2AL-qIpCzU0-00000-00000000-00000050 Hi 2AL-qIpCzU0-00001-00000050-00000100 Welcome to 2AL-qIpCzU0-00002-00000100-00000150 Agti tech farming 2BFE94DQk9U-00000-00000079-00000224 Hello Assalamualaikum 2BFE94DQk9U-00001-00000271-00000607 today Im harvesting the vermicast 2BFE94DQk9U-00002-00000934-00001196 because i dont have enough time 2BFE94DQk9U-00003-00001196-00001726 So, im harvesting the vermicast rushingly from the main vermicomposting container, from here 2BFE94DQk9U-00004-00001898-00002246 So, after harvesting, 2BFE94DQk9U-00005-00002246-00002656 Usually it will be some worm left in the vermicast 2BFE94DQk9U-00006-00002792-00003061 Still got some worm left in our vermicast 2BFE94DQk9U-00007-00003172-00003461 So we need to segregate it into others container 2BFE94DQk9U-00008-00003540-00003872 This is all the worms that we get from the vermicast 2BFE94DQk9U-00009-00003922-00004552 Usually, if we got livestock like chicken, fish, fresh water lobster, ducks etc 2BFE94DQk9U-00010-00004580-00004880 That eat the worms, we can use it to feed them from here 2BFE94DQk9U-00011-00004906-00005142 cause we have more worms inside our main container 2BFE94DQk9U-00012-00005230-00005554 I want to show you, the worms that i use in my vermicompost 2BFE94DQk9U-00013-00005594-00005742 African Night Crawler 2BFE94DQk9U-00014-00005786-00006148 This is the part of the worm that been collected 2BFE94DQk9U-00015-00006176-00006558 I manage to get this much of worms just from the vermicast. We still have more in the main container 2BFE94DQk9U-00016-00006614-00007148 I manage to get the worm from the vermicast around 2kg 2BFE94DQk9U-00017-00007214-00007514 by harvesting the vermicast from the 2 main container 2BFE94DQk9U-00018-00007572-00007936 that been harvested yesterday 2BFE94DQk9U-00019-00007978-00008248 This is the all worms that i got 2BFE94DQk9U-00020-00008520-00008856 its quite a lot 2BFE94DQk9U-00021-00009102-00009400 Its very interesting 2BFE94DQk9U-00022-00009408-00009682 Its become the "worms ball" 2BFE94DQk9U-00023-00010014-00010340 So the vermicast, usually we will transfer little by little like this 2BFE94DQk9U-00024-00010438-00010629 we want to observe if there is any worm or not 2BFE94DQk9U-00025-00010629-00011174 after we collect it, this is all the vermicast that im manage to harvest today 2BFE94DQk9U-00026-00011238-00011540 So, this vermicast, you can use it to fertilize your plant 2BFE94DQk9U-00027-00011668-00012048 For your information, vermicast is the worm`s waste 2BFE94DQk9U-00028-00012058-00012222 or we call it "worms poop" 2BFE94DQk9U-00029-00012232-00012356 Its a product when the worm eat the organic matter 2BFE94DQk9U-00030-00012406-00012862 This one, we will use it for my plant 2BFE94DQk9U-00031-00013278-00013472 So beautiful 2BFE94DQk9U-00032-00013650-00014097 This is the special appearance 2BFE94DQk9U-00033-00014097-00014510 or distinct characterisitic for African Night Crawler 2BFE94DQk9U-00034-00014530-00014719 When we torch it with light 2BFE94DQk9U-00035-00014762-00015172 you could see the shiny purple colour 2BFE94DQk9U-00036-00015444-00015566 So beautiful 2BFE94DQk9U-00037-00015958-00016556 Expecially during night, if we torch it, we could see it more beautiful 2BFE94DQk9U-00038-00016556-00016834 usually, 2BFE94DQk9U-00039-00016854-00017142 In our EcoPro Lab (our place) 2BFE94DQk9U-00040-00017146-00017532 we give it to Arowana or our fresh water lobster 2BFE94DQk9U-00041-00017562-00017762 Ok, thats all, thank you so much 2BFE94DQk9U-00042-00017762-00017978 Assalamualaikum, see you soon 2DM8lqAMa9E-00000-00000010-00000320 ADA GETS THEIR REVENGE ON 2DM8lqAMa9E-00001-00000320-00000326 ADA GETS THEIR REVENGE ON 2DM8lqAMa9E-00002-00000326-00000407 ADA GETS THEIR REVENGE ON FOSSTON. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00003-00000407-00000413 ADA GETS THEIR REVENGE ON FOSSTON. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00004-00000413-00000563 ADA GETS THEIR REVENGE ON FOSSTON. A GREAT MATCH FOR THE 2DM8lqAMa9E-00005-00000563-00000570 FOSSTON. A GREAT MATCH FOR THE 2DM8lqAMa9E-00006-00000570-00000697 FOSSTON. A GREAT MATCH FOR THE GREYHOUNDS. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00007-00000697-00000704 A GREAT MATCH FOR THE GREYHOUNDS. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00008-00000704-00000770 A GREAT MATCH FOR THE GREYHOUNDS. >>> OTHER SEMIFINAL MATCH IN 2DM8lqAMa9E-00009-00000770-00000777 GREYHOUNDS. >>> OTHER SEMIFINAL MATCH IN 2DM8lqAMa9E-00010-00000777-00000840 GREYHOUNDS. >>> OTHER SEMIFINAL MATCH IN SECTION 8A, LAKE OF THE WOODS 2DM8lqAMa9E-00011-00000840-00000847 >>> OTHER SEMIFINAL MATCH IN SECTION 8A, LAKE OF THE WOODS 2DM8lqAMa9E-00012-00000847-00000877 >>> OTHER SEMIFINAL MATCH IN SECTION 8A, LAKE OF THE WOODS AND BGMR. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00013-00000877-00000884 SECTION 8A, LAKE OF THE WOODS AND BGMR. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00014-00000884-00001111 SECTION 8A, LAKE OF THE WOODS AND BGMR. THE GATORS CAME OUT CHOPPING AT 2DM8lqAMa9E-00015-00001111-00001117 AND BGMR. THE GATORS CAME OUT CHOPPING AT 2DM8lqAMa9E-00016-00001117-00001261 AND BGMR. THE GATORS CAME OUT CHOPPING AT THE BIT. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00017-00001261-00001267 THE GATORS CAME OUT CHOPPING AT THE BIT. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00018-00001267-00001448 THE GATORS CAME OUT CHOPPING AT THE BIT. THEY TAKE SET ONE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00019-00001448-00001454 THE BIT. THEY TAKE SET ONE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00020-00001454-00001608 THE BIT. THEY TAKE SET ONE. THE BEARS COME CRAWLING BACK. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00021-00001608-00001614 THEY TAKE SET ONE. THE BEARS COME CRAWLING BACK. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00022-00001614-00001831 THEY TAKE SET ONE. THE BEARS COME CRAWLING BACK. THE GO TO IN THE MIDDLE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00023-00001831-00001838 THE BEARS COME CRAWLING BACK. THE GO TO IN THE MIDDLE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00024-00001838-00001978 THE BEARS COME CRAWLING BACK. THE GO TO IN THE MIDDLE. MARISSA JOHNSON IN THE MIDDLE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00025-00001978-00001985 THE GO TO IN THE MIDDLE. MARISSA JOHNSON IN THE MIDDLE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00026-00001985-00002198 THE GO TO IN THE MIDDLE. MARISSA JOHNSON IN THE MIDDLE. WE'RE TIED AT ONE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00027-00002198-00002205 MARISSA JOHNSON IN THE MIDDLE. WE'RE TIED AT ONE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00028-00002205-00002372 MARISSA JOHNSON IN THE MIDDLE. WE'RE TIED AT ONE. AFTER BGMR TOOK LAKE OF THE 2DM8lqAMa9E-00029-00002372-00002379 WE'RE TIED AT ONE. AFTER BGMR TOOK LAKE OF THE 2DM8lqAMa9E-00030-00002379-00002462 WE'RE TIED AT ONE. AFTER BGMR TOOK LAKE OF THE WOODS. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00031-00002462-00002469 AFTER BGMR TOOK LAKE OF THE WOODS. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00032-00002469-00002602 AFTER BGMR TOOK LAKE OF THE WOODS. THOMPSON SAYS NOT IN MY HOUSE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00033-00002602-00002609 WOODS. THOMPSON SAYS NOT IN MY HOUSE. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00034-00002609-00002816 WOODS. THOMPSON SAYS NOT IN MY HOUSE. WE'RE GOING TO A FIFTH SET. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00035-00002816-00002822 THOMPSON SAYS NOT IN MY HOUSE. WE'RE GOING TO A FIFTH SET. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00036-00002822-00002959 THOMPSON SAYS NOT IN MY HOUSE. WE'RE GOING TO A FIFTH SET. IT GOES BACK AND FORTH, BUT THE 2DM8lqAMa9E-00037-00002959-00002966 WE'RE GOING TO A FIFTH SET. IT GOES BACK AND FORTH, BUT THE 2DM8lqAMa9E-00038-00002966-00003159 WE'RE GOING TO A FIFTH SET. IT GOES BACK AND FORTH, BUT THE BEARS GRIND IT OUT. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00039-00003159-00003166 IT GOES BACK AND FORTH, BUT THE BEARS GRIND IT OUT. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00040-00003166-00003309 IT GOES BACK AND FORTH, BUT THE BEARS GRIND IT OUT. JOHNSON FROM THE OUTSIDE FOR THE 2DM8lqAMa9E-00041-00003309-00003316 BEARS GRIND IT OUT. JOHNSON FROM THE OUTSIDE FOR THE 2DM8lqAMa9E-00042-00003316-00003349 BEARS GRIND IT OUT. JOHNSON FROM THE OUTSIDE FOR THE WIN. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00043-00003349-00003356 JOHNSON FROM THE OUTSIDE FOR THE WIN. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00044-00003356-00003486 JOHNSON FROM THE OUTSIDE FOR THE WIN. WHAT A MATCH! 2DM8lqAMa9E-00045-00003486-00003493 WIN. WHAT A MATCH! 2DM8lqAMa9E-00046-00003493-00003837 WIN. WHAT A MATCH! LAKE OF THE WOODS WINS 3-2. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00047-00003837-00003843 WHAT A MATCH! LAKE OF THE WOODS WINS 3-2. 2DM8lqAMa9E-00048-00003843-00003960 WHAT A MATCH! LAKE OF THE WOODS WINS 3-2. THEY PLAY ADA-BORUP-NORMAN 2EvIeCeqvJu-00000-00002572-00003024 The exhibition that will help you "design your own death" happily. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00001-00003492-00003731 Because you haven't say final words, you may be worried........... 2EvIeCeqvJu-00002-00003776-00003936 Afraid of pain and suffering before death....... 2EvIeCeqvJu-00003-00003936-00004096 Because you are not familiar with death ........ 2EvIeCeqvJu-00004-00004476-00004785 Let's say whether you are fearful of death or not, you have to die anyway. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00005-00005207-00005455 If you or the ones you love become end stage patients and are facing death, which way will you choose? 2EvIeCeqvJu-00006-00005455-00005655 If you choose "must survive", 2EvIeCeqvJu-00007-00005688-00006240 Be prepare to handle "immediate grateful feeling" from those who usually do not have time for the death ones. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00008-00006600-00007120 Always have disagreement among relatives in front of ICU 2EvIeCeqvJu-00009-00007419-00007887 Many times prolonging end stage patients lives, make the patients suffer before death. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00010-00007887-00008392 But if you choose for your loved ones to "not feel suffer" 2EvIeCeqvJu-00011-00008480-00008822 Please see 5 tools to help bring good death. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00012-00008822-00009056 1. Start talking about death. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00013-00009056-00009323 2. Practice remembering about death all the time. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00014-00009323-00009752 3. Write Living Will - indicate treatment needs before too late. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00015-00009900-00010192 4. Plan to die at home - the place where anyone wants to die. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00016-00010192-00010592 5. Palliative Care - the middle way care of treatment that "not prolong life" and "not push to die". 2EvIeCeqvJu-00017-00010679-00011013 Expense incurred in the Funeral. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00018-00011013-00011142 Chinese Funeral Ceremony, 3-7 Monks Chanting from 4 -10 p.m. 10,000-18,000 Baht. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00019-00011142-00011264 Decorated Flowers in the Funeral 8,000-15,000 Baht. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00020-00011264-00011392 Reception Food from surveying in Bangkok temples average 2,000-5,000 baht per night. Chinese Funeral Ceremony, 9 monks chant from 9 a.m. - 10 p.m. 20,000 Baht. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00021-00011477-00012144 Alternative Funeral Idea. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00022-00012144-00012392 You know death well enough. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00023-00012754-00013189 Postcard to be sent to remind you not to forget about death. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00024-00013871-00014447 Cafe that allow you to talk about death relaxingly. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00025-00015909-00016209 Group Listening Volunteers 2EvIeCeqvJu-00026-00016258-00016601 Cheeva Mitr 2EvIeCeqvJu-00027-00016601-00016952 "Life unlock" Card Game 2EvIeCeqvJu-00028-00017358-00017633 Talk about everything about taking care of end stage patients and peaceful death. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00029-00018537-00019173 Last talk of those approaching death. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00030-00020268-00020585 The first time of revealing Living Will of Phra Paisal Visalo. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00031-00020837-00021254 Join many workshops which give you opportunity to practice dying. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00032-00022695-00023040 Music and good show that you should watch before death. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00033-00024535-00024915 "If not happy on birthday, just feel bored. But if not happy when die, will be pressured with suffering." 2EvIeCeqvJu-00034-00024915-00025345 "Must start preparation today. Do good. Meditate. Learn to let go. Be mindful with full awareness. 2EvIeCeqvJu-00035-00025345-00025636 "When the death arrive, you can have Happy Deathday." 2EvIeCeqvJu-00036-00025636-00025836 -Phra Pisal Visalo- 2P_n6utGN9Y-00000-00000097-00000549 Let's do a quick review of section 5.2 from active calculus on the second 2P_n6utGN9Y-00001-00000549-00000762 fundamental theorem of calculus. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00002-00000762-00001042 First recall the first fundamental theorem of calculus, 2P_n6utGN9Y-00003-00001042-00001466 which tells us that if f is a continuous function on the interval from a to b. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00004-00001466-00001947 And capital F is an antiderivative of little f, then the definite 2P_n6utGN9Y-00005-00001947-00002492 integral from a to b of little f is, capital F would be minus capital F of a. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00006-00002492-00002830 The first fundamental theorem, in other words, tells us that we can compute 2P_n6utGN9Y-00007-00002830-00003066 the exact value of a definite integral of a function. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00008-00003066-00003339 By first finding an antiderivative of that function. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00009-00003339-00003696 And then simply finding the difference between the antiderivative evaluated at 2P_n6utGN9Y-00010-00003696-00003845 the upper limit of integration. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00011-00003845-00004259 And the antiderivative evaluated at the lower limit of integration. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00012-00004259-00004593 So in addition to being practically important because it tells us a way of 2P_n6utGN9Y-00013-00004593-00004749 computing an integral. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00014-00004749-00005099 The first fundamental theorem is conceptually important because it 2P_n6utGN9Y-00015-00005099-00005451 formalizes the notion that derivatives and integrals are related. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00016-00005451-00005764 And in fact, they are inverse operations in some sense. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00017-00005764-00006095 An integral can be thought of as an anti differentiation problem, 2P_n6utGN9Y-00018-00006095-00006403 which is the opposite of differentiating. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00019-00006403-00006810 The second fundamental theorem of calculus looks at this connection from another 2P_n6utGN9Y-00020-00006810-00006887 point of view. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00021-00006887-00007313 It says that if f is a continuous function and c is any constant. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00022-00007313-00007647 Then if you look at the function a of x, 2P_n6utGN9Y-00023-00007647-00008140 which is defined to be the integral from c to x of f of tdt. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00024-00008140-00008535 Then the derivative of this function is f of x. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00025-00008535-00008844 This is a function that's defined as an integral, and 2P_n6utGN9Y-00026-00008844-00009067 the independent variable is x, not t. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00027-00009067-00009597 So as x increases, there is an area that's being swept out between the graph of f and 2P_n6utGN9Y-00028-00009597-00009767 the horizontal axis. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00029-00009767-00010295 And a of x is an area function that measures this area as x changes. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00030-00010295-00010717 One thing the second fundamental theorem says is that the rate at which this area 2P_n6utGN9Y-00031-00010717-00010939 is being accumulated as x changes. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00032-00010939-00011288 That is, that's the derivative of the area function, is precisely f, 2P_n6utGN9Y-00033-00011288-00011489 the function that you're integrating. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00034-00011489-00011906 So here again derivatives and integrals are seen to be inverses of each other. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00035-00011906-00012376 In the sense that the derivative undoes the integral to reveal the function 2P_n6utGN9Y-00036-00012376-00012488 that's inside. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00037-00012488-00012838 Another thing the second fundamental theorem says is that continuous functions 2P_n6utGN9Y-00038-00012838-00013079 on closed intervals always have anti-derivatives. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00039-00013079-00013449 Because that's what this area function, defined as an integral, is, 2P_n6utGN9Y-00040-00013449-00013791 it's an anti-derivative for f because its derivative equals f. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00041-00013791-00014063 So it establishes the existence of anti-derivatives for 2P_n6utGN9Y-00042-00014063-00014419 continuous functions under the right conditions. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00043-00014419-00014475 The first and 2P_n6utGN9Y-00044-00014475-00014831 second fundamental theorems are saying the same thing from different viewpoints. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00045-00014831-00015299 Namely, that integration and differentiation are inverse processes. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00046-00015299-00015565 The precise nature of that relationship being made 2P_n6utGN9Y-00047-00015565-00015765 rigorous in the theorem statements. 2P_n6utGN9Y-00048-00015765-00016595 So now let's have a look at some examples of the second fundamental theorem in use. 2S9T8XzKTxo-00000-00000266-00000542 Mouse here and I'm not a cat 2S9T8XzKTxo-00001-00000542-00000788 Just wanted to open up with that 2S9T8XzKTxo-00002-00000788-00001055 I'm not a cat I'm just drunk 2S9T8XzKTxo-00003-00001055-00001326 Walk like a duck and stomp like a stunk 2S9T8XzKTxo-00004-00001326-00001605 Trying to live my life day to day 2S9T8XzKTxo-00005-00001605-00001893 Drinking that triple X starting to sway 2S9T8XzKTxo-00006-00001893-00002477 Back and forth from lane to lane up on the sidewalk in the terrain 2S9T8XzKTxo-00007-00002990-00003236 It's another typical night 2S9T8XzKTxo-00008-00003236-00003528 Drinking and puking and wanting to fight 2S9T8XzKTxo-00009-00003528-00004070 Staying up to make some eggs but I drank so much I can't feel my legs 2S9T8XzKTxo-00010-00004070-00004320 Trying to stand but I fall on the floor 2S9T8XzKTxo-00011-00004320-00004625 I roll into the kitchen to drink some more 2S9T8XzKTxo-00012-00004625-00004879 One two three and four 2S9T8XzKTxo-00013-00004879-00005163 Beer in my belly is what I adore 2S9T8XzKTxo-00014-00005163-00005422 Sitting on the couch drunk I hear a noise 2S9T8XzKTxo-00015-00005447-00005689 I'm just sitting here trying to enjoy 2S9T8XzKTxo-00016-00005689-00006035 a buzz but it's an alien 2S9T8XzKTxo-00017-00006035-00006318 I threw a bottle straight at that cranium 2S9T8XzKTxo-00018-00006318-00006573 Crashing that ship comes to the ground 2S9T8XzKTxo-00019-00006573-00006848 I taught E.T. to never come around 2S9T8XzKTxo-00020-00006848-00007061 When I'm drunk sitting on my couch 2S9T8XzKTxo-00021-00007086-00007353 I'm just a mean green drunk grouch 2S9T8XzKTxo-00022-00007895-00008166 Powered by that triple X beer 2S9T8XzKTxo-00023-00008179-00008425 I'm the drunkest mouse around here 2S9T8XzKTxo-00024-00008454-00008700 There's not a time I'm not drunk 2S9T8XzKTxo-00025-00008729-00008979 That's a myth I can debunk 2S9T8XzKTxo-00026-00008992-00009246 Drunk and in the booth 2S9T8XzKTxo-00027-00009246-00009542 Just wanted to make some tunes 2S9T8XzKTxo-00028-00009542-00009809 Play this when drunk driving 2S9T8XzKTxo-00029-00009809-00010122 Play this and my funds be thriving 2SqLCoQufcc-00000-00000000-00000585 As of now June 2019, this is how Ladi and I have funded our multi-year trips 2SqLCoQufcc-00001-00000585-00001042 without any social media influence. 2SqLCoQufcc-00002-00001292-00001842 Traveling with savings is always unsustainable. The first major step to 2SqLCoQufcc-00003-00001842-00002336 full-time travel is finding a continual income and staying on a budget. Many full 2SqLCoQufcc-00004-00002336-00002790 time travelers turn to social platforms such as Instagram, Facebook and YouTube to 2SqLCoQufcc-00005-00002790-00003185 start traveling, but we began travelling full-time without utilizing any of those 2SqLCoQufcc-00006-00003185-00003732 online tools. You can be a regular person, not a social media star, and earn 2SqLCoQufcc-00007-00003732-00004187 money on the road. When I first left home I found a job that allowed me to travel 2SqLCoQufcc-00008-00004188-00004677 but with the exchange of working 24/7. I was tour leading Overland trips in Africa 2SqLCoQufcc-00009-00004677-00005206 and it was an amazing experience. All of my expenses were completely covered and 2SqLCoQufcc-00010-00005208-00005669 I got to see a lot of the continent. It was an awesome opportunity, but I also 2SqLCoQufcc-00011-00005670-00006164 had a lot less freedom than a digital nomad. Ladi approached travel income 2SqLCoQufcc-00012-00006164-00006576 completely differently. He would purposely seek out jobs abroad in a 2SqLCoQufcc-00013-00006576-00006968 field he was interested in learning more about and that gave him this huge 2SqLCoQufcc-00014-00006968-00007448 amount of exposure to different trades and in multiple communities. He would 2SqLCoQufcc-00015-00007448-00007898 rotate working with traveling, which is also not ideal, because you're still 2SqLCoQufcc-00016-00007898-00008454 trapped working to fund your next trip. Realizing this he began creating 2SqLCoQufcc-00017-00008454-00009032 these online tutorial videos about everything photography related. Photoshop, 2SqLCoQufcc-00018-00009032-00009590 retouching, and then selling all of those videos on his website in Czech. 2SqLCoQufcc-00019-00009590-00010050 This gave him much more freedom for travel. Once we decided to live together, 2SqLCoQufcc-00020-00010050-00010568 vanlife was clearly the best compromise for cheap, easy, international travel and 2SqLCoQufcc-00021-00010568-00010982 we focused on finding jobs we could do from our laptops. We are currently 2SqLCoQufcc-00022-00010982-00011436 living and traveling in our self build campervan, so our cost of living is 2SqLCoQufcc-00023-00011436-00011922 roughly $1200 a month as a couple. Van living allows simple and 2SqLCoQufcc-00024-00011922-00012227 convenient travel, plus we can stay comfortable and 2SqLCoQufcc-00025-00012227-00012824 productive while keeping our expenses low. To cover our costs on the road I work 15 2SqLCoQufcc-00026-00012824-00013337 hours a week teaching English online. I get paid about $22 dollars an hour and 2SqLCoQufcc-00027-00013337-00013757 the company I work for is called GoGoKid. The students are from China and we 2SqLCoQufcc-00028-00013757-00014050 video chat through the company's online platform. 2SqLCoQufcc-00029-00014050-00014660 This job allows me to build my own schedule, which is essential when you're 2SqLCoQufcc-00030-00014660-00015203 traveling. So how it goes is I'll either take a couple days off, or I'll be able 2SqLCoQufcc-00031-00015203-00015613 to add in more hours if you want to have a thicker paycheck. To access the Internet 2SqLCoQufcc-00032-00015613-00016031 I buy local SIM cards and I load them up with data. It's actually really 2SqLCoQufcc-00033-00016031-00016556 affordable to do if you get a tourist SIM card. I can just hotspot straight from 2SqLCoQufcc-00034-00016556-00017063 my phone to my laptop and then we use the van as a mobile office. The 2SqLCoQufcc-00035-00017063-00017462 connection is strong enough with 4G or LTE to be able to have these 2SqLCoQufcc-00036-00017462-00018080 conversations live, and it's been really ideal to be on the move, park, work, then continue on with our week. 2SqLCoQufcc-00037-00018080-00018881 To qualify for GoGoKid you need to be from either Canada or the US and you 2SqLCoQufcc-00038-00018881-00019226 do have to have a four-year degree. It doesn't have to be in teaching, but 2SqLCoQufcc-00039-00019226-00019586 obviously that's really helpful for them and they reward you having that 2SqLCoQufcc-00040-00019586-00020114 experience by giving you a higher wage per hour. The interview process is pretty 2SqLCoQufcc-00041-00020114-00020585 quick and they provide you with all of the materials that you could need. For me 2SqLCoQufcc-00042-00020585-00021158 this job isn't a destination job, it's very much a transitional, but it has been 2SqLCoQufcc-00043-00021158-00021656 a total blessing and sustained us for quite some time. 2SqLCoQufcc-00044-00021656-00022148 I've been working for GoGoKid for about a year, and one of my favorite 2SqLCoQufcc-00045-00022148-00022540 aspects of it is the incredible work-life balance. This has 2SqLCoQufcc-00046-00022540-00022960 allowed us to have these travelling adventures and plenty of time for 2SqLCoQufcc-00047-00022960-00023379 relaxation, while only committing 15 hours a week to work. If you are 2SqLCoQufcc-00048-00023380-00023906 interested in working for GoGoKid or learning more about it, just shoot me a 2SqLCoQufcc-00049-00023906-00024296 private message on Instagram @Curlyhaircamping and I can give you all 2SqLCoQufcc-00050-00024296-00024754 the information that I know of and a complete rundown of what the process was 2SqLCoQufcc-00051-00024754-00025343 like for me. I will leave my code, my referral code, at the bottom along with 2SqLCoQufcc-00052-00025343-00025744 the referral link, which they always give preference to when you're going into the 2SqLCoQufcc-00053-00025744-00026203 interview. Now that we have our main cost covered, we can focus on the fields 2SqLCoQufcc-00054-00026203-00026614 that we are most passionate about, which for us has always been photography, 2SqLCoQufcc-00055-00026614-00027188 videography, and education. This lifestyle has definitely motivated and inspired us 2SqLCoQufcc-00056-00027188-00027616 and we've become really excited to share it with anyone who will listen. We've 2SqLCoQufcc-00057-00027616-00028072 been on the road for years, so now we feel like we have the knowledge to 2SqLCoQufcc-00058-00028072-00028541 contribute to the online community. We recently discovered that YouTube can be 2SqLCoQufcc-00059-00028541-00029119 an excellent source of income for anyone who enjoys video creation. Whether we are 2SqLCoQufcc-00060-00029119-00029624 filming educational videos about full time travel, or DIY projects, or 2SqLCoQufcc-00061-00029624-00030113 informative blogs, YouTube is an enjoyable platform to work on. We aren't 2SqLCoQufcc-00062-00030113-00030565 making a living off of this money, but it's definitely been a nice help, so 2SqLCoQufcc-00063-00030565-00031393 please don't skip a heads on our channel! It rewards us for doing something right! 2SqLCoQufcc-00064-00031393-00031939 Long-term travel can only work if you're willing to. There's endless opportunities 2SqLCoQufcc-00065-00031939-00032375 both online and abroad, and they aren't just in digital marketing. Whether it's 2SqLCoQufcc-00066-00032375-00032815 working for yourself, working for others, or a little bit of both, get creative and 2SqLCoQufcc-00067-00032815-00033115 you'll see the world in no time. Thanks so much for watching. If you're 2SqLCoQufcc-00068-00033115-00033478 interested to see where we are parked right now, and a little bit more about 2SqLCoQufcc-00069-00033478-00033899 vanlife lifestyle, make sure to give me a follow and instagram @curlyhaircamping 2SqLCoQufcc-00070-00033899-00034421 If you want to see backstage of videos like this, photography, and more 2SqLCoQufcc-00071-00034421-00034931 about electric bikes, make sure to give Ladi a follow @panorama_mann. 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Thanks so much for watching, I'll see you in the next video! 2TyKODJcDv0-00000-00000050-00001329 [ Silence ] 2TyKODJcDv0-00001-00001329-00001711 >> Michael Babich: Good morning Mr. Chairman and Commissioners. 2TyKODJcDv0-00002-00001711-00001828 >> Elliot Kaye: Good morning Dr. Babich. 2TyKODJcDv0-00003-00001828-00002160 You just got to give me a second please to start the meeting if that's OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00004-00002160-00002240 I know you're eager. 2TyKODJcDv0-00005-00002240-00002448 We're all very eager. 2TyKODJcDv0-00006-00002448-00002956 Were under tight congressional dead line and Dr. Babich is ready to get us moving along. 2TyKODJcDv0-00007-00002956-00003141 Good morning and welcome to this public meeting 2TyKODJcDv0-00008-00003141-00003488 of the United State Consumer Product Safety Commission. 2TyKODJcDv0-00009-00003488-00004051 We have one item on the agenda this morning, CPSC staff will brief the Commission on a notice 2TyKODJcDv0-00010-00004051-00004383 of proposed rule-making for prohibition of children's toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00011-00004383-00004790 and child care articles containing specified phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00012-00004790-00005308 The CPSC staff members briefing as this morning are; Dr. Michael Babich, Director, 2TyKODJcDv0-00013-00005308-00005752 Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment and Directorate for Health Sciences, 2TyKODJcDv0-00014-00005752-00006034 Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction. 2TyKODJcDv0-00015-00006034-00006411 Dr. Kent Carlson, Toxicologist, Directorate for Health Sciences 2TyKODJcDv0-00016-00006411-00006670 in the Office Hazard Identification and Reduction. 2TyKODJcDv0-00017-00006670-00007194 And Mr. David DiMatteo, Attorney in the Office of the General Counsel. 2TyKODJcDv0-00018-00007194-00007626 At the conclusion of staffs briefing, we will turn to questions from the Commissioners, 2TyKODJcDv0-00019-00007626-00007941 where we're going to start with the staff briefing and whether it's Dr. Babich 2TyKODJcDv0-00020-00007941-00008620 or Mr. DiMatteo, if you can please begin. 2TyKODJcDv0-00021-00008620-00008918 >> Michael Babich: I will like to ask Mr. David DeMatteo 2TyKODJcDv0-00022-00008918-00009454 to begin the briefing to talk about the CPSIA. 2TyKODJcDv0-00023-00009607-00009843 >> David DiMatteo: Good morning chairman and Commissioners. 2TyKODJcDv0-00024-00009843-00010113 I will be giving a brief overview of the law. 2TyKODJcDv0-00025-00010113-00010644 Section 108 of the CPSIA permanently prohibits any children's toy or childcare article 2TyKODJcDv0-00026-00010644-00011188 that contains concentrations of more than 0.1%-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00027-00011188-00011926 and bear with me for just using the acronyms here-- DBP, BBP and DEHP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00028-00011926-00012458 Section 108 also on interim basis prohibits any children's toy that can be placed 2TyKODJcDv0-00029-00012458-00012834 in a child's mouth or child care article that contains concentrations of more 2TyKODJcDv0-00030-00012834-00013300 than 0.1% of DINP, DIDP and DNOP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00031-00013300-00014068 The statutory prohibitions became effective February of 2009. 2TyKODJcDv0-00032-00014068-00014274 And the interim prohibitions remain in effect 2TyKODJcDv0-00033-00014274-00014534 until the Commission issues a final rule determining whether 2TyKODJcDv0-00034-00014534-00014794 to make the interim prohibitions permanent. 2TyKODJcDv0-00035-00014953-00015256 Section 108(b)(2)(A) requires the Commission 2TyKODJcDv0-00036-00015256-00015704 to appoint a Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel also known as the CHAP to study the effects 2TyKODJcDv0-00037-00015704-00016055 on children's health of all phthalates and phthalate alternatives as used 2TyKODJcDv0-00038-00016055-00016344 in children's toys and child care articles. 2TyKODJcDv0-00039-00016344-00016798 And Dr. Babich will be discussing in a moment in more detail the CHAP charge. 2TyKODJcDv0-00040-00016944-00017262 Section 108(b)(2)(C) directs the CHAP to recommend 2TyKODJcDv0-00041-00017262-00017605 to the Commission whether any phthalates or phthalate alternatives other 2TyKODJcDv0-00042-00017605-00018201 than those permanently prohibited should be declared banned hazardous substances. 2TyKODJcDv0-00043-00018201-00018649 Regarding rule-making, section 108(b)(3) of the CPSIA requires the Commission 2TyKODJcDv0-00044-00018649-00019179 to promulgate a final rule under Section 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act also know 2TyKODJcDv0-00045-00019179-00019774 as the APA not later than 180 days after the Commission receives the CHAP reportper. 2TyKODJcDv0-00046-00019930-00020475 Section 108(b)(3)(A) requires the Commission to determine based on such report whether 2TyKODJcDv0-00047-00020475-00020922 to continue in effect the interim prohibition in order to ensure a reasonable certainty 2TyKODJcDv0-00048-00020922-00021277 of no harm to children, pregnant women, or other susceptible individuals 2TyKODJcDv0-00049-00021277-00021530 with an adequate margin of safety. 2TyKODJcDv0-00050-00021663-00022111 Section 108(b)(3)(B) also requires the Commission to evaluate the findings 2TyKODJcDv0-00051-00022111-00022556 and recommendations of the CHAP and declare any children's product containing any phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00052-00022556-00022920 to be a banned hazardous product under Section 8 of the CPSA, 2TyKODJcDv0-00053-00022920-00023284 also known as the Consumer Product Safety Act, as the Commission determines necessary 2TyKODJcDv0-00054-00023284-00023549 to protect the health of children. 2TyKODJcDv0-00055-00023549-00023947 And now at this point I will turn over the rest of presentation to Dr. Babich 2TyKODJcDv0-00056-00023947-00024341 to discuss the CHAP report and proposed rule. 2TyKODJcDv0-00057-00024464-00024700 >> Michael Babich: Good morning. 2TyKODJcDv0-00058-00024700-00025743 Phthalate esters or phthalates or more properly ortho-phthalates esters are family of chemicals 2TyKODJcDv0-00059-00025743-00026299 that are mainly used as plasticizers, softeners for vinyl plastics. 2TyKODJcDv0-00060-00026299-00027098 They're also used as plasticizers in other plastics as solvent and in fragrances. 2TyKODJcDv0-00061-00027098-00027677 Phthalates have been-- have been used in many types of products including teethers, toys, 2TyKODJcDv0-00062-00027677-00028242 automobiles, personal care products, and medical devices. 2TyKODJcDv0-00063-00028644-00029204 CPSIA require the CHAP to assess the potential health risk of phthalates used 2TyKODJcDv0-00064-00029204-00029967 in children's products including all potential health effects 2TyKODJcDv0-00065-00029967-00030508 on children's health including endocrine disruption; effects of phthalates both 2TyKODJcDv0-00066-00030508-00031119 in isolation and in combination with other phthalates; likely levels of exposures 2TyKODJcDv0-00067-00031119-00031620 to children, pregnant women and others; cumulative effect of total exposure 2TyKODJcDv0-00068-00031620-00032268 to phthalates from children's products, personal care products and other sources. 2TyKODJcDv0-00069-00032268-00032933 And the CHAP-- In doing so, the CHAP is to review all relevant data, 2TyKODJcDv0-00070-00032933-00033573 consider health effects not only from ingestion, but also as a result of dermal, 2TyKODJcDv0-00071-00033573-00033808 hand-to-mouth, or other exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-00072-00033808-00034602 And considerable level at which there is a reasonable certainty of no harm, 2TyKODJcDv0-00073-00034602-00035075 using appropriate safety factors for children, pregnant women, 2TyKODJcDv0-00074-00035075-00035472 other susceptible individuals, and their offspring. 2TyKODJcDv0-00075-00035472-00036067 And consider possible similar health effects of phthalate alternatives used 2TyKODJcDv0-00076-00036067-00036436 in children's toys and child care articles. 2TyKODJcDv0-00077-00036436-00037179 The panel's examination is to be conducted de novo and finally they're to recommend 2TyKODJcDv0-00078-00037179-00037557 to CPSC whether to ban any additional phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00079-00037557-00038218 or phthalate alternatives or combinations thereof. 2TyKODJcDv0-00080-00038218-00038644 In short it's a tall order. 2TyKODJcDv0-00081-00038901-00039678 Staff is grateful to the CHAP members shown here for their professionalism and dedication 2TyKODJcDv0-00082-00039678-00040073 in completing their lengthy and complex task. 2TyKODJcDv0-00083-00040073-00040543 The CHAP met for the first time in April 2010. 2TyKODJcDv0-00084-00040543-00041224 And in a total of seven public meetings, at the July 2010 meeting, 2TyKODJcDv0-00085-00041224-00041732 the CHAP heard public testimony from stakeholders as well 2TyKODJcDv0-00086-00041732-00042093 as federal agency representatives. 2TyKODJcDv0-00087-00042093-00042595 They also invited distinguish scientist to present their latest research 2TyKODJcDv0-00088-00042595-00043139 at that meeting and several meetings thereafter. 2TyKODJcDv0-00089-00043358-00044065 During the course of their work, the CHAP requested peer review of their draft report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00090-00044065-00044875 Peer reviewers were nominated by the National Academy of Sciences and met the same conflict 2TyKODJcDv0-00091-00044875-00045152 of interest requirements as the CHAP members. 2TyKODJcDv0-00092-00045152-00045756 In others words, they don't work for the government except NIH, 2TyKODJcDv0-00093-00045756-00046399 National Toxicology Program, or the National Center for Toxicological Research 2TyKODJcDv0-00094-00046399-00046669 and they aren't associated with the manufacturers. 2TyKODJcDv0-00095-00046669-00047494 And the process was managed by non-profit group specializing in peer review. 2TyKODJcDv0-00096-00047494-00048138 And the requirements to have them-- they were based-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00097-00048138-00048571 the peer reviewers were held to the same requirements as the CHAP members 2TyKODJcDv0-00098-00048571-00049666 to protect the independence of the CHAP report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00099-00049666-00050669 So, to summarize the CHAP report and its findings, as required by the CPSIA, 2TyKODJcDv0-00100-00050669-00051229 the CHAP considered health effects of phthalates in animals, all health effects of phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00101-00051229-00051829 and there are number of potential effects that they considered. 2TyKODJcDv0-00102-00051829-00052575 Liver and kidney toxicity are the most common targets across the range of phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00103-00052575-00053092 Carcinogenicity is less common, not 2TyKODJcDv0-00104-00053092-00053523 as many phthalates are associated with carcinogenic effects. 2TyKODJcDv0-00105-00053523-00054521 These are mainly hepatocellular tumors caused by-- associated with DINP and DEHP, however, 2TyKODJcDv0-00106-00054521-00055252 the mode of action which involves something called PPAR alpha induction doesn't-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00107-00055252-00055907 or may not be relevant to humans and this is something that a previous CHAP addressed. 2TyKODJcDv0-00108-00055907-00056636 There are also various types of reproductive and developmental effects, skeletal variations, 2TyKODJcDv0-00109-00056636-00057385 urinary tract malformations, reduce fertility, and finally, certain types of effects 2TyKODJcDv0-00110-00057385-00057979 on male reproductive development known as the phthalates syndrome. 2TyKODJcDv0-00111-00058262-00058795 After considering all the health effects phthalates, the CHAP decided for the purpose 2TyKODJcDv0-00112-00058795-00059254 of the cumulative risk assessment because they're looking 2TyKODJcDv0-00113-00059254-00059627 at both cumulative risks and risks in isolation. 2TyKODJcDv0-00114-00059627-00060278 For the cumulative risks, they would focus on the male developmental effects 2TyKODJcDv0-00115-00060278-00060644 for assessing the cumulative risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00116-00060644-00061434 Now, phthalates syndrome in rat is a set of symptoms effects 2TyKODJcDv0-00117-00061434-00062309 that includes among others reduce anogenital distance, retained areola/nipples which is-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00118-00062309-00062737 does not normally happen in the rodents. 2TyKODJcDv0-00119-00062737-00063199 Undescended teste-- oh, typo-- undescended testes, 2TyKODJcDv0-00120-00063199-00063879 malformation of the penis called hypospadias. 2TyKODJcDv0-00121-00063879-00064441 Now, these effects are due in large part to inhibition of testosterone synthesis. 2TyKODJcDv0-00122-00064441-00064949 Another word for that would be antiandrogenicity, 2TyKODJcDv0-00123-00064949-00065386 which the CHAP often uses in their report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00124-00065386-00066194 And based on the animal's data, the fetus is the most sensitive target, the most life stage 2TyKODJcDv0-00125-00066194-00066781 to these effects followed by the young animals and the adult. 2TyKODJcDv0-00126-00066781-00067836 So, for example, at a later age, you may need higher doses to see an effect. 2TyKODJcDv0-00127-00067836-00068596 CHAP concluded that this is overall the most sensitive and most studied endpoint. 2TyKODJcDv0-00128-00068596-00069159 They also noted that mixtures of antiandrogenic phthalates, well, 2TyKODJcDv0-00129-00069159-00069405 not all phthalates cause this effect. 2TyKODJcDv0-00130-00069405-00069627 There are certain ones that do. 2TyKODJcDv0-00131-00069627-00070307 And they're called either active phthalates or antiandrogenic phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00132-00070307-00070651 In mixtures of antiandrogenic phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00133-00070651-00071069 and even other antiandrogenic compounds are additive. 2TyKODJcDv0-00134-00071069-00071394 In other words, there's evidence from the animal studies 2TyKODJcDv0-00135-00071394-00071847 that there are indeed cumulative effects. 2TyKODJcDv0-00136-00072110-00072777 The CHAP also reviewed the human data on phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00137-00073059-00073333 And they noted that phthalates syndrome 2TyKODJcDv0-00138-00073333-00073955 in animals resembles something called testicular dysgenesis syndrome in humans. 2TyKODJcDv0-00139-00073955-00074534 This is characterized by undescended testes, the same malformation of the penis 2TyKODJcDv0-00140-00074534-00075178 of the hypospadias, poor sperm quality, and testicular cancer. 2TyKODJcDv0-00141-00075178-00076029 Most of these are the same effects produce by the phthalates in animals. 2TyKODJcDv0-00142-00076029-00076704 And they also noted that there is a growing number of studies associating phthalate exposure 2TyKODJcDv0-00143-00076704-00077372 in humans with reduced anogenital distance in newborns, cognitive and behavioral effects 2TyKODJcDv0-00144-00077372-00078021 in children, and reproductive effects in adult males. 2TyKODJcDv0-00145-00078021-00078683 Now the epidemiology studied, by their nature, have limitations. 2TyKODJcDv0-00146-00078683-00079347 For one thing, you can't control a person's exposure-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00147-00079347-00079797 you can't test one phthalate at a time and then put them all together. 2TyKODJcDv0-00148-00079797-00080612 So, they don't-- it's difficult to establish a cause and effect epidemia-- in general. 2TyKODJcDv0-00149-00080612-00081332 However, in the staff's view this provides supporting evidence for the animal studies. 2TyKODJcDv0-00150-00081332-00082083 The fact that you have consistent results across multiple species and evidence 2TyKODJcDv0-00151-00082083-00082644 that similar effects occur in humans is a powerful combination. 2TyKODJcDv0-00152-00082799-00083269 There are actually-- well, two ways. 2TyKODJcDv0-00153-00083269-00083876 The CHAP assess exposure to phthalates by two different methods. 2TyKODJcDv0-00154-00083876-00084349 Human Biomonitoring, the first method, involves measurements 2TyKODJcDv0-00155-00084349-00084651 of phthalates metabolites in human urine. 2TyKODJcDv0-00156-00084651-00085063 It provides measures of a person's total exposure to a number of phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00157-00085063-00085742 We sometimes refer to it as a top-down approach. 2TyKODJcDv0-00158-00085742-00086152 However, it does not provide information on the sources of exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-00159-00086152-00087001 In data for biomonitoring data in CHAP report came from two sources, the NHANES, 2TyKODJcDv0-00160-00087001-00087716 the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a national survey conducted 2TyKODJcDv0-00161-00087716-00088187 periodically by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2TyKODJcDv0-00162-00088187-00088648 It includes a statistical sample of the US population. 2TyKODJcDv0-00163-00088648-00089086 And the biomonitoring data on phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00164-00089086-00089722 and other chemicals are part of a much broader study. 2TyKODJcDv0-00165-00089722-00090283 The CHAP used NHANES data to estimate exposures 2TyKODJcDv0-00166-00090283-00090662 for pregnant women and women of reproductive age. 2TyKODJcDv0-00167-00090662-00091185 However, NHANES doesn't include children under 6. 2TyKODJcDv0-00168-00091185-00091630 So the CHAP obtained additional data from an NIH 2TyKODJcDv0-00169-00091630-00092045 and EPA-funded study call as Study for Future Families. 2TyKODJcDv0-00170-00092045-00092551 This study has biomonitoring data on mother-infant pairs. 2TyKODJcDv0-00171-00092551-00093165 The mothers were studied during pregnancy and after delivery, 2TyKODJcDv0-00172-00093165-00093502 and of course the infants after birth. 2TyKODJcDv0-00173-00093817-00094560 The CHAP also estimated exposure from specific products and sources by exposure modeling. 2TyKODJcDv0-00174-00094560-00094843 This is another requirement of the CPSIA. 2TyKODJcDv0-00175-00094843-00095417 It uses data on phthalate concentrations in products, migration rates, 2TyKODJcDv0-00176-00095417-00095747 and use patterns to estimate exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-00177-00095747-00096355 For example, to estimate exposure from mouthing toys, the CHAP used the migration rate 2TyKODJcDv0-00178-00096355-00096974 of phthalates into artificial saliva combined with data on mouthing duration. 2TyKODJcDv0-00179-00096974-00097548 You know, how long does a child mouth toys and teethers and things like that? 2TyKODJcDv0-00180-00097677-00098014 This provides exposure estimates for specific sources 2TyKODJcDv0-00181-00098014-00098343 like personal care products as required by the CPSIA. 2TyKODJcDv0-00182-00098343-00098894 And we look at this as a bottom-up approach. 2TyKODJcDv0-00183-00098894-00099507 The CHAP's overall plan for the cumulative risk assessment involved the Hazard Index approach 2TyKODJcDv0-00184-00099507-00100716 based on effects-- based on effects on male reproductive development. 2TyKODJcDv0-00185-00100716-00101182 The dose response assessment, in other words, the potency estimate 2TyKODJcDv0-00186-00101182-00101626 for the phthalates was based on animal studies. 2TyKODJcDv0-00187-00101626-00102507 Exposure for the cumulative risk assessment was based on estimated from the biomonitoring data. 2TyKODJcDv0-00188-00102507-00102914 Based on the animal studies, the most sensitive target is the male fetus, 2TyKODJcDv0-00189-00102914-00103283 followed by newborns, juveniles, and adults. 2TyKODJcDv0-00190-00103283-00104046 Thus, the CHAP considered exposures to pregnant women which is really a surrogate for the fetus. 2TyKODJcDv0-00191-00104046-00104760 They also look at mother pre-natal and post-natal and infants. 2TyKODJcDv0-00192-00105331-00105624 The CHAP used something called the Potency Estimate 2TyKODJcDv0-00193-00105624-00106108 for Anti-Androgenicity as a measure of potency. 2TyKODJcDv0-00194-00106108-00106995 The PEAA is-- it's similar to an acceptable daily intake or reference dose that many, we, 2TyKODJcDv0-00195-00106995-00107295 and other agencies derive except that it's specific 2TyKODJcDv0-00196-00107295-00107740 for this particular male reproductive effect. 2TyKODJcDv0-00197-00107740-00108271 Normally, a reference dose or acceptable daily intake is based 2TyKODJcDv0-00198-00108271-00109024 on whatever the most sensitive effect is for a particular chemical. 2TyKODJcDv0-00199-00109024-00109464 In this case, it's specific to the endpoint. 2TyKODJcDv0-00200-00109464-00110293 And to do this, CHAP used three different-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00201-00110293-00110578 actually used three different sets of PEAA values. 2TyKODJcDv0-00202-00110578-00110845 They called them cases to assess the effect 2TyKODJcDv0-00203-00110845-00111332 of different PEAA values on the overall conclusions. 2TyKODJcDv0-00204-00111332-00111725 Each case includes a PEAA value for each phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00205-00111725-00112484 Case 1 uses values from a recent publication, published values. 2TyKODJcDv0-00206-00112484-00113503 Case 2 is based on a relative potency approach using data from a single laboratory where all 2TyKODJcDv0-00207-00113503-00113869 of the phthalates were studied under identical conditions. 2TyKODJcDv0-00208-00113869-00114588 And Case 3 is based on the CHAP's literature review, in other words, 2TyKODJcDv0-00209-00114588-00114938 the breath of the literature on phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00210-00114938-00115961 Now, to calculate the Hazard Index, for each individual in the NHANES and the SFF study, 2TyKODJcDv0-00211-00115961-00116549 they calculate-- you have the metabolite levels in the person's urine. 2TyKODJcDv0-00212-00116549-00117271 You calculate-- that's use to calculate the exposure to each phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00213-00117395-00118298 The Hazard Quotient for each phthalate is the exposure divided by the PEAA value. 2TyKODJcDv0-00214-00118298-00119121 And then the Hazard Quotients are simply added to obtain the Hazard Index. 2TyKODJcDv0-00215-00119121-00119576 A Hazard Index greater than 1 means that there maybe a risk for effects 2TyKODJcDv0-00216-00119576-00119881 on male reproductive development. 2TyKODJcDv0-00217-00120097-00120643 Let's see. 2TyKODJcDv0-00218-00120643-00121236 Now, the CHAP found the up to 10% of pregnant women and up to 5% 2TyKODJcDv0-00219-00121236-00121630 of infants have a Hazard Index greater than 1. 2TyKODJcDv0-00220-00121630-00122116 Thus, up to 10% of pregnant women actually their male offspring. 2TyKODJcDv0-00221-00122116-00123192 And up to 5% of infants maybe at risk for the male reproductive effects of phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00222-00123422-00124239 The Hazard Index method also shows how much each phthalates contributes to the Hazard Index. 2TyKODJcDv0-00223-00124239-00125415 For pregnant women, DEHP clearly contributed the most to the overall Hazard Index. 2TyKODJcDv0-00224-00125415-00126209 These are the five phthalates that were included in the cumulative risk assessment 2TyKODJcDv0-00225-00126209-00126641 and the results from the three different cases. 2TyKODJcDv0-00226-00126641-00127053 Dibutyl phthalates, the starred ones, dibutyl, butyl benzyl, 2TyKODJcDv0-00227-00127053-00127461 and DEHP are permanently banned phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00228-00127461-00127963 DINP at the bottom is subject to the interim ban. 2TyKODJcDv0-00229-00127963-00128830 Diisobutyl phthalate is another phthalate that the CHAP has recommended for prohibition. 2TyKODJcDv0-00230-00128830-00129407 And so, what this shows is that most of the risk, most of the Hazard Index comes 2TyKODJcDv0-00231-00129407-00130168 from one phthalate DEHP and that the other phthalates contribute 2TyKODJcDv0-00232-00130168-00130667 about equally to the overall risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00233-00130667-00131413 The exact amount varies by the case but it's between 1 and 8%. 2TyKODJcDv0-00234-00131413-00132308 And this is simply a similar graph for the infants. 2TyKODJcDv0-00235-00132308-00133079 In this case, DEHP is still the predominant contributor to the overall risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00236-00133079-00133958 The other phthalates contribute a little bit more in this case up to 15%. 2TyKODJcDv0-00237-00134154-00134550 So the CHAP's key findings from the Hazard Index. 2TyKODJcDv0-00238-00134550-00135078 For pregnant women up to 10% have Hazard Index greater than 1. 2TyKODJcDv0-00239-00135078-00136055 And male fetuses-- maybe their male fetuses may be at risk for adverse health effects. 2TyKODJcDv0-00240-00136443-00137101 For infants, up to 5% have Hazard Index greater than 1 and they may be at risk 2TyKODJcDv0-00241-00137101-00137624 for the cumulative effects of phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00242-00137624-00138199 And that the Hazard Index is primarily due to one phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00243-00138199-00139495 With Cases 1 and 3 about 75% of the overall risk or more than 75%, Case 2 more than 50%. 2TyKODJcDv0-00244-00139495-00139964 The CHAP also considered how different sources of exposure, 2TyKODJcDv0-00245-00139964-00140310 different products can contribute to the total exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-00246-00140310-00140538 This was done by exposure modeling. 2TyKODJcDv0-00247-00140538-00140914 The CHAP's analysis assumed that phthalates would be allowed 2TyKODJcDv0-00248-00140914-00141122 in toys and child care articles. 2TyKODJcDv0-00249-00141122-00141781 You know, what if they were allowed and actually assumes 2TyKODJcDv0-00250-00141781-00143021 that all the products have PVC products anyway or-- actually contain phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00251-00143021-00143951 Again, for women of reproductive age, diet was the major source of exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-00252-00143951-00144680 For most of the phthalates diet meting food and beverages and so on. 2TyKODJcDv0-00253-00144680-00145410 Cosmetics and personal care products are also significant sources of diethyl phthalate 2TyKODJcDv0-00254-00145410-00145715 and dibutyl phthalate, two particular phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00255-00145715-00146390 Diethyl by the way is not one of the antiandrogenicity phthalates, 2TyKODJcDv0-00256-00146390-00146758 so it's not contributing to the cumulative risk assessment. 2TyKODJcDv0-00257-00146758-00147236 For infants and toddlers, again, most of the exposures from diet, 2TyKODJcDv0-00258-00147236-00147623 personal care products are a major source 2TyKODJcDv0-00259-00147623-00148154 of diethyl phthalate but that's a different category. 2TyKODJcDv0-00260-00148154-00148992 Teethers and toys and child care articles also contribute significantly to the overall risk, 2TyKODJcDv0-00261-00148992-00149385 but really the vast majority is from diet. 2TyKODJcDv0-00262-00149385-00150581 And of course as required by the CPSIA, the CHAP also considered risks in isolation 2TyKODJcDv0-00263-00150581-00151409 and this was done largely by the margin of exposure approach and the risks 2TyKODJcDv0-00264-00151409-00151795 in isolation unlike the cumulative risk are based 2TyKODJcDv0-00265-00151795-00152273 on the most sensitive endpoint for each chemical. 2TyKODJcDv0-00266-00152273-00152747 And it's not necessarily the male developmental effects. 2TyKODJcDv0-00267-00152747-00153819 And in fact for the-- it's not that if the chemical is not causing those effects. 2TyKODJcDv0-00268-00153819-00154045 The margin of exposure is the ratio 2TyKODJcDv0-00269-00154045-00154755 of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level, NOAEL or NOAEL, to the exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-00270-00154755-00155474 In other words, you divide the no-effect level by the estimated exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-00271-00155474-00155904 In this case, a larger margin of exposure means a lower risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00272-00155904-00156361 For most chemicals you would like to have a margin of exposure 2TyKODJcDv0-00273-00156361-00156775 of at least 100 to protect human health. 2TyKODJcDv0-00274-00156775-00157119 This assumes-- well, in the most common case, 2TyKODJcDv0-00275-00157119-00157551 you have established a no-effect level in animal studies. 2TyKODJcDv0-00276-00157551-00158505 In other cases, if you have not established a NOAEL, or there's some-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00277-00158505-00159719 if you have inadequate data, you might want to see a margin of exposure more like a thousand. 2TyKODJcDv0-00278-00159719-00160819 So, the CHAP's recommendations-- in making their recommendations, they've used the scheme. 2TyKODJcDv0-00279-00160819-00161460 For the antiandrogenicity phthalates, their recommendations were based 2TyKODJcDv0-00280-00161460-00161893 on male developmental effects and they placed greater emphasis 2TyKODJcDv0-00281-00161893-00162315 on the cumulative risk than the risk in isolation. 2TyKODJcDv0-00282-00162315-00162648 For non-antiandrogenic phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00283-00162648-00163542 and the phthalate alternatives essentially the alternatives weren't antiandrogenic. 2TyKODJcDv0-00284-00163542-00164298 They used the most sensitive endpoint and of course-- and they assess the risk in isolation. 2TyKODJcDv0-00285-00164298-00165840 No. The CHAPs did not recommend any further action by CPSC, 2TyKODJcDv0-00286-00165840-00166856 at least not any further prohibitions on the permanently prohibited phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00287-00166856-00167110 Obviously, there are already permanently prohibited 2TyKODJcDv0-00288-00167110-00167517 in children's toys and child care articles. 2TyKODJcDv0-00289-00167629-00168240 Although-- And they did make some general recommendations on additional work 2TyKODJcDv0-00290-00168240-00168662 by the federal agencies as a whole. 2TyKODJcDv0-00291-00168662-00169053 Regarding phthalate subject to the interim prohibition, 2TyKODJcDv0-00292-00169053-00169507 the CHAP recommended a permanent prohibition of toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00293-00169507-00170154 and child care articles containing diisononyl phthalate because it's antiandrogenic 2TyKODJcDv0-00294-00170154-00170585 and therefore it contributes to the cumulative risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00295-00170585-00171130 The CHAP also recommended removing the interim prohibition 2TyKODJcDv0-00296-00171130-00171654 on di-n-octyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00297-00171654-00172137 There's no evidence of antiandrogenicity, therefore, they considered the risks 2TyKODJcDv0-00298-00172137-00172763 in isolation in the margins of exposure where greater than 100. 2TyKODJcDv0-00299-00173095-00173564 The CHAP also made recommendations on some phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00300-00173564-00173847 that are not currently subject to prohibition. 2TyKODJcDv0-00301-00173847-00174162 The CHAP recommends a permanent prohibition of children's toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00302-00174162-00174822 and child care articles containing diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-pentyl phthalate, 2TyKODJcDv0-00303-00174822-00175275 dicyclohexyl phthalate, and di-n-hexyl phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00304-00175275-00175852 These are antiandrogenic and they contribute to the cumulative risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00305-00175852-00176741 And also, the CHAP recommended an interim prohibition of the diisooctyl phthalate 2TyKODJcDv0-00306-00176741-00177890 because there's limited evidence on antiandrogenicity. 2TyKODJcDv0-00307-00177890-00178261 And the CHAP reviewed a total of 14 different phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00308-00178261-00178967 They did not recommend any CPSC action on dimethyl phthalates, diethyl phthalate 2TyKODJcDv0-00309-00178967-00179666 or di-2-propylhelptyl phthalate because there's no evidence of antiandrogenicity. 2TyKODJcDv0-00310-00179666-00180730 However-- And there's no evidence that they present a hazard-- post a hazard to consumers, 2TyKODJcDv0-00311-00180730-00181355 however, they did recommend additional study of diethyl phthalates and DPHP 2TyKODJcDv0-00312-00181355-00181987 by the federal agencies-- appropriate federal agencies. 2TyKODJcDv0-00313-00181987-00182276 And they did note that there are limited data available, 2TyKODJcDv0-00314-00182276-00182928 at least publicly available on the health effects of DPHP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00315-00182928-00183823 And DPHP is one that we-- hadn't seen in toys but it did show 2TyKODJcDv0-00316-00183823-00184426 up after the CHAP report was completed so we have seen it now. 2TyKODJcDv0-00317-00184426-00185189 And finally, the CHAP looked at six phthalate alternatives. 2TyKODJcDv0-00318-00185189-00185811 Again, they're not recommending any action on these alternatives at this time in part 2TyKODJcDv0-00319-00185811-00186798 because there's no evidence of antiandrogenicity and there's no evidence that they post hazard, 2TyKODJcDv0-00320-00186798-00187278 however, they noted that there are four various chemicals are-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00321-00187278-00188212 some of these are limited in terms of either their toxicity data or exposure data or both. 2TyKODJcDv0-00322-00188212-00189085 So again, the CHAP recommended these for further study by the appropriate federal agencies. 2TyKODJcDv0-00323-00189085-00189348 You know, some of these substitute, 2TyKODJcDv0-00324-00189348-00189899 the alternatives like the phthalates are multi-used chemicals and they-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00325-00189899-00190321 they're found in a lot of products and found in our homes. 2TyKODJcDv0-00326-00190321-00190675 And for some of these, the CHAP was able to estimate exposures 2TyKODJcDv0-00327-00190675-00190945 from toys and child care articles. 2TyKODJcDv0-00328-00190945-00191942 But the total exposure to these chemicals which includes food for some of them is unknown. 2TyKODJcDv0-00329-00192465-00192904 So, the staff reviewed the CHAP report and concluded. 2TyKODJcDv0-00330-00193028-00193517 The CHAP fully met its charge. 2TyKODJcDv0-00331-00193517-00193885 The selection of phthalates and phthalates alternatives for study, 2TyKODJcDv0-00332-00193885-00194242 for inclusion in their report is appropriate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00333-00194242-00195257 They selected phthalates and alternatives that were either the six phthalates in the CPSIA 2TyKODJcDv0-00334-00195257-00195898 and they added additional phthalates and alternatives based on either known toxicity 2TyKODJcDv0-00335-00195898-00196491 or known exposure or exposure potential. 2TyKODJcDv0-00336-00196491-00196902 The selection of the health endpoint for the cumulative risk assessment is appropriate 2TyKODJcDv0-00337-00196902-00197456 and the CHAP used appropriate methodology such as human biomonitoring, 2TyKODJcDv0-00338-00197456-00197799 the Hazard Index and the margin of exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-00339-00198281-00198867 Selection of the health effect for cumulative risk assessment, 2TyKODJcDv0-00340-00198867-00199463 effects on male reproductive development was appropriate because it's associated 2TyKODJcDv0-00341-00199463-00199727 with many of the most common phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00342-00199727-00199914 It's often the most sensitive effect. 2TyKODJcDv0-00343-00199914-00200355 In other words, occurring, it's the effect that occurs at the lowest doses. 2TyKODJcDv0-00344-00200355-00200913 It resembles testicular dysgenesis syndrome in humans. 2TyKODJcDv0-00345-00200913-00201117 It's a well-studied endpoint. 2TyKODJcDv0-00346-00201117-00201865 There's evidence of additivity that is cumulative effects and this is not true for most 2TyKODJcDv0-00347-00201865-00202231 of the other phthalate endpoints. 2TyKODJcDv0-00348-00202231-00202940 Effects on male reproductive development have been observed in multiple mammalian species. 2TyKODJcDv0-00349-00202940-00203463 And this is the endpoint that was recommended by the-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00350-00203463-00204116 the National Research Council wrote a report on essentially how to go about do-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00351-00204116-00204433 assessing the cumulative risk of phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00352-00204433-00204942 This was done for the EPA and this was the endpoint 2TyKODJcDv0-00353-00204942-00205817 that the National Research Council recommended that they focused on and it's also the endpoint 2TyKODJcDv0-00354-00205817-00206865 that has been used by other authors who have studied the cumulative risk of phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00355-00206865-00207571 And finally, similar effects are observed in the epidemiological studies. 2TyKODJcDv0-00356-00207571-00208104 This provides supporting evidence for the human relevance of the animals study. 2TyKODJcDv0-00357-00208104-00208821 So this endpoint likely is relevant to humans. 2TyKODJcDv0-00358-00209075-00209523 Now, the CHAP selected the Hazard Index approach precisely 2TyKODJcDv0-00359-00209523-00210013 because it's widely accepted for cumulative risk assessment. 2TyKODJcDv0-00360-00210013-00210464 Their selection is consistent with the recommendation of an NRC report on phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00361-00210464-00210750 to prepare for the EPA, the same one I just mentioned. 2TyKODJcDv0-00362-00210750-00211071 The Hazard Index approach was used by other authors 2TyKODJcDv0-00363-00211071-00211492 for accumulative risk assessments of phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00364-00211492-00212094 In applying the Hazard Index method, the CHAP appropriately accounted for the fact 2TyKODJcDv0-00365-00212094-00212550 that different individuals are exposed to phthalate in different proportions. 2TyKODJcDv0-00366-00212550-00213333 Failure to consider this such as by using only average exposures would lead to overestimation 2TyKODJcDv0-00367-00213333-00214004 of the 95th percentile exposure in Hazard Index. 2TyKODJcDv0-00368-00214169-00215194 So, finally, the staff considered the CHAP's recommendations 2TyKODJcDv0-00369-00215194-00215927 and developed our recommendations to the Commission. 2TyKODJcDv0-00370-00216125-00216606 Phthalate subject to the interim prohibition, the Commission-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00371-00216606-00217241 the CPSIA requires the Commission to determine whether a permanent prohibition is needed 2TyKODJcDv0-00372-00217241-00217739 to ensure a reasonable certainty of no harm to children, pregnant women, 2TyKODJcDv0-00373-00217739-00218281 or other susceptible individuals with an adequate margin of safety. 2TyKODJcDv0-00374-00218281-00218902 Where the antiandrogenic or active phthalates, the staff's recommendation is based 2TyKODJcDv0-00375-00218902-00219728 on accumulative risk and the staff considers that a Hazard Index less than one is needed 2TyKODJcDv0-00376-00219728-00220104 to ensure a reasonable certainty of no harm. 2TyKODJcDv0-00377-00220104-00220806 Where the non-antiandrogenic phthalate, the staff recommendation is based on the risk 2TyKODJcDv0-00378-00220806-00221578 in isolation and the staff considers that a margin of exposure greater than 100 is needed 2TyKODJcDv0-00379-00221578-00222383 to assure a reasonable certainty of no harm to children, pregnant women, and so on. 2TyKODJcDv0-00380-00222828-00223577 And regarding di-n-octyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate, the CHAP recommends-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00381-00223577-00224192 recommended that the Commission lift the interim prohibition on DNOP and DIDP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00382-00224192-00224406 These are not antiandrogenic. 2TyKODJcDv0-00383-00224406-00224852 They do not contribute to the cumulative risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00384-00224852-00225596 The margins of exposure are adequate well over 100 considered in isolation 2TyKODJcDv0-00385-00225596-00226326 and the staff concludes that a prohibition of these phthalates is not necessary 2TyKODJcDv0-00386-00226326-00227051 to ensure a reasonable certainty of no harm to pregnant women, and children, and so on. 2TyKODJcDv0-00387-00227051-00227319 Therefore the staff recommendation is 2TyKODJcDv0-00388-00227319-00228283 to not continue the interim prohibition for DNOP and DIDP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00389-00228283-00228678 The CHAP also recommends a permanent prohibition of DINP use 2TyKODJcDv0-00390-00228678-00229016 in children's toys and child care articles. 2TyKODJcDv0-00391-00229133-00230048 The staff recognizes that if we were only exposed to DINP in isolation 2TyKODJcDv0-00392-00230048-00230252 that it would not present a hazard. 2TyKODJcDv0-00393-00230252-00231035 We also recognize that diet is the major source of exposure to DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00394-00231035-00231759 And that DINP is slightly less potent than the other antiandrogenic phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00395-00231759-00232400 However, DINP does cause adverse effects on male reproductive development 2TyKODJcDv0-00396-00232400-00232666 as demonstrated in multiple studies. 2TyKODJcDv0-00397-00232666-00233559 Up to 10% of pregnant women and up to 5% of infants have a Hazard Index greater 2TyKODJcDv0-00398-00233559-00234131 than 1 allowing the use of DINP in toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00399-00234131-00234696 and child care articles would increase the cumulative risk from phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00400-00234696-00235698 Thus, the prohibition is necessary to ensure a reasonable certainty of no harm 2TyKODJcDv0-00401-00235698-00236109 to pregnant women, infants, actually the fetuses, 2TyKODJcDv0-00402-00236109-00236444 and so on with an adequate margin of safety. 2TyKODJcDv0-00403-00236444-00236898 The staff's recommendation is a permanent prohibition of children's toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00404-00236898-00237491 in child care articles containing more than 0.1% DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00405-00237914-00238960 The CPSIA also requires for phthalates not subject to prohibition. 2TyKODJcDv0-00406-00238960-00239596 The CPSIA requires the Commission to determine whether additional prohibitions are necessary 2TyKODJcDv0-00407-00239596-00239930 to protect the health of children. 2TyKODJcDv0-00408-00239930-00240460 The CHAP recommends permanent prohibition on the use in child care-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00409-00240460-00240941 children's toys and child care articles for additional phthalates associated with the effect 2TyKODJcDv0-00410-00240941-00241155 on male reproductive development. 2TyKODJcDv0-00411-00241155-00241573 These are diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-pentyl phthalate, 2TyKODJcDv0-00412-00241573-00241962 di-n-hexyl phthalate, and dicyclohexyl phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00413-00241962-00242450 The staff recommendation is based on the cumulative risk and the staff considers 2TyKODJcDv0-00414-00242450-00243225 that Hazard Index of less than 1 is needed to protect the health of children. 2TyKODJcDv0-00415-00243225-00244092 Regarding the permanent prohibition of these four phthalates, the staff recognizes 2TyKODJcDv0-00416-00244092-00244423 that current exposures to these four are low. 2TyKODJcDv0-00417-00244423-00244775 If we were only exposed to these in isolation, 2TyKODJcDv0-00418-00244775-00245362 none of these four would pose a hazard in and of themselves. 2TyKODJcDv0-00419-00245362-00246025 However, these phthalates are associated with effects on male reproductive development 2TyKODJcDv0-00420-00246025-00246373 and they do contribute to the cumulative risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00421-00246373-00246942 Up to 10% of pregnant women and up to 5% of infants have a Hazard Index greater 2TyKODJcDv0-00422-00246942-00247467 than 1 allowing the use of these phthalates in children's toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00423-00247467-00248007 and child care articles would increase the accumulative risk from phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00424-00248316-00248728 Therefore, the staff concludes that prohibition of children's toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00425-00248728-00249480 in child care articles containing more than 1% of either of these phthalates is necessary 2TyKODJcDv0-00426-00249480-00249735 to protect the health of children. 2TyKODJcDv0-00427-00249735-00250855 We also note that di-n-pentyl phthalate is the most potent of the antiandrogenic phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00428-00250855-00251454 Diisobutyl phthalate is similar in potency to dibutyl phthalate 2TyKODJcDv0-00429-00251454-00251698 which is one of t he permanently banned ones. 2TyKODJcDv0-00430-00251698-00252171 And we are seeing it in some toys. 2TyKODJcDv0-00431-00252171-00252507 Therefore, the staff recommends a permanent prohibition of children's toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00432-00252507-00253235 and child care articles containing more than 1% of these four phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00433-00253633-00254371 The CHAP also recommended an interim prohibition of diisooctyl phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00434-00254371-00255292 The CPSIA did not provide for interim prohibitions. 2TyKODJcDv0-00435-00255292-00255769 The chemical structure of DIOP suggest tat it may cause affects 2TyKODJcDv0-00436-00255769-00256515 on male reproductive development, thus, it might contribute to the cumulative risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00437-00256515-00257487 However, there are inadequate data demonstrating that such a hazard actually exist and DINP-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00438-00257487-00258046 DIOP is not currently used in children's toys or child care articles. 2TyKODJcDv0-00439-00258046-00258801 At least we haven't seen it in our testing so our recommendation is to reevaluate the risk 2TyKODJcDv0-00440-00258801-00259151 from DIOP when additional data become available. 2TyKODJcDv0-00441-00259151-00260290 [ Pause ] 2TyKODJcDv0-00442-00260290-00261048 The CPSIA set a limit of 0.1% for the regulated phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00443-00261048-00261373 Now this is not a risk-base limit. 2TyKODJcDv0-00444-00261373-00261891 It's-- The purpose of this limit is to prevent intentional phthalate use 2TyKODJcDv0-00445-00261891-00262289 but allows incidental contamination. 2TyKODJcDv0-00446-00262289-00262714 The Commission could set a different limit if warranted. 2TyKODJcDv0-00447-00262714-00263616 The staff recommendation is that there is no risk based justification for changing the limit 2TyKODJcDv0-00448-00263616-00264363 and there's no-- not enough information from the CHAP report to set such a limit. 2TyKODJcDv0-00449-00264363-00265123 Therefore, we recommend maintaining the 0.1 for-- 1% limit for all prohibited phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00450-00265448-00265871 The CPSIA also requires the Commission to determine whether 2TyKODJcDv0-00451-00265871-00266375 to extend the phthalate prohibitions to all children's products if this is necessary 2TyKODJcDv0-00452-00266375-00266631 to protect the health of children. 2TyKODJcDv0-00453-00266631-00267128 At this time, there are sufficient information to assess the effects 2TyKODJcDv0-00454-00267128-00267508 of expanding the scope to all children's products. 2TyKODJcDv0-00455-00267508-00267943 However, limited information suggests that increased exposure 2TyKODJcDv0-00456-00267943-00268386 from expanding the scope would be negligible. 2TyKODJcDv0-00457-00268386-00269039 Expanding the scope would include many products for example ordinary wearing apparel 2TyKODJcDv0-00458-00269039-00269467 that are much less likely to contain phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00459-00269467-00269881 The product use patterns of other children's products outside of toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00460-00269881-00270353 and child care articles suggest a lower potential for exposures compared 2TyKODJcDv0-00461-00270353-00270654 to children's toys and child care articles. 2TyKODJcDv0-00462-00270654-00271368 The staff concludes that there is no scientific justification for expanding the scope. 2TyKODJcDv0-00463-00271700-00272417 The recommendations that the staff has presented would not change the number of small entities 2TyKODJcDv0-00464-00272417-00272976 to which the phthalate restrictions apply it's the same products. 2TyKODJcDv0-00465-00272976-00273871 The consequences of four additional prohibited phthalates could mean that a small number 2TyKODJcDv0-00466-00273871-00274563 of products containing diisobutyl phthalate would require reformulation. 2TyKODJcDv0-00467-00274563-00275181 In other words, DIBP is not used in-- it's not commonly found. 2TyKODJcDv0-00468-00275181-00275990 The expected effect on testing for the-- testing cause for the additional phthalates is small 2TyKODJcDv0-00469-00275990-00276329 or negligible because it's essentially the same test. 2TyKODJcDv0-00470-00276329-00276658 The test doesn't change much. 2TyKODJcDv0-00471-00276658-00277235 The same test-- The same process is used to test all the phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00472-00277235-00278027 A permanent prohibition of-- the effects of a permanent prohibition of DINP could mean 2TyKODJcDv0-00473-00278027-00279092 that a small number of non-mouthable toys that would require reformulation. 2TyKODJcDv0-00474-00279092-00279890 And also, because currently the DINP prohibition only applies to child care articles and toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00475-00279890-00280550 that can be placed in a child's mouth and as oppose to all children's toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00476-00280550-00280907 and that you rarely-- it's rarely an issue. 2TyKODJcDv0-00477-00280907-00281290 I mean they usually either have the phthalate or they don't. 2TyKODJcDv0-00478-00281290-00281819 And again, there's no effect on testing costs because the testings already required. 2TyKODJcDv0-00479-00281819-00282368 If the Commission issues a final rule, a small number of toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00480-00282368-00282981 and child care articles may require reformulation to remove diisobutyl phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00481-00282981-00283238 A small number of toys too large to be placed 2TyKODJcDv0-00482-00283238-00283755 in a child's mouth may require reformulation to remove DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00483-00283755-00284012 Testing labs would need to repair to test 2TyKODJcDv0-00484-00284012-00284564 for additional phthalates although the test procedure remains essentially the same, 2TyKODJcDv0-00485-00284564-00284778 therefore the staff recommends an effective date 2TyKODJcDv0-00486-00284778-00285384 of 180 days following publication of a final rule. 2TyKODJcDv0-00487-00285384-00286199 The conclusions, the staff recommends publishing the draft notice of proposed rule making 2TyKODJcDv0-00488-00286199-00286464 which includes a permanent prohibition of children's toys 2TyKODJcDv0-00489-00286464-00287153 and child care articles containing more than 1% of DINP in four additional phthalates, 2TyKODJcDv0-00490-00287153-00287781 the staff expects that the NPR-- the rule if it goes 2TyKODJcDv0-00491-00287781-00288269 into effect would not have a significant economic impact 2TyKODJcDv0-00492-00288269-00288588 on a substantial number of small entities. 2TyKODJcDv0-00493-00288588-00289206 The staff recommends an effective date of 180 days following publication of a final rule 2TyKODJcDv0-00494-00289206-00289977 and the staff does not recommend expanding the scope to include all children's products. 2TyKODJcDv0-00495-00289977-00291224 Well thank you for bearing through that explanation considering the report is very long 2TyKODJcDv0-00496-00291224-00291684 and very detailed and very nuanced. 2TyKODJcDv0-00497-00291684-00292146 And this is the distilled down version. 2TyKODJcDv0-00498-00292146-00292601 The CHAP members were worried that it would be too long. 2TyKODJcDv0-00499-00292815-00293072 >> Elliot Kaye: Thank you Dr. Babich and I would note that that copy that you held 2TyKODJcDv0-00500-00293072-00293467 up is double sided I believe to reinforce and three and four sub point. 2TyKODJcDv0-00501-00293467-00293550 Thank you Dr. Babich. 2TyKODJcDv0-00502-00293550-00293705 Thank you Mr. DiMatteo. 2TyKODJcDv0-00503-00293705-00293992 We're now going to move to the portion of this briefing 2TyKODJcDv0-00504-00293992-00294224 where the commissioners get to ask questions. 2TyKODJcDv0-00505-00294224-00294764 We're going to go as we always do, 10 minutes per commissioner and we'll go as many rounds 2TyKODJcDv0-00506-00294764-00295016 as we need for legitimate questions. 2TyKODJcDv0-00507-00295016-00295374 Before the questions begin though, I do want to make a process point. 2TyKODJcDv0-00508-00295374-00295996 There are a number of unique statutory provisions associated with this rule making. 2TyKODJcDv0-00509-00295996-00296497 Some of the questions and the answers in particular might touch upon legal aspects 2TyKODJcDv0-00510-00296497-00296906 of legal interpretations associated with those provisions. 2TyKODJcDv0-00511-00296906-00297454 And so I'd ask the panel to give our general council a chance if she needs to jump 2TyKODJcDv0-00512-00297454-00297941 in to make sure that we're not getting into areas of legal interpretation 2TyKODJcDv0-00513-00297941-00298280 that should not be discussed in public. 2TyKODJcDv0-00514-00298280-00298812 So unto questions, since the issuance of the report, 2TyKODJcDv0-00515-00298812-00299172 we've had a number of requests for meetings. 2TyKODJcDv0-00516-00299172-00299530 My office held a number of meetings along with the office 2TyKODJcDv0-00517-00299530-00299834 of the Executive Director and her staff. 2TyKODJcDv0-00518-00299834-00300250 I know that we had a meeting at least with the American Chemistry Council. 2TyKODJcDv0-00519-00300250-00301022 We had a meeting with the folks from Exon Mobil, Breast Cancer Fund, BASF, a number-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00520-00301022-00301517 those groups have made a number of submissions including from the American Chemistry Council 2TyKODJcDv0-00521-00301517-00301834 and independent expert peer review of the final CHAP report 2TyKODJcDv0-00522-00301834-00302024 on phthalates and phthalates alternatives. 2TyKODJcDv0-00523-00302024-00302277 My office and I have reviewed that. 2TyKODJcDv0-00524-00302277-00302747 We've reviewed all the submissions that have been submitted by all the different groups. 2TyKODJcDv0-00525-00302747-00303101 And one of the themes-- And by the way, those meetings were open to the public 2TyKODJcDv0-00526-00303101-00303416 and CPSE staff including Dr. Babich 2TyKODJcDv0-00527-00303416-00303925 and Mr. DiMatteo were present via digital video conferencing for those meetings. 2TyKODJcDv0-00528-00303925-00304424 One of the central themes, Dr. Babich, is the NHANES data. 2TyKODJcDv0-00529-00304424-00304912 And in particular the fact that the CHAP relied on the '05, '06 set of NHANES data 2TyKODJcDv0-00530-00304912-00305148 and I understand that they had to make a cutoff 2TyKODJcDv0-00531-00305148-00305498 and that was the most recent information available to the CHAP at the time. 2TyKODJcDv0-00532-00305498-00306239 But one staff obtained the CHAP report and staff was aware of at least three more gets of data 2TyKODJcDv0-00533-00306239-00306559 that were more recent from the version that CHAP considered, 2TyKODJcDv0-00534-00306559-00306974 why did staff not consider the more recent NHANES data as part 2TyKODJcDv0-00535-00306974-00307433 of t he briefing package for this draft NPR. 2TyKODJcDv0-00536-00307870-00308177 >> Michael Babich: The NHANES data-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00537-00308177-00308830 NHANES has been collecting data on phthalate exposure since about 2000. 2TyKODJcDv0-00538-00308830-00309696 And those exposure levels have stayed fairly constant through most of that time. 2TyKODJcDv0-00539-00309696-00310515 It was only in the latest release of NHANES data which happened 2TyKODJcDv0-00540-00310515-00311501 as the CHAP was literally dotting the i's and crossing the t's of their report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00541-00311501-00312480 And what those-- the latest data showed was finally some small changes or some changes 2TyKODJcDv0-00542-00312480-00313236 in the exposure patterns where some antiandrogenic phthalates went down 2TyKODJcDv0-00543-00313236-00313743 and other antiandrogenic phthalates went up. 2TyKODJcDv0-00544-00313743-00314673 And its-- But the-- given the magnitude and the up and down nature of these changes, 2TyKODJcDv0-00545-00314673-00315485 it was not immediately obvious as to whether or how these would effect the overall risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00546-00315485-00316579 And of course, we were aware of this and we discussed whether it would be appropriate 2TyKODJcDv0-00547-00316579-00317454 for the staff to do some analysis on these number and the answer is 2TyKODJcDv0-00548-00317454-00318256 that the CPSIA required us to convene a CHAP to assess the risks, the potential risk 2TyKODJcDv0-00549-00318256-00319067 from phthalates and that the rule-making process would be based on the CHAP report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00550-00319067-00319622 So, it was just decided that any additional work 2TyKODJcDv0-00551-00319622-00320248 by the staff would be deferred until the public comment period. 2TyKODJcDv0-00552-00320386-00320421 >> Elliot Kaye: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00553-00320421-00320840 So should the Commission end up approving the issuance of this NPR. 2TyKODJcDv0-00554-00320840-00321530 I do plan to direct staff to make sure that as part of any final briefing package 2TyKODJcDv0-00555-00321530-00322202 that staff does include its views of the new NHANES data in that package. 2TyKODJcDv0-00556-00322202-00322464 Commissioner Adler? 2TyKODJcDv0-00557-00322464-00322794 >> Robert Adler: Thank you Mr. Chairman and thank you for asking one of my questions 2TyKODJcDv0-00558-00322794-00323226 in a much more thoughtful and articulate way than I would be able to ask it. 2TyKODJcDv0-00559-00323226-00323781 And I do really want to thank the staff for the quality of the presentation and the quality 2TyKODJcDv0-00560-00323781-00324155 of the briefing package and the quality of the legal memoranda. 2TyKODJcDv0-00561-00324155-00324554 And all the years I've been following the Commission, this is probably the most complex 2TyKODJcDv0-00562-00324554-00325186 and nuance report instead of issues, health issues for us to assess. 2TyKODJcDv0-00563-00325186-00325638 And I'm just grateful for the terrific work by staff. 2TyKODJcDv0-00564-00325638-00326050 And I also want to thank all of the stakeholders, the industry stakeholders, 2TyKODJcDv0-00565-00326050-00326338 the heath group stakeholders, the advocacy groups. 2TyKODJcDv0-00566-00326338-00326759 They-- I know they took a lot of time to come and present to use they were tying to explain 2TyKODJcDv0-00567-00326759-00327133 to non-scientists very, very detailed scientific studies. 2TyKODJcDv0-00568-00327133-00327488 So I really do want to express my appreciation. 2TyKODJcDv0-00569-00327488-00327797 So I thought I'd start off by asking a very a easy question. 2TyKODJcDv0-00570-00327797-00328391 But it's one I'd still I'm not clear about and that is the CHAP report says that phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00571-00328391-00329018 like DINP present their maximum exposure to infants and toddlers through food, not toys. 2TyKODJcDv0-00572-00329018-00329292 So, how did phthalates get into food? 2TyKODJcDv0-00573-00329292-00329694 >> Michael Babich: That's a very good question. 2TyKODJcDv0-00574-00329694-00330380 And, you know, the obvious answer is that there are phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00575-00330380-00331301 They are allowed for use in food contact applications including packaging 2TyKODJcDv0-00576-00331301-00332036 and food processing equipment, too being in that sort of thing, conveyer belts even. 2TyKODJcDv0-00577-00332036-00332587 But that's not necessarily where they come from or where they all come from. 2TyKODJcDv0-00578-00332587-00333720 It's not clear how much of the phthalates in food come from that direct contact. 2TyKODJcDv0-00579-00333720-00333894 Phthalates are ubiquitous. 2TyKODJcDv0-00580-00333894-00334043 They're in-- in the air. 2TyKODJcDv0-00581-00334043-00334251 They're in sea water. 2TyKODJcDv0-00582-00334251-00334530 They're probably in that Marianas Trench. 2TyKODJcDv0-00583-00334530-00334654 You know, they're everywhere. 2TyKODJcDv0-00584-00334654-00335491 So it's not clear at least not to me whether there's a simple answer to that question. 2TyKODJcDv0-00585-00335649-00335899 >> Robert Adler: Well, I'm glad I asked such a good question and thank you 2TyKODJcDv0-00586-00335899-00336204 for very nuance answer and I appreciate that. 2TyKODJcDv0-00587-00336204-00336596 One of the phthalate alternatives examine was tris. 2TyKODJcDv0-00588-00336596-00336926 Now I was at the Commission back in the '70s when tris 2TyKODJcDv0-00589-00336926-00337340 in children's sleepwear became an issue and the minute I saw those-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00590-00337340-00337611 that word, my heart started raising. 2TyKODJcDv0-00591-00337611-00338271 So I guess my question is how closely related to the tris that was the phthalate alternative 2TyKODJcDv0-00592-00338271-00338935 that was examined is the tris that the commission banned in children's sleepwear? 2TyKODJcDv0-00593-00338935-00339292 >> Michael Babich: Fortunately, it's not at all. 2TyKODJcDv0-00594-00339292-00339715 And, you know, tris means well thriving three 2TyKODJcDv0-00595-00339715-00340244 and if you go higher level of organization, it's tris. 2TyKODJcDv0-00596-00340244-00340621 So, that's all it means. 2TyKODJcDv0-00597-00340621-00341559 And luckily for us that's not anything like the tris that we're-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00598-00341559-00341918 we know from times past all too well. 2TyKODJcDv0-00599-00341918-00342199 >> Robert Adler: All right, thank you that's very reassuring. 2TyKODJcDv0-00600-00342199-00343043 I did also want to talk about the point you were making about the 0.1% limit 2TyKODJcDv0-00601-00343043-00343551 and it makes me a little bit nervous and I'm reading on page 58 of the draft NPR 2TyKODJcDv0-00602-00343551-00343763 but it's the point you were making. 2TyKODJcDv0-00603-00343763-00344569 That the 0.1% limit is not risk-based, rather the limit is based on practical considerations, 2TyKODJcDv0-00604-00344569-00345079 the desired prohibit intentional phthalate use while allowing trace levels. 2TyKODJcDv0-00605-00345079-00345394 And I think this might overstate the point. 2TyKODJcDv0-00606-00345394-00345966 And the reason I say that is some trace levels of something are extraordinarily hazardous. 2TyKODJcDv0-00607-00345966-00346672 So I am guessing that we made some kind of a reasoned scientific health-based judgment 2TyKODJcDv0-00608-00346672-00347701 that 0.1% permitting trace levels is not going to be risky because if you think of ricin, 2TyKODJcDv0-00609-00347701-00348300 cobra venom, lots of other evil stuff, I guess the botulinum, 2TyKODJcDv0-00610-00348300-00348670 all of those in trace levels can be extremely hazardous. 2TyKODJcDv0-00611-00348670-00349073 So is there not at least some implicit risk-based assessment 2TyKODJcDv0-00612-00349073-00349399 that we did however informal? 2TyKODJcDv0-00613-00349399-00350191 >> Michael Babich: Well, you know, in this case, the "we" is the Congress who passed the CPSIA. 2TyKODJcDv0-00614-00350191-00350801 I don't know why they chose the 0.1%. 2TyKODJcDv0-00615-00350801-00351573 But that is the same level as in the European directive which preceded the CPSIA. 2TyKODJcDv0-00616-00351573-00352548 And the European Commission chose that level for the reasons I expressed. 2TyKODJcDv0-00617-00352548-00353436 It's actually their reasonings-- their reasoning, although I'm not aware of any, 2TyKODJcDv0-00618-00353436-00353799 you know, written record of that. 2TyKODJcDv0-00619-00353799-00354553 I do know that at one time the European Commission contemplated a risk-based level based 2TyKODJcDv0-00620-00354553-00355161 on migration rates and they have decided that it wasn't practical that-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00621-00355161-00355819 so they abandoned that and then that's how when they came up with the 0.1%. 2TyKODJcDv0-00622-00355819-00356547 Now, there are things that at such low levels might post a hazard. 2TyKODJcDv0-00623-00356547-00356936 I could think plenty of chemicals and biologicals. 2TyKODJcDv0-00624-00356936-00357460 But the phthalates are-- you know, it's a matter of potency. 2TyKODJcDv0-00625-00357460-00357747 They're not that potent. 2TyKODJcDv0-00626-00357747-00358782 And really I think regulating the intentional use of phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00627-00358782-00359228 in these particular products is sufficient. 2TyKODJcDv0-00628-00359228-00359248 >> Robert Adler: Yeah. 2TyKODJcDv0-00629-00359248-00359535 And you've just made my point when you say they're not that potent. 2TyKODJcDv0-00630-00359535-00360304 That's based on careful study and extrapolating from known effects from phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00631-00360304-00360645 And so the only reason I say that is I can contemplate some judge-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00632-00360645-00361016 and in appellate court someday saying, what do you mean it's not risk-based? 2TyKODJcDv0-00633-00361016-00361401 That's the whole point of what your mandate is. 2TyKODJcDv0-00634-00361401-00361784 And we do have the discretion to change that 0.1% figure. 2TyKODJcDv0-00635-00361784-00362440 All I'm saying is that it seems to be it's a much more rational and risk-based number even 2TyKODJcDv0-00636-00362440-00362843 if it's not a perfect number then people might have said. 2TyKODJcDv0-00637-00362843-00363368 OK. Now is where I get to display my ignorance and ask my morning dumb question 2TyKODJcDv0-00638-00363368-00363657 and this has to do with dose additivity. 2TyKODJcDv0-00639-00363657-00364281 I'm looking at page six of the backup staff report and I just would ask you 2TyKODJcDv0-00640-00364281-00364812 to please explain this because it says if you have two chemicals where chemical A affects 10% 2TyKODJcDv0-00641-00364812-00365269 of animals tested and chemical B affects 15%. 2TyKODJcDv0-00642-00365269-00365923 It says, if affects are dose additive then 25% of the animals would be affected. 2TyKODJcDv0-00643-00365923-00366408 And does that not assume that there's no overlap in affect on the animals 2TyKODJcDv0-00644-00366408-00366698 because otherwise you can get two chemicals. 2TyKODJcDv0-00645-00366698-00367267 But, one-- they're in effect causing the same type of harm and so one might affect 10% 2TyKODJcDv0-00646-00367267-00367492 of the animals, one might affect 15%. 2TyKODJcDv0-00647-00367492-00367904 But the grand total would be 15& of the animals if the others are not affected. 2TyKODJcDv0-00648-00367904-00368304 I'm obviously misunderstanding something. 2TyKODJcDv0-00649-00368304-00369286 >> Michael Babich: Well, the-- I mean, the point of that is if you take low doses of any number 2TyKODJcDv0-00650-00369286-00370033 of phthalates, you get a certain effect, a low effect. 2TyKODJcDv0-00651-00370033-00370947 If you combine those low doses, it have the same effect as a large dose of one phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00652-00370947-00371771 And, you know, the potencies, you know, they differ by, you know, two, three, four, fivefold. 2TyKODJcDv0-00653-00371771-00372239 If you assume for a minute that they're all equally potent, 2TyKODJcDv0-00654-00372239-00372813 all that would matter is the total number of milligrams of phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00655-00372813-00373065 It wouldn't matter-- of active phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00656-00373065-00373435 It wouldn't matter what the combination was. 2TyKODJcDv0-00657-00373435-00374142 In other words, you have to look at the total exposure to all 2TyKODJcDv0-00658-00374142-00374816 of the active phthalates not just the individual ones to really assess the risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-00659-00374816-00375141 >> Robert Adler: I guess and I'm sorry to still not understand. 2TyKODJcDv0-00660-00375141-00375991 But the potency might just affect that 15% even more than just one of them in isolation. 2TyKODJcDv0-00661-00375991-00376546 But what I don't understand is why is it affecting 25% when it's more potent? 2TyKODJcDv0-00662-00376546-00377329 It might just be affecting those poor rats that are susceptible, not much more heavily. 2TyKODJcDv0-00663-00377443-00378228 >> Michael Babich: Well, the best-- and just the best way to answer that is, you know, 2TyKODJcDv0-00664-00378228-00379267 after adjusting, tweaking it a little bit for potency, a little back there for potency, 2TyKODJcDv0-00665-00379267-00380037 you know, if you expose an animal to so many milligrams of DINP, 2TyKODJcDv0-00666-00380037-00380382 you get an effect, certain effect. 2TyKODJcDv0-00667-00380382-00380941 If you expose animals to so many milligrams of DEHP you get a certain effect. 2TyKODJcDv0-00668-00380941-00381555 If you expose them to both of those at the same time, 2TyKODJcDv0-00669-00381555-00382144 the effect is-- the sum of the individual parts. 2TyKODJcDv0-00670-00382144-00383066 And with-- you know, when you're exposed to multiple chemicals at the same time-- nope. 2TyKODJcDv0-00671-00383066-00383778 The possibilities of what can happen is, well, that they don't interact at any way, 2TyKODJcDv0-00672-00383778-00384155 they completely independent, maybe they act together. 2TyKODJcDv0-00673-00384155-00384493 There could be synergism, they could counteract each other. 2TyKODJcDv0-00674-00384493-00384764 You know, we hear about drug interactions. 2TyKODJcDv0-00675-00384764-00385485 Most of the time they don't make a difference but sometimes it can be deadly. 2TyKODJcDv0-00676-00385485-00386236 And the point here is that with the phthalates we have, experimental data, you know, imagine-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00677-00386236-00386801 you know, you can't test all the combinations of all chemicals. 2TyKODJcDv0-00678-00386801-00387377 But for phthalates, we have the luxury of having those experimental data 2TyKODJcDv0-00679-00387377-00387735 that show what happens when you combine them. 2TyKODJcDv0-00680-00387735-00387971 >> Robert Adler: I think I understand. 2TyKODJcDv0-00681-00387971-00388466 I did want to ask about-- Oh I'm sorry I apologize. 2TyKODJcDv0-00682-00388466-00388564 >> Elliot Kaye: Commissioner Robinson. 2TyKODJcDv0-00683-00388564-00388754 >> Marietta Robinson: Thank you Mr. Chair. 2TyKODJcDv0-00684-00388754-00389248 I would just first like to note that it's very clear to me in looking at the CHAP report 2TyKODJcDv0-00685-00389248-00389760 and looking at the incredible efforts on behalf of the staff, and looking at the seriousness 2TyKODJcDv0-00686-00389760-00390100 with which all five of us up here have treated this subject 2TyKODJcDv0-00687-00390100-00390694 that we all appreciate how critically important this rule-making on phthalate is. 2TyKODJcDv0-00688-00390694-00391520 Well, acute injuries maybe addressed by a number of entities in our society, 2TyKODJcDv0-00689-00391520-00391815 chronic kind of injuries like these are ones 2TyKODJcDv0-00690-00391815-00392280 that are particularly important to government regulators. 2TyKODJcDv0-00691-00392280-00392557 Phthalates are an emerging health risk issue. 2TyKODJcDv0-00692-00392557-00392857 We know that as Dr. Babich said they are ubiquitous. 2TyKODJcDv0-00693-00392857-00393038 We're all exposed to them. 2TyKODJcDv0-00694-00393038-00393380 And because the scientific data has shown in animal studies 2TyKODJcDv0-00695-00393380-00393731 that there are potential long-term health effects from this exposure, 2TyKODJcDv0-00696-00393731-00393930 it's critical that we address this. 2TyKODJcDv0-00697-00393930-00394742 Congress obviously recognized this in 2008 when they gave us our orders on how we were supposed 2TyKODJcDv0-00698-00394742-00395061 to proceed in terms of this regulation. 2TyKODJcDv0-00699-00395061-00395377 They told us to convene a chronic hazard advisory panel. 2TyKODJcDv0-00700-00395377-00395964 They told the CHAP what to do and they told us what we are to do once we receive the report 2TyKODJcDv0-00701-00395964-00396547 and we have very much as we all up here agree follow the dictates of Congress. 2TyKODJcDv0-00702-00396547-00396931 We strictly followed our statutory instructions on convening the CHAP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00703-00396931-00397405 The CHAP followed the mandates on what they were to do and now we're starting the process 2TyKODJcDv0-00704-00397405-00397812 that Congress told us to do once that report arrived. 2TyKODJcDv0-00705-00397812-00398096 It's interesting that I was thoroughly briefed 2TyKODJcDv0-00706-00398096-00398577 on the CHAP process before my senate confirmation hearing over two years ago in May 2TyKODJcDv0-00707-00398577-00399055 of 2012 because the CHAP report was as I was told, imminent. 2TyKODJcDv0-00708-00399055-00399580 After I was sworn in more than a year later, I've inquired about the report 2TyKODJcDv0-00709-00399580-00399809 and I was told that it was more imminent. 2TyKODJcDv0-00710-00399809-00400245 I'm absolutely delighted that were finally at a juncture where we have the report 2TyKODJcDv0-00711-00400245-00400684 and may do something with respect to this critically important rule-making. 2TyKODJcDv0-00712-00400684-00401253 This report is obviously been very carefully researched and drafted and was years 2TyKODJcDv0-00713-00401253-00401592 in the making and I would just like to sincerely thank the group 2TyKODJcDv0-00714-00401592-00401907 of dedicated scientist who work so diligently. 2TyKODJcDv0-00715-00401907-00402167 They reviewed a huge volume of data and studies. 2TyKODJcDv0-00716-00402167-00402736 They closely evaluated the materials based on their reliability, relevance and adequacy 2TyKODJcDv0-00717-00402736-00403196 and they concentrated on the most studied impact which is Dr. Babich has explained 2TyKODJcDv0-00718-00403196-00403642 to us is certain phthalates, antiandrogenic effects. 2TyKODJcDv0-00719-00403642-00404036 I very much appreciate also the CHAP's candor about the gaps in the data 2TyKODJcDv0-00720-00404036-00404312 and the uncertainties underlying the data. 2TyKODJcDv0-00721-00404312-00404777 The CHAP outlined its assumption, its methodology for accounting for the data gaps 2TyKODJcDv0-00722-00404777-00405074 and uncertainties by doing so CHAP-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00723-00405074-00405784 the CHAP has enable all parties including our very diligent CPSC staff to conduct an objective 2TyKODJcDv0-00724-00405784-00406195 and informed the review of its methodology and conclusions. 2TyKODJcDv0-00725-00406195-00406754 It's important to know that limited-- note that limited data however is not no data. 2TyKODJcDv0-00726-00406754-00407158 The science has shown us as Dr. Babich just so carefully explained to us 2TyKODJcDv0-00727-00407158-00407665 that some phthalates known as active phthalates can cause developmental problems 2TyKODJcDv0-00728-00407665-00408054 and male reproductive organs in multiple species. 2TyKODJcDv0-00729-00408054-00408482 The effects of the active phthalates are cumulative and that a portion 2TyKODJcDv0-00730-00408482-00409040 of our most vulnerable population, fetuses, babies and toddlers are exposed 2TyKODJcDv0-00731-00409040-00409280 to a dangerous level of phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-00732-00409280-00409560 The biggest limitation we have at this agency is 2TyKODJcDv0-00733-00409560-00410034 that we may only address those products within our jurisdiction. 2TyKODJcDv0-00734-00410034-00410489 So, I most sincerely hope that our sister agencies that have jurisdiction 2TyKODJcDv0-00735-00410489-00410945 over other products such as food and cosmetics that contribute much more 2TyKODJcDv0-00736-00410945-00411313 to our phthalate exposure will look at this CHAP report 2TyKODJcDv0-00737-00411313-00411639 and do what they should do in their regulations. 2TyKODJcDv0-00738-00411639-00412193 I really want to commend staff for the thorough review and analysis of the report as well 2TyKODJcDv0-00739-00412193-00412557 as the hard work that went into assisting the CHAP throughout this long 2TyKODJcDv0-00740-00412557-00412760 and comprehensive process. 2TyKODJcDv0-00741-00412760-00413197 Our staff has look closely at each of the CHAP's recommendation to make sure they were supported 2TyKODJcDv0-00742-00413197-00413630 by the underlying science as well as contemplated by the CPSIA 2TyKODJcDv0-00743-00413630-00414147 and the staff's critical review of the CHAP report is evidence by the fact 2TyKODJcDv0-00744-00414147-00414610 that the proposed rule as Dr. Babich has explained to us does not include all 2TyKODJcDv0-00745-00414610-00415107 of the CHAP's recommendations, but only those that the staff believes are warranted 2TyKODJcDv0-00746-00415107-00415603 by the existing science and with the-- are within our statutory mandate. 2TyKODJcDv0-00747-00415603-00416255 I'm-- I was delighted to hear your answer, Dr. Babich to Chairman Kaye's comment 2TyKODJcDv0-00748-00416255-00416752 and Chairman Kaye's comment with respect to the fact that during our comment period, 2TyKODJcDv0-00749-00416752-00417302 we will certainly take into consideration any additional data that became available 2TyKODJcDv0-00750-00417302-00417804 after the CHAP's cutoff or the data that they were able to include in their report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00751-00417804-00418158 And I just want to ask one question, 2TyKODJcDv0-00752-00418158-00418535 Dr. Babich this should be obvious, but I just want to be certain. 2TyKODJcDv0-00753-00418535-00419468 As I've read Section 108(b) to (c), Congress mandated to really somewhat different standards 2TyKODJcDv0-00754-00419468-00419967 for what were suppose-- you and the CHAP were suppose to do with respect 2TyKODJcDv0-00755-00419967-00420443 to interim ban phthalate and the additional phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00756-00420443-00420824 that were not included in the statutory interim ban. 2TyKODJcDv0-00757-00420824-00421385 And as I read this, they say that for the interim banned phthalates we-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00758-00421385-00421896 well, the CHAP, you and we are to determine based on the CHAP report whether 2TyKODJcDv0-00759-00421896-00422617 to continue the interim ban in order to, quote, ensure a reasonable certainty of no harm 2TyKODJcDv0-00760-00422617-00423030 to children, pregnant women or others susceptible individuals. 2TyKODJcDv0-00761-00423030-00423663 And for the additional bans outside of the interim ban from Congress that we are to, quote, 2TyKODJcDv0-00762-00423663-00424257 evaluate the findings and recommendations of the CHAP and ban products containing phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-00763-00424257-00424670 as hazardous products, quote, "If the Commission determines, 2TyKODJcDv0-00764-00424670-00424993 it is necessary to protect the health of children." 2TyKODJcDv0-00765-00424993-00425445 And I just wanted to be sure that when you look at the CHAP report 2TyKODJcDv0-00766-00425445-00425713 and prepared your recommendations to us 2TyKODJcDv0-00767-00425713-00426725 that you were following those two standards as stated in the statute. 2TyKODJcDv0-00768-00426725-00426939 >> Michael Babich: Yes, we did consider the-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00769-00426939-00427347 those two standards as they were stated in the statute 2TyKODJcDv0-00770-00427347-00427908 and the different populations that they refer to. 2TyKODJcDv0-00771-00427908-00428638 Now, for example, preg-- what is it, pregnant women, infants and children and so on, 2TyKODJcDv0-00772-00428638-00429759 I mean in the case of the pregnant women it's really the fetus that we're concerned about. 2TyKODJcDv0-00773-00429759-00430333 But that is certainly part of our recommendation in our process 2TyKODJcDv0-00774-00430333-00430600 for arriving at those recommendations. 2TyKODJcDv0-00775-00430600-00430785 >> Marietta Robinson: Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-00776-00430785-00431259 You've explained to us very well both in the review that you and your-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00777-00431259-00431656 and the rest of the staff prepared with respect to your recommendations 2TyKODJcDv0-00778-00431656-00432077 about the phthalate syndrome and we certainly know as you've explained to us 2TyKODJcDv0-00779-00432077-00432583 that not all phthalates cause antiandrogenic effects 2TyKODJcDv0-00780-00432583-00433103 and that only phthalates meeting certain molecular structural criteria are associated 2TyKODJcDv0-00781-00433103-00433480 with these and this is what we call active phthalates, right. 2TyKODJcDv0-00782-00433480-00434050 And as I looked at these extensive materials, you held up one set of the thick materials 2TyKODJcDv0-00783-00434050-00434417 that we've all-- my staff and I have reviewed thoroughly. 2TyKODJcDv0-00784-00434417-00435291 What I was able to deduce is that we can really separate, just in broad categories all 2TyKODJcDv0-00785-00435291-00435993 of the phthalates that we're considering into a category of either active or nonactive. 2TyKODJcDv0-00786-00435993-00436229 Is that fair to say? 2TyKODJcDv0-00787-00436229-00436799 >> Michael Babich: Pretty much there's, you know, always some ambiguity 2TyKODJcDv0-00788-00436799-00437064 as to where the cutoff is, but yes. 2TyKODJcDv0-00789-00437064-00437132 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00790-00437132-00437633 And am I correct that-- because I took-- made a little chart for myself on the active 2TyKODJcDv0-00791-00437633-00438152 and the not active and as I saw the recommendation of the CHAP 2TyKODJcDv0-00792-00438152-00438763 and you on the staff is that all of the phthalates that we have decided base 2TyKODJcDv0-00793-00438763-00439378 on the scientific data fall within the active category are to be banned. 2TyKODJcDv0-00794-00439378-00439453 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-00795-00439453-00439504 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00796-00439504-00440049 And do I understand correctly that then if a phthalate is not active, 2TyKODJcDv0-00797-00440049-00440417 the next step of the analysis from the scientific data was 2TyKODJcDv0-00798-00440417-00440762 to look at the margin of exposure? 2TyKODJcDv0-00799-00440762-00440876 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-00800-00440876-00441232 >> Marietta Robinson: And you've explained to us what that is. 2TyKODJcDv0-00801-00441232-00441935 But as we looked-- as I looked at the phthalate recommendation of the not active phthalates, 2TyKODJcDv0-00802-00441935-00442332 I believe that all of them that have a-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00803-00442332-00442957 an MoE of more than 100 and so we've decided not to ban those. 2TyKODJcDv0-00804-00442957-00443068 Is that fair to say? 2TyKODJcDv0-00805-00443068-00443257 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-00806-00443257-00443368 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00807-00443628-00444049 So, just making sure that we've got these categories. 2TyKODJcDv0-00808-00444049-00444796 So with respect to DNOP, DIDP, and DINP, these are the three phthalates that we're banned 2TyKODJcDv0-00809-00444796-00445114 by Congress on an interim basis, right? 2TyKODJcDv0-00810-00445114-00445171 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-00811-00445171-00445606 >> Marietta Robinson: And those you reviewed under the standard of reasonable-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00812-00445606-00445793 I should get those in front of me. 2TyKODJcDv0-00813-00445793-00446271 I get-- into reasonable certainty of no harm. 2TyKODJcDv0-00814-00446271-00446345 Correct? 2TyKODJcDv0-00815-00446345-00446385 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-00816-00446385-00446621 >> Marietta Robinson: And to the population you've described. 2TyKODJcDv0-00817-00446621-00447502 And what you found and CHAP found from the scientific data is that DNOP and DIDP were found 2TyKODJcDv0-00818-00447502-00448192 to be not active within MoE of more than 100 so the recommendation by both you and the CHAP is 2TyKODJcDv0-00819-00448192-00448505 that we lift that interim ban imposed by Congress, right? 2TyKODJcDv0-00820-00448505-00448564 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-00821-00448564-00448592 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00822-00448592-00449297 And then the third one is DINP and that was found to be an active phthalate and both you 2TyKODJcDv0-00823-00449297-00449731 and the CHAP have recommended that we make the interim ban permanent. 2TyKODJcDv0-00824-00449731-00449780 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-00825-00449780-00449849 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00826-00449849-00450063 >> Elliot Kaye: Commissioner Robinson, I'm sorry, your time has expired. 2TyKODJcDv0-00827-00450063-00450122 >> Marietta Robinson: Oh, sorry. 2TyKODJcDv0-00828-00450122-00450156 >> Elliot Kaye: Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-00829-00450156-00450363 Commissioner Buerkle? 2TyKODJcDv0-00830-00450363-00450478 >> Marie Buerkle: Thank you Mr. Chair. 2TyKODJcDv0-00831-00450478-00451050 And I just want to reiterate what my fellow commissioners have already said and that is 2TyKODJcDv0-00832-00451050-00451789 to express my sincere appreciation to staff for putting together an incredibly complex package, 2TyKODJcDv0-00833-00451789-00452252 a difficult one to prepare and one as my colleague, 2TyKODJcDv0-00834-00452252-00452704 Commissioner Robinson said we've been waiting with bated breath for awhile since we got here. 2TyKODJcDv0-00835-00452704-00453124 So delighted to have it and really do appreciate all of your efforts on this 2TyKODJcDv0-00836-00453124-00453597 on behalf of the CHAP and the CHAP report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00837-00453597-00454120 My questioning-- In my line of questioning has to go along with what the chairman brought up 2TyKODJcDv0-00838-00454120-00454614 and that is the issue of timing and the data sets that were used by the CHAP 2TyKODJcDv0-00839-00454614-00454852 and then ultimately by our staff. 2TyKODJcDv0-00840-00454852-00455157 So, thanks to Kathleen [assumed spelling] in my office. 2TyKODJcDv0-00841-00455157-00455396 She prepared a timeline. 2TyKODJcDv0-00842-00455396-00455839 And since I'm a visual person, I thought it would be helpful if we look at this timeline 2TyKODJcDv0-00843-00455839-00456324 to determine when data sets were available and some of the criteria of the CHAP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00844-00456324-00456497 So my staff is just going to hand out Nancy [assumed spelling] 2TyKODJcDv0-00845-00456497-00456739 and Gibb [assumed spelling] are going to hand out a copy of this. 2TyKODJcDv0-00846-00456739-00457472 And I believe John [assumed spelling] has the time-- and may be difficult to see. 2TyKODJcDv0-00847-00457747-00458292 I do want to thank the chairman for bringing up this issue and for assuring us 2TyKODJcDv0-00848-00458292-00458620 that staff will view this additional data 2TyKODJcDv0-00849-00458620-00458929 because I think it's critical to the rule-making. 2TyKODJcDv0-00850-00459418-00460016 It's pretty simple, it-- compared to what we've been looking at and some 2TyKODJcDv0-00851-00460016-00460346 of the studies we've been looking at it in the report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00852-00460346-00461113 And Dr. Babich, if you could just walk through this with you because I just want 2TyKODJcDv0-00853-00461113-00461493 to make sure I have the dates right and I understand what occurred. 2TyKODJcDv0-00854-00461493-00462147 You mentioned in your testimony and actually in your response of the chairman's question 2TyKODJcDv0-00855-00462147-00462817 that the CHAP use the NHANES data from 2005-2006. 2TyKODJcDv0-00856-00462817-00463104 Is that-- That's correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-00857-00463104-00463487 So, that's the data that was used for the CHAP report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00858-00463487-00463533 >> Michael Babich: Yes. 2TyKODJcDv0-00859-00463533-00463641 >> Marie Buerkle: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00860-00463641-00464341 So, and I should explain above the line are pretty much just when data sets were available 2TyKODJcDv0-00861-00464341-00464837 that were used and below the line are just the activities of the CHAP report 2TyKODJcDv0-00862-00464837-00465105 and the information we use is on our website. 2TyKODJcDv0-00863-00465105-00465237 It was in the CHAP report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00864-00465237-00465556 So, it's pretty, it's publicly available information. 2TyKODJcDv0-00865-00465556-00466355 So, above the line, you can see February 2005-2006, the NHANES data was available, 2TyKODJcDv0-00866-00466355-00466951 that data set was available and that's what the CHAP use in their report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00867-00466951-00467614 You go then, go down to October 2007-2008, there was another set-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00868-00467614-00468109 data set of enhanced data available but that was not used. 2TyKODJcDv0-00869-00468109-00468835 Further, I see SFF data set we obtained that was used, Dr. Babich, your referenced it 2TyKODJcDv0-00870-00468835-00469167 in your opening presentation this morning. 2TyKODJcDv0-00871-00469167-00469708 Are you aware and do you know what the years of that data are 2TyKODJcDv0-00872-00469708-00469985 or if you don't maybe you could get back to us on there. 2TyKODJcDv0-00873-00469985-00470146 >> Michael Babich: Yes, we couldn't look that up. 2TyKODJcDv0-00874-00470146-00470217 >> Marie Buerkle: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00875-00470217-00470341 Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-00876-00470341-00470958 So, proceeding down that timeline, you can see in 2010, there were two data sets available. 2TyKODJcDv0-00877-00470958-00471289 In 2011, SFF data was available. 2TyKODJcDv0-00878-00471289-00472068 And then in 2012, there was another data set available, 2009-2010 endings data. 2TyKODJcDv0-00879-00472068-00472538 And then you can see there, we draw a bold line where the CHAP had establish the deadline 2TyKODJcDv0-00880-00472538-00472968 and we've heard this and it's true at some point, we have to draw the line and make sure 2TyKODJcDv0-00881-00472968-00473402 that you have the information and this is what you're going to work with. 2TyKODJcDv0-00882-00473402-00473695 So, I guess my question is that maybe an unfair question 2TyKODJcDv0-00883-00473695-00474232 because I don't know how you can speak for the CHAP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00884-00474232-00474670 But my question to you is to the best of your knowledge and information, 2TyKODJcDv0-00885-00474670-00475653 why didn't the CHAP use that 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 data set in their analysis. 2TyKODJcDv0-00886-00475653-00476137 It looks like the information they use was way at the beginning and then anything 2TyKODJcDv0-00887-00476137-00476639 that was submitted subsequently to that and the information data sets were available. 2TyKODJcDv0-00888-00476639-00476833 They didn't consider. 2TyKODJcDv0-00889-00477174-00478149 >> Michael Babich: Well, the-- you know, the CHAP did go back and revise their data, 2TyKODJcDv0-00890-00478149-00478852 revise their analysis based on new data a couple of times as new data became available. 2TyKODJcDv0-00891-00478852-00479793 And as NHANES published amendments to their data, you know, there's a-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00892-00479793-00480175 it's a long process, you can collect the samples. 2TyKODJcDv0-00893-00480175-00480446 It takes years to analyze quality control of the data. 2TyKODJcDv0-00894-00480446-00480891 They released it. 2TyKODJcDv0-00895-00480891-00481679 And sometimes they come back again and make corrections to their database. 2TyKODJcDv0-00896-00481679-00482200 So, this is a lengthy process and the CHAP did do several rounds 2TyKODJcDv0-00897-00482200-00482841 of redoing their calculations using newer data or updated data. 2TyKODJcDv0-00898-00482841-00483995 And you have to remember that this is a process where the report is made over-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00899-00483995-00484322 a period of time, over a period of years. 2TyKODJcDv0-00900-00484322-00484817 And that analysis occur-- you know, you do the analysis. 2TyKODJcDv0-00901-00484817-00485133 I mean, it's a long process. 2TyKODJcDv0-00902-00485243-00485857 And analyzing this data is a very involved. 2TyKODJcDv0-00903-00485857-00485933 It's a complex. 2TyKODJcDv0-00904-00485933-00486495 It's not a matter of, you know, putting in some numbers into a calculator. 2TyKODJcDv0-00905-00486495-00486829 So, it's a lengthy, time-consuming process. 2TyKODJcDv0-00906-00486829-00487660 And, you know, the CHAP members as well as anybody are aware of this data, 2TyKODJcDv0-00907-00487660-00488089 are aware of when the new data come out and whether there are any changes. 2TyKODJcDv0-00908-00488089-00488250 This is what they do. 2TyKODJcDv0-00909-00488250-00489146 And the fact is, that the data remained essentially unchanged throughout most 2TyKODJcDv0-00910-00489146-00489700 of this time and until the latest data set became available. 2TyKODJcDv0-00911-00489902-00490281 >> Marie Buerkle: So, when-- I guess, I'm confused because when-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00912-00490281-00490908 so, when I asked a question what data set did CHAP used, you said 2005-2006. 2TyKODJcDv0-00913-00490908-00491930 How would we know that they then factored in these later data sets into their analysis? 2TyKODJcDv0-00914-00491930-00492779 >> Michal Babich: Well, this is the-- 2005-2006 is the most recent data set that they analyzed. 2TyKODJcDv0-00915-00492779-00492839 >> Marie Buerkle: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-00916-00492839-00493254 So, they have not taken into consideration 2007-'08 or 2009 2TyKODJcDv0-00917-00493254-00493574 and '10 that were available before the deadline? 2TyKODJcDv0-00918-00493574-00494227 >> Michael Babich: Well, they took in into consideration but there was no change 2TyKODJcDv0-00919-00494227-00494681 in the exposure levels during that time period. 2TyKODJcDv0-00920-00494681-00495255 >> Marie Buerkle: Well, staff-- on page 38 of the draft, staff references it that there was-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00921-00495255-00495716 however, the most recent report I'll just read from their staff's report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00922-00495716-00496214 The most recent report from CDC shows that phthalate exposures are beginning to change. 2TyKODJcDv0-00923-00496214-00496556 As one might expect these projects are reformulated in the light 2TyKODJcDv0-00924-00496556-00496887 of the concern about phthalate toxicity. 2TyKODJcDv0-00925-00496887-00497324 So, it was apparent to everyone that things were beginning to change. 2TyKODJcDv0-00926-00497324-00497789 I think the CHAP even references in their-- in their report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00927-00497789-00498268 And my concern is, why didn't that pique someone's interest to say maybe we had 2TyKODJcDv0-00928-00498268-00498671 to look further, maybe we need to consider these later data sets? 2TyKODJcDv0-00929-00498671-00498839 They are irrelevant. 2TyKODJcDv0-00930-00498839-00499257 And as Commissioner Robinson said, this is critical stuff. 2TyKODJcDv0-00931-00499257-00499489 And we want to get this rule right. 2TyKODJcDv0-00932-00499489-00500187 And so, it seemed to me, the very most current data is extremely relevant any rule-making 2TyKODJcDv0-00933-00500187-00500902 that we undertake here at the CPSC. 2TyKODJcDv0-00934-00500902-00501167 >> Michael Babich: The latest data set-- I mean the report-- 2TyKODJcDv0-00935-00501167-00501802 the report was done when this latest data set became available. 2TyKODJcDv0-00936-00501802-00502253 And the CHAP was aware of it. 2TyKODJcDv0-00937-00502253-00503127 People who have looked at this-- you know, data, yes, there are some changes. 2TyKODJcDv0-00938-00503127-00503993 Some phthalates, some antiandrogen and phthalate exposures are down. 2TyKODJcDv0-00939-00503993-00504833 Others are-- That's not necessarily going to make a dramatic change 2TyKODJcDv0-00940-00504833-00505117 as to the outcome of the risk assessment. 2TyKODJcDv0-00941-00505117-00505784 And not only that, it was simply, at that time, 2TyKODJcDv0-00942-00505784-00506159 is not practical to go back and redo the entire report. 2TyKODJcDv0-00943-00506159-00506912 It was practically at the printers at that time. 2TyKODJcDv0-00944-00506912-00507343 >> Marie Buerkle: Well, I guess-- and one of my questions this morning is staff aware 2TyKODJcDv0-00945-00507343-00507889 that scientist who have assessed the impact of the changing phthalate exposures have concluded 2TyKODJcDv0-00946-00507889-00508379 that an updated risk assessment would show a Hazard Index well below 1? 2TyKODJcDv0-00947-00508379-00508845 I mean, that's extremely relevant to the promulgation of phthalates role. 2TyKODJcDv0-00948-00508845-00509332 >> Michael Babich: I think that some scientists have said 2TyKODJcDv0-00949-00509332-00509959 that the Hazard Index would change, would go down. 2TyKODJcDv0-00950-00509959-00510972 Others are not so sure and that's something that we will certainly look 2TyKODJcDv0-00951-00510972-00511364 at as the-- during the public common period. 2TyKODJcDv0-00952-00511364-00512360 But you have to consider that the Hazard Index, even if it goes down a little bit, 2TyKODJcDv0-00953-00512360-00513014 whether that would change the recommendations or change the conclusions is another matter. 2TyKODJcDv0-00954-00513014-00513066 >> Marie Buerkle: Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-00955-00513066-00513193 I see my time is expired. 2TyKODJcDv0-00956-00513193-00513343 Thank you, Dr. Babich. 2TyKODJcDv0-00957-00513343-00513446 >> Elliot Kaye: Thank you, Commissioner Buerkle. 2TyKODJcDv0-00958-00513446-00513568 Commissioner Mohorovic. 2TyKODJcDv0-00959-00513568-00513683 >> Joseph Mohorovic: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 2TyKODJcDv0-00960-00513683-00514257 I'd like to begin by making a fantastic announcement. 2TyKODJcDv0-00961-00514257-00514516 Some might noticed that my special assistant, 2TyKODJcDv0-00962-00514516-00514817 Mike Gentine [assumed spelling] is not behind me today. 2TyKODJcDv0-00963-00514817-00515417 He and his wife have been expecting for some time and I'm so pleased to announce the birth 2TyKODJcDv0-00964-00515417-00516055 of Miles Walter Gentine [assumed spelling] yesterday evening about half past 6, 2TyKODJcDv0-00965-00516055-00516464 8 pounds 13 ounces and everybody is doing very well. 2TyKODJcDv0-00966-00516464-00517006 And on Mike's behalf, I want to thank everybody for their collective thoughts and good wishes 2TyKODJcDv0-00967-00517006-00517343 and asked for updates and here you go, it's hot of the press. 2TyKODJcDv0-00968-00517343-00517962 I'd have pictures but young master Gentine wouldn't sit still as Mike tried 2TyKODJcDv0-00969-00517962-00518256 to get that bowtie around his neck. 2TyKODJcDv0-00970-00518256-00518671 And Katelyn [assumed spelling] suggested to use a clip-on and, you know, Mike is traditionalist. 2TyKODJcDv0-00971-00518671-00518885 He said, "No son of mine it's going to wear clip-on." 2TyKODJcDv0-00972-00518885-00519101 So, once we're able to get that bowtie 2TyKODJcDv0-00973-00519101-00519528 around the child we'll be able to send out some pictures. 2TyKODJcDv0-00974-00519528-00520079 I like to reiterate also the compliments to the staff on the amount and the depth 2TyKODJcDv0-00975-00520079-00520264 of the work that's provided today. 2TyKODJcDv0-00976-00520264-00520842 I would also like to continue with some of the questions with regards to the data that's used 2TyKODJcDv0-00977-00520842-00521253 in particular among the very many recommendations that were made just 2TyKODJcDv0-00978-00521253-00521785 in particular the recommendation as it was the CPSC is charged to determine whether 2TyKODJcDv0-00979-00521785-00522580 or not within a reasonable certainty of no harm to continue the interim ban on DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00980-00522580-00523135 So, that said, there's a couple of points Dr. Babich that you made with regards 2TyKODJcDv0-00981-00523135-00523797 to when the CHAP-- and I understand that you're doing your best to interpret the CHAP 2TyKODJcDv0-00982-00523797-00523955 and you don't represent the CHAP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00983-00523955-00524320 But then, again, part of our work was to review the CHAP work. 2TyKODJcDv0-00984-00524320-00525078 So, in doing so, you mentioned that CHAP's look at data with regards 2TyKODJcDv0-00985-00525078-00525657 to make their findings including the fundamental finding with the Hazard Index level 2TyKODJcDv0-00986-00525657-00526264 for the methodology to justify-- continuing the interm ban on DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-00987-00526264-00526869 You mentioned that the CHAP evaluated the data that was available. 2TyKODJcDv0-00988-00526869-00527333 You said it wasn't up until dotting the i's and crossing the t's. 2TyKODJcDv0-00989-00527333-00527670 And then at another point of time in your testimony, you mentioned that it was 2TyKODJcDv0-00990-00527670-00527939 up until the report was practically at the printers. 2TyKODJcDv0-00991-00527939-00528239 And I completely agree with Commissioner Buerkle that at some point of time, 2TyKODJcDv0-00992-00528239-00528712 you have to stop collecting data and you have to move on to make some analysis. 2TyKODJcDv0-00993-00528712-00529155 But as we look at the timeframe that Commissioner Buerkle provided, 2TyKODJcDv0-00994-00529155-00529758 the data set that the CHAP used to draw its conclusions, 2TyKODJcDv0-00995-00529758-00530152 which we're basing our recommendation on continuing the ban 2TyKODJcDv0-00996-00530152-00530675 on DINP was provided a long, long time ago. 2TyKODJcDv0-00997-00530675-00531750 So that 2005-2006 data was available in February of 2010, that's the data set that the CHAP used 2TyKODJcDv0-00998-00531750-00532585 to draw its conclusions that we concurred and made a determination to continue the ban. 2TyKODJcDv0-00999-00532585-00533272 And I see from the timeframe, that's between the first and second CHAP meeting. 2TyKODJcDv0-01000-00533272-00533857 You couldn't mean that they were dotting the i's and crossing the t's in the middle 2TyKODJcDv0-01001-00533857-00534646 of 2010 before the 2007-2008 NHANES data set was available 2TyKODJcDv0-01002-00534646-00535098 in the chronological time of October 2010. 2TyKODJcDv0-01003-00535098-00535664 Can you comment on the fact that to make that determination for DINP, 2TyKODJcDv0-01004-00535664-00536279 to hit that Hazard Index level and I appreciate the fact that there's a lot of recommendations, 2TyKODJcDv0-01005-00536279-00536651 so different data sets are going to impact different recommendations 2TyKODJcDv0-01006-00536651-00536948 that are included in the staff package here. 2TyKODJcDv0-01007-00536948-00537866 But just specifically with regards to DINP, does the decision to not look at, 2TyKODJcDv0-01008-00537866-00538283 even though it's within the timeframe the CHAP established with which they'll look 2TyKODJcDv0-01009-00538283-00538546 at data to make the determinations. 2TyKODJcDv0-01010-00538546-00539074 Is there any-- Will they really going to the printer in the middle of 2010, and therefore, 2TyKODJcDv0-01011-00539074-00539533 that's the justification for not using 2007-2008 data-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01012-00539533-00540332 NHANES data set or the 2009-2010 NHANES data set? 2TyKODJcDv0-01013-00540788-00541723 >> Michael Babich: No, but they-- the data hadn't changed. 2TyKODJcDv0-01014-00541723-00542091 The data hadn't changed until the very end. 2TyKODJcDv0-01015-00542091-00542639 So it wouldn't have made any difference in their report if they had gone back 2TyKODJcDv0-01016-00542639-00543177 and redone the entire analysis yet again which they-- they had done-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01017-00543177-00543487 gone through several cycles of this. 2TyKODJcDv0-01018-00543487-00543591 >> Joseph Mohorovic: Thank you Dr. Babich. 2TyKODJcDv0-01019-00543591-00543659 Is it-- Dr. 2TyKODJcDv0-01020-00543659-00544181 Babich, specifically with regards to the data that's relevant to make the justification 2TyKODJcDv0-01021-00544181-00544637 that there's a Hazard Index above 1, and therefore, that's the methodology 2TyKODJcDv0-01022-00544637-00544929 that we concurred with the CHAP's approach. 2TyKODJcDv0-01023-00544929-00545639 You're saying that the data set did not change to impact that conclusion, the risk assessment? 2TyKODJcDv0-01024-00545639-00545807 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01025-00545807-00546139 >> Joseph Mohorovic: They're say-- And I know you've seen the reports that are given to us. 2TyKODJcDv0-01026-00546139-00546663 I have to conclude that you're-- that you're saying that they're erroneous 2TyKODJcDv0-01027-00546663-00547014 that the DEHP data set which is the most significant contributor 2TyKODJcDv0-01028-00547014-00547391 to the overall cumulative risk, did not change-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01029-00547391-00548362 did not change significantly in 2007-2008 NHANES data set nor 2009 and 2010 data set? 2TyKODJcDv0-01030-00548362-00548759 >> Michael Babich: I'm saying that there were no clear trends 2TyKODJcDv0-01031-00548759-00549209 until the latest data set was available. 2TyKODJcDv0-01032-00549209-00549558 >> Joseph Mohorovic: And when you mean the latest data set available, 2TyKODJcDv0-01033-00549558-00549745 there's been a lot available. 2TyKODJcDv0-01034-00549745-00550560 And we're not last week, there was a data set available in late 2013, data set available 2TyKODJcDv0-01035-00550560-00551641 in 2014, all of these data sets tends-- February of 2010 were not used, they were not available 2TyKODJcDv0-01036-00551641-00552303 and none would fundamentally change the outcome of the risk assessment to be 2TyKODJcDv0-01037-00552303-00552992 at a hazard index level above or below one which is the methodology that we agreed 2TyKODJcDv0-01038-00552992-00553834 with the CHAP's approach to determine whether or not to continue the interim ban on DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-01039-00553978-00554661 >> Michael Babich: I'm-- You know, I'm saying that there were no apparent trends. 2TyKODJcDv0-01040-00554661-00555417 A lot of people have looked at these data over the years and, yes, there are fluctuations 2TyKODJcDv0-01041-00555417-00555747 and you look at different subgroups and so on. 2TyKODJcDv0-01042-00555747-00555898 Look at the general population. 2TyKODJcDv0-01043-00555898-00556204 Look at the different sub and you think you see something 2TyKODJcDv0-01044-00556204-00556844 but it really didn't become clear until that-- that last data set. 2TyKODJcDv0-01045-00556844-00556978 And a lot of-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01046-00556978-00557063 >> Joseph Mohorovic: Can you please define? 2TyKODJcDv0-01047-00557063-00557386 I'm sorry for interrupting but just-- can you please define what data set you're-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01048-00557386-00557804 because I don't know if you mean the data set within the 2012 time period 2TyKODJcDv0-01049-00557804-00558031 or can you just refer to it specifically. 2TyKODJcDv0-01050-00558031-00558575 >> Michael Babich: So the one, the 20-- on the chart, the 2011-2012 NHANES data set. 2TyKODJcDv0-01051-00558575-00558598 >> Joseph Mohorovic: Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01052-00558598-00558712 I apologize for the interruption. 2TyKODJcDv0-01053-00558712-00558814 Please continue. 2TyKODJcDv0-01054-00558814-00559500 >> Michael Babich: So, you know, others have concluded that there were no clear trends 2TyKODJcDv0-01055-00559500-00559951 until that time-- until that time. 2TyKODJcDv0-01056-00559951-00561062 And I might point out that the NHANES is part of the data and that's-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01057-00561062-00561509 but that it does not include data on infants. 2TyKODJcDv0-01058-00561509-00562022 And that the data on infants that are available to us are the same. 2TyKODJcDv0-01059-00562022-00562379 That has not changed. 2TyKODJcDv0-01060-00562556-00563048 >> Joseph Mohorovic: And I know that we're looking at the CHAP report and Dr. Babich, 2TyKODJcDv0-01061-00563048-00563461 you are one of the preeminent experts in this field scientifically. 2TyKODJcDv0-01062-00563461-00563847 It's not while they took up de novo approach, I appreciate your humility. 2TyKODJcDv0-01063-00563847-00564219 The CHAP was asked to take a de novo approach to start afresh. 2TyKODJcDv0-01064-00564219-00564705 But you have a very long history in studying DINP on behalf of the-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01065-00564705-00565016 of the public, on behalf of the entire Commission. 2TyKODJcDv0-01066-00565016-00565290 I want to demonstrate my appreciation to you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01067-00565290-00565690 And there has been a significant consistency, Dr. Babich, 2TyKODJcDv0-01068-00565690-00566128 with your analysis in particular again DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-01069-00566128-00566653 I realized the scope of Section 108, many of the recommendations we had made moved beyond this. 2TyKODJcDv0-01070-00566653-00567106 But this remains the most controversial element before the Commission right now. 2TyKODJcDv0-01071-00567106-00567828 In 2002, the staff package to not recommend banning DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-01072-00567828-00568619 Again, in 2007, CPSC sent a letter to California State. 2TyKODJcDv0-01073-00568619-00569167 Senator George Runner, in that letter, quoted, that the CPSC staff has kept abreast 2TyKODJcDv0-01074-00569167-00569567 of the new research and has not seen anything that would cause a change 2TyKODJcDv0-01075-00569567-00570130 in the staff's position on the issue and then you also have congressional testimony, 2TyKODJcDv0-01076-00570130-00570725 Dr. Babich, where-- and I'll quote from that to assess the potential health risks from DINP, 2TyKODJcDv0-01077-00570725-00571262 CPSC staff collaborated with scientist and Europe and Canada developed laboratory method 2TyKODJcDv0-01078-00571262-00571658 to measure migration of DINP for products. 2TyKODJcDv0-01079-00571658-00572101 You go on to say for the majority of children, the CHAP concluded that the exposure 2TyKODJcDv0-01080-00572101-00572552 to DINP poses a minimal to nonexistent risk of injury. 2TyKODJcDv0-01081-00572552-00573147 And you conclude in your testimony before Congress in 2008, therefore, 2TyKODJcDv0-01082-00573147-00573325 we concluded that exposure to DINP 2TyKODJcDv0-01083-00573325-00573780 in these products did not present a health risk to children. 2TyKODJcDv0-01084-00573780-00574150 In the February of 2003, the Commission voted unanimously 2TyKODJcDv0-01085-00574150-00574741 to deny the petition requesting a ban of PVC in children's products. 2TyKODJcDv0-01086-00574741-00574955 I'll get back to that if you will. 2TyKODJcDv0-01087-00574955-00575329 I know that this is my life part of the questions, but I'm out of time. 2TyKODJcDv0-01088-00575329-00575507 So thank you Dr. Babich. 2TyKODJcDv0-01089-00575507-00575840 >> Elliot Kaye: Thank you Commissioner Mohorovic. 2TyKODJcDv0-01090-00575840-00576617 Dr. Babich, I know you're in a tough spot to have to try to divine the intention 2TyKODJcDv0-01091-00576617-00577081 of an independent body of experts who are in panel specifically as a direction 2TyKODJcDv0-01092-00577081-00577535 from the United States Congress for the expressed purpose of trying 2TyKODJcDv0-01093-00577535-00578106 to provide some scientific clarity and some scientific certainty on a very difficult issue. 2TyKODJcDv0-01094-00578106-00578484 And I think that's one of the reasons we need to remain mindful 2TyKODJcDv0-01095-00578484-00578923 of the specific statutory structure that were under here regardless 2TyKODJcDv0-01096-00578923-00579578 of what may have been some scientific views even by the Commission staff prior to that. 2TyKODJcDv0-01097-00579578-00580023 Congress did give the Commission and the CHAP specific charge. 2TyKODJcDv0-01098-00580023-00580590 And I do want to read again and Commissioner Robinson talked about this earlier, 2TyKODJcDv0-01099-00580590-00581143 the instruction from my Congress on the interim bans was to, quote, 2TyKODJcDv0-01100-00581143-00581822 ensure a reasonable certainty of no harm to children, pregnant women 2TyKODJcDv0-01101-00581822-00582403 or other susceptible individuals with an adequate margin of safety. 2TyKODJcDv0-01102-00582403-00582910 And so that's the charge on the interim bans regardless of what any scientist might think 2TyKODJcDv0-01103-00582910-00583398 and regardless of what may have transpired prior to the date that the CHAP considered this. 2TyKODJcDv0-01104-00583398-00583856 And I also think that you've done an excellent job demonstrating both the fact 2TyKODJcDv0-01105-00583856-00584513 that there have been, as you put it, there was no difference in the trends that was discernible 2TyKODJcDv0-01106-00584513-00585016 in the NHANES data even with the issuance of the '07, '08, '09, 2TyKODJcDv0-01107-00585016-00585620 '10 data until basically the CHAP was done when it was discovered at that point 2TyKODJcDv0-01108-00585620-00585769 that there might be a difference. 2TyKODJcDv0-01109-00585769-00586077 I think you also did a phenomenal job of pointing out that there-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01110-00586077-00586560 different scientists will often reach very different conclusions 2TyKODJcDv0-01111-00586560-00587159 and I think that's exactly why Congress created this particular statutory scheme 2TyKODJcDv0-01112-00587159-00587703 and directed the Commission to in panel an independent Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel 2TyKODJcDv0-01113-00587703-00588185 on CHAP to give the commission this kind of guidance and make sure that we based, 2TyKODJcDv0-01114-00588185-00588651 the Commission based any policy decisions on the CHAP's recommendations. 2TyKODJcDv0-01115-00588651-00589073 So thank you for trying to work your way through a difficult position today. 2TyKODJcDv0-01116-00589073-00589524 I want to switch to Mr. DiMatteo and talk about the effective date. 2TyKODJcDv0-01117-00589524-00589937 And I want to read from the-- a few provisions from page 62 2TyKODJcDv0-01118-00589937-00590409 of the draft NPR, for the register notice. 2TyKODJcDv0-01119-00590409-00590672 So the staff concluded that this would have, quote, 2TyKODJcDv0-01120-00590672-00591072 minimal impact on manufacturers, end quote. 2TyKODJcDv0-01121-00591072-00591486 And then supervision, open quote, a relatively small percentage 2TyKODJcDv0-01122-00591486-00592132 of non-mouthable toys would need to be reformulated to remove DINP, close quote. 2TyKODJcDv0-01123-00592132-00592662 And then on the third part, open quote, minimal effort by testing laboratories, close quote, 2TyKODJcDv0-01124-00592662-00592954 and as the staff mentioned as well on the effective date, 2TyKODJcDv0-01125-00592954-00593556 the Administrative Procedure Act only requires that an effective date must be at least 30 days 2TyKODJcDv0-01126-00593556-00593744 after publication of the final rule. 2TyKODJcDv0-01127-00593744-00594101 Mr. DiMatteo, do you believe or the staff believe that-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01128-00594101-00594522 and of course, the staff recommended 180 days, that there is ample room 2TyKODJcDv0-01129-00594522-00594923 for the Commission should choose to decide to issue this NPR 2TyKODJcDv0-01130-00594923-00595408 to consider moving the effective date much further forward and a much lower number 2TyKODJcDv0-01131-00595408-00595840 than 180 days based on the findings that staff made? 2TyKODJcDv0-01132-00595840-00596176 >> David DiMatteo: I think that if an adequate reason is given 2TyKODJcDv0-01133-00596176-00596371 that you could potentially move it up. 2TyKODJcDv0-01134-00596371-00596424 >> Elliot Kaye: And do you believe-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01135-00596424-00596691 >> David DiMattero: -- with the last time, but certainly not anything below 30 days. 2TyKODJcDv0-01136-00596691-00596738 >> Elliot Kaye: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01137-00596738-00596951 Correct. And do you believe though that a minimal impact 2TyKODJcDv0-01138-00596951-00597514 on manufacturing relatively small percentage of non-mouthable toys would need to be reformulated 2TyKODJcDv0-01139-00597514-00597859 and a minimal effort by testing laboratories would qualify 2TyKODJcDv0-01140-00597859-00598085 as adequate reasoning from your perspective? 2TyKODJcDv0-01141-00598085-00598409 >> David DiMatteo: Potentially, you would really have to ask the technically staff. 2TyKODJcDv0-01142-00598409-00598934 That's their analysis which I have no reason to [inaudible], but certainly they would be able 2TyKODJcDv0-01143-00598934-00599098 to talk to that better than I would. 2TyKODJcDv0-01144-00599098-00599118 >> Elliot Kaye: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01145-00599118-00599167 Great thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01146-00599167-00599320 Commissioner Adler? 2TyKODJcDv0-01147-00599320-00599484 >> Robert S. Adler: Thank you Mr. Chairman. 2TyKODJcDv0-01148-00599484-00599909 And I also want to reiterate the point that you made is 2TyKODJcDv0-01149-00599909-00600341 that when the staff was assessing the hazards associated with phthalates before. 2TyKODJcDv0-01150-00600341-00600796 I'm assuming that the legal standard they're replying was a legal standard set forth 2TyKODJcDv0-01151-00600796-00601006 and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act. 2TyKODJcDv0-01152-00601006-00601455 That ain't the standard that we're applying under Section 108. 2TyKODJcDv0-01153-00601455-00601893 And Commissioner Robinson helped me avoid major embarrassment this morning 2TyKODJcDv0-01154-00601893-00602184 when I was talking and thinking about DIOP. 2TyKODJcDv0-01155-00602184-00602805 Because DIOP is not being assessed under the standard of reasonable certainty of no harm, 2TyKODJcDv0-01156-00602805-00603066 it's been assessed under the standard of whether it's-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01157-00603066-00603379 we determine it necessary to protect the health of children. 2TyKODJcDv0-01158-00603379-00603936 The point being that the legal standard you apply has a lot to do with the conclusions 2TyKODJcDv0-01159-00603936-00604429 that you reached and Dr. Carlson, since Dr. Babich is in here, 2TyKODJcDv0-01160-00604429-00604872 I'm going to at least direct the question to you if I might. 2TyKODJcDv0-01161-00604872-00605443 And that is with respect to DIOP, I would just like it if you could explain something to me, 2TyKODJcDv0-01162-00605443-00606143 and I'm reading from the CHAP report which was also picked up by the staff briefing package. 2TyKODJcDv0-01163-00606143-00606493 And it says the hazard from DI-- it actually says the hazard 2TyKODJcDv0-01164-00606493-00606765 from DIOP but that's a typo-- is unknown. 2TyKODJcDv0-01165-00606765-00607209 Minimal data do not demonstrate antiandrogen-- androgenic hazard. 2TyKODJcDv0-01166-00607209-00607893 However, the isomeric structure of DIOP suggests that DIOP is within the range 2TyKODJcDv0-01167-00607893-00608475 of the structure activity characteristics associated with antiandrogenic activity. 2TyKODJcDv0-01168-00608475-00609255 Could you explain to me what isomeric activity is and how that relates to the general hazards 2TyKODJcDv0-01169-00609255-00609666 that we were addressing with respect to DIOP? 2TyKODJcDv0-01170-00609795-00610086 My understanding this comes from isomers. 2TyKODJcDv0-01171-00610086-00610863 And so if you could just give me a brief 30 second biochem lecture, I'd appreciate it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01172-00610863-00610997 >> Kent Carlson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01173-00610997-00611224 Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01174-00611224-00611854 The isomeric structures they're referring to we've been previously commented on in terms 2TyKODJcDv0-01175-00611854-00612687 of the carbons necessary for being an active or an inactive phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-01176-00612687-00613420 So when the CHAP was assessing this compound, 2TyKODJcDv0-01177-00613420-00613821 because there was a lack of data associated with DIOP. 2TyKODJcDv0-01178-00613821-00614808 They actually looked at that structure and tried to determine whether or not it fit into the-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01179-00614808-00615381 you know, I think it was carbon 3 to carbon 6 backbone of active phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-01180-00615381-00615958 >> Robert Adler: Reading from a well-known textbook called Wikipedia, it says, 2TyKODJcDv0-01181-00615958-00616444 isomers do not necessarily share similar properties unless they also have the same 2TyKODJcDv0-01182-00616444-00616585 functional groups. 2TyKODJcDv0-01183-00616585-00617127 Does that have any meaning in the sense here that the isomers associated 2TyKODJcDv0-01184-00617127-00617594 with DIOP do not have the same-- do not belong in the same functional group 2TyKODJcDv0-01185-00617594-00617845 as other antiandrogenic phthalates? 2TyKODJcDv0-01186-00617845-00618228 >>Kent Carlson: Now, I think I'm going to pass off at this point 2TyKODJcDv0-01187-00618228-00618454 to Mike because he's the chemist. 2TyKODJcDv0-01188-00618454-00618610 >> Robert Adler: And by the way, you need not answer that. 2TyKODJcDv0-01189-00618610-00619024 I've tried to grab Mike before the meeting and tell him I was going to ask this question 2TyKODJcDv0-01190-00619024-00619978 so this is maybe something that you could talk to me later about. 2TyKODJcDv0-01191-00619978-00620661 >> Michael Babich: I think the question was whether the different isomers makes a difference 2TyKODJcDv0-01192-00620661-00620969 if they're not part of the appropriate functional group. 2TyKODJcDv0-01193-00620969-00621463 And it would appear that it's-- the side chain, 2TyKODJcDv0-01194-00621463-00621772 the isomeric part of the molecule that makes the difference. 2TyKODJcDv0-01195-00621772-00622239 So yes, it would make-- it would matter. 2TyKODJcDv0-01196-00622239-00622734 The different isomers in this case would matter or may matter. 2TyKODJcDv0-01197-00622734-00623120 >> Robert Adler: And so I do take it that you are comfortable with the conclusion-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01198-00623120-00623419 the staff recommendation that at least at this time, 2TyKODJcDv0-01199-00623419-00623834 we do not recommend a ban with respect to DIOP? 2TyKODJcDv0-01200-00623834-00624284 >> Michael Babich: Well, the reason being there's virtually no data 2TyKODJcDv0-01201-00624284-00624800 in animals, at least not at this time. 2TyKODJcDv0-01202-00624800-00625463 >> Robert Adler: And with respect to DEHP, that seems to be a particularly potent phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-01203-00625463-00625937 So I was just curious, how widely used this DEHP? 2TyKODJcDv0-01204-00625937-00626365 And again, this-- you may not know the answer to this, but what is it used then 2TyKODJcDv0-01205-00626365-00626892 if not children's toys or articles of child care? 2TyKODJcDv0-01206-00626892-00627119 >>Michael Babich: You know, DEHP is-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01207-00627119-00627752 has been the most common phthalate probably for many years. 2TyKODJcDv0-01208-00627752-00628384 It's called a general purpose plasticizer which means exactly 2TyKODJcDv0-01209-00628384-00628707 that it's used in lots of different things. 2TyKODJcDv0-01210-00628707-00629080 You know, I didn't go into this through the briefing. 2TyKODJcDv0-01211-00629080-00629682 But back in the '80s, DEHP was in toys and child care articles. 2TyKODJcDv0-01212-00629682-00630239 The Commission started a rule-making and the manufacturers, you know, said, 2TyKODJcDv0-01213-00630239-00631011 we'll just take it out and it was replaced by DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-01214-00631011-00631282 So it's used in a lot of different things. 2TyKODJcDv0-01215-00631282-00631664 It's been used for a long time. 2TyKODJcDv0-01216-00631664-00631996 There has been a trend to remove. 2TyKODJcDv0-01217-00631996-00633014 So anyway, we took DEHP out more or less in the 1980s. 2TyKODJcDv0-01218-00633014-00633669 And then later on, of course, through the European Commissions actions, 2TyKODJcDv0-01219-00633669-00634046 it was then banned in the European Union. 2TyKODJcDv0-01220-00634046-00634837 It was still used in Asia and other parts of the world in these children's products. 2TyKODJcDv0-01221-00634837-00636039 There has been a general trend and I believe or I am told that DEHP is slowly being replaced 2TyKODJcDv0-01222-00636039-00636669 by other phthalates and other compounds, most likely due to concerns about toxicity. 2TyKODJcDv0-01223-00636669-00637191 >> Robert Adler: And then Continuing the point raised by the Chairman earlier, 2TyKODJcDv0-01224-00637191-00637779 this will be put out as an NPR in the entire world including people concerned 2TyKODJcDv0-01225-00637779-00638216 about DINP will have the ability to file comments with the commission 2TyKODJcDv0-01226-00638216-00638616 with respect to the proposed action on DINP. 2TyKODJcDv0-01227-00638616-00639228 And at that point the staff will be able to analyze the comments submitted by folks 2TyKODJcDv0-01228-00639228-00639770 who are interested in DINP and other phthalates and will be able to incorporate any thinking 2TyKODJcDv0-01229-00639770-00640520 or any change of thinking that the 2011, 2012 NHANES data set that might raise? 2TyKODJcDv0-01230-00640520-00641416 >> Michael Babich: Absolutely, you know, the plan has been in place for a long time 2TyKODJcDv0-01231-00641416-00641929 that the proper play-- obviously people will comment on the CHAP report 2TyKODJcDv0-01232-00641929-00642418 and that the proper time and place for responding 2TyKODJcDv0-01233-00642418-00642959 to those comments will be during the public comment period after publication of the NPR. 2TyKODJcDv0-01234-00642959-00643412 >> Robert Adler: Also, there's no data that's coming out that is suggesting 2TyKODJcDv0-01235-00643412-00643832 that DINP does not have antiandrogenicity. 2TyKODJcDv0-01236-00643832-00644455 The issue is the exposure, am I correct in stating that? 2TyKODJcDv0-01237-00644455-00644549 >>Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01238-00644549-00645102 Well, the issue is the exposure not just to DINP but to all phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-01239-00645102-00645493 >> Robert Adler: No, I certainly understand that, yes. 2TyKODJcDv0-01240-00645493-00645982 >>Michael Babich: But its exposure, in fact, yes, if anything there are more data 2TyKODJcDv0-01241-00645982-00646858 to support the fact-- DINP is in fact that antiandrogenic, you know. 2TyKODJcDv0-01242-00646858-00647442 It's amazing, the pace, the growth of the literature. 2TyKODJcDv0-01243-00647442-00647940 The number of papers published virtually everyday. 2TyKODJcDv0-01244-00647940-00648193 I mean it's astounding. 2TyKODJcDv0-01245-00648193-00648476 >> Robert Adler: Well, this may be an unfair question, feel free not to answer it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01246-00648476-00649069 But if you were to fly to 50,000 feet and look down at the recommendations from the CHAP 2TyKODJcDv0-01247-00649069-00649737 and at least to your emerging understanding of what's in the 2011-2012 NHANES data set, 2TyKODJcDv0-01248-00649737-00650251 do you see anything there that is such a dramatic departure from what was before the CHAP 2TyKODJcDv0-01249-00650251-00650738 that it would lead you to change your thinking about the recommendations of the staff 2TyKODJcDv0-01250-00650738-00650994 and the recommendations of the CHAP? 2TyKODJcDv0-01251-00650994-00651984 >> Michael Babich: Not necessarily because, you know, people have been reformulating products 2TyKODJcDv0-01252-00651984-00652456 to remove phthalates for a long time. 2TyKODJcDv0-01253-00652456-00652857 HP was phased out in the '80s from these particular products. 2TyKODJcDv0-01254-00652857-00653535 The manufacturers of toys and child care articles started reformulating their products. 2TyKODJcDv0-01255-00653535-00654235 In around 1999 and some of them came out and said, you know, we're just getting rid 2TyKODJcDv0-01256-00654235-00654826 of the phthalates, just, you know, forget the-- what the scientist say. 2TyKODJcDv0-01257-00654826-00655136 If people are worried about it, we're going to reformulate. 2TyKODJcDv0-01258-00655136-00655632 So this has been going on for a long time. 2TyKODJcDv0-01259-00655632-00656155 Any rule-making that I've been involved in at CPSC as you know, 2TyKODJcDv0-01260-00656155-00656722 it takes awhile to pass a regulation, a mandatory regulation. 2TyKODJcDv0-01261-00656722-00657940 And the most-- usually the manufa-- if there's a problem with the product like a fireworks device 2TyKODJcDv0-01262-00657940-00658522 or something else, the manufacturers, they know it's a problem. 2TyKODJcDv0-01263-00658522-00658922 The big companies at least fix it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01264-00658922-00659515 And so by time you get to the final ruling stage, it's like, "So, what's the cost benefit? 2TyKODJcDv0-01265-00659515-00659778 Why do we need to do this rule and, you know?" 2TyKODJcDv0-01266-00659778-00660447 I think-- Because if you don't then five years later, you'll be addressing the same issue. 2TyKODJcDv0-01267-00660447-00660599 >> Robert Adler: Thank you very much. 2TyKODJcDv0-01268-00660599-00660761 >> Elliot Kaye: Commissioner Robinson? 2TyKODJcDv0-01269-00660761-00660896 >> Marietta Robinson: Thank you Mr. Chair. 2TyKODJcDv0-01270-00660896-00661322 Dr. Babich, I would just like to regroup a little bit on where I ran 2TyKODJcDv0-01271-00661322-00661712 out of time the last round of questioning and let me back up. 2TyKODJcDv0-01272-00661712-00662157 We've talked about the different standards for the interim banned phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-01273-00662157-00662659 and the other phthalates considered by CHAP and by you and the staff. 2TyKODJcDv0-01274-00662659-00663292 But we also have a mandate from Congress in the statute that they gave us that the CHAP 2TyKODJcDv0-01275-00663292-00664006 and you have to not only consider the effects of the phthalates individually in isolation 2TyKODJcDv0-01276-00664006-00664347 but also cumulatively, is that right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01277-00664347-00664429 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01278-00664429-00664511 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01279-00664511-00665300 So just quickly, we talked about the interim ban that we're looking under reasonable certainty 2TyKODJcDv0-01280-00665300-00665901 of no harm and we talked about DNOP and DIDP nothing active-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01281-00665901-00666070 in other words nothing associated 2TyKODJcDv0-01282-00666070-00666528 with male reproductive problems and-- or developmental problems. 2TyKODJcDv0-01283-00666528-00666905 So the recommendation is to lift the ban. 2TyKODJcDv0-01284-00666905-00667498 And then DINP which is one of the active phthalates associated 2TyKODJcDv0-01285-00667498-00668019 with male reproductive developmental problems and that the recommendation is 2TyKODJcDv0-01286-00668019-00668234 to make the temporary ban permanent. 2TyKODJcDv0-01287-00668234-00669254 So let me just move on to DIDP, DPENP, DHEXP, DCHP, these were found by both the CHAP 2TyKODJcDv0-01288-00669254-00669750 and you to be active phthalates and there's a recommendation of a permanent ban 2TyKODJcDv0-01289-00669750-00670042 by both you and the CHAP, correct? 2TyKODJcDv0-01290-00670042-00670170 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01291-00670170-00670217 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01292-00670217-00670922 And DIOP, Commissioner Adler's talked about and I only want to follow up with 2TyKODJcDv0-01293-00670922-00671517 that you are recommending that we continue to examine that as we have the resources but that 2TyKODJcDv0-01294-00671517-00672157 at this point it just-- we don't have enough data to make a decision on ban? 2TyKODJcDv0-01295-00672157-00672296 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01296-00672296-00672358 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01297-00672358-00673164 And at the-- the last ones were DEP and DPHP and the CHAP did not recommend any bans on this. 2TyKODJcDv0-01298-00673164-00673703 And I would just like to comment that what the CHAP said and I assume the staff is 2TyKODJcDv0-01299-00673703-00674206 in agreement is that that we should do additional study. 2TyKODJcDv0-01300-00674206-00674939 But as you've noted this is a very complicated effort and an expensive effort and I would just 2TyKODJcDv0-01301-00674939-00675282 like to call on our fellow health and safety regulators as well 2TyKODJcDv0-01302-00675282-00675672 as the academic community manufacturers and other stakeholders 2TyKODJcDv0-01303-00675672-00675962 to study those phthalates further. 2TyKODJcDv0-01304-00675962-00676461 So let me move for a moment if we could Dr. Babich to the issue 2TyKODJcDv0-01305-00676461-00676906 that Commissioner Buerkle raised with respect to the data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01306-00676906-00677409 And I don't want to use the term-- I don't want to get messy about the term data 2TyKODJcDv0-01307-00677409-00678071 because there's scientific data with respect to the molecular structure of each 2TyKODJcDv0-01308-00678071-00678422 of these phthalates with respect to them being active and inactive, 2TyKODJcDv0-01309-00678422-00679131 the NHANES data on the other hand is-- it has to do with people over the age of six 2TyKODJcDv0-01310-00679131-00679590 and what exposure they have to phthalates, is that right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01311-00679590-00679656 >>Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01312-00679656-00679708 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01313-00679708-00680546 And the-- in the NHANES data, it has nothing to do with the data concerning molecular structure 2TyKODJcDv0-01314-00680546-00680911 of the phthalates as Mr. Adler pointed out, is that right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01315-00680911-00680986 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01316-00680986-00681160 >> Marietta Robinson: And nothing to do whether-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01317-00681160-00682065 with whether a phthalate is associated with male reproductive development problems, right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01318-00682065-00682135 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01319-00682135-00682783 Although, I don't know the exact criteria that CDC uses to decide. 2TyKODJcDv0-01320-00682783-00683451 Obviously they are going to test for a chemical if they think it has some importance. 2TyKODJcDv0-01321-00683451-00684118 But, no, the data themselves do not tell us whether it's antiandrogenic. 2TyKODJcDv0-01322-00684118-00684650 Although the data are used by people, epidemiologist and so on. 2TyKODJcDv0-01323-00684650-00684974 >> Marietta Robinson: I understand that because it shows the exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-01324-00684974-00685192 But it doesn't have anything to do with the scientific data-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01325-00685192-00685228 >> Michael Babich: No. 2TyKODJcDv0-01326-00685228-00685396 >> Marietta Robinson: -- of the structure, is that right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01327-00685396-00685516 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01328-00685516-00685886 >> Marietta Robinson: And as you-- as you pointed out that there's-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01329-00685886-00686573 the data with respect to children under the age of six is separate from the NHANES data? 2TyKODJcDv0-01330-00686573-00686693 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01331-00686693-00686770 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01332-00686770-00687260 And as we've said when the time comes after you've considered the comments 2TyKODJcDv0-01333-00687260-00687871 and this additional data then I assume doing what we always do, you will make recommendations 2TyKODJcDv0-01334-00687871-00688188 to us on a final rule which may be the same of different 2TyKODJcDv0-01335-00688188-00688478 than one you're recommending now, right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01336-00688478-00688624 >> Michael Babich: Exactly. 2TyKODJcDv0-01337-00688624-00688751 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01338-00688751-00689891 [ Pause ] 2TyKODJcDv0-01339-00689891-00690402 I guess just generally, I just like to ask you a couple of questions with respect 2TyKODJcDv0-01340-00690402-00690872 to the Hazard Index that we talked about. 2TyKODJcDv0-01341-00691058-00691778 It's generally agreed that the Hazard Index above 1 is something that we very, 2TyKODJcDv0-01342-00691778-00692063 very much don't want to have occurred, right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01343-00692063-00692815 >> Michael Babich: It is-- It means that we've exceeded a level 2TyKODJcDv0-01344-00692815-00693445 where there may be risk for the adverse effects. 2TyKODJcDv0-01345-00693445-00693822 >> Marietta Robinson: And we want to keep it as low as possible as our-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01346-00693822-00694212 in making decisions about these phthalates, right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01347-00694212-00694391 >> Michael Babich: Well, yeah. 2TyKODJcDv0-01348-00694391-00695058 Yes, although certainly, if you're at or near one, 2TyKODJcDv0-01349-00695058-00695734 you may not be as worried, you know, lower is better. 2TyKODJcDv0-01350-00695734-00696452 >> Marietta Robinson: There are additional chemicals other than phthalates 2TyKODJcDv0-01351-00696452-00697154 as I understand it that we are exposed to that are also antiandrogenic, is that right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01352-00697154-00697196 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01353-00697196-00697559 >> Marietta Robinson: And those contribute to our overall exposure? 2TyKODJcDv0-01354-00697559-00697701 >> Michael Babich: Yes. 2TyKODJcDv0-01355-00697701-00698118 >> Marietta Robinson: And that, as I understand, that was not included by CHAP 2TyKODJcDv0-01356-00698118-00698373 in the Hazard Index, only phthalates, right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01357-00698373-00698644 >> Michael Babich: Well, for a couple of reasons. 2TyKODJcDv0-01358-00698644-00699209 One, it's not-- wasn't part of their mandate, but also because of the availability 2TyKODJcDv0-01359-00699209-00699749 of data even though, you know, NHANES measures some of these compounds. 2TyKODJcDv0-01360-00699749-00700257 They're not necessarily in the same people where they're measuring phthalates. 2TyKODJcDv0-01361-00700257-00700692 And they're not-- some of these compounds aren't measured in NHANES. 2TyKODJcDv0-01362-00700692-00701237 So the CHAP assessed that as best as they could. 2TyKODJcDv0-01363-00701237-00701448 >> Marietta Robinson: And assessed-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01364-00701448-00701971 >> Michael Babich: And what they said was that at the very least, 2TyKODJcDv0-01365-00701971-00702523 it has a small effect of increasing the hazard index. 2TyKODJcDv0-01366-00702523-00703071 As a worse case, it might double the percentage of people 2TyKODJcDv0-01367-00703071-00703498 who would have a Hazard Index greater than 1. 2TyKODJcDv0-01368-00703498-00703976 >> Marietta Robinson: And as I understand that in your discussion and your materials 2TyKODJcDv0-01369-00703976-00704579 and the staff's materials about the Hazard Index and the approach that CHAP took 2TyKODJcDv0-01370-00704579-00705279 that their calculations were actually conservative in terms of erring 2TyKODJcDv0-01371-00705279-00705532 of the side of underestimating the exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-01372-00705532-00705684 Is that right? 2TyKODJcDv0-01373-00705684-00705968 >> Michael Babich: Well that's-- something like that. 2TyKODJcDv0-01374-00705968-00706619 I think they were more accurate than the alternative approach. 2TyKODJcDv0-01375-00706619-00706726 >> Marietta Robinson: Which would have-- would. 2TyKODJcDv0-01376-00706726-00706867 >> Michael Babich: Well, yeah. 2TyKODJcDv0-01377-00706867-00707604 What happens is-- the easy way to do this would be to take data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01378-00707604-00708022 The NHANES publishes summary data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01379-00708022-00708595 You get average, standard deviations, and percentile values for each phthalate. 2TyKODJcDv0-01380-00708595-00709416 And a previous risk assessment looked at the summary data which means that you get a-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01381-00709416-00709930 you look at the effects of each phthalate separately. 2TyKODJcDv0-01382-00709930-00710648 And then when you try to add them up, the problem is it works OK for the average exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-01383-00710648-00711274 But when you get out to the tails to the 95th percentile level, 2TyKODJcDv0-01384-00711274-00711761 what you're really doing is adding up 95th percentile. 2TyKODJcDv0-01385-00711761-00712054 It's not the 95 percentile Hazard Index. 2TyKODJcDv0-01386-00712054-00712527 It becomes the 95th percentile with a 95th of the 95th. 2TyKODJcDv0-01387-00712527-00713389 So you're sort of compounding risks that aren't really there and, you know, 2TyKODJcDv0-01388-00713389-00714533 this is something that the government as a whole has been criticized for very much in the past. 2TyKODJcDv0-01389-00714533-00715515 I supposed not entirely called for in some cases that, you know, there's statutory requirements, 2TyKODJcDv0-01390-00715515-00715754 want to know the absolute highest exposure. 2TyKODJcDv0-01391-00715754-00716345 But the point is it's been a point of contention and-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01392-00716345-00717135 but the only way to accurately assess this is to do with the CHAP did is to look at-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01393-00717135-00717510 calculate a Hazard Index for each individual. 2TyKODJcDv0-01394-00717510-00718061 And then, you know, instead of starting with the average doing calculations, 2TyKODJcDv0-01395-00718061-00718648 you do the calculations for everybody and then you do the averaging and analyzing. 2TyKODJcDv0-01396-00718648-00718977 It's a lot more work, but it's the right way to do it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01397-00718977-00719382 >> Marietta Robinson: So what I want to do, I'm going to try to summarize 2TyKODJcDv0-01398-00719382-00719622 that simply and see if I do this accurately. 2TyKODJcDv0-01399-00719622-00720080 If the alternative approach to what the CHAP did was used 2TyKODJcDv0-01400-00720080-00720536 that the result would have been an overestimation of the 95th percentile. 2TyKODJcDv0-01401-00720536-00720581 Is that fair? 2TyKODJcDv0-01402-00720581-00720637 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01403-00720637-00721112 >> Marietta Robinson: And so the approach that CHAP took, if anything errs on the side 2TyKODJcDv0-01404-00721112-00721312 of underestimating, is that fair? 2TyKODJcDv0-01405-00721312-00722004 >> Michael Babich: Well, its-- it was intended to be as accurate as possible. 2TyKODJcDv0-01406-00722004-00722222 >> Marietta Robinson: But it doesn't err on the side of overestimating? 2TyKODJcDv0-01407-00722222-00722311 It's the other way? 2TyKODJcDv0-01408-00722311-00722325 >> Michael Babich: No. 2TyKODJcDv0-01409-00722325-00722393 >> Marietta Robinson: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01410-00722393-00722430 Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01411-00722430-00722609 At this point, I have nothing further to [inaudible]. 2TyKODJcDv0-01412-00722609-00722707 >> Elliot Kaye: Thank you, Ms. Robinson. 2TyKODJcDv0-01413-00722707-00722783 Commissioner Buerkle. 2TyKODJcDv0-01414-00722783-00722971 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: Thank you Mr. Chair. 2TyKODJcDv0-01415-00722971-00723364 I want to comment that when Commissioner Kaye, 2TyKODJcDv0-01416-00723364-00723615 Chairman Kaye left the room, he left me in charge. 2TyKODJcDv0-01417-00723615-00723736 >> Elliot Kaye: You did great. 2TyKODJcDv0-01418-00723736-00724541 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: I want-- I didn't get quite enough done that I was hoping to get done. 2TyKODJcDv0-01419-00724541-00724893 >> Elliot Kaye: Well, you already called me Commissioner Kaye, so I see something changed. 2TyKODJcDv0-01420-00724893-00725037 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: There's many coo. 2TyKODJcDv0-01421-00725037-00725499 Well, I'm-- I have a couple of more questions for Dr. Babich 2TyKODJcDv0-01422-00725499-00726040 and I certainly appreciate the length of this hearing and the difficulty of it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01423-00726040-00726301 So we'll get through this. 2TyKODJcDv0-01424-00726301-00726527 We can-- to be done. 2TyKODJcDv0-01425-00726527-00726968 And I want to get something get clarified. 2TyKODJcDv0-01426-00726968-00727213 In my previous round of questionings, 2TyKODJcDv0-01427-00727213-00727865 you mentioned that the CHAP only used the '05-'06 data and not the other. 2TyKODJcDv0-01428-00727865-00728454 Did our staff looked at the more recent data or did they strictly used what the CHAP used? 2TyKODJcDv0-01429-00728454-00729093 >> Michael Babich: The staff looked at the most recent data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01430-00729093-00729507 We've seen the-- some of the-- well, 2TyKODJcDv0-01431-00729507-00729856 we've seen the submissions, the comments on the CHAP report. 2TyKODJcDv0-01432-00729856-00730358 And we've also looked at publications relating to the latest data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01433-00730358-00731477 And informally spoken to colleagues about what these data might mean. 2TyKODJcDv0-01434-00731477-00732542 We of course have not yet done a detailed analysis of the data ourselves. 2TyKODJcDv0-01435-00732542-00732714 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: And just to clarify. 2TyKODJcDv0-01436-00732714-00733448 When you say the most recent data even the last '11-'12-- 2011 and 2012, that data as well? 2TyKODJcDv0-01437-00733448-00733457 >> Michael Babich: Right. 2TyKODJcDv0-01438-00733457-00733907 The data that were released, I guess it was late last year. 2TyKODJcDv0-01439-00733907-00734014 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01440-00734014-00734604 Does our health sciences staff have not only the expertise, but do they have the resources 2TyKODJcDv0-01441-00734604-00734999 to derive on the exposure from the NHANES data? 2TyKODJcDv0-01442-00734999-00735504 >> Michael Babich: Well, I think that it would take a significant effort 2TyKODJcDv0-01443-00735504-00736073 and it would involve not just health sciences, but probably the director 2TyKODJcDv0-01444-00736073-00736569 for epidemiology for help with the data analysis. 2TyKODJcDv0-01445-00736569-00736934 And, you know, it's something that could be done. 2TyKODJcDv0-01446-00736934-00737505 But it's not a-- you know, a Saturday afternoon project. 2TyKODJcDv0-01447-00737505-00737875 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: Any idea of how long it would take? 2TyKODJcDv0-01448-00737875-00738344 >> Michael Babich: We haven't set down and tried to figure that out. 2TyKODJcDv0-01449-00738344-00739015 You know, the NHANES, it's a very complex data structure and you have 2TyKODJcDv0-01450-00739015-00739569 to make sure you understand that before you-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01451-00739569-00740226 you know, the NHANES, what the different data means and so on, 2TyKODJcDv0-01452-00740226-00740516 it's a kind of an arcane subject. 2TyKODJcDv0-01453-00740516-00741069 So it would take some work to just to gear up to do that. 2TyKODJcDv0-01454-00741069-00741543 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: How would the staff-- could they or would they consider viewing 2TyKODJcDv0-01455-00741543-00742143 or reviewing outsider-- outside analysis with the exposure estimates? 2TyKODJcDv0-01456-00742143-00742277 Would they-- and how would they approach it? 2TyKODJcDv0-01457-00742277-00742549 Would they redo it? 2TyKODJcDv0-01458-00742549-00742693 Would they spot check it? 2TyKODJcDv0-01459-00742693-00742872 Would they replicate it? 2TyKODJcDv0-01460-00742872-00743411 How would they go about doing that? 2TyKODJcDv0-01461-00743411-00743573 >> Michael Babich: And I think that we would-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01462-00743573-00744214 that, you know, the specifics of how we would approach this, we haven't worked out yet. 2TyKODJcDv0-01463-00744214-00744559 We've certainly talked about it in, you know, 2TyKODJcDv0-01464-00744559-00745202 I raised the issue way back when those data were released. 2TyKODJcDv0-01465-00745202-00745674 And, you know, the answer maybe all of the above. 2TyKODJcDv0-01466-00745674-00746195 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: There has been enough a lot of talk about statute today. 2TyKODJcDv0-01467-00746195-00746803 And so I'll just throw in my two cents about the statute and what Congress directed us-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01468-00746803-00747443 directed the CHAP to do and this if of concern to me in CPSIA. 2TyKODJcDv0-01469-00747443-00748020 It says review all relevant data including the most recent best available peer reviewed 2TyKODJcDv0-01470-00748020-00748187 scientific studies. 2TyKODJcDv0-01471-00748187-00748940 And so I see a bit of a gap there on the part of the CHAP report and that primarily my-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01472-00748940-00749500 the reason why I brought up this timeline today and talking about what data was used 2TyKODJcDv0-01473-00749500-00749720 because I don't believe they've used the most recent data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01474-00749720-00751116 I wanted-- just one other question for now and that is with regards to the '09-'10 data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01475-00751116-00751177 Are you-- no. 2TyKODJcDv0-01476-00751177-00751400 And earlier and I guess, I should clarify this. 2TyKODJcDv0-01477-00751400-00752050 You're saying that reasonable risk would be less than-- unreasonable-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01478-00752050-00752478 reasonable risk of safety would be less than 1. 2TyKODJcDv0-01479-00752478-00752631 >> Michael Babich: Well, I'm saying that-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01480-00752631-00753481 you would at the very least need to have a Hazard Index no greater than 1. 2TyKODJcDv0-01481-00753481-00753574 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01482-00753574-00753920 And so, has anyone plugged in? 2TyKODJcDv0-01483-00753920-00754250 And are you aware that if you put that '09-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01484-00754250-00754962 excuse me, the most recent data and that's the '11-'12 data into-- you put that into the-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01485-00754962-00755799 and use exact methodology that the CHAP used that that Hazard Index would be below 1? 2TyKODJcDv0-01486-00755799-00756053 >> Michael Babich: You know, we have not done that. 2TyKODJcDv0-01487-00756053-00756749 We have seen comments of people who have reanalyzed the data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01488-00756749-00756964 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: Would you agree that that's a critical piece 2TyKODJcDv0-01489-00756964-00757507 of any analysis that's being done with regards to rule-making? 2TyKODJcDv0-01490-00757507-00758446 >> Michael Babich: It's a-- If it would change the conclusions and that's something 2TyKODJcDv0-01491-00758446-00759052 that we will obviously address during the public comment period 2TyKODJcDv0-01492-00759052-00759448 and we will consider the public comments, 2TyKODJcDv0-01493-00759448-00760069 we will consider any new data that become available. 2TyKODJcDv0-01494-00760069-00760117 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01495-00760117-00760330 And I'm finished with my questions for now. 2TyKODJcDv0-01496-00760330-00760378 Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01497-00760378-00760509 >> Elliot Kaye: Thank you, Commissioner Buerkle. 2TyKODJcDv0-01498-00760509-00760618 Commissioner Mohorovic. 2TyKODJcDv0-01499-00760618-00760746 >> Joseph Mohorovic: Thank you Mr. Chairman. 2TyKODJcDv0-01500-00760746-00760952 And thank you panel. 2TyKODJcDv0-01501-00760952-00761571 I have a question again about-- well, one confirmation actually with regards 2TyKODJcDv0-01502-00761571-00762304 to the threshold that's been established for the reasonable certainty of no harm in determining, 2TyKODJcDv0-01503-00762304-00762783 continuing the interm ban on DINP that recommendation 2TyKODJcDv0-01504-00762783-00763147 and reviewing the other recommendations based on those some comment. 2TyKODJcDv0-01505-00763147-00763549 Is there-- It's dated in the package here, and again, you just mentioned it 2TyKODJcDv0-01506-00763549-00764060 that there would need to be a Hazard Index of less than 1, 2TyKODJcDv0-01507-00764060-00764428 needed to ensure a reasonable certainty of no harm. 2TyKODJcDv0-01508-00764428-00765059 Is there any reason to believe that the stuff has less faith in the methodology 2TyKODJcDv0-01509-00765059-00765383 that they concurred with in first reviewing the CHAP? 2TyKODJcDv0-01510-00765383-00765951 What I'm wondering is, is there any chance that somebody looking at this might think it's a Lucy 2TyKODJcDv0-01511-00765951-00766407 with the football in the old Peanuts cartoon, where we said we like the methodology but then 2TyKODJcDv0-01512-00766407-00766833 when the numbers changed, we move to a different methodology to make the case. 2TyKODJcDv0-01513-00766833-00767671 Is there any reason to believe that that hazard index methodology won't be used to-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01514-00767671-00768218 in consideration of the notice and comments to confirm or change the recommendation 2TyKODJcDv0-01515-00768218-00768704 to CPSC to continue the ban on DINP? 2TyKODJcDv0-01516-00768995-00769834 >> Michael Babich: Well, the-- I mean, we're not changing the methodology of the risk assessment. 2TyKODJcDv0-01517-00769834-00770847 And unless in the unlikely event that suddenly some new methods become available, 2TyKODJcDv0-01518-00770847-00771884 as far as the interpretation of the Hazard Index, there is the issue of-- what is the-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01519-00771884-00772316 what does the Hazard Index represent. 2TyKODJcDv0-01520-00772316-00773177 Obviously, Hazard Index greater than 1 means that they're may be at risk. 2TyKODJcDv0-01521-00773177-00773974 There's also the part in this statute about the-- what is it? 2TyKODJcDv0-01522-00773974-00774452 The adequate factors? 2TyKODJcDv0-01523-00774452-00774569 >> Joseph Mohorovic: Adequate margin of safety. 2TyKODJcDv0-01524-00774569-00775051 >> Michael Babich: Adequate margin of safety as to what exactly that means. 2TyKODJcDv0-01525-00775051-00775827 [ Pause ] 2TyKODJcDv0-01526-00775827-00776013 >> Joseph Mohorovic: Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01527-00776013-00776768 In-- When the staff determined-- and the staffs making their determination, 2TyKODJcDv0-01528-00776768-00777472 they chose not to rerun the numbers on the subsequent NHANES data, why not? 2TyKODJcDv0-01529-00777472-00777889 I mean, I don't ask to-- I don't ask you 2TyKODJcDv0-01530-00777889-00778562 to explain why the CHAP ignored two subsequent data sets from the same-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01531-00778562-00779269 you know, the same apples to apples-- same apples to apples data set produce the same way. 2TyKODJcDv0-01532-00779269-00779818 I don't expect you to be able to rationalize why the CHAP ignored those two subsequent data sets. 2TyKODJcDv0-01533-00779818-00780176 But in-- are staff making a recommendation? 2TyKODJcDv0-01534-00780176-00780666 They were clearly aware of those data sets as well as two subsequent data sets, yet, 2TyKODJcDv0-01535-00780666-00781138 came to the conclusion felt confident enough to make a determination to the Commission 2TyKODJcDv0-01536-00781138-00781572 and recommend that we make a determination to continue the interim ban 2TyKODJcDv0-01537-00781572-00782162 without considering how the subsequent exposure data might change the outcome 2TyKODJcDv0-01538-00782162-00782601 on the critical factor which has been defined to identify whether 2TyKODJcDv0-01539-00782601-00782879 or not there's been a reasonable certainty of no harm. 2TyKODJcDv0-01540-00782879-00783158 You mentioned that the staff considered it and rejected it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01541-00783158-00783353 Can you explain a little bit more? 2TyKODJcDv0-01542-00783353-00783828 It seems contrary to a lot of the thinking that I see around here, 2TyKODJcDv0-01543-00783828-00784233 where the staff would absolutely want to always take full advantage 2TyKODJcDv0-01544-00784233-00784806 of the most recent data regardless how that might change in outcome? 2TyKODJcDv0-01545-00785349-00786027 >> Michael Babich: The-- You know, the data were released at a time when the CHAP report, 2TyKODJcDv0-01546-00786027-00786241 obviously, was nearing completion. 2TyKODJcDv0-01547-00786241-00786436 We were aware of the data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01548-00786436-00786849 We looked at the data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01549-00786849-00787484 We saw public comments, we saw-- comments later, saw comments coming in. 2TyKODJcDv0-01550-00787484-00787674 We saw publications of the data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01551-00787674-00788102 What they all suggest is something of a tradeoff is 2TyKODJcDv0-01552-00788102-00788748 that some phthalates going down, others going up. 2TyKODJcDv0-01553-00788748-00789516 For one thing, it's not immediately clear that that would affect the risk significantly. 2TyKODJcDv0-01554-00789516-00790164 The other consideration was that the CPSIA requires-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01555-00790164-00790746 required the CHAP to do the risk assessment and required a risk assessment 2TyKODJcDv0-01556-00790746-00791242 or the rule to be based on the CHAP report. 2TyKODJcDv0-01557-00791242-00792410 And so, it was decided that-- the time to do any additional work would be-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01558-00792410-00792969 or we wouldn't do any additional work at least until the NPR is published. 2TyKODJcDv0-01559-00792969-00793352 >> Joseph Mohorovic: Dr. Babich, I appreciate completely that this is not a factor, 2TyKODJcDv0-01560-00793352-00793790 a simple of changing a couple of variables in the computer and the calculator 2TyKODJcDv0-01561-00793790-00793977 and now pops the new risk assessment. 2TyKODJcDv0-01562-00793977-00794155 I fully appreciate that. 2TyKODJcDv0-01563-00794155-00794739 But in determining that, we won't have time to make those critical calculations. 2TyKODJcDv0-01564-00794739-00795334 Was that based on timeframes that were provided by leadership either 2TyKODJcDv0-01565-00795334-00795846 in the executive director's office in terms of when a staff report was to be produced and then, 2TyKODJcDv0-01566-00795846-00796267 therefore, we-- the staff had determined, we just don't have the time to get it done, 2TyKODJcDv0-01567-00796267-00796619 to get it packaged, to meet the briefing time, to have hearing, 2TyKODJcDv0-01568-00796619-00796952 so we have to make a recommendation on what we've got right now. 2TyKODJcDv0-01569-00796952-00797481 Did the timeframe impact the decision not to run the data or the staff figured, 2TyKODJcDv0-01570-00797481-00797957 we just don't want to run the new data and are confident enough to make that determination 2TyKODJcDv0-01571-00797957-00798106 on continuing the interim ban on DINP? 2TyKODJcDv0-01572-00798106-00798324 >> Michael Babich: No. 2TyKODJcDv0-01573-00798324-00798516 The timing had nothing to do with it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01574-00798516-00799180 It was the process, the steps of it's got to be based on the CHAP report 2TyKODJcDv0-01575-00799180-00799730 and is it going to make any difference anyway? 2TyKODJcDv0-01576-00799730-00799847 We'll deal with it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01577-00799847-00800463 We were advised to address it as part of the public comment period. 2TyKODJcDv0-01578-00800463-00800598 >> Joseph Mohorovic" I appreciate it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01579-00800598-00800696 Thank you, Dr. Babich. 2TyKODJcDv0-01580-00800696-00800767 Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 2TyKODJcDv0-01581-00800767-00800906 Nothing further from me. 2TyKODJcDv0-01582-00800906-00801019 >> Elliot Kaye: Thank you, Commissioner Mohorovic. 2TyKODJcDv0-01583-00801019-00801548 I just want to continue on along the same line of questioning that both Commissioner Buerkle 2TyKODJcDv0-01584-00801548-00801764 and Commissioner Mohorovic have raised. 2TyKODJcDv0-01585-00801764-00802066 And I want to go back to the language on the statute from Section 108 2TyKODJcDv0-01586-00802066-00802493 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act that Commissioner Buerkle quoted from. 2TyKODJcDv0-01587-00802493-00802832 And I think the keyword is "review" all relevant data. 2TyKODJcDv0-01588-00802832-00802961 The word is "review." 2TyKODJcDv0-01589-00802961-00803309 Do I have it right, Dr. Babich? 2TyKODJcDv0-01590-00803309-00803540 I'm referring to the very helpful chart. 2TyKODJcDv0-01591-00803540-00803899 Thank you to Commissioner Buerkle and Kathleen [inaudible] staff. 2TyKODJcDv0-01592-00803899-00804020 It was wonderful. 2TyKODJcDv0-01593-00804020-00804848 Do I have it right that the CHAP primarily relied on the 2005-2006 NHANCE data set 2TyKODJcDv0-01594-00804848-00805281 that was there baseline data set for the work in the CHAP report. 2TyKODJcDv0-01595-00805281-00805364 Is that correct? 2TyKODJcDv0-01596-00805364-00805396 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01597-00805396-00805733 >> Elliot Kaye: And then as they were moving along and as the process was going along, 2TyKODJcDv0-01598-00805733-00806310 the NHANES data from the '07-'08 was issued, the '09-'10 was issued. 2TyKODJcDv0-01599-00806310-00806439 They were aware of it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01600-00806439-00806669 If I heard you correctly, they considered it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01601-00806669-00806875 They reviewed it. 2TyKODJcDv0-01602-00806875-00807238 They did not believe it changed even with fluctuations 2TyKODJcDv0-01603-00807238-00807459 that did not identify any particular trend 2TyKODJcDv0-01604-00807459-00807890 and it did not change their ultimate conclusions, is that correct? 2TyKODJcDv0-01605-00807890-00808345 >> Michael Babich: This is what-- Some of the CHAP members, I mean, this is what they do. 2TyKODJcDv0-01606-00808345-00808671 They know when it's coming out because they know the people 2TyKODJcDv0-01607-00808671-00808956 who produce the data and all of these. 2TyKODJcDv0-01608-00808956-00809905 So, they are very much aware of when the next data set is coming out and so on. 2TyKODJcDv0-01609-00809905-00810546 And, you know, the report, of course, was essentially done at that point. 2TyKODJcDv0-01610-00810546-00811316 Yes, the CHAP considered they reviewed all the data during the entire process. 2TyKODJcDv0-01611-00811316-00811808 Of course this last set, it was too late to put anything in the report. 2TyKODJcDv0-01612-00811808-00812171 It already been peer reviewed and so on. 2TyKODJcDv0-01613-00812171-00812981 However, just informally, they, you know, 2TyKODJcDv0-01614-00812981-00813755 doubted whether it would make any change to their recommendations. 2TyKODJcDv0-01615-00813755-00814289 >> Elliot Kaye: But clearly, prior to the release of the '11-'12 NHANES data set, 2TyKODJcDv0-01616-00814289-00814529 do I have it right that the CHAP reviewed-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01617-00814529-00815073 at least reviewed all of the prior released NHANES data set? 2TyKODJcDv0-01618-00815073-00815119 >> Michael Babich: Yes. 2TyKODJcDv0-01619-00815119-00815414 >> Elliot Kaye: From '05-'06 through '09-'10? 2TyKODJcDv0-01620-00815414-00815453 >> Michael Babich: Right. 2TyKODJcDv0-01621-00815453-00815479 >> Elliot Kaye: All right. 2TyKODJcDv0-01622-00815479-00815910 So the only data set that we're talking about is the '11-'12 data set. 2TyKODJcDv0-01623-00815910-00815925 >> Michael Babich: Yes. 2TyKODJcDv0-01624-00815925-00816347 >> Elliot Kaye: And that's the data set that should the Commission issue the NPR 2TyKODJcDv0-01625-00816347-00816820 as I mentioned at the beginning, pointed to the direct staff to include and consider its views 2TyKODJcDv0-01626-00816820-00817050 on that data set as part of the final package. 2TyKODJcDv0-01627-00817050-00817307 So I think we should focus on the data set. 2TyKODJcDv0-01628-00817307-00817785 That was not-- it sounds like not really available as we have all acknowledged. 2TyKODJcDv0-01629-00817785-00817924 There has to be a cutoff. 2TyKODJcDv0-01630-00817924-00818339 And the CHAP made the reasonable cutoff and its own estimation and then again the according 2TyKODJcDv0-01631-00818339-00818702 to Commissioner Buerkle's chart, this data set came out after the fact. 2TyKODJcDv0-01632-00818702-00819100 The other thing I want to touch on goes to the time and the Commissioner Mohorovic mentioned 2TyKODJcDv0-01633-00819100-00819357 and I think it is an important factor to consider 2TyKODJcDv0-01634-00819357-00819690 that Congress is part of the statutory scheme. 2TyKODJcDv0-01635-00819690-00820403 Directed the Commission to promulgate a final rule, 180 days upon received or after received 2TyKODJcDv0-01636-00820403-00820941 of the CHAP report and I believe that that is approximately mid-January based 2TyKODJcDv0-01637-00820941-00821127 to when we receive the CHAP report. 2TyKODJcDv0-01638-00821127-00821329 So we're clearly not going to make that. 2TyKODJcDv0-01639-00821329-00821561 But the fact that we're probably not going to make that, 2TyKODJcDv0-01640-00821561-00822040 it doesn't mean that we shouldn't endeavor to follow the law and try to get it done as quickly 2TyKODJcDv0-01641-00822040-00822629 as possible recognizing that we have to put in the requisite scientific and technical work 2TyKODJcDv0-01642-00822629-00822808 and make sure that it's done properly. 2TyKODJcDv0-01643-00822808-00822926 Commissioner Adler? 2TyKODJcDv0-01644-00822926-00823112 >> Robert Adler: Just a quick observation. 2TyKODJcDv0-01645-00823112-00823457 And just to at least to help me put it in context. 2TyKODJcDv0-01646-00823457-00823856 One of the things I like about this agency is we are creature statute. 2TyKODJcDv0-01647-00823856-00823967 We follow our stature. 2TyKODJcDv0-01648-00823967-00824216 We are also data driven agency. 2TyKODJcDv0-01649-00824216-00824749 And so what we're doing is applying a specific concrete set 2TyKODJcDv0-01650-00824749-00825133 of standards that were implemented in CPSIA. 2TyKODJcDv0-01651-00825133-00825354 That's the standard that governs our judgment. 2TyKODJcDv0-01652-00825354-00825635 And I think that's the standard that you're applying. 2TyKODJcDv0-01653-00825635-00826084 The other point I would make is that because we're data driven, 2TyKODJcDv0-01654-00826084-00826459 I do not sense any preconceived notion on the staff's part 2TyKODJcDv0-01655-00826459-00826885 about any outcome that must be followed. 2TyKODJcDv0-01656-00826885-00827404 And so if we get new data or if we get new analysis that changes the staff thinking, 2TyKODJcDv0-01657-00827404-00827773 the staff's thinking will change and I for one am delighted 2TyKODJcDv0-01658-00827773-00828156 to follow whatever the data-- wherever the data lead this. 2TyKODJcDv0-01659-00828156-00828441 And so I just want to make that as an observation and the thing 2TyKODJcDv0-01660-00828441-00828973 that makes me very comfortable is the fact that the staff will be analyzing any submissions 2TyKODJcDv0-01661-00828973-00829129 and I know there are going to be submissions. 2TyKODJcDv0-01662-00829129-00829361 We've already had submissions with respect 2TyKODJcDv0-01663-00829361-00829689 to both the CHAP report and the staff recommendation. 2TyKODJcDv0-01664-00829689-00830126 I guess I'd also want to thank you once again for a really, really, 2TyKODJcDv0-01665-00830126-00830458 outstanding presentation, all of the staff. 2TyKODJcDv0-01666-00830458-00830702 This is really one of the finest reports 2TyKODJcDv0-01667-00830702-00831024 and presentations I've seen and I really want to thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01668-00831024-00831216 >> Elliot Kaye: Commissioner Robinson? 2TyKODJcDv0-01669-00831336-00831769 >> Marietta Robinson: Dr. Babich, I want to turn attention to another type of data 2TyKODJcDv0-01670-00831769-00832420 that I believe you referred to in response to questions by Commissioner Adler. 2TyKODJcDv0-01671-00832420-00832994 You said that since the CHAP report and please correct me if I misunderstood. 2TyKODJcDv0-01672-00832994-00833454 I thought you said that since the CHAP report, there is even more data with respect 2TyKODJcDv0-01673-00833454-00833973 to the antiandrogenic effects of DINP, did I understand that correctly? 2TyKODJcDv0-01674-00833973-00834012 >> Michael Babich: Correct. 2TyKODJcDv0-01675-00834012-00834429 >> Marietta Robinson: Could you just describe that generally, that new data? 2TyKODJcDv0-01676-00834429-00835092 >> Michael Babich: Well, there are-- there are a constitute-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01677-00835092-00835884 stream of new data that had been published since the CHAP report was completed since they, 2TyKODJcDv0-01678-00835884-00836092 you know, their literature cutoff day. 2TyKODJcDv0-01679-00836092-00836332 And we do our best to keep abreast of this. 2TyKODJcDv0-01680-00836332-00837435 And at least one study comes to mind conforming that DINP is antiandrogenic that these kinds 2TyKODJcDv0-01681-00837435-00838506 of effects were seen in mice which was something of a point of contention because most 2TyKODJcDv0-01682-00838506-00838903 of the data on phthalates are in rats. 2TyKODJcDv0-01683-00838903-00839704 And there was, you know, a concern about the lack of data in other species. 2TyKODJcDv0-01684-00839704-00840236 So we have that data, there are new epidemiological studies that are-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01685-00840236-00841009 have been published that continue define the associations between phthalates exposures 2TyKODJcDv0-01686-00841009-00841568 in humans and in the adverse health effects. 2TyKODJcDv0-01687-00841568-00842896 So, you know, there's new data coming out all the time, the challenge is to assess, you know, 2TyKODJcDv0-01688-00842896-00843524 whether or when there is enough new data that it would affect the assessment. 2TyKODJcDv0-01689-00843524-00843571 >> Marietta Robinson: Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01690-00843571-00844135 And again I just want to thank the staff as the other commissioners have for this superb job. 2TyKODJcDv0-01691-00844135-00844170 Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01692-00844170-00844477 You help us do our jobs well. 2TyKODJcDv0-01693-00844477-00844559 >> Elliot Kaye: Commissioner Buerkle? 2TyKODJcDv0-01694-00844559-00844708 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01695-00844708-00845361 I just have a couple of questions about the peer review. 2TyKODJcDv0-01696-00845361-00846195 The peer reviewers of the CHAP, they identified problems with the draft but the-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01697-00846195-00846815 and in the final report that came from the CHAP, those issues that they raised weren't addressed. 2TyKODJcDv0-01698-00846815-00847333 And so I'm wondering that the CHAP disagree with those suggestions and concerns 2TyKODJcDv0-01699-00847333-00847878 or is there an explanation why they agreed or disagreed with them somewhere and how-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01700-00847878-00848150 would we be able to review those comments? 2TyKODJcDv0-01701-00848150-00848632 >> Michael Babich: Well, I mean, could you be a little more specific? 2TyKODJcDv0-01702-00848632-00849903 I think that the overall-- I think the comments from the peer reviewers were glowing. 2TyKODJcDv0-01703-00849903-00850404 I mean, I wish anything I wrote, you know, got such glowing review, so. 2TyKODJcDv0-01704-00850532-00850823 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: There were questions and we will get you to specifics 2TyKODJcDv0-01705-00850823-00851219 but there are questions about the cumulative risk and the use of that the fact 2TyKODJcDv0-01706-00851219-00851566 that there was a system-- systematic process followed. 2TyKODJcDv0-01707-00851566-00851792 So we'll get you this-- the questions. 2TyKODJcDv0-01708-00851792-00851884 And-- 2TyKODJcDv0-01709-00851884-00851942 >> Michael Babich: OK. 2TyKODJcDv0-01710-00851942-00852518 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: Does the staff have any plans to deal 2TyKODJcDv0-01711-00852518-00852990 with those comments or the peer review comments? 2TyKODJcDv0-01712-00852990-00853226 >> Michael Babich: Well, you know, the peer review comments were 2TyKODJcDv0-01713-00853226-00853692 for the benefit of the-- of the CHAP. 2TyKODJcDv0-01714-00853692-00854262 They did respond to those comments and they did make revisions to their report. 2TyKODJcDv0-01715-00854262-00854681 They, in fact, took those comments to heart. 2TyKODJcDv0-01716-00854681-00855557 You know, there are always comments that say well, gee, 2TyKODJcDv0-01717-00855557-00856045 you should have done this-this and so on. 2TyKODJcDv0-01718-00856045-00856504 And yeah, a couple of years and a couple of million dollars, we might be able to do that. 2TyKODJcDv0-01719-00856504-00856751 But would it affect the answer? 2TyKODJcDv0-01720-00856751-00857409 But, you know, beyond that, those comments were for the CHAP. 2TyKODJcDv0-01721-00857409-00858051 Whatever comes in during the public comment process, we-- the staff will respond to. 2TyKODJcDv0-01722-00858051-00858198 >> Ann Marie Buerkle: Thank you Dr. Babich. 2TyKODJcDv0-01723-00858198-00858529 And thank you to all the panelist today and for the staff, 2TyKODJcDv0-01724-00858529-00858849 for an incredibly complex package and for all your hard work. 2TyKODJcDv0-01725-00858849-00858993 Thank you. 2TyKODJcDv0-01726-00858993-00859244 >> Elliot Kaye: Commissioner Mohorovic? 2TyKODJcDv0-01727-00859244-00859283 Excellent. 2TyKODJcDv0-01728-00859283-00859557 Thank you commissioners, thank you to the staff, thank you for those 2TyKODJcDv0-01729-00859557-00859739 in attendance and viewing online. 2TyKODJcDv0-01730-00859739-00860241 This concludes this public meeting of the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. 2VSIOlGHQfE-00000-00000525-00001126 Good morning, mr, master, maestro or simply 2VSIOlGHQfE-00001-00001126-00001526 oooooooooooooooooor 2VSIOlGHQfE-00002-00001526-00001891 simply David, yes, David, David, why not, David, David, David Lynch? 2VSIOlGHQfE-00003-00001891-00002902 It's May 8th, 2023 and it's a Monday. 2VSIOlGHQfE-00004-00002902-00004485 Here in Naples a totally white-grey cloudy sky, the opposite of the last 4-5 days unfortunately 2VSIOlGHQfE-00005-00004485-00005228 but very still right now even if with a slight rain, a slight rain in this moment, 2VSIOlGHQfE-00006-00005228-00006045 64.4 fahrenheit 18 celsius and this means that it's that day really, really, really, 2VSIOlGHQfE-00007-00006045-00006162 really soft 2VSIOlGHQfE-00008-00006162-00006650 like in these days and in this period, yes but in general we can't complain, less or 2VSIOlGHQfE-00009-00006650-00006806 more the 2VSIOlGHQfE-00010-00006806-00007238 degrees are the same less or more of these days, 3-4 less, but ver bad for the atmosphere 2VSIOlGHQfE-00011-00007238-00008203 even if in a few moments briefly I add some other few things on this. 2VSIOlGHQfE-00012-00008203-00009093 Being already afternoon I think that the temperature at this point is this, 64.4 fahrenheit 18 2VSIOlGHQfE-00013-00009093-00009520 celsius but the really important thing with this atmosphere is that, as I anticipated 2VSIOlGHQfE-00014-00009520-00010214 just before, today we have this 2VSIOlGHQfE-00015-00010214-00010885 yes, as you see now and I repeat a totally white-grey cloudy sky and I think later will 2VSIOlGHQfE-00016-00010885-00010985 be more 2VSIOlGHQfE-00017-00010985-00011747 dark unfortunately and also that could rain more heavy because in this moment there's a slight rain. 2VSIOlGHQfE-00018-00011834-00012137 Bad. So said this: 2VSIOlGHQfE-00019-00012137-00012487 so from the mythical window with the new gray courtain as you know since November 1st, 2022 2VSIOlGHQfE-00020-00012487-00012824 and also with these beautifully painted wavy branches 2VSIOlGHQfE-00021-00012824-00013684 and as regards the window its green roller shooter not visible in this period and in fact here in the shot 2VSIOlGHQfE-00023-00016790-00017370 and finally from my mythical Keyboard Yamaha DGX640 YPG-625 2VSIOlGHQfE-00024-00017669-00017936 have a great day him, all the people who follow the channel and the Reports, yes really a 2VSIOlGHQfE-00025-00017936-00018234 greeting to everyone, also to my brother, to the last 2VSIOlGHQfE-00026-00018234-00018733 subscribers and finally I hope you all have a great breakfast. 2VSIOlGHQfE-00027-00018733-00019529 Today fortunately I'll do it as soon, I'm really hungry and as we always say: 2VSIOlGHQfE-00028-00019629-00020815 Breakfast is always one of the most beautiful things in life and in the world, absolutely. 2VSIOlGHQfE-00029-00020912-00021253 I'll see you in the Today's UFO Plate is...? 2VSIOlGHQfE-00030-00021253-00021759 video (if I don't die) because as you know it's a Monday. 2VSIOlGHQfE-00031-00021759-00022182 "Today's UFO Plate is...?" 2XQImU-Fhdy-00000-00000024-00000463 it's been a hot hour since my last upload, because i wanted to stop making videos for a little while. 2XQImU-Fhdy-00001-00000463-00001080 i just wanted to take a break, and it was three comment sections that i should say. i can't 2XQImU-Fhdy-00002-00001080-00001584 always be uploading videos every 30 minutes, or so and that's also all 30 of my notifications done. 2bvHlk0VpRk-00000-00000000-00000688 [English subtitles by Carlos Sanchez] 2bvHlk0VpRk-00001-00001872-00002037 So how are you gonna beat her? 2bvHlk0VpRk-00002-00002037-00002206 Well, it's a work in progress 2bvHlk0VpRk-00003-00002209-00002544 but I was thinking about just punching and kicking in her general direction. 2bvHlk0VpRk-00004-00002545-00002763 Guess the same way you'd beat anyone really! 2bvHlk0VpRk-00005-00002763-00002867 But Marty? 2bvHlk0VpRk-00006-00002869-00003225 You uh, don't ever beat anyone. 2bvHlk0VpRk-00007-00003283-00003529 Hey, don't count me out just yet! 2bvHlk0VpRk-00008-00003578-00003778 Try to avoid getting punched and kicked! 2bvHlk0VpRk-00009-00004052-00004161 Are you ready? 2bvHlk0VpRk-00010-00004161-00004387 Yeah, I guess so. How's this going down? 2bvHlk0VpRk-00011-00004414-00004915 This is your final test. Your objective is a simple one: 2bvHlk0VpRk-00012-00004920-00005224 Defeat me in one-on-one combat. 2bvHlk0VpRk-00013-00005241-00005601 I will not hold back, and neither should you. 2bvHlk0VpRk-00014-00005601-00005884 Okay, seems simple enough! Let's do this. 2bvHlk0VpRk-00015-00006465-00006668 You can do this Marty! 2bvHlk0VpRk-00016-00010105-00010436 Surely you're capable of more than this?! 2bvHlk0VpRk-00017-00010436-00010644 You haven't seen anything yet! 2bvHlk0VpRk-00018-00012070-00012129 Wait what?! 2bvHlk0VpRk-00019-00012129-00012274 We're using Ether?! 2bvHlk0VpRk-00020-00012274-00012597 I told you, there is no holding back. 2bvHlk0VpRk-00021-00013519-00013717 Alright, round two! 2df4DvNJYyu-00000-00019823-00020023 www.claudediamond.com 2dkn0UCpkEk-00000-00001091-00001203 Right now at Mudam, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00001-00001203-00001432 we have two presentations of the collection, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00002-00001432-00001748 composed solely of works belonging to the museum. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00003-00001748-00001996 These exhibitions are quite complementary, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00004-00001996-00002335 if you want to understand how you can exhibit works 2dkn0UCpkEk-00005-00002335-00002523 that belong to the museum. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00006-00002523-00002935 The first exhibition gathers donations and long-term loans, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00007-00002935-00003220 made very recently to the museum. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00008-00003220-00003371 What's interesting here is that 2dkn0UCpkEk-00009-00003371-00003524 we have extremely varied pieces, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00010-00003524-00003739 with artists of different generations 2dkn0UCpkEk-00011-00003739-00004124 who at one point, strengthen the works we already have. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00012-00004124-00004579 There are works by French artists such as Daniel Buren, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00013-00004579-00004788 an artist we've worked with before, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00014-00004788-00005360 or well known artists in Luxembourg, like Michel Majerus. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00015-00005360-00005556 It also allows to open up the collection 2dkn0UCpkEk-00016-00005556-00005767 to artists like Lorna Simpson, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00017-00005767-00006456 who works around the idea of both feminine and African-American clichés. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00018-00006456-00006643 This piece is particularly interesting. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00019-00006643-00006851 We have a series of photographs: 2dkn0UCpkEk-00020-00006851-00007207 we see a woman from the back, difficult to identify. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00021-00007207-00007620 The only way to finally perceive her identity 2dkn0UCpkEk-00022-00007620-00007904 is how she arranged her hairstyle. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00023-00007904-00008128 And we all know very well that the appearance, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00024-00008128-00008568 the way we dress, the way we play with clichés, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00025-00008568-00008912 will also send signals about our belonging and identity. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00026-00008912-00009379 So the artist, in a rather subtle and remarkable way, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00027-00009379-00009631 is showing this whole mechanism. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00028-00009631-00009904 And then we have other artists like Wim Delvoye who, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00029-00009904-00010364 with a lot of humour, is interested in the reversal of works. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00030-00010364-00010807 In this case, he decided to work on an extremely popular material, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00031-00010807-00011420 gas canisters, which once were used every day in our kitchens. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00032-00011420-00011856 And he decorates them in the Flemish decorative painting style 2dkn0UCpkEk-00033-00011856-00012028 of the 17th century 2dkn0UCpkEk-00034-00012028-00012668 which recalls a very refined and sophisticated tradition, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00035-00012668-00013428 in total contradiction with this extremely trivial object of everyday life. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00036-00013428-00013691 We have here a varied set of works, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00037-00013691-00014108 allowing you to discover paintings, sculptures, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00038-00014108-00014363 but also a new generation of artists. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00039-00014363-00014640 I'm thinking, more specifically, about Sondra Perry, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00040-00014640-00014984 who presents a video installation, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00041-00014984-00015515 composed of heterogeneous elements. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00042-00015515-00015952 From there she will unwind the thread of what identity is: 2dkn0UCpkEk-00043-00015952-00016408 The individual identity, how it can exist in the real world 2dkn0UCpkEk-00044-00016408-00016643 and on digital media. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00045-00016643-00016847 But also the cultural identity. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00046-00016847-00017263 She is a young American woman of African descent. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00047-00017263-00017656 And she walks around various museums, encyclopedic museums, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00048-00017656-00017928 such as the Metropolitan Museum, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00049-00017928-00018196 presenting art collections from all over the world. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00050-00018196-00018687 She wonders about the value of these "non-Western" collections. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00051-00018687-00019059 And the way how all these objects ended in Western museums, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00052-00019059-00019380 how they have been moved from their country of origin, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00053-00019380-00019543 from where they were produced. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00054-00019543-00019791 Which, in a way, made them lose value: 2dkn0UCpkEk-00055-00019791-00020028 their original usage and symbolic value. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00056-00020028-00020543 With an extremely contemporary vocabulary, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00057-00020543-00020843 whether it's video, sampling, collage, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00058-00020843-00021252 she addresses the question of identity more broadly, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00059-00021252-00021587 an issue that affects all of us today. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00060-00021587-00021963 The other exhibition, complementary to this one, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00061-00021963-00022419 is a thematic exhibition entitled "Worlds in Motion". 2dkn0UCpkEk-00062-00022419-00022631 The notion of movement 2dkn0UCpkEk-00063-00022631-00022856 is really paramount throughout the history of art. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00064-00022856-00023180 It is something that has concerned many artists. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00065-00023180-00023468 What we were interested in, was to see how, today, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00066-00023468-00023708 through different techniques, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00067-00023708-00024215 artists introduce movement literally into their works. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00068-00024215-00024412 We have the work of Žilvinas Kempinas, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00069-00024412-00024668 which is really something aerial: 2dkn0UCpkEk-00070-00024668-00024987 it makes a magnetic tape fly through space. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00071-00024987-00025336 Or Conrad Shawcross. In his work, in a similar way, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00072-00025336-00025636 thanks to a relatively simple system – 2dkn0UCpkEk-00073-00025636-00025963 a metal cage with holes that form patterns –, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00074-00025963-00026387 a lamp, circulating inside the cage, suddenly projects and, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00075-00026387-00026687 in a way, extends the space in which we are. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00076-00026687-00027031 And it seems like it's no longer the visitor 2dkn0UCpkEk-00077-00027031-00027248 that is moving but, on the contrary, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00078-00027248-00027500 that the surrounding space somehow "slips under our feet". 2dkn0UCpkEk-00079-00027500-00027807 These are really extremely physical approaches to movement. 2dkn0UCpkEk-00080-00028407-00028780 All these artistic approaches complement each other, 2dkn0UCpkEk-00081-00028780-00029475 and capture various ways artists have taken up the theme of movement. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00000-00000032-00000352 Hour 0 April 25, 1986. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00001-00000352-00000919 Chernobyl power plant, located about 2 miles (3km) from Pripyat, a small town in northern Ukraine. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00002-00000919-00001440 At just before midnight the engineer-mechanic Alexander Yuvchenko clocks on for his nightshift, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00003-00001440-00001872 a shift that will go down on record as one of the most controversial few hours in history, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00004-00001872-00002104 creating a panic that will take over the planet. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00005-00002104-00002488 The mood among the workers is joyful. It’s a beautiful night after a sunny day 2ioHb-v_5zc-00006-00002488-00002952 and the May Day holiday is just around the corner. At home sleeping in his small apartment is his 2ioHb-v_5zc-00007-00002952-00003528 wife Natasha, and his two-year-old son, Kirill. The family is well taken of, and although Natasha 2ioHb-v_5zc-00008-00003528-00003968 has some misgivings about the safety of nuclear power, only recently those fears were diminished 2ioHb-v_5zc-00009-00003968-00004464 when she heard a Soviet official on TV saying nuclear meltdowns just don’t happen, or, if they 2ioHb-v_5zc-00010-00004464-00005048 do, he said there might be one every 10,000 years. In just over 24 hours from now, people who Natasha 2ioHb-v_5zc-00011-00005048-00005496 knows will be out in the street looking into the sky at a dazzling laser beam shooting up to the 2ioHb-v_5zc-00012-00005496-00005936 stars. At exactly the same time, her husband will be in a party of four men who are exposed 2ioHb-v_5zc-00013-00005936-00006536 to deadly amounts of radiation after being sent to assess damage at Chernobyl’s reactor number 4. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00014-00006536-00007040 Three of them will die in excruciating pain, their bodies destroyed from within. Alexander 2ioHb-v_5zc-00015-00007040-00007520 will survive because he doesn’t enter the reactor hall but only holds a door for his friends. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00016-00007520-00007936 The arm and leg and shoulder that he uses will later turn black. He’ll tell Natasha 2ioHb-v_5zc-00017-00007936-00008336 with what he thinks could be his dying words that he’s been turned into a mutant. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00018-00008336-00008816 Alexander will see things the communist government will want to keep secret. Death by radiation is 2ioHb-v_5zc-00019-00008816-00009208 a monstrous thing to behold and the Chernobyl power plant disaster will be one of the most 2ioHb-v_5zc-00020-00009208-00009680 monstrous events in world history. At the heart of the matter is a design flaw that the Soviets 2ioHb-v_5zc-00021-00009680-00010240 will not want to admit. What the capitalists can do, they can do just as well, or so they think. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00022-00010240-00010608 One thing you don’t want at a nuclear power station is a total shutdown. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00023-00010608-00010984 If that happens, things can heat up, and if an explosion follows, what you 2ioHb-v_5zc-00024-00010984-00011520 have is a massive leakage of deadly radiation. So, every reactor at Chernobyl has three backup 2ioHb-v_5zc-00025-00011520-00012016 diesel generators that will kick in if power is suddenly lost. The problem is that it takes 60 to 2ioHb-v_5zc-00026-00012016-00012520 75 seconds for them to fully power the coolant pumps. The theory, and it is only a theory, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00027-00012520-00012936 is that the slowing turbines after being turned off will create enough electrical power 2ioHb-v_5zc-00028-00012936-00013456 to keep the pumps running during that gap before the generators are running at full capacity. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00029-00013456-00013960 To know if this works, they need to do some tests. The first came in 1982 and it wasn’t 2ioHb-v_5zc-00030-00013960-00014519 successful. They tried again in 1984 and again the results weren’t good. Then they tried in 1985, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00031-00014519-00015008 and yet again, a message was sent back to Moscow saying things hadn’t gone as planned. This was not 2ioHb-v_5zc-00032-00015008-00015600 what the bigwigs wanted to hear, and they made that known. The pressure was on…excuse the pun. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00033-00015600-00016088 The realtor has already been slowed down to run at about 25 percent of its normal power. Importantly, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00034-00016088-00016536 the reactor’s emergency core cooling system has been disabled so it doesn’t get in the way 2ioHb-v_5zc-00035-00016536-00016904 of seeing if the turbines can power the generators. More importantly, some of the 2ioHb-v_5zc-00036-00016904-00017440 nightshift workers that have arrived haven’t been properly briefed about the test. The reason is the 2ioHb-v_5zc-00037-00017440-00017856 test should have happened on the day shift, but there was a power outage earlier in the day at 2ioHb-v_5zc-00038-00017856-00018352 a coal plant, so Chernobyl had to keep running at full power to give people their electricity. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00039-00018352-00018840 To fully appreciate this story, you need to know how we get electricity from a nuclear power plant, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00040-00018840-00019392 so here we’ll give you the very basics in laymans terms. Inside the reactor, neutrons split uranium 2ioHb-v_5zc-00041-00019392-00019856 atoms, and that makes more neutrons. They split more atoms, and we have more neutrons, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00042-00019856-00020312 and on and on and on. This is called a chain reaction, and it produces a crapload of heat. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00043-00020312-00020784 You harness that heat and make it turn water into steam, and the steam runs those turbines 2ioHb-v_5zc-00044-00020784-00021208 we’ve already talked about. As they move all this energy becomes electricity that 2ioHb-v_5zc-00045-00021208-00021784 ensures people like Natasha can cook, clean, eat, see, watch TV, and stay warm in winter. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00046-00021784-00022168 All that heat and energy, of course, can be a bit unstable so you have to have control 2ioHb-v_5zc-00047-00022168-00022688 mechanisms to make sure there isn’t an overload. If not, the chain reactions would just keep going, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00048-00022688-00023184 becoming highly dangerous. Control rods are the things used to slow down the chain reactions. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00049-00023184-00023616 These are a bunch of rods that can be inserted into the reactor in different numbers or different 2ioHb-v_5zc-00050-00023616-00024040 lengths allowing the nuclear technicians to control the rate of the nuclear chain reaction. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00051-00024040-00024488 They’re made out of special materials that can absorb neutrons, so if all does suddenly go to 2ioHb-v_5zc-00052-00024488-00025136 hell, you will hope those rods can come and save the day. No one at Chernobyl doubts their safety, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00053-00025136-00025552 or at least the less experienced operators don’t. Hour 1 2ioHb-v_5zc-00054-00025552-00025968 Now you know the night shift isn’t properly prepared for the test and it might be their 2ioHb-v_5zc-00055-00025968-00026512 fault that the power out of the plant falls too much at 28 minutes past midnight on April 26. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00056-00026512-00026927 They try to increase power, but something is wrong. They’ve never seen this before. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00057-00026927-00027248 This is partly because there’s been a build-up of Xenon during the test. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00058-00027248-00027688 You don’t need to know what Xenon is, and to be frank, it’s too complicated to fully explain, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00059-00027688-00028144 but when there is a build-up of the stuff it can cause Xenon poisoning. Xenon would usually burn 2ioHb-v_5zc-00060-00028144-00028632 away when the reactor is at full power, but the slow down has caused the build-up and the build-up 2ioHb-v_5zc-00061-00028632-00029136 has caused a further slowdown. This is not good. It’s because of this overabundance of Xenon 2ioHb-v_5zc-00062-00029136-00029592 that even when the guys take most of the control rods out, 200 from 206, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00063-00029592-00030095 they still can’t get enough power. As you know, by taking out the rods, they should get more power 2ioHb-v_5zc-00064-00030095-00030583 since the nuclear reaction isn’t hampered. Doing this, though, can be pretty dangerous. In fact, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00065-00030583-00031016 they shouldn’t be doing this in the first place. A young operator gets on the phone and asks, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00066-00031016-00031416 “‘What shall I do? In the program, there are instructions of what to do, and then a lot 2ioHb-v_5zc-00067-00031416-00031872 of things are crossed out.” The guy on the other end pauses and then says, “Follow the crossed-out 2ioHb-v_5zc-00068-00031872-00032072 instructions.” Hour 2 2ioHb-v_5zc-00069-00032072-00032464 At around 1.05 am, they have the power stabilized, although the reactor is running 2ioHb-v_5zc-00070-00032464-00032976 well below what the shift supervisor, Anatoly Dyatlov, thinks is ideal. One day he’ll lie 2ioHb-v_5zc-00071-00032976-00033440 and say he wasn’t in the room when mistakes were made, but he was. Don’t forget his name. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00072-00033440-00033736 The reactor is certainly running at less power than is safe for a test, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00073-00033736-00034184 but they carry on anyway on the orders of Dyatlov. He doesn’t want a black mark against 2ioHb-v_5zc-00074-00034184-00034760 his name in the form of another failed test. At 1.24 and four seconds, the test really starts, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00075-00034760-00035120 meaning they are going to simulate a power outage and as we have explained, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00076-00035120-00035600 see if the slowing turbines can power the coolant pumps before the generators can turn on. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00077-00035600-00036088 This is when all hell breaks loose. What happens is a sudden and massive increase in power. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00078-00036088-00036472 It’s dangerously high, and this is now very serious. So serious, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00079-00036472-00036992 that someone hits the SCRAM button. At Chernobyl, this was the AZ-5 button. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00080-00036992-00037432 It’s an emergency off-switch, which makes all of the control rods drop down to stop the nuclear 2ioHb-v_5zc-00081-00037432-00038000 reactions. This is a big mistake, and one which exposes one of a few design flaws at Chernobyl. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00082-00038000-00038424 The rods have a graphite tip, which in short actually increases the reaction rate, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00083-00038424-00038896 not the opposite, as is wanted. The boron in the rods reduces reactivity, but 2ioHb-v_5zc-00084-00038896-00039440 not those tips. As so many rods hit the reactor at the same time there is a huge surge in reactivity. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00085-00039440-00039944 The operators don’t know what they have done. The graphite tips are fixed in position and the heat 2ioHb-v_5zc-00086-00039944-00040400 creates a massive amount of hot steam, in effect, a bomb. The operators are not 2ioHb-v_5zc-00087-00040400-00040872 aware of this or they wouldn’t have dropped the rods into a reactor already surging with power. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00088-00040872-00041256 The man in the reactor hall watches this as it happens and is shocked to see those 2ioHb-v_5zc-00089-00041256-00041776 200 rods and their caps, each weighing 772 pounds (350 kg), jumping up and down 2ioHb-v_5zc-00090-00041776-00042184 within the reactor lid. It’s as if they are being pushed by the power of a God. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00091-00042184-00042520 The output of the reactor is now at ten times the power it should be. And 2ioHb-v_5zc-00092-00042520-00043096 that’s it. BANG. The bomb goes off. The world will never be the same again after this moment. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00093-00043096-00043472 The explosion causes the reactor’s steel lid, weighing about 10,000 2ioHb-v_5zc-00094-00043472-00044112 tons (2,000 medium-sized male African elephants) to fly off and go straight through the roof. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00095-00044112-00044536 Shortly after, there’s another big explosion, likely down to a build-up of hydrogen from 2ioHb-v_5zc-00096-00044536-00045016 zirconium-steam reactions. Bits of radioactive materials and fuel are sent everywhere. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00097-00045016-00045464 Fires rage and the core is exposed to the world. Right now, it’s not obvious to most 2ioHb-v_5zc-00098-00045464-00045816 of the men in the plant what is happening. They all think the reactor is still intact, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00099-00045816-00046424 only because reactors normally don’t just blow up. The roof is destroyed. The floor is in pieces. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00100-00046424-00046888 Radioactive materials are lying about everywhere. The air is filled with clouds of dust, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00101-00046888-00047200 pieces of radioactive graphite are flung great distances, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00102-00047200-00047736 and radiation is now spilling into the atmosphere. To say this is bad would be putting it lightly. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00103-00047736-00048240 Soon a few men will know this, but the one that knows it best will be too dead to tell the story. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00104-00048240-00048640 Right now, Alexander is in a state of shock. Just a moment ago, he was in his office with 2ioHb-v_5zc-00105-00048640-00049016 some colleagues reading some documents but now everything around them now is shuddering, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00106-00049016-00049368 on the brink of what feels like imminent collapse. His first thought is this is 2ioHb-v_5zc-00107-00049368-00049856 war. The USA has attacked us! He’s not alone in thinking this. What else could have happened? 2ioHb-v_5zc-00108-00049856-00050240 The phone rings. It’s the guys from building number three. “Bring some stretchers,” they 2ioHb-v_5zc-00109-00050240-00050680 shout over the noise. Alexander takes off down some dark corridors in search of the men 2ioHb-v_5zc-00110-00050680-00051136 he knows are the closest to the explosion site. As he gets closer to a deafening hissing sound, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00111-00051136-00051591 he finds his buddy. His face is horribly disfigured, so much so that he only knows who 2ioHb-v_5zc-00112-00051591-00052055 it is when he hears the sound of his voice. More people are injured, the guy tells Alexander. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00113-00052055-00052560 He then meets with Yuri Tregub, who’s come from control room number 4. He tells Alexander 2ioHb-v_5zc-00114-00052560-00053008 that Deatlov has asked for the emergency high-pressure coolant water to flood the area. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00115-00053008-00053440 Deatlov still doesn’t know that the reactor has blown and he won’t even believe it when he’s told. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00116-00053496-00053960 Now waste deep in water, Alexander and a few other men try to get to the coolant taps, but through 2ioHb-v_5zc-00117-00053960-00054464 a door, they see that the giant water containers have been blown apart. All the men are terrified. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00118-00054464-00054864 This is worse than they thought. Alexander looks around at what’s left of the room and 2ioHb-v_5zc-00119-00054864-00055408 sees his colleague Khodemchuk on the floor, dead. He then looks up at the roof, or where the roof 2ioHb-v_5zc-00120-00055408-00055879 was, and he sees something magical. A great beam of light is reaching to the heavens. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00121-00055879-00056455 It’s magnificent and beautiful, and as things now stand, Alexander is not aware of how deadly it is. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00122-00056455-00056872 For a few seconds, he just stares at what he doesn’t know are gamma rays and neutrons. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00123-00056872-00057248 A more experienced colleague who knows what it is grabs him by the shoulder and pulls 2ioHb-v_5zc-00124-00057248-00057736 him away. He likely saves his life doing so. Alexander sets off to control room number four 2ioHb-v_5zc-00125-00057736-00058136 and there he meets three other guys who’ve been ordered by Deatlov to go to the reactor 2ioHb-v_5zc-00126-00058136-00058744 hall and lower the control rods by hand. This is madness, sheer madness. Alexander screams, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00127-00058744-00059216 “There is no reactor hall. The reactor has blown up. There are no control rods. They’ve 2ioHb-v_5zc-00128-00059216-00059767 blown up, too. There’s nothing left but space.” The guys think he’s crazy. Reactors don’t explode. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00129-00059767-00060200 Alexander has to admit that what he’s seen, he’s seen only from the bottom floor. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00130-00060200-00060576 The men tell him they need to assess the damage from above to really know what’s happened. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00131-00060576-00061008 The four of them head to the reactor hall upper floor. Little do they know that this is a journey 2ioHb-v_5zc-00132-00061008-00061464 to the end of the night, for three of them anyway. As you know, Alexander only survives 2ioHb-v_5zc-00133-00061464-00061904 because he’s the one that holds the door, being the strongest of the four. When the guys come out, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00134-00061904-00062288 they say nothing can be done. They look at Alexander and tell him he’s right. They say 2ioHb-v_5zc-00135-00062288-00062800 the reactor hall now looks like a volcano crater. They understand that radiation levels are high, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00136-00062800-00063255 of course, they do, it’s their job, but they don’t know just how high. They look at the radiation 2ioHb-v_5zc-00137-00063255-00063752 level reader device they have, the dosimeter, and the needle is off the scales, but they 2ioHb-v_5zc-00138-00063752-00064200 still don’t know how bad things are because what is happening is just so unprecedented. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00139-00064200-00064632 It’s still only just after 1.55 but the firefighters are already outside on the 2ioHb-v_5zc-00140-00064632-00065096 scene. They too don’t have much of an idea of the gravity of the situation, and when they start to 2ioHb-v_5zc-00141-00065096-00065512 try and put out the fires that have started in various places, they are not even wearing 2ioHb-v_5zc-00142-00065512-00066000 protective clothing. Some of them will die in agony very soon. Others will pass away in a month, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00143-00066000-00066528 their immune systems destroyed by the radiation. Back in Piryrat, most people are in bed asleep, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00144-00066528-00066920 although a few people are now standing outside, mesmerized by the ethereal beam 2ioHb-v_5zc-00145-00066920-00067376 in the sky that they don't know is caused by irradiated air. They just think it looks cool. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00146-00067376-00067816 In years to come, stories told in the West will say there was a large group of them on a bridge, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00147-00067816-00068208 watching radioactive blue dust fall like snowflakes. This will be called “The Bridge 2ioHb-v_5zc-00148-00068208-00068704 of Death.” The stories will say they all died, but none of that is true. There was no Bridge 2ioHb-v_5zc-00149-00068704-00069152 of Death. Most people were asleep at the time. In the end, most people who actually were close 2ioHb-v_5zc-00150-00069152-00069632 to the accident, recovered, with just 20 percent of those who suffered acute radiation poisoning 2ioHb-v_5zc-00151-00069632-00070056 biting the dust. As you’ll see again in this show, it sometimes pays not to believe everything 2ioHb-v_5zc-00152-00070056-00070424 you see on TV or in the newspapers. If you don’t know, the way radiation 2ioHb-v_5zc-00153-00070424-00070848 poisoning works on the body is it takes out electrons from atoms in a person’s molecules, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00154-00070848-00071216 destroying the chemical bonds and thus damaging tissue. We don’t need to tell 2ioHb-v_5zc-00155-00071216-00071584 you that this isn’t good for a person. In short, after an hour or two, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00156-00071584-00072128 diarrhea and vomiting can occur as tissue in the GI tract breaks down and bacteria is let loose 2ioHb-v_5zc-00157-00072128-00072592 on the body. Bone marrow stops producing white blood cells, and infections can’t be fought, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00158-00072592-00072960 since the person’s immune system is incredibly weak. Without an immune system, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00159-00072960-00073456 your countless bacteria eat you from within. This might take some time, so even though the 2ioHb-v_5zc-00160-00073456-00073880 person is covered in blisters and ulcers, they could start to feel ok after a couple of days, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00161-00073880-00074192 but then a blood infection might lead to deadly sepsis. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00162-00074192-00074640 For some at Chernobyl, even a blood transfusion and bone marrow transplant won’t help them. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00163-00074640-00075168 One of the town’s people is Lyudmila Ignatenko. She’s already awake and has seen the glow. Her 2ioHb-v_5zc-00164-00075168-00075648 husband, Vasily, is currently fighting the fires. The two are due to have a child in two months. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00165-00075648-00076032 Fast-forward a week, and his skin is covered in boils, and when he turns on his pillow 2ioHb-v_5zc-00166-00076032-00076584 he leaves skin and hair behind. The lesions spread and some of his skin now looks like white film. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00167-00076584-00077024 At one point he asks Lyudmila for a mirror but when he sees his own disfigured face he cries 2ioHb-v_5zc-00168-00077024-00077592 out in horror. Vasily will be buried in a zinc casket under cement, his body still radioactive. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00169-00077648-00078016 Lyudmila is lucky she even got to see him. A nurse told her it was too dangerous. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00170-00078016-00078424 She looked at Lyudmila and warned, “If you start crying, I'll kick you out right away. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00171-00078424-00078800 No hugging or kissing. Don't even get near him. You have half an hour.” 2ioHb-v_5zc-00172-00078800-00079248 Lyudmila will have much to say about this in time to come, and she’ll also lose the child. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00173-00079248-00079752 It will be born with congenital heart defects and liver cirrhosis and die after a few hours. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00174-00079752-00080192 Many people will criticize her for this, asking why did she visit her dying husband. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00175-00080192-00080616 The radiation from him contaminated her and the fetus, they’ll say, but you can’t just 2ioHb-v_5zc-00176-00080616-00081048 catch radiation from a cleaned person and there’s no proof this is how the baby died. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00177-00081048-00081488 A falsity that will be talked about for years is that the baby somehow took the radiation 2ioHb-v_5zc-00178-00081488-00082080 and that saved her. This is not scientific at all, but it makes good newspaper copy and great TV. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00179-00082080-00082464 The consequences of this misinformation will mean the lives and lights of hundreds of thousands 2ioHb-v_5zc-00180-00082464-00082936 of babies are put out before they get going. We should say, though, that while seeing her dying 2ioHb-v_5zc-00181-00082936-00083416 husband wasn’t the reason for the baby dying, it was very likely radiation exposure from somewhere 2ioHb-v_5zc-00182-00083416-00083968 else that led to the death. Back in 1986, the nurse that told Lyudmila not to touch her husband 2ioHb-v_5zc-00183-00083968-00084368 couldn’t have known radiation doesn’t spread to people after they’ve been cleaned and are out of 2ioHb-v_5zc-00184-00084368-00084856 their contaminated clothes. It’s not contagious. We should also tell you that a person’s hand 2ioHb-v_5zc-00185-00084856-00085416 can’t suddenly burn when they touch the hand of a contaminated person. That’s TV, not reality. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00186-00085416-00085848 One of the firefighters turns to his friend and jokes, saying, “There must be an incredible amount 2ioHb-v_5zc-00187-00085848-00086288 of radiation here. We’ll be lucky if we’re all still alive in the morning.” As the survivors will 2ioHb-v_5zc-00188-00086288-00086760 later testify, they were never told the reactor was on fire, only that there were regular fires 2ioHb-v_5zc-00189-00086760-00087240 to put out. Some of them kicked the radioactive blocks, even picking them with their hands after 2ioHb-v_5zc-00190-00087240-00087680 they’d doused them. They would never have done any of these things had they known the truth. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00191-00087680-00088008 One of the firefighters who survived explained how little they knew, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00192-00088008-00088456 saying some of his colleagues went up to the roof to work from there. Soberingly, he said, “Then 2ioHb-v_5zc-00193-00088456-00089088 those boys who died went up to the roof—Vashchik, Kolya and others, and Volodya Pravik. They went up 2ioHb-v_5zc-00194-00089088-00089416 the ladder ... and I never saw them again.” Hour 3 2ioHb-v_5zc-00195-00089416-00089840 Local officials have already arrived on the scene to discuss what’s happening. When they’re told, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00196-00089840-00090232 they’re not told the entire truth. That’s because only a handful of people right now 2ioHb-v_5zc-00197-00090232-00090696 truly understand that the reactor has blown up, and some of them are now burned, vomiting, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00198-00090696-00091192 so not in a meeting explaining what they’ve seen. Dyatlov still thinks what he always has, that a 2ioHb-v_5zc-00199-00091192-00091560 water tank has blown up and the radiation currently making some people very sick 2ioHb-v_5zc-00200-00091560-00092032 is from the contaminated water. He just can’t believe the core would blow, even though some 2ioHb-v_5zc-00201-00092032-00092528 people are starting to realise that a water tank blowing up wouldn’t lead to so much destruction. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00202-00092528-00092864 Hour 4 More firemen arrive to help with the fires. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00203-00092864-00093376 The last thing anyone wants is reactor three to set on fire, which is looking like a possibility. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00204-00093376-00093792 It’s soon safely shut down, but reactors 1 and 2 keep going until the next day. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00205-00093792-00094368 Inside reactor 4 is now a molten reactor core; a large graphite and concrete slag that is burning 2ioHb-v_5zc-00206-00094368-00094696 at around 1200 degrees Celsius. Hour 5 2ioHb-v_5zc-00207-00094696-00095136 Another meeting is held, now with experts. Some ask about the high levels of radiation, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00208-00095136-00095552 proffering a theory that the core might have blown. Nonsense, says Dyatlov, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00209-00095552-00095992 even though he’s not far from keeling over himself. A second later, he throws up. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00210-00095992-00096464 A decision is made that no one will leave the town, not yet. Perhaps they can be evacuated in 2ioHb-v_5zc-00211-00096464-00096864 three days. All the phone lines are blocked in case anyone starts spreading rumors, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00212-00096864-00097288 which one official calls “misinformation” that can negatively affect the Soviet Union. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00213-00097288-00097720 Police soon start blocking the roads, just as soldiers pass them on their way in to help with 2ioHb-v_5zc-00214-00097720-00097952 the clean-up job. Hour 7 2ioHb-v_5zc-00215-00097952-00098424 At 6.35 am, most of the fires are out, but by no means does this mean the problems 2ioHb-v_5zc-00216-00098424-00098872 are over. They’re only just beginning. Real horror is taking place inside that reactor. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00217-00098872-00099400 A man who understands this horror is Valery Legasov, the deputy director of the Kurchatov 2ioHb-v_5zc-00218-00099400-00099840 Institute of Atomic Energy and the man that will lead the commission to deal with the accident. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00219-00099840-00100288 He’ll also be the one that testifies during the tribunal, and as you’ll see, he’s the guy 2ioHb-v_5zc-00220-00100288-00100728 that exposes the Soviet Union’s shortcomings when it comes to producing nuclear energy. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00221-00100728-00100880 Hour 8 He’s called 2ioHb-v_5zc-00222-00100880-00101408 on the phone soon he’s at the airport with the man who’ll manage the crisis, Boris Shcherbina. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00223-00101408-00101856 In time, both these men will suffer from radiation poisoning, but for now, they still don’t know 2ioHb-v_5zc-00224-00101856-00102120 exactly what’s happened. Hour 13 2ioHb-v_5zc-00225-00102120-00102600 It’s around midday when they attend a meeting to discuss matters. Legasov already knows about 2ioHb-v_5zc-00226-00102600-00103016 the people in the hospital, suffering from severe radiation burns, so he and others agree 2ioHb-v_5zc-00227-00103016-00103335 the town needs to be evacuated. Hour 30 2ioHb-v_5zc-00228-00103335-00103872 Legasov is driven in an armored personnel carrier to assess the damage for himself. It’s bad, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00229-00103872-00104232 very bad, and he says they have to get that main fire under control or 2ioHb-v_5zc-00230-00104232-00104624 radiation will be taken by the wind for many, many miles. Many parts of Europe, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00231-00104624-00105072 not just Ukraine, are at risk. This is a disaster of unbelievable proportions. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00232-00105072-00105496 It’s agreed that dropping sand and boron on the reactor fire from helicopters might be the 2ioHb-v_5zc-00233-00105496-00105983 best way to go, even though Legasov knows it might not work. They have no choice, he says, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00234-00105983-00106335 something needs to be done right now. The military will need to help with the cleanup, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00235-00106335-00106735 and many men will be expected to risk their lives. These people will become known as the 2ioHb-v_5zc-00236-00106735-00107135 liquidators and many of them will suffer long-term health effects from their work. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00237-00107135-00107328 Hour 33 Shcherbina 2ioHb-v_5zc-00238-00107328-00107783 gets on the phone with Moscow and reports, “We’ve measured the radiation. Prypiat has 2ioHb-v_5zc-00239-00107783-00108200 to be evacuated. Immediately. The station is close by, and it’s emitting radioactive 2ioHb-v_5zc-00240-00108200-00108680 contagion. And people in the city are living it up full blast; weddings are going on.” 2ioHb-v_5zc-00241-00108680-00109200 Levels of radioactivity in the town are rising at an alarming rate. Earlier in the day, the level 2ioHb-v_5zc-00242-00109200-00109888 was between 14-140 milliroentgens per hour, but that has gone up to 180 and 300 milliroentgens, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00243-00109888-00110296 and in areas closer to the plant, 600. 50 milliroentgens or more 2ioHb-v_5zc-00244-00110296-00110672 per year can be dangerous with 400 milliroentgens per year can kill you. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00245-00110672-00111024 The people in that town now have a much higher risk of developing cancer, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00246-00111024-00111400 and they have no idea about this. Still, in parts of the plant, the level reached 2ioHb-v_5zc-00247-00111400-00111992 an astounding 20,000 milliroentgens per hour, and that’s why some men died so soon after exposure. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00248-00111992-00112216 How 36 Sometime in the morning, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00249-00112216-00112720 the first helicopters start dropping the sand and boron on the fire. It’s a perilous job. Getting 2ioHb-v_5zc-00250-00112720-00113104 too close to the hole where the reactor was can lead to acute radiation sickness. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00251-00113104-00113504 It’s dangerous enough anyway, as can be seen when one helicopter collides 2ioHb-v_5zc-00252-00113504-00113840 with a chain and crashes, killing the men onboard. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00253-00113840-00114144 Hour 38 The evacuation begins 2ioHb-v_5zc-00254-00114144-00114640 From speakers all over the town comes a woman’s voice, saying the same thing over and over again. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00255-00114640-00115120 “Attention! Attention! In connection with the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00256-00115120-00115488 unfavorable radiation conditions are developing in the city of Prypiat. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00257-00115488-00115856 In order to ensure complete safety for residents, children first and foremost, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00258-00115856-00116183 it has become necessary to carry out a temporary evacuation.” 2ioHb-v_5zc-00259-00116183-00116600 They are told to take everything with them that is important, including all their personal documents. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00260-00116600-00117000 They don’t know it, but they are never going back to their homes. Just one hour before 2ioHb-v_5zc-00261-00117000-00117464 this announcement, families were enjoying the weekend. In the cafeteria in the shopping mall, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00262-00117464-00117848 kids and their mothers were hanging out and eating ice cream. For them, it was just a normal 2ioHb-v_5zc-00263-00117848-00118344 day. There were kids playing on the bumper cars, then suddenly they were told the ride is over. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00264-00118344-00118568 Now they are taken aback when they hear the speakers say, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00265-00118568-00118959 “Comrades, on leaving your dwellings, please do not forget to close windows, switch off 2ioHb-v_5zc-00266-00118959-00119496 electrical and gas appliances and turn off water taps. Please remain calm, organized, and orderly.” 2ioHb-v_5zc-00267-00119496-00119880 What’s startling is these people have not been told the full story and certainly 2ioHb-v_5zc-00268-00119880-00120256 aren’t given any protective clothing, in spite of the fact that Soviet officials 2ioHb-v_5zc-00269-00120256-00120696 know about the dangerous levels of radiation. So far, they don’t want to cause too much panic, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00270-00120696-00121104 or for the word to get out about the disaster. Hour 42 2ioHb-v_5zc-00271-00121104-00121472 Shcherbina calls Premier Nikolai Ryzhkovand and explains, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00272-00121472-00121856 “There are no people left in Pripyat. There are only dogs running around.” 2ioHb-v_5zc-00273-00121856-00122272 What happens to the mutts, in the end, is awful, but that’s a few days away yet. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00274-00122272-00122592 Shcherbina’s not exactly correct about all the people leaving. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00275-00122592-00123024 Some young folks have hidden so they can stay together in their parents’ apartments and get 2ioHb-v_5zc-00276-00123024-00123592 it on for once with some privacy. They don’t care about some little radiation leak. Old folks, too, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00277-00123592-00124000 have stayed behind, or some of them have. They’re well past the age of moving away and they’re too 2ioHb-v_5zc-00278-00124000-00124544 tough to worry about radiation. Some have lived through wars, famine and Stalin’s reign of terror. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00279-00124544-00124848 Hour 46 116,000 people have 2ioHb-v_5zc-00280-00124848-00125376 left, but about 1,200 have stayed behind, mostly the aged, and many of them women – babushkas as 2ioHb-v_5zc-00281-00125376-00125911 they say in Russian. They have refused to budge, and it’s hard to argue with a stubborn babushka. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00282-00125911-00126424 One woman, Hanna Zavorotnya is given a stern order to leave after she’s been found by a soldier. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00283-00126424-00126744 She looks him square in the face and says, “Shoot us and dig the grave, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00284-00126744-00127135 otherwise we’re staying.” After listening to the soldier explain the danger, she replies, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00285-00127135-00127583 “Radiation doesn’t scare me. Starvation does.” The world still doesn’t know the extent of what’s 2ioHb-v_5zc-00286-00127583-00127983 happened, and you can be sure the Soviet leaders are determined to try and keep matters within a 2ioHb-v_5zc-00287-00127983-00128464 fairly small circle. The KGB is told to stop the “spread of panicky rumors and unreliable 2ioHb-v_5zc-00288-00128464-00128904 information” getting out, although nothing they can do can prevent what happens next. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00289-00128904-00128983 Hour 52 2ioHb-v_5zc-00290-00129040-00129520 The Soviets get word that Sweden has detected radiation and it has been identified as coming 2ioHb-v_5zc-00291-00129520-00130008 from Chernobyl. On top of this, soon the USA will have satellite photos of the disaster. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00292-00130008-00130392 The news carries as fast as the radiation, with presenters all over the world telling 2ioHb-v_5zc-00293-00130392-00130800 people that this major accident, something that’s never happened before on this scale, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00294-00130800-00131240 could mean dangerous radiation being carried from Ukraine to other European countries. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00295-00131240-00131712 As the children of Chernobyl settle into their new surroundings, school kids in Germany are kept home 2ioHb-v_5zc-00296-00131712-00132280 in fear of radiation poisoning. Panic reverberates from North America back to Europe and into Asia. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00297-00132280-00132552 Hour 55 It’s not until the evening 2ioHb-v_5zc-00298-00132552-00132992 that the official news is shown on Russian TV. A report states, “There has been an accident at 2ioHb-v_5zc-00299-00132992-00133400 the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. One of the nuclear reactors was damaged. The effects of 2ioHb-v_5zc-00300-00133400-00133824 the accident are being remedied. Assistance has been provided for any affected people. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00301-00133824-00134264 An investigative commission has been set up.” More Russian news follows, and this time with 2ioHb-v_5zc-00302-00134264-00134736 in-depth discussions. Not surprisingly, experts talk about the Three Mile Island nuclear accident 2ioHb-v_5zc-00303-00134736-00135192 of the USA and some other American nuclear mishaps. What the news doesn’t talk about is 2ioHb-v_5zc-00304-00135192-00135664 what could happen at Chernobyl right now, a new kind of disaster could be in the works. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00305-00135664-00135960 Hour 58 It was thought that the water tanks were empty, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00306-00135960-00136352 which isn’t actually the case. To make things worse, fire hoses have been filling the place 2ioHb-v_5zc-00307-00136352-00136856 with more water. Soviet scientists are now saying that if that smoldering graphite, remember heated 2ioHb-v_5zc-00308-00136856-00137336 to about 1,200 °C (2,190 °F), hits the water, there could be another massive explosion, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00309-00137336-00137808 even bigger than the last one, and that could mean Europe being hit with even more radiation. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00310-00137808-00138272 They don’t know it yet, but it’s highly unlikely this explosion will happen. They think it could, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00311-00138272-00138640 and so tell three men who know the area inside out that they will have to drain 2ioHb-v_5zc-00312-00138640-00139104 the 20,000 tons of water through a sluice gate. These men know that there’s a good chance they 2ioHb-v_5zc-00313-00139104-00139568 might not make it out, and even if they do, they may not live very long after. Hence the name, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00314-00139568-00140136 the Chernobyl Suicide Squad: Alexei Ananenko, Valeri Bezpalov and Boris Baranov. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00315-00140192-00140480 Hour 60 Finding the valves in the dark is 2ioHb-v_5zc-00316-00140480-00140936 like finding a needle in a haystack, but they do it in the end. For them, it is just another day at 2ioHb-v_5zc-00317-00140936-00141440 work. They knew they’d be fired if they didn’t do as asked, and unlike what will be said in years to 2ioHb-v_5zc-00318-00141440-00141912 come, they didn’t get any reward for their work. As we’ve explained, there will be a lot of western 2ioHb-v_5zc-00319-00141912-00142304 misinformation flying about in regard to the Chernobyl disaster. One falsity 2ioHb-v_5zc-00320-00142304-00142752 told time and again is that these men all died shortly after they succeeded in their mission, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00321-00142752-00143256 but they didn’t. They lived long, healthy lives after their time in the darkness of Chernobyl. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00322-00143256-00143488 Hour 66 The Soviet government 2ioHb-v_5zc-00323-00143488-00143888 is now worried that the molten core will burn through the cement and get to the groundwater, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00324-00143888-00144320 thereby contaminating it and spreading radiation into the rest of Ukraine and into Europe, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00325-00144320-00144744 possibly making some places uninhabitable. A mining team is brought in to dig a huge 2ioHb-v_5zc-00326-00144744-00145208 tunnel below the reactor to act as a cooling system. They are given respirators for the work, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00327-00145208-00145520 but it’s hard to breathe with them on. It’s also very hot, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00328-00145520-00145880 but they don’t work naked, as will be told on TV in the future. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00329-00145880-00146328 Again, it’s a big job and risky job for the 400 or so miners. The Soviets don’t 2ioHb-v_5zc-00330-00146328-00146672 have to be too concerned because the core won’t melt through the concrete. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00331-00146672-00147064 Obviously, they don’t know that yet and have to take all precautions. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00332-00147064-00147392 Hour 100 The debris removal starts. At first, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00333-00147392-00147848 the 100 tons of radioactive material is said to be so dangerous that men shouldn’t go near it. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00334-00147848-00148352 They opt to use robots, but most of the robots break as soon as deployed due to the radiation. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00335-00148352-00148792 The liquidators are chosen to do the job, men who are now camping close to the plant. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00336-00148792-00149296 Thousands of them are there, and in time, 600,000 or so of them will help with this clean-up. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00337-00149296-00149672 They’re given protective clothing, but still told they shouldn’t stay on the roof for longer than 2ioHb-v_5zc-00338-00149672-00150120 40–90 seconds since the graphite and other materials up there are about as radiative 2ioHb-v_5zc-00339-00150120-00150568 as you can get. Of the 5,000 men who do the job, some will go up as many as six times, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00340-00150568-00150896 but it’s hard to say how many will have health problems because of it. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00341-00150896-00151096 Alexander, as you know, survives. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00342-00151096-00151456 He’s flown to Moscow. His hair falls out and he finds it hard to breathe. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00343-00151456-00151816 His eyes, nose, and most of his face hurts, but then after a couple of days, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00344-00151816-00152144 he and the other men all start to feel pretty good. As you already know, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00345-00152144-00152544 this doesn’t mean they are good. One day he’s in pain again and he 2ioHb-v_5zc-00346-00152544-00153072 pulls back his bedsheets to see massive ulcers and necrotic skin on his shoulder, hip, and calf, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00347-00153072-00153568 all the bits exposed when he held that door open. He is turning black and feels like he’s a monster, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00348-00153568-00153872 telling himself he looks like some kind of radioactive mutant. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00349-00153872-00154384 Luckily for him, his body accepts the skin grafts, and blood transfusions and bone marrow transplants 2ioHb-v_5zc-00350-00154384-00154872 do the rest. His arm is in really bad shape and will stay in bandages for years. In the hospital, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00351-00154872-00155304 ever so often someone walks in the room and tells him another of his colleagues is dead. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00352-00155304-00155744 One of them first goes blind, and then the infection in his blood finishes him off. For 2ioHb-v_5zc-00353-00155744-00156304 two months, Alexander lies in bed close to death thinking about when it will be his turn to die. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00354-00156304-00156624 He will later be awarded medals for his bravery, but once he’s better, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00355-00156624-00157080 he’ll keep his Chernobyl experience mostly to himself. For many years to come, people in this 2ioHb-v_5zc-00356-00157080-00157544 part of the world will cross the street if they see a Chernobyl survivor walking toward them. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00357-00157544-00157864 These people, not educated about radiation, wrongly assume the 2ioHb-v_5zc-00358-00157864-00158280 survivors are still contaminated. This fear has devesting consequences. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00359-00158736-00159160 Chernobyl, in fact, will make much of the world wrongly over-estimate the dangers of producing 2ioHb-v_5zc-00360-00159160-00159640 nuclear power. This will go on for decades and is still a factor in some people’s minds today 2ioHb-v_5zc-00361-00159640-00160056 when they think about nuclear energy. What or who is to blame for the disaster 2ioHb-v_5zc-00362-00160056-00160384 is the question that the Soviets and many other countries will be asking 2ioHb-v_5zc-00363-00160384-00160912 for some time to come. The investigations at the start will mostly blame human error rather than 2ioHb-v_5zc-00364-00160912-00161456 technical error and pick out a few names to shame and send to prison, such as Mr. Dyatlo. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00365-00161456-00161968 Sure, he messed up a bit, as did others at the plant, but the fault lies in many people, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00366-00161968-00162288 going right up to the top brass in the Communist government. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00367-00162288-00162736 1 year later It's now 1987 and Legasov is very 2ioHb-v_5zc-00368-00162736-00163240 ill from radiation poisoning and is in and out of hospital all the time. He knows he’s going to die, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00369-00163240-00163736 so he records himself on tape telling the whole truth about how and why this disaster happened. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00370-00163736-00164112 Part of the tape goes: “The Chernobyl disaster is an apotheosis, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00371-00164112-00164536 the pinnacle of all the mismanagement that has been carried out for decades in our country… 2ioHb-v_5zc-00372-00164536-00164968 When one looks at the chain of events, why someone acted in this way and another in that way, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00373-00164968-00165368 and so on, it is impossible to point to a single culprit, an initiator of all 2ioHb-v_5zc-00374-00165368-00165832 the unpleasant events that led to the crime. Because it is a chain that links to itself.” 2ioHb-v_5zc-00375-00165832-00166360 He finishes off by warning that as he speaks, the Soviet Union does not have safe nuclear power 2ioHb-v_5zc-00376-00166360-00166848 plants, not because the production of energy is dangerous in itself, but because too many mistakes 2ioHb-v_5zc-00377-00166848-00167312 have been made and too many corners have been cut. He says when you can’t hold the state accountable 2ioHb-v_5zc-00378-00167312-00167608 then the state is broken. 2 years later 2ioHb-v_5zc-00379-00167608-00168176 In 1988, the day after the second anniversary of the accident, he is found dead in his apartment. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00380-00168176-00168584 Shcherbina, who had become a close friend, said, “Valery was too great, I loved him 2ioHb-v_5zc-00381-00168584-00169096 more than all the people I knew, he gave all of himself to work, to Chernobyl. He burnt out.” 2ioHb-v_5zc-00382-00169096-00169664 Of the 237 people that suffered acute radiation sickness, 31 died within a couple of months. The 2ioHb-v_5zc-00383-00169664-00170104 amount of people that died from cancer due to radiation poisoning reached around 4,000, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00384-00170104-00170464 and many more survived cancer. Still, the health effects of the disaster 2ioHb-v_5zc-00385-00170464-00170872 have been argued about for many years. As for reactor 4, it was covered with a 2ioHb-v_5zc-00386-00170872-00171360 giant steel and concrete building called the sarcophagus containment structure. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00387-00171360-00171768 An Exclusion Zone was formed, covering an area of around 1,000 sq. miles (2,600 km2) of 2ioHb-v_5zc-00388-00171768-00172144 Ukraine. Over the years, the town of Pripyat became home to life again, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00389-00172144-00172432 but of the wild animal kind, not the human kind. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00390-00172432-00172664 20 years later As for all those pet 2ioHb-v_5zc-00391-00172664-00173088 dogs and cats, they were killed by special teams not long after the disaster became 2ioHb-v_5zc-00392-00173088-00173544 worldwide knowledge. Some may have survived, though, because in the years to come, dogs in 2ioHb-v_5zc-00393-00173544-00174120 the town will be seen alongside wolves, brown bears, dear, badgers, lynx, bison, and moose. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00394-00174120-00174616 In 20,000 years, the town of Pripyat might be safe again for humans to go and live there. 2ioHb-v_5zc-00395-00174616-00175024 You can visit now, but experts recommend you don’t eat the wild mushrooms or other plants 2ioHb-v_5zc-00396-00175024-00175488 you can find there, and wear something you’re prepared to throw away later. Radiation sucks, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00397-00175488-00175752 but we can’t live without it. Now you need to watch, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00398-00175752-00176128 “What If There Was A Nuclear War Between the US and Russia?” Or, have a look at, 2ioHb-v_5zc-00399-00176128-00176552 “Man Receives Highest Dose of Nuclear Radiation - This Is What Happened To Him.” 2kfYtxtfHrg-00000-00000051-00000307 <font color = "# f1f1f1"> Xin chào và chào mừng bạn trở lại khóa học </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00001-00000332-00000768 <font color = "# c6c6c6"> Trong phần này sẽ xem xét tổng quan về khóa học vì đây là một khóa học rất lớn </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00002-00000819-00001100 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Nhưng nghiêm túc trước khi bắt đầu, chúng ta hãy lùi lại một bước </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00003-00001126-00001203 <font color = "# bcbcbc"> Và để vớ </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00004-00001228-00001280 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Câu hỏi là gì </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00005-00001305-00001587 <font color = "# f2f2f2"> Làm cách nào để chúng ta nhìn máy tính để điều này có thể làm cho nó trở nên khả thi </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00006-00001612-00001664 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Hiệu quả </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00007-00001715-00001817 <font color = "# f4f4f4"> Vì vậy, bạn sẽ cần nó </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00008-00001843-00002048 <font color = "# d7d7d7"> Một ngôn ngữ lập trình đó là cách chúng ta thực sự </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00009-00002099-00002304 <font color = "# c7c7c7"> Cùng với các Đường ống thị giác máy tính của chúng ta </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00010-00002329-00002406 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Thuật toán </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00011-00002432-00003046 <font color = "# d5d5d5"> Vì vậy, chúng tôi sẽ cần ngôn ngữ lập trình rất tốt để thực hiện điều này và ngôn ngữ lập trình tốt nhất hiện nay cho thị giác máy tính </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00012-00003072-00003200 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> chắc chắn là trăn </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00013-00003251-00003353 <font color = "# d8d8d8"> Bây giờ bạn có thể làm gì </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00014-00003404-00003507 <font color = "# eeeeee"> Rất nhiều thứ </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00015-00003532-00003840 <font color = "# 979797"> Tôi đã thảo luận trong khóa học này trong meth lab hoặc cplusplus với Java </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00016-00003891-00004044 <font color = "# f2f2f2"> Alabama TV miễn phí </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00017-00004070-00004300 <font color = "# ebebeb"> Và C plus trên Java </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00018-00004326-00004812 <font color = "# c7c7c7"> Mức độ thấp hơn nhiều và đôi khi là một cơn ác mộng để làm việc theo ý kiến ​​của tôi, ít nhất là so với python </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00019-00004864-00004915 <font color = "# dddddd"> Xà phòng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00020-00004966-00005427 <font color = "# ebebeb"> Python là ngôn ngữ được lựa chọn và lý do cho điều đó, bây giờ tôi sẽ đưa ra thêm một số lý do </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00021-00005478-00005760 <font color = "# e2e2e2"> Là vì ​​nó rất dễ học và dễ tiếp cận </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00022-00005811-00006118 <font color = "# d7d7d7"> Ngôn ngữ ngôn ngữ của trí tuệ nhân tạo của tất cả </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00023-00006144-00006220 <font color = "# 8d8d8d"> Hiện đại </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00024-00006246-00006425 <font color = "# d5d5d5"> Xác định thư viện học tập dốc </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00025-00006451-00006553 <font color = "# e6e6e6"> Giống như pytorch có lều </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00026-00006732-00006809 <font color = "# e0e0e0"> Được xây dựng cơ bản </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00027-00006860-00006963 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Để làm việc với python </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00028-00006988-00007116 <font color = "# a5a5a5"> Python trong tâm trí </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00029-00007142-00007321 <font color = "# b2b2b2"> Trên thực tế, mặc dù họ đã ghi bằng C cộng với </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00030-00007347-00007680 <font color = "# dddddd"> Chúng được thiết kế để hoạt động trong python vì python có rapper </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00031-00007731-00008012 <font color = "# f1f1f1"> Điều đó về cơ bản đã thực thi cplusplus bên dưới </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00032-00008217-00008371 <font color = "# 8d8d8d"> Xe buýt giá rẻ nhất đang hoạt động </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00033-00008448-00008678 <font color = "# eeeeee"> Và opencv có một </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00034-00008704-00008806 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Thư viện Python </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00035-00008832-00009164 <font color = "# dfdfdf"> Đây là những gì sẽ được sử dụng cho kính máy tính cổ điển </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00036-00009369-00009574 <font color = "# f0f0f0"> Khi tôi nói cổ điển là Sư đoàn 1 </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00037-00009600-00009728 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Thực ra tôi đang nói về điều gì </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00038-00009779-00009830 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Chà </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00039-00009907-00010368 <font color = "# f5f5f5"> Về cơ bản, điều này bao gồm tất cả các thuật toán thị giác máy tính không liên quan đến học máy </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00040-00010444-00011008 <font color = "# f8f8f8"> Có rất nhiều kỹ thuật khác nhau Các kỹ thuật toán học mà chúng ta có thể thực hiện như phát hiện Edge </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00041-00011033-00011161 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Thậm chí một số đơn giản </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00042-00011238-00011366 <font color = "# e3e3e3"> Bộ phân loại tầng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00043-00011417-00011571 <font color = "# f4f4f4"> Về cơ bản, ý tôi là bạn đã sử dụng máy học </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00044-00011673-00011929 <font color = "# e0e0e0"> Nhưng có rất nhiều điều chúng ta có thể làm trong opencv </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00045-00011980-00012569 <font color = "# cbcbcb"> Đây được coi là tầm nhìn máy tính cổ điển và nó rất quan trọng đối với kiến ​​thức nền tảng của bạn về </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00046-00012620-00012672 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Thị giác máy tính </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00047-00012902-00012979 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Còn về học sâu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00048-00013004-00013056 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Chà </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00049-00013081-00013235 <font color = "# 9b9b9b"> Nó sẽ không thay đổi kích thước trò chơi </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00050-00013260-00013312 <font color = "# d4d4d4"> Trước </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00051-00013440-00013593 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Vì về cơ bản </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00052-00013644-00014003 <font color = "# f0f0f0"> Tất cả các thuật toán thị giác máy tính cổ điển truyền thống này </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00053-00014054-00014208 <font color = "# e8e8e8"> Họ chỉ có thể giúp chúng tôi cho đến nay </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00054-00014233-00014540 <font color = "# cbcbcb"> Đã làm được rất nhiều điều chúng tôi có thể làm nhưng đó là một số việc chúng tôi không thể làm </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00055-00014566-00014796 <font color = "# cfcfcf"> Và bạn đặt tôi đến những điều khả thi như </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00056-00014847-00015027 <font color = "# e5e5e5"> Phân loại hình ảnh mà chúng tôi đã có </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00057-00015104-00015283 <font color = "# e6e6e6"> Các lớp học khác mà chúng tôi đã từng học </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00058-00015308-00015539 <font color = "# d5d5d5"> Thích những thứ như thậm chí 100 chữ số </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00059-00015590-00015692 <font color = "# bdbdbd"> Cơ bản ngừng hoạt động </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00060-00015769-00015897 <font color = "# f6f6f6"> Thống trị các điểm chuẩn đó </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00061-00015923-00016025 <font color = "# b9b9b9"> 100 chữ số </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00062-00016076-00016332 <font color = "# c3c3c3"> Sau đó, họ muốn những thứ như bộ dữ liệu safaran imagenet với </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00063-00016358-00016435 <font color = "# fefefe"> Năm 2100 </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00064-00016460-00016512 <font color = "# d3d3d3"> Lớp học </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00065-00016614-00016870 <font color = "# bfbfbf"> Học sâu về cơ bản xuất sắc ở những loại </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00066-00016998-00017049 <font color = "# d4d4d4"> Mục tiêu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00067-00017126-00017254 <font color = "# dddddd"> Vậy nếu lý do </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00068-00017280-00017664 <font color = "# b5b5b5"> Bánh pudding béo ngậy hiện đang rất nổi tiếng chủ yếu là do Du lịch </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00069-00017740-00017920 <font color = "# d0d0d0"> Và khi tôi nói rằng đã tắt trong bộ phim cuối cùng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00070-00017945-00018201 <font color = "# b6b6b6"> 10 đến 5 năm sẽ đặc biệt là trong 5 năm qua </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00071-00018252-00018355 <font color = "# 969696"> Kỷ luật nóng cho chúng tôi </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00072-00018380-00018457 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Hiện tượng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00073-00018483-00018662 <font color = "# f4f4f4"> Thành công trong lĩnh vực công nghiệp và </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00074-00018688-00018892 <font color = "# d5d5d5"> Nghiên cứu ứng dụng hàng ngày nữa </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00075-00018918-00019200 <font color = "# dcdcdc"> Và đó là do các thư viện như tensorflow Terrace </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00076-00019251-00019404 <font color = "# cecece"> Ăng-ten được khởi động </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00077-00019456-00019609 <font color = "# b2b2b2"> Về cơ bản cuộc Cách mạng học sâu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00078-00019635-00020096 <font color = "# ededed"> Ngay bây giờ, mặc dù về cơ bản chỉ sử dụng dữ liệu luồng chuyên sâu pytorch </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00079-00020147-00020480 <font color = "# b1b1b1"> Vì vậy, nó có làm cạn kiệt các thư viện nghiệp dư mà chúng tôi có ngay bây giờ không </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00080-00020505-00020684 <font color = "# e5e5e5"> Pytorch do Facebook tạo ra </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00081-00020710-00020838 <font color = "# e3e3e3"> Tensorflow được tạo ra bởi </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00082-00020940-00020992 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Google </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00083-00021017-00021350 <font color = "# 9c9c9c"> Và Charis là Aaliyah ngồi trên dòng chảy căng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00084-00021376-00021836 <font color = "# d6d6d6"> Và Google gần đây đã kết hợp Keras vào tensorflow để làm cho nó nhiều hơn </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00085-00021862-00021990 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Có thể truy cập được theo ý kiến ​​của tôi </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00086-00022016-00022092 <font color = "# d9d9d9"> Dễ lỏng hơn </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00087-00022144-00022425 <font color = "# d7d7d7"> Còn bạn thì sao để có được điều khiển chi tiết mà pytorch </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00088-00022451-00022502 <font color = "# eeeeee"> Văn phòng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00089-00022553-00022707 <font color = "# e5e5e5"> Và lý do chính </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00090-00022732-00022912 <font color = "# cdcdcd"> Tại sao việc đặt một cây gậy trong văn phòng thực sự là </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00091-00022988-00023193 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Gpus hiện có thể truy cập được </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00092-00023244-00023449 <font color = "# d1d1d1"> Và Nvidia gpus nói riêng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00093-00023475-00023654 <font color = "# dcdcdc"> Mặc dù bạn có thể sử dụng MD </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00094-00023680-00024012 <font color = "# b2b2b2"> Con trai của anh ấy là Libras như Vulcan có thể hỗ trợ biểu tượng d </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00095-00024064-00024448 <font color = "# c6c6c6"> Tôi sẽ lên kế hoạch nhưng chủ yếu là 99% sau khi làm sạch xong </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00096-00024473-00024627 <font color = "# dfdfdf"> Trên Nvidia Cuda GPS </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00097-00024652-00024704 <font color = "# a6a6a6"> Lượt xem vào thứ 99 </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00098-00024857-00025088 <font color = "# e0e0e0"> Và đó là vì thư viện Cuda cho phép chúng tôi </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00099-00025164-00025318 <font color = "# b3b3b3"> Học sâu miễn phí không hoạt động </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00100-00025344-00025548 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Nhanh hơn nhiều vì tất cả </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00101-00025600-00025651 <font color = "# ededed"> Cấp mới </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00102-00025676-00025804 <font color = "# 999999"> Bỏ việc đó nếu họ đã làm xong </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00103-00025830-00025958 <font color = "# f7f7f7"> Temeku DeSoto Nhập khẩu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00104-00025983-00026035 <font color = "# e3e3e3"> Thư viện Trung tâm </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00105-00026086-00026163 <font color = "# b8b8b8"> Lập kế hoạch 4D </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00106-00026265-00026470 <font color = "# c3c3c3"> Vì vậy, chúng tôi nhấn vào đây một số ví dụ khác nhau </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00107-00026521-00026623 <font color = "# dbdbdb"> Bạn có Emma de casa </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00108-00026649-00027059 <font color = "# c4c4c4"> Ứng dụng có thể có khả năng phát hiện quang học tốt Những thứ trên thế giới làm suy yếu vượt trội </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00109-00027084-00027212 <font color = "# 9f9f9f"> Thậm chí deepfakes đã </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00110-00027238-00027289 <font color = "# dcdcdc"> Đặc biệt </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00111-00027417-00027596 <font color = "# dadada"> Bạn cũng có thể sử dụng học sâu cho những thứ như </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00112-00027622-00027673 <font color = "# 878787"> Hai hơn </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00113-00027699-00027775 <font color = "# d4d4d4"> Điều hướng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00114-00027852-00028057 <font color = "# f8f8f8"> Bất kỳ dị thường nào trong hình ảnh y tế </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00115-00028108-00028287 <font color = "# ebebeb"> Chuyển </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00116-00028313-00028492 <font color = "# f6f6f6"> Những thứ như ước tính tư thế cơ thể </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00117-00028518-00028697 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Phân đoạn trông đẹp như thế nào </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00118-00028723-00028979 <font color = "# c4c4c4"> Mô hình phân đoạn này có trong cảnh </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00119-00029030-00029132 <font color = "# d6d6d6"> Và đây là những điều </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00120-00029158-00029286 <font color = "# d8d8d8"> Nâng cao hơn </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00121-00029311-00029593 <font color = "# ededed"> Ước tính tư thế cơ thể, chúng ta có thể gặp phải tình trạng lộn xộn xung quanh nhà tù </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00122-00029644-00029798 <font color = "# cfcfcf"> Và có điểm thứ 95 khập khiễng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00123-00029823-00029875 <font color = "# 909090"> Khá tốt </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00124-00030054-00030131 <font color = "# debede"> Đang phát ở đây </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00125-00030259-00030515 <font color = "# c2c2c2"> Vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn tách ra </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00126-00030540-00030771 <font color = "# dadada"> Tùy thuộc vào CV cổ điển là gì </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00127-00030847-00031052 <font color = "# a0a0a0"> Deplaning về cơ bản thích ứng với hình ảnh mới </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00128-00031129-00031180 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Khá tốt </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00129-00031206-00031359 <font color = "# e8e8e8"> Giả sử rằng nó tương tự như rạp hát </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00130-00031462-00031615 <font color = "# e8e8e8"> Hình ảnh máy tính cổ điển </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00131-00031667-00031999 <font color = "# dddddd"> Những thay đổi nhỏ và hình ảnh có thể có tác động tiêu cực lớn vì </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00132-00032051-00032179 <font color = "# dfdfdf"> Về cơ bản, nó đã được mã hóa cứng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00133-00032204-00032486 <font color = "# d5d5d5"> Rất nhiều việc đòi hỏi chúng ta phải nhai đồ thủ công </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00134-00032537-00033075 <font color = "# b9b9b9"> Thuật toán của Wendy không phải là tốt nhất nếu bạn gặp tình huống trong thế giới thực như những gì đang diễn tả </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00135-00033126-00033331 <font color = "# e3e3e3"> Sẽ nổi trội hơn thực sự khi nó được đào tạo về </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00136-00033356-00033484 <font color = "# ebebeb"> Các điều kiện ánh sáng khác nhau </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00137-00033561-00033663 <font color = "# a5a5a5"> Cơ bản về học sâu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00138-00033689-00034073 <font color = "# c1c1c1"> Thành công cuối cùng đòi hỏi người mẫu phải được đào tạo theo kiểu cổ điển </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00139-00034099-00034355 <font color = "# d9d9d9"> Phép chia thường là một thuật toán được mã hóa cứng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00140-00034380-00034534 <font color = "# e4e4e4"> Vì vậy, nó không yêu cầu bất kỳ đào tạo nào </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00141-00034611-00034713 <font color = "# d8d8d8"> Và nó đang chạy </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00142-00034739-00034867 <font color = "# d7d7d7"> Philly tốt trên CPU </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00143-00034918-00035251 <font color = "# d8d8d8"> Có thể chạy gpus nhưng theo truyền thống, nó luôn chạy vào CPU </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00144-00035276-00035507 <font color = "# d9d9d9"> Cuz nó dễ dàng hơn và nó không tự cho vay </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00145-00035532-00035609 <font color = "# b2b2b2"> Philly để thoát 26 </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00146-00035686-00035814 <font color = "# 989898"> Quy trình </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00147-00035865-00036121 <font color = "# debede"> Tuy nhiên, việc cạn kiệt chắc chắn cần phải có Chi PU </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00148-00036172-00036377 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Nhưng đó là một điều tốt vì bạn có thể nhận được </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00149-00036428-00036582 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Quá nhiều cạnh tranh </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00150-00036659-00036761 <font color = "# c6c6c6"> Hiệu suất hoặc tăng tốc </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00151-00036812-00036915 <font color = "# d3d3d3"> Sử dụng Phần cứng qpu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00152-00037068-00037299 <font color = "# f0f0f0"> Hãy xem thời gian mở CDL </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00153-00037324-00037452 <font color = "# ededed"> Ngọt ngào như bạn có thể thấy </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00154-00037478-00037759 <font color = "# dfdfdf"> Tôi sẽ đọc tất cả những điều này vì nó khác nhau 40 </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00155-00037785-00037887 <font color = "# cdcdcd"> Chủ đề trong opencv </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00156-00037939-00038015 <font color = "# ededed"> Nhưng chúng tôi đã bắt được </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00157-00038041-00038297 <font color = "# 888888"> Cobo phạm vi rộng mà chúng tôi cung cấp cho tất cả những điều cơ bản </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00158-00038425-00038630 <font color = "# cfcfcf"> Vì vậy, bạn có được tất cả kiến ​​thức nền tảng của mình ở đây </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00159-00038681-00038886 <font color = "# b3b3b3"> Sau đó, chúng tôi thấy hai điều như phần giới thiệu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00160-00038911-00039091 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Viền đường viền cũng khá quan trọng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00161-00039142-00039347 <font color = "# b4b4b4"> Lớp chống thấm và chống lũ lụt </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00162-00039372-00039577 <font color = "# c4c4c4"> Sau đó, chúng tôi sử dụng bộ phân loại har Cascade </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00163-00039654-00039731 <font color = "# 626262"> Người vận chuyển </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00164-00039782-00039987 <font color = "# 979797"> Bắt đầu làm phiền hình ảnh có màu chủ đạo </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00165-00040012-00040063 <font color = "# cecece"> Tương tự </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00166-00040089-00040217 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> So sánh </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00167-00040243-00040422 <font color = "# ababab"> Sau đó là một loạt những thứ khác ở đây với ánh sáng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00168-00040447-00040627 <font color = "# d4d4d4"> Vận tải bằng dịch chuyển trung bình luồng quang học </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00169-00040703-00041139 <font color = "# fafafa"> Mốc chính thức và thậm chí một số thuật toán nhận dạng khuôn mặt đơn giản có thể được sử dụng tại đây </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00170-00041215-00041318 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Xóa nền </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00171-00041369-00041625 <font color = "# d6d6d6"> Chúng tôi sử dụng các thư viện mocr như pytesseract </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00172-00041651-00041753 <font color = "# 838383"> 230 CR </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00173-00041804-00041932 <font color = "# f5f5f5"> Đọc mã vạch </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00174-00041958-00042265 <font color = "# d7d7d7"> Chúng tôi có thể nhập màu vàng vào cây opencv Eurovision </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00175-00042291-00042547 <font color = "# f8f8f8"> Và chạy khá dễ sử dụng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00176-00042623-00042879 <font color = "# efefef"> Chúng ta có thể làm một số việc khác để cạnh tranh hoặc chụp ảnh </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00177-00042931-00042982 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Cũng như vậy </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00178-00043033-00043084 <font color = "# eeeeee"> </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00179-00043135-00043545 <font color = "# b8b8b8"> Sau đó, chúng ta sẽ xem xét video vì đây là phần rất quan trọng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00180-00043596-00043955 <font color = "# f3f3f3"> Về thị giác máy tính, nhiều người không biết cách họ có thể nhìn vào hình ảnh </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00181-00044006-00044415 <font color = "# b0b0b0"> Nhưng nó không biết cách xử lý video, vì vậy tôi tìm kiếm một số bộ bài hàng đầu về cách tải xuống video </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00182-00044441-00044620 <font color = "# f5f5f5"> Cách triển khai các hàm trên chúng như thế nào </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00183-00044671-00044953 <font color = "# dfdfdf"> Nhập RSS rtsp trong các luồng IP </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00184-00044979-00045209 <font color = "# f8f8f8"> Cách tự động kết nối lại với luồng </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00185-00045235-00045823 <font color = "# ebebeb"> Cách chụp như nếu bạn có một video đang phát trên máy tính, bạn có thể chụp ảnh màn hình trực tiếp và đưa nó vào opencv </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00186-00045875-00046054 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Cũng như các video quan trọng trên YouTube </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00187-00046156-00046335 <font color = "# ebebeb"> Phần rất hữu ích theo quan điểm của tôi </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00188-00046438-00046515 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Sau đó, chúng tôi có </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00189-00046566-00046643 <font color = "# dadada"> Sự đào sâu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00190-00046668-00046822 <font color = "# c1c1c1"> Khá lớn nên chính thức </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00191-00046847-00047283 <font color = "# e0e0e0"> Chúng tôi đi sâu vào học sâu và tầm nhìn máy tính bao gồm tất cả các khoản phí. </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00192-00047487-00047692 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Sau đó, chúng tôi xem xét về cơ bản </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00193-00047769-00048204 <font color = "# c5c5c5"> Xây dựng mạng nơ-ron phức hợp Irwin Mô hình phần 4 + 10 </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00194-00048230-00048281 <font color = "# cbcbcb"> Charis </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00195-00048358-00048486 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Chúng tôi thực hiện một số </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00196-00048537-00048691 <font color="#a9a9a9">Did Mississippi go for all of the</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00197-00048716-00048844 <font color="#919191">Processes you need to know</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00198-00048870-00048921 <font color="#e7e7e7">2</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00199-00048972-00049075 <font color="#f6f6f6">Load data</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00200-00049100-00049331 <font color="#aeaeae">Trinimmortal and inference on that model</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00201-00049433-00049510 <font color="#f7f7f7">Then we compare</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00202-00049561-00049689 <font color="#b4b4b4">Librarius we analyzed</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00203-00049715-00049817 <font color="#bdbdbd">Performance of a model</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00204-00049945-00049996 <font color="#ececec">Blind Owl</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00205-00050022-00050329 <font color="#d5d5d5">Improve on models with regularization and avoiding overfitting</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00206-00050380-00050790 <font color = "# d9d9d9"> Sau đó, chúng tôi đi vào tìm hiểu cnnc là gì để bạn cũng có thể hiểu ý tưởng đó </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00207-00050841-00050918 <font color = "# cecece"> Mô hình của bạn như thế nào </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00208-00050969-00051276 <font color = "# e9e9e9"> Liệu nó đang được huấn luyện như thế nào và phản ứng của nó với những gì </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00209-00051379-00051532 <font color = "# f4f4f4"> Tiếp theo, chúng tôi xem xét thêm </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00210-00051583-00051711 <font color = "# 8a8a8a"> Advanced Union Topix </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00211-00051737-00051942 <font color = "# efefef"> Về cơ bản, chúng ta đã điểm qua một số nguyên tắc thiết kế </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00212-00051993-00052249 <font color = "# f7f7f7"> Sau đó, hãy xem một số </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00213-00052275-00052377 <font color = "# f5f5f5"> Kiến trúc CNN </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00214-00052428-00052633 <font color = "# b3b3b3"> Một số trong số này về cơ bản là hiện đại </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00215-00052659-00052889 <font color = "# d1d1d1"> Internet truyền thống trông giống như cái cây này ở đây </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00216-00052940-00053196 <font color = "# bebebe"> Tuy nhiên, chúng tôi đã xem xét chúng nhiều lần </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00217-00053222-00053631 <font color = "# 929292"> Resnet steam update hiện đại nhưng bạn là một trong những mạng hiệu quả mật độ tốt nhất </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00218-00053683-00054143 <font color = "# ececec"> Sau đó, chúng tôi xem xét cách triển khai chúng như thế nào để đạt được 125 độ chính xác hàng đầu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00219-00054220-00054374 <font color = "# cccccc"> Cả cuộc gọi lại qua Internet </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00220-00054425-00054655 <font color = "# ececec"> Sau đó, chúng tôi xem xét thư viện pytorch </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00221-00054681-00054809 <font color = "# a7a7a7"> Gọi Patricia sét </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00222-00054835-00055347 <font color = "# e8e8e8"> Đây là một sự mất mát rất hữu ích của thủ thư khi thực hiện một số việc phức tạp như đào tạo về nhiều gpus </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00223-00055372-00055423 <font color = "# a1a1a1"> CPU </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00224-00055475-00055731 <font color = "# e7e7e7"> Dễ dàng chuyển tính khí dựa vào nó </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00225-00055782-00056063 <font color = "# dbdbdb"> Đây là lựa chọn tự động không hợp lệ Lựa chọn lãi suất cho vay tự động </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00226-00056089-00056217 <font color = "# c7c7c7"> Đặt Thư viện khá hữu ích </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00227-00056268-00056575 <font color = "# d3d3d3"> Tiếp theo, chúng ta hãy xem xét việc nạp băng chuyền tensorflow bên trong </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00228-00056601-00056652 <font color = "# d4d4d4"> Pytorch </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00229-00056703-00057011 <font color = "# c9c9c9"> Video chuyển giấc mơ sâu về thần kinh yên của Google </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00230-00057036-00057164 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Mã tự động </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00231-00057215-00057651 <font color = "# e5e5e5"> Hãy xem các mạng đối thủ chung mà chúng tôi thực hiện một số dự án khá thú vị như tạo </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00232-00057702-00057907 <font color = "# e8e8e8"> Các nhân vật anime với tất cả đều có thể chiếu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00233-00058009-00058086 <font color = "# acacac"> Sau đó, chúng tôi xem xét </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00234-00058111-00058239 <font color = "# f6f6f6"> Siamese Networks </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00235-00058265-00058547 <font color = "# f8f8f8"> Điều này trực tiếp dẫn đến nhận dạng khuôn mặt </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00236-00058572-00058751 <font color = "# a7a7a7"> Cũng từng sử dụng khuôn mặt sâu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00237-00058777-00058982 <font color = "# debede"> Để nâng cao các thuật toán nhận dạng khuôn mặt của chúng tôi </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00238-00059059-00059263 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Sau đó, chúng tôi xem xét nhiều </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00239-00059289-00059340 <font color = "# 9c9c9c"> Các đối tượng khác nhau </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00240-00059443-00059724 <font color = "# d3d3d3"> Khôi phục thực tế lịch sử và tất cả </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00241-00059750-00060006 <font color = "# cacaca"> Cung cấp cái nhìn tổng quan tốt về đối tượng ở Texas </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00242-00060031-00060313 <font color = "# ededed"> Sau đó, chúng tôi bắt đầu sử dụng không phát hiện chạy </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00243-00060339-00060390 <font color = "# e8e8e8"> 2 </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00244-00060415-00060671 <font color = "# e9e9e9"> Ss và một YOLO lớn </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00245-00060697-00061004 <font color = "# bababa"> Chúng tôi thực sự xem xét bạn cây phiên bản trực tiếp đầy đủ và năm </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00246-00061055-00061363 <font color = "# e7e7e7"> Cũng như chiếc bánh để thử các hạn chế của việc triển khai darknet </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00247-00061414-00061695 <font color = "# c6c6c6"> Và chúng tôi thực hiện một số dự án khác nhau như bạn có thể thấy ở đây </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00248-00061721-00061849 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Với tất cả những điều này </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00249-00061875-00061926 <font color = "# 676767"> Topica Texas </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00250-00061951-00062079 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Điều này rất tốt </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00251-00062131-00062335 <font color = "# e2e2e2"> Đường viền kết nối quang Very Toro </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00252-00062463-00062694 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Sau đó, chúng tôi xem xét Phân đoạn sâu </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00253-00062745-00063001 <font color = "# 9f9f9f"> Chúng tôi xem xét đơn vị s tại Sandy Platt </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00254-00063052-00063334 <font color = "# d9d9d9"> Fishing Tri không được đề cập ở đây nhưng nó không phải là khóa học </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00255-00063385-00063513 <font color = "# e8e8e8"> Cũng như mặt nạ RCN </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00256-00063641-00063743 <font color = "# e8e8e8"> Sau đó, chúng tôi xem xét </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00257-00063769-00063820 <font color = "# 9b9b9b"> Hàng đống </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00258-00063923-00064076 <font color = "# a5a5a5"> Tiếp tục vận tải đường bộ, điều này rất </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00259-00064255-00064460 <font color = "# f2f2f2"> Sau đó, chúng tôi xem xét một số điều khác </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00260-00064486-00064537 <font color = "# ececec"> Hướng dẫn </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00261-00064588-00064665 <font color = "# 999999"> Bong bóng tạo ra </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00262-00064691-00064921 <font color = "# c2c2c2"> Deepfakes hãy xem Vision Transformers </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00263-00064972-00065331 <font color = "# d6d6d6"> Adeptus ước tính độ tương đồng của hình ảnh phụ đề </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00264-00065382-00065535 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Phân loại video </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00265-00065587-00065817 <font color = "# d4d4d4"> Đám mây điểm là phân loại và phân đoạn </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00266-00065868-00066099 <font color = "# cccccc"> Phân loại hình ảnh 3D bằng chụp CT </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00267-00066150-00066380 <font color = "# eaeaea"> Dự án phân loại viêm phổi bằng tia X </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00268-00066431-00066611 <font color = "# d1d1d1"> Mô hình hình ảnh xác thực của bạn là gì </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00269-00066662-00066764 <font color = "# f2f2f2"> Cũng như ứng dụng web </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00270-00066790-00066841 <font color = "# eeeeee"> YouTube </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00271-00066867-00067020 <font color = "# fcfcfc"> Rest API và sau đó là một bình </font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00272-00067071-00067123 <font color="#fcfcfc">Weather</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00273-00067225-00067276 <font color="#cecece">Soap</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00274-00067302-00067455 <font color="#fcfcfc">That's it for the overview</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00275-00067507-00067737 <font color="#d4d4d4">In the next section I'll start taking off</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00276-00067763-00067993 <font color="#cfcfcf">A basic introduction to computer vision</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00277-00068044-00068147 <font color="#d7d7d7">So did you answer that</font> 2kfYtxtfHrg-00278-00068172-00068249 <font color="#fcfcfc">Thank you for watching</font> 2nmtnW4-V7o-00000-00000018-00000630 hello hello Queens it's your girl Kanesha Currency coin budgets in this video I will be 2nmtnW4-V7o-00001-00000630-00001450 putting together my new budget planner if that is something you're interested in stay tuned [Music] 2nmtnW4-V7o-00002-00002700-00003240 all right guys so I know I see it my new budget plan but y'all know I'm always doing something 2nmtnW4-V7o-00003-00003240-00003906 and creating different things so I couldn't wait on my other planner to come in so I went ahead 2nmtnW4-V7o-00004-00003906-00004458 and I printed out one of my planners that I just made it's just a new one that I just 2nmtnW4-V7o-00005-00004458-00005094 quickly put together you know just to make it a little fun and a little cute in a little sassy 2nmtnW4-V7o-00006-00005196-00005880 um so I just decided that I wanted to go ahead and share with you guys how I'm going to put that 2nmtnW4-V7o-00007-00005880-00006420 together just in case you guys are interested in doing that I know you guys may be singing 2nmtnW4-V7o-00008-00006420-00007038 hey y'all this all this girl is doing where's the budgeting part guys I'm still doing my budgeting 2nmtnW4-V7o-00009-00007038-00007445 and everything and I know y'all been watching the videos but I'm all about trying to teach 2nmtnW4-V7o-00010-00007445-00008016 y'all how to create things to make some extra money as well because we all need the extra 2nmtnW4-V7o-00011-00008016-00008736 money and in our budgeting Community we do not have a lot of that um going on so I just want 2nmtnW4-V7o-00012-00008736-00009486 to share with you guys what I know how to do just to help whoever it can help I don't know 2nmtnW4-V7o-00013-00009486-00010236 it may not help nobody it might help somebody but I am here to give you guys everything because I 2nmtnW4-V7o-00014-00010236-00010818 can't keep holding all this stuff on my brain y'all y'all should see I wish I could see my 2nmtnW4-V7o-00015-00010818-00011226 brain inside my brain it just overloaded and it's time for me to get some of this stuff out 2nmtnW4-V7o-00016-00011304-00011898 so let me grab my planner and I'm gonna show you what we are going to start with as I mentioned 2nmtnW4-V7o-00017-00011898-00012660 earlier I am going to start with my planner I did print this out and that it this is my um Queen's 2nmtnW4-V7o-00018-00012660-00013512 budget by paycheck planner and it is just full of goodies and it is thick as you guys can see 2nmtnW4-V7o-00019-00013668-00014640 so that left me to have to pull out my cinch guys and I did not want to do this this is a 52 week 2nmtnW4-V7o-00020-00014760-00015647 um book this one is has 52 weeks in it so I'm going to sit this aside and then I'm going to 2nmtnW4-V7o-00021-00015647-00016398 grab my cinch and then I'm going to start with one month and show you guys how I actually worked 2nmtnW4-V7o-00022-00016398-00016878 that but I think she is so cute guys what y'all think y'all know I'm always bragging on my stuff 2nmtnW4-V7o-00023-00016980-00017670 of course I would think it's Gorge so you will need your inserts of course what I just shown 2nmtnW4-V7o-00024-00017670-00018816 you and you will need your your binding machine and I am using um the Cinch and you will also need 2nmtnW4-V7o-00025-00018948-00019776 some um binding wires or you can use some binding spiral I am using oh hold on 2nmtnW4-V7o-00026-00020040-00020844 oh okay okay so this is um the one inch binding and I'll show you the different sizes 2nmtnW4-V7o-00027-00020970-00021714 I thought I was gonna have to turn this video off until another day so this is the one inch here 2nmtnW4-V7o-00028-00021972-00022512 and or is that the half an inch that may be a half inch 2nmtnW4-V7o-00029-00022590-00023022 I'm sorry for all the noise and then this one is the one inch 2nmtnW4-V7o-00030-00023238-00023946 so this is the one I will be using hopefully it's not too small I was thinking I needed a two inch 2nmtnW4-V7o-00031-00023946-00024570 but I think this is a 0.5 here this black one is a 25 and this is a two so you will need your 2nmtnW4-V7o-00032-00024570-00025416 your binding wire whatever you decide to bind with you can buy them with um spiral or you can do your 2nmtnW4-V7o-00033-00025416-00026412 wire and um for your cover you can either laminate your cover or you can use chipboard I'm going to 2nmtnW4-V7o-00034-00026412-00027348 show you guys what chipboard is chipboard is just a hard cover that you can use for your um for your 2nmtnW4-V7o-00035-00027348-00028080 cover let me scoop this over for a second this is called a chipboard and it is a hard cover you can 2nmtnW4-V7o-00036-00028080-00028752 purchase this on Amazon I will leave the link um down below and what you would do is put your 2nmtnW4-V7o-00037-00028752-00029436 picture on this side and then leave this white for your inside cover that way you won't have none of 2nmtnW4-V7o-00038-00029436-00029958 this brown showing in your planner unless you want the brown showing I don't know but I prefer to 2nmtnW4-V7o-00039-00030054-00030539 just put my picture here and then let this be the inside of my cover 2nmtnW4-V7o-00040-00030539-00031206 but that will be on another video I'm not going to be long on this video because um 2nmtnW4-V7o-00041-00031427-00031818 it looks like my storage is kind of low so I'm going to get into this like I said 2nmtnW4-V7o-00042-00031818-00032532 this is the Heidi swap the Cinch it has a handy dandy little keeper here to keep your 2nmtnW4-V7o-00043-00032622-00033420 your um lever down so you take that off in a lever way raise up and then you have your pegs 2nmtnW4-V7o-00044-00033420-00034308 here you have your ruler here and it just tells you um how long your paper is it don't tell you 2nmtnW4-V7o-00045-00034308-00034794 that but it does tell you that and then here you have some instructions on how to punch it 2nmtnW4-V7o-00046-00034794-00035412 you have your inches here and it tells you which Peg to pull and then on the back of this you have 2nmtnW4-V7o-00047-00035412-00036258 where you will bind this and we will go through all of those steps I'm not going to punch my 2nmtnW4-V7o-00048-00036258-00037398 the whole entire Planner on here but I am going to show you how I go through um the steps of doing it 2nmtnW4-V7o-00049-00037398-00038100 so the first thing I do is I will pull my ruler out and I pull it all the way out and I leave it 2nmtnW4-V7o-00050-00038196-00038994 I always pull mine out to the last line and I make sure my seven is connected here but down 2nmtnW4-V7o-00051-00038994-00039834 here it tells you the instructions on how how you should do this I am going to be using a 8.5 by 11 2nmtnW4-V7o-00052-00039834-00040638 size sheet of paper that is the standard and I have one month that I have my printer actually 2nmtnW4-V7o-00053-00040704-00041502 um printed two septembers I'm not sure why I think it stopped and messed up maybe the internet 2nmtnW4-V7o-00054-00041640-00042294 um disconnected or something and then it started back where it um finished off I'm not sure what 2nmtnW4-V7o-00055-00042294-00042858 happened with my printer but it did print out two months of September so I just grabbed this 2nmtnW4-V7o-00056-00042858-00043560 September just to show you guys for this example and then I will go and do the rest of my planner 2nmtnW4-V7o-00057-00043560-00044598 off camera and um I'll come back and show you how I bind it so the first thing we do we are going to 2nmtnW4-V7o-00058-00044682-00045168 figure out which side we will be punching the hose in so the hose will be of course 2nmtnW4-V7o-00059-00045168-00045732 on your left side now you have to figure out which directions your papers will go 2nmtnW4-V7o-00060-00045732-00046548 I like to start at the back of my planner all the time that way I know that I have my 2nmtnW4-V7o-00061-00046608-00047202 hose punched in because I like to pull this out first and then I like to punch the end part first 2nmtnW4-V7o-00062-00047262-00047802 and I will kind of explain why I like to do it that way so I'm just going to grab a few sheets 2nmtnW4-V7o-00063-00047802-00048504 of paper I'm going to lay that there and the rest will be to the side here so what I like to do 2nmtnW4-V7o-00064-00048642-00049002 is of course straighten them up because you want them even 2nmtnW4-V7o-00065-00049272-00050160 you don't want crooked holes at all so you know we have to pull out our pick and it says 2nmtnW4-V7o-00066-00050160-00051078 for 11 you have to pull out number 10. so I am going to sit this up here and I'm going to pull 2nmtnW4-V7o-00067-00051078-00051648 out Peg number 10 you just give it a slight pull you don't have to pull it hard just give 2nmtnW4-V7o-00068-00051648-00052152 it a slight pull can you see the difference from where this is out and these are all in 2nmtnW4-V7o-00069-00052367-00052434 so 2nmtnW4-V7o-00070-00052836-00053424 I have to that is just something about it I have to make sure that they're straight so you're going 2nmtnW4-V7o-00071-00053424-00054054 to go in once you have everything in place where you need it you'll just pull that lever down and 2nmtnW4-V7o-00072-00054054-00054828 it will punch your holes in there and you have your holes I'm going to sit this to the side 2nmtnW4-V7o-00073-00054828-00055608 and then I'm going to do the rest of my papers you can put up to 20 sheets in here at one time 2nmtnW4-V7o-00074-00055734-00056405 I try not to put that many because I don't I don't know I just I just always go under that amount 2nmtnW4-V7o-00075-00056634-00057516 and as you guys see the more papers I put in the more elbow grease I had to had to put in 2nmtnW4-V7o-00076-00057617-00058152 so I like to leave mine separated like that you don't have to you can put them all together if you 2nmtnW4-V7o-00077-00058152-00058950 think your holes are exactly the same so the next thing I will do I'm going to move this in because 2nmtnW4-V7o-00078-00058950-00059676 I am going to flip my sheets over here and I am going to move it in and that is the normal spot 2nmtnW4-V7o-00079-00059676-00060791 that is at and I just know that because this from using it so I will go in this way now we have that 2nmtnW4-V7o-00080-00060791-00061560 10 put pulled out we're not going to leave that 10 pulled out because we want this top to punch 2nmtnW4-V7o-00081-00061770-00062346 we want this top to punch and on the side here I did not show you guys but let me show you 2nmtnW4-V7o-00082-00062412-00063138 on the side here it has an alignment guide here and you can align your paper 2nmtnW4-V7o-00083-00063294-00063996 it'll be that second hole the second hole here you will align that in there and you can 2nmtnW4-V7o-00084-00064055-00064722 click it in and it won't move at all that's one thing that I do like about 2nmtnW4-V7o-00085-00064722-00065279 this scent y'all I used to have I used to hate it until I I had to figure it out y'all because 2nmtnW4-V7o-00086-00065616-00066420 all right so we are going to punch that 10 in and now you guys see why I like to do all of 2nmtnW4-V7o-00087-00066420-00066942 my holes at one time because when you get to flipping and flopping your pages at the same 2nmtnW4-V7o-00088-00066942-00067698 time you'll forget to punch your hole in and you just messed up a sheet of paper or a section of 2nmtnW4-V7o-00089-00067698-00068454 your planner so what I'm going to do now now that that is locked in I am going to 2nmtnW4-V7o-00090-00068742-00069312 I always double check my stuff yeah I just go overboard um I'm going to punch it 2nmtnW4-V7o-00091-00069774-00070062 and then you would just go in and lift that lever up 2nmtnW4-V7o-00092-00070272-00070836 and pull it out and there you have your hole punch we're going to do it again 2nmtnW4-V7o-00093-00071124-00071202 foreign 2nmtnW4-V7o-00094-00072474-00073170 guys start doing this a lot it won't take this long I'm just trying to go slow to make sure I'm 2nmtnW4-V7o-00095-00073170-00073722 showing you guys the correct way and trying to go slow because I know some people need to go 2nmtnW4-V7o-00096-00073722-00074712 slow because sometimes I am one of those people had me I need people to go slow with what they're 2nmtnW4-V7o-00097-00074712-00075708 doing so I have for September as you guys can see the holes are punched perfectly and I am going to 2nmtnW4-V7o-00098-00075912-00076476 go in and punch the rest of my months and I will be right back 2nmtnW4-V7o-00099-00077298-00077322 foreign 2nmtnW4-V7o-00100-00081372-00081522 foreign 2nmtnW4-V7o-00101-00084492-00084576 foreign 2nmtnW4-V7o-00102-00086916-00087828 Ty so we have finished the whole punching I did turn it back on at the end once I got 2nmtnW4-V7o-00103-00087828-00088752 over halfway finished my intentions were to turn it back on once I started on my top side 2nmtnW4-V7o-00104-00088752-00089640 of my hose but I think I just forgot to turn it back on so this is the finished results 2nmtnW4-V7o-00105-00089880-00090672 and I'm still not finished with my cinch but I can close this down for right now 2nmtnW4-V7o-00106-00090954-00091920 um I went ahead and did my get this out the camera I went ahead and did my covers I went 2nmtnW4-V7o-00107-00091920-00092406 ahead and laminated those and punched them as well while I had it in position 2nmtnW4-V7o-00108-00092550-00093540 um with the hole punch before I moved it over to punch my second set of holes where's my trash 2nmtnW4-V7o-00109-00093630-00094350 here it is um so yeah I went ahead and laminated this and I did not do this on chipboard this is 2nmtnW4-V7o-00110-00094350-00094944 regular card stock that I just ran through the laminator and I just went ahead and 2nmtnW4-V7o-00111-00094998-00095460 punched it because yeah I didn't want to get on here looking crazy because when I tell y'all I 2nmtnW4-V7o-00112-00095460-00096504 had a love hate with this cinch here I bought this cinch in 2020. and when I tell y'all I used it a 2nmtnW4-V7o-00113-00096504-00097458 few times and then I put it away I'm it's been in my closet since 2020. I think I used around about 2nmtnW4-V7o-00114-00097458-00098112 two or three times because it was like it was like such a headache to me because I was doing it I was 2nmtnW4-V7o-00115-00098112-00098712 messing up because I didn't have no one to walk me through and teach me how to do it so I think 2nmtnW4-V7o-00116-00098712-00099270 this right here making this plant is just kind of refresher and I feel more comfortable with it now 2nmtnW4-V7o-00117-00099366-00099726 and I know I don't know if it's just because I'm being patient taking my time I don't know 2nmtnW4-V7o-00118-00099816-00100326 but I feel a little bit more comfortable doing this video 2nmtnW4-V7o-00119-00100464-00100860 and I know I need to get a little comfortable with it because this is something that I plan 2nmtnW4-V7o-00120-00100860-00101646 on teaching as well making these covers you know some knockout covers for your planners 2nmtnW4-V7o-00121-00101646-00102342 your journals or whatever you want to learn to do I'm going to be teaching that as well 2nmtnW4-V7o-00122-00102426-00103044 on my um my course Hub I guess I can call it a course because I'm gonna have everything on there 2nmtnW4-V7o-00123-00103044-00103776 almost everything that I know how to do is going on there and it I will provide templates for every 2nmtnW4-V7o-00124-00103776-00104628 course that we have it'll come with templates in step by step we're gonna have q and A's you know 2nmtnW4-V7o-00125-00104628-00105246 here and there so um if this is something that you're interested in making yeah just go ahead 2nmtnW4-V7o-00126-00105246-00105858 and go over there and just get on the email list and once those classes start it starts dropping 2nmtnW4-V7o-00127-00106032-00106476 um the ones that haven't dropped already once the new ones start to drop you will get an email and 2nmtnW4-V7o-00128-00106476-00107016 notify you when those classes will drop if you can go ahead and sign up for them most of them already 2nmtnW4-V7o-00129-00107016-00107940 signed up and they have dates for the meetings and we will be doing them live so if you can catch it 2nmtnW4-V7o-00130-00107940-00108461 live that'll be I guess it'll be better for you but if not hey you can always catch the replays 2nmtnW4-V7o-00131-00108522-00109032 but that is it with this cinch for right now as far as the whole puncher but I want to get 2nmtnW4-V7o-00132-00109158-00109806 saw my old planners so you guys can see the difference hold on one second 2nmtnW4-V7o-00133-00110250-00110759 all right so I grabbed some of my first planners that I made and y'all I was kind of tickled when 2nmtnW4-V7o-00134-00110759-00111570 I grabbed it um but here is the first one I made this one was a boxed up gracefully 2nmtnW4-V7o-00135-00111642-00112259 I made this y'all and when I tell y'all this was the one that got me all of the attention 2nmtnW4-V7o-00136-00112433-00112944 um I made it and I put it on Facebook just to be like hey look what I did I was bored 2nmtnW4-V7o-00137-00112944-00113664 and when I tell y'all I got 15 orders off of this one book I had several designs already 2nmtnW4-V7o-00138-00113664-00114659 created and I put this on there and then I did um I did what did I do I think I just uploaded 2nmtnW4-V7o-00139-00114659-00115170 other pictures of some some that I created but I haven't I didn't have them bind it 2nmtnW4-V7o-00140-00115235-00115932 and this was of course done with the different binding machine and this is my favorite binding 2nmtnW4-V7o-00141-00115932-00116544 machine now if I would have had that bigger um wire to fit this one this is what I would have 2nmtnW4-V7o-00142-00116544-00117258 preferred to do because I like this one better I think this is a this is a three one three to one 2nmtnW4-V7o-00143-00117258-00118206 which meaning it's three holes to every one inch and then the scent is two holes to every one inch 2nmtnW4-V7o-00144-00118350-00118883 it'll be two holes for every one inch so yeah that's a three to one and a two one so 2nmtnW4-V7o-00145-00118985-00119526 and I did purchase those machines on Amazon but this is oh let me show y'all 2nmtnW4-V7o-00146-00119526-00120174 let me show y'all the inside of this um so this was kind of my order book for my cakes 2nmtnW4-V7o-00147-00120282-00120900 yeah and I just thought it was so freaking cute see y'all see it was in 2020. 2nmtnW4-V7o-00148-00120900-00121578 and um was I still going to school yes I was still going to school so you see my discussions and then 2nmtnW4-V7o-00149-00121661-00122261 my cakes and stuff I have papers to do so in 2020 I was yeah I was doing 2nmtnW4-V7o-00150-00122370-00123018 I was going to school I was making these planners I was doing my cake business y'all I was 2nmtnW4-V7o-00151-00123018-00123666 I was doing it up I was I was busy and when I tell y'all y'all know I'm a hustler 2nmtnW4-V7o-00152-00123720-00124409 if you follow me and been watching my videos y'all know I'm a hustler to the heart and that's where 2nmtnW4-V7o-00153-00124409-00124835 I got my name from the currency Queen because if it's money to be made guess who's gonna make it me 2nmtnW4-V7o-00154-00125004-00125724 I'm gonna make it so this is like a cute little planner and I forgot all of this was in here y'all 2nmtnW4-V7o-00155-00125783-00126558 and when people saw this they went crazy look at my little tabs okay 2nmtnW4-V7o-00156-00126761-00127254 I know this supposed to be a DIY y'all but I didn't just show y'all this real quick 2nmtnW4-V7o-00157-00127254-00127788 and then I put not self-made but I'm God made on the back with my little girl with 2nmtnW4-V7o-00158-00127788-00128664 my logo this is my cake logo and then I moved on I think this was in 2021 and this was with 2nmtnW4-V7o-00159-00128664-00129528 using my cinch here so you can see the paper on this side and that's just from you know 2nmtnW4-V7o-00160-00129659-00130211 learning how to do this and I put my little prayer for my business over here 2nmtnW4-V7o-00161-00130278-00131046 and of course that I didn't feel that out let me see what year this is yeah this so this is 2021 2nmtnW4-V7o-00162-00131160-00131922 and I'll let y'all see how this kind of look so this is just 2021 uh I don't mind y'all looking 2nmtnW4-V7o-00163-00131922-00132870 at this because it's old whatever um but I like to use my stickers everywhere I was doing a detox 2nmtnW4-V7o-00164-00132870-00133494 in 2020 2021 because you know at the beginning of the year yeah we always try to do some things 2nmtnW4-V7o-00165-00133494-00134394 lose some weight but yeah I was doing my detoxes and I like to put my stickers instead of writing 2nmtnW4-V7o-00166-00134394-00135132 everything in I like to have my stickers on my look out and then write everything else and my 2nmtnW4-V7o-00167-00135132-00135768 planner here and see I have planner orders that I have to do y'all when I tell y'all I was busy 2nmtnW4-V7o-00168-00135912-00136620 busy ain't the word and Nancy one of my girls make 10K in 30 days 2nmtnW4-V7o-00169-00136620-00137166 become a treat teacher yeah I've been I've been doing this so see 2nmtnW4-V7o-00170-00137400-00138288 um but yeah that is kind of and I have elevating it y'all I'm telling y'all from when 2nmtnW4-V7o-00171-00138384-00138954 I'll show y'all the bag is just plain and then I think the back here just have 2nmtnW4-V7o-00172-00139218-00139350 all of this in here 2nmtnW4-V7o-00173-00139614-00140340 you know just keeping up with all of my supplies for the business and stuff so 2nmtnW4-V7o-00174-00140540-00141420 [Applause] yeah so this is my first planet so I've been doing this for I don't know this is 2nmtnW4-V7o-00175-00141420-00142260 year number three I quit doing handmade printers I mean I quit doing handmade planners because I was 2nmtnW4-V7o-00176-00142260-00142872 getting so many orders and I ended up Outsourcing those and that is also something we'll discuss in 2nmtnW4-V7o-00177-00142962-00143808 in our planner course as well um places you can Outsource in have someone to print them for you 2nmtnW4-V7o-00178-00143808-00144426 instead of you doing all the work y'all that was the best decision I could have done because I've 2nmtnW4-V7o-00179-00144426-00145164 sold oh my gosh I don't know how many planners I've sold but I have made some good money off of 2nmtnW4-V7o-00180-00145164-00145734 them I took them all down off of my Etsy store because I needed to update the interior and I 2nmtnW4-V7o-00181-00145734-00146160 never got back around to it because I started doing all this other stuff but people been asking 2nmtnW4-V7o-00182-00146160-00146640 and asking so I think I just need to go ahead and update those and put them back on of course I did 2nmtnW4-V7o-00183-00146640-00147234 the interior different on all of those as well but we're going to get back into the distance 2nmtnW4-V7o-00184-00147504-00148596 okay so we have this side here is for your binding 2nmtnW4-V7o-00185-00148656-00149376 so you're going to take your side here you can see that how they are hooked together you're going to 2nmtnW4-V7o-00186-00149376-00149946 take that and you're just simply going to sit it on there it sits on there comfortably right 2nmtnW4-V7o-00187-00150150-00150414 so now what we're going to do we're going to take 2nmtnW4-V7o-00188-00151344-00151980 we're going to take our cover and put it over here 2nmtnW4-V7o-00189-00152514-00153192 we have that assembled and now we're going to put on our interior first 2nmtnW4-V7o-00190-00153450-00153534 so 2nmtnW4-V7o-00191-00153882-00154758 we are going to hide our um binding wire so I'm going to put this face up 2nmtnW4-V7o-00192-00156462-00156486 foreign 2nmtnW4-V7o-00193-00157638-00158196 okay so now that we have our interior in you are going to take your cover 2nmtnW4-V7o-00194-00158430-00159156 so you're going to put [Music] your front cover down first and then you 2nmtnW4-V7o-00195-00159156-00160134 want to have your back cover facing it and this will Aid in concealing your binding wire 2nmtnW4-V7o-00196-00160566-00161328 so what I like to do is just shake it out a little just to make sure it's evened out 2nmtnW4-V7o-00197-00161328-00162150 and then I also like to just turn it in just to make sure once I close it it will be concealed 2nmtnW4-V7o-00198-00162258-00162774 to make sure that it is in the right spot here foreign 2nmtnW4-V7o-00199-00163680-00164598 make sure it's even so now we will turn our switch around this way and this is where this handy dandy 2nmtnW4-V7o-00200-00164694-00165924 little baby come in handy so I'm going to change this to one yeah you have to press down on it 2nmtnW4-V7o-00201-00166128-00166884 so what this does it tells you the the size of your your thinking I'm thinking this is a 2nmtnW4-V7o-00202-00166884-00167550 size one I hope it is but if not we will see but I think it is so what you do is 2nmtnW4-V7o-00203-00167550-00168150 you just take your wire and I like to get this flat part right here it's a flat area 2nmtnW4-V7o-00204-00168510-00169542 on your wire and I just like to make sure that it's flat up against there and once you have it 2nmtnW4-V7o-00205-00169542-00170340 in place where you want that you will then push it down and it's not where I want it 2nmtnW4-V7o-00206-00171198-00171324 let's turn it this way 2nmtnW4-V7o-00207-00172422-00172554 and yeah 2nmtnW4-V7o-00208-00172836-00172860 foreign 2nmtnW4-V7o-00209-00173874-00174852 binding so you're just gonna move this part over make sure you can try to get that flat in there 2nmtnW4-V7o-00210-00175302-00175746 and then you will do the same process going down 2nmtnW4-V7o-00211-00175950-00176160 foreign 2nmtnW4-V7o-00212-00176898-00177312 I'm going to go in and press it down just a little bit more not too tight 2nmtnW4-V7o-00213-00177576-00177714 just a little bit 2nmtnW4-V7o-00214-00178074-00178584 I like to make sure mine's is in there really really tight and snappy because sometimes those 2nmtnW4-V7o-00215-00178584-00179898 pages can slide out if you don't have it closed in bright and we have our covered and I have to 2nmtnW4-V7o-00216-00179898-00180312 cut this excess off I'm going to run and get that real quick and I'll be right back 2nmtnW4-V7o-00217-00180798-00181398 okay so I have my wire cutter and what I will do I'm just going to turn it over this way 2nmtnW4-V7o-00218-00181482-00181680 and let's open this back cover up 2nmtnW4-V7o-00219-00181950-00182598 and I'm just going to go in and I'm going to do it this way so I can see 2nmtnW4-V7o-00220-00182598-00183132 I'm just going to cut off this excess that I'm not using I'm not going to cut too close 2nmtnW4-V7o-00221-00183324-00183816 and we're just going to do a little snip and that'll cut it off 2nmtnW4-V7o-00222-00184026-00184710 and that is trash and we have half hour 2nmtnW4-V7o-00223-00184986-00185772 planner that's my budget planner y'all and I love it she is so vibrant she is full of Queens 2nmtnW4-V7o-00224-00186114-00187338 but this is available on www .k currency Queen .com now they won't be handmade they are 2nmtnW4-V7o-00225-00187398-00188100 outsourced to my production partner so they will not be this one because 2nmtnW4-V7o-00226-00188250-00188838 yeah I just don't have time to hand make these planners anymore like I used to because we're 2nmtnW4-V7o-00227-00188838-00189432 doing so many other different projects and creating several streams of income 2nmtnW4-V7o-00228-00189630-00190512 but I hope you guys really enjoy that I kind of enjoyed it because I haven't did it in a long 2nmtnW4-V7o-00229-00190512-00191280 time in making these planners but I see I still got it you know just being creative y'all I love 2nmtnW4-V7o-00230-00191280-00192342 to do my things that's um handmade and I think we'll just um start our next playing with me we're 2nmtnW4-V7o-00231-00192342-00193296 going to do it in this book instead of my other planner we're going to use this one but I really 2nmtnW4-V7o-00232-00193296-00193872 enjoy I really I really appreciate you guys for stopping by and watching me do this y'all because 2nmtnW4-V7o-00233-00193998-00194754 teaching is going to be my thing so what a great place to start is here with you guys on YouTube 2nmtnW4-V7o-00234-00194850-00195798 and um you know I really really appreciate you guys for stopping by so if you enjoyed this video 2nmtnW4-V7o-00235-00195882-00196566 I would love it if you would hit that like And subscribe button share this video everywhere you 2nmtnW4-V7o-00236-00196566-00197322 can share share share hit that notification Bell so you are notified every time I upload content 2nmtnW4-V7o-00237-00197322-00198342 and leave me a comment on what you think but until next time Queens be blessed bye 352uWcd_oDy-00000-00000523-00001120 U.S. FORCES JOINED MORE THAN 20 NATIONS IN EXERCISE EAGER LION '14 MAY 25TH. 352uWcd_oDy-00001-00001120-00001636 EAGER LION'S FOCUS IS TO STRENGTHEN MILITARY RELATIONSHIPS AND DEMONSTRATE THE U.S.' COMMITMENT 352uWcd_oDy-00002-00001636-00001867 TO REGIONAL SECURITY AND STABILITY. 352uWcd_oDy-00003-00001867-00002342 THE LARGE-SCALE EXERCISE IS CARRIED OUT AT MILITARY INSTALLATIONS ACROSS JORDAN AND IN 352uWcd_oDy-00004-00002342-00002753 INTERNATIONAL WATERS IN THE GULF OF AQABA AND THE RED SEA. 352uWcd_oDy-00005-00002753-00003138 EMPLOYERS FROM ACROSS THE COUNTRY ATTENDED THE FOURTH ANNUAL WOUNDED WARRIOR HIRING AND 352uWcd_oDy-00006-00003138-00003586 SUPPORT CONFERENCE IN RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA MAY 28TH AND 29TH. 352uWcd_oDy-00007-00003586-00004139 THE EMPLOYER-FOCUSED SESSIONS SHARE INNOVATIVE WAYS TO RECRUIT, HIRE, TRAIN, AND RETAIN WOUNDED 352uWcd_oDy-00008-00004139-00004296 WARRIORS AND VETERANS. 352uWcd_oDy-00009-00004296-00004848 THE CAREER FAIR PROVIDES JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOUNDED WARRIORS, VETERANS AND THEIR SPOUSES. 352uWcd_oDy-00010-00004848-00005084 READ MORE ABOUT THESE STORIES AT NAVY.MIL. 352uWcd_oDy-00011-00005084-00005290 FROM ALL HANDS UPDATE, THANKS FOR WATCHING. 38iG7qp3gLg-00000-00000012-00000187 At the library. 38iG7qp3gLg-00001-00000187-00000346 At which library? 38iG7qp3gLg-00002-00000346-00000543 At the San José Obrero Public School library. 38iG7qp3gLg-00003-00000543-00000712 Have you been rehearsing this or what? 38iG7qp3gLg-00004-00000745-00001142 Antropoloops Workshops. Sanjomix Band: Remixing our neighbouhood. 38iG7qp3gLg-00005-00001169-00001668 I'm a girl that talks a lot, I like being asked a lot about things. 38iG7qp3gLg-00006-00001677-00001921 I don't like sad music. 38iG7qp3gLg-00007-00001931-00002323 It's like it goes very slow and it kind of transmits you even more sadness. 38iG7qp3gLg-00008-00002323-00002568 I don't want to be sad, I'm always laughing! 38iG7qp3gLg-00009-00002568-00003077 I used to be a bit naughtier but I'm a bit calmer now 38iG7qp3gLg-00010-00003083-00003274 because I'm growing up. 38iG7qp3gLg-00011-00003360-00003568 And it's a bore, isn't it? 38iG7qp3gLg-00012-00003574-00003674 Hello? Goodbye. 38iG7qp3gLg-00013-00003698-00003877 Hello? Goodbye. 38iG7qp3gLg-00014-00003887-00003987 Ok. 38iG7qp3gLg-00015-00004017-00004386 Hello, my name is Marwa and I'm twelve years old. 38iG7qp3gLg-00016-00004386-00005018 I have felt like a musician because in my brain I've been thinking of 38iG7qp3gLg-00017-00005018-00005399 many music styles, flamenco, arab music. 38iG7qp3gLg-00018-00005408-00005680 I'm going to make my project, which is a musical book 38iG7qp3gLg-00019-00005680-00006000 with different music from many countries. 38iG7qp3gLg-00020-00006000-00006568 It works with loops that join in as you turn each page. 38iG7qp3gLg-00021-00006936-00007039 Oh teacher... 38iG7qp3gLg-00022-00007057-00007182 How cool... 38iG7qp3gLg-00023-00007344-00007670 For me, music is everything. 38iG7qp3gLg-00024-00007670-00008212 When I sing I feel free, I feel like I'm pouring out all my emotions there. 38iG7qp3gLg-00025-00008212-00008720 You can build many things with music, for instance, a floor workshop, right? 38iG7qp3gLg-00026-00008772-00008980 That track is cool. 38iG7qp3gLg-00027-00008988-00009083 -Yeah, isn't it? -Yes. 38iG7qp3gLg-00028-00009296-00009861 There were a kind of blocks on the floor made of aluminium 38iG7qp3gLg-00029-00009861-00010289 and we had to step on them for the rhythm to come out 38iG7qp3gLg-00030-00010289-00010678 -Under those squares are the cables... -...that are grounded. -Of course. 38iG7qp3gLg-00031-00010690-00011124 And those cables are connected to the computer and through the Makey Makey. 38iG7qp3gLg-00032-00011204-00011627 In order to make a sound, I have to touch Fran, and then touch something 38iG7qp3gLg-00033-00011842-00012019 I have this one. 38iG7qp3gLg-00034-00012054-00012350 -Do you remember this one? -Yes. 38iG7qp3gLg-00035-00012419-00012786 Can you make out the loop? You understand the loop, right? -Yes. 38iG7qp3gLg-00036-00014660-00015074 What changed me was the dancing, you know? 38iG7qp3gLg-00037-00015074-00015303 Because we've been dancing here. 38iG7qp3gLg-00038-00015303-00015652 I let go and felt more... -...confidence. -Right. 38iG7qp3gLg-00039-00015679-00015894 Today we are going to use our body to create music. 38iG7qp3gLg-00040-00015905-00016202 It's not going to be only putting our fingers on the computer. 38iG7qp3gLg-00041-00016211-00016554 Instead, we're going to move around, and with the movement you choose 38iG7qp3gLg-00042-00016561-00016829 we are going to create music. 38iG7qp3gLg-00043-00017581-00017952 Before, I used to listen to music and I heard it and said 38iG7qp3gLg-00044-00017952-00018178 "wow, how cool" but I only listened to the lyrics. 38iG7qp3gLg-00045-00018178-00018508 What happened is that I didn't feel the rhythm, the melody it had inside. 38iG7qp3gLg-00046-00018514-00019036 I have changed two things, when I came here to this Antropoloops project 38iG7qp3gLg-00047-00019043-00019342 I was very shy, I hardly spoke to anyone. 38iG7qp3gLg-00048-00019380-00019663 But when I came over here I was already living with Yasmin 38iG7qp3gLg-00049-00019670-00020045 and also living with other people so I stopped feeling embarrassed and shy. 38iG7qp3gLg-00050-00020122-00020333 Let's go! 38iG7qp3gLg-00051-00020571-00020961 And, have you had any kind of experience similar to this one? 38iG7qp3gLg-00052-00020961-00021271 -Of any electronic music workshop like this? -No, never. 38iG7qp3gLg-00053-00021320-00021614 Hello, my name is Shary. Shary b.e 38iG7qp3gLg-00054-00021614-00022000 I didn't use to listen to electronic music, 38iG7qp3gLg-00055-00022000-00022454 but I can listen to it now and also music made by Djs, which I also like now. 38iG7qp3gLg-00056-00022470-00023180 When people danced my music I felt very happy because I felt very proud of the work I had done all these months. 38iG7qp3gLg-00057-00023239-00023639 Hello, I'm Mariam and I would like that at the end of... 38iG7qp3gLg-00058-00023639-00024048 at the end of this term... in June, we set up a disco in the library. 38iG7qp3gLg-00059-00024048-00024591 Fun, because you take loops from other songs and you mix them, and you have a great time. 38iG7qp3gLg-00060-00024638-00025420 Rawa are to girls, Djs, that make electronic songs 38iG7qp3gLg-00061-00025431-00025986 and now they are teaching us how to make those songs. 38iG7qp3gLg-00062-00026016-00026477 I feel I can create other songs myself. 38iG7qp3gLg-00063-00027332-00027539 Lilia Ghazarhyan. 38iG7qp3gLg-00064-00027639-00028362 I have mixed music from Armenia and by Linkin Park. 38iG7qp3gLg-00065-00028380-00028856 I had many friends in my country, but no one here. 38iG7qp3gLg-00066-00028866-00029064 Just my family and that's it. 38iG7qp3gLg-00067-00029070-00029281 -Here? -In Spain, yes. 38iG7qp3gLg-00068-00029290-00029590 -And do you have friends now? -Yes. 38iG7qp3gLg-00069-00030000-00030158 For me... 38iG7qp3gLg-00070-00030167-00030810 I've started to think about music a bit differently, because before, I only listened to English music. 38iG7qp3gLg-00071-00030935-00031450 Now I also listen to Arabic, Spanish, Russian music, 38iG7qp3gLg-00072-00031460-00031946 Now I can make my own music... more or less... 38iG7qp3gLg-00073-00031992-00032588 And using the songs I like I never thought I was going to make my own music 38iG7qp3gLg-00074-00032692-00033060 and I feel very good making the music 38iG7qp3gLg-00075-00033073-00033424 and every day I'm going to try to make it better. 38iG7qp3gLg-00076-00034483-00034911 I think so... now I listen to more varied music. 38iG7qp3gLg-00077-00034966-00035309 -What kind of music would you like to remix? -Rap and Reggaeton. 38iG7qp3gLg-00078-00035320-00035828 Where would you like to take a picture for the cover of a possible music record? 38iG7qp3gLg-00079-00035837-00036112 With Mohammed on a rooftop. 38iG7qp3gLg-00080-00036160-00036631 For me, the workshop has taught me more things aside from listening to music, 38iG7qp3gLg-00081-00036645-00037066 because, for instance, I know how to edit it, 38iG7qp3gLg-00082-00037078-00037560 I mean cutting it in different time and see where it starts, 38iG7qp3gLg-00083-00037569-00037762 not leave a space there with no sound. 38iG7qp3gLg-00084-00037770-00038012 Hello, my name is Barbara. 38iG7qp3gLg-00085-00038045-00038594 When I sing I feel nervous, but later, when I sing and sing and sing 38iG7qp3gLg-00086-00038603-00039181 my nerves go away and I feel like... happy, you know? 38iG7qp3gLg-00087-00039188-00039588 Singing... and all my nerves disappear, all my nerves. 38iG7qp3gLg-00088-00039789-00040595 (Barbara recorded this rap and applied a low pitch effect to her voice 38iG7qp3gLg-00089-00040626-00041520 to mix it with the rhythmic base she had created) 38iG7qp3gLg-00090-00041770-00042290 To me, music makes me remember many nice things that happen in life. 38iG7qp3gLg-00091-00042367-00043050 During the course, I've felt like in truth... yes... it's like I've felt the music. 38iG7qp3gLg-00092-00043564-00043758 Bye bye. 38iG7qp3gLg-00093-00043990-00044475 If you like singing this will be your home 38iG7qp3gLg-00094-00044475-00044902 Don't hesitate no more music will get you flipping 38iG7qp3gLg-00095-00044923-00045578 If you like this song You'll shout Antropoloops! 39ejB1dvqaI-00000-00000000-00000716 So we just got tasked by the emergency management. 39ejB1dvqaI-00001-00000716-00001216 The request came from the forestry service to push some MREs and some water 39ejB1dvqaI-00002-00001220-00001638 out to the local fire departments, Vander Fire Department. 39ejB1dvqaI-00003-00001989-00002104 Wet here isn't it. 39ejB1dvqaI-00004-00002104-00002368 In a little bit over a mile, it's going to be up here on the left. 39ejB1dvqaI-00005-00005324-00005896 [inaudible] So we just go through running that mission to deliver that food and water to the fire department. 39ejB1dvqaI-00006-00005910-00006554 Right now we're standing by waiting to see how high this Cape Fear River and Little River gets. 39ejB1dvqaI-00007-00006554-00007234 Last night we were given the direction from Emergency Management that if the water keeps 39ejB1dvqaI-00008-00007234-00007818 on rising, everybody immediately surrounding the river, within a mile from the river, 39ejB1dvqaI-00009-00007818-00008346 there's going to be a mandatory evacuation today up until 3 o'clock this afternoon. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00000-00000052-00000501 Welcome, everybody. I am so excited to have Tara Foley here. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00001-00000501-00001028 She is a wonderful person and the founder and CEO of Follain, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00002-00001028-00001486 which is a clean makeup and skincare retailer and brand. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00003-00001486-00001822 Tara, welcome. Thank you so much for being here. - Thank you so much for having me. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00004-00001822-00002182 I'm a huge, huge fan of GetWellBe. - Oh, thank you. Well, likewise. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00005-00002182-00002566 So for those of you who are not familiar with Follain, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00006-00002566-00003040 I just can't speak highly enough of them but essentially, I always tell people, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00007-00003040-00003496 it's kind of like a clean Sephora in a sense that they stock a lot 3_f1c6Sil5I-00008-00003496-00004118 of different clean beauty brands and have a rigorous vetting process 3_f1c6Sil5I-00009-00004118-00004492 of what they'll allow in their stores, as well as their own products 3_f1c6Sil5I-00010-00004492-00005150 and I find that everything in there works beautifully, the ambiance is lovely. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00011-00005150-00005536 There are free-standing stores, as well as a website, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00012-00005536-00005852 so anyway, I'm super excited about this. - Thank you. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00013-00005852-00006348 So today, I want to talk about how that really relates, obviously to our health 3_f1c6Sil5I-00014-00006348-00006872 and protecting our health, as well as trying to, you know, clean up your life 3_f1c6Sil5I-00015-00006872-00007244 when you might have some chronic health issues that you're trying to reverse. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00016-00007244-00007704 And so, the issue of toxins in our consumer products is one 3_f1c6Sil5I-00017-00007704-00008038 of the most important health issues today. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00018-00008038-00008402 And how did you come to care about it enough to actually 3_f1c6Sil5I-00019-00008402-00008708 dedicate your life to it and start a brand in this space? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00020-00008708-00009064 So it's a great question I actually, kind of similarly to you, Adrienne. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00021-00009064-00009434 I was starting to focus on my own health and wellness for the very first time. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00022-00009434-00009750 This was when I was fresh out of college, actually. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00023-00009750-00009910 Years ago, I was living here in New York. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00024-00009910-00010322 This was 2008 and I was in a job that I hated, basically 3_f1c6Sil5I-00025-00010322-00010690 and the only thing that felt really good was taking care of myself. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00026-00010690-00011080 So starting to cook for myself, starting to really focus on fitness and nutrition. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00027-00011080-00011436 I was practicing yoga every day. I was racing triathlons. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00028-00011436-00011748 I was getting pretty extreme with the health and wellness stuff 3_f1c6Sil5I-00029-00011748-00012178 but in my research for basically how to take care of myself, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00030-00012178-00012510 I started to even just skim the surface with products 3_f1c6Sil5I-00031-00012510-00012828 -- with beauty products, skincare products, makeup -- 3_f1c6Sil5I-00032-00012828-00013213 these products that I had been using my entire life and loved 3_f1c6Sil5I-00033-00013213-00013763 and I had no idea that they contained a ton of just very, very harmful ingredients 3_f1c6Sil5I-00034-00013763-00014163 -- harmful for people, harmful for the planet, harmful in every capacity. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00035-00014163-00014532 And so, I was fresh out of college again with a public policy degree and probably 3_f1c6Sil5I-00036-00014532-00014947 a little bit more of an activist spirit than I realized and I started reading about 3_f1c6Sil5I-00037-00014947-00015238 how there were these basically toxic ingredients lurking in 3_f1c6Sil5I-00038-00015238-00015560 my everyday products and I got really fired up. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00039-00015560-00016144 And so I started writing a blog after my day job and that basically kind of consumed me. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00040-00016144-00016484 I was telling my friends and my family members and pretty much everybody 3_f1c6Sil5I-00041-00016484-00016644 who would listen, "Have you ever turned around 3_f1c6Sil5I-00042-00016644-00017112 the ingredients on your skincare products or beauty products and actually read them 3_f1c6Sil5I-00043-00017112-00017428 and thought about what was in them?" and people obviously said no 3_f1c6Sil5I-00044-00017428-00017836 because this was 2008 and the conversation hadn't really started. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00045-00017836-00018358 And basically, you know, it got me so fired up that, you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00046-00018358-00018658 that there was no conversation and so, I wanted to start it. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00047-00018658-00018948 I knew that there needed to be a business to implement change 3_f1c6Sil5I-00048-00018948-00019518 because no changes have been made to policy or regulations since 1938 3_f1c6Sil5I-00049-00019518-00019860 when it comes to the ingredients in skincare and beauty products. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00050-00019860-00020452 And so, I decided that I wanted to get into build or joining a business 3_f1c6Sil5I-00051-00020452-00020812 that was trying to make change. So yeah, that's how it started. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00052-00020812-00021314 It started from probably more anger and passion than anything 3_f1c6Sil5I-00053-00021314-00021574 and it's been a wild ride. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00054-00021574-00021974 Yeah, I was just going to say when you said, "I love when people 3_f1c6Sil5I-00055-00021974-00022372 start businesses when they see a problem, that policy is just 3_f1c6Sil5I-00056-00022372-00022742 not responding too quickly enough," or the entrenched interests 3_f1c6Sil5I-00057-00022742-00023084 are just so powerful, they think it's going to be a very long time 3_f1c6Sil5I-00058-00023084-00023526 before that's undone and so, this is the perfect example of that beauty 3_f1c6Sil5I-00059-00023526-00023912 is a trillion-dollar global industry. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00060-00024160-00024356 People say it's recession-proof, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00061-00024356-00024690 Because even when people have no money, they'll spend $20 to make themselves 3_f1c6Sil5I-00062-00024690-00025062 feel a little bit more beautiful with a lipstick or something like that 3_f1c6Sil5I-00063-00025062-00025514 and so it's something that these conglomerates are really not... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00064-00025514-00025960 trying to make more expensive or change or have these alot... you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00065-00025960-00026333 these requirements put in as far as what they can put in people skin. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00066-00026333-00026514 It would be bad for business if they did. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00067-00026514-00026966 One of the biggest beauty conglomerate CEO has actually just- was making headlines 3_f1c6Sil5I-00068-00026966-00027339 last week saying that pollution is really good for his business because- 3_f1c6Sil5I-00069-00027339-00027648 and Instagram filters are really good for his business. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00070-00027648-00028010 Anyhow, these types of things, they still happen and it's crazy 3_f1c6Sil5I-00071-00028010-00028352 and so basically, what the big beauty industry is doing is saying, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00072-00028352-00028694 "You need to look a certain way and by the way, you need to use 3_f1c6Sil5I-00073-00028694-00029083 all of these toxic, awful ingredients to get there," and that, at the core, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00074-00029083-00029595 is incredibly disrespectful to women and anyhow, it's just going to continue 3_f1c6Sil5I-00075-00029595-00029968 to be that way as long as the companies are allowed to use these incredibly 3_f1c6Sil5I-00076-00029968-00030342 cheap ingredients because these ingredients are in there, you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00077-00030342-00030908 for preservation or performance but they don't necessarily do anything for you 3_f1c6Sil5I-00078-00030908-00031252 and ultimately, a lot of the times, they can be incredibly harmful. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00079-00031252-00031592 How has the movement around clean skincare and makeup changed 3_f1c6Sil5I-00080-00031592-00031826 since you first started thinking about this in 2008? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00081-00031826-00032172 Oh, a lot. It's changed immensely. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00082-00032172-00032448 I mean honestly, when I first started thinking about this, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00083-00032448-00032880 there were so few brands out there that were trying to make a change. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00084-00032880-00033200 I started getting into this space in 2008, started the blog in 2009, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00085-00033200-00033560 opened our first store in 2013 and when I opened our first store, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00086-00033560-00033684 we only had 10 brands. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00087-00033684-00033998 I mean, a very few of these brands even existed then. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00088-00033998-00034318 It's been amazing to watch the change over the years 3_f1c6Sil5I-00089-00034318-00034720 and basically, as customer -- excuse me -- consumers have become 3_f1c6Sil5I-00090-00034720-00034962 more and more passionate, and more and more educated, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00091-00034962-00035248 they've started to demand better choices. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00092-00035248-00035416 And so that leads to a few things. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00093-00035416-00035656 That leads to some of the bigger companies starting to 3_f1c6Sil5I-00094-00035656-00036042 clean up their act and creating lines and products that are one-off better 3_f1c6Sil5I-00095-00036042-00036548 for people and planet but it also led to the development of more green chemistry, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00096-00036548-00036858 more innovation when it comes to kind of effective, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00097-00036858-00037060 clean ingredients and products. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00098-00037060-00037386 And so over the years, now you see a new clean beauty brand 3_f1c6Sil5I-00099-00037386-00037890 every single day but it was really amazing to kind of watch that process over the years 3_f1c6Sil5I-00100-00037890-00038304 because it was truly because of these informed women and mothers. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00101-00038304-00038756 You know, basically like pounding their fists and saying, "No, we deserve better." 3_f1c6Sil5I-00102-00038756-00038876 We're in a much better spot now. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00103-00038876-00039192 There's still a lot of green-washing and there are still atrocious stuff 3_f1c6Sil5I-00104-00039192-00039576 like that happening every single day. We actually call it clean-washing because... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00105-00039576-00039724 Anyhow, but we can go into that. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00106-00039724-00040126 Yeah, that was one of my questions I wrote down was it seems to me 3_f1c6Sil5I-00107-00040126-00040458 there is a lot of clean-washing, green-washing, wellness-washing, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00108-00040458-00040938 not only with the beauty and skincare industries but also with food 3_f1c6Sil5I-00109-00040938-00041226 and a lot of amazing marketers. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00110-00041226-00041550 You know, I went to a really good marketing business school, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00111-00041550-00042118 And I think the top of our class, all took jobs at Frito-Lay, General Mills, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00112-00042118-00042428 Unilever, whatever, so the best of the best are figuring out 3_f1c6Sil5I-00113-00042428-00042940 how to sell this, you know, toxic stuff and so, we're all up against some smart cookies. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00114-00042940-00043350 So is their green-washing or their clean-washing working? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00115-00043350-00043660 I think that what they do just works in general. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00116-00043660-00044230 So one of the things that the clean and green and natural side of the beauty industry 3_f1c6Sil5I-00117-00044230-00044762 and I actually think of food out of everything, gets their kind of- people get upset with us 3_f1c6Sil5I-00118-00044762-00045294 is that we're too serious or not fun enough, especially for beauty. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00119-00045294-00045704 It's not fun enough, right? And so it's not focused on pop culture. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00120-00045704-00046270 It's not focused on, you know, the things that advertising and big businesses 3_f1c6Sil5I-00121-00046270-00046516 in the CPG space has been built on. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00122-00046516-00046910 And so I think, one of the things that they're doing is... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00123-00046910-00047156 ...just a really great job at what they do -- with advertising. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00124-00047156-00047608 And I think that you know, people are buying into products saying, "You know what? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00125-00047608-00048082 We don't really care if it's clean or green. We want to buy into a feeling of fun." 3_f1c6Sil5I-00126-00048082-00048450 So that's one of the things that I think honestly that the clean and green 3_f1c6Sil5I-00127-00048450-00049056 and natural side of the industry really could learn from is using the best of the best, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00128-00049056-00049496 you know, from those big companies you just mentioned, using those frameworks 3_f1c6Sil5I-00129-00049496-00049916 and tactics and applying them to the products that we're selling because ultimately, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00130-00049916-00050180 that's the only way that we're going to get more people into this movement 3_f1c6Sil5I-00131-00050180-00050424 and more people using these products. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00132-00050424-00050666 I mean, there aren't enough people using these products right now. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00133-00050666-00050902 Full stop. And so, I don't know if it's because 3_f1c6Sil5I-00134-00050902-00051238 we're all staring at our belly buttons and only talking to certain parts of the country. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00135-00051238-00051498 I don't know if it's because we're not fun enough 3_f1c6Sil5I-00136-00051498-00052005 but if we need to use those tactics and those types of ads 3_f1c6Sil5I-00137-00052005-00052348 that the big companies are using, so be it, you know? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00138-00052348-00052960 But yeah, there is a lot of clean-washing and green-washing, obviously. But the thing is 3_f1c6Sil5I-00139-00052960-00053470 you have to know whose standards you're onboard for to know, personally, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00140-00053470-00053644 what that means to you. - Right. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00141-00053644-00053905 So you mentioned to me, before we started filming, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00142-00053905-00054179 a statistic around how many people are using this. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00143-00054179-00054836 So it's right now, around 5% in the US, of consumers that are opting in for products 3_f1c6Sil5I-00144-00054836-00055258 that are branded or claimed to be clean and that's staggering. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00145-00055258-00055602 I mean that's crazy. It's nothing. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00146-00055602-00056136 To me the beauty and skincare component of what it takes to actually prevent 3_f1c6Sil5I-00147-00056136-00056444 chronic health issues and you know, really clean up your body, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00148-00056444-00056708 if you are dealing with something to allow your immune system 3_f1c6Sil5I-00149-00056708-00056890 to really attack it, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00150-00056890-00057444 So the idea is in general, you've seen it work for people to really 3_f1c6Sil5I-00151-00057444-00057784 heal some sort of chronic thing or just to prevent it, is really about 3_f1c6Sil5I-00152-00057784-00058238 reducing your toxic burden and that's everything from negative thoughts 3_f1c6Sil5I-00153-00058238-00058652 and stressors over to, you know, a large part of it is what you put in your mouth 3_f1c6Sil5I-00154-00058652-00058884 and also, what you put on your body. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00155-00058884-00059208 And so to me, that is the easiest thing to go. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00156-00059208-00059336 I mean it's very hard... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00157-00059336-00059874 You know, let's say you're with the food stuff, sometimes there just isn't clean stuff available 3_f1c6Sil5I-00158-00059874-00060144 and you have to make hard choices or you have stressors in your life 3_f1c6Sil5I-00159-00060144-00060448 that are very hard to undo or childhood traumas, whatever. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00160-00060448-00060654 You can't control the air outside your building. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00161-00060654-00061088 You can control what you choose to put on your face and so to me, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00162-00061088-00061352 just the 5% number just fires me up. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00163-00061352-00061448 Me too. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00164-00061448-00061852 We have so much work to do and that's what honestly fuels us and that's 3_f1c6Sil5I-00165-00061852-00062272 what we're so passion about doing at Follain is making it is easy as possible 3_f1c6Sil5I-00166-00062272-00062776 for people to start that journey, to start trying cleaner products. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00167-00062776-00063044 I mean people will ask us, "Where should I begin?" 3_f1c6Sil5I-00168-00063044-00063454 When we say, 'soap,' it's always a shock because we're known for skincare and makeup 3_f1c6Sil5I-00169-00063454-00063962 and all these fun, you know, parts of clean beauty but we always tell people. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00170-00063962-00064128 It's soap. It's the easiest thing... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00171-00064128-00064441 It's what you use most frequently throughout the day. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00172-00064441-00064879 It's usually what's creating the most waste, in terms of environmental impact, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00173-00064879-00065467 and the ingredients, they're usually packed with synthetic fragrance. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00174-00065467-00065762 They're packed with SLS and some of those foaming agents, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00175-00065762-00066048 which I could go into detail about all these ingredients. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00176-00066048-00066396 For people that might be in that exact spot that you're talking about like, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00177-00066396-00066870 "I'm just starting. I'm convinced. Now, what do I start with first?" 3_f1c6Sil5I-00178-00066870-00067140 And so, soap, that's a great example. - Soap is easy. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00179-00067140-00067474 From there, we usually say- Most people have heard about deodorant 3_f1c6Sil5I-00180-00067474-00067820 -- the issues with deodorant. That's a really important one. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00181-00067820-00068160 From there, we also say, anything that kind of covers 3_f1c6Sil5I-00182-00068160-00068570 the majority of the surface area of your body, so if you're a big makeup user like me, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00183-00068570-00068838 I need to switch makeup very early in my journey. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00184-00068838-00069144 If you're somebody who uses shave cream every day 3_f1c6Sil5I-00185-00069144-00069640 or if you're somebody who uses a ton of lotion on your body, which by the way, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00186-00069640-00069938 from your neck down is 90% of the surface area of your body, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00187-00069938-00070264 so lotion is important. Sunscreen is up there. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00188-00070264-00070882 So basically, what I'm saying is start with soap, deodorant, any kind of moisturizers 3_f1c6Sil5I-00189-00070882-00071168 or makeup that cover, you know, your whole body and sunscreen 3_f1c6Sil5I-00190-00071168-00071374 are good places to start. - Right. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00191-00071374-00071700 And so, the ingredients, if you had to kind of choose, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00192-00071700-00072386 let's say three to five most toxic in those lotions, deodorants, sunscreens, soap, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00193-00072386-00072498 what would those be...? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00194-00072498-00072988 Fragrance is the one that I get most fired up about because as we've mentioned, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00195-00072988-00073250 there's a lack of regulation in the beauty industry in the US. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00196-00073250-00073564 The biggest issue out of all of those is fragrance in that, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00197-00073564-00073784 it's considered still a loophole. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00198-00073784-00074416 It's considered a trade secret in the US, so basically, you can have up to 10,000 3_f1c6Sil5I-00199-00074416-00074686 or so ingredients inside of the word fragrance. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00200-00074686-00075212 So if you go home and read pretty much any product you have on your shelf, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00201-00075212-00075590 usually from the conventional space and it says fragrance or parfum on it, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00202-00075590-00075792 you have no idea what's inside of that. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00203-00075792-00076106 So that can be thousands and thousands of ingredients, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00204-00076106-00076612 usually petroleum-based ingredients, which again very harmful for the environment 3_f1c6Sil5I-00205-00076612-00077218 but also, no good for us. But also... - And also, petroleum is oil. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00206-00077218-00077524 Yeah. Because some people are like, "Oh, whatever that means." 3_f1c6Sil5I-00207-00077524-00077730 Oh, yes. Petrochemicals, yes. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00208-00077730-00077916 I mean, there could be potential carcinogens in there. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00209-00077916-00078178 There can be tons of very, very harmful ingredients 3_f1c6Sil5I-00210-00078178-00078320 inside of that little word fragrance. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00211-00078320-00078600 So that's probably the most offensive out of all of them. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00212-00078600-00078916 Other ingredients that I would say to avoid, I mentioned before, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00213-00078916-00079300 SLS -- sodium laureth sulfate, so that's basically the ingredient 3_f1c6Sil5I-00214-00079300-00079920 that makes products foam and suds, which is again, not necessary that probably 3_f1c6Sil5I-00215-00079920-00080218 came out of somebody from a great marketing program 3_f1c6Sil5I-00216-00080218-00080554 at a business school because it was basically created, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00217-00080554-00081002 I mean, decades ago by a company and then, they made you think, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00218-00081002-00081596 you need to have a big foamy, sudsy experience to get yourself clean. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00219-00081596-00082056 But not only is that not true at all but it's also drying your skin, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00220-00082056-00082320 potentially irritating your skin, and it's also been linked 3_f1c6Sil5I-00221-00082320-00082674 to all of those other things I said for long term health issues. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00222-00082674-00083100 And it leads to, potentially will create 1,4-dioxane 3_f1c6Sil5I-00223-00083100-00083338 and so, there's tons and tons of issues. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00224-00083338-00083936 So instead of looking for ingredients to avoid, I encourage people to shop from brands 3_f1c6Sil5I-00225-00083936-00084192 or even build your own products. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00226-00084192-00084430 Think of it from the other side, basically. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00227-00084432-00084844 Try and think of it in a way that it's healthy and it's wholesome 3_f1c6Sil5I-00228-00084844-00085044 and it's coming from a place of good. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00229-00085044-00085334 So if you read an ingredient label, it should be fairly short 3_f1c6Sil5I-00230-00085334-00085632 and it should be fairly recognizable, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00231-00085632-00085826 It's the same thing as food. Exactly. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00232-00085826-00086190 I just think that instead of looking for ingredients to avoid, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00233-00086190-00086610 I would find brands and products and ingredients that you know you trust 3_f1c6Sil5I-00234-00086610-00087018 and that you know work well for your body specifically and just stick with them. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00235-00087018-00087334 Yeah, and just from the health perspective like things 3_f1c6Sil5I-00236-00087334-00087530 that are carcinogenic are, you know... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00237-00087530-00087796 for anybody doesn't know that word and I don't want anyone to feel stupid, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00238-00087796-00088000 that's cancer-causing, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00239-00088000-00088370 And endocrine disruption, I think that term gets thrown around a lot 3_f1c6Sil5I-00240-00088370-00088808 but it's important to realize like how deep that actually goes in 3_f1c6Sil5I-00241-00088808-00088928 the different systems of the body. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00242-00088928-00089242 So hormone disruption, hormones are very linked to gut health. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00243-00089242-00089574 Gut health is the foundation of all human health as we now know it 3_f1c6Sil5I-00244-00089574-00089992 and so, when your gut is out of whack, your hormones are out of whack. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00245-00089992-00090350 You can disrupt your thyroid function, your adrenal function. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00246-00090350-00090788 All of these, it's a cascading series of events and so, it goes the other way too. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00247-00090788-00091206 When you have hormone disruption, it can lead to developmental issues. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00248-00091206-00091390 There's that gut-brain connection. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00249-00091390-00091772 That's why a lot of these products for pregnant women are not allowed 3_f1c6Sil5I-00250-00091772-00092174 because then, if it gets in-utero, then it affects the fetus's brain. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00251-00092174-00092422 The possibilities... - It can go on and on and on. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00252-00092422-00092610 … Are endless, you know? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00253-00092610-00093104 And then that child is medicated and then those medications have serious side effects. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00254-00093104-00093696 It sounds like a small thing to do, like what's the big deal about putting 3_f1c6Sil5I-00255-00093696-00093904 my favorite bronzer on every day. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00256-00093904-00094202 I mean, there's no way this is going to be the thing that takes me down and yet, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00257-00094202-00094636 it has so many implications for human health like all throughout 3_f1c6Sil5I-00258-00094636-00094774 the different systems within your body. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00259-00094774-00095012 And the thing is it's never just bronzer, you know? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00260-00095012-00095586 Women are using like upwards of 10, 15 products a day and bronzer 3_f1c6Sil5I-00261-00095586-00095844 is one product in your whole line up of... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00262-00095844-00096318 Your toothpaste, your deodorant, your hair- you know, go down the list, right. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00263-00096318-00096774 And that adds up to a pretty serious toxic burden 3_f1c6Sil5I-00264-00096774-00097040 and these are ingredients that are bioaccumulative. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00265-00097040-00097418 Your body does not know how to break them down and their with you forever. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00266-00097418-00098104 That's on top of the rest of the toxic situation of just living in 2019 and you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00267-00098104-00098268 walking down the street... - Breathing air. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00268-00098268-00098504 Breathing the smog with all the, you know, cars outside. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00269-00098620-00098986 When you're in an airport, you really can't use anything 3_f1c6Sil5I-00270-00098986-00099314 but that, you know, toxic soap, so you're already being exposed, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00271-00099314-00099702 so the least you can do is what you can control at home and with your own products. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00272-00099702-00099994 Should be, you know, the stuff that's not causing harm 3_f1c6Sil5I-00273-00099994-00100304 and as I always say, like at what cost, you know? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00274-00100304-00100588 Is it really that big a deal to have that exact thing 3_f1c6Sil5I-00275-00100588-00100832 that you have always been using, like at what cost? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00276-00100832-00101222 And also, as you were saying, there are so many excellent other choices 3_f1c6Sil5I-00277-00101222-00101752 that work just as well and I love seeing the back of a simple ingredients list 3_f1c6Sil5I-00278-00101752-00102010 that might have, you know, one ingredient. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00279-00102010-00102428 Face oil that has just, you know, and it's something nourishing as you're saying. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00280-00102428-00102770 Products that relate to beauty and skin, they don't have to be toxic 3_f1c6Sil5I-00281-00102770-00103188 and they can also actually be nourishing with things like avocado and aloe vera. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00282-00103188-00103409 That's the only reason why our business is growing and that's the only reason 3_f1c6Sil5I-00283-00103409-00103788 why this piece of the industry is growing because it actually works. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00284-00103788-00104372 The thing is as we were talking about this before is that, it's not as benign 3_f1c6Sil5I-00285-00104372-00104820 and it's not as universal as conventional products, so you really have to, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00286-00104820-00105200 you know, hold somebody's hand through the process of finding the right thing for you. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00287-00105200-00105552 You just brought up a great example -- single source face oils. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00288-00105552-00105876 So if somebody comes into the store and they say they have very sensitive skin 3_f1c6Sil5I-00289-00105876-00106159 and you know, they've tried a lot of products that don't work for them, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00290-00106159-00106444 we have a long conversation with them and we may end up, you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00291-00106444-00106733 recommending just a plain rosehip seed oil and that's it. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00292-00106733-00106920 That's the only thing that's in the bottle. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00293-00106920-00107378 But that may work better for them than anything, any "anti-aging" 3_f1c6Sil5I-00294-00107378-00107782 or whatever product they've ever used in their life because it's just like food. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00295-00107782-00108092 Once your body finds something, your skin is your largest- It's an organ. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00296-00108092-00108196 It's your largest organ. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00297-00108196-00108638 Once it finds something that it really likes, it's going to make it glow 3_f1c6Sil5I-00298-00108638-00108922 and it's going to make it thrive. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00299-00108922-00109358 We're in the business of doing is matching people to the right ingredients 3_f1c6Sil5I-00300-00109358-00109690 and products for them and that's how we believe we're going to make 3_f1c6Sil5I-00301-00109690-00109958 the ultimate biggest change, not just in the industry 3_f1c6Sil5I-00302-00109958-00110168 but just with people's health, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00303-00110168-00110692 And wellness and happiness and everything is because you deserve to use products 3_f1c6Sil5I-00304-00110692-00110918 that are healthy for you, healthy for the planet but actually, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00305-00110918-00111190 make you confident and make you glow. - Right. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00306-00111246-00111644 I think it's similar to food in that, there's no one diet for everybody. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00307-00111644-00112228 We're all a makeup of trillions of microbes that all interact with different foods 3_f1c6Sil5I-00308-00112228-00112790 and ingredients differently and so, that's why I don't really subscribe to any 3_f1c6Sil5I-00309-00112790-00113259 one diet for anything or like, "Are you paleo? Are you this? Are you that?" 3_f1c6Sil5I-00310-00113259-00113602 And I am sort of subscribed to a general way of doing things 3_f1c6Sil5I-00311-00113602-00113996 and I do believe in diets for therapeutic reasons 3_f1c6Sil5I-00312-00113996-00114183 like you have an autoimmune condition. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00313-00114183-00114518 Well, it's likely that you may want to try the autoimmune paleo diet first 3_f1c6Sil5I-00314-00114518-00114661 and see how that goes, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00315-00114664-00115085 But the same thing with skincare, which I think a lot of people don't get is like, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00316-00115085-00115456 "Oh, what's your favorite blank?" And I think people just like to know 3_f1c6Sil5I-00317-00115456-00115744 so I'll say, "Oh, I use this face oil, this or that," 3_f1c6Sil5I-00318-00115744-00116009 but that may not be the product for you. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00319-00116009-00116348 Your skin is totally different from mine, so you have to play around a bit. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00320-00116348-00116661 - that's different than the conventional space that we all grew up with and know so well. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00321-00116661-00117108 I mean everybody in the entire country uses or used at some point, Cetaphil right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00322-00117108-00117416 And because it's very benign, it doesn't do any harm, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00323-00117416-00117630 it doesn't do any good, it's just kind of there. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00324-00117630-00118102 And so when people come in and we're recommending very different textures 3_f1c6Sil5I-00325-00118102-00118459 and feels and everything in terms of face cleansers and moisturizers, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00326-00118459-00118933 it's often a big undertaking for them, so you really need to hold somebody's hand 3_f1c6Sil5I-00327-00118933-00119085 to find the right thing for you. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00328-00119085-00119398 Otherwise, the last thing we want people to do is to say, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00329-00119398-00119690 "Oh, all of clean and natural skincare usually doesn't work," 3_f1c6Sil5I-00330-00119690-00119985 because they tried something that they basically didn't have 3_f1c6Sil5I-00331-00119985-00120116 a great reaction to. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00332-00120116-00120780 So I really encourage everybody listening and watching and anything to find a friend 3_f1c6Sil5I-00333-00120780-00121302 or an expert or a retailer like us or a brand -- go to Follain -- find somebody 3_f1c6Sil5I-00334-00121302-00121761 to help you match you to the right products because that is kind of the benefit 3_f1c6Sil5I-00335-00121761-00122168 and then, the issue with clean is that you really need some help 3_f1c6Sil5I-00336-00122168-00122283 in finding the right one for you. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00337-00122283-00122759 And also, if you are really busy and want to just order some things online, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00338-00122759-00123102 you know, I would say, "Done is better than perfect," 3_f1c6Sil5I-00339-00123102-00123532 so if you've been putting off cleaning up your makeup act 3_f1c6Sil5I-00340-00123532-00123832 or your skincare act because you want to go talk to somebody 3_f1c6Sil5I-00341-00123832-00124270 about it at length and it's been years, just order some stuff. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00342-00124270-00124380 You know, try it out. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00343-00124380-00124588 Let's say it has... - We have on our site too 3_f1c6Sil5I-00344-00124588-00124948 ...and you can take the quiz on Follain but just, you know, start the process 3_f1c6Sil5I-00345-00124948-00125468 because one foot in one direction is better than no feet in any directions 3_f1c6Sil5I-00346-00125468-00125959 and also, half the things or 75% of the things may be exactly what you needed 3_f1c6Sil5I-00347-00125959-00126188 and all you have to do is worry about a few tweaks, you know? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00348-00126188-00126385 But at least you started the train in the right direction 3_f1c6Sil5I-00349-00126385-00126724 because every day that goes by, that yourself putting the stuff on, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00350-00126724-00126950 is like, you know, come one, make the change. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00351-00126950-00127308 … When you run out of something, you should buy a new version, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00352-00127308-00127552 in, you know, in a cleaner option. - Exactly. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00353-00127552-00127892 Don't go back to something that you already know is not... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00354-00127892-00128108 But getting educated and knowing that you need to make the switch 3_f1c6Sil5I-00355-00128108-00128366 is the biggest battle, I think for most people which is why 3_f1c6Sil5I-00356-00128366-00128640 it's so great we're having this conversation today. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00357-00128640-00128809 And hopefully, some people are going to listen. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00358-00128809-00129146 I would talk about the policy side of this because to me, the fact that there is 3_f1c6Sil5I-00359-00129146-00129724 so little consumer protection in the skincare and makeup space, drives me insane 3_f1c6Sil5I-00360-00129724-00130064 and I know it gets you super fired up too, so we should talk about that. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00361-00130064-00130232 And you live and breathe this. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00362-00130232-00130632 You know more than I do -- a lot more than I do -- about the policy side. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00363-00130702-00131156 I know that Dianne Feinstein who's a Democratic senator from California, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00364-00131156-00131514 as well as Susan Collins who's a Republican senator from Maine 3_f1c6Sil5I-00365-00131514-00132034 introduced the Personal Care Products Safety Act to the Senate in March of 2019. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00366-00132034-00132374 So I was excited by this but there's a lot behind the scenes 3_f1c6Sil5I-00367-00132374-00132548 that you know about. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00368-00132648-00133042 Follain was on the list of companies that supports this bill 3_f1c6Sil5I-00369-00133042-00133552 and I know that you went down and lobbied congress in 2017 for it 3_f1c6Sil5I-00370-00133552-00133900 but what's the status of this bill? Are there other bills? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00371-00133900-00134126 What's really going to happen? Just give it to me straight. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00372-00134126-00134368 I know it's going to be depressing but give it to me straight. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00373-00134368-00134836 Yeah, I know. The answer is unfortunately kind of depressing and I'll just say that 3_f1c6Sil5I-00374-00134836-00135408 as a public policy major, as somebody who was willing to commit my life 3_f1c6Sil5I-00375-00135408-00135788 and career to making change to these types of things on the hill, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00376-00135788-00136370 I couldn't do it because it was so frustrating and depressing because it moves so slowly. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00377-00136370-00136774 So I think that the only way that we're going to get these bills 3_f1c6Sil5I-00378-00136774-00137144 to move through Congress faster is by continuing to raise awareness 3_f1c6Sil5I-00379-00137144-00137372 and educate through Follain, through things like this 3_f1c6Sil5I-00380-00137372-00137858 because the only reason why the Feinstein-Collins Bill, which is a good one 3_f1c6Sil5I-00381-00137858-00138532 is up right now is because the congress is starting to feel more pressure 3_f1c6Sil5I-00382-00138532-00138712 than ever on this topic. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00383-00138712-00139274 And so obviously, it's a huge industry and they create so many jobs, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00384-00139274-00139584 so there's still a lot of issues with that bill. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00385-00139584-00140074 So one example that I brought up earlier is that I think it only reviews 3_f1c6Sil5I-00386-00140074-00140530 five ingredients a year, which is just like not okay. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00387-00140530-00140858 First of all, it hasn't been passed yet, so let's just get it passed, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00388-00140858-00141208 And that's going to take a while in and of itself because it continues 3_f1c6Sil5I-00389-00141208-00141502 to get punted, punted, punted but then if it does pass, you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00390-00141502-00142192 it will only have five ingredients a year up for the FDA to review, which by the way, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00391-00142192-00142492 that would be a lot because they don't really have a staff 3_f1c6Sil5I-00392-00142492-00142686 or a team dedicated to this. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00393-00142686-00143094 So it doesn't include like bringing in more team members to do this. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00394-00143094-00143460 That's why it's only five ingredients a year but that's not okay because thousands 3_f1c6Sil5I-00395-00143460-00143834 and thousands of ingredients exist and come on to the market every single year. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00396-00143834-00144184 Tell people for reference how many are coming in because five was like, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00397-00144184-00144450 "Okay. But if it's thousands, I mean..." 3_f1c6Sil5I-00398-00144450-00144644 It's silly. It's silly. - It's a drop in the bucket. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00399-00144644-00144802 Yeah. It's a drop in the bucket. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00400-00144802-00145238 Other things that it does that would be really positive was that 3_f1c6Sil5I-00401-00145238-00145454 it would require a product recall. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00402-00145454-00146034 I'm sure some people listening or watching will remember about the issue 3_f1c6Sil5I-00403-00146034-00146508 with WEN Haircare years ago and it was making all of these customers go bald 3_f1c6Sil5I-00404-00146508-00146890 and basically, they weren't required to do anything because there is no requirement 3_f1c6Sil5I-00405-00146890-00147336 for companies to have a formal product recall right now in the US. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00406-00147336-00147658 So that's a really positive thing that the bill would do. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00407-00147658-00147846 What else would it do? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00408-00147846-00148444 It would require a certain element of standards for manufacturing like GMP 3_f1c6Sil5I-00409-00148444-00148936 -- good manufacturing processes -- and other things around that territory. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00410-00148936-00149292 There are a lot of really good things about the bill but again, I ultimately just- 3_f1c6Sil5I-00411-00149292-00149622 I'm super frustrated because it takes so long for these things to move. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00412-00149622-00150340 California has been making the most progress per usual, in terms of legislation. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00413-00150340-00151016 There's a really awesome bill right now up in California for fragrance transparency 3_f1c6Sil5I-00414-00151016-00151332 and we were talking earlier about all the issues with fragrance. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00415-00151332-00151648 It would basically require disclosure of what's inside of it. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00416-00151648-00151854 Oh, that's huge. - Yeah. So, so huge. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00417-00151854-00152048 So that would be a really great thing. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00418-00152048-00152638 They also have Prop 65, which talks about all different types 3_f1c6Sil5I-00419-00152638-00153070 of consumer products but beauty is obviously included in that and requires a certain element 3_f1c6Sil5I-00420-00153070-00153186 of ingredient disclosure as well. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00421-00153264-00153544 The US isn't making the progress that we want. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00422-00153544-00153972 California is making a lot of progress and I think that obviously, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00423-00153972-00154416 products that are sold on e-commerce, you have to fit the California standards, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00424-00154416-00154876 so it would be great if they continue to move the needle and move things forward. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00425-00154876-00155378 We're not going to be able to do it maybe on the policy side, for now, which is really... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00426-00155378-00155826 I mean, we might be able to if people continue to demand better, you know? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00427-00155826-00156240 Right. That's what I was going to say, like what can we, as consumer advocates, do...? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00428-00156240-00156416 Vote with your dollar. - Right. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00429-00156416-00156842 Basically what I've learned is that, you know, industry moves 3_f1c6Sil5I-00430-00156842-00157004 so much faster than government. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00431-00157004-00157248 So think about the organic food movement, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00432-00157248-00157680 They didn't require that all foods be made organically and maybe, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00433-00157680-00158044 that will never happen but the amount of food 3_f1c6Sil5I-00434-00158044-00158406 that's now being grown organically or that's available in different areas 3_f1c6Sil5I-00435-00158406-00158770 because of consumer pressure to they want to buy it and so, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00436-00158770-00159138 all of these different retailers: Wal-Mart and Costco. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00437-00159138-00159496 Costco is one of the biggest organic retailers out there and so, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00438-00159496-00159808 that all happened fairly quickly when you look at- 3_f1c6Sil5I-00439-00159808-00160288 when the pressure really started being mounted and that really came 3_f1c6Sil5I-00440-00160288-00160376 from awareness and education. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00441-00160376-00160802 So I think if we do the same things on the beauty and skincare side 3_f1c6Sil5I-00442-00160802-00161120 and people are saying, "This is crazy. I don't want this," 3_f1c6Sil5I-00443-00161120-00161670 then some of these more national retailers will have to respond and Follain will just 3_f1c6Sil5I-00444-00161670-00161982 take over the world and then we'll have you guys to go by that. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00445-00161982-00162318 But that's why I decided after, you know... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00446-00162318-00162668 So discovering this in 2008, starting the blog in 2009, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00447-00162668-00162980 then I went to business school after that to try and work on a plan for this 3_f1c6Sil5I-00448-00162980-00163398 and ultimately, that's why I decided to open a retailer as opposed to a brand 3_f1c6Sil5I-00449-00163398-00163770 because as a retailer, you have the ability to set a policy 3_f1c6Sil5I-00450-00163770-00163944 and a standard for many brands. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00451-00163944-00164314 And so basically, what I spent a long time doing was figuring out, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00452-00164314-00164728 with environmental health experts, scientists, chemists, what our standard 3_f1c6Sil5I-00453-00164728-00165064 was going to be and what ingredients we weren't going to allow 3_f1c6Sil5I-00454-00165064-00165528 within those four walls of the stores and what ingredients we were going to allow 3_f1c6Sil5I-00455-00165528-00165902 and even from there, how we're going to set the standard for performance 3_f1c6Sil5I-00456-00165902-00166252 because the products have to actually work and do what they claim to. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00457-00166252-00166780 So that basically, as a retailer, it gives us the ability to set a standard 3_f1c6Sil5I-00458-00166780-00167342 that in the absence of, you know, a USDA organic, which the food industry 3_f1c6Sil5I-00459-00167342-00167740 is so lucky to have, but also isn't perfect in so many ways, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00460-00167818-00168018 it gave us the ability to set our own standards. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00461-00168018-00168360 So at least, consumers can know that when they walk into our store 3_f1c6Sil5I-00462-00168360-00168654 or go on to our site, everything's been vetted and meets that standard. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00463-00168654-00168904 I love that and that was actually one of my questions today, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00464-00168904-00169402 like how did you even start that and is there a way to kind of sum up in, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00465-00169402-00169712 you know, less than a minute, what your standard is or not really? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00466-00169712-00169836 It's very complicated, I'm sure. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00467-00169836-00169926 No, I mean, I think- 3_f1c6Sil5I-00468-00169926-00170438 Our standard really is safety and performance and so, the safety side is guided by 3_f1c6Sil5I-00469-00170438-00170924 restricted substance list that we built, again with a bunch of green chemists, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00470-00170924-00171384 environmental health experts, policy experts and it was the first of its kind 3_f1c6Sil5I-00471-00171384-00171558 in the beauty-specific space. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00472-00171558-00171992 Obviously, Whole Foods had their whole body standard but ours was very different 3_f1c6Sil5I-00473-00171992-00172172 because of a few different reasons. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00474-00172172-00172854 So, we have that -- our safety standard -- and then basically we say that everything 3_f1c6Sil5I-00475-00172854-00173192 needs to come from a need, so we don't over assort in our store, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00476-00173192-00173374 so we're extremely curated. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00477-00173374-00173786 To give you an example, we don't carry any full brands' portfolio of products. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00478-00173786-00174152 We carry what they're best at making because again, the whole entire point of Follain 3_f1c6Sil5I-00479-00174152-00174762 is to make it as easy as possible to switch to and stick with clean products. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00480-00174762-00175158 So basically, after you meet the safety standard and criteria, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00481-00175158-00175644 you basically have to meet a really pretty stringent performance criteria 3_f1c6Sil5I-00482-00175644-00176030 and that's the very short version of it. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00483-00176030-00176172 But it's all in our site. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00484-00176172-00176388 … I'm getting your brand… - Exactly. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00485-00176388-00176556 That's a really good way of putting it. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00486-00176556-00176752 Twelve rounds, like you're in. - Yeah. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00487-00176752-00176942 I wish there was a Follain-approved 3_f1c6Sil5I-00488-00176942-00177318 like in other places too because, you know, most places don't have a... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00489-00177318-00177616 I like that idea. - … vetting process whatsoever. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00490-00177616-00177872 They're just saying like our clean beauty section 3_f1c6Sil5I-00491-00177872-00178256 and you go over there and to who? - That's clean-washing at its finest. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00492-00178256-00178514 Who says, you know? So I don't trust any of that. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00493-00178514-00179112 I'm only using apps in my own research and you guys but I think that in, you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00494-00179112-00179456 lots of parts of the country, that's the only option they have, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00495-00179456-00179734 in certain places, like a Duane Reade or CVS. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00496-00179734-00179976 That's really it. - We want to get into those parts of the country. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00497-00179976-00180170 Not necessarily with our stores but we just need to- 3_f1c6Sil5I-00498-00180170-00180472 with our education with everything because that education 3_f1c6Sil5I-00499-00180472-00180674 is what moves the needle ultimately. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00500-00180674-00181180 Yeah, I think awareness and education is the precursor to every major movement 3_f1c6Sil5I-00501-00181180-00181348 that's ever happened in the whole world. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00502-00181348-00181730 So whether we're doing it with beauty or politics or whatever, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00503-00181730-00182040 it's super important and obviously, why I do what I do too. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00504-00182040-00182186 You're talking about performance -- 3_f1c6Sil5I-00505-00182186-00182600 the best performing clean products that you are sort of surprised 3_f1c6Sil5I-00506-00182600-00182996 they work even better than the conventionally-made ones. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00507-00182996-00183472 We have serums that have, you know, glycolic acid and things like that in there, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00508-00183472-00184016 which are all from naturally-derived ingredients but they can nourish your skin, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00509-00184016-00184446 refine your skin and actually, make your skin look just as glowing as 3_f1c6Sil5I-00510-00184446-00184708 it would if you were using a conventional product. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00511-00184708-00185076 You just have to find the right ones that fit your skin where you are 3_f1c6Sil5I-00512-00185076-00185262 and your lifestyle and everything else like that. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00513-00185262-00185712 And I'll add, because I buy it at Follain, that the ILIA Lipstick... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00514-00185712-00186032 Oh, good. I'm wearing that right now. - I think we wear the same shade. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00515-00186032-00186670 I've always had a little bit drier lips and I've always found that an actual lipstick 3_f1c6Sil5I-00516-00186670-00186928 was not moisturizing enough, so I just use ChapStick. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00517-00186928-00187080 I should have put that question right back on you. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00518-00187080-00187212 That's great. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00519-00187212-00187534 So that one has always surprised me, like this is actually even better 3_f1c6Sil5I-00520-00187534-00187916 than a conventional lipstick, which intended to usually dry out my lips 3_f1c6Sil5I-00521-00187916-00188134 but then I also don't like the feeling of lip gloss, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00522-00188134-00188626 so I'd really surprised and delighted by -- - Because they're based on real ingredients. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00523-00188626-00188998 So they're based in cocoa butters and shea butters and I think 3_f1c6Sil5I-00524-00188998-00189556 there's a castor oil in the ILIA lip conditioner and you eat what you put on your lips, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00525-00189556-00189704 so it's that much more important. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00526-00189704-00190088 I was going to say, somebody was telling me to do a castor oil pack 3_f1c6Sil5I-00527-00190088-00190394 for something and I haven't yet but now, I can just say, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00528-00190394-00190792 "Well, the lipstick I wear is giving me all my castor oil so I don't need to." 3_f1c6Sil5I-00529-00190792-00190888 - Checked that box. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00530-00190888-00191160 Last but not least, we haven't even talked about the fact, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00531-00191160-00191512 because of course, WellBe is more focused on the health side of the story 3_f1c6Sil5I-00532-00191512-00192036 but the fact that you are a very busy entrepreneur as well, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00533-00192036-00192406 who's got to think about your own wellness as you're going through this, you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00534-00192406-00192938 real crusade to get cleaner products across the nation and maybe the world 3_f1c6Sil5I-00535-00192938-00193164 but focusing on you a little bit. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00536-00193164-00193354 So you're the mom of two little ones. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00537-00193354-00193634 I think two under three? - Yeah. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00538-00193634-00193826 A three-year-old and a one-year-old. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00539-00193826-00194092 Which is just amazing and you've got, what? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00540-00194092-00194340 Thirty employees at this point or...? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00541-00194340-00194536 More than that, for sure. - Fifty or...? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00542-00194536-00194716 Probably around 50 right now. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00543-00194716-00194858 Yeah, so that's just like a kind of a lot... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00544-00194858-00195160 Across all the stores because we have six stores, that's why. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00545-00195160-00195422 So just for, you know, for people who are interested in actually 3_f1c6Sil5I-00546-00195422-00195682 going to one of your stories. So you're in DC... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00547-00195682-00196180 Yup, in DC, in Boston, in New York, in Seattle and in Dallas. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00548-00196244-00196362 Awesome. - Yeah. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00549-00196362-00196878 And so obviously, people are curious like you have access to the best products 3_f1c6Sil5I-00550-00196878-00197326 all the time. What are you always using... - For myself? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00551-00197326-00197560 For yourself and I know you're probably using a lot of things 3_f1c6Sil5I-00552-00197560-00197888 but just kind of your every day stuff. - Okay. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00553-00197888-00198212 That's a really hard question because I'm always testing new things 3_f1c6Sil5I-00554-00198212-00198738 to bring in and also, I'm a product junkie so I use a lot of things. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00555-00198738-00198964 Or not the brands necessarily because I'm sure you're always 3_f1c6Sil5I-00556-00198964-00199314 trying different brands but just kind of like the actual product. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00557-00199314-00199716 At night, I have a much more involved routine than in the morning. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00558-00199716-00200320 So at night, your skin has the chance to kind of like regenerate and absorb nutrients 3_f1c6Sil5I-00559-00200320-00200864 from products, so I invest in a longer routine and more products at night 3_f1c6Sil5I-00560-00200864-00201290 and then in the morning, you're exposed to the environmental stuff in the air. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00561-00201290-00201580 You're exposed to sunlight, you sweat, all of those things. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00562-00201580-00201986 So I literally just wash my face with water in the morning to not undo 3_f1c6Sil5I-00563-00201986-00202594 all the goodness that the products at night did and then I'll just literally put on a face oil 3_f1c6Sil5I-00564-00202594-00202988 and usually a sunscreen in the morning -- super basic. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00565-00202988-00203324 And then I like makeup, so I wear some of that sometimes. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00566-00203422-00203686 And then at night, I do a lot of stuff. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00567-00203794-00203942 Do you really want to know? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00568-00203942-00204064 I'll tell you. - Really rapid fire. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00569-00204064-00204206 I'll go rapid fire. Okay. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00570-00204206-00204728 I usually use two cleansers, so I'll start with an oil or a bomb cleanser 3_f1c6Sil5I-00571-00204728-00205080 to remove my makeup but also because it's a really nice experience. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00572-00205142-00205636 And then I'll use another gentle cleanser to actually clean my skin, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00573-00205636-00206119 then I'll use a toner, which helps oils and moisturisers absorb in better. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00574-00206119-00206369 In the clean beauty space, it's really important. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00575-00206369-00206567 Then I'll use an oil. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00576-00206567-00206894 And then I'll usually use a serum and then I'll probably do it with eye cream 3_f1c6Sil5I-00577-00206894-00207076 or cream or something like that on top. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00578-00207076-00207500 You know, when you said you use a lot of products, that's kind of- 3_f1c6Sil5I-00579-00207550-00207766 there's only a few more that you use than I... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00580-00207766-00207964 So really, I think that's a normal... - Oh, good. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00581-00207964-00208280 Maybe somewhat of a normal woman's night routine. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00582-00208280-00208716 It feels very indulgent to be honest because that is my time for myself. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00583-00208716-00208848 It is insane during the day. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00584-00208848-00209134 I'm just like- I feel like I'm sprinting on a treadmill, you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00585-00209134-00209510 between working and everything with our kids and then, you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00586-00209510-00209734 trying to exercise and doing... I'm literally trying to go on a treadmill. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00587-00209790-00210030 When I go into the bathroom and shut the door to do 3_f1c6Sil5I-00588-00210032-00210566 my evening skincare routine, that is kind of the most meditative moment I have to myself. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00589-00210566-00210878 So I think I really indulge in all of those steps, so maybe I think 3_f1c6Sil5I-00590-00210878-00211206 that there's more involved than there is. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00591-00211206-00211628 Because that's kind of my special time for myself, as cliché as that sound, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00592-00211628-00211762 so that's really important. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00593-00211762-00212142 I get that completely and I usually have a couple of minutes in my bathroom 3_f1c6Sil5I-00594-00212142-00212532 before I get in bed alone and I do a little bit less than you 3_f1c6Sil5I-00595-00212532-00212969 but it is also this moment where I find myself slowing down finally 3_f1c6Sil5I-00596-00212971-00213576 and feeling my fingers on my face and actually being in my body for 3_f1c6Sil5I-00597-00213576-00214134 maybe the first time all day, which is terrible but super important to just 3_f1c6Sil5I-00598-00214134-00214710 kind of realize that you're a human being, that you feel yourself and not just operate, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00599-00214710-00215123 you know, drinking from a fire hose and you know, out of consciousness 3_f1c6Sil5I-00600-00215123-00215214 as they say, right? 3_f1c6Sil5I-00601-00215214-00215800 So besides the skin care products, we have a something that we ask everybody 3_f1c6Sil5I-00602-00215800-00216054 that we've interviewed at WellBe called the GetWellBe series. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00603-00216054-00216534 So essentially just understanding what your absolute 'can't-miss' practices 3_f1c6Sil5I-00604-00216534-00217016 that you do to keep yourself well every day and this can be one thing, two things, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00605-00217016-00217100 three things, whatever. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00606-00217100-00217560 I mean, most people don't have that many that they won't miss, you know, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00607-00217560-00217716 it's the stuff that's really important to them. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00608-00217716-00218284 They know it works for their mental wellbeing or their immune system support or whatever. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00609-00218330-00218740 So for starters, I #getwellbe with my evening skincare routine 3_f1c6Sil5I-00610-00218740-00219071 every single night. That's table stakes for me. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00611-00219071-00219598 It's the moment that I take for myself to close the door and it's meditative, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00612-00219598-00220021 it's indulgent and I have to do that every single day. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00613-00220021-00220726 I also #getwellbe by stretching and taking a moment to myself in the morning, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00614-00220726-00220908 where it's just me. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00615-00220908-00221330 So that's the beginning and end of the day, where I have like a time where it's just- 3_f1c6Sil5I-00616-00221330-00221586 I mean when you have a team and you have kids and you have everything, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00617-00221586-00221866 there's a lot of moments where you're surrounded by others 3_f1c6Sil5I-00618-00221866-00222078 and I need to have a moment where I'm taking deep breaths 3_f1c6Sil5I-00619-00222078-00222398 and focus on only that and those are my two moments. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00620-00222421-00222723 That's amazing. I was just going to say, I don't really know any moms 3_f1c6Sil5I-00621-00222723-00222967 that get a moment to themselves when they wake up because somebody's 3_f1c6Sil5I-00622-00222967-00223128 usually screaming and you got to go get... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00623-00223128-00223500 They are and so, I'll usually do it before they wake up 3_f1c6Sil5I-00624-00223500-00223948 or I'll do it right before I leave to go do something, like to go to work 3_f1c6Sil5I-00625-00223948-00224230 or to drop off for school or something like that but I always take a moment. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00626-00224230-00224569 Or sometimes, it's after I drop them off but yeah. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00627-00224569-00224864 Wow. Well, you're holding it together very well 3_f1c6Sil5I-00628-00224864-00225128 and your skin looks wonderful for anybody that... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00629-00225128-00225282 So does yours. - …can't see. Thank you. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00630-00225282-00225590 Well, I'm using almost all Follain stuff. - I know. It looks good. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00631-00225590-00225916 Well, thank you so much for being here today, Tara. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00632-00225916-00226394 I admire you so much, as I mentioned and I just hope that 3_f1c6Sil5I-00633-00226394-00226758 that 5% that you mentioned of the country that's actually... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00634-00226758-00227258 Yeah, we have to change that. - … Using clean products on their skin really, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00635-00227258-00227552 you know, that number shoots up and I think everything you're doing 3_f1c6Sil5I-00636-00227552-00228084 with your awareness and education, as well as obviously being able to offer people, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00637-00228084-00228660 these high performing, high quality safe products, is also the answer 3_f1c6Sil5I-00638-00228664-00228988 because if there's nothing else, you know, people are going to keep using 3_f1c6Sil5I-00639-00228988-00229178 the bad stuff so that's all super important. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00640-00229178-00229519 And I think you're on the right track to make some serious changes and now 3_f1c6Sil5I-00641-00229519-00229767 we'll just all have to get together and you know, WellBe and Follain 3_f1c6Sil5I-00642-00229767-00230282 lobbying session and take on the big guns and see if we can't continue 3_f1c6Sil5I-00643-00230282-00230616 the policy side of it too because I think, that is important. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00644-00230616-00230912 All it does is people continuing the conversation and then, 3_f1c6Sil5I-00645-00230912-00231104 it will get to the right places. - Yeah. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00646-00231106-00231396 And also I think people being empowered in their own health. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00647-00231396-00231762 and not waiting for someone to put a, "This is banned," 3_f1c6Sil5I-00648-00231762-00232169 or a label or USDA Organic or whatever on something. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00649-00232169-00232712 But just to understand that, at the end of the day, your body is the only home that you have forever 3_f1c6Sil5I-00650-00232712-00233160 and, as we say at WellBe, the hundred choices that you make a day are really your true healthcare. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00651-00233262-00233423 - I love that. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00652-00233423-00233571 - Thanks. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00653-00233640-00233992 So you know, when you think about it that way, it's so much easier 3_f1c6Sil5I-00654-00233992-00234302 and you also can feel better that you'll be able to avoid 3_f1c6Sil5I-00655-00234302-00234619 the healthcare system simply by making slightly different choices 3_f1c6Sil5I-00656-00234619-00235008 every single day, and not getting in to the mess of that, if you... 3_f1c6Sil5I-00657-00235034-00235608 Emergencies aside, if you really understand that, like you said, "your skin is your biggest organ", 3_f1c6Sil5I-00658-00235608-00236034 and every single thing that you put in it impacts it in so many different ways. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00659-00236034-00236094 - Yes. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00660-00236094-00236171 - So, awesome. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00661-00236171-00236448 Well, thank you so much again - Thank you so much for having me. 3_f1c6Sil5I-00662-00236448-00236530 - A true pleasure. 3_fTplR0Kqy-00000-00000000-00000300 Comment stream timing is slightly modified for easier viewing 3_fTplR0Kqy-00001-00000800-00001000 tabitahhhh: 👍 wenjietheonlyone: 👋 3_fTplR0Kqy-00002-00001000-00001200 ayari_iskander: 😂 3_fTplR0Kqy-00003-00001200-00001400 honeymaedango: Where are you going today? aly_oates: Do you like Harry Potter 3_fTplR0Kqy-00004-00001400-00001600 eliot_dcshoecousa: 😂😂😂 3_fTplR0Kqy-00005-00001600-00001800 ikar0s3: Hi again suzyduman: THERES A LOT FOR US TO SAY BUT NO WORDS CAN COME OUT WAY 3_fTplR0Kqy-00006-00002200-00002400 drjthe: Hello from CANADA😀👋 3_fTplR0Kqy-00007-00002600-00002800 selmanatik1905: 😂 davidkroll9252: Hi jade ikar0s3: Smile for us!!!! 3_fTplR0Kqy-00008-00002800-00003000 fabrizioaguayo: Quelle est votre taille?? 3_fTplR0Kqy-00009-00003000-00003200 danycaba19: 😍 3_fTplR0Kqy-00010-00003400-00003600 selmanatik1905: Merhaba layyynnnn 😂😂😂😂 seattleclan: That is cool 3_fTplR0Kqy-00011-00003600-00003800 arce2392: 😍 3_fTplR0Kqy-00012-00003800-00004000 saeed__dh22: 😘💋😘💋 cukuriicin: What your favorite brand of makeup 💄? kevin.guzman.7737769: 👋 3_fTplR0Kqy-00013-00004200-00004400 danycaba19: 😘😘😘❤❤❤ gothic_explorer_: Ur live in the driveway 3_fTplR0Kqy-00014-00004800-00005000 sharliz12: Acter rotenteufel: 🐓 3_fTplR0Kqy-00015-00005200-00005400 tvuhfezh: 😍😍😍 3_fTplR0Kqy-00016-00005400-00005600 carmensandieego0: 😂 3_fTplR0Kqy-00017-00005600-00005800 davidkroll9252: 😂 3_fTplR0Kqy-00018-00006000-00006200 casley__cambell: Hola desde México México younesse___el_ghmami: 👍 paulllo.740: 👋 3_fTplR0Kqy-00019-00006400-00006600 seattleclan: Paris - can’t wait to see the fun you have there abi0413: Hello ! 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I'm Anthony, I vote, and this is how elections work in Nauru. 3AEbKlVnrL8-00001-00001168-00001888 So, Nauru is an island nation located in Oceania, the continent encompassing Australia and much of 3AEbKlVnrL8-00002-00001888-00002512 the island chains within the Pacific Ocean. Nauru specifically resides in the Micronesian 3AEbKlVnrL8-00003-00002512-00003072 sub-region. You can tell its geography pretty easily by looking at its flag: the yellow line 3AEbKlVnrL8-00004-00003072-00003568 which stretches across the middle of the flag represents the equator and Nauru, represented by a 3AEbKlVnrL8-00005-00003568-00004328 12-pointed star, is just shy South of it. Nauru is eight (8) square miles, compromising one singular 3AEbKlVnrL8-00006-00004328-00004976 island, making it the world's smallest republic. Not only is Nauru the world's smallest republic 3AEbKlVnrL8-00007-00004976-00005416 but it also is the least populated republic in the world and the least populated voting member 3AEbKlVnrL8-00008-00005416-00005920 of the United Nations with a population a few hundred shy of eleven thousand (11,000) people. 3AEbKlVnrL8-00009-00005984-00006360 When it comes to national elections, it doesn't get much smaller than this. 3AEbKlVnrL8-00010-00006440-00006976 So we know Nauru is a republic but what kind of republican what does that mean wikipedia describes 3AEbKlVnrL8-00011-00006976-00007672 naaru as a unitary parliamentary republic under a non-partisan democracy unitary means there is one 3AEbKlVnrL8-00012-00007672-00008072 central government with the ultimate authority to impose laws on the more local governments 3AEbKlVnrL8-00013-00008072-00008584 it's parliamentary meaning the executive derives its legitimacy from a legislature or parliament 3AEbKlVnrL8-00014-00008640-00009080 and it's a non-partisan democracy meaning there are no formal political parties in nauru 3AEbKlVnrL8-00015-00009736-00010320 naru is not scored by the economist on its democracy index as of 2020 and is also not 3AEbKlVnrL8-00016-00010320-00011072 scored on freedom house's democracy score in its freedom in the world 2021 report so that's nauru 3AEbKlVnrL8-00017-00011072-00011744 but how do you vote here's how to become a naaru voter it's as simple as this be a norway citizen 3AEbKlVnrL8-00018-00011744-00012392 at least 20 years old okay well one of those is a lot simpler than the other so what does it mean to 3AEbKlVnrL8-00019-00012392-00013063 be a norwegian citizen according to the country's constitution part eight there are five ways to be 3AEbKlVnrL8-00020-00013063-00013808 a naaru citizen in relative order of simplicity a naru citizen is one any person born in nauru 3AEbKlVnrL8-00021-00013808-00014440 on or after the 31st of january 1968 and would not have the nationality of any other country 3AEbKlVnrL8-00022-00014519-00015224 why that date well the naruto constitution came into force on the 31st day of january 1968. two 3AEbKlVnrL8-00023-00015280-00016080 any person born on or after the 31st of january 1968 whose parents are norwegian citizens number 3AEbKlVnrL8-00024-00016080-00016600 three any woman who is currently or has been married to a norwegian citizen can apply to become 3AEbKlVnrL8-00025-00016600-00017240 a naaru and citizen why only women norwegians chase their descendancy through their maternal 3AEbKlVnrL8-00026-00017240-00017976 or mother's side this kind of kinship is referred to as matrilineality number four any person born 3AEbKlVnrL8-00027-00017976-00018632 on or after the 31st january 1968 whose parents are a narwhan citizen and a pacific islander 3AEbKlVnrL8-00028-00018696-00019376 who is a pacific islander don't worry just refer to the narwin community ordinance of 1956-1966 3AEbKlVnrL8-00029-00019480-00019992 lastly number five any person born on or after the 31st of january 1968 3AEbKlVnrL8-00030-00019992-00020784 included in one of the 12 classes defined by the narwin community ordinance of 1956 to 1966. okay 3AEbKlVnrL8-00031-00020864-00021232 so it looks like we need to look into the norwood community ordinance of 1956 1956-1966 3AEbKlVnrL8-00032-00021288-00022040 history time nauru was settled by polynesian and melanesian explorers at least as far back as 1000 3AEbKlVnrL8-00033-00022040-00022784 bc 3 000 years ago they evolved into 12 separate tribes with their own distinct clothing today 3AEbKlVnrL8-00034-00022840-00023416 only 10 tribes currently exist with two going extinct their last members being killed during 3AEbKlVnrL8-00035-00023416-00024024 the japanese occupation of the island during the second world war this tribal system is so integral 3AEbKlVnrL8-00036-00024024-00024848 to naru that all 12 tribes are featured on their flag via the 12 points on its star so whether by 3AEbKlVnrL8-00037-00024848-00025656 default by birth or by application if you are a norwegian citizen you can vote at the age of 20. 3AEbKlVnrL8-00038-00025792-00026800 except one word in there isn't accurate can as this report from the 2019 elections shows oh what 3AEbKlVnrL8-00039-00026800-00028183 is what's this oh what's this voting mask oh my god i love it what is th this is the cutest little 3AEbKlVnrL8-00040-00028592-00029144 great frigate bird i have ever seen voting is compulsory for norwin citizens and they 3AEbKlVnrL8-00041-00029144-00029400 are automatically registered in the district where they were born 3AEbKlVnrL8-00042-00029400-00029920 once they turned 20. excuses for not voting include being away from darwin on election 3AEbKlVnrL8-00043-00029920-00030439 day being seriously ill or having other reasons that may be deemed valid and sufficient although 3AEbKlVnrL8-00044-00030439-00030888 there are exceptions even in those cases you can have somebody assist you in voting or vote 3AEbKlVnrL8-00045-00030888-00031272 by proxy where you ask a trusted friend to vote in your stay the punishment for 3AEbKlVnrL8-00046-00031272-00031768 this offense is a fine and because of this their most recent election saw a turnout of 95 percent 3AEbKlVnrL8-00047-00031832-00032280 so now that we know that normans have to vote what are they voting on well elections for parliament 3AEbKlVnrL8-00048-00032280-00032808 occur every three years wherein every constituency of naaru elects members to represent them the 3AEbKlVnrL8-00049-00032808-00033464 most recent election was in 2019. naru has eight constituencies all of which send two members to 3AEbKlVnrL8-00050-00033464-00034080 parliament one of them sends three and one of them sends four the president is then elected amongst 3AEbKlVnrL8-00051-00034080-00034608 the members of the parliament and now finally how do narwin's actually vote on election day 3AEbKlVnrL8-00052-00034704-00035096 well now wait a second okay we need to talk about this friggen bird thing okay 3AEbKlVnrL8-00053-00035096-00035800 this great frigate bird design cartoon dude shows up on like all of the election information 3AEbKlVnrL8-00054-00035800-00036264 and i love it i absolutely love it i love it if there is any narwhan whoever watches this 3AEbKlVnrL8-00055-00036264-00036984 video any of the 10 700 or so narwhans if any of you watch this and you can get your hands 3AEbKlVnrL8-00056-00036984-00037656 on a great frigate bird election material i would love to have it anyways so narwin's 3AEbKlVnrL8-00057-00037656-00038208 used traditional ballots using paper to vote and in getting their ballot they need to mark their 3AEbKlVnrL8-00058-00038208-00038728 finger with a purple ink this purple ink is very common among lots of democracies across the world 3AEbKlVnrL8-00059-00038728-00039272 it basically stains your finger so that people can be assured that you didn't vote twice in the 3AEbKlVnrL8-00060-00039272-00039800 same day naru votes are counted through the dow doll system which is a way of ranking your votes 3AEbKlVnrL8-00061-00039800-00040224 in the board account family oh yeah you better bet there's more frigate parts in this video in 3AEbKlVnrL8-00062-00040224-00040696 a doubt all system election unique to only nauru voters rank the candidates and based on how high 3AEbKlVnrL8-00063-00040696-00041232 a candidate is ranked they get more points this is done by dividing everyone's ranked position by one 3AEbKlVnrL8-00064-00041232-00041744 so in a fourier race like this example first place gets one point because one divided by the rank 3AEbKlVnrL8-00065-00041744-00042408 one is one second place gets one divided by two votes or 0.5 third place gets 1 divided by 3 and 3AEbKlVnrL8-00066-00042408-00042896 on and on and on what makes this a unique form of board account or rank choice voting however 3AEbKlVnrL8-00067-00042896-00043416 is traditionally you would subtract the total number of candidates instead of divide them so 3AEbKlVnrL8-00068-00043416-00043880 on the left you can see there are four candidates still so everything is four minus the rank four 3AEbKlVnrL8-00069-00043880-00044520 minus one for first four minus two for second etc if you just look at the third and second place you 3AEbKlVnrL8-00070-00044520-00045104 get the same placement for both of these people however once you divide the actual points they get 3AEbKlVnrL8-00071-00045104-00045616 you find out that in the data system you actually get more points as a percentage 3AEbKlVnrL8-00072-00045616-00046088 by getting a higher ranked position there have actually been elections in nauru 3AEbKlVnrL8-00073-00046088-00046528 which get a different result depending on which one of these you use it's just kind of a quirk of 3AEbKlVnrL8-00074-00046528-00047024 math now there's so much more cool and interesting things i could tell you about narrow elections so 3AEbKlVnrL8-00075-00047024-00047448 for instance they run candidate recruitment events where they try and educate people how to run 3AEbKlVnrL8-00076-00047448-00048096 and they had an event specifically engaging women to run for office they shot out sms text 3AEbKlVnrL8-00077-00048096-00048560 messages to every single narwhan telling them about the election about how to vote 3AEbKlVnrL8-00078-00048560-00049104 all this information out and they even included snapshots of every candidate at each polling place 3AEbKlVnrL8-00079-00049104-00049672 you could actually see who was running i encourage all of you to look into a country maybe you don't 3AEbKlVnrL8-00080-00049672-00050160 even think about and look into how their elections are run because the odds are the run differently 3AEbKlVnrL8-00081-00050160-00050744 than yours and that's not a bad thing you can find out about all these amazing things you can really 3AEbKlVnrL8-00082-00050744-00051512 find out about what matters to a country based off of how they run their elections naaru like other 3AEbKlVnrL8-00083-00051512-00052024 island nations is facing the forefront of global climate change through the release of greenhouse 3AEbKlVnrL8-00084-00052024-00052560 gases from fossil fuels humanity has created an atmosphere which is trapping more and more heat 3AEbKlVnrL8-00085-00052560-00053200 melting inland ice like glaciers this new water seeps back into the ocean raising the sea level 3AEbKlVnrL8-00086-00053200-00053672 as a low-lying and small country that means naaru is not just facing an eroding coastline 3AEbKlVnrL8-00087-00053672-00054216 he's facing a complete erasure this obstacle is a challenge which naru is not solely responsible for 3AEbKlVnrL8-00088-00054216-00054840 creating nor is it solely capable of overcoming in the face of such a problem it may be attempting to 3AEbKlVnrL8-00089-00054840-00055424 revert to a more authoritarian a less democratic means of government in society it would seem 3AEbKlVnrL8-00090-00055424-00055896 it's plausible for some charismatic leader to convince the populists to trust in them wholly 3AEbKlVnrL8-00091-00055896-00056408 to promise to fix the problem but only if they were given total control or even whether a few of 3AEbKlVnrL8-00092-00056408-00056936 its people decided to take control of that consent but instead no ruins chose a different path 3AEbKlVnrL8-00093-00057000-00057624 naruto is not only democracy but a democracy which requires participation on an island of less than 3AEbKlVnrL8-00094-00057624-00058200 12 000 people on an island where 10 distinct tribes lived physically and 12 distinct tribes 3AEbKlVnrL8-00095-00058200-00058791 lived spiritually personal and tribal divisions did not lead to supremacy of one over the other 3AEbKlVnrL8-00096-00058791-00059376 but instead cooperation naruto is in practice what the global community strives for in theory 3AEbKlVnrL8-00097-00059432-00059848 living peacefully amongst each other while celebrating and respecting differences 3AEbKlVnrL8-00098-00059904-00060512 and understanding that whether it is the pacific ocean or the universe we inhabit we live on just 3AEbKlVnrL8-00099-00060512-00061200 one small island and in order to survive the waves lapping out our shores narwin's decided again and 3AEbKlVnrL8-00100-00061200-00061752 they decide again every three years the continued commitment that their ship will go farther with a 3AEbKlVnrL8-00101-00061752-00062344 crew whose voices are heard where no one captain will plot the future course at least no more than 3AEbKlVnrL8-00102-00062344-00062960 the future they grant them nauru will not plot its future alone but they will plot it together 3AEbKlVnrL8-00103-00063040-00064160 they will vote on it together i'm anthony i vote and this is why elections matter in nauru 3BL1qzt_CSu-00000-00000092-00000614 15.2e Multiplying Binomial Radical Expressions. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00001-00000614-00001402 Remember when we would have a binomial times a binomial we would use something called FOIL. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00002-00001402-00002252 Where we multiply by the first than the outer then the inner then the last. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00003-00002252-00003056 So we would have a times c, or ac, then the outer's or a times d. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00004-00003056-00003297 So we would have ac plus ad. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00005-00003297-00004340 The inner's which would give us plus bc, and then the last, which will give us plus bd. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00006-00004340-00005086 Remember we must always make sure our final answer is simplified. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00007-00005086-00005794 Now let's see how this applies to using radical expressions in example one. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00008-00005794-00006178 Here is example one, let's start by foiling them, 3BL1qzt_CSu-00009-00006178-00006504 which means we need to do, the first times the first. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00010-00006504-00007142 So we have a three times a one, which gives us three. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00011-00007142-00008045 We have square root seven times square root seven, which gives us seven times seven, or seven squared. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00012-00008045-00008704 Next let's do the outer's, we have three times six, which gives us eighteen. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00013-00008704-00009312 Seven times five which gives us, thirty five. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00014-00009312-00010180 We multiply these together as seven and five are already both prime numbers, and they are two of either of them. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00015-00010180-00010860 Next we do the inner's and we negative two times one which gives us negative two, 3BL1qzt_CSu-00016-00010860-00011534 and once again we have five times seven, which will give us the square root of thirty five. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00017-00011534-00011976 Now we do the last's where we have negative two times six, 3BL1qzt_CSu-00018-00011976-00012680 which is negative twelve, and five times five is the square root of five squared. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00019-00012680-00013224 Now let's simplify both the first and the last terms. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00020-00013224-00013946 We have three times seven, because seven squared is seven. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00021-00013946-00014647 The last term becomes negative twelve times five, because five squared is five. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00022-00014647-00015422 The two middle terms both have the same radical, this means that we can combine them. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00023-00015422-00016269 So we have eighteen minus two gives us positive sixteen square root thirty five. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00024-00016269-00016608 Now let's multiply the first piece. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00025-00016608-00017448 We have twenty one plus sixteen root thirty five minus sixty. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00026-00017448-00018134 As you can see we can now add both the first and the last terms together. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00027-00018134-00019032 Twenty one minus sixty is negative thirty nine, plus sixteen root thirty five. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00028-00019032-00019448 There is no more to combine as the first term does not have the radical, 3BL1qzt_CSu-00029-00019448-00019954 and the second one has a radical thirty five. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00030-00019954-00020456 So this is our final answer. Let's look at example two. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00031-00020456-00020996 Here is example two, once again let's begin my foiling. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00032-00020996-00021434 The first becomes two times four is eight, 3BL1qzt_CSu-00033-00021434-00022076 the cubed root of nine times the cubed root of three is the cubed root of twenty seven. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00034-00022076-00023092 Next we do the outer's, we have two times negative one is negative two and the cubed root of nine. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00035-00023092-00024236 Next we have five times four, which is twenty cubed root of three, and lastly we have negative five. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00036-00024236-00024632 Let's see if we can simplify these further. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00037-00024632-00025502 In this first one we have twenty seven, remembering that twenty seven is three cubed we rewrite it. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00038-00025502-00026027 Next we have negative two cubed root of nine, nine is only three squared, 3BL1qzt_CSu-00039-00026027-00026308 and therefore none of the three's come out. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00040-00026308-00026892 So we leave it as negative two, cubed root of nine. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00041-00026892-00027472 Next we have twenty cubed root of three, which is also already simplified. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00042-00027472-00027754 And lastly we have a negative five. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00043-00027754-00028282 The cubed root of three is three, and three times eight is twenty four. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00044-00028282-00029394 This give us us twenty four, two cubed root of nine plus twenty cubed root of three minus five. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00045-00029394-00030144 We can now combine the first and last, or twenty four and five together. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00046-00030144-00031336 Twenty four minus five is nineteen minus two cubed root of nine plus twenty cubed root of three. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00047-00031336-00031942 None of these are like terms. So this is our final answer. 3BL1qzt_CSu-00048-00031942-00032698 Remember when you are multiplying binomials radical expressions to use foil and to simplify your answer. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00000-00000670-00001096 Trump Invites Top CEOs To Dinner And Every Single One Of Them Did The Exact Same Thing 3G3jxRc5bI8-00001-00001096-00001253 At His Table 3G3jxRc5bI8-00002-00001253-00001641 When President Trump was on the campaign trail, he made a promise that he would bring the 3G3jxRc5bI8-00003-00001641-00002067 world’s CEOs together and negotiate some YUGE deals that would help bring America back 3G3jxRc5bI8-00004-00002067-00002252 from the brink of total collapse. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00005-00002252-00002663 Then-candidate Trump promised America would see better days in just the first four years 3G3jxRc5bI8-00006-00002663-00002791 of his Presidency. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00007-00002791-00003247 We’re headed into year two, and President Trump has fulfilled a lot of his campaign 3G3jxRc5bI8-00008-00003247-00003380 promises. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00009-00003380-00003754 Unemployment is at an all-time low since the early 70’s, and Black unemployment is the 3G3jxRc5bI8-00010-00003754-00003857 lowest it’s ever been. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00011-00003857-00004185 I bet you won’t even hear Al Sharpton admitting that. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00012-00004185-00004464 His type love making money off the backs of poor folks. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00013-00004464-00004782 That’s the Democratic way of life. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00014-00004782-00005117 President Trump recently flew to Davos where he had a meeting with some of the worlds most 3G3jxRc5bI8-00015-00005117-00005291 powerful CEOs. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00016-00005291-00005733 He let them know that America was open for business and ready to make some YUGE deals. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00017-00005733-00006137 The media claimed President Trump was lurking in the pockets of special interest. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00018-00006137-00006476 I guess the media doesn’t know how business actually works. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00019-00006476-00006772 You have to make good deals if you want to make it in the world. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00020-00006772-00007017 Take it from President Trump on making deals. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00021-00007017-00007295 He’s made billions of dollars off good deals. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00022-00007295-00007543 This seems to be another problem the media has. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00023-00007543-00007820 “I will always put America First. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00024-00007820-00008170 Just like the leaders of other countries should put their countries first. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00025-00008170-00008615 But America First does not mean America alone,” the president declared, adding “when the 3G3jxRc5bI8-00026-00008615-00008918 United States grows, so does the world. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00027-00008918-00009392 American prosperity has created countless jobs around the globe and the drive for excellence, 3G3jxRc5bI8-00028-00009392-00009770 creativity and innovation in the United States has led to important discoveries that help 3G3jxRc5bI8-00029-00009770-00010135 people everywhere live more prosperous and healthier lives.” 3G3jxRc5bI8-00030-00010135-00010525 A senior administration official previewing the speech told reporters it will deliver 3G3jxRc5bI8-00031-00010525-00010992 three principles “first is that America is open for business again, in the sense that 3G3jxRc5bI8-00032-00010992-00011459 there’s been no better time to build, to invest, to hire in the United States,” adding 3G3jxRc5bI8-00033-00011459-00011839 “the second theme that I think that you will hear the President speak to relates to 3G3jxRc5bI8-00034-00011839-00012256 America’s engagement in the world,” continuing “finally, I think you’ll hear the President 3G3jxRc5bI8-00035-00012256-00012778 articulate a vision of free and sovereign nations cooperating towards shared goals — peace, 3G3jxRc5bI8-00036-00012778-00012984 security, prosperity.” 3G3jxRc5bI8-00037-00012984-00013163 -Daily Caller 3G3jxRc5bI8-00038-00013163-00013644 President Donald Trump convened a dinner with 15 major European CEOs in Davos to urge them 3G3jxRc5bI8-00039-00013644-00014061 to invest in the U.S. – and the business titans made down-payments in presidential 3G3jxRc5bI8-00040-00014061-00014385 goodwill by repeatedly congratulating their host. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00041-00014385-00014785 In a scene familiar to viewers of Trump cabinet meetings where officials lavish praise on 3G3jxRc5bI8-00042-00014785-00015254 their boss, the European tycoons gathered at Davos reminded the trade skeptic Trump 3G3jxRc5bI8-00043-00015254-00015612 of how many millions they had poured into the country – and complimented him on some 3G3jxRc5bI8-00044-00015612-00015779 recent victories. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00045-00015779-00016262 The head of German firm Siemens kicked off the praise, telling the president: ‘Congratulations 3G3jxRc5bI8-00046-00016262-00016368 on your tax reform.’ 3G3jxRc5bI8-00047-00016368-00016940 ‘We said it, right,’ Trump told company head Joe Kaeser, whom he praised for his modesty. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00048-00016940-00017146 ‘I assume you’ve done good? 3G3jxRc5bI8-00049-00017146-00017269 Trump asked. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00050-00017269-00017712 ‘ We did very well as a matter of fact,’ Kaiser replied, saying the company was boosting 3G3jxRc5bI8-00051-00017712-00017984 investment in Charlotte, North Carolina. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00052-00017984-00018559 Joining the celebration of the new $1.5 trillion tax cut law was Eldar Saetre of Norway’s 3G3jxRc5bI8-00053-00018559-00018887 Statoil, who said the firm was increasing production offshore. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00054-00018887-00019390 ‘I would like to congratulate you … on the tax reform,’ Saetre told the president. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00055-00019390-00019773 ‘I think that is really good news I guess for all of us here but also for the oil and 3G3jxRc5bI8-00056-00019773-00019984 gas in our industry,’ he added. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00057-00019984-00020340 ‘Good news for a lot of people,’ interjected Trump. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00058-00020340-00020818 Saetre threw in praise for Trump’s deregulation, which has touched offshore drilling. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00059-00020818-00021179 ‘Oil and gas is also a heavily regulated business. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00060-00021179-00021564 So your thinking and your actions on what you’re doing on regulations is good news,’ 3G3jxRc5bI8-00061-00021564-00021678 he said. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00062-00021678-00022170 The head of Nokia, a leading telecommunications company, praised Trump for a still-unfulfilled 3G3jxRc5bI8-00063-00022170-00022315 campaign promise. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00064-00022315-00022792 ‘I’m very happy and pleased with your infrastructure focus,’ said Rajeev Suri, 3G3jxRc5bI8-00065-00022792-00022956 head of the Finnish company. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00066-00022956-00023081 -Daily Mail 3G3jxRc5bI8-00067-00023081-00023444 Liberals will tell you that President Trump is the “Laughing Stock” of the world. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00068-00023444-00023881 It’s funny that every time he goes to another country he’s welcomed with open arms, and 3G3jxRc5bI8-00069-00023881-00024018 parades in his honor. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00070-00024018-00024494 Saudi Arabia welcomed Trump with open arms, and so did most of EUROPE. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00071-00024494-00024931 President Trump seems to have a “Bromance” with the President of France, Emmanuel Macron. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00072-00024931-00025301 The mainstream media and the far-left have been wrong every step of the way when it comes 3G3jxRc5bI8-00073-00025301-00025506 to bashing President Trump. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00074-00025506-00025876 These people can’t find one thing wrong with him, and that’s why we have fake news 3G3jxRc5bI8-00075-00025876-00026060 flying off the shelves. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00076-00026060-00026432 If you can convince the public someone is bad, then they will go down in history as 3G3jxRc5bI8-00077-00026432-00026532 that. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00078-00026532-00026863 Good thing Trump is always on the battlefield waiting for them to strike. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00079-00026863-00027376 The worlds CEOs think the president is doing a damn fine job, and so do we. 3G3jxRc5bI8-00080-00027376-00028701 America has never seen such greatness in as little as two years. 3I7nlRrGcK8-00000-00000016-00000496 500 000 people are watching this right now. it says 400 000 on my TV, 3I7nlRrGcK8-00001-00000584-00001032 but it is actually showing 500 000 on my iPad, and it just shows apple 3I7nlRrGcK8-00002-00001032-00001440 event in the captions. By the way, some videos are going to be a little bit short, 3I7nlRrGcK8-00003-00001440-00001976 because I would like to get through everything. Oh, did you see the big Apple logo? anyway. 3J-JywtbFho-00000-00000000-00000200 check out all our past videos, and tell us which one you like the most! 3K_Ch8br8hY-00000-00000000-00000499 Right by E in terminal 1. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00001-00000499-00000841 Subway right by door number six. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00002-00000932-00001425 Yay, apparently there is Starbucks and Costa after security. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00003-00001623-00001846 Hi travellers, I'm Anne's daughter, Lileko. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00004-00001910-00002208 I've just had that Subway, oh it's so good! 3K_Ch8br8hY-00005-00002208-00003080 I haven't had hot food for like, proper hot food, Subway, oh Subway never tasted so good. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00006-00003247-00003526 I'm so happy, so I've just been in two weeks of isolation. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00007-00003526-00003793 So if you haven't seen those videos please check them out. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00008-00003837-00004164 But I didn't know what was here I'm in terminal one 3K_Ch8br8hY-00009-00004176-00004362 at Pudong airport. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00010-00004441-00004695 This is before security. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00011-00004728-00005097 So I hope this can be a saving grace to you as it was to me. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00012-00005097-00005271 I also got cookies. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00013-00005358-00005578 Unfortunately they just automatically toast it, 3K_Ch8br8hY-00014-00005578-00006278 so I do still have half the, half the one in my in my carry on here. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00015-00006456-00006594 It is what it is. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00016-00006594-00006997 But I'm so happy oh my gosh I'm so full, 3K_Ch8br8hY-00017-00007066-00007332 even just with a half a oh my gosh. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00018-00007332-00007587 They also do have some vending machines. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00019-00007652-00007970 I just paid with cash still it was 77RMB. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00020-00008073-00008607 Alrighty so just come through security and here is Costa coffee. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00021-00009256-00009396 Okay it might come back. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00022-00009396-00009984 It's between 14 or 15, opposite Hugo Boss. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00023-00010311-00010511 That Starbucks sign looks so good. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00024-00010700-00010834 Between gate 9 and 10. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00025-00010896-00011440 Oh thank goodness, thank goodness, please have good snacks, please have good snacks. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00026-00011792-00012176 It is hot or warm, I don't want to either. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00027-00012176-00012373 because it won't do my water bottle. 3K_Ch8br8hY-00028-00012439-00012698 But it is sterilized so that's very nice. 3LUSR7zbDrk-00000-00001001-00001484 pls like and subscribe 3ptbVvQ20go-00000-00000103-00000803 KumaQQ had years of breeding experience 3ptbVvQ20go-00001-00001003-00001403 Accidents happen 3ptbVvQ20go-00002-00001503-00002003 KumaQQ couldn't figure out why? 3ptbVvQ20go-00003-00002102-00002602 Why did Muffin eat her babies? 3ptbVvQ20go-00004-00003002-00003402 Why do you think it happened? 3TitKkgmxUE-00000-00002000-00002175 - Thank you Kenneth, 3TitKkgmxUE-00001-00002175-00002404 and I'll just do a quick apology for everyone. 3TitKkgmxUE-00002-00002404-00002770 Thank you for waiting two weeks to see this 3TitKkgmxUE-00003-00002770-00003141 while I got over some bronchitis, though still a bit of it, 3TitKkgmxUE-00004-00003141-00003341 so I'll try to cough off-screen 3TitKkgmxUE-00005-00003341-00003733 and apologies if I'm coughing in your ear. 3TitKkgmxUE-00006-00004012-00004366 So just to give you a bit of background 3TitKkgmxUE-00007-00004366-00004554 about how this came about 3TitKkgmxUE-00008-00004554-00005004 and a bit about what we're going to go over. 3TitKkgmxUE-00009-00005004-00005379 Over the last couple of years, FAME has been responding 3TitKkgmxUE-00010-00005379-00005825 to consultations from the migrant advisory council. 3TitKkgmxUE-00011-00005825-00006187 So we've responded to two. 3TitKkgmxUE-00012-00006187-00006383 One of those was to get us 3TitKkgmxUE-00013-00006383-00006670 on the shortage occupation list, which I'll go over 3TitKkgmxUE-00014-00006670-00006937 but we've definitely had a pretty big interest 3TitKkgmxUE-00015-00006937-00007362 as Kenneth mentioned, I'll go into the numbers in a bit, 3TitKkgmxUE-00016-00007362-00007629 but quite a few of the staff 3TitKkgmxUE-00017-00007629-00008179 and the sector of archaeology are not UK citizens. 3TitKkgmxUE-00018-00008179-00008479 And so we've been working on this for several years. 3TitKkgmxUE-00019-00008479-00008820 We've been putting together a review of the white paper 3TitKkgmxUE-00020-00008820-00009345 and the upcoming changes for FAME members. 3TitKkgmxUE-00021-00009345-00009645 But with the FAME webinars, we thought it'd be best 3TitKkgmxUE-00022-00009645-00010066 to actually put that review together as a presentation. 3TitKkgmxUE-00023-00010066-00010312 And so this presentation is going to go over a lot 3TitKkgmxUE-00024-00010312-00010466 of the different routes, not all the routes 3TitKkgmxUE-00025-00010466-00010816 because not all of them are going to be relevant 3TitKkgmxUE-00026-00010816-00011241 and a bit of an assessment of what we think employers 3TitKkgmxUE-00027-00011241-00011870 and employees will be able to utilise in the system. 3TitKkgmxUE-00028-00011870-00012054 And just to give you a bit of background, 3TitKkgmxUE-00029-00012054-00012262 I helped craft our response to MAC 3TitKkgmxUE-00030-00012262-00012541 that got us on the shortage occupation list. 3TitKkgmxUE-00031-00012541-00012816 I also have a bit of personal experience 3TitKkgmxUE-00032-00012816-00013195 on both ends of the visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00033-00013195-00013670 So I did the long route 10 years 3TitKkgmxUE-00034-00013670-00014312 to get to the permanent leave to remain and now citizenship. 3TitKkgmxUE-00035-00014312-00014600 I've also been on the other end of it, 3TitKkgmxUE-00036-00014600-00014912 helping an organisation, Archaeology Scotland, 3TitKkgmxUE-00037-00014912-00015258 go through the process and become a sponsor as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00038-00015258-00015416 And we sponsored several people. 3TitKkgmxUE-00039-00015416-00016079 So I'll be talking about mainly very technical stuff 3TitKkgmxUE-00040-00016079-00016304 but I'll throw in a bit of my personal experience 3TitKkgmxUE-00041-00016304-00016550 from both ends from both being an employer 3TitKkgmxUE-00042-00016550-00017120 and being an employee on these routes. 3TitKkgmxUE-00043-00017600-00018066 So, our new system's coming on January 1st, 3TitKkgmxUE-00044-00018066-00018316 though if you want to get really technical, I don't 3TitKkgmxUE-00045-00018316-00018450 think this is going to affect anyone, 3TitKkgmxUE-00046-00018450-00018837 but it actually kicks in at 11:00 PM on December 31st. 3TitKkgmxUE-00047-00018837-00019195 So if you're on a flight into the UK and it lands 3TitKkgmxUE-00048-00019195-00019591 between 11 and midnight, it'll actually make a difference. 3TitKkgmxUE-00049-00019591-00019875 I don't think that it's going to affect many people, 3TitKkgmxUE-00050-00019875-00020233 but just to be very specific about that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00051-00020233-00020733 Also this new system really isn't new, it's a modification 3TitKkgmxUE-00052-00020733-00021275 of the current system with a few changes. 3TitKkgmxUE-00053-00021616-00021845 So why does this matter? 3TitKkgmxUE-00054-00021845-00022100 Well, if you're an employer 3TitKkgmxUE-00055-00022100-00022425 and you hire someone who you're not supposed to hire, 3TitKkgmxUE-00056-00022425-00023004 that is up to a 20,000 pound fine. 3TitKkgmxUE-00057-00023004-00023395 As Kenneth and I had mentioned, a fairly significant portion 3TitKkgmxUE-00058-00023395-00024087 of the profession in UK are non-UK citizens. 3TitKkgmxUE-00059-00024087-00024425 And a fairly significant portion 3TitKkgmxUE-00060-00024425-00024741 of students in the UK are also non-UK citizens. 3TitKkgmxUE-00061-00024741-00024829 So they'll be affected 3TitKkgmxUE-00062-00024829-00025187 by this new changes coming into effect. 3TitKkgmxUE-00063-00025187-00025433 Actually quite a few of them are already 3TitKkgmxUE-00064-00025433-00025866 outside the EU and affected by it as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00065-00025866-00026025 I also, I'd like to think 3TitKkgmxUE-00066-00026025-00026412 that people care about this on a personal level 3TitKkgmxUE-00067-00026412-00026725 and that the whole sector is trying 3TitKkgmxUE-00068-00026725-00027112 to better ourselves and not discriminate against people 3TitKkgmxUE-00069-00027112-00027291 because of how they were born. 3TitKkgmxUE-00070-00027291-00027850 So there is that matter as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00071-00027970-00028491 So this new system, it's not really a new system 3TitKkgmxUE-00072-00028491-00028654 it's basically a tinkering 3TitKkgmxUE-00073-00028654-00028966 of the current system only now going to be applied 3TitKkgmxUE-00074-00028966-00029700 to people who were EU citizens, but not UK citizens. 3TitKkgmxUE-00075-00030354-00030829 You'll hear a lot of talk around this. 3TitKkgmxUE-00076-00030829-00031041 It's not a new points-based system. 3TitKkgmxUE-00077-00031041-00031312 The UK has had a points-based system 3TitKkgmxUE-00078-00031312-00031516 since the 2000s. 3TitKkgmxUE-00079-00031516-00031987 And it, to be honest, it's not really a points-based system. 3TitKkgmxUE-00080-00031987-00032550 You need to score all the points basically to get a visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00081-00032550-00032712 Whereas the old,, 3TitKkgmxUE-00082-00032712-00032916 an old true points-based system would have been 3TitKkgmxUE-00083-00032916-00033566 one where the example that like to use is Australia. 3TitKkgmxUE-00084-00033566-00033795 Usually when the government's putting out something 3TitKkgmxUE-00085-00033795-00034091 I'm sure somewhere they did some sort 3TitKkgmxUE-00086-00034091-00034487 of test or survey to find that people really 3TitKkgmxUE-00087-00034487-00034862 enjoy the term Australia or think highly of Australians. 3TitKkgmxUE-00088-00034862-00035004 And so you'd like to throw it in front of it 3TitKkgmxUE-00089-00035004-00035325 but the UK actually had a points-based system. 3TitKkgmxUE-00090-00035325-00035504 It's not anywhere close to the Australian system 3TitKkgmxUE-00091-00035504-00035720 where you could trade off points. 3TitKkgmxUE-00092-00035720-00035975 So, you know, you got more points 3TitKkgmxUE-00093-00035975-00036295 for being younger, more points for having a higher wage. 3TitKkgmxUE-00094-00036295-00036533 The UK system really there is no trade-off. 3TitKkgmxUE-00095-00036533-00036637 You basically get points 3TitKkgmxUE-00096-00036637-00037041 for being able to speak English and points for having a job. 3TitKkgmxUE-00097-00037041-00037245 And that's the only way you can get points 3TitKkgmxUE-00098-00037245-00037604 and you have to get all those points. 3TitKkgmxUE-00099-00037604-00037875 So it may, there's a lot of rhetoric around this 3TitKkgmxUE-00100-00037875-00038108 but really it's not a points-based system 3TitKkgmxUE-00101-00038108-00038358 even though you're going to hear the government 3TitKkgmxUE-00102-00038358-00038825 discuss it as a points based system. 3TitKkgmxUE-00103-00039091-00039716 The most important part to remember 3TitKkgmxUE-00104-00039716-00040045 is almost all the rules we're going to discuss are changed 3TitKkgmxUE-00105-00040045-00040345 by statutory instruments. 3TitKkgmxUE-00106-00040345-00040687 So they change quite often. 3TitKkgmxUE-00107-00040687-00041187 There's usually several changes a year, and essentially 3TitKkgmxUE-00108-00041191-00041420 what this means other than the most recent having 3TitKkgmxUE-00109-00041420-00041833 to switch over EU citizens into the, to not be applied 3TitKkgmxUE-00110-00041833-00042283 under the general UK citizen rights, 3TitKkgmxUE-00111-00042283-00042554 that's the only thing that's passed in the laws. 3TitKkgmxUE-00112-00042554-00042687 Everything else, everything that you're going to 3TitKkgmxUE-00113-00042687-00043050 see is actually implemented through statutory instruments 3TitKkgmxUE-00114-00043050-00043341 which means the government can change it at any point. 3TitKkgmxUE-00115-00043341-00043850 And they do quite often. 3TitKkgmxUE-00116-00043850-00044129 Just a fair warning to people who are considering going 3TitKkgmxUE-00117-00044129-00044808 to do this route, it is very much a hostile environment. 3TitKkgmxUE-00118-00044808-00045004 It's been a rhetoric for about 10 years to try to get 3TitKkgmxUE-00119-00045004-00045250 under a hundred thousand people immigrating 3TitKkgmxUE-00120-00045250-00045704 to the UK in a given year, that is not physically possible. 3TitKkgmxUE-00121-00045704-00046137 The definition counts anyone who plans to stay for 12 months 3TitKkgmxUE-00122-00046137-00046541 or more, a student visa for a one-year master's is 3TitKkgmxUE-00123-00046541-00046904 anywhere between 12 and 16 months. 3TitKkgmxUE-00124-00046904-00047033 So any student, 3TitKkgmxUE-00125-00047033-00047358 unless they're doing a very short course will count 3TitKkgmxUE-00126-00047358-00047612 as an immigrant, whether they play there'll be able 3TitKkgmxUE-00127-00047612-00048025 to stay or plan to stay, they're counted. 3TitKkgmxUE-00128-00048025-00048341 Last year, there was over 200,000 students 3TitKkgmxUE-00129-00048341-00048729 not from the EU who came. 3TitKkgmxUE-00130-00048729-00049183 So even with this new, applying these rules 3TitKkgmxUE-00131-00049183-00049358 to EU citizens there is no way it is ever going 3TitKkgmxUE-00132-00049358-00049541 to get below a hundred thousand people 3TitKkgmxUE-00133-00049541-00049750 in normal circumstances. 3TitKkgmxUE-00134-00049750-00049941 This year, it may have. 3TitKkgmxUE-00135-00049941-00050333 We'll have to wait to see when the numbers come out 3TitKkgmxUE-00136-00050333-00050462 but we're talking events 3TitKkgmxUE-00137-00050462-00050808 like a global pandemic is going to stop that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00138-00050808-00051412 But what that means is that the current government 3TitKkgmxUE-00139-00051412-00051670 has this goal that is not reachable 3TitKkgmxUE-00140-00051670-00051908 but they keep trying to reach it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00141-00051908-00052316 So they make changes several times a year 3TitKkgmxUE-00142-00052316-00052533 always usually tightening the rules. 3TitKkgmxUE-00143-00052533-00052870 So when I was under the regime for over a 10 year period 3TitKkgmxUE-00144-00052870-00053204 there was only one change they ever made 3TitKkgmxUE-00145-00053204-00053445 that was positive for us and helped us out. 3TitKkgmxUE-00146-00053445-00053979 Every other rule reduced our options 3TitKkgmxUE-00147-00053979-00054262 and made it worse for us. 3TitKkgmxUE-00148-00054470-00054816 They've also deputised effectively 3TitKkgmxUE-00149-00054816-00055037 all employers and landlords. 3TitKkgmxUE-00150-00055037-00055537 So all employers need to check people's ability to work. 3TitKkgmxUE-00151-00055541-00055666 All landlords, at least 3TitKkgmxUE-00152-00055666-00055883 in England need to check people's ability to live there. 3TitKkgmxUE-00153-00055883-00056337 So basically the government has placed 3TitKkgmxUE-00154-00056337-00056620 off a lot of their duties onto other people 3TitKkgmxUE-00155-00056620-00056954 in the private sector to manage and try 3TitKkgmxUE-00156-00056954-00057420 and enforce a lot of the regulations around immigration. 3TitKkgmxUE-00157-00057420-00057566 So it, this is the sort 3TitKkgmxUE-00158-00057566-00058087 of situation that we're currently in. 3TitKkgmxUE-00159-00058087-00058308 Maybe that will change in the future, but 3TitKkgmxUE-00160-00058308-00058908 for at least the last decade, it is not a happy place to be. 3TitKkgmxUE-00161-00058908-00059100 It's not something I would recommend 3TitKkgmxUE-00162-00059100-00059320 anyone goes through the process, 3TitKkgmxUE-00163-00059320-00059762 but not everyone has that option. 3TitKkgmxUE-00164-00059762-00060100 So just to go over a couple of things, this is not 3TitKkgmxUE-00165-00060100-00060450 going to apply to citizens of Ireland. 3TitKkgmxUE-00166-00060450-00060783 There was a common travel area, it predated the EU. 3TitKkgmxUE-00167-00060783-00061050 I should also mention this includes things like the isle 3TitKkgmxUE-00168-00061050-00061304 of Man in Jersey. 3TitKkgmxUE-00169-00061304-00061395 It was updated, 3TitKkgmxUE-00170-00061395-00061662 so a memorandum of understanding was signed 3TitKkgmxUE-00171-00061662-00061833 by both the Irish and UK governments 3TitKkgmxUE-00172-00061833-00062316 to actually add a lot more detail to this a year ago. 3TitKkgmxUE-00173-00062316-00062550 And this is just a thing, but the main important part 3TitKkgmxUE-00174-00062550-00062737 is any British and Irish citizen could work 3TitKkgmxUE-00175-00062737-00062879 in another country. 3TitKkgmxUE-00176-00062879-00063129 They bunch of other rights as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00177-00063129-00063395 So this new regime is not going to apply 3TitKkgmxUE-00178-00063395-00063737 to anyone that has Irish citizenship, though, 3TitKkgmxUE-00179-00063737-00064283 if you're an Irish citizen and you have a non Irish citizen 3TitKkgmxUE-00180-00064283-00064658 non-UK family member, you do have 3TitKkgmxUE-00181-00064658-00064995 to go through extra work to be able 3TitKkgmxUE-00182-00064995-00065179 to bring them with you. 3TitKkgmxUE-00183-00065354-00065816 Another thing to be aware of for employers. 3TitKkgmxUE-00184-00065816-00066020 If you have employees, I know this applies 3TitKkgmxUE-00185-00066020-00066612 to a couple of organisations who work in other countries 3TitKkgmxUE-00186-00066612-00066995 they can get what is called frontier workers. 3TitKkgmxUE-00187-00066995-00067533 That permit scheme is going to launch on December 10th. 3TitKkgmxUE-00188-00067533-00067812 So if you have someone currently working for you 3TitKkgmxUE-00189-00067812-00068375 or will start working for you before the 31st of December 3TitKkgmxUE-00190-00068375-00068725 who's based in a different country, but is employed by you, 3TitKkgmxUE-00191-00068725-00068941 so they're paying your national insurance, they're 3TitKkgmxUE-00192-00068941-00069441 on the on your pay, your taxes in the, the UK. 3TitKkgmxUE-00193-00069458-00069575 They can also get a permit 3TitKkgmxUE-00194-00069575-00069791 that eventually allows them to come 3TitKkgmxUE-00195-00069791-00070500 and live and work in the UK later, if they want to as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00196-00070500-00071020 Similarly, any EU citizens who have arrived before, well 3TitKkgmxUE-00197-00071020-00071516 midnight, but you know, it's midnight Brussels time, 3TitKkgmxUE-00198-00071629-00071854 can apply for the EU settlement scheme. 3TitKkgmxUE-00199-00071854-00072300 So again, any EU citizens who are currently living 3TitKkgmxUE-00200-00072300-00072437 in the UK or will come 3TitKkgmxUE-00201-00072437-00072804 over before the end of the year, they can do the scheme. 3TitKkgmxUE-00202-00072804-00073054 Both these schemes are free 3TitKkgmxUE-00203-00073054-00073279 and do you but basically give you a per rate 3TitKkgmxUE-00204-00073279-00073575 and they'll be able to work in the UK, 3TitKkgmxUE-00205-00073575-00073945 so you can hire, going forward in the new year, 3TitKkgmxUE-00206-00073945-00074262 you can hire any of these people as well, 3TitKkgmxUE-00207-00074262-00074754 as they'll have the right to work in the UK too. 3TitKkgmxUE-00208-00075141-00075470 So now I'm going to go through some of the visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00209-00075470-00075795 So just to kick it off, there is what used to 3TitKkgmxUE-00210-00075795-00076500 be the old tier one visa that was renamed 3TitKkgmxUE-00211-00076500-00076970 February of this year, end of last year. 3TitKkgmxUE-00212-00076970-00077320 But essentially it is the old tier one visa 3TitKkgmxUE-00213-00077320-00077758 just with a little bit extra to it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00214-00077758-00078054 This visa is something that an individual can get. 3TitKkgmxUE-00215-00078054-00078366 You don't need to be sponsored by an employer, 3TitKkgmxUE-00216-00078366-00078562 which is great. 3TitKkgmxUE-00217-00078562-00078808 You can actually do self-employed work almost 3TitKkgmxUE-00218-00078808-00079045 in any other piece that you get, 3TitKkgmxUE-00219-00079045-00079291 they will not be able to do self-employed work 3TitKkgmxUE-00220-00079291-00079537 or other work. 3TitKkgmxUE-00221-00079537-00079754 You can change jobs, go to anyone, 3TitKkgmxUE-00222-00079754-00080012 you don't need to tell the home office. 3TitKkgmxUE-00223-00080012-00080216 There's no language requirement. 3TitKkgmxUE-00224-00080216-00080462 There's no minimum salary. 3TitKkgmxUE-00225-00080462-00080662 And you can get indefinite leave 3TitKkgmxUE-00226-00080662-00080904 to remain after three years, which means you no longer 3TitKkgmxUE-00227-00080904-00081333 have to get visas to stay, which is very nice. 3TitKkgmxUE-00228-00081333-00081679 It's the shortest way you can get that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00229-00081679-00082008 Some disadvantages though is we're still waiting 3TitKkgmxUE-00230-00082008-00082275 for the new numbers, but 3TitKkgmxUE-00231-00082275-00082691 up to half the people who apply for this, don't get it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00232-00082691-00082837 And I'll explain this process. 3TitKkgmxUE-00233-00082837-00083250 It's very different than some of the other visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00234-00083250-00083537 It used to be that there was a 2000 limit. 3TitKkgmxUE-00235-00083537-00083754 And then when they switched this to the global talent 3TitKkgmxUE-00236-00083754-00084083 or renamed it, they took away that limit 3TitKkgmxUE-00237-00084083-00084591 but they almost never reached that limit. 3TitKkgmxUE-00238-00084591-00084720 And I'm gonna go over the process. 3TitKkgmxUE-00239-00084720-00085141 It's a bit different areas of tech, 3TitKkgmxUE-00240-00085141-00085516 they met that limit, 3TitKkgmxUE-00241-00085516-00085691 but like in the engineering areas, 3TitKkgmxUE-00242-00085691-00086141 only 20% of their allocated ones were ever given out. 3TitKkgmxUE-00243-00086141-00086550 So you're actually talking about a very small number 3TitKkgmxUE-00244-00086550-00086787 of visas that this very small number 3TitKkgmxUE-00245-00086787-00087041 of people this will affect. 3TitKkgmxUE-00246-00087129-00087387 However, I think are some archaeologists can be 3TitKkgmxUE-00247-00087387-00087795 well-placed to take advantage of it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00248-00087795-00088029 Again we're gonna go over this, how you can, 3TitKkgmxUE-00249-00088029-00088204 a lot of the other visa is basically 3TitKkgmxUE-00250-00088204-00088383 if you meet the criteria, if you don't 3TitKkgmxUE-00251-00088383-00088741 it's really easy and you don't know if you'll get it 3TitKkgmxUE-00252-00088741-00089054 or not unless you make a mistake on your application. 3TitKkgmxUE-00253-00089054-00089337 This one, it's not quite as simple. 3TitKkgmxUE-00254-00089337-00089641 We'll go into that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00255-00089779-00089937 And just to let you know 3TitKkgmxUE-00256-00089937-00090275 these are sort of the costs you're looking at at the moment 3TitKkgmxUE-00257-00090275-00090583 they usually increase these every sort of spring. 3TitKkgmxUE-00258-00090583-00090866 So potentially these costs will be going up, 3TitKkgmxUE-00259-00090866-00091154 the healthcare surcharge, which is paid 3TitKkgmxUE-00260-00091154-00091820 by everyone on almost any visa is paid for the NHS, 3TitKkgmxUE-00261-00091820-00092187 though, you'll see that a lot of these are work visas 3TitKkgmxUE-00262-00092187-00092450 in which you'll be paying taxes anyways. 3TitKkgmxUE-00263-00092450-00092954 So in effect it's a double taxation. 3TitKkgmxUE-00264-00092954-00093233 This is a visa that might be an option 3TitKkgmxUE-00265-00093233-00093629 for people who are single, but as you can see 3TitKkgmxUE-00266-00093629-00093795 if you have a family 3TitKkgmxUE-00267-00093795-00093991 you're probably going to be paying just 3TitKkgmxUE-00268-00093991-00094458 for three-year visa for four of you, almost 10,000 pounds. 3TitKkgmxUE-00269-00094458-00094654 And you have to pay that at the beginning. 3TitKkgmxUE-00270-00094654-00095008 So you have to have 10,000 pounds on hand. 3TitKkgmxUE-00271-00095008-00095283 So you'll see with a lot of these visas, 3TitKkgmxUE-00272-00095283-00095700 it may not be practical for many people. 3TitKkgmxUE-00273-00095916-00096116 What makes this visa different is you need 3TitKkgmxUE-00274-00096116-00096350 to get an endorsement. 3TitKkgmxUE-00275-00096479-00096629 There's a couple of endorsements 3TitKkgmxUE-00276-00096629-00096854 and this is just the timelines. 3TitKkgmxUE-00277-00096854-00097154 You can get fast track, which you get back in a week. 3TitKkgmxUE-00278-00097154-00097287 Sometimes it can take up to eight weeks 3TitKkgmxUE-00279-00097287-00097395 if you're doing peer review 3TitKkgmxUE-00280-00097395-00097604 and UBC usually takes about three weeks. 3TitKkgmxUE-00281-00097604-00097866 So you can apply for your visa 3TitKkgmxUE-00282-00097866-00098162 and endorsement at the same time, if not, you're looking 3TitKkgmxUE-00283-00098162-00098404 at close to three months in this process 3TitKkgmxUE-00284-00098404-00098720 to get the sort of visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00285-00098720-00098841 One route to do this, 3TitKkgmxUE-00286-00098841-00099062 and this is the expanded route with the new visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00287-00099062-00099279 I used to not be able to get this 3TitKkgmxUE-00288-00099279-00099716 when I was a tier one visa, is it basically 3TitKkgmxUE-00289-00099716-00100108 if you've ever got, it applies to most academics. 3TitKkgmxUE-00290-00100108-00100741 So if you've got a job as a senior academic, 3TitKkgmxUE-00291-00100741-00100879 if you've got an individual fellowship 3TitKkgmxUE-00292-00100879-00101100 and there's a massive list of fellowships. 3TitKkgmxUE-00293-00101100-00101479 So if you've got funding, I'll show you some examples. 3TitKkgmxUE-00294-00101479-00101616 Or if you've got a research grant 3TitKkgmxUE-00295-00101616-00101779 from any of the research councils 3TitKkgmxUE-00296-00101779-00102033 you can basically get this right away. 3TitKkgmxUE-00297-00102033-00102175 And so that's why I think it's applicable 3TitKkgmxUE-00298-00102175-00102412 to quite a few archaeologists, 3TitKkgmxUE-00299-00102412-00102825 people who might be going for a PhD or a post-doc 3TitKkgmxUE-00300-00102825-00103204 and have done post doc on say 3TitKkgmxUE-00301-00103204-00103591 a Arts And Humanities Funding Council grant 3TitKkgmxUE-00302-00103591-00104125 might be able to qualify. 3TitKkgmxUE-00303-00104829-00104970 The other way of going 3TitKkgmxUE-00304-00104970-00105279 about this is through the arts and culture sort of way. 3TitKkgmxUE-00305-00105279-00105525 So if you qualify under that, 3TitKkgmxUE-00306-00105525-00105875 most of it is arts council, England, however 3TitKkgmxUE-00307-00105875-00106079 and I've just listed some of these other ones. 3TitKkgmxUE-00308-00106079-00106337 Other organisations have basically been brought 3TitKkgmxUE-00309-00106337-00106545 in by arts council, and they're actually paid 3TitKkgmxUE-00310-00106545-00106954 to do this to look at and come up with criteria. 3TitKkgmxUE-00311-00106954-00107083 So at Fame we had discussion 3TitKkgmxUE-00312-00107083-00107733 about a year ago with the Royal Institute of Architects. 3TitKkgmxUE-00313-00107733-00108145 Royal Institute for British Architects, and thing has looked 3TitKkgmxUE-00314-00108145-00108516 into being one of the sort of clearing houses. 3TitKkgmxUE-00315-00108516-00108933 The problem with this is you have to have a criteria 3TitKkgmxUE-00316-00108933-00109016 and some of the criteria, 3TitKkgmxUE-00317-00109016-00109445 so fulfilment television winning an Academy award, 3TitKkgmxUE-00318-00109445-00109904 winning a BAFTA, or an equivalent award for that 3TitKkgmxUE-00319-00109904-00110354 or with architects, you sort of have to submit a CV, 3TitKkgmxUE-00320-00110354-00110637 have to have done some major showings and stuff like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00321-00110637-00111116 And this is why actually the rates of getting these visas 3TitKkgmxUE-00322-00111116-00111450 are maybe around 30 to, you know, 30 or 50% of people don't 3TitKkgmxUE-00323-00111450-00111979 get them is because there's not very clear criteria. 3TitKkgmxUE-00324-00111979-00112120 It's great, if you have a BAFTA, 3TitKkgmxUE-00325-00112120-00112266 that automatically gets you in, 3TitKkgmxUE-00326-00112266-00112533 but if not, you basically sending this off 3TitKkgmxUE-00327-00112533-00112979 to these organisations who will judge you and that 3TitKkgmxUE-00328-00112979-00113287 for the research that you can now go for a peer review 3TitKkgmxUE-00329-00113287-00113566 and they'll judge you and say, yes, you might be 3TitKkgmxUE-00330-00113566-00113912 a world-leading person or you might not be. 3TitKkgmxUE-00331-00113912-00114187 So it's actually a fairly big risk. 3TitKkgmxUE-00332-00114187-00114579 And another risk is if you get denied, you lose the money 3TitKkgmxUE-00333-00114579-00114945 you put in for your visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00334-00115070-00115304 Last one, which may apply 3TitKkgmxUE-00335-00115304-00115529 to some archaeologists doing some digital technology. 3TitKkgmxUE-00336-00115529-00116070 There is that it's a lot of criteria, but some of it is 3TitKkgmxUE-00337-00116070-00116266 if you've worked on new techniques and stuff like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00338-00116266-00116545 So maybe some archaeologists doing 3d work 3TitKkgmxUE-00339-00116545-00116700 or photogrammetry or stuff like that 3TitKkgmxUE-00340-00116700-00117325 might be able to qualify, but it's a bit iffy. 3TitKkgmxUE-00341-00117487-00117600 So our assessment of this route 3TitKkgmxUE-00342-00117600-00117833 is it's not applicable to most archaeologists 3TitKkgmxUE-00343-00117833-00118270 but if you have a PhD have done some research 3TitKkgmxUE-00344-00118270-00118616 maybe a post-doc and may work for you, 3TitKkgmxUE-00345-00118616-00118741 it is incredibly flexible, 3TitKkgmxUE-00346-00118741-00119020 it is the most flexible visa you can get. 3TitKkgmxUE-00347-00119020-00119270 If you're getting it, you can work for any employer. 3TitKkgmxUE-00348-00119270-00119541 They don't need to be a sponsor, three years 3TitKkgmxUE-00349-00119541-00119970 to get indefinitely to remain, it's great stuff. 3TitKkgmxUE-00350-00120095-00120358 Like I was saying, it's a bit risky 3TitKkgmxUE-00351-00120358-00120620 but there are some automatic ways of getting it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00352-00120620-00120845 So just to show you again 3TitKkgmxUE-00353-00120845-00121108 there's a massive list you could have to look up 3TitKkgmxUE-00354-00121108-00121425 but some people who may have got these sort of fellowships 3TitKkgmxUE-00355-00121425-00121816 through the Arts And Humanities Research Council, 3TitKkgmxUE-00356-00121816-00121945 or again there's a bunch of other awards. 3TitKkgmxUE-00357-00121945-00122150 You could have got a BAFTA Academy award 3TitKkgmxUE-00358-00122150-00122725 for all those archaeologists doing documentaries. 3TitKkgmxUE-00359-00122812-00123091 Those basically are the fast track applications 3TitKkgmxUE-00360-00123091-00123333 where it's automatic because you hold one 3TitKkgmxUE-00361-00123333-00123641 of these fellowships or had in the last five years 3TitKkgmxUE-00362-00123641-00123962 and or won an award or something like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00363-00123962-00124350 If anyone is going for this, we definitely recommend 3TitKkgmxUE-00364-00124350-00124620 if you can qualify, do the fast track, 3TitKkgmxUE-00365-00124620-00124704 cause you're guaranteed. 3TitKkgmxUE-00366-00124704-00124925 If not, you're going through a peer review 3TitKkgmxUE-00367-00124925-00125229 and you may or may not get it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00368-00125508-00125779 So this is the main one. 3TitKkgmxUE-00369-00125879-00126091 This is the one we think that will be most applicable 3TitKkgmxUE-00370-00126091-00126333 to most people. 3TitKkgmxUE-00371-00126333-00126737 This is what is now called a tier two, will be soon 3TitKkgmxUE-00372-00126737-00127145 to be changed to be called a skilled worker route. 3TitKkgmxUE-00373-00127145-00127537 So I'm going to go through the process of how you apply. 3TitKkgmxUE-00374-00127537-00127683 If you're applying now 3TitKkgmxUE-00375-00127683-00127995 you'll actually be applying to be a tier two sponsor 3TitKkgmxUE-00376-00127995-00128120 but just know the terminology is going 3TitKkgmxUE-00377-00128120-00128300 to change in about a month and a half, 3TitKkgmxUE-00378-00128300-00128554 actually a little less than a month and a half. 3TitKkgmxUE-00379-00128645-00129000 So this is a sponsored group, which means you 3TitKkgmxUE-00380-00129000-00129229 need to have an employer sponsor you. 3TitKkgmxUE-00381-00129229-00129504 Some advantages, is that there's no longer a limit to it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00382-00129504-00129833 Well, again, there won't be a limit come 3TitKkgmxUE-00383-00129833-00130079 the first, currently there's still is a limit 3TitKkgmxUE-00384-00130079-00130283 of 20,000 of these visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00385-00130283-00130612 So if you are planning a hiring any staff in the next month, 3TitKkgmxUE-00386-00130612-00130795 we'd recommend you wait until at least the 1st 3TitKkgmxUE-00387-00130795-00131229 of January, that's a whole different process. 3TitKkgmxUE-00388-00131387-00131591 The requirements are straightforward. 3TitKkgmxUE-00389-00131591-00131829 You either meet the requirements or you don't. 3TitKkgmxUE-00390-00131829-00132033 How you get rejected is if you've made a mistake 3TitKkgmxUE-00391-00132033-00132333 on your application or there's, you know 3TitKkgmxUE-00392-00132333-00132670 there's a few things that also, criminal convictions 3TitKkgmxUE-00393-00132670-00132954 things like that can also disqualify you as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00394-00132954-00133204 But there is no peer review. 3TitKkgmxUE-00395-00133204-00133433 You either get it or you don't 3TitKkgmxUE-00396-00133433-00133604 because you haven't met the qualifications. 3TitKkgmxUE-00397-00133604-00133937 There's no sort of iffy going to a panel 3TitKkgmxUE-00398-00133937-00134387 who may or may not think what you do is important. 3TitKkgmxUE-00399-00134533-00134770 It's going to be much easier. 3TitKkgmxUE-00400-00134770-00135033 Currently you have to do a labour market check 3TitKkgmxUE-00401-00135033-00135620 which means that you can only hire UK and EU citizens first. 3TitKkgmxUE-00402-00135800-00136091 And basically that's if they meet the minimum requirements. 3TitKkgmxUE-00403-00136091-00136266 So you could have someone 3TitKkgmxUE-00404-00136266-00136441 from somewhere else who maybe had 20 years 3TitKkgmxUE-00405-00136441-00136666 of experience but on your job description 3TitKkgmxUE-00406-00136666-00136879 if you said you only need to the half-time 3TitKkgmxUE-00407-00136879-00137304 or the person from the UK who had to it's the person 3TitKkgmxUE-00408-00137304-00137520 basically anyone who meets the minimum qualifications 3TitKkgmxUE-00409-00137520-00137766 who's based in the UK, you have to hire. 3TitKkgmxUE-00410-00137766-00138183 You have to advertise for 28 days. 3TitKkgmxUE-00411-00138183-00138362 And again, there used to be limits on how many 3TitKkgmxUE-00412-00138362-00138954 of these could be given out, which made it difficult. 3TitKkgmxUE-00413-00139216-00139520 You can get indefinitely to remain again as I've discussed, 3TitKkgmxUE-00414-00139520-00139687 with indefinitely to remain, 3TitKkgmxUE-00415-00139687-00139970 you can stay, you don't need to be on visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00416-00139970-00140225 You basically can work wherever, 3TitKkgmxUE-00417-00140225-00140500 you're not tied to your employer. 3TitKkgmxUE-00418-00140500-00140741 And now there's going to be no minimum salary. 3TitKkgmxUE-00419-00140741-00140958 So it used to be to after this visa 3TitKkgmxUE-00420-00140958-00141487 you'd have to have made roughly around 37,000, 38,000, 3TitKkgmxUE-00421-00141487-00141695 which if you've worked in archaeology, you know 3TitKkgmxUE-00422-00141695-00142020 that's a bit difficult, 3TitKkgmxUE-00423-00142020-00142454 that salary minimum is going away, which is nice. 3TitKkgmxUE-00424-00142620-00142970 The best way to describe the disadvantages for this. 3TitKkgmxUE-00425-00142970-00143079 I'm going to go through the process 3TitKkgmxUE-00426-00143079-00143400 of what you have to do to apply for this. 3TitKkgmxUE-00427-00143400-00143800 So the process from the employer's point of view. 3TitKkgmxUE-00428-00144300-00144491 You have to apply to be a sponsor. 3TitKkgmxUE-00429-00144491-00144725 There's a few criteria there. 3TitKkgmxUE-00430-00144725-00144995 You know, you have to have no criminal history. 3TitKkgmxUE-00431-00144995-00145166 You can't have had the sponsor 3TitKkgmxUE-00432-00145166-00145516 in the past and completely failed, things like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00433-00145516-00145804 It's an online form. 3TitKkgmxUE-00434-00145804-00146162 When you do it, you can apply for tier two and tier five. 3TitKkgmxUE-00435-00146162-00146366 I'll come back to your five visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00436-00146366-00146600 And again, if you're going through this process 3TitKkgmxUE-00437-00146600-00146816 it's going to be caught anywhere in this process 3TitKkgmxUE-00438-00146816-00147262 between now and January, it's going to be called a tier two 3TitKkgmxUE-00439-00147262-00147475 but it is going to be changing the terminology 3TitKkgmxUE-00440-00147475-00148016 in the future to a skilled worker. 3TitKkgmxUE-00441-00148100-00148387 You didn't have to have staff who can manage this. 3TitKkgmxUE-00442-00148387-00148808 Basically once you get it, you're given an online portal. 3TitKkgmxUE-00443-00148808-00149008 Staff members are given access 3TitKkgmxUE-00444-00149008-00149091 and those are the people 3TitKkgmxUE-00445-00149091-00149320 who then go through the process with other people 3TitKkgmxUE-00446-00149320-00149750 and issue certificates, which I'll come on to. 3TitKkgmxUE-00447-00149987-00150495 Costs, if you're a small organisation or charity 3TitKkgmxUE-00448-00150495-00150879 it's only 536, medium or large organisations 3TitKkgmxUE-00449-00150879-00151137 which their qualifications is something like turnover 3TitKkgmxUE-00450-00151137-00151554 over 3 million or more than 50 employees. 3TitKkgmxUE-00451-00151554-00151683 That's the cost there. 3TitKkgmxUE-00452-00151683-00152087 It's about three times the cost, but still pretty low. 3TitKkgmxUE-00453-00152304-00152512 When you're going for certificates 3TitKkgmxUE-00454-00152512-00152775 and this processing going to apply, 3TitKkgmxUE-00455-00152775-00153179 you could actually pay 8,000 pounds to get premium service, 3TitKkgmxUE-00456-00153179-00153479 where they'll do it pretty much instantly. 3TitKkgmxUE-00457-00153479-00153762 Otherwise you're looking at an eight to 10 week wait, 3TitKkgmxUE-00458-00153762-00153962 so if you started now, 3TitKkgmxUE-00459-00153962-00154220 you've probably wouldn't be able 3TitKkgmxUE-00460-00154220-00154666 to hire anyone until the end of January at the earliest. 3TitKkgmxUE-00461-00154666-00154841 Or, and you'll see this a lot 3TitKkgmxUE-00462-00154841-00155241 with a lot of the visas and the process. 3TitKkgmxUE-00463-00155241-00155337 You can spend a little bit more money 3TitKkgmxUE-00464-00155337-00155591 and they'll process it faster. 3TitKkgmxUE-00465-00155591-00155787 So if you're hoping 3TitKkgmxUE-00466-00155787-00156116 to hire someone I'm going to say January 1st 3TitKkgmxUE-00467-00156116-00156404 and you're going for an application soon, 3TitKkgmxUE-00468-00156404-00156733 if you pay an extra 500, and basically get it done 3TitKkgmxUE-00469-00156733-00157083 in 10 working days, about two weeks. 3TitKkgmxUE-00470-00157437-00157700 So we've gone through this process, I've gone 3TitKkgmxUE-00471-00157700-00158004 through it with Archaeology Scotland. 3TitKkgmxUE-00472-00158004-00158420 There's two ways it happens when you do an application. 3TitKkgmxUE-00473-00158420-00158679 We had this happen to us. 3TitKkgmxUE-00474-00158679-00158962 Some of the paperwork we put in was not 3TitKkgmxUE-00475-00158962-00159275 on letterhead on every page. 3TitKkgmxUE-00476-00159275-00159775 And so they rejected it except they didn't quite reject it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00477-00159795-00160029 They would through our application and told us 3TitKkgmxUE-00478-00160029-00160283 to resubmit with the corrected forms. 3TitKkgmxUE-00479-00160283-00160608 And when we did that, we didn't have to lose the money 3TitKkgmxUE-00480-00160608-00160870 we put in for the application. 3TitKkgmxUE-00481-00160870-00161141 They basically just sent us our stuff back. 3TitKkgmxUE-00482-00161141-00161558 We refilled it, sent it back in and got it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00483-00161558-00161787 They do not have to do that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00484-00161787-00162083 It is something nice that they do, but if they do straight 3TitKkgmxUE-00485-00162083-00162420 out reject to you, you lose your fees. 3TitKkgmxUE-00486-00162420-00162625 So a lot of times they'll be kind and just 3TitKkgmxUE-00487-00162625-00163066 withdraw your application if there's a small mistake 3TitKkgmxUE-00488-00163066-00163287 but they, if they reject it say you went 3TitKkgmxUE-00489-00163287-00163587 in there but had criminal conviction that disqualified you, 3TitKkgmxUE-00490-00163587-00163933 they'll reject it and you'll lose your fees. 3TitKkgmxUE-00491-00163933-00164337 And also you can't reapply for while as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00492-00164525-00164733 Once you've got your application through 3TitKkgmxUE-00493-00164733-00164941 and you've been accepted, 3TitKkgmxUE-00494-00164941-00165316 you have to have a job that qualifies. 3TitKkgmxUE-00495-00165316-00165695 Because we got, sorry excuse me for a second. 3TitKkgmxUE-00496-00165845-00165958 Apologies to everyone. 3TitKkgmxUE-00497-00166729-00167129 Because we got archaeology on the shortage occupation list, 3TitKkgmxUE-00498-00167129-00167566 that knocked down the minimum to about 20,800. 3TitKkgmxUE-00499-00167566-00167733 If archaeology wasn't on that, 3TitKkgmxUE-00500-00167733-00168162 the minimum for the salary would be much higher. 3TitKkgmxUE-00501-00168295-00168850 That's basically the only requirement going forward 3TitKkgmxUE-00502-00168850-00169045 that you need for this. 3TitKkgmxUE-00503-00169045-00169420 Then you need to find someone to hire. 3TitKkgmxUE-00504-00169420-00169629 Once you decided on someone, you go 3TitKkgmxUE-00505-00169629-00169816 into this online computer system managed 3TitKkgmxUE-00506-00169816-00170145 by the people that you've told them they will manage it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00507-00170145-00170300 You have to fill in some paperwork, 3TitKkgmxUE-00508-00170300-00170500 you have to do a job description. 3TitKkgmxUE-00509-00170500-00170754 A job description is key, 3TitKkgmxUE-00510-00170754-00170941 there's advantages to being archaeologists. 3TitKkgmxUE-00511-00170941-00171095 So you have to put it 3TitKkgmxUE-00512-00171095-00171295 into the job description about archaeology. 3TitKkgmxUE-00513-00171295-00171591 Definitely try to include archaeology in the job title. 3TitKkgmxUE-00514-00171591-00171737 The people reviewing these 3TitKkgmxUE-00515-00171737-00172045 are not experts in archaeology or most fields. 3TitKkgmxUE-00516-00172045-00172241 They have no idea what the job is. 3TitKkgmxUE-00517-00172241-00172470 They're basically looking at it and saying, yeah 3TitKkgmxUE-00518-00172470-00172783 that seems like it's something that archaeologists would do. 3TitKkgmxUE-00519-00172783-00173054 And so it's best to also have the job title 3TitKkgmxUE-00520-00173054-00173320 have archaeology somewhere in it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00521-00173320-00173520 You enter in all these details online 3TitKkgmxUE-00522-00173520-00173920 you pay this fee of 199 pounds, and then you get a cost 3TitKkgmxUE-00523-00173920-00174166 which is just a certificate of sponsorship. 3TitKkgmxUE-00524-00174166-00174304 And actually it's just a bunch 3TitKkgmxUE-00525-00174304-00174791 of letters and numbers that you then give this code 3TitKkgmxUE-00526-00174791-00175050 to your potential employee. 3TitKkgmxUE-00527-00175050-00175466 And they use that for their application. 3TitKkgmxUE-00528-00175587-00175891 Again, very important why archaeology being 3TitKkgmxUE-00529-00175891-00176316 on the shortage occupation lists, if you weren't, 3TitKkgmxUE-00530-00176316-00176691 and so this is for all supplying hiring non archaeologists 3TitKkgmxUE-00531-00176691-00176941 for non archaeology, not hiring non archaeologists, 3TitKkgmxUE-00532-00176941-00177237 hiring people for an archaeology jobs. 3TitKkgmxUE-00533-00177237-00177458 My suggestion is even as they're doing geophysics 3TitKkgmxUE-00534-00177458-00177812 call it archaeology geophysics, anything 3TitKkgmxUE-00535-00177812-00178112 just make it as archaeology related as possible. 3TitKkgmxUE-00536-00178112-00178416 Cause jobs are not on the shortage occupation list 3TitKkgmxUE-00537-00178416-00178820 have to pay a skill surcharge. 3TitKkgmxUE-00538-00178820-00179275 And if you're a large organisation over a five-year visa 3TitKkgmxUE-00539-00179275-00179529 that's gonna be 5,000 pounds that you have to pay 3TitKkgmxUE-00540-00179529-00179833 and you have to pay this at the beginning. 3TitKkgmxUE-00541-00179833-00179929 You can get a refund, 3TitKkgmxUE-00542-00179929-00180354 let's say if leaves before the end of those five years 3TitKkgmxUE-00543-00180354-00180741 but you need to put down that money right away. 3TitKkgmxUE-00544-00180741-00180966 There's exceptions, so if someone was coming from 3TitKkgmxUE-00545-00180966-00181291 being a student in the UK straight into a job, 3TitKkgmxUE-00546-00181291-00181570 a PhD-level job 3TitKkgmxUE-00547-00181570-00181841 they called it PhD-level because of the requirements. 3TitKkgmxUE-00548-00181841-00182150 You don't need to have a PhD to do it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00549-00182150-00182408 Archaeology currently comes under that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00550-00182408-00182991 So shortage occupation lists mainly helps for the salary. 3TitKkgmxUE-00551-00182991-00183183 If you, if you word everything right 3TitKkgmxUE-00552-00183183-00183512 you would also be able to skip the skill surcharge 3TitKkgmxUE-00553-00183512-00183779 if we weren't on the shortage occupation list, 3TitKkgmxUE-00554-00183779-00183991 but that's basically, 3TitKkgmxUE-00555-00183991-00184337 you're saving thousands of pounds from archaeology being 3TitKkgmxUE-00556-00184337-00184841 on the storage occupation list and being a PhD level job. 3TitKkgmxUE-00557-00184991-00185133 This is just to give you a bit 3TitKkgmxUE-00558-00185133-00185304 of the costs that you're looking at. 3TitKkgmxUE-00559-00185304-00185804 So those are the costs to start, cost per certificate 3TitKkgmxUE-00560-00185804-00185941 potentially other costs, 3TitKkgmxUE-00561-00185941-00186408 if you want to get things sped up on your process 3TitKkgmxUE-00562-00186408-00186700 and then if you don't have exceptions. 3TitKkgmxUE-00563-00186700-00186908 So if you're hiring someone who's not an archaeologist 3TitKkgmxUE-00564-00186908-00187158 maybe accountants or something like that, 3TitKkgmxUE-00565-00187158-00187345 you are also looking at 3TitKkgmxUE-00566-00187345-00187579 between two and 5,000 pounds pan the size 3TitKkgmxUE-00567-00187579-00187966 of your organisation to be able to hire that person. 3TitKkgmxUE-00568-00188100-00188462 Process from the employee, need to be able 3TitKkgmxUE-00569-00188462-00188562 to demonstrate that you speak English, 3TitKkgmxUE-00570-00188562-00188820 which means you either have to have a qualification. 3TitKkgmxUE-00571-00188820-00189116 They usually accept like say a UK degree 3TitKkgmxUE-00572-00189116-00189262 from a UK university means 3TitKkgmxUE-00573-00189262-00189458 that you would have had to have known enough English 3TitKkgmxUE-00574-00189458-00189654 to get that, things like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00575-00189654-00189829 Also certain countries are automatic. 3TitKkgmxUE-00576-00189829-00190145 So Canada, United States, Australia 3TitKkgmxUE-00577-00190145-00190262 if you're coming from one of those countries 3TitKkgmxUE-00578-00190262-00190666 you don't need to demonstrate you can speak English. 3TitKkgmxUE-00579-00190666-00190979 One of the sort of a bit annoying is you also 3TitKkgmxUE-00580-00190979-00191179 need to demonstrate that you have a certain amount 3TitKkgmxUE-00581-00191179-00191404 of money in your bank account. 3TitKkgmxUE-00582-00191404-00191616 Though, employers, if they want to, 3TitKkgmxUE-00583-00191616-00191766 when going through the process 3TitKkgmxUE-00584-00191766-00192137 of issuing you a costs can also vouch 3TitKkgmxUE-00585-00192137-00192566 that they would cover 945 pounds. 3TitKkgmxUE-00586-00192566-00192691 If for example, you came 3TitKkgmxUE-00587-00192691-00193095 and didn't have any money to start out work. 3TitKkgmxUE-00588-00193312-00193583 These are the costs on the storage occupation list 3TitKkgmxUE-00589-00193583-00193875 which archaeology is, this is what it normally is. 3TitKkgmxUE-00590-00193875-00194241 So by being on the shortage occupation list 3TitKkgmxUE-00591-00194241-00194570 we're saving potential employees several hundred 3TitKkgmxUE-00592-00194570-00195091 if not thousands of pounds in fees. 3TitKkgmxUE-00593-00195295-00195441 You can't get over this. 3TitKkgmxUE-00594-00195441-00195804 Almost every visa comes with the health surcharge. 3TitKkgmxUE-00595-00195804-00196125 It recently went up, it was only 400 something. 3TitKkgmxUE-00596-00196125-00196208 And then at the end 3TitKkgmxUE-00597-00196208-00196775 of October, it went up to 624 and yes, this is a work visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00598-00196775-00196912 And you have to have a job. 3TitKkgmxUE-00599-00196912-00197133 You have to be paying you UK taxes. 3TitKkgmxUE-00600-00197133-00197441 So you are going to be paying for the NHS 3TitKkgmxUE-00601-00197441-00197720 but you also have to pay the surcharge on top of that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00602-00197720-00197995 So you're being double taxed 3TitKkgmxUE-00603-00198104-00198229 Again with this visa, 3TitKkgmxUE-00604-00198229-00198545 if you're bringing over a family, 13,000 3TitKkgmxUE-00605-00198545-00198941 almost 14,000 pounds potentially next year 3TitKkgmxUE-00606-00198941-00199333 when they raise the fees, it would be about 14,000 pounds 3TitKkgmxUE-00607-00199333-00199591 a single person you're looking at, you know 3TitKkgmxUE-00608-00199591-00200104 for five years, you know, 3000, some pounds. 3TitKkgmxUE-00609-00200237-00200441 Here's the times for the applications. 3TitKkgmxUE-00610-00200441-00200858 It's quicker if you're outside the UK 3TitKkgmxUE-00611-00200858-00201270 but it is also a bit difficult. 3TitKkgmxUE-00612-00201270-00201491 Most are done in three weeks 3TitKkgmxUE-00613-00201491-00201729 but it could take up to 12 weeks. 3TitKkgmxUE-00614-00201729-00202175 So if you have a job starting next month, 3TitKkgmxUE-00615-00202383-00202695 you basically have these other options, which is 3TitKkgmxUE-00616-00202695-00203108 you can pay extra money to get the visas done quicker. 3TitKkgmxUE-00617-00203108-00203791 So if you need someone to start next week or within a week, 3TitKkgmxUE-00618-00203791-00204075 you can basically pay 500 or 800 extra pounds. 3TitKkgmxUE-00619-00204075-00204245 When you're doing your application to get it turned 3TitKkgmxUE-00620-00204245-00204637 around almost instantaneously. 3TitKkgmxUE-00621-00204637-00204800 The one to two days is something 3TitKkgmxUE-00622-00204800-00204991 about if you have a appointment 3TitKkgmxUE-00623-00204991-00205300 on a weekend they won't get back to you until Monday. 3TitKkgmxUE-00624-00205300-00205541 But if you say, how do I appoint my on Monday, 3TitKkgmxUE-00625-00205541-00205841 you find out on Tuesday. 3TitKkgmxUE-00626-00206100-00206437 This is just my personal experience, 3TitKkgmxUE-00627-00206437-00206929 we've always paid the extra money to go in person. 3TitKkgmxUE-00628-00206929-00207116 It used to be, you actually went and talked 3TitKkgmxUE-00629-00207116-00207479 to someone from the office who was a government employee. 3TitKkgmxUE-00630-00207479-00207737 They have now outsourced this 3TitKkgmxUE-00631-00207737-00207958 but it did save us a lot of money. 3TitKkgmxUE-00632-00207958-00208095 Several years ago, we went there 3TitKkgmxUE-00633-00208095-00208454 but we were applying to the, we couldn't apply 3TitKkgmxUE-00634-00208454-00208854 in country because we were switching from a different visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00635-00208854-00209216 If we had done that by mail, they would have rejected it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00636-00209216-00209400 And we would've lost a thousand pounds. 3TitKkgmxUE-00637-00209400-00209712 We went in person to Glasgow. 3TitKkgmxUE-00638-00209712-00209991 They basically went through our application, 3TitKkgmxUE-00639-00209991-00210229 told us we can do something else. 3TitKkgmxUE-00640-00210229-00210383 Basically my wife had to leave the country 3TitKkgmxUE-00641-00210383-00210600 to be able to reapply. 3TitKkgmxUE-00642-00210600-00210837 It was a cheaper visa, but the money we saved 3TitKkgmxUE-00643-00210837-00211020 from not having to lose that thousand, we were able 3TitKkgmxUE-00644-00211020-00211204 to pay for a plane ticket out of the country, 3TitKkgmxUE-00645-00211204-00211579 so she could apply to come back in. 3TitKkgmxUE-00646-00211579-00212000 But if you're not doing in-person 3TitKkgmxUE-00647-00212000-00212116 that and they don't have to do this 3TitKkgmxUE-00648-00212116-00212375 in person they could still have rejected us. 3TitKkgmxUE-00649-00212375-00212541 That was just them being nice. 3TitKkgmxUE-00650-00212541-00212725 Same thing happened when we went for indefinitely 3TitKkgmxUE-00651-00212725-00212866 to remain we went out to Glasgow. 3TitKkgmxUE-00652-00212866-00213245 This is the new system where it's outsourced. 3TitKkgmxUE-00653-00213245-00213404 And so they actually just check your documents 3TitKkgmxUE-00654-00213404-00213645 to make sure that they're correct before submitting them 3TitKkgmxUE-00655-00213645-00213883 onto the home office. 3TitKkgmxUE-00656-00213883-00214279 But again, we had missed one of our documents. 3TitKkgmxUE-00657-00214279-00214362 They were kind enough, 3TitKkgmxUE-00658-00214362-00214600 I took the train all the way back to Musselburgh, 3TitKkgmxUE-00659-00214600-00214804 came back in the afternoon, they let me in, 3TitKkgmxUE-00660-00214804-00215075 they let me add the one document that we had missed. 3TitKkgmxUE-00661-00215075-00215504 And again, that would have saved us 4,000 pounds 3TitKkgmxUE-00662-00215504-00215691 if we got rejected. 3TitKkgmxUE-00663-00215691-00216070 So sometimes it is worth it 3TitKkgmxUE-00664-00216070-00216316 to go through and pay the extra money. 3TitKkgmxUE-00665-00216316-00216558 Cause you get to see at least see a person 3TitKkgmxUE-00666-00216558-00216845 an actual person that's not through mail. 3TitKkgmxUE-00667-00216845-00217091 And if they're feeling happy that day, 3TitKkgmxUE-00668-00217091-00217300 they may just withdraw your application instead 3TitKkgmxUE-00669-00217300-00217641 of reject it or give you chances to make corrections 3TitKkgmxUE-00670-00217641-00218004 that you won't be able to through the mail. 3TitKkgmxUE-00671-00218166-00218383 This is just to say, there's also a different version 3TitKkgmxUE-00672-00218383-00218625 of the tier two intercompany transfer. 3TitKkgmxUE-00673-00218625-00218870 That is if you are a large organisation 3TitKkgmxUE-00674-00218870-00219137 that has workers in different countries, 3TitKkgmxUE-00675-00219137-00219508 just some, it's basically everything I've gone over 3TitKkgmxUE-00676-00219508-00219683 just slightly different requirements. 3TitKkgmxUE-00677-00219683-00219862 That is someone to do that has to have been working 3TitKkgmxUE-00678-00219862-00220133 for you for a year or a graduate trainee. 3TitKkgmxUE-00679-00220133-00220312 And this has to be for a specialist position, 3TitKkgmxUE-00680-00220312-00220604 only three months but there is no discount. 3TitKkgmxUE-00681-00220604-00220866 There's no shortage occupation discount fee. 3TitKkgmxUE-00682-00220866-00221166 So you're paying the full fees for visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00683-00221291-00221466 And this is sort of our assessment 3TitKkgmxUE-00684-00221466-00221812 of how we think this is going to be for the sector. 3TitKkgmxUE-00685-00221812-00222154 We do not see this as being workable 3TitKkgmxUE-00686-00222154-00222654 for most say technicians, diggers, excavators. 3TitKkgmxUE-00687-00222662-00223091 However you wanna call the term. 3TitKkgmxUE-00688-00223191-00223533 It's you know, weeks to find out, unless you're willing 3TitKkgmxUE-00689-00223533-00223791 to pay several thousand more, you have 3TitKkgmxUE-00690-00223791-00224129 to apply for at least a year visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00691-00224129-00224575 So the employer employee, you know, employers 3TitKkgmxUE-00692-00224575-00224854 can pay the health surcharge fee if they want 3TitKkgmxUE-00693-00224854-00225320 or the visa fees, or it could be up to employee. 3TitKkgmxUE-00694-00225320-00225645 You guys would have to work that out, but you're looking at 3TitKkgmxUE-00695-00225645-00226108 you know, for maybe a couple of months of work, 3TitKkgmxUE-00696-00226108-00226441 several thousand just to get a visa for someone to do this. 3TitKkgmxUE-00697-00226850-00227329 It comes pretty close to modern indentured servitude. 3TitKkgmxUE-00698-00227329-00227633 Visas are tied to the employer. 3TitKkgmxUE-00699-00227633-00227866 So you cannot go and work for someone else. 3TitKkgmxUE-00700-00227866-00227970 Once you've got this visa 3TitKkgmxUE-00701-00227970-00228341 you have to work for your employer, who is the sponsor. 3TitKkgmxUE-00702-00228341-00228508 If you switch employers, you have to go through 3TitKkgmxUE-00703-00228508-00228808 the process all over again and you have to pay fees again. 3TitKkgmxUE-00704-00228808-00229008 So you have to pay for a whole new visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00705-00229008-00229491 So again, in a lot of archaeology where you're, you know 3TitKkgmxUE-00706-00229491-00229879 couple of months at one company, a couple months at another 3TitKkgmxUE-00707-00229879-00230066 each time you're paying several hundred. 3TitKkgmxUE-00708-00230066-00230500 If not thousands, sometimes you can get 3TitKkgmxUE-00709-00230500-00230679 so if you've paid the health surcharge 3TitKkgmxUE-00710-00230679-00230958 you might be able to get some of that counted towards 3TitKkgmxUE-00711-00230958-00231366 you know, a new visa, may not be able to, 3TitKkgmxUE-00712-00231366-00231637 you really have to trust your employer. 3TitKkgmxUE-00713-00231637-00231754 If you bring over dependence, 3TitKkgmxUE-00714-00231754-00231950 they're tied to your jobs so they can work. 3TitKkgmxUE-00715-00231950-00232200 But if you lose your job, they lose their right 3TitKkgmxUE-00716-00232200-00232750 to work, and you have no right to public funds. 3TitKkgmxUE-00717-00232750-00233200 So basically if, if the job ends for any reason, 3TitKkgmxUE-00718-00233200-00233625 you get no unemployment support, nothing like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00719-00233625-00233900 And depending on how your visa ends 3TitKkgmxUE-00720-00233900-00234083 or the job ends and whatnot, 3TitKkgmxUE-00721-00234083-00234379 you have one to two months to leave the country. 3TitKkgmxUE-00722-00234379-00234654 So essentially you have no support. 3TitKkgmxUE-00723-00234654-00234791 You're unemployed. 3TitKkgmxUE-00724-00234791-00234937 If you have a spouse, 3TitKkgmxUE-00725-00234937-00235320 they're unemployed at that point as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00726-00235320-00235545 And you have to either go back to your home country 3TitKkgmxUE-00727-00235545-00236183 with you, or maybe you and your spouse, not having any jobs 3TitKkgmxUE-00728-00236183-00236579 and having no support for those last month or two. 3TitKkgmxUE-00729-00236579-00236862 So it's a lot of risk. 3TitKkgmxUE-00730-00236862-00237120 And basically you're at the whim 3TitKkgmxUE-00731-00237120-00237500 of your employer because there is not a lot 3TitKkgmxUE-00732-00237500-00237870 of tier two sponsors at the moment in archaeology, 3TitKkgmxUE-00733-00237870-00238370 your odds of getting another job are very low. 3TitKkgmxUE-00734-00238633-00238766 This is probably doable 3TitKkgmxUE-00735-00238766-00239083 for people who have staff that are either permanent 3TitKkgmxUE-00736-00239083-00239487 or looking to be long-term, obviously there's the drawback 3TitKkgmxUE-00737-00239487-00239908 of the costs, but it is, 3TitKkgmxUE-00738-00240045-00240491 it's not that great of a cost for some people. 3TitKkgmxUE-00739-00240491-00240654 Again, you know, some people coming over 3TitKkgmxUE-00740-00240654-00240887 with families that's going to be 10,000 pounds. 3TitKkgmxUE-00741-00240887-00241470 That probably is not doable, but for others it could be. 3TitKkgmxUE-00742-00241470-00241816 And with the new system, it is definitely much 3TitKkgmxUE-00743-00241816-00241987 more accessible, there's no limits 3TitKkgmxUE-00744-00241987-00242225 on how many visas can be given out. 3TitKkgmxUE-00745-00242225-00242391 There's no requirements that you have to have given it 3TitKkgmxUE-00746-00242391-00242716 to the best, the minimum qualified person in the UK, 3TitKkgmxUE-00747-00242716-00242995 all things like that, so it is doable. 3TitKkgmxUE-00748-00242995-00243329 We think this might be taken out 3TitKkgmxUE-00749-00243408-00243662 in the dozens is what we're looking at. 3TitKkgmxUE-00750-00243662-00243775 This in the tier one, 3TitKkgmxUE-00751-00243775-00244083 we'd probably expect maybe a few dozen people 3TitKkgmxUE-00752-00244083-00244312 over the years to take it up 3TitKkgmxUE-00753-00244312-00244562 and probably for sort of permit staff, people 3TitKkgmxUE-00754-00244562-00244783 who are either higher up in management 3TitKkgmxUE-00755-00244783-00245220 or specialists, someone who has a very specialist skill. 3TitKkgmxUE-00756-00245554-00245937 This is just to give you some information 3TitKkgmxUE-00757-00245937-00246162 on some other visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00758-00246162-00246508 So just because you're not a, if you're an employer 3TitKkgmxUE-00759-00246508-00246812 and you decide not to be a tier two sponsor 3TitKkgmxUE-00760-00246812-00247141 don't necessarily reject someone right off the bat. 3TitKkgmxUE-00761-00247141-00247329 There are a couple of other visas that could possibly 3TitKkgmxUE-00762-00247329-00247775 get that would allow them to work for you. 3TitKkgmxUE-00763-00247775-00248266 Same for people who are looking to come work here in the UK. 3TitKkgmxUE-00764-00248266-00248429 There are some other visas that you can look 3TitKkgmxUE-00765-00248429-00248850 into that might allow you to work here. 3TitKkgmxUE-00766-00248850-00249175 So there's the UK ancestry visa 3TitKkgmxUE-00767-00249175-00249662 basically all Commonwealth citizens, not the USA. 3TitKkgmxUE-00768-00249662-00249954 I think there is an issue with some tea in a harbour, 3TitKkgmxUE-00769-00249954-00250245 that made that not happen. 3TitKkgmxUE-00770-00250245-00250437 You have to be applying from outside the UK. 3TitKkgmxUE-00771-00250437-00250612 So you can't be here as like a student 3TitKkgmxUE-00772-00250612-00250795 or trying to switch from like a tier two 3TitKkgmxUE-00773-00250795-00251270 because your visa ran out and stuff like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00774-00251354-00251533 Basically have to prove one of your grandparents was born 3TitKkgmxUE-00775-00251533-00251912 in the UK, also Ireland before 1922, 3TitKkgmxUE-00776-00251912-00252325 though Ireland also allows anyone 3TitKkgmxUE-00777-00252325-00252662 with an Irish grandparent to claim Irish citizenship. 3TitKkgmxUE-00778-00252662-00253000 As we mentioned, common travel area. 3TitKkgmxUE-00779-00253000-00253333 I would probably recommend people go for the Irish one. 3TitKkgmxUE-00780-00253333-00253591 Cause you also are a EU citizen as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00781-00253591-00253816 So there's more benefits from that, 3TitKkgmxUE-00782-00253816-00254104 but it's still an option. 3TitKkgmxUE-00783-00254216-00254383 You gotta show that you plan to work in the UK. 3TitKkgmxUE-00784-00254383-00254579 That means that you need to have like a job offer 3TitKkgmxUE-00785-00254579-00254716 or business plan. 3TitKkgmxUE-00786-00254716-00254916 Again, this is what I'm saying, 3TitKkgmxUE-00787-00254916-00255291 so employers don't quite 3TitKkgmxUE-00788-00255291-00255441 don't tell people they can't right away. 3TitKkgmxUE-00789-00255441-00255629 See if it's a possibility 3TitKkgmxUE-00790-00255629-00255983 and they may be able to get a UK ancestry visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00791-00255983-00256225 In which case they can come work for you. 3TitKkgmxUE-00792-00256225-00256516 It's not tied to employers as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00793-00256516-00256616 It's up to five years. 3TitKkgmxUE-00794-00256616-00257179 So you couldn't hire people on UK ancestry visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00795-00257179-00257354 This is very brief. 3TitKkgmxUE-00796-00257354-00257541 There's so many regulations and stuff, 3TitKkgmxUE-00797-00257541-00257887 this is just to give you a a heads up sort of some ideas, 3TitKkgmxUE-00798-00257887-00258079 not necessarily to go into the same depth 3TitKkgmxUE-00799-00258079-00258375 as I went into with the tier two. 3TitKkgmxUE-00800-00258375-00258625 These are the costs. 3TitKkgmxUE-00801-00258895-00259429 Another option is there's a post study work visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00802-00259429-00259737 Currently, there's a, if you're a PhD student 3TitKkgmxUE-00803-00259737-00259879 you can get a one-year visa where you can work 3TitKkgmxUE-00804-00259879-00260191 for anyone, that actually counts towards your time 3TitKkgmxUE-00805-00260191-00260733 for indefinitely to remain, sometime in the summer 3TitKkgmxUE-00806-00260733-00261000 of 2021 that's going to be changing, as you may be spending 3TitKkgmxUE-00807-00261000-00261304 not just PhDs, but master's students as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-00808-00261304-00261587 And it'll be two to three years. 3TitKkgmxUE-00809-00261587-00261700 It's not quite clear, 3TitKkgmxUE-00810-00261700-00261987 they haven't come out with the exact regulations 3TitKkgmxUE-00811-00261987-00262312 but it may not count towards indefinitely to remain. 3TitKkgmxUE-00812-00262312-00262562 But basically anyone who who's got a degree 3TitKkgmxUE-00813-00262562-00262737 from a UK university will be able 3TitKkgmxUE-00814-00262737-00263070 to work for a couple of years afterwards 3TitKkgmxUE-00815-00263070-00263283 for anyone so that they'll have the right to work. 3TitKkgmxUE-00816-00263283-00263729 So again, if you have students, or students come 3TitKkgmxUE-00817-00263729-00264012 to you and ask you if there's jobs, 3TitKkgmxUE-00818-00264012-00264337 starting in about six months, there's more options for them. 3TitKkgmxUE-00819-00264337-00264629 And so they might be able to come work for you. 3TitKkgmxUE-00820-00264629-00265008 Please pass that onto the students. 3TitKkgmxUE-00821-00265008-00265220 Again, it's the same fees as you have 3TitKkgmxUE-00822-00265300-00265741 for a tier four student visa plus the health surcharge. 3TitKkgmxUE-00823-00265741-00266200 Another one is there's between 18 and 30, 3TitKkgmxUE-00824-00266200-00266662 from these countries, you can come and work for two years. 3TitKkgmxUE-00825-00266662-00266870 Those are the fees and health charge, 3TitKkgmxUE-00826-00266870-00267216 again, possible for some people. 3TitKkgmxUE-00827-00267575-00267916 There might be one or two archaeology companies 3TitKkgmxUE-00828-00267916-00268287 from outside UK who maybe wants to send someone 3TitKkgmxUE-00829-00268287-00268829 over to set up a branch or some sort of subsidiary. 3TitKkgmxUE-00830-00268829-00269025 You can do that, you can get basically a three year 3TitKkgmxUE-00831-00269025-00269229 and then you can add extra two years to it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00832-00269229-00269437 It's a visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00833-00269437-00269650 Again, there's some other requirements, that's the cost. 3TitKkgmxUE-00834-00269650-00269883 Again, you have to pay the health surcharge 3TitKkgmxUE-00835-00269883-00270120 but archaeology and hertitage organisations 3TitKkgmxUE-00836-00270120-00270379 from other countries could send someone over here 3TitKkgmxUE-00837-00270379-00270666 and give them a visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00838-00270666-00270875 Here's a few others. 3TitKkgmxUE-00839-00270875-00271216 I don't think anyone's going to be really able to use them 3TitKkgmxUE-00840-00271216-00271533 but you never know if you have 2 million pounds 3TitKkgmxUE-00841-00271533-00272033 you're willing to invest in the UK. 3TitKkgmxUE-00842-00272033-00272245 There's an innovator, 3TitKkgmxUE-00843-00272245-00272479 which means you have to have an organisation. 3TitKkgmxUE-00844-00272479-00272604 You know, you probably are already 3TitKkgmxUE-00845-00272604-00272750 in the UK and you've started a company 3TitKkgmxUE-00846-00272750-00272991 and someone's invested 50,000 into it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00847-00272991-00273075 There's also a startup. 3TitKkgmxUE-00848-00273075-00273345 So if you're looking to start up companies, 3TitKkgmxUE-00849-00273345-00273629 there's a lot of university programmes 3TitKkgmxUE-00850-00273629-00273991 that basically have the ability to be the sponsor for that. 3TitKkgmxUE-00851-00273991-00274195 I'm not sure what the other organisations 3TitKkgmxUE-00852-00274195-00274375 the business organisations are. 3TitKkgmxUE-00853-00274375-00274604 But if you're say a student and you have an idea 3TitKkgmxUE-00854-00274604-00274879 for a heritage archaeology business, 3TitKkgmxUE-00855-00274879-00275279 check with your universities, business support department 3TitKkgmxUE-00856-00275279-00275708 or they'll have some sort of name for it 3TitKkgmxUE-00857-00275708-00276187 most of them are the sort of sponsors for a startup visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00858-00276187-00276429 So you basically pitch your idea to them. 3TitKkgmxUE-00859-00276429-00276583 And then they'll say yes 3TitKkgmxUE-00860-00276583-00276912 or no and they can give you a startup visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00861-00277070-00277258 A lot of people end up marrying 3TitKkgmxUE-00862-00277258-00277695 someone who's British and get a spouse visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00863-00277850-00278041 There are a tonne more visas I haven't covered 3TitKkgmxUE-00864-00278041-00278466 because I just don't think they're relevant 3TitKkgmxUE-00865-00278466-00278550 but you never know. 3TitKkgmxUE-00866-00278550-00278770 You could maybe want to become a domestic servant 3TitKkgmxUE-00867-00278770-00279062 for someone or a temporary farm worker. 3TitKkgmxUE-00868-00279062-00279354 Again, I don't think that was applicable to archaeologists. 3TitKkgmxUE-00869-00279354-00279883 I have just been covering the ones I think are relevant. 3TitKkgmxUE-00870-00279883-00280245 And just to end, I'd mentioned earlier that charities 3TitKkgmxUE-00871-00280245-00280566 when they're applying for a tier two visa can also apply 3TitKkgmxUE-00872-00280566-00281179 for a tier five of one programme with this. 3TitKkgmxUE-00873-00281179-00281300 It runs for one year 3TitKkgmxUE-00874-00281300-00281616 someone can come and volunteer with your charity. 3TitKkgmxUE-00875-00281616-00281716 It's much cheaper. 3TitKkgmxUE-00876-00281716-00282054 It's only 21 pounds to issue a certificate 3TitKkgmxUE-00877-00282275-00282387 and again to pay for it, 3TitKkgmxUE-00878-00282387-00282541 basically you tick a box 3TitKkgmxUE-00879-00282541-00282791 when you're applying for your tier two sponsorship 3TitKkgmxUE-00880-00282791-00283095 and you can get tier five for free. 3TitKkgmxUE-00881-00283208-00283325 People can come over. 3TitKkgmxUE-00882-00283325-00283629 They can volunteer for you for a couple of hours a week 3TitKkgmxUE-00883-00283629-00283954 maybe a day or two here or there a week. 3TitKkgmxUE-00884-00283954-00284158 And then they can also work 20 hours 3TitKkgmxUE-00885-00284158-00284633 in the same field or any job on the storage occupation list. 3TitKkgmxUE-00886-00284633-00284925 That's the cost. 3TitKkgmxUE-00887-00284925-00285208 We have done three of these, 3TitKkgmxUE-00888-00285208-00285420 I've personally helped go through with three of these. 3TitKkgmxUE-00889-00285420-00285983 There is at least in my experience, a type which has been 3TitKkgmxUE-00890-00285983-00286550 it has been women who have found UK based partners 3TitKkgmxUE-00891-00286550-00286670 but haven't married yet. 3TitKkgmxUE-00892-00286670-00287108 And so don't have the option of a spouse visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00893-00287108-00287270 They've contacted us. 3TitKkgmxUE-00894-00287270-00287708 We said yes, they come over volunteer for a few hours 3TitKkgmxUE-00895-00287708-00288012 work a bit in other archaeology jobs 3TitKkgmxUE-00896-00288012-00288445 and are basically stay with their partners for about a year, 3TitKkgmxUE-00897-00288445-00289016 and then eventually move on to spousal visas. 3TitKkgmxUE-00898-00289016-00289170 That's our experience with it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00899-00289170-00289470 I'm not sure the other people would run different programmes 3TitKkgmxUE-00900-00289470-00289741 and different things would happen. 3TitKkgmxUE-00901-00289741-00289987 I would like to say, if any employers are thinking 3TitKkgmxUE-00902-00289987-00290404 about this, please, please think about it morally. 3TitKkgmxUE-00903-00290404-00290683 And that you shouldn't have someone volunteering 3TitKkgmxUE-00904-00290683-00290991 for you for 40 hours a week just to come over. 3TitKkgmxUE-00905-00290991-00291270 They should have time to be able to work elsewhere 3TitKkgmxUE-00906-00291270-00291541 and you know, be able to support themselves. 3TitKkgmxUE-00907-00291541-00291625 We try to keep it 3TitKkgmxUE-00908-00291625-00291954 as minimum as possible for the volunteering. 3TitKkgmxUE-00909-00291954-00292241 So that's the option there. 3TitKkgmxUE-00910-00292441-00292841 One thing I haven't covered is that there are tonnes 3TitKkgmxUE-00911-00292841-00293200 of little bits of regulations for each visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-00912-00293200-00293479 So just to give you an example 3TitKkgmxUE-00913-00293479-00293808 if you're on the doctoral extension visa, 3TitKkgmxUE-00914-00293808-00294112 you can't work as a dentist or a stripper. 3TitKkgmxUE-00915-00294112-00294258 It's those little tiny things 3TitKkgmxUE-00916-00294258-00294445 that will maybe possibly catch you up. 3TitKkgmxUE-00917-00294445-00294662 There's tonnes of regulations. 3TitKkgmxUE-00918-00294662-00295054 And again, they're always changing them. 3TitKkgmxUE-00919-00295054-00295533 This is not legal advice, but if you're looking for advice, 3TitKkgmxUE-00920-00295533-00295795 I would definitely not recommend you go 3TitKkgmxUE-00921-00295795-00296104 to their call in line. 3TitKkgmxUE-00922-00296104-00296345 Basically it costs a ridiculous amount 3TitKkgmxUE-00923-00296345-00296575 several pounds a minute, and they just read 3TitKkgmxUE-00924-00296575-00296870 off the regulations that you can find on the website. 3TitKkgmxUE-00925-00296870-00297100 They don't clarify anything for you. 3TitKkgmxUE-00926-00297100-00297258 So they'll just read off 3TitKkgmxUE-00927-00297258-00297579 what's already been written, so it's not worth it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00928-00297579-00297925 So please do not go to the hotline. 3TitKkgmxUE-00929-00298058-00298200 Once you are a sponsor, 3TitKkgmxUE-00930-00298200-00298508 there is a number to call, I've had mixed results. 3TitKkgmxUE-00931-00298508-00298812 Sometimes I call and they're really great and great advice. 3TitKkgmxUE-00932-00298812-00299250 And other times, they read off the regulations to me. 3TitKkgmxUE-00933-00299250-00299408 I ask them for an interpretation 3TitKkgmxUE-00934-00299408-00299691 of what that means and they say they don't know 3TitKkgmxUE-00935-00299691-00300045 so it's a bit mixed, but there is other options. 3TitKkgmxUE-00936-00300045-00300541 Also, there are plenty of solicitors, law firms 3TitKkgmxUE-00937-00300541-00300729 that deal with this sort of thing. 3TitKkgmxUE-00938-00300729-00300962 So if you need more advice 3TitKkgmxUE-00939-00300962-00301204 and for the very specific, tiny details 3TitKkgmxUE-00940-00301204-00301608 I would definitely suggest paying professional for it. 3TitKkgmxUE-00941-00301712-00302041 And it's also just to say 3TitKkgmxUE-00942-00302041-00302529 all of this is going to date very, very quickly. 3TitKkgmxUE-00943-00302529-00302683 Again, it's statuatory instruments. 3TitKkgmxUE-00944-00302683-00302904 They can change it whenever they want. 3TitKkgmxUE-00945-00302904-00303195 The most recent change was only a couple of days ago 3TitKkgmxUE-00946-00303195-00303512 and the next change is coming in a couple of days. 3TitKkgmxUE-00947-00303512-00303866 So these regulations are changing quite fast. 3TitKkgmxUE-00948-00303866-00304100 If you're watching the recording of this video, 3TitKkgmxUE-00949-00304362-00304591 if this is more than a few months 3TitKkgmxUE-00950-00304591-00304929 since now, definitely definitely check the regulations. 3TitKkgmxUE-00951-00304929-00305295 They were changed, maybe two or three times 3TitKkgmxUE-00952-00305295-00305562 they usually change them about three or four times a year. 3TitKkgmxUE-00953-00305562-00305941 So it's really, really hard to keep up with everything. 3TitKkgmxUE-00954-00305941-00306258 Cause they're always tweaking them. 3TitKkgmxUE-00955-00306258-00306662 Maybe usually for the worst for potential immigrants 3TitKkgmxUE-00956-00306662-00307162 but the last big change has made it easier for some people. 3TitKkgmxUE-00957-00307162-00307358 Whereas for others, it's a bit mixed. 3TitKkgmxUE-00958-00307358-00307720 Maybe they'll make it better in the future. 3TitKkgmxUE-00959-00307720-00308150 But we'll just go to questions now. 3TitKkgmxUE-00960-00308387-00308595 - Well, thank you very much, Doug. 3TitKkgmxUE-00961-00308595-00308891 That was very, very informative. 3TitKkgmxUE-00962-00308891-00309133 Only, only very likely treasonous. 3TitKkgmxUE-00963-00309133-00309341 Good, good. You kept that carefully. 3TitKkgmxUE-00964-00309341-00309662 You, you still close to the, to the wired there now. 3TitKkgmxUE-00965-00309662-00309916 I think Doug is at the moment, switching everyone 3TitKkgmxUE-00966-00309916-00310341 over so that you'll be able to ask questions yourselves. 3TitKkgmxUE-00967-00310341-00310770 And I hope that people will have a range of questions. 3TitKkgmxUE-00968-00310870-00311100 There were lots of things in there that I wanted 3TitKkgmxUE-00969-00311100-00311316 to ask about, but I am reminded this point, 3TitKkgmxUE-00970-00311316-00311600 something I didn't say at the very beginning. 3TitKkgmxUE-00971-00311600-00311820 This webinar is being brought to you 3TitKkgmxUE-00972-00311820-00312058 thanks to a grant that FAME have received 3TitKkgmxUE-00973-00312058-00312383 from Historic England from the COVID emergency relief fund. 3TitKkgmxUE-00974-00312383-00312625 So we must thank Historic England 3TitKkgmxUE-00975-00312625-00313066 for supporting us in this, delivering this event. 3TitKkgmxUE-00976-00313200-00313441 Okay, as soon as everyone's live, I know 3TitKkgmxUE-00977-00313441-00313720 that Chris Doerr did ask a question in the Q and A, 3TitKkgmxUE-00978-00313720-00314125 but before we get there, I'm gonna take my bite 3TitKkgmxUE-00979-00314125-00314466 at the cherry to ask you one quick question. 3TitKkgmxUE-00980-00314466-00314816 The charity visa, that's very interesting. 3TitKkgmxUE-00981-00314816-00315183 Could someone come over on a charity visa 3TitKkgmxUE-00982-00315183-00315770 and volunteer at nonspecific archaeological trust, a charity 3TitKkgmxUE-00983-00315770-00315920 for 20 hours a week 3TitKkgmxUE-00984-00315920-00316208 and work for that same trust 3TitKkgmxUE-00985-00316208-00316425 in a paid position for 20 hours? 3TitKkgmxUE-00986-00316425-00316925 - You can't work for the same charity 3TitKkgmxUE-00987-00316933-00317045 but you can work for anyone else. 3TitKkgmxUE-00988-00317045-00317695 So say if there was a large non-descript charity 3TitKkgmxUE-00989-00317695-00318083 based in the Southwest of England 3TitKkgmxUE-00990-00318083-00318312 and they brought over a volunteer, they could then go work 3TitKkgmxUE-00991-00318312-00318725 for maybe a large archaeology charity based in London 3TitKkgmxUE-00992-00318862-00319087 - Yeah, so just imagining if one was 3TitKkgmxUE-00993-00319087-00319458 in say Oxford and one was in Salisbury, just for example. 3TitKkgmxUE-00994-00319458-00319629 Okay, thank you, Doug. 3TitKkgmxUE-00995-00319629-00319883 That that's, that's an important and interesting. 3TitKkgmxUE-00996-00319883-00320179 - Yeah, that that's the thing is I've gone 3TitKkgmxUE-00997-00320179-00320316 over the sort of higher level stuff 3TitKkgmxUE-00998-00320316-00320641 but there are all sorts of little tiny rules. 3TitKkgmxUE-00999-00320641-00320845 You have to basically go through the several hundred pages 3TitKkgmxUE-01000-00320845-00321300 of guidance and regulations and look just to make sure, 3TitKkgmxUE-01001-00321300-00321462 there will be little things 3TitKkgmxUE-01002-00321462-00321637 that'll catch you out like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-01003-00321637-00321991 I actually used to be that you could keep someone 3TitKkgmxUE-01004-00321991-00322266 on that visa almost indefinitely. 3TitKkgmxUE-01005-00322266-00322525 You could just keep renewing, but one 3TitKkgmxUE-01006-00322525-00322729 of the most recent changes unfortunately effected one 3TitKkgmxUE-01007-00322729-00323137 of the people we were sponsoring. 3TitKkgmxUE-01008-00323137-00323487 They basically got, they, they said you can no longer do it. 3TitKkgmxUE-01009-00323487-00323766 There's an aspect cooling off period between your tier five. 3TitKkgmxUE-01010-00323766-00323962 So you could, you could volunteer for a year 3TitKkgmxUE-01011-00323962-00324441 take a year off, come back and volunteer for a year. 3TitKkgmxUE-01012-00324441-00324666 So yeah, there's 3TitKkgmxUE-01013-00324666-00324808 and they're always changing those regulations. 3TitKkgmxUE-01014-00324808-00325120 You have to be very careful. 3TitKkgmxUE-01015-00325120-00325829 To Chris's question, what about less than 12 months... 3TitKkgmxUE-01016-00325829-00326062 - [Chris] Let me rephrase that. 3TitKkgmxUE-01017-00326062-00326229 Cause I asked that very near the beginning 3TitKkgmxUE-01018-00326229-00326458 and thank you for a super informative presentation. 3TitKkgmxUE-01019-00326458-00326620 I did get mixed up on the timeline 3TitKkgmxUE-01020-00326620-00327025 because you started talking about greater than 12 months. 3TitKkgmxUE-01021-00327025-00327262 And before you went into the tier one, tier two 3TitKkgmxUE-01022-00327262-00327645 and then my, my question was kind of couched in, you know 3TitKkgmxUE-01023-00327645-00327904 project hires for a shorter time 3TitKkgmxUE-01024-00327904-00328166 which then kind of near the end you touched on a little bit, 3TitKkgmxUE-01025-00328166-00328454 but it's still a little foggy to me 3TitKkgmxUE-01026-00328454-00328750 about 12 months, greater than less than. 3TitKkgmxUE-01027-00328750-00328866 So thank you. 3TitKkgmxUE-01028-00328866-00329100 - So again, this is a change, they used to have 3TitKkgmxUE-01029-00329100-00329350 like a temporary worker where you could basically come 3TitKkgmxUE-01030-00329350-00329750 over, companies can bring in someone else 3TitKkgmxUE-01031-00329750-00330320 for like six months, company transfer, stuff like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-01032-00330320-00330420 With all the changes, 3TitKkgmxUE-01033-00330420-00330754 you basically have to give someone a minimum 3TitKkgmxUE-01034-00330754-00331075 a visa for a minimum of a year, even, 3TitKkgmxUE-01035-00331075-00331420 so you, you have to give them the visa for a year, 3TitKkgmxUE-01036-00331420-00331733 even if there is a project only for six months 3TitKkgmxUE-01037-00331733-00332020 or three months or something like that. 3TitKkgmxUE-01038-00332020-00332254 So you, you have to pay the full health, 3TitKkgmxUE-01039-00332254-00332625 you have to pay a health surcharge for a year. 3TitKkgmxUE-01040-00332625-00332825 Basically you have to pay everything 3TitKkgmxUE-01041-00332825-00333191 like it is at least a minimum of a year. 3TitKkgmxUE-01042-00333191-00333495 Technically you could bring someone in for three months 3TitKkgmxUE-01043-00333495-00333995 and then hire them after you've paid for a visa for a year. 3TitKkgmxUE-01044-00333995-00334233 And then they leave. 3TitKkgmxUE-01045-00334233-00334425 They have to leave because they've lost a job 3TitKkgmxUE-01046-00334425-00334691 which means you lose the visa as well. 3TitKkgmxUE-01047-00334691-00334775 Like I mentioned, 3TitKkgmxUE-01048-00334775-00335275 it's somewhat close to modern indentured servitude. 3TitKkgmxUE-01049-00335287-00335500 You have to have a lot of trust. 3TitKkgmxUE-01050-00335500-00335625 Employees have to have a lot trust 3TitKkgmxUE-01051-00335625-00336058 with their employers and vice versa. 3TitKkgmxUE-01052-00336058-00336416 I think it's a bit rough, a bit tougher employers 3TitKkgmxUE-01053-00336416-00336816 where you might have say a 3TitKkgmxUE-01054-00336816-00337062 some sort of prohibition period, maybe six months 3TitKkgmxUE-01055-00337062-00337520 or a year where you try someone out, that's rough. 3TitKkgmxUE-01056-00337520-00337741 If they suddenly had to move an entire country 3TitKkgmxUE-01057-00337741-00338079 maybe brought them in their kids with them, 3TitKkgmxUE-01058-00338079-00338329 spent a small fortune. 3TitKkgmxUE-01059-00338416-00338758 A lot of times how it's worked currently, 3TitKkgmxUE-01060-00338758-00338925 is actually most people started working 3TitKkgmxUE-01061-00338925-00339233 for the few archaeology sponsors before 3TitKkgmxUE-01062-00339233-00339670 under say like a post PhD visa, another visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-01063-00339670-00339962 And then when that ran out, they've worked 3TitKkgmxUE-01064-00339962-00340179 for that organisation for a year or two 3TitKkgmxUE-01065-00340179-00340600 the organisation decided to become a tier two sponsor. 3TitKkgmxUE-01066-00340600-00341070 So that's how it's pretty much occurred up to this point. 3TitKkgmxUE-01067-00341070-00341320 And I actually suspect that's what's going 3TitKkgmxUE-01068-00341320-00341583 to happen going forward. 3TitKkgmxUE-01069-00341583-00341933 People will probably hire some people who are students, 3TitKkgmxUE-01070-00341933-00342129 work for a couple of years, get to know them 3TitKkgmxUE-01071-00342129-00342454 and then sponsor them for the last couple of years they need 3TitKkgmxUE-01072-00342454-00342745 before they can get indefinitely to remain. 3TitKkgmxUE-01073-00342745-00343012 - [Chris] So there there aren't really any good options 3TitKkgmxUE-01074-00343012-00343320 for short term project hires. 3TitKkgmxUE-01075-00343320-00344100 - No, there's almost, there's basically none at the moment. 3TitKkgmxUE-01076-00344100-00344379 They're trialling, they have a visa. 3TitKkgmxUE-01077-00344379-00344558 I mentioned it, farm workers. 3TitKkgmxUE-01078-00344558-00344920 They can come in for less than six months. 3TitKkgmxUE-01079-00344920-00345325 There's been talk about doing that from other jobs 3TitKkgmxUE-01080-00345325-00345716 but whether there's political will for that or not, 3TitKkgmxUE-01081-00345716-00346108 I don't know, that might expand in the future, 3TitKkgmxUE-01082-00346108-00346412 it might not, but at the moment there is no good option 3TitKkgmxUE-01083-00346412-00346979 for anyone doing less than a year project, basically. 3TitKkgmxUE-01084-00347279-00347379 - [Chris] Thank you. 3UCUoKJ0euy-00000-00000003-00000112 Yall ready? Yall ready? 3UCUoKJ0euy-00001-00000112-00000295 Welcome to the Upside Down Smilie show 3UCUoKJ0euy-00002-00000295-00000411 where we talk about real 3UCUoKJ0euy-00003-00000411-00000654 life but we don't take life too seriously 3UCUoKJ0euy-00004-00000654-00000953 my name is Shereene and we have my friend Alisha here 3UCUoKJ0euy-00005-00000953-00001472 Alisha, tell them what you're up to, about your life. Tell them about 3UCUoKJ0euy-00006-00001472-00001955 your work and how we know eachother 3UCUoKJ0euy-00007-00001955-00002236 So how we know each other is..how did I even 3UCUoKJ0euy-00008-00002236-00002457 meet you? 3UCUoKJ0euy-00009-00002457-00002812 Through DeeCee, through Instagram 3UCUoKJ0euy-00010-00002812-00003002 I love making friends through Instagram 3UCUoKJ0euy-00011-00003002-00003114 We're IG friends 3UCUoKJ0euy-00012-00003114-00003228 We became pretty close 3UCUoKJ0euy-00013-00003246-00003388 Shereene is amazing 3UCUoKJ0euy-00014-00003388-00003714 I had my first event back in January, The Level Up Mixer. 3UCUoKJ0euy-00015-00003714-00003815 She was 3UCUoKJ0euy-00016-00003815-00004179 phenomenal with connecting me with people and just helping me in that space 3UCUoKJ0euy-00017-00004179-00004605 it was new for me and then we just kind of connected here and there and yeah now 3UCUoKJ0euy-00018-00004605-00005123 we're here yeah and then Alisha did a couple of coaching sessions with me um 3UCUoKJ0euy-00019-00005123-00005598 and so I was actually texting her last week because I started working on a new 3UCUoKJ0euy-00020-00005598-00006180 project and I was like Alisha, remember were talking about how you were telling 3UCUoKJ0euy-00021-00006180-00006881 me that you don't have to be medicated and you don't need to like it's like you 3UCUoKJ0euy-00022-00006881-00007377 don't have to you don't need things in your body to be able to like do what 3UCUoKJ0euy-00023-00007377-00007617 you're supposed to be doing up on earth right 3UCUoKJ0euy-00024-00007617-00008058 so I was actually thinking about how I literally can't even recognize the 3UCUoKJ0euy-00025-00008058-00008654 person that you met I feel like I was like major funk mode like it's crazy how 3UCUoKJ0euy-00026-00008654-00009293 like quickly you can change with work like it doesn't just happen sometimes 3UCUoKJ0euy-00027-00009293-00009729 sometimes it can happen but I feel like you have to put a little bit of work 3UCUoKJ0euy-00028-00009729-00010113 into it for it to happen quicker and I think I would I was putting in work 3UCUoKJ0euy-00029-00010113-00010443 because I was just like I couldn't recognize myself I didn't know who I was 3UCUoKJ0euy-00030-00010443-00011050 so basically we chatted about I was having a lot of anxiety and like 3UCUoKJ0euy-00031-00011050-00011615 feelings about work me quitting my job you know just a lot of a lot of things 3UCUoKJ0euy-00032-00011615-00012132 going going through life and a lot of business yeah a lot of busyness and 3UCUoKJ0euy-00033-00012132-00012579 trying to like focus and trying to like figure out that clear path and then I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00034-00012579-00012911 telling her about how I felt like I needed to be kind of medicated to do my 3UCUoKJ0euy-00035-00012911-00013200 job and she was like no you don't and I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00036-00013200-00013782 didn't believe her I was like no maybe I do it maybe I have anxiety and I need to 3UCUoKJ0euy-00037-00013782-00014382 have something in my system to be good at my job and um she was like no and I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00038-00014382-00014751 knew that because I've been in a position like last year when I was doing 3UCUoKJ0euy-00039-00014751-00015108 because it a music festival I felt the sense of like natural high 3UCUoKJ0euy-00040-00015108-00015474 and that's what we want to talk about like feeling like you know what does 3UCUoKJ0euy-00041-00015474-00015954 that feel like like it's like this like elevated feeling of like like I don't 3UCUoKJ0euy-00042-00015954-00016452 know like your brains like just like your inflated transcendence yes and I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00043-00016452-00016911 don't know those words so tell them what does that mean yes you have transcended 3UCUoKJ0euy-00044-00016911-00017538 yeah the day to day shit yeah all the anxieties, all the fear we have stuff the 3UCUoKJ0euy-00045-00017538-00017970 mental chatter the clutter the noise transcending that and really tapping 3UCUoKJ0euy-00046-00017970-00018285 into what your big mission is for yourself 3UCUoKJ0euy-00047-00018285-00018837 yeah and so on I guess it explained what I do right but lifestyle coach does not 3UCUoKJ0euy-00048-00018837-00019467 really embody what I do is just like a really basic term so now I piggyback 3UCUoKJ0euy-00049-00019467-00020034 off of what my most recent client named me as and she called me her spiritual 3UCUoKJ0euy-00050-00020034-00020474 midwife yeah 3UCUoKJ0euy-00051-00020474-00021042 and basically she broke that down and she was like you helped me conceive my 3UCUoKJ0euy-00052-00021042-00021735 divine wisdom right my divine vision yeah and helped nurture it I'm you she 3UCUoKJ0euy-00053-00021735-00022115 already knew her divine vision we know it look like you're gonna guide me 3UCUoKJ0euy-00054-00022115-00022676 conceiving it yeah in a more detailed way and getting laser focused on it yeah 3UCUoKJ0euy-00055-00022676-00023112 I'm I'm nurturing that vision to where you can ultimately birth that vision 3UCUoKJ0euy-00056-00023112-00023787 into reality and so when you and I met I remember trying to get you to refocus on 3UCUoKJ0euy-00057-00023787-00024270 the bigger mission and vision mm-hmm and it's really clear out all the extra 3UCUoKJ0euy-00058-00024270-00024684 clutter and all like the unnecessary shit yeah that was in the way of you 3UCUoKJ0euy-00059-00024684-00025331 really aligning yourself right but and I think one you have to be ready for it 3UCUoKJ0euy-00060-00025331-00025898 totally right and then to it was like you know you were helping me and like 3UCUoKJ0euy-00061-00025898-00026416 guiding me but in the I'm like I had to I have to realize it right like you 3UCUoKJ0euy-00062-00026416-00026848 would I mean like and I said responsibility for the fact that you're 3UCUoKJ0euy-00063-00026848-00027551 not connected to that right and then they actually do that work to to make it 3UCUoKJ0euy-00064-00027551-00028070 happen right right yeah and like I remember feeling like well that was just 3UCUoKJ0euy-00065-00028070-00030152 I guess that was productive and I almost defeated like no like like I know what I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00066-00030152-00030652 need to do I know but it I felt like almost trapped and then and then it just 3UCUoKJ0euy-00067-00030652-00031270 took me some time like no I have control over this like it's okay to say no even 3UCUoKJ0euy-00068-00031270-00031708 if you're good at something even if you're capable of doing something if 3UCUoKJ0euy-00069-00031708-00032197 it's not right and that was really hard for me and then now it's hard for most 3UCUoKJ0euy-00070-00032197-00032539 of us yeah and then like now I have these opportunities right now I'm 3UCUoKJ0euy-00071-00032539-00032915 working on this project working with music I'm working with talent and I'm 3UCUoKJ0euy-00072-00032915-00033533 just like I have this natural high it's still crazy it's still like stressful 3UCUoKJ0euy-00073-00033533-00034160 it's still a lot of pressure but I feel like alive and I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00074-00034160-00034664 feel like this Shereene you were put in this place right now at this time to do 3UCUoKJ0euy-00075-00034664-00034964 this you're going to learn and you're gonna grow and you're gonna do even 3UCUoKJ0euy-00076-00034964-00035405 bigger things mmm and so do you think that that that 3UCUoKJ0euy-00077-00035405-00035972 feeling of life and transcendence comes directly from you being in direct 3UCUoKJ0euy-00078-00035972-00036515 alignment with what the divine has for you yeah yeah and there's like so much 3UCUoKJ0euy-00079-00036515-00036983 more right there's so much more for me I know but I'm like in this position right 3UCUoKJ0euy-00080-00036983-00037310 now to learn and grow and now that's gonna be like okay when you're ready 3UCUoKJ0euy-00081-00037310-00037652 you're gonna get even a bigger opportunity and like I also feel like 3UCUoKJ0euy-00082-00037652-00038175 this is like oh this is training for me to be like even better manager 3UCUoKJ0euy-00083-00038175-00038643 then and like make even like more amazing things because I know that's a 3UCUoKJ0euy-00084-00038643-00039024 huge part of my purpose it's like not even like I want my husband to be famous 3UCUoKJ0euy-00085-00039024-00039504 no it's not about that my husband is so talented and he needs 3UCUoKJ0euy-00086-00039504-00039987 to be exposed to the world and I truly truly truly believe that and then this 3UCUoKJ0euy-00087-00039987-00040259 is just gonna help me like make that happen 3UCUoKJ0euy-00088-00040259-00040845 yeah so what do you feel like is your like how do you connect this to your 3UCUoKJ0euy-00089-00040845-00041307 life like hide what do you make what makes you feel like naturally high 3UCUoKJ0euy-00090-00041307-00041551 I mean exactly what we are talking about. 3UCUoKJ0euy-00091-00041552-00041694 Learning how to say no. 3UCUoKJ0euy-00092-00041694-00041814 So once 3UCUoKJ0euy-00093-00041814-00042228 I got really clear mm-hmm on what my vision was for my life and what my main 3UCUoKJ0euy-00094-00042228-00042747 priority is yes a book called essentialism okay and I've read 3UCUoKJ0euy-00095-00042747-00043036 other books that you 3UCUoKJ0euy-00096-00043036-00043185 recommended to me. Ok, great! Gregory 3UCUoKJ0euy-00097-00043185-00043650 McCowen I think and he talks about how like the word priority back like in the 3UCUoKJ0euy-00098-00043650-00044250 olden days yeah was only like it came in singular form it turned to plural form 3UCUoKJ0euy-00099-00044250-00044466 once things started speeding up 3UCUoKJ0euy-00100-00044466-00044808 I was thinking about that the other day 3UCUoKJ0euy-00102-00045184-00045261 I was thinking I still talk to couples just 3UCUoKJ0euy-00103-00045261-00045585 to see if there's something that inspires me and and I asked them what is 3UCUoKJ0euy-00104-00045585-00045975 your priority but it feels like everything can't be a priority that's 3UCUoKJ0euy-00105-00045975-00046449 not the definition of priority exactly yeah you know it. You know it in your 3UCUoKJ0euy-00106-00046449-00046953 core that okay wait we should have one priority yeah and so the book really 3UCUoKJ0euy-00107-00046953-00047244 guides you on how to create your priority statement because obviously 3UCUoKJ0euy-00108-00047244-00047739 it's it's gonna be a big priority cover a few things yeah yeah yeah but when I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00109-00047739-00048330 got really clear on what my biggest priority was it was to live free within 3UCUoKJ0euy-00110-00048330-00048570 my authentic self.It had something to do with freedom 3UCUoKJ0euy-00111-00048570-00049200 yeah and family yeah and that's it and so any opportunity any conversation any 3UCUoKJ0euy-00112-00049200-00049671 relationship needs comes my way yeah that doesn't align with that yeah I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00113-00049671-00049961 don't have time and it makes it so much easier to say no yeah 3UCUoKJ0euy-00114-00049961-00050387 and so that's what helps me stay elevated because I'm connected to that 3UCUoKJ0euy-00115-00050387-00050716 priority which ultimately the priority comes from God 3UCUoKJ0euy-00116-00050716-00051097 yeah I'm the divine whatever you want to call them right it comes from like 3UCUoKJ0euy-00117-00051097-00051754 getting connected to that yeah you're on that helps me feel like okay yeah and 3UCUoKJ0euy-00118-00051754-00052180 it's like you're being honest with yourself yeah and then you have like I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00119-00052180-00052754 don't know you have your truth and if you are off if you're not aligned with 3UCUoKJ0euy-00120-00052754-00053129 that then you can just use it as an excuse like to not do shit you don't 3UCUoKJ0euy-00121-00053129-00053466 want to do exactly. It's not even an 3UCUoKJ0euy-00122-00053466-00053614 excuse but like that's a truthful honest 3UCUoKJ0euy-00123-00053614-00054145 response like this is not aligned with my priorities right and just be more 3UCUoKJ0euy-00124-00054145-00054757 honest with yourself you don't feel like I don't know as women as women of color 3UCUoKJ0euy-00125-00054757-00055244 we just kind of we just do what we think we're supposed to do yeah and then we 3UCUoKJ0euy-00126-00055244-00056000 feel like every sure yes like every opportunity is an opportunity that we 3UCUoKJ0euy-00127-00056000-00056444 need to seize and I'm learning that like yeah I'm appreciative of these 3UCUoKJ0euy-00128-00056444-00056839 opportunities I'm appreciative that people like trust me that believe in me 3UCUoKJ0euy-00129-00056839-00057367 that want to come to me for my services but not everyone is not every 3UCUoKJ0euy-00130-00057367-00057686 opportunity is a great fit totally cuz that's the end of the day if we say yes 3UCUoKJ0euy-00131-00057686-00057974 to something that we don't that's not aligned we're gonna hold 3UCUoKJ0euy-00132-00057974-00058424 resentment yeah causes irritation yeah and this is detrimental for everybody 3UCUoKJ0euy-00133-00058424-00058639 involved yeah it's a lose-lose right they're not 3UCUoKJ0euy-00134-00058639-00059332 going to be able to give them what they need or like yeah like it's not it's not 3UCUoKJ0euy-00135-00059332-00059782 going to every situation should be a win-win and like when you do things that 3UCUoKJ0euy-00136-00059782-00060532 are not aligned to like what matters to you then someone's gonna lose and like 3UCUoKJ0euy-00137-00060532-00060907 what's the point we have such like limited time on earth like what's the 3UCUoKJ0euy-00138-00060907-00061282 point and not doing things that are beneficial for everyone I feel like 3UCUoKJ0euy-00139-00061282-00061807 everyone deserves to have this feeling yeah and if you have no idea what this 3UCUoKJ0euy-00140-00061807-00062280 feeling feels like you don't need to do drugs 3UCUoKJ0euy-00141-00062280-00062413 You don't need to do drugs 3UCUoKJ0euy-00142-00062413-00062746 to feel this way and I hope that everyone can figure it out and I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00143-00062746-00063129 really feel like it's testing and trying different things if you don't know for 3UCUoKJ0euy-00144-00063129-00063451 sure like if you don't know what that passion is it's just it's like testing 3UCUoKJ0euy-00145-00063451-00063850 and trying new things like that's true and I think also getting quiet yeah just 3UCUoKJ0euy-00146-00063850-00064372 shut down the thoughts stop asking people for opinions yes stop you know 3UCUoKJ0euy-00147-00064372-00064861 stop outsourcing or going out in the external world you know to get 3UCUoKJ0euy-00148-00064861-00065427 validation at what you should be doing like to me if you're confused the key to 3UCUoKJ0euy-00149-00065427-00065950 that is quiet and stillness yeah until you hear that little voice cuz 3UCUoKJ0euy-00150-00065950-00066676 like our intuitive voice is like we can quiet it down yeah and it becomes muted 3UCUoKJ0euy-00151-00066676-00067036 after a while and so we have to like crank up the volume the only way that 3UCUoKJ0euy-00152-00067036-00067525 happens is in a quiet space yeah right I'm not around anybody cuz nobody knows 3UCUoKJ0euy-00153-00067525-00067942 nobody know what you should do for your life no only you know yeah and if you're 3UCUoKJ0euy-00154-00067942-00068283 looking for validation from others if you're looking for like the opinion of 3UCUoKJ0euy-00155-00068283-00068650 others if you're looking for someone to tell you like that's what I wanted I 3UCUoKJ0euy-00156-00068650-00069118 wanted someone to tell me what to focus on and like nobody was gonna tell me the 3UCUoKJ0euy-00157-00069118-00069616 right answer I had to figure out what I was what I was supposed to do on earth 3UCUoKJ0euy-00158-00069616-00070051 right and that can change too totally and now you're like she just explained 3UCUoKJ0euy-00159-00070051-00070450 to me what she's doing yes you literally manifested yeah a 3UCUoKJ0euy-00160-00070450-00070999 career opportunity that fits her DNA yeah like it's insane yeah because 3UCUoKJ0euy-00161-00070999-00071470 you've got quiet enough to be like okay what do I want to do what is my vision 3UCUoKJ0euy-00162-00071470-00071833 and then like that's the thing it's like we don't have to go seek it out either 3UCUoKJ0euy-00163-00071833-00072277 right I mean you did I mean I just have to do the work yeah opportunities will 3UCUoKJ0euy-00164-00072277-00072589 come to you because now you're receptive and you're open and the universe 3UCUoKJ0euy-00165-00072589-00073126 responds to that yeah and you have to do some work you do yeah but you do 3UCUoKJ0euy-00166-00073126-00073588 but maybe not as much cuz I feel like the hustle and the grind is a good thing 3UCUoKJ0euy-00167-00073588-00074068 now right like you do not have to be out here running yourself ragged right to 3UCUoKJ0euy-00168-00074068-00074577 figure out what you want to do or to like yeah find your passion or find your 3UCUoKJ0euy-00169-00074577-00074989 usually you got enjoy your life totally yeah and but 3UCUoKJ0euy-00170-00074989-00075477 then yeah obviously like the work needs to be done but yeah um it's a balance 3UCUoKJ0euy-00171-00075477-00075841 right and the work I really do believe the work becomes a lot more effortless 3UCUoKJ0euy-00172-00075841-00076308 mm-hmm it's the work up here in the spirit of name of consciousness mm-hmm 3UCUoKJ0euy-00173-00076308-00076677 that's where the bulk of the work happens yeah like getting clear here 3UCUoKJ0euy-00174-00076677-00077185 getting connected spiritually mm-hmm I'm telling you the universe rearranges 3UCUoKJ0euy-00175-00077185-00077590 itself in your favor when you can get that quiet yeah 3UCUoKJ0euy-00176-00077590-00078058 and that clear on where you're going yeah work becomes a lot less strenuous 3UCUoKJ0euy-00177-00078058-00078496 and feels less like work I don't even feel like I'm working 3UCUoKJ0euy-00178-00078496-00078904 I'm just like having fun hanging out with DJs like like something like making 3UCUoKJ0euy-00179-00078904-00079417 I mean I love like making things happen and like being like okay I'm gonna make 3UCUoKJ0euy-00180-00079417-00079738 this easier for you so you could spin and you could make this happen and so 3UCUoKJ0euy-00181-00079738-00080110 you can just like be talented and people can just enjoy your talent and like 3UCUoKJ0euy-00182-00080110-00080548 that's what makes me naturally high I love it thank you 3UCUoKJ0euy-00183-00080548-00080920 thank you so much and so have you thanks for having me yeah thank you all so much 3UCUoKJ0euy-00184-00080920-00081400 for watching. Let's get high together, yall. 3UCUoKJ0euy-00185-00081400-00081514 Naturally high. 3UCUoKJ0euy-00186-00081514-00081798 this is the standard like this is our 3UCUoKJ0euy-00187-00081798-00082243 natural state yeah right but we're so used to an 3UCUoKJ0euy-00188-00082243-00082732 altered state yeah heavy and we're burdened and dragging and you need 3UCUoKJ0euy-00189-00082732-00083152 something to release and but you don't need anything you don't need to drink 3UCUoKJ0euy-00190-00083152-00083614 you don't need to you don't need to do drugs like right just just do what you 3UCUoKJ0euy-00191-00083614-00084055 love every day yeah and then maybe you could do that stuff like once in a while 3UCUoKJ0euy-00192-00084055-00084454 but yeah right if you want to do it I mean we're not saying 3UCUoKJ0euy-00193-00084454-00084595 say no to drugs 3UCUoKJ0euy-00194-00084595-00085139 do it recreationally it's okay but you shouldn't need any I don't know it's tricky 3UCUoKJ0euy-00195-00085139-00085662 depending on it yeah and I understand like there's like mental health issues 3UCUoKJ0euy-00196-00085662-00086169 and some of the work I do honestly this type of work can reverse mental illness 3UCUoKJ0euy-00197-00086169-00086571 and that's a whole separate conversation yeah you can DM me if you want to talk 3UCUoKJ0euy-00198-00086571-00087054 about that yeah but this type of work getting aligned with your truest nature 3UCUoKJ0euy-00199-00087054-00087591 that divine wisdom that it's been proven I mean they've done research 3UCUoKJ0euy-00200-00087591-00088302 on it and it reverses mental illness symptoms and signs so even if 3UCUoKJ0euy-00201-00088302-00088614 you do have mental health issues it's not like oh my gosh what this doesn't 3UCUoKJ0euy-00202-00088614-00089076 apply to me it does yeah it really does like it gets better right don't be meds 3UCUoKJ0euy-00203-00089076-00089394 for it again another conversation yes for another day 3UCUoKJ0euy-00204-00089394-00089526 I believe that I truly 3UCUoKJ0euy-00205-00089526-00089874 believe that I just don't I always get nervous saying stuff like because I am 3UCUoKJ0euy-00206-00089874-00090360 I'm not a health care professional and but there I just 3UCUoKJ0euy-00207-00090360-00090669 think there's many options totally you know it's not always 3UCUoKJ0euy-00208-00090669-00091101 medicine like I think talking to someone like talking to a coach talking to a 3UCUoKJ0euy-00209-00091101-00091497 therapist you're not really helpful for for anyways thank you guys so much for 3UCUoKJ0euy-00210-00091497-00091856 watching. Bye! 3ULwrIbHwPo-00000-00000110-00000555 Okay, so I've given you a general characterization of relativism in science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00001-00000555-00000918 And I've put much emphasis on the methodological 3ULwrIbHwPo-00002-00000918-00001335 side to that relativism in the study of science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00003-00001335-00001773 I've explained to you why some scientists for example Popper, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00004-00001773-00002225 would opposed this view of science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00005-00002225-00002633 And I've also explained to you two relativistic directions that 3ULwrIbHwPo-00006-00002633-00002976 emerged within the philosophy of science itself. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00007-00002976-00003329 So I have told you think about the past. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00008-00003329-00003622 You know Kuhn wrote this book in the early 1960s. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00009-00003622-00003839 Many of Feyerabend's writings. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00010-00003839-00004302 were most influential writings of the 70s, 80s and 90s. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00011-00004302-00004703 Sociology of scientific knowledge keeps going to this day. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00012-00004812-00005127 But you might wonder where does the future lie? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00013-00005127-00005472 What are the new challenges for relativism? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00014-00005472-00005929 Does relativism have a future in the study of science? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00015-00005929-00006067 And what are its opponents? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00016-00006226-00006423 Well, let's start with the last question. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00017-00006423-00006772 What are the opponents of relativism? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00018-00006888-00007170 Well, if you look at the literature in philosophy. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00019-00007170-00007506 You might think that they are very many opponents. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00020-00007506-00008066 Sometimes the central opponent of relativism is described as realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00021-00008066-00008515 Sometimes the essential opponent of relativism is called rationalism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00022-00008631-00009015 And sometimes the general opponent of relativism is called absolutism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00023-00009137-00009524 I think we need to understand a little bit the meaning of those 3ULwrIbHwPo-00024-00009524-00009863 terms that relativism is opposed to allegedly - 3ULwrIbHwPo-00025-00009863-00010267 to also get a clearer handle on the debates around relativism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00026-00010477-00010667 Let's start with absolutism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00027-00010812-00011332 Absolutism seems the most, at least terminologically, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00028-00011332-00011588 the most important opponent of relativism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00029-00011588-00011811 Something is either relative or absolute. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00030-00011999-00012160 If it's absolute, it isn't relative. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00031-00012276-00012505 That seems to mark a very clear opposition. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00032-00012629-00013209 But there are many philosophers who don't want to be characterized as absolutists. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00033-00013209-00013488 Because to be characterized as an absolutist 3ULwrIbHwPo-00034-00013488-00013897 seems like as if you had somehow captured the absolute truth 3ULwrIbHwPo-00035-00013897-00014013 about something 3ULwrIbHwPo-00036-00014013-00014406 or as if you thought the absolute truth about something even could be captured. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00037-00014660-00015296 So relativists like to characterize their opponents as absolutists very often. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00038-00015296-00015941 And this of course is done with the rhetorical effect of putting the opponents 3ULwrIbHwPo-00039-00015941-00016330 in a position that they don't really want to take in the first place. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00040-00016470-00016790 So maybe a little artificial to oppose them in this way. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00041-00017093-00017588 People who oppose relativism don't tend to call themselves absolutist. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00042-00017588-00018236 But more tend to call themselves either a rationalists or realists. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00043-00018236-00018585 When they call themselves rationalists, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00044-00018585-00019175 they want to put the relativists on the side of something which is not rational. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00045-00019175-00019627 It then becomes you are either rationalist or you are relativist 3ULwrIbHwPo-00046-00019627-00020018 and since the opposite of rationalism is irrationalism 3ULwrIbHwPo-00047-00020018-00020318 by definition, if you're a relativist, you're also an irrationalist. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00048-00020433-00020710 That kind of fits with the way in which Popper thought. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00049-00020710-00020907 Popper thought he's a rationalist - 3ULwrIbHwPo-00050-00020907-00021172 he called himself a critical rationalist. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00051-00021172-00021359 And so the sociology of knowledge, in so 3ULwrIbHwPo-00052-00021359-00021958 far as it refused to do what Popper was doing, in Popper's eyes was irrational. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00053-00022085-00022432 Now obviously that's not a characterization that the relativists find 3ULwrIbHwPo-00054-00022432-00022563 very appealing 3ULwrIbHwPo-00055-00022563-00022793 so they reject that characterization. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00056-00022944-00023296 So again, we feel like, it seems like the two sides don't really meet. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00057-00023296-00023489 Each side uses for the other side 3ULwrIbHwPo-00058-00023489-00023719 a term that the other side doesn't really want to accept. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00059-00023828-00024142 We have the same problem with respect to realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00060-00024142-00024516 I mentioned when I started that there is this famous paper by Susan Haack. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00061-00024516-00024779 And I remember her name, I didn't remember that in the beginning. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00062-00024779-00025177 Susan Haack paper distinguishing theses 80 something meanings of realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00063-00025294-00025643 So we now oppose realism to relativism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00064-00025643-00025892 The question becomes why what do we mean by realism? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00065-00026105-00026570 Even the realists in philosophy of science are not agreed what they agree on. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00066-00026720-00027002 Let's make a very simple characterization. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00067-00027002-00027399 Let's distinguish between two characterizations of realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00068-00027548-00028038 The one characterization let's call it basic realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00069-00028038-00028301 Let basic realism be the view that, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00070-00028301-00028727 there is a world, independent of us, there's a world 3ULwrIbHwPo-00071-00028727-00029277 outside my mind that has the structure it has independently of my mind. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00072-00029277-00029731 Even if I had never existed, indeed even if no human had ever existed, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00073-00029731-00030233 many essential features of the world would be what they are independently of us. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00074-00030233-00030348 Call that basic realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00075-00030576-00030854 Let's distinguish from that a second form of realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00076-00030854-00031045 Let's call that ambitious realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00077-00031195-00031538 Let ambitious realism be the view that there is a world 3ULwrIbHwPo-00078-00031538-00031783 independently of our thinking. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00079-00031783-00032026 And that world has a specific structure. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00080-00032137-00032624 And that scientific progress consists in getting ever closer to that structure. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00081-00032781-00033084 This field is also sometimes called scientific realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00082-00033084-00033298 Let's just call it ambitious realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00083-00033298-00033525 To have the contrast between basic and ambitious. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00084-00033639-00034035 Now, how does the relativist stand with respect to those characterizations? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00085-00034265-00034717 I have yet to encounter a relativist who is not a basic realist. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00086-00034845-00035205 Relativists don't say there is no mind-independent world. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00087-00035326-00035785 That would be a view that in philosophy sometimes is called idealism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00088-00035902-00036181 The world is just our projection of some sort. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00089-00036181-00036344 There is no mind-independent world. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00090-00036344-00036620 The world is just as we or God's mind projects it. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00091-00036743-00036956 Relativists in this day and age and 3ULwrIbHwPo-00092-00036956-00037416 in particular relativist with respect to science don't hold such kind of view. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00093-00037531-00037725 So in that sense they are realists. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00094-00037851-00038458 Most of them though are not realists in the second, in the ambitious realist, sense. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00095-00038568-00039021 Strictly speaking, you could be a relativist and 3ULwrIbHwPo-00096-00039021-00039211 even be a scientific realist. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00097-00039317-00039950 You could accept that in some way or form, reality has a structure independent of us 3ULwrIbHwPo-00098-00039950-00040205 and that in some sense, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00099-00040205-00040744 we get a better handle on some aspects of that structure while still 3ULwrIbHwPo-00100-00040744-00041251 accepting the kind of studies that the sociology of scientific knowledge does. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00101-00041251-00041919 Kuhn for example, to take another case, does think that there is progress in science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00102-00041919-00042200 He just doesn't speak of it as us coming 3ULwrIbHwPo-00103-00042200-00042610 ever closer to the ultimate structure of reality. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00104-00042610-00042908 He rather prefers to turn it around and say, well, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00105-00042908-00043373 there is some progress in that we eradicate more and more of our mistakes. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00106-00043373-00043793 But of course, if we eradicate more and more of our mistakes about nature, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00107-00043793-00044149 there is some sense in which we make more contact with nature. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00108-00044349-00044946 So realism, if we want to contrast it with relativism, is a complicated issue. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00109-00044946-00045258 We need to be very clear on what we mean by realism 3ULwrIbHwPo-00110-00045376-00045737 in order to actually even achieve a contrast with relativism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00111-00045903-00046256 I'm not going here try to tell you now how should we really think about 3ULwrIbHwPo-00112-00046256-00046322 the contrast. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00113-00046322-00046888 I think what I most want to sensitise you for is that it's difficult 3ULwrIbHwPo-00114-00046888-00047503 with this 'ism' as with many other 'isms' in philosophy, to even state clearly and 3ULwrIbHwPo-00115-00047503-00048205 to work out for oneself just how it is to be distinguished from other positions. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00116-00048205-00048530 What are the other positions that it is in tension with? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00117-00048530-00048810 And what are the other positions it can be combined with? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00118-00048987-00049486 But the thing that I want you to take away from these comparisons 3ULwrIbHwPo-00119-00049486-00049965 is that relativism is not the same as irrationalism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00120-00050097-00050459 The relativists that we saw in the study of science 3ULwrIbHwPo-00121-00050459-00050839 does not say that the phrenologists were irrational. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00122-00050839-00051289 The relativist is trying to understand why was it rational for 3ULwrIbHwPo-00123-00051289-00051837 people of the bourgeoisie in Edinburgh to find phrenology so convincing. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00124-00052129-00052373 So it's not opposed to rationalism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00125-00052373-00052654 It's opposed to Popperian style rationalism, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00126-00052654-00053116 where it means we have clear rules of science that are true everywhere. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00127-00053116-00053508 But it's not irrational in the sense that scientific choices are completely 3ULwrIbHwPo-00128-00053508-00053603 arbitrary - 3ULwrIbHwPo-00129-00053603-00054059 anything goes, you know, you can go any way you like, it doesn't matter, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00130-00054059-00054239 relativism allows for everything. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00131-00054239-00054311 That is not the view. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00132-00054462-00054994 Nor is the view that relativism = irrealism or anti-realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00133-00054994-00055158 It doesn't need to be that way. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00134-00055158-00055504 It need not be opposed to basic realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00135-00055504-00056117 And it may not even be fully incompatible with stronger forms of realism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00136-00056117-00056430 That's very much an open debate here and now. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00137-00056693-00056878 Okay, so where do we go from here? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00138-00056878-00057349 What are the next important philosophical issues concerning relativism and 3ULwrIbHwPo-00139-00057349-00057547 the philosophy of science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00140-00057916-00058204 This of course will be very much a statement of 3ULwrIbHwPo-00141-00058204-00058762 my own view because philosophy is an area of disagreement and contestation. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00142-00058762-00059094 And so, just like as there are many relativists or 3ULwrIbHwPo-00143-00059094-00059540 realists almost as there are philosophers advocating those positions, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00144-00059540-00059939 there are also of course, many different views of where do we go from here? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00145-00059939-00060267 So let me just say, well, I think interesting challenges for 3ULwrIbHwPo-00146-00060267-00060328 the future lie. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00147-00060635-00061137 First of all, it's important to emphasize that philosophy of science has developed 3ULwrIbHwPo-00148-00061137-00061384 hugely from the days of Popper. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00149-00061384-00061828 I have used Popper here as an easy foil to set up 3ULwrIbHwPo-00150-00061828-00062383 the contrast between sociology of science and philosophy of science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00151-00062383-00062754 But of course today's philosophy of science is in many ways much more 3ULwrIbHwPo-00152-00062754-00063256 sophisticated than Popper's views were or even Kuhn's views were, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00153-00063256-00063395 and that in several ways. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00154-00063549-00063926 The first way in which philosophy of science has changed tremendously over 3ULwrIbHwPo-00155-00063926-00064546 the last 20, 30 years, is that it has learned a few lessons from its opponents. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00156-00064672-00064984 It has learned, for example, from the sociologists and 3ULwrIbHwPo-00157-00064984-00065382 the historians, that to do good philosophy of science, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00158-00065382-00065710 you have to engage with the details of scientific work. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00159-00065821-00066523 You cannot write the philosophy of science by at most looking at science textbooks. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00160-00066523-00066961 To understand the dynamic and theory choice in science, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00161-00066961-00067354 you have to do case studies, detailed observation. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00162-00067354-00067495 You have to look at the letters. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00163-00067495-00067674 You have to interview. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00164-00067674-00068122 You have to look at the emergence of a scientific theory in order to understand 3ULwrIbHwPo-00165-00068122-00068440 the dynamics of the development of science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00166-00068440-00068869 So philosophy of science has become considerably more empirical. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00167-00068977-00069151 That's the first thing. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00168-00069151-00069566 The second thing is that philosophy of science has become less insulated. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00169-00069707-00070122 It used to be the case that philosophers of science had relatively little 3ULwrIbHwPo-00170-00070122-00070487 interaction with other areas of philosophy. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00171-00070487-00071114 So for example, for decades, philosophy of science and epistemology, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00172-00071114-00071615 the study of knowledge, have surprisingly enough lived pretty separate lives. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00173-00071725-00072181 Philosophers of science have ignored what the epistemologists did. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00174-00072324-00072509 Bad, bad, bad. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00175-00072509-00072791 But epistemologists have just as much ignored 3ULwrIbHwPo-00176-00072791-00072949 what philosophers of science were doing. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00177-00073070-00073503 Now recall for example the statement of a very influential contemporary 3ULwrIbHwPo-00178-00073503-00074013 epistemologist Kvanvig, Johan Kvanvig. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00179-00074013-00074558 Who says in one of his books that when we say that there is scientific knowledge, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00180-00074558-00074849 we mean knowledge only by courtesy. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00181-00074849-00075354 Strictly speaking, by the epistemologists standards, science has no knowledge. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00182-00075658-00076155 That is a peculiar statement in the ears of most philosophers of science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00183-00076155-00076789 They would think that some of our best examples of what knowledge is, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00184-00076789-00076944 is from the sciences. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00185-00076944-00077579 So if an epistemologist says, to call scientific knowledge knowledge, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00186-00077579-00078004 it's only by vague analogy with real knowledge. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00187-00078004-00078407 Knowledge like he has a hands I know I am currently in Edinburgh, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00188-00078407-00078589 then this is a very peculiar statement 3ULwrIbHwPo-00189-00078589-00078850 and is an expression of the distance 3ULwrIbHwPo-00190-00078850-00079076 between epistemology and philosophy of science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00191-00079216-00079529 But it is my distinct impression that this 3ULwrIbHwPo-00192-00079529-00079936 gap between these two fields is becoming smaller. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00193-00079936-00080364 That there is more interest on both sides in the work of the other side. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00194-00080470-00080933 Specifically for the topic of relativism, I think this will be a good thing. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00195-00080933-00081409 Because within epistemology a number of approaches, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00196-00081409-00081821 new ideas have emerged on how to think about relativism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00197-00081821-00082031 How to best formulate it. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00198-00082031-00082530 How to formulate the arguments for and against it more rigorously, and so on. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00199-00082700-00083144 Epistemologists have also become more interested in comparing 3ULwrIbHwPo-00200-00083144-00083572 relativism with respect to knowledge with other forms of relativism. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00201-00083572-00083937 In particular, relativism in the domain of morality. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00202-00083937-00084422 Where perhaps the philosophical sophistication with respect to relativism 3ULwrIbHwPo-00203-00084422-00084543 has been the greatest. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00204-00084672-00085156 So new ways of thinking, new models on how to think about relativism 3ULwrIbHwPo-00205-00085156-00085617 begin to move from these fields into the philosophy of science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00206-00085885-00086078 That's one important development. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00207-00086078-00086703 Another important development is that philosophy of science has opened up more 3ULwrIbHwPo-00208-00086703-00087173 itself to politics and political questions. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00209-00087363-00087842 For example, thinking about science policy for 3ULwrIbHwPo-00210-00087842-00088571 a long time was not done by philosophers but was done primarily by sociologists. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00211-00088571-00089051 Sociologists like Brian Wynne or Political Scientists like Sheila Jasanoff or 3ULwrIbHwPo-00212-00089051-00089642 Katzenstein were the people who thought long and hard about science policy. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00213-00089642-00090065 What kind of decision procedures do we want for 3ULwrIbHwPo-00214-00090065-00090418 deciding what kind of science do we get. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00215-00090418-00090926 Incidentally, Feyerabend was extremely interested in those kinds of questions 3ULwrIbHwPo-00216-00090926-00091377 but they were largely ignored because he was voicing those concerns at a time 3ULwrIbHwPo-00217-00091377-00091862 when philosophers of science weren't quite ready yet for this kind of opening. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00218-00091974-00092309 But that is happening before our eyes today. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00219-00092309-00092788 Philosophy of science and political philosophy have moved considerably closer 3ULwrIbHwPo-00220-00092788-00093444 and it's no longer weird to have whole conferences or whole sections 3ULwrIbHwPo-00221-00093444-00093953 of international conferences devoted to the political philosophy of science. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00222-00094065-00094465 This has also meant that questions about relativism 3ULwrIbHwPo-00223-00094465-00094860 have received a new urgency and a new interest. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00224-00094860-00095292 Because now political questions, the differences between societies and 3ULwrIbHwPo-00225-00095292-00095753 how do we adjudicate between different value systems, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00226-00095753-00096283 or how do we treat them in a tolerant or may be even a relativistic fashion? 3ULwrIbHwPo-00227-00096283-00096661 A reflection on those kinds of issues has become more prevalent than it used to be. 3ULwrIbHwPo-00228-00096842-00097379 So the hope I have is that this exchange between philosophy of science and 3ULwrIbHwPo-00229-00097379-00097873 those other domains of philosophy will give us a better understanding 3ULwrIbHwPo-00230-00097873-00098384 of how to formulate maybe different forms of relativism - 3ULwrIbHwPo-00231-00098384-00099017 a variety of forms of relativism that might have a place in the study of science, 3ULwrIbHwPo-00232-00099125-00099610 and maybe also find new ways of adjudicating between them. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00000-00000700-00000956 Bonjour. The purpose of this video is ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00001-00000956-00001327 to explore how we can apply operations to make changes ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00002-00001327-00001608 to all values in an array. In the process, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00003-00001608-00001914 we'll distinguish between two categories: 3XdNr5c6xeA-00004-00001914-00002203 matrix operations and array operations. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00005-00002204-00002471 A "matrix" operation refers to a formal ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00006-00002471-00002812 mathematical step; you will study these in detail ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00007-00002812-00003072 in a linear algebra course. An "array" 3XdNr5c6xeA-00008-00003072-00003299 operation could also be called an ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00009-00003299-00003543 "element-by-element" operation; 3XdNr5c6xeA-00010-00003543-00003859 we will primarily be using these in this course 3XdNr5c6xeA-00011-00003860-00004093 When doing addition or subtraction, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00012-00004093-00004425 there is no distinction between the two categories. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00013-00004425-00004621 However, for multiplication, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00014-00004621-00004878 division, and exponentiation there is a ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00015-00004878-00005127 difference. When these operations are ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00016-00005127-00005353 written without a period (or a dot), 3XdNr5c6xeA-00017-00005353-00005662 then MATLAB performs the formal matrix version. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00018-00005662-00005949 When these operations are written with a dot, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00019-00005949-00006303 then MATLAB performs the element-by-element version. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00020-00006304-00006533 Let's look at examples of addition, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00021-00006533-00006763 first. There is no distinction here ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00022-00006763-00007008 between matrix and array operations, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00023-00007008-00007253 so both would give the results you see. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00024-00007253-00007551 And because of this, you will never need to put a ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00025-00007551-00007811 dot before a plus or a minus sign in MATLAB 3XdNr5c6xeA-00026-00007812-00008336 If adding a matrix to a matrix, the sizes must match and ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00027-00008336-00008848 each element is added to its corresponding element. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00028-00008848-00009291 In this example, the top-left corners show us ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00029-00009291-00009652 1+1=2. The bottom-left corners show ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00030-00009652-00010002 us 0+3=3. And the same process works ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00031-00010002-00010223 for the other indices. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00032-00010224-00010701 If adding a matrix to a scalar, the scalar is applied across ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00033-00010701-00010944 all indices in the matrix. So, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00034-00010944-00011226 here, we see that the output matrix ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00035-00011226-00011528 matches the size of the input matrix. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00036-00011528-00011937 And each element of the output matrix is 6 more than ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00037-00011937-00012336 the corresponding elements of the input matrix. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00038-00012336-00012803 Top-left to top-left, top-right to top-right, and so on. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00039-00012804-00013157 Let's now look at formal matrix multiplication to ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00040-00013157-00013452 illustrate the difference between it and ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00041-00013452-00013730 element-by-element multiplication. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00042-00013730-00014142 The mathematical definition of matrix multiplication is ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00043-00014142-00014403 shown here. The example at the bottom ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00044-00014403-00014749 shows what this means. Each element in the output ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00045-00014749-00015153 matrix C is computed as the dot product of specific rows in ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00046-00015153-00015279 A and columns of B. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00047-00015280-00015533 For example, the value in row 2, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00048-00015533-00015922 column 2 of C comes from the dot product of the two ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00049-00015922-00016234 highlighted vectors: 4*6 + 5*8 + 6*10. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00050-00016234-00016722 A similar process was used to fill in the other elements of C. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00051-00016722-00017199 Don't worry about the details of this process for now--the ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00052-00017199-00017686 key thing to notice is that formal matrix multiplication is ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00053-00017686-00018251 not the same thing as array (or element-by-element) multplication. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00054-00018252-00018672 Here we see an example of array multiplication. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00055-00018672-00019009 To work, the arrays (either vectors or ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00056-00019009-00019313 matrices) must be of the same size. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00057-00019313-00019629 Let's look at the top-left corners: 3XdNr5c6xeA-00058-00019629-00019913 1*1=1. And for the bottom-right ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00059-00019913-00020070 corners: 6*3=18. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00060-00020070-00020502 The same pattern holds for all the other indices. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00061-00020502-00020796 Also, the overall process is used ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00062-00020796-00021248 for array division or array exponentiation--just ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00063-00021248-00021679 remember to include the dot before the operator. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00064-00021680-00021858 In summary, when in doubt, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00065-00021858-00022117 use the dot. Matrix multiplication is ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00066-00022117-00022473 powerful for certain applications (such as solving ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00067-00022473-00022741 a system of equations), but most often, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00068-00022741-00022976 in this course, we will do array (or ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00069-00022976-00023219 element-by-element) operations. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00070-00023219-00023510 When you need to do matrix multiplication, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00071-00023510-00023624 you will know it. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00072-00023624-00023978 Remember that a dot never goes in front of a plus or a ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00073-00023978-00024104 minus sign. Also, 3XdNr5c6xeA-00074-00024104-00024442 there is no difference between matrix and array ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00075-00024442-00024813 operations if a scalar is involved--it won't hurt to ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00076-00024813-00025108 include the dot, but it won't help either. 3XdNr5c6xeA-00077-00025108-00025344 So, get in the habit of typing that ... 3XdNr5c6xeA-00078-00025344-00025647 dot before multiply, divide, or exponent. 3c2f7-5zyHM-00000-00000016-00000463 promote the videos promote the videos and promote the videos promote the videos and 3c2f7-5zyHM-00001-00000463-00001032 promote the videos promote videos promote videos post videos and promote the videos 3c2f7-5zyHM-00002-00001032-00001576 promote videos promote videos and promote videos promote videos and promote the videos 3cjSLzTgsjE-00000-00000026-00000608 All of these birds, all of these birds in my head 3cjSLzTgsjE-00001-00000608-00001603 Swarming around Pecking, keep me up and I can't come down 3cjSLzTgsjE-00002-00001603-00002128 All of these words building a house in my head 3cjSLzTgsjE-00003-00002128-00002689 Tearing it down, the wreckage is keeping me up 3cjSLzTgsjE-00004-00002689-00003481 And I can't come down The carnage of the cardinals they haunt me 3cjSLzTgsjE-00005-00003481-00003960 The buzzing of the hummingbirds ignite me The ravens got a carnival that's rocking 3cjSLzTgsjE-00006-00003960-00004598 Me wide awake like there's nothing at stake 'Cause I was born as perfect as the 3cjSLzTgsjE-00007-00004598-00005279 Skies are, head latched open to the skylark But now my brain's a prison for the flight 3cjSLzTgsjE-00008-00005279-00005567 Oh, get out of my head Get out of my head 3cjSLzTgsjE-00009-00005567-00006977 Get out of my head All of these birds, all of these birds in 3cjSLzTgsjE-00010-00006977-00007697 my head Swarming around, pecking to keep me up 3cjSLzTgsjE-00011-00007697-00008389 And I can't come down All of these words building a house in my 3cjSLzTgsjE-00012-00008389-00008931 head Tearing it down, the wreckage is keeping me 3cjSLzTgsjE-00013-00008931-00009286 up And I can't come down 3cjSLzTgsjE-00014-00009286-00010155 The murmur of the starling song is maddening The murder of the crows is coming at me 3cjSLzTgsjE-00015-00010155-00010351 The ticking of the clock is trying to mock me 3cjSLzTgsjE-00016-00010351-00010796 I'm wide awake like there's nothing at stake 'Cause I am still the architect of this case 3cjSLzTgsjE-00017-00010796-00011737 And I set all the raptors on a rampage Begging for a rapture for an escape 3cjSLzTgsjE-00019-00014740-00017585 Get out of my head I feel the madness wrapping me up here 3cjSLzTgsjE-00020-00017585-00017771 Sun in my eyes, it's a beautiful sun I feel the madness wrapping me up here 3cjSLzTgsjE-00021-00017771-00017871 Open the latch, let me into the light 'Cause all of these birds 3cjSLzTgsjE-00022-00017871-00018409 All of these birds in my head Swarming around, pecking they keep me up 3cjSLzTgsjE-00023-00018409-00019276 And I can't come down All of these words building a house in my 3cjSLzTgsjE-00024-00019276-00019798 head Tearing it down, the wreckage is keeping me 3cjSLzTgsjE-00025-00019798-00020976 up And I can't come down 3cOvNKyL8yy-00000-00058121-00059101 Hello .. مرحبا 3glGyNX3m1U-00000-00007328-00008008 hello my friends dennis gebhardt here with guru nation and um seems like it's time for us to 3glGyNX3m1U-00001-00008008-00008896 have another little conversation and so today i wanted to spend a few minutes with you as always 3glGyNX3m1U-00002-00008896-00009576 discussing some of the issues that we deal with in the world of hair color uh you know my phone 3glGyNX3m1U-00003-00009576-00010208 has been blowing up over the last couple of days with all these different claims that are out there 3glGyNX3m1U-00004-00010208-00010928 on social media and way too many for me to focus on in one session so in this session i just want 3glGyNX3m1U-00005-00010928-00011472 to take a few minutes and i want to talk about something that has been around for a long time 3glGyNX3m1U-00006-00011616-00012072 there's a lot of misunderstandings a lot of misconceptions about it so today i want 3glGyNX3m1U-00007-00012072-00012600 to share with you some information some factual information so you'll be able to put this in your 3glGyNX3m1U-00008-00012600-00013208 book of knowledge uh but also some things that may shake up your belief system just a little bit 3glGyNX3m1U-00009-00013280-00014080 so today i want to talk about organic hair color you know the word organic has been thrown about 3glGyNX3m1U-00010-00014080-00015136 over the last quite a few years and it has almost gone outside the area of its actual definition 3glGyNX3m1U-00011-00015136-00015840 of what it is and so today i want to talk about how it's used when we promote hair color brands 3glGyNX3m1U-00012-00015896-00016528 because there's many brands out there today that are claiming to be organic or they're claiming to 3glGyNX3m1U-00013-00016528-00017192 be certified organic ingredients and so i just want to talk a little bit about what actually 3glGyNX3m1U-00014-00017248-00017624 is in those products now before i start this of course i want you to understand that 3glGyNX3m1U-00015-00017704-00018368 as human beings our beliefs create our reality meaning that i'm not here to slam anybody's 3glGyNX3m1U-00016-00018368-00019000 brand or anybody's product i'm not here to tell you you know what you've been leaving is 3glGyNX3m1U-00017-00019056-00019704 is uh not accurate uh i'm just gonna present the facts for you and let you make an informed 3glGyNX3m1U-00018-00019704-00020344 decision does that sound fair if it does let's begin so first of all let's talk about what is 3glGyNX3m1U-00019-00020344-00021008 organic hair color you know that's a big word what does that really mean in the professional beauty 3glGyNX3m1U-00020-00021008-00021720 industry the term organic hair color simply refers to hair color that's made with organic botanicals 3glGyNX3m1U-00021-00021720-00022496 and less chemicals so it's not totally organic but it has some organic ingredients organic in 3glGyNX3m1U-00022-00022496-00023080 this sense is the same definition that we use for organic food there's the standards for that 3glGyNX3m1U-00023-00023136-00023712 organic foods are categorized as botanicals that are grown without the use of pesticides 3glGyNX3m1U-00024-00023792-00024296 when most people refer to organic hair color they're referring to professional organic hair 3glGyNX3m1U-00025-00024296-00024944 color brands formulated with the least amount of synthetic chemicals and a maximum amount of 3glGyNX3m1U-00026-00024944-00025632 organic botanicals so even though we call it organic and some of us are led to believe it's 3glGyNX3m1U-00027-00025632-00026456 a hundred percent natural it's not it still has to have some chemical basis or foundation 3glGyNX3m1U-00028-00026568-00027295 because very simply that's how the hair color process works um here's the thing keep in mind 3glGyNX3m1U-00029-00027408-00027952 is that at this time you know when you ask yourself does 100 organic hair color exist 3glGyNX3m1U-00030-00027952-00028560 the answer is no at this time professional organic hair colors must contain a certain percentage of 3glGyNX3m1U-00031-00028560-00029152 synthetic ingredients to work consistently and effectively that means there's certain chemicals 3glGyNX3m1U-00032-00029152-00029848 that have to be into into in a hair color because a hair color process is a chemical process but it 3glGyNX3m1U-00033-00029848-00030336 doesn't mean you can't find a color line that uses a maximum amount of organic ingredients and the 3glGyNX3m1U-00034-00030336-00031048 least amount of chemicals that's true there are many lines that have started introducing organic 3glGyNX3m1U-00035-00031127-00031832 ingredients into their product so that they could make those claims because you know society is 3glGyNX3m1U-00036-00031832-00032736 really you know looking for or trying to achieve a 100 percent natural hair color the only 100 3glGyNX3m1U-00037-00032736-00033320 natural hair color and this is something to keep in mind currently and has been for many many years 3glGyNX3m1U-00038-00033320-00033952 is a product called henna and here's the thing i think you're going to find interesting about henna 3glGyNX3m1U-00039-00034024-00034368 and i'm going to bring this up a little bit i'm going to shrink myself down here 3glGyNX3m1U-00040-00034472-00034864 because i can do that i'm going to shrink myself down 3glGyNX3m1U-00041-00035072-00035816 and put myself down here in the corner and then i'm going to bring the slide up to full and that 3glGyNX3m1U-00042-00035816-00036728 way and i think i'll move myself over here how's that okay so here's the thing to remember about 3glGyNX3m1U-00043-00036728-00037784 henna lasson lassen which uh that's the chemical name for it two hydroxy one for napatha quinone 3glGyNX3m1U-00044-00037784-00038592 whatever is also known as kenotonic acid it's a red orange dye present in leaves with had a 3glGyNX3m1U-00045-00038592-00039280 plant so henna true henna is orange uh there is no mahogany hennas there's no brown hennas 3glGyNX3m1U-00046-00039280-00039928 there's no black tennis in order for them to achieve that they introduce soluble metals into 3glGyNX3m1U-00047-00039984-00040800 the mixture um what's important is to think about the contents that it has which is lawson 3glGyNX3m1U-00048-00040872-00041440 now when we apply henna to the hair for many of us we assume henna is a coding product 3glGyNX3m1U-00049-00041504-00042080 and that's what we've always been told but here's really what happens the lawson 3glGyNX3m1U-00050-00042160-00042992 it will actually bind with the keratin in the hair and that is a reason that it's very difficult to 3glGyNX3m1U-00051-00042992-00043760 do what we call remove henna from the hair fiber and that's why many people have challenges with it 3glGyNX3m1U-00052-00043760-00044432 and then of course you add to that if it has a specific color that even makes it worse 3glGyNX3m1U-00053-00044488-00045232 so this is exactly how henna works in the hair and i think it's important to keep that in mind 3glGyNX3m1U-00054-00045296-00045880 when we're thinking about uh working with uh natural hair color because it is the only 3glGyNX3m1U-00055-00045880-00046672 natural hair color currently that exists that is 100 natural minus when they add chemical 3glGyNX3m1U-00056-00046672-00047312 solutions to it like soluble metals here's what's important to note using henna on the hair isn't 3glGyNX3m1U-00057-00047312-00047784 always suitable for a gate for great coverage because sometimes in order to give you a henna 3glGyNX3m1U-00058-00047848-00048424 shade that will give you coverage of gray they add in metallic salts once metallic salts are 3glGyNX3m1U-00059-00048424-00048944 embedded in the hair and you tried your chemical process over the top of them you can create a 3glGyNX3m1U-00060-00048944-00049672 chemical reaction so you have to keep that in mind when you're working over products like henna 3glGyNX3m1U-00061-00049920-00050656 so does organic hair color work i mean that's a great question isn't it uh and here's what the 3glGyNX3m1U-00062-00050656-00051160 answer is here's what the experts say no professional organic hair color uh 3glGyNX3m1U-00063-00051160-00051767 hair color brand is 100 natural any organic hair color product will contain certain amounts of 3glGyNX3m1U-00064-00051767-00052464 chemicals necessary to perform when searching for an organic hair color company what you need to ask 3glGyNX3m1U-00065-00052464-00053184 about is percentages so you need to check with the the people who know their product and ask them you 3glGyNX3m1U-00066-00053184-00053936 know what are the percentages of ppd's that are in this product how much uh ethanolamine or ammonium 3glGyNX3m1U-00067-00053936-00054624 hydroxide do you have in this uh are there how much how big a percentage of organic ingredients 3glGyNX3m1U-00068-00054624-00055279 do you have meaning botanicals only are there any natural ingredients in it and what percentage of 3glGyNX3m1U-00069-00055279-00055888 those are any naturally derived ingredients now once you've determined the percentages of these 3glGyNX3m1U-00070-00055888-00056672 components then you can make a better decision on which organic hair color is going to work for you 3glGyNX3m1U-00071-00056840-00057648 but here's a reality can we talk for just a minute okay first of all you have to have a sales 3glGyNX3m1U-00072-00057648-00058288 representative that knows how many the the amount or the percentage of ppd that's used in the hair 3glGyNX3m1U-00073-00058288-00058872 color brand they have to know how much ethanol amine whether it is ethanolamine or whether it's 3glGyNX3m1U-00074-00058872-00059704 ammonium hydroxide or whether it's peritolean they have to know all of this now do you really think 3glGyNX3m1U-00075-00059704-00060304 the sales rep number one even knows do you think that an educator even knows do you know how many 3glGyNX3m1U-00076-00060304-00060984 educators don't even know the ph the processing ph of their brand of color that they teach for 3glGyNX3m1U-00077-00061160-00061824 and do you think a manufacturer is going to tell you precisely the percentages the answer is 3glGyNX3m1U-00078-00061912-00062479 probably not and on top of that if you get someone who's honest with you and they tell 3glGyNX3m1U-00079-00062479-00063248 you the percentages how do you know you don't have the devices to verify that to validate 3glGyNX3m1U-00080-00063248-00064064 it so it's really word solid exactly what it is that doesn't make organic hair color bad 3glGyNX3m1U-00081-00064064-00064584 it just means you need to know what you're using those things are very very important 3glGyNX3m1U-00082-00064800-00065479 in fact because many of us think it's safer in fact not only is organic hair 3glGyNX3m1U-00083-00065479-00066232 dye not necessarily safer it's not because some natural ingredients are toxic okay 3glGyNX3m1U-00084-00066360-00066984 it's not necessarily safer than synthetic hair dye but organic hair dye simply doesn't exist 3glGyNX3m1U-00085-00067120-00067632 other than henna as we said before any commercially available hair dye 3glGyNX3m1U-00086-00067632-00068304 store-bought or for home use are found in salons uses chemical actives for them to work 3glGyNX3m1U-00087-00068416-00068960 the fact is there is not really an answer to whether organic hair color is better 3glGyNX3m1U-00088-00069024-00069624 it may have fewer harsh chemicals making it safer for prolonged use but it may result 3glGyNX3m1U-00089-00069624-00070416 in less vividness and longevity depending on the type you are using so there's a downside to using 3glGyNX3m1U-00090-00070584-00071584 brands that claim to be a hundred percent organic or 100 natural so can you see how in this industry 3glGyNX3m1U-00091-00071672-00072256 it's a marketing story lots of times like we're organic do we have organic ingredients yes so we 3glGyNX3m1U-00092-00072256-00072888 can say that we have organic ingredients in our hair color it doesn't mean the hair color is 100 3glGyNX3m1U-00093-00072888-00073528 natural it doesn't mean that your clients can you can use that color on your clients 3glGyNX3m1U-00094-00073528-00074096 and they won't have some sort of a reaction to the ingredients that are in the product 3glGyNX3m1U-00095-00074152-00074808 so we have to find a balance we have to find a balance and so you don't have to understand is 3glGyNX3m1U-00096-00074808-00075568 that it's a it's a marketing terminology that is used today that actually has nothing really to do 3glGyNX3m1U-00097-00075672-00076416 with hair color but we use it because we know that people are drawn to it in fact here's 3glGyNX3m1U-00098-00076416-00077056 what the experts say companies who sell organic hair dyes do use organic ingredients that's true 3glGyNX3m1U-00099-00077144-00077640 but those ingredients are just an extra what they call extra bells and whistles the industry called 3glGyNX3m1U-00100-00077640-00078104 these fairy dust ingredients because here's the reality it's going to blow your mind 3glGyNX3m1U-00101-00078288-00079144 they have no impact on the color outcome no impact at all so if you have quinoa it doesn't have any 3glGyNX3m1U-00102-00079144-00080064 impact on the color outcome you know if you have a marigold no impact on the color outcome if you 3glGyNX3m1U-00103-00080064-00080792 have radish root no impact on the outcome get it here what i'm saying okay there's they are used 3glGyNX3m1U-00104-00080792-00081432 to draw the buyer in and let them believe that the product is safer when these are all inactive 3glGyNX3m1U-00105-00081432-00081936 ingredients that's what they're considered they're considered um enhancements many of you 3glGyNX3m1U-00106-00081936-00082456 have been to my classes you've heard me say this before it's an enhancement it's something that 3glGyNX3m1U-00107-00082632-00083312 we are attracted to okay so they're actually inactive ingredients the product will perform 3glGyNX3m1U-00108-00083312-00083920 the same with or without those special natural ingredients and them they do not affect the 3glGyNX3m1U-00109-00083920-00084752 outcome of the color service now i know that this is very hard for some of you who are purists to 3glGyNX3m1U-00110-00084752-00085256 believe but i'm just telling you the facts and i'll let you make the informed decision 3glGyNX3m1U-00111-00085480-00085944 sorry natural hair color doesn't exist at least not in what we call the traditional 3glGyNX3m1U-00112-00085944-00086456 sense the only natural hair dye that exists is based on henna we talked about this already 3glGyNX3m1U-00113-00086520-00087088 that can be blended into natural shades of brown and reddish colors but there's a reason 3glGyNX3m1U-00114-00087088-00087656 why stylists often suggest avoiding henna even if it's one of the more natural options once 3glGyNX3m1U-00115-00087656-00088176 you've applied it it's in there keep in mind remember it binds with the keratin and the hair 3glGyNX3m1U-00116-00088240-00088744 keep in mind if you want to dye your hair later it may be difficult to go lighter in color 3glGyNX3m1U-00117-00088744-00089200 than those are very hard to lift out of your hair and it should also be noticed that 3glGyNX3m1U-00118-00089200-00089632 hair will not lift with bleach easily after using henna why 3glGyNX3m1U-00119-00089712-00090488 because lawson binds with the keratin so if you're going to lighten the hair that has henna 3glGyNX3m1U-00120-00090488-00091184 on it you're going to have to create some sort of breakdown of the keratin that's in the hair fiber 3glGyNX3m1U-00121-00091664-00092424 why isn't conventional hair color organic we always ask this why we've been doing 3glGyNX3m1U-00122-00092424-00093208 hair color for 100 years why is this why have we not moved on to that new technology 3glGyNX3m1U-00123-00093296-00093960 here's why it's one thing to understand that your hair dye is full of inorganic ingredients it's 3glGyNX3m1U-00124-00093960-00094608 another thing to understand why it matters and that it's not a bad thing conventional hair color 3glGyNX3m1U-00125-00094608-00095360 needs four ingredients to work let me repeat it needs four ingredients to work first one oxidative 3glGyNX3m1U-00126-00095360-00096104 dyes to color the hair you got to have oxidative dyes in order for them to develop in the structure 3glGyNX3m1U-00127-00096104-00096720 of the hair in a permanent hair color process nexa needs antioxidants which we've talked about this 3glGyNX3m1U-00128-00096720-00097488 before serve to keep the dyes from reacting before they're used so it keeps the dye is integrity 3glGyNX3m1U-00129-00097600-00098184 number three we have chaos have an alkalizer like ammonia or mea or amino methylpropanol 3glGyNX3m1U-00130-00098264-00098856 or any sort of an alkalizer because that creates the environment and allows peroxide to release 3glGyNX3m1U-00131-00098856-00099584 oxygen and carry in the dye intermediates and create a color molecule blah blah blah blah blah 3glGyNX3m1U-00132-00099728-00099960 and finally we have to have hydrogen peroxide 3glGyNX3m1U-00133-00100120-00100744 i'm sorry because the one thing that has not changed in a hundred years 3glGyNX3m1U-00134-00100856-00101904 is the hair it's still the same chemical structure carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen and sulfur okay 3glGyNX3m1U-00135-00101904-00102680 so it is still the same chemical structure has not changed and that's why we require these chemical 3glGyNX3m1U-00136-00102680-00103359 substances in order for us to break down the chemical bonds and the hair and change the color 3glGyNX3m1U-00137-00103359-00104024 of the hair the other ingredients that are used in a hair color product are simply used to make the 3glGyNX3m1U-00138-00104024-00104640 base they make it creamy they make it into a gel you know that that's everything they're used as 3glGyNX3m1U-00139-00104640-00105256 surfactants which help to carry the product into the hair uh but they don't actually color the hair 3glGyNX3m1U-00140-00105400-00105983 the four things that actually work in the color process are the ones that you see printed right 3glGyNX3m1U-00141-00105983-00106864 up here in red remember what organic actually means beyond its marketing appeal okay organic 3glGyNX3m1U-00142-00106864-00107535 is a term used to define a farming practice prior to cultivation of a plant the dyes are synthesized 3glGyNX3m1U-00143-00107592-00108264 from petroleum petrochemical origin so they the term organic wouldn't even apply 3glGyNX3m1U-00144-00108335-00108856 to anyone's thighs because they are petrochemical 3glGyNX3m1U-00145-00109024-00109920 so we use a word that has no relevance in our business that is a fact 3glGyNX3m1U-00146-00110280-00110752 this hair dye is still safe of course it is according to the federal food and 3glGyNX3m1U-00147-00110752-00111408 drug and cosmetic act color additives must be approved by the food and drug administration 3glGyNX3m1U-00148-00111408-00112096 before they are used on cosmetic and cosmetic products including the dye many more studies 3glGyNX3m1U-00149-00112096-00112776 have been done on hair colorants than botanical extracts so you know they're not they've not 3glGyNX3m1U-00150-00112776-00113335 done that many studies on botanicals which we all seem to put our faith in but they've done 3glGyNX3m1U-00151-00113408-00114224 thousands of studies on hair colorants make sure you are routinely patch testing for allergies you 3glGyNX3m1U-00152-00114224-00115135 can you can rest assured knowing you are safe the two most common hair dye ingredients that purists 3glGyNX3m1U-00153-00115135-00115880 that's the people who are into organics try to avoid are ammonia and paraphenaline diamine or ppd 3glGyNX3m1U-00154-00115983-00116648 which is often found in most dark brown or black shades and has shown a correlation 3glGyNX3m1U-00155-00116704-00117176 to rare allergic reactions i want to talk about correlation 3glGyNX3m1U-00156-00117232-00118104 versus causation correlation means there's some sort of a thread that connects the ingredient to a 3glGyNX3m1U-00157-00118168-00118744 an allergic reaction causation means that the ingredient is directly 3glGyNX3m1U-00158-00118832-00119576 implicated in an allergic reaction so you have to be really careful because there are many 3glGyNX3m1U-00159-00119576-00120304 correlations consequences lots of correlations that will happen with different ingredients 3glGyNX3m1U-00160-00120304-00121104 but unless there's a direct causation that you cannot implicate that ingredient 100 of the time 3glGyNX3m1U-00161-00121104-00121640 and say how bad that it is and that's what we are in today with hair color we have what we 3glGyNX3m1U-00162-00121640-00122135 call ingredient poachers they are the ones who go through they pick out one ingredient and they're 3glGyNX3m1U-00163-00122135-00122800 going to tell the whole world how bad it is so it allows them to shine a light on their ingredient 3glGyNX3m1U-00164-00122800-00123383 and increase its legitimacy against the one that they're playing down 3glGyNX3m1U-00165-00123488-00124208 that's what marketing is that's what sales is the only way to know that you are allergic to ppd 3glGyNX3m1U-00166-00124208-00124888 or ppda is to have a reaction which is why a skin patch test 24 hours for application 3glGyNX3m1U-00167-00124888-00125559 is usually a great idea especially if you've been prone to contact dermatitis or other skin 3glGyNX3m1U-00168-00125559-00126183 conditions in the past how many of you actually do a patch test come on come on come on test out 3glGyNX3m1U-00169-00126304-00126928 i know i can see you i can hear your little voice right now going holy crap i don't do patch tests 3glGyNX3m1U-00170-00126928-00127408 before i do a color they come in they want a color i go sit down and i slap that color on their head 3glGyNX3m1U-00171-00127520-00128240 so who's responsible at that point you know here's the things we should do it's called it's called 3glGyNX3m1U-00172-00128240-00128888 best practices but the things that we should do are not always the things that we do do and 3glGyNX3m1U-00173-00128888-00129488 that is why many times we run into problems hair dye can be made as clean as possible 3glGyNX3m1U-00174-00129592-00130383 but there has to be certain ingredients that we cannot avoid 3glGyNX3m1U-00175-00130456-00130816 so how you doing i'm going to put this guy back up on my shoulder 3glGyNX3m1U-00176-00130896-00131520 and i'm going to grow myself and i'm going to come over here all right how you guys doing 3glGyNX3m1U-00177-00131696-00132608 this is important stuff and it's real it's not somebody's opinion it's not somebody's assumption 3glGyNX3m1U-00178-00132696-00133288 it's not somebody's you know story that they came up with this is this is exactly what 3glGyNX3m1U-00179-00133288-00133984 happens this is this is when we use when we use terminology in our business to sell a product 3glGyNX3m1U-00180-00134200-00135040 and it has no relevance to that product we create what we call the love story none of us want to 3glGyNX3m1U-00181-00135040-00135640 think we're using products that are harmful and we're not as long as you're using them properly 3glGyNX3m1U-00182-00135784-00136296 and can we get do we have better ingredients than some of our hair color brands today we 3glGyNX3m1U-00183-00136296-00137272 certainly do but please understand that the word organic is taken out of context and used 3glGyNX3m1U-00184-00137272-00138056 to promote a chemical product as opposed to its original definition it's like the word toxic 3glGyNX3m1U-00185-00138168-00139200 you know is it a toxic product well toxicity if you google it really has nothing to do with the 3glGyNX3m1U-00186-00139200-00140120 chemical service i mean we say that we detoxify the hair and toxins don't build up in the hair 3glGyNX3m1U-00187-00140120-00140904 a toxin doesn't build up in there toxins build up in your body and so you can detoxify your body 3glGyNX3m1U-00188-00141016-00141920 but the hair is a dead fibrous appendage of the human body so hopefully you're doing okay 3glGyNX3m1U-00189-00142064-00142480 hopefully it's all right with you hopefully you've picked up some nuggets 3glGyNX3m1U-00190-00142480-00143120 from my little conversation today if you want to know more if you want to take a deep dive 3glGyNX3m1U-00191-00143184-00143792 i invite you to come to hair color school our upcoming program summer school starts june 5th 3glGyNX3m1U-00192-00143872-00144624 it is up on our website and you can go on there get the details of all four sessions it's a 30 day 3glGyNX3m1U-00193-00144624-00145304 program we have three coaches who work with you you're on a messaging service with them 24 7. 3glGyNX3m1U-00194-00145304-00145736 if you want to take a deep dive into the world of hair color if you really want to 3glGyNX3m1U-00195-00145736-00146376 achieve mastery i encourage you to come and spend some time with us at hair color school 3glGyNX3m1U-00196-00146440-00147256 or come and play in our sandbox uh so you can go follow us on our website and 3glGyNX3m1U-00197-00147256-00147808 you can go on there and find out about hair color school summer session remember with a 3glGyNX3m1U-00198-00147872-00148416 smaller class we take a limited amount of people and that way we can view more of a one-on-one 3glGyNX3m1U-00199-00148544-00149320 relationship and of course everyone who's wanting to know about my body i just my book my body 3glGyNX3m1U-00200-00149320-00150256 my book i just talked to my publisher today the book as in um it's not in formatting it's in page 3glGyNX3m1U-00201-00150328-00150952 something i forget what it's in but the pages are being formatted they're going to send me that 3glGyNX3m1U-00202-00150952-00151664 uh for my approval and then we're on to cover designs already done we're on to binding 3glGyNX3m1U-00203-00151664-00152336 and production so should not be long uh they have told me that we can start accepting advance orders 3glGyNX3m1U-00204-00152336-00152880 april first they will pop they will be on our website if you go to our website and look for this 3glGyNX3m1U-00205-00152880-00153520 picture uh you can make an advanced order um we're going to do signed copies off the website 3glGyNX3m1U-00206-00153520-00154352 so be sure you check that out starting april 1st also guru nation is going to be doing some online 3glGyNX3m1U-00207-00154352-00154992 on location programs this year so we're waiting to get those on the calendar and as soon as we do 3glGyNX3m1U-00208-00155056-00155952 uh we will let you know uh i'm doing a tour here in the west coast starting in june we're going 3glGyNX3m1U-00209-00155952-00156488 to be in orange county we're going to be in san diego we're going to be up in northern california 3glGyNX3m1U-00210-00156552-00157080 we're going to be in las vegas and we're going to be in arizona so it's sort of a west coast tour 3glGyNX3m1U-00211-00157168-00157704 i'll be sure to post those when they come up and i'll let you know i'd love 3glGyNX3m1U-00212-00157704-00158248 to see you at one of those events i'll be working with the infamous rebecca taylor 3glGyNX3m1U-00213-00158360-00159088 with one carlos for hair out of las vegas nevada and the amazing nick flyer hair designer 3glGyNX3m1U-00214-00159088-00159784 so i think it's really and oh i'm so sorry and also sally rogerson is doing a program with us 3glGyNX3m1U-00215-00159840-00160328 in on that tour so we have some really great people that will be uh sharing their 3glGyNX3m1U-00216-00160328-00160840 educational knowledge with you so be sure you show up for that and check it out it's going 3glGyNX3m1U-00217-00160840-00161384 to be fun we're doing that with the people at formula 18 so we're very excited about that 3glGyNX3m1U-00218-00161480-00161960 and finally if you are watching this on youtube thank you so much for doing that we invite you to 3glGyNX3m1U-00219-00161960-00162584 be sure to subscribe by just clicking down below if you click the bell down below this video uh 3glGyNX3m1U-00220-00162584-00163176 you'll get notified every time a new video drops and uh we love we thank you so much for following 3glGyNX3m1U-00221-00163176-00163768 us and for uh your comments we get wonderful comments wonderful responses to the programs that 3glGyNX3m1U-00222-00163768-00164384 we've been doing you can find us on facebook you can find guru nation which is a company page you 3glGyNX3m1U-00223-00164384-00165120 can also join guru hair tribe which is a private non-branded facebook forum uh just go on there 3glGyNX3m1U-00224-00165120-00165824 and apply and we can get you in there we have lots of people who belong to that forum who are 3glGyNX3m1U-00225-00165824-00166448 willing to help you improve your color knowledge and your confidence and hair coloring our website 3glGyNX3m1U-00226-00166448-00167360 is right here at www.guru nation.net some people do not clear their cookies or clean their caches 3glGyNX3m1U-00227-00167360-00167832 on their devices and when they try to log on they have a hard time going to our educational page 3glGyNX3m1U-00228-00167888-00168448 if you have that challenge if you write here in instagram if you're watching this on instagram 3glGyNX3m1U-00229-00168448-00169152 if you go to my bio and you see the link tree connection tap on that it will take you directly 3glGyNX3m1U-00230-00169152-00169952 to my educational page so i invite you to follow me on instagram it's at real captain color 3glGyNX3m1U-00231-00169952-00170632 my team members uh max masano uh you can follow max at max m here 3glGyNX3m1U-00232-00170632-00171456 is that fontani from chicago you can follow yvette at yvette underscore frontani and erica blantzette 3glGyNX3m1U-00233-00171456-00172168 who is an amazing talented hairdresser right here in socal area you can follow her at erica blandset 3glGyNX3m1U-00234-00172232-00172952 um so that's pretty much everything thank you so much for spending time with me today 3glGyNX3m1U-00235-00172952-00173560 i truly do appreciate it and as always i say from my heart to you 3glGyNX3m1U-00236-00173560-00175184 i'm captain color i'm out you guys have an amazing day and we'll see you soon bye bye now 3glGyNX3m1U-00237-00176664-00176714 you 3hspWtiZBq8-00000-00000432-00000936 So I've been in quality since around 1980 when I got out of graduate school. In '96 3hspWtiZBq8-00001-00000936-00001306 I started my own business that really focused in on business process 3hspWtiZBq8-00002-00001306-00001786 improvement, Lean Six Sigma specifically, ISO 9001 standards, so i've been doing 3hspWtiZBq8-00003-00001786-00002305 this as a consultant since '96, which is about 20 - something years. Lean Six Sigma is really a 3hspWtiZBq8-00004-00002305-00002725 business process and proven methodology. Its goal is to reduce waste in the 3hspWtiZBq8-00005-00002725-00003121 organization by improving the effectiveness of the processes that we 3hspWtiZBq8-00006-00003121-00003633 deal with and we can save a lot of money and we can save a lot of time. One of the 3hspWtiZBq8-00007-00003633-00003948 things that Lean Six Sigma does is it get your employees involved in the 3hspWtiZBq8-00008-00003948-00004251 process. They are the ones that are running it eight hours a day, five days a 3hspWtiZBq8-00009-00004251-00004555 week so they're the ones that know the process the best. Employee involvement 3hspWtiZBq8-00010-00004555-00004971 has been linked to a lot of motivational issues and so the more the employee is 3hspWtiZBq8-00011-00004971-00005326 involved in designing their work, the more motivated they are to make it work 3hspWtiZBq8-00012-00005326-00005785 better. This is a change management initiative and so 90% of the change 3hspWtiZBq8-00013-00005785-00006249 management initiatives will fail without management commitment. Not just support 3hspWtiZBq8-00014-00006249-00006625 but commitment. Management has to be involved in making this happen. It's a 3hspWtiZBq8-00015-00006625-00007131 change in how the company operates and so management commitment is probably the 3hspWtiZBq8-00016-00007131-00007695 first roadblock or obstacle people run into. We've seen, specifically in 3hspWtiZBq8-00017-00007695-00008131 organizations that we've dealt with here, reductions in cycle times. I was telling 3hspWtiZBq8-00018-00008131-00008607 class this morning that setup times were reduced from 90 minutes to 30 minutes 3hspWtiZBq8-00019-00008607-00009025 and that's a huge amount of savings that people can utilize and that was with one 3hspWtiZBq8-00020-00009025-00009335 of the organizations we were working with here. 3i8nQHKGdqE-00000-00000088-00000504 oh my gosh, my new links weren't doing very much. 3i8nQHKGdqE-00001-00000504-00001024 now, sometimes, it can happen and i was already leaving these links on the 3i8nQHKGdqE-00002-00001024-00002680 short field, anyway. the links are still there, it's so sad that not much really happened at all. 3jCRC03y3w0-00000-00001744-00002190 Just before we say goodbye 3jCRC03y3w0-00001-00002190-00003142 I see myself reflected in your eyes 3jCRC03y3w0-00002-00003142-00003396 And the words now even betray me 3jCRC03y3w0-00003-00003396-00003808 Everything compelling me to leave 3jCRC03y3w0-00004-00003808-00004092 there's nothing now that I can tell 3jCRC03y3w0-00005-00004092-00004582 you gave me love and shelter. 3jCRC03y3w0-00006-00004582-00005172 Just before I lose you 3jCRC03y3w0-00007-00005172-00005488 I want you to know I won't forget you. 3jCRC03y3w0-00008-00005488-00005906 I will love you even more. 3jCRC03y3w0-00009-00005906-00006552 So what you say? Will you take care of my... 3jCRC03y3w0-00010-00006722-00007626 Ireland 3jCRC03y3w0-00011-00007626-00008578 Oh Ireland 3jCRC03y3w0-00012-00009534-00010382 Ireland 3jCRC03y3w0-00013-00010382-00010572 You know this island 3jCRC03y3w0-00014-00010572-00010794 was meant to be for dreamers 3jCRC03y3w0-00015-00010794-00011196 where me and you were meant to be as one 3jCRC03y3w0-00016-00011196-00011306 just for once 3jCRC03y3w0-00017-00011320-00011482 here where the wanted peace 3jCRC03y3w0-00018-00011482-00011666 had no chance at all 3jCRC03y3w0-00019-00011666-00011888 and all this rain will never stop 3jCRC03y3w0-00020-00011888-00012120 to make her green 3jCRC03y3w0-00021-00012120-00012858 so beautiful 3jCRC03y3w0-00022-00012858-00013168 Ireland 3jCRC03y3w0-00023-00013168-00013284 oh 3jCRC03y3w0-00024-00013284-00013718 "Irlanda" 3mo3qGvFJzy-00000-00000518-00000996 So I understand the term critical thinking but I'm not entirely sure 3mo3qGvFJzy-00001-00001106-00001868 How can I improve upon my own critical thinking? Well to be a good critical thinker you need to identify facts, 3mo3qGvFJzy-00002-00001905-00002424 you need to understand your point of view and the assumptions we make based upon your point of view. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00003-00002498-00003114 So let's start off by talking about identifying facts. You need to understand the difference between facts and opinion. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00004-00003166-00003365 A fact is something that you can prove. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00005-00003418-00003915 Yeah, that's something that I often find myself running into whether 3mo3qGvFJzy-00006-00003940-00004388 I'm reading a you know a research article, or maybe a book or something 3mo3qGvFJzy-00007-00004388-00005232 I'm not entirely sure if the facts in it have necessarily been proven or maybe they're out of date or something like that. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00008-00005244-00005652 So let's start off with an easy example something like if I were to ask you 3mo3qGvFJzy-00009-00005719-00006048 Who is the first President of the United States and you didn't know the answer; 3mo3qGvFJzy-00010-00006060-00006467 you could look it up in a book or on the internet to try to find the answer. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00011-00006478-00006884 The thing is if you look on the internet you need to make sure that you look at multiple websites 3mo3qGvFJzy-00012-00006909-00007488 and make sure you get a consistent answer on those sites. If opinions are confused with facts, 3mo3qGvFJzy-00013-00007506-00007806 all reasoning based upon them may be inaccurate. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00014-00007826-00008262 So I understand thinking about facts in a critical thinking manner 3mo3qGvFJzy-00015-00008330-00008776 but I'm a little confused when it comes to you know, 3mo3qGvFJzy-00016-00008848-00009578 my own opinions and my point of view. How do I go about that - thinking in a critical thinking manner. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00017-00009604-00009926 If I were to ask you what is your point of view on the subject of abortion? 3mo3qGvFJzy-00018-00009960-00010554 I'm not looking for you to give me a positive view of abortion or a negative view of abortion. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00019-00010554-00011022 I'm looking for what - from your point of view - led you to make that answer. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00020-00011022-00011792 So for example, someone might say as a Christian man, I am not in favor of abortion, or as a liberal woman 3mo3qGvFJzy-00021-00011793-00011993 I am in favor of abortion. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00022-00012010-00012419 Christian man and liberal woman are the points of view in those examples. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00023-00012481-00013109 So point of view is not the stand that you are taking on a particular subject. It is the how and the why 3mo3qGvFJzy-00024-00013168-00013536 behind what led you to take that particular stance. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00025-00013576-00014154 So every person has a unique point of view that is determined by their race, sexual orientation, 3mo3qGvFJzy-00026-00014220-00014714 gender, social class, and life story. I feel like a lot of the time people may just 3mo3qGvFJzy-00027-00014796-00015544 - you know - based off of say like with age like Millennials my age; typically, 3mo3qGvFJzy-00028-00015568-00016094 we're thought to have a certain way of thinking about things when it might be different 3mo3qGvFJzy-00029-00016112-00016586 because of our different backgrounds or a bunch of other factors that all come into play. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00030-00016606-00017144 Absolutely, well something important to remember - your point of view is limited 3mo3qGvFJzy-00031-00017178-00017504 by these characteristics and so too is your view of the world. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00032-00017514-00018244 By recognizing these limitations in our thinking we cannot claim to know more than we know, and we can be more open-minded. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00033-00018295-00018831 Wouldn't assumptions and point of view be basically the same thing? How do those differ? 3mo3qGvFJzy-00034-00018906-00019385 Your assumptions are driven by your point of view. So let me give you an example: 3mo3qGvFJzy-00035-00019429-00019748 let's say you have an honor student in a class and 3mo3qGvFJzy-00036-00019816-00020296 she is receiving scholarship and she really enjoys school. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00037-00020318-00020608 Now she sees someone sleeping in class and she can't 3mo3qGvFJzy-00038-00020628-00021076 imagine ever sleeping during class because she realizes she is there on scholarship. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00039-00021102-00021640 So she assumes this sleeping student is a goof-off and doesn't even care about school. That's one assumption. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00040-00021694-00022316 But now let's say we have another student in this class who sees the sleeping student. This other student works at night 3mo3qGvFJzy-00041-00022392-00022984 to pay for college instead of assuming that this sleeping student is a goof-off this hard-working 3mo3qGvFJzy-00042-00023016-00023652 student assumes that the sleeping student is sleeping because he also works nights 3mo3qGvFJzy-00043-00023682-00024012 to pay for college and he's a really hard worker for just being in class that day. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00044-00024110-00024480 So you have two people - the honor student and the night shift shift worker 3mo3qGvFJzy-00045-00024502-00024816 who have very different assumptions about the sleeping student. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00046-00024892-00025358 Yeah, I mean I would I would kind of assume that - you know maybe he was just bored in the class 3mo3qGvFJzy-00047-00025372-00025554 or something like that. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00048-00025576-00026180 Well, and another example is myself. I am a teacher; that is part of my point of view. If I see a sleeping student 3mo3qGvFJzy-00049-00026180-00026560 I may assume that that student is a bad student. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00050-00026600-00027180 But my point of view can be wrong as well because let's say that student was up all 3mo3qGvFJzy-00051-00027192-00027688 night with a sick family member and they are such a dedicated student that they decided that they should still 3mo3qGvFJzy-00052-00027689-00028122 go to class even though they're exhausted. Assumptions can be wrong. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00053-00028203-00028796 So developing good critical thinking skills requires that you identify facts, understand your point of view, and 3mo3qGvFJzy-00054-00028849-00029025 recognize your assumptions. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00055-00029026-00029622 Good critical thinkers are not know-it-alls. They want to learn new information and expand their minds. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00056-00029695-00029856 But critical thinking takes practice. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00057-00029876-00030058 It's not something you learn overnight. 3mo3qGvFJzy-00058-00030058-00030412 The more you use critical thinking skills the better you'll get at it 3mo3qGvFJzy-00059-00030433-00030910 and the more you use it in everyday life, the better you will be at it. 3myd1PIGsHQ-00000-00000000-00000200 Click, Subscribe, Listen and Share 3mWQoRLsXDU-00000-00001584-00002232 10 best places to visit in singapore singapore top attractions singapore city is one of the 3mWQoRLsXDU-00001-00002232-00002720 cleanest city in the world and you can never hear anyone saying no to this city 3mWQoRLsXDU-00002-00002808-00003336 the beauty of this city acts as a magnet and attracts visitors from all around the globe 3mWQoRLsXDU-00003-00003424-00003992 the adventure activities and romantic places will make you want to visit singapore town over 3mWQoRLsXDU-00004-00003992-00004680 and over again make sure you don't miss out on any of the best places when you are visiting the city 3mWQoRLsXDU-00005-00004776-00005488 there is so much to explore and experience but worry not we have got you covered the city is home 3mWQoRLsXDU-00006-00005488-00006160 to the world's first safari park for nocturnal animals the largest rooftop infinity pool 3mWQoRLsXDU-00007-00006160-00006976 centuries-old temples and world-class cuisines the impressive architecture extraordinary gardens 3mWQoRLsXDU-00008-00006976-00007456 best shopping streets and a1 performance venues will make your jaw drop 3mWQoRLsXDU-00009-00007552-00008159 the city is a stark contrast of old and new the modern and the historic it has 3mWQoRLsXDU-00010-00008159-00008832 something for everyone visitors come flooding in for its food from hawkers to fine dining 3mWQoRLsXDU-00011-00008832-00009496 the extravagant shopping that is practically a religion to them and cocktail culture at atlas bar 3mWQoRLsXDU-00012-00009496-00010232 with the world's largest collection of gin fact have you ever wondered how singapore got its name 3mWQoRLsXDU-00013-00010296-00011008 singapore gets its name from the malay word singa meaning lion and pura meaning city 3mWQoRLsXDU-00014-00011104-00011832 hence singapore is called the lion city although lions have never lived there the legendary lion 3mWQoRLsXDU-00015-00011832-00012472 seen by the founder of ancient singapore prince sang mila utama was probably a malayan tiger 3mWQoRLsXDU-00016-00012576-00013152 best time to visit singapore singapore has fairly consistent weather that is welcoming enough for 3mWQoRLsXDU-00017-00013152-00013872 tourists all year round the best time to visit is from december to june february to april or 3mWQoRLsXDU-00018-00013872-00014591 singapore's dry season with the lowest humidity the least rain and the most sunshine if you wish 3mWQoRLsXDU-00019-00014591-00015176 to avoid tons of people flocking the places the ideal time would be from july to november 3mWQoRLsXDU-00020-00015272-00015952 and if you want to organize a budget-friendly trip you must visit the city between july and august 3mWQoRLsXDU-00021-00015952-00016736 and crack some of the best flight and hotel deals entry rules regular official and diplomatic u.s 3mWQoRLsXDU-00022-00016736-00017288 passport holders do not require a visa to enter for business or social visit purposes 3mWQoRLsXDU-00023-00017384-00018240 a negative cova 19 pcr test result taken within 48 hours before departure to singapore and another on 3mWQoRLsXDU-00024-00018240-00018968 a rival kova 19 pcr test are required for entry in singapore for travelers from most countries 3mWQoRLsXDU-00025-00018968-00019704 including the united states travel essentials travelers must equip themselves with an umbrella 3mWQoRLsXDU-00026-00019704-00020096 dark glasses and sunscreen for sunny humid conditions 3mWQoRLsXDU-00027-00020208-00020768 comfortable shorts for men and skimpy clothing for women is acceptable in public in singapore 3mWQoRLsXDU-00028-00020856-00021344 the evenings might get chilly so make sure you carry a light shawl or sweater 3mWQoRLsXDU-00029-00021344-00022024 to enjoy the weather to the fullest pro tip carry ample amounts of singapore dollars 3mWQoRLsXDU-00030-00022088-00022784 shopaholics would want to dive deep into this shopping paradise before heading towards singapore 3mWQoRLsXDU-00031-00022784-00023328 you can also consult some reliable online travel agencies for authentic information 3mWQoRLsXDU-00032-00023424-00024208 commuting in the city from the chaney airport one can use a taxi a limousine service mrt trains 3mWQoRLsXDU-00033-00024208-00024712 a bus service from any terminal or a six-seater shuttle cab to get into the city 3mWQoRLsXDU-00034-00024800-00025384 although the taxis here are expensive drivers make sure to return the exact change 3mWQoRLsXDU-00035-00025456-00026080 a fine place it is an inside joke among locals that singapore is a fine place since many things 3mWQoRLsXDU-00036-00026080-00026552 that are tolerated in other countries are considered an offense and attract a fine here 3mWQoRLsXDU-00037-00026648-00027360 spitting jaywalking littering carrying pirated goods not wearing a seat belt even if you are 3mWQoRLsXDU-00038-00027360-00028056 in a taxi eating drinking in non-food zones smoking in public areas or carrying flammable 3mWQoRLsXDU-00039-00028056-00028800 products have strict penalties fact if you are wondering which city is the capital of singapore 3mWQoRLsXDU-00040-00028800-00029432 we will make it easier for you singapore city is the capital of the republic of singapore 3mWQoRLsXDU-00041-00029495-00030136 best places to visit in singapore gardens by the bay little india and arab street singapore 3mWQoRLsXDU-00042-00030136-00030904 flyer universal studios botanic gardens chinatown singapore zuchani museum sca aquarium clark key 3mWQoRLsXDU-00043-00031039-00031520 gardens by the bay this place is a tourist hot spot for all the right reasons 3mWQoRLsXDU-00044-00031616-00032127 if you are a nature lover or a budding horticulturist you must add gardens by the 3mWQoRLsXDU-00045-00032127-00032872 bay to your list when in singapore city the oasis of lush greenery first opened in 2012 3mWQoRLsXDU-00046-00032872-00033664 comprising three distinct spaces bay east garden bay south garden bay central garden and bay east 3mWQoRLsXDU-00047-00033664-00034392 garden the flower dome is a must visit as you get to see plants and flowers from five continents 3mWQoRLsXDU-00048-00034392-00035024 such as thousand-year-old olive trees to orchids and magnolias be sure to explore 3mWQoRLsXDU-00049-00035024-00035856 the floral fantasy cloud forest and super tree grove while you are in the city 2. little india 3mWQoRLsXDU-00050-00035856-00036456 and arab street experience the vibes of india all the way to singapore with a visit to little india 3mWQoRLsXDU-00051-00036456-00037136 and arab street the aroma of food from all over takes you through the lanes of india in an instant 3mWQoRLsXDU-00052-00037232-00037744 you can find most of the cultures and traditions of the islam community in these streets 3mWQoRLsXDU-00053-00037848-00038560 tourists can get their hands on textile materials like indian fabric indonesian batik and silica 3mWQoRLsXDU-00054-00038560-00039312 prices of your liking as you can negotiate with the vendors three singapore flyer get a bird's eye 3mWQoRLsXDU-00055-00039312-00040160 view of singapore city from asia's largest giant wheel which surges 165 meters the best way to 3mWQoRLsXDU-00056-00040160-00040824 marvel at the city is from above and even better if you get to witness the sunset from that height 3mWQoRLsXDU-00057-00040824-00041304 the view in itself is surreal that people make sure to put the flyer on their list 3mWQoRLsXDU-00058-00041424-00041944 visit the place for a breathtaking view of the f1 track and the views of the skyline 3mWQoRLsXDU-00059-00042000-00042624 4. universal studios transport yourself to the thrilling destination in sentosa island 3mWQoRLsXDU-00060-00042728-00043400 universal studios is an ideal destination for family and friends if you want to spend a fun 3mWQoRLsXDU-00061-00043400-00044072 packed day in singapore then this is it the place is loaded with a galore of restaurants 3mWQoRLsXDU-00062-00044072-00044744 cafes and shopping areas to explore while you munch on delicious delicacies there is 3mWQoRLsXDU-00063-00044744-00045384 a paradise for hollywood buffs walk of fame where you can click stunning pictures with some famous 3mWQoRLsXDU-00064-00046200-00046880 five gardens if you want to feel rejuvenated while on your trip to singapore city 3mWQoRLsXDU-00065-00046880-00047560 botanic gardens should be your go-to destination you must witness the rare and endemic species of 3mWQoRLsXDU-00066-00047560-00048248 exotic flora that the gardens have to offer the star attraction of this place is the orchid which 3mWQoRLsXDU-00067-00048248-00048968 is singapore's national flower you can stroll next to a number of lakes packed with swans and ducks 3mWQoRLsXDU-00068-00049072-00049584 soak in the beauty of nature and get lost in the chirpings of birds and rustling leaves 3mWQoRLsXDU-00069-00049696-00050456 6. chinatown experience the authentic flavors of china in the busy bustling streets of chinatown 3mWQoRLsXDU-00070-00050552-00051056 your trip wouldn't be complete without a visit to the hustle market during your vacation in 3mWQoRLsXDU-00071-00051056-00051784 singapore city the place is famous for its authentic chinese food vibrant shops and bright 3mWQoRLsXDU-00072-00051784-00052560 red lanterns you cannot miss a visit to the most colorful chinese temple in chinatown theon hawk 3mWQoRLsXDU-00073-00052560-00053288 kang the oldest chinese temple in singapore seven singapore zoo marvel at the site of beautiful 3mWQoRLsXDU-00074-00053288-00053976 and endangered animals at the premises the place is ideal for a day packed with fun for the family 3mWQoRLsXDU-00075-00054072-00054784 you can gaze at over 300 species that include white tigers zebras koalas and giraffes 3mWQoRLsXDU-00076-00054879-00055272 the zoo has been divided based on different animal habitats 3mWQoRLsXDU-00077-00055328-00056079 if you want to see species such as raccoon dogs or polar bears go to the frozen tundra zone if 3mWQoRLsXDU-00078-00056079-00056584 flying foxes and insects and beetles intrigue you visit the fragile forest 3mWQoRLsXDU-00079-00056688-00057344 the zoo offers other attractions to make your visit worthwhile such as orangutan exhibit jungle 3mWQoRLsXDU-00080-00057344-00058184 breakfast and splash safari show 8. johnny museum transport yourself to one of the famous museums 3mWQoRLsXDU-00081-00058184-00058655 in singapore city that tells you the story of those who suffered during world war 3mWQoRLsXDU-00082-00058655-00059328 ii the letters drawings displayed and photographs narrate the story in this museum 3mWQoRLsXDU-00083-00059424-00060008 you can explore the five zones pray at their chapel and purchase a souvenir at the gift shop 3mWQoRLsXDU-00084-00060104-00060584 admire the series of beautiful murals painted by bombardier stanley warren 3mWQoRLsXDU-00085-00060640-00061216 tourists can take their experience up a notch by getting an audio guided tour around the museum 3mWQoRLsXDU-00086-00061320-00061920 9. sca aquarium sentosa island is home to the impressive sea aquarium 3mWQoRLsXDU-00087-00061920-00062312 which is an exciting travel destination for adults and kids alike 3mWQoRLsXDU-00088-00062400-00062904 you will not stop squealing with delight at the site of dolphins at the dolphin island and 3mWQoRLsXDU-00089-00062904-00063591 even engage in an interactive session the island offers other thrilling activities like diving into 3mWQoRLsXDU-00090-00063591-00064200 the shark seas habitat or swimming with the many marine species such as manta rays and stingrays 3mWQoRLsXDU-00091-00064272-00064832 10. clark key singapore city is a hub for thrilling activities for the nightcrawlers too 3mWQoRLsXDU-00092-00064928-00065455 if you want to explore singapore's nightlife then clark key is the perfect place 3mWQoRLsXDU-00093-00065568-00066256 rooftop bars loud pubs food joints and lively discotheques fill life into this place 3mWQoRLsXDU-00094-00066368-00066824 travelers and locals love this place and its thriving madness and enjoyment 3mWQoRLsXDU-00095-00066928-00067416 feel trippy as you glare at the neon lights while taking a stroll alongside 3mWQoRLsXDU-00096-00067416-00068136 the buzzing streets relish the delicious food and get lost in that wrapping up singapore city has 3mWQoRLsXDU-00097-00068136-00068744 so much to offer to kids and adults alike plan an adventure-packed vacation with your 3mWQoRLsXDU-00098-00068744-00069376 family or go on a trip with your friends the coming weekend book your flights to singapore 3mWQoRLsXDU-00099-00069376-00070184 because there is no better time than now and treat yourself to a much deserved vacation 3mWQoRLsXDU-00100-00073032-00073082 you 457Ih7GDjcc-00000-00000024-00000408 Movie Flicks Here. Today, I'm going to explain a drama, 457Ih7GDjcc-00001-00000408-00000896 horror, mystery film called "The Rental." Spoilers ahead! Watch out and take care. 457Ih7GDjcc-00002-00000976-00001623 In their office, Charlie and his business partner, Mina, browse images of a seaside house, 457Ih7GDjcc-00003-00001623-00002136 planning a weekend retreat to celebrate closing a deal. Charlie's brother and Mina's boyfriend, 457Ih7GDjcc-00004-00002136-00002640 Josh, walk in to pick up Mina. They share their plans for the weekend with Josh, who agrees. 457Ih7GDjcc-00005-00002728-00003064 At their house, Charlie discusses the trip with his wife, Michelle. 457Ih7GDjcc-00006-00003224-00003696 Michelle comments on Mina's good effect on Josh, who seemed to have given up on life before meeting 457Ih7GDjcc-00007-00003696-00004232 her. Charlie doesn't trust Josh, however, listing down his brother's misbehaviors in the past. 457Ih7GDjcc-00008-00004320-00004824 That weekend, Charlie picks up Mina and Josh, arguing that they shouldn't bring their dog, 457Ih7GDjcc-00009-00004824-00005320 Reggie, to the trip, but they insist. During the drive, they discuss why the renter denied 457Ih7GDjcc-00010-00005320-00005824 Mina's rental request but accepts Charlie's. Josh believes that the renter is a bigot, given that 457Ih7GDjcc-00011-00005824-00006288 Mina is of Middle-Eastern descent, but Charlie insists on giving the benefit of the doubt. 457Ih7GDjcc-00012-00006288-00006544 The group arrives at the house and meets the caretaker, 457Ih7GDjcc-00013-00006544-00007072 Taylor. Mina asks if he's the owner, but her tone offends Taylor. He corrects her 457Ih7GDjcc-00014-00007072-00007448 that it's his brother's house then asks Mina how she got involved in Charlie's family. 457Ih7GDjcc-00015-00007504-00007928 Mina is offended by the question and starts to think twice about giving her money to Taylor. 457Ih7GDjcc-00016-00008000-00008344 Taylor gives the group a tour of the house. The group is amazed by 457Ih7GDjcc-00017-00008344-00008760 both the house and the ocean view. When Taylor talks about the stars at night, 457Ih7GDjcc-00018-00008760-00009183 Michelle laments that she didn't bring her telescope. Taylor jokes that a telescope 457Ih7GDjcc-00019-00009184-00009528 in the city is meant for peeping, then offers to let them borrow his instead. 457Ih7GDjcc-00020-00009600-00010032 Before Taylor leaves, Mina confronts him about being denied when she tried to rent the house. 457Ih7GDjcc-00021-00010088-00010383 Taylor becomes defensive and refuses to answer her questions. 457Ih7GDjcc-00022-00010464-00010752 As Charlie and Michelle unpack the groceries in the kitchen, 457Ih7GDjcc-00023-00010752-00011008 Taylor peeks into the kitchen window before driving away. 457Ih7GDjcc-00024-00011088-00011280 While setting up her clothes in the bedroom, 457Ih7GDjcc-00025-00011280-00011567 Michelle notices dirt on the sheets that she sweeps off. 457Ih7GDjcc-00026-00011568-00012040 Josh plays with Reggie outside but tosses the ball too far. He goes under the house's 457Ih7GDjcc-00027-00012040-00012376 deck to retrieve a ball and notices a basement entrance with a keypad lock. 457Ih7GDjcc-00028-00012448-00012800 While walking by the beach, Michelle and Josh talk about their partners. 457Ih7GDjcc-00029-00012863-00013232 Josh admits that he's afraid of losing Mina since he can't keep up with her. 457Ih7GDjcc-00030-00013232-00013535 Michelle assures him that all he needs is to support Mina. 457Ih7GDjcc-00031-00013536-00013896 At dusk, the group returns home to find Taylor's telescope. 457Ih7GDjcc-00032-00013896-00014256 Mina worries that Taylor can come into the house as he pleases while they're staying there. 457Ih7GDjcc-00033-00014336-00014680 During dinner, Josh, Charlie, and Mina take molly, 457Ih7GDjcc-00034-00014680-00015176 but Michelle doesn't join, wanting to sleep early. After getting into a fight with Charlie, 457Ih7GDjcc-00035-00015176-00015591 Josh leaves. When Mina checks on him, he's already asleep on the couch. 457Ih7GDjcc-00036-00015591-00016128 Mina goes back outside, seeing Charlie open the hot tub. She and Charlie get in the hot tub, 457Ih7GDjcc-00037-00016128-00016512 toasting their outstanding partnership and careers. Intoxicated, 457Ih7GDjcc-00038-00016512-00016952 they kiss but are interrupted by Reggie's barking and whining. Feeling awkward, 457Ih7GDjcc-00039-00016952-00017416 Mina decides to go to bed. Unbeknownst to them, someone watches them from afar. 457Ih7GDjcc-00040-00017488-00018048 Mina takes a shower, thinking about the kiss. The bathroom door opens, and she sees Charlie walk in. 457Ih7GDjcc-00041-00018104-00018416 The two continue their passionate night in the shower. 457Ih7GDjcc-00042-00018416-00018776 On the following day, Josh and Michelle are excited about their hike, 457Ih7GDjcc-00043-00018776-00019160 but Mina and Charlie are too hungover to go with them. Once they're alone, 457Ih7GDjcc-00044-00019160-00019488 Mina and Charlie decide they can't repeat what happened the last night. 457Ih7GDjcc-00045-00019488-00019984 While on the hike, Michelle reveals to Josh that Charlie already had a girlfriend when she met him. 457Ih7GDjcc-00046-00019984-00020416 Josh isn't surprised, knowing that Charlie had cheated on previous girlfriends before. 457Ih7GDjcc-00047-00020472-00020792 This bothers Michelle. Meanwhile, in the woods, 457Ih7GDjcc-00048-00020792-00020935 a person is following the two. 457Ih7GDjcc-00049-00021016-00021448 Back at the house, Mina takes a shower and notices something on the showerhead. 457Ih7GDjcc-00050-00021448-00021920 Charlie confirms that it's a camera, and there's also one in the shower where they spent the night. 457Ih7GDjcc-00051-00021920-00022279 Charlie thinks twice about reporting it, knowing that the camera caught them cheating. 457Ih7GDjcc-00052-00022352-00022768 They discuss their options, but Michelle and Josh arrive before they can make a plan. 457Ih7GDjcc-00053-00022768-00023136 They decide to pretend that nothing happened. Charlie greets his wife, 457Ih7GDjcc-00054-00023136-00023568 but Michelle ignores him. He follows her to their bedroom, where Michelle asks him 457Ih7GDjcc-00055-00023568-00024032 about his past girlfriends, accusing him of having a cheating pattern. Charlie realizes 457Ih7GDjcc-00056-00024032-00024464 that Josh told her and defends that he doesn't remember the details of his past relationships. 457Ih7GDjcc-00057-00024536-00024848 Back in the living room, Charlie smacks Josh before taking a seat. 457Ih7GDjcc-00058-00024904-00025335 Michelle invites them to take molly again, but the others are tired from the previous night. 457Ih7GDjcc-00059-00025336-00025632 Michelle gets pissed and takes recreational pills by herself. 457Ih7GDjcc-00060-00025720-00026183 Later that day, Josh prepares food for his dog, but Mina forgot to take Reggie inside. 457Ih7GDjcc-00061-00026239-00026544 They head out and find Reggie is missing. Mina, 457Ih7GDjcc-00062-00026544-00026880 Charlie, and Josh try to find Reggie but give up when nighttime comes. 457Ih7GDjcc-00063-00026952-00027368 They arrive back at the house, where Michelle tells them she called Taylor to fix the broken 457Ih7GDjcc-00064-00027368-00027895 hot tub. Charlie and Mina are bothered by this. Josh wonders if Taylor took his dog, 457Ih7GDjcc-00065-00027895-00028032 planning to confront him about it. 457Ih7GDjcc-00066-00028095-00028288 A drunk Taylor finally arrives, 457Ih7GDjcc-00067-00028288-00028776 and Josh immediately starts asking him questions about his dog, but Taylor denies taking Reggie. 457Ih7GDjcc-00068-00028848-00029320 Out on the deck, Taylor successfully fixes the hot tub. He goes out of the house, 457Ih7GDjcc-00069-00029320-00029592 seeing Mina searching for Reggie. Taylor assures 457Ih7GDjcc-00070-00029592-00029927 her that he won't report to his brother that they brought a dog in the house. 457Ih7GDjcc-00071-00029927-00030255 Pissed, Mina takes him to the shower and shows him the camera, 457Ih7GDjcc-00072-00030256-00030712 threatening to call the cops. Taylor claims he doesn't know about it, but Mina doesn't believe 457Ih7GDjcc-00073-00030712-00031208 him. Thinking it's a scam, Taylor starts calling the police, and Mina tries to take his phone away. 457Ih7GDjcc-00074-00031264-00031576 Hearing the commotion from outside, Josh rushes in. 457Ih7GDjcc-00075-00031576-00032095 Seeing Mina in trouble, he tackles Taylor into the tub and beats him. Charlie and Michelle hear the 457Ih7GDjcc-00076-00032095-00032559 fight and run back inside. Charlie pulls his brother off of Taylor, who's now unconscious. 457Ih7GDjcc-00077-00032639-00032967 Outside, Mina finally confesses about the camera in the shower 457Ih7GDjcc-00078-00032968-00033192 but doesn't mention her night with Charlie. 457Ih7GDjcc-00079-00033192-00033640 She tells them how she confronted Taylor and panicked, which led to Josh beating the caretaker. 457Ih7GDjcc-00080-00033712-00034168 Somewhere in the dark, an unknown person watches their conversation through a cell phone. 457Ih7GDjcc-00081-00034168-00034536 With the group outside, the person goes into the house and suffocates Taylor. 457Ih7GDjcc-00082-00034608-00035024 The group argues on what to do. Josh and Michelle want to call the police, 457Ih7GDjcc-00083-00035024-00035496 despite Charlie's warnings that Josh might get in trouble. Michelle goes in to make the call, 457Ih7GDjcc-00084-00035496-00035832 but Charlie stops her, reporting that Taylor is no longer breathing. 457Ih7GDjcc-00085-00035912-00036336 Josh is terrified, thinking that he caused it. Michelle still feels that they should 457Ih7GDjcc-00086-00036336-00036784 go to the police, but Charlie and Mina want to protect Josh. Charlie plots to stage an 457Ih7GDjcc-00087-00036784-00037288 accident and destroy the footage from the hidden camera. Michelle is horrified and storms off, 457Ih7GDjcc-00088-00037288-00037415 not wanting to go with their plan. 457Ih7GDjcc-00089-00037504-00037936 Charlie, Mina, and Josh clean up the evidence and take Taylor's body away. 457Ih7GDjcc-00090-00037936-00038176 Before leaving, Charlie checks on Michelle, 457Ih7GDjcc-00091-00038176-00038520 who tells him that they'll be compromised as well by not reporting what happened. 457Ih7GDjcc-00092-00038592-00039056 The three throw Taylor's body down a cliff, but it lands on a rock instead of the water. 457Ih7GDjcc-00093-00039056-00039384 Not wanting to risk getting caught, Josh climbs down to push it into the sea. 457Ih7GDjcc-00094-00039440-00039815 He slips and falls on top of the body, allowing him to push it into the water. 457Ih7GDjcc-00095-00039888-00040384 Back at the house, Michelle is packing up but hears a shower turn on. She checks the bathrooms, 457Ih7GDjcc-00096-00040384-00040808 but all of the showers are turned off. She follows the sound and finds a television 457Ih7GDjcc-00097-00040808-00041152 that shows Mina and Charlie's activity in the shower from the previous night. 457Ih7GDjcc-00098-00041224-00041528 Mina, Charlie, and Josh walk back to the house, 457Ih7GDjcc-00099-00041528-00041952 not noticing a masked man walking behind them. They see Michelle driving off, 457Ih7GDjcc-00100-00041952-00042528 and Charlie chases her. She stops to tell him that she saw the footage. Charlie is exasperated, 457Ih7GDjcc-00101-00042528-00043032 apologizing to her. When he asks where he found the footage, Michelle gets pissed and drives away. 457Ih7GDjcc-00102-00043112-00043464 Josh is nervous, thinking that Michelle will go to the police. But Charlie 457Ih7GDjcc-00103-00043464-00043759 tells him that they should continue with the plan and find the footage. 457Ih7GDjcc-00104-00043760-00044208 While Michelle is driving, her tires burst, causing her to hit a tree. She checks the road 457Ih7GDjcc-00105-00044208-00044744 and sees the spike strip that flattened her tires. Afraid, she goes back in the car and begins typing 457Ih7GDjcc-00106-00044744-00045216 on her phone to ask Charlie for help. She doesn't notice the masked man running to the car window. 457Ih7GDjcc-00107-00045296-00045623 Charlie receives a message from Michelle, learning that she crashed the car. 457Ih7GDjcc-00108-00045680-00046136 He runs out of the house, telling the others that he'll help her. He finds their car on the road, 457Ih7GDjcc-00109-00046136-00046648 but it's abandoned, with a window smashed. Charlie calls Michelle's phone and hears it down the road. 457Ih7GDjcc-00110-00046704-00047080 He sees the phone's screen from afar and walks to it. But he stops, 457Ih7GDjcc-00111-00047080-00047536 stepping over Michelle's body. Distracted, the masked man rushes to him and hits him. 457Ih7GDjcc-00112-00047624-00048048 Josh and Mina try to open the door from under the house, thinking that the cameras' receiver 457Ih7GDjcc-00113-00048048-00048624 is there. Josh kicks the lock open and enters. There, they search through the cluttered boxes. 457Ih7GDjcc-00114-00048624-00048968 Josh finds some disturbing photos but refuses to show them to Mina. 457Ih7GDjcc-00115-00049040-00049303 Josh cries, regretting all the trouble he caused them. 457Ih7GDjcc-00116-00049360-00049680 Mina comforts him, assuring him that it wasn't his fault. 457Ih7GDjcc-00117-00049680-00050088 He asks to be left alone for a while, so Mina goes to continue searching elsewhere. 457Ih7GDjcc-00118-00050168-00050472 Josh sifts through the boxes again but stops when he hears the door. 457Ih7GDjcc-00119-00050528-00050920 He goes to check but stops when he receives an audio recording of Mina and Charlie. 457Ih7GDjcc-00120-00051000-00051367 Josh goes inside, letting Mina hear the recording that he received. 457Ih7GDjcc-00121-00051367-00051719 It's the conversation Mina and Charlie had about what happened the night before. 457Ih7GDjcc-00122-00051776-00052255 Josh presses Mina to explain but receives the video recording of Mina and Charlie in the shower. 457Ih7GDjcc-00123-00052328-00052719 They hear the front door open, and Josh rushes down, thinking that it's Charlie. 457Ih7GDjcc-00124-00052776-00053248 Multiple cameras around the house record an angry Josh looking for Charlie, but he isn't anywhere. 457Ih7GDjcc-00125-00053312-00053520 Josh opens a closet and gets hit on the head. 457Ih7GDjcc-00126-00053591-00054136 Mina peeks downstairs and sees Josh on the floor. From the closet, the masked man emerges. 457Ih7GDjcc-00127-00054136-00054608 The terrified Mina hurries up the stairs to escape. The masked man goes to chase her, 457Ih7GDjcc-00128-00054608-00055112 but Josh weakly grabs his leg. The masked man finishes off Josh before heading up the stairs. 457Ih7GDjcc-00129-00055191-00055704 Upstairs, the masked man sees Mina's shoe on the ground from the balcony. Thinking she jumped, 457Ih7GDjcc-00130-00055704-00056064 he climbs down the stairs, not knowing that Mina was still hiding in the room. 457Ih7GDjcc-00131-00056152-00056455 When he's gone, Mina comes out and heads down the stairs. 457Ih7GDjcc-00132-00056455-00056752 She tries to flee as quietly as she can but can't stop her cries. 457Ih7GDjcc-00133-00056808-00057191 She grabs a screwdriver from a bag before getting ambushed by the man outside. 457Ih7GDjcc-00134-00057272-00057712 Mina stabs him in the face with the screwdriver, causing her to fall down the stairs and injuring 457Ih7GDjcc-00135-00057712-00058176 her foot. The masked man removes the screwdriver from his face and heads down in pursuit. 457Ih7GDjcc-00136-00058248-00058744 Mina limps into the foggy woods, desperate to escape. But her injury slows her down; 457Ih7GDjcc-00137-00058744-00059304 the masked man closes in on her. Mina trips and quickly hides behind a tree. Behind her, 457Ih7GDjcc-00138-00059304-00059816 the masked man looks around, searching for her. Mina covers her mouth to silence her gasps. 457Ih7GDjcc-00139-00059896-00060255 Thinking that the man went in another direction, she sprints forward. 457Ih7GDjcc-00140-00060255-00060647 The man hears her running and gives chase. With the darkness and fog, 457Ih7GDjcc-00141-00060648-00061167 Mina can't see what's in front of her. With a gasp, she accidentally falls into a cliff. 457Ih7GDjcc-00142-00061167-00061447 The masked man catches up, looking down the cliff, but 457Ih7GDjcc-00143-00061448-00061976 Mina is nowhere in sight. With his deed done, the masked man goes back to the house and cleans up. 457Ih7GDjcc-00144-00061976-00062440 He loads the spike strip into Taylor's truck and returns the hammer to Taylor's toolbox. 457Ih7GDjcc-00145-00062440-00062791 He removes the hidden cameras throughout the house and the receiver from the attic. 457Ih7GDjcc-00146-00062872-00063304 The following morning, he takes off his mask and sees Reggie return safely. 457Ih7GDjcc-00147-00063304-00063616 Without his owners around, Reggie heads out on his own. 457Ih7GDjcc-00148-00063616-00063928 Soon after the events, the man rents a new property in the city. 457Ih7GDjcc-00149-00063984-00064312 There, he makes a copy of the key and installs hidden cameras inside. 457Ih7GDjcc-00150-00064384-00064752 Days go by, and new renters of the property are recorded in his camera, 457Ih7GDjcc-00151-00064752-00065279 oblivious to the danger. One night, the masked man walks in on a sleeping couple in the new property. 46s_hJyTqZE-00000-00000122-00001021 hello welcome to this brief tutorial on how to log into canvas let's get started 46s_hJyTqZE-00001-00001021-00002316 Open a webpage and go to the SLCC website www dot solacc dot edu 46s_hJyTqZE-00002-00002382-00003111 scroll to the middle of the page find and click the canvas icon 46s_hJyTqZE-00003-00003215-00003879 use your Lola username and password to access canvas 46s_hJyTqZE-00004-00004459-00005172 if you receive an error first ensure you have the correct password 46s_hJyTqZE-00005-00005448-00006139 then try changing browsers canvas works best with Google Chrome or Mozilla 46s_hJyTqZE-00006-00006139-00006995 Firefox if that doesn't work click the Lola user reset password link 46s_hJyTqZE-00007-00006995-00007806 on the screen a new tab will open choose an option for verifying your information 46s_hJyTqZE-00008-00007806-00008578 either send an email or verify your personal information 46s_hJyTqZE-00009-00008578-00009239 follow the on-screen prompts to reset your Lola password it can take up to 30 46s_hJyTqZE-00010-00009239-00009860 minutes for your password to be updated in canvas once you successfully log in 46s_hJyTqZE-00011-00009860-00010252 you will see your canvas dashboard 46s_hJyTqZE-00012-00010421-00010833 this concludes our tutorial on how to log in to canvas 46s_hJyTqZE-00013-00010833-00011102 thanks for watching 48sHuDrUcu0-00000-00000405-00000828 There seems to be a few parallels between the science of everyday thinking and science 48sHuDrUcu0-00001-00000828-00001401 of cooking. What we're trying to do in our course is get people to think more scientifically, 48sHuDrUcu0-00002-00001401-00002061 I suppose, about their everyday experience. What you're doing in Science and Cooking is, 48sHuDrUcu0-00003-00002061-00002700 obviously, trying to bring food and the scientific method to the way that people do things even 48sHuDrUcu0-00004-00002700-00003207 in their own kitchen. How does science apply to cooking specifically? 48sHuDrUcu0-00005-00003207-00003489 The point of our course—it sounds like it's very similar to the point of yours— which 48sHuDrUcu0-00006-00003489-00004070 is that we wanted confront things that they think about and do every day and realize that 48sHuDrUcu0-00007-00004070-00004730 there's science around them, you know, every place and, moreover, that the scientific ways 48sHuDrUcu0-00008-00004730-00005283 of thinking are embedded in what they're doing—just to sort of give a concrete context for learning 48sHuDrUcu0-00009-00005283-00005411 what science really is. 48sHuDrUcu0-00010-00005411-00005884 Just as an example, I mean, one of the simple questions that we ask our students is to consider 48sHuDrUcu0-00011-00005884-00006533 the recipes for cooking pasta. If you go and you take a box of pasta, then it tells you, 48sHuDrUcu0-00012-00006533-00007006 roughly, that you should boil water, and it tells you to boil a lot of water, so, roughly, 48sHuDrUcu0-00013-00007006-00007495 if I'm remembering it right, for half a kilogram of pasta, it tells you to put four liters 48sHuDrUcu0-00014-00007495-00007884 of water, maybe even six liters of water in the pot, bring it to boil, then you pour the 48sHuDrUcu0-00015-00007884-00008406 pasta in. Then there are all of these, I guess I would call them myths, that sort of go along 48sHuDrUcu0-00016-00008406-00008806 with that. There's the notion that you should put salt in the water to sort of affect the 48sHuDrUcu0-00017-00008806-00009211 boiling properties. You should put oil in the water, and that might—these are just 48sHuDrUcu0-00018-00009211-00009584 the myths. Then the recipe is really the goal with pasta making. 48sHuDrUcu0-00019-00009584-00010065 So, you know, part of science is learning to question everything, and one can certainly 48sHuDrUcu0-00020-00010065-00010635 question pasta-making and even question the recipe on the box. For example, you can ask 48sHuDrUcu0-00021-00010635-00011114 yourself: "Does it—if you were to use a small amount of water, could you still cook 48sHuDrUcu0-00022-00011114-00011471 the pasta? Is it really true that you need so much water?" 48sHuDrUcu0-00023-00011471-00011881 One of the things that we do in our class is we ask the students to both—you know, 48sHuDrUcu0-00024-00011881-00012279 as if they understand the scientific basis for what is actually happening in the water 48sHuDrUcu0-00025-00012279-00012642 when you put the pasta in, you can sort of think through that yourself, like, "Will it 48sHuDrUcu0-00026-00012642-00013106 make a difference?" Then of course you can always go and do the experiment. You can cook 48sHuDrUcu0-00027-00013106-00013518 pasta the way it says on the box, and you can cut the amount of water substantially 48sHuDrUcu0-00028-00013518-00013987 and cook the pasta again. You can then boil them both according to the recipe. You can 48sHuDrUcu0-00029-00013987-00014309 serve them to your family and discover if they can tell the difference. If they can't 48sHuDrUcu0-00030-00014309-00014620 tell the difference, then clearly there is no difference. 48sHuDrUcu0-00031-00014620-00015084 One of the points of science, at least for us, is that it allows you to generalize. It 48sHuDrUcu0-00032-00015084-00015581 allows you to take ideas that you know apply in one situation—for example, the molten 48sHuDrUcu0-00033-00015581-00016047 chocolate cake—and learn how they can be used, and what appears at first sight to be 48sHuDrUcu0-00034-00016047-00016660 an entirely different situation—the cooking of a steak—and really map the two on to each other. 48sHuDrUcu0-00035-00016665-00017267 Do you think people's tastes are kind of shaped by our experience? 48sHuDrUcu0-00036-00017267-00017825 I think it must be. I mean, I think that's one reason, for example why tasting a fruit 48sHuDrUcu0-00037-00017825-00018345 for the first time can be sometimes unpleasant, or you can have a certain experience with 48sHuDrUcu0-00038-00018345-00019017 it and then over time you kind of get used to it, or your experience of that food changes. 48sHuDrUcu0-00039-00019017-00019623 I think also as we experience foods as children, and then we grow up and suddenly we learn 48sHuDrUcu0-00040-00019623-00020240 to appreciate coffee. I'm sure that has something to do with that. Our taste buds are—our 48sHuDrUcu0-00041-00020240-00020934 experience of it is changing. I'm sure there is a cultural component as well. I wouldn't 48sHuDrUcu0-00042-00020934-00021492 be surprised if there are subtleties to this that—I mean, you know how you get your favorite 48sHuDrUcu0-00043-00021492-00022192 food that you can only get at home that your grandmother cooks for you, how that just tastes 48sHuDrUcu0-00044-00022323-00023023 so special to you, whereas for an outsider it's just meatballs or whatever it would be. 48sHuDrUcu0-00045-00023079-00023523 The scientific method is very useful for finding out whether there is something to a myth or 48sHuDrUcu0-00046-00023523-00024065 not. Do you have any examples of myths in cooking? 48sHuDrUcu0-00047-00024065-00024618 One great example, which is one of the labs for our Ethics Course, which is to make mac 48sHuDrUcu0-00048-00024618-00025223 and cheese, and according to cooks, there is four ways to thicken a sauce. Of course 48sHuDrUcu0-00049-00025223-00025798 the whole idea with thickening a sauce is really so that it clings to the food better 48sHuDrUcu0-00050-00025798-00026208 so that we can sort of scoop the sauce and it will stay in your mouth and give you that 48sHuDrUcu0-00051-00026208-00026744 sensory experience. So according to cooks, there are four ways. One of them is just to 48sHuDrUcu0-00052-00026744-00027256 reduce the sauce which is just boil off the water. One of them is to use starch, and starch 48sHuDrUcu0-00053-00027256-00027788 expands when you put it in water and when you heat it, and so this thickens the sauce. 48sHuDrUcu0-00054-00027788-00028410 Another way is just to add fat, and this creates an emulsion in which also thickens the sauce. 48sHuDrUcu0-00055-00028410-00029110 Then you can use various modernist thickeners such Xanthan gum or gelatin, things like that. 48sHuDrUcu0-00056-00029250-00029888 One of the things we were asking students to do is to look at a mac and cheese recipe 48sHuDrUcu0-00057-00029888-00030536 and to exclude each of these ingredients—exclude the cheese, exclude the flour—and see how 48sHuDrUcu0-00058-00030536-00031138 much the viscosity changes, and so you would get a very tangible way of seeing, "If I exclude 48sHuDrUcu0-00059-00031138-00031838 the flour or if I exclude this much flour, this is how the viscosity changes." There 48sHuDrUcu0-00060-00031883-00032377 are of course very fancy ways that you can measure viscosity, but there is also very 48sHuDrUcu0-00061-00032377-00033058 simple ways, and so we're asking students to take a tall glass, a transparent glass, 48sHuDrUcu0-00062-00033058-00033616 put macaroni in it, pour sauce on top, and basically measure how long it takes for the 48sHuDrUcu0-00063-00033616-00034216 sauce to meander its way through to the bottom which is viscosity, and its exactly getting 48sHuDrUcu0-00064-00034216-00035080 at that property that we want from the sauce—sticking to the macaroni and sort of giving us the whole dish. 48sHuDrUcu0-00065-00035081-00035694 I think as scientists we often work with this very fancy expensive equipment in our laboratories, 48sHuDrUcu0-00066-00035694-00036381 but a lot of those equipments are just, you know, fancy ways doing something that is actually 48sHuDrUcu0-00067-00036381-00036662 very simple, and a lot of it we can do on our own. 49Yrgha40-o-00000-00000010-00000213 AFTERNOON 5-0 IN GAME ONE AND 49Yrgha40-o-00001-00000213-00000220 AFTERNOON 5-0 IN GAME ONE AND 49Yrgha40-o-00002-00000220-00000336 AFTERNOON 5-0 IN GAME ONE AND 8-1 IN GAME TWO. 49Yrgha40-o-00003-00000336-00000343 AFTERNOON 5-0 IN GAME ONE AND 8-1 IN GAME TWO. 49Yrgha40-o-00004-00000343-00000443 AFTERNOON 5-0 IN GAME ONE AND 8-1 IN GAME TWO. >>> IF YOU'VE FOLLOWED THE 49Yrgha40-o-00005-00000443-00000450 8-1 IN GAME TWO. >>> IF YOU'VE FOLLOWED THE 49Yrgha40-o-00006-00000450-00000547 8-1 IN GAME TWO. >>> IF YOU'VE FOLLOWED THE BEMIDJI BOYS TENNIS TEAM, YOU 49Yrgha40-o-00007-00000547-00000553 >>> IF YOU'VE FOLLOWED THE BEMIDJI BOYS TENNIS TEAM, YOU 49Yrgha40-o-00008-00000553-00000653 >>> IF YOU'VE FOLLOWED THE BEMIDJI BOYS TENNIS TEAM, YOU KNOW THE TEAM HAS TRAVELED A 49Yrgha40-o-00009-00000653-00000660 BEMIDJI BOYS TENNIS TEAM, YOU KNOW THE TEAM HAS TRAVELED A 49Yrgha40-o-00010-00000660-00000707 BEMIDJI BOYS TENNIS TEAM, YOU KNOW THE TEAM HAS TRAVELED A LOT. 49Yrgha40-o-00011-00000707-00000714 KNOW THE TEAM HAS TRAVELED A LOT. 49Yrgha40-o-00012-00000714-00000864 KNOW THE TEAM HAS TRAVELED A LOT. LAST THURSDAY, THE JACKS STARTED 49Yrgha40-o-00013-00000864-00000870 LOT. LAST THURSDAY, THE JACKS STARTED 49Yrgha40-o-00014-00000870-00001024 LOT. LAST THURSDAY, THE JACKS STARTED IN MOORHEAD, THEN ENDED IN EAST 49Yrgha40-o-00015-00001024-00001031 LAST THURSDAY, THE JACKS STARTED IN MOORHEAD, THEN ENDED IN EAST 49Yrgha40-o-00016-00001031-00001134 LAST THURSDAY, THE JACKS STARTED IN MOORHEAD, THEN ENDED IN EAST GRAND FORKS, WHERE THEY PICKED 49Yrgha40-o-00017-00001134-00001141 IN MOORHEAD, THEN ENDED IN EAST GRAND FORKS, WHERE THEY PICKED 49Yrgha40-o-00018-00001141-00001294 IN MOORHEAD, THEN ENDED IN EAST GRAND FORKS, WHERE THEY PICKED UP A WIN. 49Yrgha40-o-00019-00001294-00001301 GRAND FORKS, WHERE THEY PICKED UP A WIN. 49Yrgha40-o-00020-00001301-00001394 GRAND FORKS, WHERE THEY PICKED UP A WIN. TODAY, THEY HIT THE ROAD AGAIN 49Yrgha40-o-00021-00001394-00001401 UP A WIN. TODAY, THEY HIT THE ROAD AGAIN 49Yrgha40-o-00022-00001401-00001474 UP A WIN. TODAY, THEY HIT THE ROAD AGAIN TO TAKE ON THE WARRIORS OF 49Yrgha40-o-00023-00001474-00001481 TODAY, THEY HIT THE ROAD AGAIN TO TAKE ON THE WARRIORS OF 49Yrgha40-o-00024-00001481-00001634 TODAY, THEY HIT THE ROAD AGAIN TO TAKE ON THE WARRIORS OF BRAINERD. 49Yrgha40-o-00025-00001634-00001641 TO TAKE ON THE WARRIORS OF BRAINERD. 49Yrgha40-o-00026-00001641-00001791 TO TAKE ON THE WARRIORS OF BRAINERD. TO BRAINERD WE GO FOR THIS 49Yrgha40-o-00027-00001791-00001798 BRAINERD. TO BRAINERD WE GO FOR THIS 49Yrgha40-o-00028-00001798-00001861 BRAINERD. TO BRAINERD WE GO FOR THIS MATCH-UP BETWEEN THE WARRIORS 49Yrgha40-o-00029-00001861-00001868 TO BRAINERD WE GO FOR THIS MATCH-UP BETWEEN THE WARRIORS 49Yrgha40-o-00030-00001868-00001945 TO BRAINERD WE GO FOR THIS MATCH-UP BETWEEN THE WARRIORS AND THE JACKS. 49Yrgha40-o-00031-00001945-00001951 MATCH-UP BETWEEN THE WARRIORS AND THE JACKS. 49Yrgha40-o-00032-00001951-00002105 MATCH-UP BETWEEN THE WARRIORS AND THE JACKS. BRAINERD'S TANNER LUNDBERG 49Yrgha40-o-00033-00002105-00002112 AND THE JACKS. BRAINERD'S TANNER LUNDBERG 49Yrgha40-o-00034-00002112-00002315 AND THE JACKS. BRAINERD'S TANNER LUNDBERG TAKING ON BEMIDJI'S SPENCER 49Yrgha40-o-00035-00002315-00002322 BRAINERD'S TANNER LUNDBERG TAKING ON BEMIDJI'S SPENCER 49Yrgha40-o-00036-00002322-00002475 BRAINERD'S TANNER LUNDBERG TAKING ON BEMIDJI'S SPENCER KONECNE IN FIRST SINGLES. 49Yrgha40-o-00037-00002475-00002482 TAKING ON BEMIDJI'S SPENCER KONECNE IN FIRST SINGLES. 49Yrgha40-o-00038-00002482-00002579 TAKING ON BEMIDJI'S SPENCER KONECNE IN FIRST SINGLES. NICE VOLLEY GOING WHEN KONECNE'S 49Yrgha40-o-00039-00002579-00002585 KONECNE IN FIRST SINGLES. NICE VOLLEY GOING WHEN KONECNE'S 49Yrgha40-o-00040-00002585-00002732 KONECNE IN FIRST SINGLES. NICE VOLLEY GOING WHEN KONECNE'S SPIKE HITS THE NET. 49Yrgha40-o-00041-00002732-00002739 NICE VOLLEY GOING WHEN KONECNE'S SPIKE HITS THE NET. 49Yrgha40-o-00042-00002739-00003496 NICE VOLLEY GOING WHEN KONECNE'S SPIKE HITS THE NET. THE POINT AND SET GOES TO 49Yrgha40-o-00043-00003496-00003503 SPIKE HITS THE NET. THE POINT AND SET GOES TO 49Yrgha40-o-00044-00003503-00003586 SPIKE HITS THE NET. THE POINT AND SET GOES TO LUNDBERG AND THE WARRIORS HAVE 49Yrgha40-o-00045-00003586-00003593 THE POINT AND SET GOES TO LUNDBERG AND THE WARRIORS HAVE 49Yrgha40-o-00046-00003593-00003740 THE POINT AND SET GOES TO LUNDBERG AND THE WARRIORS HAVE THE LEAD. 49Yrgha40-o-00047-00003740-00003747 LUNDBERG AND THE WARRIORS HAVE THE LEAD. 49Yrgha40-o-00048-00003747-00003843 LUNDBERG AND THE WARRIORS HAVE THE LEAD. KONECNE SERVING NOW. 49Yrgha40-o-00049-00003843-00003850 THE LEAD. KONECNE SERVING NOW. 49Yrgha40-o-00050-00003850-00003920 THE LEAD. KONECNE SERVING NOW. NICE RETURN BY LUNDBERG, BUT AS 49Yrgha40-o-00051-00003920-00003927 KONECNE SERVING NOW. NICE RETURN BY LUNDBERG, BUT AS 49Yrgha40-o-00052-00003927-00004003 KONECNE SERVING NOW. NICE RETURN BY LUNDBERG, BUT AS THE WIND KEPT BLOWING, SO DID 49Yrgha40-o-00053-00004003-00004010 NICE RETURN BY LUNDBERG, BUT AS THE WIND KEPT BLOWING, SO DID 49Yrgha40-o-00054-00004010-00004107 NICE RETURN BY LUNDBERG, BUT AS THE WIND KEPT BLOWING, SO DID THE BALL. 49Yrgha40-o-00055-00004107-00004114 THE WIND KEPT BLOWING, SO DID THE BALL. 49Yrgha40-o-00056-00004114-00004167 THE WIND KEPT BLOWING, SO DID THE BALL. KONECNE'S SHOT HITS JUST 49Yrgha40-o-00057-00004167-00004174 THE BALL. KONECNE'S SHOT HITS JUST 49Yrgha40-o-00058-00004174-00004267 THE BALL. KONECNE'S SHOT HITS JUST OUTSIDE THE PAINT. 49Yrgha40-o-00059-00004267-00004274 KONECNE'S SHOT HITS JUST OUTSIDE THE PAINT. 49Yrgha40-o-00060-00004274-00004327 KONECNE'S SHOT HITS JUST OUTSIDE THE PAINT. BRAINERD WITH THE POINT. 49Yrgha40-o-00061-00004327-00004334 OUTSIDE THE PAINT. BRAINERD WITH THE POINT. 49Yrgha40-o-00062-00004334-00004401 OUTSIDE THE PAINT. BRAINERD WITH THE POINT. ONE MORE FOR GOOD MEASURE FOR 49Yrgha40-o-00063-00004401-00004407 BRAINERD WITH THE POINT. ONE MORE FOR GOOD MEASURE FOR 49Yrgha40-o-00064-00004407-00004657 BRAINERD WITH THE POINT. ONE MORE FOR GOOD MEASURE FOR LUNDBERG, NICE RETURN FOR HIM 49Yrgha40-o-00065-00004657-00004664 ONE MORE FOR GOOD MEASURE FOR LUNDBERG, NICE RETURN FOR HIM 49Yrgha40-o-00066-00004664-00004751 ONE MORE FOR GOOD MEASURE FOR LUNDBERG, NICE RETURN FOR HIM AS BRAINERD GOES ON TO SWEEP 4srk6CELoec-00000-00000000-00000200 [background noise] 4z-aAdt0vtk-00000-00000527-00001083 10 most impressive Mega projects in Ghana Ghana is a country in West Africa. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00001-00001083-00001579 This country's infrastructure status has grown progressively over the years, which has contributed 4z-aAdt0vtk-00002-00001579-00002088 to a huge economic growth and development in several aspects. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00003-00002088-00002543 Over the years, Ghana has seen a renewed focus by the government and the private sector on 4z-aAdt0vtk-00004-00002543-00002998 infrastructure projects such as residential estates, roads and expansion projects, among 4z-aAdt0vtk-00005-00002998-00003098 others. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00006-00003098-00003198 For the next decade, the yearly infrastructure budget gap is expected to be $1.5 billion. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00007-00003198-00003307 The government and private-sector partners are working together to find new strategies 4z-aAdt0vtk-00008-00003307-00003407 to close the gap. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00009-00003407-00003507 As a result, project funding has become more important for the development of both privately 4z-aAdt0vtk-00010-00003507-00003607 funded infrastructure and public-private partnerships. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00011-00003607-00003707 Today, Africans will show you ten of Ghana's most impressive projects. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00012-00003707-00004482 Sit back and enjoy it. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00013-00004482-00004755 Signature Accra We all know that Accra is the capital city 4z-aAdt0vtk-00014-00004755-00005207 of Ghana and this beautiful signature building is located in Accra. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00015-00005207-00005567 This property is in a great location in Accra. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00016-00005567-00005937 This luxury features a one-of-a-kind, stylish design that appears to be very appealing to 4z-aAdt0vtk-00017-00005937-00006064 the eyes. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00018-00006064-00006526 The Micheletti group, known for their outstanding work, gave this building their magic touch 4z-aAdt0vtk-00019-00006526-00006828 and today is admired by all. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00020-00006828-00007322 This project began in January 2011, and according to the building's plan, the building will 4z-aAdt0vtk-00021-00007322-00007969 house 2009 apartments with property prices ranging from $85000 to $350,000.You know, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00022-00007969-00008706 when I said luxury, I wasn't joking, because this building defined luxury from top to bottom, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00023-00008706-00008982 top to bottom, top to top. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00024-00008982-00009578 This property includes amenities such as a swimming pool, restaurants, a dining room, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00025-00009578-00009807 and a garden, among others. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00026-00009807-00010202 Pokuase interchange, Accra This 95 million dollar project is the first 4z-aAdt0vtk-00027-00010202-00010334 in Africa. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00028-00010334-00010764 It is funded by the African development bank and the government of Ghana. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00029-00010764-00011232 This interchange, Pokuase, is a road project which is expected to cut across several states 4z-aAdt0vtk-00030-00011232-00011482 in Ghana, and erase any form of traffic in Ghana. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00031-00011482-00011688 As the project nears completion, the green areas of the Pokuase Interchange are increasingly 4z-aAdt0vtk-00032-00011688-00011788 taking shape. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00033-00011788-00011888 The grass treatment is largely along the Awoshie stretch and contributes to the road's aesthetic 4z-aAdt0vtk-00034-00011888-00011988 appeal. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00035-00011988-00012088 The project was supposed to be finished by April 2020, however due to the emergence of 4z-aAdt0vtk-00036-00012088-00012188 the Covid-19 pandemic, work on the Interchange was put on hold. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00037-00012188-00012288 Regardless, contractors returned to work following the lockdown and worked to complete the project. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00038-00012288-00012388 The interchange connects Nsawam and Accra, Awoshir and Pokuase, and Kwabena and Pokuase, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00039-00012388-00012488 and we're virtually done with this project. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00040-00012488-00012588 Ghana national Cathedral God's holy sanctuary was established in Accra, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00041-00012588-00012688 Ghana's capital city. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00042-00012688-00013159 This cathedral has a seating capacity of 5000 people and numerous chapels, a choir rehearsal 4z-aAdt0vtk-00043-00013159-00013500 center, a music hall, and other amenities. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00044-00013500-00014033 With all of this, we can see why this project costs a whopping $100 million. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00045-00014033-00014480 The building was designed by the British – Ghana architect David, who was the very person who 4z-aAdt0vtk-00046-00014480-00014897 designed the national museum which contains Africa – America history and culture. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00047-00014897-00014997 . The foundation-laying ceremony was place on March 5, signaling the start of construction 4z-aAdt0vtk-00048-00014997-00015097 on the site. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00049-00015097-00015197 Shani Cooper, the Israeli ambassador to Ghana, was in attendance, as were other religious 4z-aAdt0vtk-00050-00015197-00015297 and government officials. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00051-00015297-00015501 This project took off in 2020 and we should expect a conclusion in a long time 4z-aAdt0vtk-00052-00015501-00015786 7. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00053-00015786-00016329 Obetsebi Lamprey interchange This project will provide significant relief 4z-aAdt0vtk-00054-00016329-00016429 to Ghanaians. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00055-00016429-00016679 It is estimated to cost 135million dollars and the idea was brought by Ghana president 4z-aAdt0vtk-00056-00016679-00017487 Nana Akufo Addo and his administration. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00057-00017487-00018042 After the idea was accepted by many people, even by Spanish investors, Ghana got assistance 4z-aAdt0vtk-00058-00018042-00018348 from the Spanish credit facilities in the UK. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00059-00018348-00018765 The first phase of this road will include a two-way rail interchange with a storm tunnel 4z-aAdt0vtk-00060-00018765-00018897 beneath the road. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00061-00018897-00019259 The road will lead from the market to the central business district of Accra. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00062-00019259-00019864 Meanwhile, in the second phase, roads will be widened into three links that will be used 4z-aAdt0vtk-00063-00019864-00020180 by. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00064-00020180-00020815 Kumasi international airport This airport underwent an expansion which 4z-aAdt0vtk-00065-00020815-00021003 cost 300 million. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00066-00021003-00021484 In 2018, the former Ghanaian president launched this project. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00067-00021484-00022016 The project was created to aid in the promotion of tourism, and their focus was on specific 4z-aAdt0vtk-00068-00022016-00022116 regions. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00069-00022116-00022559 Previously, this mode of transportation was operational and could carry out 20 flights 4z-aAdt0vtk-00070-00022559-00022667 per day for individuals. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00071-00022667-00023276 With this expansion, which has covered a kilometer of 2.3 from an initial 1. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00072-00023276-00023988 9 kilometers, it has increased its capacity to accommodate.7037 and 800 aircraft, as well 4z-aAdt0vtk-00073-00023988-00024209 as 1 million passengers. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00074-00024209-00024729 Also, the expansion came alongside the construction of two extra shopping mall buildings, restaurants, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00075-00024729-00024887 and car parks. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00076-00024887-00025337 The airport is said to be completed this year, making this airport the second international 4z-aAdt0vtk-00077-00025337-00025701 airport in Ghana. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00078-00025701-00026368 Petronia city Takoradi This city is a very vibrant city in Ghana 4z-aAdt0vtk-00079-00026368-00026708 which has a very friendly and welcoming environment. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00080-00026708-00027039 Due to this, the city has been chosen to serve Ghana. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00081-00027039-00027475 The modernification that the city is about to get will make it serve as a boost to Ghana's 4z-aAdt0vtk-00082-00027475-00027575 economy. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00083-00027575-00028087 All this will be possible because of her mineral resources in the western region of the nation. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00084-00028087-00028481 The city version intends to integrate her into West Africa's business core by promoting 4z-aAdt0vtk-00085-00028481-00028956 services in oil, gas, mining, and financial cooperation. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00086-00028956-00029412 This city will create relationships with Apex International and allow their penetration 4z-aAdt0vtk-00087-00029412-00029597 into the city. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00088-00029597-00029727 This project gets even better, as rich billionaire and multi property developer with his partner 4z-aAdt0vtk-00089-00029727-00029827 have established a company name capital Nine Zero, which is an investment company and has 4z-aAdt0vtk-00090-00029827-00029927 contribute to develop this city. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00091-00029927-00030191 This project was introduced in 2018 and its full aim is to provide the first fully integrated 4z-aAdt0vtk-00092-00030191-00030564 business hub for West Africa for the oil, gas and mining industry. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00093-00030564-00030844 The first phase of this project cost 113 million dollars, and the subsequent phase of development 4z-aAdt0vtk-00094-00030844-00030966 was spread out over a 10-year period. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00095-00030966-00031211 When finished, the city will have over 30000 residents and will offer recreational activities. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00096-00031211-00031562 Marine drive This is a 1.2 billion public-private partnership 4z-aAdt0vtk-00097-00031562-00031902 project which cuts across the coast line of Ghana. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00098-00031902-00032582 The marine drive will include a business district, a buzzing environment, 15 office complexes, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00099-00032582-00033069 tourist resorts, parking lots, hotels, grounds, and a beach. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00100-00033069-00033428 This multi- billion project will not only serve as a means of employment for Ghana, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00101-00033428-00033528 but as an envious platform for the world. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00102-00033528-00033628 The Marine Drive, also a tourism project, is the government of Ghana's single greatest 4z-aAdt0vtk-00103-00033628-00033728 tourism investment project since independence. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00104-00033728-00033828 The 241-acre prime beachfront tourism enclave project aims to position Ghana as the most 4z-aAdt0vtk-00105-00033828-00033928 sought-after tourist destination and destination of choice in the West African sub-region, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00106-00033928-00034374 as well as employment possibilities for many young people in the country. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00107-00034374-00034830 Accra sky train project This STY train will be the first in Africa. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00108-00034830-00035409 To get this project started, Ghana's president met with the Aisky Train Consortium and agreed 4z-aAdt0vtk-00109-00035409-00035536 to let them build the sky train so that the country's rail systems could be upgraded. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00110-00035536-00036041 This sky train has been drafted to cover five routes, which will cover a total of 194 kilometers 4z-aAdt0vtk-00111-00036041-00036359 and will contribute immensely to solving the traffic problems in Accra. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00112-00036359-00036459 The project's visibility process is now complete, and the Ghanaian government must approve the 4z-aAdt0vtk-00113-00036459-00036559 project's second phase. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00114-00036559-00037148 This sky train will have a capacity of over 380000 people at once and will cost an estimated 4z-aAdt0vtk-00115-00037148-00037631 1.2 billion dollars. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00116-00037631-00038125 The development and expansion of Ghana's railways. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00117-00038125-00038558 This multi-billion-dollar project aims to improve transportation and development. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00118-00038558-00039091 This railway will connect all the major cities and major resource areas within the country. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00119-00039091-00039915 This railway spans 4675 and 1394 acres of land, and it is expected to be completed by 4z-aAdt0vtk-00120-00039915-00040503 2023.The contracts were awarded by Ghana's president, and negotiations for new contracts 4z-aAdt0vtk-00121-00040503-00040752 for other sections of the rail system are ongoing. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00122-00040752-00040947 The largest segment, 300 kilometers, will begin soon, while the coastal rail network 4z-aAdt0vtk-00123-00040947-00041047 will receive 575 kilometers. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00124-00041047-00041238 This ongoing project started in 2018 and it keeps getting better and better. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00125-00041238-00041397 The rail infrastructure of Ghana has taken another turn as it is being reinvigorated 4z-aAdt0vtk-00126-00041397-00041835 comprising of modern narrow gauge rail lines as well as the construction of a number of 4z-aAdt0vtk-00127-00041835-00042112 replaced standard gauge lines. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00128-00042112-00042627 Ghana petroleum project Since the discovery of oil and gas, Ghana's 4z-aAdt0vtk-00129-00042627-00042999 government has been working tirelessly to ensure that the country fully benefits from 4z-aAdt0vtk-00130-00042999-00043099 the blessing. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00131-00043099-00043550 There has been a lot of work done in the past, but it has been the government's main focus, 4z-aAdt0vtk-00132-00043550-00043851 and the hub is expected to take off soon. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00133-00043851-00044397 The goal is to meet the needs of the West African sub region and, ideally, the entire 4z-aAdt0vtk-00134-00044397-00044641 continent. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00135-00044641-00044997 The establishment of this petroleum in the western region has been approved by the government. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00136-00044997-00045494 It should be noted that, this hub will accommodate a refinery to process crude oil into various 4z-aAdt0vtk-00137-00045494-00045700 petroleum products. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00138-00045700-00046281 This improvement does not only bring development to the country but create jobs for citizens. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00139-00046281-00046719 The hub is to cover an area of about 20000 square meters. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00140-00046719-00046871 This is a whole lot of space to provide employment. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00141-00046871-00046971 Ghana's infrastructure has evolved gradually 4z-aAdt0vtk-00142-00046971-00047144 over the last two decades, aiding the country's economic and developmental development. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00143-00047144-00047338 Significant investments have been made in the infrastructure base, with estimates indicating 4z-aAdt0vtk-00144-00047338-00047438 that the trend will continue to rise in order to meet the nation's infrastructure goals. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00145-00047438-00047538 The government and the private sector have redoubled their efforts in the last year. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00146-00047538-00047638 That is what we had in today’s edition. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00147-00047638-00047986 I hope you had a good time, and please subscribe to this African uploaded channel for more 4z-aAdt0vtk-00148-00047986-00048086 videos. 4z-aAdt0vtk-00149-00048086-00048105 Please have a wonderful day. 4zOI0wlrUr0-00000-00000048-00000616 Hello everybody it is stopper mc here. I know I have not posted a video in a while. 4zOI0wlrUr0-00001-00000616-00001623 I've been on kinda like a break. So um today as a 134 subscriber special wait no 234 subscriber 4zOI0wlrUr0-00002-00001623-00002208 special I want to make a video but really quickly. I want to just make sure that you 4zOI0wlrUr0-00003-00002208-00002848 subscribe and like this video it's completely free and you can always change your mind later. 4zOI0wlrUr0-00004-00002848-00003560 anyway let's get into this video. So I have a channel with 0 subscribers, 4zOI0wlrUr0-00005-00003615-00004248 and everytime someone subscribe's I will give my mom $0.10. Now I don't know if this is gonna go 4zOI0wlrUr0-00006-00004304-00006776 well. I'd prefer if you didn't subscribe because I don't have a lot of money, and uh ya. If you want 4zOI0wlrUr0-00007-00006776-00007231 to subscribe you can you can support my mom by subscribing, and every subscriber I give her 0.10 4zOI0wlrUr0-00008-00007408-00008128 so this is a huge deal. The biggest project I've ever done on my channel in my 3 years on youtube 4zOI0wlrUr0-00009-00008184-00009056 you know so I'll show you the channel right now. So here we are on here. Here it is don't subscribe 4zOI0wlrUr0-00010-00009128-00009768 0 subscribers so it has no subscribers no videos so I'm so I'm gonna post my first video then it's 4zOI0wlrUr0-00011-00009768-00010624 gonna be done it's gonna explain what is going on. So that's pretty much it uh we can go in the about 4zOI0wlrUr0-00012-00010624-00011312 section and stuff there's the about uh everytime someone subscribe's I will pay my mom $0.10 it's 4zOI0wlrUr0-00013-00011456-00012208 fairly simple idea I just thought it fun to try something new. But any way that's all for today's 4zOI0wlrUr0-00014-00012208-00013280 video the link will be in the description if you want to subscribe to don't subscribe however I 4zOI0wlrUr0-00015-00013280-00013863 would prefer you don't subscribe because you can see by the title of the channel DON'T SUBSCRIBE 4zOI0wlrUr0-00016-00013863-00014863 but if you want to subscribe... your gonna make me lose money and I like me money but ya you can 4zOI0wlrUr0-00017-00014863-00015319 subscribe you don't have to if you don't want to I just thought it would be a little fun thing to 4zOI0wlrUr0-00018-00015319-00015896 do on the stopper mc channel uh so as you can see there's nothing on it no subscribers it's 4zOI0wlrUr0-00019-00015896-00016528 literally just called Don't subscribe uh and I'll put the link I the description, and uh ya that's 4zOI0wlrUr0-00020-00016528-00017040 all I wanted to do for this video. Make sure to leave a like turn that notification bell on so you 4zOI0wlrUr0-00021-00017040-00017696 always get notified when we post a new video and uh ya that's it see you in the next one guys by. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00000-00000041-00000268 In 2019 4_RdmTgLVVg-00001-00000404-00000750 You saw film about life already. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00002-00002629-00002937 Soon you will see something unexpected. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00003-00002937-00003226 With new episode from SASTRA film. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00004-00005183-00005309 Life series. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00005-00005441-00005653 Fact-based story 4_RdmTgLVVg-00006-00008162-00008262 Talked by everyone. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00007-00017252-00017562 My son, what are you thinking? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00008-00017562-00017782 Why did you take this ignorant girl 4_RdmTgLVVg-00009-00017782-00017996 and bad personality as your wife? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00010-00018030-00018334 Your prideful and bothersome mother in law 4_RdmTgLVVg-00011-00018336-00018550 No matter how hard you please her 4_RdmTgLVVg-00012-00018572-00018774 She still doesn't like you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00013-00018802-00019030 Mom, Where is my wife and her mom? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00014-00019074-00019316 Should I tell my son? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00015-00019316-00019520 If I tell him, they will have an argue. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00016-00019534-00020090 But if don't tell him, the family will get destroy by them. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00017-00020116-00020398 Your wife and her parent 4_RdmTgLVVg-00018-00020398-00020650 went to gambling. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00019-00020756-00020900 Did you came from gamble? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00020-00021142-00021218 You old bag. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00021-00021218-00021416 You dare to hit me? I can't take this anymore. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00022-00021645-00021950 Leave me now. You did this to my mother. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00023-00021952-00022310 I can't live with a horrible person like you anymore. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00024-00022364-00022490 Hey, what did you want to do? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00025-00022502-00022600 I don't want to see girl cry. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00026-00022600-00022870 I also don't know how to please girl like other men too. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00027-00022896-00023124 You choose to hurt yourself, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00028-00023148-00023248 But i'm different. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00029-00023268-00023478 But i choose to stop thinking about him 4_RdmTgLVVg-00030-00023482-00023574 Value him lesser. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00031-00023646-00023760 Value myself more. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00032-00023802-00024002 Told myself that I don't need him to continue my life. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00033-00024034-00024222 He isn't worthy enough to make me hurt. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00034-00024222-00024320 Will you marry me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00035-00024394-00024830 The girl in this photo look like my daughter, SOMNANG. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00036-00024830-00025060 Today isn't an unlucky day. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00037-00025112-00025282 As long as I hear our daughter's name, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00038-00025316-00025492 We always get lucky. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00039-00025616-00025677 Open the door. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00040-00025677-00025816 Why are you doing this? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00041-00025816-00025942 You wretched daughter. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00042-00027872-00028082 Hey, do you open your eyes when you walk? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00043-00028200-00028300 My purse is dirty now. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00044-00028437-00028621 Let me clean that for you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00045-00028683-00028783 Hey 4_RdmTgLVVg-00046-00028950-00029050 Don't try to clean. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00047-00029121-00029456 I don't want my brand purse get touch by your dirty hand. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00048-00029481-00029754 Get out of here. Don't touch my purse. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00049-00029782-00030110 What a dirty person. I don't know what you hand have touched. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00050-00030170-00030333 What a disgusting hand. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00051-00030339-00030466 You are so poor. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00052-00030501-00030798 You don't look at yourself when you tried to touch my purse. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00053-00031942-00032074 What kind of girl is this? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00054-00032124-00032260 She has no manner. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00055-00032286-00032477 Maybe she never get educated. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00056-00032510-00032652 She saw an elder yet she bump into me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00057-00032652-00032912 Yet she didn't apology at all. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00058-00032970-00033108 She walked out like nothing happened. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00059-00033774-00033946 What happened sister? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00060-00033946-00034192 Why are sitting here? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00061-00034192-00034366 Are you okay? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00062-00034366-00034670 Why are you crying? Is there someone bullying you? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00063-00034670-00035076 You help me and you don't look down on me 4_RdmTgLVVg-00064-00035076-00035246 like the girl earlier. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00065-00035312-00035536 Why would I look down on you? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00066-00035536-00035744 I only pity you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00067-00035796-00035966 But I'm so disgusting. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00068-00035968-00036116 It isn't true. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00069-00036116-00036264 You aren't disgusting. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00070-00036290-00036450 You are charming 4_RdmTgLVVg-00071-00036468-00036734 You helped by keeping this place clean 4_RdmTgLVVg-00072-00036828-00037135 Why did that girl hate me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00073-00037150-00037395 Please don't keep it in mind. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00074-00037453-00037691 What did she do to you? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00075-00037692-00037898 to make you cry like this. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00076-00037902-00038262 I was nearly bump into that girl 4_RdmTgLVVg-00077-00038276-00038446 Her purse didn't get dirty at all 4_RdmTgLVVg-00078-00038504-00038662 I tried to clean it up for her. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00079-00038670-00038912 But she look down on me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00080-00038912-00039067 Then she push me down. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00081-00039120-00039446 After that, she threw the toilet paper into my face. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00082-00039452-00039746 Even though, you're a cleaner, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00083-00039756-00039856 Even if it is a low-skilled job, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00084-00039918-00040108 But you have a loving personality 4_RdmTgLVVg-00085-00040108-00040642 On the other hand that girl is pretty but shamless 4_RdmTgLVVg-00086-00040944-00041236 It must that be that girl earlier who did this 4_RdmTgLVVg-00087-00041236-00041560 kind of horrible things to elders. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00088-00041560-00041734 What kind of girl is this? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00089-00041734-00041832 Rude and hated personality 4_RdmTgLVVg-00090-00041832-00042000 that other people must avoid. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00091-00042000-00042440 If she was my child, I will cut all my tie with her. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00092-00044045-00044167 Hubby 4_RdmTgLVVg-00093-00044212-00044566 I want to have time to watch these pretty stars with you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00094-00044670-00044770 Okay. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00095-00044775-00045068 I will stay with you as much as possible. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00096-00045305-00045405 Hubby 4_RdmTgLVVg-00097-00045438-00045538 Look at that star 4_RdmTgLVVg-00098-00045563-00045890 It's the bigger and the brighter one. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00099-00046188-00046513 No matter how big and bright it is 4_RdmTgLVVg-00100-00046598-00046887 It will always smaller and dimmer than the moon. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00101-00046963-00047063 Yes 4_RdmTgLVVg-00102-00047098-00047400 It's because the moon is the one who illuminate the world 4_RdmTgLVVg-00103-00047400-00047495 at the night. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00104-00047496-00047650 What about the sun? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00105-00047650-00047844 It's the one who bring light to the world 4_RdmTgLVVg-00106-00047844-00048016 in the afternoon. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00107-00048240-00048340 For me 4_RdmTgLVVg-00108-00048359-00048586 You are both the moon and the sun 4_RdmTgLVVg-00109-00048586-00048805 that illuminate my life all the time. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00110-00049076-00049331 I will be the moon and the sun 4_RdmTgLVVg-00111-00049331-00049594 that going to illuminate your life all the time. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00112-00051764-00052002 Mom, hurry and put it on the plate. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00113-00052072-00052284 before OUDOM coming. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00114-00053840-00054020 You don't know how to save money. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00115-00054020-00054322 It's such a waste to buy these ordered food. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00116-00054328-00054500 These ordered foods are not delicious. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00117-00054500-00054616 What waste of money. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00118-00054616-00054853 You should get up early 4_RdmTgLVVg-00119-00054853-00055072 and make breakfast. That's the right thing to do. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00120-00055103-00055394 You have a lot of money. It's just an ordered food. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00121-00055394-00055574 It's not going to cost a lot to you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00122-00055574-00055724 It's not much. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00123-00055724-00056040 Rich people know how to save money 4_RdmTgLVVg-00124-00056040-00056224 from these little expense. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00125-00056224-00056662 We don't waste our money just because we're rich. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00126-00056662-00056791 No matter how rich you are, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00127-00056791-00057082 If you're wasteful, soon you will be poor again. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00128-00057169-00057452 You really think it through, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00129-00057452-00057602 that's why you are rich. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00130-00058689-00058789 Hubby 4_RdmTgLVVg-00131-00058826-00058979 Do you want to have breakfast together? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00132-00058979-00059067 Yes, I do. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00133-00059105-00059205 Mom 4_RdmTgLVVg-00134-00059256-00059396 Please have a sit. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00135-00059861-00059961 Wow! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00136-00060005-00060182 The dishes are all looking great. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00137-00061214-00061483 SOMNANG, You're really capable. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00138-00061539-00061889 You can get up early in the morning and make food 4_RdmTgLVVg-00139-00061889-00062089 they also tasted really good. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00140-00062099-00062259 You praise me too much. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00141-00062274-00062512 If it's delicious, then you should eat more. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00142-00062578-00062878 Can you tell me, what did you do 4_RdmTgLVVg-00143-00062878-00063064 in order to make these many food? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00144-00063125-00063225 Yes. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00145-00063342-00063629 It's because my mom helped me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00146-00063672-00063796 Yes, yes that's true. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00147-00063796-00063991 I also get up early to help her cooking 4_RdmTgLVVg-00148-00064028-00064210 I saw her got tired from all the cooking. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00149-00064446-00064546 Mom 4_RdmTgLVVg-00150-00064687-00064787 Mom. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00151-00064807-00065125 Are you okay? Do you need any help? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00152-00066086-00066186 Mom. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00153-00066968-00067136 Mom, maybe she can't bear to listen 4_RdmTgLVVg-00154-00067136-00067320 The sooner she leave, the better we are. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00155-00067324-00067496 Whenever I see that prideful old bag, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00156-00067496-00067642 I lost my appetite 4_RdmTgLVVg-00157-00067660-00067762 Let's eat. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00158-00067888-00068088 It's easy to get ordered food, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00159-00068108-00068228 It's not that hard. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00160-00068344-00068402 It's good. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00161-00068608-00068908 It's really good but that old bag said it's not good. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00162-00077892-00078186 Mom, are you teaching her how to cook? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00163-00078231-00078331 Yes, I am. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00164-00078346-00078544 She taught me how to cook, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00165-00078544-00078778 in order for me to be your good wife. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00166-00078778-00078978 Am I right mom? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00167-00079440-00079656 Here, have a taste. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00168-00079656-00079876 The food made by me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00169-00079876-00080076 Wow, It's look really good. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00170-00080118-00080338 This cucumber is looking good too. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00171-00081450-00081600 How is it, hubby? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00172-00082030-00082286 This food is so salty. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00173-00082286-00082434 I can't eat this. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00174-00082555-00082672 Your cooking is really poor. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00175-00082710-00082935 Even dog doesn't eat this. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00176-00083644-00083938 Honey, don't be upset. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00177-00083981-00084118 Even if what she said isn't nice 4_RdmTgLVVg-00178-00084162-00084418 But she's kind. She said this because 4_RdmTgLVVg-00179-00084418-00084684 She want you to be good at cooking. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00180-00084755-00085049 My wife is a really capable person. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00181-00085104-00085434 This time it's not delicious, next time it will be good. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00182-00089762-00089866 SOMNANG 4_RdmTgLVVg-00183-00089992-00090258 Hurry and take these trash 4_RdmTgLVVg-00184-00090258-00090425 into the trash can. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00185-00090440-00090698 It's look bad if you leave it here like this. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00186-00090698-00090966 If there are visitor, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00187-00090966-00091196 I don't know how embarrassing it is. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00188-00091220-00091533 Also clean the dust around this room 4_RdmTgLVVg-00189-00091533-00091852 If other people see this, they will think you are lazy. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00190-00091852-00091952 Yes, mom. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00191-00093076-00093414 My son, what are you thinking? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00192-00093414-00093618 Why did you take this ignorant girl 4_RdmTgLVVg-00193-00093618-00093848 and bad personality as your wife? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00194-00094375-00094475 SOMNANG, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00195-00094580-00094944 No one put the trash on the fruit that you didn't eat. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00196-00095084-00095272 Go get a plastic bag and put these in. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00197-00096224-00096462 If you're so competent, why don't you do it yourself, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00198-00096462-00096624 Why did you ask others to do it? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00199-00096697-00096938 These old bag doesn't like me 4_RdmTgLVVg-00200-00096973-00097091 Whatever I do is wrong 4_RdmTgLVVg-00201-00097159-00097351 I'm still wrong if I don't do anything. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00202-00097432-00097532 How hateful! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00203-00097628-00097880 She's only good at complaining 4_RdmTgLVVg-00204-00097880-00098268 How can OUDOM live this kind of mother since young? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00205-00099130-00099250 I'm gonna get to work now. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00206-00099250-00099334 Yes, hubby. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00207-00100188-00100294 Look at that. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00208-00100364-00100578 Your husband already go to work. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00209-00100578-00100862 You're going to stay with bothersome mother in law again 4_RdmTgLVVg-00210-00100862-00101004 You're not going to be happy. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00211-00101004-00101204 I don't know what to do, mom. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00212-00101224-00101568 Your prideful and bothersome mother in law. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00213-00101568-00101776 No matter how hard you please her 4_RdmTgLVVg-00214-00101776-00101992 She still doesn't like you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00215-00101992-00102198 What kind of elder is this? She's good at catching mistake. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00216-00102198-00102432 I only ate fruit and left the skin on the table for a while. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00217-00102432-00102692 She stood there and shake her head. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00218-00102716-00103040 More or less, I think she thought that our family is disgusting. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00219-00103048-00103266 She thinks that she is the only one who is cleaned. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00220-00103266-00103472 I dislike her the moment I saw her attitude. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00221-00103605-00103913 Nowaday, I feel like OUDOM 4_RdmTgLVVg-00222-00103913-00104120 doesn't love me as much as before. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00223-00104482-00104820 How can he love you as much as before? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00224-00104820-00105040 He always listen to his mother. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00225-00105048-00105235 Her personality is monopolized. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00226-00105235-00105524 She can control her son all the time. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00227-00105524-00105754 She also doesn't like you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00228-00105754-00105996 She doesn't want her son to love you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00229-00105996-00106368 I think it's better if you learn how to enjoy yourself. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00230-00106368-00106628 Don't think about that prideful old bag too much. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00231-00106628-00107059 You should do what you want to do as much as possible. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00232-00107090-00107296 Before your husband divorce you 4_RdmTgLVVg-00233-00107296-00107464 because of that monopolized mother in law. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00234-00109242-00109348 Hello everyone! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00235-00109407-00109636 This is my daughter, SOMNANG. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00236-00109636-00109888 I'm bringing her to play with you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00237-00109888-00110046 Please go easy on her. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00238-00110046-00110246 She doesn't know how to play. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00239-00110330-00110535 Mom, I told you I don't know how to play. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00240-00110672-00110863 You will know once you play it. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00241-00110897-00111148 SOMNANG, you don't have to worry about it. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00242-00111148-00111439 Don't be scared, We're ally. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00243-00111440-00111633 Sit down and play. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00244-00111633-00111848 Soon, you'll know how fun it is. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00245-00111848-00112211 Then you won't want to go home anymore. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00246-00112352-00112682 Hey, hurry and give the card out. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00247-00112690-00112914 Put it here. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00248-00113742-00113846 You see? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00249-00113846-00114194 SOMNANG said that she didn't know how to play. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00250-00114198-00114368 Look at her now. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00251-00114383-00114594 She won a lot of money. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00252-00114711-00114924 Honestly, my daughter didn't want to play 4_RdmTgLVVg-00253-00114924-00115233 because she didn't want you to go home empty pocket. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00254-00115422-00115631 But since you forced her, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00255-00115631-00115830 She had to agree on playing with you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00256-00115968-00116292 Hey don't be jealous of my smart 4_RdmTgLVVg-00257-00116292-00116474 and lucky daughter. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00258-00116609-00116724 How annoying! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00259-00116724-00117135 She's really showing off when we go easy on her 4_RdmTgLVVg-00260-00117161-00117456 She became overbearing just because they win a few times. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00261-00117590-00117830 SOMNANG, you really are lucky. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00262-00122892-00123089 It's just like what mom said. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00263-00123131-00123302 Gamble is really fun. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00264-00123369-00123522 I can go out and play gamble all day long 4_RdmTgLVVg-00265-00123570-00123666 I don't have to 4_RdmTgLVVg-00266-00123666-00123994 care and think about that bothersome old bag. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00267-00125128-00125459 SOMNANG, there are a lot of stuffs that your husband bought for you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00268-00125532-00125690 You don't have to worry about having no money to play. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00269-00125777-00126051 I just need to sell them then I can get money to play. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00270-00126405-00126637 Honey, what are you thinking? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00271-00126759-00126959 Why do you take the jewelry out? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00272-00127024-00127282 I just think about 4_RdmTgLVVg-00273-00127352-00127508 Take these jewelry 4_RdmTgLVVg-00274-00127535-00127821 that my husband bought for me to wash 4_RdmTgLVVg-00275-00127821-00127921 to make it shiny. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00276-00127974-00128132 Once you see it, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00277-00128182-00128392 You will buy me a few more. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00278-00128482-00128633 It been a while 4_RdmTgLVVg-00279-00128685-00128970 since you take me out to buy some jewelry. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00280-00129114-00129370 I was busy these past few days 4_RdmTgLVVg-00281-00129421-00129533 maybe next times 4_RdmTgLVVg-00282-00129637-00129947 When I'm free, I will take you to buy some jewelry 4_RdmTgLVVg-00283-00129947-00130065 You can choose whatever you want. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00284-00130121-00130338 You are so sweet, my hubby. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00285-00132819-00132919 SOMNANG 4_RdmTgLVVg-00286-00133019-00133230 SOMNANG, my daughter 4_RdmTgLVVg-00287-00133230-00133530 Can I have some money to go gambling? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00288-00133530-00133854 I don't have money to make a bet. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00289-00133854-00134228 SOMNANG, can I have some money to play lotto? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00290-00134230-00134532 Today, it's SIAM's lottos. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00291-00134576-00134834 If I hit the jackpot, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00292-00134834-00135116 I will give you some. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00293-00135130-00135270 Fine, it enough. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00294-00135270-00135556 There no need to explain to me so much. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00295-00135592-00135752 I also don't have much money. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00296-00135752-00135990 I don't even have money to gambling by myself. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00297-00136008-00136300 I kept losing and sold all my jewelry. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00298-00136374-00136670 Are you hiding something from me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00299-00136670-00136884 I saw you holding something earlier. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00300-00136920-00137022 No, there is nothing. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00301-00137512-00137686 Then what is this? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00302-00137803-00138029 It's mine. Don't try to take it from me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00303-00138316-00138548 You don't have money. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00304-00138548-00138814 Me and your dad also don't have money to start the bet. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00305-00138846-00139090 How about this, my daughter SOMNANG? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00306-00139090-00139263 Your husband is so rich. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00307-00139263-00139477 Why don't you steal some money from your husband? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00308-00139596-00139868 He's not going to notice it. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00309-00141584-00141744 You see how smart you are, my daughter? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00310-00141744-00141978 You can steal a lot of money. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00311-00142024-00142208 If you done this a long time ago, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00312-00142208-00142542 then I don't have to feel sad because I can't gambling 4_RdmTgLVVg-00313-00142630-00142743 SOMNANG, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00314-00142836-00143270 you gave money to your mom more than me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00315-00143348-00143593 Can I have some more? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00316-00143594-00143888 Even if I win, I only win small amount of money. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00317-00143890-00144020 Please give me more. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00318-00144020-00144094 What? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00319-00144140-00144296 If you are'nt satisfy with it, give it back to me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00320-00144296-00144438 No, please don't take it. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00321-00144438-00144720 I'm happy with this. I'll be crazy if i'm not happy. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00322-00144720-00144872 SOMNANG. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00323-00144912-00145166 Last time you gave me a lot of good cards, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00324-00145166-00145392 Let's win back our money 4_RdmTgLVVg-00325-00145596-00145766 Today I will hit four lottos. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00326-00147154-00147226 Mom, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00327-00147308-00147600 Mom, Where is my wife and her mom? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00328-00147632-00147852 Why are you here alone? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00329-00148166-00148490 Should I tell my son? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00330-00148494-00148776 If I tell him, they will have an argue. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00331-00148776-00149278 But if don't tell him, the family will get destroy by them. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00332-00149324-00149424 Mom. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00333-00149519-00149743 Do you hear me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00334-00149794-00149894 Yes, yes. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00335-00150037-00150164 It's 4_RdmTgLVVg-00336-00150252-00150352 It's just 4_RdmTgLVVg-00337-00150768-00150926 Your wife and her mom 4_RdmTgLVVg-00338-00151106-00151346 They went out 4_RdmTgLVVg-00339-00151452-00151588 to gambling. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00340-00152082-00152258 Your father in law 4_RdmTgLVVg-00341-00152332-00152478 also go play lotto. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00342-00153212-00153386 Do you came from gambling? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00343-00154234-00154386 Why aren't you running? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00344-00154968-00155028 What is it now? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00345-00155164-00155422 I already caught you red handed. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00346-00155422-00155588 You can't explain this right? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00347-00155729-00155829 It's not like that. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00348-00155838-00155961 It just that I feel like 4_RdmTgLVVg-00349-00156026-00156126 I'm thirsty 4_RdmTgLVVg-00350-00156178-00156368 I didn't go gamble. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00351-00156406-00156660 Why are sound like you don't trust me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00352-00156764-00156938 Don't you trust me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00353-00157156-00157430 I already know everything. Are you still denying it? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00354-00157739-00157839 I'm not denying anything. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00355-00157891-00157991 I'm telling you the truth. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00356-00158028-00158234 Don't you trust me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00357-00159070-00159176 What about the ring? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00358-00163850-00164137 I bought on the day we're register our marriage certificate. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00359-00164392-00164570 It's? What is it? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00360-00164852-00165013 Hurry and tell me 4_RdmTgLVVg-00361-00165245-00165536 I already lost it. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00362-00165579-00165869 It's a ring. How can it be lost so easily? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00363-00165910-00166098 You don't have to deny it anymore. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00364-00166198-00166419 Your lie is too easy. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00365-00166447-00166603 I don't believe you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00366-00166647-00166763 Did you know? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00367-00166800-00167109 What's that ring mean to me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00368-00167131-00167423 It's the ring that connect us two. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00369-00167448-00167614 It's made us husband and wife. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00370-00167732-00167932 Tell me, where is the ring? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00371-00168206-00168436 I already sold it. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00372-00168632-00168746 What? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00373-00168794-00168997 Now you have done it. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00374-00168998-00169398 How can you sell such an important thing? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00375-00169508-00169670 You are too cruel. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00376-00169670-00169780 You can leave now. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00377-00169922-00170046 Get out of my face right now. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00378-00173456-00173578 Why are you blocking me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00379-00173608-00173744 Do you have anything else to do? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00380-00173830-00173968 Don't mess with me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00381-00173968-00174068 I'm in a hurry. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00382-00174172-00174271 If you block me like this, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00383-00174271-00174371 If I bump into you, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00384-00174384-00174550 You will get mad at me again. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00385-00174597-00174877 Yes, that's right. I have nothing else to do. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00386-00174907-00175213 Unlike me, you're so busy. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00387-00175242-00175422 You're always left home. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00388-00175422-00175684 You can't stay still at home. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00389-00175684-00175874 Is there something wrong with your feet? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00390-00175874-00176114 Why are you left home everyday? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00391-00176165-00176265 What? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00392-00176299-00176468 I go wherever I want. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00393-00176504-00176826 Do you want to argue with me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00394-00176908-00177124 Yesterday you made me argue with my husband. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00395-00177293-00177393 Are you not satisfied? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00396-00177488-00177774 Are you happy when you see we argue like that? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00397-00177828-00178004 What is wrong with you? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00398-00178004-00178168 Are you jealous of me that I can go out? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00399-00178186-00178396 Unlike me, you always stay home. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00400-00178420-00178745 I'm not the kind of person who can't stay still at home 4_RdmTgLVVg-00401-00178745-00179003 always go hand out like you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00402-00179004-00179360 If you are a good wife, your husband won't argue with you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00403-00179398-00179710 I don't want my son become a fool 4_RdmTgLVVg-00404-00179710-00179983 that don't know what horrible things you did. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00405-00180075-00180175 You sold everything. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00406-00180262-00180446 yet you still not satisfied then you steal your husband money 4_RdmTgLVVg-00407-00180446-00180528 to gamble more. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00408-00180528-00180614 I don't understand. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00409-00180614-00181040 Is my son blind or is there something that block his vision? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00410-00181114-00181342 Why can't he see through your rude personality? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00411-00181370-00181658 Why he loves a girl like you? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00412-00181668-00181894 There's nothing good about you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00413-00181973-00182276 You're rude and disrespect elders. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00414-00182276-00182612 You're Ignorant and addicted to gambling. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00415-00182756-00183097 Put it simple, you're ill-bred. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00416-00183162-00183262 People like you 4_RdmTgLVVg-00417-00183317-00183625 can't see the good deed of other people, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00418-00183704-00183846 You're narcissist. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00419-00183925-00184081 No matter how much I pleased you, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00420-00184132-00184259 you still don't like me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00421-00184380-00184480 What is that? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00422-00184495-00184701 What is the deed that you think 4_RdmTgLVVg-00423-00184736-00184926 you did right? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00424-00184926-00185126 No matter how much I try to open my heart 4_RdmTgLVVg-00425-00185126-00185282 as big as a mountain 4_RdmTgLVVg-00426-00185282-00185628 I still can't see your good deed. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00427-00185654-00185824 I think you should 4_RdmTgLVVg-00428-00185842-00186020 get a new glasses. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00429-00186032-00186274 It's because your eyes has problems. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00430-00186326-00186570 You also need a strong cleansing water 4_RdmTgLVVg-00431-00186578-00186884 to wash up all your negative thought. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00432-00186898-00187162 So that you don't see other in a bad way. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00433-00187198-00187312 Just like you think about yourself. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00434-00187411-00187656 Hey, infant 4_RdmTgLVVg-00435-00187656-00187862 Your words is outrageous. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00436-00187862-00188186 Days by days, you're getting ruder and ruder. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00437-00188294-00188450 Your word is stinky, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00438-00188476-00188608 more stinky than a corpse. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00439-00188662-00188906 Are you telling me that 4_RdmTgLVVg-00440-00188906-00189228 your words are more stinky than corpse? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00441-00189300-00189484 You don't need to tell me. I already knew it. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00442-00189522-00189838 I tried my best to stay away from you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00443-00189838-00190132 But you keep followed me non stop. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00444-00190196-00190562 This is enough. I don't want to argue with a narcissist like you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00445-00190640-00190894 A person who doesn't do anything but pointing out mistakes. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00446-00190958-00191238 I also don't want to argue with you because it's useless. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00447-00191324-00191576 It might bring bad luck to me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00448-00191673-00191954 Enough, I'm already tired from argue with you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00449-00191954-00192234 Get out of my face right now. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00450-00192718-00192930 Do you understand my words? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00451-00192936-00193140 It's you who don't understand my words. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00452-00193182-00193408 I told you I won't let you go anywhere. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00453-00193440-00193652 You're such a hard person to talk with. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00454-00193670-00193880 A human that doesn't understand human language. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00455-00193922-00194106 Hey, you're going overboard. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00456-00194142-00194242 So what? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00457-00194462-00194592 What can you do to me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00458-00195008-00195126 You old bag. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00459-00195186-00195286 Did you just slap me? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00460-00195286-00195376 Yes, I did. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00461-00195412-00195538 I slapped you 4_RdmTgLVVg-00462-00195596-00195792 to let those wild soul out of you body 4_RdmTgLVVg-00463-00195792-00196118 to stop you from going crazy. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00464-00196364-00196464 I can't take this anymore. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00465-00196764-00196824 Mom! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00466-00196844-00196934 You! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00467-00196940-00197225 Are you okay, mom? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00468-00197225-00197360 Mom 4_RdmTgLVVg-00469-00197460-00197544 It's 4_RdmTgLVVg-00470-00197694-00197802 This girl 4_RdmTgLVVg-00471-00197874-00198078 This girl is too cruel, my son. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00472-00198248-00198348 You! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00473-00198523-00198685 You must get out of my house right now. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00474-00198803-00199140 You are going overboard. You're outrageous. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00475-00199319-00199560 How can you call me like this? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00476-00199648-00199743 You dare to chase me out? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00477-00199743-00199843 Yes, I am. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00478-00199912-00200234 Cruel girl like you. It's outrageous. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00479-00200236-00200518 You dare to do this to my mother. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00480-00200518-00200860 I can't live with a horrible person like you anymore. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00481-00201276-00201370 I'm sorry. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00482-00201370-00201570 I was too angry. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00483-00201626-00201770 So I can't control myself. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00484-00201946-00202046 Go away! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00485-00202145-00202245 Go away right now! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00486-00202286-00202445 Get out of my house. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00487-00202566-00202697 Don't let me see you again. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00488-00205739-00205862 From today onward. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00489-00205900-00206197 We are stranger. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00490-00206202-00206426 We end our relationship from now on. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00491-00206426-00206580 Don't let me see your face again. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00492-00206690-00206780 OUDOM 4_RdmTgLVVg-00493-00206871-00207048 Think about our relationship, 4_RdmTgLVVg-00494-00207126-00207400 Don't break up because of this matter. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00495-00207728-00208029 This matter maybe small to you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00496-00208030-00208164 But it's big to me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00497-00208164-00208304 Did you know? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00498-00208304-00208556 How much I love my mother? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00499-00208556-00208684 She is my biological mother. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00500-00208748-00209056 She's the one who give birth to me, raise me up. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00501-00209094-00209263 She's is my benefactor. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00502-00209329-00209479 She's my everything. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00503-00209532-00209880 She's old and she is my only relative. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00504-00209880-00210134 and she is my biological mother. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00505-00210158-00210443 You are just an unknown girl 4_RdmTgLVVg-00506-00210444-00210626 that I knew not long ago 4_RdmTgLVVg-00507-00210678-00210917 But you are too cruel. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00508-00210967-00211092 You have to heart of an animal. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00509-00211092-00211292 Don't know what is right and what is wrong. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00510-00211312-00211494 You don't respect elders. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00511-00211548-00211808 You dare to do this, you are too cruel. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00512-00211867-00212064 It's enough to make me get over you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00513-00212276-00212686 I don't know how can I forgive you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00514-00213000-00213100 Hubby. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00515-00213236-00213421 It's not what I want 4_RdmTgLVVg-00516-00213458-00213640 I didn't intent to do it. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00517-00216619-00216764 What happened to you? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00518-00217026-00217169 Get out of my life. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00519-00217206-00217510 It's you who turn me into this. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00520-00217556-00217710 Stop messing with me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00521-00217762-00217917 Stop messing with my life. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00522-00218012-00218182 Everytime you lived with me 4_RdmTgLVVg-00523-00218246-00218482 You always bring bad luck to me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00524-00219346-00219460 SOMNANG 4_RdmTgLVVg-00525-00219460-00219630 How are you, my ex-wife? 4_RdmTgLVVg-00526-00219630-00219700 SOMNANG. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00527-00219700-00220042 My best friend, this time I see your true color. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00528-00220102-00220438 I think you're smart. You're good at picking man. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00529-00220438-00220817 You can pick a man with the same personality as you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00530-00220817-00220892 How regretful! 4_RdmTgLVVg-00531-00220892-00221117 I shouldn't have thrown a diamond just to pick up a rock. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00532-00221219-00221400 What is food is this? It's taste so bad. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00533-00221434-00221758 That's right. My food is not as good as your ex wife's. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00534-00221798-00222040 You can go eat her food. You don't need to eat this. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00535-00222388-00222696 Scumbag, you're worse than an animal. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00536-00222748-00222858 You're the worst. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00537-00222886-00223067 You're force me to sleep with you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00538-00223102-00223202 You are too cruel. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00539-00223254-00223384 I can never forgive you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00540-00223416-00223717 I will make you pay what you owe me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00541-00223912-00224062 Shameless man like you. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00542-00224062-00224316 being poor is what you should be. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00543-00224342-00224556 You can mess with anyone but you choose to mess with me. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00544-00224556-00224771 This is what you're end up with. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00545-00224778-00224998 In 2019 4_RdmTgLVVg-00546-00225132-00225478 You saw film about life already. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00547-00227357-00227665 Soon you will see something unexpected. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00548-00227665-00227954 With new episode from SASTRA film. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00549-00229912-00230037 Life series 4_RdmTgLVVg-00550-00230078-00230150 Fact-based story 4_RdmTgLVVg-00551-00230150-00230382 Talked by everyone. 4_RdmTgLVVg-00552-00230469-00230746 SASTRA FILM. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00000-00000014-00000097 You have entered 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00001-00000097-00000287 the plumbing business success zone, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00002-00000287-00000563 teaching entrepreneurs the business of plumbing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00003-00000563-00000760 This is "Potty Talk LIVE", 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00004-00000760-00000948 recorded live every week. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00005-00000948-00001215 Turn on notifications to never miss an episode. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00006-00001215-00001450 Now your host, Richard Behney, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00007-00001450-00001647 the Million Dollar Plumber. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00008-00001907-00002010 Hey, hey, hey, plumbing pros, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00009-00002010-00002365 welcome to the 339th episode of "Potty Talk LIVE". 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00010-00002365-00002614 I'm your host, Richard Behney, the Million Dollar Plumber, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00011-00002614-00002841 along with my co-host, the Lovely Laura, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00012-00002841-00003157 where we're talking the business of plumbing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00013-00003157-00003365 How to systemize, stylize, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00014-00003365-00003656 and monetize your plumbing business. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00015-00003656-00003945 And we got a great program for you this evening. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00016-00003945-00004193 It's the second part of our two-part series, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00017-00004193-00004547 "Where do you wanna be this time next year?" 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00018-00004547-00004655 And we're gonna talk about that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00019-00004655-00004754 Sitting right here next to you, baby. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00020-00004754-00004856 Hey baby, me too. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00021-00005000-00005204 Hey, it's great to have you here sitting with us. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00022-00005204-00005358 Hey, if you are sitting with us live, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00023-00005358-00005571 please type, "Live" in the comments, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00024-00005571-00005771 let us know that you're here live with us, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00025-00005771-00005999 and if you're catching the replay, please type, "Replay", 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00026-00005999-00006173 let us know you caught the replay, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00027-00006173-00006315 and if you're listening to the podcast, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00028-00006315-00006430 you know what to do, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00029-00006430-00006654 just keep on listening. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00030-00006654-00006885 It's great to have everybody here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00031-00006885-00006969 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00032-00006969-00007052 It's good to see you, baby. Thank you, honey. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00033-00007052-00007222 We've kinda been doing our own thing today. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00034-00007222-00007409 I know, it's a Monday, so... Today, it's a Monday 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00035-00007409-00007581 and as is Mondays are usually what I call, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00036-00007581-00007772 it's my money Monday. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00037-00007772-00008033 You always like to label everything. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00038-00008033-00008140 I gotta make it fun. Give it a name, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00039-00008140-00008324 give it a title. Yes I know. 'Cause it's not fun. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00040-00008324-00008497 I don't like sitting there looking at accountants. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00041-00008497-00008607 At a computer. Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00042-00008607-00008744 And do that kind of stuff. Yes, hmm. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00043-00008744-00008830 So I make it fun. I know. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00044-00008830-00009030 By giving it a fun name. Hmm. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00045-00009030-00009215 But I was doing my thing. I do my thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00046-00009215-00009575 You're doing your thing, but here we are together now. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00047-00009575-00009754 So yeah, happy 2022. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00048-00009754-00009884 This is part two 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00049-00009884-00010184 of our new year's "Potty Talk LIVE". 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00050-00010298-00010549 Well, if you didn't catch it, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00051-00010549-00010714 be sure to catch it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00052-00010714-00010906 We kinda took a quick look... Delete now but come back. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00053-00010906-00011122 We took a quick look in the rear view mirror. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00054-00011122-00011233 What we can learn from that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00055-00011233-00011383 But now we're gonna talk about. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00056-00011383-00011466 Hi, Andrea. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00057-00011466-00011549 What we can do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00058-00011549-00011772 I really got some simple things that you can do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00059-00011772-00011987 That you can do right now. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00060-00011987-00012224 Today, right this second or after the show? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00061-00012224-00012307 Right now. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00062-00012307-00012390 To ensure. After the show. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00063-00012390-00012477 Yes, after the show 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00064-00012477-00012839 to ensure that 2022 is your year. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00065-00012839-00013008 Jersey Boys are live. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00066-00013008-00013200 Bobby and Val. Bobby and Val, Jersey Boys. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00067-00013200-00013474 Jersey Boys, love that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00068-00013474-00013594 Who's checking in with us? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00069-00013594-00013740 Yes, Andrea said, hi. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00070-00013740-00014037 Andrea is from Indiana, another fellow. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00071-00014037-00014144 Well, we're not a Hoosier anymore. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00072-00014144-00014324 No. No, she's a Hoosier. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00073-00014324-00014521 We're a Seminole, is that what we are? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00074-00014731-00014828 Well, hi, Tanner. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00075-00014828-00014911 Floridian? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00076-00014911-00015112 Hey, Tanner. We're Floridians? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00077-00015112-00015215 Yeah, Floridians. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00078-00015339-00015690 Well, we went to the beach yesterday, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00079-00015690-00015834 hanging out with some friends. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00080-00015834-00016020 It was fun, it was beautiful. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00081-00016020-00016173 We did go to the beach. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00082-00016318-00016612 We had to, it was so hot. It was like 82 out. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00083-00016612-00016842 And it was nice. Hey, Roadrunners. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00084-00016842-00017091 But I made my way up to the Tiki bar, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00085-00017091-00017297 as I have a way of doing, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00086-00017297-00017599 and making friends with the locals there. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00087-00017599-00017682 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00088-00017682-00017845 But I found out that you're not truly a local 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00089-00017845-00017967 until you lived there 10 years. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00090-00017967-00018155 Oh, that's not true. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00091-00018155-00018291 That's what I want. Nope. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00092-00018458-00018541 What she know? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00093-00018541-00018624 She looked pretty rough. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00094-00018624-00018803 I wasn't gonna argue with her. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00095-00018803-00019060 I have to disagree, I'm a Floridian now. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00096-00019060-00019300 I'm a Floridian now. Yes we are. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00097-00019300-00019456 We've got our license and everything. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00098-00019456-00019629 Yes. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00099-00019629-00019712 And we love it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00100-00019712-00019951 And you know this, you know that we are 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00101-00019951-00020161 because when it got down to what? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00102-00020161-00020436 68 or something, the other day. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00103-00020436-00020545 We're freezing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00104-00020545-00020644 We're freezing our butts off. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00105-00020644-00020770 Right, poor us. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00106-00020770-00021008 Like that's why I think I got this little bit of a cold. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00107-00021008-00021141 Oh, is that it, 'cause it got so cold here? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00108-00021141-00021302 Yeah, 68 and I got a little bit of a... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00109-00021302-00021537 You didn't put a scarf on you when you went out. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00110-00021537-00021795 Well, it got me, it got me. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00111-00021795-00021979 So is anybody feeling sorry for us yet? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00112-00021979-00022062 Nope. Nope. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00113-00022184-00022267 I don't think so. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00114-00022267-00022429 How are you guys doing? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00115-00022429-00022588 Hey, let's get a question up there. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00116-00022588-00022796 We have a question for tonight. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00117-00022796-00022958 Shelby, hit it, there we go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00118-00022958-00023127 What's one goal? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00119-00023127-00023511 That you will, you will, accomplish this year? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00120-00023511-00023709 And you have to state it 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00121-00023709-00023905 as if you will, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00122-00023905-00024068 Or you already have. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00123-00024068-00024234 I have, I am, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00124-00024234-00024536 So when you comment say that I will, or I have. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00125-00024536-00024855 No, not will, I have and I am. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00126-00024855-00024992 Yes, I have and I am. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00127-00024992-00025184 It's nine degrees. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00128-00025184-00025499 Oh, Carmnen. It's Chicago, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00129-00025499-00025589 This wrong, sorry. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00130-00025685-00025997 Hey Carmen, you commented on something, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00131-00025997-00026275 I did an open Q&A for the Success Academy members 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00132-00026275-00026604 and you get a private Facebook group page or whatever. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00133-00026604-00026696 I did a Q&A thing today. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00134-00026696-00026839 And you came in right away, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00135-00026839-00027166 you chimed in, whatever. I was there. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00136-00027166-00027507 And Carmen had a couple of questions there at the end. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00137-00027507-00027674 Did you get to him? No, I haven't, Carmen. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00138-00027945-00028060 Thanks for being there, Carmen. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00139-00028060-00028239 Well, I think very quickly, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00140-00028239-00028467 since you're here, why not? You're doing it again. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00141-00028467-00028627 I don't feel a little bit, it's right here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00142-00028627-00028916 I'll tell you that cold, you got cold here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00143-00028916-00029014 Mikki, crossing into Ark... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00144-00029014-00029181 Yeah, we are crossing and that's right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00145-00029181-00029310 We're gonna see you Arkansas. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00146-00029310-00029393 Oh, that's right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00147-00029393-00029593 You are right now, what are you doing in Arkansas? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00148-00029593-00029785 I forgot that was our question. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00149-00029785-00029951 I have three trucks on the road full-time, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00150-00029951-00030151 says Scott. There we go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00151-00030151-00030363 I have full-time, yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00152-00030363-00030574 So, were saying something? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00153-00030574-00030953 We talked about a diagnostic fee. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00154-00030953-00031131 Diagnostic fee? Diagnostic fee, right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00155-00031131-00031333 And he had asked something about, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00156-00031333-00031516 how to explain to the customer 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00157-00031516-00031893 that doesn't include diagnostic time? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00158-00031893-00031989 Well, it should. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00159-00031989-00032173 You always wanna include 10 or 15 minutes 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00160-00032173-00032476 of what I call, line of sight inspection, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00161-00032476-00032562 line of sight. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00162-00032562-00032704 So, I mean, if you're gonna charge, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00163-00032704-00032940 if you gotta pull a wrench out and that kinda thing, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00164-00032940-00033218 but the 10 minutes of line of sight inspection. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00165-00033218-00033506 Not crawling up in the attic and down in the basement. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00166-00033506-00033675 Or in your crawl space Or In the crawl space 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00167-00033675-00033771 or that kind of a thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00168-00033771-00034094 So that you would have a task that would... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00169-00034094-00034211 Call it extended. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00170-00034211-00034374 Extended diagnostic. Extended diagnostic. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00171-00034374-00034506 Yes, so you need one of those, Carmen. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00172-00034506-00034589 And Service Titan, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00173-00034589-00034846 which I think you use, but I'm not sure. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00174-00034846-00034963 Yes. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00175-00034963-00035194 So, what's it? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00176-00035194-00035390 I just saw a Clete showed up on my list here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00177-00035390-00035557 Hey, Clete. Clete says I made it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00178-00035557-00035691 Hey, guys, hey Clete, how you doing, Bro? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00179-00035691-00035907 From down under. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00180-00035907-00035990 Yes, down in Australia. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00181-00035990-00036156 Joe, Joe is live. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00182-00036156-00036273 You're with us here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00183-00036273-00036373 Joe is new. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00184-00036373-00036608 Hey Joe, I just did. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00185-00036608-00036846 And today, he was part of the Q&A 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00186-00036846-00037047 and said he was just new or whatever. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00187-00037047-00037264 I get a list of those that joined the Success Academy. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00188-00037264-00037681 So, I have five, seven, 10 every day 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00189-00037681-00038008 that I do a personal email. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00190-00038008-00038091 So, I just did yours today. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00191-00038091-00038350 I don't know when the VA will get it out, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00192-00038350-00038515 probably, in the next day. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00193-00038515-00038604 It's in the mail. It's in the mail. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00194-00038863-00038994 Anne the Babe is in the house. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00195-00038994-00039307 We have six trucks running service calls 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00196-00039307-00039565 in the Minneapolis and Metro area. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00197-00039565-00039648 That's right. That's right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00198-00039648-00039731 Babes everywhere. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00199-00039731-00039964 Yeah, Babe, you will, you will be doing that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00200-00039964-00040074 Yeah, you will. Yes, right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00201-00040074-00040316 So fun, love that truck. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00202-00040316-00040457 One of our favorites. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00203-00040457-00040696 Carmen says, no, I'm gonna try SkyBoss, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00204-00040696-00040796 please don't hate me. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00205-00040796-00041083 Oh, no, we would never hate you, Carmen 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00206-00041083-00041166 because... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00207-00041166-00041427 As I had a producer tell me, back in my music days, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00208-00041427-00041572 we all make our own mistakes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00209-00041965-00042065 All right, Carmen. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00210-00042467-00042595 No, we won't hate you at all, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00211-00042595-00042756 but we're pretty sure you'll end up 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00212-00042756-00042966 with a Service Titan at some point. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00213-00042966-00043050 Hey, Alex. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00214-00043050-00043189 It's a good place to start though. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00215-00043189-00043413 Good place to start, That's right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00216-00043413-00043770 We have eight to 10 techs and service plumbing vans, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00217-00043770-00044044 says, Dan Tanner. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00218-00044044-00044226 I almost sort of asked, but now that's not right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00219-00044226-00044372 Iron Mountain. Iron Mountain. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00220-00044372-00044602 Iron Mountain, Iron Mountain, Iron Mountain. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00221-00044602-00044685 Say that three times fast. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00222-00044685-00044804 St. George, St. George Hotel. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00223-00044804-00044956 Bo: we have 16 trucks 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00224-00044956-00045159 and are starting our fourth location. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00225-00045250-00045526 Bo is bound and determined, he and Kimberly, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00226-00045526-00045732 to take over the whole West Coast. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00227-00045732-00045827 I think so. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00228-00045827-00046007 And I think and beyond. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00229-00046096-00046429 Full speed plumbing, full speed ahead. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00230-00046429-00046605 That's right, let's keep moving forward. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00231-00046605-00046820 So any plumbers out there looking 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00232-00046820-00047278 for a great company to work for out in the Washington, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00233-00047278-00047466 I-95 quarter, is that right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00234-00047466-00047649 He always says that, is it I-95? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00235-00047649-00047760 Yeah. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00236-00047760-00047967 I, something, I forget. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00237-00047967-00048190 It's not I-95, that's on the East Coast. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00238-00048190-00048451 I-5 or something like that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00239-00048451-00048712 Last Thursday but getting another truck 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00240-00048712-00048932 and we pick it up tomorrow or Wednesday. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00241-00048932-00049084 So you went out and you got that truck. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00242-00049084-00049196 Good for you, Aaron. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00243-00049196-00049346 Not that little thing that you sent me picture of. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00244-00049558-00049723 He was joshing you. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00245-00049723-00049962 I will switch Service Titan, good for you, Scott. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00246-00049962-00050094 You and I are gonna have to go out in the yard 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00247-00050094-00050258 and talk when we'll see one another. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00248-00050258-00050341 Who, Scott? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00249-00050341-00050520 Right. Or Aaron. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00250-00050610-00050738 I will switch to Ser... I will. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00251-00050738-00050915 Good for you. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00252-00050915-00051234 And yes, Service Titan, it's a different level. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00253-00051234-00051515 Yeah, there's other good products out there, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00254-00051515-00051670 but if you're looking just 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00255-00051670-00051841 to what you can grow with, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00256-00051841-00052021 and what I really love about Service Titan 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00257-00052021-00052166 is the ability to, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00258-00052166-00052430 the most important part of providing those options. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00259-00052430-00052672 Yes, and the presentation mode, correct. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00260-00052672-00052872 I think Service Titan almost does the plumbing for you. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00261-00052872-00053016 It doesn't let stuff you can get lost in. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00262-00053016-00053100 Correct, yeah, that's true. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00263-00053100-00053280 They have so many add-ons. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00264-00053280-00053364 Right. Hmm. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00265-00053364-00053526 But don't get all caught up in all that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00266-00053526-00053697 No. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00267-00053697-00053992 Just learn how to book the call, get the call booked, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00268-00053992-00054146 provide the options. Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00269-00054146-00054380 And know how to swipe the card, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00270-00054380-00054492 and get the money in the bank. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00271-00054492-00054705 We've bought a vacation home in Florida. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00272-00054846-00055050 At the MDP compound, is that it? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00273-00055050-00055161 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00274-00055161-00055354 We're pretty sure we have to buy land. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00275-00055354-00055504 I think we can't even work down here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00276-00055504-00055669 We're never gonna get anything done. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00277-00055669-00055794 No, that's true, yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00278-00055794-00055979 Because we'll be out partying 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00279-00056174-00056319 with the Babes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00280-00056319-00056629 I think we decided that anybody who is a part of a cult 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00281-00056629-00056880 'cause we've been accused at the MDP is a cult, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00282-00056880-00057228 Right, for one eye we're gonna go, we're all in. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00283-00057228-00057363 But like "Yellowstone", 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00284-00057363-00057507 Kevin Costner, "Yellowstone", 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00285-00057507-00057746 how they brand with the Y, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00286-00057746-00057879 We've ordered the brands. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00287-00057879-00058020 Yeah, we're gonna do a brand. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00288-00058020-00058204 With the logo. And it's your face. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00289-00058308-00058412 Right here on your chest. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00290-00058500-00058583 Right there. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00291-00058757-00058863 So just be ready. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00292-00058964-00059096 And you can never leave, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00293-00059096-00059293 or we'll take you to the long black train. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00294-00059293-00059463 That's right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00295-00059463-00059671 We are multimillion dollar company. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00296-00059828-00059986 Says Ashley Tanner. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00297-00060089-00060274 So now's a great time, again, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00298-00060274-00060470 it's 2022, beginning of the new year, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00299-00060470-00060602 everyone always makes resolutions. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00300-00060602-00060733 It's not a resolution, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00301-00060733-00060999 it really is just being intentional 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00302-00060999-00061416 and purposing your mind on what you will achieve. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00303-00061416-00061607 Right. Yes, totally different. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00304-00061607-00061771 Don't get all caught up 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00305-00061771-00061913 in looking at the why we can't, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00306-00061913-00062219 and the excuses and the doomsday. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00307-00062219-00062429 Plenty of that out there. Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00308-00062429-00062689 You gotta work right through that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00309-00062689-00062858 Winners work right through that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00310-00062858-00063002 Winners don't have excuses. Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00311-00063002-00063200 Doesn't mean they don't deal with these stuff, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00312-00063200-00063416 but they just keep right on through, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00313-00063416-00063596 right on going, keep on going. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00314-00063596-00063946 Keep on swimming. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00315-00064092-00064183 So, Million Dollar Plumber. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00316-00064183-00064405 So let's talk, like I said, last week, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00317-00064405-00064589 we're looking at a series here, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00318-00064589-00064797 where do you wanna be this time next year? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00319-00064797-00065175 Yes, so this time next year is 2023 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00320-00065175-00065316 as crazy as that seems. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00321-00065316-00065462 So where do you wanna be? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00322-00065462-00065594 Do you wanna be in the same spot? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00323-00065594-00065768 You don't have to be. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00324-00065768-00066018 You don't have to be, it is a choice. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00325-00066018-00066101 It is a choice. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00326-00066101-00066326 Sadly, most choose to do the same old thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00327-00066326-00066466 Right, and stay stagnant. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00328-00066630-00066808 What's the definition of insanity? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00329-00066808-00067016 Doing the same thing over and over again 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00330-00067016-00067184 and expecting different results. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00331-00067184-00067267 Right. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00332-00067267-00067405 That's the definition of insanity. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00333-00067405-00067609 Right, so do you wanna be in the same spot? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00334-00067609-00067753 Do you wanna still be, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00335-00067753-00068041 just kind of getting by, hoping. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00336-00068041-00068145 In the truck? Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00337-00068145-00068347 'Cause your knees aren't getting any younger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00338-00068347-00068469 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00339-00068469-00068652 Your back's not getting any younger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00340-00068652-00068928 Not living the life that you truly desire. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00341-00069064-00069315 And so you can choose not to. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00342-00069315-00069506 But you gotta do some things. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00343-00069683-00069766 Do you know what those things are? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00344-00069766-00069920 Yes, well, last week we took a look back 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00345-00069920-00070217 and it's good to look back at, quickly, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00346-00070217-00070347 don't get caught up in it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00347-00070442-00070673 Navel-gazing and why did that happen? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00348-00070673-00070931 And why I was so stupid when I did this? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00349-00070931-00071169 Why did that happen to me? Why did they do that to me? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00350-00071169-00071329 I just had bad customers. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00351-00071448-00071531 I don't know what I can not caught up that, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00352-00071531-00071823 well, just look back and take a quick look. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00353-00071823-00071906 And move on. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00354-00071906-00072112 We can learn and move forward. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00355-00072112-00072377 So what can we do right now? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00356-00072377-00072677 These are three simple things. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00357-00072677-00072894 They're simple, but not easy. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00358-00072894-00073059 'Cause people don't do these things. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00359-00073059-00073142 They don't do them. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00360-00073142-00073394 They don't do these things. I know. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00361-00073394-00073608 But if you do these three things, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00362-00073608-00073976 I can almost garan dag on to yah. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00363-00073976-00074281 Careful that some fighting words. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00364-00074281-00074615 Or that you can be where you wanna be, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00365-00074615-00074754 you want it, if you do it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00366-00074754-00074837 So what is that? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00367-00074837-00075004 Let's hit, number one. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00368-00075004-00075189 Hit it, Shelby, number one. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00369-00075410-00075616 Re-address your why. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00370-00075711-00075880 For those of you in the Academy, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00371-00075880-00075998 or gone through the Academy, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00372-00075998-00076153 you know what that's all about. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00373-00076238-00076340 For the rest of you. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00374-00076340-00076558 But for the rest of you, your why is, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00375-00076558-00076856 why are you doing this plumbing thing? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00376-00076856-00077222 And it's not because you like plumbing or you love plumbing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00377-00077349-00077447 If you love plumbing, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00378-00077447-00077607 go be a plumber for someone, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00379-00077607-00077701 there's nothing wrong with that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00380-00077701-00078046 In fact, as you know, we need good plumbers. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00381-00078046-00078192 Everybody is looking for new plumbers, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00382-00078192-00078377 you can probably get a going rate. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00383-00078377-00078486 It's not because... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00384-00078486-00078569 Top right. The top right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00385-00078569-00078748 Right, you can write your own ticket. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00386-00078886-00079314 It's not because you wanna provide the best service. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00387-00079314-00079416 Serve our customers. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00388-00079416-00079672 Right, serve our customers. There may be a part of that, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00389-00079672-00079859 part of the culture and that kind of thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00390-00079859-00080072 Serve them well. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00391-00080072-00080407 It's not because you wanna take care of your guys and... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00392-00080523-00080801 Offer the best pay and the best benefits, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00393-00080801-00081179 and the best everything. It can be part of that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00394-00081179-00081439 But when everything's happening, when push comes to shove, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00395-00081439-00081586 that's not enough. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00396-00081586-00081915 What is enough is, why me? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00397-00081915-00082089 What's in it for me? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00398-00082089-00082245 what's in it for us? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00399-00082245-00082374 With husband and wife, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00400-00082374-00082509 what's in it for my family? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00401-00082615-00082803 Why am I putting up dealing with the customers 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00402-00082803-00083166 who are pushy or sometimes bullies? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00403-00083166-00083561 Or the employees, the that guys every week, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00404-00083561-00083797 someone off because a toe hurts 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00405-00083797-00083922 or they got the sniffles. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00406-00084017-00084304 Sniffles gonna have to take 14 days off. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00407-00084304-00084445 And deal with all that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00408-00084541-00084805 And then figuring out these new systems 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00409-00084805-00084928 and having to create these things, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00410-00084928-00085091 at the same time, doing the work. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00411-00085091-00085228 Why am I doing that? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00412-00085338-00085718 You gotta know your why, it has to be powerful. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00413-00085718-00085812 Deep. Deep. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00414-00085812-00085895 Yes. Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00415-00085895-00086049 And not just because you wanna be successful, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00416-00086049-00086269 that's not enough, that's not measurable. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00417-00086269-00086450 What are the reasons? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00418-00086450-00086652 Do you wanna have a certain house somewhere? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00419-00086652-00086891 And if you do, then where? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00420-00086891-00087033 Get down and even to the neighborhood 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00421-00087033-00087123 and what type of houses? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00422-00087123-00087239 Is it three-bedroom? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00423-00087239-00087322 Is it a four-bedroom? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00424-00087322-00087592 Does it have to sit on a lake? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00425-00087592-00087812 Does it sit on the ocean? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00426-00087812-00087927 Does it, whatever. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00427-00087927-00088126 You've gotta really drill down to exactly what you want. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00428-00088126-00088626 Is there a specific kind of car that you want or truck? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00429-00088713-00088923 We'll get down to the make, the model, the year, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00430-00088923-00089244 the color, all the bells and whistles, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00431-00089244-00089355 you really have to narrow it down 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00432-00089355-00089639 to say exactly what it is that you're wanting, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00433-00089639-00089722 what your why is. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00434-00089722-00089886 A certain lifestyle. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00435-00089886-00090077 Where you wanna travel. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00436-00090077-00090320 You only travel two or three times a year, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00437-00090320-00090466 Go to Disney. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00438-00090466-00090632 I want the freedom lifestyle for my wife and I, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00439-00090632-00090802 and I want my kids to have a wonderful life. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00440-00090802-00090977 Which is great, Carmen. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00441-00090977-00091188 You gotta be able to measure it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00442-00091188-00091271 What does that mean? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00443-00091271-00091354 What does that mean? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00444-00091354-00091438 I want my kids to have a wonderful life. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00445-00091438-00091581 What does that look like? What does that look like? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00446-00091581-00091710 Is it vacations? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00447-00091710-00091883 Is it they go to private school? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00448-00091883-00092277 Is it that you can buy them a car when they're 16? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00449-00092277-00092360 Or whatever it is. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00450-00092360-00092508 You've really gotta narrow it down 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00451-00092508-00092649 and be very specific about it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00452-00092649-00092853 Right. So you'll know. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00453-00092853-00093194 If you're really into serving. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00454-00093342-00093479 Surfing? Serving. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00455-00093479-00093864 So that I can go and serve in these different communities 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00456-00093864-00094104 with my church and that kind of a thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00457-00094104-00094203 Where I don't have to get, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00458-00094203-00094363 I can support myself. Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00459-00094363-00094490 That kind of stuff. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00460-00094490-00094624 And where are you gonna serve? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00461-00094624-00094840 Wherever you be, it's the stuff that means 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00462-00094840-00094956 that really drives you. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00463-00094956-00095115 Yeah, is there a mission trip? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00464-00095115-00095231 'Cause a lot of families 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00465-00095231-00095424 like to go on missions trips together. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00466-00095424-00095724 Some, Costa Rica or wherever. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00467-00095724-00095939 So you really have to be specific about it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00468-00095939-00096230 Lance says, my why is spending time, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00469-00096230-00096408 camping, fishing, rafting, hunting, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00470-00096408-00096557 and having fun with the boys. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00471-00096557-00096877 Yes, and Lance, your boys are such a great age now 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00472-00096877-00096960 for all of that, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00473-00096960-00097054 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00474-00097054-00097286 And they'll only be young this long. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00475-00097286-00097369 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00476-00097369-00097636 So you gotta know that why, it has to be powerful. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00477-00097636-00097811 And then we go further into it, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00478-00097811-00097956 as we learned in the Academy and that kinda thing, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00479-00097956-00098228 we talk about writing in your daily GPS, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00480-00098228-00098428 the importance of that. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00481-00098428-00098755 And having vision boards and that kinda stuff. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00482-00098755-00098921 So, it's in your face, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00483-00098921-00099142 it has to be in your face. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00484-00099227-00099585 Because the day is hitting you in the face. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00485-00099585-00099875 So you gotta have these things in your face, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00486-00099875-00100060 so that it can get you up off the canvas 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00487-00100060-00100194 when you get knocked down, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00488-00100194-00100432 and you will get knocked down. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00489-00100432-00100729 That's just the reality of life. There is no safe place. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00490-00100729-00100952 And it's the reality of owning a business. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00491-00100952-00101076 And you bringing up the Success Academy, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00492-00101076-00101159 now is a great time. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00493-00101159-00101449 Now if you are interested in joining the Success Academy, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00494-00101449-00101638 and we have a 14-day free trial, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00495-00101638-00101772 just type "Success" in the comments 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00496-00101772-00101887 and you'll get all the information. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00497-00101887-00102052 So... Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00498-00102052-00102302 Mid show promo. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00499-00102302-00102385 There we go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00500-00102472-00102674 And we address, I'm sorry, we address your why, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00501-00102674-00102824 and how to determine what your why is, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00502-00102824-00103080 and all the reasons why you need a why. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00503-00103080-00103163 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00504-00103163-00103443 The why is foundational to your success, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00505-00103443-00103578 to you being successful. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00506-00103578-00103699 To you being able to get out 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00507-00103699-00104165 of that common rut that everyone else is in. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00508-00104165-00104384 That everyone else is in. Yep. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00509-00104384-00104531 Everyone else is in. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00510-00104531-00104671 Everybody around you, more than likely. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00511-00104671-00104895 You gotta have that why 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00512-00104895-00105111 to pull yourself out of that common rut. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00513-00105111-00105283 In fact, it's so foundational, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00514-00105283-00105411 with the Success Academy, really, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00515-00105411-00105495 and I'll talk about this, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00516-00105495-00105703 I really want to put that as the first module. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00517-00105703-00105786 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00518-00105786-00106000 But I know getting you guys in, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00519-00106000-00106219 and when I start talking to this fluffy stuff with why. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00520-00106346-00106507 Why I just need to make some money. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00521-00106507-00106613 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00522-00106613-00106773 So we get you into another foundational issue 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00523-00106773-00106965 of your honest hourly rate, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00524-00106965-00107070 and how to figure that, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00525-00107070-00107280 how the money works, and that kind of stuff. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00526-00107280-00107420 But this is just... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00527-00107420-00107711 I mean, it's even more important. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00528-00107899-00108126 80% of your success is not dependent 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00529-00108126-00108308 on knowing the right equations 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00530-00108308-00108478 and what to do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00531-00108478-00108655 Though, all that stuff's important. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00532-00108655-00108881 But really, of my years of seeing this 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00533-00108881-00109048 over and over and over again, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00534-00109048-00109400 and even studying other successful entrepreneurs, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00535-00109400-00109685 80% is the head. Head trash. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00536-00109784-00109900 Why you're doing what you're doing, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00537-00109900-00110073 what you think, how you think about things, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00538-00110073-00110413 what you're telling yourself, that internal dialogue. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00539-00110413-00110579 Yes. Having a picture, a vision, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00540-00110579-00110802 for where you wanna be. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00541-00110802-00111164 Personally, it has to be 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00542-00111391-00111650 like if you're holding your breath under water, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00543-00111650-00111810 and it has to be, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00544-00111810-00112062 when you're just, I gotta make it to the surface. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00545-00112179-00112403 That desperation, that feeling, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00546-00112403-00112666 that, aha, I gotta breathe. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00547-00112666-00112916 That's how your why has to be. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00548-00113048-00113368 For me, and what drove me to be able to make it, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00549-00113368-00113783 was I want to be as in control of my life 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00550-00113783-00113946 as much as possible. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00551-00113946-00114158 And I want the freedom. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00552-00114158-00114295 I wanted to be able to come and go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00553-00114295-00114402 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00554-00114402-00114530 I mean, I wanted to be able to just go with you, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00555-00114530-00114652 I just wanted to go just the airport 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00556-00114652-00114905 and say, "So, Laura, where do you wanna go today?" 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00557-00114905-00115010 And we could just go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00558-00115230-00115409 Would be better if we had a plane? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00559-00115510-00115708 I know, I'm working on that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00560-00115708-00115966 So did I say about the memberships to the... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00561-00116134-00116320 I need more members to buy the plane. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00562-00116489-00116598 That's right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00563-00116719-00116943 Just kidding, just kidding. That's my why. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00564-00117108-00117252 No, our why for years and years 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00565-00117252-00117463 was that we wanted to have a freedom lifestyle 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00566-00117463-00117775 and live in Florida with a view of the water. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00567-00117775-00118019 So that was our biggest why. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00568-00118019-00118308 And so until then, till we actually live there, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00569-00118308-00118534 we traveled all the time to that kind of environment. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00570-00118534-00118618 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00571-00118618-00118749 And we got to where we will travel, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00572-00118749-00118960 when we least, every quarter, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00573-00118960-00119135 if not a couple of times a quarter. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00574-00119342-00119431 And that's made it possible, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00575-00119431-00119577 but that's what we want to do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00576-00119577-00119666 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00577-00119666-00119888 There was the forefront. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00578-00119888-00120023 We always talked about it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00579-00120023-00120172 So re-address your why, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00580-00120172-00120447 so if you already have your why readdress it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00581-00120447-00120583 First of the year, it's the best time to do it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00582-00120583-00120666 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00583-00120666-00120783 If you're married, even if your wife 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00584-00120783-00121011 is not in the business, addressing it together, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00585-00121011-00121189 so you're both on the same page. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00586-00121189-00121272 And let go. That's important. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00587-00121272-00121389 Let go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00588-00121389-00121629 Dream, it is very possible. You can dream. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00589-00121629-00121728 We've been conditioned to think 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00590-00121728-00121939 just to get in line with the other cattle. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00591-00122107-00122399 We have so many things to tell us that we're nothing, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00592-00122399-00122592 even our government today, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00593-00122592-00122733 I mean, it's coming down to now 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00594-00122733-00122857 who gets the... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00595-00123045-00123231 Well, we just had, with the shutdown, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00596-00123231-00123421 what jobs were important. Oh, essential? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00597-00123421-00123529 Essential. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00598-00123529-00123780 Now we get down to what people are essential. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00599-00123780-00123863 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00600-00124337-00124420 Is that heavy conditioning, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00601-00124420-00124625 we're being conditioned that you can't. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00602-00124625-00124830 In fact, even just at the end of the year, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00603-00124830-00125176 when we're talking about the way the economy has been, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00604-00125176-00125378 government is telling us to lower our expectations. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00605-00125378-00125461 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00606-00125461-00125544 Well, you gotta lower your expe... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00607-00125544-00125789 Don't expect to have a turkey at Thanksgiving. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00608-00125910-00126069 You just gotta be happy 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00609-00126069-00126156 with some bread, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00610-00126156-00126362 and some gruel. Some gruel. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00611-00126683-00126820 That's happening, you know that, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00612-00126820-00126972 you're experiencing that right now. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00613-00126972-00127111 So that's heavy conditioning. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00614-00127111-00127416 That's all a lie, that's all a lie. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00615-00127416-00127697 You can achieve what you have in your mind, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00616-00127697-00128022 but you gotta first, you gotta see it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00617-00128022-00128297 Re-address your why. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00618-00128400-00128486 Number two. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00619-00128583-00128842 Number two, Shelby, there we go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00620-00128842-00129100 Pull the trigger, pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00621-00129100-00129188 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00622-00129392-00129502 As Nike says, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00623-00129502-00129727 just do it. Just do it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00624-00129727-00129829 I know it sounds silly. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00625-00129829-00129931 Just do it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00626-00130079-00130234 There's a difference between being a entrepreneur 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00627-00130234-00130394 and wantrepreneurs. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00628-00130394-00130563 Lots of wantrepreneurs out there. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00629-00130563-00130646 There's plenty. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00630-00130646-00130768 Have the big dreams. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00631-00131164-00131543 But first of all, there's many reasons why they can't. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00632-00131633-00131801 Because there's just not enough of this, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00633-00131801-00131898 there's not enough that, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00634-00131898-00132053 I didn't come from this, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00635-00132053-00132221 I don't have that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00636-00132610-00132836 All these reasons, I'm tired. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00637-00132836-00133009 I just didn't get the breaks. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00638-00133100-00133220 I didn't get the breaks. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00639-00133318-00133459 Whatever that is. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00640-00133578-00133712 There's that? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00641-00133712-00133896 And then it goes all the way to, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00642-00133896-00134081 well, I gotta wait till everything's perfect. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00643-00134081-00134195 Ooh, no such thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00644-00134195-00134299 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00645-00134299-00134462 Till I have enough money. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00646-00134763-00134929 It's like saying, I'm gonna wait to have kids 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00647-00134929-00135099 until it's just the right time. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00648-00135209-00135298 No such thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00649-00135298-00135552 Or I'm gonna wait till I get that pension, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00650-00135552-00135670 or I'm gonna wait till I get... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00651-00135670-00135753 Whatever, I mean, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00652-00135753-00135900 it's all these I'm waiting. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00653-00136002-00136279 Till my 401k is this. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00654-00136279-00136507 Your business is your 401k. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00655-00136507-00136784 All this, until everything is just perfect. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00656-00136784-00136983 Til the kids are a certain age, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00657-00136983-00137112 or whatever it is. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00658-00137112-00137283 Till I have kids, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00659-00137283-00137387 that I can make work. Till they're gone. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00660-00137387-00137477 So they help us. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00661-00137628-00137799 There's all this waiting till it's perfect. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00662-00137799-00138070 Sadly, I know a lot of guys like that, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00663-00138070-00138233 who are very talented, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00664-00138233-00138376 and it's just waiting, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00665-00138469-00138645 till just things gotta be perfect. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00666-00138645-00138824 Till I know everything. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00667-00138824-00139057 You're never gonna know everything. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00668-00139057-00139140 Never. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00669-00139140-00139267 You're never gonna know... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00670-00139267-00139468 In fact, I was thinking today, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00671-00139468-00139652 just checking my notes here, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00672-00139652-00139775 there's a great example of this 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00673-00139775-00140176 is General George McClellan. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00674-00140176-00140263 McClellan? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00675-00140263-00140544 That's back there in the civil war days. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00676-00140544-00140757 And he was the first union general 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00677-00140757-00140926 that Lincoln dealt with. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00678-00140926-00141116 He was a great... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00679-00141381-00141592 History says that he had not been a good general, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00680-00141592-00141713 he winds up getting fired, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00681-00141713-00141863 but he was a type of general 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00682-00141863-00142107 that had to have everything perfect. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00683-00142107-00142389 In fact, Lincoln said he had the prettiest army. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00684-00142389-00142500 'Cause all the guys, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00685-00142500-00142696 he got the best uniforms, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00686-00142696-00142819 we got everyone in uniform, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00687-00142819-00142949 everybody's marching well. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00688-00143059-00143221 All this stuff. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00689-00143221-00143391 They look great on a firing range. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00690-00143494-00143696 Shooting the cannons, all on the salute, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00691-00143696-00143821 and everything's bright and shiny, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00692-00143821-00143950 everything's looking good, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00693-00143950-00144109 but he wouldn't engage. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00694-00144109-00144250 The whole idea of an army is to fight. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00695-00144250-00144366 I mean, that was the fight. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00696-00144366-00144560 And the final stroll was Antietam, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00697-00144560-00144914 which was one of the earliest battles. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00698-00144914-00145301 And really we had the Confederates side, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00699-00145301-00145494 which are brothers; 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00700-00145494-00145649 But we're at war. But we're at war. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00701-00145649-00145785 On the run. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00702-00145785-00146005 But we could have ended the war right then, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00703-00146005-00146283 but McClellan didn't feel, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00704-00146283-00146395 he didn't know all the facts. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00705-00146395-00146542 He didn't know, wasn't quite sure 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00706-00146542-00146726 of how big Lee's army was, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00707-00146726-00146873 and just wouldn't engage. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00708-00146873-00147069 Well, the war could have ended right then, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00709-00147069-00147209 could have ended right then. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00710-00147356-00147573 But he had to wait for everything to be perfect. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00711-00147687-00147935 That's how a lot of guys are, they look great, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00712-00147935-00148045 the plumbing is great, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00713-00148141-00148337 pretty, everything's nice. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00714-00148520-00148981 But they won't make a move, they won't move. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00715-00148981-00149337 So, Lincoln winds up firing McClellan. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00716-00149337-00149441 There's a couple other guys in between, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00717-00149441-00149758 but he wound up getting Grant. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00718-00149871-00150126 Who basically, was not the sharpest tool. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00719-00150304-00150439 He wasn't high, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00720-00150439-00150614 he didn't come out of the academy, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00721-00150614-00150723 and that kind of a thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00722-00150723-00150838 The Success Academy? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00723-00150838-00150921 Close. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00724-00151459-00151699 And he was a drunk, he was alcoholic. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00725-00151699-00151796 But he would fight. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00726-00151983-00152183 He would fight. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00727-00152183-00152389 He would pursue the enemy or whatever, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00728-00152389-00152494 and that's how we want. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00729-00152494-00152673 He engaged. Right, he engaged. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00730-00152673-00152904 So you don't have to be the sharpest tool, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00731-00152904-00153026 that's a life lesson, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00732-00153026-00153214 if you look at a lot of entrepreneurs, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00733-00153214-00153330 I can take a look right here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00734-00153768-00153947 You don't have to be the sharpest tool. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00735-00153947-00154255 We've proven that, people, hello. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00736-00154390-00154583 If you get anything from this. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00737-00154824-00155029 You gotta pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00738-00155029-00155182 You gotta do the things. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00739-00155373-00155642 With our private clients, I love all our private clients, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00740-00155642-00155845 Of course, we do, all of them, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00741-00155845-00155965 they're all our favorites. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00742-00155965-00156217 I love the relationships, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00743-00156217-00156487 I love that you allow us into your lives. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00744-00156487-00156784 But even we can see, we have a couple, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00745-00156784-00157019 a few that have gone in within a year, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00746-00157019-00157387 little over a year, to multi-millions, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00747-00157387-00157566 from being way behind, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00748-00157566-00157742 and not in great areas. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00749-00157877-00158004 'Cause they just didn't quit. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00750-00158004-00158161 They just did everything. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00751-00158161-00158258 They just pulled the trigger, pulled the trigger, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00752-00158258-00158466 they didn't look for excuses, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00753-00158466-00158730 they didn't get caught up in all the crap. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00754-00158730-00158865 They just kept going and pull the trigger, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00755-00158865-00159025 pull the trigger, pull the trigger, pull the trigger, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00756-00159025-00159135 pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00757-00159135-00159266 Now they're just sitting... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00758-00159266-00159536 Sometimes they had their eyes closed doing it, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00759-00159536-00159715 and still pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00760-00159715-00159876 Well, what is it? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00761-00159876-00159973 For shooters out there, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00762-00159973-00160150 it's ready, aim, fire, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00763-00160150-00160415 Wait, ready, aim, fire. Ready, aim, fire. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00764-00160415-00160621 And really to be successful in business, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00765-00160621-00160847 it's aim, fire, then get ready. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00766-00160847-00161092 So you'll be ready for whatever happens 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00767-00161092-00161176 and then move. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00768-00161365-00161634 You just gotta keep moving, movement is life. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00769-00161808-00161973 But you gotta pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00770-00161973-00162162 And sadly, most guys won't pull the trigger, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00771-00162162-00162365 they won't fire that account, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00772-00162464-00162594 they won't buy that truck. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00773-00162713-00162853 Do their rebranding. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00774-00162853-00163005 They won't rebrand. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00775-00163005-00163183 They won't hire that guy. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00776-00163276-00163359 Or pursue that guy. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00777-00163359-00163494 Right, 'cause everything has to be perfect. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00778-00163494-00163656 I gotta wait till I have the perfect truck, to set up, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00779-00163656-00163830 to get them in, until they have whatever. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00780-00163830-00164017 Or I gotta wait for the perfect guy. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00781-00164017-00164181 I gotta have the perfect guy, No such thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00782-00164181-00164271 Right. Sorry. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00783-00164370-00164572 You're probably the perfect guy, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00784-00164572-00164815 and that's how you start your plumbing business. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00785-00164815-00164992 It's all downhill from there. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00786-00165146-00165349 Shelby, make sure you put some of these comments up, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00787-00165349-00165510 I wanna see some of the comments, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00788-00165510-00165618 what they're saying. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00789-00165618-00165969 Lance says it probably started in bar fighting. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00790-00165969-00166168 I think he was talking about Grant. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00791-00166346-00166561 I can't read them all, but yeah, thank you. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00792-00166758-00166841 And it seems Lance, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00793-00166841-00167317 he probably knows his history as well. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00794-00167495-00167715 What did he say to that, Bo? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00795-00167715-00167798 Yeah. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00796-00167798-00167955 Well, you're pretty dense. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00797-00167955-00168131 You know some of the stories. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00798-00168131-00168214 No quitters here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00799-00168214-00168357 That's right. That's right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00800-00168447-00168593 Just pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00801-00168805-00168888 Appreciate that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00802-00168888-00169048 Oh, thanks, Kimberly, appreciate it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00803-00169211-00169294 So that was it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00804-00169294-00169380 What was it? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00805-00169380-00169499 Trigger, pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00806-00169499-00169597 Pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00807-00169597-00169862 Iron sharpens iron, that's right, Joe. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00808-00169862-00170097 That's why it's important to be around others, Joe, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00809-00170097-00170361 here, which you are. Which he is. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00810-00170361-00170599 More fire than aim, exactly right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00811-00170599-00170768 Sometimes you just fire, fire, fire. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00812-00170928-00171059 And aim later. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00813-00171059-00171325 And then, you make the adjustments. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00814-00171325-00171430 That's right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00815-00171430-00171588 But be willing to pull the trigger, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00816-00171588-00171775 gotta make the move. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00817-00171775-00171935 And a move you gotta make right now, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00818-00171935-00172254 hey, if you're a new viewer or listener 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00819-00172254-00172453 and you haven't done it yet, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00820-00172453-00172728 you need my MDP blueprint. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00821-00172871-00173243 In it, I lay out the specs that you need 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00822-00173243-00173476 to build a successful, self-sustaining, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00823-00173476-00173601 and profitable plumbing business. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00824-00173601-00173952 You follow this blueprint, you're in. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00825-00173952-00174087 You're in, and it's free. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00826-00174210-00174421 Simply type "Free" in the comments. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00827-00174421-00174728 Or go to themilliondollarplumber.com/free, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00828-00174728-00174964 to grab your free copy 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00829-00174964-00175120 of the Million Dollar Plumber Blueprint. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00830-00175120-00175301 And just so you know, for everybody, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00831-00175301-00175400 either listening or watching, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00832-00175400-00175530 to type "Free" in the comments, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00833-00175530-00175632 it's really just for Facebook, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00834-00175632-00175876 it doesn't work out on YouTube, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00835-00175876-00176127 and obviously, if you're listening on the podcast, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00836-00176127-00176309 you can't do it anyway, so, yeah. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00837-00176309-00176806 So, themilliondollarplumber.com/free. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00838-00176806-00176988 BrightServe Plumbing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00839-00176988-00177327 Hey, dialing in from Johannesburg, South Africa. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00840-00177327-00177461 Hey, mate, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00841-00177461-00177728 It's worth to get up at 3:00 AM to watch the live video. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00842-00177728-00177886 Thanks for the amazing work you do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00843-00177886-00177969 Oh, Dean. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00844-00177969-00178062 Hey, Dean. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00845-00178062-00178213 Well, thanks for saying, wow. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00846-00178213-00178367 See, every time we hear from 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00847-00178367-00178575 either somebody in South Africa or Australia, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00848-00178575-00178859 it's just amazing to me that the technology exists, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00849-00178859-00179190 that here's a brother plumber, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00850-00179190-00179389 way down in South Africa. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00851-00179389-00179614 And Dean we are brothers, if we're plumbers, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00852-00179614-00179878 and we come from the same background, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00853-00179878-00180272 we're in all maybe different parts of the world, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00854-00180272-00180542 even speak the King's English a little differently, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00855-00180827-00180972 and different races, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00856-00180972-00181189 and political persuasions, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00857-00181189-00181418 and religions and all that kind of stuff, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00858-00181418-00181551 but we are brothers, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00859-00181551-00181706 if we're in the plumbing field. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00860-00181806-00181889 Hey, guys. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00861-00181889-00182167 All you MDPs out there, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00862-00182167-00182437 say hi to Dean down in South.. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00863-00182437-00182559 He's a mate, in South Africa, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00864-00182559-00182786 you're considered mates, is that right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00865-00182786-00182869 Some of the guys I talk to, yeah. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00866-00182869-00183070 I know Australia you took mates. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00867-00183070-00183201 So, but say hi to dean, it's kinda fun. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00868-00183201-00183473 Good, good. Johannesburg. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00869-00183473-00183604 You'll eventually hit the target, just shoot. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00870-00183604-00183709 Just keep shooting. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00871-00183905-00184079 You'll just ended up destroying the target. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00872-00184175-00184304 You gotta shoot, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00873-00184304-00184401 you gotta pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00874-00184401-00184580 Number one, re-address your why. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00875-00184580-00184738 Very, very, very, very, very, very, very, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00876-00184738-00184821 very important. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00877-00184821-00185079 Plumbers from another mother. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00878-00185174-00185526 Number two, just pull the trigger, pull the trigger. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00879-00185526-00185703 And then finally, number three. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00880-00185891-00185974 What is it? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00881-00185974-00186058 What is it? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00882-00186058-00186141 What is it? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00883-00186141-00186319 And Shelby, there we go, expand your horizons. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00884-00186319-00186414 We're gonna talk 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00885-00186414-00186601 about a little bit personal growth here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00886-00186601-00186752 We're stretching, we're growing here. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00887-00186752-00187236 We really wanna make 2022 different, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00888-00187236-00187554 to achieve the success that you desire, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00889-00187554-00187765 the lifestyle that you desire. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00890-00187765-00187960 You gotta expand yourself, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00891-00187960-00188085 you got to grow yourself. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00892-00188241-00188361 You didn't get good at plumbing 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00893-00188361-00188861 by just staying and pulling parts for guys 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00894-00188861-00189099 or running to the truck, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00895-00189099-00189215 You had to had to learn new things. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00896-00189215-00189355 Dean, you are in the right place. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00897-00189355-00189659 Worth the early wake up call. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00898-00189659-00189742 That's good. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00899-00189742-00190017 It is pretty early, though. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00900-00190017-00190247 In her head it's early. Yeah, it's very early. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00901-00190247-00190747 But you gotta expand your own horizons, yourself. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00902-00190807-00191018 You gotta grow. Like how? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00903-00191018-00191363 So do something new or do something different. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00904-00191775-00191970 Lance, he's a shooter. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00905-00191970-00192168 He's a woods guy. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00906-00192475-00192596 He's out there killing things. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00907-00192848-00193270 Hey, maybe Lance, check out music theater. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00908-00193381-00193504 What? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00909-00193504-00193698 Little singing and dancing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00910-00193698-00194058 Nope, that's not happening, I'm sorry. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00911-00194058-00194175 But learn something new. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00912-00194175-00194330 Well, I hear guys talk about 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00913-00194330-00194448 they wanna play an instrument. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00914-00194448-00194556 I always wanted to play guitar. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00915-00194556-00194655 Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00916-00194655-00194836 I guess, when they found out that I play guitar, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00917-00194836-00194964 and that kind of thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00918-00194964-00195188 It's like, oh, I always wanted to play guitar. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00919-00195188-00195363 Learn to play guitar. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00920-00195552-00195760 Whatever that thing is, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00921-00195760-00196039 that you wanna do, I think, Dan Tanner, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00922-00196157-00196581 I think he mentioned he wants to learn to fly. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00923-00196708-00196791 Was that Daniel? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00924-00196791-00196874 Yeah, was it Daniel? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00925-00196874-00196966 Was that you? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00926-00196966-00197271 I remember hearing that in a conversation sometime, Daniel. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00927-00197271-00197462 That kind of thing, do it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00928-00197462-00197643 And what's really happening is, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00929-00197643-00197828 as you're learning, you're expanding yourself, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00930-00197828-00197924 you're growing yourself, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00931-00197924-00198089 you're learning a new discipline, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00932-00198191-00198352 which all winds up going right back 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00933-00198352-00198639 to helping your business. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00934-00198639-00198798 You get used to that change, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00935-00198798-00199134 that being comfortable, being uncomfortable. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00936-00199134-00199260 Huh? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00937-00199260-00199360 Have you heard that? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00938-00199602-00199750 You're welcome, Dean. Good to see you brother. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00939-00199750-00199938 Yes, now, it's just put up, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00940-00199938-00200113 get comfortable being uncomfortable. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00941-00200113-00200247 Right, there we go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00942-00200247-00200444 Lance, right on, brother. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00943-00200444-00200581 That's what it's all about 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00944-00200581-00200677 of learning something new. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00945-00200677-00200822 You're just stretching yourself. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00946-00200822-00201008 And so you're getting comfortable, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00947-00201138-00201279 especially, as we get older, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00948-00201279-00201362 and we're into something, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00949-00201362-00201507 we just kinda stay in our rut. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00950-00201507-00201677 That's how the rut becomes a rut. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00951-00201677-00201843 That's true. 'Cause we're good at this, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00952-00201843-00201927 so we just keep doing it, doing it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00953-00201927-00202119 We gotta push ourselves to something we're not good at. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00954-00202119-00202202 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00955-00202341-00202670 So that gets us used to things happening in our business. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00956-00202670-00202867 'Cause daily there's things, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00957-00202867-00203057 if not daily, every other day, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00958-00203057-00203222 there's stuff hitting us in our business 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00959-00203222-00203482 that we're just uncomfortable with, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00960-00203482-00203574 and we don't like. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00961-00203574-00203764 But we gotta get used to that feeling. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00962-00203898-00204126 Who did we talk to this weekend? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00963-00204126-00204399 About the book, "Eat The Frog". 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00964-00204399-00204778 Eat the frog first or something to that effect. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00965-00204778-00205048 Basically, the thing is, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00966-00205173-00205347 the meaning behind the book was, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00967-00205347-00205535 it was something that you do not wanna do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00968-00205535-00205618 Starting your day off 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00969-00205618-00205757 and you know there's a task 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00970-00205757-00205855 that you don't wanna do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00971-00205855-00205989 A phone call you have to make, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00972-00205989-00206169 or some sort of confrontation, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00973-00206169-00206309 or whatever it might be. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00974-00206309-00206611 Get it over with, just get it done in the very beginning, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00975-00206611-00206714 eat the frog. Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00976-00206714-00206835 So you feel accomplished, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00977-00206835-00206929 like you tackled something 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00978-00206929-00207050 that you really didn't wanna do, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00979-00207050-00207227 or you're uncomfortable doing, but you did it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00980-00207227-00207377 And then all the rest of your day, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00981-00207377-00207502 it's all cake after that. Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00982-00207502-00207676 Because you've faced something that was difficult. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00983-00207676-00207804 So get it over with first, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00984-00207804-00207921 don't put it off to the end of the day 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00985-00207921-00208317 or even worse, not do it at all, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00986-00208317-00208583 Attack it in the beginning of the day. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00987-00208583-00208666 It makes sense to me. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00988-00208666-00208892 By doing something that you don't normally do, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00989-00208892-00209126 gets you used to be able to do something like that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00990-00209126-00209325 Yeah, it stretches you. Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00991-00209521-00209825 And also, you kinda redefine yourself. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00992-00209825-00210037 So like for me, personally, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00993-00210037-00210277 I've never thought of myself as a reader. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00994-00210491-00210591 I did all the way through high school, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00995-00210591-00210701 I never read one book. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00996-00210873-00211088 'Cause you played guitar. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00997-00211088-00211351 Well, I got very good at participating in class 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00998-00211351-00211550 and skimming the books, that kind of stuff. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-00999-00211550-00211700 So I never really got drilled. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01000-00211823-00212089 And I always knew what was, I kind of learned, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01001-00212089-00212290 pick up, what would be on the test and that stuff. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01002-00212290-00212530 But I never read a book. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01003-00212530-00212687 So I never thought of myself as a reader, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01004-00212687-00212927 until this day, I really don't think of myself as a reader. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01005-00212927-00213044 But I still push myself to read, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01006-00213044-00213144 I'm not comfortable reading, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01007-00213144-00213387 I'm a slow reader, if you can tell, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01008-00213387-00213545 my English isn't the best. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01009-00213635-00213873 You aint got such bad English. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01010-00213873-00213978 That kind of a thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01011-00213978-00214116 But I push myself to read. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01012-00214307-00214537 To do that kind of a thing. And so part of my thing 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01013-00214537-00214782 is I'm gonna read so many books this year. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01014-00214782-00214940 How many? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01015-00214940-00215023 At least 12. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01016-00215023-00215173 12 books, that's one a month. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01017-00215173-00215361 Yes, which is a big deal. That is a really big deal. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01018-00215361-00215559 Don't judge me 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01019-00215559-00215780 but you ought to read Kelly Ball, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01020-00215780-00216064 in case you're out here forgetting. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01021-00216064-00216212 I don't know, we... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01022-00216212-00216331 The other smart ones out there, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01023-00216331-00216555 they can read. Probably reads a lot. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01024-00216555-00216761 They can read, they can actually read. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01025-00216761-00216923 But do that thing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01026-00216923-00217135 So think about what is something this year 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01027-00217135-00217275 that you can do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01028-00217275-00217409 To expand your horizon. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01029-00217409-00217534 To expand your horizon. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01030-00217764-00217953 Joe says, my whole day is eating frogs 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01031-00217953-00218118 and shooting anything moving. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01032-00218230-00218502 He sounds like a perfect plumbing entrepreneur. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01033-00218502-00218594 Right. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01034-00218594-00218783 You're doing everything then. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01035-00218783-00218956 I was gonna throw this out there. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01036-00218956-00219042 Hey, Joel. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01037-00219042-00219355 I'm in the middle of flight school aviation 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01038-00219355-00219463 is expensive. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01039-00219463-00219716 Ships burned, trigger pulled and open horizons. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01040-00219716-00219819 There you go. Love that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01041-00219819-00219966 Good man. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01042-00220084-00220267 A lot of times for trades guys, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01043-00220267-00220448 we're good with the hands, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01044-00220448-00220623 we're kinda rough and tough. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01045-00220623-00220867 I would recommend putting yourselves 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01046-00220867-00221210 to where you join some kind of social group 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01047-00221210-00221400 or something with your wife. Yes. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01048-00221400-00221589 Where you have to talk with others, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01049-00221589-00221775 and maybe you have to dress up a little bit. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01050-00221775-00221954 And it feels a little fu fu. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01051-00221954-00222281 Like actually trim your nails or your beard 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01052-00222281-00222458 or something, right? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01053-00222458-00222592 So it's gonna expand you, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01054-00222728-00222911 expand your horizons a little bit. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01055-00222911-00223046 Something like a Chamber of Commerce. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01056-00223046-00223266 Most towns, even these small towns 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01057-00223266-00223373 have a Chamber of Commerce, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01058-00223373-00223581 or a Rotary, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01059-00223581-00223769 or, what's another one? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01060-00223769-00224070 BNI groups. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01061-00224163-00224254 BNI groups are hit and miss. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01062-00224254-00224530 BNI is, oh gosh, what's BNI stand for? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01063-00224530-00224691 Business Network International. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01064-00224691-00224837 International. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01065-00224837-00224920 I think, yeah. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01066-00224920-00225168 So a lot of places have the BNI groups and those are great. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01067-00225290-00225386 Again, hit and miss, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01068-00225386-00225671 But that at least puts you around other like-minded people. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01069-00225671-00225929 So you're just not around plumbers all day, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01070-00225929-00226111 which nothing wrong with being plumbers, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01071-00226111-00226294 we're plumbing businesses. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01072-00226294-00226421 But as a CEO, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01073-00226421-00226798 because you're not a plumber anymore, you are a CEO, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01074-00226798-00227021 you wanna put yourself around other like-minded people 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01075-00227021-00227104 Right. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01076-00227104-00227187 In your area. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01077-00227187-00227317 And so you become comfortable. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01078-00227317-00227550 Doesn't mean that's who you really wanna... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01079-00227550-00227666 Readers are leaders. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01080-00227666-00227852 Yes, Ma'am. That's right Kimberly. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01081-00227852-00227996 It doesn't mean that's necessarily, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01082-00227996-00228138 who you're gonna be best friends with, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01083-00228138-00228242 or who you wanna hang out with, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01084-00228242-00228416 and what you wanna do all the time. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01085-00228416-00228760 But you learn to be able to hang out 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01086-00228760-00229023 with guys who are a little, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01087-00229023-00229192 maybe, highly educated, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01088-00229192-00229344 and see the world in a little different way, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01089-00229344-00229494 or come from money, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01090-00229494-00229668 or have big businesses. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01091-00229759-00229903 It builds a confidence there. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01092-00229903-00230209 Again, 'cause you get comfortable being uncomfortable. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01093-00230209-00230410 Yes. And if you're the smartest person in the room, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01094-00230410-00230580 you're in the wrong room. You're in the wrong room. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01095-00230580-00230786 You're in the wrong room. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01096-00230786-00231059 So find some rooms you feel dumb in. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01097-00231200-00231404 We do that all the time. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01098-00231404-00231575 And we'll get ready to do it again. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01099-00231689-00231834 We found the club just to be... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01100-00231834-00232060 There's a social club here in Sarasota, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01101-00232060-00232394 where the Mayor and all the big hoity toities hangout, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01102-00232394-00232717 and the big money in town hang out. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01103-00232717-00232894 And we are definitely not the big money, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01104-00232894-00233125 we are the little, we're the little guys. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01105-00233125-00233381 But it stretches you. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01106-00233381-00233498 Puts you around others 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01107-00233498-00233711 and you can kinda see things a little different way, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01108-00233711-00233851 you hear things a little different way. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01109-00233851-00233940 And you never know. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01110-00233940-00234026 You never know what comes off all those different meetings. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01111-00234026-00234162 And you learn from that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01112-00234162-00234296 Exactly. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01113-00234296-00234428 So, there we go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01114-00234428-00234511 If readers are leaders, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01115-00234511-00234882 what does that make audiobook readers? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01116-00234996-00235106 Audiobook listeners? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01117-00235352-00235510 Still a reader, we'll count it as reading. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01118-00235510-00235667 Listeners are... 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01119-00235861-00235998 I'll come up with a great. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01120-00236227-00236367 Thanks, Aaron for that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01121-00236476-00236650 So that was it, Million Dollar Plumber? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01122-00236650-00236734 There we go. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01123-00236734-00236896 Those are our three key, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01124-00236986-00237113 but simple things that you can do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01125-00237113-00237196 I think it's going off. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01126-00237196-00237429 Simple things that you can do. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01127-00237429-00237706 Re-address your why, check. Check. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01128-00237706-00237934 Pull the trigger, check. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01129-00237934-00238221 And finally, number three, expand your horizons. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01130-00238221-00238432 You do those things; 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01131-00238432-00238573 And join the Success Academy, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01132-00238573-00238749 this time next year, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01133-00238749-00238871 you'll be in a whole another spot. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01134-00238871-00239030 A whole new spot. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01135-00239030-00239163 There you have it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01136-00239163-00239342 Speaking of that. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01137-00239342-00239466 Speaking of the Success Academy. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01138-00239466-00239826 If you're not a Success Academy member yet, why not? 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01139-00239826-00240060 Now is the perfect time. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01140-00240060-00240219 Take your business seriously. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01141-00240219-00240465 You didn't learn plumbing in a day, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01142-00240465-00240590 you were taught plumbing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01143-00240716-00240986 Let us give you the shortcut, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01144-00240986-00241266 to making that plumbing business, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01145-00241266-00241425 to learn the business of plumbing. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01146-00241425-00241508 Lots of like bombs. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01147-00241508-00241780 Thanks guys, get yourselves to love bombs. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01148-00241780-00241922 It's all laid out there for you. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01149-00241922-00242116 I've made it simple for you to understand 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01150-00242116-00242401 because I made it simple for me to understand. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01151-00242401-00242531 It's all laid out there for you. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01152-00242531-00242698 You do these things, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01153-00242698-00242860 you will be in a whole another spot 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01154-00242860-00243033 this time next year. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01155-00243033-00243263 And right now you can still check it out for free. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01156-00243263-00243387 I'm gonna keep that there. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01157-00243387-00243486 I know they've been saying to take it out. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01158-00243486-00243741 I'm gonna keep it free. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01159-00243741-00243903 I want you to try it, I want it to free. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01160-00243903-00244071 Simply type "Free" in the comments 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01161-00244071-00244235 or "Success" in the comments. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01162-00244235-00244323 Success! 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01163-00244323-00244423 Success in the comments. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01164-00244423-00244766 Or go to themilliondollarplumber.com/success. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01165-00244766-00244867 Become a member, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01166-00244867-00244996 there we have it. Today, do it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01167-00244996-00245133 Hey, before I let you go, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01168-00245133-00245216 as always, I wanna remind you 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01169-00245216-00245375 that you are purposely and wonderfully created, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01170-00245375-00245584 and you were created to do great things and to be dangerous. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01171-00245584-00245746 So be dangerous, man. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01172-00245746-00246029 And as always, live like a champion. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01173-00246029-00246256 Thank you for tuning in to "Potty Talk LIVE" 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01174-00246256-00246530 with Richard Behney, the Million Dollar Plumber. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01175-00246530-00246786 If you enjoyed the show, share it now. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01176-00246786-00246876 Just do it. 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01177-00246876-00247004 To catch past episodes 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01178-00247004-00247190 and get alerts for new episodes, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01179-00247190-00247356 turn notifications on now 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01180-00247356-00247592 and join us again for more tips, techniques, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01181-00247592-00247680 and strategies, 4A-HeDgHWyQ-01182-00247680-00247913 to help you grow your plumbing business. 4AEsopQBHY8-00000-00001616-00001932 ឆ្នាំនេះម៉ាក់សុំចង់ឲ្យខ្ញុំមានស្នេហា 4AEsopQBHY8-00001-00002029-00002355 តែដូចមិនស្រួលព្រោះអត់មានលក់នៅក្នុងទីផ្សារ 4AEsopQBHY8-00002-00002443-00002766 ចិត្តគិតក្បាល់ងក់តែដូចមិនស្រួលនៅក្នុងឱរា 4AEsopQBHY8-00003-00002796-00003182 ខ្លាចគេបោកស្នេហា ខ្លាចខ្ញុំចេះហូរនេត្រា 4AEsopQBHY8-00004-00003260-00003699 Oh city girl ធ្វើឲ្យបងឆេះឈួលនៅក្នុងភ្លើងស្នេហ៍ 4AEsopQBHY8-00005-00004091-00004566 ទើបចូលដល់ក្រុងបើសិនជាអូនស្មាក់ចិត្តជួយបកប្រែ 4AEsopQBHY8-00006-00004894-00005460 ក្នុងមួយចំណោមឃើញដូចជាអូនចែងចាំងshineខុសគេ 4AEsopQBHY8-00007-00005704-00006313 បើសិនជាអូនរត់ទៅឆ្ងាយ 4AEsopQBHY8-00008-00006314-00006561 ក៏មិនឲ្យអូនផុតពីភ្នែក 4AEsopQBHY8-00009-00006716-00007112 Oh baby girl you perfect តាំងពីសក់ក្បាលដល់ចង្កេះ 4AEsopQBHY8-00010-00007112-00007491 the way u looks the way you walk 4AEsopQBHY8-00011-00007529-00007930 Oh baby girl you perfect កាន់អីមិនជាប់ចង់របេះ 4AEsopQBHY8-00012-00007936-00008299 u got me stress the way you talk 4AEsopQBHY8-00013-00008339-00008721 Shawty អេីយអូនស្អាតៗដូចជាCinderella 4AEsopQBHY8-00014-00008729-00009133 Shawty អូនដូចសមនិងបងមិនមែនសមនិងតាៗ 4AEsopQBHY8-00015-00009141-00009544 កុំទុកអោយបងនៅខូចចិត្ត​ តាមមេីលអូនដូចកូនស្វា 4AEsopQBHY8-00016-00009551-00009948 ផ្ដោះផ្ដងពាក្យសម្ដីបានទេBaby បងញ័រឱរ៉ា 4AEsopQBHY8-00017-00009960-00010361 ឲ្យបងញ័រឱរា ចងឲ្យអូនគៀកស្មាយ៉ាងមិចមិនដឹងទេ 4AEsopQBHY8-00018-00010361-00010761 បងអត់មានដុល្លា មានត្រឹមតែលុយរៀលអូនយកទេ 4AEsopQBHY8-00019-00010761-00011186 អត់មានផ្កាកុលាប មានតែផ្កាក្រដាស់អូនយកទេ 4AEsopQBHY8-00020-00011186-00011651 បងសួរដល់ម៉ាក់ប៉ា យកផ្កាស្លា ឫមួយយកនំcake 4AEsopQBHY8-00021-00013237-00013627 បងមកពីនាយសៀមរាបcityអង្គរវត្តឡូយហេ 4AEsopQBHY8-00022-00013627-00014007 ចង់ស្គាល់ជាន់ដីpp​ពេលនេះ​ បានជួបមាសមេ 4AEsopQBHY8-00023-00014036-00014423 អាចថាយេីងជាគូរ uh uh I want u let's me knowទូរសព្ទ័លេខ 4AEsopQBHY8-00024-00014436-00014838 ផ្លូវឆ្ងាយអោយបងហត់កាយតែចិត្តមិនណាយព្រោះតែអូនល្អពេក 4AEsopQBHY8-00025-00014853-00014933 Yeah We Back in the city 4AEsopQBHY8-00026-00014933-00015133 ឃើញបងដើរសប្បាយកុំគិតថាបងព្រាននារី 4AEsopQBHY8-00027-00015133-00015414 យូរៗម្តងម្កាលចូលក្រុង រាំវងwith my homie 4AEsopQBHY8-00028-00015446-00015675 ឃើញអូនទន់ភ្លន់មើលយូរក៏មិនណយ ដូចគ្នា 4AEsopQBHY8-00029-00015681-00015780 ដាក់ឲ្យត្រូវវេលា 4AEsopQBHY8-00030-00015780-00015875 មិនចាំបាច់សន្ទនា 4AEsopQBHY8-00031-00015875-00016075 let get in madizon disco yeah let hop in 4AEsopQBHY8-00032-00016083-00016283 ឫក៏ចង់ភ្ជាប់និស័យឲពេញលេញ 4AEsopQBHY8-00033-00016292-00016492 បើសិនបេះដូងអូនដាក់លក់ទុកឲ្យរូបបងជាអ្នកទិញ 4AEsopQBHY8-00034-00016680-00016880 Oh baby girl you perfect 4AEsopQBHY8-00035-00016880-00017080 តាំងពីសក់ក្បាលដល់ចង្កេះ 4AEsopQBHY8-00036-00017092-00017475 the way u looks the way you walk 4AEsopQBHY8-00037-00017485-00017711 Oh baby girl you perfect 4AEsopQBHY8-00038-00017713-00017913 កាន់អីមិនជាប់ចង់របេះ 4AEsopQBHY8-00039-00017919-00018278 u got me stress the way you talk 4AEsopQBHY8-00040-00018289-00018685 Shawty អេីយអូនស្អាតៗដូចជាCinderella 4AEsopQBHY8-00041-00018696-00019094 Shawty អូនដូចសមនិងបងមិនមែនសមនិងតាៗ 4AEsopQBHY8-00042-00019100-00019500 កុំទុកអោយបងនៅខូចចិត្ត​ តាមមេីលអូនដូចកូនស្វា 4AEsopQBHY8-00043-00019505-00019922 ផ្ដោះផ្ដងពាក្យសម្ដីបានទេBabi បងញ័រឱរ៉ា 4AEsopQBHY8-00044-00019929-00020315 ឲ្យបងញ័រឱរា ចងឲ្យអូនគៀកស្មាយ៉ាងមិចមិនដឹងទេ 4AEsopQBHY8-00045-00020326-00020700 បងអត់មានដុលា មានត្រឹមតែលុយរៀលអូនយកទេ 4AEsopQBHY8-00046-00020709-00021122 អត់មានផ្កាកុលាប មានតែផ្កាក្រដាស់អូនយកទេ 4AEsopQBHY8-00047-00021132-00021617 បងសួរដល់ម៉ាក់ប៉ា យកផ្កាស្លា ឫមួយយកនំcake 4AEsopQBHY8-00048-00021622-00021995 ទុកផ្លូវមួយអោយបងបានទេ​សុំចូលបេះដូងជីវ៉ា 4AEsopQBHY8-00049-00022003-00022433 សុំលេីសពីមិត្តបេីតាមបងដឹងmaybe រូបអូនក៏ឯកា 4AEsopQBHY8-00050-00022440-00022800 បងក៏មិនអន់រូបរាងសម្រស់អាចរាប់បញ្ចូលថាសង្ហា 4AEsopQBHY8-00051-00022809-00023234 មេឃក៏ត្រជាក់តែបេីបានពីរនាក់វាកក់ក្ដៅបងមិនចេះតែថា 4AEsopQBHY8-00052-00023239-00023607 សម្រស់អូនអោយបងវង្ងេងដូចជាត្រូវមន្តគាថា 4AEsopQBHY8-00053-00023632-00024000 Ohh girl u stuck in my mind​ អីយ៉ាស់អីយ៉ា 4AEsopQBHY8-00054-00024066-00024443 កែខៃញ៉ោះញ៉ងតាមតន្រី្ត​មានរាសីដូចហោរាបានថា 4AEsopQBHY8-00055-00024462-00024849 ទោះកុលាបបងវាក្រឡិតអូនអាចមកជិតវាអត់មានបន្លា 4AEsopQBHY8-00056-00024868-00025068 Oh baby girl you perfect 4AEsopQBHY8-00057-00025080-00025280 Oh baby girl you perfect 4AEsopQBHY8-00058-00025293-00025472 Oh baby girl you perfect 4AEsopQBHY8-00059-00025472-00025672 Hmmmmmmm 4AEsopQBHY8-00060-00025694-00025894 Oh baby girl you perfect 4AEsopQBHY8-00061-00025897-00026097 Oh baby girl you perfect 4AEsopQBHY8-00062-00026100-00026286 Oh baby girl you perfect 4AEsopQBHY8-00063-00026286-00026598 Hmmmmmmm 4Ab7iV5ww3Q-00000-00000030-00000570 Welcome back to more Tips for Playing Bed and Minecraft from me Shadow. Here's another weapon 4Ab7iV5ww3Q-00001-00000570-00001152 from the Twilight Forest mod, The Giants Pickax can be obtained by slain. One of the giant miners. 4Ab7iV5ww3Q-00002-00001242-00001692 This pick X can be used to obtain the giant obsidian blocks in the 4Ab7iV5ww3Q-00003-00001692-00002070 obsidian vault underground. If used to mine regular materials, 4Ab7iV5ww3Q-00004-00002070-00002586 the giant's pickax will attempt to mine connected blocks of the same type, just like main mining. 4DmReirGhu4-00000-00000658-00001064 Good morning everyone 4DmReirGhu4-00001-00001064-00001480 and welcome 4DmReirGhu4-00002-00001480-00001621 to 4DmReirGhu4-00003-00001621-00001945 the first Rio Major Vlog! 4DmReirGhu4-00004-00001945-00002271 My name is Jan or DemKobi 4DmReirGhu4-00005-00002271-00002671 It´s early morning right now, 7am and we are about to head to the airport 4DmReirGhu4-00006-00002671-00002985 to take our flight to France 4DmReirGhu4-00007-00002985-00003185 and from France we fly directly to Rio 4DmReirGhu4-00008-00003185-00003555 Have fun with the video guys, see you later 4DmReirGhu4-00010-00003717-00003928 It´s 6:55am by the way 4DmReirGhu4-00011-00003928-00004139 and our taxi is leaving at 7 4DmReirGhu4-00012-00004139-00004459 and none of our players is awake. They are all in the office 4DmReirGhu4-00013-00004459-00004778 GET UP 4DmReirGhu4-00016-00005259-00005508 What´s up guys 4DmReirGhu4-00017-00005650-00005828 Krimbo: Inhuman times 4DmReirGhu4-00018-00005828-00006088 In 14 days the major is won already boys 4DmReirGhu4-00019-00006088-00006358 they are going to be clapping for you at the airport 4DmReirGhu4-00021-00006456-00006573 tabseN: Can you bring blue(?) 4DmReirGhu4-00022-00006573-00006901 If you guys win the major I bring cats 4DmReirGhu4-00026-00008812-00009066 DemKobi: A wonderful morning to you 4DmReirGhu4-00027-00009066-00009326 Oh my fucking god 4DmReirGhu4-00028-00009326-00009574 I wanted to to the intro 4DmReirGhu4-00029-00009574-00009996 and almost got gotten by the wave 4DmReirGhu4-00030-00009996-00010205 I hope this gets into the video 4DmReirGhu4-00031-00010205-00010422 awell just take a walk and look at 4DmReirGhu4-00032-00010422-00010593 from Rio de Janeiro 4DmReirGhu4-00033-00010593-00010810 It´s our first morning here 4DmReirGhu4-00034-00010810-00011195 we just had breakfast and went to the beach to check everything out, that over there 4DmReirGhu4-00035-00011195-00011456 I hope you can see it 4DmReirGhu4-00036-00011456-00011596 is not our hotel 4DmReirGhu4-00037-00011596-00011781 that is our hotel 4DmReirGhu4-00038-00011781-00012036 we´ll walk around and take a look at the area 4DmReirGhu4-00039-00012142-00012255 cheers 4DmReirGhu4-00040-00012255-00012397 here you go Max 4DmReirGhu4-00041-00012397-00012686 What´s that alcoholic Coconut drink called again 4DmReirGhu4-00042-00012686-00012850 Piña colada 4DmReirGhu4-00043-00013192-00013523 We got ourselves some coconut water 4DmReirGhu4-00044-00013523-00013697 a nice coconut 4DmReirGhu4-00045-00013697-00014131 It tastes really good, haven´t had one like that in forever 4DmReirGhu4-00046-00014131-00014453 We even got some nice pulp 4DmReirGhu4-00047-00014453-00014593 very tasty 4DmReirGhu4-00049-00014818-00014949 Yummy yummy 4DmReirGhu4-00052-00015839-00016180 The red line is further away than last time 4DmReirGhu4-00053-00016180-00016349 gob b: I have to hurt someone 4DmReirGhu4-00054-00016349-00016404 Krimbo: Come! 4DmReirGhu4-00055-00016404-00016705 gob b: Nah, I need you tomorrow 4DmReirGhu4-00058-00017427-00017746 gob b: You are going to fuck them, your movement was insane today 4DmReirGhu4-00060-00017978-00018115 Krimbo: Why are we smiling Max 4DmReirGhu4-00061-00018115-00018262 strong 4DmReirGhu4-00062-00018262-00018369 First impression 4DmReirGhu4-00065-00018754-00018874 Quite beautiful actually 4DmReirGhu4-00066-00018874-00019138 especially where we are 4DmReirGhu4-00067-00019138-00019308 I didn´t see much 4DmReirGhu4-00069-00019586-00020051 We´ve only been at the airport 4DmReirGhu4-00070-00020051-00020254 then the car and were let out at the hotel 4DmReirGhu4-00071-00020254-00020492 haven´t seen that much but 4DmReirGhu4-00072-00020492-00020815 it seems like a nice area 4DmReirGhu4-00073-00020815-00021022 the beach looks incredible 4DmReirGhu4-00074-00021022-00021275 This is the break room 4DmReirGhu4-00076-00021642-00021796 How did you do that 4DmReirGhu4-00079-00022640-00022711 I got you 4DmReirGhu4-00080-00022903-00023147 I think I have to somehow finish you 4DmReirGhu4-00082-00023494-00023724 How does this work? You have 0 HP 4DmReirGhu4-00085-00024126-00024226 Oh my god 4DmReirGhu4-00087-00024373-00024702 That´s not fair, I won a long time ago 4DmReirGhu4-00089-00025026-00025153 Let´s go again 4DmReirGhu4-00093-00026645-00027153 My first impression - The hall looks a bit like 4DmReirGhu4-00094-00027153-00027373 the one in Leipzig 4DmReirGhu4-00095-00027373-00027608 when we played DreamHack Leipzig 4DmReirGhu4-00096-00027608-00028026 it´s quite small and we now think about 4DmReirGhu4-00097-00028026-00028338 the amount of Brazilian fans 4DmReirGhu4-00098-00028338-00028504 and how loud they are going to get 4DmReirGhu4-00099-00028504-00028920 and I plan on getting loud, too when we are playing 4DmReirGhu4-00100-00028920-00029271 Finaly on stage at the major 4DmReirGhu4-00101-00029342-00029482 Feels good 4DmReirGhu4-00102-00029482-00029663 I am motivated 4DmReirGhu4-00103-00029663-00029968 It´s bigger than I thought for the group stage 4DmReirGhu4-00104-00029968-00030045 Nice 4DmReirGhu4-00105-00030045-00030609 I think I read somewhere that 4000 people fit in here? 4DmReirGhu4-00106-00030702-00030863 Super cool 4DmReirGhu4-00111-00032769-00032993 Did you do a lot already? Still lots to do? 4DmReirGhu4-00112-00033160-00033241 S1n: Yeah 4DmReirGhu4-00114-00033447-00033873 Did you know that Jehovah's Witnesses don´t celebrate birthdays and christmas? 4DmReirGhu4-00115-00033873-00033944 tabseN: No 4DmReirGhu4-00116-00033944-00034014 Yeah 4DmReirGhu4-00117-00034014-00034183 They don´t celebrate anything 4DmReirGhu4-00120-00034661-00034930 Do you know Jehovah's Witnesses? 4DmReirGhu4-00121-00034930-00035196 gob b: Yeah, but I know nothing about them 4DmReirGhu4-00122-00035196-00035471 It´s true tho, I swear 4DmReirGhu4-00123-00035471-00035594 s1n: You have to film Nils(k1to) 4DmReirGhu4-00125-00036079-00036442 Do you think our friends from GamerLegion want to play Vertigo against us again? 4DmReirGhu4-00126-00036442-00036740 Because we are probably done before them 4DmReirGhu4-00127-00036740-00036791 Yeah 4DmReirGhu4-00128-00036864-00037034 About when? 4DmReirGhu4-00130-00037147-00037696 Look Johannes. When we win here 4DmReirGhu4-00131-00037696-00037814 Which I prophesied 4DmReirGhu4-00132-00037814-00037936 tabseN: Then you fly in Business class 4DmReirGhu4-00133-00037936-00038048 I fly business that´s for sure 4DmReirGhu4-00134-00038048-00038255 but I have an idea. Do you know what we do then? 4DmReirGhu4-00135-00038255-00038336 gob b: Tell me 4DmReirGhu4-00136-00038336-00038469 We all get tattoos 4DmReirGhu4-00137-00038469-00038526 tabseN: Nah 4DmReirGhu4-00138-00038526-00038652 s1n: No way 4DmReirGhu4-00139-00038652-00038799 tabseN: That´s haram 4DmReirGhu4-00141-00038954-00039080 Doesn´t matter 4DmReirGhu4-00142-00039080-00039222 I don´t have internet 4DmReirGhu4-00143-00039222-00039400 We all color our hair 4DmReirGhu4-00144-00039400-00039573 No we are getting tattoos 4DmReirGhu4-00145-00039573-00039623 Nahh 4DmReirGhu4-00146-00039623-00039752 I´ll ask later, okay? 4DmReirGhu4-00147-00039752-00039983 What tattoo are you getting? 4DmReirGhu4-00148-00039983-00040141 I want one on my arm, but the whole arm 4DmReirGhu4-00149-00040141-00040315 What do you want tattooed? 4DmReirGhu4-00150-00040315-00040558 Don´t say something wrong 4DmReirGhu4-00151-00040558-00040896 You win the major, what tattoo are you getting 4DmReirGhu4-00152-00040896-00041139 Well, isn´t it obvious? 4DmReirGhu4-00153-00041139-00041324 Three letters 4DmReirGhu4-00154-00041324-00041392 Rio 4DmReirGhu4-00155-00041392-00041457 What? 4DmReirGhu4-00156-00041457-00041595 He said Rio! 4DmReirGhu4-00157-00041595-00041824 I don´t know man 4DmReirGhu4-00159-00042681-00042953 We´ll just take it game after game 4DmReirGhu4-00160-00043057-00043213 come here 4DmReirGhu4-00162-00043562-00043817 Three letters and he sais Rio 4DmReirGhu4-00163-00043974-00044210 gob b: Do you know Twistens tattoo? 4DmReirGhu4-00164-00044210-00044375 He has "Twisten" written here 4DmReirGhu4-00165-00044375-00044551 s1n: Ah yeah. I know that one 4DmReirGhu4-00166-00044551-00044695 gob b: It looks sick 4DmReirGhu4-00167-00044937-00045100 They have that kiss kiss 4DmReirGhu4-00168-00045100-00045220 kiss kiss? 4DmReirGhu4-00169-00045220-00045326 Yeah that´s that 4DmReirGhu4-00170-00045647-00045768 Do you know that? 4DmReirGhu4-00173-00046460-00046558 That one, right? 4DmReirGhu4-00174-00046558-00046637 Exactly 4DmReirGhu4-00175-00046637-00046781 Sing 4DmReirGhu4-00176-00046781-00046858 I can´t 4DmReirGhu4-00177-00046858-00046937 Come on 4DmReirGhu4-00178-00046937-00047018 Nahh 4DmReirGhu4-00179-00047018-00047102 Come on man 4DmReirGhu4-00180-00047102-00047208 Ey Denzel 4DmReirGhu4-00181-00047208-00047293 Denzel 4DmReirGhu4-00182-00047293-00047511 he knows a turkish song 4DmReirGhu4-00184-00047875-00047975 sing 4DmReirGhu4-00185-00047975-00048074 What kiss? 4DmReirGhu4-00187-00048375-00048425 That one? 4DmReirGhu4-00188-00048425-00048475 Yeah 4DmReirGhu4-00189-00048475-00048555 sing it 4DmReirGhu4-00190-00048555-00048677 I can´t sing that 4DmReirGhu4-00191-00048774-00048926 Why can´t he sing that? 4DmReirGhu4-00192-00048926-00049048 Why would I be able to? 4DmReirGhu4-00195-00049410-00049575 Strong, on video 4DmReirGhu4-00197-00051262-00051550 That was it with the video guys, it´s 4DmReirGhu4-00198-00051550-00051900 9.30pm and I am completely done 4DmReirGhu4-00199-00051900-00052062 jetlag still kicking a bit 4DmReirGhu4-00200-00052062-00052252 We are going to play against Furia tomorrow morning 4DmReirGhu4-00201-00052252-00052729 a Brazilian team. Let´s see how that´s going to be. It´ll definitely get loud in the arena 4DmReirGhu4-00202-00052729-00053089 Thank you for watching. Don´t forget to like, subscribe 4DmReirGhu4-00203-00053089-00053200 and ring the bell. 4DmReirGhu4-00204-00053200-00053438 We´ll see each other in the next video. GoBIG 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00000-00000442-00000972 Hi my name is Maurice Cyr and I'm in the associates degree program for paralegal studies. 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00001-00000972-00001668 I decided to come to college back in 2008 at the down turn of the economy unfortunately 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00002-00001668-00002435 I was one of the people laid off in my company I ended up going to the workforce development 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00003-00002435-00003071 office here in Fall River, and they actually connected me with Bristol community college 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00004-00003071-00003557 and got me enrolled in the office technology management program. 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00005-00003557-00004213 Civic engagement just has been a great opportunity for me personally because I've always tried 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00006-00004213-00004518 to be involved with my community. 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00007-00004518-00005251 My experience with the mobile market has really made me think about my community and about 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00008-00005251-00006105 the people in the community when I first began attending BCC I found myself on the receiving 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00009-00006105-00007019 end of the food bank it's just a wonderful experience to know that each month were helping 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00010-00007019-00007636 the college is helping over a thousand people receive food on a monthly basis. 4EC5Ltc0xZY-00011-00007636-00008134 I don't think it's anything special what I do I just do what I do. 4HbkGwzz42k-00000-00000000-00000254 deconstuct whats inside of meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 4HbkGwzz42k-00001-00000254-00000600 u all i wanna see before i goooooooooooooooooooooo 4HbkGwzz42k-00002-00000850-00001104 DADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADA 4HbkGwzz42k-00003-00001104-00001154 duuuuu 4HbkGwzz42k-00004-00001154-00001314 dadadadadadadadadadadadada 4HbkGwzz42k-00005-00001314-00001364 sOOEE 4HbkGwzz42k-00006-00001364-00001816 do i really have to caption this 4HbkGwzz42k-00007-00001816-00002064 DADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADAD da DADADADADADADADADA 4HbkGwzz42k-00008-00002064-00002114 duuuuu 4HbkGwzz42k-00009-00002114-00002280 d a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a d a 4HbkGwzz42k-00010-00002286-00002366 dudududududu 4HbkGwzz42k-00011-00002366-00002416 da 4HbkGwzz42k-00012-00002416-00002520 dadadadadadadadadadadadda 4HbkGwzz42k-00013-00002536-00002664 du dadad du dadad du 4HbkGwzz42k-00014-00002664-00003086 thx for watch if u see this comment potato to confuse the normies that didnt use captions bye 4Occ0PywkVI-00000-00000000-00001976 [Sottotitoli a cura di Irene "Lunachiara"] 4Occ0PywkVI-00001-00002022-00003144 Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome back to the channel, with our usual weekly appointment. Keyforge is a card game where you buy a deck directly, which can be 4Occ0PywkVI-00002-00003144-00004545 played immediately, containing the beauty of 37 cards that will form the only one you will hold in your hands. Now, unlike all the other Trading Card Games, where by buying 4Occ0PywkVI-00003-00004545-00005850 a Sachet you usually get an assortment of fifteen cards for Magic, ten for Pokemon, and nine for Yu-gi-ho, just to name three of the most popular games, such as already 4Occ0PywkVI-00004-00005850-00007116 said, in our game of Unique Decks in the world, having almost forty cards every time you buy a pack, will cause the exponential increase of space occupied by the latter, 4Occ0PywkVI-00005-00007116-00008500 which will risk invading any corner of your home. In fact, one of the questions that I have been asked the most in recent times is: Archon, but once I have purchased a 4Occ0PywkVI-00006-00008500-00009632 considerable number of decks, how am I going to have them all arranged on one side without occupying a space that I could use for another? Before answering this 4Occ0PywkVI-00007-00009632-00010872 question, Small information service: Sunday 5 September, starting at 3.00 pm, the Keyforge city tournament will take place here in L'Aquila, Abruzzo’s capital city, during 4Occ0PywkVI-00008-00010872-00012128 the "On the Traces of the Dragon" event, the comic book fair. In the description I will leave you all the useful information to learn more. I’ll be waiting you. And now, let's 4Occ0PywkVI-00009-00012128-00013214 discover together, through four solutions, how to best preserve your Keyforge collection. Let's take a look! 4Occ0PywkVI-00010-00013440-00015154 In the beginning, I personally started storing my personal decks in traditional card binders. But…. After buying several, I soon realized that it would not really be a solution, 4Occ0PywkVI-00011-00015154-00016707 firstly economic and secondly space-saving. So, I finally decided to keep among the nine-pocket pages, only the decks of the leaderboard, having the latter, specific cards 4Occ0PywkVI-00012-00016707-00017765 with different images from the originals we are used to. In an upcoming video I will talk about it in more detail. 4Occ0PywkVI-00013-00017911-00019252 So, I was back at square one. In search of a way that, however, did not take long to arrive. In fact, the first solution I am about to propose to you will not only be found, 4Occ0PywkVI-00014-00019252-00020427 hypothetically at no cost, but will most likely already be present somewhere in your home. What am I talking about? Let's find out together ... 4Occ0PywkVI-00015-00020664-00021709 In fact, a simple shoe box can be a valid substitute for any other system on the market. 4Occ0PywkVI-00016-00021709-00022920 Taking for example a classic package, a maximum of approximately seventy-nine Uniques can be placed inside. 4Occ0PywkVI-00017-00023159-00024391 However, looking at how the cards are placed, it will be highly likely that confusion will arise. What do I mean ... Between one row and another, for example, there is absolutely 4Occ0PywkVI-00018-00024391-00025785 nothing that delimits a boundary. A clear dividing line that can separate the various piles. This lack will not only allow the cards to mix with each other when you move the 4Occ0PywkVI-00019-00025785-00026948 box, sometimes creating considerable inconvenience, but will also lead in the long run to damage the individual units of the Unique, which I want to remember well, could 4Occ0PywkVI-00020-00026948-00028368 invalidate the use of the whole deck. How then? Will it be necessary to be extremely careful every time the entire box is moved? No fear ... as a remedy, there is a simple 4Occ0PywkVI-00021-00028368-00028959 solution that will take a few seconds to implement. 4Occ0PywkVI-00022-00029216-00030163 Using simple A4 sheets of paper, you can create your own homemade dividers. 4Occ0PywkVI-00023-00030214-00030763 Just fold the sheet in half on the long part, 4Occ0PywkVI-00024-00032110-00033748 and finally take the measurements for the containment fold. The latter will ensure that each card included in a specific row will not risk mixing with cards from other rows. 4Occ0PywkVI-00025-00034079-00035345 If the sheet is not long enough to cover the entire size of the box, simply repeat the creation process with a second sheet and incorporate it into the first, 4Occ0PywkVI-00026-00035345-00035925 so as to increase its dimensions as far as is enough. 4Occ0PywkVI-00027-00037147-00038349 It's a little trick that even when I was a young Pokemon player, saved the integrity of many cards, which I still have available for the Extended format. 4Occ0PywkVI-00028-00038349-00039337 Let's now move on to the second solution that you can find directly from your trusted comic shop. 4Occ0PywkVI-00029-00039528-00040674 The box originally containing the competitive seasons, and the one dedicated to the Ombre kit, will lend themselves excellently to the storage of decks. 4Occ0PywkVI-00030-00040674-00041887 Each of them will contain a maximum of approximately thirty-three decks respectively for the competitive seasons box, 4Occ0PywkVI-00031-00042899-00043720 and an approximate maximum of sixty Unique for that of the Shadows kit. 4Occ0PywkVI-00032-00044159-00045198 I recommend to be cautious regarding Keyforge containers, these to be clear, because... 4Occ0PywkVI-00033-00045500-00046595 Having the closing tabs inside the package, which do not fit into special slots, you risk damaging the cards. 4Occ0PywkVI-00034-00046636-00047500 The advice I can give you is not to fill to maximum capacity, but to leave a small space for movement, 4Occ0PywkVI-00035-00047500-00048267 to facilitate you not only in closing, but also in extracting any unique items. 4Occ0PywkVI-00036-00048453-00050008 Being, as you have seen, a row of cards, it will still be difficult at first try to recover any deck. Well, there is a solution that will also obviate this request. 4Occ0PywkVI-00037-00050298-00051228 Since the Identity card is the most representative unit of the deck, you just need to provide yourself with a protective sleeve. 4Occ0PywkVI-00038-00051228-00052513 Once the card has been bagged, there will be nothing left to do but rejoin it with the entire Unico, to thus have a final result such as to create an optimal glance, 4Occ0PywkVI-00039-00052513-00053327 able to make you recover any deck of your own in the simplest possible way. collection. 4Occ0PywkVI-00040-00053485-00054538 This little trick can also be used with the shoe box, and with any other container that can accommodate protective bags. 4Occ0PywkVI-00041-00054538-00056065 Ask your trusted merchants if they have boxes like the ones just covered that are no longer used. In that case, you will have a good container, branded Keyforge, where you 4Occ0PywkVI-00042-00056065-00057071 can keep your Unique. We now pass to the third solution, which is also the most ordinary. 4Occ0PywkVI-00043-00057350-00058500 The classic white storage box has been specially designed and created to best contain a large amount of cards. 4Occ0PywkVI-00044-00058542-00059473 Inside it can be included a maximum approximate number of one hundred and sixteen decks. 4Occ0PywkVI-00045-00059661-00060966 There is little to say about this package. It is, I believe, the best known in any area involving Trading Card Games, given that they can be found in large numbers in any 4Occ0PywkVI-00046-00060966-00062273 comic shop. Then there are different formats, three, two and single channel, and colors that vary in an infinite spectrum. As for the one you have just seen, I thank 4Occ0PywkVI-00047-00062273-00063583 Stefano from Winterfell, you will find the link of the Facebook page in description, for having made it available to the video. To be able to find it instead… eh… it turns out to 4Occ0PywkVI-00048-00063583-00064646 be quite difficult to have it at affordable prices. The value of this item changes depending on who says they bought it. In the description I will leave you the link of the 4Occ0PywkVI-00049-00064646-00065843 cheapest I found on the market, with the only difference from the one shown in this video, which will be single channel. If you want to opt for the four-row one instead, you 4Occ0PywkVI-00050-00065843-00066959 can also ask Stefano di Winterfell where he bought it. In the description, however, I will leave you another link, where you can find it at rather affordable prices. 4Occ0PywkVI-00051-00066959-00068038 Leave me a comment instead, if you have found opportunities that may be useful to those who intend to buy this product, so as to increase the possibility of choice 4Occ0PywkVI-00052-00068038-00069297 according to their needs. Let's now move on to the last option that was proposed on the Telegram channel of the Keyforge Network, as always the link in the description, 4Occ0PywkVI-00053-00069297-00070408 where Cristiano Erente proposed a solution, nothing less than a native of the most famous furniture manufacturer in the world. 4Occ0PywkVI-00054-00070672-00071840 The MOPPE mini-chest of drawers from the Ikea shelves seems to have been created specifically to hold standard-size Cards. 4Occ0PywkVI-00055-00071900-00073335 Having six shelves where you can store your entire collection, a maximum approximate number of two hundred six decks can be contained inside. 4Occ0PywkVI-00056-00076665-00077860 Unfortunately in this article, there will be limitations, which in any case will not create problems for those who use it, such as not being able to delimit the various decks with 4Occ0PywkVI-00057-00077860-00078808 the protective sleeve, since physically speaking, it will then be difficult to close the drawers, but in this case in the specific ... 4Occ0PywkVI-00058-00078808-00079596 a simple piece of paper can solve any problem related to this problem. 4Occ0PywkVI-00059-00079870-00081000 In fact, the sachets will come out of the little that will hinder the closing, going, if you force the drawer, to damage the identity card of your Unique. 4Occ0PywkVI-00060-00081753-00083007 Instead, by using a simple white piece of paper, you can remedy the lack of division with an economical solution, which will absolutely not damage either the closing 4Occ0PywkVI-00061-00083007-00083574 mechanism or the contents of the drawer. 4Occ0PywkVI-00062-00084151-00085695 Moppe is available in every Ikea in your city at an approximate cost of € 19.95 for the larger format. Then follow the medium, with an indicative cost of € 17, and the smaller 4Occ0PywkVI-00063-00085695-00086967 version with an indicative cost of € 12. In the description I will leave you the link to the web page, where you can choose the Moppe that will suit you best. 4Occ0PywkVI-00064-00087209-00088067 So in summary, here is a summary screen for each product covered in this video. 4Occ0PywkVI-00065-00088067-00089288 Please note and always remember that placing your Unique items fully loaded within each of these products will not allow you freedom of movement, 4Occ0PywkVI-00066-00089288-00090018 useful for retrieving any deck in a simple and accessible way. 4Occ0PywkVI-00067-00090192-00091316 Having a place dedicated to your decks that you are not currently using, will be able to safeguard your entire collection of cards in the best possible way, allowing you to 4Occ0PywkVI-00068-00091316-00092746 retrieve any Unique, at any time, ready to be played in the different tournament formats that are foreseen in Keyforge. Soon, a 2.0 video will arrive here on the channel, 4Occ0PywkVI-00069-00092746-00093893 which will talk about it in more detail. Furthermore, all the solutions that have been covered will be equally valid for those who play Magic, Pokemon, Yu-Gi-Ho, Flash And 4Occ0PywkVI-00070-00093893-00095084 Blood, Dragon Ball, Force of Will, Vanguard and many other T.C.G. Standard or Japanese format, and will represent, in my personal opinion, the number one choices 4Occ0PywkVI-00071-00095084-00096224 for preserving your entire collection of cards in the best possible way, from external agents that would compromise its integrity. And you, which of these solutions have 4Occ0PywkVI-00072-00096224-00097273 you adopted or will you adopt? Let me know your opinion on the matter in the comments, or if you have chosen a system that was not mentioned in this video, so as 4Occ0PywkVI-00073-00097273-00098665 to extend the range of possible modes to the entire community, which you can select according to your needs. I hope that you liked the video, before saying goodbye I invite 4Occ0PywkVI-00074-00098665-00099946 you to subscribe to the channel, activate the bell, so as not to miss the publication of new videos, like and comment or share this content with your friends. In addition, in 4Occ0PywkVI-00075-00099946-00101190 the description you will find the wiki and the page of keyforge Italy with all the cards updated to Dark Tidings, which can be useful when during a game there will be some 4Occ0PywkVI-00076-00101190-00102137 doubts about how to solve some effects. In fact, for each card there will be a dedicated section where you will find the answers you are looking for. 4Occ0PywkVI-00077-00102137-00102459 Thank you for being in my company, 4Occ0PywkVI-00078-00102459-00102783 see you in the next video! [Sottotitoli a cura di Irene "Lunachiara"] 4VsOmY3KUT4-00001-00036352-00036652 t 4VsOmY3KUT4-00002-00038824-00039147 thank you 4VM2DGWDZHA-00000-00000269-00001028 Hello Everybody, I am testing closed captions, so i can see if 4VM2DGWDZHA-00001-00001028-00001512 the automatic closed caption feature still works. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00000-00000498-00000946 Really, the less we know about spirituality, 4WRBIYMjE-4-00001-00000946-00001106 is actually the better. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00002-00001106-00001364 Because I know many people who are Catholic, 4WRBIYMjE-4-00003-00001364-00001750 who have been raised Catholic, and they had a heck of a time with "A Course in Miracles!" 4WRBIYMjE-4-00004-00001788-00002310 Because the definitions that Jesus was bringing forth in the Course were so different. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00005-00002310-00002570 Atonement had a whole different meaning. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00006-00002592-00002866 And sin had a whole different meaning. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00007-00002866-00003254 And the Holy Spirit had a whole different meaning. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00008-00003254-00003929 They were like, "Ohhh! Now I've got to unlearn my entire associations with all these words, 4WRBIYMjE-4-00009-00003929-00004236 and learn new meanings." 4WRBIYMjE-4-00010-00004236-00004532 Like, He's using these words to point me in a new direction. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00011-00004594-00004932 And so, to the extent that you've got a lot of 4WRBIYMjE-4-00012-00004932-00005502 past learning, and even past associations around spirituality, those will be the inhibitors. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00013-00005544-00005968 Because He wants to unwind the mind from what you 4WRBIYMjE-4-00014-00005968-00006342 have learned before in the past, and take you 4WRBIYMjE-4-00015-00006342-00006559 into what Buddha called, "Emptying the mind." 4WRBIYMjE-4-00016-00006559-00006798 Jesus is doing the same thing. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00017-00006798-00007028 Some of you might remember Lesson 189: 4WRBIYMjE-4-00018-00007028-00007544 "Simply do this: Be still, and lay aside all thoughts of what you are and what God is...." 4WRBIYMjE-4-00019-00007544-00007770 It sounds very Buddhist. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00020-00007770-00008109 Jesus and Buddha are both on the same wavelength. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00021-00008109-00008420 They're saying the same thing. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00022-00008420-00008712 You know, come inside. Let go. 4WRBIYMjE-4-00023-00008712-00009212 Let go. Release. Keep coming. Build your faith. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00000-00000008-00000240 Genshin Impact is a fun but farm-intensive game! 4YQuzU0Msw4-00001-00000360-00000800 Whether you're a free-to-play or premium player, everyone tries to take advantage of the different 4YQuzU0Msw4-00002-00000800-00001042 avenues where free items can be obtained. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00003-00001042-00001261 One such avenue is the Spiral Abyss. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00004-00001285-00001848 But a lot of people, especially from the free-to-play community, have hit a wall at floor 11 chamber 2. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00005-00001848-00002070 This was also me not too long ago... 4YQuzU0Msw4-00006-00002070-00002270 In this video, I'll be equipping you with a know how 4YQuzU0Msw4-00007-00002272-00002754 so that you can also achieve the riches that await you at the end of the abyss 4YQuzU0Msw4-00008-00003336-00003986 Alright, guys... before we begin, let me just say that the AI of these monsters are scripted tobehave in a certain way. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00009-00004013-00004523 Once you understand thisbehavior, then you'll be that much closer to beingable to clear this floor. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00010-00004523-00005032 Both the Rock ShieldHilichurl and the Blazing Axe Mitachurl are programmed to attack the monolith. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00011-00005032-00005400 These guys are scripted to attack you, so you can ignore them, for the most part. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00012-00005400-00005862 The first pyro archerwill be after the monolith, so it's imperative that you take it out quickly. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00013-00005862-00006039 The preceding ones willbe after you. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00014-00006039-00006536 Conversely, the first electro archer will be after you. While the others will targetthe monolith. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00015-00006649-00007147 Believe it or not, the Anemo MC willbe the most important character on your first team... 4YQuzU0Msw4-00016-00007147-00007439 since his anemo attacks can draw the enemy's aggro. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00017-00007456-00007761 It's important that you get his burst in the previous chamber... 4YQuzU0Msw4-00018-00007761-00008330 With this tornado, you can blastaway the Rock Shield Hilichurls that spawned by the monolith and receive their aggro. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00019-00009176-00009600 While the enemies have been distanced from the monolith, take out the first Pyro Hilichurl 4YQuzU0Msw4-00020-00009600-00009914 and proceed to defeating the Stone Shield Hilichurls right afterwards. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00021-00011784-00012284 Try to get the aggro of the Stone Shield Hilichurls that spawned after you defeat the first wave. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00022-00012284-00012600 And also try to refrain from standing too close to the monolith 4YQuzU0Msw4-00023-00012600-00012863 or the archers may end up hitting it involuntarily. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00024-00015072-00015344 Now that the Stone Shield Hilichurls are gone get the 4YQuzU0Msw4-00025-00015344-00015608 aggro off the Blazing Axe Mitachurl and take it out! 4YQuzU0Msw4-00026-00018849-00019423 Finally, choose one of the archers to deal with first, and then take out all theothers that spawn in his wake. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00027-00026360-00026648 Both Treasure Hoarders will be after the monolith. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00028-00026648-00027038 The Fatui Magewill attack you, but her minions will go after the monolith. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00029-00033712-00034016 The shovel-guy is pretty much harmless. Ignore him. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00030-00034016-00034500 The other hulk-looking Treasure Hoarders will be after the monolith. Take them down first. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00031-00034500-00034972 The Fatui Agent will be after you, but be sure not to put the monolith between you two. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00032-00042408-00042563 And that pretty much wrapsit up, guys! 4YQuzU0Msw4-00033-00042563-00042853 This floor can be done without Ventior sucrose. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00034-00042853-00043330 And even a free-to-play gamer was able to complete it, once he understood the monsters' behavior. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00035-00043330-00043680 I stream five days a week on Facebook, so be sure to check that out, if you're interested. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00036-00043680-00043812 Links in the description! 4YQuzU0Msw4-00037-00043812-00044054 If you have anything toadd, drop a comment down below. 4YQuzU0Msw4-00038-00044054-00044455 And, if this video helped you out in any way, definitely smash thatlike button! 4YQuzU0Msw4-00039-00044455-00044641 And consider subscribing for future content! 4YQuzU0Msw4-00040-00044641-00044896 This is Devon! You have been watchingThe Feelz! 4YQuzU0Msw4-00041-00044896-00045053 And I will catch you on the next one... 4YQuzU0Msw4-00042-00045053-00045103 Later! 4eWl8a6UZTk-00000-00000000-00000375 Jaclyn hill is still taking a much-needed social media break after all 4eWl8a6UZTk-00001-00000375-00000855 of the drama and controversy surrounding her lipsticks and in this video we're 4eWl8a6UZTk-00002-00000855-00001959 gonna be talking about a very important subject that all of us can learn from 4eWl8a6UZTk-00003-00001993-00002493 what is up everybody this is Chris from the rewired soul where we talk about the 4eWl8a6UZTk-00004-00002493-00002850 problem but focus on the solution and if you're new to my channel what I try to 4eWl8a6UZTk-00005-00002850-00003180 do is take different topics from the YouTube community try to see what 4eWl8a6UZTk-00006-00003180-00003623 lessons we can pull to improve our own mental and emotional well-being so if 4eWl8a6UZTk-00007-00003623-00003911 you're into that stuff make sure you subscribe and ring that notification 4eWl8a6UZTk-00008-00003911-00004311 bell and do me a favor follow me on Instagram and Twitter because I have 4eWl8a6UZTk-00009-00004311-00004917 been working also so hard on my new book rewriting your anxiety I am one chapter 4eWl8a6UZTk-00010-00004917-00005294 away from finishing the audio book my editor Zack he has been editing the crap 4eWl8a6UZTk-00011-00005294-00005835 out of it so the audio book as well as the e-book will be out this weekend 4eWl8a6UZTk-00012-00005835-00006194 that's a phone on social media I'm already giving away 23 copies and I will 4eWl8a6UZTk-00013-00006194-00006665 be doing more giveaways and all that alright anyways so let's talk real quick 4eWl8a6UZTk-00014-00006665-00007206 I was actually watching the part 2 of the Spill video about the Jaclyn hill 4eWl8a6UZTk-00015-00007206-00007706 thing and real quick real quick note like if you if you're somebody who isn't 4eWl8a6UZTk-00016-00007706-00008129 coming to my videos to learn how to improve yourself like if you're into 4eWl8a6UZTk-00017-00008129-00008703 like just the tea and everything like my favorite channel is spill alright like 4eWl8a6UZTk-00018-00008703-00009072 her videos I've been getting longer and longer I'm like oh like last night I'm 4eWl8a6UZTk-00019-00009072-00009438 like are you really gonna tell me anything new but it is just so well 4eWl8a6UZTk-00020-00009438-00009864 organized and covers so many different angles like there are excellent videos 4eWl8a6UZTk-00021-00009864-00010211 but if you're watching this you've probably already heard of spill Bay 4eWl8a6UZTk-00022-00010211-00010664 anyways I wanna I want to put a disclaimer out there like this isn't a 4eWl8a6UZTk-00023-00010664-00011172 hate video about Jaclyn hill like Jaclyn hill took a step back I had some people 4eWl8a6UZTk-00024-00011172-00011564 mention that in previous controversies like her mental health was severely 4eWl8a6UZTk-00025-00011564-00011990 affected and I hope she comes out on the other side of this thing 4eWl8a6UZTk-00026-00011990-00012425 alright but again like the reason my channel is this is because so many of us 4eWl8a6UZTk-00027-00012425-00012881 watch all of this drama play out and we're doing the exact same thing in our 4eWl8a6UZTk-00028-00012881-00013159 own lives and today we're gonna be talking about 4eWl8a6UZTk-00029-00013159-00013671 taking personal responsibility taking accountability because so many of us are 4eWl8a6UZTk-00030-00013671-00014203 causing our own problems over and over and over again like so many of us are so 4eWl8a6UZTk-00031-00014203-00014490 delusional and I used to be one of these people hello 4eWl8a6UZTk-00032-00014490-00014890 sometimes I still AM well I'm just like why is the whole world out to get me 4eWl8a6UZTk-00033-00014890-00015345 why is everybody against me why don't people just give me a chance right and 4eWl8a6UZTk-00034-00015345-00015850 we don't see we don't have the self-awareness to understand why it 4eWl8a6UZTk-00035-00015850-00016415 keeps happening but anyways what made me want to make this video was because 4eWl8a6UZTk-00036-00016415-00016866 obviously like I am NOT like a makeup beauty influencer like my beautiful 4eWl8a6UZTk-00037-00016866-00017154 girlfriend interested you know she's all into like makeup and beauty and stuff 4eWl8a6UZTk-00038-00017154-00017346 like that but I'm just getting caught up to speed 4eWl8a6UZTk-00039-00017346-00018090 and watching the Spill video I really started to get the whole context of who 4eWl8a6UZTk-00040-00018090-00018621 Jaclyn hill is what's happened in the past like beforehand all I really 4eWl8a6UZTk-00041-00018621-00019162 understood was that she had a couple like ant launches right and I mentioned 4eWl8a6UZTk-00042-00019162-00019525 before like if this happened if this happened like you need to buckle down 4eWl8a6UZTk-00043-00019525-00020106 and my hand check like every lipstick before it goes out like this is your Tod 4eWl8a6UZTk-00044-00020106-00020625 because I've anything happens like anything happens you will be screwed and 4eWl8a6UZTk-00045-00020625-00020862 when I watch spill video it's like oh my god 4eWl8a6UZTk-00046-00020862-00021406 but the calming theme I saw his spill did like this montage showing each of 4eWl8a6UZTk-00047-00021406-00021888 the issues that have happened like her collabs with other people like I think 4eWl8a6UZTk-00048-00021888-00022240 one was Becca and one was morphe and everything like that and here's the 4eWl8a6UZTk-00049-00022240-00022678 issue that I want to talk about that all of us need to start working on and it's 4eWl8a6UZTk-00050-00022678-00023304 this passing the blame on to other people like when we are coming out and 4eWl8a6UZTk-00051-00023304-00023779 we're trying to take responsibility we are never ever ever ever going to get 4eWl8a6UZTk-00052-00023779-00024246 the amount of forgiveness now we want unless we take 1,000% responsibility 4eWl8a6UZTk-00053-00024246-00024562 I've mentioned this before with Tana mojo but Tana mojo 4eWl8a6UZTk-00054-00024562-00024897 she has like unlimited get-out-of-jail-free cards but anyways 4eWl8a6UZTk-00055-00024897-00025344 like for example Tana mojo is a great example with tannic on how she keeps 4eWl8a6UZTk-00056-00025344-00025758 blaming it on Michael Wiese and she was just somebody who trusted 4eWl8a6UZTk-00057-00025758-00026214 much and everything like that like we need to take responsibility and you saw 4eWl8a6UZTk-00058-00026214-00026533 this with every single jaclyn hill on january 4th 4eWl8a6UZTk-00059-00026533-00026935 jacqueline addressed the situation in her December favorites video I of course 4eWl8a6UZTk-00060-00026935-00027235 could do nothing about it this is not my website this is not my company I don't 4eWl8a6UZTk-00061-00027235-00027631 understand how this whole IT thing works and do make up not numbers she said she 4eWl8a6UZTk-00062-00027631-00028022 had no control over what was happening 4eWl8a6UZTk-00063-00028707-00029233 are you kidding me scandal like I'm disappointing people once again like 4eWl8a6UZTk-00064-00029233-00029650 here Jacqueline Hill goes like putting something out that is just gonna cause 4eWl8a6UZTk-00065-00029650-00029964 like an uproar and I'm already under a microscope for everything I do like I'm 4eWl8a6UZTk-00066-00029964-00030388 gonna disappoint my subscribers and he's a fit and I wanted to make this video 4eWl8a6UZTk-00067-00030388-00030811 because I see so many people do this or I used to do this as well what you 4eWl8a6UZTk-00068-00030811-00031302 notice with the pattern of behavior from Jacqueline Hill if she always receives 4eWl8a6UZTk-00069-00031302-00031762 information from other people and then relays that information rather than 4eWl8a6UZTk-00070-00031762-00032272 getting the information herself now I don't necessarily think in our cases 4eWl8a6UZTk-00071-00032272-00032691 like all of us who do this I don't necessarily think it's always laziness 4eWl8a6UZTk-00072-00032691-00033250 but it definitely can be but some people without even realizing it we're trying 4eWl8a6UZTk-00073-00033250-00033628 to get that addition that information from an outside source so that way when 4eWl8a6UZTk-00074-00033628-00034030 we relay it if something's wrong we could always say oh oh well I didn't say 4eWl8a6UZTk-00075-00034030-00034359 that I was just giving you the information this other person was giving 4eWl8a6UZTk-00076-00034359-00034762 me right and that's something I consistently saw her do like think about 4eWl8a6UZTk-00077-00034762-00035172 this like maybe you do this at work or maybe you do this at school like have 4eWl8a6UZTk-00078-00035172-00035458 you ever turned in a bad assignment at school and you're like oh well well 4eWl8a6UZTk-00079-00035458-00035770 Billy told me I was supposed to do it this way and it's like okay well you 4eWl8a6UZTk-00080-00035770-00036205 should have got the instructions from the teacher and not Billy right or did 4eWl8a6UZTk-00081-00036205-00036670 you screw something at work and said oh oh well Pam over there like told me to 4eWl8a6UZTk-00082-00036670-00037297 do this so I did it that way like get the information directly and you relay 4eWl8a6UZTk-00083-00037297-00037702 the information like something I will keep talking about until the day I die 4eWl8a6UZTk-00084-00037702-00038233 is locus of control if you want to figure out how to become happier the 4eWl8a6UZTk-00085-00038233-00038677 book I highly recommend is the happiness advantage by shawn Achor here's a 4eWl8a6UZTk-00086-00038677-00039050 professor of positive psychology that's when I first learned about locus 4eWl8a6UZTk-00087-00039050-00039617 of control locus of control is believing that you have a direct impact on the 4eWl8a6UZTk-00088-00039617-00040046 results that you get and the circumstances in your life people who 4eWl8a6UZTk-00089-00040046-00040532 have an internal locus of control are happier and less anxious that's just 4eWl8a6UZTk-00090-00040532-00041047 science baby but when you look at Jaclyn hill especially with her most recent 4eWl8a6UZTk-00091-00041047-00041591 video where she addressed everything like everything was blamed on the lab 4eWl8a6UZTk-00092-00041591-00042098 like it was the lab it was the lab it was the lab right but here's the thing 4eWl8a6UZTk-00093-00042098-00042602 like we need to take accountability for that we need to take responsibility for 4eWl8a6UZTk-00094-00042602-00043187 that and people aren't gonna trust us in the future if we're not doing that like 4eWl8a6UZTk-00095-00043187-00043715 this is something I've struggled with for a long long time and the reason why 4eWl8a6UZTk-00096-00043715-00044135 I'm trying to preach this to you guys so much is because I used to be that person 4eWl8a6UZTk-00097-00044135-00044771 I used to be Jacqueline Hill I used to blame everything on everybody else like 4eWl8a6UZTk-00098-00044771-00045320 one example that I can give you is like even after I got clean and sober seven 4eWl8a6UZTk-00099-00045320-00045890 years ago my son's mom still hated me she didn't like me too much today we 4eWl8a6UZTk-00100-00045890-00046142 have an amazing relationship but for a very long time 4eWl8a6UZTk-00101-00046142-00046676 she still hated me and I had no idea why right like because I just thought oh my 4eWl8a6UZTk-00102-00046676-00046994 god we did the alcohol of drugs isn't that what you wanted no the problem was 4eWl8a6UZTk-00103-00046994-00047543 I was still a dick like I would always show up late when it was came time to 4eWl8a6UZTk-00104-00047543-00047891 like come pick up my son for the weekend the things like that those were the 4eWl8a6UZTk-00105-00047891-00048314 things that were angering her but even on top of that I would never take 4eWl8a6UZTk-00106-00048314-00048659 responsibility for it it wasn't because I left late 4eWl8a6UZTk-00107-00048659-00049190 it was because of traffic right like you see the difference there like me me if I 4eWl8a6UZTk-00108-00049190-00049565 leave early traffic is irrelevant you see what I 4eWl8a6UZTk-00109-00049565-00049937 mean and this might be something that you're struggling with at work like 4eWl8a6UZTk-00110-00049937-00050317 think about it are you showing up late to work are you screwing up at work and 4eWl8a6UZTk-00111-00050317-00050855 constantly blaming other things other than taking accountability like this is 4eWl8a6UZTk-00112-00050855-00051194 something that I used to do if I was late it was because of traffic if I 4eWl8a6UZTk-00113-00051194-00051485 screwed something up somebody gave me the wrong information all these things 4eWl8a6UZTk-00114-00051485-00052017 like we need to realize like people are not as dumb as we wish they were 4eWl8a6UZTk-00115-00052017-00052582 okay like people recognize patterns of behavior you see what I mean like it is 4eWl8a6UZTk-00116-00052582-00053064 something that helps us survive we have to recognize patterns or else we keep 4eWl8a6UZTk-00117-00053064-00053458 getting screwed over so it's important to recognize and half the self-awareness 4eWl8a6UZTk-00118-00053458-00054045 like are you making excuses do you keep making excuses and we're never gonna get 4eWl8a6UZTk-00119-00054045-00054322 anywhere in life we're never gonna improve our mental and emotional 4eWl8a6UZTk-00120-00054322-00054939 well-being if we don't sit down if we don't sit down and analyze what happened 4eWl8a6UZTk-00121-00054939-00055491 alright like I will be completely honest with you guys right now like I had my 4eWl8a6UZTk-00122-00055491-00056098 own issues earlier this year okay and I have sat down I have analyzed it over 4eWl8a6UZTk-00123-00056098-00056580 and over like like not in like a super obsessive way while depending on what it 4eWl8a6UZTk-00124-00056580-00056833 was anyways I looked at I'm like where did I 4eWl8a6UZTk-00125-00056833-00057477 go wrong where did I screw up all right because if it happens in the future like 4eWl8a6UZTk-00126-00057477-00057958 I need to learn from my mistakes you guys that's the only reason I'm still 4eWl8a6UZTk-00127-00057958-00058510 clean and sober today it's because I had multiple relapses in the past and this 4eWl8a6UZTk-00128-00058510-00058957 last time I got sober seven years ago I sat down and I looked at how I was 4eWl8a6UZTk-00129-00058957-00059442 trying to stay clean and sober before I looked at it I analyzed it and I was 4eWl8a6UZTk-00130-00059442-00059923 like okay well everything I was doing didn't keep me sober maybe I should do 4eWl8a6UZTk-00131-00059923-00060441 the opposite of that all right so before you start blaming the world for all of 4eWl8a6UZTk-00132-00060441-00061057 your problems take a step back for just a minute minute so before you start 4eWl8a6UZTk-00133-00061057-00061498 blaming the world for all of your problems take a step back for just a 4eWl8a6UZTk-00134-00061498-00062152 minute and see what your part was where did you go wrong can you go back can you 4eWl8a6UZTk-00135-00062152-00062652 retrace those breadcrumbs and think if I would have done this instead of that 4eWl8a6UZTk-00136-00062652-00063199 would this outcome be differently and again this video isn't a hate video 4eWl8a6UZTk-00137-00063199-00063490 about Jacqueline Hill but here's my concern okay 4eWl8a6UZTk-00138-00063490-00063820 like I mentioned earlier some people said like this is not her first time 4eWl8a6UZTk-00139-00063820-00064210 that she's had to take a social media break my concern for her as well as the 4eWl8a6UZTk-00140-00064210-00064755 rest of you is that this is going to happen again and again and again until 4eWl8a6UZTk-00141-00064755-00065194 you recognize your own patterns until you don't start taking accountability 4eWl8a6UZTk-00142-00065194-00065522 for what you're part is these things are going to 4eWl8a6UZTk-00143-00065522-00065933 continue happening you're gonna keep thinking that this world is just an 4eWl8a6UZTk-00144-00065933-00066341 awful place or maybe the universe hates you and all that like we need to empower 4eWl8a6UZTk-00145-00066341-00066950 ourselves and take control and realize what we need to do to change alright but 4eWl8a6UZTk-00146-00066950-00067333 anyways that's all I got for this video don't forget follow me over on social 4eWl8a6UZTk-00147-00067333-00067802 media after we work so because we why your anxiety is coming out so soon and 4eWl8a6UZTk-00148-00067802-00068156 I'm so excited alright but if you like this video please give it a thumbs up if 4eWl8a6UZTk-00149-00068156-00068470 you new make sure you subscribe and bring that notification though because I 4eWl8a6UZTk-00150-00068470-00068804 make a ton of videos and a huge huge thank you to everybody supporting the 4eWl8a6UZTk-00151-00068804-00069086 channel over on patreon you are all amazing and if you would like to become 4eWl8a6UZTk-00152-00069086-00069401 a patron get access to some perks of benefits some people even get free 4eWl8a6UZTk-00153-00069401-00069818 copies of all my books click the top right there alright thanks again so so 4eWl8a6UZTk-00154-00069818-00070186 much for watching I'll see you next time 4gumCqZEHTk-00000-00000000-00000200 I saw that there are rounded corners on thumbnails. 4g-jFDS3zSc-00000-00000112-00001208 Narcissists hate empaths. Narcissists don't like all the attention that empaths get. Narcissists do 4g-jFDS3zSc-00001-00001208-00001992 not have healthy emotions so they are hiding and very dysfunctional. And they hate that empaths 4g-jFDS3zSc-00002-00002056-00002984 can be open, bright, expressive, and communicate. 4g_cdSKiZR0-00000-00000084-00000284 This is my first cup of coffee 4g_cdSKiZR0-00001-00000350-00000405 Oh my god 4g_cdSKiZR0-00002-00000622-00001496 Hmm... so, as with last Thursday traveling staying with a friend and... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00003-00001780-00001980 That's why I'm in the car 4g_cdSKiZR0-00004-00002017-00002185 Because I can't... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00005-00002185-00002948 There are people inside of there sleeping and it's a small house. So I don't want to disturb anyone so I got some coffee 4g_cdSKiZR0-00006-00003240-00003440 And I'm in the car now 4g_cdSKiZR0-00007-00003552-00004208 It took me a ridiculous amount of time to figure out how I could sit in the car and do this 4g_cdSKiZR0-00008-00004356-00004556 Um... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00009-00004600-00004744 I spilled a 4g_cdSKiZR0-00010-00004744-00005064 Sad amount of coffee as I relocated 4g_cdSKiZR0-00011-00005148-00005244 I thought I had it 4g_cdSKiZR0-00012-00005244-00005645 as I was climbing into the backseat because why would I get out of the car to get into the backseat 4g_cdSKiZR0-00013-00005730-00005972 and I was there and then I plopped 4g_cdSKiZR0-00014-00006028-00006479 You know, I mean when you plop and you're just like, oh I got this BAM! coffee doesn't plop well 4g_cdSKiZR0-00015-00006645-00006884 Fortunately, I have napkins and I cleaned it up 4g_cdSKiZR0-00016-00007368-00007568 So... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00017-00007686-00007898 The original inspiration for this 4g_cdSKiZR0-00018-00008045-00008784 For this show, goes way back goes back several years. You may be familiar with Jerry Seinfeld 4g_cdSKiZR0-00019-00008910-00009362 Now on Netflix, I believe started on YouTube comedians in cars getting coffee 4g_cdSKiZR0-00020-00009914-00010288 After the first episode which was with mr. Brennand Vadal 4g_cdSKiZR0-00021-00010376-00010849 where I think we ended up titling it conversations with and I've done one with 4g_cdSKiZR0-00022-00010970-00011235 Mr. Paul Milhollin. I think those are the only two 4g_cdSKiZR0-00023-00011306-00011506 conversations episodes 4g_cdSKiZR0-00024-00011516-00011785 I'm not awake yet. So if I've missed one, 4g_cdSKiZR0-00025-00011852-00012057 I apologize, especially if I'm offending anyone 4g_cdSKiZR0-00026-00012194-00012394 but... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00027-00012716-00012916 I had this kind of 4g_cdSKiZR0-00028-00012974-00013677 Satirical idea of what would that show look like but instead of comedians it was martial artists 4g_cdSKiZR0-00029-00014030-00014421 But I don't have access to the cars that Jerry does so it was 4g_cdSKiZR0-00030-00014488-00014902 Not gonna be the same. So that was kind of it. It was gonna be like 4g_cdSKiZR0-00031-00014966-00015166 martial artists in cars 4g_cdSKiZR0-00032-00015215-00015415 talking about martial arts 4g_cdSKiZR0-00033-00015622-00015822 Especially since 4g_cdSKiZR0-00034-00015938-00016138 I don't think Brendan drinks coffee 4g_cdSKiZR0-00035-00016330-00016578 We've never had coffee together, that's weird 4g_cdSKiZR0-00036-00016832-00016932 I should know that 4g_cdSKiZR0-00037-00017198-00017548 Rocking my... can I do this without spilling coffee... oh wait the phones mobile 4g_cdSKiZR0-00038-00017908-00018108 My XX... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00039-00018260-00018410 Whistlekick shirt... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00040-00018598-00019080 You ever have one of those days where you're fairly certain it's just you're just gonna have a melt down? 4g_cdSKiZR0-00041-00019277-00019707 I think I'm gonna have a meltdown today, so I'm traveling because I'm heading to this 4g_cdSKiZR0-00042-00019862-00020223 Corporate training kind of deal on... hiring people 4g_cdSKiZR0-00043-00020408-00020688 Coz I am historically poor at that 4g_cdSKiZR0-00044-00020906-00021667 And as we transition into this new phase I may have to hire some people, I think I don't know if I want to 4g_cdSKiZR0-00045-00022152-00022434 You know one of the ironic things about this show is that 4g_cdSKiZR0-00046-00022594-00023058 I've set it up to be very unfiltered and yet being tired in the morning 4g_cdSKiZR0-00047-00023262-00023528 Waking up with a cup of coffee is a filter in and of itself 4g_cdSKiZR0-00048-00023737-00024014 If I did this show in the afternoon or in the evening 4g_cdSKiZR0-00049-00024298-00024842 With the things that I think about during the day with the things that go on it is entirely possible that 4g_cdSKiZR0-00050-00024936-00025522 This would be ten minutes of me complaining and crying over the air 4g_cdSKiZR0-00051-00025822-00026022 And I'll probably get there 4g_cdSKiZR0-00052-00026079-00026396 you know when I set this up, it was about accountability, but you know I was 4g_cdSKiZR0-00053-00026488-00026688 Committed to being authentic 4g_cdSKiZR0-00054-00026725-00026889 and 4g_cdSKiZR0-00055-00026889-00027360 This crap is hard. You know, we don't we don't talk about this. We don't talk about this too much 4g_cdSKiZR0-00056-00027360-00027782 We don't talk about things that are hard in society. We don't talk about the fact that 4g_cdSKiZR0-00057-00028069-00028610 I've decided I can take on multiple international 4g_cdSKiZR0-00058-00028866-00029084 Multi multi-million dollar companies 4g_cdSKiZR0-00059-00029220-00029747 We don't talk about it, but let's face it. That's what I'm doing. We're trying to do 4g_cdSKiZR0-00060-00029962-00030162 There are plenty of 4g_cdSKiZR0-00061-00030408-00030822 Plenty of things. I'm not gonna say about that, but 4g_cdSKiZR0-00062-00031233-00031433 I know we can do better 4g_cdSKiZR0-00063-00031566-00031766 And that brings 4g_cdSKiZR0-00064-00031822-00032186 challenges, you know to try and upset the applecart to 4g_cdSKiZR0-00065-00032311-00032511 To believe that you could do something 4g_cdSKiZR0-00066-00032631-00033191 Better than the mainstream is already doing it, you know, and that's I think in a sense. That's a very martial arts 4g_cdSKiZR0-00067-00033400-00033534 Belief 4g_cdSKiZR0-00068-00033534-00034178 how many martial arts schools how many styles started because someone was training and said, you know, 4g_cdSKiZR0-00069-00034252-00034416 I could do better 4g_cdSKiZR0-00070-00034416-00034616 What about this? 4g_cdSKiZR0-00071-00034641-00034865 You know, and that's where that's where whistlekick started 4g_cdSKiZR0-00072-00035100-00035753 I've so many ideas. There's so many ideas. Like I have a excel sheet of ideas 4g_cdSKiZR0-00073-00035905-00036105 Some of which are little things like 4g_cdSKiZR0-00074-00036181-00036590 Here's an example of what I can share if you order whistlekick sparring gear right now 4g_cdSKiZR0-00075-00036675-00037172 You don't get any tags, you know, like if you buy clothing in a store, they're gonna be tags on it 4g_cdSKiZR0-00076-00037221-00037469 We should have tags one of those tags should be a sticker 4g_cdSKiZR0-00077-00037575-00038192 we should take some of the most important information about taking care of your gear which currently goes out on like a postcard like a 4g_cdSKiZR0-00078-00038241-00038409 4x6 card 4g_cdSKiZR0-00079-00038409-00038581 That should be on the tag 4g_cdSKiZR0-00080-00038581-00039050 Could be even a tag here. We get the tag where it's like a little book take the world smallest book 4g_cdSKiZR0-00081-00039102-00039437 We should do stuff like that and then there are our ideas that are 4g_cdSKiZR0-00082-00039609-00039887 So big so out of left field that 4g_cdSKiZR0-00083-00040125-00040409 I don't have anything.... right now 4g_cdSKiZR0-00084-00040812-00041162 It's raining... it's okay 4g_cdSKiZR0-00085-00041527-00041727 This training is really early 4g_cdSKiZR0-00086-00042171-00042371 I'm looking all over the screen 4g_cdSKiZR0-00087-00042689-00043030 I'm in my vehicle. Would you like a tour of my car? 4g_cdSKiZR0-00088-00043301-00043915 Where the heck I'm I gonna put this coffee? alright I put in the coffee down by my feet and when I can't find it 4g_cdSKiZR0-00089-00044045-00044245 Tell me 4g_cdSKiZR0-00090-00044264-00044694 There's someone watching live which is such a trip to me that people are awake this early 4g_cdSKiZR0-00091-00044921-00045121 Unless... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00092-00045185-00045457 It's someone from the UK 4g_cdSKiZR0-00093-00045665-00045865 Alright, um 4g_cdSKiZR0-00094-00045917-00046515 Yes, so here we are I am in the back seat of the 4g_cdSKiZR0-00095-00046895-00047095 2017 Toyota Forerunner 4g_cdSKiZR0-00096-00047165-00047577 This is... this is it. It has black interior, which gets very warm 4g_cdSKiZR0-00097-00047756-00048698 That's a cooler of things that's my laptop that's a can of fix-a-flat that's my med kit that orange thing... and... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00098-00048730-00049016 And that... there's a poncho and some trash bags 4g_cdSKiZR0-00099-00049211-00049855 And another poncho? why do I have two ponchos? That doesn't need to be here? That's ridiculous! 4g_cdSKiZR0-00100-00050048-00050248 Okay 4g_cdSKiZR0-00101-00050345-00050545 Is 4g_cdSKiZR0-00102-00050696-00051006 Alright, but that is the perfect anecdote for my life so... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00103-00051551-00051859 I take a step back I look at something from a different perspective 4g_cdSKiZR0-00104-00051926-00052429 Hey, we just found our hook cool. I will get something from a different perspective and realize oh my god 4g_cdSKiZR0-00105-00052429-00052629 There are things that need to be done here. 4g_cdSKiZR0-00106-00052652-00053071 I need to take one of these Poncho's out and put it in my other car 4g_cdSKiZR0-00107-00053071-00053544 I have a summer car a little sports car kind of thing. No, it's a sports car 4g_cdSKiZR0-00108-00053651-00053851 Basically an orange go-cart anyway 4g_cdSKiZR0-00109-00053905-00054348 One of those should go in there but not the orange one because that would be too on the nose 4g_cdSKiZR0-00110-00054458-00054590 and 4g_cdSKiZR0-00111-00054590-00054795 That's what tends to happen. I tend to see 4g_cdSKiZR0-00112-00054904-00055104 2 viewers? 2 live people! 4g_cdSKiZR0-00113-00055308-00055508 3? Oh this is insanity 4g_cdSKiZR0-00114-00055722-00056014 Good morning, Brian 4g_cdSKiZR0-00115-00056195-00056485 I tend to see the world in a bit of a different way 4g_cdSKiZR0-00116-00056529-00056758 When I take a step back and I think we can all do that 4g_cdSKiZR0-00117-00056787-00057164 So that is my challenge to you today is to take a step back 4g_cdSKiZR0-00118-00057282-00057790 And look at some of the most important things going on in your life and see how can you do them differently? 4g_cdSKiZR0-00119-00057920-00058333 If you had them to do over again if you started from zero now 4g_cdSKiZR0-00120-00058563-00058763 What would your actions look like? 4g_cdSKiZR0-00121-00058920-00059391 Because you have that opportunity maybe you don't have the opportunity to completely hit the reset button 4g_cdSKiZR0-00122-00059460-00059532 4 people... 4g_cdSKiZR0-00123-00059562-00059834 But you have the opportunity to 4g_cdSKiZR0-00124-00060132-00060764 Set a change, good morning Mike, you have the opportunity to change your path 4g_cdSKiZR0-00125-00061079-00061676 You can't do anything about the past but take a look at where you're headed and if it doesn't make sense change the direction 4g_cdSKiZR0-00126-00061808-00062182 So I didn't forget where my coffee was so that's cool. All right 4g_cdSKiZR0-00127-00062547-00062927 Find at least one thing today that you can look at that you can take a step back from 4g_cdSKiZR0-00128-00063014-00063319 And consider if it should be done differently 4g_cdSKiZR0-00129-00063470-00063775 That's all I got I will see you tomorrow peace! 4knA975pZSA-00000-00000000-00000216 Auras From Negative to Positive 50pH8bh77Bo-00000-00000006-00000279 What's up, guys? I'm Brian Sacawa, you're watching He Spoke Style, and today I'm 50pH8bh77Bo-00001-00000279-00000536 showing you three different ways to style a polo shirt. 50pH8bh77Bo-00002-00000536-00001180 [MUSIC] 50pH8bh77Bo-00003-00001180-00001272 Starting off with an 50pH8bh77Bo-00004-00001272-00001719 answer to the question: can you wear a blazer with a polo shirt? Yes, you can. You 50pH8bh77Bo-00005-00001719-00002034 know, when we talk about summer and summer tailoring, we're generally talking 50pH8bh77Bo-00006-00002034-00002397 about being more comfortable, more relaxed, and a polo shirt paired with a 50pH8bh77Bo-00007-00002397-00002801 blazer is a really good way to sort of embrace all of that. Mine is just a 50pH8bh77Bo-00008-00002801-00003147 classic polo from J.Crew in black. Here, I've paired it with an unstructured 50pH8bh77Bo-00009-00003147-00003590 linen blazer from Suitsupply and some off-white chinos buy Ring Jacket. You 50pH8bh77Bo-00010-00003590-00003876 do have to mind the collar a little bit because it doesn't have the same 50pH8bh77Bo-00011-00003876-00004355 rigidity of say a button-up shirt collar. But by the same token, that is how it 50pH8bh77Bo-00012-00004355-00004791 helps to dress down the blazer. This look is topped off by my trusty Panama hat. 50pH8bh77Bo-00013-00004791-00005226 Anchored by these braided Allen Edmonds tassel loafers. And on the wrist, the 50pH8bh77Bo-00014-00005226-00005586 IWC Ingenieur. Next, the polo shirt suited up. 50pH8bh77Bo-00015-00005586-00006060 This is another way to kind of reimagine what a polo shirt can be and what it can 50pH8bh77Bo-00016-00006060-00006447 do. Maybe not the first shirt you would reach for to pair with a suit, but again, 50pH8bh77Bo-00017-00006447-00006888 I think it is a great way to make a formal garment more relaxed. This suit is 50pH8bh77Bo-00018-00006888-00007361 from Alton Lane in a gabardine fabric. Love the tobacco color. Two-button. Double 50pH8bh77Bo-00019-00007361-00007800 vent. Notch lapel. Patch pockets, including the breast pocket. Trousers have side 50pH8bh77Bo-00020-00007800-00008184 adjusters and a double pleat. Because the full suit has more structure 50pH8bh77Bo-00021-00008184-00008628 I decided to wear the collar outside the jacket over the lapel. Kind of a 70's 50pH8bh77Bo-00022-00008628-00009000 style move but it gives the collar the appearance of some more structure and 50pH8bh77Bo-00023-00009000-00009425 it's kind of fun, you know? Spring/summer? That's what it's all about. On my wrist 50pH8bh77Bo-00024-00009425-00009815 is the A. Lange & Söhne Datograph. And finishing off the look with my black 50pH8bh77Bo-00025-00009815-00010338 suede Belgian Shoes. Finally, the classic. The simple. Probably 50pH8bh77Bo-00026-00010338-00010700 what you think of most, or first, when you think about how people generally style 50pH8bh77Bo-00027-00010700-00011031 polo shirts. This is a simple approach but I want to point out a few things 50pH8bh77Bo-00028-00011031-00011454 that take it from the basic to something a little bit more elevated. Let's start 50pH8bh77Bo-00029-00011454-00011877 with the trousers. Instead of the classic cotton khaki trousers I have on a pair 50pH8bh77Bo-00030-00011877-00012086 of linen trousers that are made to measure. 50pH8bh77Bo-00031-00012086-00012471 Side adjusters instead of belt loops so it has that little bit of sartorial 50pH8bh77Bo-00032-00012471-00012984 flair. Next, the hat. Do not overlook the Panama hat as a spring/summer accessory. 50pH8bh77Bo-00033-00012984-00013280 In my opinion, no other accessory has the power to 50pH8bh77Bo-00034-00013280-00013724 influence and shape the entire appearance and feel of a look than a hat. 50pH8bh77Bo-00035-00013724-00014291 Mine is by Homero Ortega. Finally, the shoes. Suede loafers by Baudoin & Lange. Suede is 50pH8bh77Bo-00036-00014291-00014774 very luxe. A great way to elevate a simple look from the bottom up. There you 50pH8bh77Bo-00037-00014774-00015281 have it! Just three of the many, many, many ways to style a polo shirt. I tried to take 50pH8bh77Bo-00038-00015281-00015581 it outside the box a little bit because I think we can get sort of stuck in a 50pH8bh77Bo-00039-00015581-00015986 pattern of what is easy and a polo shirt can do so much more with just a little 50pH8bh77Bo-00040-00015986-00016382 thought and imagination. Links to all of the outfit details are down below in the 50pH8bh77Bo-00041-00016382-00016712 description. Leave a comment. Let me know what look you liked best and your 50pH8bh77Bo-00042-00016712-00017057 favorite way to wear a polo shirt. Thumbs up if you liked the video. Don't forget 50pH8bh77Bo-00043-00017057-00017414 to subscribe to the channel. And until next time, thanks for watching and stay 50pH8bh77Bo-00044-00017414-00017650 tailored. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00000-00000093-00000516 So, hi, I'm Molly Jane, head of news. And I'm Olivia, head of editorial. And this is 56Q-h3xKIGu-00001-00000516-00000633 Coffee and Crypto. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00002-00000868-00001226 Firstly, we are going to talk about FedNow, which is the Federal Reserve's new idea for 56Q-h3xKIGu-00003-00001227-00001490 an instant payment settlement system. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00004-00001490-00001590 Don't give it all away. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00005-00001590-00001689 I'll have nothing to say. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00006-00001689-00001789 Okay. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00007-00001789-00002166 Molly you're going to tell me about 56Q-h3xKIGu-00008-00002166-00002456 Binance allegedly leaking KYC info. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00009-00002456-00002556 Allegedly, right. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00010-00002556-00002658 I said allegedely. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00011-00002658-00002844 I am underlining it. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00012-00002844-00003288 And you're also going to tell me about the Coinbase Bitcoin Cash case. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00013-00003288-00003388 Yeah. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00014-00003388-00003635 There is a new ruling on that. The old case 56Q-h3xKIGu-00015-00003635-00003886 but the new ruling. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00016-00004104-00004203 And that'll be it for the week. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00017-00004203-00004303 That'll be for the week yeah. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00018-00004303-00004483 Not a huge week. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00019-00004483-00004802 Not that exciting. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00020-00005848-00006210 So the FedNow news. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00021-00006210-00006645 It's basically the Fed, which is the central Bank of the United States. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00022-00006645-00006829 If you didn't know. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00023-00006829-00007109 I know now. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00024-00007109-00007831 making a system for real time payments, real time settlement that is going to 56Q-h3xKIGu-00025-00007831-00007931 so first of all it doesn't exist yet. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00026-00007931-00008134 They announced it and they're developing it. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00027-00008134-00008638 They want to launch it, I think in 2023-2024. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00028-00008638-00009404 And the main idea is to make a payment system that you can use 24/7. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00029-00009404-00009942 And it works all the time. You don't have to wait for your payment to go through to 56Q-h3xKIGu-00030-00009942-00010334 another bank for like three days or even for a few hours or whatever. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00031-00010334-00010435 There's a little catch. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00032-00010435-00010629 It only works within the US. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00033-00010630-00010731 Ok. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00034-00010731-00010836 That's a big point. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00035-00010836-00011040 Yeah, it's a big one. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00036-00011040-00011560 And does it sound like anything you know about? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00037-00011560-00012092 It sounds just like cryptocurrency in general , but I think more specifically Ripple because Ripple is using 56Q-h3xKIGu-00038-00012092-00012554 XRP and the other X traffic system are really the ones that are trying to work with real 56Q-h3xKIGu-00039-00012554-00012910 time settlement specifically in terms of remittances. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00040-00012910-00013094 But that's international, right? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00041-00013094-00013458 I mean, we are not going to shill Ripple 56Q-h3xKIGu-00042-00013458-00013641 No, definitely not 56Q-h3xKIGu-00043-00013641-00013984 But it's more the question of if this FedNow system is something that could be a possible 56Q-h3xKIGu-00044-00013984-00014154 competitor for Ripple in the future. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00045-00014154-00014759 You brought up Ripple and a lot of people in the Internet also brought up Ripple. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00046-00014760-00014859 When this news came out. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00047-00014860-00015360 I mean, that was like sort of one of the first reactions a lot of people had. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00048-00015360-00015460 and Bitcoin. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00049-00015460-00015951 And was it Pomp who tweeted that? he said we already have Bitcoin. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00050-00015951-00016084 Yeah, yeah, yeah. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00051-00016084-00016562 Well, my question has to do with what is it going to be built on? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00052-00016562-00016887 Do we know that it's not going to be distributed ledger technology? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00053-00016887-00017276 Well It's definitely not publicly anything related to blockchain. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00054-00017276-00017587 But we don't know that yet right? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00055-00017587-00017745 Yeah. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00056-00017745-00017844 Not to confuse people. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00057-00017844-00018278 It's not like telling the Fed made like a blockchain based system or they have made 56Q-h3xKIGu-00058-00018280-00018380 their own crypto. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00059-00018380-00018479 Absolutely not. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00060-00018480-00018580 They didn't. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00061-00018790-00018994 As far as we know. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00062-00018994-00019094 They are hiding it. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00063-00019094-00019505 Well, I just hear the word real time payments settlement system. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00064-00019506-00019770 And I think that that can only be done in blockchain. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00065-00019770-00020308 And if you're a tech person, tell me what the other options are. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00066-00020308-00020700 I just live in this bubble and everyone is just all about DLT, all about blockchain 56Q-h3xKIGu-00067-00020700-00021159 so the fact they can do without blockchain makes me wonder why didn't they do it before? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00068-00021160-00021728 Allegedly the Fed registered this product as early as 2008. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00069-00021728-00022087 Was that before or after the financial crash, though? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00070-00022087-00022245 During. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00071-00022246-00022360 I think so. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00072-00022360-00022422 OK. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00073-00022546-00022646 I'm not sure. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00074-00022646-00023030 What would be interesting if they did register it during the whole financial meltdown, because 56Q-h3xKIGu-00075-00023030-00023364 that would show that people at the Federal Reserve were thinking along the lines 56Q-h3xKIGu-00076-00023364-00023773 of Satoshi Nakamoto, like they are just trying to come up with different ways to improve 56Q-h3xKIGu-00077-00023773-00023909 on our traditional financial system. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00078-00023909-00024009 Right. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00079-00024009-00024312 And then the project got sort of forgotten about and died. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00080-00024312-00024479 And now it's being reborn. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00081-00024479-00024908 It's funny. In the sort of hype of crypto, but it's also late. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00082-00025058-00025258 Yeah, it's late 56Q-h3xKIGu-00083-00025306-00025658 But it is funny to think that was before Bitcoin. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00084-00025830-00025930 Yeah. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00085-00025968-00026031 What could have been? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00086-00026031-00026131 Fed coin? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00087-00026131-00026231 I know, I know. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00088-00026231-00026331 I know. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00089-00026331-00026431 It is not. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00090-00026431-00026736 I'm sure somebody has made a Fed coin now and they're trying to trick people online. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00091-00026736-00026877 No, it's not a thing. That's a scam. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00092-00027362-00027412 I don't know. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00093-00027412-00027572 Bitcoin scams are happening everywhere. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00094-00027572-00027900 There is another piece this week that talked about how many millions of dollars was lost 56Q-h3xKIGu-00095-00027900-00028174 on those Bitcoin sextortions scams this year. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00096-00028174-00028639 Where it's like you get an email saying, I have a video of you watching porn and you 56Q-h3xKIGu-00097-00028639-00029089 have to send me this much in Bitcoin or I'll release it to your friends and family, just 56Q-h3xKIGu-00098-00029089-00029294 like a regular extortion but with Bitcoin. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00099-00029294-00029394 But it's funny. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00100-00029394-00030000 It happened to my aunt. I was with her a month ago and she got an email saying send 56Q-h3xKIGu-00101-00030000-00030619 me like point five bitcoin because I have a video of you watching porn. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00102-00030619-00031039 My aunt is like in her 60s, happily married. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00103-00031039-00031291 Not that watching porn you can't If you're married. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00104-00031291-00031466 Molly, so conservative. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00105-00031466-00031756 I'm sorry, that's not what I meant. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00106-00031756-00032040 The point was it wasn't her. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00107-00032040-00032171 She knew it wasn't her. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00108-00032171-00032271 Yes. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00109-00032271-00032381 We were traveling Europe together. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00110-00032381-00032581 We were together. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00111-00032581-00032681 It wasn't her. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00112-00032681-00032784 And she didn't pay them. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00113-00032784-00033324 But weirdly, that same hour that the email was sent was all of her bank accounts were 56Q-h3xKIGu-00114-00033324-00033424 compromised. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00115-00033424-00033524 So that was a little weird. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00116-00033524-00033624 Maybe they were connected. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00117-00033624-00034041 Most Bitcoin scams really aren't real, but they somehow fetched her. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00118-00034041-00034272 So our question for our audience members is that happened to my aunt. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00119-00034272-00034744 If any of you guys have been victims of any sort of Bitcoin scam, you can comment below. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00120-00034744-00035000 Crypto scams, not just Bitcoin. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00121-00035000-00035434 One thing that I know is on our Web site all the time is people commenting, Binance 56Q-h3xKIGu-00122-00035434-00035665 trying to give away. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00123-00035665-00035934 No one does giveaways like they really just don't do giveaways. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00124-00035934-00036081 There are airdrops. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00125-00036081-00036274 There are real things. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00126-00036274-00036991 And if you see Binance commenting on an article Not Binance, but like fake Binance 56Q-h3xKIGu-00127-00036991-00037741 If you see Binance commenting on one of our articles about UK IRS taxes saying send me 56Q-h3xKIGu-00128-00037741-00037981 money and I'll send you more money. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00129-00037981-00038122 It's not real. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00130-00038122-00038536 Don't fall for scams in the comments section of the Cointelegraph Web site or on YouTube 56Q-h3xKIGu-00131-00038536-00038661 or on Twitter. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00132-00038661-00039056 We're never gonna give you money for free, ever. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00133-00039056-00039372 Why would anyone do that. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00134-00039700-00040237 This week, there has been a Telegram chat and other places on Reddit where photographs 56Q-h3xKIGu-00135-00040237-00040728 were shared allegedly of Binance KYC photos of users. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00136-00040728-00041137 So it's like a user holding up their passport with their face in their passport. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00137-00041137-00041237 Right. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00138-00041237-00041709 The kind of photo that you'll send for KYC and that you don't want to then be on the 56Q-h3xKIGu-00139-00041709-00041809 Internet. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00140-00041810-00041909 Right? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00141-00041910-00042127 That's because of identity theft. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00142-00042127-00042236 Binance responded right away. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00143-00042236-00042405 They said they're investigating it. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00144-00042405-00042802 One of the things they pointed out was there's no Binance Watermark on the photos that indicate 56Q-h3xKIGu-00145-00042802-00042993 he's not a hack of Binance itself. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00146-00042993-00043606 But what I found the most interesting about this story is that it was reported in January 56Q-h3xKIGu-00147-00043606-00044193 of this year, January 19, that some exchanges, I think it was Binance, Poloniex and another 56Q-h3xKIGu-00148-00044193-00044633 one, a third party KYC service was compromised. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00149-00044633-00045162 So my theory is that these are photos from third party compromisation. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00150-00045162-00045596 Like a third party service was compromised back in 2018, actually. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00151-00045596-00045949 And the photos are now being released and Binance says that they're being extorted. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00152-00045949-00046202 Wait, did they comment on that? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00153-00046202-00046602 So what the Binance statement says is that the photos appear to be dated from February 56Q-h3xKIGu-00154-00046602-00047068 2018, which is when Binance was using a third party vendor for KYC verification because 56Q-h3xKIGu-00155-00047068-00047200 of the high volume of requests. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00156-00047200-00047344 So they're investigating that vendor. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00157-00047344-00047444 OK. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00158-00047444-00047766 So there's a suggestion there's a listing of all those the vendor. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00159-00047766-00047866 OK. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00160-00047988-00048076 Is it your brilliant theory? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00161-00048088-00048137 No, no, no, no. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00162-00048137-00048446 It was Dovey Wan who pointed it out on Twitter in the first place. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00163-00048446-00048546 Oh, OK. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00164-00048546-00049022 The hacker is demanding 300 bitcoin to make it private. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00165-00049022-00049122 They already released it. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00166-00049122-00049222 Whatever. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00167-00049222-00049322 Bad people do really stupid things. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00168-00049322-00049775 The hacker also claims that he has KYC information from other exchanges which are also back from 56Q-h3xKIGu-00169-00049775-00050177 that January news media frenzy about that time. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00170-00050177-00050356 It clamed down 56Q-h3xKIGu-00171-00050356-00050819 Anyway Bitcoin's price was not incredibly affected by this news, which I love when really bad 56Q-h3xKIGu-00172-00050819-00050919 news happens. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00173-00050920-00051382 And then Bitcoin doesn't drop a thousand dollars like it has done in the past. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00174-00051382-00051548 So that was nice. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00175-00051549-00052130 If you've ever had an interesting revelation to do with KYC, interesting interaction. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00176-00052130-00052254 Your KYC data was compromised. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00177-00052254-00052475 You didn't like giving your data. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00178-00052475-00052617 You want to give more data 56Q-h3xKIGu-00179-00052617-00052774 I don't know. Comment below. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00180-00052878-00053402 What are you more concerned about when you sign up for an exchange? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00181-00053402-00053660 When you make an account on an exchange, you tend to be more concerned about your funding compromises? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00182-00053660-00053851 That is what is keeping you away from centralized exchanges 56Q-h3xKIGu-00183-00053851-00054269 Or you are more concerned about going through the KYC process? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00184-00054269-00054675 Is that because it's annoying and unconvenient or because you're concerned about your privacy? 56Q-h3xKIGu-00185-00054675-00054827 All of these issues. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00186-00054827-00054964 You can comment on any of them. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00187-00054964-00055314 I mean, personally, I don't really care if my picture of myself on my passport is 56Q-h3xKIGu-00188-00055314-00055594 leaked as long as my Bitcoin is safe. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00189-00056029-00056514 This week, a judge in the United States ruled in this court case has been going on since 56Q-h3xKIGu-00190-00056514-00056638 the Bitcoin Cash forked. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00191-00056638-00057244 They ruled that Coinbase did not commit fraud during the launch of Bitcoin Cash. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00192-00057244-00057800 This is important for a lot of reasons because back when Bitcoin Cash came into existence 56Q-h3xKIGu-00193-00057800-00058416 and it was put up on Coinbase, it caused a huge price spike. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00194-00058416-00058941 And Coinbase seemingly was unprepared for the amount of trading volume and halted all 56Q-h3xKIGu-00195-00058941-00059239 trading within, I think, two minutes. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00196-00059239-00059385 And that made a lot of people really, really upset. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00197-00059385-00059997 They were upset that they were planning on making money off of this and all of a sudden 56Q-h3xKIGu-00198-00059997-00060173 it was added and then it was stopped. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00199-00060173-00060632 So ever since then, there have been ongoing court cases against Coinbase. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00200-00060632-00061185 Now, this lawsuit claiming that it was something that was actually fraudulently and there were 56Q-h3xKIGu-00201-00061185-00061445 even claims of insider trading. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00202-00061445-00061805 I mean, as in Coinbase employees knew this was going to happen and they were able to 56Q-h3xKIGu-00203-00061805-00062414 buy a bunch of Bitcoin Cash to make it available on Coinbase, sell it for super high price 56Q-h3xKIGu-00204-00062414-00062614 and stop the training. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00205-00062614-00063238 The lawsuit was concluded because it said that Coinbase did not price manipulate by 56Q-h3xKIGu-00206-00063238-00063394 doing that. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00207-00063394-00063716 And now the lawsuit is moving just towards the negligence claims. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00208-00063716-00064252 And I can read a quotation from the lawyer or from the judge that said moreover, while 56Q-h3xKIGu-00209-00064252-00064712 the factual allegations paint a compelling picture of an incompetent launch by Coinbase 56Q-h3xKIGu-00210-00064712-00065132 incompetency, the complaint does not outline a coherent account of fraud by Coinbase. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00211-00065134-00065233 Brian Armstrong 56Q-h3xKIGu-00212-00065233-00065420 And then Farmer, another Coinbase in play. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00213-00065420-00065675 So overall, it's not great what happened with Coinbase. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00214-00065675-00066187 They're saying basically that they were incompetent, but they were not maliciously incompetent, 56Q-h3xKIGu-00215-00066187-00066462 which is good to know because Coinbase is so big. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00216-00066462-00066942 And for so many Americans, it's just the number one way to store their crypto just because 56Q-h3xKIGu-00217-00067042-00067155 It's because of the name recognition. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00218-00067155-00067708 And so this kind of this news that it's saying that maybe they messed up, 56Q-h3xKIGu-00219-00067708-00068026 which isn't great, but it's not saying they did it in a mean way. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00220-00068026-00068126 And it's just, you know. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00221-00068126-00068226 Yeah. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00222-00068602-00068674 Not Coinbase Pro, Coinbase, 56Q-h3xKIGu-00223-00068674-00069547 the retail version or whatever they call it, their wallet is very limited in terms of the 56Q-h3xKIGu-00224-00069547-00069704 coins on it. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00225-00069858-00070054 They're looking into adding more coins this week. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00226-00070055-00070155 Right. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00227-00070155-00070587 But every time they say that those coins get pumped or something happens, it matters. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00228-00070587-00071284 Like every time Coinbase says they're thinking about a coin or they add a coin , Like the 56Q-h3xKIGu-00229-00071284-00071819 coins price is affected significantly, potentially more than other exchanges centralizing changes 56Q-h3xKIGu-00230-00071819-00072186 It just has the name recognition 56Q-h3xKIGu-00231-00072186-00072439 But it's also because it's such a limited selection. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00232-00072439-00073017 I mean, it's just like not comparable to other exchanges. The lack of options on Coinbase. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00233-00073017-00073208 My point is going to be added. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00234-00073208-00073430 It causes more of a ripple. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00235-00073430-00073530 Yes. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00236-00073530-00073630 Right. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00237-00073630-00073738 So this is not just about Bitcoin cash. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00238-00073738-00074250 I mean, the Bitcoin cash case is really important because people filed a lawsuit about it and 56Q-h3xKIGu-00239-00074250-00074379 it's a particular bitcoin. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00240-00074379-00075000 But like this is an issue that Coinbase has with their sort of PR process. That they go 56Q-h3xKIGu-00241-00075000-00075401 through when they list a coin and then they talk about listing coins like it's because 56Q-h3xKIGu-00242-00075401-00075544 little hints. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00243-00075544-00075892 And that arguably could be seen as manipulation. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00244-00075892-00076613 I mean, they know as anyone in crypto Twitter knows, that if they talk about a coin, its 56Q-h3xKIGu-00245-00076613-00076792 price will be affected in some way. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00246-00076792-00077341 So it's like an issue that any well-known person in crypto has, like Charlie Lee. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00247-00077341-00077441 No, it's true. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00248-00077441-00077795 I mean, Charlie Lee sold all his own Litecoin holding in a very public way. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00249-00077795-00077895 Yes. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00250-00077895-00078313 So he could make comments about Litecoin without everyone hitting on him. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00251-00078433-00078719 We also just did an interview with Charlie Lee. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00252-00078720-00078964 You can check it out in the link. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00253-00079466-00079526 All right. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00254-00079526-00080188 So another fun way to end this segment is that you can see on my shirt it's Bitcoin. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00255-00080188-00080813 Bitcoin and Benjamin. And we're going to have a small contest, so 56Q-h3xKIGu-00256-00080813-00081230 anyone comments below the best caption they can think of for this T-shirt and they get 56Q-h3xKIGu-00257-00081230-00081362 to win this T-shirt. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00258-00081362-00081494 That was Coffee and Crypto. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00259-00081494-00081594 I'm Olivia. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00260-00081594-00081694 And I'm Molly Jane. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00261-00081694-00081994 Make sure to read more news on our web site as well as longer features. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00262-00081994-00082146 And don't forget to subscribe. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00263-00082146-00082246 It's very important. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00264-00082246-00082364 And we'll tell you why next time. 56Q-h3xKIGu-00265-00083420-00083840 Cointelegraph. Like,subscribe and hodl. 58TuFnkjRh0-00000-00000188-00000722 I'm just talking to Lisa Rex, who is the Senior UX Researcher at Acquia 58TuFnkjRh0-00001-00000722-00000802 I'm just talking to Lisa Rex, who is the Senior UX Researcher at Acquia 58TuFnkjRh0-00002-00000802-00001287 and you've just done a great session about researching usability of websites 58TuFnkjRh0-00003-00001287-00001722 and increasing the usability of websites and giving us some tips on how you don't 58TuFnkjRh0-00004-00001722-00002193 fall flat on your face when you launch. I asked you a question in the session 58TuFnkjRh0-00005-00002193-00002584 which I wanted to ask you again on camera so all our 58TuFnkjRh0-00006-00002584-00002719 viewers on YouTube can 58TuFnkjRh0-00007-00002719-00002890 profit from your answer. 58TuFnkjRh0-00008-00002890-00003043 [The question] was: 58TuFnkjRh0-00009-00003043-00003469 How ... or... erm erm ... is the design ... erm 58TuFnkjRh0-00010-00003469-00003842 You do all the usability researching and then come up with a design that is hopefully 58TuFnkjRh0-00011-00003842-00004018 usable ... 58TuFnkjRh0-00012-00004018-00004188 does that entire design 58TuFnkjRh0-00013-00004188-00004533 have to be finished by the actual development starts? 58TuFnkjRh0-00014-00004533-00004968 So what we try to do is ... 58TuFnkjRh0-00015-00004968-00005383 No, essentially. The whole design is not completely finished, but what we do is 58TuFnkjRh0-00016-00005383-00005519 have fully fleshed out, 58TuFnkjRh0-00017-00005519-00005824 have fully fleshed out, 58TuFnkjRh0-00018-00005824-00005935 high fidelity 58TuFnkjRh0-00019-00005935-00006366 prototypes that we hand over to our developers, and how we get to that process is usually 58TuFnkjRh0-00020-00006366-00006813 getting some feedback at the earlier stages where there's maybe just some, 58TuFnkjRh0-00021-00006813-00006906 maybe an idea, I mentioned that we would just validate a road map 58TuFnkjRh0-00022-00006906-00007345 maybe an idea, I mentioned that we would just validate a road map 58TuFnkjRh0-00023-00007345-00007527 and then maybe we would show 58TuFnkjRh0-00024-00007527-00008000 them some wireframes - if there's time, it's not always the case - 58TuFnkjRh0-00025-00008000-00008235 And how does that fit into an agile process 58TuFnkjRh0-00026-00008235-00008471 because presumably you 58TuFnkjRh0-00027-00008471-00008830 do as much of the design as is necessary for the first sprint 58TuFnkjRh0-00028-00008830-00009144 Actually, no. We want to get 58TuFnkjRh0-00029-00009144-00009340 all of the design kind of laid out 58TuFnkjRh0-00030-00009340-00009510 so that we see how it works together 58TuFnkjRh0-00031-00009510-00009960 Because often there can be some surprises if you do in pieces 58TuFnkjRh0-00032-00009960-00010389 so we have the overall vision in place then, yes, the 58TuFnkjRh0-00033-00010389-00010883 developers will start with the most important things and start building those 58TuFnkjRh0-00034-00010883-00011170 So the design does evolve throughout the development stage? 58TuFnkjRh0-00035-00011170-00011603 Oh, it definitely can, yes, if we are getting feedback rating at a mid point and 58TuFnkjRh0-00036-00011603-00011789 we learn 58TuFnkjRh0-00037-00011789-00012139 the way that loads isn't going to help, then, yes. 58TuFnkjRh0-00038-00012139-00012206 the way that loads isn't going to help, then, yes. 58TuFnkjRh0-00039-00012206-00012392 So the second question ... 58TuFnkjRh0-00040-00012392-00012779 how do you and ensure that customers have confidence in the process because 58TuFnkjRh0-00041-00012779-00012897 if you cannot tell them right at the start of the process exactly how it's going to 58TuFnkjRh0-00042-00012897-00013234 if you cannot tell them right at the start of the process exactly how it's going to 58TuFnkjRh0-00043-00013234-00013581 look at the end of it, how do you keep their spirits up and ensure that they 58TuFnkjRh0-00044-00013581-00014006 don't lose faith? Okay, so we're fortunate at Acquia - we don't 58TuFnkjRh0-00045-00014006-00014239 have customers necessarily, 58TuFnkjRh0-00046-00014239-00014521 so we are building for our 58TuFnkjRh0-00047-00014521-00014964 internal stakeholders so our product owner is sort of our customer. 58TuFnkjRh0-00048-00014964-00015219 And the other thing is, 58TuFnkjRh0-00049-00015219-00015682 we don't actually have as tight deadlines as maybe some other client-facing 58TuFnkjRh0-00050-00015682-00015884 agencies we deal with but 58TuFnkjRh0-00051-00015884-00016166 you get to that point you know we 58TuFnkjRh0-00052-00016166-00016460 spend a lot of time scoping a project and figuring out how long the 58TuFnkjRh0-00053-00016460-00016874 design and development are going to take and break everything down so we 58TuFnkjRh0-00054-00016874-00017319 know what our "must haves" and so we focus on those. 58TuFnkjRh0-00055-00017319-00017440 So it's a question of 58TuFnkjRh0-00056-00017440-00017851 communication and 58TuFnkjRh0-00057-00017851-00018262 ensuring that you actually identify the problems that you're trying to solve - 58TuFnkjRh0-00058-00018262-00018440 correct - and ensure that there's confidence that that's going to be ... 58TuFnkjRh0-00059-00018440-00018840 And I'll be honest that the bulk of the validation that we do 58TuFnkjRh0-00060-00018840-00018956 usually happens 58TuFnkjRh0-00061-00018956-00019252 right after something is in beta 58TuFnkjRh0-00062-00019252-00019675 so it's live, people are using it, and we use that as a combination of 58TuFnkjRh0-00063-00019675-00020061 collecting the beta testers' feedback as well as the 58TuFnkjRh0-00064-00020061-00020209 research we do 58TuFnkjRh0-00065-00020209-00020437 and the questions we ask to the people 58TuFnkjRh0-00066-00020437-00020616 who're using it. 58TuFnkjRh0-00067-00020616-00020875 And one question I haven't prepared you for: 58TuFnkjRh0-00068-00020875-00021064 do you have a background in Drupal 58TuFnkjRh0-00069-00021064-00021374 development, or site-building - or how did you end up using Drupal? 58TuFnkjRh0-00070-00021374-00021730 I started doing site-building about four years ago 58TuFnkjRh0-00071-00021730-00022102 and before that I'd done some front-end work, so 58TuFnkjRh0-00072-00022102-00022566 so my Drupal site-building career didn't really take off. I did a little bit of theming, and I 58TuFnkjRh0-00073-00022566-00022844 have a module - 58TuFnkjRh0-00074-00022844-00023064 it's really simple. 58TuFnkjRh0-00075-00023064-00023205 Well you're a lot further ahead than I am 58TuFnkjRh0-00076-00023205-00023401 I've just done a little bit of site-building 58TuFnkjRh0-00077-00023401-00023589 so maybe one day - 58TuFnkjRh0-00078-00023589-00023856 It's really not impressive (this module), 58TuFnkjRh0-00079-00023856-00024160 it's just an exported view. 58TuFnkjRh0-00080-00024160-00024339 Okay, well maybe that's the next 58TuFnkjRh0-00081-00024339-00024467 step that I'll take. 58TuFnkjRh0-00082-00024467-00024749 Thanks very much for the interview - thanks for your time - and thanks very much for the session. It was great! 58TuFnkjRh0-00083-00024749-00024774 Thanks very much!