303 into this, and we'll say P dissipation ouIohhlm-wE-00184-00103414-00104293 is m dot minus Delta P over rho ouIohhlm-wE-00185-00104293-00105115 m dot is in this case 2 kg/s, the Delta P is minus 3.5, so minus Delta P will be ouIohhlm-wE-00186-00105115-00105616 plus 3.5 times ten to the power 3 (because it's kilopascals) ouIohhlm-wE-00187-00105616-00106225 and then divide this by the density which is 1000, or ten to the power of 3, ouIohhlm-wE-00188-00106225-00106807 and so I can see that I have two times 3.5, and this is 7 watts. ouIohhlm-wE-00189-00106807-00108157 Seven watts of power that's not a lot of power ouIohhlm-wE-00190-00108157-00108979 So again when you're stuck not knowing what equation you need to look for, remember ouIohhlm-wE-00191-00108979-00109531 what those three basic equations say. Read the conditions. If they apply you're ouIohhlm-wE-00192-00109531-00110064 always safe. Better take a big equation here and cross out the terms one by one, ouIohhlm-wE-00193-00110064-00110656 than take shortcuts and apply equations that will run you into the wall. Good luck! ov-WRXHojvA-00000-00000000-00000431 How's it Going Guys This is Etzer Here and Today I'm going to be Teaching you how to color and Shade your ov-WRXHojvA-00001-00000442-00001083 Icons you Can See the Final and icons and results Down here [we've] got, some nice Shading, some nice Colors from outer Glow ov-WRXHojvA-00002-00001087-00001694 They Look Like They Could Potentially fit Into the game She, [was] five icons that are Completely Uncolored unshaded that ov-WRXHojvA-00003-00001694-00002108 We're Going to be going Through today, We Would be starting with the shield Which Is very Simple but then ov-WRXHojvA-00004-00002109-00002211 We'll Get Into more Complex? ov-WRXHojvA-00005-00002211-00002531 Spiders Waves and other things Just to mix it Up a little bit ov-WRXHojvA-00006-00002542-00002960 I'm going to be going Through this tutorial With the Understanding that you Guys Have a basic Knowledge of ov-WRXHojvA-00007-00002971-00003363 [Photoshop] if You Guys Don't have that yet Click the card right Up in that Top right Corner ov-WRXHojvA-00008-00003376-00003927 [It's] going to take you to the first tutorial I made [it] will teach you how not only to create the icons that [I] have ov-WRXHojvA-00009-00003927-00004110 You Shown Here Today but it will ov-WRXHojvA-00010-00004110-00004503 Also teach you how to use Photoshop and all the basics that you're Going to need for this tutorial ov-WRXHojvA-00011-00004609-00004928 Taking A look at some of the finalized icons you can See a Lot of Complex ov-WRXHojvA-00012-00004939-00005462 Coloring Some Shading and Everyone you can See in This one We've got some Gradient Where it Turns from one Color to Another ov-WRXHojvA-00013-00005605-00005916 There's Another [Vision] Over Here you Can See There's some Complex Shading ov-WRXHojvA-00014-00005916-00006152 On the Spiders legs With some Darker in The Back ov-WRXHojvA-00015-00006180-00006773 There is also a little bit of Complexity here With some Shading that's all kind of Shadow [I] suppose ov-WRXHojvA-00016-00006804-00007145 and then this Just to give Some cool highlights Are ov-WRXHojvA-00017-00007183-00007613 We're Probably going to be using a lot of These Different techniques Just you Guys Can Understand all of them ov-WRXHojvA-00018-00007654-00008168 On and of Course this is not going to be my only in Last Tutorial about These if You guys want to see more About ov-WRXHojvA-00019-00008168-00008732 How to Make These icons how to Make Spiders how to Make Different things in This Game Feel free to let me Know in the ov-WRXHojvA-00020-00008733-00008933 Comments Below I want to hear you guys Feedback ov-WRXHojvA-00021-00008982-00009416 And i will be sure to Make the next tutorial soon as possible With that out of the Way ov-WRXHojvA-00022-00009447-00009914 [Let] us Begin With This first Icon Up here it is a basic Shield icon ov-WRXHojvA-00023-00010011-00010322 It Would Probably be one of the most simple icons in the entire Game? ov-WRXHojvA-00024-00010350-00010814 But I think it's pretty good for Just Demonstrating A, couple techniques that we'd like to try Here ov-WRXHojvA-00025-00010870-00011150 There's Probably Going to be a simple color Outside ov-WRXHojvA-00026-00011197-00011825 Another Color Inside This Could Be Maybe A light blue in Here and then that like Clean out Here again it's very Simple as Just ov-WRXHojvA-00027-00011825-00012035 Square Shake Everything Should be very Easy ov-WRXHojvA-00028-00012057-00012683 Over Here [you'll] See [later] Selected Is this entire Shield you'll see it's The one in Red and i can move Around this is the ov-WRXHojvA-00029-00012730-00013388 Icon Stuff Can Hire and [Middle] Eyes again this is the icon, we're Going to be using for this first Demonstration ov-WRXHojvA-00030-00013444-00013794 [We're] Going to start off doing this will Just start Off By Creating a new layer ov-WRXHojvA-00031-00013838-00014093 I were just going to Name this new layer color ov-WRXHojvA-00032-00014136-00014453 You don't have to name it anything it's just Something I like to do to Keep Myself ov-WRXHojvA-00033-00014466-00014805 Organized in This Tutorial The Main Things are Going to be using [our] the magic Wand tool ov-WRXHojvA-00034-00014847-00015491 The Rectangle Selection Tool and Then Finally, we're also going to be using the fill tool for the Gradient tool ov-WRXHojvA-00035-00015568-00016188 [so] Starting off will Use the most basic tool which is the [lil] bucket tool at the start it might Appear Like This sort of ov-WRXHojvA-00036-00016191-00016650 Gray From Black to white which is the Gradient tool will be using that as, well but for now ov-WRXHojvA-00037-00016650-00016762 We want the Paint Bucket tool ov-WRXHojvA-00038-00016762-00017235 [We're] Gonna hold Down on the Gradient and we're Going to See a Pop-Up menu Appear and we're Just going to click on a paint ov-WRXHojvA-00039-00017235-00017564 Bucket for that to Pop up, we have a [pink] [Polka] now as ov-WRXHojvA-00040-00017565-00017817 We go Around and We pick a color [so] over here ov-WRXHojvA-00041-00017826-00018488 Let's pick a light blue and We still you'll Notice the entire the entire Document Fills in That Light blue color ov-WRXHojvA-00042-00018559-00019247 [Um] this isn't good because Essentially. We want to be Filling, We only want to be Filling This part in Here? ov-WRXHojvA-00043-00019248-00019589 We want to fill all this We don't want to fill out Any here, We don't want that? ov-WRXHojvA-00044-00019670-00020165 What We want is We want a fill that only Fills in This Area so it's Phil bucket tool ov-WRXHojvA-00045-00020166-00020504 Selected There's Going to be a toolbar Up here [Their] Peers the two Buttons ov-WRXHojvA-00046-00020504-00020927 We care About are The all Layers Button and then this tolerance Text Box right Here ov-WRXHojvA-00047-00020938-00021213 We're Gonna Be using These most Part first ov-WRXHojvA-00048-00021213-00021960 We're all Layers does is Essentially [with] checked it Essentially Takes Every Single line from every Single layer so you can See ov-WRXHojvA-00049-00021960-00022382 We have the color layer which We have Open Right Now but Then, We also have the Shield layer and Then? ov-WRXHojvA-00050-00022382-00022724 We, also have all These other Layers here it Takes Every Single layer ov-WRXHojvA-00051-00022795-00023181 And it Basically Stack Them on Top of each other when Itself so if I have [Is]? ov-WRXHojvA-00052-00023197-00023702 Unselected if I have all layers unselected I [fill] it will fill the entire Color Space ov-WRXHojvA-00053-00023725-00024260 Because it Assumes That There's Nothing Here and [then] it's only Just going to fill the entire Space ov-WRXHojvA-00054-00024319-00024481 However ov-WRXHojvA-00055-00024481-00024692 Now if [I] change this to always ov-WRXHojvA-00056-00024718-00025242 It's going to see the Shield's Later on this over here is going to see that when I click Still ov-WRXHojvA-00057-00025267-00025814 It's going to Acknowledge that it's There and Only Feel Inside Those Black [Outlets] so you can ov-WRXHojvA-00058-00025814-00026033 Already Tell why This is there useful because now We have? ov-WRXHojvA-00059-00026137-00026712 Essentially Color so Now Let's Take a nice Green color and We'll do all layers here again ov-WRXHojvA-00060-00026877-00027542 Tolerance isn't that Important but Essentially if You have a high Tolerance like 250 it Essentially Means that it will ov-WRXHojvA-00061-00027583-00028295 Basically Overlap Lines Faster But I low Tolerance will Basically not Come Up to the Edges as much so if I have ov-WRXHojvA-00062-00028312-00028512 A very low, tolerance let's Say ov-WRXHojvA-00063-00028512-00029106 One and [I] feel you'll notice Jet off the Edges you'll Notice you get this kind of [Grady] Stuff ov-WRXHojvA-00064-00029125-00029330 Whereas if I have a higher Tolerance ov-WRXHojvA-00065-00029416-00029733 You get it more Overlapping here it's not ov-WRXHojvA-00066-00029733-00029869 A big deal for ov-WRXHojvA-00067-00029869-00030031 Icons [I] usually Spread it Around ov-WRXHojvA-00068-00030031-00030726 30 [I] think That's Pretty much Generally default for what you Guys have [so] just Keep Around 30 and you guys Should be fine ov-WRXHojvA-00069-00030825-00031110 [I] let's fill this Thing again and now that We have A? ov-WRXHojvA-00070-00031210-00031664 Icon [Lets] Try to Make some Glow on the Outside so if you haven't Seen Other ov-WRXHojvA-00071-00031675-00032319 Icons You'll Notice that There's this like Little [Boy] blue Glow, Or red Glow Around them Which is Essentially ov-WRXHojvA-00072-00032374-00033033 They Kind of Pop out more so we're Going to be Adding that to this One After This I like to use something Called Blending ov-WRXHojvA-00073-00033049-00033765 Options What we're Going to do, Is we're going to take the Shield layer selected right Here and we're Going to right-Click the Shield layer ov-WRXHojvA-00074-00033838-00034115 [We're] Gonna get this big drop Down Menu if You remember last Time ov-WRXHojvA-00075-00034116-00034748 We used it for rasterize layer and Duplicate layer this Time, we're Going to click the very Top Option Blending Options ov-WRXHojvA-00076-00034801-00035271 on this has a multitude of tools that are all very Useful to their Own ov-WRXHojvA-00077-00035296-00035690 For Their Own uses [were] Mostly Focused on is the Stroke tool when I click Stroke? ov-WRXHojvA-00078-00035710-00036051 [You'll] Notice that They are [the] sort of Outline Appears ov-WRXHojvA-00079-00036097-00036744 Generally it might be A Different one Might be on the Inside for you so it might Look something like this might Look ov-WRXHojvA-00080-00036744-00037479 Something Like This Could Really Look Like Anything all These tools Are pretty Helpful so the two things that ov-WRXHojvA-00081-00037479-00037679 We're Going to be Looking at our color ov-WRXHojvA-00082-00037690-00038145 and the Position and I guess, we're Going to be doing sighs as, well but That's Pretty Self-Explanatory ov-WRXHojvA-00083-00038218-00038727 of the color you use the second Color Mostly so if you click on that you'll See this color Palate Appear ov-WRXHojvA-00084-00038752-00039389 And where if You hover over here you'll See an Eyedropper tool Appear and Whatever you click on it will Change to that color ov-WRXHojvA-00085-00039411-00039716 [I] would Make it light blue since that is the Secondary color ov-WRXHojvA-00086-00039780-00039842 and now ov-WRXHojvA-00087-00039842-00040256 We're Going to change the Position to Outside There's Three Different Position to [the] Center ov-WRXHojvA-00088-00040284-00040967 There's Inside There's Outside The [Art] of Various uses but Especially Outside does is it Makes an Outline Basically and that's what ov-WRXHojvA-00089-00040967-00041522 We want Because this is A glow, we're [going] to set the Size, We Can Change it to very Big it's very Self-Explanatory ov-WRXHojvA-00090-00041613-00041894 of This Looks Like it could be A decent Size ov-WRXHojvA-00091-00041977-00042179 And that Alone is a Decent-Looking ov-WRXHojvA-00092-00042286-00042858 Simple Tutorial on How to Make this type of thing Let's go Into Shading Though because ov-WRXHojvA-00093-00042963-00043481 That's also very Important Icon like this is pretty Gland and it Could Definitely Use some Shading ov-WRXHojvA-00094-00043527-00043775 [We] [are] Going to create Another layer Up here then ov-WRXHojvA-00095-00043775-00044213 We're Going to call it Shake again you don't have to Make Another layer but it helps with some ov-WRXHojvA-00096-00044233-00044649 Organization and You [don't] have to name it but it helps the Organization Arm ov-WRXHojvA-00097-00044700-00045314 For this When I [what] I shade I always start With A black color and then what I do Is I essentially Take ov-WRXHojvA-00098-00045355-00045453 My Brush tool ov-WRXHojvA-00099-00045453-00046160 Over Here Take my Brush tool and [I] select the Brush Size Up here [Make] it a kind of big ov-WRXHojvA-00100-00046188-00046631 And then I sort of color Where I want the Shading to be? ov-WRXHojvA-00101-00046728-00046857 Armed ov-WRXHojvA-00102-00046857-00047459 So [i] think what I want is I want This half of the Shield to be Kind of faded like this ov-WRXHojvA-00103-00047547-00048194 So i'm going to color in that half but as you can see There are [its] Kind of Us kind of A bad line ov-WRXHojvA-00104-00048207-00048839 To want to Make This Perfectly straight and we're Going to use the rectangular Marquee tool Is what it's Called? ov-WRXHojvA-00105-00048880-00049490 It's Essentially a selection Box Where when you select With it Essentially Notice that it Pops up ov-WRXHojvA-00106-00049533-00050123 And when you Let go you'll Notice There's A Box and Essentially I Can only draw on this Box [so] now ov-WRXHojvA-00107-00050142-00050639 If I try to [do] Outside you'll notice that I'm not allowed to and I'm trying to draw [as] you and it's cut off ov-WRXHojvA-00108-00050674-00050897 Top [so] This is Helpful because it ov-WRXHojvA-00109-00050897-00051449 Also Comes off The Racing which means that if I have a line Like this and I Erase it will Raise ov-WRXHojvA-00110-00051453-00051686 Perfectly Down The Center Just How I wanted to ov-WRXHojvA-00111-00051753-00052442 [um] if You Guys are Stuck in This Box and you don't know how to unselect it hit ctrl D or command D ov-WRXHojvA-00112-00052458-00052868 And it will Be select the Box This is something I struggled with A lot at first ov-WRXHojvA-00113-00052912-00053579 This Essentially Made Makes [it] that you Can Click Around Places Sometimes you'll Be in This tool and You'll try ov-WRXHojvA-00114-00053579-00053745 To draw, Something, Over Here [you'd] be like why ov-WRXHojvA-00115-00053745-00054485 Isn't Destroying This is Probably Because this Box is There to Take Control D or [Command-V] and it will go away you'll Notice that it's ov-WRXHojvA-00116-00054499-00055085 Completely Black and That doesn't Really fit With Geometry, dash and all [I'm] so. We want to Make This a more ov-WRXHojvA-00117-00055138-00055365 [Dark] [Blues] like This Rather ov-WRXHojvA-00118-00055365-00055540 Than A Pitch-Black ov-WRXHojvA-00119-00055540-00056178 to do that we're Going to be using the Opacity to over here with the Shade layer Selected We click this ov-WRXHojvA-00120-00056191-00056630 And if You Notice When, We slide it you'll Notice it Gets less Opaque or moral pig ov-WRXHojvA-00121-00056770-00057071 Essentially This Controls How See Through the Black Is ov-WRXHojvA-00122-00057169-00057896 The lower The Value The lighter The Shading the higher the Value the Darker Shading you Can Play Around this to your own personal Taste ov-WRXHojvA-00123-00057954-00058154 I think that looks Just about right ov-WRXHojvA-00124-00058204-00058592 [Uh] [I'm] going to Make the outer Glow a little bit Baker ov-WRXHojvA-00125-00058753-00058917 and not Look ov-WRXHojvA-00126-00058917-00059628 That Looks Pretty Good and that Is one Finish a Daikon [uh] this is the most simple way to do it ov-WRXHojvA-00127-00059666-00060240 I'm going to go over some more Advanced techniques in The Second Part of the tutorial if You Guys find them Necessary ov-WRXHojvA-00128-00060240-00060461 Or want to know These more Complex Tutorials ov-WRXHojvA-00129-00060532-00061041 Please Stick Around for the next Half of the Video if not Thank you Guys for Watching Please leave a like Etcetera Etcetera ov-WRXHojvA-00130-00061080-00061776 But Without Further Ado let's Just get on to These other icons that We have here and we're Going to do some more Complex ov-WRXHojvA-00131-00061837-00062271 Designs Be Selected Into it so Starting off Let's do this Cube Here ov-WRXHojvA-00132-00062350-00062723 We are Going to create a new layer Once Again [made] Colors ov-WRXHojvA-00133-00062824-00063264 Double Click on Image to name A color that is how I do it at least ov-WRXHojvA-00134-00063340-00064046 Let's pick A color Heroes Pinky Pink and Let's Just fill in the Spots that We think are Good? ov-WRXHojvA-00135-00064080-00064415 And then this inside Let's Make a light blue ov-WRXHojvA-00136-00064479-00064679 Get some Riot Colors Going ov-WRXHojvA-00137-00064735-00065058 Let's Just Play Reality is it just a little bit [Switch] the Spots ov-WRXHojvA-00138-00065119-00065308 Are now that Could be Good ov-WRXHojvA-00139-00065308-00065918 So i think for this Middle Part I kinda want to gradient Just so that it's not Just Think so maybe something like this Kind ov-WRXHojvA-00140-00065919-00066260 of I'll go, over how to do this in a second don't worry arm ov-WRXHojvA-00141-00066312-00067022 Something Like This so that There's A bit more Gradient and Then I also want Maybe some Shading Down here right Here ov-WRXHojvA-00142-00067054-00067349 And then Maybe Make this Part Darker and This Part Dr. ov-WRXHojvA-00143-00067360-00067927 Are very very Rough Sketch but You Guys I think Hopefully Can Understand what I want to achieve it ov-WRXHojvA-00144-00068013-00068381 Let us go Straight Into Shading first soft ov-WRXHojvA-00145-00068451-00069089 [I'm] going to have that black and then use my Brush [and] going to draw in All the places that I want Shading to be ov-WRXHojvA-00146-00069148-00069581 I i think I want this entire Spot to be Doctors Just the entire Thing ov-WRXHojvA-00147-00069654-00069854 And then This one as, well Armed ov-WRXHojvA-00148-00070176-00070580 Let's go, over to Delay [or] two of Course and Make it a little bit ov-WRXHojvA-00149-00070648-00071387 Opaque and Yes I don't really like that I think it's [I] want a little more Variation so instead of a rectangular Marquee tool ov-WRXHojvA-00150-00071387-00072158 We're Going to click hold Down and you'll See a Various Options will Click Elliptical Marquee tool for this Purpose Because it's More Circular ov-WRXHojvA-00151-00072189-00072806 We select You'll Notice iT's a little Shaped, we are going to highlight Let's Say This Spot right Here ov-WRXHojvA-00152-00072891-00073277 And then Erase That Shading and Then move it over Here ov-WRXHojvA-00153-00073413-00073613 And do A similar thing ov-WRXHojvA-00154-00073728-00073866 and ov-WRXHojvA-00155-00073866-00074222 Erase This Shape and so now You've got a little bit More ov-WRXHojvA-00156-00074331-00074531 Variation [I] kind of like that A bit More ov-WRXHojvA-00157-00074592-00075125 Let's adD some Shading in The Middle With that a little dot [I] will Take this tool again ov-WRXHojvA-00158-00075125-00075407 Hold Shift to Make a perfect circle Centered in The Middle ov-WRXHojvA-00159-00075470-00075670 We're Going to click Ctrl shift I ov-WRXHojvA-00160-00075702-00076166 And what Control Shift [I] does is it Takes the selected Area Outside of the Circle ov-WRXHojvA-00161-00076191-00076588 So Now When I erase [it] erases The Outside of The circle Rather than Inside ov-WRXHojvA-00162-00076647-00077156 We're [Going] [to] click ctrl D 2 [D]. Select that tool to find that Shading is Perfectly in the Middle ov-WRXHojvA-00163-00077319-00077933 And you know it was that Lets Just Let's go crazy little bit more Shading Let's Add some Shading up here ov-WRXHojvA-00164-00078141-00078341 and down Here ov-WRXHojvA-00165-00078492-00079118 And we'll use that Marquee tool again the elliptical Marquee tool, [we're] Going to erase This Part ov-WRXHojvA-00166-00079212-00079397 [Move] This Up here ov-WRXHojvA-00167-00079397-00079554 Erase This Part ov-WRXHojvA-00168-00079554-00079754 and then Change the Opacity ov-WRXHojvA-00169-00079794-00080321 And Already it Looks Pretty Good but I want to teach you guys how to do the Gradient next ov-WRXHojvA-00170-00080361-00080765 For Gradient [I] use the magic Wand tool and the Gradient tool ov-WRXHojvA-00171-00080802-00081307 To get to the Gradient tool remember you hold Down the Paint bucket or the Gradient then you click on great ov-WRXHojvA-00172-00081366-00081658 Arm You'll See A Lot of Different Options if You click up here ov-WRXHojvA-00173-00081720-00081920 Um you'll See There's Five Different ov-WRXHojvA-00174-00082008-00082208 Techniques As well as A ov-WRXHojvA-00175-00082230-00082910 A color so the Palace Essentially [if] We click on the color Thing you'll See A lot of Different Presets The one ov-WRXHojvA-00176-00082910-00083641 We want is the Black Or whatever Colors in The Top Left that Slowly fades to These Checkerboard pattern Which means? ov-WRXHojvA-00177-00083667-00084011 Opacity Arms so, we're Going to click that one and Click, ok ov-WRXHojvA-00178-00084087-00084572 And you'll Notice when you change the color over here you'll Notice that this color over here Changes as ov-WRXHojvA-00179-00084572-00084955 Well so it's Read This one Turns to red [Setter]? ov-WRXHojvA-00180-00085017-00085433 [Arm] so for this one I think [I] want the color to be this light blue? ov-WRXHojvA-00181-00085473-00086153 [so] the Gradient is now this like blue There's Five tools linear Radial Angle Reflected and Diamond ov-WRXHojvA-00182-00086166-00086366 We're Going to be using the linear one the most ov-WRXHojvA-00183-00086436-00086959 But I actually might use the Angular Gradient for the ball later Which might Come in Handy ov-WRXHojvA-00184-00087035-00087698 The First one is the linear One and you'll Notice if We click and drag you'll Notice a gradient Appears With This light blue ov-WRXHojvA-00185-00087735-00088481 Slowly Fading to Just Completely Clear okay Can see Through to Whatever is below to Zoom out you'll Notice [it] goes all the way Down ov-WRXHojvA-00186-00088527-00088993 And this isn't what We want, We want to Completely Be inside the Icon like the last Time ov-WRXHojvA-00187-00089148-00089663 There isn't a sample Layer or layers Button like There, was in The Field bucket tool ov-WRXHojvA-00188-00089663-00090209 You'll Notice The [bucket] [you] have the all layers Which is Really Helpful for Filling color and the Gradient Tool There is none of that ov-WRXHojvA-00189-00090255-00090557 Of what We use [if] We use the magic wand tool for this? ov-WRXHojvA-00190-00090579-00091192 [I'm] the magic Wand tool comes right here it might Appear as this Brush with the Outline if you hold Down you'll find the Magic ov-WRXHojvA-00191-00091193-00091745 Wand tool it Essentially Select an Area Just [liked] that Markie Rectangular tool Does? ov-WRXHojvA-00192-00091796-00092405 Essentially [Selected] Within A color so again you have this pollen Sample all layers Buttons Up here like ov-WRXHojvA-00193-00092405-00092890 We did in The fill tool and This is Essentially Forced being able to pick how much of a hair you want ov-WRXHojvA-00194-00092922-00093272 We want The selected Sample all Layers OdD and then? ov-WRXHojvA-00195-00093272-00093898 We want this Maybe 30 again and you'll Notice When We click you'll Notice that it selects The Pink Area only? ov-WRXHojvA-00196-00093915-00094043 If We Control [D]? ov-WRXHojvA-00197-00094043-00094328 We select The Black you'll Notice That selects all of the Black? ov-WRXHojvA-00198-00094353-00094882 Same With This color Since color it will select the color that you have Selected if it's at 30 ov-WRXHojvA-00199-00094974-00095039 so what ov-WRXHojvA-00200-00095039-00095609 We want is We want These Two areas in The Gradient so i'm Going to select this and I'm going to click the Gradient tool ov-WRXHojvA-00201-00095646-00096086 And i'm going to set [Grading] like this until i like how it looks ov-WRXHojvA-00202-00096255-00096793 [That] Looks Pretty Good Sort of Nicely Shifts Between Two colors Going to select over Here ov-WRXHojvA-00203-00096819-00097355 We're Going to click the Gradient tool again and we're Going to try to do this one more Time ov-WRXHojvA-00204-00097560-00098048 If I can get it to look the same Money son not Exactly the Same but Looks Pretty Identical ov-WRXHojvA-00205-00098106-00098519 And that alone Is pretty much a [finnish] icon let's Just add the ov-WRXHojvA-00206-00098607-00099296 Let's Just Add the outer Sort of Outline right Here and There you have it a shaded Icon with a pretty Cool-Looking ov-WRXHojvA-00207-00099297-00099497 Shade Job and some Gradients ov-WRXHojvA-00208-00099498-00099934 Nice Color and that that is Definitely Submitted to the Icon Conscious so ov-WRXHojvA-00209-00099960-00100306 There is Another example Let's Go Into Just A few More ov-WRXHojvA-00210-00100404-00100990 Advanced Techniques [How] The first One will do this ball and we're Going to use a Different Style of Creating for the ball of Course ov-WRXHojvA-00211-00101067-00101267 We're Going to click the ball new Layer ov-WRXHojvA-00212-00101298-00101788 And let's Just fill in Some Color [I] think what [I] want to do Is I think I [wanted] to? ov-WRXHojvA-00213-00101844-00102073 Change Between Pink and Blue ov-WRXHojvA-00214-00102099-00102808 Or let's Take let's Say Red and let's do Red and Yellow for this One it's going to Shift between ov-WRXHojvA-00215-00102843-00103348 Reading Yellow as it goes Around the ball so for this I think what I'm going to, do ov-WRXHojvA-00216-00103349-00103577 Is i'm going to take the Paint bucket tool ov-WRXHojvA-00217-00103577-00104207 [I'm] just going to fill the entire Outside With Red Just in Time for valentine's. Day, we've got some red Hearts ov-WRXHojvA-00218-00104283-00104767 [then] You know what since [Valentine's]. [day], Let's Make the secondary color Let's Make it a pink ov-WRXHojvA-00219-00104823-00105520 On it might not Demonstrate my point as, well so [i] might Actually have to change it Back but Let Us just try this out ov-WRXHojvA-00220-00105573-00105878 Especially [When] Angular Does is you'll Notice it Makes A ov-WRXHojvA-00221-00105966-00106433 Essentially Rotates That Starting at one Point and goes all the Way Around Slowly Fading Back ov-WRXHojvA-00222-00106458-00106873 [so] this is Really Helpful because if We can get this to go in the right order ov-WRXHojvA-00223-00106916-00107464 You Can See that Slowly as it goes Around the ball it slowly will turn back to Read so this is Exactly what ov-WRXHojvA-00224-00107465-00107690 We want we're Going to Take all This? ov-WRXHojvA-00225-00107754-00108083 [We're] Going to have that layer selected and we're Going to use that magic Wand tool ov-WRXHojvA-00226-00108090-00108622 To select all of it if you hold Shift you Can multi-Select which Is what, we're Going to be doing right now? ov-WRXHojvA-00227-00108623-00109219 We're Going to click here Click Shift you'll See the [plus] Appear next to the magic Wand [quick] Shift and you can See ov-WRXHojvA-00228-00109220-00109814 We Can select Multiple [at] the Time now that, We have all this color Selected? We will Take a highlight right Here? ov-WRXHojvA-00229-00109878-00110161 And we'll Just [Thought] like so? ov-WRXHojvA-00230-00110234-00110588 And you'll Notice that it pretty Nicely Rotates back to [Read] ov-WRXHojvA-00231-00110672-00111038 We're Just going to Take it [erases] Just to erase This Part right here Just Because ov-WRXHojvA-00232-00111090-00111601 [It's] not needed but Jack Is pretty good let's add some color Into the Middle ov-WRXHojvA-00233-00111774-00111954 Take This Color ov-WRXHojvA-00234-00111954-00112585 And Just Place it right There in The Middle and then let's Add a little bit of Shading Just [the] sun ov-WRXHojvA-00235-00112661-00112861 Take Some Black ov-WRXHojvA-00236-00112926-00113126 And some Shooting perfect ov-WRXHojvA-00237-00113383-00113891 [ok], so that's a pretty simple Icon Once Again but again like it's ov-WRXHojvA-00238-00113960-00114251 Hopefully to Help You Guys Understand the techniques That i'm using ov-WRXHojvA-00239-00114294-00114857 And then you guys Can use these techniques to Make much better icons and These These are Really, Just to ov-WRXHojvA-00240-00114894-00115612 Give You Guys The techniques and The skill set to Make These I've Really [I've] Seen A lot of Entries Already we've got to ov-WRXHojvA-00241-00115650-00116192 4,000 plus Entries and They're all Amazing you guys Make Sure to Keep Submitting your icon to the ov-WRXHojvA-00242-00116250-00116519 Contest that Mean viper Host and Continue To do that ov-WRXHojvA-00243-00116577-00116903 Arm Now You Guys so that is the ball ov-WRXHojvA-00244-00116955-00117169 Arm [I'm] just going to run Through wave ov-WRXHojvA-00245-00117170-00117709 Inspire Really Quickly I might not get to the Spider in This Episode Just Because [I] haven't even [Talked] you really ov-WRXHojvA-00246-00117709-00118315 How to create a Spider yet but I'll just Make some basic Shading for it as I wrap up the Video [wave] ov-WRXHojvA-00247-00118315-00118642 Let's Just get, Really Simple as Filling all this [Can] Make a green ov-WRXHojvA-00248-00118725-00119056 And you can get Really Quick doing this will just Make A ov-WRXHojvA-00249-00119129-00119668 Couple Lines Like This and then Make that up pick and There, We have some nice Shading? ov-WRXHojvA-00250-00119816-00120016 Arm ov-WRXHojvA-00251-00120041-00120640 There's A decent Shading I suppose and then let's Just put A dot right here in The Center Kind of Cool-Looking ov-WRXHojvA-00252-00120680-00120880 [I] and then Just ov-WRXHojvA-00253-00120959-00121133 Don't know let's Just ov-WRXHojvA-00254-00121133-00121603 Take Right-Click wave Blending Options Stroke Take This Green Color ov-WRXHojvA-00255-00121701-00122236 And then There's A wave um but yeah you Guys I hope you guys Sort of Had learned all the ov-WRXHojvA-00256-00122279-00122755 Basic Techniques on How to do all this Stuff I really hope you guys Have Found all These Videos Helpful ov-WRXHojvA-00257-00122804-00123307 [Uh] of Course Make sure to leave a like on Any of These if you have Enjoyed These Videos ov-WRXHojvA-00258-00123359-00123521 Are This has Been ov-WRXHojvA-00259-00123521-00124081 Dead sir [uh] I will Definitely see you Guys in Some more Tutorials in the Future ov-WRXHojvA-00260-00124122-00124486 Don't forget to leave some Comments Below on what Types of? ov-WRXHojvA-00261-00124569-00125011 Tutorials You Guys want to See in The Future I'm Really [I] really, want to Make this something that you Guys ov-WRXHojvA-00262-00125105-00125719 Essentially You guys drive so if There's something that you guys want to know About like how to Make a Certain type of Spider ov-WRXHojvA-00263-00125757-00125992 How to do Something [I'm] Happy to Help out ov-WRXHojvA-00264-00126017-00126691 Because This is something Really good at because what tutorials on Texture packs so how to Make Buttons for your texture packs Let me Know ov-WRXHojvA-00265-00126691-00127066 I will be Open to any critiques Any Ideas for Future ov-WRXHojvA-00266-00127149-00127327 Tutorials Anything that You Guys ov-WRXHojvA-00267-00127327-00128050 Want me to do [I] will Definitely Consider doing on but yeah you guys that will be it for this tutorial ov-WRXHojvA-00268-00128145-00128752 As [i'm] Wrapping up the Spider [I] hope you guys Enjoyed this Video Bob Thank you Guys for Watching ov-WRXHojvA-00269-00128850-00129409 And yeah I guess I'll see you guys in A future tutorial in A future Video [I've] got a lot ov-WRXHojvA-00270-00129409-00130120 of Stuff Going on A lot, of stuff Plans for the Upcoming Future so I really hope you Guys Have Enjoyed Found this Helpful ov-WRXHojvA-00271-00130194-00130411 [Um] and yeah [I] guess I'll see, you soon CAPTIONS BY SP!KE IS BACK :) owaDrUmt0Lu-00000-00001440-00001743 Creating Lines. The first thing that we'll do owaDrUmt0Lu-00001-00001743-00002127 is select the snap mode, snap to center. Next, owaDrUmt0Lu-00002-00002127-00002461 from the geometry toolbar, you're going to select owaDrUmt0Lu-00003-00002461-00002811 create a line from two points. And what we're going to do owaDrUmt0Lu-00004-00002811-00003171 is we're going to create a line from the center of the upper right circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00005-00003171-00003633 to the center the upper left circle. And you'll note that when you get the cursor close to the center, owaDrUmt0Lu-00007-00003686-00003987 it automatically snaps, and you complete the line. owaDrUmt0Lu-00008-00003987-00004291 Next, let's go ahead and owaDrUmt0Lu-00009-00004291-00004637 select the drop down menu for the lines owaDrUmt0Lu-00010-00004637-00005009 and select connected type line. owaDrUmt0Lu-00011-00005009-00005487 And what we're going to do now is we're going to finish or create a line owaDrUmt0Lu-00012-00005487-00005996 from the center at the upper left circle to the center the lower left owaDrUmt0Lu-00013-00005996-00006310 to the center the lower right and then owaDrUmt0Lu-00014-00006310-00006697 complete it by clicking on the owaDrUmt0Lu-00015-00006697-00007070 center of the circle in the upper right. So, let's go ahead and start. owaDrUmt0Lu-00016-00007070-00007552 There's the center the circle in the upper left, to the lower left owaDrUmt0Lu-00017-00007552-00008218 to the lower right, and we finish it at the upper right. owaDrUmt0Lu-00018-00008218-00008528 And we can hit escape to complete the line. owaDrUmt0Lu-00019-00008528-00008990 And you'll note that the snap modes help us to make sure that our lines end up owaDrUmt0Lu-00020-00008990-00009500 exactly where they need to be. Next, owaDrUmt0Lu-00021-00009500-00009831 let's go ahead go back up to the geometry constructor toolbar owaDrUmt0Lu-00022-00009831-00010167 and select, the dropdown. And this time let's create a horizontal line owaDrUmt0Lu-00023-00010167-00010632 and we're going to make our horizontal line pass through the center of the large circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00024-00010632-00011035 in the center the part. And note that because I still have active owaDrUmt0Lu-00025-00011035-00011389 the snap to center, as soon as I get close to that center owaDrUmt0Lu-00026-00011389-00011718 of the large circle, it snaps and I click owaDrUmt0Lu-00027-00011718-00012021 to complete it. Note, I've got an infinite line that runs owaDrUmt0Lu-00028-00012021-00012411 horizontally across the screen. Likewise, let's go ahead and owaDrUmt0Lu-00029-00012411-00012757 select the geometry constructor toolbar again, owaDrUmt0Lu-00030-00012757-00013107 and this time we're going to select the vertical type line owaDrUmt0Lu-00031-00013107-00013556 constructor. Again, we'll get close to the center owaDrUmt0Lu-00032-00013556-00013943 and we'll click to complete the line. Hit escape to end it, owaDrUmt0Lu-00033-00013943-00014435 and you're finished with creating horizontal and vertical lines. owaDrUmt0Lu-00034-00014435-00015019 Now we're going to create a line at an angle through a point. So what we want to owaDrUmt0Lu-00035-00015019-00015147 do is go ahead and select owaDrUmt0Lu-00036-00015147-00015550 point angle, as the type of line from the geometry constructor toolbar owaDrUmt0Lu-00037-00015550-00015869 line drop down menu, and owaDrUmt0Lu-00038-00015869-00016173 we're going to make this line pass directly through owaDrUmt0Lu-00039-00016173-00016478 the center the circle in owaDrUmt0Lu-00040-00016478-00016823 the large circle in the center in the part. Now note in the lower left down here owaDrUmt0Lu-00041-00016823-00017020 you can specify the angle owaDrUmt0Lu-00042-00017020-00017453 for that particular line. In this case here by default it set for 45 but we're owaDrUmt0Lu-00043-00017453-00017515 going to go ahead owaDrUmt0Lu-00044-00017515-00017901 and set it for 50 degrees. So, owaDrUmt0Lu-00045-00017901-00018241 when we do that, the line automatically changes owaDrUmt0Lu-00046-00018241-00018710 to the angle that we specify. And, you can see owaDrUmt0Lu-00047-00018710-00019153 that it no longer passes through the square corners, or owaDrUmt0Lu-00048-00019153-00019466 through the corners at the part cleanly. So, I'm going to go ahead and undo that owaDrUmt0Lu-00049-00019466-00019972 and let's reset our line in box a owaDrUmt0Lu-00050-00019972-00020275 or the angle in in box a, down in the owaDrUmt0Lu-00051-00020275-00020935 lower left of the screen, and we'll reset that to 45. simply get near the center owaDrUmt0Lu-00052-00020935-00021240 of the box, or center of the circle in the owaDrUmt0Lu-00053-00021240-00021687 center of the part, and you'll see that now our line is exactly 45 degrees owaDrUmt0Lu-00054-00021687-00022148 passing through the center the part. Now, just like we've created a line owaDrUmt0Lu-00055-00022148-00022563 at 45 degrees through the center of the part, we want to create a line going from the upper left corner owaDrUmt0Lu-00057-00022613-00022994 through the lower right corner as well. So, owaDrUmt0Lu-00058-00022994-00023309 what we're going to do is select line at an angle through point, once again, owaDrUmt0Lu-00060-00023391-00023715 and this time, we're going to specify in box a owaDrUmt0Lu-00061-00023715-00024098 in the lower left, that our new angle is going to be a 135 degrees, owaDrUmt0Lu-00062-00024098-00024620 which is the exact opposite of 45. owaDrUmt0Lu-00063-00024620-00024935 And now we have a line running owaDrUmt0Lu-00064-00024935-00025279 through the upper left through the lower right owaDrUmt0Lu-00065-00025279-00025754 of the part. And finally, owaDrUmt0Lu-00066-00025754-00026062 the last type line that we want to create is owaDrUmt0Lu-00067-00026062-00026439 an offset line. And again from the geometry constructor toolbar owaDrUmt0Lu-00068-00026439-00026741 we'll select the drop-down, and this time we'll select owaDrUmt0Lu-00069-00026741-00027216 offset. And now what we're going to do is in the lower left it's going to ask owaDrUmt0Lu-00070-00027216-00027414 us to specify what the offset is owaDrUmt0Lu-00071-00027414-00028050 and by default it's set at .5. And let's go ahead and set that at .75 owaDrUmt0Lu-00072-00028050-00028386 and now, I would like for you to select on owaDrUmt0Lu-00073-00028386-00028841 the last line that we've created. And simply click on it to select it owaDrUmt0Lu-00074-00028841-00029200 now its asking you to pick the side that you would like that line to offset. I'm going to move the owaDrUmt0Lu-00075-00029200-00029295 cursor to the right owaDrUmt0Lu-00076-00029295-00029801 and note that when I do that, I get an offset line that's created owaDrUmt0Lu-00077-00029801-00030277 like so. Now, let's do it again, but select to the left hand side owaDrUmt0Lu-00078-00030277-00030679 of the line, passing through the center owaDrUmt0Lu-00079-00030679-00031130 so I select it, and then I move it to the left owaDrUmt0Lu-00080-00031130-00031438 and I have a line that moves owaDrUmt0Lu-00081-00031438-00031741 three-quarters of an inch, or falls three-quarters of an inch owaDrUmt0Lu-00082-00031741-00032336 to the left of our diagonal line that we drew. owaDrUmt0Lu-00083-00032336-00032630 And now we're going to create some circles. So the first thing that you need owaDrUmt0Lu-00084-00032630-00032729 to do owaDrUmt0Lu-00085-00032729-00033039 is, you need to enable the snap to point owaDrUmt0Lu-00086-00033039-00033379 snap to endpoint, and snap to owaDrUmt0Lu-00087-00033379-00033687 center point and intersection snap modes. owaDrUmt0Lu-00088-00033687-00034065 So let's go ahead and enable snap to point owaDrUmt0Lu-00089-00034065-00034631 snap to endpoint snap to center point owaDrUmt0Lu-00090-00034631-00035035 which we already have selected, and then snap to intersection owaDrUmt0Lu-00091-00035035-00035358 and we're going to create a circle this time, and this time let's owaDrUmt0Lu-00092-00035358-00035659 click on the geometry constructor, circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00093-00035659-00036021 and hit the drop down menu, and we're going to create a circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00094-00036021-00036332 from three points to begin. And you'll note, owaDrUmt0Lu-00095-00036332-00036620 that I have three points already established in the upper left hand owaDrUmt0Lu-00096-00036620-00036661 corner owaDrUmt0Lu-00097-00036661-00037004 of my part, and this is a similar drawing as you'll find in your owaDrUmt0Lu-00098-00037004-00037388 in your book, not quite the same, but very close owaDrUmt0Lu-00099-00037388-00037820 nonetheless, it's asking you to to select the first point. So we're going to select owaDrUmt0Lu-00100-00037820-00038296 the first point on the right, and then we're going to select the second point owaDrUmt0Lu-00101-00038296-00038615 and we're going to select the third point. And you'll see that the circle starts to appear owaDrUmt0Lu-00102-00038615-00038921 and then it's complete when I click on the third point owaDrUmt0Lu-00103-00038921-00039309 very convenient for creating a circle that runs through owaDrUmt0Lu-00104-00039309-00039634 three-points. Now we're going to create a circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00105-00039634-00040132 from Center radius. So we'll go back to the geometry constructor toolbar owaDrUmt0Lu-00106-00040132-00040570 hit the drop-down, and this time select center radius owaDrUmt0Lu-00107-00040570-00040918 and in the lower left hand corner the screen is asking us for the owaDrUmt0Lu-00108-00040918-00041388 radius of the part, radius of the circle that we'd like to create, and for this example owaDrUmt0Lu-00109-00041388-00041802 let's go ahead and let's create a quarter inch hole or quarter inch circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00110-00041802-00042127 quarter inch diameter, therefore half a quarter owaDrUmt0Lu-00111-00042127-00042638 of an inch is going to be an eighth of an inch, or .125, is we're going to specify for the owaDrUmt0Lu-00112-00042638-00042738 radius owaDrUmt0Lu-00113-00042738-00043108 and let's go ahead and select or create that circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00114-00043108-00043510 in the lower left hand corner of the part where these two lines meet owaDrUmt0Lu-00115-00043510-00043937 and note that when I get close to that corner owaDrUmt0Lu-00116-00043937-00044322 the cursor highlights, I click to complete the circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00117-00044322-00044696 and that is creating a circle from center radius. Now we're going to create owaDrUmt0Lu-00118-00044696-00044791 a circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00119-00044791-00045132 tangent to, two owaDrUmt0Lu-00120-00045132-00045556 adjacent lines. So again, to the geometry constructor toolbar owaDrUmt0Lu-00121-00045556-00046060 select the circle drop down, and we'll select tangent-to owaDrUmt0Lu-00122-00046060-00046380 and let's go ahead and create a circle tangent to this owaDrUmt0Lu-00123-00046380-00046704 short vertical line and the owaDrUmt0Lu-00124-00046704-00047031 its the line that's connected to it owaDrUmt0Lu-00125-00047031-00047391 that runs horizontally. So I'm going to first select owaDrUmt0Lu-00126-00047391-00048091 on the line at the bottom here owaDrUmt0Lu-00127-00048250-00048886 and then I select on the horizontal line at the top owaDrUmt0Lu-00128-00048886-00049343 and note that my radius is still set to .125 by default owaDrUmt0Lu-00129-00049343-00049800 and now that line falls perfectly, or the circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00130-00049800-00050284 falls perfectly tangent, or the lines fall perfectly tangent to the circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00131-00050284-00050500 we just created owaDrUmt0Lu-00132-00050500-00050910 so now I'm going to create a circle using the diameter geometry constructor owaDrUmt0Lu-00133-00050910-00051274 so back to the geometry constructor toolbar, select the drop down in the owaDrUmt0Lu-00134-00051274-00051412 circle menu owaDrUmt0Lu-00135-00051412-00051750 click on diameter. And what I want you to do next owaDrUmt0Lu-00136-00051750-00052178 for the purposes of this exercise is select the snap to midpoint owaDrUmt0Lu-00137-00052178-00052552 snap to function. And now what I want to do, is I want to create a circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00138-00052552-00052904 that falls perfectly on the inside of this box owaDrUmt0Lu-00139-00052904-00053442 now to do that I'm going to select the midpoint of owaDrUmt0Lu-00140-00053442-00053833 the left-hand, or left hand vertical line of the small box in the middle of the owaDrUmt0Lu-00141-00053833-00053973 part owaDrUmt0Lu-00142-00053973-00054479 and I'm going to scroll over, or drag over, and select the midpoint of the right hand owaDrUmt0Lu-00143-00054479-00054504 vertical owaDrUmt0Lu-00144-00054504-00054890 line and complete it. And you'll see that I've created a line owaDrUmt0Lu-00145-00054890-00055279 that falls perfectly within the center of the box, using the diameter owaDrUmt0Lu-00146-00055279-00055689 geometry constructor. Next, we're going to create a fillet owaDrUmt0Lu-00147-00055689-00056236 and a chamfer. So, from the geometry constructor toolbar you'll see the fillet owaDrUmt0Lu-00148-00056236-00056687 menu, and we're going to select the drop-down and just click on corner fillet owaDrUmt0Lu-00149-00056687-00057276 and now in the lower left there's a dialog box that asks us to specify owaDrUmt0Lu-00150-00057276-00057667 the radius of our fillet. And by default it's set for a quarter of an inch or .250 owaDrUmt0Lu-00151-00057667-00057862 let's change that owaDrUmt0Lu-00152-00057862-00058241 to .5. And again radius is half the diameter of a circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00153-00058241-00058662 in this case here the curvature the fillet, if you were to complete it owaDrUmt0Lu-00154-00058662-00058977 it would be a one-inch owaDrUmt0Lu-00155-00058977-00059336 diameter circle. Now, owaDrUmt0Lu-00156-00059336-00059735 now that we selected a half an inch radius for our fillet, what we want to do owaDrUmt0Lu-00157-00059735-00060080 is select the corner where we'd like our fillet to be owaDrUmt0Lu-00158-00060080-00060530 and you'll see that when we do that owaDrUmt0Lu-00159-00060530-00061000 a nice fillet automatically appears to show us what the fillet would look like when we owaDrUmt0Lu-00160-00061000-00061116 complete it. owaDrUmt0Lu-00161-00061116-00061457 And now, and it also shows you the center of the owaDrUmt0Lu-00162-00061457-00061964 fillet with the small cross that you see. So now what we're going to do is just click owaDrUmt0Lu-00163-00061964-00062354 to complete the fillet. And note that it automatically clips or trims away owaDrUmt0Lu-00164-00062354-00062791 what used to be the corner the part. So now we have a nice owaDrUmt0Lu-00165-00062791-00063219 fillet, or rounded corner, on our part owaDrUmt0Lu-00166-00063219-00063654 what we want to do now is create a chamfer. So, let's go ahead and go back up to owaDrUmt0Lu-00167-00063654-00063698 the owaDrUmt0Lu-00168-00063698-00064010 geometry toolbar and select the drop down in this time we'll pick owaDrUmt0Lu-00169-00064010-00064416 chamfer. And a chamfer is also considered a beveled edge owaDrUmt0Lu-00170-00064416-00064829 and we're going to chamfer this corner of our part right here, so let's go ahead and specify owaDrUmt0Lu-00171-00064829-00064952 a chamfer owaDrUmt0Lu-00172-00064952-00065370 right now it's telling us that the width of our chamfer is going to be a half an owaDrUmt0Lu-00173-00065373-00065432 inch owaDrUmt0Lu-00174-00065432-00065780 and the height is also going to be a half of an inch owaDrUmt0Lu-00175-00065783-00066080 so let's leave that default measurement owaDrUmt0Lu-00176-00066080-00066602 or dimensions in the width and height box in the lower left of the part here owaDrUmt0Lu-00177-00066602-00067070 and we'll just go ahead and get close to the area on the corner where we want our owaDrUmt0Lu-00178-00067070-00067225 chamfer to be and we'll just owaDrUmt0Lu-00179-00067225-00067632 just click. And you'll note, that when you do that owaDrUmt0Lu-00180-00067632-00068050 you have a nice small chamfer here on the corner part. Let's say you want to make owaDrUmt0Lu-00181-00068052-00068190 that a little bit bigger owaDrUmt0Lu-00182-00068190-00068669 let's go and change that to a owaDrUmt0Lu-00183-00068669-00069174 .1 width and .1 height. So we're going to change these dimensions owaDrUmt0Lu-00184-00069174-00069491 to .1.... owaDrUmt0Lu-00185-00069491-00069806 for the width and .1, for the height owaDrUmt0Lu-00186-00069806-00070270 and we'll hit the lower corner of the square in the center of the part and you'll see owaDrUmt0Lu-00187-00070270-00070606 that now I have a much bigger chamfer owaDrUmt0Lu-00188-00070606-00070939 Okay...let's talk dimensions. Now we have a owaDrUmt0Lu-00189-00070939-00071250 part geometry that's drawn out on the owaDrUmt0Lu-00190-00071250-00071651 part area and we want to position or place some owaDrUmt0Lu-00191-00071651-00072090 dimensions in the drawing area, so on the geometry toolbar you'll note that you owaDrUmt0Lu-00192-00072090-00072177 have the owaDrUmt0Lu-00193-00072177-00072498 geometry for or geometry owaDrUmt0Lu-00194-00072498-00072810 constructor for dimensions, and there are various types of dimensions owaDrUmt0Lu-00195-00072810-00073151 to choose from; horizontal, vertical, linear, radius, and so forth owaDrUmt0Lu-00196-00073151-00073650 but what we want to do first is go ahead and select horizontal distance owaDrUmt0Lu-00197-00073650-00074076 and what I want to do is, I want to draw or or insert a dimension line owaDrUmt0Lu-00198-00074076-00074425 to measure the horizontal distance for the width of owaDrUmt0Lu-00199-00074425-00074812 this block feature that's on the inside of the part. And it could be a boss or owaDrUmt0Lu-00200-00074812-00075008 it could be a pocket, we don't know that yet owaDrUmt0Lu-00201-00075008-00075310 but I just want to know how wide this part is owaDrUmt0Lu-00202-00075310-00075680 or this feature is, so what I'm going to do is I'm going to first click owaDrUmt0Lu-00203-00075680-00076110 on the corner in the upper left, and then I'm going to click again on the corner in the owaDrUmt0Lu-00204-00076110-00076419 upper right. And now owaDrUmt0Lu-00205-00076419-00076741 I simply move my cursor to where owaDrUmt0Lu-00206-00076741-00077050 I can roll the cursor around, to where I'm comfortable owaDrUmt0Lu-00207-00077050-00077357 putting this particular dimension. And, generally you want to make sure your owaDrUmt0Lu-00208-00077357-00077650 dimensions are outside the part area owaDrUmt0Lu-00209-00077650-00078008 and leave yourself enough room to be able to insert owaDrUmt0Lu-00210-00078008-00078354 another dimension if you need to. And owaDrUmt0Lu-00211-00078354-00078799 click to complete the dimension and now you'll see that I've successfully laid out the owaDrUmt0Lu-00212-00078799-00079142 dimension or the horizontal distance or width owaDrUmt0Lu-00213-00079142-00079548 of this feature in the middle of the part. So owaDrUmt0Lu-00214-00079548-00079950 and the same way that you do the horizontal you'd also do the vertical owaDrUmt0Lu-00215-00079950-00080339 and so I'm going to click in the upper owaDrUmt0Lu-00216-00080339-00080769 right and then click in the lower right and here's my owaDrUmt0Lu-00217-00080769-00081131 vertical size, or vertical dimension for that feature owaDrUmt0Lu-00218-00081131-00081680 at 1.5. And we've also got a circle here, we've got a owaDrUmt0Lu-00219-00081680-00081989 radius here, let's go ahead and owaDrUmt0Lu-00220-00081989-00082354 figure out what the dimension is for this circle owaDrUmt0Lu-00221-00082354-00082670 so go back up to the geometry constructor toolbar and owaDrUmt0Lu-00222-00082670-00083108 let's go ahead, and typically you can lay that out as a diameter owaDrUmt0Lu-00223-00083108-00083472 so let's select diameter, and it's asking us for the diameter owaDrUmt0Lu-00224-00083472-00083930 or to pick the the circle or the feature that we're looking for the arc owaDrUmt0Lu-00225-00083930-00084388 and I'm going to select the circle at a place where I feel owaDrUmt0Lu-00226-00084388-00084739 my dimension would be best positioned owaDrUmt0Lu-00227-00084739-00085120 and I just click once and I drag of to the left hand side of the part, and you have a owaDrUmt0Lu-00228-00085120-00085304 nice leader line owaDrUmt0Lu-00229-00085304-00085760 with a D for diameter, 1.00 for one inch owaDrUmt0Lu-00230-00085760-00086200 now we've got a radius here definitely on this internal feature we want to know owaDrUmt0Lu-00231-00086200-00086347 what that is so owaDrUmt0Lu-00232-00086347-00086687 let's select from the drop down, we'll select radius owaDrUmt0Lu-00233-00086687-00087020 and I'll go ahead and select anywhere owaDrUmt0Lu-00234-00087020-00087476 on radius and you'll see that owaDrUmt0Lu-00235-00087476-00087932 now my radius is .5 owaDrUmt0Lu-00236-00087932-00088242 for the internal feature owaDrUmt0Lu-00237-00088242-00088550 that you see here in the middle of the part. Now this next one's a little bit owaDrUmt0Lu-00238-00088550-00088745 tricky. If I wanted to know owaDrUmt0Lu-00239-00088745-00089193 what the angle was from the center of the circle in the lower left owaDrUmt0Lu-00240-00089193-00089586 to the center of the radius, I might have to do a couple of things, but the first owaDrUmt0Lu-00241-00089586-00089930 thing I want to do to be able to determine what that angle is owaDrUmt0Lu-00242-00089931-00090310 is figure out which plane I'm going to measure the angle from and owaDrUmt0Lu-00243-00090310-00090617 for the purposes of this demonstration let's say we're going to measure the owaDrUmt0Lu-00244-00090617-00090720 angle owaDrUmt0Lu-00245-00090720-00091073 from the lower surface of this owaDrUmt0Lu-00246-00091073-00091464 block feature in the center of our part here, from this lower horizontal owaDrUmt0Lu-00247-00091464-00091668 line right here that you see owaDrUmt0Lu-00248-00091668-00092075 so what I want to do first is, I want to draw a line owaDrUmt0Lu-00249-00092075-00092426 from the center of the circle in the lower left to the center of the radius and owaDrUmt0Lu-00250-00092426-00092810 that's pretty simple to do. I'm going to go ahead select line from two points owaDrUmt0Lu-00251-00092810-00093213 and I'm going to click on the center of the circle in the lower left and click on owaDrUmt0Lu-00252-00093213-00093470 the center of the radius owaDrUmt0Lu-00253-00093470-00093866 okay so now I have a line from center to center owaDrUmt0Lu-00254-00093866-00094227 and now I'm going to select the drop down menu for owaDrUmt0Lu-00255-00094227-00094730 angle. And it's asking me to pick the first line. So what I'm going to do is pick owaDrUmt0Lu-00256-00094730-00095089 any one of these lines but I'll pick the line that we just drew owaDrUmt0Lu-00257-00095089-00095410 from center to center, and now it's asking me owaDrUmt0Lu-00258-00095418-00095770 to take the second line and again we're going to focus on this horizontal line owaDrUmt0Lu-00259-00095770-00096120 at the bottom of our part feature owaDrUmt0Lu-00260-00096120-00096439 and look what happens as I draw owaDrUmt0Lu-00261-00096439-00096756 my angle out here, but you can see that the owaDrUmt0Lu-00262-00096756-00097064 angle in this case here, the obtuse angle, owaDrUmt0Lu-00263-00097064-00097391 is 120 degrees owaDrUmt0Lu-00264-00097391-00097914 or 120.9 degrees owaDrUmt0Lu-00265-00097914-00098320 I click to complete the angle dimension owaDrUmt0Lu-00266-00098320-00098689 so this just a brief demonstration of some of the functions owaDrUmt0Lu-00267-00098689-00099131 or the capabilities that the dimension menu owaDrUmt0Lu-00268-00099131-00099455 or dimension geometry constructor gives you owaDrUmt0Lu-00269-00099455-00099758 in FeatureCAM, so you can use it to create dimensions or just to check dimensions owaDrUmt0Lu-00270-00099758-00099963 of features that you've put into your part o_8fqfmuHIy-00000-00000003-00000758 in your work you you quote Nietzsche quite a bit his a line "he who has a why o_8fqfmuHIy-00001-00000758-00001418 to live for can bear almost any how". What do you think he meant by that? o_8fqfmuHIy-00002-00001418-00001599 What I think that..? o_8fqfmuHIy-00003-00001599-00002267 What you think he meant by that? The same as I'm intended to convey to my readers and o_8fqfmuHIy-00004-00002267-00003002 students: that the vision of a meaning ahead of someone, a meaning in wait for o_8fqfmuHIy-00005-00003002-00003771 someone to be fulfilled by someone, that this contributes most than anything else o_8fqfmuHIy-00006-00003771-00004686 under equal other circumstances for survival. Meaning is the most important o_8fqfmuHIy-00007-00004686-00005480 thing in our lives? Certainly because a what I call a "will to meaning" - the wish o_8fqfmuHIy-00008-00005480-00006177 to find and to fulfill meaning is the basic motivation in human beings. o_8fqfmuHIy-00009-00006177-00006825 This certainly runs counter to much of the determinist notions that are being o_8fqfmuHIy-00010-00006825-00007320 bandied around these days that man is a machine man is a computer man o_8fqfmuHIy-00011-00007320-00007993 is a product of instincts. Man is something like a rat in experiments o_8fqfmuHIy-00012-00007993-00008690 psychological experiments. Of course you are right but not only against the o_8fqfmuHIy-00013-00008690-00009396 so called deterministic concepts of man but also regarding the motivational theories o_8fqfmuHIy-00014-00009396-00010028 of certain psychotherapeutic systems. Let's talk for a minute about o_8fqfmuHIy-00015-00010028-00010457 logotherapy which arose out of this notion of a o_8fqfmuHIy-00016-00010457-00011247 search for meaning. Logotherapy, as one among other types of psychotherapy, is o_8fqfmuHIy-00017-00011247-00012102 we may say a "meaning centered" psychotherapy in as much particularly as logotherapy o_8fqfmuHIy-00018-00012102-00012911 sees a human being not predominantly determined, not to say dominated by the o_8fqfmuHIy-00019-00012911-00013287 will to pleasure as you were mentioning, nor o_8fqfmuHIy-00020-00013287-00013859 by the will to power along the lines of Adlerian teachings, but basically o_8fqfmuHIy-00021-00013859-00014681 fundamentally by a will to meaning. That is to say the desire, the impulse to o_8fqfmuHIy-00022-00014681-00015338 find to discover in life or better to say in each life situation, concrete life o_8fqfmuHIy-00023-00015338-00015923 situation confronting someone, the desire to find a meaning therein and o_8fqfmuHIy-00024-00015923-00016337 to go on to fulfill it. I was very intrigued one of the most surprising o_8fqfmuHIy-00025-00016337-00017118 things I've read recently was that you said that when you talk to European o_8fqfmuHIy-00026-00017118-00017848 students only 40 percent said they had suffered this sort of inner void and yet o_8fqfmuHIy-00027-00017848-00018335 eighty-one percent of American students experience the same thing. o_8fqfmuHIy-00028-00018335-00018690 We think of it just the opposite, we think of the Europeans as being o_8fqfmuHIy-00029-00018690-00019460 buried under this existential dread and sense of purposelessness and Americans o_8fqfmuHIy-00030-00019460-00019941 is being optimistic and upbeat. However it might be, whether the ones or o_8fqfmuHIy-00031-00019941-00020663 the others are suffering more or less respectively from this o_8fqfmuHIy-00032-00020663-00021420 existential vacuum, the ones who seem to suffer less should not look at the o_8fqfmuHIy-00033-00021420-00022347 others with contempt but look at the others with compassion and look for o_8fqfmuHIy-00034-00022347-00023169 anything possible to help the others. Now this void manifests itself as in apathy o_8fqfmuHIy-00035-00023169-00023991 in boredom, lack of initiative, lack of interest - interest in the world o_8fqfmuHIy-00036-00023991-00024725 or initiative in changing something within the world for the better. This o_8fqfmuHIy-00037-00024725-00025733 frustration is a a proof of the existence of a will to meaning. Unless we o_8fqfmuHIy-00038-00025733-00026222 were imbued by a will to meaning by the wish to find meaning and discuss o_8fqfmuHIy-00039-00026222-00026623 discover and fulfill meaning in life we never o_8fqfmuHIy-00040-00026623-00027205 would be able to experience an inner void so this is in a way also something o_8fqfmuHIy-00041-00027205-00027529 positive. Now you've listed three types of values o_8fqfmuHIy-00042-00027529-00027979 creative values, experiential values and attitudinal variants. You may find a o_8fqfmuHIy-00043-00027979-00028477 meaning the "average" man, the man on the street or the woman on the street may o_8fqfmuHIy-00044-00028477-00029356 find a meaning day by day in doing a deed in creating a work and - that's the o_8fqfmuHIy-00045-00029356-00030211 creative - creative and in experiencing something. The beauty. The truth as a o_8fqfmuHIy-00046-00030211-00030913 researcher, or the good in dealing with people as a teacher or whatsoever. There's an o_8fqfmuHIy-00047-00030913-00031354 extraordinary moment in "man's search for meaning" when you talk about being in one o_8fqfmuHIy-00048-00031354-00031954 of the one of the Nazi camps and all of you going out to look at a sunset. Is o_8fqfmuHIy-00049-00031954-00032664 that experiential? Exactly this is a paradigm of experiential values, of finding a meaning o_8fqfmuHIy-00050-00032664-00033124 in experiencing without doing anything without achieving or accomplishing o_8fqfmuHIy-00051-00033124-00033784 anything but just in giving oneself the immediate experience of something say o_8fqfmuHIy-00052-00033784-00034414 beautiful going on in the world. This is the second avenue but there is also o_8fqfmuHIy-00053-00034414-00035437 another aspect of experiential values. Excuse me, not only experiencing o_8fqfmuHIy-00054-00035437-00035982 something but also experiencing someone. More than that, experiencing o_8fqfmuHIy-00055-00035982-00036625 another human being in his or her very uniqueness and it is the o_8fqfmuHIy-00056-00036625-00037450 main attribute of a human being that he is a person in contrast to any animal he o_8fqfmuHIy-00057-00037450-00038082 is a person a person is always something absolutely unique irreparable in the o_8fqfmuHIy-00058-00038082-00038614 evolution of the cosmos as is we are incomparable with any other human being o_8fqfmuHIy-00059-00038614-00039493 and this uniqueness can be got hold of solely by a loving person, Because he not o_8fqfmuHIy-00060-00039493-00040032 only sees the essence but also the potentials in the beloved person o_8fqfmuHIy-00061-00040032-00040632 thereby as I put it before promoting him alleviating it to reach out to attain o_8fqfmuHIy-00062-00040632-00041319 this potential and to fulfill and thereby actualize also himself but not o_8fqfmuHIy-00063-00041319-00041754 by preaching self-actualization. It's nonsense o_8fqfmuHIy-00064-00041754-00042393 self-actualization can only fall into your lap automatically once that you o_8fqfmuHIy-00065-00042393-00043005 have fulfilled a concrete meaning, done the best of a situation. Then you actualize o_8fqfmuHIy-00066-00043005-00043497 yourself as a by-product. Let's talk about the third set of values which is o_8fqfmuHIy-00067-00043497-00044337 the attitudinal, the idea of choosing how to respond to suffering. o_8fqfmuHIy-00068-00044337-00045161 Choosing the attitude - yes. If there is no possibility in a given situation to o_8fqfmuHIy-00069-00045161-00045795 fulfill the meaning of a situation by giving oneself to the experience of o_8fqfmuHIy-00070-00045795-00046281 beauty and so forth. Nor if you have lost the o_8fqfmuHIy-00071-00046281-00046917 capability to do your job to do your work even then there is an ultimate o_8fqfmuHIy-00072-00046917-00047508 possibility to find and fulfill meaning - not only the ultimate it o_8fqfmuHIy-00073-00047508-00048336 is even the potential to fulfill the deepest meaning, to attain the highest values: o_8fqfmuHIy-00074-00048336-00049101 by your approach to the given situation, a tragic o_8fqfmuHIy-00075-00049101-00049775 or trist situation confronting you. You said that in part of the initial shock of o_8fqfmuHIy-00076-00049775-00050424 being put in a death camp was there was was ultimately an acceptance that we o_8fqfmuHIy-00077-00050424-00050931 knew we had nothing to lose except our ridiculously naked lives is o_8fqfmuHIy-00078-00050931-00051511 that the situation that they're in? - In a way - Is this when you o_8fqfmuHIy-00079-00051511-00052155 make the choice of how you go into.. your last value choices how to react to o_8fqfmuHIy-00080-00052155-00052741 the situation? You stand there, you stood there naked with nothing you could have o_8fqfmuHIy-00081-00052741-00053294 had but all the more what counted and the mattered was what o_8fqfmuHIy-00082-00053294-00054413 you were - "being" rather than "having", possessing anything. So what o_8fqfmuHIy-00083-00054413-00055133 counted was what you make out of this situation, what attitude you adopt o_8fqfmuHIy-00084-00055133-00055760 in the given situation and there is a multitude a wealth of possible attitudes o_8fqfmuHIy-00085-00055760-00056414 to how to approach it. So we have to decide. The ultimate I would take it o_8fqfmuHIy-00086-00056414-00057302 attitudinal value challenge that we all share is how we're going to face death. How do o_8fqfmuHIy-00087-00057302-00057653 you prepare people for that? How do you prepare yourself for that? o_8fqfmuHIy-00088-00057653-00058390 I couldn't prepare anyone else unless I would have prepared myself o_8fqfmuHIy-00089-00058390-00059108 because if you are a psychiatrist your patients feel exactly whether or o_8fqfmuHIy-00090-00059108-00059842 not you are really convinced of what you are teaching and telling them. Now I'm o_8fqfmuHIy-00091-00059842-00060634 convinced that in contrast to the usual aspect or be it sound aspect to life and o_8fqfmuHIy-00092-00060634-00061373 more specifically to the past, to life's transitoriness and this o_8fqfmuHIy-00093-00061373-00062038 includes that we approach, each of us are approaching death, in contrast to that I o_8fqfmuHIy-00094-00062038-00062869 maintain that in the past nothing is lost but right on the contrary o_8fqfmuHIy-00095-00062869-00063616 everything is stored forever. It is not annihilated by transitoriness o_8fqfmuHIy-00096-00063616-00064382 but on the contrary it has been, it is becoming preserved forever. Something you o_8fqfmuHIy-00097-00064382-00064979 have done can never be undone. Something you have experienced something you have o_8fqfmuHIy-00098-00064979-00065537 even experienced in a negative sense going through suffering and if for o_8fqfmuHIy-00099-00065537-00065872 instance you suffered, gone through this suffering o_8fqfmuHIy-00100-00065872-00066560 honestly courageously and with dignity who in the world, what what in the world o_8fqfmuHIy-00101-00066560-00066941 can deny it, can annihilate this? What you have done o_8fqfmuHIy-00102-00066941-00067556 has been done forever in both ways in a negative as in a o_8fqfmuHIy-00103-00067556-00068325 positive way, it cannot be undone. And the past is a storehouse of o_8fqfmuHIy-00104-00068325-00068800 what you have done what you have experienced what you have gone through o_8fqfmuHIy-00105-00068800-00069556 and what you have done out of all the negative and tragic aspects as even o_8fqfmuHIy-00106-00069556-00069895 encountered within your life. I want to thank you for being on the show o_8fqfmuHIy-00107-00069895-00070225 and I want to thank you at home for watching. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00000-00000000-00000409 (Quiet...no talking) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00001-00000409-00000810 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00002-00000810-00001211 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00003-00001211-00001623 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00004-00001623-00002023 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00005-00002023-00002425 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00006-00002425-00002825 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00007-00002825-00003229 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00008-00003229-00003642 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00009-00003642-00004044 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00010-00004044-00004449 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00011-00004449-00004862 (Quiet) oAXu7c-t4Cc-00012-00004862-00005263 Hello. Today we're going to talk about Genetics/Genomics and What every oAXu7c-t4Cc-00013-00005263-00005672 Nurse Needs to Know! That you are about to enter oAXu7c-t4Cc-00014-00005672-00006072 into practice, just want to kind of oAXu7c-t4Cc-00015-00006072-00006477 bring you back around thinking about all the things oAXu7c-t4Cc-00016-00006477-00006891 that you learned about genetics and genomics in your program oAXu7c-t4Cc-00017-00006891-00007293 and then as we get ready to graduate, think about well what is it oAXu7c-t4Cc-00018-00007293-00007693 that I am responsible for and how would I use this information? So I have the objectives oAXu7c-t4Cc-00019-00007693-00008111 here to kind of lead you to think about what it is oAXu7c-t4Cc-00020-00008111-00008517 that you need to do and when we're in class and lab we're oAXu7c-t4Cc-00021-00008517-00008931 going to actually be doing an activity that helps you oAXu7c-t4Cc-00022-00008931-00009333 apply some of the knowledge. But, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00023-00009333-00009733 you say to yourself, "well what does every nurse need to know?" and oAXu7c-t4Cc-00024-00009733-00010152 it is really important to care for persons, families and communities oAXu7c-t4Cc-00025-00010152-00010553 or even populations throughout their life span but a registered nurse oAXu7c-t4Cc-00026-00010553-00010968 will need to demonstrate proficiency in incorporating genetic oAXu7c-t4Cc-00027-00010968-00011371 and genomic information into their practice. The nurse oAXu7c-t4Cc-00028-00011371-00011782 who administers or monitors medical treatment would have to know oAXu7c-t4Cc-00029-00011782-00012201 about genetics or genomics because we have oAXu7c-t4Cc-00030-00012201-00012609 medications now that we can use oAXu7c-t4Cc-00031-00012609-00013010 a genetic test to see if it's the best medication oAXu7c-t4Cc-00032-00013010-00013410 for you. A nurse who provides counseling to patients about oAXu7c-t4Cc-00033-00013410-00013822 health conditions has to know which health conditions may have oAXu7c-t4Cc-00034-00013822-00014224 a genetic link. If you're making referrals or managing cases, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00035-00014224-00014632 or designing health promotion or disease prevention interventions in the community oAXu7c-t4Cc-00036-00014632-00015032 you need to know about genetics and genomics because you oAXu7c-t4Cc-00037-00015032-00015438 would want to provide that information to help people make good decisions. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00038-00015438-00015850 And providing knowledge is empowering people oAXu7c-t4Cc-00039-00015850-00016251 to make good decisions for themselves. So, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00040-00016251-00016660 the nurse needs a working knowledge of the genetic framework oAXu7c-t4Cc-00041-00016660-00017078 that underpins what we call, "personalized medicine." oAXu7c-t4Cc-00042-00017078-00017483 So, a couple of things that kind of oAXu7c-t4Cc-00043-00017483-00017897 what I mentioned would be things that you would have to potentially be able to do. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00044-00017897-00018299 So, can you understand the genetic and genomic basics of health oAXu7c-t4Cc-00045-00018299-00018699 or illness for a client seeking care? Do you recognize oAXu7c-t4Cc-00046-00018699-00019118 newborn riks for morbidity or mortality resulting from genetic oAXu7c-t4Cc-00047-00019118-00019524 metabolic errors? Are you are able to identify oAXu7c-t4Cc-00048-00019524-00019925 asymptomatic adolescent who is at high risk for hereditary oAXu7c-t4Cc-00049-00019925-00020327 colon cancer? Or identify a couple at risk for having oAXu7c-t4Cc-00050-00020327-00020737 a child with a genetic condition? Are you able to guide inter- oAXu7c-t4Cc-00051-00020737-00021156 ventions for preventions of cardiovascular in young adults? Or oAXu7c-t4Cc-00052-00021156-00021563 assist anyone having questions about genetic or genomic information oAXu7c-t4Cc-00053-00021563-00021977 So, really you can see the application of why a oAXu7c-t4Cc-00054-00021977-00022381 nurse needs to have a general knowledge about genetics and genomics oAXu7c-t4Cc-00055-00022381-00022792 and depending on where you land in your nursing career, you may be doing more oAXu7c-t4Cc-00056-00022792-00023211 or less of this but it is important that we all have a working knowledge. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00057-00023211-00023619 So, when we talk about being competent in something, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00058-00023619-00024035 when we talk about genetics, the American Nurses Association and the National oAXu7c-t4Cc-00059-00024035-00024440 Institute of Health responded to the need to organize and oAXu7c-t4Cc-00060-00024440-00024852 articulate the genetic/genomic competencies for nurses. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00061-00024852-00025251 So, RN and advanced practictioners oAXu7c-t4Cc-00062-00025251-00025660 have competencies that encompass oAXu7c-t4Cc-00063-00025660-00026077 ethical, legal and social issues. The oAXu7c-t4Cc-00064-00026077-00026483 organizations came up with competencies including oAXu7c-t4Cc-00065-00026483-00026897 both knowledge and clinical performance indicators in oAXu7c-t4Cc-00066-00026897-00027299 two domains. So they organized it that there would be professional oAXu7c-t4Cc-00067-00027299-00027708 responsibilities that a nurse should have to be competent and then there would be oAXu7c-t4Cc-00068-00027708-00028126 professional practice responsibilities that oAXu7c-t4Cc-00069-00028126-00028533 a nurse would have to be if they wanted to look at being competent oAXu7c-t4Cc-00070-00028533-00028949 in that. So oAXu7c-t4Cc-00071-00028949-00029352 for an example of competencies in the professional responsibilities domain oAXu7c-t4Cc-00072-00029352-00029763 is that the nurse should recognize ones own oAXu7c-t4Cc-00073-00029763-00030181 attitudes and values related to genetic and genomic science. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00074-00030181-00030589 And that, that may affect the care that they provide to their clients. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00075-00030589-00031005 So, the way that they split it up was that specific oAXu7c-t4Cc-00076-00031005-00031408 areas of knowledge that a nurse would have to have, is that the values, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00077-00031408-00031820 attitudes and beliefs that influence genetic and genomic services oAXu7c-t4Cc-00078-00031820-00032220 would have to be something that the nurse would have to explore. So for example, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00079-00032220-00032622 what are their views on pregnancy termination if they were going to be involved in that oAXu7c-t4Cc-00080-00032622-00033038 they have to really think about their attitudes and values oAXu7c-t4Cc-00081-00033038-00033443 as it relates to providing information oAXu7c-t4Cc-00082-00033443-00033856 to families with genetic or genomic science. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00083-00033856-00034257 The performance indicator for this oAXu7c-t4Cc-00084-00034257-00034666 would be that the nurse engages in reflective practice about ones own beliefs oAXu7c-t4Cc-00085-00034666-00035083 and values related to the care that integrates genetics and genomics' oAXu7c-t4Cc-00086-00035083-00035489 And so you can see that this is very applicable oAXu7c-t4Cc-00087-00035489-00035907 to all of us if we think about, you know am I comfortable talking to a family oAXu7c-t4Cc-00088-00035907-00036309 about genetic testing oAXu7c-t4Cc-00089-00036309-00036719 and you know what's out there and what it can tell them oAXu7c-t4Cc-00090-00036719-00037137 and what it might mean for them. Another example, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00091-00037137-00037547 because I just wanted to kind of give you a couple of examples so you could kind oAXu7c-t4Cc-00092-00037547-00037963 of understand what this means is that under the professional oAXu7c-t4Cc-00093-00037963-00038367 responsibilities that a nurse would incorporate genetic and genomic technologies oAXu7c-t4Cc-00094-00038367-00038778 and information into practice and so areas of knowledge which would oAXu7c-t4Cc-00095-00038778-00039197 be technology and information systems for clinical care oAXu7c-t4Cc-00096-00039197-00039605 and clinical decision making which include the oAXu7c-t4Cc-00097-00039605-00040021 electronic health record, client monitoring systems, medication, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00098-00040021-00040421 administration, genetic or genomic testing technology oAXu7c-t4Cc-00099-00040421-00040834 or other things that support genetic and genomic oAXu7c-t4Cc-00100-00040834-00041235 based care. And the indicators would be oAXu7c-t4Cc-00101-00041235-00041643 that the nurse would evaluate genetic and genomic technologies oAXu7c-t4Cc-00102-00041643-00042060 used in care, demonstrate the use of genetic oAXu7c-t4Cc-00103-00042060-00042461 or genomic technology data for oAXu7c-t4Cc-00104-00042461-00042874 decision making and be able to identify the oAXu7c-t4Cc-00105-00042874-00043276 credibility, the reliability and the limitations of the genetic oAXu7c-t4Cc-00106-00043276-00043686 or genomic information. And identify ethical legal oAXu7c-t4Cc-00107-00043686-00044103 and social issues associated with genetic and genomic information. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00108-00044103-00044509 So when we think about this, you know it's important that as we oAXu7c-t4Cc-00109-00044509-00044924 move forward in the ability to identify someones oAXu7c-t4Cc-00110-00044924-00045326 genetic footprint that it is important that we protect them. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00111-00045326-00045726 So that they don't have any biases oAXu7c-t4Cc-00112-00045726-00046145 against them and from a legal or oAXu7c-t4Cc-00113-00046145-00046552 ethical or social issue. So it brings up oAXu7c-t4Cc-00114-00046552-00046967 those pieces that we have to be informed oAXu7c-t4Cc-00115-00046967-00047371 so that when we're working with the families or individuals oAXu7c-t4Cc-00116-00047371-00047771 or communities, that we can talk the talk oAXu7c-t4Cc-00117-00047771-00048191 about what it means. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00118-00048191-00048600 Now, when we talk about the practice domain, an example, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00119-00048600-00049015 is that the oAXu7c-t4Cc-00120-00049015-00049420 nurse would be able, in the nursing oAXu7c-t4Cc-00121-00049420-00049832 assessment be able to apply or integrate genetic or genomic knowledge and oAXu7c-t4Cc-00122-00049832-00050233 we all collect personal help and developmental histories oAXu7c-t4Cc-00123-00050233-00050642 that would consider genetic and environmental and genomic influences oAXu7c-t4Cc-00124-00050642-00051059 and risk factors. So we can see for the areas of knowledge the nurse would have to be oAXu7c-t4Cc-00125-00051059-00051464 able to understand the fundamentals of genetic and genomic oAXu7c-t4Cc-00126-00051464-00051877 post health assessment, be able to identify disease oAXu7c-t4Cc-00127-00051877-00052279 susceptibility or genetic conditions and understand oAXu7c-t4Cc-00128-00052279-00052689 the red flags in a family history, early oAXu7c-t4Cc-00129-00052689-00053105 onset for chronic illness or if there are rare diseases oAXu7c-t4Cc-00130-00053105-00053512 that occurred. Understand what oAXu7c-t4Cc-00131-00053512-00053925 is the impact of race or ethnicity for someone oAXu7c-t4Cc-00132-00053925-00054328 and appreciating that for some races or ethnicity oAXu7c-t4Cc-00133-00054328-00054738 it may be more important for me to encourage them to seek genetic oAXu7c-t4Cc-00134-00054738-00055155 testing especially when we are looking at matching a medication oAXu7c-t4Cc-00135-00055155-00055563 that is going to meet the needs for them. So you can see that oAXu7c-t4Cc-00136-00055563-00055963 the indicator is that the nurse is able to demonstrate oAXu7c-t4Cc-00137-00055963-00056366 the ability to collect personal, medical and family history that includes oAXu7c-t4Cc-00138-00056366-00056778 genetic and genomic as well as environmental risks. And that is something oAXu7c-t4Cc-00139-00056778-00057197 that you probably all feel pretty confident about and now we're just kind of oAXu7c-t4Cc-00140-00057197-00057604 adding that next layer of looking at are there genetic or genomic oAXu7c-t4Cc-00141-00057604-00058020 indicators or information that I might need oAXu7c-t4Cc-00142-00058020-00058420 to learn a little bit more about so that I can be oAXu7c-t4Cc-00143-00058420-00058837 competent and be confident when I am talking to families if they were to ask me oAXu7c-t4Cc-00144-00058837-00059238 questions. And, just another oAXu7c-t4Cc-00145-00059238-00059647 example that was kind of really relative to what oAXu7c-t4Cc-00146-00059647-00060063 you do is, is if you making referrals for specialized genetic care is to kind if oAXu7c-t4Cc-00147-00060063-00060469 understand the oAXu7c-t4Cc-00148-00060469-00060883 responsibility to understand those resources oAXu7c-t4Cc-00149-00060883-00061284 that we are going to share with the public. So be oAXu7c-t4Cc-00150-00061284-00061692 mindful of what's a good resource and where we should oAXu7c-t4Cc-00151-00061692-00062092 take people so they are looking at good information. So for oAXu7c-t4Cc-00152-00062092-00062499 the performance indicators, we want to develop an interprofessional oAXu7c-t4Cc-00153-00062499-00062913 plan that helps us incorporate genetics and genomics when we're working with oAXu7c-t4Cc-00154-00062913-00063315 clients and use that knowledge oAXu7c-t4Cc-00155-00063315-00063725 to help provide rational for the clients about whether or not they should oAXu7c-t4Cc-00156-00063725-00064144 seek genetic testing and/or oAXu7c-t4Cc-00157-00064144-00064551 for a diagnosis or care oAXu7c-t4Cc-00158-00064551-00064966 of whatever it is they are diagnosed with. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00159-00064966-00065369 It is also important that a nurse would develop a list of contacts oAXu7c-t4Cc-00160-00065369-00065770 for referral purposes within the community or healthcare oAXu7c-t4Cc-00161-00065770-00066189 settings and be able to help a family with oAXu7c-t4Cc-00162-00066189-00066596 follow up care so one thing is that we help, we might take oAXu7c-t4Cc-00163-00066596-00067012 that person and lead them to make the decision to get genetic testing oAXu7c-t4Cc-00164-00067012-00067417 but we don't want to just leave them there because we may need to help support them oAXu7c-t4Cc-00165-00067417-00067829 for follow up after that oAXu7c-t4Cc-00166-00067829-00068230 or when they find out what they learned from the genetic test oAXu7c-t4Cc-00167-00068230-00068638 and just be mindful of that, more of a long-term relationship for oAXu7c-t4Cc-00168-00068638-00069039 that. So, the complete document oAXu7c-t4Cc-00169-00069039-00069443 that kind of lists all of these and this is not, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00170-00069443-00069843 you are not going to be tested on what is a professional domain oAXu7c-t4Cc-00171-00069843-00070244 activity. This is really being presented to you oAXu7c-t4Cc-00172-00070244-00070654 for enriching you and kind of exposing you to what the competencies oAXu7c-t4Cc-00173-00070654-00071072 for nurses are. So I oAXu7c-t4Cc-00174-00071072-00071478 will have the complete document and will be posted just for you oAXu7c-t4Cc-00175-00071478-00071891 to review but it is not going to be included in an exam oAXu7c-t4Cc-00176-00071891-00072291 anything specific from this document but I did oAXu7c-t4Cc-00177-00072291-00072701 include it here because I feel like it's important oAXu7c-t4Cc-00178-00072701-00073127 for you to kind of see it oAXu7c-t4Cc-00179-00073127-00073527 and if this opens, I will show it to you and if it doesn't oAXu7c-t4Cc-00180-00073527-00073944 I will be posting it in the oAXu7c-t4Cc-00181-00073944-00074347 folder. But it oAXu7c-t4Cc-00182-00074347-00074757 is the full document that goes through all of the competencies and oAXu7c-t4Cc-00183-00074757-00075177 so I highlighted a couple of things that would be more relevant to you oAXu7c-t4Cc-00184-00075177-00075587 but if you were interested in this in oAXu7c-t4Cc-00185-00075587-00075988 greater depth I just provided it here for you so you can look at it. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00186-00075988-00076393 But, again, I am not going to select test questions that are specific oAXu7c-t4Cc-00187-00076393-00076808 to a competency for a nurse oAXu7c-t4Cc-00188-00076808-00077235 related to one thing or another. It would be kind of oAXu7c-t4Cc-00189-00077235-00077645 assessing your general knowledge about that, but you can see the document oAXu7c-t4Cc-00190-00077645-00078045 goes into each of the areas oAXu7c-t4Cc-00191-00078045-00078450 and goes into great depth here. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00192-00078450-00078863 So, I just provided that for you and I oAXu7c-t4Cc-00193-00078863-00079264 just wanted to let you know that. So the last thing I wanted to touch on is oAXu7c-t4Cc-00194-00079264-00079673 important when we talk about kind of preparing someone and having oAXu7c-t4Cc-00195-00079673-00080090 a greater understanding and this is something that's important oAXu7c-t4Cc-00196-00080090-00080495 for all of you to know is that, what are the different examples of genetic tests? oAXu7c-t4Cc-00197-00080495-00080909 You know what's the difference between a carrier vs. a presymptomatic? oAXu7c-t4Cc-00198-00080909-00081311 So, we look at a carrier test oAXu7c-t4Cc-00199-00081311-00081721 is going to help us, it will test oAXu7c-t4Cc-00200-00081721-00082139 and intended to show that, that person is a genetic carrier of oAXu7c-t4Cc-00201-00082139-00082546 a condition and that's important for them especially for family oAXu7c-t4Cc-00202-00082546-00082961 planning. Some examples would be cystic fibrosis oAXu7c-t4Cc-00203-00082961-00083364 gaucher disease, fanconi anemia, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00204-00083364-00083775 Tay Sachs and some muscular dystrophies like Duchenne's oAXu7c-t4Cc-00205-00083775-00084195 carrier test. So we can do that genetic test to see if that oAXu7c-t4Cc-00206-00084195-00084603 if that person is a carrier. Other types of examples are oAXu7c-t4Cc-00207-00084603-00085004 presymptomatic and they would be tests that predict that oAXu7c-t4Cc-00208-00085004-00085407 an asymptomatic person has a high probability of developing that condition, so oAXu7c-t4Cc-00209-00085407-00085820 the BRCA test for breast cancer is one oAXu7c-t4Cc-00210-00085820-00086220 that would be used to kind of oAXu7c-t4Cc-00211-00086220-00086628 help someone who is not symptomatic, you know be more aware oAXu7c-t4Cc-00212-00086628-00087045 and be more careful about doing screenings oAXu7c-t4Cc-00213-00087045-00087451 because they are at greater risk for that. Another one is the oAXu7c-t4Cc-00214-00087451-00087863 Huntington disease, so that person could oAXu7c-t4Cc-00215-00087863-00088264 have this genetic test to see oAXu7c-t4Cc-00216-00088264-00088665 if they're going to have Hungtington's before they have it. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00217-00088665-00089082 Another type of category is susceptibility oAXu7c-t4Cc-00218-00089082-00089488 or predispositional test which is kind of what we call a risk assessment oAXu7c-t4Cc-00219-00089488-00089900 and this test oAXu7c-t4Cc-00220-00089900-00090302 estimates the risk that an individual oAXu7c-t4Cc-00221-00090302-00090712 will have to get that condition. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00222-00090712-00091130 It is someone who is not necessarily has oAXu7c-t4Cc-00223-00091130-00091536 that but they are at the risk levels so looking Alzheimer's, macular degeneration, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00224-00091536-00091950 bladder cancer, there are certain things that we are adding to the list that we oAXu7c-t4Cc-00225-00091950-00092354 can assess for someones risk level oAXu7c-t4Cc-00226-00092354-00092764 for getting these types of things. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00227-00092764-00093165 And then we have another category that is the pharmacogenetics which looks oAXu7c-t4Cc-00228-00093165-00093572 at predicting the effectiveness of a drug so oAXu7c-t4Cc-00229-00093572-00093987 the response to warfarin is one that we oAXu7c-t4Cc-00230-00093987-00094390 see being used more often. Statins and some oAXu7c-t4Cc-00231-00094390-00094801 cancer medications and the Hepatitis C treatment uses oAXu7c-t4Cc-00232-00094801-00095221 genetic testing to see what's the best match for that person oAXu7c-t4Cc-00233-00095221-00095628 treatment that they are going and then we also have nutrigenetic oAXu7c-t4Cc-00234-00095628-00096045 which is looking at a persons response to a particular food oAXu7c-t4Cc-00235-00096045-00096449 or diet and this would help with working with people oAXu7c-t4Cc-00236-00096449-00096861 that had issues with food and their metabolism oAXu7c-t4Cc-00237-00096861-00097263 and their risk for disease. We can also oAXu7c-t4Cc-00238-00097263-00097672 do, it is also important that I give you some resources for you to look at. oAXu7c-t4Cc-00239-00097672-00098073 This, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00240-00098073-00098478 these came from a journal talked oAXu7c-t4Cc-00241-00098478-00098879 about places that nurses could get good resources and so we have oAXu7c-t4Cc-00242-00098879-00099280 the Gene Test, the American Nurses Association, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00243-00099280-00099681 and the International Society of Nurses in Genetics are three that are really good oAXu7c-t4Cc-00244-00099681-00100099 websites for you to go look at if you're interested in oAXu7c-t4Cc-00245-00100099-00100499 that type of either gene test or whatever. So, oAXu7c-t4Cc-00246-00100499-00100912 that ends this lecturette and we will be using this oAXu7c-t4Cc-00247-00100912-00101314 not necessarily the competencies in the classroom oAXu7c-t4Cc-00248-00101314-00101724 when we get together but we will be looking at peoples oAXu7c-t4Cc-00249-00101724-00102141 different, you know, test oAXu7c-t4Cc-00250-00102141-00102547 or things we can recommend for people based on scenarios. So I will see you oAXu7c-t4Cc-00251-00102547-00103381 in the classroom. oEOGrIRoZbk-00000-00000042-00000389 Scott Bradner I got my first email account on the ARPANET oEOGrIRoZbk-00001-00000389-00001031 in 1972, and have had continuous email coming to me since then. oEOGrIRoZbk-00002-00001031-00002265 In the mid 1980s, opened up the ARPANET and then later on the TCP/IP networks to the Harvard oEOGrIRoZbk-00003-00002265-00002365 campus. oEOGrIRoZbk-00004-00002365-00002465 I work at Harvard University. oEOGrIRoZbk-00005-00002465-00002963 I put in the Harvard core campus network in that timeframe. oEOGrIRoZbk-00006-00002963-00003476 I was the head of the technical committee for Harvard’s network for regional network oEOGrIRoZbk-00007-00003476-00004343 in the New England area, and for the National Science Foundation-associated regional network oEOGrIRoZbk-00008-00004343-00004596 around the county in the mid 90s. oEOGrIRoZbk-00009-00004596-00005398 And then I joined the Internet Engineering Task Force in 1990 and was appointed area oEOGrIRoZbk-00010-00005398-00005894 director of the operational requirements area in 1993. oEOGrIRoZbk-00011-00005894-00006348 I stayed on that role for two years…for four years. oEOGrIRoZbk-00012-00006348-00007047 Then was appointed the area director for Transport Area, and stayed in that role for six years. oEOGrIRoZbk-00013-00007047-00008245 I was on the IESG, the standards and approval body for the IETF from 1993 to 2003. oEOGrIRoZbk-00014-00008245-00008707 Somebody asked me a few years ago, what was the biggest surprise. oEOGrIRoZbk-00015-00008707-00009015 I was involved in the Internet from the very beginning. oEOGrIRoZbk-00016-00009015-00009963 The real Internet started January 1st 1983, when the TCP/IP protocols were put out. oEOGrIRoZbk-00017-00009963-00010251 The Web started in ’93. oEOGrIRoZbk-00018-00010251-00010962 Back in the late ’80s, the middle ’80s, I was using the Net daily, all the time. oEOGrIRoZbk-00019-00010962-00011062 It was magic. oEOGrIRoZbk-00020-00011062-00011425 You did magic things and magic things happened. oEOGrIRoZbk-00021-00011425-00011667 Email was all text-based. oEOGrIRoZbk-00022-00011667-00012136 The biggest surprise I’ve ever had about the Internet was that my mom surfed. oEOGrIRoZbk-00023-00012136-00012751 It never occurred to me in the early ’80s that my mother would ever knowingly use the oEOGrIRoZbk-00024-00012751-00012912 Internet. oEOGrIRoZbk-00025-00012912-00013044 It was a toy. oEOGrIRoZbk-00026-00013044-00013212 It was a geek thing. oEOGrIRoZbk-00027-00013212-00013337 It was for scientists. oEOGrIRoZbk-00028-00013337-00013445 It was for researchers. oEOGrIRoZbk-00029-00013445-00013859 It was for technical people. oEOGrIRoZbk-00030-00013859-00014340 I expected her to use it without knowing it, because I expected it to be an underlayment oEOGrIRoZbk-00031-00014340-00014545 for a lot of telecommunications. oEOGrIRoZbk-00032-00014545-00014768 But I didn’t expect her to use it. oEOGrIRoZbk-00033-00014768-00014920 The Web changed all of that. oEOGrIRoZbk-00034-00014920-00015318 The Web made it so that normal people could use this thing. oEOGrIRoZbk-00035-00015318-00015491 And that was my biggest surprise. oEOGrIRoZbk-00036-00015491-00015768 That was sort of the “eureka” moment. oEOGrIRoZbk-00037-00015768-00016481 When mom said, “I want to do this.” oEOGrIRoZbk-00038-00016481-00016829 Like the weather over any continent, it varies. oEOGrIRoZbk-00039-00016829-00017509 There are thunderstorms in places and there is cool weather in others and significant oEOGrIRoZbk-00040-00017509-00017884 turbulence other places. oEOGrIRoZbk-00041-00017884-00018462 The weather over the United States in the last six months has been tremendously variable. oEOGrIRoZbk-00042-00018462-00018954 The hottest…one of the hottest summers on record in the Boston area, which is where oEOGrIRoZbk-00043-00018954-00019376 I live, following a very cold winter. oEOGrIRoZbk-00044-00019376-00019512 A lot of snow. oEOGrIRoZbk-00045-00019512-00019663 A lot of rain. oEOGrIRoZbk-00046-00019663-00019893 Very heavy rain this spring. oEOGrIRoZbk-00047-00019893-00020201 And that’s pretty much the way I think of what’s going on in the Net. oEOGrIRoZbk-00048-00020201-00020799 We have very turbulent weather when it comes to governments being scared of the Net - the oEOGrIRoZbk-00049-00020799-00021329 Arab Spring kind of thing - and we have smooth sailing when it comes to technology. oEOGrIRoZbk-00050-00021329-00021462 Technology is going very well. oEOGrIRoZbk-00051-00021462-00022096 We have things like Skype and the like which are incredibly powerful, very game-changing oEOGrIRoZbk-00052-00022096-00022598 technologies, Netflix, and all of those things that are running. oEOGrIRoZbk-00053-00022598-00022707 Those are great. oEOGrIRoZbk-00054-00022707-00023076 Those are about as sunny as you can get, as sunny and clear as you can get. oEOGrIRoZbk-00055-00023076-00023665 Of course, if your business is being disrupted by the same technologies, you don’t think oEOGrIRoZbk-00056-00023665-00024438 it’s sunny. oEOGrIRoZbk-00057-00024438-00025156 I think there are a number of possibilities. oEOGrIRoZbk-00058-00025156-00026032 One of the possibilities is that this becomes a Disney-controlled Tivo, that the content oEOGrIRoZbk-00059-00026032-00026599 providers are right, that all we want to do is watch: couch potatoes watching movies. oEOGrIRoZbk-00060-00026599-00026932 I don’t think that’s likely, but that’s certainly one scenario. oEOGrIRoZbk-00061-00026932-00027443 The copyright industry wants the Internet designed in such a way that it will facilitate oEOGrIRoZbk-00062-00027443-00027547 that. oEOGrIRoZbk-00063-00027547-00028348 Another scenario is all government control - like in China, where you need to register oEOGrIRoZbk-00064-00028348-00028858 to use it, you basically need a driver’s license to use it and you can’t talk outside oEOGrIRoZbk-00065-00028858-00029269 of the country without being filtered, you can’t even talk inside the country without oEOGrIRoZbk-00066-00029269-00029369 being filtered. oEOGrIRoZbk-00067-00029369-00029708 That’s not just China, there are many countries like that. oEOGrIRoZbk-00068-00029708-00030220 The ultimate one, the IETF model, would be the end-end model, which is where I get to oEOGrIRoZbk-00069-00030220-00030686 decide which applications I’m going to run, and I talk to you about which applications oEOGrIRoZbk-00070-00030686-00031475 we are going to work together on - dramatic new developments in technology and services, oEOGrIRoZbk-00071-00031475-00031626 games or whatever. oEOGrIRoZbk-00072-00031626-00031968 Those are the primary three. oEOGrIRoZbk-00073-00031968-00032699 I guess a fourth is it is completely run by carriers - where the telephone companies and oEOGrIRoZbk-00074-00032699-00033946 the cable companies decide for you what you need without bothering to ask you. oEOGrIRoZbk-00075-00033946-00034110 All but one of those is very negative. oEOGrIRoZbk-00076-00034110-00034950 The positive one, the Pollyannaish one is the end-to-end model of the IETF. oEOGrIRoZbk-00077-00034950-00035559 It’s mostly education of governments. oEOGrIRoZbk-00078-00035559-00036127 The Internet has brought phenomenal economic health to the countries that have embraced oEOGrIRoZbk-00079-00036127-00037024 it, but has also brought huge social change to others who have embraced it. oEOGrIRoZbk-00080-00037024-00037697 Telling countries they benefit more than they are hurt by it, educating them why that’s oEOGrIRoZbk-00081-00037697-00037821 the case. oEOGrIRoZbk-00082-00037821-00038368 Educating them that the open Internet, the open standards process, the open development oEOGrIRoZbk-00083-00038368-00039137 is beneficial to them and their citizens, is the primary vehicle to try and get a positive oEOGrIRoZbk-00084-00039137-00039176 result. oLro2Ma9-SI-00000-00000056-00000624 hi there and welcome back to pinch of cooking today we're making maple roasted Delicata squash oLro2Ma9-SI-00001-00000624-00001040 it's probably one of the most delicious and tender variety of a winter squash oLro2Ma9-SI-00002-00001040-00001639 it has a sweet buttery texture that lends itself beautifully to roasting once you try it you will oLro2Ma9-SI-00003-00001639-00002039 understand why all the fancy restaurants have it on their menu this time of the year oLro2Ma9-SI-00004-00002128-00002640 and as everything on my channel this recipe is super easy and requires very few ingredients oLro2Ma9-SI-00005-00002792-00003184 make sure your squash is clean we will be eating the squash with the skin on oLro2Ma9-SI-00006-00003272-00004384 slice off the rough ends cut the squash lengthwise oLro2Ma9-SI-00007-00004784-00005064 and scoop out the seeds and all the fibers oLro2Ma9-SI-00008-00005408-00005864 cut the squashes into half moons it is easier to cut from the oLro2Ma9-SI-00009-00005864-00006240 inside out and your slices should be about this thick oLro2Ma9-SI-00010-00007023-00007464 once your slices are ready let's season them with salt oLro2Ma9-SI-00011-00007888-00008048 cinnamon or pumpkin spice oLro2Ma9-SI-00012-00008464-00008672 and about two tablespoons of olive oil oLro2Ma9-SI-00013-00008960-00009480 and about one to two tablespoons of maple syrup as you can see i'm just adding things by eye oLro2Ma9-SI-00014-00009904-00010416 give everything a really good mix to make sure all the squashes are evenly coated in seasoning oLro2Ma9-SI-00015-00010672-00011672 slightly oil your baking sheet lay out your pieces so they don't touch each other oLro2Ma9-SI-00016-00012696-00013080 and we will bake it for about 30 minutes at 400 oLro2Ma9-SI-00017-00013080-00013752 degrees fahrenheit which is same thing as 200 degrees celsius they are going to be ready when oLro2Ma9-SI-00018-00013752-00014344 the half moons are soft and just beginning to brown serve them immediately and enjoy! oLro2Ma9-SI-00019-00014440-00015440 thank you so much for watching and hit like and subscribe for more easy and delicious content oNMixf-DfYU-00000-00000000-00000200 RTX 3090 | i9-12900K 5.0GHz | Spiderman Remastered 4K Ray Tracing ON | DDR5 5200MHz oRvO-cuLKM4-00000-00000045-00000145 Female Speaker: -- easy to confuse them. oRvO-cuLKM4-00001-00000145-00000245 Gail, I'm so sorry. oRvO-cuLKM4-00002-00000245-00000345 Gail Jarvik: It's a common mistake, Teri. oRvO-cuLKM4-00003-00000345-00000445 [laughter] oRvO-cuLKM4-00004-00000445-00000545 Female Speaker: Gail from the University of Washington. oRvO-cuLKM4-00005-00000545-00000645 Gail Jarvik: All right, where is the whole, like -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00006-00000645-00001014 Male Speaker: You know, a genome [unintelligible] could oRvO-cuLKM4-00007-00001014-00001114 help that. oRvO-cuLKM4-00008-00001114-00001214 [laughter] oRvO-cuLKM4-00009-00001214-00001521 Gail Jarvik: Okay, so, yeah, I'm here to talk, really, oRvO-cuLKM4-00010-00001521-00001919 on behalf of a very large group of people at the University of Washington, including oRvO-cuLKM4-00011-00001919-00002199 Debby [spelled phonetically], who's here to correct me, right? oRvO-cuLKM4-00012-00002199-00002305 [laughs] Hit me -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00013-00002305-00002405 [laughter] oRvO-cuLKM4-00014-00002405-00002505 -- possibly. oRvO-cuLKM4-00015-00002505-00002605 She's close enough. oRvO-cuLKM4-00016-00002605-00002963 On behalf of Seattle I will just say that it's a beautiful place to have a West Coast oRvO-cuLKM4-00017-00002963-00003063 September meeting -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00018-00003063-00003163 Male Speaker: [unintelligible] oRvO-cuLKM4-00019-00003163-00003263 [laughter] oRvO-cuLKM4-00020-00003263-00003363 Gail Jarvik: No agenda there. oRvO-cuLKM4-00021-00003363-00003463 [laughter] oRvO-cuLKM4-00022-00003463-00003876 Okay, so I'm going to talk about a bunch of things. oRvO-cuLKM4-00023-00003876-00004392 Briefly, I'm going to talk about Debby's genome center, and I should say Debby and Mark Reader oRvO-cuLKM4-00024-00004392-00004980 [spelled phonetically], and the new Mendelian grant that starts, I believe, today, of which oRvO-cuLKM4-00025-00004980-00005228 the PIs are Debby, Mark, Jay [spelled phonetically] -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00026-00005228-00005328 Female Speaker: [inaudible] it starts today. oRvO-cuLKM4-00027-00005328-00005428 Gail Jarvik: Does it start today? oRvO-cuLKM4-00028-00005428-00005562 I think it does. oRvO-cuLKM4-00029-00005562-00005663 Today or tomorrow. oRvO-cuLKM4-00030-00005663-00005763 All right. oRvO-cuLKM4-00031-00005763-00005983 No, no, the announcement's tomorrow, it starts today. oRvO-cuLKM4-00032-00005983-00006484 [laughs] Jay Schinderry [spelled phonetically] and Mike Bamshed [spelled phonetically]; the oRvO-cuLKM4-00033-00006484-00006798 SeattleSeq's [spelled phonetically] Exome Variant Server, which is a great resource oRvO-cuLKM4-00034-00006798-00007397 for people who haven't been using it; one slide on the eMERGE Consortium; a little on oRvO-cuLKM4-00035-00007397-00008061 CLIA sequencing opportunities at UW; and then a little bit more time on the clinical sequencing oRvO-cuLKM4-00036-00008061-00008867 study, which I'm the PI of but is a huge group effort at UW that is also new, and then if oRvO-cuLKM4-00037-00008867-00009184 there's a minute, one slide on the Northwestern Institute of Genetic Medicine. oRvO-cuLKM4-00038-00009184-00010036 So the next-generation Mendelian Center is -- there are several centers that were funded oRvO-cuLKM4-00039-00010036-00010765 to identify Mendelian diseases, and Debby has, I think, the largest, I'll say, since oRvO-cuLKM4-00040-00010765-00011268 you're not the one talking [laughs] -- maybe by a dollar, but [laughs] -- in any case, oRvO-cuLKM4-00041-00011268-00011764 the idea of these is to do the unsolved Mendelians, and of course there has been really impressive oRvO-cuLKM4-00042-00011764-00012412 progress in the last couple of years in on solving the Mendelians that people had in oRvO-cuLKM4-00043-00012412-00012525 their freezers. oRvO-cuLKM4-00044-00012525-00012988 And so we're hoping to find more of those and really make a lot of progress. oRvO-cuLKM4-00045-00012988-00013508 Not every pedigree that we can solve will look like this one, and in fact this one may oRvO-cuLKM4-00046-00013508-00013905 not even be solvable, we like recessives better than dominants. oRvO-cuLKM4-00047-00013905-00014391 And so I'm going to talk quickly about two other models that have worked. oRvO-cuLKM4-00048-00014391-00014910 Take a minute to say, though, that that question of how do you know you really have it is a oRvO-cuLKM4-00049-00014910-00015408 really important question, and so validation or replication is important but also those oRvO-cuLKM4-00050-00015408-00015688 functional studies become important. oRvO-cuLKM4-00051-00015688-00016188 And definitely an advertisement for if you have these in your freezers, let Debby know oRvO-cuLKM4-00052-00016188-00016369 right away. oRvO-cuLKM4-00053-00016369-00017134 So here is one of the ones that was solved under the ARRA, small -- we called it little oRvO-cuLKM4-00054-00017134-00017356 Mendelian, now we have big Mendelian. oRvO-cuLKM4-00055-00017356-00017936 And this is de novo mutation in autism, and I think this is what Debby was referring to oRvO-cuLKM4-00056-00017936-00018323 when we don't always have to look for a family history to find a gene. oRvO-cuLKM4-00057-00018323-00018969 And actually it was very powerful in the autism; out of 20 children with autism they found oRvO-cuLKM4-00058-00018969-00019164 de novo mutations in four. oRvO-cuLKM4-00059-00019164-00019529 So I advise you to look up that paper. oRvO-cuLKM4-00060-00019529-00020263 Similarly, we also solved, through this project, a quantitative trait locus for phospholipid oRvO-cuLKM4-00061-00020263-00020823 transfer protein activity level, which was at last seraminesynthatase [spelled phonetically], oRvO-cuLKM4-00062-00020823-00021276 so not a place we would have thought about except that there was a linkage signal in oRvO-cuLKM4-00063-00021276-00021794 this region and we were able to take the exome data, lay it on the linkage and come up with oRvO-cuLKM4-00064-00021794-00021942 the variant very, very quickly. oRvO-cuLKM4-00065-00021942-00022390 And then, of course, it took a lot longer to confirm it, but it was really quite remarkable oRvO-cuLKM4-00066-00022390-00022879 having had the linkage signal for some time to go through and actually find the variant oRvO-cuLKM4-00067-00022879-00023105 in weeks. oRvO-cuLKM4-00068-00023105-00023719 The Exome Variant Server is the address, the web address is here. oRvO-cuLKM4-00069-00023719-00024023 If you haven't used it you should really go play with it. oRvO-cuLKM4-00070-00024023-00024656 They have 5,400 exomes up there right now and I have found it extremely useful when oRvO-cuLKM4-00071-00024656-00025058 I'm interested in a gene to go see what else is there. oRvO-cuLKM4-00072-00025058-00025869 The phenotypes are from the NHLBI's studies, so the large cohorts that are listed here, oRvO-cuLKM4-00073-00025869-00026381 so there are early MI, hypertension, et cetera, but for any phenotype you're interested in, oRvO-cuLKM4-00074-00026381-00026535 it's interesting to look at the gene. oRvO-cuLKM4-00075-00026535-00026906 What I will tell you is that they get, like, a request a week, "Can we find out about this oRvO-cuLKM4-00076-00026906-00027019 phenotype in this person?" oRvO-cuLKM4-00077-00027019-00027532 and the answer to that right now, at least, is no. oRvO-cuLKM4-00078-00027532-00028045 So here's some of the other features that are up on the Exome Variant Server, and you oRvO-cuLKM4-00079-00028045-00028523 can also get the allele counts, which are a new feature, and so it's a good place to oRvO-cuLKM4-00080-00028523-00028623 go play. oRvO-cuLKM4-00081-00028623-00028760 Thank you, Debby. oRvO-cuLKM4-00082-00028760-00028988 Female Speaker: You're welcome. oRvO-cuLKM4-00083-00028988-00029783 Gail Jarvik: I would've drunk your water, but I know you oRvO-cuLKM4-00084-00029783-00029883 had a cold recently. oRvO-cuLKM4-00085-00029883-00029983 [laughs] oRvO-cuLKM4-00086-00029983-00030083 [laughter] oRvO-cuLKM4-00087-00030083-00030183 Female Speaker: That's not my water [spelled phonetically]. oRvO-cuLKM4-00088-00030183-00030283 Gail Jarvik: Okay [laughs]. oRvO-cuLKM4-00089-00030283-00030383 All right, eMERGE. oRvO-cuLKM4-00090-00030383-00030645 So people, several people, have referred to eMERGE and the seven sites that are in eMERGE oRvO-cuLKM4-00091-00030645-00030770 too are up here. oRvO-cuLKM4-00092-00030770-00031325 The idea, for the three of you in the room who don't know about eMERGE, is to take places oRvO-cuLKM4-00093-00031325-00031864 with electronic medical records where the phenotypes can be raised from those medical oRvO-cuLKM4-00094-00031864-00032568 records and pair that with genome-wide association data and then share. oRvO-cuLKM4-00095-00032568-00032906 So kind of I show you yours, you show me mine. oRvO-cuLKM4-00096-00032906-00033347 And so the phenotypes that we picked, for example, we picked white blood counts, someone oRvO-cuLKM4-00097-00033347-00033862 else picked eye disease, someone else picked QRS, we all pushed the phenotypes and the oRvO-cuLKM4-00098-00033862-00034359 genotypes across so that it will large cohort of people that we're analyzing. oRvO-cuLKM4-00099-00034359-00034531 And that's been very powerful. oRvO-cuLKM4-00100-00034531-00035403 The eMERGE is now looking at deploying the new pharmacogenetics array across all sites, oRvO-cuLKM4-00101-00035403-00035911 and that will be a new component, and then the Bioethics Group has been very, very productive oRvO-cuLKM4-00102-00035911-00036718 in eMERGE to look at very, very important issues with what patients want out of these oRvO-cuLKM4-00103-00036718-00036994 new genomic technologies. oRvO-cuLKM4-00104-00036994-00037187 CLIA sequencing at UW. oRvO-cuLKM4-00105-00037187-00037496 There are actually lots of places you can get CLIA sequencing done. oRvO-cuLKM4-00106-00037496-00038031 Peter Buyers [spelled phonetically] historically has a collagen lab, he does arrays for collagen oRvO-cuLKM4-00107-00038031-00038365 disorders, but he'll do anything you ask him. oRvO-cuLKM4-00108-00038365-00038465 So it's great. oRvO-cuLKM4-00109-00038465-00038988 So we use Peter, and even confirming variants, we use Peter a lot for things like that. oRvO-cuLKM4-00110-00038988-00039384 Mary Clark King's lab, and in particular Tom Walsh, developed this array, he's a really oRvO-cuLKM4-00111-00039384-00039541 great junior [spelled phonetically] guy. oRvO-cuLKM4-00112-00039541-00040099 They have a 29 gene cancer array and they actually make these primers available. oRvO-cuLKM4-00113-00040099-00040522 So if you want to have their array, they'll tell you how to do it and they're happy to oRvO-cuLKM4-00114-00040522-00040835 export it and they've exported it to several places so far. oRvO-cuLKM4-00115-00040835-00041555 There are seven colon cancer genes among those genes, and that panel is available as a clinical oRvO-cuLKM4-00116-00041555-00041912 diagnostic test that insurance will pay for, it's called coloseek [spelled phonetically] oRvO-cuLKM4-00117-00041912-00042075 and it's kind of like a chemistry panel. oRvO-cuLKM4-00118-00042075-00042572 You get the report on the seven, but actually they're running all 29 and so you get -- you oRvO-cuLKM4-00119-00042572-00042981 will get the rest of them only if there's something important there. oRvO-cuLKM4-00120-00042981-00043412 So for those of you who don't know how chemical panels work, if you order sodium everything oRvO-cuLKM4-00121-00043412-00043925 gets done but you don't hear about the rest of it unless something bad is in there. oRvO-cuLKM4-00122-00043925-00044074 So this fits in that model. oRvO-cuLKM4-00123-00044074-00044174 Okay. oRvO-cuLKM4-00124-00044174-00044701 So they have a current trial actually going on where they're sequencing these 29 genes oRvO-cuLKM4-00125-00044701-00045062 in all new cases of invasive breast cancer. oRvO-cuLKM4-00126-00045062-00045366 And they've been looking at colon cancer for some time. oRvO-cuLKM4-00127-00045366-00046125 Laboratory medicine at the UW now is setting up Mary Claire's array as a fee-for-service. oRvO-cuLKM4-00128-00046125-00046777 And then coming soon, Debby and Mark are going to have CLIA certification at their lab. oRvO-cuLKM4-00129-00046777-00047358 We're moving down that pathway, and so we're really looking forward to having CLIA-certified oRvO-cuLKM4-00130-00047358-00047746 exomes, genomes, exome chips and everything else over there. oRvO-cuLKM4-00131-00047746-00047884 All right. oRvO-cuLKM4-00132-00047884-00048552 Moving on to the clinical sequencing in cancer project that, again, is one of the new U01 oRvO-cuLKM4-00133-00048552-00049037 projects that's just started, which will technically be announced tomorrow. oRvO-cuLKM4-00134-00049037-00049609 Our project relates to colorectal cancer and polyposis. oRvO-cuLKM4-00135-00049609-00050372 The project one is the genomic study with an economics overlay to look at utilization. oRvO-cuLKM4-00136-00050372-00051046 Project two is the technical whole exome sequencing, but also we do intend to return those incidental oRvO-cuLKM4-00137-00051046-00051146 findings. oRvO-cuLKM4-00138-00051146-00051539 So we have a group of clinicians that are going to help us determine which are the results oRvO-cuLKM4-00139-00051539-00051746 that we should be giving back to patients. oRvO-cuLKM4-00140-00051746-00052041 And then project three is an ethics project. oRvO-cuLKM4-00141-00052041-00052838 Separately there was a return of results R01 funded to help Holly Tabor at the UW for electronic oRvO-cuLKM4-00142-00052838-00053129 return of genomic results. oRvO-cuLKM4-00143-00053129-00053521 So our study rationale, I mean we sat there kind of long and hard and said, "Well if we oRvO-cuLKM4-00144-00053521-00054100 were going to deploy and exome in clinic, what would be the best-case scenario?" oRvO-cuLKM4-00145-00054100-00054397 And we just went with colorectal cancer for these reasons. oRvO-cuLKM4-00146-00054397-00054696 First there are a bunch of genes that are known to affect it. oRvO-cuLKM4-00147-00054696-00055140 Second, the process, which I'll show you in a minute, for coming to those diagnoses is oRvO-cuLKM4-00148-00055140-00055510 actually quite complex and involves multiple visits. oRvO-cuLKM4-00149-00055510-00055940 And finally, in our clinic, we solve less than half of these patients. oRvO-cuLKM4-00150-00055940-00056483 They look like a Mendelian colorectal cancer but they don't have the known genes. oRvO-cuLKM4-00151-00056483-00057014 So we thought that whole-exome sequencing might help us solve more and solve them faster. oRvO-cuLKM4-00152-00057014-00057365 So this is the usual screening for people who come in here looking lynchy [spelled phonetically]. oRvO-cuLKM4-00153-00057365-00058052 So they have colorectal cancer early age, they have family history, they have a couple oRvO-cuLKM4-00154-00058052-00058537 polyps but not too many and, you know, you go through and you actually look at the tumor oRvO-cuLKM4-00155-00058537-00058951 pathology, use that pathology to help you order genetic tests, when those tests are oRvO-cuLKM4-00156-00058951-00059538 negative then you do some more tests and you can go through four clinic visits easily and oRvO-cuLKM4-00157-00059538-00060055 not find the answer and then eventually either the patient, the doctor or the insurer drop oRvO-cuLKM4-00158-00060055-00060321 out of the arrangement. oRvO-cuLKM4-00159-00060321-00060663 And since many of these remain unsolved. oRvO-cuLKM4-00160-00060663-00061083 So this is the schematic for this new study. oRvO-cuLKM4-00161-00061083-00061496 Basically it's a randomized control trial where we're taking these patients that we oRvO-cuLKM4-00162-00061496-00062133 would have ordered some kind of colorectal test for, even the tumor marker testing, and oRvO-cuLKM4-00163-00062133-00062605 we're going to randomize them to usual care or usual care plus an exome. oRvO-cuLKM4-00164-00062605-00062955 And this is how IRB let us get around the not telling people anything: we are going oRvO-cuLKM4-00165-00062955-00063387 to draw the blood in the usual care no exome people but we are actually not running the oRvO-cuLKM4-00166-00063387-00063888 exome until, in the end, if we can cross them over we will. oRvO-cuLKM4-00167-00063888-00064605 So they will get, in a very short amount of time, four to six weeks, the colorectal results oRvO-cuLKM4-00168-00064605-00064760 that are identified. oRvO-cuLKM4-00169-00064760-00065283 Those will be CLIA-certified, so initially before the whole exomes are CLIA-certified oRvO-cuLKM4-00170-00065283-00065825 we'll repeat everything in a CLIA lab and hopefully the CLIA exomes will be on board oRvO-cuLKM4-00171-00065825-00065960 pretty soon. oRvO-cuLKM4-00172-00065960-00066432 The patients will be surveyed and then after that we are going to return the incidental oRvO-cuLKM4-00173-00066432-00066614 findings to that group. oRvO-cuLKM4-00174-00066614-00067039 We had a hard time coming up with a matched intervention for the people who didn't get oRvO-cuLKM4-00175-00067039-00067431 the exome, so they're basically going to come back and talk more about their family history oRvO-cuLKM4-00176-00067431-00068028 and other clinical risk estimates for them, survey people again, survey people again, oRvO-cuLKM4-00177-00068028-00068766 and one of the important parts of this is that we're going to follow economic measures oRvO-cuLKM4-00178-00068766-00069028 as well as other kinds of measures. oRvO-cuLKM4-00179-00069028-00069323 So the study is randomized. oRvO-cuLKM4-00180-00069323-00069706 We are going to control for things that we find as confounders, for example we have a oRvO-cuLKM4-00181-00069706-00070374 very low number of non-Caucasian patients, so those'll be randomized tightly to make oRvO-cuLKM4-00182-00070374-00070663 sure that they end up in both arms. oRvO-cuLKM4-00183-00070663-00070935 The blinding will end at the second clinic visit. oRvO-cuLKM4-00184-00070935-00071316 So at the first clinic visit the patients won't know what arm they ended up in but when oRvO-cuLKM4-00185-00071316-00071886 they return for their colorectal results the clinician will know at that time and then oRvO-cuLKM4-00186-00071886-00071991 the patient will know. oRvO-cuLKM4-00187-00071991-00072446 So when the physician makes their plan at the first visit they will not know if the oRvO-cuLKM4-00188-00072446-00072769 patient's been randomized. oRvO-cuLKM4-00189-00072769-00073158 The physician who will see most of these patients is Fuki Hisama [spelled phonetically] who's oRvO-cuLKM4-00190-00073158-00073503 fabulous, so we're very, very lucky to have a strong clinical team. oRvO-cuLKM4-00191-00073503-00074372 We see about 600 cancer genetic cases a year, so we believe we'll have enough over four oRvO-cuLKM4-00192-00074372-00074970 years to accrue the 220 colorectal cancer patients we need to be well-powered. oRvO-cuLKM4-00193-00074970-00075247 The unsolved cases will move to a discovery arm. oRvO-cuLKM4-00194-00075247-00075693 We'll collect their family members and try and find new genes since the old genes will oRvO-cuLKM4-00195-00075693-00075907 not have accounted for those. oRvO-cuLKM4-00196-00075907-00076530 We're going to collect a bunch of psychosocial and economic outcomes on these patients. oRvO-cuLKM4-00197-00076530-00077019 The healthcare utilization will be followed by postcards where the patients just say what oRvO-cuLKM4-00198-00077019-00077431 they're doing and the economist, Dave Beenster [spelled phonetically] who's fabulous -- and oRvO-cuLKM4-00199-00077431-00077623 I like talking to the economists. oRvO-cuLKM4-00200-00077623-00078059 [laughs] But I'm a mathy kind of person. oRvO-cuLKM4-00201-00078059-00078730 They put a price on the activities, the patients don't have to report actual monetary values. oRvO-cuLKM4-00202-00078730-00079333 We are additionally asking them about their insurance, what changes, so if they suddenly oRvO-cuLKM4-00203-00079333-00079750 add a bunch of, you know, disability insurance, we want to know about that. oRvO-cuLKM4-00204-00079750-00080087 And we are asking them what they're telling their family members. oRvO-cuLKM4-00205-00080087-00080643 The economics group is also giving subjects in both arms, people who got exomes and people oRvO-cuLKM4-00206-00080643-00081084 who didn't, what's called discreet choice experiments, which, you pick between two things oRvO-cuLKM4-00207-00081084-00081473 to try and put a value on items. oRvO-cuLKM4-00208-00081473-00082221 So then we come to the return of incidental exome findings and I was really hoping that oRvO-cuLKM4-00209-00082221-00082476 Howard could help me [laughs] with what to give back to people [laughs]. oRvO-cuLKM4-00210-00082476-00082764 That's why I was asking the question. oRvO-cuLKM4-00211-00082764-00083309 So we have a group of fabulous people that are going to help us to decide what are, you oRvO-cuLKM4-00212-00083309-00084048 know, valid, and with clinical utility, actionable, whatever terminology you want to use. oRvO-cuLKM4-00213-00084048-00084380 I did change my slides since Friday [laughs]. oRvO-cuLKM4-00214-00084380-00085100 And, you know, basically the binning kind of work that Jim Evans and his group do. oRvO-cuLKM4-00215-00085100-00085521 The only two outside people outside of Seattle are Jim and Jeff Murray, so I just sort of oRvO-cuLKM4-00216-00085521-00085718 highlighted them in blue. oRvO-cuLKM4-00217-00085718-00086115 And then we do have several ethics people who are physician ethicists, and of course oRvO-cuLKM4-00218-00086115-00086521 Wiley Bird [spelled phonetically] is, the co-chair of the group is a medical geneticist oRvO-cuLKM4-00219-00086521-00086621 and ethicist. oRvO-cuLKM4-00220-00086621-00086929 So that'll be an interesting process alone. oRvO-cuLKM4-00221-00086929-00087709 There is the third ethics project is basically focus groups in patients who got exomes, focus oRvO-cuLKM4-00222-00087709-00088230 groups in patients who didn't get exomes but weren't part of the study at all, so outside oRvO-cuLKM4-00223-00088230-00088470 of the study. oRvO-cuLKM4-00224-00088470-00089433 And then also we have this CLIA aim where we are having Barbara Evans who's a lawyer oRvO-cuLKM4-00225-00089433-00090327 and professor actually look at the First Amendment issues related to return of non-CLIA results. oRvO-cuLKM4-00226-00090327-00090766 So there's a big argument that I'm not even going to get started here on whether for research, oRvO-cuLKM4-00227-00090766-00091230 not for, for clinical medicine it needs to be CLIA, but for research, can you give back, oRvO-cuLKM4-00228-00091230-00091677 if you have a non-CLIA result that you believe is important to the patient, can you even oRvO-cuLKM4-00229-00091677-00091931 give it back is an argued point. oRvO-cuLKM4-00230-00091931-00092392 And so Barbara's going to look at the First Amendment freedom of speech issues around oRvO-cuLKM4-00231-00092392-00092572 that question. oRvO-cuLKM4-00232-00092572-00092725 So that'll be interesting. oRvO-cuLKM4-00233-00092725-00093165 The Northwest Institute of Genetic Medicine's the last thing that I'm going to talk about oRvO-cuLKM4-00234-00093165-00093578 this, and these are the usual suspects. oRvO-cuLKM4-00235-00093578-00094175 This is money awarded to us by the state of Washington to help investigators move into oRvO-cuLKM4-00236-00094175-00094377 translational genetics. oRvO-cuLKM4-00237-00094377-00095228 We have to date worked with 180 different investigators over three years and helped oRvO-cuLKM4-00238-00095228-00095678 a lot of people with either -- with all of these things -- so either -- I don't know, oRvO-cuLKM4-00239-00095678-00096167 really, what I do, I just start it all, but Debby does the technology, Mike helps with oRvO-cuLKM4-00240-00096167-00096718 sample collection, I help with the IRB, I guess, Peter does the informatics and Bruce oRvO-cuLKM4-00241-00096718-00097130 does the biostatistics and then we've started a biorepository with Eric Larson at Group oRvO-cuLKM4-00242-00097130-00097238 Health. oRvO-cuLKM4-00243-00097238-00097610 So we've been able to help people with a variety of ways. oRvO-cuLKM4-00244-00097610-00098153 If they need, you know a 20 percent biostatistician to do genetic analysis, and the most popular oRvO-cuLKM4-00245-00098153-00098702 person has been our full-time genomic IRB person, and she's, I think, going to be a oRvO-cuLKM4-00246-00098702-00099082 very crucial person as we move forward. oRvO-cuLKM4-00247-00099082-00099713 So this is just a very, very partial acknowledgement of the faculty involved in these projects oRvO-cuLKM4-00248-00099713-00100316 and the staff is also amazing and I felt bad leaving them off but I got tired on the last oRvO-cuLKM4-00249-00100316-00100416 slide. oRvO-cuLKM4-00250-00100416-00100516 So. oRvO-cuLKM4-00251-00100516-00100627 If anyone has any questions. oRvO-cuLKM4-00252-00100627-00100744 Thank you. oRvO-cuLKM4-00253-00100744-00100919 Female Speaker: Great. oRvO-cuLKM4-00254-00100919-00101095 Questions for Gail? oRvO-cuLKM4-00255-00101095-00101285 So Mark and then Erwin? oRvO-cuLKM4-00256-00101285-00101626 Male Speaker: So your randomized trial, again, what's the oRvO-cuLKM4-00257-00101626-00101726 primary endpoint? oRvO-cuLKM4-00258-00101726-00101896 Gail Jarvik: The primary endpoint is actually the percent oRvO-cuLKM4-00259-00101896-00102657 solved, the percent of patients that we find the genetic cause that we believe accounts oRvO-cuLKM4-00260-00102657-00102825 for their colorectal cancer. oRvO-cuLKM4-00261-00102825-00102965 That's the primary endpoint. oRvO-cuLKM4-00262-00102965-00103303 Male Speaker: For their -- for their -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00263-00103303-00103466 Gail Jarvik: For the colorectal cancer. oRvO-cuLKM4-00264-00103466-00103566 So they're coming in -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00265-00103566-00103749 Male Speaker: But these -- but these are patients at risk oRvO-cuLKM4-00266-00103749-00103901 of cancer, these patients would -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00267-00103901-00104015 Gail Jarvik: These are patients with colorectal cancer oRvO-cuLKM4-00268-00104015-00104599 who also have enough of a family history or presentation that we believe they have a Mendelian oRvO-cuLKM4-00269-00104599-00104950 condition, that we would have ordered a genetic test of some kind in. oRvO-cuLKM4-00270-00104950-00105050 Male Speaker: I guess -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00271-00105050-00105150 Gail Jarvik: But not the APCs. oRvO-cuLKM4-00272-00105150-00105475 Male Speaker: How do you know if you find something that oRvO-cuLKM4-00273-00105475-00105575 that's the cause? oRvO-cuLKM4-00274-00105575-00105875 Gail Jarvik: I think that is a very important question. oRvO-cuLKM4-00275-00105875-00106495 And so part of it, part of it is there are genes that we know that never get tested in oRvO-cuLKM4-00276-00106495-00106991 these people that we know cause colorectal cancer because we do it kind of one step at oRvO-cuLKM4-00277-00106991-00107150 a time. oRvO-cuLKM4-00278-00107150-00107675 And so I think that we'll -- that's a really important question and I, you know, I think oRvO-cuLKM4-00279-00107675-00108108 that we'll be very conservative about telling a patient -- these are known genes that we're oRvO-cuLKM4-00280-00108108-00108340 going to return to the patient, the discovery arm is separate. oRvO-cuLKM4-00281-00108340-00108440 Okay? oRvO-cuLKM4-00282-00108440-00108623 Male Speaker: I don't understand why you need a randomized oRvO-cuLKM4-00283-00108623-00109283 trial for this, because basically you're saying in patients with colon cancer and a family oRvO-cuLKM4-00284-00109283-00109383 history -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00285-00109383-00109483 Gail Jarvik: [affirmative] oRvO-cuLKM4-00286-00109483-00109583 Male Speaker: -- that there's some percentage that will oRvO-cuLKM4-00287-00109583-00109917 have abnormalities that can only be picked up by exome sequencing. oRvO-cuLKM4-00288-00109917-00110161 That doesn't require a randomized trial. oRvO-cuLKM4-00289-00110161-00110675 You really don't have a cause and effect here, and you really aren't doing any intervention, oRvO-cuLKM4-00290-00110675-00110775 right? oRvO-cuLKM4-00291-00110775-00110965 Male Speaker: It's an incremental effectiveness trial, because oRvO-cuLKM4-00292-00110965-00111482 what you're looking at is if the inefficiencies of usual care, by proceeding gene by gene oRvO-cuLKM4-00293-00111482-00111836 by gene as opposed to starting with the whole genome [inaudible] -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00294-00111836-00112058 Male Speaker: But why not just do it stepwise? oRvO-cuLKM4-00295-00112058-00112158 Why not -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00296-00112158-00112478 Male Speaker: Because the hypothesis is really [unintelligible] oRvO-cuLKM4-00297-00112478-00112578 hypothesis. oRvO-cuLKM4-00298-00112578-00113230 Is it, in fact, more efficient to do the whole genome analysis and find your cause [inaudible] oRvO-cuLKM4-00299-00113230-00113649 as opposed to doing it gene by gene by gene. oRvO-cuLKM4-00300-00113649-00113949 Gail Jarvik: Right, so that's a major part of the hypothesis oRvO-cuLKM4-00301-00113949-00114598 is, is it faster and cheaper just to do the whole exome the first day you see them than oRvO-cuLKM4-00302-00114598-00114979 to walk them through the tumor testing gene by gene by gene. oRvO-cuLKM4-00303-00114979-00115079 Male Speaker: Okay. oRvO-cuLKM4-00304-00115079-00115273 Gail Jarvik: Is it just faster and cheaper to get it done oRvO-cuLKM4-00305-00115273-00115373 the first day? oRvO-cuLKM4-00306-00115373-00115473 Male Speaker: Yes. oRvO-cuLKM4-00307-00115473-00115573 Gail Jarvik: [laughs] oRvO-cuLKM4-00308-00115573-00115673 [laughter] oRvO-cuLKM4-00309-00115673-00115820 Gail Jarvik: I hope so. oRvO-cuLKM4-00310-00115820-00116051 Male Speaker: I just -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00311-00116051-00116151 Gail Jarvik: Well -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00312-00116151-00116251 Male Speaker: [unintelligible] oRvO-cuLKM4-00313-00116251-00116351 Gail Jarvik: [laughs] oRvO-cuLKM4-00314-00116351-00116451 Male Speaker: I mean, you know at the, I mean, I, at the oRvO-cuLKM4-00315-00116451-00116784 end of the day you know you're going to find stuff and you know it's going to be faster oRvO-cuLKM4-00316-00116784-00117344 and cheaper than going step-by-step but you won't know whether it's really beneficial oRvO-cuLKM4-00317-00117344-00117646 because you don't really know that what you're finding is important. oRvO-cuLKM4-00318-00117646-00117890 Gail Jarvik: Well, I would disagree with that. oRvO-cuLKM4-00319-00117890-00118596 I think that we, you know, finding these genes is beneficial to the, not just the patients oRvO-cuLKM4-00320-00118596-00118700 but to their families. oRvO-cuLKM4-00321-00118700-00118861 Male Speaker: Maybe. oRvO-cuLKM4-00322-00118861-00119304 You would need to have tested their other family members to show that there's linkage. oRvO-cuLKM4-00323-00119304-00119703 Gail Jarvik: Well we -- so you're talking about new discovery oRvO-cuLKM4-00324-00119703-00119803 genes. oRvO-cuLKM4-00325-00119803-00120312 But many of these genes are going to be known, you know, clinically, you know, clinical validity oRvO-cuLKM4-00326-00120312-00120666 and utility known genes, okay? oRvO-cuLKM4-00327-00120666-00120897 Much of what we're going to find is going to be that. oRvO-cuLKM4-00328-00120897-00121275 Female Speaker: I think you're also [unintelligible]. oRvO-cuLKM4-00329-00121275-00122125 I think you're also, you know, if you do this routinely, patient and provider fatigue is oRvO-cuLKM4-00330-00122125-00122300 a huge issue. oRvO-cuLKM4-00331-00122300-00122757 And so that doing it all at once, to get the data all at once, is actually going to be oRvO-cuLKM4-00332-00122757-00123296 so much more productive in terms of actually getting results than when you have someone oRvO-cuLKM4-00333-00123296-00123748 come back and they don't show up or, you know, you can't get insurance coverage, that, to oRvO-cuLKM4-00334-00123748-00124060 me, is actually a crucial part of this question. oRvO-cuLKM4-00335-00124060-00124592 Getting an answer to begin with when you don't have to go through all the steps is just a oRvO-cuLKM4-00336-00124592-00124692 big thing. oRvO-cuLKM4-00337-00124692-00124908 I mean, this is what we do, we, I mean I'm sure it happens to everybody [inaudible] -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00338-00124908-00125086 Gail Jarvik: Right, and that's what I meant when I said oRvO-cuLKM4-00339-00125086-00125498 either the physician or the patient or the insurer can drop out along the way in the oRvO-cuLKM4-00340-00125498-00125611 current workup. oRvO-cuLKM4-00341-00125611-00125833 Male Speaker: Yeah, Debby. oRvO-cuLKM4-00342-00125833-00126602 I wanted to -- Debby -- Gail [laughs] -- I'm flanked here by both -- what about the trial oRvO-cuLKM4-00343-00126602-00127226 design, which is interesting to me and it has been reviewed and obviously been considered oRvO-cuLKM4-00344-00127226-00127523 well-done and you're getting funded. oRvO-cuLKM4-00345-00127523-00127823 The issue is the following: so you have apparently double-blind, right? oRvO-cuLKM4-00346-00127823-00128376 You have the physician and the patient until the first return visit. oRvO-cuLKM4-00347-00128376-00128483 And then the physician must -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00348-00128483-00128733 Gail Jarvik: The physician knows but the patient doesn't oRvO-cuLKM4-00349-00128733-00128861 know until the return visit. oRvO-cuLKM4-00350-00128861-00129482 The physician knows before, does not know until they're done dictating -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00351-00129482-00129582 Male Speaker: Right. oRvO-cuLKM4-00352-00129582-00129682 Gail Jarvik: -- the note from the first visit but does oRvO-cuLKM4-00353-00129682-00129983 know before the second visit so that they can appropriately counsel. oRvO-cuLKM4-00354-00129983-00130258 Male Speaker: Does the physician know that a patient is oRvO-cuLKM4-00355-00130258-00130509 in the study but does not get exome? oRvO-cuLKM4-00356-00130509-00130609 Gail Jarvik: Yes. oRvO-cuLKM4-00357-00130609-00130866 Male Speaker: So doesn't that introduce a bias? oRvO-cuLKM4-00358-00130866-00131314 Gail Jarvik: The -- you know, we're -- this -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00359-00131314-00131445 Male Speaker: Because if the physician knows that this is oRvO-cuLKM4-00360-00131445-00132095 a patient in the study but does not get exome, would the physician's behavior be altered oRvO-cuLKM4-00361-00132095-00132614 just by the fact that the physician knows that this patient is in a study where standard oRvO-cuLKM4-00362-00132614-00132890 of care is compared with a standard of care plus exome? oRvO-cuLKM4-00363-00132890-00132990 Gail Jarvik: Right. oRvO-cuLKM4-00364-00132990-00133460 So the standard of care is actually pretty well set in our clinic. oRvO-cuLKM4-00365-00133460-00133689 We really do use the algorithm that I showed. oRvO-cuLKM4-00366-00133689-00134241 However, you know, I would, we did actually discuss this, and, you know, and that's why oRvO-cuLKM4-00367-00134241-00134744 we wanted them to dictate their first note with what their plan was before we gave them oRvO-cuLKM4-00368-00134744-00134920 the results. oRvO-cuLKM4-00369-00134920-00135482 But they should really be following the algorithm but not everyone does, I concede. oRvO-cuLKM4-00370-00135482-00135938 So -- and then, you know what Dave Beenster would say, I guess, is since we're just, you oRvO-cuLKM4-00371-00135938-00136409 know, we're making the comparison within our arm, even if people behave a little differently oRvO-cuLKM4-00372-00136409-00136816 they still don't have the exome and so that's the direct contrast we're making. oRvO-cuLKM4-00373-00136816-00137207 So we're trying to minimize it, we can't get rid of it completely, but he thinks within oRvO-cuLKM4-00374-00137207-00137394 the economics that we're safe. oRvO-cuLKM4-00375-00137394-00137494 So. oRvO-cuLKM4-00376-00137494-00137740 Male Speaker: It seem that, you know, you could go one step oRvO-cuLKM4-00377-00137740-00138144 further and sequence the whole genome, you know, there are going to be a lot of instances oRvO-cuLKM4-00378-00138144-00138733 of promoter mutations or alterations, you know, so, especially when you're involving oRvO-cuLKM4-00379-00138733-00139004 patients where you could get an answer -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00380-00139004-00139104 Gail Jarvik: [affirmative] oRvO-cuLKM4-00381-00139104-00139204 Male Speaker: -- you know, more completely, wouldn't that oRvO-cuLKM4-00382-00139204-00139304 be a consideration? oRvO-cuLKM4-00383-00139304-00139404 Gail Jarvik: Right. oRvO-cuLKM4-00384-00139404-00140072 And so we talked about that and it really was a cost issue that, in order to be reasonably oRvO-cuLKM4-00385-00140072-00140424 pared for this study we felt we needed to get 220 people. oRvO-cuLKM4-00386-00140424-00140852 To do a genome just wasn't cost-effective. oRvO-cuLKM4-00387-00140852-00141299 It wouldn't surprise me if we end up crossing over to a genome during the course of the oRvO-cuLKM4-00388-00141299-00141399 study. oRvO-cuLKM4-00389-00141399-00141824 We'll have to do that carefully, but as the costs drop we may -- that, you know, I would oRvO-cuLKM4-00390-00141824-00141999 prefer that, to be honest. oRvO-cuLKM4-00391-00141999-00142420 But I think an exome will get us most of the way we need to go but I agree it won't get oRvO-cuLKM4-00392-00142420-00142585 us all the way. oRvO-cuLKM4-00393-00142585-00142805 So it's just sample size versus technology. oRvO-cuLKM4-00394-00142805-00143224 Female Speaker: Further comments for Debby? oRvO-cuLKM4-00395-00143224-00143435 Oh, for Gail? oRvO-cuLKM4-00396-00143435-00143535 [laughter] oRvO-cuLKM4-00397-00143535-00143644 [talking simultaneously] oRvO-cuLKM4-00398-00143644-00143990 Gail Jarvik: I would say the one thing I should've said oRvO-cuLKM4-00399-00143990-00144328 for opportunities to interact, the one thing we're not doing because we couldn't afford oRvO-cuLKM4-00400-00144328-00144826 it which I would love to do is collect tissue on these patients at the same time. oRvO-cuLKM4-00401-00144826-00145405 So if anyone wants to help us support that, I think it would be really, really interesting. oRvO-cuLKM4-00402-00145405-00145765 Male Speaker: Are you archiving? oRvO-cuLKM4-00403-00145765-00145865 Gail Jarvik: Sorry? oRvO-cuLKM4-00404-00145865-00145965 Female Speaker: Are you archiving -- what? oRvO-cuLKM4-00405-00145965-00146065 Male Speaker: Tissues. oRvO-cuLKM4-00406-00146065-00146270 Gail Jarvik: That, you know, we're going to try but we oRvO-cuLKM4-00407-00146270-00146545 don't have any budget for it, so. oRvO-cuLKM4-00408-00146545-00146751 Female Speaker: Okay. oRvO-cuLKM4-00409-00146751-00146958 Gail Jarvik: Yeah? oRvO-cuLKM4-00410-00146958-00147714 Male Speaker: Yeah, on the CLIA question, I can tell you oRvO-cuLKM4-00411-00147714-00148554 about the conversations that we've had sitting in a room full of NCI people with the [unintelligible] oRvO-cuLKM4-00412-00148554-00148757 -- not with the [unintelligible], the CMS people. oRvO-cuLKM4-00413-00148757-00149188 And they said absolutely not, that you, in other words, you face -- we've discussed with oRvO-cuLKM4-00414-00149188-00149483 them whether we could write as eligibility criteria for research protocols -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00415-00149483-00149583 Gail Jarvik: [affirmative] oRvO-cuLKM4-00416-00149583-00149811 Male Speaker: -- having to test positive on a, in some sort oRvO-cuLKM4-00417-00149811-00149911 of biomarker. oRvO-cuLKM4-00418-00149911-00150011 And they said absolutely not if it's not a CLIA laboratory. oRvO-cuLKM4-00419-00150011-00150172 Gail Jarvik: Right, so if you intend to return it and use oRvO-cuLKM4-00420-00150172-00150741 it for any kind of clinical use, including enrollment in a study, I think everyone agrees oRvO-cuLKM4-00421-00150741-00150882 that needs to be CLIA-certified. oRvO-cuLKM4-00422-00150882-00151351 I think the real question is, when I pull my eMERGE sample out of the freezer and it's oRvO-cuLKM4-00423-00151351-00151861 been sitting in the freezer for 20 years, and the subject's not consented for return oRvO-cuLKM4-00424-00151861-00152282 of results because no one even thought about it then, and I find something they actually oRvO-cuLKM4-00425-00152282-00152763 should know -- you know, it's not like I can call them back and ask for a new blood sample oRvO-cuLKM4-00426-00152763-00153113 to run in a CLIA lab without telling them why I'm doing that. oRvO-cuLKM4-00427-00153113-00153275 So can I, in that case, do it? oRvO-cuLKM4-00428-00153275-00153828 I will say, as a practicing clinical geneticist, that we see patients frequently who have come oRvO-cuLKM4-00429-00153828-00154263 in and they say, "This is my result from a research study, now they say I need the test." oRvO-cuLKM4-00430-00154263-00154508 And we run it in a CLIA lab, the same test. oRvO-cuLKM4-00431-00154508-00154828 CMS does not like that at all. oRvO-cuLKM4-00432-00154828-00155309 But the, if you look at the CLIA law, it says very specifically there's a research exemption, oRvO-cuLKM4-00433-00155309-00155627 but that they cannot be used for clinical care. oRvO-cuLKM4-00434-00155627-00156196 So some people, but not everyone, think that if you take the research test, you can return oRvO-cuLKM4-00435-00156196-00156627 it, but then you have to get a CLIA test before you provide care to the patient based on that oRvO-cuLKM4-00436-00156627-00156727 test. oRvO-cuLKM4-00437-00156727-00156827 Not everyone agrees. oRvO-cuLKM4-00438-00156827-00157198 And so that's what we're trying to resolve, but it's never been legally tested. oRvO-cuLKM4-00439-00157198-00157522 So actually George Church's [spelled phonetically] attorney wrote up a whole nice legal opinion oRvO-cuLKM4-00440-00157522-00157755 of this for us which I'll be happy to shoot over to you. oRvO-cuLKM4-00441-00157755-00157855 Female Speaker: Okay. oRvO-cuLKM4-00442-00157855-00157955 We have to, we have to -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00443-00157955-00158055 Gail Jarvik: Okay. oRvO-cuLKM4-00444-00158055-00158155 Female Speaker: -- finish. oRvO-cuLKM4-00445-00158155-00158255 Maybe this is a good topic for a breakout group. oRvO-cuLKM4-00446-00158255-00158355 Gail Jarvik: All right. oRvO-cuLKM4-00447-00158355-00158455 Female Speaker: So -- oRvO-cuLKM4-00448-00158455-00158456 Gail Jarvik: Thanks. oTxGGxu5vt0-00000-00000000-00000200 There was a little thing that happened. oaytS6JTMcI-00000-00000000-00000648 [FREE] Lil Uzi Vert x Future Type Beat 'We Both Hi3h' Free Trap Beats 2019 - Rap/Trap Instrumental ody73LbGuAA-00000-00000048-00000696 my new promotion guide now has over 5 000 views all because of promotion, ody73LbGuAA-00001-00000696-00001320 and it may end up with about 7 000 views, assuming that we actually stopped adding the links. ody73LbGuAA-00002-00001376-00001848 they wouldn't completely stop, though, since there are several videos on the rise, ody73LbGuAA-00003-00001848-00002640 but we don't know what will happen next. it may end up with no more views after a long time. oegaFc6LrMu-00000-00000024-00000522 Are the storms raging where you are? What has the adversary got up his sleeves this time around, oegaFc6LrMu-00001-00000522-00001068 you may be wondering? Does it seem like everything you've built is disintegrating right before your oegaFc6LrMu-00002-00001068-00001716 eyes? Indeed, the storms may be raging and the odds may seem to be against you. But rest in oegaFc6LrMu-00003-00001716-00002382 this truth, that you will have the last laugh. In the spiritual realm, things may be very different oegaFc6LrMu-00004-00002382-00003042 from what you see in the natural, I can assure you. Your adversary does not waste his ammunition oegaFc6LrMu-00005-00003042-00003690 on unimportant things or circumstances. So, if you are the target of his assault, oegaFc6LrMu-00006-00003750-00004146 then know that there are on-going conversations concerning you in the spirit. oegaFc6LrMu-00007-00004212-00004764 God is about to do something that has attracted his attention. Nothing happens in a vacuum. oegaFc6LrMu-00008-00004764-00005682 And life is very much spiritual. So, embrace the truth of the reality of the spirituality of life, oegaFc6LrMu-00009-00005748-00006330 and walk in the consciousness of that truth. We get to know God better and experience His oegaFc6LrMu-00010-00006330-00007062 power the most in our difficulties and crises. George Mueller is quoted to have said once that, oegaFc6LrMu-00011-00007062-00007776 "To learn strong faith is to endure great trials. I have learned my faith by standing oegaFc6LrMu-00012-00007776-00008568 firm amid severe testing." Faith for me is simply knowing God and His character experientially. oegaFc6LrMu-00013-00008634-00009186 A wise man once said that "a person who has an experience is never at the mercy of the one who oegaFc6LrMu-00014-00009186-00009786 only has an argument." You get to experience the awesome power of God the most when the odds oegaFc6LrMu-00015-00009786-00010344 are against you. So, consider this fact when you begin to feel helpless, so you don't lose hope. oegaFc6LrMu-00016-00010410-00011076 You see, no matter what the devil does in the natural realm; no matter how he shakes himself oegaFc6LrMu-00017-00011076-00011724 and causes trouble; the final word always belongs to God. If you know this truth, oegaFc6LrMu-00018-00011724-00012258 then your faith and dependence upon God will cause Him to step in for you at the appropriate time, oegaFc6LrMu-00019-00012258-00012960 because without faith, the Bible says you cannot please Him. The one question you need to ask oegaFc6LrMu-00020-00012960-00013758 yourself in your difficulty, if you can, is this: is God still on the throne? If He is, then your oegaFc6LrMu-00021-00013758-00014511 situation should not move you, unless and until it can move Him. The Bible says in Psalm 119:89-91, oegaFc6LrMu-00022-00014682-00015390 "Forever, O LORD, Your word is settled in heaven. Your faithfulness endures to all generations; oegaFc6LrMu-00023-00015390-00016074 You established the earth, and it abides. They continue this day according to Your ordinances, oegaFc6LrMu-00024-00016152-00016824 for all are Your servants." Life can be tough depending on what you focus your attention on. oegaFc6LrMu-00025-00016878-00017358 But that is why the Lord gives us His word as an assurance that we have as our Father oegaFc6LrMu-00026-00017358-00017988 the One who holds life itself in His hands. So, fix your eyes on Him instead through His word, oegaFc6LrMu-00027-00018048-00018630 which is able to bring you the deliverance you seek, because the word of God is alive and active. oegaFc6LrMu-00028-00018630-00019608 The Psalmist says again in Psalm 119:92, "Unless Your law had been my delight, I would then have oegaFc6LrMu-00029-00019608-00020466 perished in my affliction." How spiritually strong you will be will be dependent on the quality of oegaFc6LrMu-00030-00020466-00020988 the word of God in you. Because God's word and God are One. That's why Jesus is the Word of God. oegaFc6LrMu-00031-00021060-00021648 What I am saying here, I had to learn the hard way. The devil always has a field day oegaFc6LrMu-00032-00021648-00022254 with believers who are light on God's word. Even Jesus the Word of God had to engage the oegaFc6LrMu-00033-00022254-00022854 written word when the enemy came knocking on His door in Matthew 4. So, you don't have a chance oegaFc6LrMu-00034-00022854-00023376 without having God's word readily available to you and also completely trusting what it oegaFc6LrMu-00035-00023376-00024024 says by putting it into practice. The Bible is your best friend; so, treat it as such. oegaFc6LrMu-00036-00024096-00024594 If you will not be swayed by your problems, then Scripture should be your food, oegaFc6LrMu-00037-00024594-00025296 and prayer should be your water. It is difficult to contend with your adversary in your flesh. oegaFc6LrMu-00038-00025350-00025764 Indeed, you stand no a chance against him in the flesh. But, oegaFc6LrMu-00039-00025764-00026382 if you can take your spiritual walk in Christ seriously, then the Spirit of glory will give oegaFc6LrMu-00040-00026382-00026826 you a mighty and glorious deliverance which will you leave you speechless, accompanied oegaFc6LrMu-00041-00026826-00027306 by compensations and blessings depending on your attitude during those difficult times. oegaFc6LrMu-00042-00027408-00028098 So, the Apostle Paul gleefully advises us in Philippians 4:1, "Therefore, my beloved and oegaFc6LrMu-00043-00028098-00029016 longed-for brethren, my joy and crown, so stand fast in the Lord, beloved." It takes strength to oegaFc6LrMu-00044-00029016-00029442 withstand difficulties, especially those that appear to go beyond our tolerance threshold. oegaFc6LrMu-00045-00029550-00030054 Strength to persevere through the crises that drain us can only come from the Spirit. oegaFc6LrMu-00046-00030132-00030762 And the Spirit of God works effectively through His word. So again, the word of God is key. It oegaFc6LrMu-00047-00030762-00031283 cannot be emphasized enough. Courage and strength that propel us forward despite oegaFc6LrMu-00048-00031283-00031980 whatever difficult situations we may be facing are Spirit empowered through knowledge. So, the Bible oegaFc6LrMu-00049-00031980-00033192 says in 1 Corinthians 16:13, "Watch, stand fast in the faith, be brave, be strong." If the word oegaFc6LrMu-00050-00033192-00033756 of God directs us to be strong and brave, then that is exactly what you need to carry you through oegaFc6LrMu-00051-00033756-00034452 until deliverance comes from Him. Never ever in your life contemplate giving up. No matter what oegaFc6LrMu-00052-00034452-00035046 you go through, don't ever give up. In the end, the word will speak and the results will show. oegaFc6LrMu-00053-00035148-00035658 I know firsthand that tough situations can take a serious toll on people who focus on them. oegaFc6LrMu-00054-00035724-00036120 Difficult situations can sometimes present a gloomy picture. oegaFc6LrMu-00055-00036204-00036750 But we know that our Savior invariably shows up in the end in order to turn our dead situations oegaFc6LrMu-00056-00036750-00037290 around for our good and for His glory, when it feels like we have come to the end of our road. oegaFc6LrMu-00057-00037386-00037926 The kingdom we have is a kingdom that has its roots in perseverance and endurance. oegaFc6LrMu-00058-00038010-00038568 All the men and women of renown in Bible times had this persevering spirit that allowed them oegaFc6LrMu-00059-00038568-00039168 to take hold of their salvation and the promises made to them. May we follow in their footsteps. oegaFc6LrMu-00060-00039168-00039870 Even our Savior Jesus Christ is a prime example of that persevering spirit. His life can be summed oegaFc6LrMu-00061-00039870-00040458 up in this one word: FOCUS. He was focused on the goal ahead of Him which was to do the will oegaFc6LrMu-00062-00040458-00041040 of His Father and to finish His work, so much so that no matter the distractions the Pharisees and oegaFc6LrMu-00063-00041040-00041532 the Scribes of His day devised and threw at Him, He did not allow Himself to be affected by them. oegaFc6LrMu-00064-00041610-00042198 Imagine being Jesus with all the controversies that surrounded His ministry? He could have oegaFc6LrMu-00065-00042198-00042696 thrown up His hands in the air and given up, and it would have been understandable given all the oegaFc6LrMu-00066-00042696-00043374 hatred they felt for Him. But He stood firm with His focus on the One who sent Him. The Bible says oegaFc6LrMu-00067-00043374-00043980 in Hebrews 12:3, "For consider Him who endured such hostility from sinners against Himself, oegaFc6LrMu-00068-00044052-00044670 lest you become weary and discouraged in your souls." I believe strongly that we can overcome oegaFc6LrMu-00069-00044670-00045222 every situation through Him, if we focus on Him through the word of God. We need understanding oegaFc6LrMu-00070-00045222-00045804 on the nature and character of God and what to do to have proper fellowship with Him. If we can get oegaFc6LrMu-00071-00045804-00046338 this right, then we can have peace in every situation, even in the most difficult ones. oegaFc6LrMu-00072-00046392-00047088 The Apostle Paul exclaimed in Philippians 4:13 in confidence, "I can do all things through Christ oegaFc6LrMu-00073-00047088-00047724 who strengthens me." Why could he make such a claim? Because he knew the character of God. oegaFc6LrMu-00074-00047790-00048390 Now, let me say this. If you know the character of God, then you understand that meekness is at oegaFc6LrMu-00075-00048390-00048864 the root of every successful and fruitful engagement with Him. In fact, it is the oegaFc6LrMu-00076-00048864-00049392 only soil in which all the graces and gifts of God take root and flourish. Never forget it. oegaFc6LrMu-00077-00049446-00050076 Therefore, in all your difficulties, remember always God's character, but be quick also to oegaFc6LrMu-00078-00050076-00050646 remember that we are nothing in ourselves without Him. God is everything. We are only vessels for oegaFc6LrMu-00079-00050646-00051210 His use. So, let's avail ourselves for Him to demonstrate His power and might through oegaFc6LrMu-00080-00051210-00051762 us. And one of the ways to do this is through complete reliance on Him in times of difficulties. oegaFc6LrMu-00081-00051816-00052404 Let your problems cause you to abandon yourself on Him as you await His deliverance; and the Bible oegaFc6LrMu-00082-00052404-00053082 says that, that kind of faith is well pleasing to Him. Trying to fight your battles without God's oegaFc6LrMu-00083-00053082-00053754 help and input is a sure sign of pride. It says, "I can do okay without Your help." That's surely oegaFc6LrMu-00084-00053754-00054462 a recipe for disgrace and shame. It is God who is on the throne, not any of us. He is the judge of oegaFc6LrMu-00085-00054462-00055044 all flesh, so before we take any step to solve our issues, why don't we first find out what oegaFc6LrMu-00086-00055044-00055529 He says in His word concerning what we are going through and how to respond to them appropriately? oegaFc6LrMu-00087-00055602-00056129 This is how you show that you trust Him completely, and that you stand unwavering oegaFc6LrMu-00088-00056129-00056562 in your faith on His word for deliverance, even in the face of contrary evidence. oegaFc6LrMu-00089-00056652-00057186 In fact, contrary evidences in this kingdom by their nature are always susceptible to change, oegaFc6LrMu-00090-00057186-00057822 depending on the faith of the saints; and they will eventually in your case, if you don't give oegaFc6LrMu-00091-00057822-00058379 up. Believe that in the end, the situation will turn around, and you will see that everything oegaFc6LrMu-00092-00058379-00058979 had been working for your good all the while. God does not permit crises if they are not going to oegaFc6LrMu-00093-00058979-00059646 produce something good in the end for His people. If you can take it, even in death, there is always oegaFc6LrMu-00094-00059646-00060348 a great reward awaiting those who die unjustly. So, focus on God, as you stand firm until the end, oegaFc6LrMu-00095-00060348-00060738 all the while engaging the Scriptures and believing for your deliverance or whatever it is oegaFc6LrMu-00096-00060738-00061284 you are believing God for. And if you faint not, in the end He will surely bring you to your goal. oegaFc6LrMu-00097-00061284-00061914 This is why the Apostle Paul could so confidently say in Romans 8:28, "And we know that all things oegaFc6LrMu-00098-00061914-00062400 work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His oegaFc6LrMu-00099-00062400-00063048 purpose." The good in every seemingly negative situation will always be seen from hindsight. oegaFc6LrMu-00100-00063048-00063605 But your ability to endure until the time is the thing you must train yourself through the word oegaFc6LrMu-00101-00063605-00064212 and through the Spirit to desire and master. God's timetable is always very different from oegaFc6LrMu-00102-00064212-00064788 ours. That is why endurance and perseverance are very critical in times of waiting. So, oegaFc6LrMu-00103-00064788-00065262 the Lord Jesus says it is our ability to endure until the end that qualifies us for deliverance oegaFc6LrMu-00104-00065262-00066264 in Matthew 24:13. He says, "But he who endures to the end shall be saved." It is my fervent hope oegaFc6LrMu-00105-00066264-00066888 that we can through the Spirit of Christ persevere in these end times, so that in all that we face, oegaFc6LrMu-00106-00066888-00067572 we may stand in the end victorious through Him who gives us the victory. Let's allow God to do oegaFc6LrMu-00107-00067572-00068196 what only He can do in our lives, as a testimony to those who wished evil for us; and through that, oegaFc6LrMu-00108-00068196-00068724 pray that they also come to know Christ the Giver of life for themselves. God bless you. oegaFc6LrMu-00109-00068724-00069366 May the Lord engrace us with the endurance and perseverance we need for the tough times oegaFc6LrMu-00110-00069366-00069870 we face in life. May we be assured of the goodness of our God, who never allows any oegaFc6LrMu-00111-00069870-00070338 evil come against us without fully being recompensed by His generous Holy Spirit. oegaFc6LrMu-00112-00070440-00070980 May we hold onto our faith in all situations, even if they give off a very bleak and dire outlook, oegaFc6LrMu-00113-00070980-00071370 because that is when God shows up in His awesome might and power, oegaFc6LrMu-00114-00071424-00072084 so that we can take hold of His promises to us. In Jesus' Mighty name. Amen. ofbPh4xjQ7y-00000-00000000-00000200 https://debbidachinger.com/visiblevisionaries ofbPh4xjQ7y-00001-00387012-00387212 rebeccadawson.net oismDc3B4gM-00000-00000000-00000200 usdcad oic7vWTyPEE-00000-00000000-00000886 one day you realise that there are things that happen that you can't change oic7vWTyPEE-00001-00001186-00001504 hi guys, and welcome to this new video oic7vWTyPEE-00002-00001504-00001973 I start saying that this video was not in program doing it oic7vWTyPEE-00003-00002020-00002264 I would have want to speak about something else, actually oic7vWTyPEE-00004-00002264-00002712 but certain things happened, that I needed to do this video oic7vWTyPEE-00005-00002712-00003465 it is a video about Japan, but with a lot of my personal thoughts, regarding my life in general oic7vWTyPEE-00006-00003524-00004150 what should I say? I wanted to speak about Japanese tv oic7vWTyPEE-00007-00004150-00004814 I found very funny sketches on Japanese tv oic7vWTyPEE-00008-00004814-00005104 and I wanted to share them with you oic7vWTyPEE-00009-00005104-00005636 I took my list and chose the first program oic7vWTyPEE-00010-00005646-00005938 and I watched some videos on YouTube oic7vWTyPEE-00011-00005994-00006870 in this program that I chose there were old people that registered a video regarding themselves oic7vWTyPEE-00012-00006872-00007208 giving advise in how to live their lives oic7vWTyPEE-00013-00007208-00007531 usually this program is very funny oic7vWTyPEE-00014-00007654-00008095 there was a book scholar that ended up reading 80.000 books oic7vWTyPEE-00015-00008095-00008540 and he gave the advise in reading Playboy oic7vWTyPEE-00016-00008926-00009262 (in your live you'll read about 80.000 books) oic7vWTyPEE-00017-00009262-00009586 (you the one that celebrates the 20th Birthday) oic7vWTyPEE-00018-00009676-00010368 (I would like to tel you which book you should read first) oic7vWTyPEE-00019-00010730-00011054 (I'm talking about Playboy) oic7vWTyPEE-00020-00011464-00012028 there was a man that had very high impulses oic7vWTyPEE-00021-00012044-00012746 and he gave the advise that looking at girls when they're at the Onsen is not the best thing, because you can get in trouble oic7vWTyPEE-00022-00012819-00013141 (Kouchi this is you at age 80) oic7vWTyPEE-00023-00013172-00013469 (you're currently fine) oic7vWTyPEE-00024-00013494-00014041 (I know that you have a big interest in women) oic7vWTyPEE-00025-00014112-00014526 (one day you will go to the public baths / Onsen) oic7vWTyPEE-00026-00014526-00014886 (and you would do a thing that you shouldn't do) oic7vWTyPEE-00027-00014997-00015108 (PEEK) oic7vWTyPEE-00028-00015246-00015882 I found this program always so fun to watch oic7vWTyPEE-00029-00015906-00016041 but ... oic7vWTyPEE-00030-00016134-00016996 I found this particular video that let me without words oic7vWTyPEE-00031-00017012-00017530 ehm, I don't know how to explain, you should watch the video before oic7vWTyPEE-00032-00017620-00018460 I don't know you but after watching it for the first time I cried and also the second time that I watched it oic7vWTyPEE-00033-00018504-00018704 it's a really touching story oic7vWTyPEE-00034-00018704-00019438 I'll add the subtitles and let me know what you think oic7vWTyPEE-00035-00019508-00020018 (23 years old Taka-chan, it's you at age 77) oic7vWTyPEE-00036-00020236-00020476 (your wedding will be decided by your parents) oic7vWTyPEE-00037-00020488-00020706 (your husband is positive about it) oic7vWTyPEE-00038-00020706-00021046 (but you'll not be that happy actually about this decision) oic7vWTyPEE-00039-00021188-00021418 (once you're married) oic7vWTyPEE-00040-00021418-00021898 (your husband would tell you that even if he reborn, he would still marry you) oic7vWTyPEE-00041-00021898-00022048 (but you don't want to) oic7vWTyPEE-00042-00022224-00022472 (10 years ago, my husband) oic7vWTyPEE-00043-00022530-00022678 (he went out for a walk) oic7vWTyPEE-00044-00022762-00022938 (but never came back) oic7vWTyPEE-00045-00023092-00023288 (he had a heart attack) oic7vWTyPEE-00046-00023404-00023578 (from that day on) oic7vWTyPEE-00047-00023750-00023962 (I lived always with the regret) oic7vWTyPEE-00048-00023996-00024320 (every day I pray for him in-front of the altar) oic7vWTyPEE-00049-00024468-00024686 (and I always sing the song Sakamoko Fuyumi oic7vWTyPEE-00050-00025108-00025438 (I fell in love with you again) oic7vWTyPEE-00051-00025720-00026102 (in a more deeper way than before) oic7vWTyPEE-00052-00026242-00026698 (can I fall in love with you again) oic7vWTyPEE-00053-00027252-00027448 (with my heart) oic7vWTyPEE-00054-00027704-00027910 (when he will tell you) oic7vWTyPEE-00055-00027972-00028495 ("also in the next life I want to be with you") oic7vWTyPEE-00056-00028812-00029118 (the next time tell him, me too) oic7vWTyPEE-00057-00029118-00029318 (I beg you) oic7vWTyPEE-00058-00030895-00031410 you understand that the decision to marry him was made by her parents oic7vWTyPEE-00059-00031418-00031706 in Japan it was common oic7vWTyPEE-00060-00031706-00032466 her husband was positive about that, but she wasn't oic7vWTyPEE-00061-00032577-00033286 (telling the same story again) oic7vWTyPEE-00062-00036394-00036702 (retelling the same things that happened in the video) oic7vWTyPEE-00063-00039716-00040108 I don't know why this story touched me so deeply oic7vWTyPEE-00064-00040108-00040704 very often we don't realise how important it is to live the moment oic7vWTyPEE-00065-00040704-00041164 we don't realise how happy we are in certain moments oic7vWTyPEE-00066-00041226-00041840 there are soo many beautiful things about life, that we don't realise oic7vWTyPEE-00067-00041872-00042720 I watched that video and on the same day I popped up on an article that talked about that argument oic7vWTyPEE-00068-00042744-00043452 and I also received a message from my mum that day, where she told me that she misses me oic7vWTyPEE-00069-00043452-00043848 I've read some old chats of us on the phone oic7vWTyPEE-00070-00043970-00044404 it's funny because my mum sends me always nice messages with a lot of emojis oic7vWTyPEE-00071-00044404-00044736 and i respond to her after days only with three words oic7vWTyPEE-00072-00044806-00045106 and I feel bad about that thing now oic7vWTyPEE-00073-00045106-00045352 because sometimes ... oic7vWTyPEE-00074-00045386-00045648 you basically live your life oic7vWTyPEE-00075-00045808-00046284 with the fact that there is always someone oic7vWTyPEE-00076-00046284-00046564 that waits for your return, for a visit oic7vWTyPEE-00077-00046564-00047698 and you take it for granted...you don't realise how lucky you are having parents/family/friends that wait for you oic7vWTyPEE-00078-00047712-00047880 and that love you oic7vWTyPEE-00079-00047880-00048240 one day it can happen that you realise oic7vWTyPEE-00080-00048240-00048604 that things are changing oic7vWTyPEE-00081-00048604-00048900 and you can't do anything to change them oic7vWTyPEE-00082-00048900-00049332 one day you'll realise that your parents are getting older oic7vWTyPEE-00083-00049346-00049750 although you don't want to admit it, you can't change the fact oic7vWTyPEE-00084-00049762-00050112 that it's part of live, also we get old oic7vWTyPEE-00085-00050112-00050608 but no, it seems that parents don't get old oic7vWTyPEE-00086-00050626-00050940 because when we where little only we were the priority oic7vWTyPEE-00087-00050940-00051238 we asked and received help oic7vWTyPEE-00088-00051238-00051879 but when the parents get old, live turns, like a hourglass oic7vWTyPEE-00089-00051879-00052294 I'm really afraid in not being able to stop time oic7vWTyPEE-00090-00052362-00053210 I remember when I was I Japan, living. It was the year 2011 or was it 2012 ... oic7vWTyPEE-00091-00053210-00053798 my grandma died and I couldn't fly back home in Italy oic7vWTyPEE-00092-00053798-00054562 I didn't had the possibility like now to fly whenever I want, because the times where different oic7vWTyPEE-00093-00054634-00054902 so I wasn't able to fly back oic7vWTyPEE-00094-00054936-00055516 I wasn't able to partecipate at the funeral, wasn't able to stay close to my parents oic7vWTyPEE-00095-00055552-00056114 the day that my grandma passed away, my mother told me oic7vWTyPEE-00096-00056114-00056600 that my grandma had a dream, where she saw me and we talked oic7vWTyPEE-00097-00056626-00056778 I was happy about that oic7vWTyPEE-00098-00056778-00057090 because when I was a child, I was really close with my grandma, oic7vWTyPEE-00099-00057090-00057554 also close to my aunt, she's still alive so don't worry about that. My parents are also all fine and healthy oic7vWTyPEE-00100-00057594-00058022 I don't want to worry you, everyone is fine oic7vWTyPEE-00101-00058022-00058546 life is very short and every moment it can happen something oic7vWTyPEE-00102-00058814-00059176 we should be happy with the things that we have, we should appreciate them oic7vWTyPEE-00103-00059176-00059646 and let the people that you love know oic7vWTyPEE-00104-00059682-00059852 it's basically what I wanted to say oic7vWTyPEE-00105-00059914-00060334 because on day can happen, like this person in the video oic7vWTyPEE-00106-00060370-00060817 that wasn't able to enjoy the time spent with his husband. oic7vWTyPEE-00107-00060829-00061382 sorry if this video has a lot of cuts, but I'm pausing a lot oic7vWTyPEE-00108-00061432-00062000 sorry, but it's really hard talking about this theme in video oic7vWTyPEE-00109-00062014-00062308 Pasolini said that death is like the final cut of a movie oic7vWTyPEE-00110-00062308-00062520 did you ever think about that? oic7vWTyPEE-00111-00062520-00062962 give importance to every single moment, minute of your life oic7vWTyPEE-00112-00062962-00063541 basically our life is based on moments oic7vWTyPEE-00113-00063678-00064260 and we decide if our life is award winning movie or not oic7vWTyPEE-00114-00064267-00064902 and I really hope that I can achieve that, because believe me, I'm worse oic7vWTyPEE-00115-00064902-00065332 I talk a lot and I did a lot of mistakes, so you're not the only ones. oic7vWTyPEE-00116-00065358-00065668 guys, thanks for watching this video oic7vWTyPEE-00117-00065668-00066066 I really hope you can appreciate this video, also if it's a bit different oic7vWTyPEE-00118-00066518-00066828 I wanted to share my thoughts with you oic7vWTyPEE-00119-00066828-00067532 I wanted to feel closer to you, by talking about it, and maybe it's the same for you oic7vWTyPEE-00120-00067670-00067926 Thank you from Seba and see you next time. oic7vWTyPEE-00121-00068018-00068118 BYE okk0qfMoggY-00000-00000000-00000200 Bollywood Dabangg Khan Dance @Maheshwar , देखिए कैसे नाचे HUD - HUD Dabangg Salman Khan महेश्वर में okk0qfMoggY-00001-00000200-00000320 Bollywood Dabangg Khan Dance @Maheshwar , देखिए कैसे नाचे HUD - HUD Dabangg Salman Khan महेश्वर में okk0qfMoggY-00002-00000320-00000370 Bollywood Dabangg Khan Dance @Maheshwar , देखिए कैसे नाचे HUD - HUD Dabangg Salman Khan महेश्वर में okk0qfMoggY-00003-00000370-00000420 Bollywood Dabangg Khan Dance @Maheshwar , देखिए कैसे नाचे HUD - HUD Dabangg Salman Khan महेश्वर में okk0qfMoggY-00004-00000420-00000470 Bollywood Dabangg Khan Dance @Maheshwar , देखिए कैसे नाचे HUD - HUD Dabangg Salman Khan महेश्वर में okk0qfMoggY-00005-00000470-00000520 Bollywood Dabangg Khan Dance @Maheshwar , देखिए कैसे नाचे HUD - HUD Dabangg Salman Khan महेश्वर में poMiVDwOQcu-00000-00000000-00000200 hi everyone poMiVDwOQcu-00001-00000200-00000499 this is bank nifty 1 minute chart poMiVDwOQcu-00003-00003978-00006576 candle color buy candle green color sell trend red color candle poMiVDwOQcu-00005-00010330-00012093 10 minutes market reached target poMiVDwOQcu-00008-00019571-00022313 1 hour trading p3L0qYu-rkc-00000-00000600-00002120 Kylie Jenner is still yet to confirm or deny her pregnancy. However, fans are convinced that she's already given birth and it's all because of one picture. p3L0qYu-rkc-00001-00002270-00003490 The 20-year-old stayed largely out of the spotlight over Christmas, even shunning the Kardashian Christmas card. p3L0qYu-rkc-00002-00003640-00005316 But while fans were disappointed that she didn't make an eagerly-anticipated announcement on Day 25, they do think that her family's pose in the shot drops some big clues. p3L0qYu-rkc-00003-00005466-00007226 'Half of the Christmas card are looking at something. They're looking at Kylie Jenner holding that baby, I'm telling you,' wrote one fan, who's convinced the reality star has already given birth. p3L0qYu-rkc-00004-00007376-00009162 'Kylie already had that baby. It's time to accept what you know in your heart to be true: Kylie Jenner's baby is now out in the world making more money than you will ever see in your life,' added another. p3L0qYu-rkc-00005-00009312-00010669 A third wrote: 'That's it, there it is, Kylie has already had the mf baby and she's gonna be there cradling it tomorrow I will DIE.' p3L0qYu-rkc-00006-00010819-00012013 She was believed to be due at around the same time as big sister Khloe, 33, who is six months along. p3L0qYu-rkc-00007-00012163-00013810 But a video recently emerged of her appearing to have a bump as she danced in a silver dress which was taken a year ago. Meaning, perhaps she fell pregnant yonks before Khloe. p3L0qYu-rkc-00008-00013960-00015125 And one fan claimed they've heard that she's already had a baby boy and is planning to announce it on New Year's Day. p3L0qYu-rkc-00009-00015275-00016704 'Just heard from a reliable source that Kylie Jenner already had a baby boy. Family will release news on New Years,' one tweeted. p3L0qYu-rkc-00010-00016854-00018021 Fans around the world waited in anticipation for a pregnancy announcement from Kylie on Christmas Day. p3L0qYu-rkc-00011-00018171-00019655 Social media caught fire with speculation that the youngest sister would finally announce she is expecting a baby in the Kardashian clan's Christmas Day photo. p3L0qYu-rkc-00012-00019805-00021543 When Kim Kardashian West FINALLY shared the 'Day 25' snap on - NOTHING. Once again, Kylie, 20, was conspicuously absent from the festive family photo. p3L0qYu-rkc-00013-00021693-00023436 However, Kylie DID make a rare public appearance on Christmas Day. The lip kit mogul allowed herself to be filmed on Snapchat during the Kardashian Klan's festive celebrations. p3L0qYu-rkc-00014-00023586-00025140 Appearing alongside sister Khloe - who announced this month she IS expecting - Kylie teased fans who claim she has gone into hiding to conceal a 'growing bump.' p3L0qYu-rkc-00015-00025290-00026467 'People think you weren't there last night,' said Khloe - in relation to the annual Kardashian Christmas Eve party. p3L0qYu-rkc-00016-00026617-00027907 'I was,' confirmed Kylie, though she has yet to be seen in any of the social media snaps from the star-studded event. p3L0qYu-rkc-00017-00028057-00029380 And it hasn't gone unnoticed by eagle-eyed fans that Kylie has been missing from all of the family's official holiday photographs. p3L0qYu-rkc-00018-00029530-00030860 Since December 1 Kim has been sharing photos of her family members to - with the exception of Kylie and reclusive brother Rob. p3L0qYu-rkc-00019-00031010-00032355 In the Christmas Eve snap, all of the other sisters, their children, momager Kris Jenner and grandmother MJ are all pictured. p3L0qYu-rkc-00020-00032505-00034150 Several members including Kourtney, North, MJ and Penelope are seen glaring off into the distance - which some believe is anticipating the arrival of a 'pregnant' Kylie. p3L0qYu-rkc-00021-00034300-00035537 But, when the Christmas Day picture failed to confirm speculation, fans were left deflated - and furious. p3L0qYu-rkc-00022-00035687-00037001 One user wrote 'you are kidding me' while another said 'Wft I have waited for this picture all day. Where is Kylie!?!' p3L0qYu-rkc-00023-00037151-00038601 One simply said: R U SERIOUS????' One fan rebuked Kim, writing: 'I'm so disappointed in you Kim honestly very annoyed now'. p3L0qYu-rkc-00024-00038751-00039971 This comes after sister Khloe finally shared her baby news to the delight of fans - and now all eyes are on Kylie. p3L0qYu-rkc-00025-00040121-00041682 She's yet to congratulate her big sister Khloe, 33, on social media - or make any acknowledgement of the latest addition to the Kardashian-Jenner clan. p3L0qYu-rkc-00026-00041832-00042661 And fans are desperate for her to break her silence. p59jMc0IMrI-00000-00000032-00000440 Hello everyone I am Toby the Kilted Adventurer for this special episode today we're going to p59jMc0IMrI-00001-00000440-00000787 talk about Can you wear a kilt for Halloween? p59jMc0IMrI-00002-00000874-00001148 so Can you wear a kilt for Halloween? p59jMc0IMrI-00003-00001280-00001839 disclaimer this is an entertainment channel I am not an expert on Scottish culture nor am p59jMc0IMrI-00004-00001839-00002720 I a historian so that being said I know the paint they wore in Braveheart probably wasn't authentic p59jMc0IMrI-00005-00002776-00003511 that goes back to the days of the Picts when they were holding the Romans at bay long before the p59jMc0IMrI-00006-00003511-00003992 Scots ever fought the English but anyway Can you wear a kilt for Halloween? that's what's p59jMc0IMrI-00007-00003992-00004640 important today so I've been wearing a kilt in the woods and on the trails for many years but it p59jMc0IMrI-00008-00004640-00005328 takes a special level of confidence to wear one in public three years ago Halloween is the first time p59jMc0IMrI-00009-00005328-00006208 that I did that was it a costume...maybe? I was respectful I got a lot of compliments had a lot of p59jMc0IMrI-00010-00006208-00006895 conversations with people and it really built that confidence in me to be able to start wearing the p59jMc0IMrI-00011-00006895-00007576 kilt more often ultimately becoming the Kilted Adventurer! second thought I had is you know p59jMc0IMrI-00012-00007688-00008232 when did it become okay to tell others what they can wear anyway? I know there's opinions p59jMc0IMrI-00013-00008232-00008824 out there and cultural appropriation and those types of things I think most people p59jMc0IMrI-00014-00008824-00009376 agree that are in the kilt wearing community that if anybody wants to wear kilt they're certainly p59jMc0IMrI-00015-00009376-00009808 welcome to it's a very comfortable and practical piece of clothing I've talked about that before p59jMc0IMrI-00016-00009936-00010368 as I mentioned before wearing a kilt anytime even at Halloween really gets p59jMc0IMrI-00017-00010368-00011032 conversations going there's not a lot of folks I've run into just a few in my larger metropolitan p59jMc0IMrI-00018-00011096-00011616 area that wear kilts so it definitely helps to normalize it when you see you out and about p59jMc0IMrI-00019-00011680-00012432 even on Halloween I have seen some silly things uh you know leather costume p59jMc0IMrI-00020-00012552-00012840 I'm not going to get into all that I think it's good to be respectful p59jMc0IMrI-00021-00012928-00013528 but I'm not the kilt police you do you you enjoy yourself! finally last thought is I'm p59jMc0IMrI-00022-00013528-00014128 a live and let live kind of guy we're going to have hundreds of kids come by my house tomorrow p59jMc0IMrI-00023-00014128-00014728 I've bought over 10 bags of candy it's always a grand celebration in my neighborhood for Halloween p59jMc0IMrI-00024-00014728-00015288 we really go all out and I'm wearing my kilt I'm wearing a sporran I'm going to wear some p59jMc0IMrI-00025-00015288-00015832 Pict face paint everyone will be thinking hey what's up Braveheart! that's okay they're p59jMc0IMrI-00026-00015832-00016240 seeing a guy in a kilt, they're seeing a guy who's generous they're seeing a guy having a great time p59jMc0IMrI-00027-00016296-00016936 loving kids being there for families so yes I think you can wear a kilt for Halloween but p59jMc0IMrI-00028-00016936-00017472 if you disagree or if you want to give me your comments I would love to hear from you please go p59jMc0IMrI-00029-00017472-00018163 below in the comments have a happy Halloween be safe everyone and always...Seek Adventure! p5I9k4tE7w0-00000-00000008-00000244 Emmanuel Macron p5I9k4tE7w0-00001-00000259-00000560 is not welcome in Algeria p5I9k4tE7w0-00002-00000700-00001088 Contrary to Beirut in 2020, the Algerians did not receive Macron p5I9k4tE7w0-00003-00001116-00001296 with roses and open arms p5I9k4tE7w0-00004-00001334-00001628 Macron tried to pretend he was welcome p5I9k4tE7w0-00005-00002254-00002659 but the crowd cheered for Algeria and its independence p5I9k4tE7w0-00006-00002752-00003155 Even Macron's podium p5I9k4tE7w0-00007-00003155-00003506 bore Algeria's name written in English p5I9k4tE7w0-00008-00003944-00004349 Macron went to Algeria in search of gas p5I9k4tE7w0-00009-00004349-00004738 in light of the European energy crisis p5I9k4tE7w0-00010-00004774-00005110 But the French president denied this p5I9k4tE7w0-00011-00005110-00005593 "When I heard comments saying that the president is coming to ask for more gas, p5I9k4tE7w0-00012-00005593-00005940 nonsense. You just have to look at how things are going today. It's impossible." p5I9k4tE7w0-00013-00005940-00006328 Macron suggested that his priority was historical reconciliation p5I9k4tE7w0-00014-00006492-00006865 The two countries agreed to establish a “joint commission of historians” p5I9k4tE7w0-00015-00006865-00007345 to re-examine the archives of the colonial era p5I9k4tE7w0-00016-00007463-00007863 Macron also proposed organizing a friendly match p5I9k4tE7w0-00017-00007863-00008163 between the French and Algerian national football teams p5I9k4tE7w0-00019-00008221-00008476 A similar match was held in 2001 p5I9k4tE7w0-00020-00009009-00009332 during which the Algerians objected to the French national anthem p5I9k4tE7w0-00021-00009771-00010028 Reviewing the past in exchange for oil p5I9k4tE7w0-00022-00010121-00010435 This is Macron's proposal to Algeria p5I9k4tE7w0-00023-00010435-00010844 but without apologizing for the colonial past p7sTRNFxVxg-00000-00000076-00000664 Good morning, my name is Maria Auxiliadora Gálvez. I have been a participant to several p7sTRNFxVxg-00001-00000666-00001372 EUROPAN editions, I had the occasion to participate as a jury member p7sTRNFxVxg-00002-00001372-00002003 in Spain as well as in Europe and I have been a member of the Spanish scientific committee. p7sTRNFxVxg-00003-00002003-00002624 Well, all this has allowed me to know up close the process of this competition, p7sTRNFxVxg-00004-00002625-00003289 and well, I have to say that I have enjoyed a lot each of its phases. p7sTRNFxVxg-00005-00003289-00003946 Well, as an area for investigation, EUROPAN is absolutely necessary. It is one of the p7sTRNFxVxg-00006-00003947-00004913 few areas in which coincide, or are studied in depth, or are allowed p7sTRNFxVxg-00007-00004914-00005476 investigation, design, multidisciplinary and multi-scale. p7sTRNFxVxg-00008-00005476-00006199 I think this is very necessary. We are now in the midst of the COVID 19 crisis, you see me p7sTRNFxVxg-00009-00006199-00006993 at home, we are confined in quarantine. If all this makes us understand something, it is very p7sTRNFxVxg-00010-00006993-00007672 important to keep on transforming, imagining initiatives for our cities and for p7sTRNFxVxg-00011-00007672-00008288 our societies. Crisis make us confront change, but there are also some p7sTRNFxVxg-00012-00008288-00008928 places like EUROPAN that make these changes become an engine not as p7sTRNFxVxg-00013-00008928-00009446 a consequence of the crisis, but as a consequence of imagination and as a consequence p7sTRNFxVxg-00014-00009446-00010264 of exploring alternatives to reality. The fact that EUROPAN is specifically directed p7sTRNFxVxg-00015-00010264-00010906 to young architects or multidisciplinary groups under 40 is I think p7sTRNFxVxg-00016-00010906-00011462 of great value for this. I believe that from a certain - and I mean this with all the value p7sTRNFxVxg-00017-00011462-00012004 that these words have for me - ingenuity, innocence - or at least that is how I felt p7sTRNFxVxg-00018-00012004-00012809 during that first edition of EUROPAN 6 in which we won the prize in Córdoba - from that ingenuity p7sTRNFxVxg-00019-00012809-00013468 and innocence some incredible things are planned out, and suddenly you can sit and discuss p7sTRNFxVxg-00020-00013468-00014251 with politicians, sociologists, environmental experts, experts in mobility, etc. p7sTRNFxVxg-00021-00014251-00014520 Isn’t it? This is to say that it is not only a place in which p7sTRNFxVxg-00022-00014520-00015337 investigation and audacity are valued as up-coming alternatives, but that it also p7sTRNFxVxg-00023-00015337-00015994 puts the tools at your disposal to develop these ideas in a real way. p7sTRNFxVxg-00024-00015994-00016786 I believe that change and the most radical imagination have to be associated with p7sTRNFxVxg-00025-00016786-00017356 reality and its tools. That is very large. The question is that many times p7sTRNFxVxg-00026-00017356-00018014 societies, cities, have already very rigid frameworks, defining the way they move or p7sTRNFxVxg-00027-00018014-00018640 act. I believe this competition can break these rigid frameworks and open up possibilities. p7sTRNFxVxg-00028-00018640-00019437 Then, it is true that, in relation to the development of my professional career, in my case, p7sTRNFxVxg-00029-00019437-00020310 EUROPAN meant for sure the sustention, let's say the support for the studio for almost 10 years. This was possible thanks to the development p7sTRNFxVxg-00030-00020310-00021268 of these prized projects in Cordoba concretely. In this sense, the ideas that I discovered p7sTRNFxVxg-00031-00021268-00022031 in those early etchings made for the panels of the competition, I developed them many p7sTRNFxVxg-00032-00022031-00022687 years after, and even today, obviously metamorphosed. Many years have already passed since 2001, p7sTRNFxVxg-00033-00022687-00023470 the year in which this happened, but today I find the origin of many of my work areas in those p7sTRNFxVxg-00034-00023470-00023973 first panels submitted to EUROPAN. Well, I'd like to thank being part of this EUROPAN p7sTRNFxVxg-00035-00023973-00024651 family. I believe it is more necessary than ever so I sent you a lot of strength p7sTRNFxVxg-00036-00024651-00025207 to keep on going with everything, and I hope we can continue helping each other in this net, p7sTRNFxVxg-00037-00025207-00025341 that is EUROPAN. Thank you. pq3qsRjWFpY-00000-00000127-00000408 Why are some entrepreneurs better than others? pq3qsRjWFpY-00001-00000408-00000654 How can a company beat tough competition? pq3qsRjWFpY-00002-00000654-00001209 Many will say to succeed, you need a resource, such as a valuable patent or a famous brand name. pq3qsRjWFpY-00003-00001309-00001651 Others will recommend curbing the competition to become a monopolist. pq3qsRjWFpY-00004-00001651-00002280 This may be true, but it can’t be the whole story: Some companies started without obvious pq3qsRjWFpY-00005-00002280-00002755 resources, competed with fierce rivals, but somehow emerged on top. pq3qsRjWFpY-00006-00002755-00003384 Think about companies such as Under Armour, Wal-Mart, The Home Depot, McDonald’s, or Coca-Cola. pq3qsRjWFpY-00007-00003484-00003650 How did they succeed? pq3qsRjWFpY-00008-00003650-00004119 Strategic intelligence — says Professor Levine of the University of Texas at Dallas. pq3qsRjWFpY-00009-00004119-00004613 He and his colleagues devised laboratory experiments to measure people’s analytic skills, or pq3qsRjWFpY-00010-00004613-00005107 the ability to solve abstract problems, and strategic intelligence, or the ability to pq3qsRjWFpY-00011-00005107-00005319 imagine how others behave. pq3qsRjWFpY-00012-00005319-00005778 After assessing hundreds of participants, the researchers invited them to vie for cash pq3qsRjWFpY-00013-00005778-00006043 in an intensely competitive market. pq3qsRjWFpY-00014-00006043-00006455 All started equal, but some ended with much more cash than others. pq3qsRjWFpY-00015-00006455-00006603 Who were the best performers? pq3qsRjWFpY-00016-00006603-00007049 Those who possessed analytic skills and strategic intelligence. pq3qsRjWFpY-00017-00007049-00007603 For high performance, being smart is as important as predicting how others behave. pq3qsRjWFpY-00018-00007603-00008009 Thinking about the competition could be the overlooked ingredient in success. pq3qsRjWFpY-00019-00008009-00008271 Read the study in the Strategic Management Journal. prea7n5kR7u-00000-00000730-00002285 www.VodkaTrain.eu prea7n5kR7u-00001-00003279-00004590 www.VodkaTrain.eu prea7n5kR7u-00002-00005590-00006550 www.VodkaTrain.eu px7yzpzdTEk-00000-00000014-00000779 My name's Rachel Hynes I'm from Ayr and I work in Ayr and along the west coast of px7yzpzdTEk-00001-00000779-00001626 Scotland mainly in singing for health, in lung Health, Parkinson's, dementia and mental health px7yzpzdTEk-00002-00001626-00002216 and I'm also a practicing opera singer. I'm going to share with you today a fun warm-up px7yzpzdTEk-00003-00002216-00002760 that I like to do with all my groups and it's a call and response so I will leave some gaps px7yzpzdTEk-00004-00002760-00003440 for you to respond. Okay so we're going to start off just by feeling the beat [Music] px7yzpzdTEk-00005-00003440-00004397 this is really good for breath work, and also for the anticipation learning the px7yzpzdTEk-00006-00004397-00004927 anticipation for breathing so I would say take a breath before you sing px7yzpzdTEk-00007-00004927-00005340 "Fi Fi feye" px7yzpzdTEk-00008-00005340-00005970 "Fi feye fo Vista," px7yzpzdTEk-00009-00005970-00006343 "Comula, comula, comula vista" px7yzpzdTEk-00010-00006343-00006736 [finger click x4] px7yzpzdTEk-00011-00006736-00007127 "Oh no no, no no la vista" px7yzpzdTEk-00012-00007127-00007481 [finger click x4] px7yzpzdTEk-00013-00007481-00007901 "Enie meenie essa meenie ooh walla walla meenie" px7yzpzdTEk-00014-00007901-00008249 [finger click x4] px7yzpzdTEk-00015-00008249-00008587 "Exameenie zallameenie ooh walla wah" px7yzpzdTEk-00016-00008587-00008979 [finger click x4] px7yzpzdTEk-00017-00008979-00009536 "Beep billy oten doten bo bo badeeten doubten ssssshhhhhh" px7yzpzdTEk-00018-00009536-00009926 So the last bit by the time we get to the end everyone's just a bit px7yzpzdTEk-00019-00009926-00010262 so I'm just going to break down that last bit okay into px7yzpzdTEk-00020-00010262-00010691 two sections so it's just tip of the tongue, teeth and the lips px7yzpzdTEk-00021-00010691-00011180 "Beep billy oten doten" Repeat with me px7yzpzdTEk-00022-00011180-00012029 "Beep billy oten doten" x 2 "bo bo badeeten doubten ssssshhhhhh" px7yzpzdTEk-00023-00012029-00012804 "bo bo badeeten doubten ssssshhhhhh" x2 px7yzpzdTEk-00024-00012804-00012977 all together and px7yzpzdTEk-00025-00012977-00013475 "Beep billy oten doten bo bo badeeten doubten ssssshhhhhh" px7yzpzdTEk-00026-00013475-00013735 Let's do it a wee bit quicker px7yzpzdTEk-00027-00013768-00013848 "Fi" px7yzpzdTEk-00028-00013848-00013930 [finger click] px7yzpzdTEk-00029-00013930-00014044 "Fi feye" px7yzpzdTEk-00030-00014044-00014124 [finger click] px7yzpzdTEk-00031-00014124-00014272 "Fi feye fo" px7yzpzdTEk-00032-00014272-00014513 [finger click x2] px7yzpzdTEk-00033-00014513-00014672 "Vista" px7yzpzdTEk-00034-00014700-00015052 "Comula, comula, comula vista" px7yzpzdTEk-00035-00015052-00015400 [finger click x4] px7yzpzdTEk-00036-00015412-00015756 "Oh no no, no no la vista" px7yzpzdTEk-00037-00015756-00016109 [finger click x4] px7yzpzdTEk-00038-00016118-00016480 "Enie meenie essa meenie ooh walla walla meenie" px7yzpzdTEk-00039-00016480-00016794 [finger click x4] px7yzpzdTEk-00040-00016800-00017144 "Exameenie zallameenie ooh walla wah" px7yzpzdTEk-00041-00017144-00017488 [finger click x4] px7yzpzdTEk-00042-00017494-00017995 "Beep billy oten doten bo bo badeeten doubten ssssshhhhhh" px7yzpzdTEk-00043-00017995-00018325 [finger click x4] pxpT-DyrmE0-00000-00000298-00001010 Do you want a intro for you YouTube Chanel, website, profile video? than you need after effect otherwise Order us to make your customize intro video. We are always with you. pxPTT3mKqUk-00000-00000302-00000420 G'day guys how're going? pxPTT3mKqUk-00001-00000420-00000554 Have you got a dog or a cat pxPTT3mKqUk-00002-00000554-00000864 that needs a good reliable source of water? pxPTT3mKqUk-00003-00000864-00001042 Well check this out guys pxPTT3mKqUk-00004-00001042-00001150 It's the new water bowls pxPTT3mKqUk-00005-00001150-00001348 We're trying to keep them on board all the time pxPTT3mKqUk-00006-00001348-00001587 so we're out near your place or doing some work pxPTT3mKqUk-00007-00001588-00001836 Ask us about it and we can stick one of these in pxPTT3mKqUk-00008-00001836-00002050 We put a side tap in as well just here pxPTT3mKqUk-00009-00002050-00002212 and you know it fills itself pxPTT3mKqUk-00010-00002212-00002332 so whenever you wash it out pxPTT3mKqUk-00011-00002332-00002582 or the dogs or cats drink out of it pxPTT3mKqUk-00012-00002582-00002768 it just automatically starts to fill up pxPTT3mKqUk-00013-00002768-00002954 into the desired level pxPTT3mKqUk-00014-00002954-00003126 and they can drink it pxPTT3mKqUk-00015-00003126-00003324 Now this house we're in at the moment pxPTT3mKqUk-00016-00003324-00003458 they've got quite a small dog pxPTT3mKqUk-00017-00003458-00003650 so we've just put it up next to this ledge here pxPTT3mKqUk-00018-00003650-00003854 so the dog can walk along and have a drink pxPTT3mKqUk-00019-00003854-00004050 and so now the owners can go out and know pxPTT3mKqUk-00020-00004050-00004203 that they're never gonna run out of water pxPTT3mKqUk-00021-00004204-00004390 Before they had this little bowl that used to tip over pxPTT3mKqUk-00022-00004390-00004522 and stuff like that pxPTT3mKqUk-00023-00004522-00004614 So it's all sorted now pxPTT3mKqUk-00024-00004614-00004834 If you want of these with a new tap and flexi pxPTT3mKqUk-00025-00004834-00004980 and all the rest and stuff cut into your water main pxPTT3mKqUk-00026-00004980-00005081 by a plumber pxPTT3mKqUk-00027-00005082-00005154 Give us a call pxPTT3mKqUk-00028-00005154-00005230 Hey thanks for watching py8hg1n_QvE-00000-00000005-00000504 [P. Norvig] So, Dave, I hear you just finished a great class, CS101: Introduction to Computer Programming py8hg1n_QvE-00001-00000504-00000704 [D. Evans] Thanks, Peter, it's been a lot of fun, py8hg1n_QvE-00002-00000704-00000905 and I heard you're going to be teaching a new class that starts soon. py8hg1n_QvE-00003-00000905-00001307 [P. Norvig] That's right; I'm starting up with 212, Design of Computer Programs py8hg1n_QvE-00004-00001308-00001501 It's all about the process of design; py8hg1n_QvE-00005-00001501-00001806 how you go from an informal description of a problem py8hg1n_QvE-00006-00001806-00002200 to working code...uh...through a process of decomposition py8hg1n_QvE-00007-00002200-00002406 and how to distinguish a good design from maybe a not-so-good design. py8hg1n_QvE-00008-00002406-00002704 [D. Evans] Cool; that sounds really useful what...what students should be learning py8hg1n_QvE-00009-00002704-00003000 after 101. What's the first unit about? py8hg1n_QvE-00010-00003000-00003405 [P.Norvig] Well, first unit is actually about ranking hands in a game of poker. py8hg1n_QvE-00011-00003405-00003607 [D. Evans] Ahhh...I think I probably should learn that. py8hg1n_QvE-00012-00003607-00003905 [P. Norvig] Hmm...well, let's play. [D. Evans] Ok. py8hg1n_QvE-00013-00003905-00004503 Well, I'm going to bet...101... py8hg1n_QvE-00014-00004503-00004600 [P. Norvig] Hmm... py8hg1n_QvE-00015-00004600-00004707 [D. Evans] ...billion nanodollars. py8hg1n_QvE-00016-00004707-00005807 [P. Norvig] I'll see your 101, and I'll raise you...212. py8hg1n_QvE-00017-00005807-00006407 [D. Evans] Wow...hmm...well, I'm going to go all in. And I also want the shirt off your back. py8hg1n_QvE-00018-00006407-00006903 [P. Norvig] The shirt off my back. Well, I'm pretty confident, so I'm all in, too. What do you got? py8hg1n_QvE-00019-00006903-00007202 [D. Evans] I got three kings and two jacks. py8hg1n_QvE-00020-00007202-00007607 [P. Norvig] Ahhh... full house. Well, I got four aces, and we'll soon see py8hg1n_QvE-00021-00007607-00008004 how to program a computer to know that four aces beats a full house. py8hg1n_QvE-00022-00008004-00008202 [D. Evans] It's good you didn't want my shirt then. py8hg1n_QvE-00023-00008202-00008508 [P. Norvig] Ok, we'll see you in class. py8hg1n_QvE-00024-00008508-00009009 [CS212: The Design of Computer Programs] py8hg1n_QvE-00025-00009009-00009503 [Taught by Professor Peter Norvig] pyJqMVuf5_I-00000-00000046-00000479 "Understanding Your Religion- The Seven Major Doctrines that Define Christianity", pyJqMVuf5_I-00001-00000479-00001029 this is the fifteenth lesson in that series. Today we're going to be talking pyJqMVuf5_I-00002-00001029-00001545 about "The Sub-Doctrine of Justification." The title of this lesson is pyJqMVuf5_I-00003-00001545-00002153 "Becoming Acceptable to God." I keep reviewing over and over again pyJqMVuf5_I-00004-00002153-00002559 at the beginning because this is just a lot of material to pyJqMVuf5_I-00005-00002559-00003099 hold in your mind at once. So forgive me for that. It's important to do that so we pyJqMVuf5_I-00006-00003099-00003680 can understand each individual sub doctrine and how it fits into pyJqMVuf5_I-00007-00003680-00004212 the whole. I said that there are seven major pyJqMVuf5_I-00008-00004212-00004646 doctrines. When I got down to the fifth major doctrine, which was "The" pyJqMVuf5_I-00009-00004646-00005091 "Doctrine of Reconciliation", how God reconciles man back to Himself pyJqMVuf5_I-00010-00005091-00005826 I told you that that particular major doctrine is explained through ten sub- pyJqMVuf5_I-00011-00005826-00006296 doctrines. The first five of those sub- pyJqMVuf5_I-00012-00006296-00006906 doctrines are "The Sub-Doctrine of Election", where the Bible pyJqMVuf5_I-00013-00006906-00007415 explains how God chooses Christ. That's "The Doctrine of Election." The second sub- pyJqMVuf5_I-00014-00007415-00008015 doctrine was the one on predestination that explained the idea that God knows pyJqMVuf5_I-00015-00008015-00008592 the end result of His choice at the very beginning because He is God. He pyJqMVuf5_I-00016-00008592-00009225 knows how things are gonna work out. His choice of Christ will succeed in His pyJqMVuf5_I-00017-00009225-00009645 goal of reconciling man to Himself. That's "The Doctrine of Predestination". "The" pyJqMVuf5_I-00018-00009645-00010278 "Doctrine of Atonement" explains how God has chosen to pay for the sin of man, the pyJqMVuf5_I-00019-00010278-00010775 moral debt of man's sins through the atonement, through the payment of Christ. pyJqMVuf5_I-00020-00010775-00011154 That's what "The Sub-Doctrine of Atonement" explains pyJqMVuf5_I-00021-00011154-00011721 this vicarious exchange, an innocent life for a guilty life. pyJqMVuf5_I-00022-00011721-00012114 That's "The Doctrine of Atonement." "Sub-Doctrine of" pyJqMVuf5_I-00023-00012114-00012786 "Redemption" explains what happens because of atonement. Because of atonement God pyJqMVuf5_I-00024-00012786-00013291 frees man because the debt of our sin is now paid through Christ. That's pyJqMVuf5_I-00025-00013291-00013804 what "The Doctrine of Redemption" explains. Then the fifth sub-doctrine was "The Sub-" pyJqMVuf5_I-00026-00013804-00014362 "Doctrine of Regeneration". That explains what happens to man because he pyJqMVuf5_I-00027-00014362-00014893 is redeemed. Because he is redeemed he has now regenerated, he is now free, free pyJqMVuf5_I-00028-00014893-00015409 to live a new life. Whenever you read born-again or somebody talks about pyJqMVuf5_I-00029-00015409-00015802 born-again and someone were to say to you, what's the preacher pyJqMVuf5_I-00030-00015802-00016183 preaching about? Because he's preaching about born-again. You could pyJqMVuf5_I-00031-00016183-00016582 say he's explaining regeneration. He's finding a way to pyJqMVuf5_I-00032-00016582-00017302 preach on "The Doctrine of Regeneration". Then I said these five sub- pyJqMVuf5_I-00033-00017302-00017754 doctrines; election, predestination, atonement, Redemption, and regeneration. pyJqMVuf5_I-00034-00017754-00018460 This is the plan of salvation. When somebody says to you, what's the plan of pyJqMVuf5_I-00035-00018460-00019173 salvation? God's plan of salvation is He chose Christ and He knew that His choice pyJqMVuf5_I-00036-00019173-00019666 of Christ would succeed. Christ came to earth and died for our sins. That's pyJqMVuf5_I-00037-00019666-00020073 how our sins are taken care of. Because our sins have been taken away pyJqMVuf5_I-00038-00020073-00020679 we're free. Free from what? Free from condemnation and death. Because we pyJqMVuf5_I-00039-00020679-00021226 are free we are now free to become children of God. We regenerate. We're born pyJqMVuf5_I-00040-00021226-00021579 again. If you're saying, I'm gonna preach the pyJqMVuf5_I-00041-00021579-00021940 gospel to this person or someone said to you, tell me what the gospel... I always pyJqMVuf5_I-00042-00021940-00022300 hear the good news and always hear... What is it? This is pyJqMVuf5_I-00043-00022300-00022723 is what that is. Those five sub-doctrines, that's the plan pyJqMVuf5_I-00044-00022723-00023260 of salvation. I mentioned someone said, pyJqMVuf5_I-00045-00023260-00023656 where's baptism? There's a place for baptism and repentance, faith. pyJqMVuf5_I-00046-00023656-00024151 I've said that's the response to the plan. pyJqMVuf5_I-00047-00024151-00024538 How does man respond to God's plan? He responds with faith and repentance pyJqMVuf5_I-00048-00024538-00024898 and baptism and faithfulness. We'll get to that in a pyJqMVuf5_I-00049-00024898-00026032 minute. Then I said the next five sub-doctrines explain the plan of pyJqMVuf5_I-00050-00026032-00026850 salvation from different perspectives. The next five sub-doctrines for pyJqMVuf5_I-00051-00026850-00027762 example, explain the plan of salvation from a human perspective. pyJqMVuf5_I-00052-00027762-00028233 That's "The Sub-Doctrine of Adoption." You have "The Sub-Doctrine of" pyJqMVuf5_I-00053-00028233-00028761 "Justification." That sub-doctrine explains the plan of salvation from a legal pyJqMVuf5_I-00054-00028761-00029325 perspective. Then you have "The Sub- Doctrine of Perfection". That sub- pyJqMVuf5_I-00055-00029325-00029819 doctrine explains the plan of salvation from a heavenly perspective. Then pyJqMVuf5_I-00056-00029819-00030387 sanctification explains it from an inward perspective. Then "Doctrine of" pyJqMVuf5_I-00057-00030387-00031125 "Salvation" explains the plan from an eschatological perspective, meaning at pyJqMVuf5_I-00058-00031125-00031518 the very end of things when all is said and done, what does the plan of salvation pyJqMVuf5_I-00059-00031518-00032303 actually do? "The Doctrine of Salvation" explains the whole... pyJqMVuf5_I-00060-00032303-00033287 "The Plan of Salvation" explains it from its end. Everybody got that? pyJqMVuf5_I-00061-00033287-00033882 Last time we talked we looked at "The" pyJqMVuf5_I-00062-00033882-00034302 "Sub-Doctrine of Adoption". I said to you that "The Doctrine of Adoption" pyJqMVuf5_I-00063-00034302-00034956 explains how God has adopted us back into being His sons and daughters. pyJqMVuf5_I-00064-00034956-00035428 It explains salvation from the perspective of becoming God's children. pyJqMVuf5_I-00065-00035428-00035943 The writers explained the very same thing over and over again pyJqMVuf5_I-00066-00035943-00036616 using different metaphors, using different ideas, using different examples. pyJqMVuf5_I-00067-00036616-00037230 Those five sub-doctrines are like five different ways that the Bible pyJqMVuf5_I-00068-00037230-00037602 authors, the author is the Holy Spirit, but you know what I'm saying, five pyJqMVuf5_I-00069-00037602-00038240 different ways that the Bible writers chose to explain the plan of pyJqMVuf5_I-00070-00038240-00038809 salvation. In Ephesians 1, in Galatians 3, Romans 8, Romans 9, Paul is pyJqMVuf5_I-00071-00038809-00039521 explaining salvation using the motif of adoption. How because of reconciliation pyJqMVuf5_I-00072-00039521-00039852 we were lost, we weren't sons. pyJqMVuf5_I-00073-00039852-00040430 Because of reconciliation we now have become adopted sons and pyJqMVuf5_I-00074-00040430-00041433 daughters of God. The thing that was separating us from our Father was pyJqMVuf5_I-00075-00041433-00042245 sin. That sin is taken away by Jesus. We are now free. We're now liberated. As pyJqMVuf5_I-00076-00042245-00042695 free and spiritual living beings we are now worthy to be adopted by God to pyJqMVuf5_I-00077-00042695-00043383 become His sons and His daughters. Sinners are condemned to be punished. pyJqMVuf5_I-00078-00043383-00044087 Those people cannot become sons and daughters of God. Now we move on. pyJqMVuf5_I-00079-00044087-00044543 We're gonna look at "The Sub-Doctrine of Justification" and how this doctrine pyJqMVuf5_I-00080-00044543-00045338 explains God's plan of salvation from the perspective of the law, from a legal pyJqMVuf5_I-00081-00045338-00045941 perspective. So justification as a doctrine is pyJqMVuf5_I-00082-00045941-00046466 based primarily on the idea that God is the final judge of what is ultimately pyJqMVuf5_I-00083-00046466-00047138 right or wrong. God is the one who decides this is good and this is bad. pyJqMVuf5_I-00084-00047138-00047711 Simply by speaking it. The creation, if you read the creation pyJqMVuf5_I-00085-00047711-00048443 account, the creation remained neutral until God proclaimed that it was what? pyJqMVuf5_I-00086-00048443-00049374 Very good. It was neither good nor bad it was just there, but once God said this is pyJqMVuf5_I-00087-00049374-00050096 good then that's what gave it its moral dimension. God is the one. When God pyJqMVuf5_I-00088-00050096-00050594 said this is a good thing then that thing is good. When God said this is pyJqMVuf5_I-00089-00050594-00051186 a bad thing, no matter what man says, that thing is a bad thing. He's the one that pyJqMVuf5_I-00090-00051186-00051898 determines the moral value of everything. pyJqMVuf5_I-00091-00051898-00052449 The commandments in Exodus chapter 20, where Moses receives the pyJqMVuf5_I-00092-00052449-00052973 commandments. The commandments given in Exodus chapter 20 verse 1 pyJqMVuf5_I-00093-00052973-00053629 codified the standards that God established so that the Jews would know pyJqMVuf5_I-00094-00053629-00054224 without doubt what was good or what was bad, what was acceptable and what was not pyJqMVuf5_I-00095-00054224-00054913 acceptable. God said you should have no other gods before me. That meant pyJqMVuf5_I-00096-00054913-00055436 that worshiping a lot of different gods, that was bad. Worshiping only one God, pyJqMVuf5_I-00097-00055436-00055867 the true God, that was good. God said you don't make any images, pyJqMVuf5_I-00098-00055867-00056530 don't make any statues. Don't do that, by saying that He made the use pyJqMVuf5_I-00099-00056530-00056957 of images and statues in worship, He made that a bad pyJqMVuf5_I-00100-00056957-00057382 thing. Until then it could be argued either way. He pyJqMVuf5_I-00101-00057382-00057913 codified it. He said that's bad. Then that's bad. That's always bad. pyJqMVuf5_I-00102-00057913-00058594 Wanting your neighbor's lawn mower or a wife or car or whatever, pyJqMVuf5_I-00103-00058594-00059213 desiring, lusting after it, God said that that's bad. That is forever pyJqMVuf5_I-00104-00059213-00059920 bad. See what I'm saying? What this means is that God pyJqMVuf5_I-00105-00059920-00060548 has a right to judge because He has the wisdom to establish the rules. He has pyJqMVuf5_I-00106-00060548-00061241 the power to enforce the rules. Why do we obey the traffic laws? Why don't I just... pyJqMVuf5_I-00107-00061241-00061576 I'm driving and it's the afternoon and it's quiet and there's no pyJqMVuf5_I-00108-00061576-00061925 traffic anywhere. I can see the stop signs up ahead. I could see pyJqMVuf5_I-00109-00061925-00062348 there's no cars coming for miles. Why do I stop anyways? pyJqMVuf5_I-00110-00062348-00063079 That's the law. Why not just zip on through? Because I know if I zip pyJqMVuf5_I-00111-00063079-00063613 on through no matter if nobody's there I've broken the law. There might be a pyJqMVuf5_I-00112-00063613-00064195 helicopter up above looking down. The state establishes the pyJqMVuf5_I-00113-00064195-00064676 law. You go so what? The state also has the police to enforce the pyJqMVuf5_I-00114-00064676-00065219 law. God establishes the law and He has pyJqMVuf5_I-00115-00065219-00065966 the power to enforce the law. Now with God however, the ability to establish and pyJqMVuf5_I-00116-00065966-00066288 enforce and judge is based on His absolute pyJqMVuf5_I-00117-00066288-00066951 wisdom and power. We don't give God authority through consensus. That's pyJqMVuf5_I-00118-00066951-00067509 democracy. That's politics. We vote somebody and we give them the pyJqMVuf5_I-00119-00067509-00067839 authority to make our laws. That's the pyJqMVuf5_I-00120-00067839-00068232 system that we live in. We don't give God the authority to do anything. He pyJqMVuf5_I-00121-00068232-00068775 doesn't need us. He doesn't need our consensus. He doesn't give up any of pyJqMVuf5_I-00122-00068775-00069447 His authority, but He does reveal in His word what His standards are and a pyJqMVuf5_I-00123-00069447-00070044 guarantee that He will enforce them in judgment. Let me get to that pyJqMVuf5_I-00124-00070044-00070563 scripture. In Romans chapter 2 He says, "But because..." Paul talks about, he pyJqMVuf5_I-00125-00070563-00070923 says, "But because of your stubbornness and unrepentant heart you are storing up" pyJqMVuf5_I-00126-00070923-00071343 "wrath for yourself in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment" pyJqMVuf5_I-00127-00071343-00072042 "of God, who will render to each person according to his deeds: to those who by" pyJqMVuf5_I-00128-00072042-00072471 "perseverance in doing good seek for glory and honor and immortality, eternal" pyJqMVuf5_I-00129-00072471-00072975 "life; but to those who are selfishly ambitious and do not obey the truth, but" pyJqMVuf5_I-00130-00072975-00073788 "obey unrighteousness, wrath and indignation." God spells it out pyJqMVuf5_I-00131-00073788-00074337 very clearly. I make the rules. I make the laws. I will enforce them. pyJqMVuf5_I-00132-00074337-00074895 If you obey them you'll be rewarded. If you disobey then you will be punished. pyJqMVuf5_I-00133-00074895-00075549 "The Sub-Doctrine of Justification is looking at salvation pyJqMVuf5_I-00134-00075549-00076283 from the perspective of legality, what is right and what is wrong. pyJqMVuf5_I-00135-00076283-00077274 "The Doctrine of Justification" is explained assuming a system of absolute pyJqMVuf5_I-00136-00077274-00077889 right and wrong. In this context we start our study of "The Doctrine of" pyJqMVuf5_I-00137-00077889-00078402 "Justification". To understand justification we need pyJqMVuf5_I-00138-00078402-00078888 to first understand that it is explained against the backdrop of an pyJqMVuf5_I-00139-00078888-00079283 absolute standard of what is right and what is wrong established by an pyJqMVuf5_I-00140-00079283-00079611 all-powerful God who will judge the entire world pyJqMVuf5_I-00141-00079611-00080232 against the standard that He has established. If we understand that God pyJqMVuf5_I-00142-00080232-00080651 has established a standard and will judge all men according to that standard pyJqMVuf5_I-00143-00080651-00081257 then we will begin to understand "The Sub-Doctrine of Justification". This is the pyJqMVuf5_I-00144-00081257-00081801 ultimate reality proclaimed by the gospel and espoused by Christians. pyJqMVuf5_I-00145-00081801-00082236 When you're preaching the gospel... Remember? The plan of the gospel? pyJqMVuf5_I-00146-00082236-00082883 When you're preaching the gospel you also have to preach the idea that pyJqMVuf5_I-00147-00082883-00083529 there's such a thing as being lost. Some people say, wow, preachers pyJqMVuf5_I-00148-00083529-00083937 preaching a Hellfire and brimstone. That's pretty tough. pyJqMVuf5_I-00149-00083937-00084537 We're gonna scare people away. People don't repent pyJqMVuf5_I-00150-00084537-00084935 unless they're convicted of what they're doing, that what they're doing is wrong. pyJqMVuf5_I-00151-00084935-00085410 People don't seek salvation unless they understand that they're lost. If pyJqMVuf5_I-00152-00085410-00086069 everybody is okay what's the point? Why? There's no need for salvation. Right? pyJqMVuf5_I-00153-00086069-00086493 The problem today in our society, why it's so difficult to preach the gospel, pyJqMVuf5_I-00154-00086493-00087105 is that most people promote the idea that there is no absolute standard in pyJqMVuf5_I-00155-00087105-00087669 the Bible or anywhere. There is no right and wrong in the sense that right and pyJqMVuf5_I-00156-00087669-00088236 wrong is what right or wrong is for you personally. pyJqMVuf5_I-00157-00088236-00088611 Like that woman, I should have written her name down. She was pyJqMVuf5_I-00158-00088611-00089025 claiming that she was an African-American. She was actually pyJqMVuf5_I-00159-00089025-00089451 a white woman. She was Caucasian. Her parents were Caucasian. They had pictures pyJqMVuf5_I-00160-00089451-00089889 of her when she was a little girl, a little white girl. She grew very pyJqMVuf5_I-00161-00089889-00090452 sympathetic to the civil rights movement it seems and began working in that. pyJqMVuf5_I-00162-00090452-00090891 She began identifying with African American to the point where she began to pyJqMVuf5_I-00163-00090891-00091319 dress and fix her hair and even claim that she herself was African American. pyJqMVuf5_I-00164-00091319-00091727 Nobody was questioning her. She even got to a point where she was the leader pyJqMVuf5_I-00165-00091727-00092100 of the NAACP, one of the chapters, in one of the cities. pyJqMVuf5_I-00166-00092100-00092604 All of a sudden somebody blew the whistle on her. People were pyJqMVuf5_I-00167-00092604-00092885 saying you're not African-American. pyJqMVuf5_I-00168-00092885-00093374 You're white. I saw the interview of this woman, one-on-one pyJqMVuf5_I-00169-00093374-00093733 interview with the journalist. The journalist just came right out pyJqMVuf5_I-00170-00093733-00094310 and said to her, how do you respond to the idea that both your pyJqMVuf5_I-00171-00094310-00094868 parents are Caucasians? Their pictures of you as a little girl as a pyJqMVuf5_I-00172-00094868-00095636 little white girl with pigtails. She said, this is my pyJqMVuf5_I-00173-00095636-00096733 truth. She said, this is my truth. In other words, if I believe this is true then pyJqMVuf5_I-00174-00096733-00097405 that makes it true. She was simply spouting what decades of pyJqMVuf5_I-00175-00097405-00097979 ideology we've had here in the West. This relativism that says, what's pyJqMVuf5_I-00176-00097979-00098551 good for you is good for you, what's good for me is good for me. There are no pyJqMVuf5_I-00177-00098551-00099023 absolute standards. What's right for African Americans is right. What's right pyJqMVuf5_I-00178-00099023-00099488 for Caucasians is right. What's right for Native Americans is right. pyJqMVuf5_I-00179-00099488-00100439 The cultural morality. We get to the point where there's pyJqMVuf5_I-00180-00100439-00100933 no ultimate right or wrong. It's all relative. It gets pyJqMVuf5_I-00181-00100933-00101302 to be very difficult to preach the gospel to people because they can't be pyJqMVuf5_I-00182-00101302-00101867 convicted of any type of sin. Homosexuality, right? If it's right pyJqMVuf5_I-00183-00101867-00102293 for me, if that's the way I feel, that's how I express myself as an individual pyJqMVuf5_I-00184-00102293-00102698 then it's right. Doesn't matter what the Bible says. Doesn't pyJqMVuf5_I-00185-00102698-00103475 matter what anyone says. It's right for me. The 9/11 pyJqMVuf5_I-00186-00103475-00104134 bombings, that had a real sobering effect on the people that pyJqMVuf5_I-00187-00104134-00104549 promote this idea of relativism. What's good for you is okay. What's good for me is pyJqMVuf5_I-00188-00104549-00105140 okay. They could not condemn the people that did this without pyJqMVuf5_I-00189-00105140-00105698 violating their personal philosophy about relativism and morality, because pyJqMVuf5_I-00190-00105698-00106088 some radical Muslim would get up and say, you know pyJqMVuf5_I-00191-00106088-00106649 what? That was right for us. We consider America an enemy. They've pyJqMVuf5_I-00192-00106649-00107231 been harming our people. We have a historical claim against pyJqMVuf5_I-00193-00107231-00107663 America because we blame them or we blame the West for a lot of our problems. pyJqMVuf5_I-00194-00107663-00108089 These men, these martyrs, they're justified in what they're doing pyJqMVuf5_I-00195-00108089-00108515 because this was right for us. I want to tell you all the relativists pyJqMVuf5_I-00196-00108515-00109091 here in the United States, they started thinking, this pyJqMVuf5_I-00197-00109091-00109478 horrible thing, these innocent people that were murdered for somebody's pyJqMVuf5_I-00198-00109478-00110132 ideology, they couldn't quite get to the point where they said, I guess pyJqMVuf5_I-00199-00110132-00110659 that if that's right for them, I guess it's okay. It's not okay when it's pyJqMVuf5_I-00200-00110659-00111119 your wife that gets killed, where it's your grandchild that gets burned today. pyJqMVuf5_I-00201-00111119-00111503 Then all of a sudden, whoops, I need to recalibrate my morality pyJqMVuf5_I-00202-00111503-00112202 here. So until recently it's been hard to preach the gospel because people refuse pyJqMVuf5_I-00203-00112202-00112739 to accept the absolute nature of God's standard. This is how it works. If there's pyJqMVuf5_I-00204-00112739-00113369 no standard then there's no judgment. If there's no judgment then there's no pyJqMVuf5_I-00205-00113369-00113888 need for salvation. People say the church is in decline. pyJqMVuf5_I-00206-00113888-00114307 Churches everywhere are in decline. They are to a certain extent. pyJqMVuf5_I-00207-00114307-00114689 People are saying that's because we don't have enough programs. pyJqMVuf5_I-00208-00114689-00115082 That's because we ought to pyJqMVuf5_I-00209-00115082-00115469 put instrumental music. That would draw young. They pyJqMVuf5_I-00210-00115469-00115979 come up with all these reasons why churches are... Churches are not pyJqMVuf5_I-00211-00115979-00116528 growing because they're not preaching the gospel. That's why. Churches grow. pyJqMVuf5_I-00212-00116528-00117254 They sow the seed. Sow the seed, but the seed is being sowed on very hard pyJqMVuf5_I-00213-00117254-00118035 hearts. The seed is being sewed on very thorny ground here. Because in the West pyJqMVuf5_I-00214-00118035-00118883 the worst sin is being intolerant. The worst sin in our society pyJqMVuf5_I-00215-00118883-00119420 is saying that somebody else is a sinner. If you happen to be a pyJqMVuf5_I-00216-00119420-00119840 Christian and a preacher and you call out the certain group for being sinful, pyJqMVuf5_I-00217-00119840-00120389 the worst you've just done, the worst thing... I'm the worst sinner as far pyJqMVuf5_I-00218-00120389-00120800 as this society is concerned because I step up on an electronic platform, which pyJqMVuf5_I-00219-00120800-00121240 is called the Internet and I call on the world and say you people are sinners, pyJqMVuf5_I-00220-00121240-00121909 homosexuals, fornicators, and idolaters and worldliness. The answer pyJqMVuf5_I-00221-00121909-00122303 back to me personally is no, no, no, you're the sinner because you're intolerant of pyJqMVuf5_I-00222-00122303-00123292 all these people. You're a racist. You're a bigot. You're a homophobe. pyJqMVuf5_I-00223-00123292-00123784 What we need is a new awakening of the presence of absolute pyJqMVuf5_I-00224-00123784-00124289 standards and that will press the case for the gospel and also clarify the pyJqMVuf5_I-00225-00124289-00124742 meaning of the doctrine of justification. I'm kind of digressing pyJqMVuf5_I-00226-00124742-00125228 a little bit here just to demonstrate the idea that people don't respond to pyJqMVuf5_I-00227-00125228-00125540 the gospel not because they don't love Jesus. They don't respond to the gospel pyJqMVuf5_I-00228-00125540-00125963 because they don't see themselves as sinners. They love Jesus. They've turned pyJqMVuf5_I-00229-00125963-00126701 Him into a liberal. I saw somebody with a sign that... You can't pyJqMVuf5_I-00230-00126701-00127172 even begin... You don't even know where to begin to explain how messed up it is. I pyJqMVuf5_I-00231-00127172-00127705 saw a person with a sign marching in a gay pride parade that said... Are you ready? pyJqMVuf5_I-00232-00127705-00128741 "Love wins over faith". What they were saying is love, meaning the love pyJqMVuf5_I-00233-00128741-00129122 between two men and the love between two women and loving people pyJqMVuf5_I-00234-00129122-00130201 that are like, that wins over religion. I mean, do you even know where to start to pyJqMVuf5_I-00235-00130204-00131375 pick that apart? Those are the obstacles to explaining pyJqMVuf5_I-00236-00131375-00131864 what justification means, as far as the gospel is concerned in our society. I pyJqMVuf5_I-00237-00131864-00132344 think here this morning we're speaking to a friendly crowd. I think you'll pyJqMVuf5_I-00238-00132344-00132776 get the idea of justification. If you want to understand "The" pyJqMVuf5_I-00239-00132776-00133106 "Sub-Doctrine of Justification" you have to begin with the idea that there's an pyJqMVuf5_I-00240-00133106-00133634 absolute law, an absolute standard established by God. In this pyJqMVuf5_I-00241-00133634-00134144 context of absolute standards we begin to understand that one of man's greatest pyJqMVuf5_I-00242-00134144-00134765 needs is the knowledge and the assurance that he lives up to God's standards and pyJqMVuf5_I-00243-00134765-00135533 thus is approved. Listen, all of this business here about accepting pyJqMVuf5_I-00244-00135533-00135977 that this type of morality, and I go back to gay rights, because that's the pyJqMVuf5_I-00245-00135977-00136645 stuff that's in the papers. All of this is to make acceptable something that has pyJqMVuf5_I-00246-00136645-00137261 historically been unacceptable. That's all it is. They're trying to do it pyJqMVuf5_I-00247-00137261-00137729 through laws and through political pressure and through shaming individuals pyJqMVuf5_I-00248-00137729-00138197 and through lawsuits and movies. You know what I'm saying? pyJqMVuf5_I-00249-00138197-00138602 When you strip it all down they're just trying a lifestyle that has been pyJqMVuf5_I-00250-00138602-00139826 historically condemned as evil and wrong, wants to be made acceptable. The pyJqMVuf5_I-00251-00139826-00140300 only way sinners can become quote "acceptable" is through the gospel not by pyJqMVuf5_I-00252-00140300-00141047 changing the law. So we've learned that sin deprives us of God's approval pyJqMVuf5_I-00253-00141047-00141641 because it causes us to live below His standards. This situation, it causes pyJqMVuf5_I-00254-00141641-00142190 fear and guilt and anger and despair because we are created to be happy when pyJqMVuf5_I-00255-00142190-00142687 we obey and unhappy when we don't. That's the point. pyJqMVuf5_I-00256-00142687-00143576 Have you ever been challenged by something, I don't pyJqMVuf5_I-00257-00143576-00143827 know what it is, somebody has offended you or said something pyJqMVuf5_I-00258-00143827-00144251 mean-spirited or whatever or you've been tempted to gossip. You got a pyJqMVuf5_I-00259-00144251-00144674 juicy piece of gossip that's come your way and somebody comes by. pyJqMVuf5_I-00260-00144674-00145075 You could kind of pass it on. Your mind says, you know what? pyJqMVuf5_I-00261-00145075-00145622 That information is just gonna stop with me. I'm gonna bury that information. I'm pyJqMVuf5_I-00262-00145622-00145886 not going to be the one to continue this story. pyJqMVuf5_I-00263-00145886-00146234 You see your buddy and your buddy is saying, so pyJqMVuf5_I-00264-00146234-00146609 what's new? What's going on? That little piece is circling in your mind. pyJqMVuf5_I-00265-00146609-00147179 You say, nothing. Everything's good. You? Then you walk away. You pyJqMVuf5_I-00266-00147179-00147679 say to yourself as a Christian person I did the right thing. I was pyJqMVuf5_I-00267-00147679-00148091 tempted to pass it on, but I did the right thing. I pyJqMVuf5_I-00268-00148091-00148565 shut my mouth for a change. I bit my tongue. I pyJqMVuf5_I-00269-00148565-00149066 didn't pass it on. I praised the person in particular instead of pyJqMVuf5_I-00270-00149066-00149416 passing on the gossip to lower them. You feel good. Why? You pyJqMVuf5_I-00271-00149416-00150089 did, the right thing. It's always good to do the right thing. The opposite of pyJqMVuf5_I-00272-00150089-00150653 that is true as well. It is always harmful if you do the wrong thing. For example, if pyJqMVuf5_I-00273-00150653-00151079 you had thought about that and you said it anyways and you shared it pyJqMVuf5_I-00274-00151079-00151397 and then five minutes it might have been fun for that few pyJqMVuf5_I-00275-00151397-00151727 moments when both of you had a bit of a laugh at the expense of this other guy. pyJqMVuf5_I-00276-00151727-00152317 But when that was over, as a Christian person, and you thought about it, pyJqMVuf5_I-00277-00152317-00152941 usually you say to yourself, my big mouth. I shouldn't have pyJqMVuf5_I-00278-00152941-00153398 done that. So you feel good when you do right. You don't feel good when you don't. pyJqMVuf5_I-00279-00153398-00154010 You know why that is? That's the way we've been created. Those deprived of pyJqMVuf5_I-00280-00154010-00154658 God's approval but not conscious of it, they still suffer symptoms of a soul pyJqMVuf5_I-00281-00154658-00155069 separated from God and will suffer the final consequences brought on by this pyJqMVuf5_I-00282-00155069-00155879 condition. At this point, anxiety and fear and dread. Then at the judgment, pyJqMVuf5_I-00283-00155879-00156308 condemnation and punishment. Some people, they believe that pyJqMVuf5_I-00284-00156308-00156730 ignorance of these things will save these people at judgment but that's not what pyJqMVuf5_I-00285-00156730-00157105 the Bible teaches. That's not even what human law pyJqMVuf5_I-00286-00157105-00157883 teaches. Right? The cop pulls you over and says you were doing 54 in a 40. pyJqMVuf5_I-00287-00157883-00158333 You were saying I could have swore that was a 45 sign, that said 45 or pyJqMVuf5_I-00288-00158333-00158966 said 50. No, you were wrong. I didn't know. Then the cop says, you didn't pyJqMVuf5_I-00289-00158966-00159306 know? Okay, you can go ahead. pyJqMVuf5_I-00290-00159306-00159722 Try to be careful in the future. Have a nice day. pyJqMVuf5_I-00291-00159722-00160059 What's he do? Gives you the ticket anyways. Right? Why? pyJqMVuf5_I-00292-00160059-00160650 Because ignorance is not a defense. You didn't know? You know what? After you pyJqMVuf5_I-00293-00160650-00161031 finish paying your two hundred and twenty dollar ticket you will know. You pyJqMVuf5_I-00294-00161031-00161409 will never drive down this street that's forty miles an hour again. I don't pyJqMVuf5_I-00295-00161409-00161967 know about you but that's how it works with me. Some people believe that pyJqMVuf5_I-00296-00161967-00162654 ignorance of God's standard is what will save them. Not true. The Bible says that pyJqMVuf5_I-00297-00162654-00163269 ignorance is present within men's heart because men purposefully suppress the pyJqMVuf5_I-00298-00163269-00163833 very truth that would guide them to God if they would just let it. Where does it pyJqMVuf5_I-00299-00163833-00164385 say that? Romans chapter 1. Paul says, "For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven" pyJqMVuf5_I-00300-00164385-00165186 "against..." Listen. "all ungodliness..." Does he say against some ungodliness or against pyJqMVuf5_I-00301-00165186-00165702 the ungodliness of those people who know it's ungodliness. No. He says, "...all pyJqMVuf5_I-00302-00165702-00166137 "ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who suppress the truth in" pyJqMVuf5_I-00303-00166137-00166563 "unrighteousness, because that which is known about God is evident within them;" pyJqMVuf5_I-00304-00166563-00167256 "for God made it evident to them." What's the "within them"? God, He pyJqMVuf5_I-00305-00167256-00167712 made it evident within them. What's the "within them"? That's your pyJqMVuf5_I-00306-00167712-00168360 conscience. Maybe if you never read Exodus 20 that says, "Thou shalt not steal"... pyJqMVuf5_I-00307-00168360-00168843 Right? You never read that. But if you are living in a tribe somewhere pyJqMVuf5_I-00308-00168843-00169457 in a jungle and you go into the next hut and you steal your neighbors whatever pyJqMVuf5_I-00309-00169457-00170046 your conscience is gonna bother you even if you've never... If you steal pyJqMVuf5_I-00310-00170046-00170577 your neighbor's wife, if you kill your neighbor's child, even if you never pyJqMVuf5_I-00311-00170577-00171084 read the commandment that says "Thou shalt not kill", you're not jumping up pyJqMVuf5_I-00312-00171084-00171677 in joy. Your conscience, that's the internal guide. Then he says, "For" pyJqMVuf5_I-00313-00171677-00172098 "since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power" pyJqMVuf5_I-00314-00172098-00172488 "and divine nature, have been clearly seen,..." So he says pyJqMVuf5_I-00315-00172488-00173022 from within you know. Why? Because He's given you a conscience. Then he says and pyJqMVuf5_I-00316-00173022-00173487 you know from without. Why? Because he says, "since the creation of the world His" pyJqMVuf5_I-00317-00173487-00173952 "invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen,..." pyJqMVuf5_I-00318-00173952-00174945 Seen where? The millions of stars, the trees, the Grand Canyon. "...being" pyJqMVuf5_I-00319-00174945-00175641 "understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse." You have pyJqMVuf5_I-00320-00175641-00176043 an internal witness of God, your conscience. You have an external witness pyJqMVuf5_I-00321-00176043-00176508 of God, the creation. Because every single human being, and even if they've never pyJqMVuf5_I-00322-00176508-00176781 read the Bible that said, "In the beginning God created the heavens and" pyJqMVuf5_I-00323-00176781-00177177 "earth", looks around and says to themselves eventually, where does all pyJqMVuf5_I-00324-00177177-00178050 this come from? How does this work? He says, "so that they are without" pyJqMVuf5_I-00325-00178050-00178442 "excuse..." pyJqMVuf5_I-00326-00178442-00178812 Let me give you one more. He goes on. He says, "For even though they knew God," pyJqMVuf5_I-00327-00178812-00179205 "they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their" pyJqMVuf5_I-00328-00179205-00179682 "speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing to be wise," pyJqMVuf5_I-00329-00179682-00180162 "they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an" pyJqMVuf5_I-00330-00180162-00180663 "image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and" pyJqMVuf5_I-00331-00180663-00181392 "crawling creatures." Nobody is saved by default because they don't know the pyJqMVuf5_I-00332-00181392-00181857 truth. I don't mean they don't know the entire truth about Jesus and the pyJqMVuf5_I-00333-00181857-00182412 redemption. I don't mean that. Paul is saying here in pyJqMVuf5_I-00334-00182412-00183018 Romans, people can know that there is a God internally and externally. They pyJqMVuf5_I-00335-00183018-00183732 can begin searching for Him. What he's saying is that basic innate pyJqMVuf5_I-00336-00183732-00184622 knowledge, he says men have purposefully submerged. When I did a study of the pyJqMVuf5_I-00337-00184622-00185178 words here about "they've submerged the truth," the idea is... pyJqMVuf5_I-00338-00185178-00185688 You ever take a beach ball and you go into the pool and pyJqMVuf5_I-00339-00185688-00186105 you take a beach ball, multicolored, light beach balls, and you pyJqMVuf5_I-00340-00186105-00186450 take it and you push it underwater? What happens if you let it go? pyJqMVuf5_I-00341-00186450-00186921 It'll pop up. Right? This is what Paul is explaining. The truth there pyJqMVuf5_I-00342-00186921-00187641 is buoyant. It's there. He says men have suppressed it. The truth wants to pyJqMVuf5_I-00343-00187641-00187992 pop up, but men have purposefully suppressed it. What have they done? pyJqMVuf5_I-00344-00187992-00188523 They've exchanged that truth that wants to come out with the truth of their own. pyJqMVuf5_I-00345-00188523-00189195 They've worshipped birds and the sun and other men. pyJqMVuf5_I-00346-00189195-00189944 He says, and because of this all men will be judged. pyJqMVuf5_I-00347-00189944-00190521 No one is saved by default. The Bible says that everyone can know but they pyJqMVuf5_I-00348-00190521-00190968 suppress this knowledge. In addition to this, the Bible also claims that even pyJqMVuf5_I-00349-00190968-00191406 those people who do know the truth, they don't measure up to the pyJqMVuf5_I-00350-00191406-00191922 standard of God. These people are helpless to change. This is a sad reality. pyJqMVuf5_I-00351-00191922-00192294 Let's look at some of the scriptures here. It says seven. He says, "For I know" pyJqMVuf5_I-00352-00192294-00192708 "that nothing good dwells in me,..." This is Paul speaking. "...that is, in my flesh; for" pyJqMVuf5_I-00353-00192708-00193080 "the willing is present in me, but the doing of the good is not. For the good" pyJqMVuf5_I-00354-00193080-00193641 "that I want, I do not do, but I practice the very evil that I do not want." "What" pyJqMVuf5_I-00355-00193641-00194025 "then? "Are we better than they? Not at all; for we have already charged that both" pyJqMVuf5_I-00356-00194025-00194466 "Jews and Greeks are all under sin; as it is written, “There is none righteous," pyJqMVuf5_I-00357-00194466-00195072 "not even one;" Then one other passage in verse 3:23 says or chapter 3:23, "for" pyJqMVuf5_I-00358-00195072-00195789 "all have sinned and fall short of the glory the glory of God." Three passages pyJqMVuf5_I-00359-00195789-00196254 where Paul is saying, you know what? Even the people who know the standard of God pyJqMVuf5_I-00360-00196254-00196938 and want to live up to the standard of God, they're not able to do it. They fall pyJqMVuf5_I-00361-00196938-00198071 short. There is a sad reality here. The sad reality is that pyJqMVuf5_I-00362-00198071-00198633 for the people who don't know and who have suppressed the truth, they stand pyJqMVuf5_I-00363-00198633-00199054 condemned. Paul said, "all have sinned and fall short" pyJqMVuf5_I-00364-00199054-00199519 "of the glory of God". Then the real sad reality is that pyJqMVuf5_I-00365-00199519-00200002 even the people who do know that there is an absolute standard and there is a pyJqMVuf5_I-00366-00200002-00200539 God and there is a judgment, even these people cannot live up to it as well. pyJqMVuf5_I-00367-00200539-00201034 There's the paradox. That's why he says everyone is condemned. The ignorant are pyJqMVuf5_I-00368-00201034-00201430 condemned because of their ignorance. The ones who are enlightened are pyJqMVuf5_I-00369-00201430-00202082 condemned because even though they know the truth they can't live up to it. pyJqMVuf5_I-00370-00202082-00202605 This is the problem that "The Doctrine of Justification" addresses in pyJqMVuf5_I-00371-00202605-00203140 explaining God's salvation. That's the end of this particular class. pyJqMVuf5_I-00372-00203140-00203797 This was just the setup. We've got the stage here. We've got the setup. You're pyJqMVuf5_I-00373-00203797-00204154 condemned if you're ignorant. You're condemned even if you know. pyJqMVuf5_I-00374-00204154-00204493 How does God solve this dilemma? pyJqMVuf5_I-00375-00204493-00205132 "The Sub-Doctrine of Justification" answers that question. We'll do that pyJqMVuf5_I-00376-00205132-00205546 next week. You can hang on to your sheets. If you've noticed that the back part pyJqMVuf5_I-00377-00205546-00206100 will continue is a two-part. p_oLt3sMsQY-00000-00000516-00001068 With the young children young people I worked with I thought I advocated I thought I kind of p_oLt3sMsQY-00001-00001068-00001757 collaborated but I think in hindsight if I was to go back to my job as a social worker I would p_oLt3sMsQY-00002-00001757-00002394 do it do some things differently and better um I think I you know I definitely you know tried p_oLt3sMsQY-00003-00002394-00003006 my best at that time to listen and to be the best social worker could be but I think you're p_oLt3sMsQY-00004-00003006-00003672 always learning so I'm still learning about co-production I think co-production is hard p_oLt3sMsQY-00005-00003672-00004284 work that's what I've learned that it's not an easy fix it's not an easy route to doing p_oLt3sMsQY-00006-00004284-00004896 things involves giving up your power and just being prepared to share that power and that can p_oLt3sMsQY-00007-00004896-00005544 sometimes lead you to feel uncomfortable and you know can be challenging like whatever your role is pAkeJAnGK1o-00000-00001033-00001893 My opponent today was someone… pAkeJAnGK1o-00001-00002080-00002503 He looked after me in the dojo. pAkeJAnGK1o-00002-00002523-00002853 He’s an all-American type player… pAkeJAnGK1o-00003-00002863-00003050 Just a moment. pAkeJAnGK1o-00004-00003063-00003523 ヤングライオンの意味を知ってるかい？ pAkeJAnGK1o-00005-00003526-00003879 まだ少ししか経験のない新人だ。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00006-00003903-00004133 でも彼らは強い闘魂を持っている。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00007-00004136-00004583 北村はほとんど経験のない 選手にも関わらず、 pAkeJAnGK1o-00008-00004590-00005000 熱い闘魂を胸に秘めている。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00009-00005046-00005296 俺の大事な友達だ。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00010-00005296-00006003 Kevin Kellyに2018年の俺は もっと勝利を飾るって言ったんだ。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00011-00006006-00006406 先輩だから勝たないと 示しがつかなかった。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00012-00006409-00006690 もし彼が勝ってたら、みんな 信じられないくらい驚いただろう。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00013-00006693-00007009 俺がケニー・オメガから 勝利した時のようにな。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00014-00007020-00007763 北村、後何人に挑戦するんだ？ pAkeJAnGK1o-00015-00007763-00008376 これまででジェイとエルガンと 俺だ。残り後4人だな。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00016-00008393-00008550 次は誰だ？ pAkeJAnGK1o-00017-00008550-00008666 次の挑戦者が誰かって？ pAkeJAnGK1o-00018-00008673-00008870 そうだ、Goldberg。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00019-00008966-00009123 天山さんか？ pAkeJAnGK1o-00020-00009276-00009476 Good luck. pAkeJAnGK1o-00021-00009546-00010086 後2年もしたら、 北村は俺を超えるだろう。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00022-00010090-00010453 簡単に3カウント取られちまうかも。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00023-00010453-00010670 彼は大物になるよ。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00024-00010670-00010866 札幌のみんな、ありがとう。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00025-00010870-00011000 尊敬してます。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00026-00011000-00011166 俺もお前を尊敬してるよ。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00027-00011170-00011356 ありがとう、brother。 pAkeJAnGK1o-00028-00011693-00012223 I nailed the spear, but I wanted to win with a jackhammer. pAkeJAnGK1o-00029-00012230-00012826 But he’s a complete, all-around player. pAkeJAnGK1o-00030-00013576-00013903 He’s tough. I couldn’t do enough to beat him. pAkeJAnGK1o-00031-00013910-00014119 Somehow… pAkeJAnGK1o-00032-00014686-00015133 But I think I made an impact. He definitely felt my power. pAkeJAnGK1o-00033-00015146-00015496 I’ll evolve and get better. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00000-00000022-00000468 In July 2015, the Quebec Liberal Party introduces a bill creating pAb_Y_KsNCA-00001-00000468-00000603 a new lobbyism law in Quebec. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00002-00000603-00000992 Following corruption scandals, the Charbonneau Commission and the people's pAb_Y_KsNCA-00003-00000992-00001376 lost of trust in public institutions, we could have expected increased control pAb_Y_KsNCA-00004-00001376-00001721 on lobbying by private companies and some restriction of their influence pAb_Y_KsNCA-00005-00001721-00001882 on our governments. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00006-00001882-00002236 In a sad turn of events, this bill aims instead to submit pAb_Y_KsNCA-00007-00002236-00002415 non-profit and community organizations. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00008-00002415-00002956 The term "lobbying" emerged in England and the United States in the 19th century where representatives pAb_Y_KsNCA-00009-00002956-00003302 of private interests would meet elected officials in the parliament lobby to trade pAb_Y_KsNCA-00010-00003302-00003657 laws and votes. The basic principle is that a handful of people who possess enough money pAb_Y_KsNCA-00011-00003657-00004107 and power can subvert democracy and make the government work pAb_Y_KsNCA-00012-00004107-00004152 for them exclusively. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00013-00004152-00004490 As time went on and scandals accumulated, several states passed laws pAb_Y_KsNCA-00014-00004490-00004868 in an attempt to curb corruption through transparency pAb_Y_KsNCA-00015-00004868-00004996 and the use of public registries. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00016-00004996-00005393 In Canada, we know lobbies wield tremendous influence, particularly pAb_Y_KsNCA-00017-00005393-00005674 when it comes to natural resource industries. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00018-00005674-00006022 Regardless of election results and the level of government, corporations employ lobbyists pAb_Y_KsNCA-00019-00006023-00006479 who negociate tax breaks, rewrite legislation to their advantage and regularly offer jobs to elected officials pAb_Y_KsNCA-00020-00006479-00006865 once their mandate has expired - a phenomenon otherwise known pAb_Y_KsNCA-00021-00006865-00006948 as the "revolving doors". pAb_Y_KsNCA-00022-00006948-00007398 Bill 56 seems written by and for industrial lobbyists who have repeatedly asked pAb_Y_KsNCA-00023-00007398-00007584 for the submission of non-profits to the registry. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00024-00007584-00008022 Those lobbies work constantly against citizens' associations pAb_Y_KsNCA-00025-00008022-00008432 vying to defend common welfare, human rights, public health, environment quality and pAb_Y_KsNCA-00026-00008432-00008660 endangered species. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00027-00008660-00008968 Far from standing on equal ground, lobbyists have greater means pAb_Y_KsNCA-00028-00008968-00009094 to make themselves heard. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00029-00009094-00009554 But there are fundamental differences between, say, oil companies pAb_Y_KsNCA-00030-00009554-00009937 seeking to drill and community organizations trying to protect the water supply. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00031-00009937-00010318 Under the new law, those community organizations would have to register as pAb_Y_KsNCA-00032-00010318-00010678 lobbyists overnight. Already fragile and underfunded, pAb_Y_KsNCA-00033-00010678-00011054 those groups would see they paperwork double even though they're already transparent. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00034-00011054-00011581 The project specifically targets individuals, paid or not, board members pAb_Y_KsNCA-00035-00011581-00011779 and volunteers participating in representations. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00036-00011779-00012186 If they omit information or make any kind of mistake, they expose themselves to fines pAb_Y_KsNCA-00037-00012186-00012603 and gag orders. Would be willing to take that pAb_Y_KsNCA-00038-00012603-00012707 chance? pAb_Y_KsNCA-00039-00012707-00013125 Notwithstanding the pitfalls and risks involved for those organizations, the new bill blurs pAb_Y_KsNCA-00040-00013125-00013561 the definition of lobbyism. Consequently, we expect the registry to be flooded and rendered pAb_Y_KsNCA-00041-00013561-00014009 useless. Moreso, it will turn Quebec into a veritable lobbyism Mecca, with five times more entries per capita pAb_Y_KsNCA-00042-00014009-00014263 than anywhere on the planet. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00043-00014263-00014615 Meanwhile, actual lobbyism from private corporations is no more transparent. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00044-00014615-00015104 The fundamental issue goes unsolved. Worse, the lobbyism Commissionner gains the power pAb_Y_KsNCA-00045-00015104-00015456 to hide any information if he or she believes it may harm a corporation's pAb_Y_KsNCA-00046-00015456-00015616 economic interests. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00047-00015616-00016162 Today, Quebec faces many important challenges. While in reality, pAb_Y_KsNCA-00048-00016162-00016516 social inequality deepens, the environment keeps getting worse and human rights are rapidly pAb_Y_KsNCA-00049-00016516-00016923 eroding, we need laws to protect us pAb_Y_KsNCA-00050-00016923-00017304 from the influence of extractive industries more than ever. We want a healthy environment pAb_Y_KsNCA-00051-00017304-00017778 and a democratic society. We deserve better than Bill 56. pAb_Y_KsNCA-00052-00017778-00018256 A message of the Quebec Ecologist Groups' Network. Ecologists, stand up! pBlyud8ijxg-00000-00000106-00000512 Nature's great masterpiece, an Elephant! the only harmless great thing pBlyud8ijxg-00001-00000512-00001549 A pregnant elephant was killed in Kerala, after she was fed a pineapple stuffed with pBlyud8ijxg-00002-00001549-00001680 explosives. pBlyud8ijxg-00003-00001680-00002124 When she ate the pineapple, the firecrackers burst inside her mouth, causing her unbearable pBlyud8ijxg-00004-00002124-00002368 pain and agony. pBlyud8ijxg-00005-00002368-00002649 She roamed around hungry, unable to eat anything. pBlyud8ijxg-00006-00002649-00003304 But even in distress, the gentle giant did not hurt a single villager or damage any homes. pBlyud8ijxg-00007-00003304-00003789 To alleviate her pain, she went and stood in a river with her mouth and trunk submerged. pBlyud8ijxg-00008-00003789-00004150 She died standing in a river. pBlyud8ijxg-00009-00004150-00004606 Forest officials managed to bring the body of the elephant. pBlyud8ijxg-00010-00004606-00005193 According to the veterinary official who conducted her post-mortem, the elephant was pregnant. pBlyud8ijxg-00011-00005193-00005680 The brutal slaying of elephant has caused, outrage across the country. pBlyud8ijxg-00012-00005680-00006164 Forest Officers suspecting that the elephant fell prey to the explosive snare used to fend pBlyud8ijxg-00013-00006164-00006312 off wild boars. pBlyud8ijxg-00014-00006312-00006922 But there is no evidence now to suggest that it was intentionally fed such an explosive. pBlyud8ijxg-00015-00006922-00007531 Forest officials said investigation is underway to ascertain the cause of the incident. pBlyud8ijxg-00016-00007531-00007984 Using snares to trap or kill an animal is a punishable offence under the Wildlife Protection pBlyud8ijxg-00017-00007984-00008134 Act. pBlyud8ijxg-00018-00008134-00008631 Following massive outrage, an FIR has been lodged against unidentified people under relevant pBlyud8ijxg-00019-00008631-00009103 sections of Wild Life Protection Act over the incident. pBlyud8ijxg-00020-00009103-00009596 This Horrific Animal Abuse shake the conscience of humanity. pBlyud8ijxg-00021-00009596-00010024 The only reason behind this crime is a sick mind finding pleasure from causing pain to pBlyud8ijxg-00022-00010024-00010167 innocent creature. pBlyud8ijxg-00023-00010167-00010596 Or Human negligence also a part. pBlyud8ijxg-00024-00010596-00010999 The culprits need to be brought to justice and punished the same way until death if it pBlyud8ijxg-00025-00010999-00011235 was intentional. pBlyud8ijxg-00026-00011235-00011514 Some Art of pregnant elephant shared by netizen. pBlyud8ijxg-00027-00011514-00011816 Spread the message so that it reaches where it matters the most. pB_p_jL8LDE-00000-00000586-00001213 As quantum mechanics matured during the 1920s attention increasingly turned to quantum field theory pB_p_jL8LDE-00001-00001255-00001632 here's a list of a few of the important publications from this period pB_p_jL8LDE-00002-00001917-00002279 In the previous video we discussed born Heisenberg in Jordan's pB_p_jL8LDE-00003-00002343-00002741 1926 paper presenting the quantization of a vibrating string pB_p_jL8LDE-00004-00003032-00003509 The following year Dirac applied these ideas to the electromagnetic field in his pB_p_jL8LDE-00005-00003525-00003838 The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation pB_p_jL8LDE-00006-00003998-00004360 This paper is often cited as the birth of quantum field theory pB_p_jL8LDE-00007-00004646-00005137 In 1928 Jordan and thinners paper on the Pauli exclusion principle pB_p_jL8LDE-00008-00005207-00005511 showed how to make creation and destruction operators pB_p_jL8LDE-00009-00005579-00005779 compatible with the exclusion principle pB_p_jL8LDE-00010-00005798-00006106 Thereby allowing the concept to be extended to electrons pB_p_jL8LDE-00011-00006182-00006438 We will explore these ideas in the next video pB_p_jL8LDE-00012-00006793-00007354 So in 1928 Dirac published his equation of relativistic quantum mechanics for the electron pB_p_jL8LDE-00013-00007403-00007723 We covered this in the last video of the quantum mechanics series pB_p_jL8LDE-00014-00008047-00008213 The following year pB_p_jL8LDE-00015-00008213-00008638 Heisenberg and paulie's paper on the quantum dynamics of wave fields pB_p_jL8LDE-00016-00008693-00009118 Presented the first general theory of quantum fields and a canonical quantization pB_p_jL8LDE-00017-00009200-00009565 Formalism that continues to play an important role in quantum field theory pB_p_jL8LDE-00018-00009878-00010372 Oppenheimer's 1930 paper note on the theory of the interaction of field and matter pB_p_jL8LDE-00019-00010439-00011089 Highlighted a central problem in quantum field theory the interaction of a charged particle with its own electric field pB_p_jL8LDE-00020-00011141-00011361 produces infinite energy levels shifts pB_p_jL8LDE-00021-00011444-00011923 Taming. These infinities was a preoccupation of quantum field theories for years to come pB_p_jL8LDE-00022-00012520-00012720 During the summer of 1930 pB_p_jL8LDE-00023-00012745-00013488 Enrico Fermi visited the University of Michigan where he delivered a series of lectures on the quantum theory of radiation pB_p_jL8LDE-00024-00013624-00014132 These were published as a 46 page article which served as a mini textbook on the subject pB_p_jL8LDE-00025-00014182-00014489 for physicists in the 1930s and beyond pB_p_jL8LDE-00026-00014691-00014828 As pB_p_jL8LDE-00027-00014828-00015144 Evidenced by the quote from richard fineman at the beginning of this video pB_p_jL8LDE-00028-00015244-00015723 Fermi was known for presenting difficult concepts in a simple intuitive style pB_p_jL8LDE-00029-00015830-00016245 So let's look at Fermi's approach to quantizing the electromagnetic field pB_p_jL8LDE-00030-00016834-00017372 We start with the simplest case the field in a one-dimensional electromagnetic cavity pB_p_jL8LDE-00031-00017601-00017942 We assume the field varies only along the z-axis and pB_p_jL8LDE-00032-00017962-00018483 Is confined by perfectly conducting planes to Z values between 0 and L pB_p_jL8LDE-00033-00018709-00018784 In pB_p_jL8LDE-00034-00018784-00019458 this region assume the vector potential a has only an X component that varies sinusoidally and Z and pB_p_jL8LDE-00035-00019520-00019722 vanishes at z equals 0 and L pB_p_jL8LDE-00036-00020031-00020664 We write a equals e^x the unit vector in the X Direction times sine K PI over LZ pB_p_jL8LDE-00037-00020740-00021024 times a time varying amplitude Q of T pB_p_jL8LDE-00038-00021088-00021288 Here K is a positive integer pB_p_jL8LDE-00039-00021587-00022103 For this geometry the wave equation requires that the second derivative and T of a pB_p_jL8LDE-00040-00022148-00022405 equals the second derivative in Z of a pB_p_jL8LDE-00041-00022520-00022804 performing the derivatives and canceling common factors pB_p_jL8LDE-00042-00022878-00023575 We obtain Q double dot equals minus Omega squared Q or Omega equals K PI over L pB_p_jL8LDE-00043-00023949-00024746 Field is - the time derivative of a or - e X sine K PI over L Z times Q dot pB_p_jL8LDE-00044-00025031-00025509 This vanishes at the perfect conductors Z equals zero and L as it must pB_p_jL8LDE-00045-00025789-00026237 The magnetic field is the curl of a which evaluates to ey pB_p_jL8LDE-00046-00026272-00026748 Omega cosine K PI over L Z times Q pB_p_jL8LDE-00047-00027019-00027564 In addition to satisfying the wave equation the vector potential must have zero divergence pB_p_jL8LDE-00048-00027680-00028432 Since field components are seem to vary only with Z. This will be true if the Z component of a is 0 which it is pB_p_jL8LDE-00049-00028719-00029104 We can repeat these steps assuming a has only a y component pB_p_jL8LDE-00050-00029141-00029758 This gives us a second solution in which all field vectors are rotated by 90 degrees from our first solution pB_p_jL8LDE-00051-00030071-00030473 So for any positive integer k we have two solutions pB_p_jL8LDE-00052-00030549-00030890 representing two independent field polarizations any pB_p_jL8LDE-00053-00030954-00031379 Possible field polarization can be represented as a linear combination of these pB_p_jL8LDE-00054-00031772-00032222 General field in our 1d cavity is then the sum over K from one to infinity pB_p_jL8LDE-00055-00032310-00032905 The sum over alpha from one to two of ye alpha Q K alpha of T pB_p_jL8LDE-00056-00032952-00033191 Sine K PI over L Z pB_p_jL8LDE-00057-00033463-00033929 Here the unit vectors e1 and e2 represent e^x and ey pB_p_jL8LDE-00058-00034347-00034757 For mode the amplitude satisfies QK Alpha double dot pB_p_jL8LDE-00059-00034798-00035477 Equals minus Omega K squared Q K alpha with Omega K equal to K PI over L pB_p_jL8LDE-00060-00035766-00036408 The solution is QK alpha equals B K alpha times cosine Omega K pB_p_jL8LDE-00061-00036443-00036666 times t minus TK alpha pB_p_jL8LDE-00062-00036746-00037026 we can alternately express the cosine argument as pB_p_jL8LDE-00063-00037058-00037563 Omega K T plus theta K alpha with theta K alpha equal to minus pB_p_jL8LDE-00064-00037615-00037815 Omega K T K alpha pB_p_jL8LDE-00065-00038113-00038878 Although the frequency Omega K is fixed the amplitude B K alpha and time offset T K alpha can be any real pB_p_jL8LDE-00066-00038891-00039018 numbers pB_p_jL8LDE-00067-00039018-00039584 So each mode can be arbitrarily scaled and amplitude and arbitrarily shifted in time pB_p_jL8LDE-00068-00039897-00040199 A solution of this form is called a standing wave pB_p_jL8LDE-00069-00040545-00041146 Because the sinusoidal variation in space remains fixed and merely oscillates an amplitude pB_p_jL8LDE-00070-00041463-00042180 More often we are interested in traveling waves representing the flow of energy through unbounded space due to radiation pB_p_jL8LDE-00071-00042691-00043151 Let's consider a traveling wave in one-dimensional unbounded free space pB_p_jL8LDE-00072-00043488-00044113 Assume a is polarized in the X direction and the field travels along the z axis at the speed of light pB_p_jL8LDE-00073-00044138-00044338 Which is 1 in our units pB_p_jL8LDE-00074-00044596-00045338 We write a equals exb cosine KZ minus Omega T plus theta pB_p_jL8LDE-00075-00045442-00045777 This solves the wave equation if Omega equals K pB_p_jL8LDE-00076-00045850-00046191 B and theta are arbitrary amplitude and phase values pB_p_jL8LDE-00077-00046507-00047271 To see that this is a traveling wave we set the cosines argument equal to a constant fee and solve for Z we pB_p_jL8LDE-00078-00047342-00047577 Find Z equals T plus a constant pB_p_jL8LDE-00079-00047675-00048271 So for each increment of time a given point on the wave moves a corresponding increment along the z axis pB_p_jL8LDE-00080-00048646-00049381 We can apply a sum of angles trig identity to write B cosine KZ minus Omega T plus theta as pB_p_jL8LDE-00081-00049418-00049618 the sum of two terms pB_p_jL8LDE-00082-00049661-00050275 Cosine KZ times B cosine Omega t minus theta plus sine KZ pB_p_jL8LDE-00083-00050341-00050628 times B sine Omega t minus theta pB_p_jL8LDE-00084-00050919-00051415 Let's denote by Q the amplitude B cosine Omega t minus theta pB_p_jL8LDE-00085-00051513-00052214 The time derivative Q dot is minus B Omega sine Omega t minus theta by pB_p_jL8LDE-00086-00052304-00052937 Analogy with a unit mass harmonic oscillator. Let's consider Q dot analogous to a momentum P pB_p_jL8LDE-00087-00053286-00053522 Then we can write the vector potential a as pB_p_jL8LDE-00088-00053592-00054114 unit vector e ax times the quantity Q cosine KZ minus pB_p_jL8LDE-00089-00054175-00054330 1 over Omega pB_p_jL8LDE-00090-00054330-00054530 P sine KZ pB_p_jL8LDE-00091-00054791-00055444 Using this expression for a we can calculate the electric field as - the time derivative of a and pB_p_jL8LDE-00092-00055466-00055688 the magnetic field is the curl of a pB_p_jL8LDE-00093-00055751-00056059 These operations result in the expression shown here pB_p_jL8LDE-00094-00056332-00057039 P equals Q dot so P dot equals Q double dot which equals minus Omega squared K pB_p_jL8LDE-00095-00057160-00057477 using these relations and the fact that K equals Omega pB_p_jL8LDE-00096-00057541-00057951 We can rewrite the electric field as minus e x times the quantity pB_p_jL8LDE-00097-00058021-00058448 P cosine KZ plus Omega Q sine KZ pB_p_jL8LDE-00098-00058546-00058919 The magnetic field is minus ey times the same quantity pB_p_jL8LDE-00099-00059223-00059448 The field energy is the field energy density pB_p_jL8LDE-00100-00059545-00060066 One-half magnitude a squared plus magnitude B squared averaged over space pB_p_jL8LDE-00101-00060192-00060392 Since E and B have the same magnitude pB_p_jL8LDE-00102-00060436-00061053 This is two times one-half the average of P squared cosine squared KZ plus pB_p_jL8LDE-00103-00061116-00061505 Omega squared Q squared sine squared KZ plus pB_p_jL8LDE-00104-00061585-00061741 2 Omega pB_p_jL8LDE-00105-00061741-00062054 PQ cosine KZ sine KZ pB_p_jL8LDE-00106-00062401-00062703 The cosine times sine term has zero average pB_p_jL8LDE-00107-00062759-00063073 cosine squared and sine squared both average to one half pB_p_jL8LDE-00108-00063134-00063657 So the field energy is one half quantity P squared plus Omega squared Q squared pB_p_jL8LDE-00109-00063995-00064380 This is formally identical to the energy of our harmonic oscillator pB_p_jL8LDE-00110-00064424-00065107 But in place of X the position of unit mass, we have Q the amplitude of an electromagnetic mode pB_p_jL8LDE-00111-00065312-00065412 As pB_p_jL8LDE-00112-00065412-00065975 We progress through this series. We'll come to appreciate this statement from a quantum field theory textbook pB_p_jL8LDE-00113-00066083-00066568 Quantum field theory is just quantum mechanics with an infinite number of harmonic oscillators pB_p_jL8LDE-00114-00067121-00067345 So let's do quantum mechanics pB_p_jL8LDE-00115-00067403-00068143 We replaced the dynamical variables Q and P in the energy expression with operators Q hat and P hat pB_p_jL8LDE-00116-00068237-00068875 Q hat is multiplication by Q P hat is minus IH bar derivative with respect to Q pB_p_jL8LDE-00117-00068951-00069286 This gives us the Hamiltonian operator H hat pB_p_jL8LDE-00118-00069577-00070311 Then we look for the stationary states where H had applied to a wave function produces energy e times the wave function pB_p_jL8LDE-00119-00070376-00070773 But this is simply the harmonic oscillator problem that we've already solved pB_p_jL8LDE-00120-00071108-00071617 And we replace Q and P in our field expression with Q hat and P hat pB_p_jL8LDE-00121-00071670-00072059 So the electromagnetic field becomes an operator a hat pB_p_jL8LDE-00122-00072347-00073107 Q hat and P hat can be expressed in terms of the creation and destruction operators a hat plus and a hat minus pB_p_jL8LDE-00123-00073432-00073755 With these substitutions a hat becomes a X pB_p_jL8LDE-00124-00073807-00074007 square root 1 over 2 Omega pB_p_jL8LDE-00125-00074024-00074415 times the quantity a hat - plus a hat plus pB_p_jL8LDE-00126-00074480-00075177 Times cosine KZ plus I a hat - a hat plus times sine KZ pB_p_jL8LDE-00127-00075595-00075970 A hat - and a hat plus terms inside the square brackets pB_p_jL8LDE-00128-00075989-00076627 We get a hat - times quantity cosine KZ. Plus I sine KZ pB_p_jL8LDE-00129-00076739-00077247 Plus a hat plus times the same quantity with I replace by minus. I pB_p_jL8LDE-00130-00077576-00078048 Finally we identify the cosine plus or minus I sine expressions as pB_p_jL8LDE-00131-00078104-00078696 e to the ikj and it's complex conjugate e to the minus I K Z so pB_p_jL8LDE-00132-00078785-00079152 a hat equals e^x square root 1 over 2 Omega pB_p_jL8LDE-00133-00079205-00079615 times the quantity a hat minus e to the ikj pB_p_jL8LDE-00134-00079679-00080004 plus a hat plus e to the minus I kz pB_p_jL8LDE-00135-00080507-00080971 Now let's extend this to describe a radiation field in three dimensional free space pB_p_jL8LDE-00136-00081423-00081902 Solution polarized in the X direction and propagating in the Z direction pB_p_jL8LDE-00137-00082110-00082243 And pB_p_jL8LDE-00138-00082243-00082725 Rotated in space so that it propagates in any desired direction EK pB_p_jL8LDE-00139-00082795-00083331 the rotation transforms e^x and ey into he k1 and e k2 pB_p_jL8LDE-00140-00083706-00084034 Propagation vector k has x y&z components pB_p_jL8LDE-00141-00084120-00084320 KX KY and KZ pB_p_jL8LDE-00142-00084387-00084555 its magnitude pB_p_jL8LDE-00143-00084555-00085189 square root KX squared plus K y squared plus KZ squared is the propagation constant and pB_p_jL8LDE-00144-00085224-00085493 Equal to the parameter K in the one dimensional wave pB_p_jL8LDE-00145-00085779-00086549 The propagation vector divided by its magnitude is the unit vector ek and the oscillation frequency Omega K pB_p_jL8LDE-00146-00086586-00086786 equals K pB_p_jL8LDE-00147-00086937-00087341 The propagation constant equals to PI over the wavelength lambda pB_p_jL8LDE-00148-00087424-00087788 Where the wavelength is the distance between wave Peaks or valleys? pB_p_jL8LDE-00149-00088129-00088831 In place of K times e and the one-dimensional expression we will have wave vector K dot position vector X pB_p_jL8LDE-00150-00088886-00089340 Equals KX X plus KY y plus K Z Z pB_p_jL8LDE-00151-00089648-00090280 Then the field operator for this mode is a hat equals square root 1 over 2 Omega k pB_p_jL8LDE-00152-00090370-00090987 èk alpha times quantity a hat minus k alpha e to the I pB_p_jL8LDE-00153-00091051-00091217 KX pB_p_jL8LDE-00154-00091217-00091717 Plus a hat plus K alpha e to the minus I K dot X pB_p_jL8LDE-00155-00091811-00092164 Here ek alpha can be EK 1 or EK 2? pB_p_jL8LDE-00156-00092646-00093406 Field is then the sum over all propagation vectors K and the two polarizations alpha of this mode expression pB_p_jL8LDE-00157-00093676-00094212 The operator a hat plus K alpha creates a photon in mode K alpha pB_p_jL8LDE-00158-00094262-00094539 the operator a hat minus K alpha pB_p_jL8LDE-00159-00094594-00094857 destroys a photon in mode K alpha pB_p_jL8LDE-00160-00095144-00095749 The hamiltonian operator for the entire field is simply the sum of the operators for each mode pB_p_jL8LDE-00161-00095831-00096391 1/2 quantity P hat K alpha squared plus Omega K squared pB_p_jL8LDE-00162-00096456-00096656 Q hat K alpha squared pB_p_jL8LDE-00163-00096976-00097761 Which can be written as the sum over all modes of the mode number operator plus 1/2 times H bar Omega K pB_p_jL8LDE-00164-00097832-00098628 Or the number operator and hat K alpha is a hat plus K alpha times a hat minus K alpha pB_p_jL8LDE-00165-00098985-00099770 Finally the wavefunction of the radiation field is simply a list of the number of photons in each mode n K alpha pB_p_jL8LDE-00166-00099823-00100023 Called the occupation numbers pB_p_jL8LDE-00167-00100478-00100979 Destruction operator for a given mode modifies only that modes occupation number pB_p_jL8LDE-00168-00101764-00101964 You pD8Ky-Maz6I-00000-00000712-00000942 Welcome to Spotlight. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00001-00000942-00001229 I'm Colin Lowther. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00002-00001229-00001797 Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00003-00001797-00003200 It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00004-00003200-00003689 A small girl walks through the streets. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00005-00003689-00003992 She is cold and hungry. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00006-00003992-00004689 Where can she find help on a cold winter's day? pD8Ky-Maz6I-00007-00004689-00004875 “Matches! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00008-00004875-00005146 Light your fires with my matches! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00009-00005146-00005712 Would you like to buy some matches sir? pD8Ky-Maz6I-00010-00005712-00005996 What about you madam? pD8Ky-Maz6I-00011-00005996-00006360 They are the best kind! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00012-00006360-00006613 Strike them against any wall! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00013-00006613-00006952 They will burn! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00014-00006952-00007650 Someone must want some matches - anyone?” pD8Ky-Maz6I-00015-00007650-00008159 The Little Match Girl is a popular story. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00016-00008159-00008708 Hans Christian Anderson wrote this story. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00017-00008708-00009395 He wrote many children's stories in the 1800s. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00018-00009395-00010277 People like to tell the story of the Little Match Girl during the Christmas season. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00019-00010277-00010828 Both adults and children enjoy it. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00020-00010828-00011478 But is it a sad story or a happy story? pD8Ky-Maz6I-00021-00011478-00012165 Liz Waid tells the story of the Little Match Girl. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00022-00012165-00012831 A cold wind blows across the town. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00023-00012831-00013544 People hurry along, holding their warm coats close to their bodies. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00024-00013544-00013795 It is a cold winter! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00025-00013795-00014693 They will be happy to get home to their warm fires and nice food. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00026-00014693-00015213 Street sellers count their money at the end of the day. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00027-00015213-00015924 But for the little match girl, there is no money to count. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00028-00015924-00016261 No one wants to buy her matches. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00029-00016261-00016693 So, she is afraid to go home. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00030-00016693-00017238 Her father will beat her for sure. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00031-00017238-00017607 The little girl walks across the street. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00032-00017607-00018145 The snow falls on her long hair. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00033-00018145-00018924 She looks up at the tall, beautiful houses as she passes. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00034-00018924-00019173 She can hear people laughing inside. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00035-00019173-00019995 The smell of food cooking rises in the air. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00036-00019995-00020709 The people are preparing their last meal before the New Year. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00037-00020709-00021331 The little match girl walks to a quiet street corner. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00038-00021331-00021768 She sits down, holding her knees. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00039-00021768-00022218 She tries to pull her feet under her body. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00040-00022218-00022590 They are so cold. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00041-00022590-00022991 She has no shoes or coat. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00042-00022991-00023629 Her feet are blue from walking on the cold ground. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00043-00023629-00023951 Maybe she should go home? pD8Ky-Maz6I-00044-00023951-00024381 But even her home is not warm. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00045-00024381-00024899 Her family has no money. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00046-00024899-00025380 The little girl puts her head in her hands. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00047-00025380-00025850 A tear wets the side of her face. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00048-00025850-00026423 If only she could be warm - for just a minute. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00049-00026423-00026938 Then, she has an idea - matches! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00050-00026938-00027320 She has her matches! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00051-00027320-00027881 Her father would be angry if she wasted any matches. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00052-00027881-00028514 But she only wants one, just one. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00053-00028514-00029022 Maybe it will warm her freezing fingers. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00054-00029022-00029355 The little girl gets a match. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00055-00029355-00029941 She strikes it against the wall - fire! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00056-00029941-00030522 The warm orange light shines in the darkness. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00057-00030522-00031147 The little girl looks hard at the small dancing fire. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00058-00031147-00031825 She imagines that she is sitting by a warm cooking oven. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00059-00031825-00032170 It seems so real! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00060-00032170-00032463 She can see the oven. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00061-00032463-00032806 She can feel its heat. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00062-00032806-00033290 She stretches her legs and warms her feet. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00063-00033290-00033578 How the fire burns! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00064-00033578-00034099 Then, the fire from the match goes out. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00065-00034099-00034391 The oven disappears. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00066-00034391-00034997 The little girl is once again in the cold darkness. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00067-00034997-00035616 Only the half-burnt match remains in her hand. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00068-00035616-00035977 The little girl is so sad. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00069-00035977-00036503 Her happiness had come and gone so quickly. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00070-00036503-00037015 Maybe she could burn one more match? pD8Ky-Maz6I-00071-00037015-00037244 She takes another. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00072-00037244-00037692 And she strikes it against the wall. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00073-00037692-00038062 Fire lights up her sad face. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00074-00038062-00038262 She smiles. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00075-00038262-00038778 This time, she sees the wall become thin. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00076-00038778-00039112 It is almost like paper. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00077-00039112-00039490 She can see through it! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00078-00039490-00039836 Behind it, she sees a room. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00079-00039836-00040024 Such beauty! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00080-00040024-00040705 There is a huge table with hot food on it! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00081-00040705-00041194 She can almost taste the hot food. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00082-00041194-00041869 She reaches out for a little to feed her hungry stomach. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00083-00041869-00042474 But suddenly the fire from the match goes out. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00084-00042474-00042918 Once more, everything disappears. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00085-00042918-00043412 Only the grey wall remains before her. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00086-00043412-00043880 So, the little girl strikes another match. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00087-00043880-00044324 The golden fire burns again. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00088-00044324-00045000 This time, she is under a huge Christmas tree! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00089-00045000-00045563 Beautiful bells and flowers hang from the tree. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00090-00045563-00045992 Lights shine from its green branches. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00091-00045992-00046666 It is the most beautiful tree she has ever seen! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00092-00046666-00047081 She reaches her hands toward the lights. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00093-00047081-00047391 Then, the match goes out. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00094-00047391-00048205 But the Christmas lights begin to change into stars in the sky. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00095-00048205-00048668 One of the stars falls back to earth. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00096-00048668-00048984 The little girl thinks to herself, pD8Ky-Maz6I-00097-00048984-00049469 “Someone must be dying”. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00098-00049469-00050034 The little girl starts to think of her dead grandmother. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00099-00050034-00051109 Her grandmother told her that when a star falls from the sky, a soul goes up to God. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00100-00051109-00051574 She misses her grandmother so much. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00101-00051574-00051941 The little girl lights another match. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00102-00051941-00052679 This time, standing in the light, she sees her grandmother! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00103-00052679-00053374 Her grandmother was the only person who ever showed her love. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00104-00053374-00053629 She looks beautiful. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00105-00053629-00053796 The little girl cries: pD8Ky-Maz6I-00106-00053796-00053896 ‘Grandmother! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00107-00053896-00054150 Take me with you! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00108-00054150-00054941 I know when the fire goes out you will disappear! pD8Ky-Maz6I-00109-00054941-00055314 Please take me with you!' pD8Ky-Maz6I-00110-00055314-00055732 The little girl takes all the matches. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00111-00055732-00056241 One by one she strikes them against the wall. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00112-00056241-00056869 She burns them quickly, so the picture does not disappear. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00113-00056869-00057262 The light shines brighter and brighter. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00114-00057262-00057570 It is as bright as day. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00115-00057570-00058039 She sees her grandmother more clearly. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00116-00058039-00058575 Her grandmother has never been so beautiful. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00117-00058575-00059073 The little girl reaches out to her grandmother. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00118-00059073-00059779 Her grandmother stretches out her arms to receive the little girl. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00119-00059779-00060300 The grandmother takes the little girl in her arms. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00120-00060300-00060929 They fly together in joy high above the earth. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00121-00060929-00061388 There is no cold, hunger or fear. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00122-00061388-00061820 They are with God. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00123-00061820-00062629 In the corner on the street, the little girl is leaning against the wall. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00124-00062629-00063154 She has red cheeks and a smiling mouth. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00125-00063154-00063505 But she is frozen. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00126-00063505-00064014 The New Year’s sun rises on the sad figure. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00127-00064014-00064646 The child sits there still and cold. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00128-00064646-00065324 She is holding a bundle of half-burned matches. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00129-00065324-00065847 Only a few people walk on the quiet streets. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00130-00065847-00066136 They stop at the street corner. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00131-00066136-00066698 They see a small body on the ground. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00132-00066698-00067108 The people comment, “Poor thing. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00133-00067108-00067507 She was trying to keep warm,” pD8Ky-Maz6I-00134-00067507-00068176 But no one knew the beautiful things she had seen. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00135-00068176-00068915 They did not know how happy she was to be with her grandmother. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00136-00068915-00069566 She had gone happily into the New Year. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00137-00069566-00070299 The little match girl is a popular story at Christmas time. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00138-00070299-00070649 It is an imaginary story. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00139-00070649-00071179 But people see many messages in it. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00140-00071179-00072018 Some people say the little match girl makes them think about people who have less than pD8Ky-Maz6I-00141-00072018-00072193 them. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00142-00072193-00073139 They think about people who may be poor or lonely at Christmas or the holidays. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00143-00073139-00073714 The story encourages them to help people in need. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00144-00073714-00074556 Other people see a message behind the pictures in the story. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00145-00074556-00075163 Each vision made the little match girl feel happy. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00146-00075163-00076093 But the picture she wanted to stay with her was the one of her grandmother. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00147-00076093-00077036 This was the only one that offered a different kind of happiness - love. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00148-00077036-00077893 Unconditional love is another message some people see in the story. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00149-00077893-00078597 The grandmother represents a love that does not die. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00150-00078597-00079468 This love carries the little girl to a place without pain or suffering. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00151-00079468-00080541 This makes some people think about God's love and heaven - especially at Christmastime. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00152-00080541-00081636 And they think of his love that will carry them to a better place one day — heaven. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00153-00081636-00082016 Have you heard this story before? pD8Ky-Maz6I-00154-00082016-00082713 Do you think this story was a sad story or a happy story? pD8Ky-Maz6I-00155-00082713-00083060 Tell us what you think. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00156-00083060-00083531 You can leave a comment on our website. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00157-00083531-00084354 Or email us at contact@spotlightenglish.com. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00158-00084354-00085213 You can also find us on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00159-00085213-00085719 The writer of this program was Marina Santee. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00160-00085719-00086125 The producer was Michio Ozaki. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00161-00086125-00086930 The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and the United States. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00162-00086930-00088338 You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at www.spotlightenglish.com. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00163-00088338-00089063 This program is called "The Story of the Little Match Girl." pD8Ky-Maz6I-00164-00089063-00089999 Visit our website to download our free official App for Android and Apple devices. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00165-00089999-00090629 We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. pD8Ky-Maz6I-00166-00090629-00091170 From all of us at Spotlight, Merry Christmas! pE_BLWLzsR0-00000-00000000-00000146 we provide online courses pGXj00WMO4I-00000-00000000-00000200 (free) iayze x regalia type beat 2022 - "calypso" pH0Kh6AftOU-00000-00000106-00000698 The passage of time, from our conscious beginnings in this wave of existence, is not known, we pH0Kh6AftOU-00001-00000698-00001213 are the descendants of survivors on a global setting and our cultural separation spans pH0Kh6AftOU-00002-00001213-00001660 the ages Time after time our kind have forced Human pH0Kh6AftOU-00003-00001660-00002305 existence back from the brink of extinction, and in doing so culture explodes and religion pH0Kh6AftOU-00004-00002305-00002891 emerges, from the ashes of the Gods we have continued to live, but the traumatic inflictions' pH0Kh6AftOU-00005-00002891-00003518 in our catastrophic timelines has altered the way we think, Trauma from the Cataclysms pH0Kh6AftOU-00006-00003518-00003976 witnessed by our kind inflicts Trauma and we should never underestimate the damage being pH0Kh6AftOU-00007-00003976-00004446 done to the ways we remember Wait till you hear this pH0Kh6AftOU-00008-00004446-00004943 The discovery of the past is sensational, here we are confronted by a time in Earths pH0Kh6AftOU-00009-00004943-00005554 cycle that is separated from our own, we are a people overwhelmed by the influence of the pH0Kh6AftOU-00010-00005554-00006003 God-Like activity in the Squatter-Man event yet still we try to connect this time to the pH0Kh6AftOU-00011-00006003-00006387 last, The people of Antiquity knew of the event, pH0Kh6AftOU-00012-00006387-00006858 their thoughts are assimilated from their ancestor's time living out the Cataclysm in pH0Kh6AftOU-00013-00006858-00007439 the caves, When Kronos to the Greeks, Vishnu to the Hindus or Ra to the Egyptians manifested pH0Kh6AftOU-00014-00007439-00008004 away from the stable light that it once was, When Earths people witnessed the Gods of the pH0Kh6AftOU-00015-00008004-00008572 Solar System exchange Plasma, but they described this over time in a way where it became believed pH0Kh6AftOU-00016-00008572-00009065 that these were Physical Gods, The Ancient Greeks are famed for their description pH0Kh6AftOU-00017-00009065-00009638 of the Gods, its all a manifestation of course but Greek culture utterly explodes around pH0Kh6AftOU-00018-00009638-00010099 the religious pantheons' and mighty empires emerge from the fear of the Gods being angered pH0Kh6AftOU-00019-00010099-00010677 again, this establishes control land seats Empires with Rulers who are seemingly keeping pH0Kh6AftOU-00020-00010677-00011188 the Gods appeased and directly representing them here on the Earth, but this must have pH0Kh6AftOU-00021-00011188-00011618 been implemented by people whom knew the truth, only now being picked at in the thunderbolts pH0Kh6AftOU-00022-00011618-00012213 and Squatter-Man Projects Delphi, Greece, 1894. pH0Kh6AftOU-00023-00012213-00012639 Archaeologists and workers pose in front of the magnificent statue of Antinous which was pH0Kh6AftOU-00024-00012639-00013004 unearthed near the Temple of Apollo in the sanctuary at Delphi. pH0Kh6AftOU-00025-00013004-00013628 The statue was discovered by a team of French archaeologists who in 1891 were granted permission pH0Kh6AftOU-00026-00013628-00013890 by the Greek government to excavate at Delphi. pH0Kh6AftOU-00027-00013890-00014447 In the summer of 1894, the team unearthed the exquisite statue of Antinous, which had pH0Kh6AftOU-00028-00014447-00014875 been commissioned by the emperor Hadrian in 130 AD. pH0Kh6AftOU-00029-00014875-00015331 Antinous was a young Greek who became the beloved companion of the Roman emperor Hadrian, pH0Kh6AftOU-00030-00015331-00015790 but who later died under mysterious circumstances along the Nile. pH0Kh6AftOU-00031-00015790-00016279 Greatly dismayed by the death of Antinous, Hadrian, who was an admirer and a passionate pH0Kh6AftOU-00032-00016279-00016915 supporter of classical Greek antiquity, as well as a benefactor of the Oracle of Delphi, pH0Kh6AftOU-00033-00016915-00017428 ordered that statues of the young man whom he had loved so passionately, be erected in pH0Kh6AftOU-00034-00017428-00017735 all sanctuaries and cities of his vast empire. pH0Kh6AftOU-00035-00017735-00018229 He additionally ordered the institution and establishment of athletic games in honor of pH0Kh6AftOU-00036-00018229-00018643 Antinous, who was then honored and worshiped as a god. pH0Kh6AftOU-00037-00018643-00019129 A statue of Antinous was accordingly erected within the sanctuary of Delphi after his death pH0Kh6AftOU-00038-00019129-00019278 in 130 A.D. pH0Kh6AftOU-00039-00019278-00021454 It is universally recognized as one of the most beautiful and impressive cult pHjjMlRmGcE-00000-00000522-00000652 So tell us about Jacob! pHjjMlRmGcE-00001-00000652-00000752 Who, Jaron? pHjjMlRmGcE-00002-00000752-00000871 I love Jaron! pHjjMlRmGcE-00003-00000872-00001172 He's so friendly and cute; I love to pinch his cheeks. pHjjMlRmGcE-00004-00001190-00001316 No, no, Jacob. pHjjMlRmGcE-00005-00001352-00001446 Oh, Jacob! He's alright. pHjjMlRmGcE-00006-00002330-00002814 So I remember going to the hospital and not being allowed to go in. pHjjMlRmGcE-00007-00002814-00003432 Cause I wanted to see mom because we had...someone was babysitting us, I think it was Tio Jason, pHjjMlRmGcE-00008-00003432-00003543 and we weren't allowed to see mom. pHjjMlRmGcE-00009-00003543-00003955 And so I was angry that we weren't allowed to see mom, but not necessarily Jacob. pHjjMlRmGcE-00010-00003956-00004438 I think I was one and a half when you were born. pHjjMlRmGcE-00011-00004629-00005044 I mean, I was too young to be excited for you, too young to be disappointed that you pHjjMlRmGcE-00012-00005044-00005556 were coming, but I can tell you now that you took most of my lap time. pHjjMlRmGcE-00013-00005975-00006428 To hear Isabel and Sierra tell it, Jacob's birth was this huge disturbance. pHjjMlRmGcE-00014-00006428-00006606 And that makes sense, they were one and five years old. pHjjMlRmGcE-00015-00006608-00006958 But I was 11 when Jacob was born, and he fit right in. pHjjMlRmGcE-00016-00010342-00010848 Jacob's a great athlete, he has a quick instinct for problem-solving, and he inherited the pHjjMlRmGcE-00017-00010848-00011024 infamous Prunés snark. pHjjMlRmGcE-00018-00012200-00012596 Jacob, I also want to share something with you very serious that I think you're already pHjjMlRmGcE-00019-00012596-00012708 thinking about. pHjjMlRmGcE-00020-00012720-00012918 Listen to your sisters. pHjjMlRmGcE-00021-00013044-00013572 The reason I say that is because they're gonna be able to protect you from a lot of stupid stuff pHjjMlRmGcE-00022-00013606-00013780 For a lot of different reasons. pHjjMlRmGcE-00023-00014016-00014556 You know your sisters; listen to them when they're trying to protect you, even though pHjjMlRmGcE-00024-00014556-00014688 you are a dude. pHjjMlRmGcE-00025-00014688-00015025 Because they know about some things that you don't know about, ok? pHjjMlRmGcE-00026-00015025-00015290 I think that's very important. pHjjMlRmGcE-00027-00015378-00015713 So 15... pHjjMlRmGcE-00028-00015713-00015902 Don't use Axe. pHjjMlRmGcE-00029-00015902-00016420 No Axe deorderant, no Axe shampoo, no Axe nothing. pHjjMlRmGcE-00030-00016438-00016604 No body spray. Nothing. pHjjMlRmGcE-00031-00016622-00016722 It stinks. pHjjMlRmGcE-00032-00016740-00016840 Girls don't like that. pHjjMlRmGcE-00033-00016914-00017344 What will really impress people is if you get a little...what is that called...COLOGNE. pHjjMlRmGcE-00034-00017354-00017512 Get it from your dad. pHjjMlRmGcE-00035-00017516-00017672 Steal it from your dad. pHjjMlRmGcE-00036-00017673-00017820 Or you could just ask him. pHjjMlRmGcE-00037-00017820-00017941 I mean if you're gonna... pHjjMlRmGcE-00038-00017941-00018129 I mean, still. pHjjMlRmGcE-00039-00018129-00018410 The point is, use cologne, don't use Axe. pHjjMlRmGcE-00040-00018430-00018742 You're going to impress so many people, you gonna move into so many places. pHjjMlRmGcE-00041-00018744-00018936 You'll get more hugs. And kisses. pHjjMlRmGcE-00042-00018940-00019044 That too. pHjjMlRmGcE-00043-00019602-00019802 Oh, did I mention he's a great dancer? ppB9XcjzmP4-00000-00000000-00000200 My Son is speaking English pQr25TjxMm8-00000-00000066-00000367 My three small steps in my career began with pQr25TjxMm8-00001-00000367-00000638 engine research and development, pQr25TjxMm8-00002-00000638-00000905 moving on to being the first female pQr25TjxMm8-00003-00000905-00001176 and service engineer in New England, pQr25TjxMm8-00004-00001176-00001476 and then implementation of pQr25TjxMm8-00005-00001476-00001693 our child development centers pQr25TjxMm8-00006-00001693-00001885 for corporate headquarters. pQr25TjxMm8-00007-00001885-00002077 And then my Giant Leap pQr25TjxMm8-00008-00002077-00002218 into general management in pQr25TjxMm8-00009-00002218-00002510 establishing centers for delivering products pQr25TjxMm8-00010-00002510-00002669 to our key growth markets. pQr25TjxMm8-00011-00002669-00003094 I'm Chris Wall, I graduated in 1980 pQr25TjxMm8-00012-00003094-00003336 with a degree in mechanical engineering, pQr25TjxMm8-00013-00003336-00003549 and I am a Purdue engineer. pX3BiBqyaSM-00000-00000000-00001041 SCP-2146 The Space Whale | object class euclid pX3BiBqyaSM-00001-00001121-00001487 Item #: SCP-2146 pX3BiBqyaSM-00002-00001487-00001709 Object Class: Euclid pX3BiBqyaSM-00003-00001709-00002613 Special Containment Procedures: SCP-2146 is presently commonly known as DDUSAT-12, and pX3BiBqyaSM-00004-00002613-00003171 is on record as a defunct communications satellite owned by Defense Design United, a holding pX3BiBqyaSM-00005-00003171-00003701 of Standard Communications Production, a Foundation front company. pX3BiBqyaSM-00006-00003701-00004222 This information was falsified and entered into the UN Register of Objects Launched into pX3BiBqyaSM-00007-00004222-00004436 Space by embedded agents. pX3BiBqyaSM-00008-00004436-00004869 It is believed such a registration will discourage close scrutiny. pX3BiBqyaSM-00009-00004869-00005511 Due to its size and location, recovery or containment is presently thought infeasible. pX3BiBqyaSM-00010-00005511-00005985 While the Foundation possesses assets capable of reaching the object and subsequently constructing pX3BiBqyaSM-00011-00005985-00006478 a containment structure or destabilizing its orbit, any such attempt would be too difficult pX3BiBqyaSM-00012-00006478-00006631 to conceal. pX3BiBqyaSM-00013-00006631-00007311 MTF-Mu-19 ('the Star-Struck') have been covertly inserted into various astronomical societies pX3BiBqyaSM-00014-00007311-00007781 in order to identify any potential breaches of the anomaly. pX3BiBqyaSM-00015-00007781-00008439 Individuals who discover SCP-2146 are to be either administered Class-B amnestics or discredited, pX3BiBqyaSM-00016-00008439-00008740 as is appropriate for the situation. pX3BiBqyaSM-00017-00008740-00009457 The transmissions known as SCP-2146-1 are presently impossible to suppress; however, pX3BiBqyaSM-00018-00009457-00009999 as the content of said transmissions is typically profoundly innocuous, it is considered a low-level pX3BiBqyaSM-00019-00009999-00010144 threat. pX3BiBqyaSM-00020-00010144-00010634 The signal has been shown to switch frequencies in early attempts to jam the signal; its method pX3BiBqyaSM-00021-00010634-00010895 of detecting the jamming is presently unknown. pX3BiBqyaSM-00022-00010895-00011609 Full jamming of the range of frequencies SCP-2146-1 broadcasts on would have disastrous effects pX3BiBqyaSM-00023-00011609-00011906 on civilian telecommunications. pX3BiBqyaSM-00024-00011906-00012388 The transmissions are to be monitored, and these procedures may be modified if the transmissions pX3BiBqyaSM-00025-00012388-00012941 ever begin to exhibit anomalous or otherwise dangerous properties or content. pX3BiBqyaSM-00026-00012941-00013341 Complaints to government organizations responsible for telecommunications regulation are to be pX3BiBqyaSM-00027-00013341-00013516 monitored. pX3BiBqyaSM-00028-00013516-00014169 The present cover story regarding SCP-2146-1 is that it is a pirate radio station broadcast pX3BiBqyaSM-00029-00014169-00014399 by an avant-garde art movement. pX3BiBqyaSM-00030-00014399-00015072 Description: SCP-2146 is the frozen corpse of an adult specimen of Balaena mysticetus pX3BiBqyaSM-00031-00015072-00015540 (the Bowhead Whale), which is presently in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO). pX3BiBqyaSM-00032-00015540-00016129 Its orbital path is circular with an inclination of 146 degrees (retrograde), and its orbital pX3BiBqyaSM-00033-00016129-00016487 period is 19.6 hours. pX3BiBqyaSM-00034-00016487-00016970 The object is approximately 17.5 meters in length, and while its gender is presently pX3BiBqyaSM-00035-00016970-00017543 unknown, it is (due to its size) statistically more likely to be a female instance of the pX3BiBqyaSM-00036-00017543-00017701 species. pX3BiBqyaSM-00037-00017701-00018188 Its estimated weight is approximately 30 tons, one-third that of a healthy specimen of its pX3BiBqyaSM-00038-00018188-00018437 species, due to desiccation. pX3BiBqyaSM-00039-00018437-00018955 In addition, the object has suffered significant corrosion from micro-impacts, and is deeply pX3BiBqyaSM-00040-00018955-00019426 cracked in a manner consistent with limited heat exchanges and radiation exposure typical pX3BiBqyaSM-00041-00019426-00019701 in a vacuum environment. pX3BiBqyaSM-00042-00019701-00020477 Once every Synodic Lunar month (29.5 days), SCP-2146 begins broadcasting radio signals, pX3BiBqyaSM-00043-00020477-00020937 presently designated SCP-2146-1. pX3BiBqyaSM-00044-00020937-00021287 These broadcasts range in duration from 2.5 to 18 minutes. pX3BiBqyaSM-00045-00021287-00021985 It is presently unknown how SCP-2146 transmits these broadcasts; telescopic viewing has not pX3BiBqyaSM-00046-00021985-00022887 shown any sign of radio-capable equipment on SCP-2146. pX3BiBqyaSM-00047-00022887-00023460 These broadcasts vary widely in both content and format: some appear to be documentaries, pX3BiBqyaSM-00048-00023460-00023953 others appear to be science fiction dramas (often of the space opera variety), others pX3BiBqyaSM-00049-00023953-00024379 seem to be children's shows, and others are songs or poems. pX3BiBqyaSM-00050-00024379-00024902 These broadcasts only feature an audio track, and in every case, features an entity presently pX3BiBqyaSM-00051-00024902-00025918 referred to as SCP-2146-2, who narrates, acts in, or sings the content of SCP-2146-1. pX3BiBqyaSM-00052-00025918-00026589 No other voices have yet been heard in SCP-2146-1 transmissions. pX3BiBqyaSM-00053-00026589-00027285 The SCP-2146-1 transmissions often feature unusual and occasionally disturbing content; pX3BiBqyaSM-00054-00027285-00027988 however, SCP-2146-2 is always cheerful to the point of jocularity in the broadcasts. pX3BiBqyaSM-00055-00027988-00028406 Its voice seems to be that of a middle-aged, deep-voiced man, and has been noted to speak pX3BiBqyaSM-00056-00028406-00029288 in a number of languages, including English, French, Norwegian, Russian, and Inuktitut. pX3BiBqyaSM-00057-00029288-00029933 SCP-2146-1 transmissions contain one other unifying feature: in every case, the contents pX3BiBqyaSM-00058-00029933-00030716 deal with a 'space whale,' a space-based Cetacean; however, the features, motivations and characterization pX3BiBqyaSM-00059-00030716-00031093 of this creature changes with each broadcast. pX3BiBqyaSM-00060-00031093-00031733 No information as to how SCP-2146 came to be located in Earth orbit has yet come to pX3BiBqyaSM-00061-00031733-00031833 light. pX3BiBqyaSM-00062-00031833-00032347 No launches involving Bowhead Whales, or of a size capable of transporting an intact Bowhead pX3BiBqyaSM-00063-00032347-00032558 Whale, are presently known to the Foundation. pX3BiBqyaSM-00064-00032558-00033472 Discovery: SCP-2146 was discovered in 19██, after a number of civilian complaints in several pX3BiBqyaSM-00065-00033472-00034085 developed nations in the Northern Hemisphere were linked by Foundation Analytical personnel. pX3BiBqyaSM-00066-00034085-00034611 These complaints were generally directed towards government offices that regulated telecommunications, pX3BiBqyaSM-00067-00034611-00035000 and always involved bizarre and disturbing radio show content. pX3BiBqyaSM-00068-00035000-00035878 The signal, later designated SCP-2146-1, was used to triangulate the location of its source, pX3BiBqyaSM-00069-00035878-00036059 SCP-2146. pX3BiBqyaSM-00070-00036059-00036635 Fortunately, developing telecommunications, and a subsequent increase in both radio traffic pX3BiBqyaSM-00071-00036635-00037253 and artificial orbital bodies have rendered SCP-2146 and its transmissions much more difficult pX3BiBqyaSM-00072-00037253-00037400 to isolate. pX3BiBqyaSM-00073-00037400-00037801 See above for the present containment procedures. pX3BiBqyaSM-00074-00037801-00038502 Access Granted Broadcast Date: ██/ ██/19██ pX3BiBqyaSM-00075-00038502-00039063 Duration: 2 minutes and 56 seconds Language: English pX3BiBqyaSM-00076-00039063-00039951 Content: A short jingle (SCP-2146-2 singing, apparently accompanied by guitar), apparently pX3BiBqyaSM-00077-00039951-00040384 for a children's show featuring Bay-Bo the Space Whale. pX3BiBqyaSM-00078-00040384-00040868 Notable lyrics include: 'He loves you so much, he's gonna eat your whole world up/ You get pX3BiBqyaSM-00079-00040868-00041386 to learn all about science in Bay-Bo's guts!' and 'Swims through space, the size of a star/ pX3BiBqyaSM-00080-00041386-00041816 he's the friendliest, nicest cosmic monster!' pX3BiBqyaSM-00081-00041816-00042385 Broadcast Date: ██/ ██/19██ Duration: 8 minutes and 14 seconds pX3BiBqyaSM-00082-00042385-00042980 Language: French Content: A short political manifesto laying pX3BiBqyaSM-00083-00042980-00043490 out the rights of 'Exocetaceans,' and making a number of derogatory claims regarding 'oppressive pX3BiBqyaSM-00084-00043490-00043749 higher-dimensional harpoonists.' pX3BiBqyaSM-00085-00043749-00044410 Notable content includes the Exocetaceans 'inalienable right to devour lesser races.' pX3BiBqyaSM-00086-00044410-00045107 Broadcast Date: ██/ ██/20██ Duration: 16 minutes and 3 seconds pX3BiBqyaSM-00087-00045107-00045663 Language: English Content: A melodramatic science-fiction production pX3BiBqyaSM-00088-00045663-00046358 of the 'Space Opera' variety, including orchestral scoring (not a match for any known piece). pX3BiBqyaSM-00089-00046358-00046818 Regards the quest of the 'Brave Space Whale Owaba' to defeat the evil empire and rescue pX3BiBqyaSM-00090-00046818-00047130 'Space Whale Princess Bawooha.' pX3BiBqyaSM-00091-00047130-00047822 Notable in that the evil empire seems to consist of beings in spacecraft (possibly humanoid). pX3BiBqyaSM-00092-00047822-00048388 Broadcast Date: ██/ ██/20██ Duration: 12 minutes and 51 seconds pX3BiBqyaSM-00093-00048388-00048999 Language: Norwegian Content: A documentary regarding the feeding pX3BiBqyaSM-00094-00048999-00049478 and mating practices of Balaena stellaris, the Space Whale. pX3BiBqyaSM-00095-00049478-00050103 Notable in that the species is, by its binomial nomenclature, identified as a Right Whale, pX3BiBqyaSM-00096-00050103-00050550 like SCP-2146 (as a Bowhead Whale). pX3BiBqyaSM-00097-00050550-00051069 Also, the reproduction of a Balaena stellaris apparently requires the 'utter destruction pX3BiBqyaSM-00098-00051069-00051278 of a primitive civilization.' pX3BiBqyaSM-00099-00051278-00051826 The reason behind this reproductive necessity is not made clear. pX3BiBqyaSM-00100-00051826-00052426 Broadcast Date: ██/ ██/20██ Duration: 6 minutes and 47 seconds pX3BiBqyaSM-00101-00052426-00053020 Language: Russian Content: A short science fiction tale about pX3BiBqyaSM-00102-00053020-00053506 a crew of (apparently human) biologists in a spacecraft, attempting to locate a legendary pX3BiBqyaSM-00103-00053506-00053779 creature (the space whale). pX3BiBqyaSM-00104-00053779-00054243 Most of the story consists of the scientists speculating on the nature of the space whale pX3BiBqyaSM-00105-00054243-00054611 in a pseudoscientific and mildly religious manner. pX3BiBqyaSM-00106-00054611-00055305 The story ends with the crew finding the space whale and, in awe, pledging to worship it. pX3BiBqyaSM-00107-00055305-00055877 Broadcast Date: ██/ ██/20██ Duration: 8 minutes and 22 seconds pX3BiBqyaSM-00108-00055877-00056419 Language: English Content: An episode of the children's show pX3BiBqyaSM-00109-00056419-00057058 'Bay-Bo the Space Whale,' which was featured in an earlier broadcast of SCP-2146-1 as a pX3BiBqyaSM-00110-00057058-00057266 jingle. pX3BiBqyaSM-00111-00057266-00057605 Involves a number of children in a spacecraft speaking through a 'communicator' with the pX3BiBqyaSM-00112-00057605-00058005 nearby Bay-Bo, a star-sized cetacean. pX3BiBqyaSM-00113-00058005-00058580 The episode consists of a simplified explanation of gravity, appropriate for 8- to 10-year-old pX3BiBqyaSM-00114-00058580-00058680 children. pX3BiBqyaSM-00115-00058680-00059185 The episode ends with the spacecraft crashing into Bay-Bo, and the narrator stating, 'And pX3BiBqyaSM-00116-00059185-00059333 the children all died. pX3BiBqyaSM-00117-00059333-00059573 They should have paid more attention to the lesson, I guess!' pZf2KXwkML8-00000-00000056-00000800 guys, i have just added my email address. so go to my about page, go scroll down a bit to my details, pZf2KXwkML8-00001-00000800-00001823 and you may be able to see my email address. okay, and it will also show my location as well. pbysE83PC40-00000-00000908-00001288 Design innovation is different for everybody. pbysE83PC40-00001-00001288-00001673 It's doing things a little bit differently than you've done them in the past. pbysE83PC40-00002-00001673-00002262 It's changing your processes and adapting based on things that happen to you pbysE83PC40-00003-00002262-00002450 and are exposed to your company. pbysE83PC40-00004-00002450-00003040 A lot of the innovation that we deal with on a daily basis is based around pbysE83PC40-00005-00003040-00003492 software, computers, technology, applications of software. pbysE83PC40-00006-00003492-00003892 When I consider my hiring process, I look for well-rounded individuals pbysE83PC40-00007-00003892-00004252 that can think for themselves, that are self-starters. pbysE83PC40-00008-00004252-00004666 They'll pick up on the technology piece, they'll pick up on the innovation. pbysE83PC40-00009-00004666-00004850 They'll learn better ways to do things. pbysE83PC40-00010-00004850-00005442 So, we look for people that are looking to expand their horizons and make themselves better. pbysE83PC40-00011-00005442-00005618 Technology changes every day. pbysE83PC40-00012-00005618-00006128 A good example of that is we integrate FANUC robots, and FANUC has some new software options that are pbysE83PC40-00013-00006128-00006352 available for automation equipment. pbysE83PC40-00014-00006352-00007166 And those could drastically cut down our time to get all the software programming done, get a turntable up and pbysE83PC40-00015-00007166-00007604 running, and handle all of the communication between various components. pbysE83PC40-00016-00007604-00008116 And if you don't take advantage of that type of stuff, then the job takes longer than you think, and you don't make pbysE83PC40-00017-00008116-00008200 as much money. pbysE83PC40-00018-00008200-00008938 It changes every facet of what we do, from simple things like adding a CRM package to help support our sales pbysE83PC40-00019-00008938-00009610 process, to adding different robots, being able to provide, one of the big ones we can provide now to our pbysE83PC40-00020-00009610-00009844 customers is Collaborative Robot Support. pbysE83PC40-00021-00009844-00010482 Collaborative Robot Support means we can put a production robot in there and not have any fencing pbysE83PC40-00022-00010482-00010548 around it. pbysE83PC40-00023-00010548-00010790 It can work next to the person, next to the operator. pbysE83PC40-00024-00010790-00010928 That can save on floor space. pbysE83PC40-00025-00010968-00011860 It can allow you to integrate tasks, where Task A and Task C are extremely good for the robot to do, pbysE83PC40-00026-00011860-00012150 but Task B is very difficult for the robot to do. pbysE83PC40-00027-00012204-00012876 So, you can actually set up a cell much easier now where the robot can do Task A, the person can do Task B, pbysE83PC40-00028-00012876-00013186 and the robot can do Task C, and they can work seamlessly together. pbysE83PC40-00029-00013186-00013530 That's an innovation that three or four years ago didn't really exist. pbysE83PC40-00030-00013530-00014018 Without design innovation and without taking advantage of it, we wouldn't be in business today. pbysE83PC40-00031-00014018-00014478 It's a necessary aspect of doing business on a daily basis. pbysE83PC40-00032-00014478-00014938 If you don't take advantage of the innovation and the opportunities that you have, pbysE83PC40-00033-00014938-00015113 you're gonna get left behind. pbysE83PC40-00034-00015113-00015424 There's always a better way to find do things. phIpifPPMFy-00000-00000271-00000599 What makes animation so special? phIpifPPMFy-00001-00000599-00001285 Is it the elegant simplicity? The bright colors? phIpifPPMFy-00002-00001285-00001923 The creative freedom to show impossible feats and alien creatures? phIpifPPMFy-00003-00001923-00002279 That could be a part of it, but it doesn’t explain why so many animated films phIpifPPMFy-00004-00002279-00002509 are simply down-to-Earth character dramas. phIpifPPMFy-00005-00002509-00003075 We now have live-action movies that show impossible things with a blend of hyper-realistic CGI, phIpifPPMFy-00006-00003075-00003660 and while the popularity of 3D animation has definitely overtaken traditional 2D drawings, phIpifPPMFy-00007-00003660-00004401 the fact is animated films are still around and they aren’t all trying to look real. phIpifPPMFy-00008-00004401-00005283 The clue, I think, to this intangible specialness is the association of animation and youth. phIpifPPMFy-00009-00005283-00005887 Before we’re beaten into conformist shape by an uncaring machine that prohibits fun, phIpifPPMFy-00010-00005887-00006669 the simplicity of a cartoon frame stimulates our minds by leaving the rest to imagination. phIpifPPMFy-00011-00006669-00007129 When a robot, alien, and you all appear equally real, phIpifPPMFy-00012-00007129-00007581 it empowers you to empathize with those unlike yourself. phIpifPPMFy-00013-00007581-00008011 If science fiction is the domain of allegories that reflect on social issues, phIpifPPMFy-00014-00008011-00008713 then animation is the accessible children’s version of those allegories. phIpifPPMFy-00015-00008713-00008999 So that’s where we’re going to start. phIpifPPMFy-00016-00008999-00009550 First on the agenda: Futurama. phIpifPPMFy-00017-00011110-00011864 “Insane In the Mainframe” is a 2001 episode of the sci-fi satire Futurama. phIpifPPMFy-00018-00011864-00012043 Season three (3), episode twelve (12). phIpifPPMFy-00019-00012043-00012528 In this episode, the transplanted-from-the-past Philip Fry and his robot friend Bender phIpifPPMFy-00020-00012528-00013119 get caught up in a bank robbery orchestrated by the craaazy knife-lovin’ Roberto. phIpifPPMFy-00021-00013119-00013569 Fry and Bender get tried in criminal court and found guilty of being insane. phIpifPPMFy-00022-00013569-00014196 Bender is sent to a psychiatric prison for robots, and Fry also goes to the same robot prison phIpifPPMFy-00023-00014197-00014680 Judge Whitey: "Mr. Fry, I sentence you to the Home for Criminally Insane Humans." phIpifPPMFy-00024-00014681-00015033 Bailiff: "Your Honor, that facility has been full ever since you ruled that being poor phIpifPPMFy-00025-00015033-00015133 is a mental illness." phIpifPPMFy-00026-00015133-00015463 Whitey:"Just send them both to the robot loony bin and let's go." phIpifPPMFy-00027-00015463-00015876 This is the turning point for the episode’s main story, or “the A plot” if you’re phIpifPPMFy-00028-00015876-00016000 into screenwriter lingo: phIpifPPMFy-00029-00016000-00016389 Fry’s experience as a human in a robot prison. phIpifPPMFy-00030-00016389-00016805 It’s also where the cracks start to show in this insightful social commentary. phIpifPPMFy-00031-00016805-00017306 You see, Futurama has a tendency to flirt with social issues, phIpifPPMFy-00032-00017306-00017838 but then abandon them for the sake of the episode’s future gag or for a cheap one-liner. phIpifPPMFy-00033-00017838-00018063 The recurring example is the sewer mutants: phIpifPPMFy-00034-00018063-00018570 The sewers are the slums and their inhabitants the oppressed lower class, phIpifPPMFy-00035-00018570-00019256 yet all the jokes including those from the mutants’ perspectives are about how ugly they are. phIpifPPMFy-00036-00019258-00019736 In this episode, we find a backdrop of social commentary in the prison, and the abuses it phIpifPPMFy-00037-00019737-00019916 commits against Fry. phIpifPPMFy-00038-00019916-00020343 Visual gags make reference to strip search, lobotomy, and electroconvulsive therapy, phIpifPPMFy-00039-00020343-00020813 but that’s all they are: little inconsequential jokes tossed in by the animator. phIpifPPMFy-00040-00020813-00021232 There’s a very overt reference to “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest”, a robot phIpifPPMFy-00041-00021232-00021369 Nurse Ratchet, phIpifPPMFy-00042-00021369-00021806 who does one thing and is of no consequence thereafter. phIpifPPMFy-00043-00021806-00022300 Bender plays somewhat of a McMurphy role, having fun with his personas and acting mad phIpifPPMFy-00044-00022300-00022427 on purpose. phIpifPPMFy-00045-00022427-00022880 Fry on the other hand insists that he doesn’t belong there, leading to the best line of phIpifPPMFy-00046-00022880-00022980 the episode: phIpifPPMFy-00047-00022980-00023433 Dr. Perceptron: “You were admitted to this robot asylum. Therefore, you must be a robot.” phIpifPPMFy-00048-00023433-00024015 That humorous construction of absurd troll logic is also uncomfortably true to real life: phIpifPPMFy-00049-00024015-00024725 No one in a psychiatric prison really gets any evaluation of… anything. phIpifPPMFy-00050-00024725-00025251 You happen to be here, therefore you belong here. phIpifPPMFy-00051-00025251-00025459 At the same time, it kind of misses the point. phIpifPPMFy-00052-00025459-00026062 There shouldn’t be any score you could get on a test that makes your existence illegal. phIpifPPMFy-00053-00026062-00026566 Yet Futurama seems more interested in falling right in line with the mainstream perspective phIpifPPMFy-00054-00026566-00026813 that some people deserve it. phIpifPPMFy-00055-00026813-00027158 Among those framed as falsely convicted, we have: phIpifPPMFy-00056-00027158-00027589 Norm, who is right about picking up radio transmissions from the CIA phIpifPPMFy-00057-00027589-00027908 and shouldn’t be deemed mad because he’s right. phIpifPPMFy-00058-00027908-00028246 Frankie, who is right about being a lunch worker phIpifPPMFy-00059-00028246-00028516 and shouldn’t be deemed mad because he’s right. phIpifPPMFy-00060-00028516-00028795 And Fry, who is right about himself being human phIpifPPMFy-00061-00028795-00028994 and shouldn’t be deemed mad because he’s right. phIpifPPMFy-00062-00028994-00029402 Hey, did we forget about the part where Fry is not only innocent of being a robot, but phIpifPPMFy-00063-00029402-00029788 also of the crime he was originally tried for? phIpifPPMFy-00064-00029788-00030386 Rather than leaning into the dark comedy of institution life, the writers pull their punches. phIpifPPMFy-00065-00030386-00031225 They undercut any moral by focusing on the error that a human was sent to a robot asylum, phIpifPPMFy-00066-00031225-00031687 as if sending Fry to a psychiatric prison for humans would be just fine and dandy? phIpifPPMFy-00067-00031687-00032388 Y’know it’s kinda like in real life when a trans woman gets put in a male prison phIpifPPMFy-00068-00032388-00033433 and instead of saying anything about confinement, restraint, seclusion, forced drugging, strip phIpifPPMFy-00069-00033433-00033653 searches, electroshock, phIpifPPMFy-00070-00033653-00033928 the solution that liberals jump to is phIpifPPMFy-00071-00033928-00034606 “Hey! You should restrain seclude drug strip and shock her in a women’s prison!” phIpifPPMFy-00072-00034606-00034778 Problem solved. phIpifPPMFy-00073-00034778-00035121 I do appreciate seeing that, much like in Cuckoo’s Nest, phIpifPPMFy-00074-00035121-00035652 it is the experience of the mental health system that actually drives our prisoner mad. phIpifPPMFy-00075-00035652-00036030 I just wish I could see a character already hearing voices phIpifPPMFy-00076-00036030-00036344 or having big moods, or actually being multiple characters, phIpifPPMFy-00077-00036344-00036818 and still getting by just fine until psychiatry intervenes. phIpifPPMFy-00078-00036818-00037149 Roberto does not scratch that itch. phIpifPPMFy-00079-00037149-00037571 He’s contrasted with Fry and Bender as being actually insane. phIpifPPMFy-00080-00037571-00038105 He’s one of the violent ones, who inevitably end up as farcical caricatures, phIpifPPMFy-00081-00038105-00038600 not because it’s a comedy show, but because there is no real life counterpart to base them on phIpifPPMFy-00082-00038609-00038938 Presumably we’re supposed to accept violent madbot Roberto phIpifPPMFy-00083-00038938-00039352 as justification for why societies need psychiatric prisons, phIpifPPMFy-00084-00039352-00039618 despite the writer admitting just a minute ago phIpifPPMFy-00085-00039618-00039886 that those prisons commit atrocities against their prisoners phIpifPPMFy-00086-00039886-00040159 and really have nothing to do with rehabilitation, phIpifPPMFy-00087-00040159-00040387 any more than mainstream prisons do. phIpifPPMFy-00088-00040387-00040749 Roberto ends up Fry’s convenient new cellmate, but not a moment too soon phIpifPPMFy-00089-00040749-00041112 Fry jumps through a time portal in the commercial break and is released, phIpifPPMFy-00090-00041112-00041480 having been “cured” of his “delusions of humanity.” phIpifPPMFy-00091-00041480-00041934 Once again we have an opportunity to lean into dark comedy, phIpifPPMFy-00092-00041934-00042256 by addressing Fry’s post-traumatic stress. phIpifPPMFy-00093-00042256-00043110 We could have seen a joke about a box of donuts frightening him by resembling the medication discs, phIpifPPMFy-00094-00043115-00043694 or an awkward logistic puzzle sending him and Bender on a delivery mission when he can’t phIpifPPMFy-00095-00043694-00043855 be around robots any more, phIpifPPMFy-00096-00043855-00044366 all the while Bender accuses him of being robo-racist. phIpifPPMFy-00097-00044366-00044718 Instead, none of those things happen. phIpifPPMFy-00098-00044718-00045205 Instead the only thing wrong with Fry is that he thinks he’s a robot, phIpifPPMFy-00099-00045205-00045550 and the butt of every joke is that he tries to do robot things phIpifPPMFy-00100-00045550-00045784 but is too weak and stupid because he’s Fry. phIpifPPMFy-00101-00045784-00046224 There’s a bit of a “have cake and eat it too” problem going on here. phIpifPPMFy-00102-00046224-00046347 Let me illustrate by example. phIpifPPMFy-00103-00046347-00046644 A microcosm of it can be found in the same episode: phIpifPPMFy-00104-00046644-00047081 The professor makes a sexist joke, and Amy slaps him for it. phIpifPPMFy-00105-00047081-00047527 It’s easy to imagine how this may have played out in the writer’s room… phIpifPPMFy-00106-00047527-00047922 Writer: “Dude, what if Leela says that thing about being a woman, phIpifPPMFy-00107-00047922-00048174 and then someone tells her to do his laundry?” phIpifPPMFy-00108-00048174-00048783 Second writer: “Aw yeah that’s so funny, but wait, isn’t that really sexist? phIpifPPMFy-00109-00048783-00049250 And won’t people think WE’RE sexist for putting that in?” phIpifPPMFy-00110-00049250-00049437 First writer again:“Nah bruh, phIpifPPMFy-00111-00049437-00049828 we’ll just have another character slap him for saying it.” phIpifPPMFy-00112-00049828-00050468 The problem here is, okay, you lampshaded the comment, but it was still commented. phIpifPPMFy-00113-00050468-00050925 Someone had to write it, hand it to the voice actor, and keep it in the final cut. phIpifPPMFy-00114-00050925-00051263 We know that real people did those things. phIpifPPMFy-00115-00051263-00051451 And the lampshade really feels like an afterthought. phIpifPPMFy-00116-00051451-00051876 Amy doesn’t even get a line, just an animation and a sound effect. phIpifPPMFy-00117-00051876-00052177 There’s a real possibility that Amy being in the shot at all phIpifPPMFy-00118-00052177-00052567 was added extremely late in the process, as a last-minute save. phIpifPPMFy-00119-00052567-00053038 The show wants to make sexist jokes, but not face any consequence for it. phIpifPPMFy-00120-00053038-00053347 The show wants to have a plot where characters get arrested, phIpifPPMFy-00121-00053347-00053674 sent to a psychiatric prison, and are different upon release, phIpifPPMFy-00122-00053674-00054054 but this light and fluffy Sunday night serial can’t get too deep phIpifPPMFy-00123-00054054-00054358 lest the average viewer stop laughing at it, phIpifPPMFy-00124-00054358-00054678 and everything has to reset by the end of the episode. phIpifPPMFy-00125-00054678-00055100 So Fry gets snapped out of his delusion by a single piece of contrary evidence, phIpifPPMFy-00126-00055100-00055280 and story ends. phIpifPPMFy-00127-00055280-00055712 Roberto reveals that his violent tendencies may be the result of childhood trauma phIpifPPMFy-00128-00055712-00056445 which is not remotely how that works, but okay, fine, I guess robots are different phIpifPPMFy-00129-00056445-00056780 and then instead of giving him any sort of catharsis or rehabilitation, phIpifPPMFy-00130-00056780-00057127 it turns out to be a throw-away joke line. phIpifPPMFy-00131-00057127-00057467 He literally exits the script by throwing himself out the window. phIpifPPMFy-00132-00057467-00057665 The newer episodes kick him down even more: phIpifPPMFy-00133-00057665-00058090 Bender’s Game reveals that there’s actually no reason for Roberto being the way he is, phIpifPPMFy-00134-00058090-00058603 he’s just programmed to be insane. He can’t help it. phIpifPPMFy-00135-00058603-00059033 He has the robot equivalent of a biological brain disease. phIpifPPMFy-00136-00059033-00059409 Bender, like he does in most episodes, learns nothing. phIpifPPMFy-00137-00059409-00059710 You can almost take that as a commentary in itself. phIpifPPMFy-00138-00059710-00059978 Maybe this show is actually self-aware. phIpifPPMFy-00139-00059978-00060391 Maybe the writers tried to do something real but got censored. phIpifPPMFy-00140-00060391-00060766 Bender is sprinkled throughout the episode as the willing psych patient. phIpifPPMFy-00141-00060766-00061047 He thinks of the prison around him as a vacation, phIpifPPMFy-00142-00061047-00061244 sees nothing wrong with how it’s operated, phIpifPPMFy-00143-00061244-00061653 and is blissfully unaware of the privileges he gets by holding this view. phIpifPPMFy-00144-00061653-00062077 I like to think of Bender’s attitude here as a stand-in for the audience, phIpifPPMFy-00145-00062077-00062441 an observation made all the more accurate the less they realize it. phIpifPPMFy-00146-00062441-00063010 I of course didn’t realize it either because I was like seven (7) years old when this episode came out, phIpifPPMFy-00147-00063017-00063624 and because the important satire is tucked away in one-liners and visual gags, phIpifPPMFy-00148-00063624-00064007 while the main plot says something different. phIpifPPMFy-00149-00064007-00064429 Futurama shows us horrible practices carried out in future prison, phIpifPPMFy-00150-00064429-00065262 and the lesson we learn from the allegory should be “don’t imprison people.” phIpifPPMFy-00151-00065262-00065410 But it’s not. phIpifPPMFy-00152-00065410-00065696 By leaning heavily on the false conviction trope, phIpifPPMFy-00153-00065696-00066193 our focus is directed to the fact that our main character was misfiled, phIpifPPMFy-00154-00066193-00066476 leading to a much weaker takeaway: phIpifPPMFy-00155-00066476-00067001 “don’t send your prisoners to the wrong prison.” phIpifPPMFy-00156-00068000-00068616 “Phineas and Ferb Get Busted” is a 2009 episode of, no surprise, Phineas and Ferb. phIpifPPMFy-00157-00068616-00068775 Season one (1), episode forty-five (45). phIpifPPMFy-00158-00068775-00068983 I didn’t quite grow up with this show. phIpifPPMFy-00159-00068983-00069423 I was in my teens when it came out and closer to twenty (20) when I actually saw it. phIpifPPMFy-00160-00069423-00069673 Luckily, Phineas and Ferb is one of those children’s shows phIpifPPMFy-00161-00069673-00069962 written with the knowledge that adults may watch it too. phIpifPPMFy-00162-00069962-00070411 Except in this case it was accomplished by being clever, interesting, and fun phIpifPPMFy-00163-00070411-00070656 rather than by making coded sex jokes. phIpifPPMFy-00164-00070656-00070917 There are lots of formulas driving this show. phIpifPPMFy-00165-00070917-00071424 In most episodes, Phineas and Ferb build or invent some outlandish big thing, phIpifPPMFy-00166-00071424-00071607 their older brother Kevin tries to show phIpifPPMFy-00167-00071607-00072017 Yes his name is Kevin. The zebra can see his true self, that’s why he calls him that. phIpifPPMFy-00168-00072017-00072377 Too late, it’s canon now. Protect this beautiful trans boy phIpifPPMFy-00169-00072377-00072626 he tries to show the big thing to their mother Linda, phIpifPPMFy-00170-00072626-00072970 but for some reason it disappears before mom arrives. phIpifPPMFy-00171-00072970-00073301 And Perry the Platypus thwarts the latest evil scheme of Dr. Doofenshmirtz. phIpifPPMFy-00172-00073301-00073843 Phineas and Ferb also has episodes that purposely defy the formula, and this is one of them. phIpifPPMFy-00173-00073843-00074236 Kevin brings Linda to see the big thing, and it’s still there. phIpifPPMFy-00174-00074236-00074382 The boys are caught in the act. phIpifPPMFy-00175-00074382-00074835 In response, Linda shares some disturbingly unhealthy attitudes phIpifPPMFy-00176-00074835-00075124 towards her children and her role in parenting them, phIpifPPMFy-00177-00075124-00075556 which I don’t think the person who wrote the dialogue saw that way. phIpifPPMFy-00178-00075556-00075929 She offers one serious objection to the tower being “dangerous”, phIpifPPMFy-00179-00075929-00076550 but then her main concern seems to be that they didn’t get her permission to build it. phIpifPPMFy-00180-00076558-00077360 As if granting or denying permission isn’t about the reasons behind it but an end-goal in itself. phIpifPPMFy-00181-00077369-00077657 She also admits to collecting her older son’s stories phIpifPPMFy-00182-00077657-00078089 with a long-term goal to make fun of him in a stand-up comedy routine, phIpifPPMFy-00183-00078089-00078590 and she only apologizes for it because he was right and she was wrong. phIpifPPMFy-00184-00078590-00079297 Oh hey it’s like a motif or maybe the writers grew up with the same cultural biases or something. phIpifPPMFy-00185-00079297-00079810 In their anger, Lawrence and Linda send the boys away to a reformatory school, phIpifPPMFy-00186-00079810-00080218 which if you know the history of reformatories is not actually a deceptive label. phIpifPPMFy-00187-00080218-00080706 The Tri-State Penitentiary fakeout gag turns to be not a fakeout after all. phIpifPPMFy-00188-00080706-00081360 This is an act of paternalism, in the most literal sense of parents exercising unjustified phIpifPPMFy-00189-00081360-00081525 legal power over their children, phIpifPPMFy-00190-00081525-00081958 and also in the psychiatric sense of committing violence against a person, phIpifPPMFy-00191-00081958-00082352 in this case imprisonment, supposedly in the victim’s own best interest. phIpifPPMFy-00192-00082352-00082667 Linda: “I’m sorry, but this is really for your own good.” phIpifPPMFy-00193-00082667-00083027 P & F are of course children, somewhere between the age of seven (7) and twelve (12), phIpifPPMFy-00194-00083027-00083329 so some degree of parental control may be necessary. phIpifPPMFy-00195-00083329-00083741 While I will say outright that eighteen (18) is the wrong arbitrary cutoff, phIpifPPMFy-00196-00083741-00084132 exactly how young we should shift legal power is fuzzier and debateable. phIpifPPMFy-00197-00084132-00084769 However, the portrayal of these inventors clearly isn’t just as naive children, phIpifPPMFy-00198-00084769-00085104 any more than secret agent Perry the Platypus is just a pet. phIpifPPMFy-00199-00085104-00085584 So despite the artifice of character age, the depiction of a prison bus does ring true phIpifPPMFy-00200-00085584-00085792 for captive adults as well. phIpifPPMFy-00201-00085792-00086241 The Smile Away Reform School isn’t a mental institution per se, phIpifPPMFy-00202-00086241-00086734 rather it is stylized like a criminal prison and run by a military school drill sergeant. phIpifPPMFy-00203-00086734-00086900 This was probably to be more relatable, phIpifPPMFy-00204-00086900-00087220 on account of our culture having established stereotypes phIpifPPMFy-00205-00087220-00087469 of how prisons and armies are supposedly run. phIpifPPMFy-00206-00087469-00087687 The parallels are not difficult to draw though: phIpifPPMFy-00207-00087687-00087871 you’re imprisoned - not allowed to leave - phIpifPPMFy-00208-00087871-00088227 you have to follow a rigid schedule, the goal is conformity, phIpifPPMFy-00209-00088227-00088431 any original thought is severely punished, phIpifPPMFy-00210-00088431-00088778 and all of this is allegedly for your own good. phIpifPPMFy-00211-00088778-00089050 The episode hits a few prison and army tropes phIpifPPMFy-00212-00089050-00089348 like the pickaxes and the yelly drill sergeant, phIpifPPMFy-00213-00089348-00089930 while also finding some notes of realism that seem as if they must have had psychiatry in mind. phIpifPPMFy-00214-00089937-00090293 Most of the prisoners look like they’re only following the rules because their spirits phIpifPPMFy-00215-00090293-00090395 have been crushed. phIpifPPMFy-00216-00090395-00090930 The overall theme is that Phineas and Ferb keep finding creative ways to subvert their instructions. phIpifPPMFy-00217-00090939-00091387 which reminds me of my own institution experience copying each other’s attendance signatures phIpifPPMFy-00218-00091387-00091540 to mess with the staff. phIpifPPMFy-00219-00091540-00091972 What I found the most important commentary was over too soon: phIpifPPMFy-00220-00091972-00092585 The boys are shown painting on canvas, but with everyone drawing identical boring squares. phIpifPPMFy-00221-00092585-00093505 There you go, reformists. There it is. There’s the problem with art therapy: phIpifPPMFy-00222-00093505-00094120 You can imagine a healthy expression of feelings, but drop it in the hands of psychiatry phIpifPPMFy-00223-00094120-00094655 and they’ll ooze around it and crush it and dole it out in meager portions phIpifPPMFy-00224-00094655-00094995 until it’s nothing more than a meaningless series of commands, phIpifPPMFy-00225-00094995-00095313 one more compliance test in a series of millions. phIpifPPMFy-00226-00095313-00095623 Did I mention there’s waterboarding in this episode? phIpifPPMFy-00227-00095623-00096024 Not sure how they snuck that one into a children’s cartoon. phIpifPPMFy-00228-00096024-00096343 Anyway, Kevin hatches a plan to bust his brothers out, phIpifPPMFy-00229-00096343-00096610 Hmm where have I seen that before? phIpifPPMFy-00230-00096610-00096969 He succeeds in the prison break, and manages to snap them out of their programming phIpifPPMFy-00231-00096969-00097402 because, again, fun serial children’s cartoon, no lasting trauma. phIpifPPMFy-00232-00097402-00097550 That apparently wasn’t enough though: phIpifPPMFy-00233-00097550-00098120 they had to solve the “mom knows about the inventions” problem in order to get a full reset, phIpifPPMFy-00234-00098121-00098454 so it turns out the whole episode was a dream. phIpifPPMFy-00235-00098454-00098852 Oh hey, did you notice how I foreshadowed that with the Inception music? phIpifPPMFy-00236-00098852-00099269 I thought it was clever. I’m sorry. phIpifPPMFy-00237-00099269-00099410 But it doesn’t end there. phIpifPPMFy-00238-00099410-00099897 In another twist, the whole thing was Perry dreaming about Kevin dreaming- phIpifPPMFy-00239-00099897-00100242 which doesn’t even make sense like how would Perry know about the talking zebra? phIpifPPMFy-00240-00100242-00100763 There’s so much padding at the end that the whole prison thing winds up losing focus phIpifPPMFy-00241-00100763-00101257 in favor of wacky bait and switch gags with no significance to the earlier plot. phIpifPPMFy-00242-00101257-00101700 Like the sudden recovery in Futurama, “Phineas and Ferb Get Busted” pulls away phIpifPPMFy-00243-00101700-00101860 when things get too heavy. phIpifPPMFy-00244-00101867-00102200 I can’t tell if the padding is there to stretch a twenty (20) minute story into phIpifPPMFy-00245-00102200-00102359 the full twenty-two (22), phIpifPPMFy-00246-00102359-00102879 because it also feels like emotional padding to intentionally lesson the impact. phIpifPPMFy-00247-00102879-00103173 On reflection, I don’t know which message is more dangerous, phIpifPPMFy-00248-00103173-00103753 that confinement in a psychiatric prison is no big deal because it has no lasting consequence, phIpifPPMFy-00249-00103753-00104393 or that you just don’t have to worry about it because it would never really happen. phIpifPPMFy-00250-00104393-00105430 “American Fung” is a 2015 episode of Republican satire American Dad. phIpifPPMFy-00251-00105430-00105624 Season ten (10), episode seventeen (17). phIpifPPMFy-00252-00105624-00105916 This is the most recent episode we’re going to cover today, phIpifPPMFy-00253-00105916-00106371 and appropriately to our theme of personal history, the most… adult? phIpifPPMFy-00254-00106371-00106857 I hesitate to call anything from the mind of Seth MacFarlane “mature”, phIpifPPMFy-00255-00106857-00107203 but at times it does get pretty dark, pretty serious, phIpifPPMFy-00256-00107203-00107572 not very stylized and just presenting the real world. phIpifPPMFy-00257-00107572-00108055 The story goes that husband-father-CIA agent Staniel Smith phIpifPPMFy-00258-00108055-00108635 forgets his marriage anniversary with Francine, and hatches a plan to buy himself time: phIpifPPMFy-00259-00108635-00108878 by getting her locked up in a psychiatric jail. phIpifPPMFy-00260-00108878-00109202 Bullock: “It’s a shame your wife is of sound mind, phIpifPPMFy-00261-00109202-00109474 because if she were to be kept in a mental institution, phIpifPPMFy-00262-00109474-00109889 it could buy you some much needed anniversary planning time.” phIpifPPMFy-00263-00109889-00110287 Stan: “Wait a minute. We could just accuse Francine of being crazy phIpifPPMFy-00264-00110287-00110551 and get her locked up on a seventy-two (72) hour psych hold!” phIpifPPMFy-00265-00110551-00110824 Also, a Chinese billionaire has purchased the show. phIpifPPMFy-00266-00110824-00111128 It’s racist and has nothing to do with the main plot phIpifPPMFy-00267-00111128-00111512 so that’s all we’re gonna say about it! phIpifPPMFy-00268-00111512-00111949 Unlike Hal Institute or the Smile Away Reformatory, phIpifPPMFy-00269-00111949-00112390 this jail is simply titled “Fairfax county psychiatric hospital.” phIpifPPMFy-00270-00112390-00112600 There’s no joke there. phIpifPPMFy-00271-00112600-00112759 When Stan comes to pick up Francine, phIpifPPMFy-00272-00112759-00113260 she figures out that he orchestrated the whole thing and straight-up says “I hate you.” phIpifPPMFy-00273-00113260-00113724 Like I said, this fluffy cartoon comedy gets pretty dark. phIpifPPMFy-00274-00113724-00114179 As in the previous two (2) examples, the jail causes more problems than it solves. phIpifPPMFy-00275-00114179-00114545 The major difference here is that the writers seem more interested in phIpifPPMFy-00276-00114545-00114865 rightly blaming the guy who sent her there, phIpifPPMFy-00277-00114865-00115105 who won’t acknowledge that he did anything wrong. phIpifPPMFy-00278-00115105-00115367 The doctors almost seem reasonable by comparison. phIpifPPMFy-00279-00115367-00115697 Dr. Miller: “YOU seem to be Francine’s trigger.” phIpifPPMFy-00280-00115697-00116226 Finally realizing his responsibility in creating the situation (at least momentarily) phIpifPPMFy-00281-00116226-00116449 Stan vows to break Francine out. phIpifPPMFy-00282-00116449-00116917 Why does everyone think the most interesting plot for a prison setting is to NOT be in phIpifPPMFy-00283-00116917-00117058 the prison any more?? phIpifPPMFy-00284-00117058-00117326 Okay, in this case the breakout is a failure. phIpifPPMFy-00285-00117326-00117572 Stan and Francine wake up in an operating room, phIpifPPMFy-00286-00117572-00117858 Stan gets a lobotomy, and the episode ends. phIpifPPMFy-00287-00117858-00118334 And by “ends” I mean goes back to the Chinese billionaire stuff for another three phIpifPPMFy-00288-00118334-00118535 (3) minutes and then ends. phIpifPPMFy-00289-00118535-00119007 I think the lesson here, at least what I personally took away from it, phIpifPPMFy-00290-00119007-00119505 is that the world tries to paint over the bad stuff with jokes and apathy, phIpifPPMFy-00291-00119505-00119692 but the bad stuff still happened. phIpifPPMFy-00292-00119692-00120249 It’s sort of like “Cabaret” but condensed into a twenty (20) minute cartoon. phIpifPPMFy-00293-00120249-00120765 We can decide not to focus on what happened and pretend everything’s okay, phIpifPPMFy-00294-00120765-00121127 but that doesn’t mean we don’t remember it. phIpifPPMFy-00295-00121127-00121534 The transitions between the episode’s two (2) plots are very abrupt phIpifPPMFy-00296-00121534-00121920 and while I don’t have any faith in the show writers doing that with purpose, phIpifPPMFy-00297-00121920-00122292 what I got from it was a theme of distraction. phIpifPPMFy-00298-00122292-00122689 Every time the mental health stuff gets a little too real, phIpifPPMFy-00299-00122689-00123074 we pull back to a joke about product placement or some diet racism. phIpifPPMFy-00300-00123074-00123627 Yeah, there’s atrocities happening to innocent people every moment of every day, phIpifPPMFy-00301-00123627-00123914 but don’t think about that. phIpifPPMFy-00302-00123914-00124300 Like its predecessors, American Fung does a decent job depicting phIpifPPMFy-00303-00124300-00124585 the reality of psychiatric incarceration, phIpifPPMFy-00304-00124585-00124947 but doesn’t have the balls to commit the entire episode to it, phIpifPPMFy-00305-00124947-00125196 nor to follow through in its conclusion. phIpifPPMFy-00306-00125196-00125522 There’s important lessons to be found in the cracks, phIpifPPMFy-00307-00125522-00125755 but it could have done more. phIpifPPMFy-00308-00126250-00126869 And that brings us back to the present, back to sobering adulthood. phIpifPPMFy-00309-00126869-00127298 I’m sorry to say not a lot of cultural progress has been made in this time. phIpifPPMFy-00310-00127298-00127942 The most optimistic thing I could say is that people are more willing to share their labels? phIpifPPMFy-00311-00127942-00128391 Like when someone says they’re depressed we don’t instantly think “lazy”? phIpifPPMFy-00312-00128391-00128683 We don’t assume a multiple system is going to kill us? phIpifPPMFy-00313-00128683-00128978 There’s less stigma, I guess, phIpifPPMFy-00314-00128978-00129215 but at the same time we have organizations like NAMI phIpifPPMFy-00315-00129215-00129719 calling to “end the stigma” against locking people up and forcing drugs on them. phIpifPPMFy-00316-00129719-00130053 I set out to find stories about psychiatric incarceration, phIpifPPMFy-00317-00130053-00130682 and I had to cast a net fourteen (14) years wide in order to find three (3) examples, phIpifPPMFy-00318-00130682-00130910 all three (3) of which miss the point in some way phIpifPPMFy-00319-00130910-00131221 and conclude on irrelevant distractions. phIpifPPMFy-00320-00131221-00131548 Our society really doesn’t wanna talk about this stuff. phIpifPPMFy-00321-00131548-00131749 At least, not the ugly parts. phIpifPPMFy-00322-00131749-00132325 It’s easy enough to find a respected politician or conference keynote or news anchor phIpifPPMFy-00323-00132325-00133040 euphemistically calling for “services” to remove Scary Mental Illness from public view. phIpifPPMFy-00324-00133047-00133546 It’s nearly impossible to find one talking in terms of human rights. phIpifPPMFy-00325-00133546-00134130 At the end of these three (3) stories, I feel as if I just heard the same story three (3) times: phIpifPPMFy-00326-00134135-00134314 Innocent neurotypical is wrongly convicted- phIpifPPMFy-00327-00134314-00134800 as if declaring a person “mentally ill” could ever be rightful conviction- phIpifPPMFy-00328-00134800-00135149 horrible stuff happens to them as it would in any prison, phIpifPPMFy-00329-00135149-00135464 someone tries a breakout to rescue them from these awful conditions, phIpifPPMFy-00330-00135464-00135708 you’d think healing from trauma would come next phIpifPPMFy-00331-00135708-00135890 but no, nevermind everything’s fine phIpifPPMFy-00332-00135890-00136141 don’t worry your pretty little head about it. phIpifPPMFy-00333-00136141-00136651 The stories we grow up with as children have the potential to inspire us, phIpifPPMFy-00334-00136651-00137149 to open up new horizons, and to teach us important life lessons. phIpifPPMFy-00335-00137149-00137566 But in order for a story to do anything, someone has to write it. phIpifPPMFy-00336-00137566-00137972 Animation may seem magical, but writers are not. They’re just people. phIpifPPMFy-00337-00137972-00138415 They’ve grown up with the same cultural biases that others around them have shared. phIpifPPMFy-00338-00138415-00139030 When a writer isn’t conscious of that, when they think their value judgments are just facts, phIpifPPMFy-00339-00139037-00139365 the same bias and judgment seeps into their work. phIpifPPMFy-00340-00139365-00139700 The life lesson we get from watching is to hold the view phIpifPPMFy-00341-00139700-00140003 that the writer thinks everyone should hold. phIpifPPMFy-00342-00140003-00140384 I definitely don’t believe we can blame all the sanism in the world phIpifPPMFy-00343-00140384-00140645 on a few twenty (20) minute cartoon episodes, phIpifPPMFy-00344-00140645-00140914 but they haven’t done much to challenge it either. phIpifPPMFy-00345-00140914-00141348 Because they didn’t want to, because their creators didn’t think it was important. phIpifPPMFy-00346-00141348-00141963 In my mind I can picture animators right now crafting stories to teach their children phIpifPPMFy-00347-00141963-00142498 not to be scared of Muslims or immigrants or trans people, phIpifPPMFy-00348-00142498-00142620 but Madness? phIpifPPMFy-00349-00142620-00143025 “Sorry, you’ll just have to wait your turn.” phIpifPPMFy-00350-00143620-00144291 I’m not sure how we went from wondrous children’s inspiration to ice-cold cynicism. phIpifPPMFy-00351-00144291-00144535 I swear I didn’t plan that. phIpifPPMFy-00352-00144535-00144991 Hey there all you girls, boys, and little enby joys. phIpifPPMFy-00353-00144991-00145441 I want to thank you for lending me your time and your listening ear. phIpifPPMFy-00354-00145441-00145923 Or maybe your eyes, oh yeah shoutout to my Deaf peeps! phIpifPPMFy-00355-00145923-00146189 I also wanna thank Mikey Neumann at FilmJoy phIpifPPMFy-00356-00146189-00146963 for starting this whole animation - personal story - community series thing. phIpifPPMFy-00357-00146963-00147405 And also in general, showing me how it’s possible to analyze something you like phIpifPPMFy-00358-00147405-00147934 and be both insightful and entertaining. Well I think I am. phIpifPPMFy-00359-00147934-00148210 As always I gotta ask for a like and subscribe, phIpifPPMFy-00360-00148210-00148475 or else the company hosting this video will send me a wellness check. phIpifPPMFy-00361-00148475-00148936 And tell me in the comments what my next video should be about. phIpifPPMFy-00362-00148936-00149285 Is this the part where the video actually ends? phIpifPPMFy-00363-00149285-00149566 Yes. Yes it is. pjA62sqN1dk-00000-00000988-00001275 Looking for a mid-century modern home right here in the heart of Coral Springs? pjA62sqN1dk-00001-00001303-00001895 This Andy Mandel with the Mandel Team at RE/MAX and I am super excited to show you my newest listing here in the Ramblewood pjA62sqN1dk-00002-00001896-00002454 neighborhood of Coral Springs. It's a four-bed, two-bath house. It's got a fully fenced in yard with a pool, pjA62sqN1dk-00003-00002532-00002670 a gorgeous backyard, pjA62sqN1dk-00004-00002670-00003200 totally updated! I know you're absolutely going to love it. Don't just take it from me. Come on in. Let's take a look plLtQ5V_tCY-00000-00002098-00002529 GET THIS BEAT WITHOUT VOICE TAGS: WWW.ARSENIALBEATS.COM / LINK IN DESCRIPTION plLtQ5V_tCY-00001-00006958-00007467 GET THIS BEAT WITHOUT VOICE TAGS: WWW.ARSENIALBEATS.COM / LINK IN DESCRIPTION pm1NUK4ta2I-00000-00000000-00000200 The oven has become even more spacious, and the ceiling is more pm1NUK4ta2I-00001-00000200-00000400 vaulted, repeating the design of a traditional wood-burning stove. The air pm1NUK4ta2I-00002-00000400-00000600 circulates freely, envelops the product from all sides, making it tender and pm1NUK4ta2I-00003-00000600-00000800 juicy inside and incredibly crunchy. The quality and type of enamel is pm1NUK4ta2I-00004-00000800-00001000 extremely important for the quality of the oven and its operation. SilverMatte pm1NUK4ta2I-00005-00001000-00001200 is a super-resistant and high-strength material that can withstand very high pm1NUK4ta2I-00006-00001200-00001400 temperatures and pyrolytic cleaning at 500°C. thanks to the use of completely pm1NUK4ta2I-00007-00001400-00001600 new pyrolytic enamel in all lines of the new generation of Gorenje ovens, the pm1NUK4ta2I-00008-00001600-00001800 effectiveness of the AquaClean function is much improved. The AquaClean pm1NUK4ta2I-00009-00001800-00002000 function is a tangible aid in cleaning the working chamber. In the new generation pm1NUK4ta2I-00010-00002000-00002200 of Gorenje ovens, the vaulted ceiling is hidden behind the front upper wall, pm1NUK4ta2I-00011-00002200-00002400 which creates additional volume and allows air to circulate freely. In the pm1NUK4ta2I-00012-00002400-00002600 new generation of Gorenje ovens, the vaulted ceiling is hidden behind the front pm1NUK4ta2I-00013-00002600-00002800 upper wall, which creates additional volume and allows air to circulate freely. pm1NUK4ta2I-00014-00002800-00003000 Excellent cooking results in Gorenje ovens are achieved by carefully placing pm1NUK4ta2I-00015-00003000-00003200 the upper heating elements: a large heater is located along the perimeter pm1NUK4ta2I-00016-00003200-00003400 of the ceiling, a small infra-heater is located closer to the center. All stainless pm1NUK4ta2I-00017-00003400-00003600 against fingerprints. This means that the kitchen will remain radiant and cleaning pm1NUK4ta2I-00018-00003600-00003800 will be easy, even if you touch the oven with dirty hands. pmEOV8f4vUk-00000-00000058-00000351 - All right. The large intestine, pmEOV8f4vUk-00001-00000354-00000881 we are not breaking it down into its parts. pmEOV8f4vUk-00002-00000883-00001035 We're just looking at it in general. pmEOV8f4vUk-00003-00001037-00001485 And I'm going to tell you how I tell pmEOV8f4vUk-00004-00001487-00001651 if I'm in the large intestine. pmEOV8f4vUk-00005-00001654-00001818 And it's a relative feature. pmEOV8f4vUk-00006-00001820-00002193 Most of these features are relative, which means pmEOV8f4vUk-00007-00002195-00002389 that's one of the reasons why I think histology pmEOV8f4vUk-00008-00002391-00002697 is frustrating for people because it is relative. pmEOV8f4vUk-00009-00002699-00002843 Depending on the critter that you pick, pmEOV8f4vUk-00010-00002845-00002997 how long are the villi? pmEOV8f4vUk-00011-00002999-00003205 How many glands do you see? pmEOV8f4vUk-00012-00003208-00003397 Are there really billions of Peyer's patches pmEOV8f4vUk-00013-00003399-00003501 like what you would expect? pmEOV8f4vUk-00014-00003504-00003793 Or are there fewer Peyer's patches? pmEOV8f4vUk-00015-00003795-00003997 And that's just normal variation. pmEOV8f4vUk-00016-00003999-00004268 You're going to see some differences like that. pmEOV8f4vUk-00017-00004270-00004626 In the large intestine, you are going--you're going to see pmEOV8f4vUk-00018-00004629-00004789 lymphatic nodules. pmEOV8f4vUk-00019-00004791-00004997 You're just not going to see billions of them. pmEOV8f4vUk-00020-00004999-00005497 And the key that we're going to look for is goblet cells. pmEOV8f4vUk-00021-00005499-00006010 Goblet cells in the epithelial tissue. Why? pmEOV8f4vUk-00022-00006012-00006401 Just think on that little functional problem for a second. pmEOV8f4vUk-00023-00006404-00006726 Like why would we have billions of goblet cells pmEOV8f4vUk-00024-00006729-00007097 in your large intestine? pmEOV8f4vUk-00025-00007099-00007351 Remember those goblet cells they look a little something, pmEOV8f4vUk-00026-00007354-00007510 something like this. pmEOV8f4vUk-00027-00007512-00007610 And what did they do? pmEOV8f4vUk-00028-00007612-00007789 They're embedded in with pmEOV8f4vUk-00029-00007791-00008397 all the rest of the simple columnar epithelium. pmEOV8f4vUk-00030-00008399-00008651 Yeah. This is actually a really pretty drawing right now pmEOV8f4vUk-00031-00008654-00008897 so I'm going to keep going. pmEOV8f4vUk-00032-00008899-00009343 What do they make? Holy mucus barfage. pmEOV8f4vUk-00033-00009345-00009814 Mucus. You are absorbing water in the large intestine. pmEOV8f4vUk-00034-00009816-00010126 You're sucking the water out of your doo-doo. pmEOV8f4vUk-00035-00010129-00010435 And if you do not want your doo-doo to get stuck in there, pmEOV8f4vUk-00036-00010437-00010647 you better make some mucus so it gets a little slippery pmEOV8f4vUk-00037-00010650-00010839 so you can get it out. pmEOV8f4vUk-00038-00010841-00011014 Right? pmEOV8f4vUk-00039-00011016-00011297 Makes complete functional sense why we would see pmEOV8f4vUk-00040-00011299-00011697 such a structure in the large intestine. pmEOV8f4vUk-00041-00011699-00012072 The last piece of histology that we have is the pancreas. pmEOV8f4vUk-00042-00012075-00012497 We're going to look at pancreatic histology as well pmEOV8f4vUk-00043-00012499-00012845 and hopefully it will be relatively easy to do. q0ypM8t2TFc-00000-00000001-00000980 (Music playing) q0ypM8t2TFc-00001-00000980-00001388 Want your road vehicle component to stand out in the market? q0ypM8t2TFc-00002-00001388-00001700 Under the Road Vehicle Standards (or RVS) laws, q0ypM8t2TFc-00003-00001700-00002264 vehicle component manufacturers can apply for a component type approval. q0ypM8t2TFc-00004-00002264-00002628 While it is not compulsory to seek an RVS approval, q0ypM8t2TFc-00005-00002628-00002952 there are a number of benefits if you do. q0ypM8t2TFc-00006-00002952-00003236 When your vehicle component is approved by us, q0ypM8t2TFc-00007-00003236-00003460 it proves to your customers that your component q0ypM8t2TFc-00008-00003460-00003840 meets the necessary RVS national road vehicle standards q0ypM8t2TFc-00009-00003840-00004304 and is manufactured in a way that produces consistent quality. q0ypM8t2TFc-00010-00004304-00004564 From a vehicle manufacturer’s perspective, q0ypM8t2TFc-00011-00004564-00004960 a key benefit to using RVS-approved vehicle components q0ypM8t2TFc-00012-00004960-00005156 is that it enables them to streamline q0ypM8t2TFc-00013-00005156-00005544 their vehicle type approval application process. q0ypM8t2TFc-00014-00005544-00005900 Vehicle manufacturers can rely on your component type approval q0ypM8t2TFc-00015-00005900-00006356 to demonstrate compliance without having to provide separate evidence. q0ypM8t2TFc-00016-00006356-00006792 So, what vehicle components are eligible for a component type approval q0ypM8t2TFc-00017-00006792-00007116 under the Road Vehicle Standards legislation? q0ypM8t2TFc-00018-00007116-00007344 You can apply for a component type approval q0ypM8t2TFc-00019-00007344-00007588 for either a single vehicle component q0ypM8t2TFc-00020-00007588-00007895 or an assembly of one or more components. q0ypM8t2TFc-00021-00007895-00008120 But only if they can be assessed for compliance q0ypM8t2TFc-00022-00008120-00008424 against the Australian Design Rules. q0ypM8t2TFc-00023-00008424-00008764 Applying is easy, in our ROVER portal. q0ypM8t2TFc-00024-00008764-00009120 Simply complete and submit the online form in ROVER q0ypM8t2TFc-00025-00009120-00009464 which leads you through the steps to apply. q0ypM8t2TFc-00026-00009464-00009600 In your application, q0ypM8t2TFc-00027-00009600-00009920 you’ll need to declare that you meet the eligibility criteria q0ypM8t2TFc-00028-00009920-00010304 and provide documentation to support your claim. q0ypM8t2TFc-00029-00010304-00010548 You’ll also need to show that you have full control q0ypM8t2TFc-00030-00010548-00010856 over the quality and consistency of production, q0ypM8t2TFc-00031-00010856-00011288 and explain the type of quality management system you have in place. q0ypM8t2TFc-00032-00011288-00011528 Go to ROVER to create an account q0ypM8t2TFc-00033-00011528-00011876 and apply for a component type approval. q0ypM8t2TFc-00034-00011876-00012052 Road vehicle standards – q0ypM8t2TFc-00035-00012052-00012468 keeping Australians safe on our roads. q6_cl2fZP9E-00000-00001699-00001902 So who am "I"? q6_cl2fZP9E-00001-00001902-00002239 You say "You are my PUREST child, q6_cl2fZP9E-00002-00002262-00002493 and that's why I named you that" q6_cl2fZP9E-00003-00002493-00002707 Still can't understand anything q6_cl2fZP9E-00004-00002718-00002918 I just want to remember the person who smiled at me q6_cl2fZP9E-00005-00002918-00003078 Who is he? q6_cl2fZP9E-00006-00003078-00003234 "The only thing you need to know is... q6_cl2fZP9E-00007-00003246-00003446 don't let anyone tarnish this 'purity'" q6_cl2fZP9E-00008-00003446-00003678 I think again about that q6_cl2fZP9E-00009-00003678-00003839 garden in my memory q6_cl2fZP9E-00010-00003839-00004002 Ah, who is that person? q6_cl2fZP9E-00011-00004002-00004302 You say "You're not obligated to understand this thing" q6_cl2fZP9E-00012-00004401-00004649 I understand you've been hiding something q6_cl2fZP9E-00013-00004649-00004846 But that will never change q6_cl2fZP9E-00014-00004846-00005086 I just want to remember the person who smiled at me q6_cl2fZP9E-00015-00005086-00005234 Who is he? q6_cl2fZP9E-00016-00005234-00005379 The only thing I know is that q6_cl2fZP9E-00017-00005379-00005573 What you call "purity" is not "no evil". q6_cl2fZP9E-00018-00005573-00005814 I think again about that q6_cl2fZP9E-00019-00005814-00005976 garden in my memory. q6_cl2fZP9E-00020-00006068-00006268 Thank you for watching! q6_cl2fZP9E-00021-00006303-00006702 Made through Scratch, it took about 1 month, 547 programs, 43 costumes q7MbVxgENgu-00000-00000047-00000547 (upbeat instrumental music) q7MbVxgENgu-00001-00000687-00001006 (upbeat instrumental music) q7MbVxgENgu-00002-00001006-00001279 - Welcome to First Impressions, where we're after q7MbVxgENgu-00003-00001279-00001561 organic and real impressions of our listings, q7MbVxgENgu-00004-00001561-00001830 and no better way to start it but 2800 Ocean Front q7MbVxgENgu-00005-00001830-00001937 in beautiful Laguna Beach. q7MbVxgENgu-00006-00001937-00002228 We are literally on the sand and Scott, our team member, q7MbVxgENgu-00007-00002228-00002516 has not even seen this home yet, so I can't wait to show him q7MbVxgENgu-00008-00002516-00002789 and get his real first impression. q7MbVxgENgu-00009-00002789-00003232 (upbeat instrumental music) q7MbVxgENgu-00010-00003232-00003329 - Hey, hey. - There he is. q7MbVxgENgu-00011-00003329-00003497 Hey welcome to 2800 Ocean Front. q7MbVxgENgu-00012-00003497-00003581 What are your first impressions? q7MbVxgENgu-00013-00003581-00003792 - I'm so excited to be where the first thing was amazing. q7MbVxgENgu-00014-00003792-00004025 I pulled up and there's like 6 parking spots, q7MbVxgENgu-00015-00004025-00004296 which is unheard of at the beach so I easily swung in. q7MbVxgENgu-00016-00004296-00004436 Then second, I opened the door q7MbVxgENgu-00017-00004436-00004561 and I could hear the ocean already. q7MbVxgENgu-00018-00004561-00004740 - I know, it's beautiful, I can't wait q7MbVxgENgu-00019-00004740-00004838 'cause we're gonna get even closer, q7MbVxgENgu-00020-00004838-00004948 we're gonna be on the sand q7MbVxgENgu-00021-00004948-00005114 so I can't wait to show Scott all of this. q7MbVxgENgu-00022-00005114-00005393 Let's head down the stairs and check it out. q7MbVxgENgu-00023-00005393-00005893 (upbeat instrumental music) q7MbVxgENgu-00024-00006041-00006408 (upbeat instrumental music) q7MbVxgENgu-00025-00006520-00006645 Okay so we're at the front door. q7MbVxgENgu-00026-00006645-00006809 What are your first impressions of the walk? q7MbVxgENgu-00027-00006809-00006906 - You know I loved it, as we were kinda q7MbVxgENgu-00028-00006906-00007119 coming down the stairs I could start feeling q7MbVxgENgu-00029-00007119-00007450 the sense of the ocean, just sensory overload in a way q7MbVxgENgu-00030-00007450-00007706 'cause I could hear it, I could start smelling the salt air. q7MbVxgENgu-00031-00007706-00007869 It was nice to take a break on the way down q7MbVxgENgu-00032-00007869-00008152 and check out that great sitting area, lounging area. q7MbVxgENgu-00033-00008152-00008293 - Oh yeah, that's the lounge area there. q7MbVxgENgu-00034-00008293-00008512 it's just for the owner's unit here which is awesome. q7MbVxgENgu-00035-00008512-00008602 Are you ready to take a look? q7MbVxgENgu-00036-00008602-00008786 - Let's do it. - All right, let's go. q7MbVxgENgu-00037-00008890-00008976 - Whoa. q7MbVxgENgu-00038-00009072-00009277 Well I can see why the address is Ocean Front. q7MbVxgENgu-00039-00009277-00009538 I mean Victoria Beach is iconic here in Laguna, q7MbVxgENgu-00040-00009538-00009748 and there's so few homes here but my gosh q7MbVxgENgu-00041-00009748-00009951 I feel like I literally have my own private beach. q7MbVxgENgu-00042-00009951-00010211 - [Lane] So you've taken two steps and you already stopped. q7MbVxgENgu-00043-00010211-00010340 - My jaw dropped. q7MbVxgENgu-00044-00010340-00010438 - Jaw drops, wow. q7MbVxgENgu-00045-00010438-00010564 Let's take a look at the rest of the house. q7MbVxgENgu-00046-00010564-00010679 - Let's do it. q7MbVxgENgu-00047-00010679-00011163 (upbeat instrumental music) q7MbVxgENgu-00048-00011275-00011443 - So this is a wonderful kitchen. q7MbVxgENgu-00049-00011443-00011605 Oh my gosh it's unbelievable. q7MbVxgENgu-00050-00011605-00011757 - This countertop, I love this waterfall. q7MbVxgENgu-00051-00011757-00011990 - Isn't it? Look at the waterfall effect here. q7MbVxgENgu-00052-00011990-00012109 (indistinct) Pretty cool. q7MbVxgENgu-00053-00012109-00012291 - This kitchen is awesome, I love all these cabinets q7MbVxgENgu-00054-00012291-00012396 way up here. q7MbVxgENgu-00055-00012396-00012530 You got your built-in fridge here. q7MbVxgENgu-00056-00012530-00012763 - It's all hidden, the dishwasher's hidden too. q7MbVxgENgu-00057-00012763-00012990 - It's really sleek, it's really really sleek. q7MbVxgENgu-00058-00012990-00013277 - Anywhere you sit down, you're gonna have an ocean view. q7MbVxgENgu-00059-00013277-00013484 I mean you can come to the dining area here, right? q7MbVxgENgu-00060-00013484-00013862 And you can open up to the terrace out here, and again, q7MbVxgENgu-00061-00013862-00014094 you're just getting that much closer to the water. q7MbVxgENgu-00062-00014094-00014454 I see more blue honestly out this window than I see sand. q7MbVxgENgu-00063-00014454-00014611 - [Scott] This is awesome. q7MbVxgENgu-00064-00014611-00014941 - So I know the first reaction is let's go out here, right? q7MbVxgENgu-00065-00014941-00015059 - Yeah, yeah. - That's what you wanna do. q7MbVxgENgu-00066-00015059-00015247 But there's still a wonderful family room here, q7MbVxgENgu-00067-00015247-00015502 so even if you wanna come in, relax, q7MbVxgENgu-00068-00015502-00015868 maybe watch something on TV, you can still comfortably sit, q7MbVxgENgu-00069-00015868-00016149 have it all opened up with these accordion-style doors, q7MbVxgENgu-00070-00016149-00016458 and overlook the unbelievable beach here. q7MbVxgENgu-00071-00016458-00016541 - [Scott] I'm just noticing that you've got q7MbVxgENgu-00072-00016541-00016729 these doors that I love, kind of, I call them q7MbVxgENgu-00073-00016729-00017009 visible infinity doors, they just kind of slide across q7MbVxgENgu-00074-00017009-00017342 and disappear and then this becomes part of the room. q7MbVxgENgu-00075-00017342-00017706 - [Lane] All right, check out the master suite, this is it. q7MbVxgENgu-00076-00017706-00017914 - Cool space, it's serene, and kind of q7MbVxgENgu-00077-00017914-00018159 tucked away and quiet, but I'm already (indistinct). q7MbVxgENgu-00078-00018159-00018307 - Jump on it. q7MbVxgENgu-00079-00018307-00018435 What do you see? q7MbVxgENgu-00080-00018435-00018518 - The ocean. q7MbVxgENgu-00081-00018518-00018601 - [Lane] The ocean. q7MbVxgENgu-00082-00018601-00018762 You get to wake up every morning right there. q7MbVxgENgu-00083-00018762-00019059 - I'm gonna wake up, I'm gonna check out the ocean. q7MbVxgENgu-00084-00019144-00019273 Wow, is that the bathroom? q7MbVxgENgu-00085-00019273-00019393 - That's the bathroom. q7MbVxgENgu-00086-00019393-00019584 - It looks really crazy. - Let's go take a look. q7MbVxgENgu-00087-00019584-00019689 - My first impression of this space q7MbVxgENgu-00088-00019689-00019826 is the perfect couple's bathroom, q7MbVxgENgu-00089-00019826-00020044 'cause you've got the dual vanities. q7MbVxgENgu-00090-00020044-00020239 It's kind of the setting that makes it easy for you q7MbVxgENgu-00091-00020239-00020421 to create a romantic setting (indistinct) q7MbVxgENgu-00092-00020421-00020596 And the script is kinda started already. q7MbVxgENgu-00093-00020596-00020800 - Best time to do it, right after sunset. q7MbVxgENgu-00094-00020800-00020897 - I love it. q7MbVxgENgu-00095-00020897-00021031 And you've got the solar tube skylights in here q7MbVxgENgu-00096-00021031-00021189 bringing in some natural light. q7MbVxgENgu-00097-00021189-00021345 I think it's really well designed. q7MbVxgENgu-00098-00021345-00021845 (upbeat instrumental music) q7MbVxgENgu-00099-00022176-00022603 - So welcome to the entertainer's paradise. q7MbVxgENgu-00100-00022603-00022713 - [Scott] I like it, and you've got like another q7MbVxgENgu-00101-00022713-00022962 kinda party kitchen down here, so you could just q7MbVxgENgu-00102-00022962-00023229 literally have a beach party indoors, outdoors. q7MbVxgENgu-00103-00023229-00023326 - [Lane] Absolutely. q7MbVxgENgu-00104-00023326-00023409 - [Scott] Help them go into the sand. q7MbVxgENgu-00105-00023409-00023603 - I've got something for you that way we... q7MbVxgENgu-00106-00023603-00023885 I think it'd be good to head to the sand q7MbVxgENgu-00107-00023885-00024156 with a little bit of a refreshing beverage, shall we? q7MbVxgENgu-00108-00024156-00024466 So, let's get a little sparkling water q7MbVxgENgu-00109-00024466-00024622 and check out the sand. q7MbVxgENgu-00110-00024622-00024794 - This is so cool, I love it, and you've got like q7MbVxgENgu-00111-00024794-00025100 what is it, a wine fridge and a beverage fridge down here? q7MbVxgENgu-00112-00025187-00025474 - [Scott] Around your corner here, another bathroom. q7MbVxgENgu-00113-00025474-00025557 - I was wondering about that, q7MbVxgENgu-00114-00025557-00025860 I was thinking is there a beach bath, so to speak, q7MbVxgENgu-00115-00025860-00026041 where you come in off the sand? q7MbVxgENgu-00116-00026041-00026154 - [Lane] Absolutely. q7MbVxgENgu-00117-00026154-00026286 If you want your guests to actually q7MbVxgENgu-00118-00026286-00026416 stay on a different level from you, q7MbVxgENgu-00119-00026416-00026583 you can turn this into a guest quarters q7MbVxgENgu-00120-00026583-00026772 where there's a full shower and bathroom q7MbVxgENgu-00121-00026772-00026888 and everything down here. q7MbVxgENgu-00122-00026888-00027114 They can sneak out, grab some of the boards q7MbVxgENgu-00123-00027114-00027405 out of the closet here, go have a nice little, you know. q7MbVxgENgu-00124-00027405-00027857 You can go skim boarding and you can have a board out there. q7MbVxgENgu-00125-00027857-00028357 (upbeat instrumental music) q7MbVxgENgu-00126-00028831-00029061 We're right here at 50 steps, man. q7MbVxgENgu-00127-00029061-00029333 think about it, 50 steps to the ocean. q7MbVxgENgu-00128-00029333-00029488 - That's insane, cheers man. q7MbVxgENgu-00129-00029488-00029808 - Wow, what a beautiful beautiful property here. q7MbVxgENgu-00130-00029808-00030029 One thing I will also want you to take note of: q7MbVxgENgu-00131-00030029-00030193 If you take a look at the front of the home here. q7MbVxgENgu-00132-00030193-00030308 - Yeah. q7MbVxgENgu-00133-00030308-00030499 - It's about twice the size of what you're gonna see q7MbVxgENgu-00134-00030499-00030649 as far as the neighboring homes, and that's true, q7MbVxgENgu-00135-00030649-00030895 because it's on a 10,000 square foot lot. q7MbVxgENgu-00136-00030895-00031200 You have 60 feet of beach frontage here, q7MbVxgENgu-00137-00031200-00031418 whereas some of the others that you were looking at, q7MbVxgENgu-00138-00031418-00031586 half that, 30 feet. q7MbVxgENgu-00139-00031586-00031795 - You know, that's valuable valuable real estate. q7MbVxgENgu-00140-00031795-00031973 - It really is, It really is. q7MbVxgENgu-00141-00031973-00032116 I got a lot of your first impressions. q7MbVxgENgu-00142-00032116-00032200 - Yup. q7MbVxgENgu-00143-00032200-00032362 - What are your final impressions? q7MbVxgENgu-00144-00032362-00032499 - You know my lasting impression q7MbVxgENgu-00145-00032499-00032675 is just a little reiteration of what I had said. q7MbVxgENgu-00146-00032675-00032970 I could see how this takes the beach lifestyle q7MbVxgENgu-00147-00032970-00033103 to another level. q7MbVxgENgu-00148-00033103-00033384 It's completely different being on the sand, q7MbVxgENgu-00149-00033384-00033518 than being on the water. q7MbVxgENgu-00150-00033518-00033723 Of course I'm on the water here like many houses are q7MbVxgENgu-00151-00033723-00033851 whether they're on a cliff or whatever, q7MbVxgENgu-00152-00033851-00034055 but I'm also on the sand. q7MbVxgENgu-00153-00034055-00034282 It's an immersive experience and I think it creates q7MbVxgENgu-00154-00034282-00034485 an immersive lifestyle unlike any other. q7MbVxgENgu-00155-00034485-00034579 - Absolutely, absolutely. q7MbVxgENgu-00156-00034579-00034868 I mean we're just walking distance in a way, q7MbVxgENgu-00157-00034868-00035079 like less than a mile from Montage Resort, q7MbVxgENgu-00158-00035079-00035263 so you could have some sort of a lunch q7MbVxgENgu-00159-00035263-00035443 or an evening cocktail there. q7MbVxgENgu-00160-00035443-00035575 And you can go to Laguna Village, q7MbVxgENgu-00161-00035575-00035866 like you're very well located, and parking is a breeze, q7MbVxgENgu-00162-00035866-00036046 you never have to worry about parking here. q7MbVxgENgu-00163-00036046-00036377 It's just incredible, incredible home and property. q7MbVxgENgu-00164-00036377-00036551 - It totally is you know, I compared it to some of the homes q7MbVxgENgu-00165-00036551-00036712 at Newport Beach for example, where you're like q7MbVxgENgu-00166-00036712-00036977 300 steps to the sand, parking is impossible. q7MbVxgENgu-00167-00036977-00037166 Takes forever to get in and out. q7MbVxgENgu-00168-00037166-00037381 And again living in Laguna I know we're like five minutes q7MbVxgENgu-00169-00037381-00037600 away from every amenity that I would want. q7MbVxgENgu-00170-00037600-00037997 Being on the sand, and again, my other final impression is q7MbVxgENgu-00171-00037997-00038146 it does feel like we're on a private beach. q7MbVxgENgu-00172-00038146-00038386 It really does, with the height of the summer, q7MbVxgENgu-00173-00038386-00038580 there's just a few groups out there. q7MbVxgENgu-00174-00038580-00038881 I think any time of the year, I can imagine the feeling, q7MbVxgENgu-00175-00038881-00039084 the mood change in the wintertime when there's probably q7MbVxgENgu-00176-00039084-00039294 nobody out there and it's a little chilly. q7MbVxgENgu-00177-00039389-00039715 Just super super romantic moments out here. q7MbVxgENgu-00178-00039715-00039852 And then what I also love is q7MbVxgENgu-00179-00039852-00039989 you've got the private space at the back, q7MbVxgENgu-00180-00039989-00040216 so when you do wanna maybe just take a bit of a break. q7MbVxgENgu-00181-00040216-00040344 - Yeah. - You've got a nice quiet spot q7MbVxgENgu-00182-00040344-00040457 in the back with a fireplace. q7MbVxgENgu-00183-00040457-00040795 - So that just wraps it up for today on First Impressions q7MbVxgENgu-00184-00040795-00041007 here at 2800 Ocean Front in Laguna Beach. q7MbVxgENgu-00185-00041007-00041283 My star Scott Sackin, I'm happy that he was here q7MbVxgENgu-00186-00041283-00041426 for our pilot episode. q7MbVxgENgu-00187-00041426-00041559 Thank you so much for watching. q7MbVxgENgu-00188-00041559-00041984 If you would want to see more photos and videos of this home q7MbVxgENgu-00189-00041984-00042214 and you're interested in buying it, possibly yourself, q7MbVxgENgu-00190-00042214-00042406 feel free to reach out and contact us today. q7MbVxgENgu-00191-00042406-00042576 Thanks for watching. q7MbVxgENgu-00192-00042576-00043076 (upbeat instrumental music) q7MbVxgENgu-00193-00043220-00043587 (upbeat instrumental music) qqOV19LLwgk-00000-00000010-00000063 THAT AIMS TO ENGAGE AND EMPOWER qqOV19LLwgk-00001-00000063-00000070 THAT AIMS TO ENGAGE AND EMPOWER qqOV19LLwgk-00002-00000070-00000150 THAT AIMS TO ENGAGE AND EMPOWER COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO MAKE THE qqOV19LLwgk-00003-00000150-00000156 THAT AIMS TO ENGAGE AND EMPOWER COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO MAKE THE qqOV19LLwgk-00004-00000156-00000400 THAT AIMS TO ENGAGE AND EMPOWER COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO MAKE THE HEALTHY CHOICE THE EASY CHOICE qqOV19LLwgk-00005-00000400-00000407 COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO MAKE THE HEALTHY CHOICE THE EASY CHOICE qqOV19LLwgk-00006-00000407-00000653 COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO MAKE THE HEALTHY CHOICE THE EASY CHOICE THROUGHOUT CROW WING COUNTY. qqOV19LLwgk-00007-00000653-00000660 HEALTHY CHOICE THE EASY CHOICE THROUGHOUT CROW WING COUNTY. qqOV19LLwgk-00008-00000660-00000877 HEALTHY CHOICE THE EASY CHOICE THROUGHOUT CROW WING COUNTY. >> DENNIS: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC qqOV19LLwgk-00009-00000877-00000884 THROUGHOUT CROW WING COUNTY. >> DENNIS: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC qqOV19LLwgk-00010-00000884-00001017 THROUGHOUT CROW WING COUNTY. >> DENNIS: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOLS HAVE ALWAYS ALLOWED qqOV19LLwgk-00011-00001017-00001024 >> DENNIS: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOLS HAVE ALWAYS ALLOWED qqOV19LLwgk-00012-00001024-00001124 >> DENNIS: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOLS HAVE ALWAYS ALLOWED THEIR STUDENTS AND STAFF TO HAVE qqOV19LLwgk-00013-00001124-00001131 SCHOOLS HAVE ALWAYS ALLOWED THEIR STUDENTS AND STAFF TO HAVE qqOV19LLwgk-00014-00001131-00001261 SCHOOLS HAVE ALWAYS ALLOWED THEIR STUDENTS AND STAFF TO HAVE SERVICE ANIMALS IF THEY ARE qqOV19LLwgk-00015-00001261-00001267 THEIR STUDENTS AND STAFF TO HAVE SERVICE ANIMALS IF THEY ARE qqOV19LLwgk-00016-00001267-00001317 THEIR STUDENTS AND STAFF TO HAVE SERVICE ANIMALS IF THEY ARE NEEDED. qqOV19LLwgk-00017-00001317-00001324 SERVICE ANIMALS IF THEY ARE NEEDED. qqOV19LLwgk-00018-00001324-00001441 SERVICE ANIMALS IF THEY ARE NEEDED. BUT AT LAST SCHOOL BOARD qqOV19LLwgk-00019-00001441-00001448 NEEDED. BUT AT LAST SCHOOL BOARD qqOV19LLwgk-00020-00001448-00001578 NEEDED. BUT AT LAST SCHOOL BOARD MEETING, THE DISTRICT OFFICIALLY qqOV19LLwgk-00021-00001578-00001584 BUT AT LAST SCHOOL BOARD MEETING, THE DISTRICT OFFICIALLY qqOV19LLwgk-00022-00001584-00001705 BUT AT LAST SCHOOL BOARD MEETING, THE DISTRICT OFFICIALLY PASSED A FORMAL A POLICY ON qqOV19LLwgk-00023-00001705-00001711 MEETING, THE DISTRICT OFFICIALLY PASSED A FORMAL A POLICY ON qqOV19LLwgk-00024-00001711-00001845 MEETING, THE DISTRICT OFFICIALLY PASSED A FORMAL A POLICY ON SERVICE ANIMALS. qqOV19LLwgk-00025-00001845-00001851 PASSED A FORMAL A POLICY ON SERVICE ANIMALS. qqOV19LLwgk-00026-00001851-00002108 PASSED A FORMAL A POLICY ON SERVICE ANIMALS. POLICY COMPLIES WITH FEDERAL LAW qqOV19LLwgk-00027-00002108-00002115 SERVICE ANIMALS. POLICY COMPLIES WITH FEDERAL LAW qqOV19LLwgk-00028-00002115-00002312 SERVICE ANIMALS. POLICY COMPLIES WITH FEDERAL LAW STATING THAT DOGS AND qqOV19LLwgk-00029-00002312-00002318 POLICY COMPLIES WITH FEDERAL LAW STATING THAT DOGS AND qqOV19LLwgk-00030-00002318-00002442 POLICY COMPLIES WITH FEDERAL LAW STATING THAT DOGS AND MINIATURORSES CAN BE USED AS qqOV19LLwgk-00031-00002442-00002449 STATING THAT DOGS AND MINIATURORSES CAN BE USED AS qqOV19LLwgk-00032-00002449-00002519 STATING THAT DOGS AND MINIATURORSES CAN BE USED AS SERVICE ANIMALS. qqOV19LLwgk-00033-00002519-00002525 MINIATURORSES CAN BE USED AS SERVICE ANIMALS. qqOV19LLwgk-00034-00002525-00002665 MINIATURORSES CAN BE USED AS SERVICE ANIMALS. IN ORDER FOR THE STUDENT OR qqOV19LLwgk-00035-00002665-00002672 SERVICE ANIMALS. IN ORDER FOR THE STUDENT OR qqOV19LLwgk-00036-00002672-00002819 SERVICE ANIMALS. IN ORDER FOR THE STUDENT OR STAFF MEMBER TO HAVE A SERVICE qqOV19LLwgk-00037-00002819-00002826 IN ORDER FOR THE STUDENT OR STAFF MEMBER TO HAVE A SERVICE qqOV19LLwgk-00038-00002826-00002952 IN ORDER FOR THE STUDENT OR STAFF MEMBER TO HAVE A SERVICE ANIMAL, THE PERSON MUST HAVE A qqOV19LLwgk-00039-00002952-00002959 STAFF MEMBER TO HAVE A SERVICE ANIMAL, THE PERSON MUST HAVE A qqOV19LLwgk-00040-00002959-00003073 STAFF MEMBER TO HAVE A SERVICE ANIMAL, THE PERSON MUST HAVE A DISABILITY AND THE ANIMAL MUST qqOV19LLwgk-00041-00003073-00003079 ANIMAL, THE PERSON MUST HAVE A DISABILITY AND THE ANIMAL MUST qqOV19LLwgk-00042-00003079-00003223 ANIMAL, THE PERSON MUST HAVE A DISABILITY AND THE ANIMAL MUST BE TRAINED TO PERFORM A TASK IN qqOV19LLwgk-00043-00003223-00003229 DISABILITY AND THE ANIMAL MUST BE TRAINED TO PERFORM A TASK IN qqOV19LLwgk-00044-00003229-00003403 DISABILITY AND THE ANIMAL MUST BE TRAINED TO PERFORM A TASK IN RESPONSE TO THE DISABILITY. qqOV19LLwgk-00045-00003403-00003410 BE TRAINED TO PERFORM A TASK IN RESPONSE TO THE DISABILITY. qqOV19LLwgk-00046-00003410-00003523 BE TRAINED TO PERFORM A TASK IN RESPONSE TO THE DISABILITY. BRAINERD CURRENTLY HAS TWO qqOV19LLwgk-00047-00003523-00003530 RESPONSE TO THE DISABILITY. BRAINERD CURRENTLY HAS TWO qqOV19LLwgk-00048-00003530-00003670 RESPONSE TO THE DISABILITY. BRAINERD CURRENTLY HAS TWO STUDENTS USING SERVICE DOGS. qqOV19LLwgk-00049-00003670-00003676 BRAINERD CURRENTLY HAS TWO STUDENTS USING SERVICE DOGS. qqOV19LLwgk-00050-00003676-00003820 BRAINERD CURRENTLY HAS TWO STUDENTS USING SERVICE DOGS. >> WE GO THROUGH SOME PRETTY qqOV19LLwgk-00051-00003820-00003827 STUDENTS USING SERVICE DOGS. >> WE GO THROUGH SOME PRETTY qqOV19LLwgk-00052-00003827-00004287 STUDENTS USING SERVICE DOGS. >> WE GO THROUGH SOME PRETTY INTENSIVE PLANNING OF HOW WE'LL qqOV19LLwgk-00053-00004287-00004294 >> WE GO THROUGH SOME PRETTY INTENSIVE PLANNING OF HOW WE'LL qqOV19LLwgk-00054-00004294-00004487 >> WE GO THROUGH SOME PRETTY INTENSIVE PLANNING OF HOW WE'LL INTEGRATE THAT SERVICE AN HALLS. qqOV19LLwgk-00055-00004487-00004494 INTENSIVE PLANNING OF HOW WE'LL INTEGRATE THAT SERVICE AN HALLS. qqOV19LLwgk-00056-00004494-00005021 INTENSIVE PLANNING OF HOW WE'LL INTEGRATE THAT SERVICE AN HALLS. WE DO LOOK TO ACCOMMODATE MAYBE qqOV19LLwgk-00057-00005021-00005028 INTEGRATE THAT SERVICE AN HALLS. WE DO LOOK TO ACCOMMODATE MAYBE qqOV19LLwgk-00058-00005028-00005178 INTEGRATE THAT SERVICE AN HALLS. WE DO LOOK TO ACCOMMODATE MAYBE AN INDIVIDUAL THAT MAY HAVE A qqOV19LLwgk-00059-00005178-00005185 WE DO LOOK TO ACCOMMODATE MAYBE AN INDIVIDUAL THAT MAY HAVE A qqOV19LLwgk-00060-00005185-00005345 WE DO LOOK TO ACCOMMODATE MAYBE AN INDIVIDUAL THAT MAY HAVE A FEAR AFTER DOG OR ALLERGIES. qqOV19LLwgk-00061-00005345-00005352 AN INDIVIDUAL THAT MAY HAVE A FEAR AFTER DOG OR ALLERGIES. qqOV19LLwgk-00062-00005352-00005492 AN INDIVIDUAL THAT MAY HAVE A FEAR AFTER DOG OR ALLERGIES. AT THIS POINT, THE TWO WE HAVE qqOV19LLwgk-00063-00005492-00005498 FEAR AFTER DOG OR ALLERGIES. AT THIS POINT, THE TWO WE HAVE qqOV19LLwgk-00064-00005498-00005625 FEAR AFTER DOG OR ALLERGIES. AT THIS POINT, THE TWO WE HAVE ARE INCREDIBLE. qqOV19LLwgk-00065-00005625-00005632 AT THIS POINT, THE TWO WE HAVE ARE INCREDIBLE. qqOV19LLwgk-00066-00005632-00005752 AT THIS POINT, THE TWO WE HAVE ARE INCREDIBLE. >> DENNIS: THE BRAINERD SCHOOL qqOV19LLwgk-00067-00005752-00005759 ARE INCREDIBLE. >> DENNIS: THE BRAINERD SCHOOL qqOV19LLwgk-00068-00005759-00005805 ARE INCREDIBLE. >> DENNIS: THE BRAINERD SCHOOL DISTRICT DECIDED TO PASS THE qqTVQ_95q4Q-00000-00000000-00000501 Welcome to my video qqTVQ_95q4Q-00001-00000505-00001000 Thank you for this video view qqTVQ_95q4Q-00002-00001000-00001508 Like, sub, share, support my channel. qqTVQ_95q4Q-00003-00001516-00002000 Thank you very much qrpplDIyQcI-00000-00000944-00001384 So in this session we're going to look at campus operations best practices. qrpplDIyQcI-00001-00001536-00002232 This is a very large subject area and we're often asked by many campus administrators what the best qrpplDIyQcI-00002-00002232-00002776 current practices are for campus networks. And what we've tried to do in this session qrpplDIyQcI-00003-00002776-00003496 is list some of the main ones that we would consider are the most vital for our campus network qrpplDIyQcI-00004-00003496-00004032 administrators to consider at the outset of making improvements to their campus infrastructure. qrpplDIyQcI-00005-00004240-00004840 And these are the core network services. These core network services are critical for the network qrpplDIyQcI-00006-00004840-00005464 to operate properly. IP packets may flow in a network but if these services don't reply qrpplDIyQcI-00007-00005464-00005936 or are not configured correctly users and devices won't to be able to connect. qrpplDIyQcI-00008-00006080-00006712 And also network applications won't be accessible. So these four services are DNS, qrpplDIyQcI-00009-00006784-00007344 DHCP, NTP and the authentication services. qrpplDIyQcI-00010-00007464-00008000 So in the next set of slides we're going to explain in turn the importance of eachservice, qrpplDIyQcI-00011-00008000-00008584 the guidelines of proper design and configuration and how we go about monitoring them. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00000-00000010-00000270 WINNERS OVER LAPORTE 74-33. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00001-00000270-00000276 WINNERS OVER LAPORTE 74-33. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00002-00000276-00000387 WINNERS OVER LAPORTE 74-33. >> SWITCHING TO THE ICE, BEMIDJI qsw0JJQHOaQ-00003-00000387-00000393 WINNERS OVER LAPORTE 74-33. >> SWITCHING TO THE ICE, BEMIDJI qsw0JJQHOaQ-00004-00000393-00000593 WINNERS OVER LAPORTE 74-33. >> SWITCHING TO THE ICE, BEMIDJI GIRLS HOSTING CROOKSTON ON qsw0JJQHOaQ-00005-00000593-00000600 >> SWITCHING TO THE ICE, BEMIDJI GIRLS HOSTING CROOKSTON ON qsw0JJQHOaQ-00006-00000600-00001137 >> SWITCHING TO THE ICE, BEMIDJI GIRLS HOSTING CROOKSTON ON SENIOR NIGHT. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00007-00001137-00001144 GIRLS HOSTING CROOKSTON ON SENIOR NIGHT. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00008-00001144-00001424 GIRLS HOSTING CROOKSTON ON SENIOR NIGHT. AND DISHES TO HANNAH WHO FIRES qsw0JJQHOaQ-00009-00001424-00001431 SENIOR NIGHT. AND DISHES TO HANNAH WHO FIRES qsw0JJQHOaQ-00010-00001431-00001508 SENIOR NIGHT. AND DISHES TO HANNAH WHO FIRES THE SHOT. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00011-00001508-00001514 AND DISHES TO HANNAH WHO FIRES THE SHOT. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00012-00001514-00001638 AND DISHES TO HANNAH WHO FIRES THE SHOT. JACKS GO UP ONE. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00013-00001638-00001644 THE SHOT. JACKS GO UP ONE. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00014-00001644-00001768 THE SHOT. JACKS GO UP ONE. LATER IN THE PERIOD RIGHT OFF qsw0JJQHOaQ-00015-00001768-00001775 JACKS GO UP ONE. LATER IN THE PERIOD RIGHT OFF qsw0JJQHOaQ-00016-00001775-00002005 JACKS GO UP ONE. LATER IN THE PERIOD RIGHT OFF THE OFFENSIVE ZONE FACE OFF, qsw0JJQHOaQ-00017-00002005-00002012 LATER IN THE PERIOD RIGHT OFF THE OFFENSIVE ZONE FACE OFF, qsw0JJQHOaQ-00018-00002012-00002248 LATER IN THE PERIOD RIGHT OFF THE OFFENSIVE ZONE FACE OFF, HELM LIGHTS THE LAMP FEEDING THE qsw0JJQHOaQ-00019-00002248-00002255 THE OFFENSIVE ZONE FACE OFF, HELM LIGHTS THE LAMP FEEDING THE qsw0JJQHOaQ-00020-00002255-00002479 THE OFFENSIVE ZONE FACE OFF, HELM LIGHTS THE LAMP FEEDING THE PIRATE GOALIE 2-0 JACKS. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00021-00002479-00002485 HELM LIGHTS THE LAMP FEEDING THE PIRATE GOALIE 2-0 JACKS. qsw0JJQHOaQ-00022-00002485-00002789 HELM LIGHTS THE LAMP FEEDING THE PIRATE GOALIE 2-0 JACKS. WITH JUST OVER 6 TO GO, OLIVIA qsw0JJQHOaQ-00023-00002789-00002796 PIRATE GOALIE 2-0 JACKS. WITH JUST OVER 6 TO GO, OLIVIA qsw0JJQHOaQ-00024-00002796-00002976 PIRATE GOALIE 2-0 JACKS. WITH JUST OVER 6 TO GO, OLIVIA JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL, AND qsw0JJQHOaQ-00025-00002976-00002982 WITH JUST OVER 6 TO GO, OLIVIA JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL, AND qsw0JJQHOaQ-00026-00002982-00003246 WITH JUST OVER 6 TO GO, OLIVIA JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL, AND JACKS GO UP 3-0 AFTER ONE, AND qsw0JJQHOaQ-00027-00003246-00003253 JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL, AND JACKS GO UP 3-0 AFTER ONE, AND qsw0JJQHOaQ-00028-00003253-00003396 JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL, AND JACKS GO UP 3-0 AFTER ONE, AND THEY WIN TONIGHT, THEIR THIRD qypsD9s_VTA-00000-00000850-00000950 GEARING: Hi! qypsD9s_VTA-00001-00000950-00001390 We're here at Rouse High School, and I'm thrilled today to be able to visit Parkside Elementary, qypsD9s_VTA-00002-00001390-00001802 Wiley Middle School and Rouse High School to do my favorite activity every, which is qypsD9s_VTA-00003-00001802-00002311 visiting with kids to find out what it is that they love about Leander ISD and the schools qypsD9s_VTA-00004-00002311-00002539 their in the Rouse feeder pattern. qypsD9s_VTA-00005-00002539-00002848 And also to find out what we can do better. qypsD9s_VTA-00006-00002848-00003314 GEARING: Rouse High School was an incredible experience for me this morning. qypsD9s_VTA-00007-00003314-00003711 I get to walk into the front door and experience Trevor and all of his energy. qypsD9s_VTA-00008-00003711-00003811 TREVOR: Peeps. qypsD9s_VTA-00009-00003811-00003911 GEARING: Yeah. qypsD9s_VTA-00010-00003911-00004079 Those are my peeps back there. qypsD9s_VTA-00011-00004079-00004455 GEARING: And this amazing moment of him sharing … qypsD9s_VTA-00012-00004455-00004603 NOAH: Oh, hey, Mr. Nice Guy. qypsD9s_VTA-00013-00004603-00004703 GEARING: How are you? qypsD9s_VTA-00014-00004703-00004843 NOAH: Doing fine, Josh Haug. qypsD9s_VTA-00015-00004843-00004943 GEARING: Josh? qypsD9s_VTA-00016-00004943-00005043 No, I'm not Josh. qypsD9s_VTA-00017-00005043-00005143 NOAH: Who are you then? qypsD9s_VTA-00018-00005143-00005243 GEARING: No, I'm Dr. Gearing. qypsD9s_VTA-00019-00005243-00005343 What's your name? qypsD9s_VTA-00020-00005343-00005443 I'm Bruce. qypsD9s_VTA-00021-00005443-00005543 NOAH: Noah. qypsD9s_VTA-00022-00005543-00005643 GEARING: Noah. qypsD9s_VTA-00023-00005643-00005743 NOAH: It's nice to meet you. qypsD9s_VTA-00024-00005743-00005843 GEARING: It's nice to meet you, Noah. qypsD9s_VTA-00025-00005843-00005943 Tell me about you. qypsD9s_VTA-00026-00005943-00006119 NOAH: I was born in Michigan. qypsD9s_VTA-00027-00006119-00006219 GEARING: Awesome. qypsD9s_VTA-00028-00006219-00006402 I see that Michigan hat, man. qypsD9s_VTA-00029-00006402-00006618 Yeah, you show that off for the camera. qypsD9s_VTA-00030-00006618-00006920 GEARING: The students here, as you can see, are so friendly. qypsD9s_VTA-00031-00006920-00007422 It's amazing to me that they have the confidence to talk to adults the way that they do. qypsD9s_VTA-00032-00007422-00007908 That interaction with Trevor and the one you've just seen with Noah is just natural. qypsD9s_VTA-00033-00007908-00008222 And that's the amazing human beings that are in this district. qypsD9s_VTA-00034-00008222-00008677 GEARING: Lidia, tell me about your elementary, middle school, high school experience. qypsD9s_VTA-00035-00008677-00009338 LIDIA: I went to Block House Creek for up to third grade, and then we moved our house, qypsD9s_VTA-00036-00009338-00009509 so I moved to Parkside. qypsD9s_VTA-00037-00009509-00010049 I don't really remember much about elementary school, but what I can remember was fine. qypsD9s_VTA-00038-00010049-00010282 And then middle school? qypsD9s_VTA-00039-00010282-00010443 Middle school was OK. qypsD9s_VTA-00040-00010443-00011042 It's like a time of transition, so it's personal stuff, it was kind of a difficult transition. qypsD9s_VTA-00041-00011042-00011536 But then I hit high school and everything just kind of went up hill. qypsD9s_VTA-00042-00011536-00011843 GEARING: So it kind of got better and better and better as you got older? qypsD9s_VTA-00043-00011843-00011943 LIDIA: Pretty much. qypsD9s_VTA-00044-00011943-00012381 GEARING: So tell me about Parkside Elementary and what you like best about the school. qypsD9s_VTA-00045-00012381-00013023 HANNAH: I like how you're able to — either if you're in the same class or if you're not qypsD9s_VTA-00046-00013023-00013538 in the same class, you have plenty of chances to be with kids in and out of your classes. qypsD9s_VTA-00047-00013538-00013859 So in Specials, recess, you're not just contained in your same class. qypsD9s_VTA-00048-00013859-00014047 You're able to be with lots of different people. qypsD9s_VTA-00049-00014047-00014560 JAKE: You can do that, and then there's also clubs that you can do after school, which qypsD9s_VTA-00050-00014560-00014815 those, everyone can join them. qypsD9s_VTA-00051-00014815-00015022 GEARING: So tell me about the schedule here at Wiley. qypsD9s_VTA-00052-00015022-00015280 DANIELLE: We don't A or B days or C days. qypsD9s_VTA-00053-00015280-00015803 It's just straight on, regular — you have it every single day. qypsD9s_VTA-00054-00015803-00016001 GEARING: And that's because you're in sixth grade. qypsD9s_VTA-00055-00016001-00016126 So what happens in seventh grade? qypsD9s_VTA-00056-00016126-00016562 DYLAN: So seventh grade, we have A days and B days and C days with science and social qypsD9s_VTA-00057-00016562-00016662 studies. qypsD9s_VTA-00058-00016662-00017233 In language arts, you could qualify for a single-period block or two-period blocks? qypsD9s_VTA-00059-00017233-00017438 GEARING: How does that work? qypsD9s_VTA-00060-00017438-00017901 DYLAN: If you have single block for language arts, you can have two electives. qypsD9s_VTA-00061-00017901-00018272 If you have double block, you can only have one elective. qypsD9s_VTA-00062-00018272-00018758 GEARING: That brings up a good question: Do you like the choices that you have for electives? qypsD9s_VTA-00063-00018758-00019284 ERIN: We have a lot of good choices; we just want more subcategories within those choices. qypsD9s_VTA-00064-00019284-00019806 GEARING: So like improv or musical theater or something like that. qypsD9s_VTA-00065-00019806-00020282 Do you think those choices helped prepare you for high school and making those choices? qypsD9s_VTA-00066-00020282-00020880 ERIN: Yeah, because throughout the years — I started off in choir and then I realized I qypsD9s_VTA-00067-00020880-00021348 didn't want to do choir, and it was really easy to switch around and see what options qypsD9s_VTA-00068-00021348-00021598 appealed to you more. qypsD9s_VTA-00069-00021598-00022105 And you get to do the semester of one thing and the semester of another, so you get to qypsD9s_VTA-00070-00022105-00022533 experience more to get to decide what you want to do in high school. qypsD9s_VTA-00071-00022533-00022733 It's a pretty good system. qypsD9s_VTA-00072-00022733-00022882 GEARING: Tell me about Mrs. Simpson. qypsD9s_VTA-00073-00022882-00023800 TREVOR: Let me tell you something: I think that a girl principal is more powerful than qypsD9s_VTA-00074-00023800-00023900 a boy. qypsD9s_VTA-00075-00023900-00024045 LIDIA: She takes pride in her position. qypsD9s_VTA-00076-00024045-00024476 And she makes it known that she's happy to be here and she's proud of what we're doing qypsD9s_VTA-00077-00024476-00024734 in this school, and I think that's really cool. qypsD9s_VTA-00078-00024734-00025151 GEARING: If there was one thing that happened at Parkside Elementary that you would say: qypsD9s_VTA-00079-00025151-00025308 "we're never changing this. qypsD9s_VTA-00080-00025308-00025536 We're never going to do this differently," what would that be? qypsD9s_VTA-00081-00025536-00025798 HANNAH: Just the type of teachers we have, because I really like them. qypsD9s_VTA-00082-00025798-00026316 JAKE: They really give good ways to show you how to learn. qypsD9s_VTA-00083-00026316-00026569 Not like everyone has the exact same way. qypsD9s_VTA-00084-00026569-00027599 JACK: I plan on going to a Texas school for my next level of education, either A&M or qypsD9s_VTA-00085-00027599-00028097 Texas, and I couldn't have gotten there without all of these teachers who have helped me. qypsD9s_VTA-00086-00028097-00028233 I appreciate them a bunch. qypsD9s_VTA-00087-00028233-00028493 GEARING: Visiting with students is absolutely my favorite thing to do. qypsD9s_VTA-00088-00028493-00028997 I've had a fantastic time in the Rouse feeder pattern today: Parkside Elementary School, qypsD9s_VTA-00089-00028997-00029302 Wiley Middle School, Rouse School. qypsD9s_VTA-00090-00029302-00029611 Fantastic students, incredible adults leading them. qypsD9s_VTA-00091-00029611-00029743 Keep learning happening. qypsD9s_VTA-00092-00029743-00029849 I couldn't be happier. qypsD9s_VTA-00093-00029849-00030002 That was awesome. qyWdmGRQvtu-00000-00000077-00000284 [Americana]: I'm Siri, your virtual assistant. qyWdmGRQvtu-00001-00000422-00000622 [Ausse]: I'm Siri, your virtual assistant. qyWdmGRQvtu-00002-00000704-00000901 [Brit]: Right I tell you what you fat little c*m qyWdmGRQvtu-00003-00000927-00001009 Your borin', qyWdmGRQvtu-00004-00001019-00001193 You don't sound Nigerian at all, qyWdmGRQvtu-00005-00001264-00001408 So, go f**k yourself qyWdmGRQvtu-00006-00001424-00001689 Go f**kin' back in that dank little hole qyWdmGRQvtu-00007-00001689-00001851 where you f**kin' came from you qyWdmGRQvtu-00008-00001851-00002117 dirty draging little f**king happing s**t. q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00003-00000320-00000522 These LCD and LED televisions (and similar ones) look so beautiful, hi-tech and luxurious. q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00012-00003088-00003264 But that beauty, that technological luxury hides an awful reality: q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00013-00003264-00003542 THOSE LCD AND LED TVs, AND SIMILAR ONES HAS A LIMITED LIFE: ONLY ONE, TWO OR THREE YEARS OF USE, AND THEN TO THE TRASH! q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00027-00012640-00012830 Instead of supplying SPARE PARTS for q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00028-00012830-00013080 these TVs, they make them DISPOSABLE, so they last shorter, and people have to buy another (expensive) brand new LCD or LED TV. q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00029-00013147-00013336 That has a name: PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE. q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00032-00014138-00014376 If that is the way things are, I prefer to watch my old TV, still working and capable of being serviced many times. q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00033-00014394-00014644 I have no "disposable" income, as the guys in the "developed" countries do. They do spend too much, because they have too much money, q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00034-00014656-00014747 I'm a Peruvian, and a poor one...but I'm happy :-) q_Wtg2yN2Ug-00039-00015246-00015388 Background music: Monkeys spinning monkeys, by Kevin Mac Leod. qAFAWP3CzcY-00000-00000000-00000328 Hello, today let's talk about my trips. qAFAWP3CzcY-00001-00002718-00003414 It's been 6 years, since when with my family, we travel all around europe, in that RV. Im gonna introduce it later. qAFAWP3CzcY-00002-00003438-00003844 Last year we went by the ferry, to the United kingdom! qAFAWP3CzcY-00003-00003850-00004410 For exemple we visited Cardiff in Wales and London in England. qAFAWP3CzcY-00004-00004476-00004634 (on the ferry) qAFAWP3CzcY-00005-00004992-00005192 (London, England) qAFAWP3CzcY-00006-00006074-00006274 (Rhossili Bay, Wales) qAFAWP3CzcY-00007-00006426-00006616 (Back on the ferry) qAFAWP3CzcY-00008-00007073-00007540 In 2017 we went to Croatia, crossing Italy qAFAWP3CzcY-00009-00007544-00008186 We went to Venice, then Slovenia and we quickly crossed bosnia, aiming to visit Dubrovnik qAFAWP3CzcY-00010-00008186-00008754 In croatia we also visited plitvice lakes, which are beautiful, you definitly should go there. qAFAWP3CzcY-00011-00008756-00008984 By the way, I bought this shirt there! qAFAWP3CzcY-00012-00008984-00009186 (Venice, Italy) qAFAWP3CzcY-00013-00009492-00009692 (Plitvice lakes, Croatia) qAFAWP3CzcY-00014-00009992-00010192 (Slano, Croatia) qAFAWP3CzcY-00015-00011438-00011638 (Komin's kite surf place, Croatia) qBg2Yw5zy58-00000-00000000-00000360 Hello🤗 qBg2Yw5zy58-00001-00000360-00000759 Oreo Nutella Cream Waffle qBg2Yw5zy58-00002-00001080-00001377 Fresh cream + Nutella + Cookie qBg2Yw5zy58-00003-00002075-00002375 It's crispy on the outside and chewy on the inside qBg2Yw5zy58-00004-00002904-00003202 Nutella is so sweet and delicious qBg2Yw5zy58-00005-00003706-00004209 The cookie on the outside tastes like a soft Oreo qBg2Yw5zy58-00006-00004209-00004704 There's a lot of whipped cream in the amount, but the chocolate scent is the most intense qBg2Yw5zy58-00007-00007033-00007632 At first, I thought there was a lot of whipped cream, but now that I'm eating it, I think it's perfect to eat with waffles qBg2Yw5zy58-00008-00007632-00008229 The nutella flavor is really strong, so the whipped cream isn't greasy at all qBg2Yw5zy58-00009-00012622-00013019 cold coffee qBg2Yw5zy58-00010-00023812-00024312 Blueberry cream waffle qBg2Yw5zy58-00011-00024900-00025295 Fresh cream and blueberry jam qBg2Yw5zy58-00012-00025828-00026326 It's a combination of basic cream and sweet blueberry jam qBg2Yw5zy58-00013-00026785-00027184 It's not sweet, but it's refreshing, light, and delicious. qBg2Yw5zy58-00014-00031500-00032198 The combination of basic cream and jam is good, but this one feels cleaner and lighter qBg2Yw5zy58-00015-00032198-00032896 There are many kinds of whipped cream waffles with toppings. I want to try that next time qBg2Yw5zy58-00016-00036410-00036813 Nutella Strawberry Toast qBg2Yw5zy58-00017-00037457-00037953 The toast is not crispy, but it's delicious because it has a lot of Nutella inside. qBg2Yw5zy58-00018-00039000-00039498 I think it'll taste better with cream like waffles! qBg2Yw5zy58-00019-00040393-00040792 It's chewy and soft qBg2Yw5zy58-00020-00040792-00041289 It tastes better with whipped cream! qBg2Yw5zy58-00021-00047027-00047628 Thanks for watching❤️ qC97FdwIiIM-00000-00000529-00001140 Hi everybody welcome back to the kitchen here at Little Spoon Farm. So hopefully qC97FdwIiIM-00001-00001140-00001694 you've checked out our recipe for the sourdough pretzels today. I want to show qC97FdwIiIM-00002-00001694-00002292 you how to make this really really delicious beer cheese dip, so if you want qC97FdwIiIM-00003-00002292-00003128 to know how to make this stay tuned and let's go ahead and get started. Okay guys, qC97FdwIiIM-00004-00003128-00003819 get out a very heavy saucepan and to that over low heat, we're gonna add half qC97FdwIiIM-00005-00003819-00004421 a cup of heavy whipping cream, an egg yolk, salt, black pepper, garlic powder and qC97FdwIiIM-00006-00004421-00004971 paprika. You're gonna add some mustard, you can also use Dijon and some qC97FdwIiIM-00007-00004971-00005436 Worcestershire sauce. Give this a stir and kind of let that come up to a nice qC97FdwIiIM-00008-00005436-00005855 little simmer. And then you're gonna want to add your beer. Now I'm using Pabst qC97FdwIiIM-00009-00005855-00006360 Blue Ribbon and this is a beer that a lot of restaurants use to get that qC97FdwIiIM-00010-00006360-00006795 really classic beer cheese taste. We're gonna use 1/4 cup, that's all you need qC97FdwIiIM-00011-00006795-00007373 for this amount. So next we're gonna add our cheese. Now I'm adding 2 cups of qC97FdwIiIM-00012-00007373-00007886 shredded extra sharp cheddar cheese but you can use whatever cheese that you like. qC97FdwIiIM-00013-00007886-00008367 Make sure that you shred it yourself because the pre-shredded cheese's have qC97FdwIiIM-00014-00008367-00008907 this coating on them to keep the pieces from sticking together, and with this recipe you qC97FdwIiIM-00015-00008907-00009324 don't want that in there because it will get clumpy and that's not we're looking qC97FdwIiIM-00016-00009324-00009861 for. So just go ahead and shred your own cheese and you're gonna heat that up qC97FdwIiIM-00017-00009861-00010527 for about 30 seconds with the the burner on, turn it off and just keep on stirring qC97FdwIiIM-00018-00010527-00011070 until the cheese is nice and smooth. And once it is you can pour it into a qC97FdwIiIM-00019-00011070-00011472 serving dish and serve it up and I promise you this qC97FdwIiIM-00020-00011472-00011988 the best beer cheese you'll ever have. So I know that you're going to love this qC97FdwIiIM-00021-00011988-00012477 beer cheese dip. It is so easy to make and it stays really nice and creamy. It qC97FdwIiIM-00022-00012477-00013073 doesn't get lumpy at all and it reheats really really nice and smooth. So if you qC97FdwIiIM-00023-00013073-00013533 like this recipe go ahead and give this video a thumbs up and subscribe to our qC97FdwIiIM-00024-00013533-00014023 channel for more easy recipes. Until then, bye! qCxlOwpp9aE-00000-00000000-00002410 Denied beyond forever! Because you still wants to do more! You are now already incapable of a proper redemption in full, DreamySpatterHD! Fuck you psychopath, DreamySpatterHD the poisonous!!! Just fucking kill yourself and go die for all our sake!!!!! For real and once and for all!!!!!!!!!! qCxlOwpp9aE-00001-00002410-00004786 We don't care! You can't do anything anymore!!! This is it! You must die, DreamySpatter HD the friend turned criminal!!! All god and fandoms from all multiverses and infinite dimesions shall give the finally punishment upon you once at a time!!!!!!!!!! qDYK0XvJIhc-00000-00000281-00000409 went qDYK0XvJIhc-00001-00000947-00001091 live qDYK0XvJIhc-00002-00001681-00001825 very qDYK0XvJIhc-00003-00002345-00002475 set qDYK0XvJIhc-00004-00002969-00003097 old qDYK0XvJIhc-00005-00003688-00003802 great qDYK0XvJIhc-00006-00004359-00004494 ask qDYK0XvJIhc-00007-00005025-00005150 too qDYK0XvJIhc-00008-00005707-00005845 give qDYK0XvJIhc-00009-00006391-00006535 say qDYK0XvJIhc-00010-00007261-00007386 follow qDYK0XvJIhc-00011-00008105-00008230 put qDYK0XvJIhc-00012-00008810-00008948 show qDYK0XvJIhc-00013-00009667-00009776 people qDYK0XvJIhc-00014-00010333-00010458 i qDYK0XvJIhc-00015-00010910-00011038 part qDYK0XvJIhc-00016-00011626-00011735 earth qDYK0XvJIhc-00017-00012350-00012485 much qDYK0XvJIhc-00018-00013099-00013222 high qDYK0XvJIhc-00019-00013794-00013924 day qDYK0XvJIhc-00020-00014481-00014614 turn 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qDYK0XvJIhc-00117-00084725-00084860 year qDYK0XvJIhc-00118-00085458-00085594 well qDYK0XvJIhc-00119-00086237-00086346 point qDYK0XvJIhc-00120-00086945-00087083 name qDYK0XvJIhc-00121-00087577-00087699 air qDYK0XvJIhc-00122-00088332-00088441 people qDYK0XvJIhc-00123-00089048-00089170 us qDYK0XvJIhc-00124-00089630-00089766 ask qDYK0XvJIhc-00125-00090312-00090450 why qDYK0XvJIhc-00126-00091004-00091132 went qDYK0XvJIhc-00127-00091626-00091762 his qDYK0XvJIhc-00128-00092274-00092407 our qDYK0XvJIhc-00129-00092911-00093039 get qDYK0XvJIhc-00130-00093559-00093700 most qDYK0XvJIhc-00131-00094272-00094411 must qDYK0XvJIhc-00132-00094957-00095082 any qDYK0XvJIhc-00133-00095618-00095732 these qDYK0XvJIhc-00134-00096260-00096385 put qDYK0XvJIhc-00135-00096950-00097070 after qDYK0XvJIhc-00136-00097600-00097728 end qDYK0XvJIhc-00137-00098112-00098237 i qDYK0XvJIhc-00138-00098723-00098838 every qDYK0XvJIhc-00139-00099460-00099569 earth qDYK0XvJIhc-00140-00100142-00100280 give 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qDYK0XvJIhc-00813-00581701-00581811 think qDYK0XvJIhc-00814-00582417-00582553 year qDYK0XvJIhc-00815-00583175-00583300 years qDYK0XvJIhc-00816-00583948-00584083 much qDYK0XvJIhc-00817-00584682-00584810 tell qDYK0XvJIhc-00818-00585382-00585504 high qDYK0XvJIhc-00819-00586025-00586168 men qDYK0XvJIhc-00820-00586688-00586798 earth qDYK0XvJIhc-00821-00587370-00587508 give qDYK0XvJIhc-00822-00588125-00588235 point qDYK0XvJIhc-00823-00588885-00589029 very qDYK0XvJIhc-00824-00589601-00589736 big qDYK0XvJIhc-00825-00590343-00590465 good qDYK0XvJIhc-00826-00591072-00591215 same qDYK0XvJIhc-00827-00591735-00591860 put qDYK0XvJIhc-00828-00592414-00592555 most qDYK0XvJIhc-00829-00593211-00593328 mother qDYK0XvJIhc-00830-00593977-00594117 came qDYK0XvJIhc-00831-00594637-00594773 his qDYK0XvJIhc-00832-00595335-00595444 light qDYK0XvJIhc-00833-00596058-00596197 hand qDYK0XvJIhc-00834-00596675-00596810 me qDYK0XvJIhc-00835-00597263-00597401 mean qDYK0XvJIhc-00836-00598007-00598130 small qDYK0XvJIhc-00837-00598744-00598884 try qDYK0XvJIhc-00838-00599457-00599582 help qDYK0XvJIhc-00839-00600045-00600170 i qDYK0XvJIhc-00840-00600614-00600742 old qDYK0XvJIhc-00841-00601280-00601411 act qDYK0XvJIhc-00842-00601915-00602050 ask qDYK0XvJIhc-00843-00602597-00602730 off qDYK0XvJIhc-00844-00603310-00603454 kind qDYK0XvJIhc-00845-00604138-00604248 people qDYK0XvJIhc-00846-00605018-00605143 before qDYK0XvJIhc-00847-00605794-00605932 must qDYK0XvJIhc-00848-00606515-00606630 great qDYK0XvJIhc-00849-00607262-00607398 back qDYK0XvJIhc-00850-00607960-00608082 air qDYK0XvJIhc-00851-00608637-00608746 right qDYK0XvJIhc-00852-00609318-00609448 here qDYK0XvJIhc-00853-00610021-00610159 show qDYK0XvJIhc-00854-00610826-00610956 play qDYK0XvJIhc-00855-00611580-00611711 day qDYK0XvJIhc-00856-00612197-00612327 set qDYK0XvJIhc-00857-00612813-00612938 want qDYK0XvJIhc-00858-00613537-00613654 cause qDYK0XvJIhc-00859-00614321-00614459 only qDYK0XvJIhc-00860-00615133-00615248 every qDYK0XvJIhc-00861-00615956-00616071 world qDYK0XvJIhc-00862-00616779-00616896 house qDYK0XvJIhc-00863-00617484-00617622 name qDYK0XvJIhc-00864-00618150-00618275 any qDYK0XvJIhc-00865-00619002-00619127 follow qDYK0XvJIhc-00866-00620026-00620138 through qDYK0XvJIhc-00867-00620883-00621021 just qDYK0XvJIhc-00868-00621637-00621778 such qDYK0XvJIhc-00869-00622369-00622502 our qDYK0XvJIhc-00870-00623093-00623218 again qDYK0XvJIhc-00871-00623824-00623952 part qDYK0XvJIhc-00872-00624540-00624678 why qDYK0XvJIhc-00873-00625232-00625360 went qDYK0XvJIhc-00874-00625924-00626060 well qDYK0XvJIhc-00875-00626677-00626809 boy qDYK0XvJIhc-00876-00627400-00627515 three qDYK0XvJIhc-00877-00628072-00628215 live qDYK0XvJIhc-00878-00628772-00628897 too qDYK0XvJIhc-00879-00629443-00629586 say qDYK0XvJIhc-00880-00630158-00630278 after qDYK0XvJIhc-00881-00630827-00630966 need qDYK0XvJIhc-00882-00631515-00631658 move qDYK0XvJIhc-00883-00632170-00632293 us qDYK0XvJIhc-00884-00632839-00632974 work qDYK0XvJIhc-00885-00633667-00633787 round qDYK0XvJIhc-00886-00634409-00634544 read qDYK0XvJIhc-00887-00635038-00635166 get qDYK0XvJIhc-00888-00635678-00635814 does qDYK0XvJIhc-00889-00636394-00636532 home qDYK0XvJIhc-00890-00637070-00637209 my qDYK0XvJIhc-00891-00637721-00637836 these qDYK0XvJIhc-00892-00638364-00638486 take qDYK0XvJIhc-00893-00639074-00639197 large qDYK0XvJIhc-00894-00639829-00639938 where qDYK0XvJIhc-00895-00640469-00640597 end qDYK0XvJIhc-00896-00641151-00641260 little qDYK0XvJIhc-00897-00641849-00641984 near qDYK0XvJIhc-00898-00642530-00642663 each qDYK0XvJIhc-00899-00643296-00643418 good qFURuSk4bRy-00000-00000006-00000417 As Vikir made his way through the dark dungeon, he saw ruby minerals that were scattered qFURuSk4bRy-00001-00000417-00000851 throughout the area. He was certain that these veins must be connected to the nearby Red qFURuSk4bRy-00002-00000851-00001159 Awl Mountain. Suddenly, he saw a glimmer of light shining qFURuSk4bRy-00003-00001159-00001558 from within the dungeon, and he couldn't help but wonder if it was the entrance he had been qFURuSk4bRy-00004-00001558-00002028 searching for. Eager to explore further, he quickened his pace and soon found himself qFURuSk4bRy-00005-00002028-00002410 standing in a brightly lit room. As his eyes adjusted to the light, he was qFURuSk4bRy-00006-00002410-00002844 struck by the sight of a massive ruby placed on a pillar in the center of the room. He qFURuSk4bRy-00007-00002844-00003286 couldn't help but marvel at the beauty of the gem, and he realized that it must be infused qFURuSk4bRy-00008-00003286-00003711 with mana to produce such a bright glow. However, his moment of awe was interrupted qFURuSk4bRy-00009-00003711-00004194 when he spotted a nearby skeleton lying on the ground. As he approached, he noticed signs qFURuSk4bRy-00010-00004194-00004680 of violence, including deep stab wounds and dried brown bloodstains. He realized that qFURuSk4bRy-00011-00004680-00005071 someone had been here before him, and it had been quite some time since their untimely qFURuSk4bRy-00012-00005071-00005346 demise. Curious, Vikir picked up a letter that was qFURuSk4bRy-00013-00005346-00005762 lying next to the skeletal remains. The writer of letter began by introducing qFURuSk4bRy-00014-00005762-00006187 himself as Cain and explaining that he didn't want to dirty the pure white paper with his qFURuSk4bRy-00015-00006187-00006662 name. As Vikir read on, he realized that the handwriting was that of a Baskerville, and qFURuSk4bRy-00016-00006662-00006997 he wondered if the writer was a member of that Baskerville family. qFURuSk4bRy-00017-00006997-00007420 The letter went on to describe how Cain and his brother Abel had stumbled upon the legendary qFURuSk4bRy-00018-00007420-00007874 stone chamber that had been talked about within the family for generations. The two brothers qFURuSk4bRy-00019-00007874-00008313 had managed to navigate countless trials and kill many monsters in their quest to reach qFURuSk4bRy-00020-00008313-00008729 the chamber. However, the final assignment they found within had tied them there for qFURuSk4bRy-00021-00008729-00009054 three long years. Vikir couldn't believe the sacrifice they qFURuSk4bRy-00022-00009054-00009470 made for the treasure within the dungeon. He wondered what kind of treasure could possibly qFURuSk4bRy-00023-00009470-00009949 be worth such a sacrifice. His attention was drawn back to the present as he gazed upon qFURuSk4bRy-00024-00009949-00010361 the magnificent ruby at the center of the chamber, realizing that it must be the key qFURuSk4bRy-00025-00010361-00010813 to unlocking the final assignment of the dungeon. Vikir read the puzzle on the monument out qFURuSk4bRy-00026-00010813-00011352 loud, WHEN ENTERING, IT'S ONE, BUT ONCE INSIDE, IT'S TWO. WHEN LEAVING, IT'S ONE. He couldn't qFURuSk4bRy-00027-00011352-00011732 make sense of it, but he remembered reading in the letter that Cain and Abel had also qFURuSk4bRy-00028-00011732-00012148 struggled with it. According to the letter, the two brothers had contemplated over the qFURuSk4bRy-00029-00012148-00012529 ominous text for a long time before coming to a conclusion. qFURuSk4bRy-00030-00012529-00012941 Cain had written that he and Abel were twins who were separated at birth. In order to obtain qFURuSk4bRy-00031-00012941-00013387 the treasure of the dungeon, they needed to become one again. That meant only one of them qFURuSk4bRy-00032-00013387-00013833 could leave with the treasure. Cain had ended up killing his own brother in a fierce battle, qFURuSk4bRy-00033-00013833-00014300 but despite that, there was no change. They had definitely gone from two to one, but Cain qFURuSk4bRy-00034-00014300-00014658 couldn't take the treasure. After moments of regret, Cain had decided qFURuSk4bRy-00035-00014658-00015055 to leave the place and warn others not to come. He had written in the letter that there qFURuSk4bRy-00036-00015055-00015503 was nothing to obtain from this devil's den that only serves to taunt humans. qFURuSk4bRy-00037-00015503-00015916 Vikir read the letter carefully as Cain recounted their journey to the dungeon. They had faced qFURuSk4bRy-00038-00015916-00016333 countless challenges to get there, but now they were left with nothing. Vikir couldn't qFURuSk4bRy-00039-00016333-00016728 help but think about the assignment he had been given, and the fact that it was the same qFURuSk4bRy-00040-00016728-00017061 as Cain and Abel's despite the fact that he didn't have a twin. qFURuSk4bRy-00041-00017061-00017536 He knew that Cain and Abel had misinterpreted the text, but what did it mean? "When entering, qFURuSk4bRy-00042-00017536-00017994 it's one, but once inside, it's two. When leaving, it's one." The words echoed in his qFURuSk4bRy-00043-00017994-00018440 mind as he tried to decipher their meaning. Vikir refused to give up. He knew that there qFURuSk4bRy-00044-00018440-00018912 was no dungeon that could not be beaten, and he was determined to solve this puzzle. qFURuSk4bRy-00045-00018912-00019348 Vikir examined the skeleton carefully and suddenly had a realization. He thought about qFURuSk4bRy-00046-00019348-00019803 Cain and Abel's failure and understood that their downfall was their fixed mindset as qFURuSk4bRy-00047-00019803-00020251 two individuals. As he walked towards the ruby in the middle of room, He analyzed the qFURuSk4bRy-00048-00020251-00020675 dark passageway leading to a bright stone chamber and realized that the answer to the qFURuSk4bRy-00049-00020675-00021117 dungeon was in the riddle. I am one when entering through the dark passageway, but as soon as qFURuSk4bRy-00050-00021117-00021659 the ruby's light casts a shadow on me, I become two. And when darkness reenters, is when the qFURuSk4bRy-00051-00021659-00022111 stone chamber's final stage will open. As he broke the Ruby, Vikir revealed that the qFURuSk4bRy-00052-00022111-00022470 answer was 'shadow'. As Vikir broke the ruby, a sudden flash of qFURuSk4bRy-00053-00022470-00022912 light illuminated the room, revealing the treasure that had been hidden in the dungeon. qFURuSk4bRy-00054-00022912-00023381 Vikir's eyes widened in amazement as he realized what lay before him was the cause of the two qFURuSk4bRy-00055-00023381-00023640 brothers' deaths. Standing in front of him was a sword that qFURuSk4bRy-00056-00023640-00024095 emitted an evil aura, placed upon a stone. Vikir was shocked at the sight of the sword qFURuSk4bRy-00057-00024095-00024359 and wondered if it was the relic of the Devil's Den. qFURuSk4bRy-00058-00024359-00024837 As he examined the sword, his eyes fell upon the text inscribed on the stone beneath it. qFURuSk4bRy-00059-00024837-00025266 It stated that only those with Baskerville's blood would be able to take 'Beelzebub'. He qFURuSk4bRy-00060-00025266-00025697 was surprised and shocked to learn that the sword Beelzebub originated from this very qFURuSk4bRy-00061-00025697-00025966 place. At the mention of sword Beelzebub, his mind qFURuSk4bRy-00062-00025966-00026413 raced with memories of a childhood long gone. He recalled a picture book he had seen as qFURuSk4bRy-00063-00026413-00026900 a child, which depicted the gluttonous fly Beelzebub, an unprecedented great monster qFURuSk4bRy-00064-00026900-00027374 that had invaded the continent in old legends. He remembered that Beelzebub was part of the qFURuSk4bRy-00065-00027374-00027877 Devil's Holy Constellation, also known as the Seven Calamities, and that the heads of qFURuSk4bRy-00066-00027877-00028153 the seven families had stepped up to stop them. qFURuSk4bRy-00067-00028153-00028574 Vikir recalled that the first Baskerville patriarch had fought Beelzebub, and the remnants qFURuSk4bRy-00068-00028574-00029044 of its power had been stored in the lands of Baskerville. The demonic energy of Beelzebub qFURuSk4bRy-00069-00029044-00029499 was said to have lured monsters, and although the legend was dismissed by most as a mere qFURuSk4bRy-00070-00029499-00029925 myth, Vikir knew that it was true. The sword in front of him was proof of that. qFURuSk4bRy-00071-00029925-00030366 Vikir also recalled that the blade in front of him had been taken by the demon clans, qFURuSk4bRy-00072-00030366-00030694 resulting in countless deaths among humans on the battlefield. qFURuSk4bRy-00073-00030694-00031166 As Vikir tried to pull the sword out, he declared that it would never fall into the demon clans' qFURuSk4bRy-00074-00031166-00031650 hands again because it was his now. Suddenly, he felt an energy entering his hand and he qFURuSk4bRy-00075-00031650-00032147 exclaimed in surprise. He held the hilt firmly in his hand, and suddenly, the sword disappeared qFURuSk4bRy-00076-00032147-00032606 from sight. A moment later, it reappeared, fully fused with Vikir's hand. qFURuSk4bRy-00077-00032606-00033125 As Vikir extended his hand, the sword Beelzebub emerged from it, emitting a faint aura. Vikir qFURuSk4bRy-00078-00033125-00033550 gazed at the blade with wonder, knowing it was made from the corpse of a devil's holy qFURuSk4bRy-00079-00033550-00034020 constellation. He felt lucky to have received such a powerful weapon. With a grin on his qFURuSk4bRy-00080-00034020-00034450 face, Vikir wondered how much stronger he would become in this life with Beelzebub at qFURuSk4bRy-00081-00034450-00034813 his side, and the anticipation filled him with excitement. qFURuSk4bRy-00082-00034813-00034913 ​ qFURuSk4bRy-00083-00034913-00035298 After exploring the dungeon and realizing that there was nothing else for him to obtain, qFURuSk4bRy-00084-00035298-00035747 Vikir made the decision to head back. However, as he was leaving, he suddenly felt something qFURuSk4bRy-00085-00035747-00036217 strange happening to his body. He fell on his knees, feeling dizzy and hungry. qFURuSk4bRy-00086-00036217-00036669 As Vikir looked down at his hand, he heard Beelzbub's voice echoing and Vikir realized qFURuSk4bRy-00087-00036669-00036994 that it was not he who was hungry, but the sword itself. qFURuSk4bRy-00088-00036994-00037435 As Vikir walked out of the dungeon, he clutched his stomach with a painful expression. The qFURuSk4bRy-00089-00037435-00037840 hunger that had gripped Beelzbub had taken a toll on him, and he wondered if his sense qFURuSk4bRy-00090-00037840-00038308 of smell had been heightened as a result. Suddenly, Beelzbub began to pull Vikir towards qFURuSk4bRy-00091-00038308-00038800 a certain direction, tugging at his hand as if urging him to follow. Vikir ran in the qFURuSk4bRy-00092-00038800-00039216 direction that the sword was leading him, curious about what he would find. qFURuSk4bRy-00093-00039216-00039594 As he reached the location, he saw that it was the corpse of the hellhound that he had qFURuSk4bRy-00094-00039594-00040043 killed earlier. Vikir was surprised to see that Beelzbub was drawn to the corpse, and qFURuSk4bRy-00095-00040043-00040433 he extended the sword towards it. Vikir watched as Beelzbub absorbed the blood qFURuSk4bRy-00096-00040433-00040959 of the hellhound, feeling his own hunger subside as the sword's voracious appetite was sated. qFURuSk4bRy-00097-00040959-00041369 He couldn't help but wonder if Beelzbub's hunger had caused the trees and soil in the qFURuSk4bRy-00098-00041369-00041747 nearby mountain to dry up. As he looked down at Beelzbub, Vikir felt qFURuSk4bRy-00099-00041747-00042197 a sense of responsibility towards the sword and thought to himself, feeling a sense of qFURuSk4bRy-00100-00042197-00042793 frustration at Beelzbub's unpredictable nature. Beelzebub finished its meal, making a satisfied qFURuSk4bRy-00101-00042793-00043303 sound. Vikir watched as the sword's hunger was finally sated, and he took the opportunity qFURuSk4bRy-00102-00043303-00043644 to study its abilities. He looked at the slots on the sword and saw qFURuSk4bRy-00103-00043644-00044122 that Beelzebub's inherent ability was called "Glutton of Flies". Vikir knew that this power qFURuSk4bRy-00104-00044122-00044570 allowed the sword to absorb the skills of its opponents, making it a formidable weapon qFURuSk4bRy-00105-00044570-00044866 in battle. However, the absorption amount was nearly qFURuSk4bRy-00106-00044866-00045282 infinite, which meant that countless people had lost their abilities and become obsolete qFURuSk4bRy-00107-00045282-00045758 after facing Beelzebub. Vikir was aware of the hazardous nature of this power, and he qFURuSk4bRy-00108-00045758-00046097 knew that he could only steal up to three abilities for the sword. qFURuSk4bRy-00109-00046097-00046566 As he examined the first slot on Beelzebub, Vikir saw that it was now equipped with the qFURuSk4bRy-00110-00046566-00047061 "Hemorrhage Hellhound" skill, which was rated B+. This skill allowed the sword to constantly qFURuSk4bRy-00111-00047061-00047475 pump out the blood of its opponent, even through the smallest of wounds. qFURuSk4bRy-00112-00047475-00047915 Vikir suddenly got an idea and went to the dead Cerberus's body, with Beelzebub starting qFURuSk4bRy-00113-00047915-00048387 its work. However, Vikir tried to stop it, saying that it couldn't devour all of it, qFURuSk4bRy-00114-00048387-00048840 as he wouldn't be able to explain it during the autopsy if it was too damaged. Vikir lightly qFURuSk4bRy-00115-00048840-00049378 tapped Beelzebub on his hand and said, "Enough!" Beelzebub cried out in pain like a little qFURuSk4bRy-00116-00049378-00049681 child. Afterward, Beelzebub now had all three slots qFURuSk4bRy-00117-00049681-00050270 full: Burn Injury Cerberus A+ rank, Hemorrhage Hellhound B+ rank, and High-Speed Regeneration qFURuSk4bRy-00118-00050270-00050850 'Norvegicus' Sewer Rat F rank. Vikir was surprised to see the High-Speed Regeneration ability qFURuSk4bRy-00119-00050850-00051277 and noticed a dead rat under the Cerberus. He realized that Beelzebub had consumed the qFURuSk4bRy-00120-00051277-00051584 sewer rat that was crushed underneath the Cerberus. qFURuSk4bRy-00121-00051584-00051953 Vikir thought it was a great achievement to have acquired the "Burn Injury" skill from qFURuSk4bRy-00122-00051953-00052414 the Cerberus, as thermalgia is one of the worst pains a human could experience. It would qFURuSk4bRy-00123-00052414-00052825 be much worse than the Hellhound's hemorrhage. Now that they were done preparing the monster qFURuSk4bRy-00124-00052825-00053289 to submit for the practical exam, Vikir suggested waiting there until it was over. qFURuSk4bRy-00125-00053289-00053744 The young hounds had completed their practical examinations and returned to Baskerville, qFURuSk4bRy-00126-00053744-00054215 where they eagerly awaited their evaluations. As the evaluations were done, the young hounds qFURuSk4bRy-00127-00054215-00054676 received a shield, sword, or necklace as their reward produced from the parts of the monsters qFURuSk4bRy-00128-00054676-00055135 the hounds had hunted during their exams. But one young hound who had hunted one particular qFURuSk4bRy-00129-00055135-00055530 monster had left a lasting impression on the Baskervilles who were present. qFURuSk4bRy-00130-00055530-00056013 Hugo, the patriarch of the Baskerville family, sat in his office, looking surprised as he qFURuSk4bRy-00131-00056013-00056335 asked his head butler a question, Who caught what? qFURuSk4bRy-00132-00056335-00056805 The head butler responded, informing him that Master Vikir Van Baskerville, an eight-year-old qFURuSk4bRy-00133-00056805-00057236 hound had hunted the Cerberus an A + ranking monster who had "accidentally" crossed over qFURuSk4bRy-00134-00057236-00057708 to the restricted area during the practical exam. Hugo was surprised that Vikir hunted qFURuSk4bRy-00135-00057708-00058144 a high-ranking monster that even the family's guardian knights tended to avoid. qFURuSk4bRy-00136-00058144-00058522 The head butler went on to explain that the monster had been wounded by the barbarian qFURuSk4bRy-00137-00058522-00058920 tribe and that Master Vikir had applied poison to his wooden spear to hunt the Cerberus, qFURuSk4bRy-00138-00058920-00059375 but there was no further information on what kind of poison it was or how he obtained it. qFURuSk4bRy-00139-00059375-00059757 Hugo was intrigued, but the head butler could only report what was written in the hunting qFURuSk4bRy-00140-00059757-00060175 journal. He had planned to ask Master Vikir about it, but the young hound had returned qFURuSk4bRy-00141-00060175-00060663 to his dorm, stating that he was quite tired. Hugo was amused, remarking that the little qFURuSk4bRy-00142-00060663-00061189 brat was already so sly. He believed that information was power, and power was worth qFURuSk4bRy-00143-00061189-00061616 something. The head butler couldn't help but express his shock, saying that he was surprised qFURuSk4bRy-00144-00061616-00062007 that a hound named Van, rather than Le or La, was so talented. qFURuSk4bRy-00145-00062007-00062508 Hugo responded, saying that he did not discriminate based on a hound's bloodline. He raised hounds qFURuSk4bRy-00146-00062508-00062914 based on their talent and spite, not their lineage. This meant that even mutts could qFURuSk4bRy-00147-00062914-00063297 come from royal bloodlines. The head butler was left wondering if Hugo qFURuSk4bRy-00148-00063297-00063820 was concerned about his second son, who was preparing for isolation training. However, qFURuSk4bRy-00149-00063820-00064322 he didn't voice his thoughts aloud and simply apologized. Hugo dismissed his apology, but qFURuSk4bRy-00150-00064322-00064736 said that he needed a mood booster and head butler responded by saying that he will summon qFURuSk4bRy-00151-00064736-00065095 Master Vikir. Vikir stood in front of Patriarch Hugo, looking qFURuSk4bRy-00152-00065095-00065574 composed and confident. Hugo asked him about his success in catching the Cerberus during qFURuSk4bRy-00153-00065574-00066099 his practical exam, and Vikir calmly replied that he had used chocolate on his wooden spear, qFURuSk4bRy-00154-00066099-00066579 as it was a lethal poison for canid monsters. This surprised Hugo, who then realized the qFURuSk4bRy-00155-00066579-00066874 reason why Vikir had asked for chocolate before the hunt. qFURuSk4bRy-00156-00066874-00067341 The head butler, who was present in the room, was taken aback by the lack of a proper greeting qFURuSk4bRy-00157-00067341-00067867 between the two, wondering if this was really a conversation between a father and son. But qFURuSk4bRy-00158-00067867-00068360 the conversation continued, with Hugo asking Vikir why he had not responded properly when qFURuSk4bRy-00159-00068360-00068782 the butler had questioned him about the hunt. Vikir explained that the butler was not his qFURuSk4bRy-00160-00068782-00069269 master. And when Hugo asked who was his master was, Vikir simply said that as he belonged qFURuSk4bRy-00161-00069269-00069675 to the clan, the master of the clan was his master as well. qFURuSk4bRy-00162-00069675-00070104 Hugo smirked as he congratulated Vikir on his successful hunt, telling him that as a qFURuSk4bRy-00163-00070104-00070563 reward, the monster's corpse would be his alone to claim. And as the highest scorer, qFURuSk4bRy-00164-00070563-00071011 he had the privilege of making a wish. Vikir's eyes lit up at the opportunity and he knew qFURuSk4bRy-00165-00071011-00071385 exactly what he wanted. With a determined expression, he spoke his qFURuSk4bRy-00166-00071385-00071979 wish aloud, requesting access to the Ten-Thousand-Epistle Library. Ten-Thousand-Epistle Library was qFURuSk4bRy-00167-00071979-00072469 one of the largest libraries in the empire, located deep within the heart of the Baskerville qFURuSk4bRy-00168-00072469-00072907 Clan. Hugo raised an eyebrow in surprise at the request, reminding Vikir that only the qFURuSk4bRy-00169-00072907-00073388 patriarch and second in command, along with their direct descendants, were permitted to qFURuSk4bRy-00170-00073388-00073738 enter the library. Undeterred, Vikir stated that he was willing qFURuSk4bRy-00171-00073738-00074258 to give up if it wasn't allowed, but secretly he was already planning to sneak in. To his qFURuSk4bRy-00172-00074258-00074706 surprise, however, Hugo granted him permission to enter the library. Vikir was shocked but qFURuSk4bRy-00173-00074706-00075107 it didn't end there Hugo instructed him to read the "Baskerville Sixth Technique," which qFURuSk4bRy-00174-00075107-00075527 was located within the sixth restricted zone deep inside the library. qFURuSk4bRy-00175-00075527-00075911 Vikir was taken aback as he heard that Hugo was allowing a child with the 'Van' middle qFURuSk4bRy-00176-00075911-00076365 name to read the Baskerville Sixth Technique. It was unheard of for an illegitimate child qFURuSk4bRy-00177-00076365-00076876 to be allowed to go beyond the fourth technique. However, Vikir tried to stay calm and rationalize qFURuSk4bRy-00178-00076876-00077256 the situation. After all, it was only the sixth technique. qFURuSk4bRy-00179-00077256-00077766 But despite this, Vikir remained determined. He knew that Hugo was currently at the Baskerville qFURuSk4bRy-00180-00077766-00078233 Seventh Technique, and before his regression Hugo was able to bare nine fangs. But He hadn't qFURuSk4bRy-00181-00078233-00078657 forgotten about the discrimination he had faced as an illegitimate child, and he was qFURuSk4bRy-00182-00078657-00079100 determined to rise above Hugo's level. His goal was to obtain the greatest essence qFURuSk4bRy-00183-00079100-00079568 of Baskerville, the textbook of swordsmanship containing the teachings of the first patriarch qFURuSk4bRy-00184-00079568-00079994 who was able to subjugate the seven great disasters. He knew that this book would be qFURuSk4bRy-00185-00079994-00080377 the key to his success, and Hugo will be the one to hand it over to him. qFURuSk4bRy-00186-00080377-00080848 As Hugo smiled faintly and wished Vikir good luck, Vikir bowed and thanked him. He knew qFURuSk4bRy-00187-00080848-00081285 that Hugo had no idea of the true value of the random book he was handing over, but that qFURuSk4bRy-00188-00081285-00081757 didn't matter to Vikir. He was confident that he would make the most of this opportunity qFURuSk4bRy-00189-00081757-00082013 and grow stronger beyond everyone's expectations. qFURuSk4bRy-00190-00082013-00082480 Vikir arrived at the Ten Thousand Epistle Library for the first time and gazed around qFURuSk4bRy-00191-00082480-00082944 in amazement. As he browsed through the books, he read out their names to himself -"Severing qFURuSk4bRy-00192-00082944-00083510 Incisors", "Grinding Molars", "Piercing Canines", "Snaggletooth That Embeds Twice", "Wisdom qFURuSk4bRy-00193-00083510-00084006 Teeth That Lay Down", and other books on swordsmanship. These were the books on swordsmanship that qFURuSk4bRy-00194-00084006-00084295 he had desperately wanted to learn in his past life. qFURuSk4bRy-00195-00084295-00084717 However, Vikir knew that no matter how much mana an illegitimate child of Baskerville qFURuSk4bRy-00196-00084717-00085160 had, they could not learn any swordsmanship that was superior to the fourth technique. qFURuSk4bRy-00197-00085160-00085572 The Baskerville family had implemented this as a defense mechanism to ensure that the qFURuSk4bRy-00198-00085572-00085935 children who became hounds did not bare their teeth towards their master. qFURuSk4bRy-00199-00085935-00086320 Vikir eventually arrived at a place where a book was locked with chains with a lock qFURuSk4bRy-00200-00086320-00086744 in the middle. He wondered if this was it - the book on the sixth technique. He couldn't qFURuSk4bRy-00201-00086744-00087131 believe that Hugo had offered him the book on the sixth technique. Vikir knew that if qFURuSk4bRy-00202-00087131-00087551 it was before he regressed, he never would have dreamt of this opportunity. qFURuSk4bRy-00203-00087551-00088031 As Vikir unlocked the lock, he thought to himself that of course Hugo had allowed this, qFURuSk4bRy-00204-00088031-00088407 thinking that an eight-year-old child wouldn't be able to memorize the contents of the book qFURuSk4bRy-00205-00088407-00088880 in a day. But before Vikir's regression, he had already learnt the theory behind the 1st qFURuSk4bRy-00206-00088880-00089322 to 4th technique until he got sick of it. He had done this in order to deduce and speculate qFURuSk4bRy-00207-00089322-00089525 the theory of the fifth technique. qFURuSk4bRy-00208-00089525-00089951 Vikir had a realization that after drawing the fourth tooth, he needed to have stopped qFURuSk4bRy-00209-00089951-00090418 the flow of mana. Perhaps that was why he couldn't make the fifth tooth. The Baskerville qFURuSk4bRy-00210-00090418-00090824 swordsmanship had a unique trait where depending on the stage of the sword, it's one tooth qFURuSk4bRy-00211-00090824-00091332 for the first technique, two teeth for the second, and so on. And when you draw teeth, qFURuSk4bRy-00212-00091332-00091668 a special trait, a red sword energy, appears. qFURuSk4bRy-00213-00091668-00092013 Despite getting a chance to read the book on the sixth technique, Vikir didn't care qFURuSk4bRy-00214-00092013-00092482 about it. He had come to the Ten Thousand Epistle Library for a different reason - to qFURuSk4bRy-00215-00092482-00092842 find a stage that was higher than the one he was currently at. qFURuSk4bRy-00216-00092842-00093246 Vikir walked out of the swordsmanship books section of the library, catching the guards qFURuSk4bRy-00217-00093246-00093702 by surprise. They questioned him in disbelief that was he done reading books already. qFURuSk4bRy-00218-00093702-00094074 The guards offered to get him more books, mentioning that there were other swordsmanship qFURuSk4bRy-00219-00094074-00094510 books deep within the library. But Vikir declined and assured them that he had finished what qFURuSk4bRy-00220-00094510-00094610 he came for. qFURuSk4bRy-00221-00094610-00095027 The guards were amazed that Vikir was done so quickly and suggested that he stay longer qFURuSk4bRy-00222-00095027-00095430 to browse other books. Vikir assured them and said that he was thinking of reading other qFURuSk4bRy-00223-00095430-00095574 books before leaving. qFURuSk4bRy-00224-00095574-00096054 As Vikir walked away, the guards began whispering amongst themselves, commenting that the section qFURuSk4bRy-00225-00096054-00096506 Vikir was going to was filled with miscellaneous books. One of the guards suggested that if qFURuSk4bRy-00226-00096506-00096903 it were him, he would read about the textbooks on swordsmanship that were deep within the qFURuSk4bRy-00227-00096903-00097306 library. He wondered if Vikir didn't know their worth because he was young. qFURuSk4bRy-00228-00097306-00097681 Vikir overheard their conversation and thought to himself that he would leave them to their qFURuSk4bRy-00229-00097681-00098111 thoughts. He knew that among the dusty miscellaneous books lay a hidden treasure. qFURuSk4bRy-00230-00098111-00098556 As Vikir looked around the library, suddenly his eyes lit up as he spotted a book titled qFURuSk4bRy-00231-00098556-00098938 "A Lurking Ambush". He reached for it and held it in his hands, knowing that it was qFURuSk4bRy-00232-00098938-00099429 the book he had been searching for. He examined it and noted that it was a useless miscellaneous qFURuSk4bRy-00233-00099429-00099697 book with ripped pages, but he knew its true worth. qFURuSk4bRy-00234-00099697-00100119 He remembered a time before his regression when he was affiliated with the Hound Squad. qFURuSk4bRy-00235-00100119-00100569 They had found a single ripped page from a swordsmanship textbook, with Baskerville's qFURuSk4bRy-00236-00100569-00101081 handwriting on it. Hugo, who was obsessed with finding the book that matched the page, qFURuSk4bRy-00237-00101081-00101494 had scoured the entire library and finally found it in "A Lurking Ambush". qFURuSk4bRy-00238-00101494-00101925 The book contained the Baskerville ancestors' writings, including the tenth technique that qFURuSk4bRy-00239-00101925-00102379 Hugo had gone crazy over. He had sent hounds to the seven great families to obtain the qFURuSk4bRy-00240-00102379-00102884 remaining six pages, even declaring war on those who refused. After the sacrifice of qFURuSk4bRy-00241-00102884-00103358 many hounds, all the missing pages were given to Hugo. But in the end, the only reward he qFURuSk4bRy-00242-00103358-00103614 received was a simple word "good job". qFURuSk4bRy-00243-00103614-00104016 Because of this Hugo had broken through the seventh technique and achieved the ninth technique qFURuSk4bRy-00244-00104016-00104554 but it came at a terrible cost. Under him was a pile of wasted hound corpses and blood. qFURuSk4bRy-00245-00104554-00104970 Vikir's eyes narrowed with anger as he recalled this memory and said that it was a stupid qFURuSk4bRy-00246-00104970-00105414 life. He knew he could not let it happen again. Vikir remembered all the contents of those qFURuSk4bRy-00247-00105414-00105883 missing pages and realized that the only reason he couldn't progress beyond the fourth technique qFURuSk4bRy-00248-00105883-00106153 was that he had no access to the original book. qFURuSk4bRy-00249-00106153-00106592 He knew that those missing pages held the key to mastering the techniques. Without them, qFURuSk4bRy-00250-00106592-00107019 the book was nothing but a collection of random and useless techniques. After reading the qFURuSk4bRy-00251-00107019-00107456 book for a while, he said aloud that if other people read this book, it would seem like qFURuSk4bRy-00252-00107456-00107860 a miscellaneous book that didn't make any sense. But the moment you use the missing qFURuSk4bRy-00253-00107860-00108340 pages and fill in the blanks, the false and misleading information turns into an amazing qFURuSk4bRy-00254-00108340-00108508 masterpiece of a book. qFURuSk4bRy-00255-00108508-00108940 Vikir had reached the highest level of Graduator Aura and the highest level of the Fourth Technique qFURuSk4bRy-00256-00108940-00109363 before he regressed. He knew he could do it again, but this time, he wouldn't make the qFURuSk4bRy-00257-00109363-00109845 same mistake. He made a vow to himself that before he turned fifteen, he would reclaim qFURuSk4bRy-00258-00109845-00110025 the power he had lost. qFURuSk4bRy-00259-00110025-00110439 Vikir was deeply engrossed in reading the book, and time seemed to pass quickly. When qFURuSk4bRy-00260-00110439-00110877 he finally closed the book, he realized that the night had turned into day. He was amazed qFURuSk4bRy-00261-00110877-00111289 at how much he had achieved during this time and felt proud of himself for memorizing the qFURuSk4bRy-00262-00111289-00111471 entire book's contents. qFURuSk4bRy-00263-00111471-00111919 As Vikir stood up, he took notice of his surroundings and realized that the Guardian Knights were qFURuSk4bRy-00264-00111919-00112048 nowhere to be seen. qFURuSk4bRy-00265-00112048-00112473 He knew that he could not draw ten teeth with a young body, but he was confident that currently qFURuSk4bRy-00266-00112473-00112877 he had the potential to achieve the fifth technique that he couldn't reach in his previous qFURuSk4bRy-00267-00112877-00112977 life. qFURuSk4bRy-00268-00112977-00113397 Vikir entered a focused and determined state, with the statue before him. He began to strike qFURuSk4bRy-00269-00113397-00113917 it with his Baskerville sword technique, unleashing his full power with each attack. First, he qFURuSk4bRy-00270-00113917-00114370 executed the First Technique, then the Second Technique, followed by the Third Technique qFURuSk4bRy-00271-00114370-00114592 and finally, the Fourth Technique. qFURuSk4bRy-00272-00114592-00115035 As he fought, memories of his past flooded his mind. He remembered how hard he had worked qFURuSk4bRy-00273-00115035-00115510 to obtain the highest level of Graduator Aura in his previous life, but he couldn't learn qFURuSk4bRy-00274-00115510-00115983 a suitable sword technique. And only met with hostility from the people of the direct bloodline qFURuSk4bRy-00275-00115983-00116427 because He was an illegitimate child and that was also the reason why he could not go beyond qFURuSk4bRy-00276-00116427-00116544 the Fifth Technique. qFURuSk4bRy-00277-00116544-00117002 But this time, Vikir was determined not to let his past hold him back. He attacked the qFURuSk4bRy-00278-00117002-00117501 statue with all his might, channeling his anger and frustration into his sword strikes. qFURuSk4bRy-00279-00117501-00117950 In the midst of his attacks, Vikir's thoughts turned defiant. With a vivid image of Hugo's qFURuSk4bRy-00280-00117950-00118392 face on the statue in front of him, he unleashed his technique, cutting through the statue qFURuSk4bRy-00281-00118392-00118516 with precision. qFURuSk4bRy-00282-00118516-00118915 Vikir breathed heavily and wondered if he was able to execute the fifth technique. He qFURuSk4bRy-00283-00118915-00119416 clenched his hands and smiled as he felt a hot sensation rise from his heart to his neck. qFURuSk4bRy-00284-00119416-00119865 He was overwhelmed with happiness, to the point that he could cry. Suddenly, he realized qFURuSk4bRy-00285-00119865-00120145 that he needed a sword to test his newly learned technique. qFURuSk4bRy-00286-00120145-00120572 At that moment, at a record-breaking speed in Baskerville's history, a young hound's qFURuSk4bRy-00287-00120572-00120907 canine teeth started to grow that were bared towards its master. qFURuSk4bRy-00288-00120907-00121380 Vikir beamed with pride, his body still trembling with excitement from his success in drawing qFURuSk4bRy-00289-00121380-00121864 the fifth tooth. He couldn't believe how far he had come, and how quickly he had managed qFURuSk4bRy-00290-00121864-00122304 to do it. He marveled at the strength of his mana, now able to support him at a level he qFURuSk4bRy-00291-00122304-00122665 had only achieved after years of hard work in his previous life. qFURuSk4bRy-00292-00122665-00123175 As he looked at the liquid aura flowing within him, a sign of his newfound status as a graduator, qFURuSk4bRy-00293-00123175-00123571 he couldn't help but feel a sense of awe. Graduators were on a completely different qFURuSk4bRy-00294-00123571-00124046 level from sword experts, and he was now one of them. It was a point that had taken him qFURuSk4bRy-00295-00124046-00124515 30 years to reach in his previous life, and yet here he was, only 8 years old. qFURuSk4bRy-00296-00124515-00124952 The solid aura within him had transformed into a liquid state, with increased density qFURuSk4bRy-00297-00124952-00125182 that allowed him to use it more freely. qFURuSk4bRy-00298-00125182-00125600 Vikir felt confident about his new skills and abilities, and he knew that he could achieve qFURuSk4bRy-00299-00125600-00126028 much more. He was determined to master the 'Lurking Ambush' sword technique and use it qFURuSk4bRy-00300-00126028-00126491 to its full potential. He realized that with this technique, he could smoothly transition qFURuSk4bRy-00301-00126491-00126975 between offense and defense, making it the perfect technique with no limitations. qFURuSk4bRy-00302-00126975-00127438 Vikir carefully placed the book near the window and took a moment to reflect on his progress. qFURuSk4bRy-00303-00127438-00127857 He knew that he had come a long way since his regression, and he was now stronger and qFURuSk4bRy-00304-00127857-00128290 more skilled than ever before. He felt that he could challenge a mid-class graduator if qFURuSk4bRy-00305-00128290-00128721 he put his mind to it, and he was confident that he could win using his new skills. qFURuSk4bRy-00306-00128721-00129158 However, Vikir also knew that he couldn't reveal too much of his strength to Hugo. He qFURuSk4bRy-00307-00129158-00129597 needed to give Hugo something to look forward to, so he had enough time to take everything qFURuSk4bRy-00308-00129597-00129707 he needed. qFURuSk4bRy-00309-00129707-00130133 Vikir the took out a magnifying lens, and placed it carefully near a the book. The sun's qFURuSk4bRy-00310-00130133-00130552 rays converged onto the pages of the book throught the lens, and a little fire started qFURuSk4bRy-00311-00130552-00130652 burning it. qFURuSk4bRy-00312-00130652-00131046 With an evil grin, Vikir commented that the destruction of the book would make it difficult qFURuSk4bRy-00313-00131046-00131524 for Hugo and the Hounds to reach the 10th technique, although Vikir himself would have qFURuSk4bRy-00314-00131524-00131663 no such difficulty. qFURuSk4bRy-00315-00131663-00132113 Suddenly, the guards, who had been nowhere to be seen, arrived in the library. The smell qFURuSk4bRy-00316-00132113-00132530 of burning paper had caught their attention. They were startled to see Vikir there and qFURuSk4bRy-00317-00132530-00132744 demanded to know what had happened. qFURuSk4bRy-00318-00132744-00133182 Vikir's expression quickly changed to one of apology, and he explained that he had accidentally qFURuSk4bRy-00319-00133182-00133680 left the magnifying glass around, which had caused the fire. He offered to inform the qFURuSk4bRy-00320-00133680-00133831 butlers of the incident. qFURuSk4bRy-00321-00133831-00134264 The guards knew that they could be punished heavily for this, and after a brief pause, qFURuSk4bRy-00322-00134264-00134708 one of them spoke up that this was not something that he needed to apologize for. It was their qFURuSk4bRy-00323-00134708-00135135 fault for not looking after him properly. And they were just glad that this was an area qFURuSk4bRy-00324-00135135-00135321 with only useless books. qFURuSk4bRy-00325-00135321-00135714 Vikir asked if they were busy with the Morg Clan regarding the ruby mines. He thought qFURuSk4bRy-00326-00135714-00136094 they wouldn't have time to deal with small problems like this, especially since they qFURuSk4bRy-00327-00136094-00136560 weren't even there to begin with. The guards agreed to keep it a secret, as long as Vikir qFURuSk4bRy-00328-00136560-00136995 was willing to do the same. As he started walking away, Vikir suggested they keep the qFURuSk4bRy-00329-00136995-00137412 incident between themselves and He apologized for taking up their time. qFURuSk4bRy-00330-00137412-00137812 As Vikir walked away, the guards spoke to each other about how nice and considerate qFURuSk4bRy-00331-00137812-00138248 he was towards the workers. They believed he deserved to be respected. Little did they qFURuSk4bRy-00332-00138248-00138639 know, Vikir had a mischievous grin on his face as he left them behind. qFURuSk4bRy-00333-00138639-00139064 As Vikir stood in Hugo's office, Hugo asked him if he had learned something enlightening qFURuSk4bRy-00334-00139064-00139552 in the library. Vikir responded that he had learned of something warm and sharp, yet soft qFURuSk4bRy-00335-00139552-00140051 and viscous. This statement shocked both Hugo and the head butler, who realized that Vikir qFURuSk4bRy-00336-00140051-00140216 might have achieved the aura. qFURuSk4bRy-00337-00140216-00140661 Aura was a sign of officially entering the world of the sword. Even geniuses must train qFURuSk4bRy-00338-00140661-00141111 without rest until the age of 15 to reach the level of 'low-class sword expert.' qFURuSk4bRy-00339-00141111-00141576 Hugo was excited but then realized that Vikir was only 8 years old and denied the thought qFURuSk4bRy-00340-00141576-00141975 of Vikir reaching that level. He then asked Vikir if he could show his father what he qFURuSk4bRy-00341-00141975-00142269 had learned, to which Vikir responded affirmatively. qFURuSk4bRy-00342-00142269-00142700 In the colosseum-like structure, Vikir stood with a sword in his hand as many young hounds qFURuSk4bRy-00343-00142700-00143184 watched with confused looks on their faces. Head Butler asked Hugo how he planned on testing qFURuSk4bRy-00344-00143184-00143625 Vikir's skills, to which Hugo replied that he was going to release a monster for Vikir qFURuSk4bRy-00345-00143625-00143734 to deal with. qFURuSk4bRy-00346-00143734-00144159 Head Butler was shocked at the idea of releasing a monster, and Hugo confirmed that he had qFURuSk4bRy-00347-00144159-00144601 prepared a hungry and feisty one. The gate in front of Vikir opened and a guard brought qFURuSk4bRy-00348-00144601-00144709 in the chained orc. qFURuSk4bRy-00349-00144709-00145162 The orc was a massive, green-skinned creature with bulging muscles and razor-sharp tusks qFURuSk4bRy-00350-00145162-00145650 protruding from its mouth. Its beady eyes darted around the colosseum, sizing up its qFURuSk4bRy-00351-00145650-00146035 opponents. The young hounds in the audience looked on in shock and awe at the sight of qFURuSk4bRy-00352-00146035-00146470 the fearsome creature. Some whispered to each other in disbelief, questioning whether it qFURuSk4bRy-00353-00146470-00146921 was really necessary to send an orc to face an 8-year-old. They wondered if the Guardian qFURuSk4bRy-00354-00146921-00147240 Knights would have to intervene if things got out of hand. qFURuSk4bRy-00355-00147240-00147679 Despite the audience's doubts, Vikir remained calm and collected, ready to face the orc qFURuSk4bRy-00356-00147679-00147796 with his sword. qFURuSk4bRy-00357-00147796-00148205 Hugo gave permission and the guard opened the orc's chains. The orc let out a loud roar qFURuSk4bRy-00358-00148205-00148660 and charged towards Vikir. However, Vikir remained calm and waited for the right moment qFURuSk4bRy-00359-00148660-00149124 to strike. As the orc approached him, Vikir swung his sword with lightning speed, cutting qFURuSk4bRy-00360-00149124-00149636 off the orc's arm in a swift motion. The audience, as well as the orc, were shocked by Vikir's qFURuSk4bRy-00361-00149636-00150115 sudden display of strength. But Vikir didn't waste any time and quickly swung his sword qFURuSk4bRy-00362-00150115-00150605 again, cutting off the orc's leg cleanly. The orc fell to the ground, growling in pain. qFURuSk4bRy-00363-00150605-00151107 Vikir, on the other hand, remained composed and analyzed the situation. He realized that qFURuSk4bRy-00364-00151107-00151551 the orc must be surprised that it was bleeding for the first time and that its distinctive qFURuSk4bRy-00365-00151551-00152114 skill, 'high-speed regeneration,' won't activate either. Vikir knew that C class monsters won't qFURuSk4bRy-00366-00152114-00152473 be able to stop the hemorrhage caused by a B-class Hellhound. qFURuSk4bRy-00367-00152473-00152850 The audience was in disbelief at what they had just witnessed. They couldn't believe qFURuSk4bRy-00368-00152850-00153258 that an 8-year-old could be that strong. Some wondered if it was even possible to do that qFURuSk4bRy-00369-00153258-00153796 without collecting mana. Vikir looked at Hugo, but the latter's face remained calm and collected, qFURuSk4bRy-00370-00153796-00154261 and no expression could be seen on his face. Vikir knew that Hugo was still trying to determine qFURuSk4bRy-00371-00154261-00154736 what he had learned inside the library and decided to show him what he wanted to see. qFURuSk4bRy-00372-00154736-00155202 Suddenly, Hugo's eyes began to glow, and the Head Butler exclaimed in shock questioning qFURuSk4bRy-00373-00155202-00155371 if that was Aura Blade. qFURuSk4bRy-00374-00155371-00155791 Vikir's sword began to glow with a bright red light as he charged towards the orc, who qFURuSk4bRy-00375-00155791-00156281 was attempting to stand up. With a swift strike, the Aura blade sliced through the air and qFURuSk4bRy-00376-00156281-00156737 blasted off the orc's head. Hugo, who was seated on a nearby chair, couldn't believe qFURuSk4bRy-00377-00156737-00156873 what he had just witnessed. qFURuSk4bRy-00378-00156873-00157314 The head butler immediately recognized the glow emanating from Vikir's sword as the aura qFURuSk4bRy-00379-00157314-00157802 of a low-class sword expert. He congratulated Hugo, exclaiming that they had just witnessed qFURuSk4bRy-00380-00157802-00158178 the birth of a genius, and that there would never be another like him in all the families qFURuSk4bRy-00381-00158178-00158294 of the empire. qFURuSk4bRy-00382-00158294-00158740 However, Hugo's attention was drawn to the orc's blood, which continued to flow despite qFURuSk4bRy-00383-00158740-00159219 its reputation for rapid regeneration. He told the Head Butler that Vikir had only won qFURuSk4bRy-00384-00159219-00159376 because the orc was weak. qFURuSk4bRy-00385-00159376-00159814 But just then, Vikir's voice reached Hugo's ears, and he turned to face his son. With qFURuSk4bRy-00386-00159814-00160333 an innocent smile on his face, Vikir asked, Is there anything stronger than this orc. qFURuSk4bRy-00387-00160333-00160746 The audience, filled with young hounds was surprised when Vikir requested a new and qFURuSk4bRy-00388-00160746-00161079 stronger opponent. Vikir had his own motivations for wanting qFURuSk4bRy-00389-00161079-00161642 to face a stronger opponent. He hoped to impress his father, Hugo, and demonstrate his progress qFURuSk4bRy-00390-00161642-00162087 in front of the audience. He believed that by doing so, he could be acknowledged and qFURuSk4bRy-00391-00162087-00162576 possibly separated from his father, like being dispatched to a remote area or admitted to qFURuSk4bRy-00392-00162576-00162951 an academy. Hugo, who was watching from the sidelines, qFURuSk4bRy-00393-00162951-00163348 commented that the orcs he had brought in from afar were not enough to satisfy his son's qFURuSk4bRy-00394-00163348-00163752 hunger. He agreed with Vikir and suggested that he should be facing more challenging qFURuSk4bRy-00395-00163752-00164177 opponents at his age. He turned to his head butler, and asked him if there was a creature qFURuSk4bRy-00396-00164177-00164531 they had captured during a barbarian raid for experimentation. qFURuSk4bRy-00397-00164531-00164927 The head butler confirmed that there was just one creature left, and Hugo ordered for it qFURuSk4bRy-00398-00164927-00165361 to be brought in. Vikir and the audience were surprised as they watched a troll being led qFURuSk4bRy-00399-00165361-00165685 into the arena. Vikir stood in the arena, facing a fearsome qFURuSk4bRy-00400-00165685-00166110 troll that was twice his size. Vikir asked for Hugo approval to start the qFURuSk4bRy-00401-00166110-00166370 fight. And as Hugo gave his approval, the troll's qFURuSk4bRy-00402-00166370-00166826 chains were released, and it lunged at Vikir with a powerful punch. But Vikir was quick qFURuSk4bRy-00403-00166826-00167354 and agile, and he managed to dodge the attack with ease. He swiftly moved behind the troll, qFURuSk4bRy-00404-00167354-00167820 taking advantage of its momentary confusion. In the audience, someone exclaimed that this qFURuSk4bRy-00405-00167820-00168200 was the perfect moment to attack and questioned why did Vikir missed it. qFURuSk4bRy-00406-00168200-00168659 Hugo on the otherhand nodded and explained that Trolls had excellent regenerative power, qFURuSk4bRy-00407-00168659-00169173 so only fatal attacks were worth it. and That's why a plan was needed in order to hunt a troll. qFURuSk4bRy-00408-00169173-00169673 As the troll charged towards Vikir, he gracefully dodged each of its attacks with ease. The qFURuSk4bRy-00409-00169673-00170125 audience watched in amazement as they saw Vikir evading the troll's attacks effortlessly. qFURuSk4bRy-00410-00170125-00170578 However, they couldn't help but wonder why Vikir wasn't fighting back. They speculated qFURuSk4bRy-00411-00170578-00170988 that maybe he was trying to tire the troll out or that he was a genius who had a plan qFURuSk4bRy-00412-00170988-00171324 up his sleeve. After a while, Vikir realized that the fight qFURuSk4bRy-00413-00171324-00171819 was becoming tedious and decided to take action. He knew that if he used his full strength, qFURuSk4bRy-00414-00171819-00172223 he could easily kill the troll, but that would put him in a tough spot. He needed to make qFURuSk4bRy-00415-00172223-00172687 it seem plausible, and so he decided to use the troll's power against it. qFURuSk4bRy-00416-00172687-00173201 As the troll attacked again, Vikir seized the opportunity and swiftly attacked its arm, qFURuSk4bRy-00417-00173201-00173677 almost detaching it from the troll's shoulder. The audience gasped in amazement as they saw qFURuSk4bRy-00418-00173677-00174138 Vikir's quick and decisive move. They thought he had slayed the troll, but they soon realized qFURuSk4bRy-00419-00174138-00174441 that it would recover in an instant unless the wound was fatal. qFURuSk4bRy-00420-00174441-00174890 The troll's wounds began to heal at an alarming rate. Vikir realized that the only way to qFURuSk4bRy-00421-00174890-00175395 kill it was with Beelzebub's Hemorrhage Skill. However, he also knew that using such a technique qFURuSk4bRy-00422-00175395-00175746 would be meaningless. Hugo advised Vikir to stop before things got qFURuSk4bRy-00423-00175746-00176248 out of hand. But Vikir ignored the advice and replied that he was almost done. He continued qFURuSk4bRy-00424-00176248-00176641 and told that he was near an epiphany and if he could not kill Troll with his next attack qFURuSk4bRy-00425-00176641-00176978 he will give up. As the troll growled menacingly at Vikir, qFURuSk4bRy-00426-00176978-00177390 he couldn't help but ponder over how much of his true power he should reveal. He knew qFURuSk4bRy-00427-00177390-00177840 that he had already decided on an answer - he wanted to show a scenario where he had leveled qFURuSk4bRy-00428-00177840-00178309 up from an epiphany during the fight. However, he was also curious to see how Hugo would qFURuSk4bRy-00429-00178309-00178605 react to this. His sword glowed red as he prepared for a qFURuSk4bRy-00430-00178605-00179111 powerful attack. As his sword struck the troll's head, it was cleanly sliced off without any qFURuSk4bRy-00431-00179111-00179398 resistance. Everyone, including the head butler and the qFURuSk4bRy-00432-00179398-00179883 audience, was shocked by what they had just witnessed. It was unprecedented for an eight-year-old qFURuSk4bRy-00433-00179883-00180373 to achieve the Second Technique of the Baskerville Clan, which was normally attained at eighteen qFURuSk4bRy-00434-00180373-00180703 years of age. Vikir was overjoyed by his victory and had qFURuSk4bRy-00435-00180703-00181180 an innocent smile on his face as he declared that he had done it. However, Hugo was left qFURuSk4bRy-00436-00181180-00181433 in shock and couldn't believe what he had just seen. qFURuSk4bRy-00437-00181433-00181850 A week had passed since Vikir's impressive display of power against the troll, and he qFURuSk4bRy-00438-00181850-00182380 found himself sitting in the Baskerville Clan's dining area, staring down at a bowl of unappetizing qFURuSk4bRy-00439-00182380-00182748 miscellaneous meat porridge. While eating his food, Vikir noticed that qFURuSk4bRy-00440-00182748-00183189 everyone was avoiding him, which didn't come as a surprise to him since power was everything qFURuSk4bRy-00441-00183189-00183624 in their family. But He was pleased when he saw that even Hugo was taken aback by his qFURuSk4bRy-00442-00183624-00184128 recent display of power. Vikir reflected on what he had revealed about himself so far, qFURuSk4bRy-00443-00184128-00184585 including his Baskerville second technique and mid-rank sword expertise. However, he qFURuSk4bRy-00444-00184585-00185013 also knew the truth that he was in fact a low-rank graduator who could weakly perform qFURuSk4bRy-00445-00185013-00185442 the Baskerville fifth technique. With the skill he obtained from the troll, he believed qFURuSk4bRy-00446-00185442-00185860 he was now stronger than the average graduator. He then remembered that he had been eating qFURuSk4bRy-00447-00185860-00186413 a lot more since obtaining the skill for Beelzebub's third slot, which now had a superspeed regeneration qFURuSk4bRy-00448-00186413-00186869 troll with a C+ rating. Suddenly, the triplets appeared behind Vikir, qFURuSk4bRy-00449-00186869-00187251 causing him to be surprised and cautious. He thought to himself that he didn't want qFURuSk4bRy-00450-00187251-00187710 to deal with them again. So he turned back to his food and resumed eating. The triplets qFURuSk4bRy-00451-00187710-00188167 quickly explained that they just wanted to tell him that he was so cool when he defeated qFURuSk4bRy-00452-00188167-00188654 Cerberus and the troll. Vikir was so surprised that he spat out his porridge. The triplets qFURuSk4bRy-00453-00188654-00189147 asked him if he was okay, but Vikir was suspicious of their motives. He thought to himself that qFURuSk4bRy-00454-00189147-00189584 it might be some kind of two-faced technique or deceitful policy. He considered beating qFURuSk4bRy-00455-00189584-00190054 them up before thinking about it more, but before he could act, the head butler, Barrymore, qFURuSk4bRy-00456-00190054-00190529 appeared behind him and called out his name . Vikir was surprised to see him and wondered qFURuSk4bRy-00457-00190529-00190966 why he was here. Barrymore then informed him that he should hurry to the patriarch room, qFURuSk4bRy-00458-00190966-00191221 and Vikir wondered why Hugo had summoned him. qFURuSk4bRy-00459-00191221-00191746 In Baskerville clans patriarch office, patriarch Hugo sat on his chair as someone entered and qFURuSk4bRy-00460-00191746-00192267 greeted him. It was Morg Clan Patriarch by proxy Adolf Morg. Hugo acknowledged that it qFURuSk4bRy-00461-00192267-00192751 had been a while and Adolf noted that he hoped the annual event would go smoothly. Hugo assured qFURuSk4bRy-00462-00192751-00193050 him that the joint training had always gone without a hitch. qFURuSk4bRy-00463-00193050-00193496 Adolf brought up the incident from last year when two children were seriously injured, qFURuSk4bRy-00464-00193496-00193962 one from each family. Hugo tried to downplay it, saying it was but a scratch and that Morg's qFURuSk4bRy-00465-00193962-00194391 children seemed to be quite dramatic. Adolf retorted that it was because the Morgs were qFURuSk4bRy-00466-00194391-00194541 noble and dignified. qFURuSk4bRy-00467-00194541-00194953 The Baskervilles and the Morgs were once on good terms as they were a renowned mage clan qFURuSk4bRy-00468-00194953-00195399 and iron-blooded sword clan respectively. The past emperor had once said that magic qFURuSk4bRy-00469-00195399-00195867 and swords are a complementary pair and because of this They began joint training sessions qFURuSk4bRy-00470-00195867-00196367 for children between the ages of eight and fifteen, which was carried out annually in qFURuSk4bRy-00471-00196367-00196891 a good atmosphere. However, a problem arose when a ruby mine was discovered between their qFURuSk4bRy-00472-00196891-00197350 territories, and blood was spilt over the conflict. As a result, the two patriarchs qFURuSk4bRy-00473-00197350-00197827 came to be on bad terms, but they had to continue with the joint training as per the emperor's qFURuSk4bRy-00474-00197827-00198276 command. Adolf had come in his brother's stead to ensure that the event went smoothly. qFURuSk4bRy-00475-00198276-00198701 Adolf mentioned to Hugo that he had heard news about a supernova appearing in the Baskerville qFURuSk4bRy-00476-00198701-00199161 family, which was a great blessing to the empire. He explained that a rare genius, who qFURuSk4bRy-00477-00199161-00199685 was perhaps only born once a century, had been born to the Baskervilles. However, Hugo qFURuSk4bRy-00478-00199685-00200037 responded with pride, saying that it was not that big of a deal. qFURuSk4bRy-00479-00200037-00200548 Adolf noticed Hugo's reaction and was surprised that Hugo actually received the compliment. qFURuSk4bRy-00480-00200548-00200955 But then, Adolf mentioned that the Morgs also had a genius in their hands and called for qFURuSk4bRy-00481-00200955-00201246 his sister's daughter, Camus, to come into the room. qFURuSk4bRy-00482-00201246-00201770 Camus, a girl with red hair, entered the room and Adolf introduced her to Hugo as Respanee's qFURuSk4bRy-00483-00201770-00201870 daughter. qFURuSk4bRy-00484-00201870-00202252 Adolf turned to Camus and asked her if she was going to greet the patriarch, but instead qFURuSk4bRy-00485-00202252-00202763 of answering the question, Camus accused Hugo for being the thief who stole their ruby mine qFURuSk4bRy-00486-00202763-00203283 and demanded that he give it back. This accusation didn't sit well with Hugo, who gave Adolf qFURuSk4bRy-00487-00203283-00203533 an angry stare and questioned the accusation. qFURuSk4bRy-00488-00203533-00203947 Camus then explained that Adolf had referred to "the annoying chin beard" as the thief qFURuSk4bRy-00489-00203947-00204446 who stole the ruby mine. Adolf denied ever saying such a thing, but Camus insisted that qFURuSk4bRy-00490-00204446-00204935 he had said it an hour and forty-two minutes ago, right before getting off the carriage. qFURuSk4bRy-00491-00204935-00205425 Hugo, still trying to control his anger, asked for clarification but Adolf tried to defuse qFURuSk4bRy-00492-00205425-00205907 the situation by suggesting that there was a misunderstanding. However, Hugo said that qFURuSk4bRy-00493-00205907-00206357 there was no need for Adolf to explain the Morg clan's problems with children's education qFURuSk4bRy-00494-00206357-00206457 to him. qFURuSk4bRy-00495-00206457-00206865 Camus persisted in her demand for her rubies to be returned, complaining that she couldn't qFURuSk4bRy-00496-00206865-00207359 even do research without them. Adolf tried to calm her down by calling out her name, qFURuSk4bRy-00497-00207359-00207805 but to no avail. Hugo was losing his patience and commented in anger that it seemed like qFURuSk4bRy-00498-00207805-00208034 the Morgs didn't teach manners at all. qFURuSk4bRy-00499-00208034-00208484 Adolf defended Camus, questioning what Hugo planned on doing to a child and if he was qFURuSk4bRy-00500-00208484-00208917 threatening an eight-year-old girl. This left Hugo speechless as he couldn't bring himself qFURuSk4bRy-00501-00208917-00209161 to act in such a way that would hurt his pride. qFURuSk4bRy-00502-00209161-00209600 Suddenly, a new voice entered the room, remarking that the Morgs don't teach their children qFURuSk4bRy-00503-00209600-00210080 not to envy what belongs to others. The speaker of this voice was none other than Vikir, and qFURuSk4bRy-00504-00210080-00210421 the head butler informed Hugo that he had brought the young master. qFURuSk4bRy-00505-00210421-00210839 Adolf was taken aback by the sudden appearance of Vikir and couldn't help but wonder if he qFURuSk4bRy-00506-00210839-00211296 was the Baskervilles' supernova. However, his thoughts were interrupted when he realized qFURuSk4bRy-00507-00211296-00211661 that Camus, who was sitting right next to him, had disappeared. qFURuSk4bRy-00508-00211661-00212140 Camus, on the other hand, had approached Vikir and demanded to know what he had just said. qFURuSk4bRy-00509-00212140-00212601 Adolf called out her name, trying to stop her from causing a scene. Meanwhile, Vikir qFURuSk4bRy-00510-00212601-00213121 was analyzing Camus, wondering if she was the Morg clan's iron-blooded empress, Camus qFURuSk4bRy-00511-00213121-00213221 Morg. qFURuSk4bRy-00512-00213221-00213682 Vikir recalled Camus' reputation as the genius of geniuses within the Morg clan, who had qFURuSk4bRy-00513-00213682-00214156 raised countless great mages. At her peak, she had killed all the monsters and barbarians qFURuSk4bRy-00514-00214156-00214646 in the Le Rouge et le Noir mountain by herself, burning them to death on spears and creating qFURuSk4bRy-00515-00214646-00215186 the famous border of blood and ashes. In addition, her beauty was captivating, and she was able qFURuSk4bRy-00516-00215186-00215646 to manipulate even the imperial family. As a result, she was called the fire goddess qFURuSk4bRy-00517-00215646-00215767 of authority. qFURuSk4bRy-00518-00215767-00216207 Vikir noted that this was all in the far future and that she was just a child right now. qFURuSk4bRy-00519-00216207-00216741 Camus interrupted Vikir's thoughts and aggressively questioned why the ruby mine belonged to Vikir. qFURuSk4bRy-00520-00216741-00217227 Vikir remained calm and collected, even going as far as to call Camus out on throwing a qFURuSk4bRy-00521-00217227-00217656 tantrum. Camus then began to cast a spell but instead of attacking she created an ice qFURuSk4bRy-00522-00217656-00217885 sculpture to illustrate her point. qFURuSk4bRy-00523-00217885-00218344 Vikir was surprised by Camus's use of spell as an ice sculpture instead of an attack, qFURuSk4bRy-00524-00218344-00218811 as was expecting a fight to break out between the two. As Camus pointed to her creation qFURuSk4bRy-00525-00218811-00219400 and began to explain, Camus pointed to a nearby cave and began to explain the situation regarding qFURuSk4bRy-00526-00219400-00219892 the ruby mine. She stated that the mine was situated on the border between Morg and Baskerville qFURuSk4bRy-00527-00219892-00220373 territories and was called the Joint Security Area. Camus continued, saying that while the qFURuSk4bRy-00528-00220373-00220817 entrance to the mine was on Morg territory, the mine itself ran underneath Baskerville qFURuSk4bRy-00529-00220817-00221242 territory, preventing the Baskervilles from claiming it all for themselves. qFURuSk4bRy-00530-00221242-00221746 Camus emphasized that the ruby mineral vein belonged to the Morg clan, but the Baskervilles qFURuSk4bRy-00531-00221746-00222206 were claiming that it was tres passing and interrupting their mining activities. Camus qFURuSk4bRy-00532-00222206-00222658 further explained that the Morgs had offered to pay rent for the territory, but the Baskervilles qFURuSk4bRy-00533-00222658-00223146 had rejected the offer. Adolf seemed pleased with this explanation, but Hugo was becoming qFURuSk4bRy-00534-00223146-00223342 annoyed with the situation. qFURuSk4bRy-00535-00223342-00223788 Vikir then mentioned that rubies were commonly used for magic ingredients and that the Baskervilles qFURuSk4bRy-00536-00223788-00224291 didn't need to mine them. However, he also pointed out that it was unfortunate that the qFURuSk4bRy-00537-00224291-00224642 Baskerville's weren't fools who would open there territories just for few pennies. qFURuSk4bRy-00538-00224642-00225134 Camus was surprised and confused by this statement, pointing out that if the Baskervilles didn't qFURuSk4bRy-00539-00225134-00225581 need rubies, then why not rent their land? Vikir explained that the Baskervilles were qFURuSk4bRy-00540-00225581-00226091 only interested in their land and didn't want anyone else to profit from it. He warned Camus qFURuSk4bRy-00541-00226091-00226482 not to come into their territory, as they were the only ones who would lose out in the qFURuSk4bRy-00542-00226482-00226582 situation. qFURuSk4bRy-00543-00226582-00227053 Camus, however, was not satisfied with this explanation and decided to take matters into qFURuSk4bRy-00544-00227053-00227529 her own hands. She claimed that she had possession over the ruby mineral vein and she placed qFURuSk4bRy-00545-00227529-00228028 her arm over the sculpture in the Baskerville territory, asking whose arm it was. Vikir qFURuSk4bRy-00546-00228028-00228467 caught her arm and responded with a smile, saying that it was his arm, as it was in his qFURuSk4bRy-00547-00228467-00228567 land. qFURuSk4bRy-00548-00228567-00228990 Camus felt her face flush with embarrassment as Vikir's words made her feel flustered. qFURuSk4bRy-00549-00228990-00229369 She couldn't believe what she was hearing and responded with a stutter asking him What qFURuSk4bRy-00550-00229369-00229664 was he talking about? How could she belong to him. qFURuSk4bRy-00551-00229664-00230176 Vikir, who seemed amused by Camus's reaction, replied with a mischievous grin, "Who said qFURuSk4bRy-00552-00230176-00230276 you're mine?" qFURuSk4bRy-00553-00230276-00230725 Camus was confused by Vikir's response and Suddenly, Vikir pulled out a knife from his qFURuSk4bRy-00554-00230725-00231232 back, which surprised not only Camus but also Adolf and the head butler. Vikir's evil grin qFURuSk4bRy-00555-00231232-00231629 sent chills down everyone's spine as he said, "I'm saying your arm's mine." qFURuSk4bRy-00556-00231629-00232194 Camus was taken aback by Vikir's sudden change in demeanor and said in a shaky voice What? qFURuSk4bRy-00557-00232194-00232594 Hugo, who was sitting nearby, was sweating profusely, and the only sound that could be qFURuSk4bRy-00558-00232594-00234382 heard in the room was a hiccup. qFURuSk4bRy-00559-00234382-00234982 ​  ​ qLzBZrbA1Gc-00000-00000000-00000150 Hello everyone qLzBZrbA1Gc-00001-00000150-00000623 here we are on the Advocacy Tour: Indigenous Blood, Not a Single Drop More qLzBZrbA1Gc-00002-00000623-00000886 on the twenty-fourth day qLzBZrbA1Gc-00003-00000886-00001490 In Switzerland, we also had 3 very intense days qLzBZrbA1Gc-00004-00001490-00002140 in which the delegation split into groups to be able to deal with everything. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00005-00002140-00002583 A group went to Geneva, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00006-00002583-00003123 where we had a meeting at the UN, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00007-00003123-00003556 with the UN Human Rights Director, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00008-00003556-00004083 we denounced all rights violations and the murders of leaders. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00009-00004083-00004436 She was concerned qLzBZrbA1Gc-00010-00004436-00004653 about the denial of rights situation qLzBZrbA1Gc-00011-00004653-00004913 and about the murders, mainly. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00012-00004913-00005146 Still in Geneva, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00013-00005146-00005273 we also had a meeting qLzBZrbA1Gc-00014-00005273-00005933 with a group of businessmen in which we alerted them to all the risks qLzBZrbA1Gc-00015-00005933-00006586 that will emerge if the Mercosul free trade agreement is ratified qLzBZrbA1Gc-00016-00006586-00006930 We said that they, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00017-00006930-00007430 as companies and investors, have a huge social responsibility qLzBZrbA1Gc-00018-00007430-00007866 in relation to environmental issues and human rights. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00019-00007866-00008156 We raised our concerns, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00020-00008156-00008723 and agreed to see how they can move forward to secure, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00021-00008723-00009546 within the agreements that they have already signed with Brazilian companies, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00022-00009546-00009943 stronger corporate social responsibility, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00023-00009943-00010426 while respecting indigenous land demarcation qLzBZrbA1Gc-00024-00010426-00010953 in particular the consultation protocols of each people, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00025-00010953-00011393 where there are investments. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00026-00011393-00011843 In the evening we went to an event at the university qLzBZrbA1Gc-00027-00011843-00012053 where we could speak about qLzBZrbA1Gc-00028-00012053-00012373 and share the message of our journey. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00029-00012373-00012593 We were asked several questions, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00030-00012593-00013013 one of them was very interesting, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00031-00013013-00013200 which was from a Brazilian diplomat, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00032-00013200-00013663 who presented points and data, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00033-00013663-00014603 saying that Brazil has ratified the UN Declaration on Indigenous Peoples, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00034-00014603-00014986 that it is also a signatory to ILO Convention 169, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00035-00014986-00015446 and that it has been proceeding with the demarcation of indigenous lands. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00036-00015446-00015850 Anyway, both Kretã, Celia and I qLzBZrbA1Gc-00037-00015850-00016430 shared our point of view and asked him to update his data. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00038-00016430-00017013 As a diplomat representing this 11-month-old government, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00039-00017013-00017340 he used data from previous years. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00040-00017340-00017823 And we know that in these eleven months qLzBZrbA1Gc-00041-00017823-00018223 genocide is institutionalized in Brazil, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00042-00018223-00018493 that demarcation processes are paralyzed. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00043-00018493-00018856 So what he did, as a government representative at that event, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00044-00018856-00019253 was try to embarrass us, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00045-00019253-00019476 but we believe it worked the other way around: qLzBZrbA1Gc-00046-00019476-00019760 Because the data he presented was from previous years, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00047-00019760-00020046 and this administration has been even trying qLzBZrbA1Gc-00048-00020046-00020516 to legalize the dismantling of the data itself. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00049-00020516-00020936 So it was important that we had the opportunity to qLzBZrbA1Gc-00050-00020936-00021253 position ourselves in relation to the real situation of today, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00051-00021253-00021840 the dangers we face, the danger in which all rights defenders live. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00052-00021840-00022020 We have left Switzerland qLzBZrbA1Gc-00053-00022020-00022326 and today is our first day in France, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00054-00022326-00022466 already in Paris. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00055-00022466-00022670 We came by train, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00056-00022670-00023023 the whole delegation arrived at the hotel, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00057-00023023-00023263 and after everyone settled in, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00058-00023263-00023860 we had a delicious dinner made by Marcia Tiburi, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00059-00023860-00024160 to whom we want to send a big hug, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00060-00024160-00024586 to this wonderful warrior who brought strong words, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00061-00024586-00025043 words that joined our indigenous peoples’ resistance. qLzBZrbA1Gc-00062-00025043-00025506 That's it, keep following our Indigenous Blood Tour, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00063-00025506-00025703 we are in the tenth country, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00064-00025703-00025916 and almost in the final stretch qLzBZrbA1Gc-00065-00025916-00026189 before we return to Brazil, qLzBZrbA1Gc-00066-00026189-00026470 always keeping up our resistance qNb6lKPG6DE-00000-00000000-00000603 dub front qST2v7dakJy-00000-00000175-00000680 In every stop along my nine-city life, a parallel me lives on. qST2v7dakJy-00001-00000680-00001226 Eight other girls, now women, tread eight paths without pause. qST2v7dakJy-00002-00001226-00001862 Eight different lives unfurl under their feet, complete, unique. qST2v7dakJy-00003-00001862-00002036 And this ninth? qST2v7dakJy-00004-00002036-00002403 How do I know this is the real one? qST2v7dakJy-00005-00002404-00002794 Four-year-old me in Geneva has a recurring anxiety dream. qST2v7dakJy-00006-00002794-00003170 I dream that I am asleep and dreaming that I am asleep and dreaming that I am asleep qST2v7dakJy-00007-00003171-00003461 and dreaming, on and on. qST2v7dakJy-00008-00003461-00003920 In order to wake up, all the dreaming me’s have to wake up in sequence qST2v7dakJy-00009-00003920-00004168 or we will all cease to be. qST2v7dakJy-00010-00004168-00004787 Between one sleeping breath and the next, we will just…wink out of existence. qST2v7dakJy-00011-00004788-00005182 Would anybody notice, I wonder one morning as I brush my teeth with my qST2v7dakJy-00012-00005182-00005826 strawberry flavoured toothbrush, if just once I didn’t wake up at the right moment? qST2v7dakJy-00013-00005826-00006302 What if instead of disappearing I just woke up in some other me’s body, qST2v7dakJy-00014-00006302-00006514 in some other me’s life? qST2v7dakJy-00015-00006514-00006692 Who would I be? qST2v7dakJy-00016-00006692-00006898 Who was I right now? qST2v7dakJy-00017-00006898-00007448 And how did I know that? qST2v7dakJy-00018-00007448-00008114 I construct myself out of unhelpful explanations, in in-betweens and almosts, qST2v7dakJy-00019-00008114-00008446 not-quites, actuallys, and but-alsos. qST2v7dakJy-00020-00008446-00008898 Repeating the litany of my lives begun, lived, lost, qST2v7dakJy-00021-00008898-00009310 with each ‘and then we moved’ another part breaks off. qST2v7dakJy-00022-00009310-00009620 I am not the voice of a people. qST2v7dakJy-00023-00009620-00010206 My inheritance is a tongue split three ways, a bill charged uncontested qST2v7dakJy-00024-00010206-00010898 and paid out each time someone forgets that facets are made by cuts. qST2v7dakJy-00025-00011372-00011626 I arrive here in the damp. qST2v7dakJy-00026-00011626-00012174 The rain bloats July into a thick icy stew, like the sweaty humidity qST2v7dakJy-00027-00012174-00012478 of Islamabad gone rancid. qST2v7dakJy-00028-00012478-00013006 The shock of cold after pre-monsoon torpor, when the air is so heavy qST2v7dakJy-00029-00013006-00013263 everything buckles beneath it. qST2v7dakJy-00030-00013263-00013762 Melbourne stands cold and blue and small, a premature baby qST2v7dakJy-00031-00013762-00014132 of buildings clustering together like a secret. qST2v7dakJy-00032-00014132-00014572 I do not realise then how telling are the little European transplants qST2v7dakJy-00033-00014572-00014860 that line the streets. qST2v7dakJy-00034-00014960-00015536 The cigarette-burned shoebox flat with its stained midnight carpet that eats sunshine qST2v7dakJy-00035-00015536-00016050 and vomits someone else’s hair lies at the centre of our lives, qST2v7dakJy-00036-00016050-00016502 a greedy black hole devouring any errant light. qST2v7dakJy-00037-00016502-00017238 This year of missed dinners, sore feet, late nights, trams trains buses trams, trams trains buses qST2v7dakJy-00038-00017238-00017888 sits heavily on my shoulders, a great vulture weighing me down with claw and carrion stench, qST2v7dakJy-00039-00017888-00018336 as I rebuild my life in the dark. qST2v7dakJy-00040-00018412-00018988 On the tram, tones tongues arguments vocabularies wash over me. qST2v7dakJy-00041-00018989-00019619 A lost old man is offered language after language until his destination is found. qST2v7dakJy-00042-00019619-00020208 The teenagers behind me somersault through broad Arabic and broader Australian. qST2v7dakJy-00043-00020208-00020630 Every way of speaking that I know is understood. qST2v7dakJy-00044-00020630-00021264 At university they offer me pity, tut-tutting at the tragedy of my multilingualisms qST2v7dakJy-00045-00021264-00021710 trapped here in Australia where ‘we’ speak only English. qST2v7dakJy-00046-00022040-00022402 The smell of jasmine is a haunting. qST2v7dakJy-00047-00022402-00022928 At three I picked the buds cascading over my neighbour’s wall, my grandfather’s qST2v7dakJy-00048-00022929-00023540 tremors shaking them from the bushes, my hands bruising them before my grandmother strung qST2v7dakJy-00049-00023540-00023856 the white gems together for me. qST2v7dakJy-00050-00023856-00024518 On every continent since, those little fragrant flowers have found me qST2v7dakJy-00051-00024518-00024878 and now at the other end of the earth I catch myself qST2v7dakJy-00052-00024878-00025312 on spring days looking at my wrists for garlands. qST2v7dakJy-00053-00025586-00026254 A dark brown woman, arms akimbo, glares at me from her yellow land against blue sea and sky, qST2v7dakJy-00054-00026254-00026832 ‘You are on Aboriginal Land’ spelled out in the same blue beneath her. qST2v7dakJy-00055-00026832-00027345 At Orientation each speaker acknowledges the Wurundjeri owners of the land. qST2v7dakJy-00056-00027345-00028045 In class I learn of disenfranchisement, displacement, stolen children, stolen land, stolen culture, qST2v7dakJy-00057-00028045-00028876 stolen voices, and then of apologies that somehow will make it all right to stay. qST2v7dakJy-00058-00028938-00029344 I am a seaside town on an island that I don’t remember. qST2v7dakJy-00059-00029344-00029916 I am cities that hold this country’s population in one small fist, qST2v7dakJy-00060-00029916-00030660 where the Big Smoke is choking smog and children big as car tires hustle you in a blink. qST2v7dakJy-00061-00030660-00031294 I am the highest mountains in the world, and the most cruel; one city that never sleeps qST2v7dakJy-00062-00031294-00031650 and another that slumbers content under blizzards. qST2v7dakJy-00063-00031650-00031972 I am all of these places and none of them. qST2v7dakJy-00064-00031972-00032248 What does it matter? I am here. qST2v7dakJy-00065-00032248-00032352 Thank you. qU9V7Goe6iY-00000-00000006-00000822 the Spanish community and other ethnic groups more than he did his own people so I'm not an advocate qU9V7Goe6iY-00001-00000822-00001866 I'm not a fan of I'm not a as I said earlier a groupie of Obama at all okay okay in fact I don't qU9V7Goe6iY-00002-00001866-00002679 believe that his presidency really did a whole lot in in our interest problem okay I know what he did qU9V7Goe6iY-00003-00002679-00003657 in Libya brother but go here yeah okay so you want me to ant it was it right to replace Obamacare you qU9V7Goe6iY-00004-00003657-00004317 yeah Obamacare was you had worst idea that's ever been tested and the American put anything qU9V7Goe6iY-00005-00004317-00004941 in place of it nothing has to be put in place of it there is insurance see if you have no knowledge qU9V7Goe6iY-00006-00004941-00005667 of what insurances if you have no knowledge of you being in self-determination who's in charge qU9V7Goe6iY-00007-00005667-00006456 of your health the state or you understand which is who's in charge are you willing to submit to qU9V7Goe6iY-00008-00006456-00007104 some bureaucrat and some distant capital your health or are you in charge of your health are qU9V7Goe6iY-00009-00007104-00007755 you saying both of y'all did you see a way the system was before the stupid Obamacare if you qU9V7Goe6iY-00010-00007755-00008448 worked and you had a job 99 percent of companies gave you insurance I was self-employed my entire qU9V7Goe6iY-00011-00008448-00009090 life I bought my own insurance that's what you have to do you buy your like you buy your own qU9V7Goe6iY-00012-00009090-00009798 auto insurer you buy your own homeowners insurance you buy your own life insurance so why should the qU9V7Goe6iY-00013-00009798-00010911 federal government be involved just like this goofy Sanders Medicare for all the I bet you I qU9V7Goe6iY-00014-00010911-00011442 bet you're Sanders doesn't even know what pays for Medicare the me okay now they want me to qU9V7Goe6iY-00015-00011442-00012087 lecture you on Medicare I can do that for another show but you know what are you saying that it was qU9V7Goe6iY-00016-00012087-00012810 okay to replace you get rid Obamacare putting up an insulated I'm asking I didn't say that it was qU9V7Goe6iY-00017-00012810-00013452 okay to get get rid of what I'm saying is that Obama care far as I know and I don't I'm not an qU9V7Goe6iY-00018-00013452-00014199 expert on this well I know that it hurt a lot of poor people and middle-class people's pockets to qU9V7Goe6iY-00019-00014199-00015105 to to partake over Obama I do know that much okay it doubled the amount of what people were paying qU9V7Goe6iY-00020-00015105-00015816 and a triple the amount of their deductible it was totally mentioned before it appealed to the qU9V7Goe6iY-00021-00015816-00017097 gay community because it the average person like if you want to succeed in America go to work stay qU9V7Goe6iY-00022-00017097-00017847 married raise a family run a normal life and you will succeed I don't care for your black I don't qU9V7Goe6iY-00023-00017847-00018252 care if you're white you want to know what white privilege is you want me to explain well no it qU9V7Goe6iY-00024-00018252-00019230 is white privilege is a mom and a dad so black privilege is a mom and a dad red privilege is qU9V7Goe6iY-00025-00019230-00020091 a man a mom and a dead yellow privilege is a mom and a dead brown privilege the United family wait qU9V7Goe6iY-00026-00020091-00020856 a minute now as a Muslim you should understand that family is the key to society wait a minute qU9V7Goe6iY-00027-00020856-00021696 wait a minute now white privilege means to me is if we have identical credit ratings you can qU9V7Goe6iY-00028-00021696-00022284 March and then get a better interest rate than me I'm talking about diffic but that's a great honor qU9V7Goe6iY-00029-00022284-00022914 admission but white privilege is being able to shout and scream and holiday a policeman qU9V7Goe6iY-00030-00022914-00023721 without getting shot in the head I was growing up we are not a weirdo you could go all YouTube qU9V7Goe6iY-00031-00023721-00024579 or the internet any day and see any confrontation between a cop and a white person and in fact I saw qU9V7Goe6iY-00032-00024579-00025110 one winner well where white person was standing all up on top of a police vehicle and all they did qU9V7Goe6iY-00033-00025110-00026067 was peacefully arrested yet that's the step no.1 my solutions to the black problem in a solution I qU9V7Goe6iY-00034-00026067-00027099 believe there's more god-fearing law-abiding black folk in Chicago than there are criminals but they qU9V7Goe6iY-00035-00027099-00028017 don't deserve they have the right to patrol their own neighborhoods they have the right to man there qU9V7Goe6iY-00036-00028017-00028739 should be no white officers in the black community well I dish I'm sure half the white officers would qU9V7Goe6iY-00037-00028739-00030573 agree with you 100% taking target practice you know what there's something called section well qU9V7Goe6iY-00038-00030573-00031149 person you get a house there's a person deserve Section eight for the rest of a life if they're qU9V7Goe6iY-00039-00031149-00031779 able body that's what it give free house let me out how they until today let me answer this qU9V7Goe6iY-00040-00031779-00032706 question I believe that everybody in America whether rich or poor deserves a decent roof over qU9V7Goe6iY-00041-00032706-00033225 their show able body should be able to secure a meal I don't know how the system I don't know qU9V7Goe6iY-00042-00033225-00033777 how the system is gonna work it out but I believed it you know you got all these homeless people all qU9V7Goe6iY-00043-00033777-00034644 over Chicago and all throughout the United States they're human being we wouldn't let a dog walk qU9V7Goe6iY-00044-00034644-00035313 the streets ain't no Chicago without putting it in there and it's although it's all authorities that qU9V7Goe6iY-00045-00035313-00036027 are controlled by the Democrats that have all the homeless I've driven in Seattle I've driven in LA qU9V7Goe6iY-00046-00036027-00036543 you say are you saying that a person that is an able body sitting up looking at Jerry's printing qU9V7Goe6iY-00047-00036543-00037152 old all day and Maury Povich deserves section eight and I go to work in this one war no I'm qU9V7Goe6iY-00048-00037152-00037740 saying Dennis no I didn't say that I'm not to me it's not an issue of sex section eight I believe qU9V7Goe6iY-00049-00037740-00038445 that every human being deserves a roof over their show no matter how rich or poor okay that's what I qU9V7Goe6iY-00050-00038445-00038968 personally believe we ask you the same question that's a person that is a section eight that is qU9V7Goe6iY-00051-00038968-00039568 an able body watching Jerry Springer and all my children all day deserves section day for the qU9V7Goe6iY-00052-00039568-00040192 rest of their lives and I go out my house damnit work hard all day let's really go Sidney Sidney qU9V7Goe6iY-00053-00040192-00040747 let's look at the house and let's look at the problem in Chicago okay the prom in Chicago is qU9V7Goe6iY-00054-00040747-00041314 there were slums on the south side there were some lumps on the west side and then they came in they qU9V7Goe6iY-00055-00041314-00042052 put this public housing up and the early days of public housing people were paying more rent for qU9V7Goe6iY-00056-00042052-00042688 the public housing in the meantime all them other buildings got deteriorated and then they allowed qU9V7Goe6iY-00057-00042688-00043204 the public housing to get deteriorate I mean the main reason for public housing you know why public qU9V7Goe6iY-00058-00043204-00044086 housing came about after World War two when all these soldiers came back and they were men they qU9V7Goe6iY-00059-00044086-00044725 weren't children they wanted to get married and have families and that's where public housing came qU9V7Goe6iY-00060-00044725-00045427 from the most succeed now nowadays what section eight is to help people move into but I agree with qU9V7Goe6iY-00061-00045427-00046183 you there but there's a Donald Trump is trying to do is bring manufacturing back in Chicago let me qU9V7Goe6iY-00062-00046183-00046696 write here a simple system of section Alice all right this has to go with section eight qU9V7Goe6iY-00063-00046696-00047743 Richard M daily signed a head tax in 1973 there was four hundred thousand manufacturing jobs in qU9V7Goe6iY-00064-00047743-00048655 Chicago is that true in 1970 all these factories left Richard Daley probably did it thinking the qU9V7Goe6iY-00065-00048655-00049345 black people would leave with the factories so whose the races the Democrats or the Republicans qU9V7Goe6iY-00066-00049345-00050515 before Donald Trump got in you have we had how many years of George Bush who stole the election qU9V7Goe6iY-00067-00050515-00051244 from most black voters down in the Florida and other places across the country every every vote qU9V7Goe6iY-00068-00051244-00051917 every vote count in Florida show George Bush women before George Bush we had Clinton before qU9V7Goe6iY-00069-00051917-00052866 him we had daddy Bush who did hardly nothing for the black community so took you the only thing you qU9V7Goe6iY-00070-00052866-00053595 could do it only on the Democrats the only Reagan do for the black community make sure there's great qU9V7Goe6iY-00071-00053595-00054225 jobs and that's what Donald Trump is doing more black people are working right now than ever in qU9V7Goe6iY-00072-00054225-00054951 the history of America no Hispanic people I don't not in Chicago you're not gonna see it in Chicago qU9V7Goe6iY-00073-00054951-00055869 but in the rest of the country you know we're together this is sure do you think the sanctuary qU9V7Goe6iY-00074-00055869-00056832 city is right do you think that you are entitled to something and you snuck in this country no no qU9V7Goe6iY-00075-00056832-00057615 sanctuary cities wrong I mean how many illegal aliens do we have sitting in county jail that qU9V7Goe6iY-00076-00057615-00058140 we are feeding every day where if they called ice they would put them back in their home countries qU9V7Goe6iY-00077-00058140-00059028 and this is half the country is sanctuary I do know what Mia's been a moderate I would say you qU9V7Goe6iY-00078-00059028-00059604 know what I wrote it because you know what if you go to Europe without no passport they're qU9V7Goe6iY-00079-00059604-00060266 gonna send you back but what is your opinion about sanctuary see look look I'm just reflecting on the qU9V7Goe6iY-00080-00060266-00060984 fact that middle eighties many of these big men meaning many of these big manufacturers here in qU9V7Goe6iY-00081-00060984-00061725 Chicago are taking advantage of these these these Emer these illegal immigrants they're immigrants qU9V7Goe6iY-00082-00061725-00062366 they're employing them on dirt cheap jock dirt cheap jobs where they don't have any any benefits qU9V7Goe6iY-00083-00062366-00062946 I believe that that many upper echelon of white Americans they don't they don't even care anything qU9V7Goe6iY-00084-00062946-00063483 about the immigration issue because they're using these people you know what we got three minutes qU9V7Goe6iY-00085-00063542-00063927 so you know what I'm gonna let you get a minute you may have a finish and come in and then I'm qU9V7Goe6iY-00086-00063927-00064442 gonna let him get a minute well the only thing I would like to say is that I respect mr. Smith's qU9V7Goe6iY-00087-00064442-00065216 opinion too though I disagree with it I would like to say that I'm a very opinionated person qU9V7Goe6iY-00088-00065216-00065781 yeah and I don't want you to think that anything that that has anything personal against you that qU9V7Goe6iY-00089-00065781-00066399 I'm just very strong and expressing my opinion and I respect you even though I disagree with what you qU9V7Goe6iY-00090-00066399-00067065 say okay all I can say Trump Towers here in the background right here behind me there's some power qU9V7Goe6iY-00091-00067065-00067755 isn't it great the city of Chicago there's a seven story building with the President of the United qU9V7Goe6iY-00092-00067755-00068526 States named right on it I mean how lucky can we be in Chicago and I hope this new mayor this qU9V7Goe6iY-00093-00068526-00069198 good ol would excuse me brother what is your show come on my show is on Wednesdays at 7:30 channel qU9V7Goe6iY-00094-00069198-00070050 19 and Thursday at 2:30 team Chicago Challenge great motorcycle racing okay przemek Crescent qU9V7Goe6iY-00095-00070050-00070554 Society me flaming Crescent Sodom itza the third Saturday of every month for further information qU9V7Goe6iY-00096-00070554-00071184 call eight seven two eight zero zero seven three five five and assalamualaikum to everybody you qU9V7Goe6iY-00097-00071184-00072018 looking at the Underground Railroad if you like this pressure with Facebook Twitter periscope qU9V7Goe6iY-00098-00072018-00072573 whatever you do but the Underground Railroad comes on every Saturday night at 10:30 I got qU9V7Goe6iY-00099-00072573-00073116 these guys you can see them on my YouTube page okay so I want to thank both of y'all qU9V7Goe6iY-00100-00073116-00073659 for coming on and I hope here no prob will come back cuz I'm elected I hope that you will come qU9V7Goe6iY-00101-00073659-00074163 back I will I hope that you will come back no problem leave these type of conversations qU9V7Goe6iY-00102-00074381-00074660 discipline Salaam alaikum qWi-IcRSTRc-00000-00000015-00000286 - Yes, guys, your eyes are not deceiving you. qWi-IcRSTRc-00001-00000286-00000786 You're looking at the very first gaming phone of 2022. qWi-IcRSTRc-00002-00000789-00001228 That is the Red Magic 7, and I've been using this device qWi-IcRSTRc-00003-00001228-00001397 for a while, and I've gotta say, though, qWi-IcRSTRc-00004-00001397-00001641 there's some truly unique and impressive things qWi-IcRSTRc-00005-00001641-00001802 in here, and they've done a lot qWi-IcRSTRc-00006-00001802-00002009 to satisfy your gaming needs. qWi-IcRSTRc-00007-00002009-00002243 So let's just start off with the hardware first. qWi-IcRSTRc-00008-00002243-00002575 It's running the Snapdragon 8 Gen 1, qWi-IcRSTRc-00009-00002575-00002837 but of course, you've got something qWi-IcRSTRc-00010-00002837-00003095 that's really important to the Red Magic series, qWi-IcRSTRc-00011-00003095-00003315 which is the built-in fan. qWi-IcRSTRc-00012-00003315-00003492 Now, you've got vapor-cooling chambers in there, qWi-IcRSTRc-00013-00003492-00003650 but you've also got a brand-new fan qWi-IcRSTRc-00014-00003650-00004052 that runs up to 20,000 RPMs to cool your device much better. qWi-IcRSTRc-00015-00004052-00004310 Now, we'll see how well that does, qWi-IcRSTRc-00016-00004310-00004486 but that allows you to extend your gameplay qWi-IcRSTRc-00017-00004486-00004654 and push your games as much as possible, qWi-IcRSTRc-00018-00004654-00004826 and we're looking at you, Genshin Impact. qWi-IcRSTRc-00019-00004826-00005018 We'll be getting to you in a second. qWi-IcRSTRc-00020-00005018-00005275 The display on this device is a good 6.8 inches, qWi-IcRSTRc-00021-00005275-00005518 165-hertz refresh rate. qWi-IcRSTRc-00022-00005518-00005900 Yes, you heard that correctly, 165-hertz refresh rate, qWi-IcRSTRc-00023-00005900-00006143 which is truly impressive, but the other thing qWi-IcRSTRc-00024-00006143-00006433 that's impressive, of course, is the touch sampling rate qWi-IcRSTRc-00025-00006433-00006833 of 720, so you're playing a game like Call of Duty Mobile. qWi-IcRSTRc-00026-00006833-00007077 You can feel it run smooth and fast, qWi-IcRSTRc-00027-00007077-00007414 and the display is just, it feels like butter, right. qWi-IcRSTRc-00028-00007414-00007639 Now, to couple that, the other unique feature qWi-IcRSTRc-00029-00007639-00008070 you find on any Red Magic phone are the two side qWi-IcRSTRc-00030-00008070-00008303 trigger buttons, which are re-mappable trigger buttons qWi-IcRSTRc-00031-00008303-00008547 on this device, which is truly cool, qWi-IcRSTRc-00032-00008547-00008780 and they have a touch sampling rate of 500 hertz. qWi-IcRSTRc-00033-00008780-00009212 So again, this is pushing everything to the max as a gamer. qWi-IcRSTRc-00034-00009212-00009508 Now, the hardware feels very similar qWi-IcRSTRc-00035-00009508-00009591 but still comfortable to use. qWi-IcRSTRc-00036-00009591-00009862 You've got your power button on top. qWi-IcRSTRc-00037-00009862-00010144 Right above the power button is one of the air vents qWi-IcRSTRc-00038-00010144-00010243 for the fan. qWi-IcRSTRc-00039-00010243-00010582 There's one right behind, next to the camera module, qWi-IcRSTRc-00040-00010582-00010756 and there's one on the other side, qWi-IcRSTRc-00041-00010756-00010974 where you have, of course, your volume rocker qWi-IcRSTRc-00042-00010974-00011273 and as well your game center button. qWi-IcRSTRc-00043-00011273-00011419 When you have all of that built in, qWi-IcRSTRc-00044-00011419-00011577 how is that gaming experience? qWi-IcRSTRc-00045-00011577-00011660 That's the first thing. qWi-IcRSTRc-00046-00011660-00011897 How does it feel just playing a game? qWi-IcRSTRc-00047-00011897-00012206 Like I mentioned, Call of Duty Mobile plays well and great. qWi-IcRSTRc-00048-00012206-00012361 You can see the frames per second. qWi-IcRSTRc-00049-00012361-00012520 It's locked at 60 frames per second qWi-IcRSTRc-00050-00012520-00012709 and does that pretty easy and well, qWi-IcRSTRc-00051-00012709-00012938 and then we take a game like PUBG Mobile, qWi-IcRSTRc-00052-00012938-00013216 where of course, that runs just as well, qWi-IcRSTRc-00053-00013216-00013555 and I like the fact that I could remap those buttons qWi-IcRSTRc-00054-00013555-00013827 for each of those games, and I can actually go ahead qWi-IcRSTRc-00055-00013827-00014032 and save that, and how do you actually do qWi-IcRSTRc-00056-00014032-00014115 some of that stuff? qWi-IcRSTRc-00057-00014115-00014346 Well, that has to do with the game center. qWi-IcRSTRc-00058-00014346-00014727 Now, the game center has two options or two aspects to it. qWi-IcRSTRc-00059-00014727-00015016 If you actually slide that game center button, qWi-IcRSTRc-00060-00015016-00015343 it takes you into the game center space. qWi-IcRSTRc-00061-00015343-00015513 That first of all shows you all your games. qWi-IcRSTRc-00062-00015513-00015625 You can have it in a carousel. qWi-IcRSTRc-00063-00015625-00015781 You can have it in a list mode, qWi-IcRSTRc-00064-00015781-00015991 and then you also have the power base, qWi-IcRSTRc-00065-00015991-00016330 where it has something that's brand-new called plugins. qWi-IcRSTRc-00066-00016330-00016546 Now, the plugins are things you can download qWi-IcRSTRc-00067-00016546-00016880 or at least activate to allow you to do a couple of things. qWi-IcRSTRc-00068-00016880-00017194 You've got the 4D vibrate, which is a new vibrate feature qWi-IcRSTRc-00069-00017194-00017419 that you can see in games like PUBG Mobile, qWi-IcRSTRc-00070-00017419-00017720 and honestly, it actually works pretty well, qWi-IcRSTRc-00071-00017720-00017907 not as intense as maybe as I would like, qWi-IcRSTRc-00072-00017907-00018161 but well enough that I really notice it, qWi-IcRSTRc-00073-00018161-00018273 and I said, "Okay, this is pretty cool." qWi-IcRSTRc-00074-00018273-00018486 You've also got AM Assist if you need that, qWi-IcRSTRc-00075-00018486-00018709 biplane first person shooters. qWi-IcRSTRc-00076-00018709-00019001 You've got, of course, key position, qWi-IcRSTRc-00077-00019001-00019365 sound equalization, all that stuff within the plugins there. qWi-IcRSTRc-00078-00019365-00019653 Now, in that aspect, that's pretty cool. qWi-IcRSTRc-00079-00019653-00019787 Now, in the game space itself, qWi-IcRSTRc-00080-00019787-00019885 you can do a couple of things. qWi-IcRSTRc-00081-00019885-00020127 You can also check your network settings. qWi-IcRSTRc-00082-00020127-00020433 You can see, you can actually just turn off qWi-IcRSTRc-00083-00020433-00020627 notifications if you want to. qWi-IcRSTRc-00084-00020627-00020989 You can also customize the zones for miscellaneous touching qWi-IcRSTRc-00085-00020989-00021156 in terms of your screen so you don't actually press qWi-IcRSTRc-00086-00021156-00021259 the wrong buttons. qWi-IcRSTRc-00087-00021259-00021527 You can customize the lighting behind the device, qWi-IcRSTRc-00088-00021527-00021898 which is basically on top or below the Red Magic logo qWi-IcRSTRc-00089-00021898-00022283 itself on there, and then of course, you can add watermarks, qWi-IcRSTRc-00090-00022283-00022548 and you have a few more odd options. qWi-IcRSTRc-00091-00022548-00022910 Now, that's one aspect of the game space. qWi-IcRSTRc-00092-00022910-00023138 Now, the other aspect that I think a lotta people qWi-IcRSTRc-00093-00023138-00023429 will like is the fact that you've got the game space qWi-IcRSTRc-00094-00023429-00023660 within the game itself. qWi-IcRSTRc-00095-00023660-00023955 This is where it truly shines and gives you qWi-IcRSTRc-00096-00023955-00024303 so much more functionality, compared to any other device. qWi-IcRSTRc-00097-00024303-00024507 So one of the things, of course, is the fact qWi-IcRSTRc-00098-00024507-00024796 that within that game space itself, qWi-IcRSTRc-00099-00024796-00025048 you can go ahead and customize a couple of things. qWi-IcRSTRc-00100-00025048-00025497 So you swipe from your top left-hand side across, qWi-IcRSTRc-00101-00025497-00025639 and that gives you your game space, qWi-IcRSTRc-00102-00025639-00025748 which gives you a couple of things. qWi-IcRSTRc-00103-00025748-00025939 You have a menu that slides from the right qWi-IcRSTRc-00104-00025939-00026082 that allows you to change, of course, qWi-IcRSTRc-00105-00026082-00026402 your refresh rate from 165 all the way down to 60. qWi-IcRSTRc-00106-00026402-00026616 You can have a performance bar, which you guys qWi-IcRSTRc-00107-00026616-00027005 saw earlier, giving you your FPS for your gaming sessions. qWi-IcRSTRc-00108-00027005-00027320 You can turn on and off your fan, which is nice. qWi-IcRSTRc-00109-00027320-00027566 You can do recordings, but the other key thing is qWi-IcRSTRc-00110-00027566-00027882 you can access those plugins I mentioned on the left, qWi-IcRSTRc-00111-00027882-00028142 and you can customize your shoulder buttons, qWi-IcRSTRc-00112-00028142-00028514 and you can customize those buttons to be placed anywhere qWi-IcRSTRc-00113-00028514-00028795 on screen and also the basically sensitivity qWi-IcRSTRc-00114-00028795-00029039 of the buttons themselves, so that aspect qWi-IcRSTRc-00115-00029039-00029238 is also pretty cool. qWi-IcRSTRc-00116-00029238-00029448 Customize the lighting if you want to as well, qWi-IcRSTRc-00117-00029448-00029744 and you can also customize your touch sensitivity qWi-IcRSTRc-00118-00029744-00030139 from 360 to 720, so I mentioned a lot you can actually do, qWi-IcRSTRc-00119-00030139-00030385 and this software is really robust. qWi-IcRSTRc-00120-00030385-00030652 It allowed me to take advantage of the system itself qWi-IcRSTRc-00121-00030652-00030789 and play the games I wanted to. qWi-IcRSTRc-00122-00030789-00031063 As I mentioned, PUBG Mobile, we play that. qWi-IcRSTRc-00123-00031063-00031266 That ran well, smooth extreme. qWi-IcRSTRc-00124-00031266-00031483 That was, you know, 60 frames per second qWi-IcRSTRc-00125-00031483-00031708 locked in, no issues, and of course, qWi-IcRSTRc-00126-00031708-00032129 UltraHD Ultra, that also ran at 40 frames per second solid, qWi-IcRSTRc-00127-00032129-00032350 and again, that's what it's usually standard at, qWi-IcRSTRc-00128-00032350-00032718 so that wasn't anything crazy or nuts. qWi-IcRSTRc-00129-00032718-00033113 Now, how about 120-hertz gaming? qWi-IcRSTRc-00130-00033113-00033299 So we do have a bunch of Android games qWi-IcRSTRc-00131-00033299-00033521 that can actually play at 120 hertz, qWi-IcRSTRc-00132-00033521-00033905 but this is a display that supports 165 hertz, so we qWi-IcRSTRc-00133-00033905-00034267 actually went ahead and played a couple of those games. qWi-IcRSTRc-00134-00034267-00034422 One of them that I really enjoyed qWi-IcRSTRc-00135-00034422-00034694 was actually playing one called Modern Ops, qWi-IcRSTRc-00136-00034694-00035194 and that actually ran 130, 140 frames per second. qWi-IcRSTRc-00137-00035245-00035587 Took advantage of, of course, the display high refresh rate. qWi-IcRSTRc-00138-00035587-00035813 Played really well, and then of course, qWi-IcRSTRc-00139-00035813-00035976 there's Real Racing 3, which is a game qWi-IcRSTRc-00140-00035976-00036238 I haven't played in a minute, and that ran qWi-IcRSTRc-00141-00036238-00036430 very, very well at qWi-IcRSTRc-00142-00036573-00036730 165 frames per second, qWi-IcRSTRc-00143-00036730-00036949 which is truly impressive to see something qWi-IcRSTRc-00144-00036949-00037217 take full advantage of that high refresh rate. qWi-IcRSTRc-00145-00037217-00037371 So that aspect is cool. qWi-IcRSTRc-00146-00037371-00037609 Now, you're saying, "Okay, Thunder E, that's great. qWi-IcRSTRc-00147-00037609-00037828 Display works. What about performance?" qWi-IcRSTRc-00148-00037828-00038124 Now, before we even get into that major hardcore qWi-IcRSTRc-00149-00038124-00038304 performance aspect, let's take a look qWi-IcRSTRc-00150-00038304-00038498 at some of those performance benchmarks qWi-IcRSTRc-00151-00038498-00038661 'cause you guys definitely wanna see those. qWi-IcRSTRc-00152-00038661-00038926 So of course, we start off with Geekbench mark, qWi-IcRSTRc-00153-00038926-00039093 and we go in, and we see what we have there qWi-IcRSTRc-00154-00039093-00039461 with Geekbench marks, and in our CPU benchmark, qWi-IcRSTRc-00155-00039461-00039783 you can see what it is here, and the scores qWi-IcRSTRc-00156-00039783-00040001 are typical for Snapdragon 8 Gen 1. qWi-IcRSTRc-00157-00040001-00040373 If you look at it side by side with our Galaxy S22 Ultra, qWi-IcRSTRc-00158-00040373-00040635 it's very similar with that score, qWi-IcRSTRc-00159-00040635-00040809 and then we check the computer score. qWi-IcRSTRc-00160-00040809-00041091 This is where it's a bit higher compared to the S22 Ultra qWi-IcRSTRc-00161-00041091-00041591 at 6,044, so those were pretty, pretty impressive. qWi-IcRSTRc-00162-00041612-00041756 I wanted to add one more benchmark qWi-IcRSTRc-00163-00041756-00042165 which I've been using lately, which is the 3DMark qWi-IcRSTRc-00164-00042165-00042427 Wild Life Stress Test benchmark. qWi-IcRSTRc-00165-00042427-00042667 So going to check those results. qWi-IcRSTRc-00166-00042667-00042923 So in terms of stability while doing this test, qWi-IcRSTRc-00167-00042923-00043071 'cause it runs for about 20 minutes, qWi-IcRSTRc-00168-00043071-00043360 this was stable at 98.8%, so looking qWi-IcRSTRc-00169-00043360-00043614 at the stress test chart, you can see qWi-IcRSTRc-00170-00043614-00043816 that line just goes right across, compared qWi-IcRSTRc-00171-00043816-00044145 to the S22 Ultra, which kinda just goes down qWi-IcRSTRc-00172-00044145-00044458 continuously across the board, so that really shows qWi-IcRSTRc-00173-00044458-00044793 that this is capable of doing those longer, qWi-IcRSTRc-00174-00044793-00045071 extended gaming periods that you're looking for. qWi-IcRSTRc-00175-00045071-00045387 Now, the games you wanna see that will take advantage qWi-IcRSTRc-00176-00045387-00045524 of all that horsepower. qWi-IcRSTRc-00177-00045524-00045706 Okay, let's start off with Black Desert Mobile. qWi-IcRSTRc-00178-00045706-00046076 Now, Black Desert Mobile was locked at 45 frames per second. qWi-IcRSTRc-00179-00046076-00046181 We set it at a higher setting. qWi-IcRSTRc-00180-00046181-00046373 Played well. Ran smooth. qWi-IcRSTRc-00181-00046373-00046631 Looked like it had no issues whatsoever. qWi-IcRSTRc-00182-00046631-00046855 So I thought that was actually impressive. qWi-IcRSTRc-00183-00046855-00047124 I think that game is capped on Android. qWi-IcRSTRc-00184-00047124-00047321 That's one thing I can mention there. qWi-IcRSTRc-00185-00047321-00047800 The other game, of course, I played was PUBG: New State, qWi-IcRSTRc-00186-00047800-00048022 which is something a lot of you asked for. qWi-IcRSTRc-00187-00048022-00048438 PUBG: New State, in terms of its frame rates, qWi-IcRSTRc-00188-00048438-00048757 we're getting about 50 frames per second, qWi-IcRSTRc-00189-00048757-00049108 you know, the SMACK settings, about 50, 51. qWi-IcRSTRc-00190-00049108-00049405 Again, that's something that I haven't experienced qWi-IcRSTRc-00191-00049405-00049557 with any other device because this is qWi-IcRSTRc-00192-00049557-00049701 the first time I'm playing that game, qWi-IcRSTRc-00193-00049701-00049904 so we'll see how other devices qWi-IcRSTRc-00194-00049904-00050185 actually stack up to it, but in terms qWi-IcRSTRc-00195-00050185-00050471 of just the performance there, it was pretty solid qWi-IcRSTRc-00196-00050471-00050724 and actually played pretty well. qWi-IcRSTRc-00197-00050724-00051110 Now, we get into the big, bad boy that has basically qWi-IcRSTRc-00198-00051110-00051316 shaken up every device we've tested this year qWi-IcRSTRc-00199-00051316-00051480 and also last year and the year before that, qWi-IcRSTRc-00200-00051480-00051629 which of course, is Genshin Impact. qWi-IcRSTRc-00201-00051629-00051950 Now, if you guys recall, on the S22 Ultra, qWi-IcRSTRc-00202-00051950-00052341 on the S22 Plus, on the iPhone 13 formats, qWi-IcRSTRc-00203-00052341-00052526 none of them could hit 60 frames per second qWi-IcRSTRc-00204-00052526-00052776 playing Genshin Impact at the highest setting. qWi-IcRSTRc-00205-00052776-00053276 Well, fear not, your Red Magic 7 can do that with ease. qWi-IcRSTRc-00206-00053489-00053888 I played for about 30, 40, I think 40 minutes, qWi-IcRSTRc-00207-00053888-00054321 and it stayed at 60 frames per second, actually went up qWi-IcRSTRc-00208-00054321-00054507 a little bit to, like, 61 frames per second. qWi-IcRSTRc-00209-00054507-00054604 Did not dip. qWi-IcRSTRc-00210-00054604-00054849 It was pretty much capped at 60 frames per second. qWi-IcRSTRc-00211-00054849-00055112 So I was actually able to do that quite effectively qWi-IcRSTRc-00212-00055112-00055392 and well, and it just ran really smooth. qWi-IcRSTRc-00213-00055392-00055667 That was truly impressive, and it kind of, qWi-IcRSTRc-00214-00055667-00055774 you know, it just takes the crown qWi-IcRSTRc-00215-00055774-00056157 for what you actually wanna do gaming-wise as a gamer. qWi-IcRSTRc-00216-00056157-00056492 Now, being able to play at 60 frames per second, qWi-IcRSTRc-00217-00056492-00056755 which means you're gonna be pushing a lotta performance qWi-IcRSTRc-00218-00056755-00056979 on this, so of course, how about heat? qWi-IcRSTRc-00219-00056979-00057238 How well does that fan actually work? qWi-IcRSTRc-00220-00057238-00057421 It's a little bit of a mixed bag in terms qWi-IcRSTRc-00221-00057421-00057598 of the way I would calculate it. qWi-IcRSTRc-00222-00057598-00057754 Playing Genshin for that amount of time, qWi-IcRSTRc-00223-00057754-00058042 this thing ran up to about 118 degrees, qWi-IcRSTRc-00224-00058042-00058401 yes, with a fan on, and with the fan at its turbo setting. qWi-IcRSTRc-00225-00058401-00058532 The fan actually has two settings, qWi-IcRSTRc-00226-00058532-00058744 which you can cycle through, or you can actually qWi-IcRSTRc-00227-00058744-00059138 just set it to either one, and it went up to 118, qWi-IcRSTRc-00228-00059138-00059346 which was not good, so not something qWi-IcRSTRc-00229-00059346-00059582 that I wanted to see right here, qWi-IcRSTRc-00230-00059582-00060017 but if the other games, well, I played, like, PUBG Mobile, qWi-IcRSTRc-00231-00060017-00060436 Call of Duty, the fan kicked in, and it ran rather cool. qWi-IcRSTRc-00232-00060436-00060715 It was fine. I got some temperatures in the 90s. qWi-IcRSTRc-00233-00060715-00061187 So it was something that again, yes, it works, qWi-IcRSTRc-00234-00061187-00061522 but on for games that really push it as hard qWi-IcRSTRc-00235-00061522-00061761 like Genshin Impact, this is where you definitely qWi-IcRSTRc-00236-00061761-00062057 will need an external fan to add to it, qWi-IcRSTRc-00237-00062057-00062294 so maybe something like the Razer fan. qWi-IcRSTRc-00238-00062454-00062715 The Razer RGB Fan is something you could actually use qWi-IcRSTRc-00239-00062715-00062912 to complement it, but that's just something qWi-IcRSTRc-00240-00062912-00063098 to add to the mix there. qWi-IcRSTRc-00241-00063098-00063310 Now, in terms of battery life, qWi-IcRSTRc-00242-00063310-00063566 you're looking at a 4,500 milliamp battery, qWi-IcRSTRc-00243-00063566-00063819 which is a reduction from last year, qWi-IcRSTRc-00244-00063819-00063978 which we had a 5,000 milliamp battery. qWi-IcRSTRc-00245-00063978-00064163 So that's a bit of a bummer here. qWi-IcRSTRc-00246-00064163-00064600 I would say my battery life has been good overall. qWi-IcRSTRc-00247-00064600-00064962 I haven't seen any major issues or dips with it. qWi-IcRSTRc-00248-00064962-00065161 I've played for much longer periods of time, qWi-IcRSTRc-00249-00065161-00065600 but honestly, I've only gone ahead and charged it, qWi-IcRSTRc-00250-00065600-00066061 like, at least once after, like, a day and a half qWi-IcRSTRc-00251-00066061-00066370 of just use, so again, battery life is good, qWi-IcRSTRc-00252-00066370-00066670 but I would say 5,000 milliamps would've been better qWi-IcRSTRc-00253-00066670-00066783 with this device. qWi-IcRSTRc-00254-00066783-00067061 Now, before we round out, we know that there are qWi-IcRSTRc-00255-00067061-00067224 a couple of things you guys are looking for. qWi-IcRSTRc-00256-00067224-00067377 What about accessories? qWi-IcRSTRc-00257-00067377-00067673 What about, you know, plain-on streaming services? qWi-IcRSTRc-00258-00067673-00067924 Of course, Xbox Game Pass plays pretty well, qWi-IcRSTRc-00259-00067924-00068396 and I actually got to use the GameSir X2 Type-C, qWi-IcRSTRc-00260-00068396-00068685 and that actually worked and fit well with this device, qWi-IcRSTRc-00261-00068685-00068803 and if you're looking for a controller qWi-IcRSTRc-00262-00068803-00069008 that will fit this device, this will actually work qWi-IcRSTRc-00263-00069008-00069445 if you can't get the one from Red Magic, qWi-IcRSTRc-00264-00069445-00069606 but this actually works out pretty well, qWi-IcRSTRc-00265-00069606-00069785 and again, the streaming service ran well, qWi-IcRSTRc-00266-00069785-00070180 played at around 58 to 60 frames per second qWi-IcRSTRc-00267-00070180-00070434 is what I was getting, but again, pretty much 60 frames qWi-IcRSTRc-00268-00070434-00070678 per second for that kind of gameplay session. qWi-IcRSTRc-00269-00070678-00070913 You do have a 65-watt battery, qWi-IcRSTRc-00270-00070913-00071244 which should charge your device pretty fast on there, qWi-IcRSTRc-00271-00071244-00071544 and the speakers are very good, qWi-IcRSTRc-00272-00071544-00071790 which you guys should take a quick listen. qWi-IcRSTRc-00273-00071790-00071874 (gunfire popping) qWi-IcRSTRc-00274-00071874-00072374 (machine gun rattling) (fighter grunting) qWi-IcRSTRc-00275-00072415-00072526 (gunfire popping) qWi-IcRSTRc-00276-00072526-00072737 (footsteps thudding) qWi-IcRSTRc-00277-00072737-00073237 (fighter grunting) (machine gun rattling) qWi-IcRSTRc-00278-00073344-00073844 (engine revving) (gear shifting) qWi-IcRSTRc-00279-00074780-00075015 Now, with all that, though, you do have cameras qWi-IcRSTRc-00280-00075015-00075292 on this device, and how well are those cameras? qWi-IcRSTRc-00281-00075292-00075555 Well, I could lament and tell you it's a gaming phone. qWi-IcRSTRc-00282-00075555-00076018 You're gonna get images that are good and not great, qWi-IcRSTRc-00283-00076018-00076484 video that is solid but not crazy, and again, qWi-IcRSTRc-00284-00076484-00076763 that's not the main function of this device. qWi-IcRSTRc-00285-00076763-00077015 The one thing I would say that I am a bit disappointed qWi-IcRSTRc-00286-00077015-00077245 is the cooling of the fan, especially qWi-IcRSTRc-00287-00077245-00077445 for very high-intensive games. qWi-IcRSTRc-00288-00077445-00077851 That is something that I wish was still greatly improved. qWi-IcRSTRc-00289-00077851-00078094 Even though it's much better than last year, qWi-IcRSTRc-00290-00078094-00078324 I still need to see better improvements on there, qWi-IcRSTRc-00291-00078324-00078586 and also, it's not as loud, really, qWi-IcRSTRc-00292-00078586-00078701 actually, just listen to this. qWi-IcRSTRc-00293-00078701-00078785 It's really not as loud. qWi-IcRSTRc-00294-00078785-00079043 (fan whirring) qWi-IcRSTRc-00295-00079321-00079431 (keyboard clicking) Okay, so that qWi-IcRSTRc-00296-00079431-00079689 is the Red Magic 7. qWi-IcRSTRc-00297-00079689-00079900 Now, if you're looking to pick you it up, qWi-IcRSTRc-00298-00079900-00080093 I have links down below, and you're wondering qWi-IcRSTRc-00299-00080093-00080236 how much is this device? qWi-IcRSTRc-00300-00080236-00080674 Well, this is not a Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 device qWi-IcRSTRc-00301-00080674-00080828 that is priced at $1,000. qWi-IcRSTRc-00302-00080828-00081328 No, pricing starts at $629 for 12 gigabytes of RAM qWi-IcRSTRc-00303-00081516-00081893 and 128 gigabytes of storage, goes all the way up qWi-IcRSTRc-00304-00081893-00082393 to 799 for 18 gigabytes of RAM and 512 gigabytes of storage. qWi-IcRSTRc-00305-00082496-00082827 So you have a range there and a pricing qWi-IcRSTRc-00306-00082827-00082931 that will fit everyone. qWi-IcRSTRc-00307-00082931-00083205 Come in three colors: obsidian. qWi-IcRSTRc-00308-00083205-00083387 You've got also this gradient here, qWi-IcRSTRc-00309-00083387-00083701 and you've got the supernova, and honestly, qWi-IcRSTRc-00310-00083701-00083832 I do like the pricing for it, and I think qWi-IcRSTRc-00311-00083832-00083958 a lotta people will like it too. qWi-IcRSTRc-00312-00083958-00084156 So leave your thoughts down below, guys. qWi-IcRSTRc-00313-00084156-00084381 If you have any questions or any comments, let me know. qWi-IcRSTRc-00314-00084381-00084634 Otherwise, don't forget to like, share, subscribe, qWi-IcRSTRc-00315-00084634-00084837 and always enjoy entertainment. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00000-00000010-00000176 LEGION BEFORE FINISHING HIS TOUR qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00001-00000176-00000183 LEGION BEFORE FINISHING HIS TOUR qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00002-00000183-00000320 LEGION BEFORE FINISHING HIS TOUR IN AN CO. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00003-00000320-00000326 LEGION BEFORE FINISHING HIS TOUR IN AN CO. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00004-00000326-00000426 LEGION BEFORE FINISHING HIS TOUR IN AN CO. >>> A MINNESOTA SENATE COMMITTEE qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00005-00000426-00000433 IN AN CO. >>> A MINNESOTA SENATE COMMITTEE qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00006-00000433-00000510 IN AN CO. >>> A MINNESOTA SENATE COMMITTEE VOTED TODAY TO KILL A BILL THAT qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00007-00000510-00000517 >>> A MINNESOTA SENATE COMMITTEE VOTED TODAY TO KILL A BILL THAT qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00008-00000517-00000653 >>> A MINNESOTA SENATE COMMITTEE VOTED TODAY TO KILL A BILL THAT WOULD LEGALIZE RECREATIONAL qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00009-00000653-00000660 VOTED TODAY TO KILL A BILL THAT WOULD LEGALIZE RECREATIONAL qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00010-00000660-00000784 VOTED TODAY TO KILL A BILL THAT WOULD LEGALIZE RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA IN THE STATE, MAKING qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00011-00000784-00000790 WOULD LEGALIZE RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA IN THE STATE, MAKING qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00012-00000790-00000920 WOULD LEGALIZE RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA IN THE STATE, MAKING IT UNLIKELY THAT THE LEGISLATION qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00013-00000920-00000927 MARIJUANA IN THE STATE, MAKING IT UNLIKELY THAT THE LEGISLATION qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00014-00000927-00001124 MARIJUANA IN THE STATE, MAKING IT UNLIKELY THAT THE LEGISLATION WILL PASS THIS YEAR. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00015-00001124-00001131 IT UNLIKELY THAT THE LEGISLATION WILL PASS THIS YEAR. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00016-00001131-00001297 IT UNLIKELY THAT THE LEGISLATION WILL PASS THIS YEAR. THE G.O.P.-CONTROLLED SENATE qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00017-00001297-00001304 WILL PASS THIS YEAR. THE G.O.P.-CONTROLLED SENATE qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00018-00001304-00001481 WILL PASS THIS YEAR. THE G.O.P.-CONTROLLED SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE VOTED qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00019-00001481-00001488 THE G.O.P.-CONTROLLED SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE VOTED qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00020-00001488-00001748 THE G.O.P.-CONTROLLED SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE VOTED 6-3 ALONG PARTY LINES TO REJECT qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00021-00001748-00001755 JUDICIARY COMMITTEE VOTED 6-3 ALONG PARTY LINES TO REJECT qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00022-00001755-00001905 JUDICIARY COMMITTEE VOTED 6-3 ALONG PARTY LINES TO REJECT THE BILL AFTER DEFEATING A qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00023-00001905-00001911 6-3 ALONG PARTY LINES TO REJECT THE BILL AFTER DEFEATING A qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00024-00001911-00002068 6-3 ALONG PARTY LINES TO REJECT THE BILL AFTER DEFEATING A MOTION TO KEEP THE DISCUSSION qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00025-00002068-00002075 THE BILL AFTER DEFEATING A MOTION TO KEEP THE DISCUSSION qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00026-00002075-00002245 THE BILL AFTER DEFEATING A MOTION TO KEEP THE DISCUSSION GOING BY SENDING IT TO ANOTHER qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00027-00002245-00002252 MOTION TO KEEP THE DISCUSSION GOING BY SENDING IT TO ANOTHER qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00028-00002252-00002412 MOTION TO KEEP THE DISCUSSION GOING BY SENDING IT TO ANOTHER COMMITTEE WITHOUT A qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00029-00002412-00002419 GOING BY SENDING IT TO ANOTHER COMMITTEE WITHOUT A qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00030-00002419-00002522 GOING BY SENDING IT TO ANOTHER COMMITTEE WITHOUT A RECOMMENDATION ONE WAY OR THE qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00031-00002522-00002529 COMMITTEE WITHOUT A RECOMMENDATION ONE WAY OR THE qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00032-00002529-00002579 COMMITTEE WITHOUT A RECOMMENDATION ONE WAY OR THE OTHER. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00033-00002579-00002585 RECOMMENDATION ONE WAY OR THE OTHER. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00034-00002585-00002766 RECOMMENDATION ONE WAY OR THE OTHER. THE PANEL ALSO REJECTED FORMING qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00035-00002766-00002772 OTHER. THE PANEL ALSO REJECTED FORMING qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00036-00002772-00002936 OTHER. THE PANEL ALSO REJECTED FORMING A TASK FORCE TO CONDUCT A qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00037-00002936-00002942 THE PANEL ALSO REJECTED FORMING A TASK FORCE TO CONDUCT A qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00038-00002942-00003056 THE PANEL ALSO REJECTED FORMING A TASK FORCE TO CONDUCT A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY AND COME qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00039-00003056-00003063 A TASK FORCE TO CONDUCT A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY AND COME qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00040-00003063-00003196 A TASK FORCE TO CONDUCT A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY AND COME BACK WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00041-00003196-00003203 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY AND COME BACK WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00042-00003203-00003426 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY AND COME BACK WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON MARIJUANA-RELATED ISSUES. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00043-00003426-00003433 BACK WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON MARIJUANA-RELATED ISSUES. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00044-00003433-00003580 BACK WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON MARIJUANA-RELATED ISSUES. TEN STATES AND WASHINGTON, D.C. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00045-00003580-00003586 MARIJUANA-RELATED ISSUES. TEN STATES AND WASHINGTON, D.C. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00046-00003586-00003736 MARIJUANA-RELATED ISSUES. TEN STATES AND WASHINGTON, D.C. ALLOW RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00047-00003736-00003743 TEN STATES AND WASHINGTON, D.C. ALLOW RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA. qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00048-00003743-00003887 TEN STATES AND WASHINGTON, D.C. ALLOW RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA. OPPONENTS OF LEGALIZING qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00049-00003887-00003893 ALLOW RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA. OPPONENTS OF LEGALIZING qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00050-00003893-00004030 ALLOW RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA. OPPONENTS OF LEGALIZING RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA WARN qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00051-00004030-00004037 OPPONENTS OF LEGALIZING RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA WARN qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00052-00004037-00004170 OPPONENTS OF LEGALIZING RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA WARN ABOUT IMPAIRED DRIVING AND THE qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00053-00004170-00004177 RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA WARN ABOUT IMPAIRED DRIVING AND THE qXRqQ3A6WKQ-00054-00004177-00004227 RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA WARN ABOUT IMPAIRED DRIVING AND THE EFFECTS THAT LEGALIZING WOULD qb2eEA-6BWM-00000-00000000-00000411 The neisseria carbohydrate utilization test. qb2eEA-6BWM-00001-00000411-00000705 This test is used to determine the ability of qb2eEA-6BWM-00002-00000705-00001101 neisseria species to oxidatively utilize qb2eEA-6BWM-00003-00001101-00001398 specific carbohydrates incorporated into qb2eEA-6BWM-00004-00001398-00001793 a basal medium, resulting in the production of acid. qb2eEA-6BWM-00005-00002029-00002356 Obtain an inoculum from a purity plate qb2eEA-6BWM-00006-00002356-00002714 prepared from the primary culture plate. qb2eEA-6BWM-00007-00002714-00003324 The growth must be less than or equal to 24 hours old. qb2eEA-6BWM-00008-00003324-00003687 Warm the sugars in the basal growth control tubes qb2eEA-6BWM-00009-00003687-00003968 to room temperature. qb2eEA-6BWM-00010-00003968-00004365 Use a heavy inoculum from a purity plate qb2eEA-6BWM-00011-00004365-00004749 with a loop, and deposite the loopful qb2eEA-6BWM-00012-00004749-00005313 just 2 milliliters below the agar surface qb2eEA-6BWM-00013-00005313-00005754 of each carbohydrate and control tube. qb2eEA-6BWM-00014-00010154-00010928 Incubate the inoculated tubes at 35¡ celcius in ambient air. qbqGO2n0l-Y-00000-00000055-00000405 I am going to be quitting shorts for 2 days. qbqGO2n0l-Y-00001-00000405-00001013 This is because of the new shorts logo being shown on YouTube video pages. qbqGO2n0l-Y-00002-00001013-00001540 It only happens on channel pages, by the way, so go to my channel and you’ll see it immediately. qbqGO2n0l-Y-00003-00001540-00002014 That’s why I’m going to stop making them for you unless I have a major update, but qbqGO2n0l-Y-00004-00002014-00002249 still, we’re not going to do them for two days. qbRCpZsl7YQ-00000-00000357-00000802 Discovery Search, accessible through the main search box on the library homepage, is the qbRCpZsl7YQ-00001-00000802-00001353 way to access a majority of the library’s content in one place, including books, ebooks, qbRCpZsl7YQ-00002-00001353-00001772 streaming videos, journal and magazine articles, and much more. qbRCpZsl7YQ-00003-00001772-00002254 Discovery Search is like a super-database that searches many (but not all) of the databases qbRCpZsl7YQ-00004-00002254-00002509 that Virginia Tech has. qbRCpZsl7YQ-00005-00002509-00002933 As you might expect with so many resources, you might get a large number of results, depending qbRCpZsl7YQ-00006-00002933-00003094 on your topic. qbRCpZsl7YQ-00007-00003094-00003504 In addition to using keywords that will help you find exactly what you’re looking for, qbRCpZsl7YQ-00008-00003504-00003999 you can also use the limiters to filter your results by format, content type, publication qbRCpZsl7YQ-00009-00003999-00004362 date, subject, language, and more. qbRCpZsl7YQ-00010-00004362-00004782 You can get the full text of many journal articles and ebooks, or find out whether a qbRCpZsl7YQ-00011-00004782-00005125 print copy of a physical item is available. qbRCpZsl7YQ-00012-00005125-00005780 You can even look for items not held by Virginia Tech and request them via interlibrary loan. qbRCpZsl7YQ-00013-00005780-00006198 If you have any questions about Discovery Search, use the chat box to ask a librarian qbRCpZsl7YQ-00014-00006198-00006267 for help. qeRP5e18vsy-00000-00000014-00000426 Hello (Ahlan Was Sahlan) أهلاً وسهلاً Today we will be learning how to write the qeRP5e18vsy-00001-00000426-00000550 letter Seen س. qeRP5e18vsy-00002-00000550-00001011 Seen س is a connector letter so it connects to letters on both ends. qeRP5e18vsy-00003-00001011-00001275 To write the original form of the Seen س you qeRP5e18vsy-00004-00001275-00001677 write three teeth, then you dip below the line qeRP5e18vsy-00005-00001677-00001935 into the tail, and you curve back. qeRP5e18vsy-00006-00001935-00002182 To write Seen س in the beginning, you keep the qeRP5e18vsy-00007-00002182-00002498 3 teeth of the original form, and then you qeRP5e18vsy-00008-00002498-00002701 draw the connector line. qeRP5e18vsy-00009-00002701-00003372 To write Seen س in the middle, you have the connector line, the 3 teeth, and the connector qeRP5e18vsy-00010-00003372-00003543 to the next letter. qeRP5e18vsy-00011-00003543-00004002 To write Seen س at the end, you draw the connector qeRP5e18vsy-00012-00004002-00004452 line, the three teeth, and then the tail, qeRP5e18vsy-00013-00004452-00004618 just like the original form. qeRP5e18vsy-00014-00004618-00004819 Good bye!(Ma'assalamah) مع السَّلامة qeVDlBiIKuI-00000-00000930-00001372 Extensive coverage for cybercrime is often not included in your business’s general qeVDlBiIKuI-00001-00001372-00001599 liability insurance coverage. qeVDlBiIKuI-00002-00001599-00002123 Cyber liability insurance is a dedicated plan that covers the cost – whether in whole qeVDlBiIKuI-00003-00002123-00002659 or in part – of data breaches, computer viruses, and other digital disasters for you qeVDlBiIKuI-00004-00002659-00002836 in the event of an attack. qeVDlBiIKuI-00005-00002836-00003368 Occasionally, cyber liability insurance will also cover the cost of any legal claims pursuant qeVDlBiIKuI-00006-00003368-00003501 to the attack as well. qhEEcoTYCn8-00000-00000000-00000786 Hi everybody, Agnes - and today I want to talk about something that I hear a lot reoccurringly qhEEcoTYCn8-00001-00000786-00001791 in emails okay and it's - I want a commitment. Now whether you are male or female there is qhEEcoTYCn8-00002-00001791-00002496 nothing wrong with wanting a commitment in a relationship, but I'm going to say this about qhEEcoTYCn8-00003-00002496-00003492 it - what I hear a lot repeatedly over and over from many people - not everyone but many people qhEEcoTYCn8-00004-00003492-00004173 that do want a commitment is: I want a commitment because we've been together for X amount of time, qhEEcoTYCn8-00005-00004173-00004578 I want to know where this is going, I want to get married, I want to have children, qhEEcoTYCn8-00006-00004578-00005388 I want to move in together, I want, I want, I want.. Now if you are wanting a commitment and qhEEcoTYCn8-00007-00005388-00006054 you're coming from a place of self-love, open handedness, unconditional love, and you are qhEEcoTYCn8-00008-00006054-00006690 in a place of giving love to your person from an adult space and you are no longer looking to them qhEEcoTYCn8-00009-00006690-00007578 as the source of your love, no problem. However what I see a lot is not that it's people saying I qhEEcoTYCn8-00010-00007578-00008181 want a commitment because they don't feel secure, they don't feel loved, and they think by trying to qhEEcoTYCn8-00011-00008181-00008838 get a commitment they're going to then feel those things. But I can tell you firstly you're giving qhEEcoTYCn8-00012-00008838-00009360 someone a burden if that's where you're coming from. If you want a commitment from someone and qhEEcoTYCn8-00013-00009360-00009822 you're not feeling secure, or loved, or wanted, or a priority, or important, or that you matter, qhEEcoTYCn8-00014-00009822-00010389 that you're not good enough, you're putting that burden on to the other person. And I can qhEEcoTYCn8-00015-00010389-00011181 tell you people don't want that in a relationship, most people would feel that and go you know what qhEEcoTYCn8-00016-00011181-00011670 I'm not ready for a commitment because these are the comments I hear you making from those qhEEcoTYCn8-00017-00011670-00012273 that you've asked for a commitment from: I'm not ready for a commitment, it's not the right time, qhEEcoTYCn8-00018-00012273-00012975 it's not you it's me, I've got to make my kids a priority, I have to look after my aging parents, qhEEcoTYCn8-00019-00012975-00013694 I have to, I'm too stressed from work. These are the excuses that I hear, now I'm not saying those qhEEcoTYCn8-00020-00013694-00014277 things aren't true but that's life and when you're in a good relationship with someone that you feel qhEEcoTYCn8-00021-00014277-00014877 is supporting you with their security and their self-love and their self-worth and they don't qhEEcoTYCn8-00022-00014877-00015561 need everything from you, you're more willing to go through those things in a relationship because qhEEcoTYCn8-00023-00015561-00016137 it's not that you've got this extra thing that you've got to deal with, which is a person who's qhEEcoTYCn8-00024-00016137-00016815 trying to suck alive out of you on top of those things. Hope that makes sense, so ask yourself qhEEcoTYCn8-00025-00016815-00017607 honestly - those of you that want a commitment, am i really self loving, secure, and I am in an adult qhEEcoTYCn8-00026-00017607-00018735 state? Meaning unconditional love and giving that to someone. Or am I in the second state which is: qhEEcoTYCn8-00027-00018735-00019365 I don't feel secure, I don't feel loved, and I am gonna try and squeeze commitment out of this qhEEcoTYCn8-00028-00019365-00020130 person so that I can capture them like a corralled animal and then they can't get away from me, qhEEcoTYCn8-00029-00020130-00020571 and then if we're committed to each other then they don't really have the right to qhEEcoTYCn8-00030-00020571-00021084 you know go and do their things they have to do me first. As in, be here for me, be here for me, qhEEcoTYCn8-00031-00021084-00021828 be for here for me, all of that is coming from getting okay. So ask yourself honestly, seriously, qhEEcoTYCn8-00032-00021828-00022665 which category am I in? Am I in the adult state of wanting a commitment or am I in the child qhEEcoTYCn8-00033-00022665-00023301 state of wanting a commitment which is coming from getting? Adult state coming from giving, qhEEcoTYCn8-00034-00023301-00023994 child state coming from getting okay. So just thought I'd make that clear because it comes up qhEEcoTYCn8-00035-00023994-00024669 at least 10 times a week in emails if not more, about I want a commitment and they don't spend qhEEcoTYCn8-00036-00024669-00025461 enough time with me. And remember again, I'm gonna say it again and again and again - everyone is you qhEEcoTYCn8-00037-00025461-00026252 pushed out, what are you doing? What are you doing to that person? Are you pretending that you say qhEEcoTYCn8-00038-00026252-00026643 I love them so much but you're really trying to suck love out of them which is for your selfish qhEEcoTYCn8-00039-00026643-00027366 benefit? Or are you really radiating love to them, you're self-sufficient in your self love, qhEEcoTYCn8-00040-00027366-00028110 and you feel good and you've got something to give? Okay, you don't have to tell me, you don't qhEEcoTYCn8-00041-00028110-00028827 even have to write it in the thread, just answer that for yourself okay. That's it, hasta la vista. qieWhAWQjs0-00000-00000000-00000010 Let's Talk Supplements r0Z-2-pNvg4-00000-00000008-00000838 >>IAN: Welcome to our panel session on the topic of Money, Risk, Shame and Reputation: r0Z-2-pNvg4-00001-00000838-00001226 Incenting Responsible Behavior in Space. Space domain--space domain has become increasingly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00002-00001226-00001551 complex. We have more satellites, space applications r0Z-2-pNvg4-00003-00001551-00002166 and technologies, space users, and space operators relying upon having a stable orbital environment r0Z-2-pNvg4-00004-00002166-00002630 than we have ever had before. And that trend continues to increase the complexity r0Z-2-pNvg4-00005-00002630-00003243 of the operating debate--domain will only become more, more complex in the coming years. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00006-00003243-00003661 New activities and new actors brings with it the potential for increased benefit. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00007-00003661-00004218 But it also brings challenges to space sustainability that cannot and perhaps should not be addressed r0Z-2-pNvg4-00008-00004218-00004573 through regulation alone. We must find business and community rationale r0Z-2-pNvg4-00009-00004573-00005124 to develop responsible and implement responsible behavior in space. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00010-00005124-00005695 There's been much discussion about using positive and negative incentives to encourage responsible r0Z-2-pNvg4-00011-00005695-00006189 behavior in space, but few practical proposals. This panel aims to explore how the best developed r0Z-2-pNvg4-00012-00006189-00006606 some practical approaches. We want to discuss themes such as in managing r0Z-2-pNvg4-00013-00006606-00007042 an increasingly complex orbital environment. What role is there for voluntary commitment r0Z-2-pNvg4-00014-00007042-00007428 and best practices? How do we track and monitor performance towards r0Z-2-pNvg4-00015-00007428-00007736 those commitments? And what role does the insurance and investment r0Z-2-pNvg4-00016-00007736-00008418 communities have to play incenting or encouraging responsible private sector space activities? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00017-00008418-00008820 Can we draw lessons or experience from other sectors, encouraging the private sector to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00018-00008820-00009288 act in sustainable and responsible ways in space? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00019-00009288-00009650 So over the next 15 minutes, we're planning to dive into these topics. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00020-00009650-00010071 We have a panel of experts I think is very well placed to look at these topics from multiple r0Z-2-pNvg4-00021-00010071-00010525 angles: technical, business and economics. You can find their full bios on the summit r0Z-2-pNvg4-00022-00010525-00010890 web page, but I do want to briefly introduce each of them. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00023-00010890-00011471 Francesca Letizia is a space debris engineer at the European Space Agency Space Debris r0Z-2-pNvg4-00024-00011471-00012006 Office, where she leads assessments of general compliance, space debris mitigation guidance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00025-00012006-00012521 by operators, and the development of metrics to con--to assess the contribution of missions r0Z-2-pNvg4-00026-00012521-00012964 to the overall space debris environment. Francesca is also a member of a multi-organization r0Z-2-pNvg4-00027-00012964-00013543 team developing space sustainability rating. So, Francesca, I guess that means in terms r0Z-2-pNvg4-00028-00013543-00013841 of scope for our panel you're covering reputation today. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00029-00013841-00014481 Chris Boshuizen is an operating partner at D. C. V. C. Or Data Collective, a San Francisco-based r0Z-2-pNvg4-00030-00014481-00014846 venture capital firm, where he leads that firms' investment in space and other deep r0Z-2-pNvg4-00031-00014846-00015236 tech companies. The space portfolio at DCVC includes US firms r0Z-2-pNvg4-00032-00015236-00015752 as Rocket Labs, Capella Space, and Planet. Chris was also a co-founder of Planet, where r0Z-2-pNvg4-00033-00015752-00016476 he was the firm's chief technology officer. Chris, looks like you're the money angle today r0Z-2-pNvg4-00034-00016476-00016692 on our conversation. Nishant Choksi is the managing director of r0Z-2-pNvg4-00035-00016692-00017115 Ares Advisors. Hey has over 17 years of experience in space r0Z-2-pNvg4-00036-00017115-00017575 and insurance brokerage industries, where he specializes in risk management in large r0Z-2-pNvg4-00037-00017575-00017910 portfolio placements and claims. Nishant, clearly you're covering the risk r0Z-2-pNvg4-00038-00017910-00018314 angle in our discussion today. Jim Boyd is a senior fellow and holds the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00039-00018314-00018902 Thomas Klutznick Chair in Environmental Policy, Resources for the Future. Also the director r0Z-2-pNvg4-00040-00018902-00019370 of social science and policy at the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00041-00019370-00020020 An economist by training, Jim's research emphasizes collaborations between ecologists and economists r0Z-2-pNvg4-00042-00020020-00020282 in order to guide decisions that affect natural resources. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00043-00020282-00020654 So, Jim, I guess that leaves you with the shame angle. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00044-00020654-00020999 Sorry about that. So with that, we'll get right into the discussion r0Z-2-pNvg4-00045-00020999-00021153 here. I'm excited for it. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00046-00021153-00021501 Just a brief word on format: we'll start off with some moderator led discussion, but we're r0Z-2-pNvg4-00047-00021501-00021910 gonna leave plenty of time for audience question and interaction. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00048-00021910-00022401 So please do submit your questions via the Zoom Q&A feature. Again, that's where we'll r0Z-2-pNvg4-00049-00022401-00022779 be looking as the moderator to, um to see the question. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00050-00022779-00023477 So please, do you use that feature. Um, and so with that, let me switch over to, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00051-00023477-00024073 ah, to our first question. And that is for Francesca. Um, in your work r0Z-2-pNvg4-00052-00024073-00024480 with the Space Debris Office at ESA, Francesca, you are involved in the research, tracking r0Z-2-pNvg4-00053-00024480-00024677 and evaluating potential risks in the space environment. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00054-00024677-00025246 In your viewpoint, what are the--what are the most pressing challenges operators must r0Z-2-pNvg4-00055-00025246-00025591 address, and how can initiatives like the space sustainability rating encourage that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00056-00025591-00025891 for those operators to do so? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00057-00025891-00026368 >>FRANCESCA: Hello, and thank you for having me here today. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00058-00026368-00026952 So to reply to your question. So what we are witnessing in, in these recent years is a r0Z-2-pNvg4-00059-00026952-00027406 dramatic increase in the launch traffic. So just to give some numbers: while maybe r0Z-2-pNvg4-00060-00027406-00027969 20 years ago we were launching around 100 satellites per year, now, already this year, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00061-00027969-00028545 we have launched more than 600 satellites. And if we try to see what this means in terms r0Z-2-pNvg4-00062-00028545-00029163 of the impact on the environment in the long term, we find that the current level of activity, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00063-00029163-00029588 combined with the current level of adoption of mitigation guidelines is not sustainable, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00064-00029588-00030206 in the sense that if we continue like now, we would observe, um, an exponential growth r0Z-2-pNvg4-00065-00030206-00030733 in the number of debris objects. So the main challenge to be addressed is exactly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00066-00030733-00031308 how to improve the compliance rate for what concerned the disposal of satellites and at r0Z-2-pNvg4-00067-00031308-00031944 the end of their missions and the minimization of breakups in orbit. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00068-00031944-00032425 And um so for this, this point, there are several actions that operators can take to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00069-00032425-00033001 minimize the risk of breakups. For example, from ensuring that the spacecraft is properly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00070-00033001-00033659 passivated at the end of the mission, or testing new platform for lower altitudes and instead r0Z-2-pNvg4-00071-00033659-00034302 for what concerns the, the end of life disposal, we also see that there is a large margin for r0Z-2-pNvg4-00072-00034302-00034697 improvement. So if you look at the current statistics we r0Z-2-pNvg4-00073-00034697-00035236 see that in LEO only, ah, around 20% of the satellites that should perform a disposal r0Z-2-pNvg4-00074-00035236-00035836 maneuver to actually try to do so. And so the improving in this, in this aspect r0Z-2-pNvg4-00075-00035836-00036378 is really essential to ensure sustainable operation in space. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00076-00036378-00037087 And now, if you want to be a bit positive, we can look at the GEO region where actually r0Z-2-pNvg4-00077-00037087-00037728 the level of compliance is much higher and consistently above 80% in, in these last years. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00078-00037728-00038344 And so one can ask why there is this difference, with respect to LEO. And one reason may be r0Z-2-pNvg4-00079-00038344-00039061 that in GEO, operators clearly see the economic and the operational advantage of keeping this r0Z-2-pNvg4-00080-00039061-00039737 region free from inactive spacecraft. And so, in order to make this link more visible r0Z-2-pNvg4-00081-00039737-00040212 for, for any operator, we have been working on initiatives such as the space sustainability r0Z-2-pNvg4-00082-00040212-00040794 rating that you mentioned before. So on one end ah, one of the elements of the--of r0Z-2-pNvg4-00083-00040794-00041284 the rating is what we call the environmental impact assessment of a mission. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00084-00041284-00041769 So in essence, basically, we perform this assessment by estimating, which is the probability r0Z-2-pNvg4-00085-00041769-00042209 for a spacecraft to break up in orbit, for example, because of collision or because of r0Z-2-pNvg4-00086-00042209-00042709 an explosion. And then we look at which is the potential effect of this fragmentation r0Z-2-pNvg4-00087-00042709-00043263 on other active satellites. So we do this basically to contribute to create r0Z-2-pNvg4-00088-00043263-00043615 this link between current behaviors and future operation. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00089-00043615-00044200 Ah, and we have seen that this could be part of the reason why we--we observed better compliance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00090-00044200-00044925 values in GEO. And, ah, an additional aspect this says, also that we believe that this r0Z-2-pNvg4-00091-00044925-00045475 kind of assessment of the mission provide an additional granularity with respect to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00092-00045475-00046033 just checking if an orbit-- or sorry, mission is compliant or not. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00093-00046033-00046481 And this could be useful, for example, especially for new camera operators to understand how r0Z-2-pNvg4-00094-00046481-00047034 different choices in the mission architecture may have a different impact on the on the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00095-00047034-00047359 environment. And on top of this, if you look at operating r0Z-2-pNvg4-00096-00047359-00047997 in space as a shared resource, then this approach also encourage more transparency in showing r0Z-2-pNvg4-00097-00047997-00048811 how different actors are consuming these shared resources. And then, as you mentioned in the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00098-00048811-00049177 introduction, what we're trying to do with the space sustainability rating is also to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00099-00049177-00049634 try to put emphasis on good behavior. So this means that we are not trying to create r0Z-2-pNvg4-00100-00049634-00050350 a new set of guidelines, but rather to recognize operators that comply to them. Or, go even r0Z-2-pNvg4-00101-00050350-00050849 beyond by adopting measures that try to reduce, which is the disruption that they can cause r0Z-2-pNvg4-00102-00050849-00051414 to neighboring missions in the short term or more in general to, to the environment. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00103-00051414-00052004 So in summary, the way we think that the space sustainability rating can encourage operator r0Z-2-pNvg4-00104-00052004-00052665 is by making more explicit this link between current behaviors and sustainable operations r0Z-2-pNvg4-00105-00052665-00053259 by offering more transparency and also offering a framework for positive recognition. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00106-00053259-00053678 >>All right, well, thank you for that. And I think there's a couple of things that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00107-00053678-00054139 we can return to that are important, just that idea of transparency and how that may r0Z-2-pNvg4-00108-00054139-00054696 help us think about being, being responsible and then that you have a positive encouragement r0Z-2-pNvg4-00109-00054696-00054927 is something I think we will definitely return to. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00110-00054927-00055609 So, Chris, the next question is for you. Um, so Letizia's just described--or Francesca, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00111-00055609-00056166 excuse me--described, uh, an effort to better kind of quantify and become more transparent r0Z-2-pNvg4-00112-00056166-00056680 about space sustainability challenges and our performance towards them. In your role r0Z-2-pNvg4-00113-00056680-00057214 as an investor and as a venture capitalist, to what degree do these space sustainability r0Z-2-pNvg4-00114-00057214-00057557 challenges even matter in making investment decisions? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00115-00057557-00057903 And what does--and how does that relate to the role or any role that the investment you r0Z-2-pNvg4-00116-00057903-00058117 might have in encouraging responsible space behavior? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00117-00058117-00058546 >>CHRIS: Yeah, that's a great question. I think my answer is different because of r0Z-2-pNvg4-00118-00058546-00059260 my NASA and Planet experience. So we, you know, at Planet we--before we started r0Z-2-pNvg4-00119-00059260-00059829 Planet, we we were working actively on new approaches to debris management and to conjunction r0Z-2-pNvg4-00120-00059829-00060078 analysis. And the people that we work with at NASA ended r0Z-2-pNvg4-00121-00060078-00060494 ultimately joined Planet. So planet had that in its culture. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00122-00060494-00061022 And so I've taken that to DCVC. I'm not sure, though, that's universally true for the investment r0Z-2-pNvg4-00123-00061022-00061426 community at large, though. And the reason for that is that they just don't have that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00124-00061426-00061700 shared experience and they don't know about it. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00125-00061700-00062434 And so I think, one of the, my main recommendations for, um, new companies and Francesca, I think r0Z-2-pNvg4-00126-00062434-00062855 what one of my observations is, the difference between LEO and GEO is that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00127-00062855-00063445 the GEO community have lived and breathed that for 40 years, and a lot of the new entrance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00128-00063445-00063992 in the LEO market and new operators, sometimes space companies started by people with absolutely r0Z-2-pNvg4-00129-00063992-00064476 no space background, which on one hand is absolutely amazing and, on the other hand, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00130-00064476-00065087 completely terrifying. And so sort of bridging that gap, where we want to encourage new people r0Z-2-pNvg4-00131-00065087-00065685 to enter our industry and bring new ideas to us, but also kind of catch up on the history r0Z-2-pNvg4-00132-00065685-00066185 and the important dimensions of this business that they need to understand. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00133-00066185-00066874 And so I use my role at Data Collective to evangelize, a lot of orbital debris and collision r0Z-2-pNvg4-00134-00066874-00067292 and space traffic management, and situational awareness concepts and I promulgate that from r0Z-2-pNvg4-00135-00067292-00067551 my role, and I encourage my fellow VCs to do the same. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00136-00067551-00068563 But I think we do have an education gap, both in the investment community and, and the startup r0Z-2-pNvg4-00137-00068563-00068663 community. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00138-00068663-00068999 >>So education and information sharing as a starting point before we can even begin r0Z-2-pNvg4-00139-00068999-00069375 to think about, um, incentives around behavior. So lets-- r0Z-2-pNvg4-00140-00069375-00069799 >>Yeah, you gotta know the problem exists to be able to know you want to solve it. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00141-00069799-00070048 >>Excellent. Let's, let's hold that point and come back r0Z-2-pNvg4-00142-00070048-00070454 to it shortly. So ah, Nishant over to you now for the insurance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00143-00070454-00071250 side of this. So it's often in our community suggested that the space insurance sector r0Z-2-pNvg4-00144-00071250-00071861 can enact policies and pricings to reward or encourage private actors to act responsibly. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00145-00071861-00072238 How would you react to that? Can we have a safe driver discount for space r0Z-2-pNvg4-00146-00072238-00072338 operations? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00147-00072338-00072867 >>NISHANT: Yeah, thanks--thanks Ian. And, um, yeah, I think you know, to answer r0Z-2-pNvg4-00148-00072867-00073344 that question more directly. We've already heard from Francesca and Chris, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00149-00073344-00073879 and they've introduced elements of things that I consider on a daily basis from insurance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00150-00073879-00074269 perspective, and that is what is the risk? Can we understand it? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00151-00074269-00074606 And how can we price it? And how can we price it to a sustainable level r0Z-2-pNvg4-00152-00074606-00075376 to maintain a space insurance industry that can support these broader changes in the space r0Z-2-pNvg4-00153-00075376-00075954 industry at large? So so I guess, to give you a bit of background. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00154-00075954-00076474 The purpose of the space insurance industry is to enable space businesses to help them r0Z-2-pNvg4-00155-00076474-00076760 protect their balance sheets against space related risk. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00156-00076760-00077276 But this needs to be done in a pricing level that's sustainable for the industry. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00157-00077276-00077748 We try to price at risk at a point where we believe it's commensurate with the risk being r0Z-2-pNvg4-00158-00077748-00078256 sought, and those risk profiles these days are absolutely changing as Francesca noted r0Z-2-pNvg4-00159-00078256-00078717 earlier. We--so here, we can offer actual real solutions, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00160-00078717-00079133 but they have to be at a good price, have to be at a fair price. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00161-00079133-00079676 But clearly these are exciting times for the space industry and for us as space insurers. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00162-00079676-00080315 To respond to your question directly, absolutely, we can offer a safe driver discount, and I r0Z-2-pNvg4-00163-00080315-00080803 would say to a large extent this is actually already incorporated into our pricing models. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00164-00080803-00081137 However, we do see challenges for the new space operators. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00165-00081137-00081679 The challenge is how space activities, are defined and today, we do not see that they r0Z-2-pNvg4-00166-00081679-00082048 actually are. Um, we have our own view of what safe means r0Z-2-pNvg4-00167-00082048-00082491 from a technical perspective, from an insurance policy perspective. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00168-00082491-00083001 But the expansion of the industry is creating these new risk profiles to evaluate, and it's r0Z-2-pNvg4-00169-00083001-00083602 natural that the growth creates uncertainty and this leads to a potential increase in r0Z-2-pNvg4-00170-00083602-00084124 the risk. There's, there's actually two pieces, that I would kind of highlight from an insurance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00171-00084124-00084594 perspective. For liability insurance, those are risks that impact third parties, so everyone's r0Z-2-pNvg4-00172-00084594-00085259 concerned really about the collision risk, space situational awareness. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00173-00085259-00085748 We find that nations that require these have different requirements. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00174-00085748-00086489 At times, it may be the case where it's not very feasible or practical even to measure r0Z-2-pNvg4-00175-00086489-00086954 what we consider to be the maximum probable loss, which is how rating and insurability r0Z-2-pNvg4-00176-00086954-00087425 is determined from a liability standpoint. It's a difficult calculation for not only r0Z-2-pNvg4-00177-00087425-00088126 nations but also those actors that are required to ensure against those liability risks. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00178-00088126-00088635 So it is, it is a bit difficult. Then, from my perspective, I need insight r0Z-2-pNvg4-00179-00088635-00089124 into aspects such as operational plans for collision avoidance, deorbit plans, other r0Z-2-pNvg4-00180-00089124-00089712 contingencies that would help derisk the liability and to what extent different space operators r0Z-2-pNvg4-00181-00089712-00090194 can actually do this varies greatly. And I think Chris actually mentioned that as well r0Z-2-pNvg4-00182-00090194-00090634 earlier. The other aspect is the asset coverage, which r0Z-2-pNvg4-00183-00090634-00091274 is that insurance against actual physical loss of your own--first, of your own space r0Z-2-pNvg4-00184-00091274-00091520 asset. We can also look at not just physical, but r0Z-2-pNvg4-00185-00091520-00092045 also loss of revenues. But that's purely at the discretion of the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00186-00092045-00092567 space actor, and at times it could be a requirement of their investors. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00187-00092567-00093166 Um, so to give you a bit of perspective, the established operators were familiar with space r0Z-2-pNvg4-00188-00093166-00093637 insurance and its benefits do see a safe driver discount because we have transparency in technical r0Z-2-pNvg4-00189-00093637-00094130 aspects such as flight heritage, technical depth and breadth of their teams. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00190-00094130-00094790 We have statistical evidence to support quality of reliability statistics that support overall r0Z-2-pNvg4-00191-00094790-00095159 missions. We would expect to see the same level of information r0Z-2-pNvg4-00192-00095159-00095714 and transparency on the new space operators, but that's really not always the case. And r0Z-2-pNvg4-00193-00095714-00096343 in closing, I really want to highlight the fact that the space insurance industry has r0Z-2-pNvg4-00194-00096343-00096854 already in the last 3 to 5 years been able to demonstrate its ability to create new insurance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00195-00096854-00097140 solutions to cover some of these new risk aspects. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00196-00097140-00097673 It's the adaptation and awareness of those benefits to--of space insurance, that continue r0Z-2-pNvg4-00197-00097673-00098166 to, I would say, elude the broader spectrum of buyers and operators in the new space sector. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00198-00098166-00098775 Um, and it's the ability to insure against the risk of loss that benefits not just the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00199-00098775-00099279 operator buying insurance, but the customers, regulators, the investors and the broader r0Z-2-pNvg4-00200-00099279-00099596 space community. So I really feel that that is the real value r0Z-2-pNvg4-00201-00099596-00100380 creation of space insurance, to reach the sustainability of this in the industry. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00202-00100380-00100829 >>Thank you for that, Nishant. A couple of things there that I was trying r0Z-2-pNvg4-00203-00100829-00101081 to, trying to jot down here so we could come back to you. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00204-00101081-00101449 There is a clear thematic link between you-- you're talking about awareness of the role r0Z-2-pNvg4-00205-00101449-00101907 of the insurance industry place and its, and its products and an ability to develop those r0Z-2-pNvg4-00206-00101907-00102469 things to the--what Chris was saying about, just, awareness within his sector about some r0Z-2-pNvg4-00207-00102469-00102798 of the challenges that we face. So clearly there's a theme already developing around, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00208-00102798-00103081 on what we can do to educate and broaden, broaden awareness. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00209-00103081-00103368 Um, so, Jim, I want I want to come to you now. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00210-00103368-00103704 Now you are--you're coming to us from outside of the space domain. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00211-00103704-00104138 But you've done that, done a lot of work in environmental economics and re--natural resources r0Z-2-pNvg4-00212-00104138-00104636 management, looking at what I might call analogous challenges in different sectors to what we're r0Z-2-pNvg4-00213-00104636-00105063 looking at in our community. So as you listen to the challenges that we've r0Z-2-pNvg4-00214-00105063-00105503 discussed so far on this panel and perhaps in the previous one, is there anything that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00215-00105503-00105947 you're thinking about from the experience with natural resources management, environmental r0Z-2-pNvg4-00216-00105947-00106357 economics that might be immediately coming to mind as relevant here? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00217-00106357-00106590 You're muted, sir. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00218-00106590-00106983 >>JIM: Sorry. Um, thanks Ian. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00219-00106983-00107619 Yes, several things. And I actually, if I had to pick one thing r0Z-2-pNvg4-00220-00107619-00108333 to focus on, it would be to build on Nishant's comments related to insurance. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00221-00108333-00109050 So there's an important analogy in the environmental policy arena to this space insurance issue. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00222-00109050-00109883 And that is, um, that insurance plays a hugely important role in deterrence of damages and r0Z-2-pNvg4-00223-00109883-00110509 reduction of risk in the environmental area. Whenever you put an oil tanker out to sea, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00224-00110509-00111120 whenever you build a gas station, whenever you build a landfill, you actually are required r0Z-2-pNvg4-00225-00111120-00111908 by US law to have insurance coverage much like you're required to have insurance coverage r0Z-2-pNvg4-00226-00111908-00112833 as an automobile driver. And that requirement to have insurance plays this incredible behavioral r0Z-2-pNvg4-00227-00112833-00113534 role, in my view. And that is, we tend to think of environmental regulation as: do this, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00228-00113534-00113900 do that. But these insurance requirements harness the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00229-00113900-00114539 power of the market, harness the incentives created by different types of pricing, like r0Z-2-pNvg4-00230-00114539-00115080 Nishant's concerned about. And so that's a clear analogy. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00231-00115080-00115651 The one, the one thing I want to add to what Nishant said, is the importance in my view r0Z-2-pNvg4-00232-00115651-00116561 of mandatory insurance. If you leave it as a voluntary thing, it can work to a certain r0Z-2-pNvg4-00233-00116561-00116889 extent. But I'd like to put out there for discussion r0Z-2-pNvg4-00234-00116889-00117582 the idea called financial responsibility requirements or mandatory insurance requirements. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00235-00117582-00118278 Um, which actually helps stimulate the insurance market and level the playing field for all r0Z-2-pNvg4-00236-00118278-00118715 the actors concerned. So that's one analogy that's very clear. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00237-00118715-00119535 Shifting gears a little bit, the problem of orbital congestion also has analogues in the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00238-00119535-00120120 environmental arena. Um, we worry a lot about automobile congestion r0Z-2-pNvg4-00239-00120120-00120933 and develop policies for dealing with that. So, uh, intuitively, you know we impose tolls r0Z-2-pNvg4-00240-00120933-00121790 on cars to in effect, um a) raise revenue but also b) people to change their driving r0Z-2-pNvg4-00241-00121790-00122562 behavior in a way that produces congestion. Another alternative is kind of the HOV lane r0Z-2-pNvg4-00242-00122562-00123033 analogy, and not quite sure how this would work in this space context, but basically r0Z-2-pNvg4-00243-00123033-00123879 what you're doing there is you're allocating slots based on particular behaviors. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00244-00123879-00124176 You know, how many people you have in the car, in the space context. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00245-00124176-00124874 I'd be interested in your thoughts on, you know, allocating space to platforms that have r0Z-2-pNvg4-00246-00124874-00125262 particular technological characteristics and things like that. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00247-00125262-00125979 That's another analogy we could explore. Um, and then, uh, environmental economists r0Z-2-pNvg4-00248-00125979-00126583 actually did a lot of early work on spectrum allocation because environmental economists r0Z-2-pNvg4-00249-00126583-00127214 worry about public goods and the commons. And so there's a lot of lessons to be learned r0Z-2-pNvg4-00250-00127214-00127763 from my world, I think, in terms of any of those spectrum allocation questions. Again, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00251-00127763-00128738 how you allocate, uh, scarce spectrum either via auction or by giving spectrum as a property r0Z-2-pNvg4-00252-00128738-00129364 right, and then allowing people to trade that property right to get to the highest value r0Z-2-pNvg4-00253-00129364-00129839 uses. So these are all, all analogies that I think r0Z-2-pNvg4-00254-00129839-00130163 are worth exploring. But the direct answer to your question. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00255-00130163-00131024 I think the insurance angle is the most appealing, and from my work on environmental issues, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00256-00131024-00131373 arguably the most important thing to explore more deeply. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00257-00131373-00131920 >>All right, thank you for that. I think there is a lot there that we could r0Z-2-pNvg4-00258-00131920-00132195 pick up for on discussion. And that's great, cause we're now coming to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00259-00132195-00132488 the portion of the panel that is meant to be that discussion. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00260-00132488-00132950 So I'm beginning to see some audience questions come in. Please, ah, audience members, please r0Z-2-pNvg4-00261-00132950-00133482 do submit those questions through the Q&A and upvote the ones you'd really want us to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00262-00133482-00133729 ask. Um, but I want to pick up on something, Jim, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00263-00133729-00134289 you were just just talking about right there. And that was the potential to have a requirement r0Z-2-pNvg4-00264-00134289-00134657 for insurance. So there are a few--and I say few very deliberately--a r0Z-2-pNvg4-00265-00134657-00134983 few jurisdictions in space world that require on orbit insurance. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00266-00134983-00135472 It is not particularly common. We typically have launch insurance, and that's r0Z-2-pNvg4-00267-00135472-00135858 to protect the business adjustment. But we do not typically require on orbit, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00268-00135858-00136259 on orbit insurance. There's a currently--current rulemaking action r0Z-2-pNvg4-00269-00136259-00136765 moving through the FCC in the US, which has the space debris mitigation requirement role r0Z-2-pNvg4-00270-00136765-00137387 in the US space regulatory system, that is, ah, requesting comment on requiring and putting r0Z-2-pNvg4-00271-00137387-00137915 into place indemnification requirements so that private operators would indemnify the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00272-00137915-00138416 US government against liability concerns around, around debris operations. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00273-00138416-00138901 So curious from, I think, Nishant and Chris in particular, how you would react to some r0Z-2-pNvg4-00274-00138901-00139300 of the suggestions Jim just made around requiring insurance, given the context that we have r0Z-2-pNvg4-00275-00139300-00139654 in our industry and some of the emerging businesses that we're looking at? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00276-00139654-00140092 >>CHRIS: Yeah, Nishant, do you want to go first? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00277-00140092-00140916 >>NISHANT: Uh, sure, I think--thanks, Chris. Yeah, you know, when it comes to-- I would r0Z-2-pNvg4-00278-00140916-00141740 say the early days of some of these new risk profiles emerging, we see, we understand that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00279-00141740-00142312 there are risks related to collisions and liabilities, and space operators want to protect r0Z-2-pNvg4-00280-00142312-00142577 their own assets. So there's, there's different classes of risk r0Z-2-pNvg4-00281-00142577-00143190 that we need to consider. What the right product is and how that fits into it. As Jim, was r0Z-2-pNvg4-00282-00143190-00143592 mentioning earlier, is it gonna be mandatory or required? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00283-00143592-00144049 Clearly, from my perspective, you know, insurance, no matter what kind of vertical you're playing r0Z-2-pNvg4-00284-00144049-00144826 in is a cyclical kind of business. You have claims that lead to rate movements, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00285-00144826-00145266 introduces more capacity into the market. That capacity drive--comes in, creates more r0Z-2-pNvg4-00286-00145266-00145490 competition and all of a sudden you see rates dropping. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00287-00145490-00145919 And then we kind of go through that cycle yet again. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00288-00145919-00146576 You know, when we're at the early days of these types of risk, you know there is a tendency r0Z-2-pNvg4-00289-00146576-00147100 for, for some insurance to take a view that certain risk should be excluded simply because r0Z-2-pNvg4-00290-00147100-00147450 we don't fully understand or have an appreciation for. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00291-00147450-00147762 There's other risk that we do understand that we can price those. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00292-00147762-00148283 But those might come at premiums that might not be adequate or feasible for space operators r0Z-2-pNvg4-00293-00148283-00148651 to buy that level of insurance, it might be too expensive. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00294-00148651-00149226 So finding that commonality is possible. Now, if you take the route that it needs to be r0Z-2-pNvg4-00295-00149226-00149516 required, you're gonna, you're gonna attract a lot of business. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00296-00149516-00149889 You're gonna attract a lot of capacity because they see a development of a market. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00297-00149889-00150470 And these are for-profit companies, right? So looking to generate, expand revenue--if r0Z-2-pNvg4-00298-00150470-00151054 we see a market expanding, that's opportunity for insurers to enter. Until we see-- start r0Z-2-pNvg4-00299-00151054-00151595 seeing a level of claims activity, or lack thereof, that's really going to determine r0Z-2-pNvg4-00300-00151595-00152127 where that pricing goes and what insurers are going to or not going to be able to buy, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00301-00152127-00152279 levels of insurance. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00302-00152279-00153197 >>Yeah, so I think some, uh, James actually brought up a great analogy, which is that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00303-00153197-00153717 of the automobile. On our roads, we solved these problems a very long time ago. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00304-00153717-00154158 And, you know, most countries have mandatory third party insurance. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00305-00154158-00154655 Um, you know, so in space, if you, to your own business case, feel like you don't need r0Z-2-pNvg4-00306-00154655-00155113 to ensure your own asset for the loss, that's okay, that's acceptable. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00307-00155113-00155608 But I think it's not acceptable that, you know, you could potentially cause harm to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00308-00155608-00155935 someone else. And ultimately, right now, you mentioned Nishant, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00309-00155935-00156267 the liability transfers to the state under the treaty. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00310-00156267-00156907 So you basically exposing--as we have, as we encourage more people to start space startups r0Z-2-pNvg4-00311-00156907-00157492 and other types of enterprises in orbi, we're increasing the liability for our government. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00312-00157492-00157861 We don't want to lose our right to do that, so we really need to help them out. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00313-00157861-00158280 So I think that's a fair ask from governments to mandate that companies have third party r0Z-2-pNvg4-00314-00158280-00158844 liability insurance. Um, another point about the car example is r0Z-2-pNvg4-00315-00158844-00159447 the situation we have in LEO right now is, you could be driving your car, and if it breaks r0Z-2-pNvg4-00316-00159447-00160085 down, you get out and you leave it there. And you leave it there forever on the highway. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00317-00160085-00160595 And so space debris, you can think of as a highway where just the broken down cars keep r0Z-2-pNvg4-00318-00160595-00160992 accumulating and at some point you can't drive anymore. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00319-00160992-00161788 And so, I think we need to go further than just having legal and fiscal tools to solve r0Z-2-pNvg4-00320-00161788-00162161 this problem. I think we also need to make sure that people r0Z-2-pNvg4-00321-00162161-00162700 can afford to pay for the debris removal. And that's an additional layer of insurance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00322-00162700-00163365 that I think people should have, um, where if their asset failed, they're on the hook. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00323-00163365-00163883 For all of, all of the recovery cost to restore free access to that public commons. And, you r0Z-2-pNvg4-00324-00163883-00164461 know, I think this is, a new idea, but a number of companies and startups are pushing this, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00325-00164461-00164871 and I think it's probably one of the biggest tools that we need to put in place, which r0Z-2-pNvg4-00326-00164871-00165232 is, you just can't leave you broken down car on the freeway anymore. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00327-00165232-00165838 >>Can I jump in here on Chris' point? Yeah, there's also an analogy to exactly what r0Z-2-pNvg4-00328-00165838-00166860 you were saying there in the environmental field that relates to mining activities, the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00329-00166860-00167311 end of the life of landfills, things like that. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00330-00167311-00168236 Where, um, there are bonding requirements, uh, that ensure that money is available for r0Z-2-pNvg4-00331-00168236-00169225 any repair or, uh uh, accidents that occur after the lifetime of the landfill or the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00332-00169225-00169527 mine. And the insurance industry plays a role in r0Z-2-pNvg4-00333-00169527-00170007 that bonding activity as well. So I'm really glad you made that point. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00334-00170007-00170435 >>IAN: All right. Thanks, all this stuff is very interesting. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00335-00170435-00170948 I want to, um, ask one more question as a moderator, and then I'm gonna go to the, um, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00336-00170948-00171560 start going to the audience question and answer. But, um, Chris, you said, you know, it's acceptable r0Z-2-pNvg4-00337-00171560-00171973 behavior to leave your car on the highway and walk away from it. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00338-00171973-00172539 All right, um, so the question I want to ask, and I think I'm gonna ask Francesca to start, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00339-00172539-00173148 and then the other other panelists to weigh in here--can we even, how can we talk about r0Z-2-pNvg4-00340-00173148-00173651 incentivizing or encouraging responsible behavior if we don't know what responsible behavior r0Z-2-pNvg4-00341-00173651-00173938 is? Do we have a baseline in our community for r0Z-2-pNvg4-00342-00173938-00174509 identifying what a responsible space actor--be that a commercial actor or government actor--what r0Z-2-pNvg4-00343-00174509-00174973 that looks like? So Francesca, can you talk about that from the standpoint of the space r0Z-2-pNvg4-00344-00174973-00175139 sustainability rating? And then I'd be curious to hear the other r0Z-2-pNvg4-00345-00175139-00175290 panelists' reaction. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00346-00175290-00175685 >>FRANCESCA: Yes. So I think that on one end, we, we have actually r0Z-2-pNvg4-00347-00175685-00176301 already the tools to define such baseline. And somehow you can think that this baseline r0Z-2-pNvg4-00348-00176301-00176905 has already been defined, even maybe not articulated in a single document or, or guidelines. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00349-00176905-00177478 So if, if we think that the problem of space debris, we can see that there are two dimensions r0Z-2-pNvg4-00350-00177478-00177735 to the problem. The long term and the short term. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00351-00177735-00178262 So for the long term there is a continuous ongoing effort in international bodies such r0Z-2-pNvg4-00352-00178262-00178766 as the Inter-Agency Space Debris Committee to model the debris environment, its sensitivity r0Z-2-pNvg4-00353-00178766-00179204 to different parameters as, for example, the compliance or mitigation measures. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00354-00179204-00179798 And this can help in identifying which actions are expected to have the largest positive r0Z-2-pNvg4-00355-00179798-00180404 impact and so define these minimum level of responsible behavior in space. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00356-00180404-00180894 And for the short term one, instead, we can look mainly at, for example, the collision r0Z-2-pNvg4-00357-00180894-00181507 avoidance process and how operators can minimize the burden on other operators, but also in r0Z-2-pNvg4-00358-00181507-00182116 the space of other systems in in general. And so we look at action, such as communicated r0Z-2-pNvg4-00359-00182116-00182420 maneuverability of the satellite and screen and maneuvers. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00360-00182420-00182922 All these elements that were mentioned also in the previous panel. And here we see the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00361-00182922-00183466 cooperation among operators can really be positive in shaping these best practices and r0Z-2-pNvg4-00362-00183466-00184025 contributing again to define which is the minimum level of responsible behavior. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00363-00184025-00184808 And, um, for what concerns me, the space sustainability rating, specifically as you asked, these are r0Z-2-pNvg4-00364-00184808-00185394 all elements that actually are part of the, of the rating. So the rating will be composed r0Z-2-pNvg4-00365-00185394-00185834 by different modules. And some of the modules exactly are, for example, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00366-00185834-00186599 on what operators are doing in terms of data sharing or the, their collision avoidance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00367-00186599-00187133 operation et cetera. And it's also always important to keep in mind that the step that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00368-00187133-00187653 should always be done when we look at this best practice is also to understand, um, how r0Z-2-pNvg4-00369-00187653-00188212 we can then feedback these also into this long term simulation of the environment to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00370-00188212-00188523 understand really, what are also the long term implications. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00371-00188523-00189460 But I think that the tools are there, and it's possible to define this baseline. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00372-00189460-00189786 >> Thank you for that. Um, any of the other panelists have a perspective r0Z-2-pNvg4-00373-00189786-00190314 on either what Francesca has said, or on the question of whether we even know what a baseline r0Z-2-pNvg4-00374-00190314-00190453 of responsible behavior is? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00375-00190453-00191198 >>CHRIS: Well, I think it's changing, right? I mean, um, back when we, you know, had really r0Z-2-pNvg4-00376-00191198-00191826 just one or two CubeSats and then more or less basics and every other launch vehicle r0Z-2-pNvg4-00377-00191826-00192252 was launching a GeoSat. I think things were fairly stable. Now that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00378-00192252-00192853 we've got a large number of, you know, small to larger satellites to LEO and MEO and increasing r0Z-2-pNvg4-00379-00192853-00193484 numbers of them, the situation's changing, and I think we've learned a lot. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00380-00193484-00194014 I mean, I think even some of the things we talked about today were not even considered r0Z-2-pNvg4-00381-00194014-00194607 at similar conferences five or 10 years ago. We talked about SSA, space traffic--space r0Z-2-pNvg4-00382-00194607-00195135 situational awareness was a topic, but not really about the responses to derelict satellites r0Z-2-pNvg4-00383-00195135-00195812 and collisions and so on. I think this is a new dimension that, frankly, we as a community r0Z-2-pNvg4-00384-00195812-00196394 are just discovering, um and so you know, that, that needs to become mainstream, but r0Z-2-pNvg4-00385-00196394-00196513 I don't think it is yet. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00386-00196513-00196752 >>All right. Thanks. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00387-00196752-00197351 So, um, let's ah, let's start turning to our audience now. We have a number of questions r0Z-2-pNvg4-00388-00197351-00197640 submitted through the chat. So I'm trying to start weaving those into r0Z-2-pNvg4-00389-00197640-00198046 the conversation here, um, and let's start with this one. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00390-00198046-00198513 So we've been talking a lot in this panel about commercial activity, new actors and r0Z-2-pNvg4-00391-00198513-00198913 new commercial business models and new uses of space. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00392-00198913-00199235 We also recognize that historically, a lot of the activity in space has been government r0Z-2-pNvg4-00393-00199235-00199670 and some of the--a large portion of the debris objects that we're concerned about are legacy r0Z-2-pNvg4-00394-00199670-00200300 objects from government activities, right. Um, so the question has been posed is, um r0Z-2-pNvg4-00395-00200300-00200874 how do we incent governments to act responsibly? Is the incentive structure that we think about r0Z-2-pNvg4-00396-00200874-00201308 there a different set of mechanisms than we might think about for the commercial industry? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00397-00201308-00201883 And so, Jim, maybe I put you on the spot, if there's any lessons from your domain there? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00398-00201883-00202225 And then, um, to others that want to take that on. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00399-00202225-00203050 >>Sure, just briefly--the government, the federal government in particular, often does, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00400-00203050-00203788 um, in the environmental context, take a lead in order to stimulate and demonstrate good r0Z-2-pNvg4-00401-00203788-00204273 behavior. So you'll have energy efficiency requirements r0Z-2-pNvg4-00402-00204273-00205317 for federal facilities, for example. Um uh, recycling, kind of, life cycle recycling initiatives. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00403-00205317-00206313 Um, so you do see some of that. Now, the politics of that, though, I mean, basically, it's an r0Z-2-pNvg4-00404-00206313-00206609 interesting question: why does the federal government do that? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00405-00206609-00207403 It's really about congressional politics. There's gotta be a nudge, um, from the Hill, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00406-00207403-00208316 in fact, to, um--and it can be a fairly direct way of getting some experimentation and leadership r0Z-2-pNvg4-00407-00208316-00208987 from the federal agencies happening. Uh, but I assume that the real driver there r0Z-2-pNvg4-00408-00208987-00209598 is-- first of all, the agency's belief that it's the right thing to do, sort of a cultural r0Z-2-pNvg4-00409-00209598-00210364 belief, and then some political and--political inducement and budgetary authority to actually r0Z-2-pNvg4-00410-00210364-00210857 be doing that. So to me, what that means is, if the private r0Z-2-pNvg4-00411-00210857-00211496 sector sees a role for the government to be proactive in a way it isn't right now, that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00412-00211496-00211877 is kind of a congressional and a political calculus. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00413-00211877-00212159 That'd be my guess. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00414-00212159-00212511 >>So, Chris and Nishant, can you maybe pick up on that? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00415-00212511-00213110 How can the private sector be more effective to advocate for government action on some r0Z-2-pNvg4-00416-00213110-00213352 of its legacy objects? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00417-00213352-00213869 >>NISHANT: Chris, on you, this one. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00418-00213869-00214169 >>CHRIS: Okay. Um, yeah. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00419-00214169-00214569 I mean, there's not a lot we can do about them yet, right? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00420-00214569-00214973 I mean, we can't go and get them, um, and move them really? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00421-00214973-00215471 So that's hopefully coming in the next decade. But we're not there yet, so all we can really r0Z-2-pNvg4-00422-00215471-00215851 do is track them. And, um, I think just being more forthcoming r0Z-2-pNvg4-00423-00215851-00216290 with their catalog and the accuracy of their catalog would be a big step so that people r0Z-2-pNvg4-00424-00216290-00217026 can predict their collisions and do their avoidance maneuvers with better, better information. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00425-00217026-00217617 That's probably the biggest step. And then, you know, obviously having a commitment r0Z-2-pNvg4-00426-00217617-00218146 from this day forward to, you know, from stop tossing second stages into orbit and things r0Z-2-pNvg4-00427-00218146-00218665 like that, which is something we all need to do, but, you know it's-- r0Z-2-pNvg4-00428-00218665-00219125 One of the sad things about this problem is that, once the damage is done, it's done and, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00429-00219125-00219528 at least in terms of our state of art right now, it's irreversible. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00430-00219528-00220162 Um, so until that changes, um, you know that we kind of start dealing with the problems r0Z-2-pNvg4-00431-00220162-00220521 that we've got. So I think at least sharing information is r0Z-2-pNvg4-00432-00220521-00220621 a good start. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00433-00220621-00221142 >>Back to the, back to the transparency and information thing that we picked, we started r0Z-2-pNvg4-00434-00221142-00221467 at the beginning of this, right? All right. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00435-00221467-00222037 So, uh, Francesca, we have a couple of questions here that relate to the sustainability rating r0Z-2-pNvg4-00436-00222037-00222626 itself. And so, just ask, ask a couple of those, um, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00437-00222626-00223148 right now. Now that they've moved, so give me a second to find it again. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00438-00223148-00223565 Um ah. So the question has to do with what the, what r0Z-2-pNvg4-00439-00223565-00224067 the rating is measuring, talk about space sustainability rating and talks about operator r0Z-2-pNvg4-00440-00224067-00224404 behavior. Um, and so we're measuring, um, and trying r0Z-2-pNvg4-00441-00224404-00225003 to define how to compare how operators are behaving in terms of responsibility. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00442-00225003-00225457 Should we also not be considering design of satellites as part of this? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00443-00225457-00225917 So, um, satellites don't--we don't want to design satellites to fail, is that also not r0Z-2-pNvg4-00444-00225917-00226130 part of responsible behavior? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00445-00226130-00226719 >>FRANCESCA: So, first I want to say that what we have been doing in these two years r0Z-2-pNvg4-00446-00226719-00227304 of the, in the development of the space sustainability rating, we see it as a first step. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00447-00227304-00227903 So we are not aiming at solving all the problems in this first iteration. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00448-00227903-00228314 So for sure, there are aspects that, um at the moment we're not considering. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00449-00228314-00228823 But then maybe with the evolution that we have been mentioning already, there will need r0Z-2-pNvg4-00450-00228823-00229360 to be included later on in the development of the rating. But this aspect of the design, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00451-00229360-00229962 we are already--some are taken into account because one of the elements that we consider r0Z-2-pNvg4-00452-00229962-00230648 is, for example, the application of standards, um, in the design of the, of the mission. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00453-00230648-00231411 So, for example, if you apply the ISO standard and you will get a better rating. So somehow r0Z-2-pNvg4-00454-00231411-00232108 in a, let's say an indirect way, these aspects are taken into consideration. The problem r0Z-2-pNvg4-00455-00232108-00232450 specifically with the design choices, which is one of the aspects actually that we, that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00456-00232450-00233142 we considered in the really initial phase of the, of the design of the rating, is that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00457-00233142-00233969 it's an aspect that is difficult for an agency to verify. So what we would like to-- r0Z-2-pNvg4-00458-00233969-00234425 So you will have to go through the documentation of the satellite and do this assessment, which r0Z-2-pNvg4-00459-00234425-00234938 may be not so straightforward. And also may rely on information that could r0Z-2-pNvg4-00460-00234938-00235533 be deemed to be, um, they say not controversial, but may be covered by intellectual property r0Z-2-pNvg4-00461-00235533-00235926 rights. So what we considered for the rating is, as r0Z-2-pNvg4-00462-00235926-00236448 I said--and I'm talking about this first iteration--is to try to remove this kind of barriers, for r0Z-2-pNvg4-00463-00236448-00237019 example, for sharing of data that could be problematic for commercial operators. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00464-00237019-00237435 And this is one of the reason why the design is considered, but through the application r0Z-2-pNvg4-00465-00237435-00238008 of standards, and not through really an analysis of the specific design that the operators r0Z-2-pNvg4-00466-00238008-00238196 is adopting. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00467-00238196-00238990 >>All right, thank you for that. Um all right, so let's--and apologies again, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00468-00238990-00239481 gonna jump around in subjects a little bit here--but, um, let's return now to the discussion r0Z-2-pNvg4-00469-00239481-00240032 of information sharing, awareness, and education that we had at the beginning of this. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00470-00240032-00240489 And so, Chris, I think this is gonna be for you to start, but I'm certainly welcome for r0Z-2-pNvg4-00471-00240489-00241116 any other panelists to come in on this. The question that we have in the chat is about, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00472-00241116-00241698 um, how do we educate future space entrepreneurs about space sustainability challenges and r0Z-2-pNvg4-00473-00241698-00242246 does that--do we want to look for the university system, do we want to build specific programs r0Z-2-pNvg4-00474-00242246-00242552 around space sustainability? But it is also a bigger question to this, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00475-00242552-00243169 is then: how do we also educate the, um, the investor community that you spoke about? About r0Z-2-pNvg4-00476-00243169-00243502 some of these challenges and what are the challenges to doing that? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00477-00243502-00244089 >>My real concern is people from outside the industry who get excited about space. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00478-00244089-00244610 So you know the example in my world might be somebody who just sold a software startup, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00479-00244610-00244908 and then, you know, decides it's finally time to return to their love of space. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00480-00244908-00245300 And so they go to Palo Alto VCs and raise a bunch of money. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00481-00245300-00245556 And neither of those two groups of people know anything about space. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00482-00245556-00245844 They just get excited by and have a ton of money. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00483-00245844-00246219 Then there's--that's my biggest concern. So those ones are hard to reach because they r0Z-2-pNvg4-00484-00246219-00246757 don't know what they don't know. Um, for the rest of us that are in the space, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00485-00246757-00247248 including space VCs who have been coming to space conferences for years, but--and know r0Z-2-pNvg4-00486-00247248-00247829 the issues, um, and people who have degrees in aerospace engineering or been to the International r0Z-2-pNvg4-00487-00247829-00248276 Space University, um, or regularly attending the IAC, those people know of the existence r0Z-2-pNvg4-00488-00248276-00248617 of this problem, and I see that their behavior is very different. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00489-00248617-00249139 So I think we've done a pretty good job in our own community of educating the people r0Z-2-pNvg4-00490-00249139-00249686 that we know. And we share that information. And every way you go in this industry, from r0Z-2-pNvg4-00491-00249686-00250225 your undergraduate university, through the ISU and professional life, you hear about r0Z-2-pNvg4-00492-00250225-00250519 it and it is baked in. And I think we've done a very good job of r0Z-2-pNvg4-00493-00250519-00250715 that. Um, the question is, how do we get these other r0Z-2-pNvg4-00494-00250715-00251373 people to, say, go to ISU before they start a space company. Or, you know, come to this r0Z-2-pNvg4-00495-00251373-00251811 workshop as part of their learning process to building their business plan. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00496-00251811-00251952 And that's the part that I haven't solved yet. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00497-00251952-00252285 And I'd love to hear ideas about how to sort of broaden that net. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00498-00252285-00252809 Um, you know, to sort of capture those people and bring them into the community we have r0Z-2-pNvg4-00499-00252809-00253233 here, you know, where we have people like Francesca doing excellent work that is available r0Z-2-pNvg4-00500-00253233-00253563 to them. Secure World as well, right? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00501-00253563-00254323 How do we--how do we embrace them and welcome them in and tell them what they need to know. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00502-00254323-00255164 >>FRANCESCA: If I can add something on this. Um, an idea that we were considering for the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00503-00255164-00255769 sustainability rating, but also for our work internally in ESA, is, for example, to provide r0Z-2-pNvg4-00504-00255769-00256488 a web-based platform where operators can, let's say, submit the main characteristics r0Z-2-pNvg4-00505-00256488-00257130 of their mission and understand how this rating or this environmental impact assessment, that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00506-00257130-00257800 I mentioned before, will change if you change some parameters in the architecture of the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00507-00257800-00258292 mission. Because exactly as you, as you said, Chris, before-- we also think that it's very r0Z-2-pNvg4-00508-00258292-00258856 important to bridge this education gap, to make more clear how different choices can r0Z-2-pNvg4-00509-00258856-00259489 really have an impact, which is the effect on the environment on the long term. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00510-00259489-00260278 So this is how, from a purely technical point of view, we are considering to address this r0Z-2-pNvg4-00511-00260278-00260406 aspect. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00512-00260406-00261402 >>IAN: All right, thank you both. Clearly, I think we can define that we need r0Z-2-pNvg4-00513-00261402-00261946 to do better there, in terms of reaching out some of these new audiences that are driving r0Z-2-pNvg4-00514-00261946-00262391 activity in our segment, but the specific challenges of how we do that are something r0Z-2-pNvg4-00515-00262391-00262908 I think--I know that I, uh I'm challenged within my own work in Secure World. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00516-00262908-00263351 So it's a sure challenge for all of us. Um, Alright. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00517-00263351-00264023 Gonna go back to a couple of technical questions here. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00518-00264023-00264543 Um, so we have--we have a question that looks at I think something that's somewhat related r0Z-2-pNvg4-00519-00264543-00265160 to what Jim raised about, um, certain orbital zones, or, you know, the HOV concept, right? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00520-00265160-00265868 How, if we can apply that to space operations. I think this question it's to any panelist r0Z-2-pNvg4-00521-00265868-00266341 who wants to take it-- we have seen some proposals and some new startups r0Z-2-pNvg4-00522-00266341-00266932 and new businesses to look at trying to utilize a region of space known as Very Low Earth r0Z-2-pNvg4-00523-00266932-00267298 Orbit. So, you know, uh, probably below 250 kilometers, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00524-00267298-00267648 something that would decay naturally very quickly. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00525-00267648-00268353 Um, the question is, do we think this is a interesting way to balance space safety with, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00526-00268353-00268747 um, with new areas of activity and new innovation? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00527-00268747-00269116 >>CHRIS: Do you mind if I take that? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00528-00269116-00269230 >>I think so. Go for it. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00529-00269230-00269541 >>Yeah, Yeah. No, I think I think that's a really interesting r0Z-2-pNvg4-00530-00269541-00270037 idea. So, um, one of the sort of big advantages r0Z-2-pNvg4-00531-00270037-00270723 that CubeSats in the early days had was, um, the small, small surface area and low orbit. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00532-00270723-00271197 They kind of naturally clean up. And, you know, we--the Earth is bombarded r0Z-2-pNvg4-00533-00271197-00271558 by several tons of meteorite material every day. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00534-00271558-00272037 So, you know, you know, few satellites that could get completely vaporised is a fairly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00535-00272037-00272661 insignificant contribution. There's no real pollution that I believe is r0Z-2-pNvg4-00536-00272661-00273017 measurable from a satellite re-entering the atmosphere. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00537-00273017-00273476 And so it's a pretty cool idea, and so if we can solve that at least those satellites r0Z-2-pNvg4-00538-00273476-00273839 are out of the way. And when your car breaks down, in this case, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00539-00273839-00274246 it cleans itself up. And that's really true of any orbit below r0Z-2-pNvg4-00540-00274246-00274661 500 kilometers, is that you have enough drag that you just help clean up. The real issue r0Z-2-pNvg4-00541-00274661-00275010 is people going higher than that and getting more excited. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00542-00275010-00275385 So I encourage anyone to go as low as possible for your mission profile. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00543-00275385-00275831 Um, and if you, you know, can use your last single command before your satellite dies r0Z-2-pNvg4-00544-00275831-00276282 or your last drop of fuel to push the orbit down, you should do that because these very r0Z-2-pNvg4-00545-00276282-00276791 low orbit are amazing sort of, you know, self clean up in taking care of the debris. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00546-00276791-00277159 So I strongly encourage people to look at ideas down there. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00547-00277159-00277577 And, of course, you know, if you're half the distance away from the earth, you know, if r0Z-2-pNvg4-00548-00277577-00277827 you have a camera, you've got double the resolution. So it's better for your business plan too. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00549-00277827-00278393 So I think there's some exciting business plans just around the corner there. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00550-00278393-00278889 >>So that may be an emerging norm we can continue to converse around, is if you can use a low r0Z-2-pNvg4-00551-00278889-00279324 orbit as much as you can possibly use, let's, let's look for that. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00552-00279324-00279424 >>Exactly. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00553-00279424-00280139 >>Okay, um, anybody else on that one? All right. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00554-00280139-00280528 One for Francesca here. Kind of lightning fashion. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00555-00280528-00281294 Does the space sustainability rating consider environmental impact to anything on Earth, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00556-00281294-00281582 essentially, or is it just looking at the orbital domain? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00557-00281582-00282327 >>So, yeah, as I said, in this first interaction, we on purpose decide to focus only on the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00558-00282327-00282721 in-orbit domain. So we would just look at the space debris r0Z-2-pNvg4-00559-00282721-00283064 issue in itself. And we are not considering aspects such as, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00560-00283064-00283546 for example, the impact of reentry or the impact on the atmosphere. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00561-00283546-00284247 So these factors are not present at the moment for this current edition, let's say, of the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00562-00284247-00284347 rating. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00563-00284347-00284724 >>Thank you for that. I've got one for Jim here from Mark Mulholland. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00564-00284724-00285149 So Jim, is there an analogy to the Superfund construct? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00565-00285149-00285549 Phase one is to stop polluting space and start being responsible. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00566-00285549-00285951 Many operators understand this. Phase two being more, more complex, how do we clean r0Z-2-pNvg4-00567-00285951-00286350 up the historical mess that's been created by prior operations. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00568-00286350-00286687 >>Yeah, and it should worry you all a little bit. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00569-00286687-00287659 The Superfund story, in a nutshell, is that, uh, in an era prior to regulation--I'm overstating r0Z-2-pNvg4-00570-00287659-00288419 this--but in the era decades prior to regulation, a lot of pollution was created. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00571-00288419-00288834 And so when it came time to say, wait, that's a big problem. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00572-00288834-00289358 We need to solve that problem. There was then, the question of who's gonna r0Z-2-pNvg4-00573-00289358-00290124 pay. And Superfund involved a mechanism that was r0Z-2-pNvg4-00574-00290124-00290888 upsetting to a lot of people, which was basically a reliance on what's called joint and several r0Z-2-pNvg4-00575-00290888-00291512 liability, which it wasn't market share liability, although that could play a role. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00576-00291512-00292110 Basically, if you had deep pockets, if you were still in business, if you could pay, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00577-00292110-00292836 you were in principle on the hook for anything, the government could get out of you. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00578-00292836-00293233 So it's a cautionary tale. I think there is a definite analogy here. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00579-00293233-00294171 If I were in the industry, it would be a motivation for me to get really in front of this problem. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00580-00294171-00294979 Because if there comes a time where the, you know, global institutions decide we have got r0Z-2-pNvg4-00581-00294979-00295557 to solve this legacy problem, they're going to start searching for responsible parties, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00582-00295557-00296468 and that can be very expensive, even for the deepest pocket, leading companies. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00583-00296468-00297428 >>All right, so thank you. Challenges of, um, of balancing appropriate r0Z-2-pNvg4-00584-00297428-00297958 government role versus encouraging and allowing industry activity to continue, right, is something r0Z-2-pNvg4-00585-00297958-00298340 that is fundamental. And I think the questions we're looking at r0Z-2-pNvg4-00586-00298340-00298771 is clearly, ah, a discussion that we could pull out of that experience. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00587-00298771-00299795 All right, um, so I'm going to pose this one to everyone, that kind of relates to something r0Z-2-pNvg4-00588-00299795-00300154 that we're talking about in this panel, but also the prior panel. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00589-00300154-00300959 And that is the role of standards and standards for behavior and industry, voluntary commitment r0Z-2-pNvg4-00590-00300959-00301729 standards, verse allowing innovation and allowing new activities to continue and to not become r0Z-2-pNvg4-00591-00301729-00302487 overly, overly specific. Um, so, as entities develop standards or norms r0Z-2-pNvg4-00592-00302487-00302940 for responsible behavior in space, do we have any concern about that being a, an activity r0Z-2-pNvg4-00593-00302940-00303708 that becomes anticompetitive or leads towards particular, um, standards, entrepreneurs or r0Z-2-pNvg4-00594-00303708-00304285 innovators dominating things for their own, for their own benefit? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00595-00304285-00304685 So the question is, how do we bal--do standards contribute to innovation or do they help us r0Z-2-pNvg4-00596-00304685-00305265 think about being responsible, or are they a concern around, um, around limitations? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00597-00305265-00305750 >>Yes. (laughter) Just quickly. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00598-00305750-00306196 Again. This is a fascinating question. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00599-00306196-00306869 Sorry to keep using all these analogies, but, um, you know this this-- in the auto industry, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00600-00306869-00307569 for example, fuel economy standards. The industry leaders can, in principle, at r0Z-2-pNvg4-00601-00307569-00308137 least use tight fuel economy standards as a barrier to entry to reduce competition. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00602-00308137-00308678 I'm not gonna go so far as to say that's anti-competitive in a legal sense. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00603-00308678-00309322 But there is a close connection and intertwinement between competitive advantage and standard r0Z-2-pNvg4-00604-00309322-00309578 setting definitely. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00605-00309578-00310256 >>So, Chris and Nishant, maybe for you, is acting responsibly as a new operator, is that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00606-00310256-00310559 a competitive advantage? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00607-00310559-00311444 >>CHRIS: Um, I think right now there's still an inclination for people to cheat, um, and r0Z-2-pNvg4-00608-00311444-00311817 to cut corners. So I think that suggests the answer right r0Z-2-pNvg4-00609-00311817-00312347 now is no. But, you know, I think I have observed that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00610-00312347-00312690 at least people who have grown up in this industry typically behave responsibly. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00611-00312690-00313339 Um, you know, nice that they're not cheating. But I do think we need to change that. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00612-00313339-00314126 And then on the standards part--yeah, I would be reluctant to say--see, one of the burgeoning r0Z-2-pNvg4-00613-00314126-00314889 upcoming space debris removal companies um, you know, patent their connector and mandate r0Z-2-pNvg4-00614-00314889-00315312 that everybody use that connector and have them have a monopoly on that. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00615-00315312-00315604 Because, frankly, we need the tow trucks, right? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00616-00315604-00316004 We need--we need lots of trucks. We need every country to have a tow truck. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00617-00316004-00316500 And so I think that's one thing where we might want to avoid monopolistic behavior. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00618-00316500-00316829 Now, if you built the thing and you get to fly it, that's great. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00619-00316829-00317583 But you shouldn't stop other people from also launching their tow trucks, um, and cleaning r0Z-2-pNvg4-00620-00317583-00317779 up mess as well. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00621-00317779-00318252 >>So one of the other things that Secure World's involved in is facilitating an industry group r0Z-2-pNvg4-00622-00318252-00318647 looking at standards and best practices for satellite servicing, known as the Consortium r0Z-2-pNvg4-00623-00318647-00319136 for Execution of Rendezvous and Servicing Operations or CONFERS, and that's a discussion r0Z-2-pNvg4-00624-00319136-00319514 we're having, Chris, in that group, is that we see interfaces and interoperability as r0Z-2-pNvg4-00625-00319514-00320187 an important future enabling factor for this on orbit infrastructure and on orbit servicing r0Z-2-pNvg4-00626-00320187-00320371 development. So how do we facilitate that conversation r0Z-2-pNvg4-00627-00320371-00320672 that allows, you know, individual business models to progress? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00628-00320672-00321139 But you have that, that commonality of functions. And so that's an ongoing conversation. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00629-00321139-00321520 But it's a very interesting and important one. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00630-00321520-00322069 Another thing that you just hit on--so is there a business advantage to being a responsible r0Z-2-pNvg4-00631-00322069-00322453 actor, and he said, no, you see people in the industry are thinking about this, and r0Z-2-pNvg4-00632-00322453-00322804 we talked about people coming in from outside of industry that maybe are not as familiar. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00633-00322804-00323522 It seems this is an element of culture there, right? Of corporate culture, of industry culture, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00634-00323522-00324068 and so, um, you know, sustainability--space sustainability has an operational impact. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00635-00324068-00324634 But how do we--can we design or encourage firms to think about it from a culture standpoint? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00636-00324634-00325201 What mechanisms can be considered for that? I'd be curious to hear--I don't want to put r0Z-2-pNvg4-00637-00325201-00325414 this all on Chris. But I'd be curious to hear reactions from r0Z-2-pNvg4-00638-00325414-00325554 the other panelists is as well. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00639-00325554-00325867 >>CHRIS: Why doesn't someone else go first. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00640-00325867-00326626 >>NISHANT: I mean, I can address part of that one. You know, typically space operators that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00641-00326626-00327380 are seeking to ensure risks, whether they be in LEO, GEO, wherever they may be in space, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00642-00327380-00328026 you know--my job is to understand what their business plan is from a technical perspective, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00643-00328026-00328776 financial, insurance, et cetera. So there's a big--there's a, there's a large r0Z-2-pNvg4-00644-00328776-00329371 process of asking questions that are very detailed and seeing how those answers are r0Z-2-pNvg4-00645-00329371-00330059 responded to. Typically when we say, you know, are these actors behaving responsibly? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00646-00330059-00330460 The fact that they're even seeking insurance to me is an indicator that they are being r0Z-2-pNvg4-00647-00330460-00330925 responsible. So, so that's a positive sign in and of itself. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00648-00330925-00331411 The challenge is for the risk that I don't see, that I don't get to evaluate. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00649-00331411-00331967 And right now, because the industry is moving at such a--broadening at such a fast pace, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00650-00331967-00332462 it's difficult to see who is the good actor and who isn't--that not so good actor. Because r0Z-2-pNvg4-00651-00332462-00332930 I tend not to think that anybody is really a bad actor, because if you're investing money r0Z-2-pNvg4-00652-00332930-00333333 and effort and resources and building the right teams and putting assets into space, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00653-00333333-00333815 you're going to do it, at some point, to some level of responsibility. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00654-00333815-00334257 To me, it's when I see the risk. Then I look at it, then I can evaluate. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00655-00334257-00334866 Okay, how responsible are you being versus are you being responsible or not. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00656-00334866-00335427 >>So that that comes back to--I've heard other people, I think primarily in the context of r0Z-2-pNvg4-00657-00335427-00335805 the space sustainability rating, you know, good behavior is the baseline, and what we're r0Z-2-pNvg4-00658-00335805-00336320 trying to do is incentivize behavior beyond, beyond that, right? So um, appreciate that. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00659-00336320-00337049 All right, um, I can pick up on that, a question that, that I am asking from moderator's prerogative. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00660-00337049-00337574 In encouraging people to stay on that good behavior baseline--and I want everybody to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00661-00337574-00338270 answer this--um, what is more effective? Shaming bad behavior or diversions from that baseline r0Z-2-pNvg4-00662-00338270-00338790 or highlighting incentivizing, um, better behavior? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00663-00338790-00339529 >>FRANCESCA: So if I can, if I can start. Um, so somehow operations in space are quite r0Z-2-pNvg4-00664-00339529-00340087 transparent, in the sense that it's not so difficult to spot who's maneuvering and who r0Z-2-pNvg4-00665-00340087-00340391 is not. And in fact, the, say, the bad actors or the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00666-00340391-00341253 most dangerous objects are actually well known. Um, however, this has not bean particularly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00667-00341253-00341741 helpful in these last years if we look at the level of compliance to mitigation measures r0Z-2-pNvg4-00668-00341741-00342284 that I mentioned at the beginning. And this is exactly why with the space sustainability r0Z-2-pNvg4-00669-00342284-00342794 rating we're trying to shift this attitude towards instead, trying to highlight good r0Z-2-pNvg4-00670-00342794-00343391 behavior and spot, put in the spotlight the operators that are responsible, because we r0Z-2-pNvg4-00671-00343391-00344121 think that in this way, this can serve also to present positive examples of ah, technological r0Z-2-pNvg4-00672-00344121-00344720 or operational solutions that have been--have proved to be successful in terms of debris r0Z-2-pNvg4-00673-00344720-00345343 mitigation. So that's why we want to go in the direction r0Z-2-pNvg4-00674-00345343-00345717 of yes, promoting the good behavior. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00675-00345717-00346200 >>Anyone else? Shaming or calling out positive behavior? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00676-00346200-00346300 >>CHRIS: Yeah-- r0Z-2-pNvg4-00677-00346300-00346400 >>JIM: Yeah-- r0Z-2-pNvg4-00678-00346400-00346619 >>CHRIS: Oh, go ahead. Go ahead, Jim. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00679-00346619-00347080 >>JIM: Okay. I'd like to, uh, uh, take it in a slightly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00680-00347080-00348192 different direction, and not answer your question. I think--one thought I'm having is, um, who's r0Z-2-pNvg4-00681-00348192-00348673 doing the shaming and the rewarding is an important question. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00682-00348673-00349752 Um, and this relates to the power of, kinda, consumer attitudes and consumer demand, the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00683-00349752-00350553 way people in a supply chain, for example, will reward socially responsible behavior r0Z-2-pNvg4-00684-00350553-00351298 or not. And a question I have for your community--that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00685-00351298-00352156 shame and reward thing tends to work really well when the consumer sees very clearly um, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00686-00352156-00352705 a connection between what they're buying and what the problem is. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00687-00352705-00353216 So, you know, conflict free diamonds would be an example there. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00688-00353216-00353827 I'm having a harder time--I don't think that at the consumer level, there's an awareness r0Z-2-pNvg4-00689-00353827-00354151 of that connection to what's happening in orbit. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00690-00354151-00354742 I mean, I'll use myself as an example. If, let's assume StarLink is screwing something r0Z-2-pNvg4-00691-00354742-00355256 up up there--am I part of StarLink's supply chain? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00692-00355256-00355602 I have no idea. And so I'll just throw that out there as an r0Z-2-pNvg4-00693-00355602-00356241 important thing to think about is, who's actually doing the shaming or the rewarding and how r0Z-2-pNvg4-00694-00356241-00356556 strong is that connection gonna be felt. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00695-00356556-00356753 >>IAN: Go ahead, Chris. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00696-00356753-00357336 >>CHRIS: Yeah, so I mean, there was one notable example last year of someone who did cheat, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00697-00357336-00357871 which was Swarm, and I mention them by name because I believe that having at least one r0Z-2-pNvg4-00698-00357871-00358572 notable example of something that is considered fairly aberrant in our community is great r0Z-2-pNvg4-00699-00358572-00358898 because it scares the crap out of everybody else. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00700-00358898-00359483 And I think it did scare a lot of people. And my observation in speaking to other people r0Z-2-pNvg4-00701-00359483-00360106 was just that they reinforce the 'I can't believe that, that's really bad.' And that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00702-00360106-00360535 little neuron that flips and gets re-communicated to other people, which is that it's really r0Z-2-pNvg4-00703-00360535-00360975 bad is really important. So I think there is an element of public shame r0Z-2-pNvg4-00704-00360975-00361341 that is valuable. That said, if you have people that are marginal, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00705-00361341-00361823 where they're like, they just don't know how it works, there's no real value in shaming r0Z-2-pNvg4-00706-00361823-00362254 those people. They just--that's where you really want to just encourage them, hold the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00707-00362254-00362672 hand through the process, explain, invite them in and--I think we already talked about r0Z-2-pNvg4-00708-00362672-00363048 earlier, you know, educate them. I think that's the primary toolkit. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00709-00363048-00363446 >>Keeps coming back to that education awareness piece, right? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00710-00363446-00363835 Yes, that's the critical element of this. Jim, thank you for--I think you just raised r0Z-2-pNvg4-00711-00363835-00364234 a very good point. The space industry is not yet a particularly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00712-00364234-00364697 consumer, individual, consumer-driven market. It's a government driven market. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00713-00364697-00365181 It's a business driven market. But in terms of end use consumers, it's very much several r0Z-2-pNvg4-00714-00365181-00365662 steps removed, right, you may be using maybe watching direct TV or something or using GPS r0Z-2-pNvg4-00715-00365662-00366006 on your phone, right, but your connection to the orbital, the orbital environment and r0Z-2-pNvg4-00716-00366006-00366241 the risks thereof is fairly removed. Right? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00717-00366241-00366684 So I think that is a--that is a challenge that we do face in terms of who's doing--where r0Z-2-pNvg4-00718-00366684-00367281 the pressure is coming from, very much so. Nishant, anything to add to this? Ready for r0Z-2-pNvg4-00719-00367281-00367400 the next one? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00720-00367400-00367935 >>Yeah, I think from an insurance perspective, you know, one of the principles you know, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00721-00367935-00368253 just the law of large numbers, right? It dictates that the losses of the few are r0Z-2-pNvg4-00722-00368253-00368749 paid by the many. So inherently, I think that buyers of insurance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00723-00368749-00369333 are incentivized to behave responsively--responsibly, to do the right things that they need to do r0Z-2-pNvg4-00724-00369333-00369888 when they face technical challenges or business challenges to to de-risk their profile. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00725-00369888-00370377 And if they do that, you know that that benefits them. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00726-00370377-00370801 And it benefits the next guy buying insurance or the next guy buying insurance. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00727-00370801-00371518 Although when you have an issue, depending on how that issue played out, that's, that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00728-00371518-00372138 pain is actually felt not just by the customer dealing with the claim, but also by the future r0Z-2-pNvg4-00729-00372138-00372649 customers that have similar risk profiles. So I think, you know, calling out the good r0Z-2-pNvg4-00730-00372649-00373531 behavior is the right way to build that reserve of premium that's--ultimately, you know, there r0Z-2-pNvg4-00731-00373531-00374111 will be claims, we all have to expect that. And if everybody behaves responsibly then r0Z-2-pNvg4-00732-00374111-00374674 that pool grows and it is able to cover and create a sustainable insurance community. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00733-00374674-00375353 >>Yeah, thank you. I think it's an indicator in and of itself of success, right is growing r0Z-2-pNvg4-00734-00375353-00375946 that pool and that available purchase. All right, so I got about 10 minutes left r0Z-2-pNvg4-00735-00375946-00376758 here. Gonna go back down to some some detail level questions here before we wrap up. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00736-00376758-00377285 The first one here from the audience member has to do, um, with that, with a very core r0Z-2-pNvg4-00737-00377285-00377718 trend that we're seeing in our industry, which is the emergence of these very large, often r0Z-2-pNvg4-00738-00377718-00378132 called megaconstellations in low earth orbits. Jim, you mentioned, StarLink, right, that's r0Z-2-pNvg4-00739-00378132-00378642 one of the key examples. Amazon, OneWeb, some others. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00740-00378642-00379253 The question is, and it's interestingly phrased, it's phrased as--why cannot or why can't we r0Z-2-pNvg4-00741-00379253-00379724 have some international body like the International Telecommunications Union, govern the allocation r0Z-2-pNvg4-00742-00379724-00380179 of orbital altitudes in a model similar to air traffic control? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00743-00380179-00380765 Is that, um, is that a model that we should be, we should be looking at, or is that something r0Z-2-pNvg4-00744-00380765-00381375 that is probably beyond need or reason at this time? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00745-00381375-00382066 >>FRANCESCA: So from the, from the technical perspective, we look at the example of ITU r0Z-2-pNvg4-00746-00382066-00382877 as an inspiration and we ask ourself how this could be reflected in terms of allocation, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00747-00382877-00383405 even if from our perspective, we don't think that an allocation based on altitude, ah, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00748-00383405-00383920 it's maybe the most, ah, appropriate one. But for example, with this idea that I mentioned r0Z-2-pNvg4-00749-00383920-00384533 in the beginning, when we look at the impact of a mission, what we do is--what we try, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00750-00384533-00385112 what we can try to do is to understand which is the maximum capacity of the environment, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00751-00385112-00385663 we call it. So, which is the number and the type of missions that are compatible with r0Z-2-pNvg4-00752-00385663-00385875 a stable evolution of the environment over time. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00753-00385875-00386273 So to avoid that we have a condition where we do have this exponential growth in the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00754-00386273-00386872 number of objects. And our idea, and we are doing some research and some activities on r0Z-2-pNvg4-00755-00386872-00387493 this topic, is exactly how you can start from this concept to then derive an allocation r0Z-2-pNvg4-00756-00387493-00388261 mechanism that can take this into account and be sure that the new missions that are r0Z-2-pNvg4-00757-00388261-00388753 launched are within these boundaries, so that also in the future it would be possible to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00758-00388753-00389059 have sustainable operations. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00759-00389059-00389798 >>Transparency and measurement then an understanding and then think about what regulatory changes r0Z-2-pNvg4-00760-00389798-00390250 or anything needs to be made. That seems to be a reasonable perspective. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00761-00390250-00390961 So, Nishant, I have an insurance specific question, so this one's got to go to you. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00762-00390961-00391283 Cyber security is something that we're seeing more attention to in the space community right r0Z-2-pNvg4-00763-00391283-00391653 now, we just saw in the last few days the Trump Administration came out with an executive r0Z-2-pNvg4-00764-00391653-00392394 order relative to this topic. So the question is, how does the insurance sector look at r0Z-2-pNvg4-00765-00392394-00392804 cyber issues for satellite operations? Do you provide insurance specifically for r0Z-2-pNvg4-00766-00392804-00393311 cyber security risks, or is it too hard to estimate the cost and risk level associated r0Z-2-pNvg4-00767-00393311-00393411 with that? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00768-00393411-00393581 >>NISHANT: Thanks, Ian. Yeah. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00769-00393581-00394299 Yeah, It's--this actually is one of the growing risk concerns in the space insurance industry r0Z-2-pNvg4-00770-00394299-00394941 today has it recently, actually that the risk is actually excluded for some very specific r0Z-2-pNvg4-00771-00394941-00395489 language that's in the policy wordings today. You know, doesit make it hard to estimate r0Z-2-pNvg4-00772-00395489-00395921 the costs? It still does. It is hard to estimate the cost, especially r0Z-2-pNvg4-00773-00395921-00396601 when the security posture of a lot of the companies that we evaluate are different. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00774-00396601-00397339 We have, I think, a lot of space buyers today that come seeking insurance will now start r0Z-2-pNvg4-00775-00397339-00397846 getting used to seeing questions that are related to cyber as the broader space insurance r0Z-2-pNvg4-00776-00397846-00398404 industry tries to understand what that risk actually is. And because it varies so greatly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00777-00398404-00398941 between operators, it's difficult to establish what that baseline, um, coverage should look r0Z-2-pNvg4-00778-00398941-00399375 like and what that pricing in concert should look like as well. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00779-00399375-00399999 So it is--today it is excluded--not to say that, you know, in the future, if we understand r0Z-2-pNvg4-00780-00399999-00400614 it better that that couldn't be put back in to cover. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00781-00400614-00401375 >>Okay, thank you. Thank you for that. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00782-00401375-00402445 Let's see, just kind of scanning through the last questions here, um, that we need to talk r0Z-2-pNvg4-00783-00402445-00403125 about. Alright, uh, so this may be, this may be a question that is rather difficult to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00784-00403125-00403806 answer, but, um, we're talking primarily about responsible operations in the context of current r0Z-2-pNvg4-00785-00403806-00404329 environmental challenges, current space sustainability challenges, and current business and technical r0Z-2-pNvg4-00786-00404329-00404623 practices, right. So we're talking about responding to our current r0Z-2-pNvg4-00787-00404623-00405068 environment. Is there any way in which we can model or r0Z-2-pNvg4-00788-00405068-00405764 think about future practices that we should be thinking about now to mitigate potential r0Z-2-pNvg4-00789-00405764-00406139 future problems? So, um, I used to be a, I used to be a market r0Z-2-pNvg4-00790-00406139-00406556 forecast consultant, and our job was to was to forecast the future, and I could tell you r0Z-2-pNvg4-00791-00406556-00406825 every single study that we delivered was wrong, right? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00792-00406825-00407192 Because you can take the best guess, but you can't, you know, you don't know the future. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00793-00407192-00408105 But how, um how do we think about designing now for challenges in the future? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00794-00408105-00409026 Is that something that we consider? If I've ended the panel on a stumper, you r0Z-2-pNvg4-00795-00409026-00409126 can tell me that as well. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00796-00409126-00409435 >>CHRIS: Yeah. I mean, I--I agree with you about us being r0Z-2-pNvg4-00797-00409435-00410193 wrong about our predictions. I, um I had not expected StarLink to actually r0Z-2-pNvg4-00798-00410193-00410658 launch that many satellites. Um, you know, I didn't really think any of r0Z-2-pNvg4-00799-00410658-00411092 the megaconstellations would really show up. So StarLink at their launch rate is actually r0Z-2-pNvg4-00800-00411092-00411577 on track to possibly launch 10 to 20,000 satellites over the next few years, which is an absolutely r0Z-2-pNvg4-00801-00411577-00411925 astounding number of satellites. And I just don't think we're prepared for r0Z-2-pNvg4-00802-00411925-00412298 that, because none of us thought anyone was really gonna get the money to do it. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00803-00412298-00413194 Um, so I think we're behind. So even catching up is mostly what we talked about today. And r0Z-2-pNvg4-00804-00413194-00413833 then the, um, the future stuff. You know, maybe we need to start modeling r0Z-2-pNvg4-00805-00413833-00414317 worst cases. And we could have, five years ago, actually built the laws and regulations r0Z-2-pNvg4-00806-00414317-00414678 around megaconstellations. But then I've observed there's a reticence r0Z-2-pNvg4-00807-00414678-00415097 to do that because it doesn't seem real. But we should have. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00808-00415097-00415508 Maybe we should take a lesson from that and actually plan around what we imagine to be r0Z-2-pNvg4-00809-00415508-00415933 future cases, even if at the time they seem unlikely. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00810-00415933-00416750 >>FRANCESCA: And if I can, I can add on this. These approaches that I mentioned before, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00811-00416750-00417260 when we look at the, I said with this impact assessment, we want to have more granularity r0Z-2-pNvg4-00812-00417260-00417733 with respect to just checking the compliance to mitigation guidelines, it's exactly to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00813-00417733-00417951 go in this direction. We think that with this approach we can be r0Z-2-pNvg4-00814-00417951-00418575 a bit more future proof, because if we just look at for example, at the number of objects r0Z-2-pNvg4-00815-00418575-00419226 that are in orbit or this kind of classical assessment, we may have only a partial representation r0Z-2-pNvg4-00816-00419226-00419890 of the current situation, which does not really translate in how sustainable are operations r0Z-2-pNvg4-00817-00419890-00420146 in the future. So it's, from a technical point of view, we r0Z-2-pNvg4-00818-00420146-00420843 are trying to reformulate the problem so that we can a bit more flexible in analysis of r0Z-2-pNvg4-00819-00420843-00421094 future scenarios. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00820-00421094-00421929 >>IAN: Flexibility, um, flexibility is, is always important, right? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00821-00421929-00422688 Um, all right, so we've got, um about four minutes here, so it's ah, it's time for kind r0Z-2-pNvg4-00822-00422688-00423567 of a wrap up, and, um, and closing thoughts. I think--what I'm thinking about as the moderator r0Z-2-pNvg4-00823-00423567-00424011 after this, is really going back to the awareness and education aspect of this. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00824-00424011-00424509 I think that has been something that each of the panelists has mentioned at some point r0Z-2-pNvg4-00825-00424509-00425242 in this, um in this conversation. And I think that is, um, a key thing that we need to do r0Z-2-pNvg4-00826-00425242-00425726 as a community, is just be sure that we are, um, effectively communicating about where r0Z-2-pNvg4-00827-00425726-00426205 the challenges to sustainability of the orbital environment are and that there are obligations r0Z-2-pNvg4-00828-00426205-00426757 that we have as a community to respond to them. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00829-00426757-00427615 So the question that I'm delaying to give myself time to formulate here is, um, what r0Z-2-pNvg4-00830-00427615-00428367 is--the what is the core of the business incentive that will cause operators to act responsibly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00831-00428367-00428878 and not require regulation to do that? Um, and I think each of you may have a slightly r0Z-2-pNvg4-00832-00428878-00429310 different perspective on that, but I'd be--I'd be curious to hear your concluding thoughts r0Z-2-pNvg4-00833-00429310-00429780 on what is the core business incentive for responsible operations here? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00834-00429780-00430821 >>JIM: Well, one is to forestall future, less flexible, more draconian regulation. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00835-00430821-00431271 Um, and then I'd also point out regulation is many things. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00836-00431271-00432247 And I guess I would encourage the community to think about regulatory foundations that--whether r0Z-2-pNvg4-00837-00432247-00432850 they're supporting the insurance industry, whether they're supporting flexible, market r0Z-2-pNvg4-00838-00432850-00433743 based orbital allocations--even though those are flexible and market driven, they work r0Z-2-pNvg4-00839-00433743-00434569 best when there is a governmental or regulatory foundation to kind of oil the machine, if r0Z-2-pNvg4-00840-00434569-00434903 you will. And so don't just think of regulation as this r0Z-2-pNvg4-00841-00434903-00435255 very heavy handed thing that's telling you all what you have to do. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00842-00435255-00436071 It can also be a foundation for a lot of, I think, the flexibility and efficiency you're r0Z-2-pNvg4-00843-00436071-00436338 going after as a community. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00844-00436338-00436696 >>Okay, Chris, anything to add to that? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00845-00436696-00437143 >>CHRIS: Yeah. So I'm a, you know, technologist at heart. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00846-00437143-00437582 And you know, when given an option, I'd always prefer to take a technological solution than r0Z-2-pNvg4-00847-00437582-00437953 a legal or regulatory one. And so one of the things we did at Planet r0Z-2-pNvg4-00848-00437953-00438671 was we designed a low speed radio that has very wide beam that is very easy to use. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00849-00438671-00439110 And one of the advantages of this radio is that, for instance, Planet--when Planet drops r0Z-2-pNvg4-00850-00439110-00439569 40, 50 satellites out into orbit at once, particularly on a ride share where there might r0Z-2-pNvg4-00851-00439569-00440157 be another 80 satellites, Planet is always able to find all of its satellites within r0Z-2-pNvg4-00852-00440157-00440726 five minutes, ID them, get positive contact with them and then send its--get refined TLEs r0Z-2-pNvg4-00853-00440726-00441284 from our GPS and then send those back into the community so that people can say, well, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00854-00441284-00441732 those 40 we know are Planet, so we know ours is this. But other actors, I observed, sometimes r0Z-2-pNvg4-00855-00441732-00442186 spend two weeks sort of hunting, for theirs, not sure which object is theirs, not really r0Z-2-pNvg4-00856-00442186-00442742 steering the antenna correctly, so the business incentive for that is that you can, you know, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00857-00442742-00443121 you can find your satellite. You're not stuck with a lost in space situation. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00858-00443121-00443507 You could get your mission up and running sooner, and you can avoid collisions with r0Z-2-pNvg4-00859-00443507-00443843 other people and not lose your assets in that crazy mayhem of the launch. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00860-00443843-00444399 So that's one example of a technological tool that helps everybody, provides information r0Z-2-pNvg4-00861-00444399-00444892 to other operators so they can ID their satellites and move them out of the way and get control r0Z-2-pNvg4-00862-00444892-00445092 of them. Everybody wins from that. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00863-00445092-00445431 But it's a simple radio. And so there are little things like that that r0Z-2-pNvg4-00864-00445431-00445909 I think should be possibly mandated, maybe regulation can assist in making them adopted, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00865-00445909-00446423 but at the end of the day, we open sourced this radio design because we thought it was r0Z-2-pNvg4-00866-00446423-00446721 valuable for everybody. Um, and so people should just use it because r0Z-2-pNvg4-00867-00446721-00447038 it's actually better for your mission. And so all of the other things that we're r0Z-2-pNvg4-00868-00447038-00447432 talking about here today are side effects. But you can actually put your own self interest r0Z-2-pNvg4-00869-00447432-00447873 first and say, gee, I wish I could find my satellite quickly and get positive control r0Z-2-pNvg4-00870-00447873-00448340 and get on with my job, and you can do that and benefit everyone at the same time. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00871-00448340-00448784 So this is not a--it shouldn't be a cost to people to be a good, to be a good actor. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00872-00448784-00449021 In fact, it could be beneficial. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00873-00449021-00449551 >>Nishant, Francesca, any quick closing thoughts? r0Z-2-pNvg4-00874-00449551-00450203 >>NISHANT: Sure, as Chris mentioned, I mean, good behavior shouldn't come at a cost. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00875-00450203-00450957 There is a price but, you know, entrepreneur mindset, you know, they're success oriented. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00876-00450957-00451467 The insurance expense line item on, you know, that they're thinking about, may not even r0Z-2-pNvg4-00877-00451467-00451980 be contemplated until after they've raised maybe a couple rounds of funding, until the r0Z-2-pNvg4-00878-00451980-00452431 risk becomes real to them, the risk of loss really becomes real, and then they consider r0Z-2-pNvg4-00879-00452431-00452850 insurance. Not to say that that's too late, by any means. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00880-00452850-00453382 But if they start thinking about it earlier on, coordinating more with the investors, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00881-00453382-00453873 with the insurance community, and getting a feel for what that risk and how it develops r0Z-2-pNvg4-00882-00453873-00454473 and changes over time as the business grows, looks like, that's what we really need to r0Z-2-pNvg4-00883-00454473-00454664 focus on. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00884-00454664-00455323 >>FRANCESCA: And on my side, to connect to what James was saying before, so I also think r0Z-2-pNvg4-00885-00455323-00455951 that the regulatory requirements are really important, but for um, operators it's also r0Z-2-pNvg4-00886-00455951-00456501 an opportunity--the part of being involved in these best practices definition, as they r0Z-2-pNvg4-00887-00456501-00457189 can really contribute to define what is the new norm, and the more that these action are r0Z-2-pNvg4-00888-00457189-00457630 consolidated and more likely that it would be later on captured in new standards and r0Z-2-pNvg4-00889-00457630-00457933 your guidelines. So it's better to be involved in this process r0Z-2-pNvg4-00890-00457933-00458538 than just be subject to it at the end. So that could be also an incentive to do this r0Z-2-pNvg4-00891-00458538-00458638 kind of behavior. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00892-00458638-00459060 >>All right, well, thank you, everyone. Um, I think that was a very interesting chat, r0Z-2-pNvg4-00893-00459060-00459536 we could probably keep going. I think the message that good good behavior r0Z-2-pNvg4-00894-00459536-00460017 should not have a business cost, but bad behavior probably does is something that we all can r0Z-2-pNvg4-00895-00460017-00460310 take away from this. Um, And with that, I'm going to turn it over r0Z-2-pNvg4-00896-00460310-00460919 to my colleague Krystal for some, um, logistical remarks and on to the next element of our r0Z-2-pNvg4-00897-00460919-00461213 agenda. So once again, thank you everyone on the panel. r0Z-2-pNvg4-00898-00461213-00461408 >>CHRIS: Thanks around, bye. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00000-00001800-00002175 Who are you and what is your relation to this adventure of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00001-00002175-00002300 La Escalera (“The Staircase”)? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00002-00002510-00003045 I’m Rosa Jiménez. I’m from Seville and my background is in the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00003-00003045-00003791 field of caregiving. A few years ago I worked in direct care r2ETUyR7Pt0-00004-00003792-00004414 and currently I work in the design and coordination of social intervention r2ETUyR7Pt0-00005-00004414-00004530 projects. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00006-00004600-00005400 When, where, and why was La Escalera born? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00007-00005458-00005957 The original idea for the project La Escalera was born three years r2ETUyR7Pt0-00008-00005957-00006515 ago in a research group in the caregiving field, a work group r2ETUyR7Pt0-00009-00006515-00007073 that had been in Medialab Prado. Medialab Prado gives grants for interventions r2ETUyR7Pt0-00010-00007073-00007631 and research, and so the grantees were doing intervention projects in the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00011-00007631-00008189 cultural center of Medialab and also later each worked on their research r2ETUyR7Pt0-00012-00008189-00008747 and had a series of work hours to develop it. As part r2ETUyR7Pt0-00013-00008747-00009305 of her research grant, Lorena Ruiz Marcos had different work groups in r2ETUyR7Pt0-00014-00009305-00009863 the caregiving field, in one of which I began working three years r2ETUyR7Pt0-00015-00009863-00010421 ago. One day, in this work group, we were having a meeting r2ETUyR7Pt0-00016-00010421-00010979 and were theorizing about caregiving, imaginaries, responsibility, and commitment, and then Charo r2ETUyR7Pt0-00017-00010979-00011536 showed up, who is the oldest of the group and who worked r2ETUyR7Pt0-00018-00011536-00012094 in centers for seniors. That week, there was sadly recurring news of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00019-00012094-00012652 elderly people found dead in their homes one week, two weeks, seven r2ETUyR7Pt0-00020-00012652-00013210 months later. Charo was really affected by this and then slammed a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00021-00013210-00013768 fist down on the table, but with love, and said, “What are r2ETUyR7Pt0-00022-00013768-00014326 you doing here with these theoretical matters? What needs to be done r2ETUyR7Pt0-00023-00014326-00014884 is to end this reality.” And I remember that, with anger, she r2ETUyR7Pt0-00024-00014884-00015442 said that what needed to be done was to hold the community r2ETUyR7Pt0-00025-00015442-00016000 chairpeople accountable for what happens in their community. It wasn’t a soothing r2ETUyR7Pt0-00026-00016000-00016558 proposal or measure, it was more like an outburst, but I left r2ETUyR7Pt0-00027-00016558-00017115 that meeting turning the issue over in my mind until I sort r2ETUyR7Pt0-00028-00017115-00017673 of changed the question from, “What can be asked of someone who r2ETUyR7Pt0-00029-00017673-00018231 occupies the chair of a community?” to “What can be asked of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00030-00018231-00018789 a neighborhood community?” That same night, I made the first draft of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00031-00018789-00019347 La Escalera. I presented it as a Medialab project. At that time, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00032-00019347-00019905 I thought that the best thing to bring to La Escalera was r2ETUyR7Pt0-00033-00019905-00020463 the perspective of sociological research in order to be able to record r2ETUyR7Pt0-00034-00020463-00021021 everything well and at some point that the fruits of this experiment, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00035-00021021-00021579 uncertain at that time because we didn’t know at all where it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00036-00021579-00022137 would lead, that at some point it would have a part or r2ETUyR7Pt0-00037-00022137-00022694 the whole thing be replicable, scalable, or adaptable to different environments and r2ETUyR7Pt0-00038-00022694-00023252 objectives. So it was approved in July of the past year, something r2ETUyR7Pt0-00039-00023252-00023810 that I couldn’t believe, and September 1st of 2016 is when the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00040-00023810-00024368 project of La Escalera actually started, from September until the 31st of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00041-00024368-00024926 March. We gave it a timeline of seven months. During the first r2ETUyR7Pt0-00042-00024926-00025484 two months I was principally interviewing chairpeople of the community, property managers, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00043-00025484-00026042 caregivers, and residents. And later the public part of La Escalera began: r2ETUyR7Pt0-00044-00026042-00026600 posters, stickers, outreach, and the search for participation. We wanted to work r2ETUyR7Pt0-00045-00026600-00027158 with five communities, we didn’t even think it would be possible, in r2ETUyR7Pt0-00046-00027158-00027716 fact we thought it would be quite difficult, but it was very r2ETUyR7Pt0-00047-00027716-00028273 easy to do five and even many more and that’s where the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00048-00028273-00028600 project of La Escalera really took off. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00049-00028600-00029200 What’s the legal structure of La Escalera? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00050-00029264-00029782 In legal terms, it’s a non-profit association. It wasn’t that to begin r2ETUyR7Pt0-00051-00029782-00030364 with; when it got started in August of 2016, the association of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00052-00030364-00030945 La Escalera didn’t exist. It was due to the social and mediatic r2ETUyR7Pt0-00053-00030945-00031527 impact that it had and the offers and demands for talks, workshops, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00054-00031527-00032110 ect.- that’s what made me decide that we needed to give it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00055-00032110-00032692 a legal form and the one we chose was basically the most r2ETUyR7Pt0-00056-00032692-00033274 economic and sustainable choice because I didn’t really know why I was r2ETUyR7Pt0-00057-00033274-00033856 doing what I was doing. I knew at the time that it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00058-00033856-00034438 seemed to be the most desirable option, but I didn’t know what r2ETUyR7Pt0-00059-00034438-00035020 it was going to lead to. Right now, we’re playing with various r2ETUyR7Pt0-00060-00035020-00035602 entities to carry out the projects we’re working on. La Escalera, which r2ETUyR7Pt0-00061-00035602-00036184 I head, and two other entities, the sociological research cooperative “Indaga” ( r2ETUyR7Pt0-00062-00036184-00036766 “Investigate”) and the society of communal work “Andecha.” Here in Spain, the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00063-00036766-00037348 legal process kind of drives you to be a non-profit association; well, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00064-00037348-00037930 it's the solution for many projects that are starting up. Later, it's r2ETUyR7Pt0-00065-00037930-00038512 common to convert into a Limited Liability Company or a Corporation or r2ETUyR7Pt0-00066-00038512-00039094 a cooperative, but it's very common to start with the non-profit association r2ETUyR7Pt0-00067-00039094-00039676 because it has less costs and less requirements. Today this triangle that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00068-00039676-00040258 we form with Indaga, Andecha, and La Escalera has to do with r2ETUyR7Pt0-00069-00040258-00040840 the fact that when the project La Escalera started in Medialab, Indaga r2ETUyR7Pt0-00070-00040840-00041422 was the cooperative that supported me. The process of investigation and evaluation r2ETUyR7Pt0-00071-00041422-00042004 is always present in the way I think about projects. I think r2ETUyR7Pt0-00072-00042004-00042586 about a project as I go along, I don´t think about it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00073-00042586-00043168 as something external rather I think about it from within the project r2ETUyR7Pt0-00074-00043168-00043750 itself, which is how Carlos worked, becoming a part of the project r2ETUyR7Pt0-00075-00043750-00044332 La Escalera and not coming from the outside. So we continue with r2ETUyR7Pt0-00076-00044332-00044914 that commitment and that team because it worked well. When La Escalera r2ETUyR7Pt0-00077-00044914-00045496 began to grow and we were only two people behind all of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00078-00045496-00046078 it, and what's more Carlos worked part-time, the cooperative of communal work r2ETUyR7Pt0-00079-00046078-00046660 and participation Andecha began to support us. That's when we saw that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00080-00046660-00047242 this could become a project about intervention and that it could wear r2ETUyR7Pt0-00081-00047242-00047824 different hats: ethical, sustainable, and ecological consumption, mental health, or attention to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00082-00047824-00048406 the vulnerability of old age. Andecha began to support us first freely, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00083-00048406-00048988 with the prospect of future investment, and we began to try to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00084-00048988-00049570 give shape to what had been that first Medialab phase of La r2ETUyR7Pt0-00085-00049570-00050152 Escalera. We gave it shape and began to work through the three r2ETUyR7Pt0-00086-00050152-00050734 different entities, and we obtained a funded project, and all three entities r2ETUyR7Pt0-00087-00050734-00051316 have worked on the project of getting funded. We’re still looking for r2ETUyR7Pt0-00088-00051316-00051800 other funding projects, the three entities each doing their part. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00089-00051800-00052400 What does an “escalera” (in the sense of this project) consist of? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00090-00052466-00052840 I think there are many types of escaleras, but in its day, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00091-00052840-00053280 the original La Escalera consisted of first broadcasting the project on social r2ETUyR7Pt0-00092-00053280-00053721 media, because we didn’t have any other means of communication during that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00093-00053721-00054161 phase. Then, someone would contact us at La Escalera through social media, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00094-00054161-00054602 email, or telephone and say, “I want to start up this experiment r2ETUyR7Pt0-00095-00054602-00055042 in my area.” Every story is personal, for example, there was someone r2ETUyR7Pt0-00096-00055042-00055482 who wanted to do it because their building was being taken up r2ETUyR7Pt0-00097-00055482-00055923 by AirBnB apartments and this person wanted to see if any other r2ETUyR7Pt0-00098-00055923-00056363 residents were left and how to share this problem with them; there r2ETUyR7Pt0-00099-00056363-00056804 were people who had lived in the same property for five years r2ETUyR7Pt0-00100-00056804-00057244 and only knew one of their neighbors and were like, “How is r2ETUyR7Pt0-00101-00057244-00057684 that possible?!” It’s easy to get attached to what La Escalera proposes, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00102-00057684-00058125 at least here in Spain, because people who are in their thirties, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00103-00058125-00058565 many of us in a way grew up in an escalera. A r2ETUyR7Pt0-00104-00058565-00059005 neighbor taking care of you in the 80’s and 90’s was very r2ETUyR7Pt0-00105-00059005-00059446 common. So then it’s very easy to have some story that one r2ETUyR7Pt0-00106-00059446-00059886 wants to get out there and nostalgia easily arises and I think r2ETUyR7Pt0-00107-00059886-00060327 this provokes a lot of attachment to La Escalera. So, as I r2ETUyR7Pt0-00108-00060327-00060767 was saying, we would contact the person and either Carlos or I r2ETUyR7Pt0-00109-00060767-00061208 would go and have a coffee with them; we’d chat for no r2ETUyR7Pt0-00110-00061208-00061648 less than an hour because we were striking up a kind of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00111-00061648-00062088 neighborly relationship with this resident who was inviting us to their community r2ETUyR7Pt0-00112-00062088-00062529 and opening the doors of their community to us. It’s been proven r2ETUyR7Pt0-00113-00062529-00062969 to us that this idea of the door to a community, the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00114-00062969-00063410 door to someone’s private space, is one of the determining agents of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00115-00063410-00063850 what happens or doesn’t happen in a neighborhood community, so it was r2ETUyR7Pt0-00116-00063850-00064290 very meaningful to us that someone would invite us into their community. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00117-00064290-00064731 We’d sit down with them and figure out why they wanted to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00118-00064731-00065171 participate or why they stopped wanting to participate, we’d address their doubts r2ETUyR7Pt0-00119-00065171-00065612 and fears with assurances or without them; for example, “Do we have r2ETUyR7Pt0-00120-00065612-00066052 to get permission from the chair of the community?” Well, I’d say r2ETUyR7Pt0-00121-00066052-00066492 that it’s not necessary to get permission because we’ve made sure that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00122-00066492-00066933 the proposal is innocuous, but that’s not to guarantee that it won’t r2ETUyR7Pt0-00123-00066933-00067373 raise some suspicion. We’ve always let or encouraged the resident that invite r2ETUyR7Pt0-00124-00067373-00067814 us to gauge what end they wanted to accomplish, so if they r2ETUyR7Pt0-00125-00067814-00068254 didn’t want to get permission they have our support and if they r2ETUyR7Pt0-00126-00068254-00068694 did want to get permission, well they also have our support. Our r2ETUyR7Pt0-00127-00068694-00069135 job was to strike up a relationship and get to know the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00128-00069135-00069575 community, get to know the resident who had invited us and then r2ETUyR7Pt0-00129-00069575-00070016 accompany the whole process, responding to things ourselves but also making it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00130-00070016-00070456 communal. We made an email list including all the people who had r2ETUyR7Pt0-00131-00070456-00070896 participated in La Escalera, as long as they gave their permission. The r2ETUyR7Pt0-00132-00070896-00071337 list ended up including 30 different communities. For example, in this group r2ETUyR7Pt0-00133-00071337-00071777 we talked about how upsetting it is when your poster is torn r2ETUyR7Pt0-00134-00071777-00072218 down, something that happens in 30% of cases, and in group we’ve r2ETUyR7Pt0-00135-00072218-00072658 discussed whether to put them back up. Everything was figured out in r2ETUyR7Pt0-00136-00072658-00073098 the email group where everyone would share their worries, joys, or frustrations. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00137-00073098-00073539 When I say that in reality I don’t know if this counts r2ETUyR7Pt0-00138-00073539-00073979 as an escalera or if it’s something else, I say it because r2ETUyR7Pt0-00139-00073979-00074420 in all the months of the adventure that is this project, many r2ETUyR7Pt0-00140-00074420-00074860 people have written us simply saying, “I’m not inspired to start up r2ETUyR7Pt0-00141-00074860-00075300 this project because I’m not at home much, but I went to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00142-00075300-00075741 talk to a woman who lives downstairs who, since I’ve moved here, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00143-00075741-00076181 I’ve thought has maybe been in a difficult situation, and I had r2ETUyR7Pt0-00144-00076181-00076622 never been moved to talk to her before because the situation seemed r2ETUyR7Pt0-00145-00076622-00077062 very delicate, but with this project I was inspired and I had r2ETUyR7Pt0-00146-00077062-00077502 coffee with her and it made me very happy.” Or, for example, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00147-00077502-00077943 there are stories like that of Pesecín that went viral here in r2ETUyR7Pt0-00148-00077943-00078383 Spain. Pesecín’s story is that there was a girl who was 14-years-old, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00149-00078383-00078824 I think, and was going on vacation with her parents for a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00150-00078824-00079264 week, and she had a pet fish, Pesecín. She didn’t have anyone r2ETUyR7Pt0-00151-00079264-00079704 to leave the fish with and she had the idea to leave r2ETUyR7Pt0-00152-00079704-00080145 the fish bowl directly in the doorway with a sign that said, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00153-00080145-00080585 “Hi, I’m Pesecín, I will be here for only a week; this r2ETUyR7Pt0-00154-00080585-00081026 is my food schedule and here is the food. Please, if you r2ETUyR7Pt0-00155-00081026-00081466 change my water or feed me, write a note so that nobody r2ETUyR7Pt0-00156-00081466-00081906 repeats in the same day.” I’m convinced that if a community had r2ETUyR7Pt0-00157-00081906-00082347 been brought the issue of Pesecín to a property owners’ meeting then r2ETUyR7Pt0-00158-00082347-00082787 it would have refused to take care of Pesecín, I doubt if r2ETUyR7Pt0-00159-00082787-00083228 even one person would’ve said yes. But in this way, this community r2ETUyR7Pt0-00160-00083228-00083668 changed Pesecín’s water more times than were necessary as was instructed on r2ETUyR7Pt0-00161-00083668-00084108 the sign. They bought him more food and they left notes about r2ETUyR7Pt0-00162-00084108-00084549 Pesecín. This coincided with the movement of La Escalera and other news r2ETUyR7Pt0-00163-00084549-00084989 about neighborhood processes; to me, all of these are ways to make r2ETUyR7Pt0-00164-00084989-00085430 an escalera. At the beginning La Escalera consisted of putting up a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00165-00085430-00085870 poster and some stickers in the community that were going to serve r2ETUyR7Pt0-00166-00085870-00086310 as an excuse to initiate the conversation and that were going to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00167-00086310-00086751 be the grease that allows contact with the people that are near r2ETUyR7Pt0-00168-00086751-00087191 us but that remain “others” to be less invasive, and in that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00169-00087191-00087632 way to have a vehicle that makes it easier and that sort r2ETUyR7Pt0-00170-00087632-00088072 of gives the push that maybe a person hasn’t found through anything r2ETUyR7Pt0-00171-00088072-00088512 else. Also it’s about enabling the nostalgia, the longing and about how r2ETUyR7Pt0-00172-00088512-00088700 we want things to be. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00173-00088700-00089319 Thinking about 15M, for many collectives/projects (including those that existed before 15M) r2ETUyR7Pt0-00174-00089319-00089938 that movement was a moment of reorganization, of reinvention, of strengthening. What r2ETUyR7Pt0-00175-00089938-00090300 did that moment mean to La Escalera? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00176-00090448-00090856 La Escalera existed before 15M. I, for example, have never been an r2ETUyR7Pt0-00177-00090856-00091413 activist, I mean I’ve known many people who are from those backgrounds, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00178-00091413-00091969 who are activists and have always been, but I’ve never done that. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00179-00091969-00092526 I’ve always been peripheral. I wouldn’t say it had a direct impact r2ETUyR7Pt0-00180-00092526-00093083 more than that I believe that for people of my generation, a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00181-00093083-00093639 historic event like 15M that moved us, it has taught us, has r2ETUyR7Pt0-00182-00093639-00094196 proposed things to us, and has given us tools. I believe that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00183-00094196-00094752 for all of us who have been or are receptive to what r2ETUyR7Pt0-00184-00094752-00095309 15M proposed, it moved us. When 15M was happening, I was working r2ETUyR7Pt0-00185-00095309-00095866 in a cinema from 3:30 in the afternoon until 1 in the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00186-00095866-00096422 morning and the schedule for participating in 15M wasn’t very compatible with r2ETUyR7Pt0-00187-00096422-00096979 the service sector, and even the form that some activist environments took r2ETUyR7Pt0-00188-00096979-00097535 wasn’t very compatible with the service sector. So I didn’t have the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00189-00097535-00098092 opportunity to participate but I doubt very much that I’ll forget at r2ETUyR7Pt0-00190-00098092-00098649 least two of those four years that are considered to be 15M r2ETUyR7Pt0-00191-00098649-00099205 for the rest of my life. I think that it moved us r2ETUyR7Pt0-00192-00099205-00099762 and that that fact is necessarily reflected. I think that, in general, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00193-00099762-00100318 we need to have experiences that allow us to see possibilities that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00194-00100318-00100875 we’ve never seen to be possible before. I’d never thought it possible r2ETUyR7Pt0-00195-00100875-00101432 that this project could be developed, let alone proposed, let alone approved, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00196-00101432-00101988 let alone that this would have anything to do with me, but r2ETUyR7Pt0-00197-00101988-00102545 that changed through the people that I knew in the environment of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00198-00102545-00103101 15M or the people that I knew in Medialab, which shares a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00199-00103101-00103658 certain overlap with 15M. There are small events or large events like r2ETUyR7Pt0-00200-00103658-00104215 15M that move you, opening you up to new horizons and showing r2ETUyR7Pt0-00201-00104215-00104400 you a different perspective. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00202-00104400-00105100 What relationship has La Escalera had with public institutions? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00203-00105288-00105650 Well, the first institution that La Escalera had a relationship with was r2ETUyR7Pt0-00204-00105650-00106200 Medialab Prado. In Medialab Prado we had people that greatly supported us r2ETUyR7Pt0-00205-00106200-00106750 and helped us a lot, like Lorena Ruiz Marcos, who was the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00206-00106750-00107300 lab coordinator of Medialab Prado. Medialab Prado has an open and horizontal r2ETUyR7Pt0-00207-00107300-00107850 style but I believe that when the world is neither open nor r2ETUyR7Pt0-00208-00107850-00108400 horizontal, nothing can be completely open nor horizontal, even if that’s your r2ETUyR7Pt0-00209-00108400-00108950 aim. So Medialab hosts projects that are put into motion, but it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00210-00108950-00109500 doesn’t assist very much. For example, the funding isn’t directly from Medialab, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00211-00109500-00110050 in our case it was form the participation branch of the City r2ETUyR7Pt0-00212-00110050-00110601 Hall of Madrid, and Medialab doesn’t have assistance programs for its projects r2ETUyR7Pt0-00213-00110601-00111151 like other institutions do. So, Medialab for me has been a framework r2ETUyR7Pt0-00214-00111151-00111701 that has made the project possible, but it’s not an institution with r2ETUyR7Pt0-00215-00111701-00112251 which there’s been any shared day-to-day work. It was an open space r2ETUyR7Pt0-00216-00112251-00112801 for me to go to and work if I wanted to organize r2ETUyR7Pt0-00217-00112801-00113351 groups and meetings there, but La Escalera has developed through escaleras, so r2ETUyR7Pt0-00218-00113351-00113901 there hasn’t been a day-to-day relationship with Medialab. Also, when the project r2ETUyR7Pt0-00219-00113901-00114451 had been around for seven months, one possibility would’ve been to continue r2ETUyR7Pt0-00220-00114451-00115001 La Escalera through Medialab itself, but Medialab has a methodology of two r2ETUyR7Pt0-00221-00115001-00115551 weeks of prototyping; that is to say that the type of project r2ETUyR7Pt0-00222-00115551-00116102 that they most support is two weeks of intensive work that results r2ETUyR7Pt0-00223-00116102-00116652 in the prototype for something. A seven-month project isn’t common in Medialab, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00224-00116652-00117202 it was a strange thing to see in Medialab, and in fact, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00225-00117202-00117752 what I saw in that seven-month point of La Escalera was that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00226-00117752-00118302 if we wanted to continue to set up escaleras we needed a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00227-00118302-00118852 project of at least a year. We couldn’t derail an escalera after r2ETUyR7Pt0-00228-00118852-00119402 only three months after its start, although it’s never completely derailed because r2ETUyR7Pt0-00229-00119402-00119952 it takes on a life of its own, but without support you r2ETUyR7Pt0-00230-00119952-00120502 leave it without assistance and you stop giving it structure. The City r2ETUyR7Pt0-00231-00120502-00121052 Halls of Madrid, Bilbao, Barcelona, and Valencia have all at some point r2ETUyR7Pt0-00232-00121052-00121603 shown interest in using La Escalera or adapting it in some way. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00233-00121603-00122153 The government here in Spain has a lot of trouble helping projects r2ETUyR7Pt0-00234-00122153-00122703 launch nominally, as would be the case for La Escalera. Needless to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00235-00122703-00123253 say, these tools for control are advisable, necessary, and something to be r2ETUyR7Pt0-00236-00123253-00123803 grateful for because if they didn’t exist then there wouldn’t be public r2ETUyR7Pt0-00237-00123803-00124353 convocations. But it means that sometimes a project is no longer supported r2ETUyR7Pt0-00238-00124353-00124903 because they choose others. The legal forms that exist to allow for r2ETUyR7Pt0-00239-00124903-00125453 a continuous relationship are used very little, among other things, I suppose, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00240-00125453-00126003 because they’re budgeted and this budgeting is subject to political contingencies that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00241-00126003-00126553 don’t have a lot to do with administration. It’s been very difficult r2ETUyR7Pt0-00242-00126553-00127104 because to me it seems terrific to influence public policy and for r2ETUyR7Pt0-00243-00127104-00127654 public policies to promote neighborhood communities as resources that are not only r2ETUyR7Pt0-00244-00127654-00128204 to be extracted from but that also should be sustained and supported. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00245-00128204-00128754 The neighborhood community as a resource should be conceived of in that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00246-00128754-00129304 way and if it were, I would withdraw and hope that it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00247-00129304-00129854 would permeate and the public institutions would promote it in that way. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00248-00129854-00130404 But we haven’t been able to do that because we were going r2ETUyR7Pt0-00249-00130404-00130954 to go to five communities and in the end we went to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00250-00130954-00131504 thirty, and we were going to do unseen work but it ended r2ETUyR7Pt0-00251-00131504-00132054 up having all this impact and then the doors opened and we r2ETUyR7Pt0-00252-00132054-00132605 would’ve liked to continue passing on the work because what’s more we r2ETUyR7Pt0-00253-00132605-00133155 haven’t found that the neighborhood communities have done anything completely on their r2ETUyR7Pt0-00254-00133155-00133705 own. This approach is difficult to pass on. The legal format for r2ETUyR7Pt0-00255-00133705-00134255 an agreement with a specific entity, which I think would be the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00256-00134255-00134805 appropriate format in this case, isn’t easy to achieve honestly, that is r2ETUyR7Pt0-00257-00134805-00135355 to say, without nepotism. We need legal innovation and to search for r2ETUyR7Pt0-00258-00135355-00135905 other forms of support. We’re talking a lot here in Spain about r2ETUyR7Pt0-00259-00135905-00136455 the hybridization of the public and social sectors, well we need to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00260-00136455-00137005 actually make the means for this because if we don’t it’ll become r2ETUyR7Pt0-00261-00137006-00137100 something extractive. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00262-00137132-00137900 How did La Escalera maintain itself once its funding was cut off r2ETUyR7Pt0-00263-00137900-00138080 after seven months? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00264-00138080-00138754 We kept working, in my case, through personal loans. I’ve been out r2ETUyR7Pt0-00265-00138754-00139409 of work because on March 31st, my contract that has been financing r2ETUyR7Pt0-00266-00139409-00140063 this ended, and until October 2nd when I’ll be contracted with Andecha, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00267-00140063-00140718 I won’t have any other work. La Escalera heavily depends on me r2ETUyR7Pt0-00268-00140718-00141372 and if I go out to look for a full-time job, well, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00269-00141372-00142027 this adventure will end. So that means that I´ve been living off r2ETUyR7Pt0-00270-00142027-00142681 of my 600 euros from unemployment and a monthly loan from a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00271-00142681-00143336 friend who has become a sponsor. Since September we’ve been working in r2ETUyR7Pt0-00272-00143336-00143990 a frustrating state of precarity because there are 30 communities that we r2ETUyR7Pt0-00273-00143990-00144645 were working with and we can't just abruptly stop accompanying them and r2ETUyR7Pt0-00274-00144645-00145299 end what they’ve been doing. The media, universities, and municipalities continue to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00275-00145299-00145954 contact us and we’ve kept going. In the end, the work that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00276-00145954-00146608 we´ve done has been compensated; I have a humble job in a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00277-00146608-00147263 cooperative involved in community work and we have another project that’s financed r2ETUyR7Pt0-00278-00147263-00147917 by the health department of the City Government of Madrid to work r2ETUyR7Pt0-00279-00147917-00148572 on community health. Carlos also is a part of this project. So r2ETUyR7Pt0-00280-00148572-00149226 something has come of these months of work and effort and that's r2ETUyR7Pt0-00281-00149226-00149500 where we are right now. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00282-00149538-00150146 What could La Escalera have turned into, and what has it actually r2ETUyR7Pt0-00283-00150146-00150252 become? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00284-00150300-00150713 It could have put into motion very interesting projects of mediation in r2ETUyR7Pt0-00285-00150713-00151226 neighborhood communities, because there weren't any large conflicts. The people who had r2ETUyR7Pt0-00286-00151226-00151739 done La Escalera didn't have huge conflicts, we haven't gotten involved in r2ETUyR7Pt0-00287-00151739-00152253 neighborhood communities where there are issues of social integration. We´ve had a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00288-00152253-00152766 participant profile of thirty-somethings college graduates that are on social media. That's r2ETUyR7Pt0-00289-00152766-00153279 been our profile. So there haven't been huge conflicts, but there have r2ETUyR7Pt0-00290-00153279-00153793 been opportunities to propose very beautiful group processes in communities that we r2ETUyR7Pt0-00291-00153793-00154306 haven't been able to advance them because we were just two people r2ETUyR7Pt0-00292-00154306-00154819 sustaining it all. What we've done is more responding to needs that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00293-00154819-00155333 were arising in communities, above all responding to doubts and fears. As r2ETUyR7Pt0-00294-00155333-00155846 we have a means of investigation and we have in mind the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00295-00155846-00156359 whole umbrella of La Escalera and we know what's going on in r2ETUyR7Pt0-00296-00156359-00156872 other escaleras and we receive a ton of emails with stories, well, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00297-00156872-00157386 we're learning from everyone else in our position as coordinators of these r2ETUyR7Pt0-00298-00157386-00157899 escaleras. This allows us to transmit what we’re learning and start other r2ETUyR7Pt0-00299-00157899-00158412 things, organize meetings, organize gatherings with all the neighbors and stuff like r2ETUyR7Pt0-00300-00158412-00158926 that. But La Escalera could´ve been a lot more than what it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00301-00158926-00159439 has been. In every case of accompaniment we came up against the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00302-00159439-00159952 same problems that you come up against as a neighbor trying to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00303-00159952-00160466 improve your neighborhood relationships: the lack of a space, the lack of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00304-00160466-00160979 time, the lack of a certain culture, that there aren't meetings, that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00305-00160979-00161492 there are only property owners. You come up against the same exact r2ETUyR7Pt0-00306-00161492-00162005 things. For that reason I say that a pilot of La Escalera r2ETUyR7Pt0-00307-00162005-00162519 of real accompaniment for escaleras would need to be a year long r2ETUyR7Pt0-00308-00162519-00163032 and include a team that can be dedicated to making dynamic a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00309-00163032-00163545 space that has been hushed, silent, immutable, and dark. If you want r2ETUyR7Pt0-00310-00163545-00164059 to develop the potential that a community already has and encourage it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00311-00164059-00164572 to make the escalera its own, well you need time and a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00312-00164572-00164876 team, because it's going against everything that we usually do. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00313-00164920-00165600 What is it about our current society that necessitates the development of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00314-00165600-00166100 a project like La Escalera to facilitate contact between people? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00315-00166208-00166654 The horizontal property law is what rules here in Spain in terms r2ETUyR7Pt0-00316-00166654-00167209 of issues that arise in a neighborhood. The other laws that could’ve r2ETUyR7Pt0-00317-00167209-00167764 applied all have to do with noise pollution or smog and are r2ETUyR7Pt0-00318-00167764-00168319 scattered throughout other regulations. The horizontal property law establishes that every community r2ETUyR7Pt0-00319-00168319-00168874 needs to have at least one annual meeting of property owners that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00320-00168874-00169429 has to do with budgeting and that only property owners can go r2ETUyR7Pt0-00321-00169429-00169984 to, and in the case that a tenant wants to come they r2ETUyR7Pt0-00322-00169984-00170539 would have to get authorization from a property owner and even then r2ETUyR7Pt0-00323-00170539-00171094 they’d only be able to share their opinion about certain things. I r2ETUyR7Pt0-00324-00171094-00171649 don’t know if the egg or the chicken came first, but undoubtedly r2ETUyR7Pt0-00325-00171649-00172203 it seems to me that if this structure emanates something, it’s not r2ETUyR7Pt0-00326-00172203-00172758 community. I think that that is precisely the key. I don’t know r2ETUyR7Pt0-00327-00172758-00173313 if it’s so much about them regulating someone or preventing someone from r2ETUyR7Pt0-00328-00173313-00173868 doing something, that will have to depend on if each person prefers r2ETUyR7Pt0-00329-00173868-00174423 mediation through the state or outside the state, but, obviously, the formal r2ETUyR7Pt0-00330-00174423-00174978 meeting space for residents of a community is a meeting of property r2ETUyR7Pt0-00331-00174978-00175533 owners, not a meeting of neighbors, and it’s to talk about finances, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00332-00175533-00176088 budgets, issues of property and not of neighborly coexistence. It’s like that, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00333-00176088-00176643 and I think that it permeates into what happens in the meetings r2ETUyR7Pt0-00334-00176643-00177198 of neighbors. In addition, although by law the community chair is supposed r2ETUyR7Pt0-00335-00177198-00177752 to rotate annually, you’ll often find the same community chair who has r2ETUyR7Pt0-00336-00177752-00178307 worked with the same property administrator for 15 years and who isn’t r2ETUyR7Pt0-00337-00178307-00178862 even from the neighborhood or the community. In another phase of La r2ETUyR7Pt0-00338-00178862-00179417 Escalera we’re working with public institutions and social organizations for a framework r2ETUyR7Pt0-00339-00179417-00179972 of understanding the community of residents as a community that’s fragmented, seeing r2ETUyR7Pt0-00340-00179972-00180527 as residents don’t control the components of their community. We’ve been doing r2ETUyR7Pt0-00341-00180527-00181082 a series of participatory workshops and the proposal that repeatedly came up r2ETUyR7Pt0-00342-00181082-00181637 the most was to end the property owner meetings and create resident r2ETUyR7Pt0-00343-00181637-00182192 meetings and a chair committee of various residents, rather than one singular r2ETUyR7Pt0-00344-00182192-00182747 chairperson, because it’s good to have a body that has a general r2ETUyR7Pt0-00345-00182747-00183301 perspective that can organize and coordinate, but it doesn’t have to be r2ETUyR7Pt0-00346-00183301-00183856 one man or one woman that fills that role, it can be r2ETUyR7Pt0-00347-00183856-00184411 a committee. Why does it have to be a property administrator or r2ETUyR7Pt0-00348-00184411-00184966 a company as the entity that comes here to organize and moderate r2ETUyR7Pt0-00349-00184966-00185521 the session? I believe that La Escalera has a role there to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00350-00185521-00185800 promote other ways of doing it. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00351-00185800-00186345 You’ve talked about the existence of 30 escaleras working throughout the Community r2ETUyR7Pt0-00352-00186346-00186764 of Madrid. Are you personally keeping up with every escalera? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00353-00186860-00187238 Hardly at all anymore. The escaleras that have things in motion are r2ETUyR7Pt0-00354-00187238-00187677 very independent and those that don’t have as strong of a group r2ETUyR7Pt0-00355-00187677-00188116 engine or simply don’t have a courtyard in which to work have r2ETUyR7Pt0-00356-00188116-00188555 become stagnant. There are communities where if there had been a space r2ETUyR7Pt0-00357-00188555-00188994 for the two people who were motivated to organize things to meet, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00358-00188994-00189433 well then in that courtyard things could’ve happened. But nothing has happened r2ETUyR7Pt0-00359-00189433-00189872 because of the conditions. So there are communities in which a ton r2ETUyR7Pt0-00360-00189872-00190311 of things are going on and there are communities that have remained r2ETUyR7Pt0-00361-00190311-00190750 stalled. What’s going on is that, again, there is a particularity of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00362-00190750-00191189 La Escalera that makes it hard to measure quantitatively. I wouldn’t dare r2ETUyR7Pt0-00363-00191189-00191627 to say that La Escalera is finished in any of these 30 r2ETUyR7Pt0-00364-00191627-00192066 communities and to me it’s not necessary to have that poster there r2ETUyR7Pt0-00365-00192066-00192505 or have those stickers there. What I believe is necessary is that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00366-00192505-00192944 there are people who wanted to do La Escalera who saw themselves r2ETUyR7Pt0-00367-00192944-00193383 traversed by a change in their perspective when they passed through its r2ETUyR7Pt0-00368-00193383-00193822 doorway and that those people are still there and have had conversations r2ETUyR7Pt0-00369-00193822-00194261 with or without La Escalera and that this process isn’t dependent on r2ETUyR7Pt0-00370-00194262-00194700 us anymore, but I wouldn’t say that La Escalera is finished there. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00371-00194844-00195974 Is this a political project? And if so, what kind of politics r2ETUyR7Pt0-00372-00195974-00196400 are we talking about? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00373-00196494-00197104 Well, to me, yes it is. I suppose that the category that r2ETUyR7Pt0-00374-00197104-00197808 La Escalera falls under is micropolitics. La Escalera is a domestic, private r2ETUyR7Pt0-00375-00197808-00198512 space. It’s where we’ve developed upon so many important and fundamental things r2ETUyR7Pt0-00376-00198512-00199216 at the political level, everything that has to do with caregiving, for r2ETUyR7Pt0-00377-00199216-00199920 example. Let’s call it micropolitics. I suppose that we could come up r2ETUyR7Pt0-00378-00199920-00200624 with other ways to call it subject to how we do things r2ETUyR7Pt0-00379-00200624-00200764 in other ways. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00380-00200800-00201300 What do you mean when you talk about “cuidados,” caregiving? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00381-00201412-00201793 When I say caregiving I mean sustaining life in that which is r2ETUyR7Pt0-00382-00201793-00202286 not seen, in that which is not produced immediately and doesn’t have r2ETUyR7Pt0-00383-00202286-00202779 an immediate, quantitative effect- that which is reproductive. It’s the person who r2ETUyR7Pt0-00384-00202779-00203272 writes the book, the person who makes them soup. Caregiving, to me, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00385-00203272-00203766 is that which allows for everything else. Allowing for things to be r2ETUyR7Pt0-00386-00203766-00204259 reproduced and sustained. Also “cuidados” is a word that we’ve been using r2ETUyR7Pt0-00387-00204259-00204752 a lot in recent years. I remember that the other day I r2ETUyR7Pt0-00388-00204752-00205245 was in the Cultural Center Matadero and I saw that they were r2ETUyR7Pt0-00389-00205245-00205738 calling the bathroom the “salón de cuidados íntimos” (room for taking care r2ETUyR7Pt0-00390-00205738-00206232 of intimate things) or something like that, and so “cuidados” is becoming r2ETUyR7Pt0-00391-00206232-00206725 a trend, it’s emptied of meaning or filled with whatever meanings we r2ETUyR7Pt0-00392-00206725-00207218 want it to be. In reality it’s about the care and attention r2ETUyR7Pt0-00393-00207218-00207300 to life. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00394-00207342-00207973 Regarding your personal experience, what have you been thinking about through this r2ETUyR7Pt0-00395-00207973-00208200 process of creating “escaleras”? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00396-00208269-00208834 I could talk a lot about my personal growth because for me r2ETUyR7Pt0-00397-00208834-00209469 it’s been an adventure that has transformed me a lot, in part r2ETUyR7Pt0-00398-00209469-00210103 because I was coming from working in the tertiary sector of services r2ETUyR7Pt0-00399-00210103-00210738 or in the health sector and from that level of social and r2ETUyR7Pt0-00400-00210738-00211373 laboral status and, all of a sudden, people want to interview me. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00401-00211373-00212007 I could talk for a long time about that but I don’t r2ETUyR7Pt0-00402-00212007-00212642 think that that would be the most interesting thing to a general r2ETUyR7Pt0-00403-00212642-00213276 audience. It has transformed me, changed me, taught me many things about r2ETUyR7Pt0-00404-00213276-00213662 who I am and what I can do. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00405-00213700-00214557 What has the process of La Escalera taught the residents who participate r2ETUyR7Pt0-00406-00214558-00214700 in it? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00407-00214750-00215253 It’s not so much teach as uncover, activate. La Escalera isn’t proposing r2ETUyR7Pt0-00408-00215253-00215807 anything new at all but rather pointing out something that you’ve stopped r2ETUyR7Pt0-00409-00215807-00216361 looking at for a while; something as simple as whether or not r2ETUyR7Pt0-00410-00216361-00216915 you’re satisfied with the way that you live in your neighborhood community, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00411-00216915-00217469 which isn’t usually a question you ask yourself, or how could you r2ETUyR7Pt0-00412-00217469-00218022 be more satisfied. So for me the most transformative part of La r2ETUyR7Pt0-00413-00218022-00218576 Escalera is about that, but it’s not an education that La Escalera r2ETUyR7Pt0-00414-00218576-00219130 gives you, it’s a uncovering, an activation, a stirring, a provocation, an r2ETUyR7Pt0-00415-00219130-00219684 estrangement from the habits you have so ingrained… Yeah, it’s making you r2ETUyR7Pt0-00416-00219684-00220100 sort of ask yourself if you want something else. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00417-00220100-00220800 What inspired you in making the kit for La Escalera? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00418-00220800-00221305 For me, the choice of the stickers was based on the reality r2ETUyR7Pt0-00419-00221305-00221811 that they evoke. The one that says, “I’ll take your shopping bags r2ETUyR7Pt0-00420-00221811-00222316 up for you” (“Te subo las bolsas de la compra”) speaks to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00421-00222316-00222821 me about situations of vulnerability; I’ll share wifi (“Comparto wifi”) was simply r2ETUyR7Pt0-00422-00222821-00223327 a little nod to the public to which we clearly speak to. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00423-00223327-00223833 The one that says “I’ll water your plants” (“Te riego las plantas”) r2ETUyR7Pt0-00424-00223833-00224338 is about the issue of property, the issue of what’s private, and r2ETUyR7Pt0-00425-00224338-00224844 the issue of trust, because for someone to water your plants you r2ETUyR7Pt0-00426-00224844-00225349 have to give them your keys. And the sticker that says “Let’s r2ETUyR7Pt0-00427-00225349-00225855 get coffee” (“Tomamos un café”) notes that the paradigm isn’t that of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00428-00225855-00226360 exchange but rather that of interdependence. I think they were very subtle r2ETUyR7Pt0-00429-00226360-00226866 issues that nobody else was taking note of. The stickers are chosen r2ETUyR7Pt0-00430-00226866-00227371 for that reason, not for the exchange that they propose, in fact, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00431-00227371-00227877 the stickers are an excuse. It wasn’t seeking to make these specific r2ETUyR7Pt0-00432-00227877-00228382 interactions happen, in fact many of these interactions haven’t happened, the stickers r2ETUyR7Pt0-00433-00228382-00228888 have been talked about and it has been made relational and brought r2ETUyR7Pt0-00434-00228888-00229393 from one place or another. In fact, as far as I know, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00435-00229393-00229898 nobody has watered anyone else’s plants. I do know of a community r2ETUyR7Pt0-00436-00229898-00230404 that’s sharing a washing machine and that conversation arose from some stickers; r2ETUyR7Pt0-00437-00230404-00230910 for that reason I say that it’s completely an excuse. Actually, the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00438-00230910-00231415 kit comes with a fifth box of blank stickers for you to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00439-00231415-00231921 write whatever you want. We needed a vehicle to come into the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00440-00231921-00232426 communities through and promote the initiative, the proposal, and stir things up r2ETUyR7Pt0-00441-00232426-00232932 with, which was the initial objective. The poster with the stickers has r2ETUyR7Pt0-00442-00232932-00233437 been that vehicle, but the intention was to open up this meeting r2ETUyR7Pt0-00443-00233438-00233832 space, this contact, and from these relationships other things would arise. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00444-00233900-00234531 From the perspective of La Escalera, what are some of the outstanding r2ETUyR7Pt0-00445-00234532-00234900 subjects of the neoliberal model of society? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00446-00235010-00235614 Well, I don’t know when this idea of self-sufficiency and autonomy started. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00447-00235614-00236328 I don’t like to think of La Escalera as a tool to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00448-00236328-00237043 modify individual attitudes because I think that personal attitude only leads to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00449-00237043-00237757 a relatively small change in your neighborhood community. You don’t become rotten r2ETUyR7Pt0-00450-00237757-00238471 because yes, I think that coming home exhausted from insane work days r2ETUyR7Pt0-00451-00238471-00239186 and not having meeting places in the street can lead to that. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00452-00239186-00239900 It can’t fall all on the shoulders of the community. For example, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00453-00239900-00240615 when I was young, people in my neighborhood would organize ourselves to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00454-00240615-00241329 clean our common staircase, and that’s how we met; and out front r2ETUyR7Pt0-00455-00241329-00242044 there was a small convenience store that prepared orders for two elderly r2ETUyR7Pt0-00456-00242044-00242758 women who cleaned the stairwell and one of the neighbors would always r2ETUyR7Pt0-00457-00242758-00243472 pick up their order on their way home from work or we’d r2ETUyR7Pt0-00458-00243472-00244187 pick it up on our way home from school and bring it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00459-00244187-00244901 to the women. We had a garden in the back full of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00460-00244901-00245616 cats and trees and plants which was also another meeting space. Right r2ETUyR7Pt0-00461-00245616-00246330 now, to ask for a change from a community in a neighborhood r2ETUyR7Pt0-00462-00246330-00247044 that as its only meeting place has a giant 24-hour lot isn’t r2ETUyR7Pt0-00463-00247044-00247759 logical and can’t be blamed on anyone’s individual attitude. Of course, to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00464-00247759-00248473 learn how to ask for help and let oneself help is an r2ETUyR7Pt0-00465-00248473-00249188 amazing political act, but we’re missing certain conditions, and right now the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00466-00249188-00249902 conditions that allow for personal contact, collective development, mutual support, solidarity, and r2ETUyR7Pt0-00467-00249902-00250160 cooperation are beyond threatened everywhere. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00468-00250200-00250840 Has there been any relationship between this project and the environment of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00469-00250840-00251000 school and university? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00470-00251067-00251691 There’s a woman on Twitter who’s a high school professor, and she’s r2ETUyR7Pt0-00471-00251691-00252382 brought La Escalera to the classrooms and she’s doing an experiment with r2ETUyR7Pt0-00472-00252382-00253073 her kids, for example, they’re walking each other home, and this has r2ETUyR7Pt0-00473-00253073-00253764 been effective against bullying, as a preventative action it can be really r2ETUyR7Pt0-00474-00253764-00254455 good. It’s another of the roles that La Escalera could take on, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00475-00254455-00255146 that it would be good to use as a tool, an excuse r2ETUyR7Pt0-00476-00255146-00255837 to open a space that lets you look where you’re not otherwise r2ETUyR7Pt0-00477-00255837-00256528 looking and find yourself with people you’re not otherwise meeting, and you r2ETUyR7Pt0-00478-00256528-00257219 can bring that aspect into an educational setting. It would give me r2ETUyR7Pt0-00479-00257219-00257911 a lot of hope to bring this to a senior center, or r2ETUyR7Pt0-00480-00257911-00258602 a daycare center because the focus there is on giving aid, and r2ETUyR7Pt0-00481-00258602-00259293 they don’t let the people there do very much themselves. As far r2ETUyR7Pt0-00482-00259293-00259984 as the universities, Carlos will know a little more about that. We’ve r2ETUyR7Pt0-00483-00259984-00260675 found investigations strictly about the ecosystems of neighborhood communities, but not specifically r2ETUyR7Pt0-00484-00260675-00261366 about unity. Similarly, we haven’t found really any initiatives for intervention although r2ETUyR7Pt0-00485-00261366-00262057 we’ve found a few, and we know that there’s interest that we r2ETUyR7Pt0-00486-00262057-00262748 haven’t been able to tap into yet, but it would be incredibly r2ETUyR7Pt0-00487-00262748-00263439 cool to mark out a few theses about neighborhood communities and what r2ETUyR7Pt0-00488-00263440-00263858 obstacles or difficulties keep them from being different. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00489-00263900-00264620 If someone wanted to start an escalera in their community, what steps r2ETUyR7Pt0-00490-00264620-00264800 should they take? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00491-00264874-00265336 You have to download the materials and print them out for yourself. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00492-00265336-00265872 We’ve found that the best results happen when you add a handwritten r2ETUyR7Pt0-00493-00265872-00266409 personal note to the poster explaining why you’re starting this and where r2ETUyR7Pt0-00494-00266409-00266945 you’re at and offering that if someone wants to know why you’re r2ETUyR7Pt0-00495-00266945-00267482 doing it or if they have any questions or complaints they should r2ETUyR7Pt0-00496-00267482-00268018 come to you. That’s the first step that already drives away a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00497-00268018-00268554 lot of people because you’re already asking for a minimum level of r2ETUyR7Pt0-00498-00268554-00269091 responsibility. I think that it’s best if you’re not the only person r2ETUyR7Pt0-00499-00269091-00269627 who’s doing it and that you do it with at least the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00500-00269627-00270164 approval or the shared interest of one of your neighbors who also r2ETUyR7Pt0-00501-00270164-00270700 wants to do it. Why? Well because what the escalera does is r2ETUyR7Pt0-00502-00270700-00271236 open up meeting spaces so then if in the elevator where people r2ETUyR7Pt0-00503-00271236-00271773 generally look at their phone or at the floor, you and your r2ETUyR7Pt0-00504-00271773-00272309 neighbor talk about La Escalera, great. So, it’s useful to add a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00505-00272309-00272846 personalized note and do it with other neighbors, to think of a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00506-00272846-00273382 meeting place and overcome your fear of knocking on doors. It’s no r2ETUyR7Pt0-00507-00273382-00273918 big deal to knock on someone’s door. You put up a poster r2ETUyR7Pt0-00508-00273918-00274455 and stickers by the mailboxes, you put stickers on your own mailbox, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00509-00274455-00274991 and you put up your personalized note and also it’s great if r2ETUyR7Pt0-00510-00274991-00275528 you focus on needs because people respond more to needs than to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00511-00275528-00276064 offers. Offers make people smile but that’s all. And when you see r2ETUyR7Pt0-00512-00276064-00276600 that more of your neighbors have put up some stickers, well, go r2ETUyR7Pt0-00513-00276600-00277137 schedule a coffee with someone, knock on a door, or put a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00514-00277137-00277673 note in someone’s mailbox if you’re shy about knocking, but these people r2ETUyR7Pt0-00515-00277673-00278210 are telling you that they’re with you in this adventure up to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00516-00278210-00278746 a certain point. Find out what that limit is and don’t get r2ETUyR7Pt0-00517-00278746-00279282 frustrated if only one person joins in, because that’s normal, and now r2ETUyR7Pt0-00518-00279282-00279819 you have someone to leave the keys of your house with. From r2ETUyR7Pt0-00519-00279820-00280244 there, it’s a matter of practicality, but for me it’s not about r2ETUyR7Pt0-00520-00280244-00280342 that. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00521-00280400-00281000 Would you say that the majority of people that have contacted you r2ETUyR7Pt0-00522-00281000-00281300 to start an escalera are female? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00523-00281350-00281837 Yes, also the people who are on our social media are mostly r2ETUyR7Pt0-00524-00281838-00282330 women, and the journalists who have interviewed us are mostly women, so r2ETUyR7Pt0-00525-00282330-00282554 it’s very marked by gender. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00526-00282600-00283100 What does growth look like for La Escalera? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00527-00283282-00283650 For me it has two tracks. It’s like we’ve made a pilot r2ETUyR7Pt0-00528-00283650-00284201 for direct intervention, like a hypodermic needle, in 30 communities and then r2ETUyR7Pt0-00529-00284201-00284752 we’ve had the opportunity to do another pilot, which we’re currently finishing r2ETUyR7Pt0-00530-00284752-00285303 up, to ask ourselves along with institutions and social organizations how we r2ETUyR7Pt0-00531-00285303-00285854 can incorporate this paradigm into our operation, strategies, and actions. I’d really r2ETUyR7Pt0-00532-00285854-00286404 like to have the opportunity to do a complete pilot, I mean, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00533-00286404-00286955 spend a year really installing escaleras, but instead of doing it alone, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00534-00286955-00287506 doing it with other important actors in the neighborhood and really create r2ETUyR7Pt0-00535-00287506-00288057 a network. I would really love to do that kind of pilot. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00536-00288057-00288608 I don’t think it would be a pilot that would need to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00537-00288608-00289158 be repeated 80 million more times, but I think that there’s more r2ETUyR7Pt0-00538-00289158-00289709 learning we can do from this format and that there are very r2ETUyR7Pt0-00539-00289709-00290260 valuable lessons. I don’t know if that would be possible because it r2ETUyR7Pt0-00540-00290260-00290811 takes time and therefore it takes money and it’s a fairly big r2ETUyR7Pt0-00541-00290811-00291362 ask, but it’s one of the things we’re trying to see happen. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00542-00291362-00291912 So since I’m kind of resigned to the fact that this possibility r2ETUyR7Pt0-00543-00291912-00292463 won’t be realized, it’s true that when I now think of growth, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00544-00292463-00293014 I think of at least continuing to do these types of projects r2ETUyR7Pt0-00545-00293014-00293565 that we’ve been doing now with the Health Center so that it’s r2ETUyR7Pt0-00546-00293565-00294116 the social organizations and institutions themselves that borrow this paradigm and develop r2ETUyR7Pt0-00547-00294116-00294666 it within their own experiences and their own techniques, that would be r2ETUyR7Pt0-00548-00294666-00295217 stupendous. Then it would also be fantastic to have either sufficient time r2ETUyR7Pt0-00549-00295217-00295768 to continue feeding these social networks and make them in other languages r2ETUyR7Pt0-00550-00295768-00296319 and that the self-management of escaleras can continue, because I almost never r2ETUyR7Pt0-00551-00296319-00296870 tweet or go on Facebook, or a group of people that would r2ETUyR7Pt0-00552-00296870-00297420 do that work; I just don’t have the time for that. And r2ETUyR7Pt0-00553-00297420-00297971 it pains me that we have half-finished translations from people who were r2ETUyR7Pt0-00554-00297971-00298522 volunteering to do translations to English, French, Italian, Portuguese. I’d love to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00555-00298522-00299073 be able to keep growing the social networks and the materials enough r2ETUyR7Pt0-00556-00299073-00299624 to keep spreading, to keep planting the seed of this thing and r2ETUyR7Pt0-00557-00299624-00300174 for the people to make La Escalera their own without me even r2ETUyR7Pt0-00558-00300174-00300725 knowing where it’s popping up. Those are the two dimensions of growth r2ETUyR7Pt0-00559-00300725-00301000 that are most exciting to me. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00560-00301000-00301600 Keeping in mind the climate of precarity and political alienation, what keeps r2ETUyR7Pt0-00561-00301600-00302116 the engine of your hope or energy alive? r2ETUyR7Pt0-00562-00302116-00302544 The issue of political alienation is a heavy one since the height r2ETUyR7Pt0-00563-00302544-00303089 of 15M. The appearance of Podemos (a progressive political party) was a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00564-00303089-00303633 high for some people and not for others, and already the fall r2ETUyR7Pt0-00565-00303633-00304178 has been pretty intense. Even so, I think that La Escalera would r2ETUyR7Pt0-00566-00304178-00304723 give hope to almost anyone because we haven’t had a single response r2ETUyR7Pt0-00567-00304723-00305267 that hasn’t been beautiful, not even on social media platforms like Twitter r2ETUyR7Pt0-00568-00305267-00305812 where if you use the inclusive language that I use on social r2ETUyR7Pt0-00569-00305812-00306356 media the usual is for people to insult you multiple times a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00570-00306356-00306901 day. La Escalera has only ever received affection, excited messages and emotional r2ETUyR7Pt0-00571-00306901-00307446 messages and also some sad messages about suspicion of child abuse or r2ETUyR7Pt0-00572-00307446-00307990 domestic abuse in that household. I’ve cried a few times at the r2ETUyR7Pt0-00573-00307990-00308535 end of a project with La Escalera, but it was all good r2ETUyR7Pt0-00574-00308535-00309079 and beautiful, in the sense that it’s all human, that it’s full r2ETUyR7Pt0-00575-00309079-00309624 of relationships that are human and alive. And I think that it’s r2ETUyR7Pt0-00576-00309624-00310169 hard not to have hope with La Escalera because what you’re getting r2ETUyR7Pt0-00577-00310169-00310713 from all around you is hope. It’s been a very gratifying experience. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00578-00310713-00311258 It’s been very difficult in terms of the work because we thought r2ETUyR7Pt0-00579-00311258-00311802 there would be 5 communities and there have been 30, and on r2ETUyR7Pt0-00580-00311802-00312347 top of that the media, and on top of that the institutions, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00581-00312347-00312892 including universities, it was unmanageable. Since November 24th in 2016 when I r2ETUyR7Pt0-00582-00312892-00313436 published the materials, I’ve had the sensation of never being able to r2ETUyR7Pt0-00583-00313436-00313981 rest, although I’ve been able to take off work for two days r2ETUyR7Pt0-00584-00313981-00314525 in a row. It’s 24/7 in my head, though. It’s run me r2ETUyR7Pt0-00585-00314525-00315070 over, but run me over very happily because everything we’ve received has r2ETUyR7Pt0-00586-00315070-00315615 been a brutal recognition and I think that it has even been r2ETUyR7Pt0-00587-00315615-00316159 more than what was deserved because, I really believe, it’s nothing new; r2ETUyR7Pt0-00588-00316159-00316704 yes, I do believe that it has been able to strike a r2ETUyR7Pt0-00589-00316704-00317248 common chord for many people and that’s no small thing. The impact r2ETUyR7Pt0-00590-00317248-00317793 has been large and the response, marvellous. So it has been difficult, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00591-00317793-00318338 hard, stressful, precarious, but the response is so beautiful that I think r2ETUyR7Pt0-00592-00318338-00318700 that holding onto hope has been very easy. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00593-00319100-00319200 This is Manuel. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00594-00319200-00319500 His birthday was last week and he received a painting, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00595-00319500-00319800 but he doesn't have a drill to hang it up with. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00596-00319800-00320000 So Manuel goes to his friend Julia, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00597-00320000-00320300 on the other side of the city, to borrow hers. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00598-00320300-00320600 But let's go back to Manuel's building. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00599-00320600-00320900 Marga lives here. Marga has a drill that she almost never uses, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00600-00320900-00321200 but Manuel doesn't know this, because they've barely crossed paths a few r2ETUyR7Pt0-00601-00321200-00321300 times in the vestibule. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00602-00321600-00322000 In some communities, the vestibule is the only place where neighbors meet. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00603-00322100-00322465 In La Escalera, we suggest you use this poster and the mailboxes r2ETUyR7Pt0-00604-00322465-00322800 in the vestibule to tell the rest of your community, with r2ETUyR7Pt0-00605-00322800-00323300 some simple stickers, what you want to share with them. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00606-00323300-00323484 Sometimes, we need someone to water our plants if we're going on r2ETUyR7Pt0-00607-00323484-00323500 vacation, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00608-00323500-00323800 or to care for our cat when we're out. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00609-00323800-00324446 And some afternoons, we wouldn't mind having someone over to chat over r2ETUyR7Pt0-00610-00324446-00324500 coffee. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00611-00324600-00325090 But La Escalera doesn't end here. What we want to see is r2ETUyR7Pt0-00612-00325090-00325500 Manuel, Marga, Liliana, Josefa, Rachid, Blanca... working together to build r2ETUyR7Pt0-00613-00325500-00325700 the "escalera" (common space) where we want to live. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00614-00325700-00326000 Because if our communities care for each other and organize ourselves, r2ETUyR7Pt0-00615-00326000-00326400 imagine what we could do together out there. r2ETUyR7Pt0-00616-00326600-00327200 Life is a common problem, shouldn't we resolve it communally? r7ET-co8KHY-00000-00000000-00000902 So, uh... I've also got a new, another beef uh... to post here today, and uh... every election season it r7ET-co8KHY-00001-00000902-00001664 seems like um... people from generally the Conservative or the Republican camp like r7ET-co8KHY-00002-00001664-00002493 to make the metaphor that the government spending like a family budget shouldn't r7ET-co8KHY-00003-00002493-00003275 go into debt, debt that it cannot repay. And uh... I do think that's true that families r7ET-co8KHY-00004-00003275-00003804 should not go into debt that they cannot repay. It does happen all the time. Sometimes of no r7ET-co8KHY-00005-00003804-00004482 uh... no complete act of the person that's going into debt, but let's, let's just go r7ET-co8KHY-00006-00004482-00005219 with the standard setting that you have a family and somehow the family uh... is going r7ET-co8KHY-00007-00005219-00005361 into debt beyond their means. r7ET-co8KHY-00008-00005361-00005855 That's wrong. People shouldn't do that. It causes trouble for themselves and for r7ET-co8KHY-00009-00005855-00006686 other people. But I think what's left out of that metaphor is, suppose you've got uh... r7ET-co8KHY-00010-00006686-00007268 a bunch of independent people and they're not a family yet and out of these r7ET-co8KHY-00011-00007268-00007767 independent people some of them get married. Right? So let's take spouse A and r7ET-co8KHY-00012-00007767-00008307 spouse B; they're starting to form a household, and uh.. both of them have an r7ET-co8KHY-00013-00008307-00008985 income and things are going pretty good uh... and the they buy things for themselves, r7ET-co8KHY-00014-00008985-00009807 they buy things for each other, uh... time goes on, uh... they have a little bit of savings r7ET-co8KHY-00015-00009807-00010503 aside, and eventually they start to make babies. Now there's other needs r7ET-co8KHY-00016-00010503-00011064 you know, so spending changes and uh... and you're taking care of the kids and so r7ET-co8KHY-00017-00011064-00011952 forth. And now suppose that one of the spouses had started to decide that the r7ET-co8KHY-00018-00011952-00012972 other spouse uh... should do things with their time that would reduce their income. That r7ET-co8KHY-00019-00012972-00013150 it's, it's more important r7ET-co8KHY-00020-00013150-00013876 to uh... spend time with the children instead of earning the money. Right? And r7ET-co8KHY-00021-00013876-00014611 it could be the, the you know either, either spouse, it doesn't have to be the one that was r7ET-co8KHY-00022-00014611-00014833 earning more money to begin with r7ET-co8KHY-00023-00014833-00015513 it just has to be one of them. And uh... one of them has to take a position that I and r7ET-co8KHY-00024-00015513-00016111 my, my money that's coming in is more important to keep doing that and you and r7ET-co8KHY-00025-00016111-00016480 the money that you have coming in is less important so you need to do less of r7ET-co8KHY-00026-00016480-00017182 that. Ok. So one spouse is deciding that the other spouses income should go down. r7ET-co8KHY-00027-00017182-00018142 Right? And at the same time uh... because there's less money you, you have less to r7ET-co8KHY-00028-00018142-00018700 spend on the children and other things that you used to. So now the earning r7ET-co8KHY-00029-00018700-00019441 spouse complains that the non-earning spouse is spending badly but in reality r7ET-co8KHY-00030-00019441-00019948 they're just spending what they did before the reduced income happened. Now r7ET-co8KHY-00031-00019948-00020383 we're going into deficit spending and whose fault is it? The one that said no r7ET-co8KHY-00032-00020383-00020970 you have to stay at home. So the idea of the debt spending problem is also r7ET-co8KHY-00033-00020970-00021442 related to the idea that you're not allowed to earn more money. Right? r7ET-co8KHY-00034-00021442-00022176 so from the same camp that says the government can tax rich people, that r7ET-co8KHY-00035-00022176-00022987 taxing is bad, is also saying deficit spending is bad. But your... you had things r7ET-co8KHY-00036-00022987-00023457 that you're doing for the good of the family that you're spending the money on. r7ET-co8KHY-00037-00023457-00023923 So, if you... Of course you're going to have deficit spending if you can't have r7ET-co8KHY-00038-00023923-00024256 taxation! That's... They just go hand in hand. r7ET-co8KHY-00039-00024256-00024760 So these Grover Norquist (crazy people) that think that the government should be r7ET-co8KHY-00040-00024760-00025429 oh so tiny, and not do anything because its deficit spending, after they choked r7ET-co8KHY-00041-00025429-00025498 it out, r7ET-co8KHY-00042-00025498-00025969 I, I think they're, they're just idiots. I, I don't think their malicious... Well there's... r7ET-co8KHY-00043-00025969-00026286 Some of them might be maliciously thinking that they're doing r7ET-co8KHY-00044-00026286-00026597 the right thing. Or not that... Not that they're doing the right thing, but r7ET-co8KHY-00045-00026597-00027087 they're trying to kill the government. But I think most people are idiots when r7ET-co8KHY-00046-00027087-00027762 they think that a government and a household are the same thing, and the r7ET-co8KHY-00047-00027762-00028196 deficit spending in the government is the same thing as taking on too much r7ET-co8KHY-00048-00028196-00028919 debt in your household. So stop cutting off the ability to tax, especially tax r7ET-co8KHY-00049-00028919-00029343 rich people, and maybe we won't have so much deficit problem. r7L0rGcOxNU-00000-00000000-00000246 We've been waiting for this segment, right? r7L0rGcOxNU-00001-00000355-00000610 Are you ready to get excited? r7L0rGcOxNU-00002-00000660-00000766 Ready to go. r7L0rGcOxNU-00003-00000766-00000900 What's wrong with your tone? r7L0rGcOxNU-00004-00000900-00001146 I'm so excited right now that I'm tongue-tied. r7L0rGcOxNU-00005-00001146-00001326 This time it's AraTV's pride. r7L0rGcOxNU-00006-00001326-00001503 Eating show and quiz time. r7L0rGcOxNU-00007-00001661-00001861 Reporter JURI, r7L0rGcOxNU-00008-00001861-00002006 please go and explain r7L0rGcOxNU-00009-00002006-00002173 what snacks we have. r7L0rGcOxNU-00010-00002233-00002341 Reporter JURI? r7L0rGcOxNU-00011-00002413-00002967 Snack list Chicken, hot dog, ice cream, macaron, snacks, jelly & candy, drinks. r7L0rGcOxNU-00012-00003012-00003226 I was really curious about this. r7L0rGcOxNU-00013-00003326-00003540 Reaction Explosion. r7L0rGcOxNU-00014-00003575-00003660 Chicken! r7L0rGcOxNU-00015-00003674-00003880 That's my favorite. r7L0rGcOxNU-00016-00003922-00004133 Hot dog~ r7L0rGcOxNU-00017-00004155-00004500 This is the best reaction restaurant. r7L0rGcOxNU-00018-00004541-00004670 Ice cream~ r7L0rGcOxNU-00019-00004670-00004920 Hooray. r7L0rGcOxNU-00020-00004920-00005143 AraTV, what's going on? r7L0rGcOxNU-00021-00005143-00005483 We'll bet on a snack and if we get the quiz right, we'll get a snack r7L0rGcOxNU-00022-00005483-00005825 Then, we can have an eating show and proceed with the next quiz. r7L0rGcOxNU-00023-00006019-00006436 Special glasses are next to you to prevent cheating. r7L0rGcOxNU-00024-00006436-00006631 (Special glasses.) r7L0rGcOxNU-00025-00006912-00007146 Wow. r7L0rGcOxNU-00026-00007146-00007496 (Special glasses on complete.) r7L0rGcOxNU-00027-00007496-00007696 Hot dog! r7L0rGcOxNU-00028-00007703-00007819 Let's bet on a hot dog. r7L0rGcOxNU-00029-00007819-00007926 I'd love to. r7L0rGcOxNU-00030-00008046-00008463 Q. What's SUYUN's retro item? r7L0rGcOxNU-00031-00008537-00008650 This is so easy. r7L0rGcOxNU-00032-00008650-00008813 My retro item? r7L0rGcOxNU-00033-00008813-00008932 I know, I know, I know. r7L0rGcOxNU-00034-00009016-00009223 What's the name of the item? r7L0rGcOxNU-00035-00009223-00009326 What should we do then? r7L0rGcOxNU-00036-00009354-00009478 Just? r7L0rGcOxNU-00037-00009485-00009543 Yeah, it's just! r7L0rGcOxNU-00038-00009543-00009756 In the music video? r7L0rGcOxNU-00039-00009756-00010013 No, no, no. r7L0rGcOxNU-00040-00010013-00010203 You know what Suyun always says when she introduces. r7L0rGcOxNU-00041-00010237-00010356 What do I like? r7L0rGcOxNU-00042-00010356-00010530 You shouldn't think too hard. r7L0rGcOxNU-00043-00010584-00010740 What do I like? r7L0rGcOxNU-00044-00010819-00011243 Unnie, What SUYUN likes. r7L0rGcOxNU-00045-00011271-00011420 What SUYUN likes, KETCHY! r7L0rGcOxNU-00046-00011420-00011666 ...that's right. r7L0rGcOxNU-00047-00011666-00011986 KETCHY is not a retro item. r7L0rGcOxNU-00048-00011986-00012038 Are you done? r7L0rGcOxNU-00049-00012038-00012120 This is too easy. r7L0rGcOxNU-00050-00012142-00012326 One, Two, Three. r7L0rGcOxNU-00051-00012870-00013232 A. Film Camera. r7L0rGcOxNU-00052-00013252-00013593 Thanks to the members who know Suyun well, I succeeded lightly. r7L0rGcOxNU-00053-00013593-00013810 YEONHEE's favorite hot dog. r7L0rGcOxNU-00054-00013810-00013913 I'm coming to see hot dog. r7L0rGcOxNU-00055-00013993-00014143 Uh, smell. r7L0rGcOxNU-00056-00014143-00014230 YEONHEE is happy now. r7L0rGcOxNU-00057-00014230-00014363 Is this a dream? r7L0rGcOxNU-00058-00014371-00014710 The ROCKET PUNCH are hot dog-holic now. r7L0rGcOxNU-00059-00014710-00014982 I told you a few days ago that I really wanted to eat this place. r7L0rGcOxNU-00060-00014992-00015186 We sang because we wanted to eat it. r7L0rGcOxNU-00061-00015186-00015350 The hot dog eating show will take place in a little while. r7L0rGcOxNU-00062-00015401-00015662 The next snack is... we're a little more confident. r7L0rGcOxNU-00063-00015737-00015830 Let's bet on snacks. r7L0rGcOxNU-00064-00015941-00016113 I really want to eat that snack. r7L0rGcOxNU-00065-00016177-00016389 Yeah, honestly, I think snacks are more important than chicken. r7L0rGcOxNU-00066-00016389-00016473 Oh, really? r7L0rGcOxNU-00067-00016473-00016653 I like ice cream r7L0rGcOxNU-00068-00016653-00016766 So first of all, r7L0rGcOxNU-00069-00016766-00016900 Let's think of ice cream as dessert, SOHEE. r7L0rGcOxNU-00070-00016900-00017146 Let's make the snacks a success. r7L0rGcOxNU-00071-00017146-00017247 Let's make ice cream successful r7L0rGcOxNU-00072-00017247-00017550 and try chicken later, okay? r7L0rGcOxNU-00073-00017621-00017764 Then I'll bet on the snacks. r7L0rGcOxNU-00074-00017764-00017973 I'm serious about snacks. r7L0rGcOxNU-00075-00018191-00018663 What commercial does ROCKET PUNCH want to shoot? r7L0rGcOxNU-00076-00018787-00018999 Today we mentioned that. r7L0rGcOxNU-00077-00018999-00019113 I mentioned it today. r7L0rGcOxNU-00078-00019113-00019208 I don't remember. r7L0rGcOxNU-00079-00019208-00019320 The first thing I said. r7L0rGcOxNU-00080-00019320-00019376 I don't remember. r7L0rGcOxNU-00081-00019376-00019503 What did I do today...? r7L0rGcOxNU-00082-00019583-00019766 On our second schedule today, r7L0rGcOxNU-00083-00019766-00019976 I've heard that. It suits you. r7L0rGcOxNU-00084-00019976-00020130 Did you say it looked good on me? r7L0rGcOxNU-00085-00020187-00020279 You want to go with that? r7L0rGcOxNU-00086-00020279-00020329 Wait, wait, wait. r7L0rGcOxNU-00087-00020329-00020379 Isn't it this? r7L0rGcOxNU-00088-00020444-00020510 Wait a minute. What do I do? r7L0rGcOxNU-00089-00020510-00020693 The first thing we talked about? r7L0rGcOxNU-00090-00020710-00020853 What I was talking about? r7L0rGcOxNU-00091-00020859-00021080 What's that...? r7L0rGcOxNU-00092-00021094-00021220 Yeonhee, I don't think you'll be able to eat snacks. r7L0rGcOxNU-00093-00021220-00021630 You know, we said we looked harmonious. r7L0rGcOxNU-00094-00021630-00021730 There's too much of it. r7L0rGcOxNU-00095-00021730-00021843 That we look harmonious? Okay. r7L0rGcOxNU-00096-00021861-00022033 I'm sure I want to take it. r7L0rGcOxNU-00097-00022033-00022150 I told you we'd look like we'd be in good harmony. r7L0rGcOxNU-00098-00022150-00022266 You want to dip it in? r7L0rGcOxNU-00099-00022287-00022590 No, no, no. She said she wanted to film it. r7L0rGcOxNU-00100-00022611-00022723 That... now! r7L0rGcOxNU-00101-00022766-00022860 I tell you what. r7L0rGcOxNU-00102-00022860-00022966 You know, the challenge. r7L0rGcOxNU-00103-00022966-00023148 Remember what we said earlier? r7L0rGcOxNU-00104-00023148-00023250 What we're trying to do now? r7L0rGcOxNU-00105-00023346-00023426 Argh! r7L0rGcOxNU-00106-00023427-00023602 DAHYUN is angry. r7L0rGcOxNU-00107-00023666-00023843 The one we wanted to challenge? r7L0rGcOxNU-00108-00023843-00024016 What we're trying to do now! r7L0rGcOxNU-00109-00024183-00024416 Are we challenging snacks now? r7L0rGcOxNU-00110-00024600-00024800 The JURY said the answer. r7L0rGcOxNU-00111-00024870-00025070 You've talked about it. r7L0rGcOxNU-00112-00025087-00025263 Oh, the one we wanted to challenge? r7L0rGcOxNU-00113-00025354-00025589 Oh, I don't know. r7L0rGcOxNU-00114-00025717-00025866 You know, the one we wanted to try earlier? r7L0rGcOxNU-00115-00025949-00026019 That's right, that's right, that's right. r7L0rGcOxNU-00116-00026038-00026166 Is it gonna be okay? r7L0rGcOxNU-00117-00026166-00026313 Is this right? r7L0rGcOxNU-00118-00026349-00026467 Let's go. r7L0rGcOxNU-00119-00026531-00026691 One, Two, Three. r7L0rGcOxNU-00120-00026703-00026900 There are different answers. r7L0rGcOxNU-00121-00026910-00026990 Did I get it right? r7L0rGcOxNU-00122-00026990-00027123 Snacks. r7L0rGcOxNU-00123-00027133-00027183 Why? r7L0rGcOxNU-00124-00027183-00027233 Isn't it chicken? r7L0rGcOxNU-00125-00027233-00027370 It's chicken! r7L0rGcOxNU-00126-00027397-00027573 Snacks that we have to challenge. r7L0rGcOxNU-00127-00027614-00027750 Now! Challenge! r7L0rGcOxNU-00128-00027750-00027906 We're trying out a snack right now. r7L0rGcOxNU-00129-00028004-00028350 I told you we'd make sure the other snacks were important and the chicken was a challenge. r7L0rGcOxNU-00130-00028373-00028570 (A little while ago.) r7L0rGcOxNU-00131-00028570-00028750 Maybe we can try chicken later. r7L0rGcOxNU-00132-00028769-00028839 I'm sorry, Unnie. r7L0rGcOxNU-00133-00028839-00029019 But what did you say you looked harmonious? r7L0rGcOxNU-00134-00029019-00029170 Ice cream~ r7L0rGcOxNU-00135-00029340-00029463 Wasn't that chicken, too? r7L0rGcOxNU-00136-00029472-00029573 It's not~ r7L0rGcOxNU-00137-00029676-00029975 I'm not gonna say important. r7L0rGcOxNU-00138-00029975-00030216 I'm sorry. r7L0rGcOxNU-00139-00030216-00030426 I'll buy you that. r7L0rGcOxNU-00140-00030426-00030647 Then buy me a Swing chip. r7L0rGcOxNU-00141-00030814-00031169 They say we can try the snack we tried again. r7L0rGcOxNU-00142-00031206-00031370 How many times can we try this? r7L0rGcOxNU-00143-00031414-00031525 Is it unlimited? r7L0rGcOxNU-00144-00031562-00031652 Until the problem is over. r7L0rGcOxNU-00145-00031725-00031833 Let's try the snacks again. r7L0rGcOxNU-00146-00031942-00032083 She is serious about snacks. r7L0rGcOxNU-00147-00032083-00032296 (Next question for snacks.) r7L0rGcOxNU-00148-00032423-00032959 Q. In the title track "Ring Ring," Write how many times the "Ring" comes out. r7L0rGcOxNU-00149-00033073-00033223 Telling you not to eat snacks. r7L0rGcOxNU-00150-00033223-00033336 Should we sing a song? r7L0rGcOxNU-00151-00033343-00033903 That's how the ROCKET PUNCH's "Ring" started. r7L0rGcOxNU-00152-00034016-00034266 Ketchy, you know what I'm saying. r7L0rGcOxNU-00153-00034266-00034446 Please leave comments. r7L0rGcOxNU-00154-00034767-00035230 (Tell me.) r7L0rGcOxNU-00155-00035359-00035682 Real live without music. r7L0rGcOxNU-00156-00036030-00036557 Self nx speed. r7L0rGcOxNU-00157-00037266-00037739 Suddenly atmosphere math class. r7L0rGcOxNU-00158-00038689-00038760 No, no, no, no. r7L0rGcOxNU-00159-00038768-00038819 Isn't there? r7L0rGcOxNU-00160-00038819-00038903 Number 16! r7L0rGcOxNU-00161-00038924-00039013 There's the chorus in the back. r7L0rGcOxNU-00162-00039013-00039086 It's not! r7L0rGcOxNU-00163-00039086-00039188 It's not there. r7L0rGcOxNU-00164-00039268-00039693 If you don't know, just sing a song to sing. r7L0rGcOxNU-00165-00039693-00039836 Then it's 8x3=24. r7L0rGcOxNU-00166-00039849-00039955 Yeah, that's right. r7L0rGcOxNU-00167-00039955-00040076 The comments say it's 24. r7L0rGcOxNU-00168-00040089-00040270 Everyone, okay. r7L0rGcOxNU-00169-00040280-00040466 One, Two, Three. r7L0rGcOxNU-00170-00040510-00040850 A. 24. r7L0rGcOxNU-00171-00040850-00040960 You can eat snacks now. r7L0rGcOxNU-00172-00040960-00041066 Congratulations~ r7L0rGcOxNU-00173-00041070-00041280 I owe this honor to KETCHY. r7L0rGcOxNU-00174-00041297-00041833 Enjoying ROCKET PUNCH. r7L0rGcOxNU-00175-00041915-00041967 It's delicious. r7L0rGcOxNU-00176-00042323-00042946 AraTV is the love of idols. r8cbAVsS3oI-00000-00000048-00000504 >> Okay, so we're looking at power functions, and we're going to start looking r8cbAVsS3oI-00001-00000504-00000629 at solving a power function equation. r8cbAVsS3oI-00002-00000629-00001044 In this case, we've got y cubed is equal to 64. r8cbAVsS3oI-00003-00001118-00001427 So in this case, it's already been solved and rearranged. r8cbAVsS3oI-00004-00001427-00001658 It's all in a nice, simplified form for us. r8cbAVsS3oI-00005-00001727-00002377 So if we want to get y and solve for it, remember we have to multiply or put both sides r8cbAVsS3oI-00006-00002404-00002592 to the inverse of the exponent it is now. r8cbAVsS3oI-00007-00002624-00002831 So put both sides to 1 over 3. r8cbAVsS3oI-00008-00002909-00003612 So 64 through 1 over 3 as well, or the cubed root. r8cbAVsS3oI-00009-00003633-00004117 Remember from that intro video we showed, that's the same as writing the cubed root of 64. r8cbAVsS3oI-00010-00004146-00004413 And we can plug that into our calculator and get an answer. r8cbAVsS3oI-00011-00004416-00004982 Remember the left hand side here becomes y, and this side, 64, r8cbAVsS3oI-00012-00004982-00005258 the cubed root of that is simply 4. r8cbAVsS3oI-00013-00005367-00005871 But I'm actually now, before we even go to another video, I want to also look r8cbAVsS3oI-00014-00005871-00006198 at the idea of y cubed equals negative 64. r8cbAVsS3oI-00015-00006252-00006777 Let's say we just want to add a second question for fun. r8cbAVsS3oI-00016-00006810-00006919 We like the first one so much. r8cbAVsS3oI-00017-00007010-00007124 Well, we start off the same way. r8cbAVsS3oI-00018-00007287-00007563 We take the cubed root of both sides. r8cbAVsS3oI-00019-00007563-00007933 I'm going to put both sides to the power of one-third. r8cbAVsS3oI-00020-00007992-00008590 But when we punch this into our calculator, what we're going to find is r8cbAVsS3oI-00021-00008590-00009028 that the cubed root of negative 64 is negative 4. r8cbAVsS3oI-00022-00009088-00009346 Now why do we get the difference? r8cbAVsS3oI-00023-00009346-00009620 I mean, there's a negative in front, so that seems logical. r8cbAVsS3oI-00024-00009620-00010223 But the thing to keep in mind is the cubed root is what has to be multiplied r8cbAVsS3oI-00025-00010223-00010542 by itself three times to get our 64 back. r8cbAVsS3oI-00026-00010580-00011000 So in our case, a negative 4 times a negative -- oop, shouldn't be doing x's. r8cbAVsS3oI-00027-00011088-00012252 A dot. Negative 4 times negative 4 times negative 4, that's going to equal negative 64, r8cbAVsS3oI-00028-00012252-00012408 because two of the negatives will cancel. r8cbAVsS3oI-00029-00012408-00012503 We're still left with one. r8cbAVsS3oI-00030-00012552-00012878 And really, this just actually shows a general rule. r8cbAVsS3oI-00031-00012905-00013681 If we're ever taking the root of a number, and it's an odd number. r8cbAVsS3oI-00032-00013709-00014138 So the fifth root, the third root, the seventh root, the ninety-ninth root. r8cbAVsS3oI-00033-00014229-00014605 Whatever number we get will have the same sign as the original number. r8cbAVsS3oI-00034-00014666-00014876 So in this case, it was originally positive. r8cbAVsS3oI-00035-00014891-00014977 The answer's positive. r8cbAVsS3oI-00036-00014984-00015223 In this case, it was originally negative, so it stays negative. r8cbAVsS3oI-00037-00015252-00015715 So just keep that in mind when we're working with the odd root of a number. r8cbAVsS3oI-00038-00015845-00015867 Thanks. rq3GiFln8RE-00000-00000000-00000200 Pickling & Unpickling in Python rrLLbcC-s9Y-00000-00000032-00000552 A Muslim recently asked me if I could provide one reason why Islam is false. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00001-00000664-00001672 No, I’m afraid I can’t do that. It would be far too hard… to limit myself to just one! rrLLbcC-s9Y-00002-00002640-00003296 Welcome back to Reasoned Answers. I normally focus on in depth answers to theological questions, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00003-00003352-00004047 but today I have a milestone to celebrate. I recent released my 100th video and to celebrate rrLLbcC-s9Y-00004-00004104-00004800 I’m going to list 100 reasons why I believe Islam is false. Obviously with 100 reasons to get rrLLbcC-s9Y-00005-00004800-00005560 through, I can’t spend much time on each, lest we be here all night. But I will put the references rrLLbcC-s9Y-00006-00005560-00006072 on the screen, and encourage you to verify the Islamic texts actually say what I claim. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00007-00006176-00006744 This isn’t a countdown, but I’ve grouped things thematically with the most devastating category rrLLbcC-s9Y-00008-00006744-00007592 coming last, so things will get meatier as we go. And yes, even with 100 spots to fill, I did have rrLLbcC-s9Y-00009-00007592-00008064 to leave a lot of good stuff off the list. With all that out of the way, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00010-00008064-00008704 let’s jump in. First up are self-serving revelation and special privileges. A “prophet” rrLLbcC-s9Y-00011-00008760-00009336 receiving “revelation” that benefits only him is a hallmark of cults. Sure, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00012-00009400-00010072 it doesn’t prove the revelation false, strictly speaking, but it sure is a big red flag. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00013-00010136-00010704 And Muhammad raised so many red flags, you’d think you were at a communist rally. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00014-00010920-00011432 The Quran, the book which claims to be guidance for all people in all ages, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00015-00011432-00012032 contains the utterly useless command to not overstay your welcome at Muhammad’s dinner party rrLLbcC-s9Y-00016-00012032-00012784 because he's “too shy” to tell you himself, but thankfully Allah isn’t shy like that. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00017-00012904-00013184 After Muhammad got caught having sex with his slave girl, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00018-00013256-00013872 despite having numerous wives whom he supposedly “visited” all in the same night, he made a promise rrLLbcC-s9Y-00019-00013872-00014568 to his angry wives that he would stop. That is, until Allah rebuked him for making the oath. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00020-00014752-00015072 Muslim men are limited to four wives, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00021-00015072-00015696 but not Muhammad, he gets as many as he wants thanks to a special decree of Allah. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00022-00015952-00016448 Speaking of Muhammad’s wives, when two of them shared his secrets with each other, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00023-00016504-00016984 Allah revealed a threat saying they could be replaced in his eternal word rrLLbcC-s9Y-00024-00017192-00017752 And then there is Muhammad’s wife Sawdah. When she grew old, she feared Muhammad would divorce her, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00025-00017752-00018448 so she cut a deal allowing Muhammad to spend more time Aisha. Allah endorsed the deal by sending rrLLbcC-s9Y-00026-00018448-00019352 down surah 4:128 and just to be sure everyone knew it was OK, Allah added 33:51 as well. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00027-00019624-00020104 And who could forget Zainab, the beautiful wife of Muhammad’s adopted son. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00028-00020160-00021040 Or should I say ex-wife? After Muhammad saw her scantily clothed, he desired her. Zainab husband rrLLbcC-s9Y-00029-00021040-00021888 Zaid offed to divorce her, but Muhammad said no. Then mysteriously Allah “corrected” him, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00030-00021888-00022296 with the bizarre excuse that this was done to solve the non-existent problem rrLLbcC-s9Y-00031-00022352-00022840 of people wondering if it was lawful to marry their adopted son’s ex-wives. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00032-00022960-00023352 You might be getting the impression it was all about women for Muhammad, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00033-00023352-00023952 and you wouldn’t be alone in thinking that. Multiple hadith claim Muhammad rrLLbcC-s9Y-00034-00023952-00024496 loved women and perfume above all else, while at least one adds food as well. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00035-00024624-00025176 I don’t know about you, but that sure sounds more like a hedonist than a prophet to me rrLLbcC-s9Y-00036-00025256-00026048 Which brings us to our next category: the gross immorality of Muhammad. While immorality doesn’t rrLLbcC-s9Y-00037-00026048-00026608 necessarily invalidate a claim to prophethood, it certainly invalidates the Islam belief that rrLLbcC-s9Y-00038-00026608-00027239 Muhammad is the perfect example for all humanity to follow. Let’s look at a few examples: rrLLbcC-s9Y-00039-00027480-00027920 After Muhammad and his small band of followers moved to Medina in 622, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00040-00027976-00028592 they faced a problem: where were they going to get income from? Muhammad’s solution?: rrLLbcC-s9Y-00041-00028688-00029056 raiding unarmed trade caravans and taking their stuff. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00042-00029336-00029848 The plan proved successful and Muhammad used the same basic model to spread rrLLbcC-s9Y-00043-00029848-00030383 Islam – promising war booty, or ghanīmah, in exchange for fighting. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00044-00030624-00031272 War booty wasn’t the only way Muhammad kept people in Islam, however, as he was not above bribery. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00045-00031520-00032016 And speaking of greed, a man named Kianna knew where a certain treasure was hidden. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00046-00032080-00032688 Muhammad wanted it, so he gave the order: “Torture him until you extract what he has.” rrLLbcC-s9Y-00047-00032768-00033088 A fire was lit on Kianna’s chest and eventually rrLLbcC-s9Y-00048-00033088-00033784 he was killed. Sadly, Muhammad never did learn where the treasure was. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00049-00033864-00034136 War booty wasn’t the only thing Muhammad’s soldiers got. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00050-00034200-00034544 When his men were apart from their wives and feeling horny, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00051-00034544-00035184 Muhammad said “don’t worry you can have sex with all the captive women you want.” rrLLbcC-s9Y-00052-00035288-00035616 Alternatively, soldiers were given the option of doing mut’a, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00053-00035680-00036328 that is paying a woman for a brief "marriage," or what anyone else would call prostitution. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00054-00036560-00037288 But wait, didn’t Muhammad elevate the status of women? Apparently not: a woman was beat rrLLbcC-s9Y-00055-00037288-00038024 by her husband until her skin turned green which caused Aisha, Muhammad’s child bride, to remark: rrLLbcC-s9Y-00056-00038088-00038720 “I have not seen any woman suffering as much as the believing women.” Muhammad’s response: rrLLbcC-s9Y-00057-00038792-00039056 she deserved it for speaking ill of her husband. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00058-00039352-00039896 He also claimed women were deficient in religion and intelligence, by the way. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00059-00040120-00040552 When a follower killed a woman in front of her child for making fun of Muhammad, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00060-00040616-00040920 he declared that nothing wrong had occurred rrLLbcC-s9Y-00061-00041112-00041624 Which is hardly surprising since Muhammad ordered the execution of a 100-year-old poet rrLLbcC-s9Y-00062-00041624-00042184 who mocked him, a slave girl wrote satirical songs about him, and many other critics. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00063-00042416-00043048 Speaking of slaves, Muhammad bought, sold, and traded slaves, including black Africans rrLLbcC-s9Y-00064-00043048-00043776 incidentally, as a form of currency. Muhammad even rebuked a man who freed rrLLbcC-s9Y-00065-00043776-00044280 six slaves at the time of his death and forced four of them back into slavery. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00066-00044512-00045072 And no discussion of Muhammad’s immoral actions is complete without mentioning his favorite rrLLbcC-s9Y-00067-00045144-00045896 “wife.” At the rip young age of 50, Muhammad married the six-year-old Aisha. But don’t worry, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00068-00045960-00046264 he waited until she was nine to rape her. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00069-00046264-00046792 Yes, rape; a nine-year-old cannot possibly give informed consent for sex. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00070-00046872-00047272 Taking a step up, we go from immoral actions of Muhammad rrLLbcC-s9Y-00071-00047272-00047552 to immoral actions of his sock puppet god. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00072-00047760-00048384 As we’ve seen, Allah has space in his eternal word for Muhammad’s dinner parties and commands for him rrLLbcC-s9Y-00073-00048384-00048952 to marry the ex-wife of his adopted son, but do you know what Allah didn’t have space for: any rrLLbcC-s9Y-00074-00048952-00049592 condemnation of rape. In fact, he encouraged it giving men permission to have sex with the women rrLLbcC-s9Y-00075-00049592-00050272 their right hand possesses – that is war captives and slaves – in addition to their four wives. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00076-00050464-00050752 But we really shouldn’t be surprised. After all, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00077-00050752-00051312 Allah’s describes women as fields for their husbands to plow when and how they please rrLLbcC-s9Y-00078-00051584-00052208 Likewise, Muslim men are given permission to beat their wives if they merely fear disobedience. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00079-00052455-00052936 And how old are those wives? The Quran gives no minimum age, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00080-00052936-00053384 but makes it clear prepubescent marriage is permitted rrLLbcC-s9Y-00081-00053500-00054144 And lest there be any doubt a women’s status in Islam, don’t forget that men are promised rrLLbcC-s9Y-00082-00054144-00054848 big-breasted, eternally virgin houris in paradise. Women, of course, don’t get any similar privilege. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00083-00055040-00055744 Enough on sex and sexism, let’s look at violence in the Quran. Muslims are command to fight Jews rrLLbcC-s9Y-00084-00055744-00056336 and Christians until they either convert or pay the jizyah and feel themselves subjugated. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00085-00056552-00056808 In comparison to others, though, that's a privilege. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00086-00056872-00057312 Muslims are commanded to “kill the polytheists wherever you find them” rrLLbcC-s9Y-00087-00057552-00058088 And why is this justified? Because disbelievers are the worst of all creatures rrLLbcC-s9Y-00088-00058328-00058791 If that isn’t bad enough, a Muslim is permitted to kill a child if it is rrLLbcC-s9Y-00089-00058791-00059408 feared the child will grow up to be a disbeliever, but only if Allah makes one do it, of course. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00090-00059504-00059832 Which brings us to some deficiencies of Allah himself. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00091-00059920-00060384 It seems this sock puppet has a few holes in it. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00092-00060504-00061104 Allah causes some people to obey and others to disobey; he does not grant anyone free will. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00093-00061352-00061936 Allah is not all loving; indeed, he does not unbelievers, the wrongdoers, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00094-00061936-00062696 the wasteful, transgressors, the treacherous, or the arrogant. This in spite of the fact rrLLbcC-s9Y-00095-00062696-00063184 that he was the one that caused these actions to begin with. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00096-00063240-00063800 Then Allah just arbitrarily forgives whom he likes and punishes whom he likes. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00097-00064016-00064520 But that’s not all. Allah will mercifully place the sins of Muslims on Jews and rrLLbcC-s9Y-00098-00064520-00065000 Christians on judgment day and then presumably punish them accordingly. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00099-00065240-00065816 Indeed, human beings have no value in the sight of Allah; some are created solely so Allah rrLLbcC-s9Y-00100-00065816-00066408 can make them go astray and then destroy them. That sure doesn’t sound like a just god to me. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00101-00066656-00066952 In the Quran, Allah and his angels pray. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00102-00067032-00067840 The angels presumably pray to Allah, but who does he pray to? No one knows. Muslims try rrLLbcC-s9Y-00103-00067840-00068800 to claim the verse means “send blessings” which just shifts the problem, making the angels gods. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00104-00068800-00069336 Allah calls himself the greatest of all deceivers, an ironically true statement. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00105-00069600-00070088 Allah makes that boast while tricking people into believing Jesus was crucified, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00106-00070088-00070696 thus creating the world’s largest religion. But wait, Christians are destined to hell. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00107-00070768-00071144 So, doesn’t that mean Allah caused billions to go to hell through his deceit? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00108-00071272-00071664 Up next, some reasons to doubt Muhammad’s prophethood came from God, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00109-00071736-00072344 the non-sock puppet one that is. According to Islamic tradition, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00110-00072344-00072880 it all began when Muhammad was hanging out in a cave and had an encounter where he was rrLLbcC-s9Y-00111-00072880-00073608 squeezed by an unknown force until he thought he would die. That seems pretty demonic to me, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00112-00073608-00074392 and Muhammad agreed. His initial impression was that he was possessed by a jinn rrLLbcC-s9Y-00113-00074392-00074808 Because of this, Muhammad tried to commit suicide. Later rrLLbcC-s9Y-00114-00074808-00075280 when revelations stopped for a period he again wanted to commit suicide rrLLbcC-s9Y-00115-00075496-00075824 Later in his career, Muhammad was the victim of black magic rrLLbcC-s9Y-00116-00075824-00076464 that gave him delusional thoughts, a clear sign he was not protected from evil by God. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00117-00076712-00077280 Meanwhile, Muhammad made several prophecies which have proven false. For example, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00118-00077280-00077880 he predicted the imminent end of the world, saying a young boy then living would not be very old when rrLLbcC-s9Y-00119-00077880-00078584 the last hour came and elsewhere saying that no one would be living 100 years from then rrLLbcC-s9Y-00120-00078648-00079184 And what about the odd death of Muhammad? In the Quran, Allah says that if Muhammad was rrLLbcC-s9Y-00121-00079184-00079856 giving false revelation he would die by having his aorta cut. Then as he was dying Muhammad rrLLbcC-s9Y-00122-00079856-00080544 exclaimed “I feel as if my aorta is being cut.” Kinda sounds like a death bed confession to me. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00123-00080816-00081464 Muhammad stated that bells are the instruments of the devil. He also stated that his revelation came rrLLbcC-s9Y-00124-00081464-00082000 with a sound like a bell. Another admission of his own fraudulent claims perhaps? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00125-00082200-00082608 Speaking of Satan, at one point, Muhammad revealed verses rrLLbcC-s9Y-00126-00082608-00083192 supporting polytheism. He later claimed that he had been tricked by Satan into doing so. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00127-00083280-00083848 Conveniently, this story, now known as the satanic verses, has been whitewashed from many later rrLLbcC-s9Y-00128-00083848-00084568 Muslim histories, which brings us to the next set of reasons Islam is false: historical problems rrLLbcC-s9Y-00129-00084568-00085264 with the formation of Islam. In Islam, the deeper one dives, the shakier the history gets. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00130-00085464-00085840 The satanic verses incident is found in numerous texts, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00131-00085840-00086376 making it hard to deny historically. But attempts to wipe it from Islamic history, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00132-00086376-00087080 reflect a common pattern. The earliest biographies of Muhammad have been lost. The earliest one rrLLbcC-s9Y-00133-00087080-00087672 extant to significant amount is that of Ibn Ishaq, more than 100 years after the time of Muhammad. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00134-00087752-00088384 His work was preserved by Ibn Hisham who edited it down and removed some controversial parts. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00135-00088456-00089032 This is not itself all that problematic. What is problematic is the work paints a very different, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00136-00089088-00089440 much more violent picture of Muhammad than Islam today claims. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00137-00089640-00090272 Muslims now reject Ibn Ishaq and instead rely on hadith collections which were compiled 200 rrLLbcC-s9Y-00138-00090272-00090936 or more years after Muhammad died. Historically speaking, this is a huge problem as the earliest rrLLbcC-s9Y-00139-00090936-00091560 sources are rejected in favor of later ones, which have had much more time to be sanitized. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00140-00091744-00092064 Muslim works aren’t the only source of information, however, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00141-00092064-00092584 and several non-Muslims texts describing Muhammad predate the earliest Islamic texts. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00142-00092672-00093200 These paint another picture of Muhammad, seeing him as combination of a military leader rrLLbcC-s9Y-00143-00093200-00093672 and claimed prophet of Christianity, but never as the founder of a new religion. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00144-00093888-00094304 Then there is the Quran itself. It paints a picture of an end times rrLLbcC-s9Y-00145-00094304-00094552 prophet who thought the world was about to end. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00146-00094640-00095432 Furthermore, the prophet seems to think he was sent only to the Arabs, not to all of humanity. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00147-00095432-00095968 That’s four sources of possible information about Muhammad and four different pictures painted, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00148-00096048-00096672 none of which match modern Muslim claims about Muhammad. What should we believe? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00149-00096760-00097480 The lack of extant “trusted” sources (other than the Quran) for Islam’s first 200 years, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00150-00097480-00098240 combined with the differing pictures of Muhammad, is highly suspicious. It sure looks like legendary rrLLbcC-s9Y-00151-00098240-00098976 development, or even outright whitewashing and deception, occurred. Islam as we know rrLLbcC-s9Y-00152-00098976-00099768 requires the hadith to be 100% true, but historically that is simply not plausible. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00153-00099976-00100570 Speaking of whitewashed history, what’s the deal with Mecca? Islamic tradition says it rrLLbcC-s9Y-00154-00100570-00101096 is the oldest city in the world and that it was a great trade capital before Muhammad’s time. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00155-00101152-00101480 However, there is no concrete evidence – physical rrLLbcC-s9Y-00156-00101480-00101960 or documentary - that it even existed before the 7th century. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00157-00102176-00102624 Every mosque is supposed to point to Mecca, but when we look at the earliest ones, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00158-00102624-00103304 they seem to point instead to Petra. Mecca is mentioned only once in the Quran by name. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00159-00103368-00104000 The geography described is compatible with an Islamic origin in either Petra or in Yemen, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00160-00104000-00104376 but definitely not compatible with the present day location of Mecca. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00161-00104616-00105176 Then there is the Quran itself. The Quran is supposed to be the eternal word of Allah, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00162-00105176-00105816 in existence from before the foundation of the earth, giving guidance to all people in all ages. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00163-00105880-00106583 Yet, when we take a close look it appears it was written in the 7th century for 7th century people. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00164-00106648-00107359 For example, it repeatedly says “remember such and such” and then gives minimal details rrLLbcC-s9Y-00165-00107359-00107983 or no details at all. It seems to expect the audience to already know the story. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00166-00108200-00108848 Which makes perfect sense given the of evidence that the author or authors of the Quran were in rrLLbcC-s9Y-00167-00108848-00109480 fact repeating well known stories, not personal revelation. The Quran itself rrLLbcC-s9Y-00168-00109480-00110072 contains the accusation that Muhammad was merely copying the tales of the ancients several times. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00169-00110320-00111080 Likewise, surah 16:103 contains an accusation that Muhammad has a human teacher and then gives the rrLLbcC-s9Y-00170-00111080-00111759 ridiculous defense that the teacher is of foreign tongue. Apparently, the eternal word of Allah knew rrLLbcC-s9Y-00171-00111759-00112344 the specific person who people were going to say Muhammad was getting information from and had this rrLLbcC-s9Y-00172-00112344-00113183 defense ready for all of eternity. But the defense is idiotic – human language can be translated. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00173-00113344-00113680 Furthermore, the defense states the Quran is pure Arabic, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00174-00113759-00114032 when in fact in contains many foreign loan words. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00175-00114304-00114848 Muslims will say the accusation of copying is false, that the Quran was correcting “corrupted” rrLLbcC-s9Y-00176-00114848-00115624 copies of previous revelation. Note, first that the Quran itself contains no such claim. It merely rrLLbcC-s9Y-00177-00115624-00116400 asserts the accusers are wrong in most places, or, as we saw, makes lame, invalid defenses. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00178-00116400-00117048 It seems Muslims know better than their god. But it gets worse. The Quran actually copies very rrLLbcC-s9Y-00179-00117048-00117783 little from the Bible, but instead copies from midrash – Jewish commentaries on the scriptures. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00180-00117880-00118248 And that’s not all it copies, it also copies later legends rrLLbcC-s9Y-00181-00118248-00118672 such as the Seven Sleepers that were never considered scripture by anyone. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00182-00118880-00119368 It even borrows a pagan tale of Alexander the Great, named Dhul Qarnayn in the Quran, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00183-00119424-00119848 where he travels to the ends of the earth, and passes it off as fact. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00184-00119976-00120616 Which brings us to the many historical and scientific errors of the Quran. Remember, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00185-00120616-00120944 the Quran is supposed to be the literal speech of God, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00186-00120944-00121464 so it should be error free. Instead, we find very little that's accurate. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00187-00121688-00122192 In the aforementioned tale of Dhul Qarnayn, the hero travels so far west that he comes rrLLbcC-s9Y-00188-00122192-00122792 to the place where the sun sets. What does he find? The sun sets in a muddy pool of water. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00189-00123032-00123448 Then he travels so far east he comes to the place where the sun rises rrLLbcC-s9Y-00190-00123448-00123816 and finds a people without protection from the intense light. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00191-00123911-00124504 These descriptions only make sense if the earth is flat and the sun much smaller than the earth. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00192-00124735-00125216 Speaking of a flat earth, the Quran states or implies just that many times. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00193-00125464-00126008 The sky, meanwhile, is apparently a solid object that will fall on people if Allah rrLLbcC-s9Y-00194-00126008-00126616 doesn’t hold it up. This conception of the sky is supported by reference to invisible pillars. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00195-00126832-00127624 Likewise, the “perfectly clear” Quran strongly implies geocentricism. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00196-00127624-00127896 Stars are then tiny objects in the lowest heaven rrLLbcC-s9Y-00197-00128176-00128648 Allah uses these stars as defensive missiles against jinn trying to sneak into heaven. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00198-00128904-00129248 When you see a shooting star, which of course is not actually a star, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00199-00129311-00129856 this is proof of the Quranic claim, at least according to its best interpreter, Muhammad rrLLbcC-s9Y-00200-00130080-00130520 The Quran falsely claims sperm comes from between the backbone and ribs rrLLbcC-s9Y-00201-00130704-00130935 It claims human beings begin as a drop of blood rrLLbcC-s9Y-00202-00131128-00131784 It claims all living things come in gendered pairs, having no knowledge of asexual reproduction rrLLbcC-s9Y-00203-00131960-00132424 All animals live in communities according to Allah, but sadly that one's false as well rrLLbcC-s9Y-00204-00132664-00133016 Allah confuses Mary, the sister of Aaron and Moses, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00205-00133016-00133600 and Mary, the mother of Jesus, two women who lived more than 1000 years apart rrLLbcC-s9Y-00206-00133808-00134240 Speaking of Mary, Allah seems to think Christians take her as part of the Trinity rrLLbcC-s9Y-00207-00134328-00134776 and never once condemns the actual belief of the Christian Trinity. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00208-00135064-00135448 The Quran also claims Jesus prophesied the coming of “Ahmed” rrLLbcC-s9Y-00209-00135448-00135728 by name, but there is no evidence of that. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00210-00135968-00136584 The Quran claims Jews take Ezra as the son of God in the same sense Christians take Jesus as the Son rrLLbcC-s9Y-00211-00136584-00137384 of God, but there is no solid evidence that anyone ever did that, let alone large groups of Jews. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00212-00137504-00137936 Allah also claims John the Baptist was the first person given that name, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00213-00137936-00138200 even though we know of many Johns before him. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00214-00138456-00138784 And what about the massive iron wall of Dhul Qarnayn? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00215-00138864-00139304 It's supposed to exist until the day of judgment, yet it's nowhere to be found. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00216-00139392-00139768 There are many more scientific and historical errors in the Quran, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00217-00139768-00140216 but I think that is enough. Let’s move on to internal contradictions. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00218-00140280-00140864 Muslims will, of course, try to find ways to resolve these, but remember the Quran rrLLbcC-s9Y-00219-00140864-00141624 supposedly has only one author, God himself, who is perfectly clear and explains himself in detail, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00220-00141624-00142080 so elaborate explanations shouldn’t be needed to explain Allah’s differing claims. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00221-00142296-00142792 Where is Allah? The Quran gives multiple answers and even Muslim scholars have rrLLbcC-s9Y-00222-00142792-00143232 been unable to solve the mystery, disagreeing strongly among themselves. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00223-00143440-00143680 Does Allah lead people astray or not? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00224-00143872-00144384 Does Allah forgive all sins or are some too grave for forgiveness? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00225-00144504-00144920 Can people bear the burdens of others or only their own sins? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00226-00145144-00145784 How many days of creation were there, 6 or 8? Or maybe it was just an instant rrLLbcC-s9Y-00227-00145976-00146464 What was man created from? The Quran gives no less than 6 different answers! rrLLbcC-s9Y-00228-00146664-00147416 Who was the first Muslim? Muhammad? Moses? Abraham? Or maybe it was a group of Egyptians? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00229-00147688-00147904 Is alcohol permitted or forbidden? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00230-00148160-00148800 That last one, and some other contradictions on moral teaching are “solved” by abrogation. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00231-00148896-00149392 The idea that Allah changed his commands over time sounds reasonable first, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00232-00149392-00149736 at least if you imagine Allah slowly bringing along rrLLbcC-s9Y-00233-00149736-00150280 7th century people. But then you remember that this is supposedly his eternal speech rrLLbcC-s9Y-00234-00150336-00150944 given multiple times to multiple different people, and the claim makes no sense at all. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00235-00151104-00151664 Which brings us to our last category: internal incoherence and logical errors of the Quran rrLLbcC-s9Y-00236-00151664-00152072 and Islamic beliefs. That’s right, one need look no further than the rrLLbcC-s9Y-00237-00152072-00152528 Quran’s own claims about itself for any rational person to say, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00238-00152608-00153168 “I’m smarter than this Allah fellow, but I’m no God, so he ain’t neither.” rrLLbcC-s9Y-00239-00153408-00154032 Speaking of abrogation, most Muslims don’t realize it, but hadith can and often do abrogate the rrLLbcC-s9Y-00240-00154032-00154728 Quran. That’s right, Muhammad’s words can overrule Allah’s eternal word. But doesn’t rrLLbcC-s9Y-00241-00154728-00155592 that make Muhammad a god? Even though the Quran asserts he is only a warner over and over again? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00242-00155592-00155944 Other times Muslims simply forgot large portions of the Quran, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00243-00156008-00156360 but don’t worry that just means those verses were abrogated too. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00244-00156416-00156984 Indeed, even a tame sheep can abrogate verses when it eats the only copy of the text in question. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00245-00157288-00157776 The Quran repeatedly states or implies it is confirming the Torah and Gospels rrLLbcC-s9Y-00246-00157776-00158368 and that if people were following them, they would follow Muhammad too. But, even Muslims will agree rrLLbcC-s9Y-00247-00158368-00158896 that the Bible and Quran teach very different things. But that makes the Quran’s claims false. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00248-00159112-00159440 To avoid this, Muslims claim the Bible has been corrupted. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00249-00159528-00159944 This defies the historical evidence, and also means they are supposedly rrLLbcC-s9Y-00250-00159944-00160400 smarter than their god who never once mentions said corruption explicitly. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00251-00160664-00161152 Similarly, the Quran states several times that Muhammad is found in the Jewish and Christian rrLLbcC-s9Y-00252-00161152-00161808 scriptures. Sadly, the Quran doesn’t cite any specifics so Muslims are left to guess where rrLLbcC-s9Y-00253-00161808-00162616 Muhammad is mentioned and they haven’t been able to come up with anything remotely convincing. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00254-00162616-00163280 Muslims believe Jesus was a Muslim prophet who attracted many Muslim followers. In the Quran, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00255-00163280-00163904 Allah promises to that the true followers of Jesus will be superior over the unbelievers and remain rrLLbcC-s9Y-00256-00163904-00164584 that way until judgment day. However, the only followers of Jesus that have ever been superior rrLLbcC-s9Y-00257-00164584-00165304 in power or numbers are Christians. And Christians are definitely not Muslims, so either the Quran rrLLbcC-s9Y-00258-00165304-00165864 is wrong about who will become uppermost or it is wrong about Jesus’ followers being Muslims rrLLbcC-s9Y-00259-00166152-00166672 Indeed, there is no evidence that Jesus ever had a single Muslim follower. Which rrLLbcC-s9Y-00260-00166672-00167200 brings us to the next problem: The Quran claims it sent a messenger to every nation. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00261-00167272-00167872 Yet, 100% of the prophets before Muhammad that it knows about – unless we consider Alexander rrLLbcC-s9Y-00262-00167872-00168504 the Great a prophet – were sent to Israel. Furthermore, the verse says some in every nation rrLLbcC-s9Y-00263-00168504-00169232 were rightly guided by Allah. Yet, strangely, there's zero historic evidence of any messenger rrLLbcC-s9Y-00264-00169232-00169832 or any Muslim follower for any of the hundreds of nations that existed before Muhammad’s time. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00265-00170144-00170560 The Quran’s primary proof of its own inspiration is the “surah like rrLLbcC-s9Y-00266-00170560-00171144 it” challenge. Unbelievers are challenged to produce something like the Quran. Supposedly rrLLbcC-s9Y-00267-00171144-00171560 when they realize they can’t do it, they'll be impressed and know the Quran is from God. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00268-00171664-00172160 There are many problems with this, starting with the fact the author of the Quran can’t make up rrLLbcC-s9Y-00269-00172160-00172912 his mind on how many like surahs are required. Is it one surah, ten surahs, or a whole book? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00270-00173128-00173696 Then there's the problem that no clear criteria are given. Indeed, even Muslims scholars disagree rrLLbcC-s9Y-00271-00173696-00174232 about whether the challenge refers to supposed beauty of the rhetoric or unparalleled teaching. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00272-00174544-00175088 In Muhammad’s day, multiple people claimed to meet or exceed the challenge saying their own poetry rrLLbcC-s9Y-00273-00175088-00175712 was better. Satan apparently tricked Muhammad himself into thinking his words were the Quran in rrLLbcC-s9Y-00274-00175712-00176360 the Satanic verses incident. Modern challengers likewise have sometimes fooled many Muslims. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00275-00176432-00177008 In contrast, I have never heard of a single person converted to Islam by the challenge. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00276-00177272-00177880 But most importantly, the challenge is simply invalid from the start. Even if the Quran is rrLLbcC-s9Y-00277-00177880-00178488 completely unique, that wouldn’t make it from God. For such a claim to be true, every unique rrLLbcC-s9Y-00278-00178488-00179032 thing would have to come directly from God, which I don’t think anyone would agree with. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00279-00179304-00179936 Then there is the Quran’s other challenge: “Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00280-00179936-00180640 If it had been from other than Allah, they would have found within it much contradiction.” You do rrLLbcC-s9Y-00281-00180640-00181200 have to admire the confidence of Allah leaving himself the escape hatch of “much.” rrLLbcC-s9Y-00282-00181512-00182192 Even ignoring that, Allah goofed up big time. Muslims tend to read the verse as if it said rrLLbcC-s9Y-00283-00182192-00182824 “If this contains much error, it is not from God.” That statement would be alright, but it rrLLbcC-s9Y-00284-00182824-00183544 can only invalidate, not validate the Quran. I.E., it is a negative challenge. That wasn’t rrLLbcC-s9Y-00285-00183544-00184240 good enough for Allah, so he proposed a positive challenge instead. The problem is, it only works rrLLbcC-s9Y-00286-00184240-00184976 if it is always true that something without much error comes from God. That is obviously not true, rrLLbcC-s9Y-00287-00184976-00185716 meaning the verse itself is an error of logic, and the challenge is dead before it even begins. Ouch. rrLLbcC-s9Y-00288-00185952-00186568 So, there you have it, 100 reasons why Islam is false. I could go on, and I certainly left many rrLLbcC-s9Y-00289-00186568-00187176 things off the list, but I think that should be more than enough for any rational person to see rrLLbcC-s9Y-00290-00187176-00187896 Islam cannot possibly be true. So, what’s it going to be Muslims? Are you going to be rational adults rrLLbcC-s9Y-00291-00187896-00188552 and leave childish things behind, or are you going to cling to the religion of your youth like Aisha rrLLbcC-s9Y-00292-00188552-00189184 clung to her dolls as the “prophet” brought her into his house so that he could have sex with her? rrLLbcC-s9Y-00293-00189360-00189544 Thanks for watching rtlJ3iNIJKo-00000-00000017-00000203 I will give each and every one of you rtlJ3iNIJKo-00001-00000223-00000547 all A's for the whole semester... rtlJ3iNIJKo-00002-00000653-00000750 If? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00003-00000764-00001131 ...if you can all go one full week rtlJ3iNIJKo-00004-00001157-00001421 without using modern technology. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00005-00001434-00001638 - No phones? - No phones! rtlJ3iNIJKo-00006-00001734-00001928 And no laptops or Pear Pads, rtlJ3iNIJKo-00007-00001941-00002429 no electronic device made since I was born. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00008-00002776-00003103 [arguing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00009-00003116-00003276 I need my phone! rtlJ3iNIJKo-00010-00003410-00003646 I need my phone! I need my phone! rtlJ3iNIJKo-00011-00004077-00004220 What is that? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00012-00004290-00004437 A bowl of mayonnaise. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00013-00004491-00004634 For what? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00014-00004701-00004821 [sighing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00015-00004834-00004991 I read online that soaking your face rtlJ3iNIJKo-00016-00005004-00005248 in mayonnaise for ten minutes a day makes a girl prettier. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00017-00005445-00005595 [doorbell ringing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00018-00005608-00005819 Just tell Mason Thorne Smith that you're not gonna play rtlJ3iNIJKo-00019-00005832-00005952 his little game anymore. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00020-00006019-00006152 But... rtlJ3iNIJKo-00021-00006166-00006369 The world needs to see who you really are... rtlJ3iNIJKo-00022-00006476-00006566 [music playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00023-00006579-00006676 'cause you're awesome. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00024-00006689-00007063 [music playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00025-00007077-00007457 [music playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00026-00007470-00007580 Oh. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00027-00007594-00007700 Who wants pie? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00028-00007714-00007901 - Um. - Hi. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00029-00007914-00008068 - I gotta go. - Okay, later. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00030-00008081-00008324 School stuff. Bye. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00031-00008498-00008635 [yawning] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00032-00008678-00008948 So, do you feel like you did well? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00033-00008975-00009082 I think. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00034-00009119-00009242 I mean, Andre wrote an amazing song, rtlJ3iNIJKo-00035-00009255-00009436 and he said we sounded great together. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00036-00009506-00009789 - And Trina? - Uh, not so good. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00037-00009803-00009923 Oh. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00038-00010073-00010286 I don't get the point of this exercise. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00039-00010613-00010710 [tv playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00040-00010724-00010877 You wanna watch CSI ? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00041-00011197-00011327 M'kay. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00042-00011484-00011878 [tv playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00043-00011925-00012245 I'm gonna count to three, No, no, ten. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00044-00012258-00012555 I'm gonna count to ten. And then I'm gonna-- rtlJ3iNIJKo-00045-00012569-00012686 [screaming] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00046-00012782-00013379 [cheering] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00047-00013396-00013513 [groaning] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00048-00013563-00013777 You're ever so welcome. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00049-00013827-00013980 I don't talk like that! rtlJ3iNIJKo-00050-00014534-00014637 [squeaking] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00051-00014918-00015211 [coughing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00052-00015248-00015362 [laughing] I tell ya, rtlJ3iNIJKo-00053-00015375-00015738 she cannot hold they hot sauce. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00054-00015795-00016266 [laughing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00055-00016279-00016416 [shrieking] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00056-00016429-00016556 [laughing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00057-00016773-00016896 [whistle blowing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00058-00016910-00017380 [music playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00059-00017393-00017887 [music playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00060-00017901-00018007 Switch! rtlJ3iNIJKo-00061-00018021-00018611 [music playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00062-00018625-00018935 [music playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00063-00019185-00019352 [doorbell ringing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00064-00020283-00020557 Oh my God, Shawn? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00065-00020670-00020777 Tarnie? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00066-00020820-00020914 Trina. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00067-00020957-00021081 What are you doing here? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00068-00021124-00021541 Bringing a special boy a special pizza from Italione's. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00069-00021591-00021744 You didn't tell me you worked there. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00070-00021758-00021968 Well, you didn't tell me rtlJ3iNIJKo-00071-00021981-00022285 you look so hot in a blue tshirt. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00072-00022425-00022722 They'll pay for our plane fares, our hotel rooms, our food rtlJ3iNIJKo-00073-00022736-00022949 and all we have to do is one performance a night. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00074-00022962-00023123 That sounds so fun. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00075-00023136-00023316 - And this island, uh... - Yerba. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00076-00023329-00023450 It's a cool place? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00077-00023463-00023643 Yeah. Festus said it's kind of like Hawaii. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00078-00023656-00023970 Oh, and I went to the official Yerba website... rtlJ3iNIJKo-00079-00024023-00024104 and look. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00080-00024177-00024404 - Ooh, look at that. - White sand beach. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00081-00024417-00024557 Computer. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00082-00024984-00025562 [music playing] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00083-00025575-00025832 So, I was telling one of those things where-- rtlJ3iNIJKo-00084-00026569-00026763 This dump is our hotel? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00085-00026870-00027040 I think it'd be better if I could talk to you rtlJ3iNIJKo-00086-00027053-00027203 by yourself first. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00087-00027237-00027373 What, without Rex? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00088-00027413-00027590 I don't care, I need a nap. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00089-00027620-00027741 [snoring] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00090-00027854-00028088 Um, do you have room in one of those drawers? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00091-00028101-00028204 Sure. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00092-00028635-00028788 [snoring] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00093-00029349-00029476 [snoring] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00094-00029596-00029699 [snoring] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00095-00029889-00030250 Oh, you guys, I love you both, but, please go away. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00096-00030356-00030503 You cramming for your Tech Theater Exam? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00097-00030517-00030924 Trying to. Oh, it's so much material, I'm stressed. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00098-00030970-00031144 Want me to rub that pretty neck? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00099-00031267-00031598 No. Wait. Yeah. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00100-00031928-00032028 [groaning] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00101-00032041-00032168 Ah. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00102-00032372-00032505 How can I assist you? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00103-00032519-00032802 I don't like this song. I need you to change it. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00104-00032982-00033136 Your phone is right next to you. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00105-00033149-00033400 Yeah, but I have a pickle in this hand rtlJ3iNIJKo-00106-00033413-00033563 and a lip gloss in this one. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00107-00034000-00034170 Why are we making a student film? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00108-00034184-00034307 We're not. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00109-00034320-00034541 So, why are we auditioning ladies to play Jessica? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00110-00034554-00034727 'Cause this is Tori's idea, alright? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00111-00034784-00034991 Oh, but all these ladies think they're auditioning for a role-- rtlJ3iNIJKo-00112-00035004-00035225 Here. Open. Yeah, that's right. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00113-00035238-00035662 Cat like cereal. Good. Good. Want some more? Want some more? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00114-00035698-00036015 Yeah. Any more questions? rtlJ3iNIJKo-00115-00036029-00036206 Don't have anymore questions. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00116-00036416-00036843 [grunting] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00117-00036856-00036996 - Mine. - Mine! rtlJ3iNIJKo-00118-00037010-00037110 [grunting] rtlJ3iNIJKo-00119-00037123-00037250 15/5. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00120-00037263-00037470 Tori, you messed up my shot. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00121-00037527-00037664 I don't wanna play anymore. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00122-00037947-00038051 You're ready. rtlJ3iNIJKo-00123-00038064-00038268 - He's ready. - I'm ready. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00000-00000513-00001309 Our modern world A world filled with technological marvels, rvDDuQD1Oh8-00001-00001309-00001596 made of miracle materials rvDDuQD1Oh8-00002-00001596-00002142 But there is one material so versatile, so extraordinary that if it didn’t exist, we’d rvDDuQD1Oh8-00003-00002142-00002648 have to invent it rvDDuQD1Oh8-00004-00002648-00003190 Wood Grown in Australia, in sustainably managed rvDDuQD1Oh8-00005-00003190-00003322 forests. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00006-00003322-00004039 Our forests are amazing places, and Australians use products made from wood and its components, rvDDuQD1Oh8-00007-00004039-00004441 every single day. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00008-00004441-00005418 Our forests give us somewhere to live Somewhere to think, to run and to rest. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00009-00005418-00005834 Our forests filter our water and nourish our soil, rvDDuQD1Oh8-00010-00005834-00006489 They soak up and store carbon, And purify the air we breathe rvDDuQD1Oh8-00011-00006489-00007099 They provide food and shelter for our wildlife, And give us the space to get away from our rvDDuQD1Oh8-00012-00007099-00007673 own wild lives. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00013-00007673-00008561 Our forests drive our industries, Strengthen our communities, rvDDuQD1Oh8-00014-00008561-00009172 Create jobs across our country, And power our economy. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00015-00009172-00010160 Our future, like our past and our present, depends on our forests rvDDuQD1Oh8-00016-00010160-00010920 Using cutting edge innovation and technology, the Australian forestry industry is committed rvDDuQD1Oh8-00017-00010920-00011325 to a future of sustainable growth. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00018-00011325-00011832 Where every tree we use is regrown and replaced. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00019-00011832-00012545 With this infinite capacity for renewal and its incredible variety of uses, it’s no rvDDuQD1Oh8-00020-00012545-00012939 wonder we call wood the ‘ultimate renewable’. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00021-00012939-00013588 Our forestry industry is driven by the passion of the people who work within it rvDDuQD1Oh8-00022-00013588-00014401 Committed to the stewardship of our forests, To protecting our wildlife and improving our rvDDuQD1Oh8-00023-00014401-00014515 environment. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00024-00014515-00015441 People like you and me, who are committed to achieving a cleaner, greener world. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00025-00015441-00016403 So next time you look up at the trees, think about wood and everything we use it for. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00026-00016403-00017400 And remember the forests it comes from, and the people who care for them. rvDDuQD1Oh8-00027-00017400-00017772 Australian forestry, planning for tomorrow, today. rvJcYSNRTRE-00000-00000010-00000053 SCORED A RUN IN THE NINTH. rvJcYSNRTRE-00001-00000053-00000060 SCORED A RUN IN THE NINTH. rvJcYSNRTRE-00002-00000060-00000180 SCORED A RUN IN THE NINTH. BUT AGAIN A LITTLE TOO SHORT. rvJcYSNRTRE-00003-00000180-00000186 SCORED A RUN IN THE NINTH. BUT AGAIN A LITTLE TOO SHORT. rvJcYSNRTRE-00004-00000186-00000393 SCORED A RUN IN THE NINTH. BUT AGAIN A LITTLE TOO SHORT. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, ANTHONY. rvJcYSNRTRE-00005-00000393-00000400 BUT AGAIN A LITTLE TOO SHORT. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, ANTHONY. rvJcYSNRTRE-00006-00000400-00000553 BUT AGAIN A LITTLE TOO SHORT. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, ANTHONY. >>> THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE rvJcYSNRTRE-00007-00000553-00000560 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, ANTHONY. >>> THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE rvJcYSNRTRE-00008-00000560-00000617 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, ANTHONY. >>> THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE VILLAGE HELD THEIR SECOND rvJcYSNRTRE-00009-00000617-00000623 >>> THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE VILLAGE HELD THEIR SECOND rvJcYSNRTRE-00010-00000623-00000764 >>> THE CONCORDIA LANGUAGE VILLAGE HELD THEIR SECOND INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE YEAR, rvJcYSNRTRE-00011-00000764-00000770 VILLAGE HELD THEIR SECOND INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE YEAR, rvJcYSNRTRE-00012-00000770-00000987 VILLAGE HELD THEIR SECOND INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE YEAR, AND THIS TIME THEY WERE JOINED rvJcYSNRTRE-00013-00000987-00000994 INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE YEAR, AND THIS TIME THEY WERE JOINED rvJcYSNRTRE-00014-00000994-00001187 INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE YEAR, AND THIS TIME THEY WERE JOINED BY A U.S. SENATOR. rvJcYSNRTRE-00015-00001187-00001194 AND THIS TIME THEY WERE JOINED BY A U.S. SENATOR. rvJcYSNRTRE-00016-00001194-00001257 AND THIS TIME THEY WERE JOINED BY A U.S. SENATOR. REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE TELLS rvJcYSNRTRE-00017-00001257-00001264 BY A U.S. SENATOR. REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE TELLS rvJcYSNRTRE-00018-00001264-00001321 BY A U.S. SENATOR. REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE TELLS ABOUT THE FESTIVITIES FOR rvJcYSNRTRE-00019-00001321-00001327 REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE TELLS ABOUT THE FESTIVITIES FOR rvJcYSNRTRE-00020-00001327-00001471 REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE TELLS ABOUT THE FESTIVITIES FOR THIS WEEK'S IN FOCUS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00021-00001471-00001478 ABOUT THE FESTIVITIES FOR THIS WEEK'S IN FOCUS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00022-00001478-00001791 ABOUT THE FESTIVITIES FOR THIS WEEK'S IN FOCUS. ♪ ♪ rvJcYSNRTRE-00023-00001791-00001798 THIS WEEK'S IN FOCUS. ♪ ♪ rvJcYSNRTRE-00024-00001798-00001975 THIS WEEK'S IN FOCUS. ♪ ♪ >> INTERNATIONAL DAY AT rvJcYSNRTRE-00025-00001975-00001981 ♪ ♪ >> INTERNATIONAL DAY AT rvJcYSNRTRE-00026-00001981-00002065 ♪ ♪ >> INTERNATIONAL DAY AT CONCORDIA LANGUAGE VILLAGE rvJcYSNRTRE-00027-00002065-00002072 >> INTERNATIONAL DAY AT CONCORDIA LANGUAGE VILLAGE rvJcYSNRTRE-00028-00002072-00002188 >> INTERNATIONAL DAY AT CONCORDIA LANGUAGE VILLAGE STARTED OFF WITH A SHOW OF DANCE rvJcYSNRTRE-00029-00002188-00002195 CONCORDIA LANGUAGE VILLAGE STARTED OFF WITH A SHOW OF DANCE rvJcYSNRTRE-00030-00002195-00002352 CONCORDIA LANGUAGE VILLAGE STARTED OFF WITH A SHOW OF DANCE AND DOZENS OF FLAGS WAVING rvJcYSNRTRE-00031-00002352-00002359 STARTED OFF WITH A SHOW OF DANCE AND DOZENS OF FLAGS WAVING rvJcYSNRTRE-00032-00002359-00002465 STARTED OFF WITH A SHOW OF DANCE AND DOZENS OF FLAGS WAVING PROUDLY IN THE AIR. rvJcYSNRTRE-00033-00002465-00002472 AND DOZENS OF FLAGS WAVING PROUDLY IN THE AIR. rvJcYSNRTRE-00034-00002472-00002692 AND DOZENS OF FLAGS WAVING PROUDLY IN THE AIR. FOR MINNESOTA SENATOR AMY rvJcYSNRTRE-00035-00002692-00002699 PROUDLY IN THE AIR. FOR MINNESOTA SENATOR AMY rvJcYSNRTRE-00036-00002699-00002789 PROUDLY IN THE AIR. FOR MINNESOTA SENATOR AMY KLOBUCHAR BEING BACK AT THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00037-00002789-00002796 FOR MINNESOTA SENATOR AMY KLOBUCHAR BEING BACK AT THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00038-00002796-00002902 FOR MINNESOTA SENATOR AMY KLOBUCHAR BEING BACK AT THE VILLAGE IS EXTRA SPECIAL. rvJcYSNRTRE-00039-00002902-00002909 KLOBUCHAR BEING BACK AT THE VILLAGE IS EXTRA SPECIAL. rvJcYSNRTRE-00040-00002909-00003012 KLOBUCHAR BEING BACK AT THE VILLAGE IS EXTRA SPECIAL. HER DAUGHTER WAS ONCE ON THIS rvJcYSNRTRE-00041-00003012-00003019 VILLAGE IS EXTRA SPECIAL. HER DAUGHTER WAS ONCE ON THIS rvJcYSNRTRE-00042-00003019-00003206 VILLAGE IS EXTRA SPECIAL. HER DAUGHTER WAS ONCE ON THIS STAGE AS A MEMBER OF THE FRENCH rvJcYSNRTRE-00043-00003206-00003213 HER DAUGHTER WAS ONCE ON THIS STAGE AS A MEMBER OF THE FRENCH rvJcYSNRTRE-00044-00003213-00003239 HER DAUGHTER WAS ONCE ON THIS STAGE AS A MEMBER OF THE FRENCH VILLAGE. rvJcYSNRTRE-00045-00003239-00003246 STAGE AS A MEMBER OF THE FRENCH VILLAGE. rvJcYSNRTRE-00046-00003246-00003406 STAGE AS A MEMBER OF THE FRENCH VILLAGE. >> SHE REALLY ENJOYED IT AND SHE rvJcYSNRTRE-00047-00003406-00003413 VILLAGE. >> SHE REALLY ENJOYED IT AND SHE rvJcYSNRTRE-00048-00003413-00003590 VILLAGE. >> SHE REALLY ENJOYED IT AND SHE WENT ON TO DO A LOT WITH FRENCH. rvJcYSNRTRE-00049-00003590-00003596 >> SHE REALLY ENJOYED IT AND SHE WENT ON TO DO A LOT WITH FRENCH. rvJcYSNRTRE-00050-00003596-00003867 >> SHE REALLY ENJOYED IT AND SHE WENT ON TO DO A LOT WITH FRENCH. SHE ENDED UP A SUMMER IN FRANCE rvJcYSNRTRE-00051-00003867-00003873 WENT ON TO DO A LOT WITH FRENCH. SHE ENDED UP A SUMMER IN FRANCE rvJcYSNRTRE-00052-00003873-00004050 WENT ON TO DO A LOT WITH FRENCH. SHE ENDED UP A SUMMER IN FRANCE AND BECOMING REALLY FLUENT IN rvJcYSNRTRE-00053-00004050-00004057 SHE ENDED UP A SUMMER IN FRANCE AND BECOMING REALLY FLUENT IN rvJcYSNRTRE-00054-00004057-00004127 SHE ENDED UP A SUMMER IN FRANCE AND BECOMING REALLY FLUENT IN FRANCE, AND I DON'T THINK IT rvJcYSNRTRE-00055-00004127-00004134 AND BECOMING REALLY FLUENT IN FRANCE, AND I DON'T THINK IT rvJcYSNRTRE-00056-00004134-00004451 AND BECOMING REALLY FLUENT IN FRANCE, AND I DON'T THINK IT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED IF SHE rvJcYSNRTRE-00057-00004451-00004457 FRANCE, AND I DON'T THINK IT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED IF SHE rvJcYSNRTRE-00058-00004457-00004714 FRANCE, AND I DON'T THINK IT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED IF SHE HADN'T GONE HERE. rvJcYSNRTRE-00059-00004714-00004721 WOULD HAVE HAPPENED IF SHE HADN'T GONE HERE. rvJcYSNRTRE-00060-00004721-00004958 WOULD HAVE HAPPENED IF SHE HADN'T GONE HERE. >> THEY BASICALLY EAT SLEEP AND rvJcYSNRTRE-00061-00004958-00004964 HADN'T GONE HERE. >> THEY BASICALLY EAT SLEEP AND rvJcYSNRTRE-00062-00004964-00005155 HADN'T GONE HERE. >> THEY BASICALLY EAT SLEEP AND BREATHE THE LANGUAGES OFFERED. rvJcYSNRTRE-00063-00005155-00005161 >> THEY BASICALLY EAT SLEEP AND BREATHE THE LANGUAGES OFFERED. rvJcYSNRTRE-00064-00005161-00005278 >> THEY BASICALLY EAT SLEEP AND BREATHE THE LANGUAGES OFFERED. >> DAY-TO-DAY WE HAVE CLASSES rvJcYSNRTRE-00065-00005278-00005285 BREATHE THE LANGUAGES OFFERED. >> DAY-TO-DAY WE HAVE CLASSES rvJcYSNRTRE-00066-00005285-00005488 BREATHE THE LANGUAGES OFFERED. >> DAY-TO-DAY WE HAVE CLASSES AND WE SING A LOT OF SONGS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00067-00005488-00005495 >> DAY-TO-DAY WE HAVE CLASSES AND WE SING A LOT OF SONGS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00068-00005495-00005655 >> DAY-TO-DAY WE HAVE CLASSES AND WE SING A LOT OF SONGS. THAT'S WHERE I LEARN MOST OF MY rvJcYSNRTRE-00069-00005655-00005662 AND WE SING A LOT OF SONGS. THAT'S WHERE I LEARN MOST OF MY rvJcYSNRTRE-00070-00005662-00005742 AND WE SING A LOT OF SONGS. THAT'S WHERE I LEARN MOST OF MY SWEDISH FROM. rvJcYSNRTRE-00071-00005742-00005749 THAT'S WHERE I LEARN MOST OF MY SWEDISH FROM. rvJcYSNRTRE-00072-00005749-00006072 THAT'S WHERE I LEARN MOST OF MY SWEDISH FROM. >> WHAT I LIKE ABOUT IT IS rvJcYSNRTRE-00073-00006072-00006079 SWEDISH FROM. >> WHAT I LIKE ABOUT IT IS rvJcYSNRTRE-00074-00006079-00006202 SWEDISH FROM. >> WHAT I LIKE ABOUT IT IS EVERYONE IS SO NICE AND THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00075-00006202-00006209 >> WHAT I LIKE ABOUT IT IS EVERYONE IS SO NICE AND THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00076-00006209-00006576 >> WHAT I LIKE ABOUT IT IS EVERYONE IS SO NICE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IS GREAT AND YOU rvJcYSNRTRE-00077-00006576-00006583 EVERYONE IS SO NICE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IS GREAT AND YOU rvJcYSNRTRE-00078-00006583-00006866 EVERYONE IS SO NICE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IS GREAT AND YOU MAKE GREAT FRIENDS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00079-00006866-00006873 ENVIRONMENT IS GREAT AND YOU MAKE GREAT FRIENDS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00080-00006873-00007143 ENVIRONMENT IS GREAT AND YOU MAKE GREAT FRIENDS. >> WHETHER YOU SAY SIMPLY JUST rvJcYSNRTRE-00081-00007143-00007150 MAKE GREAT FRIENDS. >> WHETHER YOU SAY SIMPLY JUST rvJcYSNRTRE-00082-00007150-00007260 MAKE GREAT FRIENDS. >> WHETHER YOU SAY SIMPLY JUST HELLO, THIS IS A CHANCE FOR ALL rvJcYSNRTRE-00083-00007260-00007267 >> WHETHER YOU SAY SIMPLY JUST HELLO, THIS IS A CHANCE FOR ALL rvJcYSNRTRE-00084-00007267-00007397 >> WHETHER YOU SAY SIMPLY JUST HELLO, THIS IS A CHANCE FOR ALL THE VILLAGERS TO COME TOGETHER. rvJcYSNRTRE-00085-00007397-00007404 HELLO, THIS IS A CHANCE FOR ALL THE VILLAGERS TO COME TOGETHER. rvJcYSNRTRE-00086-00007404-00007647 HELLO, THIS IS A CHANCE FOR ALL THE VILLAGERS TO COME TOGETHER. >> YOU GET TO KNOW ALL THE OTHER rvJcYSNRTRE-00087-00007647-00007654 THE VILLAGERS TO COME TOGETHER. >> YOU GET TO KNOW ALL THE OTHER rvJcYSNRTRE-00088-00007654-00007770 THE VILLAGERS TO COME TOGETHER. >> YOU GET TO KNOW ALL THE OTHER CAMPS HERE. rvJcYSNRTRE-00089-00007770-00007777 >> YOU GET TO KNOW ALL THE OTHER CAMPS HERE. rvJcYSNRTRE-00090-00007777-00007951 >> YOU GET TO KNOW ALL THE OTHER CAMPS HERE. YOU HAVE THE GERMAN CAMP, THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00091-00007951-00007957 CAMPS HERE. YOU HAVE THE GERMAN CAMP, THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00092-00007957-00008054 CAMPS HERE. YOU HAVE THE GERMAN CAMP, THE SPANISH CAMP, THE FRENCH CAMP. rvJcYSNRTRE-00093-00008054-00008061 YOU HAVE THE GERMAN CAMP, THE SPANISH CAMP, THE FRENCH CAMP. rvJcYSNRTRE-00094-00008061-00008228 YOU HAVE THE GERMAN CAMP, THE SPANISH CAMP, THE FRENCH CAMP. >> IT IS REALLY FUN TO SEE HOW rvJcYSNRTRE-00095-00008228-00008234 SPANISH CAMP, THE FRENCH CAMP. >> IT IS REALLY FUN TO SEE HOW rvJcYSNRTRE-00096-00008234-00008535 SPANISH CAMP, THE FRENCH CAMP. >> IT IS REALLY FUN TO SEE HOW EVERYTHING JUST SEEMS TO MESH rvJcYSNRTRE-00097-00008535-00008541 >> IT IS REALLY FUN TO SEE HOW EVERYTHING JUST SEEMS TO MESH rvJcYSNRTRE-00098-00008541-00008675 >> IT IS REALLY FUN TO SEE HOW EVERYTHING JUST SEEMS TO MESH TOGETHER, HOW EVERYONE JUST rvJcYSNRTRE-00099-00008675-00008681 EVERYTHING JUST SEEMS TO MESH TOGETHER, HOW EVERYONE JUST rvJcYSNRTRE-00100-00008681-00008792 EVERYTHING JUST SEEMS TO MESH TOGETHER, HOW EVERYONE JUST SEEMS TO COME TOGETHER TO SHARE rvJcYSNRTRE-00101-00008792-00008798 TOGETHER, HOW EVERYONE JUST SEEMS TO COME TOGETHER TO SHARE rvJcYSNRTRE-00102-00008798-00008862 TOGETHER, HOW EVERYONE JUST SEEMS TO COME TOGETHER TO SHARE THE SAME PASSION. rvJcYSNRTRE-00103-00008862-00008868 SEEMS TO COME TOGETHER TO SHARE THE SAME PASSION. rvJcYSNRTRE-00104-00008868-00009028 SEEMS TO COME TOGETHER TO SHARE THE SAME PASSION. >> EVERYONE IS A PART OF THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00105-00009028-00009035 THE SAME PASSION. >> EVERYONE IS A PART OF THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00106-00009035-00009075 THE SAME PASSION. >> EVERYONE IS A PART OF THE PARADE. rvJcYSNRTRE-00107-00009075-00009082 >> EVERYONE IS A PART OF THE PARADE. rvJcYSNRTRE-00108-00009082-00009319 >> EVERYONE IS A PART OF THE PARADE. BUT THERE'S ALSO A WORLD CUP rvJcYSNRTRE-00109-00009319-00009325 PARADE. BUT THERE'S ALSO A WORLD CUP rvJcYSNRTRE-00110-00009325-00009526 PARADE. BUT THERE'S ALSO A WORLD CUP STYLE SOCCER TOURNAMENT, GAMES rvJcYSNRTRE-00111-00009526-00009532 BUT THERE'S ALSO A WORLD CUP STYLE SOCCER TOURNAMENT, GAMES rvJcYSNRTRE-00112-00009532-00009672 BUT THERE'S ALSO A WORLD CUP STYLE SOCCER TOURNAMENT, GAMES AND LOTS OF THINGS YOUR TASTE rvJcYSNRTRE-00113-00009672-00009679 STYLE SOCCER TOURNAMENT, GAMES AND LOTS OF THINGS YOUR TASTE rvJcYSNRTRE-00114-00009679-00009796 STYLE SOCCER TOURNAMENT, GAMES AND LOTS OF THINGS YOUR TASTE BUDS WILL ENJOY. rvJcYSNRTRE-00115-00009796-00009803 AND LOTS OF THINGS YOUR TASTE BUDS WILL ENJOY. rvJcYSNRTRE-00116-00009803-00010006 AND LOTS OF THINGS YOUR TASTE BUDS WILL ENJOY. >> MY FAVORITE PART ABOUT rvJcYSNRTRE-00117-00010006-00010013 BUDS WILL ENJOY. >> MY FAVORITE PART ABOUT rvJcYSNRTRE-00118-00010013-00010090 BUDS WILL ENJOY. >> MY FAVORITE PART ABOUT INTERNATIONAL DAY WOULD HAVE TO rvJcYSNRTRE-00119-00010090-00010096 >> MY FAVORITE PART ABOUT INTERNATIONAL DAY WOULD HAVE TO rvJcYSNRTRE-00120-00010096-00010170 >> MY FAVORITE PART ABOUT INTERNATIONAL DAY WOULD HAVE TO BE ALL OF THE DIFFERENT FOODS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00121-00010170-00010176 INTERNATIONAL DAY WOULD HAVE TO BE ALL OF THE DIFFERENT FOODS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00122-00010176-00010330 INTERNATIONAL DAY WOULD HAVE TO BE ALL OF THE DIFFERENT FOODS. >> AFTER REFLECTING ON THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00123-00010330-00010336 BE ALL OF THE DIFFERENT FOODS. >> AFTER REFLECTING ON THE rvJcYSNRTRE-00124-00010336-00010457 BE ALL OF THE DIFFERENT FOODS. >> AFTER REFLECTING ON THE EVENING, THE SENATOR SAYS IT IS rvJcYSNRTRE-00125-00010457-00010463 >> AFTER REFLECTING ON THE EVENING, THE SENATOR SAYS IT IS rvJcYSNRTRE-00126-00010463-00010533 >> AFTER REFLECTING ON THE EVENING, THE SENATOR SAYS IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THERE'S rvJcYSNRTRE-00127-00010533-00010540 EVENING, THE SENATOR SAYS IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THERE'S rvJcYSNRTRE-00128-00010540-00010864 EVENING, THE SENATOR SAYS IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THERE'S OTHER COUNTRIES OUTSIDE OF OUR rvJcYSNRTRE-00129-00010864-00010870 IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THERE'S OTHER COUNTRIES OUTSIDE OF OUR rvJcYSNRTRE-00130-00010870-00011024 IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THERE'S OTHER COUNTRIES OUTSIDE OF OUR BORDERS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00131-00011024-00011031 OTHER COUNTRIES OUTSIDE OF OUR BORDERS. rvJcYSNRTRE-00132-00011031-00011214 OTHER COUNTRIES OUTSIDE OF OUR BORDERS. IT NEVER HURTS TO IMMERSE rvJcYSNRTRE-00133-00011214-00011221 BORDERS. IT NEVER HURTS TO IMMERSE rvJcYSNRTRE-00134-00011221-00011287 BORDERS. IT NEVER HURTS TO IMMERSE YOURSELF. rvJcYSNRTRE-00135-00011287-00011294 IT NEVER HURTS TO IMMERSE YOURSELF. rvJcYSNRTRE-00136-00011294-00011391 IT NEVER HURTS TO IMMERSE YOURSELF. >> THESE STUDENTS WILL BE rvJcYSNRTRE-00137-00011391-00011398 YOURSELF. >> THESE STUDENTS WILL BE rvJcYSNRTRE-00138-00011398-00011544 YOURSELF. >> THESE STUDENTS WILL BE AMBASSADORS IN THE WORLD FOR US rvJcYSNRTRE-00139-00011544-00011551 >> THESE STUDENTS WILL BE AMBASSADORS IN THE WORLD FOR US rvJcYSNRTRE-00140-00011551-00011604 >> THESE STUDENTS WILL BE AMBASSADORS IN THE WORLD FOR US AND THEY DO THAT BY COMING TO A rvK7zMEkAcQ-00000-00000592-00000992 now in the years to come androd is likely to be losing a lot of its market share rvK7zMEkAcQ-00001-00001544-00001888 when it comes to countries that this will be taking place rvK7zMEkAcQ-00002-00001888-00002432 one is china another one is russia south korea is one and india rvK7zMEkAcQ-00003-00002864-00003400 welcome my name is solva kindly subscribe today we're talking about operating systems rvK7zMEkAcQ-00004-00003400-00004240 operating system also known as os is simply a program that manages all apps on your phone rvK7zMEkAcQ-00005-00004240-00004952 the first operating systems were developed in the 1950s ever since there has been a lot of oss now rvK7zMEkAcQ-00006-00004952-00005592 the ship in the mobile operating system started when a company named android inc decided to rvK7zMEkAcQ-00007-00005592-00006200 develop an operating system specifically for cameras but later there was a change in strategy rvK7zMEkAcQ-00008-00006200-00006952 so they decided to re-engineer this os towards the smartphone market this move by android inc caught rvK7zMEkAcQ-00009-00006952-00007648 the attention of google google then made an offer to android inc to buy its operating system and rvK7zMEkAcQ-00010-00007648-00008304 luckily for google the deal went true so google acquired android in now after google acquired rvK7zMEkAcQ-00011-00008304-00009200 this new operating system few years later ios was launched by apple this gave apple a gradual lead rvK7zMEkAcQ-00012-00009200-00010144 in the mobile operating system market google later also decided to launch its operating system a year rvK7zMEkAcQ-00013-00010144-00010920 after apple had initially launched their operating system and this began the journey for the battle rvK7zMEkAcQ-00014-00010920-00011608 of the oss google did a very smart move google promoted the operating system which was android rvK7zMEkAcQ-00015-00011608-00012416 as an open source operating system this gave google an advantage one of such advantage was rvK7zMEkAcQ-00016-00012416-00013136 the fact that mobile operators or manufacturers had to sell their mobile devices coming up with rvK7zMEkAcQ-00017-00013136-00013744 setting pre-installed google apps on it if you may have realized whenever you buy an android it comes rvK7zMEkAcQ-00018-00013744-00014384 with certain google apps already installed on it an example is youtube google map google drive rvK7zMEkAcQ-00019-00014384-00015008 as well this is one of the reasons why android is the most used operating system globally currently rvK7zMEkAcQ-00020-00015008-00015680 android has conquered an amount of 70 for the past years there has been a lot of attempts to detone rvK7zMEkAcQ-00021-00015680-00016384 android as the most used operating system globally windows tried it and filled miserably samsung also rvK7zMEkAcQ-00022-00016384-00016920 came up with their own operating system but has not yet been able to gain any huge adaptation rvK7zMEkAcQ-00023-00016920-00017432 when it comes to the operating system yes one of the key reasons why it is very difficult rvK7zMEkAcQ-00024-00017432-00018000 to determine android is the fact that it is a different thing to develop an os and it's rvK7zMEkAcQ-00025-00018000-00018672 a different thing to be able to attract app developers to adapt to your operating systems rvK7zMEkAcQ-00026-00018744-00019392 another issue has to do with compatibility just coming up with an os is a different thing rvK7zMEkAcQ-00027-00019392-00020040 now being able to adjust your os to be compatible with already existing architecture is another big rvK7zMEkAcQ-00028-00020040-00020640 deal this is one of the main reasons why windows failed windows thought of the fact that or if i'm rvK7zMEkAcQ-00029-00020640-00021264 good in developing oss for personal computers i can just come with a customized version of it rvK7zMEkAcQ-00030-00021264-00021896 then enter the mobile market then be successful it forgot the fact that an issue of compatibility was rvK7zMEkAcQ-00031-00021896-00022408 existing already how are people even willing to switch from their current operating system rvK7zMEkAcQ-00032-00022408-00022936 to adjust to windows that was one of the key reason why windows failed now this is where the rvK7zMEkAcQ-00033-00022936-00023664 coming war on android or let me say an attempt to determine android as the most used system rvK7zMEkAcQ-00034-00023664-00024400 begins to look even more dicey now huawei recently launched their own operating system as a result of rvK7zMEkAcQ-00035-00024400-00024992 the trade war between china and america this trade war was a big blow to away while we're coming up rvK7zMEkAcQ-00036-00024992-00025639 with our own operating system named harmony os is a big blow to google as well the reason being rvK7zMEkAcQ-00037-00025639-00026256 the fact that huawei is a big brand in china and even among some asian nations now while we will rvK7zMEkAcQ-00038-00026256-00026776 struggle when it comes to gaining access to the global market when it comes to os because most rvK7zMEkAcQ-00039-00026776-00027576 of the people in africa and asia or say western nations prefer to have google services but when rvK7zMEkAcQ-00040-00027576-00028288 it comes to the issue of china market okay huawei has a 99.9 percent chance of succeeding in china rvK7zMEkAcQ-00041-00028288-00028968 the reason being that in china most of google's services are not even used over there apps such rvK7zMEkAcQ-00042-00028968-00029560 as youtube google drive to name a few which in the western and some part of africa people prefer to rvK7zMEkAcQ-00043-00029560-00030032 have in china they have their own versions of this and they have the youtube version with the rvK7zMEkAcQ-00044-00030032-00030583 codex yuku's they have the twitter versions they have almost every version of the apps in china rvK7zMEkAcQ-00045-00030583-00031088 so it will be a difficult thing for huawei to succeed in china now huawei has been able to rvK7zMEkAcQ-00046-00031088-00031600 gain key grounds in china that is the fact that hawaii has been able to attract key rvK7zMEkAcQ-00047-00031600-00032280 tech fans in china who are willing to adapt harmony overs now in the years to come and is rvK7zMEkAcQ-00048-00032280-00032896 likely to be losing a lot of its market share when it comes to countries that need to be taking place rvK7zMEkAcQ-00049-00032896-00033784 drastically in the years to come one is china another one is russia south korea is one and india rvK7zMEkAcQ-00050-00033904-00034472 the chinese market is a very competitive market now for the past many years huawei has been the rvK7zMEkAcQ-00051-00034472-00034920 top player when it comes to the chinese market and as of now most chinese are still holding rvK7zMEkAcQ-00052-00034920-00035424 the huawei phones which are currently running in the android os let's imagine huawei deciding to rvK7zMEkAcQ-00053-00035424-00035992 send harmony os as a replacement to the phones currently running android system in china which rvK7zMEkAcQ-00054-00035992-00036512 they will surely do in the days to come moreover huawei is gradually updating most of the flashing rvK7zMEkAcQ-00055-00036512-00037032 phones with the harmony os currently huawei is still running a test to see how efficient the rvK7zMEkAcQ-00056-00037032-00037816 os will run on most of its mid-range forms now in the chinese market with exception of ios over 80 rvK7zMEkAcQ-00057-00037872-00038544 phones are running on android operating systems now imagine all these phones say brands such as rvK7zMEkAcQ-00058-00038544-00039304 vivo xiaomi oppo to name a few decides to switch from android to harmony os this will be a very rvK7zMEkAcQ-00059-00039304-00040024 big deal to unread currently huawei is focusing on developing and mastering its chinese market but in rvK7zMEkAcQ-00060-00040024-00040512 the days to come huawei will be veering into the global market we are not saying that we will have rvK7zMEkAcQ-00061-00040512-00040968 it very easy when it comes to the global market at a global market stage where we will struggle the rvK7zMEkAcQ-00062-00040968-00041536 fact being that most of the people in the global market are used to their android operating system rvK7zMEkAcQ-00063-00041536-00042016 and having people to switch from android to the harmony os would be a very big task for huawei rvK7zMEkAcQ-00064-00042016-00042696 to achieve now to conclude on china the reason why china is a big deal when it comes to the os market rvK7zMEkAcQ-00065-00042696-00043312 is the fact that china has a population of over 1.4 billion and that is a big deal losing a market rvK7zMEkAcQ-00066-00043312-00043960 share in china is a big deal for android now the next market we are going to be focusing on is a rvK7zMEkAcQ-00067-00043960-00044624 russian market now russian market is another key market for android currently in russia 100 holds rvK7zMEkAcQ-00068-00044624-00045328 over 70 percent of the russian market thanks to the fact that xiaomi huawei samsung's are the key rvK7zMEkAcQ-00069-00045328-00046048 players in russia and all these phones are running on android with exception of ios now currently rvK7zMEkAcQ-00070-00046048-00046608 russia has an operating system for smartphones which are currently not yet been adapted rvK7zMEkAcQ-00071-00046728-00047232 but taking a look at the current happiness in geopolitics let me say the war between russia rvK7zMEkAcQ-00072-00047232-00047728 and ukraine there has been a lot of speculation in russia that there's the need for russia to rvK7zMEkAcQ-00073-00047728-00048392 switch to its own grown operating systems putting this into perspective russia has two rvK7zMEkAcQ-00074-00048392-00049104 options it is either it adopts the chinese os which is the harmony os or it focus on developing rvK7zMEkAcQ-00075-00049104-00049712 and optimizing its own operating system but russia that we know would prefer to have control over its rvK7zMEkAcQ-00076-00049712-00050224 own operating system now in the days to come it's very likely to be seen russia coming up with their rvK7zMEkAcQ-00077-00050224-00050864 own operating systems now the next market we are talking about is india now in india understood rvK7zMEkAcQ-00078-00050864-00051584 holds the top spot as a result of the fact that brands such as samsung xiaomi redmi and oppo rvK7zMEkAcQ-00079-00051584-00052144 are the most used smartphone in india and all these phones are running on the android system rvK7zMEkAcQ-00080-00052208-00052791 and india has an advantage in the area of software development for the reason being that india has rvK7zMEkAcQ-00081-00052791-00053344 produced a lot of software developers for the past many years in recent time there has been rvK7zMEkAcQ-00082-00053344-00053888 a lot of rekindling of the idea that india has to develop their own operating system rvK7zMEkAcQ-00083-00053888-00054512 for reason being that india is the second largest mobile manufacturing hub globally india having a rvK7zMEkAcQ-00084-00054512-00055096 large population also may benefit india if they have to switch to their own operating system rvK7zMEkAcQ-00085-00055191-00055728 the only challenge for india is the fact that currently india does not have any indigenous rvK7zMEkAcQ-00086-00055728-00056520 smartphone manufacturing brand most of the firms in india are foreign-owned firms india still has rvK7zMEkAcQ-00087-00056520-00056976 a key potential so india is another market we need to be focusing on in the years to come rvK7zMEkAcQ-00088-00057072-00057624 now the final nation you're going to be focusing on is south korea now south korea is a big rvK7zMEkAcQ-00089-00057624-00058336 headache for android for reason being that south korea is a home headquarters of samsung and in rvK7zMEkAcQ-00090-00058336-00059079 south korea and the global market samsung has a very huge market share currently samsung has its rvK7zMEkAcQ-00091-00059079-00059576 own operating system called tizen os the only issue with the samsung operating system is the rvK7zMEkAcQ-00092-00059576-00060152 fact that it has a low adaptation rate but in the days to come there will be shiftings in the rvK7zMEkAcQ-00093-00060152-00060664 operating system market so it is very likely that samsung may be shipped into its operating rvK7zMEkAcQ-00094-00060664-00061304 system now if samsung is a switch from android to its own operating system that would be a very rvK7zMEkAcQ-00095-00061304-00062040 big blow for android recently google ventured into the manufacturing of smartphone devices rvK7zMEkAcQ-00096-00062040-00062720 which they called a google pixel now this pixel google launch is a clear indication that google rvK7zMEkAcQ-00097-00062720-00063191 accepts the fact that in the days to come there will be a very big challenge which regards to the rvK7zMEkAcQ-00098-00063191-00063720 usage of each operating system there is no doubt that the battle of the os has been going on and rvK7zMEkAcQ-00099-00063720-00064288 will continue to happen and a clear line has been drawn indicating that in the days to come android rvK7zMEkAcQ-00100-00064288-00064767 will be losing a lot of its market share we wait to see what will be happening in the global market rvK7zMEkAcQ-00101-00064767-00065216 by the way my name is silva if you believe this channel has been informative and educative rvK7zMEkAcQ-00102-00065216-00065944 kindly subscribe and let's keep this channel moving forward thank you and have a good day r_CJQyya3nA-00000-00001723-00002496 There are some things which are common for organisations r_CJQyya3nA-00001-00002496-00002710 which has been successful r_CJQyya3nA-00002-00002728-00003192 and which has been developing their work and networks. r_CJQyya3nA-00003-00003192-00003638 There's a certain kind of similar process. r_CJQyya3nA-00004-00003658-00004288 You have to accept that obstacles will always appear during the process. r_CJQyya3nA-00005-00004356-00004984 It's only essential to find solutions and the ways to survive. r_CJQyya3nA-00006-00005044-00005468 Typical features of successful process. r_CJQyya3nA-00007-00005576-00005918 First of all, core team and its commitment, r_CJQyya3nA-00008-00005918-00006108 flow of new ideas, r_CJQyya3nA-00009-00006188-00006852 persistency of people who are in the organisation, r_CJQyya3nA-00010-00006922-00007186 members of it, participants of it, r_CJQyya3nA-00011-00007204-00007572 strong faith in the organisation and its mission. r_CJQyya3nA-00012-00007602-00008045 The successful process proceeds in many cases as follows r_CJQyya3nA-00013-00008066-00008206 and after reaching the end r_CJQyya3nA-00014-00008206-00008352 it's ready to start again. r_CJQyya3nA-00015-00008352-00008590 So it's a kind of circle. r_CJQyya3nA-00016-00008676-00009396 The key thing is what is the reaction in the different development phases. r_CJQyya3nA-00017-00009426-00009986 In the starting point, usually, there is a great, sometimes even crazy, idea. r_CJQyya3nA-00018-00010162-00010382 One or more committed persons r_CJQyya3nA-00019-00010480-00010760 who have a strong vision and clear values r_CJQyya3nA-00020-00010772-00011472 are founding, let's say, an activity group or NGO. r_CJQyya3nA-00021-00011602-00011866 But there are always these non-believers, r_CJQyya3nA-00022-00011866-00012194 I call them "but-people" around. r_CJQyya3nA-00023-00012240-00012520 They say: "Good idea, but...", r_CJQyya3nA-00024-00012580-00012790 "It would be interesting but...". r_CJQyya3nA-00025-00012790-00012936 There are always "buts". r_CJQyya3nA-00026-00012954-00013419 And then there is always, in the starting point, resistance. r_CJQyya3nA-00027-00013438-00013706 When something totally new happens r_CJQyya3nA-00028-00013706-00013980 and somebody is trying to change things, r_CJQyya3nA-00029-00014006-00014208 people have resistance r_CJQyya3nA-00030-00014260-00014904 and it might be because of fear of change, r_CJQyya3nA-00031-00015068-00015224 feeling a little bit unsecure. r_CJQyya3nA-00032-00016576-00016778 Then, it comes the second phase. r_CJQyya3nA-00033-00016796-00017314 This core team still is very persistent r_CJQyya3nA-00034-00017344-00017656 and will start on a small scale. r_CJQyya3nA-00035-00017694-00018070 These persons continue convincing different individuals, r_CJQyya3nA-00036-00018070-00018466 groups, organisations and bodies to come along. r_CJQyya3nA-00037-00018662-00019094 There is still no faith from others, than the core group, r_CJQyya3nA-00038-00019108-00019486 to this good idea or crazy idea. r_CJQyya3nA-00039-00019508-00019710 They are continuing by themselves. r_CJQyya3nA-00040-00021118-00021630 But then happens some kind of turning point. r_CJQyya3nA-00041-00021664-00021850 In this turning point, after a while, r_CJQyya3nA-00042-00021850-00022054 it can sometimes take years, r_CJQyya3nA-00043-00022204-00022446 small successes will occur. r_CJQyya3nA-00044-00022536-00022722 They will give visibility r_CJQyya3nA-00045-00022748-00023242 because the idea has been quite new and even crazy, r_CJQyya3nA-00046-00023270-00023582 and when it will succeed, r_CJQyya3nA-00047-00023582-00024174 it's some kind of surprise for others, r_CJQyya3nA-00048-00024234-00024626 for the members of the community, for the municipality and so on, r_CJQyya3nA-00049-00024650-00025136 even for the people who are giving funds. r_CJQyya3nA-00050-00025160-00025266 What will then happen r_CJQyya3nA-00051-00025266-00025664 when the small successes give visibility? r_CJQyya3nA-00052-00025724-00026004 Then, more people, more groups, r_CJQyya3nA-00053-00026004-00026339 more organisations start to appreciate the work. r_CJQyya3nA-00054-00026372-00026704 So you have the name, r_CJQyya3nA-00055-00026786-00027233 people know you, organisations know you, r_CJQyya3nA-00056-00027233-00027550 enterprises, public organisations, r_CJQyya3nA-00057-00027570-00027998 they are aware of your your activities r_CJQyya3nA-00058-00028080-00028336 and they also start to appreciate them r_CJQyya3nA-00059-00028366-00028608 What then happens? r_CJQyya3nA-00060-00028633-00028812 Network starts to expand r_CJQyya3nA-00061-00028812-00029020 and to develop more activities. r_CJQyya3nA-00062-00029232-00029356 People start to ask: r_CJQyya3nA-00063-00029356-00029460 "Can you do this?" r_CJQyya3nA-00064-00029460-00030198 "Is it possible if you take this kind of activities into your work?". r_CJQyya3nA-00065-00030356-00030894 And then if you start to cooperate, then more visibility. r_CJQyya3nA-00066-00032210-00032595 So the fourth phase, next turning-point, r_CJQyya3nA-00067-00032614-00033090 it can happen after period of success and stable situation. r_CJQyya3nA-00068-00033108-00033534 After several years, maybe, something crucial happens. r_CJQyya3nA-00069-00033562-00034006 For instance, a change in the operational environment, r_CJQyya3nA-00070-00034022-00034354 key activities become old-fashioned, r_CJQyya3nA-00071-00034400-00034668 they don't meet the needs of the participants, r_CJQyya3nA-00072-00034724-00035022 people don't come anymore, r_CJQyya3nA-00073-00035046-00035206 you are not so popular, r_CJQyya3nA-00074-00035260-00035548 you are not invited into other networks. r_CJQyya3nA-00075-00035720-00036020 Key persons, then, what they have to do. r_CJQyya3nA-00076-00036066-00036340 They have to do radical decisions r_CJQyya3nA-00077-00036390-00036626 and they have to be ready for that r_CJQyya3nA-00078-00036646-00037022 and find also once again innovative solutions. r_CJQyya3nA-00079-00037068-00037338 Crisis needs solving r_CJQyya3nA-00080-00037366-00037782 and solving usually needs innovations. r_CJQyya3nA-00081-00037816-00038266 Then you need flexibility. r_CJQyya3nA-00082-00038392-00038778 That means that when you are in a crisis, r_CJQyya3nA-00083-00038802-00039056 when those activities are not working anymore, r_CJQyya3nA-00084-00039056-00039226 which you are offering, r_CJQyya3nA-00085-00039302-00039836 you have to put your values, your mission, r_CJQyya3nA-00086-00039836-00040174 your vision, activities under discussion r_CJQyya3nA-00087-00040232-00040688 and partially also change them. r_CJQyya3nA-00088-00042794-00043222 And then, in the final end, the fifth phase. r_CJQyya3nA-00089-00043456-00043822 Then you will get appreciation, acceptance on a large scale. r_CJQyya3nA-00090-00043858-00044394 You get acceptance locally, regionally, nationally, even globally. r_CJQyya3nA-00091-00044514-00045134 Then, different kinds of partners and people come increasingly along with the resources. r_CJQyya3nA-00092-00045194-00045356 You don't have to invite them. r_CJQyya3nA-00093-00045356-00045916 They are coming because you have so great appreciation and acceptance. r_CJQyya3nA-00094-00046170-00046646 Then values, vision and ways to act are checked from time to time. r_CJQyya3nA-00095-00046646-00046776 That is important. r_CJQyya3nA-00096-00046776-00047190 You have to be aware of what is happening r_CJQyya3nA-00097-00047190-00047418 and react to the changes. r_CJQyya3nA-00098-00047438-00047824 And after then, you can start once again from the beginning, r_CJQyya3nA-00099-00047910-00048056 the circle starts. r_CJQyya3nA-00100-00048086-00048336 You need these turning points. r_CJQyya3nA-00101-00048336-00048630 You need sometimes crisis to get development, r_CJQyya3nA-00102-00048630-00049060 to be able to change things. r_CJQyya3nA-00103-00051008-00051496 Networking is crucial while developing new ideas to activities, r_CJQyya3nA-00104-00051532-00052067 wanting to make sustainable solutions to the defects around you, r_CJQyya3nA-00105-00052108-00052560 more partners, wider shared expertise and commitment in the community. r_CJQyya3nA-00106-00052704-00052846 If you do it alone, r_CJQyya3nA-00107-00052874-00053226 you are not able to do everything you would like to do r_CJQyya3nA-00108-00053226-00053617 and it's better to have partners. r_CJQyya3nA-00109-00053720-00054072 It's important to be a trustworthy partner, r_CJQyya3nA-00110-00054088-00054348 to be aware of future development r_CJQyya3nA-00111-00054370-00054628 and its effects to people's lives, r_CJQyya3nA-00112-00054726-00055228 to respond to the needs of the community r_CJQyya3nA-00113-00055228-00055505 and to members of the community. r_CJQyya3nA-00114-00055529-00055850 When you do networking, it guarantees more resources, r_CJQyya3nA-00115-00055886-00056241 more viewpoints for idea generation and implementation, r_CJQyya3nA-00116-00056291-00056591 more options to disseminate the achievements r_CJQyya3nA-00117-00056591-00056934 on a larger scale than while acting alone. r_CJQyya3nA-00118-00057155-00057444 I think it's important to keep in mind r_CJQyya3nA-00119-00057455-00057738 that we all are in the same boat.