ZBr0p9DqA2g-00000-00000700-00001100 Drownings and close calls are eight times more likely to happen to kids who can't swim
ZBr0p9DqA2g-00001-00001100-00001350 or to kids being supervised by adults who can’t swim. 
ZBr0p9DqA2g-00002-00001350-00001800 It's why swimming lessons are a crucial water safety step.
ZBr0p9DqA2g-00003-00001800-00002400 In fact, swimming's the only sport that can save a life, and lessons are available to kids and adults of all ages. 
ZBr0p9DqA2g-00004-00002400-00002800 To know what's right for your child, do what I did and ask your pediatrician. 
ZBr0p9DqA2g-00005-00002800-00003400 Then ask your swim instructor to include other, age-appropriate water safety skills. 
ZBr0p9DqA2g-00006-00003400-00003900 For lessons, try your local Y, American Red Cross chapter or community pool. 
ZBr0p9DqA2g-00007-00003900-00004400 But remember, even good swimmers can drown, so make sure there’s always supervision.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00000-00000020-00000368 - So, today I want to talk a bit about Malloc for Everyone,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00001-00000368-00000593 and I will explain what I mean by that,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00002-00000680-00000807 and it's not exactly only malloc.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00003-00000807-00001272 But first I want to go over
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00004-00001272-00001653 you know just stating some fact about 2D computings
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00005-00001653-00001893 and what we're seeing overall in the market.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00006-00001989-00002101 So you know, for a long time,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00007-00002101-00002398 we've been looking at jobs on our servers
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00008-00002398-00002619 that are just being kind of boring accounting job.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00009-00002619-00002838 We had web server, we have the database,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00010-00002838-00003267 we had like things that are really kind of boring,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00011-00003267-00003614 if you will, but, in the last few years,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00012-00003614-00003770 we have seen a really,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00013-00003949-00004397 kind of a spread of various new workloads
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00014-00004397-00004502 that are highly parallel.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00015-00004502-00004919 For instance, EI, all the thing you can see
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00016-00004919-00005202 with model training, model execution.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00017-00005202-00005521 And they old, you know, fail be on musum,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00018-00005521-00005856 multiples of kind of, competition we can see for instance
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00019-00005856-00006138 image processing and recognition and all that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00020-00006138-00006354 and all these kind of new workload,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00021-00006354-00006714 they really really have a massively parallel can
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00022-00006714-00006939 of properties to them.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00023-00006939-00007420 And what we see is that CPU is not really that good
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00024-00007420-00007604 at actually executing this kind of workload
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00025-00007604-00008104 and we see GP, FPG or DSP being like 200 times faster
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00026-00008114-00008352 actually at crunching number on this kind of workload.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00027-00008352-00008784 It's various on image processing and bunch more,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00028-00008784-00009078 many manual stuff like fast-forwarding and all of that.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00029-00009078-00009464 So, we've seen this change of workload
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00030-00009464-00009665 we cannot expect everybody to run.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00031-00009665-00009908 And more and more people are doing this kind of workload
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00032-00009908-00010231 better across the board for many reasons.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00033-00010458-00010740 Another thing I want to point out is that we see
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00034-00010740-00011004 a really increase inside the programmers royalty
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00035-00011004-00011113 and you know people are studying
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00036-00011113-00011393 to build their program as blocks so you know
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00037-00011393-00011572 we're gonna use these blocks from these people
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00038-00011572-00011796 that does that thing and they're gonna use,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00039-00011796-00011933 this is a block from some other folks
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00040-00011933-00012074 that does these other things.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00041-00012074-00012260 And then we're gonna mix and match
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00042-00012260-00012356 a bunch of different blocks
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00043-00012356-00012493 that coming from different people
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00044-00012493-00012626 and then coming from different projects
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00045-00012626-00012714 and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00046-00012714-00013058 I think we have all seen how people just get up to
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00047-00013058-00013516 mix and match various library and various building blocks.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00048-00013516-00013896 And so you see much more, you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00049-00013896-00014215 you see programs that are not fully done
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00050-00014215-00014496 by only a team programmers but programs that is just
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00051-00014496-00014755 actually an integration of multiples or blocks,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00052-00014755-00015052 building blocks that have been done by multiples or people.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00053-00015052-00015345 And other thing we also see is like the,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00054-00015345-00015644 the program pipeline, that used to be your program
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00055-00015644-00015781 is just taking this kind of input,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00056-00015781-00016022 is giving you this kind of output,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00057-00016022-00016253 so we never seen much more people doing,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00058-00016253-00016500 having programs that are much more versatile
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00059-00016500-00016760 and people, the user, the end user can actually say
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00060-00016760-00016926 hey, I wanted that competition with that thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00061-00016926-00017234 and that other thing so you know, people kind of
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00062-00017234-00017524 build a competition graph on the go
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00063-00017524-00017812 and it's under the control of the end users.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00064-00017812-00018086 Another thing also is that we see the input
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00065-00018086-00018360 that I said is not only coming from the disk, local disk,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00066-00018360-00018624 but it can come from networks and it can come from
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00067-00018624-00018908 sensor, it can come from various other places
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00068-00018908-00019149 so you know, it used to be that the data
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00069-00019149-00019365 that we're getting has input inside another program
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00070-00019365-00019741 was coming for a very boring just final disk
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00071-00019741-00020067 but it's really much more diverse now.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00072-00020067-00020332 And the key point is that, basically what I want to get at
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00073-00020332-00020508 really is that the programmers,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00074-00020508-00020685 the people that are doing the program,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00075-00020685-00021054 they no longer control all the code that we are using.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00076-00021054-00021292 You know we just take that library and get out
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00077-00021292-00021438 with the visual library over,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00078-00021438-00021634 and we take this building block there
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00079-00021634-00021916 and we mix and match different things from different places
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00080-00021916-00022010 and from different people,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00081-00022010-00022178 and even sometimes from different languages.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00082-00022178-00022347 So you know you have like,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00083-00022347-00022534 hey this part of my program is actually python
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00084-00022534-00022648 and this part is actually C++
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00085-00022648-00022832 and this part is C and what not.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00086-00022832-00023136 So you know you see this mix and match of various things
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00087-00023136-00023407 across the board, and it does mean that, you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00088-00023407-00023624 people don't have over control
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00089-00023624-00023853 over what every block is doing, you know.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00090-00023853-00024247 We don't, we cannot fix or change every single blocks.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00091-00024247-00024382 What we want is to use blocks
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00092-00024382-00024612 and be able to mix and match different blocks.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00093-00024715-00025091 So, the point to that is that,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00094-00025309-00025392 the,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00095-00025527-00025832 everything processor does or GPU or FPG does,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00096-00025832-00026006 it's really working on data release.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00097-00026006-00026292 And when you look at it, I was already measuring that,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00098-00026292-00026472 the data is coming from various sources,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00099-00026472-00026719 nobody has used network, storage, sensors.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00100-00026719-00027105 And one of the issue when you have that is
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00101-00027105-00027439 if you're using multiple device, a CPU and GPU and what not,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00102-00027439-00027656 if every time you have to pass that around
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00103-00027656-00027958 you have to go through the CPU, it's kind of a
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00104-00027958-00028241 bottleneck really because CPU is kind of the middle man.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00105-00028241-00028449 I'm getting this data from network,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00106-00028449-00028588 this CPU is doing some processing,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00107-00028588-00028877 for instance the packet processing is the complex thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00108-00028877-00029079 to do from the packets and then,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00109-00029079-00029333 copying the data inside some memory buffer
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00110-00029333-00029520 and then the memory for it get copy again
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00111-00029520-00029733 inside the GPU for instance.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00112-00029733-00029952 And so you have like all these steps
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00113-00029952-00030241 going one after the other and the CPU is just a bottleneck
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00114-00030241-00030535 because the CPU is glorified eh, I'm getting data here
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00115-00030535-00030780 and I'm just giving it over to this other guy.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00116-00030780-00031136 And so, basically it's kind of a waste
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00117-00031136-00031377 and not something we want to,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00118-00031377-00031598 it's something we want to address basically.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00119-00031816-00032220 Another thing is also that you have an interleave of things.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00120-00032220-00032398 So you know you can start doing some competition
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00121-00032398-00032647 on your CPU, so let's say you do something that is
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00122-00032647-00032846 really prone to be done on CPU,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00123-00032846-00033084 and then you do some other algorithm
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00124-00033084-00033355 that is highly parallel and then you can do it on GPU,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00125-00033355-00033520 and you take the output of that and then you do
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00126-00033520-00033833 something else on the CPU and then you do something else
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00127-00033833-00034108 and it goes on an FPGA and then so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00128-00034108-00034446 So you're moving your computation pipeline is going
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00129-00034446-00034725 from one device the the next and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00130-00034725-00035133 And so, again, if every time you have to go from,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00131-00035133-00035391 let's say you want to go to a GPU to an FPGA.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00132-00035391-00035640 If you have to go through a CPU in between,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00133-00035640-00035786 it's kind of bottleneck so you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00134-00035786-00036000 if you have the CPU at the center of everything,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00135-00036000-00036297 you have like the CPU sitting as a middleman
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00136-00036297-00036543 and as a bottleneck to everybody.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00137-00036543-00036934 So that's really, I like CPU obviously too,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00138-00036934-00037225 but sometimes CPU, if it get in the way,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00139-00037225-00037433 I don't want them to waste their time basically
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00140-00037433-00037698 just by being a glorified middleman
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00141-00037698-00038012 that passes things around and just sit in between people.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00142-00038137-00038555 So then I wanted to clearly define what is an address space
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00143-00038555-00038791 before I go much more inside
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00144-00038791-00039015 what is the purpose of this talks.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00145-00039015-00039204 So an address space is really just a mapping
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00146-00039204-00039406 between a visual address and,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00147-00039406-00039556 which is a pointer inside your program.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00148-00039556-00039861 When you do malloc, you get a pointer out of malloc.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00149-00039861-00040043 When you do mmap of something, you get a pointer out of it.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00150-00040043-00040263 A pointer is just a virtual address
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00151-00040263-00040616 and the virtual address of mapping with physical memories
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00152-00040616-00040844 so you know like your program never really knows
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00153-00040844-00041107 what kind of physical memory is accessing to.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00154-00041107-00041409 Your program just gets virtual addresses and just use that.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00155-00041409-00041658 Your program is fully unaware about the mapping between
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00156-00041658-00041841 the virtual address and the physical memories
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00157-00041841-00041972 that is being used.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00158-00041972-00042237 And in fact, on most operating systems,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00159-00042237-00042508 that mapping can evolve during the lifetime of the program
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00160-00042508-00042814 so you know, you start with the same virtual address,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00161-00042814-00043022 at one point it's using this physical memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00162-00043022-00043238 and sometimes later on, the operating system
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00163-00043238-00043546 has been doing some of the stuff, and for some reason,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00164-00043546-00043703 you're using different physical memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00165-00043703-00043858 for the same virtual addresses.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00166-00043956-00044039 And it's just the operating system
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00167-00044039-00044123 that is doing stuff in the background
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00168-00044123-00044387 and you don't have no control from that on that front
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00169-00044387-00044570 inside your program, besides some Cisco
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00170-00044570-00044993 but lets ignore them for the purpose of this talk.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00171-00044993-00045213 So, each program inside your computer
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00172-00045213-00045471 has it's own address basically so when you
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00173-00045471-00045736 start exhibiting a program, you have your own address space.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00174-00045736-00045962 It means like all the malloc you do, it's,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00175-00045962-00046235 you don't share any addresses with any other processes
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00176-00046235-00046449 on your computers.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00177-00046449-00046929 And you start to sharing, so it's really, our process
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00178-00046929-00047150 is really the outcome of a four course exec
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00179-00047150-00047396 and so like, you can have some kind of sharing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00180-00047396-00047520 between the child and the parents
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00181-00047520-00047906 so you can integrate some of the pointers from your parents,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00182-00047906-00048130 but depends on all the flag you pass around.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00183-00048130-00048330 But the idea is really when you do fork and exec
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00184-00048330-00048532 you get a different address space inside the child
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00185-00048532-00048706 and from the parent.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00186-00048706-00048831 You also have CPU trends
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00187-00048831-00049000 that everybody is kind of worried of
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00188-00049000-00049203 and it's really where you see most other people doing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00189-00049203-00049483 what is, fork is kind of the dying, dying thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00190-00049483-00049653 from the old Linux days.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00191-00049653-00049855 People are much more using threads because threads
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00192-00049855-00050082 mean you have the same address space across all the threads
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00193-00050082-00050248 so it does mean that all the threads
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00194-00050248-00050490 on your program can exchange that between each other
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00195-00050490-00050758 because we have all the same address spaces.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00196-00050758-00050915 So you know, pointers on one thread
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00197-00050915-00051119 doesn't mean the same thing inside the other thread.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00198-00051119-00051234 And so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00199-00051334-00051609 And the bottom line here is really that the address space
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00200-00051609-00051811 technically on your process
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00201-00051811-00052008 is really managed by malloc and free.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00202-00052008-00052299 Malloc allocated virtual addresses and free just,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00203-00052299-00052582 free that virtual addresses.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00204-00052582-00052685 So malloc and free is really
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00205-00052685-00052998 what managed the address spaces.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00206-00052998-00053225 I'm talking from C point of view but you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00207-00053225-00053417 all the other languages and in behind it's just a
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00208-00053417-00053711 Cisco inside which can help, which is mmap and munmap
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00209-00053711-00053992 but you know from a C language purposes, malloc and free
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00210-00053992-00054263 and if you look at simple spaces gonna be new
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00211-00054263-00054354 and so on and so forth but in behind
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00212-00054354-00054628 it's the same Cisco that goes inside the same,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00213-00054628-00054802 inside the next kernels so it doesn't matter.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00214-00054972-00055220 So I know that we know what an address space is.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00215-00055220-00055379 Let's talk about device address spaces.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00216-00055379-00055564 So when you have the device,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00217-00055564-00055750 it can have it's own address spaces
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00218-00055750-00056095 that is different from your process CPU address spaces.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00219-00056095-00056335 And these kind of address spaces obviously managed
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00220-00056335-00056536 by different function and you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00221-00056536-00056775 depending on which device you use, it's just gonna be
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00222-00056775-00056935 some device, CPI, malloc, something,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00223-00056935-00057230 or device API malloc or device in, deivce PF3
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00224-00057230-00057422 and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00225-00057422-00057629 You know it's the same thing but different function
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00226-00057629-00057845 and it's kind of painful so,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00227-00057845-00058314 the idea is you have an address space on your devices
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00228-00058314-00058620 that doesn't match what you have on your CPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00229-00058620-00058872 so a pointer on your device doesn't mean the same thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00230-00058872-00059014 as on your CPU.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00231-00059014-00059370 And you know, you have this designation between the two
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00232-00059370-00059669 and so when you have to communicate that from your CPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00233-00059669-00060021 to a GPU for instance, you have to copy from one other space
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00234-00060021-00060204 to the other address space.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00235-00060204-00060401 And, you know it's kind of a,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00236-00060401-00060620 it's not that painful when you're doing just
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00237-00060620-00060791 some kind of flat data structure
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00238-00060791-00061087 so you an image, just like an array basically.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00239-00061087-00061371 Or when you're doing a, VM matrix vitriols
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00240-00061480-00061564 and that kind of stuff, it's kind of easy
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00241-00061564-00061873 because it's a flat thing, there is no pointer inside it.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00242-00061873-00062107 But it's really really hard and error prone
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00243-00062107-00062277 when you're starting to do that kind of thing,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00244-00062277-00062537 duplication from one address space to the other,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00245-00062537-00062780 when you have a lot of pointers inside the data structure
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00246-00062780-00063047 that you are trying to duplicate on the new address spaces.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00247-00063047-00063386 So if it's a lease or if it's a tree or if it's a graph
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00248-00063386-00063657 or you know, anytime you have pointers inside
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00249-00063657-00063859 the data structure you want to duplicate,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00250-00063859-00064049 it means you have to duplicate every pointers
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00251-00064049-00064460 and, I want to give you to walk through an example
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00252-00064460-00064670 with you, just a very simple example
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00253-00064754-00065035 of duplicating a list inside of the device address space.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00254-00065035-00065376 And let's say you get a listing entry and so,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00255-00065376-00065706 you first initialize the device, the device pointer
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00256-00065706-00065998 for duplicating the list inside the device, device list.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00257-00065998-00066190 So you're gonna go, least for H entry
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00258-00066190-00066564 you're gonna go over all the entry inside your CPU list.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00259-00066564-00066828 And for every entry, you're gonna devise API malloc,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00260-00066919-00067002 a new entry inside the device,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00261-00067174-00067415 and then you do not, you're gonna do device name copy
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00262-00067415-00067746 to copy the data of your, of your, from your CPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00263-00067746-00067960 to your device memory address spaces.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00264-00067960-00068214 Then you just initialize the next pointers
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00265-00068214-00068391 of your single leg-list.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00266-00068391-00068735 If you're not the first, the first nod in the list
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00267-00068735-00068944 then you know that there was a nod before you
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00268-00068944-00069111 and then you need to set the next pointer
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00269-00069111-00069221 of the previous node,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00270-00069221-00069413 but you need to use the device CPI point,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00271-00069413-00069620 the device pointers so you know, you're not talking
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00272-00069620-00069742 about the CPU pointer,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00273-00069742-00070084 you have to get the device pointer from that.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00274-00070084-00070349 And so, you know, it's a single list,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00275-00070349-00070514 it's already lot of courts,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00276-00070514-00070672 and if you have to do that for graph,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00277-00070672-00070894 or any other complex data set,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00278-00070894-00071152 it's really, really error prone and all that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00279-00071152-00071297 and when you have to debug something, let's say then,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00280-00071297-00071421 and you have to do the reverse
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00281-00071421-00071631 when your GPU is done for instance,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00282-00071631-00071857 so you're not in straight computation with the GPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00283-00071857-00071972 and the GPU might actually change that list, you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00284-00071972-00072180 might remove notes, might add stuff,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00285-00072180-00072400 and so on and so forth, and so the list you get
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00286-00072400-00072602 at the output of the GPU may be something different
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00287-00072602-00072795 so you might have to do the reverse operation
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00288-00072795-00073136 if you want to get the data back inside the list on the CPU.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00289-00073136-00073399 So it's, you know, you see, it's really,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00290-00073399-00073523 what it's really painful really,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00291-00073523-00073755 and we see the sample list example you can think of
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00292-00073755-00073948 which is one pointer so,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00293-00073948-00074209 look at your data search or look at people data search
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00294-00074209-00074356 who are when we're doing complex workloads
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00295-00074356-00074653 and you will see that they have much more than one pointer
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00296-00074653-00074891 for every note inside their graph and,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00297-00074891-00075087 it's really becoming really painful.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00298-00075087-00075308 And so then the question becomes,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00299-00075308-00075492 wouldn't it be easier if all the compute device
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00300-00075492-00075736 you have on your system can use the same address spaces
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00301-00075736-00076120 which means that via, for one pointers,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00302-00076120-00076402 you get the same physical memory across all your devices
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00303-00076402-00076578 and we all agree what that pointer
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00304-00076578-00076816 points to at every point in time.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00305-00076816-00077005 I mean, I think,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00306-00077005-00077175 I think it's kind of an abuse,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00307-00077175-00077421 yes it's definitely easier, you don't have to do any
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00308-00077421-00077625 of this copy, you don't have to do device manual log,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00309-00077625-00077764 you don't have to do device copy,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00310-00077764-00077990 you don't have to do hey, what is the device pointer
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00311-00077990-00078186 for that address and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00312-00078186-00078446 So you know it's much easier if,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00313-00078446-00078617 if you don't have to worry about A,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00314-00078617-00078753 what is this device address space,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00315-00078753-00078954 what needs to be CPU other space
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00316-00078954-00079212 and try to mix and match all of them.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00317-00079212-00079408 It's even worse when you have multiple devices.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00318-00079408-00079562 So I think you know, it's,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00319-00079665-00079812 it's kind of an obvious answer.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00320-00079812-00080018 And you might think well okay,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00321-00080018-00080252 so the solution is there,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00322-00080252-00080488 any sample you know we only have that extreme
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00323-00080488-00080717 on some nouveau for instance, naming the AGP
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00324-00080717-00080844 with the initial driver.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00325-00080844-00081232 We have that on some MDG CPU two.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00326-00081232-00081461 So it's something that does work, it does extreme,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00327-00081461-00081871 so you like, okay so maybe the, we all said, you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00328-00081871-00082181 the problem is fixed but there is one other thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00329-00082181-00082441 we need to take into account is that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00330-00082441-00082822 nobody we have multiple type of physical memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00331-00082822-00083063 You have your DDR DIMM that you used to have
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00332-00083063-00083239 so you know it's your main system memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00333-00083239-00083380 It's fast enough,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00334-00083380-00083620 around 60 gigabyte per second for instance.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00335-00083788-00084093 But you also see a new kind of type of memories
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00336-00084093-00084384 popping up on CPU, you have have HBM memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00337-00084384-00084581 which is really a fast memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00338-00084581-00084833 Depending on which CPU you're looking at,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00339-00084833-00085162 gonna be between 200 and one terabyte of bandwidth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00340-00085162-00085467 And you also have device memory, device,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00341-00085467-00085706 many devices have their own local memories
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00342-00085706-00085976 that is also much more, much more faster than
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00343-00085976-00086141 what you get inside the memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00344-00086141-00086421 Again, the range is, you know, can go up to
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00345-00086421-00086700 one terabyte of bandwidth, it's really, really fast.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00346-00086850-00087237 An ERV issue that you have all your device on the system
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00347-00087237-00087550 or tech on tech visit troller and with a CPU to be expressed
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00348-00087550-00087829 for instance, most common case in most systems.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00349-00087829-00088014 And that can really be a bottleneck,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00350-00088014-00088201 so you know that the PC express,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00351-00088201-00088463 if you have like 16 lane of PC express
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00352-00088463-00088772 on the PC express free is gonna be 32 gigabyte of bandwidth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00353-00088772-00089124 So it's of the bandwidth of memory which is kind of slow.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00354-00089124-00089351 So usually you want to,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00355-00089351-00089735 you know when you look at that, tell yourself,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00356-00089735-00089900 I want to use the fastest memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00357-00089900-00090343 a physical memory to back the range of virtual addresses.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00358-00090343-00090557 Remember the virtual addresses is pointing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00359-00090557-00090751 to some physical memory in periods of mapping
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00360-00090751-00091045 between the virtual address and the physical memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00361-00091045-00091198 And so at any point in time,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00362-00091198-00091420 you want to use the fastest memory possible
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00363-00091420-00091575 for whoever is using the work.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00364-00091575-00091693 So you know if you are on CPU,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00365-00091693-00091824 you want to use the fastest memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00366-00091824-00091970 from the CPU point of view.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00367-00091970-00092176 If you are on GPU, you want to use the fastest memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00368-00092176-00092368 from the GPU point of view.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00369-00092368-00092540 And if you are on the FPGA,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00370-00092540-00092624 you want to use the fastest memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00371-00092624-00092851 from the FPGA point of view, and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00372-00093034-00093350 And I was talking about at beginning that you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00373-00093350-00093646 the data set can move from one device to the other
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00374-00093646-00093763 so when you stop working on the CPU,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00375-00093763-00093890 then you do something else on the GPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00376-00093890-00094072 and then you do something else on the FPGA
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00377-00094072-00094316 and then you, maybe you do something else
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00378-00094316-00094546 on some network adapter, NRG may for instance.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00379-00094637-00094920 And so your data set is not, you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00380-00094920-00095108 always work on by just one computer.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00381-00095108-00095508 It can be work on by CPU, GPA, FPGA, and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00382-00095508-00095796 And so what is fastest at one point in time
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00383-00095796-00096073 might not be the fastest thing at the next point in time.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00384-00096073-00096286 When you move from CPU from CPU point of view,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00385-00096286-00096568 this memory might be faster than from GPU point of view.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00386-00096568-00096731 This other memory is faster.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00387-00096731-00097164 And it just exactly NUMA all over again.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00388-00097164-00097317 For people that aren't familiar with NUMA,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00389-00097317-00097492 NUMA is when you have multiple CPU,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00390-00097577-00097896 usually it used to be CPU so I got post with what NUMA,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00391-00097896-00098096 what it is, it's gonna be CPU on the send out.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00392-00098096-00098354 So you had multiple CPU and they are connected to each other
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00393-00098354-00098691 with a bus, and in time when CPU need to access the memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00394-00098691-00099032 that is actually so, each memory is tied to one CPU.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00395-00099032-00099253 And when you add one CPU, you need to access the memories
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00396-00099253-00099455 that is tied to another CPU.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00397-00099455-00099770 That CPU have to actually go talk to the second CPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00398-00099770-00100001 and this talk usually takes time,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00399-00100001-00100308 and add on C is a bottleneck because of bandwidth
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00400-00100308-00100650 between two CPU is not as fast as accessing local memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00401-00100650-00100733 So,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00402-00101026-00101240 what it means really to be able to use the fastest memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00403-00101240-00101453 at any point in time means, it means that you have to
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00404-00101453-00101707 be able to migrate the physical memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00405-00101707-00102027 backing of virtual addresses from one type of memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00406-00102027-00102218 to another type of memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00407-00102218-00102553 And you know, it's something we have been doing for NUMA
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00408-00102553-00102949 and so for that reason, we have a bunch of Cisco in API
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00409-00102949-00103238 that does all the need to do that on Linux.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00410-00103238-00103477 And I'm just listing the three we have.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00411-00103477-00103695 So we have migrate pages, we have move pages
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00412-00103695-00103980 and we have mbind, memory bind really,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00413-00103980-00104219 it's binding memory and I just want to go over each of them
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00414-00104219-00104416 and look at what they look like.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00415-00104416-00104722 So migrate pages is really, it's kind of a big hammer.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00416-00104722-00105025 It's really simple, you get the process ID,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00417-00105025-00105413 you, you give it at least of nodes so you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00418-00105413-00105673 max nodes is just the number of nodes you're gonna give him.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00419-00105673-00105941 And you say okay I want to go from that node
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00420-00105941-00106213 from the noma node to this new noma nodes.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00421-00106213-00106439 And it's gonna move all the pages at once
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00422-00106439-00106673 from one set of nodes to another set of nodes.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00423-00106673-00106913 So this kind of Cisco have been really done
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00424-00106913-00107199 because when you have noma system sometime you want to
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00425-00107199-00107394 move a process from a set of CPU's
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00426-00107394-00107655 and from one set of course to another set of course
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00427-00107655-00107871 because you know trying to node balance your workload
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00428-00107871-00108033 across multiple cores so you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00429-00108033-00108150 you don't want one core to sit,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00430-00108150-00108306 I don't know when you have one core that have
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00431-00108306-00108583 ton of processes working on the same course.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00432-00108583-00108753 So this is kind of the big hammer.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00433-00108850-00109005 And for the kind of work line I was talking about,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00434-00109005-00109181 you know when you have something running on CPU,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00435-00109181-00109271 something running on GPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00436-00109271-00109511 and all that happening concurrently,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00437-00109511-00109594 multiple threads and so on and so forth,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00438-00109594-00109821 you basically don't want to re-wait the whole process
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00439-00109821-00110059 that I set from one thing to the other.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00440-00110059-00110515 You just want to migrate range of your virtual addresses
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00441-00110515-00110749 the range that is work on GPU, want it to move to GPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00442-00110749-00110958 and the range that work on FPGA,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00443-00110958-00111196 you want it move to FPGA fastest memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00444-00111196-00111539 So it's not the one we're looking to, we want to have.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00445-00111539-00111733 The next one is move pages.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00446-00111733-00111924 So again you gave a processed ID
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00447-00111924-00112217 and you gave a list of virtual addresses,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00448-00112217-00112419 pages that actually list the virtual addresses.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00449-00112419-00112604 And you say I want to immigrate
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00450-00112604-00112746 every single virtual addresses
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00451-00112746-00113017 and it's just one page at at time.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00452-00113017-00113359 I want to move them to this new set of node.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00453-00113359-00113698 And so, it does move individual pages
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00454-00113698-00113956 and so it's really, you know it's highly flexible.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00455-00113956-00114173 You can A, you can say I want to move that page
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00456-00114173-00114372 and that other pages and that pages
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00457-00114372-00114533 and I want to move them there.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00458-00114659-00114871 The issue is that the kind of,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00459-00114871-00115104 the kind of data set we're looking into,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00460-00115104-00115447 node is really big, we're talking about images and all that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00461-00115447-00115697 that can take multiple gigabyte of memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00462-00115697-00115827 and we're talking about, you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00463-00115827-00116148 when you do inferences and EI, your data set input
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00464-00116148-00116483 is usually in multiple gigabyte, you know 32, 64 gigabyte.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00465-00116483-00116917 So it's a lot of pages really and if you at all match pages
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00466-00116917-00117039 that you have to move, just one gigabyte,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00467-00117039-00117189 it's a staggering amount.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00468-00117189-00117417 And so if every time you have to,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00469-00117417-00117748 you have to build this array of pages, pointers
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00470-00117748-00117863 for every time you want to move a gigabyte of memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00471-00117863-00118203 it's a long and time-consuming thing to do on a CPU.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00472-00118203-00118473 And yeah, cherry picking is really,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00473-00118473-00118575 it's really not efficient.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00474-00118575-00118983 It's not, so it doesn't look exactly what we want to do.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00475-00118983-00119170 The last one is memory bind.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00476-00119170-00119426 So this one take a virtual addresses,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00477-00119426-00119795 the size, so it's, you know just basically say
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00478-00119795-00120059 I want to run that range of virtual addresses
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00479-00120059-00120354 and then I want to move that range to these set of nodes
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00480-00120354-00120648 so the node mask is actually a bit map,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00481-00120648-00120883 and every time you set a bit inside that bit map,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00482-00120883-00121147 it means that that node that corresponds to that bit
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00483-00121147-00121283 is one of the memories
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00484-00121283-00121572 where you might want to move that memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00485-00121775-00121858 So,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00486-00121977-00122230 you know it's much more what looks like
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00487-00122230-00122470 what we want to do, so we want to be able to arrange
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00488-00122470-00122753 a range of virtual race to offset of one of nodes.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00489-00122753-00123100 Really it looks quite closely to what we want to achieve
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00490-00123100-00123471 to be able to migrate memory to device memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00491-00123642-00123905 There is few, few go check with that one.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00492-00124138-00124566 One other thing is that when you move to some device memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00493-00124566-00124760 this device memory is a constraint of rules.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00494-00124760-00125113 You know you might have like 16 gigabyte of device memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00495-00125113-00125305 but your main memory is one terabyte of memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00496-00125305-00125440 And your data set might not fit
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00497-00125440-00125584 inside the device memory at all
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00498-00125584-00125875 so you might have other processes using the device memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00499-00125979-00126208 When you're in program, it's all about sharing resources
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00500-00126208-00126533 across the board, and so what you really want to
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00501-00126533-00126850 be able to do, you want to be able to have an order list
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00502-00126850-00127187 of preferences where move your memory you say.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00503-00127187-00127490 For this one for virtual address, I would like for us to use
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00504-00127490-00127643 the fastest memory for the GPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00505-00127643-00127874 and you know that the second-fastest memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00506-00127874-00128056 gonna be that one and so you say well,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00507-00128056-00128371 try this one first, if you run out of the first one,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00508-00128371-00128549 try this other second physical memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00509-00128549-00128822 and if you run out of second one, try the third one.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00510-00128822-00129055 You know you have this kind of fall back list
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00511-00129055-00129335 where you say I want to go first try to use the fastest one
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00512-00129335-00129591 and then the second fastest and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00513-00129703-00130000 So you know, the nodemask thing is kind of a wasteful thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00514-00130000-00130206 because it doesn't give you an order, just a bit map
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00515-00130206-00130366 that just say this is a list of things
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00516-00130366-00130654 where you can migrate memory but it's not an order list.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00517-00130654-00130937 You don't know which one is the preferential one.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00518-00131076-00131164 So,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00519-00131297-00131519 another issue we have is that,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00520-00131741-00131867 node is really a new Mac concept
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00521-00131867-00132226 and node is really tied to CPU and CPU core and CPU socket.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00522-00132226-00132360 It's for its recall reason
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00523-00132360-00132564 because that's where NUMA did start.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00524-00132714-00133000 A node completely failed to capture the complexity
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00525-00133000-00133291 you find inside a node, so when you have a CPU,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00526-00133291-00133545 your CPU might be connected to multiple devices.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00527-00133545-00133808 You know, if you're just look at your desktop
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00528-00133808-00134124 or your laptop, just one more node basically and you have,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00529-00134124-00134538 you know you have your GPU, you have your SIM card,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00530-00134538-00134816 you have your network, you have your WiFi control
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00531-00134816-00134937 and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00532-00134937-00135321 And inside each node you also have different kind of memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00533-00135321-00135632 so you have your CPU main memory, your DDR DIMM.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00534-00135632-00135836 You also have your CPU HBM memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00535-00135836-00136088 so it's on a stack on top of CPU.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00536-00136088-00136329 You could have personal memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00537-00136329-00136596 what we're seeing popping up now.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00538-00136596-00136724 And personal memory is kind of the memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00539-00136724-00136967 that is slightly slower than your main memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00540-00136967-00137092 but it's much bigger usually
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00541-00137092-00137384 so you know you can easily get one drawback done
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00542-00137384-00137589 of personal memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00543-00137589-00137988 So instead of giving a node, basically we want to
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00544-00137988-00138213 be able to specify a physical memory directly.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00545-00138213-00138377 We don't want to see this node,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00546-00138377-00138651 we want to say inside that node this physical memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00547-00138651-00139090 So we want to be able to point out the exact physical memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00548-00139090-00139294 and not just an older node where there is
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00549-00139294-00139509 many many different things inside the node.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00550-00139626-00140056 So what we really want, at least from my point of view,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00551-00140056-00140218 is this kind of cease code.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00552-00140218-00140461 So the name really came be anything,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00553-00140461-00140599 I don't mind the naming.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00554-00140599-00140841 So it's exactly like mbind pretty much,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00555-00140841-00141106 so you give all virtual addresses, you give a size
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00556-00141106-00141558 and then you give the node really so you,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00557-00141558-00141752 the node is kind of flags here so you can,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00558-00141752-00142149 really doesn't matter but it's the same thing as mbind
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00559-00142149-00142305 as a node argument too.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00560-00142305-00142591 And then you list, you give a list, an order list
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00561-00142591-00142790 of physical memory ID's
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00562-00142790-00143169 where you actually want to migrate the thing.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00563-00143169-00143360 And that list is just so you say
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00564-00143360-00143595 the first one entering the list to the first one
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00565-00143595-00143695 you want migrate the range,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00566-00143695-00143859 so this is really the one you want to use
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00567-00143859-00144037 and the second one is like, well,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00568-00144037-00144204 if you run out of first one,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00569-00144204-00144403 try to allocate on the second one
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00570-00144403-00144529 and if you run out of second one
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00571-00144529-00144776 try to look in the third one and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00572-00144932-00145255 So you know it's,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00573-00145255-00145526 it can also be a replacement for mbind really because
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00574-00145526-00145712 it really can do the same thing as mbind.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00575-00145712-00145915 And usually when you have mbind and when you look at
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00576-00145915-00146153 the mbind Cisco and if you do a system praise
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00577-00146153-00146433 on most of the many workloads you will see that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00578-00146433-00146610 mbind usually have a node mass
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00579-00146610-00146890 because only very few bit sets, so the size of the
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00580-00146890-00147122 physical memory ID will be really small
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00581-00147122-00147346 because most of the time you know people, we don't,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00582-00147346-00147481 we don't go and do mbind
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00583-00147481-00147704 and try to use all the node basically we just say,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00584-00147704-00147959 hey go do mbind I'm gonna use this and this node
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00585-00147959-00148204 you know only like a, I'm full of node basically.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00586-00148362-00148611 So this is really what I want to get at,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00587-00148611-00148855 this is kind of Cisco would like to get inside the links
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00588-00148855-00149223 cannot all be able to do a physical memory migration.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00589-00149223-00149519 And one thing that is missing here is
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00590-00149519-00149824 we need to be available to identify the physical memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00591-00149824-00150057 which includes all device memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00592-00150057-00150336 And what we have today in sudden use canal,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00593-00150336-00150703 so we have like this directory where you can look at ID
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00594-00150703-00150988 for NUMA system basically.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00595-00150988-00151216 So it's Cis device system memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00596-00151216-00151527 It's kind of breaks suddenly, so you will get a file,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00597-00151527-00151950 and ID for every 128 megabyte of memory on x86
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00598-00151950-00152215 so it means if you have like a,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00599-00152215-00152715 64 gigabyte you will have a 512 ID for every 64 gigabyte
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00600-00152752-00152989 but that 64 gigabyte is the same kind of memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00601-00152989-00153170 so you know it's kind of a waste to have so many ID
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00602-00153170-00153253 for the same memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00603-00153253-00153599 It's a, it was done for some weird m m reason.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00604-00153599-00153761 At a time it looks like a good idea
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00605-00153761-00154040 but I think everybody kind of agrees it was really
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00606-00154040-00154190 one of the worst thing we did.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00607-00154433-00154516 So,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00608-00154647-00154949 and also there is another thing to know about is that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00609-00154949-00155187 we have a lot of existing programs running today
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00610-00155187-00155404 and this program look inside that directory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00611-00155404-00155667 and we look at the ID inside that directory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00612-00155667-00156078 and we expect that this ID match memory with
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00613-00156078-00156372 some kind of expectation which is like the memories
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00614-00156372-00156602 cache coherency the memory can do automatic
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00615-00156602-00156851 and so on and so forth, you know it's your main memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00616-00156851-00157122 so people have been used to have this main memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00617-00157122-00157303 can do all these kind of things.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00618-00157303-00157556 The thing with device memory is the device memory might not
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00619-00157556-00157977 actually have the same memory model as your main memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00620-00157977-00158281 For instance, device memory may not be cache coherent.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00621-00158281-00158394 So that means that when the CPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00622-00158394-00158564 don't access the device memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00623-00158564-00158687 it cannot to cache coherency,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00624-00158687-00158850 you don't have any cache coherency.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00625-00158850-00159049 Obviously from a CPU thread point of view,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00626-00159049-00159180 it's really kind of a,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00627-00159180-00159361 you know it kind of break your programming model
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00628-00159361-00159666 from you CoC++ program model.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00629-00159666-00159833 You also have lot of issue with atomics
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00630-00159833-00160168 and so on and so forth so obviously if you start
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00631-00160168-00160363 to put device memory inside that directory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00632-00160363-00160584 and you start to put, and you have all program
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00633-00160584-00160852 that are not aware of that, we might start to use
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00634-00160852-00161040 the device memory and so many things will break
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00635-00161040-00161202 because device memory you cannot do
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00636-00161202-00161410 atomics and cache coherency and their program will break
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00637-00161410-00161589 in a weird way, and we don't understand why
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00638-00161589-00161721 and we're gonna complain.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00639-00161721-00161983 So obviously we cannot suddenly not reuse the system,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00640-00161983-00162356 system memory as it is, we need something new.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00641-00162533-00162616 So we need,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00642-00162771-00163069 we need some kind of, so the way the thing works
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00643-00163069-00163255 inside and is not for that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00644-00163255-00163424 what we call the device driver model.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00645-00163424-00163774 So we need a new device driver model for the physical memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00646-00163774-00163926 and we want something really simple,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00647-00163926-00164181 we want one ID by per type of memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00648-00164181-00164565 so you know if you have system for gigabyte of DIMM
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00649-00164565-00164785 inside your system, we want one ID for that.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00650-00164785-00165170 If you have a 30, 32 gigabyte of HBM on your CPU,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00651-00165170-00165316 you want an ID for that.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00652-00165316-00165486 If you have another NUMA node,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00653-00165486-00165707 with another one terabyte of memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00654-00165707-00165920 you want an ID for that and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00655-00165920-00166213 So you know we want an ID per type of memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00656-00166213-00166492 And each node can have multiple ID because each node
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00657-00166492-00166642 can have multiple type of memory you know
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00658-00166642-00166948 one node was HBM, DDR, personal memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00659-00166948-00167215 and we also, it's the same for device.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00660-00167215-00167499 So when you have a device that is inside the node
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00661-00167499-00167795 attached to the CPU, you know that device itself
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00662-00167795-00168116 can have HBM, can have DDR, can have personal memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00663-00168116-00168279 and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00664-00168279-00168562 So you know we want some kind of new directory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00665-00168562-00168862 so again, the naming I don't care about the naming really.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00666-00168862-00169200 And inside, so inside that directory mainly what you have
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00667-00169200-00169534 is one file for every device, every memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00668-00169534-00169651 every physical memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00669-00169738-00169989 The name of the file is just VIV actually.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00670-00169989-00170371 And inside that thing you get a link to the node.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00671-00170371-00170666 So the node so, one other thing is that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00672-00170666-00170984 every CPU is on a node and every device is on a node
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00673-00170984-00171235 because every device is connected to a CPU so
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00674-00171235-00171523 you always have these kind of links between the two.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00675-00171523-00171750 And you also, if the memory you're looking at
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00676-00171750-00171944 is also a memory from a device memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00677-00171944-00172141 then you also want to have a link to the device
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00678-00172141-00172341 so you know A, this memory belongs to that device.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00679-00172341-00172602 You want to be able to know what kind of connection.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00680-00172602-00172831 And you can also want, definitely want to have mention
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00681-00172831-00173080 formation, like what is the bandwidth, what is the latency
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00682-00173080-00173224 so you can compare so you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00683-00173224-00173481 when you have two memory on the device
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00684-00173481-00173706 and you want to be able to know A, which is the fastest,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00685-00173706-00173961 what is, this one is the lowest latency,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00686-00173961-00174188 this one is the fastest and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00687-00174188-00174410 So you want to have this kind of formation available
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00688-00174410-00174553 to the application.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00689-00174553-00174679 So this is what,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00690-00174774-00174995 these are the two thing I really want to get to
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00691-00174995-00175276 and I've been working then, posting bunch of patches
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00692-00175276-00175518 around that topics so you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00693-00175620-00176047 two things is a new Cisco need a bunch of new ID's
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00694-00176047-00176438 and so the ID's, the ID's side of thing is that thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00695-00176438-00176787 so you know a new directory with physical memory ID
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00696-00176787-00177170 and view all other Cisco to be able to migrate memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00697-00177170-00177465 And that's really all I have on that front
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00698-00177465-00177851 and what I want to ask is like, anybody against anything or?
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00699-00178025-00178241 (microphone dropping)
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00700-00178241-00178563 - Just on the last bit of device memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00701-00178735-00179108 That seems fine when you've got something static.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00702-00179108-00179397 What happens if the device disappears, do you like,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00703-00179397-00179661 have I, if I have an application and I've read
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00704-00179661-00180035 my system device memory ID list and I've decided I wanna use
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00705-00180035-00180338 these ID's and then the device disappears, how do I find,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00706-00180338-00180590 like is there gonna be, do you have a notification method
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00707-00180590-00180853 or something that tells you when you have memory ID's appear
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00708-00180853-00181054 or some of the ones you're using disappear because
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00709-00181054-00181382 I could see if a user-space prof is reading this once,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00710-00181382-00181595 traveling along in its way and then finding out in like
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00711-00181595-00181798 four days that the graphics card went away
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00712-00181798-00181959 and then trying to still use it and getting you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00713-00181959-00182213 inval or RPO, just...
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00714-00182213-00182374 - Yeah so right now we have the same issue
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00715-00182374-00182680 with the existing directory of exiting FS
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00716-00182680-00182899 so you can have the file that match
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00717-00183079-00183351 DDR DIMM disappearing on you.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00718-00183351-00183657 And suddenly the same ID can be reused for a new CPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00719-00183657-00183886 so it can kind of pop up at different places
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00720-00183886-00184205 for different memory, so there is already this issue
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00721-00184205-00184461 but we can use bunch of system Cisco where you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00722-00184461-00184828 you get a file event whenever the file goes away.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00723-00184828-00185028 So you know there is this, there is a way to fix that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00724-00185028-00185251 from a file system point of view.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00725-00185251-00185491 It's not fully hook up last time I checked.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00726-00185491-00185784 So right now I don't think, I don't thinK you get a signal
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00727-00185784-00186150 when inside system memory when one of the device goes,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00728-00186150-00186310 one of the directory goes away.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00729-00186310-00186436 I think there is no signal right now.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00730-00186436-00186658 - Yeah I don't, I'm more worried about
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00731-00186658-00186896 establishing a new order where we just like,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00732-00186896-00187132 people write applications that assume it's static
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00733-00187132-00187354 because they will if it is and if they're not given
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00734-00187354-00187664 an upfront way to check, they'll write the first,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00735-00187664-00187951 five years application and all be dealing with an S Static.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00736-00187951-00188304 - Yeah so my solution to that is to never recycle ID's.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00737-00188304-00188648 So when you give an ID, that ID will never be used again.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00738-00188648-00188879 So you know it was used once for that physical memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00739-00188879-00189104 but it will never be used again so that you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00740-00189104-00189413 if you got a Cisco from an application that used that ID
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00741-00189413-00189654 you say well, you have an old view of the world
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00742-00189654-00189802 but I'm just gonna ignore it.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00743-00189802-00189959 - How do you, like making sure that there's
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00744-00189959-00190212 some defined error code that return saying
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00745-00190212-00190562 your ID of the world is bad, please look at it again.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00746-00190562-00190648 - Yeah.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00747-00190814-00191051 - [Man In Crowd] Defining the binding error codes I suppose
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00748-00191051-00191278 to be a bit more than just e inval.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00749-00191278-00191701 - Yeah like something, yeah so one other Cisco actually
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00750-00191701-00191818 this one,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00751-00191908-00192093 this one morph pages,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00752-00192093-00192223 the stages are very basically
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00753-00192223-00192550 give you a bunch of stages about what was the end result
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00754-00192550-00192824 of the remuneration so we can have the same kind of thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00755-00192824-00192996 basically say hey, this is the list of things
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00756-00192996-00193314 that can happen and here is what happened in the end.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00757-00194256-00194419 - First of all I would like to thank you
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00758-00194419-00194591 for your research.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00759-00194734-00194979 Now, listening to that, I'm returning to
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00760-00194979-00195181 the early days of the micro controllers
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00761-00195181-00195566 where we had separate memory spaces for flash,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00762-00195566-00196066 for onchipram, for external ram, whatever it was.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00763-00196127-00196627 So from this point of view the illustration here
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00764-00196659-00196851 seems very similar.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00765-00196851-00197351 That is because when the memory space was designed,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00766-00197407-00197873 there were even no idea about PCIE for example
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00767-00197873-00198358 where your end point device may become buzzmaster.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00768-00198358-00198637 And request to transfer memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00769-00198763-00199263 Now they seems that we need significant changes, you say.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00770-00199412-00199793 The problem that I see, first this for example,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00771-00199793-00200198 the PCI devices which has limited memory window
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00772-00200198-00200514 compared to the base address register
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00773-00200514-00200940 so they cannot see the whole memory of the system.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00774-00200940-00201303 They would need to continue assistance
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00775-00201303-00201574 from the microprocessor,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00776-00201574-00201849 programming the base address register to be able
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00777-00201849-00202129 to see the memory which they want to see.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00778-00202129-00202485 - So you're talking about the device accessing the m memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00779-00202485-00202568 - [Man In Crowd] Yeah.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00780-00202568-00202767 - So that's actually, there is no,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00781-00202767-00202901 so it's only the other way around.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00782-00202901-00203102 It's when the CPU access the device memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00783-00203102-00203258 then you have the PC express bar.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00784-00203258-00203504 The other way around is always, it's called a,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00785-00203676-00204013 TLP, TLD, so it's a package, so the PC express
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00786-00204013-00204276 is a packet particle, so it's kind of a network actually
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00787-00204276-00204540 so when the device want to access m memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00788-00204540-00204723 it sends the packet to the CPU.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00789-00204723-00204938 Then that package has a virtual address,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00790-00204938-00205162 a physical, device base address actually.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00791-00205162-00205455 And that address can be translated by an IO menu
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00792-00205455-00205700 if you have an IO menu-- - We don't have,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00793-00205700-00205917 - If you have an IO menu, if you don't have an IO menu
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00794-00205917-00206127 and if you want, so basically if you want to be
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00795-00206127-00206538 PCI press compliance, the device must be able to access
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00796-00206538-00206707 any physical addresses.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00797-00206707-00207100 - Yeah it have to be able to access any particular address
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00798-00207100-00207467 but it should have programmed the base address register
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00799-00207467-00207688 for that, right? - No.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00800-00207791-00208009 That's for the wiring, the base address register is when,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00801-00208009-00208272 is when the CPU is sitting at PC express bar.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00802-00208392-00208651 So it's when you're going from CPU trying to access
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00803-00208651-00208768 device memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00804-00208768-00209058 But if you going from the device, which can be anything,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00805-00209058-00209283 so the device want to access main memory,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00806-00209283-00209551 then it goes from the device to the CPU.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00807-00209551-00209755 And in that other direction,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00808-00209755-00209963 if you are PC express compliant,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00809-00209963-00210144 PC express three compliant I think,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00810-00210144-00210432 it's monitory with PC express three I think.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00811-00210432-00210837 Then you need to be able to access any physical memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00812-00210837-00210994 - Okay.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00813-00210994-00211494 So basically, we really need such effort.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00814-00211534-00212034 I think that but people will also appreciate it greatly
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00815-00212064-00212440 because there are a lot of back scaling issues,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00816-00212440-00212940 bandwidth calculation done in the back world
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00817-00212955-00213398 which highlights to the memory buses.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00818-00213398-00213582 - So the issue with bandwidth,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00819-00213582-00213796 when you report the bandwidth number,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00820-00213796-00213980 you know it's the best case bandwidth really
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00821-00213980-00214196 because you know other thing might be happening on the bus,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00822-00214196-00214438 multiple device might be trying to access the same memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00823-00214438-00214560 and so on and so forth.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00824-00214560-00214896 So when you report the bandwidth of any links between
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00825-00214896-00215281 any kind of two device, CPU device or two devices together,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00826-00215281-00215415 it's the best case scenario.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00827-00215415-00215587 So what you're telling the people,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00828-00215587-00215904 in the best case if you're the only one using that processes
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00829-00215904-00216192 that the best thing you might be able to achieve.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00830-00216310-00216571 So I don't know if that answer what--
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00831-00216571-00216901 - Yeah yeah, just this work will be appreciated by them.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00832-00216901-00217248 - Yeah, I believe you know I'm not doing that because
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00833-00217248-00217479 everything is cool, I believe there is a lot of people
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00834-00217479-00217669 that would like to see something like that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00835-00217669-00217881 and what I really want to get at is like
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00836-00217881-00218135 do people like V Cisco and, you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00837-00218354-00218640 do you like that kind of Cisco and do you,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00838-00218640-00218882 do you like also to be able to have a new way to,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00839-00218882-00219183 I don't know, defy every physical memory on your system.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00840-00219183-00219432 Because right now there is no way to identify
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00841-00219432-00219561 every physical memory, like no common way.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00842-00219561-00219863 So if you want to know the, if you wanted to use
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00843-00219863-00220165 some GPU memory you will have to used to this GPU driver
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00844-00220165-00220365 and if you want to use FPGA then you will have to use
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00845-00220365-00220553 to talk to this FPGA driver.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00846-00220553-00220821 And every driver have it's own API,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00847-00220821-00221090 it's on O-U-C-K-L and so on and so forth so,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00848-00221090-00221480 you have to learn to speak 10, 20, 50 languages
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00849-00221480-00221766 before being able to use all of these devices together
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00850-00221766-00222130 and what I wanted to go, to have is some kind of Cisco,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00851-00222130-00222367 let's say this is a common language for everybody
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00852-00222367-00222532 and if you want to talk with everybody,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00853-00222532-00222777 if you have this common languages and people can,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00854-00222777-00222986 you know, we don't have to, program don't have to
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00855-00222986-00223233 learn about all the languages basically.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00856-00223233-00223537 - Jerome, should you take a vote?
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00857-00223537-00223762 (laughing)
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00858-00224102-00224296 - I know you're gonna hate me for this.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00859-00224431-00224877 So this is fine if you're just moving linear memory around
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00860-00224877-00225023 but what happens if you have a device
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00861-00225023-00225319 who has a tiling axis pattern that makes the device memory
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00862-00225477-00225560 twice as fast if you use the tiling axis pattern.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00863-00225560-00225861 How do you intend to expose something like that or...
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00864-00225861-00226075 - So you mean tiling from the physical point of view
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00865-00226075-00226255 or tiling - Yes exact, yeah.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00866-00226255-00226536 So there's a video ram and if you access it linearly
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00867-00226536-00226764 it goes up one X and if you access the tile
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00868-00226764-00227056 it goes at four x, is that separate physical memory ID's
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00869-00227056-00227286 or is that, you know.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00870-00227286-00227657 - So actually if you look at mbind, so if you look at mbind,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00871-00227657-00227894 the mode actually, have a natural leaf flag.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00872-00227992-00228180 So you know you can think about hey,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00873-00228180-00228307 maybe we need a flag for eventually
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00874-00228307-00228461 but the tiling we have on GPU like you know
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00875-00228461-00228737 the variety of different tiling we have and
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00876-00228737-00228994 some tiling gonna be really good for that other structure
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00877-00228994-00229189 and other tiling gonna be good for that thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00878-00229189-00229355 and will depend on the size of the picture
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00879-00229355-00229474 or like you know,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00880-00229579-00229906 so yeah I agree with you that kind of the tallying thing
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00881-00229906-00230354 is, I do not see how I can fit tiling inside that.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00882-00230354-00230665 And I think it's really kind of specific to the device
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00883-00230665-00230901 but it does not mean that the device by itself
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00884-00230901-00231123 so you know when you do a PNP mbind,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00885-00231123-00231329 you will have a callback inside the device
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00886-00231329-00231426 or inside the cam bell.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00887-00231426-00231644 And then you can assume that the device driver
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00888-00231644-00232144 have some knowledge, so you it's kind of a side band
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00889-00232154-00232381 to do that, I don't know if we want to have really
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00890-00232381-00232514 that explicitly here.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00891-00232514-00232734 I'm not against having something explicit here
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00892-00232734-00232898 but if I have to explain tiling,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00893-00232898-00233150 GPU tilings to random people,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00894-00233259-00233479 we will just hate me for that and it's like.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00895-00233742-00233865 - [Man In Crowd] What if we have multiple associated buffers
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00896-00233975-00234129 like we do with some GPU's today who--
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00897-00234129-00234383 - You mean so like multiple different physical addresses
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00898-00234383-00234538 that will get used?
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00899-00234538-00234876 - Yeah like today for rendering you have,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00900-00234876-00235121 for intel rendering for instance for,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00901-00235121-00235398 you have a scan out buffer with a particular scan out mode
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00902-00235398-00235713 it will actually require separate memory spaces,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00903-00235713-00235985 separate buffers to be assigned to the
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00904-00235985-00236241 same object effectively.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00905-00236241-00236548 - Yeah so it's not, so here I'm kind of ignoring
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00906-00236548-00236729 any thing about graphics because graphics
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00907-00236729-00237011 has many socan rock cases, like the one you just,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00908-00237011-00237229 so you know I don't want to really use that fully
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00909-00237229-00237394 for graphics.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00910-00237394-00237589 I know that some folks-- - I thought it went malloc
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00911-00237589-00237739 for everybody.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00912-00237739-00238017 (laughing)
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00913-00238017-00238267 Malloc for everybody but me. - Yeah.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00914-00238267-00238398 (laughing)
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00915-00238398-00238678 So for graphics I believe like volcan things
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00916-00238678-00239046 will you know, in many cases in volcan for texture
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00917-00239046-00239250 and things that doesn't have this kind of thing,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00918-00239250-00239380 you can use that.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00919-00239380-00239615 But there will be corner cases for GPU
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00920-00239615-00239765 like scan out buffer,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00921-00240010-00240333 the sport structure on some GPU will not be able to do that
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00922-00240333-00240515 and you know there will be corner cases
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00923-00240515-00240717 where you don't want to use malloc's sadly.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00924-00240717-00241040 I wish but, I think that you know it's more like
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00925-00241040-00241294 the outwear people need to fix to be able to be,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00926-00241294-00241578 to use malloc also for scan out buffer.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00927-00241578-00241773 But you know if you go to talk to them.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00928-00241773-00242006 They, I know it's like they--
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00929-00242165-00242444 - And do you wanna try and put some more sophisticated
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00930-00242444-00242809 properties in here like a prop list of what the properties,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00931-00242809-00243058 the memory are instead of just the flags?
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00932-00243058-00243314 - So you get the property of the memory from
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00933-00243314-00243478 the CISS FS directory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00934-00243478-00243669 Inside the CISS FS directory so,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00935-00243769-00244002 - Yeah but the property of how the memory is being used
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00936-00244002-00244227 for this particular-- - Oh, okay so yeah,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00937-00244227-00244381 it's gonna be used for read only,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00938-00244381-00244623 it's gonna be used read mostly, it's gonna be used--
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00939-00244623-00244778 - For strive, - Yeah.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00940-00244778-00244991 - Piling patterns-- - Yes that's goes back
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00941-00244991-00245215 to the tiling thing you know.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00942-00245215-00245367 - You were talking about just using flags
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00943-00245367-00245621 and we've ended up having to go to a list of properties
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00944-00245621-00245715 for the memory.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00945-00245715-00245957 - Yeah. - So more complicated API.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00946-00245957-00246101 - The issue there is like you know
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00947-00246101-00246266 trying to sell Cisco to people
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00948-00246266-00246420 and you're trying to say this is during Cisco
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00949-00246420-00246690 for any kind of devices and if we are,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00950-00246690-00246886 the GPU things we have is--
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00951-00246886-00247032 - If you can solve the GPU problem,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00952-00247032-00247192 you can solve anybody's problem though I'm sure.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00953-00247192-00247350 - Yeah that's true, I agree.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00954-00247350-00247611 (laughing)
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00955-00247611-00247805 So yeah I can actually add properties
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00956-00247805-00248052 like exactly what like we have in during.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00957-00248052-00248300 At least properties and then people can pass down
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00958-00248300-00248456 the list of properties and then we have to learn
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00959-00248456-00248573 about the properties,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00960-00248573-00248778 and it's something I'm open to, you know.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00961-00248901-00249151 It's just selling a Cisco is really hard
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00962-00249151-00249273 and if you have to explain every,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00963-00249273-00249451 you know you have to explain every argument
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00964-00249451-00249640 and what is behind every argument
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00965-00249640-00249848 and what is the reason behind every argument so,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00966-00249848-00250048 and at the same time once you have a Cisco,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00967-00250048-00250278 you know Cisco is frozen in time so if you hold
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00968-00250278-00250517 everything you need then, so maybe I should actually
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00969-00250517-00250735 go to the hard way and have everything we need,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00970-00250735-00250996 I just for GPU and say because GPU has been around
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00971-00250996-00251243 for long enough and we have so many things.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00972-00251243-00251616 We can assume that we have the most complex example
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00973-00251616-00251792 and if we can address the most complex things
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00974-00251792-00251924 then we should be able--
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00975-00251924-00252017 - [Man In Crowd] I'm sure that it will solve
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00976-00252017-00252124 anything you could potentially...
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00977-00252124-00252247 - Anything you throw at us, now,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00978-00252247-00252442 we already do anything you throw at us.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00979-00252544-00252696 - [Man In Crowd] We'll come up with more crazy I'm sure.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00980-00252696-00252829 - Yeah I'm sure.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00981-00252829-00252946 You know if it's at least a 40's
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00982-00252946-00253056 then you have at least a 40's
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00983-00253056-00253216 so you cannot new probe list to the Cisco.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00984-00253216-00253508 - [Man In Crowd] Right, yeah properties with values,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00985-00253508-00253591 it's, yeah.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00986-00253725-00254036 And it's so easy to use with the security models
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00987-00254036-00254195 and function tracing and,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00988-00254195-00254392 - Yeah also. - People like that.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00989-00254392-00254567 - Yeah they like because they can see what is happening
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00990-00254567-00254697 because right now when you--
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00991-00254697-00254923 - They like the big arrays of external values so you can,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00992-00254923-00255351 yeah, so, security model just explodes in your face and.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00993-00255351-00255483 - Yeah because right now, yeah,
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00994-00255483-00255721 with I-O-C-T-L, all the VI still to GPU.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00995-00255721-00255932 All the secret kept tools people we with IV
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00996-00255932-00256116 have absolutely no clue what we're doing.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00997-00256116-00256334 And we sometimes we do nasty stuff.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00998-00256559-00256703 - [Moderator] Okay, we're about at the end.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-00999-00256703-00256969 Let's thank the speaker and good questions.
ZDYD3A4BkVu-01000-00256969-00257052 Lunch time.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00000-00000015-00000158 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00001-00000158-00000398 - I wanna thank you, first of all, for coming out
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00002-00000398-00000826 on a Friday afternoon, your presence here clearly shows
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00003-00000826-00001253 the importance of this topic to our community right now.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00004-00001253-00001546 So I've been thinking deeply about free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00005-00001546-00002028 for not weeks, months, and the more I think about it,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00006-00002028-00002399 the more I realize how complex an issue it is.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00007-00002399-00002685 It's not that the law is that complex
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00008-00002685-00003055 but it intersects, indeed conflicts with our values
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00009-00003055-00003410 in very complicated ways so I thought a good way
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00010-00003410-00003798 to enable the community, the Berkeley community,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00011-00003798-00004147 staff, faculty, students to engage with this issue
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00012-00004147-00004453 is to ask some of our faculty who have thought deeply
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00013-00004453-00004904 about it to discuss it, so the form of this event
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00014-00004904-00005198 is going to be that I'm going to ask each
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00015-00005198-00005545 of the faculty members on the panel, after I introduce them,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00016-00005545-00005942 to talk for about five minutes giving their perspective,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00017-00005942-00006269 then I'm gonna ask some questions and then there'll be time
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00018-00006269-00006580 for you to ask some questions.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00019-00006580-00006969 I think this event will last till sometime between
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00020-00006969-00007328 5:30 and six o'clock so that's the timeframe.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00021-00007328-00007562 I feel like I should channel the fire marshal
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00022-00007562-00007676 right now (audience chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00023-00007676-00008055 and to (chuckles) suggest that please try to leave room
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00024-00008055-00008326 up the aisles, I know we have people sitting in the aisles,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00025-00008326-00008599 that's fine but to enable people to get through them
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00026-00008599-00009002 and to not block the entrances so let me now introduce
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00027-00009002-00009419 our panelists, starting at the far right, far left, sorry.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00028-00009508-00009750 I have to keep my (mumbles) straight.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00029-00009750-00010133 (Carol and audience laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00030-00010258-00010530 Is David Landreth, a colleague of mine
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00031-00010530-00010750 from the Department of English and a specialist
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00032-00010750-00011018 in Renaissance literature, sitting next to him
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00033-00011018-00011397 is Erwin Chemerinsky, the new dean of the law school
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00034-00011397-00011639 and a constitutional law scholar.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00035-00011639-00011903 Erwin has just published a book on free speech,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00036-00011903-00012255 which I suggest you all read, it's a great book.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00037-00012255-00012441 Next to him is Steven Hayward,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00038-00012441-00012674 who is a visiting scholar at IGS,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00039-00012674-00012944 the Institute for Governmental Studies.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00040-00012944-00013227 He's a columnist and he's the Ronald Reagan Professor
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00041-00013227-00013539 of Public Policy at Pepperdine University.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00042-00013539-00013805 Sitting next to Steven is Arlie Hochschild.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00043-00013805-00014164 She is an emeritus professor of sociology,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00044-00014164-00014551 written many books, but most recently, a wonderful book
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00045-00014551-00014901 called Strangers in Their Own Land, which I hope
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00046-00014901-00015185 she's gonna talk about some in our panel today
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00047-00015185-00015465 and then finally to my immediate left,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00048-00015465-00015701 John Powell, he's a professor of law,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00049-00015701-00015974 African-American studies and ethnic studies
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00050-00015974-00016239 and the Robert T. Haas Chancellor's Chair
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00051-00016239-00016587 in Equity and Inclusion and the director of HIFIS
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00052-00016587-00016809 so please welcome our panelists.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00053-00016809-00017125 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00054-00017622-00017976 And I'm going to begin our panel with asking Erwin
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00055-00017976-00018322 just to talk a bit about what the state of the law is
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00056-00018322-00018634 so that we're all on the same page in relationship
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00057-00018634-00018998 to the First Amendment and what it guarantees.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00058-00018998-00019216 - Thank you, it's an honor and a pleasure to be part
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00059-00019216-00019523 of this terrific panel, we certainly can
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00060-00019523-00019821 and should have discussions what our ideal is
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00061-00019821-00020089 in terms of free speech on campus and to balance
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00062-00020089-00020344 that against other values but the reality
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00063-00020344-00020666 is what the campus can do is constrained
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00064-00020666-00020910 by the First Amendment because this
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00065-00020910-00021288 is a public university, the First Amendment applies.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00066-00021288-00021536 Above all, the First Amendment means
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00067-00021536-00021847 that all ideas and views can be expressed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00068-00021847-00022033 on a college campus.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00069-00022033-00022389 The government, including a public university
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00070-00022389-00022816 administration, can never prevent or punish speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00071-00022816-00023072 because of the viewpoint expressed.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00072-00023072-00023464 Now that doesn't mean that free speech is absolute.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00073-00023464-00023753 Long ago, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00074-00023753-00023996 there's no right to falsely shout fire
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00075-00023996-00024433 in a crowded theater but the Supreme Court has said
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00076-00024433-00024869 that the categories of unprotected speech are limited
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00077-00024869-00025130 and they have to be narrowly defined.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00078-00025130-00025357 Let me mention them to you because, again,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00079-00025357-00025558 it very much can influence the discussion
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00080-00025558-00025743 we're having this afternoon.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00081-00025743-00025930 The Supreme Court, for instance, so it's not relevant
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00082-00025930-00026241 to our discussion has said that child pornography
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00083-00026241-00026500 is speech not protected by the First Amendment.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00084-00026500-00026764 False and deceptive advertising is speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00085-00026764-00026939 not protected by the First Amendment.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00086-00026939-00027187 That's speech the government can punish.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00087-00027187-00027507 For our purposes, though, there are some categories
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00088-00027507-00027788 that might arise on college campuses
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00089-00027788-00028053 where speech can be prevented or punished.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00090-00028053-00028392 Incitement of illegal activity is speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00091-00028392-00028670 that's not protected by the First Amendment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00092-00028670-00028843 but the Supreme Court has defined
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00093-00028843-00029179 incitement in a very circumscribed way.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00094-00029179-00029489 The Court has said in order to be incitement,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00095-00029489-00029747 there has to be a substantial likelihood
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00096-00029747-00030056 of imminent illegal activity and the speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00097-00030056-00030493 has been directed at causing imminent illegal activity.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00098-00030493-00030916 The Court has said that true threats are speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00099-00030916-00031113 not protected by the First Amendment.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00100-00031113-00031528 A true threat is speech that reasonably cause a person
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00101-00031528-00031932 to imminently fear for his or her physical safety.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00102-00031932-00032341 So if a person was surrounded by an angry mob
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00103-00032341-00032591 and the mob was shouting at the individual
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00104-00032591-00032894 so the person feared for his or her physical safety,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00105-00032894-00033185 that wouldn't be speech protected by the First Amendment.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00106-00033185-00033393 Harassment is speech that's not protected
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00107-00033393-00033728 by the First Amendment, there's no right for an employer
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00108-00033728-00034088 to say to an employee, "Sleep with me or you'll be fired,"
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00109-00034088-00034340 even though it's just words.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00110-00034340-00034750 In the context of employment, in the context of education,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00111-00034750-00035043 usually to be harassment, it has to be speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00112-00035043-00035450 that's directed at a person, it has to be pervasive.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00113-00035450-00035655 It has to interfere with the person's
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00114-00035655-00035996 educational opportunities based on criteria
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00115-00035996-00036432 like race, sex, religion, sexual orientation.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00116-00036432-00036739 Now, you'll notice as I go through these categories
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00117-00036739-00037087 of unprotected speech what I haven't listed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00118-00037087-00037448 and that's hateful speech, offensive speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00119-00037448-00037674 In fact, the Supreme Court has made it clear
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00120-00037674-00038068 that speech cannot be punished, cannot be prevented
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00121-00038068-00038309 just because it's hateful or offensive,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00122-00038309-00038611 even if it's very deeply offensive.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00123-00038611-00039005 In the early 1990s, over 300 college universities
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00124-00039005-00039403 across the country adopted so-called hate speech codes.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00125-00039403-00039849 Without exception, every one of them to come to court
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00126-00039849-00040215 was declared unconstitutional, why?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00127-00040215-00040565 We all know that hate speech can cause real harms.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00128-00040565-00040881 We protect speech because it is has affects.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00129-00040881-00041068 If speech was meaningless, we wouldn't regard it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00130-00041068-00041447 as a fundamental right, the affects can be positive.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00131-00041447-00041745 Speech can be ennobling, uplifting,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00132-00041745-00041987 but it can also be hurtful and cause
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00133-00041987-00042279 great pain, hate speech does that.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00134-00042279-00042475 And you know what the courts all said?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00135-00042475-00042822 Is it seems impossible to define what's hate speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00136-00042822-00043178 Usually the hate speech code said we'll prevent speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00137-00043178-00043649 that stigmatizes or demeans, but what does that mean?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00138-00043649-00044036 Also, we've learned that laws that prohibit hate speech,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00139-00044036-00044365 whether in countries or on campuses here
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00140-00044365-00044602 are much more often used against those
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00141-00044602-00044951 that we're trying to protect than any other group.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00142-00044951-00045233 When the University of Michigan adopted a hate speech code,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00143-00045233-00045523 literally every prosecution under it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00144-00045523-00045816 was brought against minority students.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00145-00045816-00046042 Perhaps, most of all, the Supreme Court has said
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00146-00046042-00046379 that hate speech is protected because it expresses an idea
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00147-00046379-00046755 and remember what I said to start: all ideas and views
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00148-00046755-00047094 can be expressed on campus, no matter how offensive.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00149-00047094-00047417 One other thing that should inform our discussion
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00150-00047417-00047864 and your thoughts about this issue, campuses can have time,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00151-00047864-00048361 place, and manner restrictions with regard to speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00152-00048361-00048588 Even though free speech is protected
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00153-00048588-00048857 in a public university campus, it doesn't mean
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00154-00048857-00049266 there's a right to speak literally at any time
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00155-00049266-00049561 at any place or in any manner.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00156-00049561-00049974 The campus can restrict speech so as to preserve
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00157-00049974-00050250 the educational opportunities on campus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00158-00050250-00050494 and also to protect public safety.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00159-00050494-00050712 You have a right to speak but you don't have a right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00160-00050712-00050921 to come in my classroom when I'm teaching
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00161-00050921-00051233 and disrupt what I'm doing through your speech activities.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00162-00051233-00051401 Nobody has a First Amendment right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00163-00051401-00051646 to come in this auditorium now and yell in a way
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00164-00051646-00051964 such the panel can't go on, that's what time, place
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00165-00051964-00052309 and manner restrictions means and so the campus can limit
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00166-00052309-00052518 where and when and how speech goes on
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00167-00052518-00052805 to make sure that it doesn't disrupt campus activities
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00168-00052805-00053106 and also to protect public safety.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00169-00053106-00053455 The issue of public safety has been much in the news
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00170-00053455-00053765 and certainly very relevant on this campus.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00171-00053765-00053994 And the Supreme Supreme Court and the lower courts
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00172-00053994-00054303 made clear that the campus has the obligation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00173-00054303-00054657 to protect speakers of all views.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00174-00054657-00055066 Even it's expensive, the campus is the obligation to do so.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00175-00055066-00055481 But if the campus, through every possible effort,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00176-00055481-00055797 cannot find any other way to protect public safety,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00177-00055797-00056214 then it can cancel a speaker, that should be a last resort.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00178-00056303-00056623 It should be only if there's no other way to do so
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00179-00056623-00056965 and it can never be based on the viewpoint of the speaker
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00180-00056965-00057250 but the campus does also have an obligation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00181-00057250-00057568 to protect the safety of its students, its staff
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00182-00057568-00057940 and its faculty, so I've covered for you in a little less
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00183-00057940-00058243 than five minutes what I usually spend a semester going over
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00184-00058243-00058490 (audience applauding) with my law students
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00185-00058490-00058870 and undergraduates but maybe the most important thing
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00186-00058870-00059259 I can say to frame this discussion is something that, again,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00187-00059259-00059489 Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00188-00059489-00059816 He pointed out we don't need freedom of speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00189-00059816-00060063 to safeguard the speech we like.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00190-00060063-00060317 We naturally let that happen.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00191-00060317-00060531 He said what we really need free speech for
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00192-00060531-00060903 is the speech we hate and he said that the best response
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00193-00060903-00061323 to the speech we don't like is more speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00194-00061323-00061640 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00195-00061900-00062067 - So, David, why don't you share
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00196-00062067-00062229 with us your thoughts about free speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00197-00062229-00062638 - Sure, so I'm scholar in the English department.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00198-00062779-00063072 As Carol said, I teach Shakespeare
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00199-00063072-00063488 and other (chuckles) folks from the 16th century.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00200-00063728-00064120 My immersion in contemporary free-speech issues
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00201-00064300-00064717 dates from this January, I mean I've been speaking as freely
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00202-00064842-00065214 as I can as an American citizen for some time
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00203-00065214-00065489 but this January, I was involved,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00204-00065705-00065997 as wound up being about 100 faculty
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00205-00066196-00066508 in a letter to the chancellor
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00206-00066508-00066869 that asked that Milo Yiannopoulous
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00207-00066869-00067169 not be permitted to speak on campus.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00208-00067315-00067581 Our rationale for this was based
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00209-00067863-00068093 on the distinction that Professor Chemerinsky
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00210-00068093-00068436 just drew between speech that is protected
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00211-00068436-00068760 and conduct that is impermissible.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00212-00068760-00069237 Our argument was that the conduct that Yiannopoulous
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00213-00069237-00069553 engaged in over the course of his tour
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00214-00069719-00070011 across other campuses in the nation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00215-00070145-00070491 consistently violated the standards
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00216-00070491-00070732 of our campus code of conduct
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00217-00070856-00071184 and that it was growing more and more egregious
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00218-00071184-00071350 as the tour went on.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00219-00071539-00071875 And for that reason, we asked both the chancellor
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00220-00071875-00072348 at the time and the sponsoring student organization
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00221-00072348-00072564 to rescind the invitation.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00222-00073086-00073478 Since then, a lot of water has gone under the bridge
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00223-00073478-00073703 for this particular speaker
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00224-00074003-00074219 and I am told that he has,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00225-00074650-00074956 in receiving a new invitation to speak,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00226-00074956-00075329 agreed to abide by our campus code of conduct,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00227-00075329-00075746 agreed to stop targeting individuals for harassment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00228-00076039-00076281 based on protected categories
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00229-00076698-00076957 so we need to hold him to that.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00230-00077202-00077549 I would (chuckles) it seems to me
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00231-00077549-00077938 that a motivation for him to stick to the campus code
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00232-00077938-00078354 of conduct is precisely that he is holding a multi-day event
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00233-00078455-00078872 and we will be watching (chuckles).
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00234-00079345-00079751 In this appearance, I wanted to articulate again
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00235-00079751-00080114 that distinction between speech that is protected
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00236-00080114-00080389 and conduct that is impermissible
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00237-00080542-00080934 as well as my trust (chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00238-00081018-00081401 that Yiannopoulous is turning over a new leaf,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00239-00081908-00082041 fingers crossed.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00240-00082211-00082619 I'd also like to talk in my capacity as a scholar
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00241-00082808-00083071 of the history of the English language a little bit
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00242-00083071-00083454 about larger issues of where freedom of speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00243-00083660-00084076 has come from in order to be enshrined in our Constitution
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00244-00084374-00084717 and where freedom of speech seems
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00245-00084717-00084984 to be going in our imaginations.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00246-00085287-00085535 The question that I have for all of you
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00247-00085535-00085932 is when you picture someone speaking freely
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00248-00085932-00086324 now in this moment, what scene do you envision?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00249-00086612-00086912 Do you envision a great Roman orator
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00250-00087257-00087565 berating his opponents in the senate?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00251-00087727-00088020 Do you envision Mario Savio in the roof
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00252-00088020-00088353 of a police car surrounded by a movement
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00253-00088450-00088750 of thousands of his fellow students?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00254-00089003-00089186 Do you picture a troll
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00255-00089589-00089839 sitting in his or her basement
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00256-00090024-00090441 provoking someone that on whose words are represented
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00257-00090658-00091075 on a computer screen, a person whom he will never meet?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00258-00091211-00091627 The reason I ask is that freedom has changed a lot
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00259-00091874-00092291 since the concept emerged in ancient Greece and Rome.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00260-00092530-00092838 There, freedom was a class privilege.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00261-00093232-00093623 It was the privilege of the ruling class to participate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00262-00093623-00094040 in the political order, the Republican order in Rome.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00263-00094226-00094467 Only a very few male subjects
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00264-00094724-00095037 of that order were citizens.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00265-00095037-00095437 Only those few could speak freely in the senate.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00266-00095763-00096072 The great contribution of our society
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00267-00096404-00096745 has been to push that privilege
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00268-00096745-00096987 toward a universal condition.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00269-00097090-00097525 The 14th amendment declares that the privileges
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00270-00097525-00097825 of citizenship shall not be abridged
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00271-00097925-00098333 for anyone who is a citizen of the United States.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00272-00098512-00098820 That universal privilege, as we know,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00273-00098951-00099168 has not yet been achieved.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00274-00099253-00099470 The law cannot restrict it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00275-00099553-00099920 but some of us remain less free than others.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00276-00100246-00100496 We will not be able to confirm
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00277-00100651-00100934 that universal privilege of speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00278-00101048-00101373 until all of us can talk back to a cop,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00279-00101586-00101928 regardless of our ethnicity or appearance
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00280-00102283-00102533 without fearing for our lives.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00281-00102687-00102962 Universal privilege is a paradox.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00282-00103147-00103523 Privilege is an idea that comes out of a culture based
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00283-00103523-00103773 in domination, a slave culture
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00284-00104019-00104427 in which the masterful few cherish their freedom.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00285-00104930-00105071 How can we assure
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00286-00105480-00105746 that each of us is equally free?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00287-00105960-00106335 How can we ensure that our concept of freedom
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00288-00106707-00107106 does not entail domination, does not entail
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00289-00107106-00107523 simply competing to be the loudest voice in the room?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00290-00107696-00107988 So I guess those are two questions,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00291-00108078-00108461 one the question of the scene that you picture
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00292-00108582-00108893 when you picture someone speaking freely,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00293-00108893-00109210 the other, this more abstract question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00294-00109346-00109729 of how we can make our freedom, make our voice
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00295-00110256-00110673 as heard for each of us as it is heard for any us.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00296-00110819-00110955 - Thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00297-00110955-00111338 Steven? (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00298-00111585-00111810 - Well, thank you, Chancellor Christ
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00299-00111810-00111965 and all of you for coming, I think ought to just say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00300-00111965-00112159 a little bit more by way of introduction about myself
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00301-00112159-00112418 since I'm still pretty new here in the way
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00302-00112418-00112657 of full disclosure as the saying goes these days
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00303-00112657-00112862 so I am in fact a card-carrying member
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00304-00112862-00113024 of the vast right-wing conspiracy.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00305-00113024-00113311 I spent most of my adult career in Washington, D.C.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00306-00113311-00113530 mostly at the American Enterprise Institute.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00307-00113530-00113745 I write for National View, Weekly Standard,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00308-00113745-00113998 Commentary Wall Street Journal editorial page,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00309-00113998-00114321 the usual places and used to do a lot of media.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00310-00114321-00114758 I get on CNN a lot, the NewsHour and PBS, CNBC,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00311-00114758-00115148 and of course most often on Fox News.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00312-00115148-00115354 I wanted to give people a chance to boo if they wanted to.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00313-00115354-00115539 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00314-00115539-00115956 So I was, pause for a reason, but I am trying to practice a,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00315-00116050-00116217 I think I may trying trying trademark this phrase.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00316-00116217-00116513 I'm trying to practice a Reverse Hochschild
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00317-00116513-00116762 and get out of my bubble. - Oh, okay.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00318-00116762-00117095 - And so I'm telling my conservative friends
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00319-00117095-00117291 that I'm now spending a three-year hitch
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00320-00117291-00117500 as an inmate at UC Berkeley-- (audience laughs and applauds)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00321-00117500-00117716 and enjoying it immensely.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00322-00117918-00118302 And so I have two opening thoughts about this
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00323-00118302-00118552 and the headlines are these: one is that I think
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00324-00118552-00118854 the controversy of free speech needs to be placed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00325-00118854-00119110 in a broader context of what it might be called
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00326-00119110-00119370 the crisis of legitimacy of democratic institution
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00327-00119370-00119621 and democratic values today, I'll explain that briefly.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00328-00119621-00119860 And the second one is that if we're gonna make
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00329-00119860-00120295 some progress on the way forward in our conversations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00330-00120295-00120627 about this on campus here and around the nation,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00331-00120627-00121030 I think we need to treat some fundamental prior questions
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00332-00121030-00121261 that might set up what the basis of any limits
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00333-00121261-00121484 on free speech might be.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00334-00121484-00121741 Now Chancellor Christ has written, I think,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00335-00121741-00122005 beautifully and eloquently championing the, what I call
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00336-00122005-00122186 the old liberal tradition of free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00337-00122186-00122345 as understood by John Stuart Mill,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00338-00122345-00122652 that classical tradition stretching back to Milton.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00339-00122652-00122972 I'm in heated agreement with that point of view.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00340-00122972-00123142 I know you want us to disagree but I can't find
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00341-00123142-00123412 any daylight between you and me on that.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00342-00123412-00123595 The point though is is that what was once
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00343-00123595-00123960 a nearly universal accepted principle
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00344-00123960-00124171 is no longer universally accepted.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00345-00124171-00124452 I'm struck by polls, especially of millennials,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00346-00124452-00124691 that would be the student generation today
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00347-00124691-00124963 where you get a large plurality, sometimes more than 40%
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00348-00124963-00125203 saying they no longer think free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00349-00125203-00125475 is a paramount principle or one that should be elevated
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00350-00125475-00125791 above or put this way, the survey question suggests
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00351-00125791-00126119 there's substantial support for restrictions or regulations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00352-00126119-00126375 of some kind on hate speech, however we come to define
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00353-00126375-00126861 that concept so that represents, I think, a very sharp break
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00354-00126861-00127031 from previous public opinion surveys
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00355-00127031-00127301 on free speech going back decades
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00356-00127301-00127528 but I think it goes with a couple of others.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00357-00127528-00127741 The same surveys often find that especially
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00358-00127741-00128046 among millennials and not just in this country, by the way,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00359-00128046-00128223 this is a phenomenon that's going on worldwide
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00360-00128223-00128547 of the advanced democracies, also a large plurality,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00361-00128547-00128784 often over 40% saying they're not sure
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00362-00128784-00129013 about democracy itself anymore.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00363-00129013-00129257 Everybody's kind of frustrated with democracy these days.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00364-00129257-00129482 You can see that in the unrest in the various populisms
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00365-00129482-00129812 in all the advanced countries as I say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00366-00129812-00130102 but that's a startling thing, I think,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00367-00130102-00130343 I mean democracies have always had problems.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00368-00130343-00130544 I think pretty much there was universal agreement
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00369-00130544-00130789 with that old line of Churchill's that democracy's
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00370-00130789-00130970 the worst form of government except for all the others
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00371-00130970-00131226 that have never been tried. (audience chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00372-00131226-00131531 Except today, there does seem to be a renewed openness
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00373-00131531-00131844 to other forms of rule that promise to make the trains
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00374-00131844-00132232 run on time, which is something that troubles me
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00375-00132232-00132481 and then the third one that troubles me a lot
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00376-00132481-00132686 and I know Chancellor Christ, I think you want us to argue
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00377-00132686-00132898 some but I think Arlie and I are going to end up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00378-00132898-00133112 in close association on this.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00379-00133112-00133313 There's some survey findings, I follow survey data
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00380-00133313-00133593 as a political, some survey findings that really disturb me:
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00381-00133593-00133846 trust in institutions has been falling for long time.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00382-00133846-00134038 There's some variance, higher trust in the military.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00383-00134038-00134284 The church is been going down, government, local, state,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00384-00134284-00134657 all the rest, universities lately have been seeing
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00385-00134657-00134870 some wobbles in public regard for universities,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00386-00134870-00135108 which ought to worry administrators everywhere.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00387-00135108-00135353 The one that really jumps out at me is the survey question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00388-00135353-00135679 that says along the lines of do you have
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00389-00135679-00135990 confidence on your fellow citizens?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00390-00135990-00136342 Used to be the people who said no is 35 to 40%.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00391-00136342-00136828 That's 15, 20 years ago, now that number's up around 60%.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00392-00136828-00137139 In other words, a majority of Americans are saying
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00393-00137139-00137401 they do not have confidence in their fellow citizens.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00394-00137401-00137723 And the problem here is when we see each other
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00395-00137723-00138199 as utterly alien, it becomes impossible, difficult,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00396-00138199-00138447 maybe impossible to be fellow citizens
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00397-00138447-00138647 so I wrap up all these question, the controversies
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00398-00138647-00138957 on free speech, the legitimacy of democracy
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00399-00138957-00139261 and the growing divide, it's been talked about a lot,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00400-00139261-00139627 the polarization of politics as a crisis of legitimacy
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00401-00139627-00140098 and so I think that the answer to the free-speech question,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00402-00140098-00140470 answer, some progress in our thinking about this
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00403-00140470-00140620 is going to be dependent on thinking
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00404-00140620-00140785 about some of the connected questions to it.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00405-00140785-00141279 Now, second point is and here, I'm a little bit heterodox
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00406-00141279-00141507 with standard current conservative views on things.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00407-00141507-00141908 I'm not entirely happy with the view that hate speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00408-00141908-00142155 should deserve the unqualified protection
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00409-00142155-00142562 of the First Amendment, however we define hate speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00410-00142562-00142833 Now this could get weird is in a small way,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00411-00142833-00143069 I could end up possibly to the left of Erwin
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00412-00143069-00143321 on this question and I think getting the left
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00413-00143321-00143520 of you is really pretty hard to do.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00414-00143520-00143673 (audience laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00415-00143673-00143897 By the way, I have to say it's in my union contract, Erwin.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00416-00143897-00144307 I hope you don't mind, so think about how it this way.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00417-00144307-00144433 I mean here's what a lot of conservatives
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00418-00144433-00144660 are actually saying, I don't know how many of you
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00419-00144660-00144860 actually pay attention this is, they say,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00420-00144860-00145195 hate speech, Milo, Ann Coulter, whoever, hate speakers
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00421-00145195-00145429 and then some of my side, yeah, but but free speech,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00422-00145429-00145674 First Amendment and I spent raise my hand and say,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00423-00145674-00145995 wait a second, are you saying that we should invoke
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00424-00145995-00146258 our right to be, let's see bigots, racist,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00425-00146258-00146463 homophobes, patriarchs, Islamophobes?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00426-00146463-00146672 Have I left anything out? - No, that's pretty good.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00427-00146672-00146825 - That's sort of the comprehensive list, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00428-00146825-00147036 Really, and if that's really the way (chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00429-00147036-00147182 your argument's gonna run, why should anyone listen
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00430-00147182-00147463 to anything we have to say about anything at all?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00431-00147463-00147697 It's a really dumb argument.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00432-00147697-00147997 It would take too long, I don't now want to engage Erwin,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00433-00147997-00148180 maybe in some events for your book,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00434-00148180-00148417 we might talk about this up but just to give one example,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00435-00148417-00148582 I'm not sure the Supreme Court was right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00436-00148582-00148999 when it said that Nazis could march through Skokie in 1978.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00437-00149087-00149302 The end of the day, I come down I think on,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00438-00149302-00149587 I think it's your side that, and the ACLU's side
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00439-00149587-00149906 that have to let them exercise their right to free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00440-00149906-00150156 but I think that's an arguable question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00441-00150156-00150388 and I think that becomes an arguable question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00442-00150388-00150827 because the prior question I want to raise is are there,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00443-00150827-00151133 either for a democratic society or a university,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00444-00151133-00151304 the question I think we should argument about is this:
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00445-00151304-00151562 are there any closed questions?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00446-00151716-00151888 The principles of free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00447-00151888-00152123 is utter openness about anything, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00448-00152123-00152286 Are there any closed questions?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00449-00152286-00152545 Now, it's a long subject, just very briefly,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00450-00152545-00152771 the ideological left and the ideological right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00451-00152771-00153033 have answers to that question in the affirmative
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00452-00153033-00153246 and I actually think they overlap in some ways.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00453-00153246-00153441 It could be interesting to discuss at leisure,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00454-00153441-00153874 hard to do here, once upon a time, back when we used to have
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00455-00153874-00154194 Western civilization survey courses, that by the way,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00456-00154194-00154367 I think died out not for the reasons
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00457-00154367-00154697 the right usually says but that's another story.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00458-00154697-00154906 Sometimes we would argue the question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00459-00154906-00155318 maybe Athens was right to have executed Socrates.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00460-00155318-00155547 I know a professor at Yale who years and years ago
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00461-00155547-00155748 who used to torment his students for a whole week
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00462-00155748-00156036 defending that proposition. (audience murmuring)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00463-00156036-00156322 And maybe they were right to execute.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00464-00156322-00156577 Well, that's a fun one to play out and a useful one.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00465-00156577-00156846 Maybe it's one worth doing again because it's, of course,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00466-00156846-00157020 it raises the fundamental questions
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00467-00157020-00157298 of what are the boundaries of what society can tolerate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00468-00157298-00157582 while preserving itself but it's detached
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00469-00157582-00157745 from some of the hot-button issues today
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00470-00157745-00157939 at least starting, might be a format
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00471-00157939-00158355 for a coming into all that, so I'll just close very quickly.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00472-00158612-00158853 Okay, I'm gonna use the phrase campus orthodoxy.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00473-00158853-00159048 It conceals a lot of sins, it's inadequate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00474-00159048-00159173 but for the purposes of brevity, I'm gonna say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00475-00159173-00159419 the campus orthodoxy today is pretty much dominated
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00476-00159419-00159810 by the left, wasn't always true, the campus orthodoxy,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00477-00159810-00160159 and so the point is is therefore we should prohibit
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00478-00160159-00160521 Milo or Ann Coulter or Ben Shapiro next week
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00479-00160521-00160905 whenever from speaking, the orthodoxy of 1950s
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00480-00161080-00161468 was if you were a communist, you would lose your job.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00481-00161468-00161690 By the way, an orthodoxy enforced mostly by liberals
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00482-00161690-00161904 not by conservatives, they, conservatives,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00483-00161904-00162083 they never really run universities.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00484-00162083-00162503 Universities have been liberal for at least since the 1930s.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00485-00162503-00162927 And in private industry, we know that you got blacklisted
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00486-00162927-00163162 in Hollywood if you were suspected of being a communist.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00487-00163162-00163498 Well, today, everything has revolved
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00488-00163498-00163742 and if you don't conform to campus orthodoxy today,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00489-00163742-00164068 well, we're not sure we're gonna let you speak.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00490-00164068-00164461 You are now blacklisted at Google if you dissent
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00491-00164461-00164694 from certain forms of the current orthodoxy
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00492-00164694-00164929 about diversity as it's popularly understood
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00493-00164929-00165165 so we've switched places and I think that,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00494-00165165-00165345 my concluding thoughts is this:
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00495-00165345-00165730 I think that if you're a liberal or a leftist,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00496-00165730-00166001 I think you want to be very careful about wanting
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00497-00166001-00166292 to institutionalize restrictions on speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00498-00166292-00166485 Erwin made brief reference to in the past,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00499-00166485-00166637 we've seen how this has worked to the detriment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00500-00166637-00167022 of minorities and it can, again, as a practical matter,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00501-00167022-00167221 I do side with the ACLU, I'm pretty much
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00502-00167221-00167551 a free speech absolutist but do think the questions
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00503-00167551-00167840 that give rise is controversies are entirely valid
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00504-00167840-00168025 and deserved a lot more sustained
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00505-00168025-00168312 and rigorous conversation and dialogue, thanks.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00506-00168312-00168629 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00507-00169028-00169111 - Arlie?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00508-00169202-00169518 - So I'm a free speech absolutist too.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00509-00169723-00170140 You know, my very first semester here at UC Berkeley
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00510-00170381-00170706 was the fall of 1962, this was the time
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00511-00170887-00171303 of the Cuban Missile Crisis and I remember walking out
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00512-00171436-00171741 of my first class, it was in Dwinelle
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00513-00171741-00172055 and walking down the path and looking,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00514-00172055-00172472 facing towards Sather Gate and seeing not a mass of students
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00515-00172707-00173187 but hundreds of small groups that were all engaged
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00516-00173187-00173635 in intense conversation and I joined one of them
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00517-00173635-00174026 and the interlocutors in this group were smart.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00518-00174271-00174573 They were well informed, they were differing.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00519-00174573-00174785 "Well, I think Kennedy should do this."
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00520-00174785-00174966 "No, I think he should do that."
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00521-00174966-00175147 "How did we get into this mess?"
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00522-00175147-00175522 And it was just electric, all of these groups
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00523-00175750-00176026 of real strangers, I think probably graduate students
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00524-00176026-00176495 were leading it, but in each one and I thought to myself
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00525-00176495-00176690 because I'd come to Berkeley blind.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00526-00176690-00176958 I'd never visited it, just all by reputation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00527-00176958-00177233 I thought I'm in the right place.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00528-00177384-00177700 I'm in the right place and just a year
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00529-00178067-00178330 before I (chuckles) retired from a career,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00530-00178330-00178753 a fabulous, wonderful, exciting teaching career here,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00531-00178753-00179170 just from going down memory lane, I went down that same path
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00532-00179328-00179728 and wondered what I would see and what I saw
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00533-00179728-00180054 was students, everybody was on their cell phone
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00534-00180054-00180470 (chuckles) and I thought, wait a minute.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00535-00180599-00180974 What kind of collective public square can we,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00536-00181361-00181778 what from the past can we restore and put together
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00537-00181957-00182215 with what from our current fund
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00538-00182465-00182774 of creativity can we add to that?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00539-00182774-00183166 I should say that that magical view of Berkeley
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00540-00183310-00183702 that I always have and the value on free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00541-00183947-00184337 it's linked with, I always have in the back of my mind
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00542-00184337-00184754 when I have in this last five years been researching a book
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00543-00184861-00185270 called Strangers in Their Own Land, which is--
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00544-00185270-00185386 - Sorry. (laughs)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00545-00185386-00185835 Thank you, thank you, in which I try to get out
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00546-00185835-00186156 of the Berkeley political bubble
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00547-00186156-00186422 of which I am a fundamental part
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00548-00186531-00186914 and take my alarm system off try to cross over
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00549-00187155-00187446 what I call an empathy wall to climb
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00550-00187446-00187886 into the life circumstances and the beliefs of people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00551-00187886-00188196 I knew I would have profound differences with.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00552-00188196-00188562 It was an amazing experience, just last night,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00553-00188562-00188941 I came back from yet another trip to see
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00554-00188941-00189358 how they're responding to Donald Trump's presidency.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00555-00189466-00189845 They all voted very enthusiastically for him
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00556-00189845-00190262 and one of the very first things, my friends (chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00557-00190569-00191058 in Lake Charles, Louisiana, these are mainly workers,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00558-00191058-00191550 pipefitters in the petrochemical plants around Lake Charles
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00559-00191550-00191959 and construction workers and custodians, teachers
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00560-00192177-00192446 and one of the first things they said,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00561-00192446-00192821 "Oh, Berkeley, oh man, you guys are violent."
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00562-00192945-00193361 And they been watching Fox News and especially one image
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00563-00193507-00193923 of a middle-aged man with a Trump T-shirt on with blood
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00564-00194023-00194408 running down his face and some young person
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00565-00194408-00194635 with a black mask had smashed him
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00566-00194635-00194888 over the head with a skateboard I think.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00567-00194888-00195358 So that was their picture and free speech was a joke.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00568-00195358-00195666 Oh, yeah, Berkeley and free speech, yeah, yeah.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00569-00195666-00195959 So I had each time with each encounter, no, no,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00570-00195959-00196217 actually that was a separate group.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00571-00196217-00196634 We're all against violence and it's not the students.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00572-00196717-00197126 I'm sort of stumbling over myself to say, no, no.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00573-00197235-00197725 It's like I can remember (chuckles) and so I think we have
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00574-00197725-00198050 a lot of work to do on campus basically
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00575-00198454-00198871 to restore what we really are and I think but we really are
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00576-00198986-00199383 is a culture that is comfortable with difference,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00577-00199383-00199848 actually interested in difference, not in the defense,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00578-00199848-00200188 oh, don't tell me new ideas that I disagree with
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00579-00200188-00200474 but no, hey, how come you disagree?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00580-00200474-00200749 So I think actually that Berkeley
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00581-00201189-00201420 could be the leader.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00582-00201420-00201883 It could be the leader in affirming free speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00583-00201883-00202300 To do that, we need to beef up the culture of exchange,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00584-00202431-00202847 respectful exchange and not just polarizing speakers
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00585-00202982-00203282 but smaller forums, we need theater.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00586-00203413-00203755 Someone was proposing the Ku Klux Klowns.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00587-00203887-00204295 (chuckles) Get theater involved.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00588-00204586-00205041 Get all of the various avenues of expression going here
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00589-00205041-00205398 so that when you have one speaker come,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00590-00205398-00205779 it's in the context of a very lively set
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00591-00205779-00206137 of public debates that's, I should just say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00592-00206271-00206604 that since the publication of Strangers,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00593-00206706-00207106 I'm just at my email looking at things coming in
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00594-00207204-00207621 and there's a lot of energy on both sides to establish
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00595-00207800-00208029 common ground across difference
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00596-00208029-00208298 and there is actually starting,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00597-00208298-00208695 there's a group called the Bridge Alliance.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00598-00208695-00209116 You can google this and it's the umbrella group
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00599-00209116-00209499 that for some 70 or 80 different organizations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00600-00209855-00210185 with funny names like Hi From the Other Side
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00601-00210185-00210560 or Living Room Conversations that was started
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00602-00210675-00211009 by Joan Blades, co-founder of MoveOn.org
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00603-00211137-00211378 and many other organizations.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00604-00211583-00212066 One of the founders is a Berkeley faculty member
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00605-00212066-00212358 and some, I don't know if he's here,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00606-00212358-00212741 John Rider, who's in charge of Berkeley Bridge
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00607-00212991-00213408 and so there's some talk of maybe, one of the people,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00608-00213757-00214003 just give you a sense of what my email is like,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00609-00214003-00214311 two Berkeley grads have bought a bus,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00610-00214445-00214935 filled it with books about the environment and drove,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00611-00214935-00215183 I just saw them now in Baton Rouge.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00612-00215183-00215465 They're gonna spend a whole year there
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00613-00215465-00215881 and I was putting them in touch with some of the people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00614-00215881-00216298 I wrote about, so I do see a lot of possible common ground
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00615-00216608-00217024 and we do know that there are six to eight million Americans
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00616-00217151-00217491 who voted for Barack Obama in 2012
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00617-00217491-00217907 and voted for Donald Trump in 2016 and there needs
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00618-00218068-00218485 to be a conversation just with this group, for example.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00619-00218803-00219290 So I see a lot of possibilities and I think Berkeley's
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00620-00219290-00219666 just the place to be a leader in this movement.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00621-00219666-00219749 Thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00622-00219749-00220066 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00623-00220306-00220452 - John?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00624-00220452-00220665 - Well, again, I wanna add my thanks to being part
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00625-00220665-00221130 of this panel and to our esteemed leader, Chancellor Christ.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00626-00221130-00221276 The chancellor, when we were getting ready,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00627-00221276-00221473 mentioned she wanted some disagreements
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00628-00221473-00221792 so I hope not to disappoint. (audience laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00629-00221792-00221958 A couple of things by way of background
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00630-00221958-00222190 so I was at the ACLU, the legal director
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00631-00222190-00222364 of the ACLU for a number of years.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00632-00222364-00222607 I think that's where Erwin and I first met
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00633-00222607-00222856 so I care deeply about these issues but I've also written
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00634-00222856-00223134 about these issues and think about them a lot.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00635-00223134-00223448 And I wanna pick up on some of the threads
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00636-00223448-00223896 that people have talked about and first of all,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00637-00223896-00224213 I think the country's in a very incredible place
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00638-00224213-00224671 and I think, in some ways, I really applaud this effort
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00639-00224671-00224985 to have this conversation over the year but I don't think
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00640-00224985-00225214 this is the defining issue in the country.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00641-00225214-00225414 I think the defining issue in the country
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00642-00225414-00225643 is the question of white supremacy.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00643-00225643-00225995 (audience whistling and clapping)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00644-00225995-00226292 And it gets swept under the rug.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00645-00226292-00226555 There's a new article out in The Atlantic
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00646-00226555-00226805 about Trump being the first white president
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00647-00226805-00227165 and this is important, the country has not been
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00648-00227165-00227385 this divided since the Civil War.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00649-00227385-00227640 We are fighting the Civil War and I would say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00650-00227640-00228012 the South is winning, these are huge issues
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00651-00228012-00228229 and I agree with a lot of stuff a lot of panel
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00652-00228229-00228392 has said, so Steven talked about the country
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00653-00228392-00228710 pulling itself apart but I would say the country's pulling
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00654-00228710-00228978 itself apart because it refused
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00655-00228978-00229257 to embrace the Gettysburg Address.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00656-00229257-00229629 When Lincoln talked about a new birth of freedom,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00657-00229629-00229839 when Steven talked about where all the people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00658-00229839-00230018 have been excluded could become part
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00659-00230018-00230463 of the political community, that is what Trump
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00660-00230463-00230726 and the right wing is fighting against.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00661-00230726-00231163 It is basically the critical question for this country
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00662-00231163-00231476 is can we have an inclusive we.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00663-00231476-00231951 We, the people, and there's some people in power,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00664-00231951-00232193 in the White House who says no.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00665-00232193-00232385 It's not simply the people who disagree with me.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00666-00232385-00232624 People are saying like they did in Dred Scott,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00667-00232624-00232996 you are not human, you don't belong.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00668-00232996-00233412 (audience murmuring and clapping)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00669-00233585-00233774 Many people who talk about the First Amendment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00670-00233774-00234177 and I think Dean Erwin Chemerinsky, who's been a friend
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00671-00234177-00234454 for many years, his recitation of the Supreme Court
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00672-00234454-00234689 I would agree with, except I think the Supreme Court
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00673-00234689-00235057 is wrong and it's not the first time they've been wrong.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00674-00235057-00235255 They've been wrong many times.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00675-00235255-00235439 They supported the Fugitive Slave Law.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00676-00235439-00235680 They supported segregation, they supported keeping women
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00677-00235680-00235982 out of the workforce, they supported and so it's not enough
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00678-00235982-00236170 to say this is what nine, usually guys,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00679-00236170-00236412 and now we have some women. (audience chuckling)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00680-00236412-00236728 This is what they think, I'm old enough
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00681-00236728-00237039 and Erwin's old enough to know that the whole meaning
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00682-00237039-00237268 of the First Amendment has been radically shifted
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00683-00237268-00237671 since the 1970s, you could not have had Citizens United
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00684-00237671-00237937 in the 1970s, so what is speech?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00685-00238126-00238451 Is money speech, is corporate money speech?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00686-00238451-00238635 Supreme Court for 100 years said no.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00687-00238635-00238815 This Supreme Court said yes so it's
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00688-00238815-00239016 not enough to say, well, they said it.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00689-00239016-00239387 We are moral beings and we have to think about things
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00690-00239387-00239728 in a much deeper way than just what the Court said.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00691-00239728-00240040 Now Chancellor Christ, as others,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00692-00240040-00240495 go back to John Stuart Mills and in a piece I wrote,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00693-00240495-00240792 which I give the name of it, it's call Worlds Apart,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00694-00240792-00240971 I talk about John Stuart Mills.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00695-00240971-00241442 John Stuart Mills was brilliant and he laid the foundation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00696-00241442-00241743 for both the concept of liberty
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00697-00241743-00242184 and the concept of free speech and so it's not surprising
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00698-00242184-00242427 that people side John Stuart Mills
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00699-00242427-00242657 but this is the point that I wanna make.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00700-00242657-00242827 He was wrong.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00701-00242827-00242987 (audience murmuring)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00702-00242987-00243144 And part of the reason he was wrong
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00703-00243144-00243309 is because he didn't have the benefit
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00704-00243309-00243560 of what we've learned in the last hundred years.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00705-00243560-00243843 So Mills' concept of speech is quite simple.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00706-00243843-00244045 He's a complicated man but it's quite simple.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00707-00244045-00244461 He said, "My liberty stops at the tip of your nose."
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00708-00244586-00244813 What he meant by that and he had a concept for it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00709-00244813-00245090 he called other-regarding acts and self-regarding acts
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00710-00245090-00245367 so self-regarding act was something I did
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00711-00245367-00245758 that didn't really physically or impact others.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00712-00245850-00246003 Those are self-regarding acts and he said
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00713-00246003-00246284 those are natural liberties and speech is one of them
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00714-00246284-00246555 and we should not, the state, should not regulate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00715-00246555-00246957 natural liberties but he said liberties that actually harm
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00716-00246957-00247332 someone else, he called other-regarding acts.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00717-00247416-00247701 Liberties that harm someone else are other-regarding acts
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00718-00247701-00247980 and the individual does not have a right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00719-00247980-00248325 to other-regarding liberties, those are social liberties.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00720-00248325-00248660 Society decide how to deal with that.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00721-00248660-00248852 And I don't have time to go into it in great detail
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00722-00248852-00249306 but the point that Mills was making is that some things
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00723-00249306-00249689 injure other people and both the concept of liberty
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00724-00249689-00249969 and equality does not allow us to injure other people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00725-00249969-00250390 with impunity, now most of the debate around free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00726-00250390-00250665 and hate speech or discrimination
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00727-00250849-00251113 is really predicated on the notion that speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00728-00251113-00251498 really doesn't hurt or it does and maybe a little bit
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00729-00251498-00251788 so we talk about offensive speech, we talk about hate speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00730-00251788-00252063 and when speech actually when we acknowledge that it hurts,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00731-00252063-00252339 we talk about speech acts and we talk about,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00732-00252339-00252756 so for example, libel, why do we allow that to be regulated?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00733-00252906-00253257 Because we say it hurts, so when Mills wrote
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00734-00253257-00253604 the idea is that something short of a physical injury
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00735-00253604-00253996 was not a real injury, now that same rationale
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00736-00253996-00254261 was used to support another case in the United States
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00737-00254261-00254670 called Plessy versus Ferguson and when blacks complained
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00738-00254670-00254922 of being segregated on rail cars,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00739-00254922-00255211 the Supreme Court responded and they said this is a stigma
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00740-00255211-00255539 that injures us, and the Supreme Court's response was
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00741-00255539-00255977 if there's an injury, it's just in your mind.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00742-00255977-00256241 (audience murmuring) It's not real.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00743-00256241-00256549 and 60 years later when another Supreme Court
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00744-00256549-00256915 overturned Plessy, it said the stigmatic harm
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00745-00256915-00257367 of segregation is indeed a constitutional injury.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00746-00257367-00257796 So part of the question is does speech harm?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00747-00257796-00258064 And the question's obviously yes.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00748-00258064-00258254 Some of you may been here a couple of years ago
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00749-00258254-00258648 when Claude Steele spoke, he talked about stereotype threat.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00750-00258648-00258900 We talk about trauma, we talk about all the things,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00751-00258900-00259172 all the ways we know that speech can harm.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00752-00259172-00259471 It doesn't mean we shouldn't be careful about speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00753-00259471-00259727 It doesn't mean we should ban speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00754-00259727-00260050 but it means the rationale, the underlying jurisprudence
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00755-00260050-00260348 of speech is radically incoherent
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00756-00260348-00260658 and we avoid that incoherence by denying the fact
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00757-00260658-00261047 that speech can, in fact, injure and I would go so far
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00758-00261047-00261244 as to say a lot of the people, and I don't mean
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00759-00261244-00261423 that they should be banned, but a lot of people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00760-00261423-00261676 we're talking about are engaging in harmful acts.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00761-00261676-00261892 That's their intent, they don't want a dialogue.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00762-00261892-00262295 Now Emerson, another free-speech scholar,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00763-00262295-00262577 talked about four different reasons for free speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00764-00262577-00262952 He talked about self autonomy, participation,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00765-00263052-00263487 truth, and stability, so almost everyone who talks
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00766-00263487-00263672 about free speech in a serious way
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00767-00263672-00263886 say that speech is a multiple set of values.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00768-00263886-00264337 What happens when those values conflict, what do we do then?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00769-00264337-00264562 So in that sense, I would say it's very hard
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00770-00264562-00264739 in a deep sense to be an absolutist
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00771-00264739-00264999 because you're talking about a complex set of values
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00772-00264999-00265263 and one reason we actually don't like regulating speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00773-00265263-00265430 is that it violates the principle
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00774-00265430-00265680 of both autonomy and equality.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00775-00266170-00266303 In the little time I have left,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00776-00266303-00266567 I just wanted to throw out a couple of other concepts.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00777-00266567-00267009 I wanna invite you to do what was just suggested,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00778-00267009-00267292 to think deeply, one of my buddies
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00779-00267475-00267915 is head of the Enterprise Institute and a very conservative
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00780-00267915-00268108 so I don't think people should just talk to people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00781-00268108-00268410 who agree with them but there's a way in which we can talk.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00782-00268410-00268723 There's a way in which we're gonna change.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00783-00268723-00269082 I was at the ACLU and I brought to the ACLU
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00784-00269173-00269531 the question of racial harassment in the workplace.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00785-00269531-00269969 The initial response from the ACLU was that's just speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00786-00269969-00270178 and I said so why is sexual harassment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00787-00270178-00270384 in the workplace not just speech?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00788-00270384-00270603 Now think about this, in the 1970s,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00789-00270603-00270833 women go into the workplace and they see nude pictures
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00790-00270833-00271185 hung up around the wall, what's the response?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00791-00271185-00271393 The response is not the old adage,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00792-00271393-00271684 you correct bad speech with more speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00793-00271684-00271892 And some people literally said if they don't like
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00794-00271892-00272093 the pictures the men are hanging up, they can hang up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00795-00272093-00272304 their own pictures. (audience murmuring)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00796-00272304-00272604 It doesn't make any sense so, again,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00797-00272734-00273053 Oliver Wendell Holmes talked about the marketplace of ideas.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00798-00273053-00273334 Most of us have learned that markets
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00799-00273334-00273738 are radically incoherent, there're many different markets
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00800-00273738-00274020 and we don't trust markets to totally create
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00801-00274020-00274224 the kind of society we want.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00802-00274224-00274476 Do we trust government, no, but it means we have to think
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00803-00274476-00274819 of something in a much more sophisticated way.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00804-00274819-00275131 So let me just end by saying this.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00805-00275131-00275595 One of the points is that if we try to regulate speech,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00806-00275595-00275828 which apparently we do with child pornography,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00807-00275828-00276082 apparently we do libel, apparently we do if you split up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00808-00276082-00276281 with your girlfriend or boyfriend or whoever and you post
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00809-00276281-00276709 their picture, nude, whatever, that's regulated so and why?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00810-00276709-00276876 Because it's a harm.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00811-00276977-00277204 Should we trust government?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00812-00277204-00277374 I don't know, what do we mean by government?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00813-00277374-00277712 Do we mean the police, the same people who are saying,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00814-00277712-00277951 and I would venture to say the people in Louisiana
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00815-00277951-00278179 when they, there's blood coming out
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00816-00278179-00278445 of demonstrators at Berkeley.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00817-00278445-00278647 What about the blood coming out of Michael Brown?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00818-00278647-00279117 - Oh yeah, oh, yeah. (audience clapping)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00819-00279117-00279429 - There's an article I mentioned, the defining issue
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00820-00279429-00279729 in the country today is who belongs.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00821-00279729-00279966 Can the other belong, and that's the question.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00822-00279966-00280197 So you have right-wing nationalist ethnic groups
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00823-00280197-00280438 popping up all around the country as the country,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00824-00280438-00280583 as country has become more diverse.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00825-00280583-00280831 That is what's challenging democracy
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00826-00280831-00281103 and going back again to Lincoln's thing, can we think
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00827-00281103-00281452 of a new birth of freedom where all are included?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00828-00281452-00281867 And, again, I actually believe strongly in equality,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00829-00281867-00282122 strongly in the First Amendment, strongly in free speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00830-00282122-00282280 What happens when they conflict?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00831-00282280-00282642 I think the animating principle is that belonging,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00832-00282642-00283105 participating is what holds both equality and free speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00833-00283105-00283278 That's what we should be leaning to.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00834-00283278-00283695 In Canada, when they refused to allow sexist speech,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00835-00283979-00284263 they argue, the Canadian Supreme Court,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00836-00284263-00284436 they were not allowing it because it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00837-00284436-00284715 violated the principle of belonging.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00838-00284715-00285189 Now, by some accounts, Canada has more speech than we do.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00839-00285189-00285507 Canada had more demonstration than we do.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00840-00285507-00285874 They're probably not perfect but I believe we can do better
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00841-00285874-00286048 and I believe we can do better by engaging
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00842-00286048-00286245 these questions in a deep way,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00843-00286245-00286600 not in a sloganistic way and not in a simple way.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00844-00286600-00287047 Yes, we're in a hard place and so I'm not saying
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00845-00287047-00287344 we have the answers but I think we could do better
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00846-00287344-00287568 at posing the question, thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00847-00287568-00287885 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00848-00289548-00289878 - So we have a really interesting conflict
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00849-00289878-00290137 here, I think, I mean really fascinating.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00850-00290137-00290554 We have on the one hand an account of the jurisprudence
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00851-00290709-00291109 of the country, what the Supreme Court has said,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00852-00291209-00291645 and John is really challenging that as an adequate guide
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00853-00291645-00291904 to the harm that speech can do.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00854-00292189-00292661 So I'd like our panelists to reflect on the differences
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00855-00292661-00293003 between physical harm and emotional harm.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00856-00293969-00294267 (audience murmuring) (Carol and Arlie laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00857-00294267-00294631 - I agreed with a lot that you said, John.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00858-00294631-00295048 What I would add is that we need here in public forums
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00859-00295150-00295478 to discuss injury, what is injury?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00860-00295478-00295763 Do we all see it the same way, do we recognize it?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00861-00295763-00296130 Obviously, in this country at this moment and you're right.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00862-00296130-00296566 It is about like the Civil War and I do think race
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00863-00296566-00296988 is hugely, is central to this but then we need
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00864-00296988-00297323 a conversation about it and that's exactly,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00865-00297323-00297567 this is the forum where it should be, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00866-00297567-00297838 So rather than decide what injury,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00867-00297838-00298209 we should talk about it and did I get you right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00868-00298209-00298609 - Well, just two things, most social scientists today,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00869-00298609-00299022 neuroscientists, health scientists can measure injury
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00870-00299022-00299254 so it's not totally subjective.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00871-00299254-00299706 We all know trauma is real, we all know that if you do
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00872-00299706-00300078 some things, you actually change the structure of the brain
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00873-00300078-00300323 and, yes, I think we should discuss it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00874-00300323-00300549 but I'm saying that some people who don't wanna discuss it,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00875-00300549-00300805 they want to inflict the injury.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00876-00300805-00300960 That's what they're asking for permission
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00877-00300960-00301206 to inflict the injury and I don't think we should give them
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00878-00301206-00301623 that permission and-- (audience claps and whistles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00879-00301729-00301945 And oftentimes, it's asymmetrical.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00880-00301945-00302222 We have these false equations so Trump can say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00881-00302222-00302610 that the right-wing KKK neo-Nazis is the same
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00882-00302610-00302912 as people who are asking for an inclusive society.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00883-00302912-00303321 Fundamentally wrong and so yes, I think we should have
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00884-00303321-00303739 these discussions and the last thing I'll say is this.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00885-00303739-00303977 There's a German philosopher named Habermas.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00886-00303977-00304177 He talked about what are the conditions necessary
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00887-00304177-00304517 to have a true dialogue and we actually don't spend any time
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00888-00304517-00304727 with that, it's just throw people together
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00889-00304727-00305038 and let them and see who comes out on top.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00890-00305038-00305317 But I believe in talking to people who are different
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00891-00305317-00305681 but I also believe in paying attention to injuries,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00892-00305681-00306058 paying attention to equality, paying attention to,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00893-00306058-00306410 end by this, the Civil War, Lincoln opposed the South
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00894-00306410-00306731 and he said, "I actually don't want a war
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00895-00306731-00307118 "so if you will agree to stay in the Union,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00896-00307118-00307382 "I will help industrialize the South."
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00897-00307382-00307629 They said it's too late, he said,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00898-00307629-00307880 "If you will stay in the Union,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00899-00307880-00308159 "I will allow you to keep your slaves.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00900-00308159-00308422 "You can't expand into new territories but you can keep,"
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00901-00308422-00308767 this was Lincoln and they said it's too late.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00902-00308767-00309135 And they said we want to leave and Lincoln said,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00903-00309135-00309404 that's not on the table, so your point, Steven,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00904-00309404-00309558 in terms of there are certain things are closed.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00905-00309558-00309732 There are certain things that are off the table
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00906-00309732-00310001 and I think that everyone here belongs
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00907-00310001-00310301 should be a closed question, that you can't say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00908-00310301-00310563 that transgender people don't belong in this community,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00909-00310563-00310799 get out, so that's what I would push for.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00910-00310799-00311031 It's like and that's why I say the critical question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00911-00311031-00311266 is who are the we, and that's the question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00912-00311266-00311463 that this country has been struggling with
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00913-00311463-00311668 since its very inception.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00914-00311668-00311898 - So I see Erwin and Steven both wanting
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00915-00311898-00312101 very much to say something (chuckles).
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00916-00312101-00312213 - I do wanna address your question, the difference
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00917-00312213-00312428 between physical and emotional harm
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00918-00312428-00312662 but I think one problem with the discussion we've had
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00919-00312662-00313006 is I think were combining three very different questions.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00920-00313006-00313208 One question is what is the current law
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00921-00313208-00313399 with regard to the First Amendment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00922-00313399-00313648 that you as chanc on this campus must observe?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00923-00313648-00313890 Second, what should be the law with regard
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00924-00313890-00314070 to the First Amendment, which really what's
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00925-00314070-00314224 John's talking about, and third,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00926-00314224-00314460 how should we all act in this context?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00927-00314460-00314631 I just wanna comment on each of those
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00928-00314631-00314824 in light of the question you posed.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00929-00314824-00315074 Be clear, the law of the First Amendment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00930-00315074-00315472 now is that all ideas and views can be expressed on campus.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00931-00315472-00315749 The campus cannot prevent or punish speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00932-00315749-00316036 because it's offensive, no matter how offensive it is.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00933-00316036-00316306 Whatever you might think with regard to the Nazis in Skokie,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00934-00316306-00316575 every court to rule on the question held that the Nazis
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00935-00316575-00316786 had the right to march in Skokie,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00936-00316786-00317026 no matter how much offense that caused.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00937-00317026-00317321 If the chancellor or the campus were to try to prevent
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00938-00317321-00317700 speech because they follow what John believes,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00939-00317700-00317983 they will get sued, they will lose.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00940-00317983-00318215 They'll be liable for money damages.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00941-00318215-00318399 They'll be liable for attorneys' fees
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00942-00318399-00318546 and they'll make martyrs of those
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00943-00318546-00318892 who they're trying to suppress, so we have to separate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00944-00318892-00319067 what we might want the law to be
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00945-00319067-00319370 in the ideal for what it actually is now.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00946-00319370-00319627 Second, we can then talk about as John's talking about
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00947-00319627-00319862 and others are, what should the law be?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00948-00319862-00320120 And here, I do think I disagree with John,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00949-00320120-00320413 not in terms of his description of the pain of speech,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00950-00320413-00320580 not in terms of the description of the nature
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00951-00320580-00320844 of the country, but in terms of the basic premise
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00952-00320844-00321198 what campus are about, I think it's the nature of campuses
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00953-00321198-00321558 that there has to be full inquiry and ideas.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00954-00321558-00321748 That's what academic freedom is
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00955-00321748-00321995 and it has to be that, that if we're really gonna have
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00956-00321995-00322277 academic freedom, that kind of inquiry,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00957-00322277-00322533 all ideas and views have to be expressed.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00958-00322533-00322919 The alternative to that is for a campus to be able to say,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00959-00322919-00323122 this is the truth as we see it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00960-00323122-00323480 and any other viewpoint we can prevent and punish.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00961-00323480-00323808 And if John were in charge and able to determine that truth,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00962-00323808-00324017 I might be comfortable with it.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00963-00324017-00324303 What we know is that the people who are gonna be in charge
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00964-00324303-00324723 might find my views or John's views to be too offensive.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00965-00324723-00325072 If Southerners in the early 1960s could've suppressed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00966-00325072-00325326 the speech they didn't like as offensive,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00967-00325326-00325614 they would've stopped the Civil Rights protesters.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00968-00325614-00325856 The only way our speech could be protected tomorrow
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00969-00325856-00326053 is to make sure were protecting the speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00970-00326053-00326299 that we don't like today and so in answer
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00971-00326299-00326573 Chancellor Christ's question, the law is
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00972-00326573-00326811 and the law should be to draw a distinction
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00973-00326811-00327002 between physical and emotional harm.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00974-00327002-00327220 Now, in reality, there many not be that distinction.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00975-00327220-00327479 Great emotional harm can have physical manifestations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00976-00327479-00327692 but the law is clear, while there's no right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00977-00327692-00328001 to cause somebody to physically fear for his or her safety,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00978-00328001-00328229 you can't stop speech 'cause it's offensive
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00979-00328229-00328396 and will cause emotional harm.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00980-00328396-00328790 That then leaves the third question: what should we do?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00981-00328790-00329058 Well, obviously, we should engage in discourse like this.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00982-00329058-00329234 We should also always remember
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00983-00329234-00329445 just 'cause of the First Amendment to say something
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00984-00329445-00329772 doesn't mean it should be said and also we should remember
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00985-00329772-00330092 that we as campus officials, as a chancellor,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00986-00330092-00330414 as a provost, as a dean also have speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00987-00330414-00330693 When there's speech that goes on that we think is offensive
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00988-00330693-00330953 or inappropriate, we need to speak out against it.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00989-00330953-00331200 We need to ascribe the kind community we want to be
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00990-00331200-00331475 but I believe we are far better off as a university,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00991-00331475-00331770 as a society allowing the speech to go on
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00992-00331770-00332025 than to allow anybody in power to punish speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00993-00332025-00332245 because it's they think it's just too offensive.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00994-00332245-00332617 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00995-00332617-00332792 - Steven? - Thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00996-00332906-00333125 So, yeah, I could have some good rollicking fights
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00997-00333125-00333484 with John I think 'cause I think, for example,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00998-00333484-00333706 there's a whole number, I have a whole list of cliches
ZE-CQzmNnBY-00999-00333706-00333914 that I don't use and avoid 'cause I think they stop
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01000-00333914-00334146 discussions and circumvent and whites supremacy
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01001-00334146-00334342 is one of them, although the phenomenon is real,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01002-00334342-00334611 the whole complex is absolutely correct.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01003-00334611-00334833 Let me tell where we agree to a certain extent though
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01004-00334833-00334996 'cause I think that might be more useful
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01005-00334996-00335326 and try a slightly different answer than Erwin gave.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01006-00335326-00335507 I don't normally do this but I'd like to state
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01007-00335507-00335717 my bona fides on this question.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01008-00335717-00335870 Students here won't know this 'cause it's happened
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01009-00335870-00336148 I think 12, 14 years ago but the adults remember
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01010-00336148-00336529 so Trent Lott was a Republican Senate majority leader
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01011-00336529-00336858 and he gave a talk for Strom Thurmond's 180th birthday,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01012-00336858-00337081 whatever it was. (audience laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01013-00337081-00337437 And he said, the adults remember this, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01014-00337437-00337701 You know the episode I'm, and he said,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01015-00337701-00337933 "Gosh, Strom, if you'd won that election in 1948
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01016-00337933-00338144 "to be president, maybe we wouldn't have all these problems
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01017-00338144-00338439 "today in the South or (mumbles)" and it's like what the?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01018-00338439-00338652 Right? (audience chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01019-00338652-00338802 I think if you check the chronology,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01020-00338802-00339069 I was the first conservative commentator to write publicly
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01021-00339069-00339377 that he had to go and some of my conservative friends
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01022-00339377-00339549 disagreed and said, we can't let the left
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01023-00339549-00339717 tell us who our leaders are and I said,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01024-00339717-00339853 no, no, we're not doing that.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01025-00339853-00340099 When somebody's a blithering idiot,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01026-00340099-00340302 doesn't matter what the left says, we ought to say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01027-00340302-00340643 who can stay as our leaders, right, okay.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01028-00340929-00341275 It was not unusual back in the 1960s
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01029-00341275-00341596 for a guy named George Lincoln Rockwell to appear
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01030-00341596-00341794 on college campuses, I'm not sure how many
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01031-00341794-00341949 of you know that name as students.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01032-00341949-00342178 He was the head of the American Nazi Party
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01033-00342178-00342411 until one of his own member shot him at a laundromat
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01034-00342411-00342716 in 1967, how these guys end, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01035-00342716-00342967 Now I don't think he came to Berkeley
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01036-00342967-00343124 but I know he came to Cornell and I know
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01037-00343124-00343320 about his Cornell visit 'cause I knew two faculty members
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01038-00343320-00343626 there, one one was Allan Bloom who opposed him coming.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01039-00343626-00343847 It was conservatives opposed him coming
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01040-00343847-00344023 and the liberals, some liberals opposed it too.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01041-00344023-00344190 It was not a strict left-right divide
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01042-00344190-00344396 but the liberals wanted to have him on campus, why?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01043-00344396-00344658 Because they wanted to confront him.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01044-00344658-00344935 I can give more examples like this and that seems to me
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01045-00344935-00345138 it's faded from the liberal university.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01046-00345138-00345400 I hope that there's no fool here wants to invite
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01047-00345400-00345670 Richard Spencer to come, you know,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01048-00345670-00345837 Auburn University had let him speak
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01049-00345837-00346017 'cause as a public university, he went to federal court
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01050-00346017-00346150 and said he has a First Amendment right.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01051-00346150-00346514 You have to let him speak but if he did,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01052-00346514-00346843 here's the attitude I wish we had here.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01053-00346843-00347022 I wish we had the collective attitude,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01054-00347022-00347173 okay, he's got a right to speak here.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01055-00347173-00347470 We're gonna squash him like a bug.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01056-00347470-00347778 And I would join the rally to around,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01057-00347903-00348158 I'm not sure what phrase is the right one to use,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01058-00348158-00348419 students we describe, marginalized students today,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01059-00348419-00348628 groups who would be targeted and say,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01060-00348628-00348737 we're not only gonna be your champions,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01061-00348737-00349028 we're gonna show up and-- - Turn out backs.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01062-00349028-00349277 - That's one way of doing it, if there's questions,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01063-00349277-00349438 by the way and I'm sure this will work.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01064-00349438-00349602 I have this line of questions I would do with him,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01065-00349602-00349795 would conclude with saying that all of your principles
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01066-00349795-00349951 you state essentially mean you've renounced
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01067-00349951-00350155 your American citizenship so I'm gonna regard you
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01068-00350155-00350358 as an illegal alien who should be deported
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01069-00350358-00350522 and see how he would take all that.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01070-00350522-00350672 (audience chuckles) It'd be fun, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01071-00350672-00351078 A lot of people might disagree about that but I repeat
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01072-00351078-00351350 this attitude, I think there's much to you say.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01073-00351350-00351552 I think we we not, we don't,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01074-00351552-00351744 I think we can make out the intent
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01075-00351744-00351996 of people who come who want to do people injury,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01076-00351996-00352173 emotional injury and otherwise, I think
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01077-00352173-00352429 that's absolutely intelligible principle.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01078-00352429-00352677 I do agree with Erwin that once you make that
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01079-00352677-00352954 an official policy and let governments use it,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01080-00352954-00353097 I mean you really want the Trump administration
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01081-00353097-00353279 running with that doctrine?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01082-00353279-00353485 I don't think so, I think that's as a practical matter,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01083-00353485-00353712 that's a problem but I think that the argument
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01084-00353712-00354071 is a very good one and I actually strongly agree with it.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01085-00354071-00354343 - So I'm now gonna ask a question that goes
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01086-00354343-00354554 on a different direction as these are the questions
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01087-00354554-00354772 that keep me up at night and so I'm looking
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01088-00354772-00355067 for some advice from this panel about them.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01089-00355067-00355376 So we have two conservative speakers,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01090-00355519-00355700 actually one is a set of speakers,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01091-00355700-00355970 Milo Yiannopoulos is going to bring speakers with him
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01092-00355970-00356253 starting on the 24th of September.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01093-00356370-00356787 Benjamin Shapiro is coming on the 14th of September
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01094-00356983-00357400 and two arguments that have certainly been made to me
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01095-00357588-00357883 about restricting this speech,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01096-00357883-00358322 I've consulted with a lot of lawyers and they all say,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01097-00358322-00358712 we, if these have been legitimately invited speakers
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01098-00358712-00359032 by student groups, both of which are,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01099-00359032-00359286 you have to let them speak but the arguments
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01100-00359286-00359702 for cancellation of an event are either that it is going
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01101-00359869-00360286 to cause an imminent threat to the safety of the community
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01102-00360468-00360885 so my first question is what would constitute that threat.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01103-00361198-00361540 And the second is that there should be some people,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01104-00361540-00361836 say some reasonable limitation on cost.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01105-00361836-00362098 It's obviously won't surprise anybody in this room
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01106-00362098-00362379 that's it's going to be very costly to put in place
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01107-00362379-00362804 the security precautions we think are important.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01108-00362804-00363071 So do you think either of these,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01109-00363275-00363583 safety or cost, should be limitations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01110-00363717-00363967 on speakers brought to campus?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01111-00364101-00364502 I might say with Milo, one of the arguments that's been made
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01112-00364502-00364783 to me is this is going to be enormously disruptive
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01113-00364783-00365175 of the campus' functioning for those four days.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01114-00365355-00365584 If you were me, how would you
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01115-00365584-00366001 be answering those questions? (audience and Carol laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01116-00366488-00366704 - Let me jump in here for minute.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01117-00366704-00366886 I think there's a lot that you could do
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01118-00366886-00367126 but I agree with her wings recitation of the law.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01119-00367126-00367313 I don't agree with a lot of what else he said.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01120-00367313-00367659 I do also want you to note a lawyer's trick he just did.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01121-00367659-00368032 (audience and Carol laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01122-00368032-00368335 He basically defined me in a way that's not right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01123-00368335-00368528 and then he argued against it.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01124-00368528-00368682 And John, he would say truth,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01125-00368682-00368869 I'm not talking about the truth.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01126-00368869-00369181 So I talked about engaging with conservatives,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01127-00369181-00369463 engaging with people who are different than you
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01128-00369463-00369847 but there're bounds to it, it's not unbounded.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01129-00369847-00370188 So I'm not saying you only have people you agree with
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01130-00370188-00370613 and the thing that the Supreme Court and most people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01131-00370613-00371073 who claim the absolute priority of the First Amendment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01132-00371073-00371401 don't really deal with injury, they trivialize it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01133-00371401-00371587 so what Erwin did when he went back, started talking
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01134-00371587-00371774 about offense, I'm not talking about offense.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01135-00371774-00372183 I'm talking about you can and any medical person,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01136-00372183-00372335 you can check with this, the difference
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01137-00372335-00372650 between physical and psychological injuries is small
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01138-00372650-00372892 and sometimes even greater so what I would say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01139-00372892-00373159 is that first, in terms of cost, contain the costs,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01140-00373159-00373635 so you might say, okay, this is a big-sized room.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01141-00373635-00373907 Maybe we could get a little smaller room and--
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01142-00373907-00374138 (audience chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01143-00374138-00374334 And for safety, we can't have people sitting in the aisles
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01144-00374334-00374718 or whatever but I mean you have a right to actually control
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01145-00374718-00375103 time, place, and matter and that's the current law
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01146-00375103-00375482 but I teach in the law school with Erwin
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01147-00375482-00375905 and I teach students how the law is constantly evolving.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01148-00375905-00376122 So I think from my perspective, to be candid,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01149-00376122-00376338 it's a cop-out to just say this is what the law is.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01150-00376338-00376577 Not for you, chancellor-- (audience member whistles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01151-00376577-00376882 You may be stuck with that, but you're not.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01152-00376882-00377098 You're here to actually make a new world.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01153-00377098-00377337 You're not here just to inhabit the world that we messed up.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01154-00377337-00377729 (audience cheers and applauds)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01155-00378021-00378172 - David?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01156-00378172-00378666 - I'm certainly in favor of making the world new (laughs).
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01157-00378666-00379033 I don't think we have the, we can start now.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01158-00379381-00379797 We won't be done by the end of this month frustratingly.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01159-00380317-00380667 To come back to the question of what to do
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01160-00380987-00381137 in the short term,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01161-00381427-00381685 I mean I'm not sure that I have an answer,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01162-00381685-00381976 given how close the constraints are
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01163-00382106-00382356 on what the law demands of us,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01164-00382493-00382884 what are precedent policies are, since I gather
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01165-00383059-00383366 that if we were to say, oh, no, we have a new policy,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01166-00383366-00383766 that would be a prior restraint on these events.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01167-00384220-00384553 In this situation, I think that the hand
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01168-00384812-00385111 has more or less been dealt.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01169-00385111-00385361 I think a medium-term question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01170-00385822-00386230 while we are pushing to redefine the conversation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01171-00386512-00386915 at the Supreme Court about the relation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01172-00386915-00387074 of speech to injury
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01173-00387327-00387677 is how here on this campus, we can reshape
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01174-00388091-00388291 the conditions of events
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01175-00388472-00388872 such that speakers whose only goal is to provoke
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01176-00389047-00389422 are not entitled to the steps of Sproul Hall,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01177-00389697-00389962 based on the invitation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01178-00389962-00390329 of a single registered student organization.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01179-00390756-00390981 Whether that should be done
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01180-00391242-00391551 via the firm way by redefining policy
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01181-00391949-00392132 or by a give-and-take,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01182-00392370-00392720 the dialogic way that would hopefully make
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01183-00392947-00393338 registered student organizations less interested
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01184-00393338-00393713 in demonstrating their rights through outrage
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01185-00394132-00394432 and more interested in demonstrating
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01186-00394625-00394983 the value of free speech through engagement
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01187-00395068-00395325 and as I said before, the drawing forth
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01188-00395325-00395558 in a multiplicity of voices,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01189-00395859-00396239 I do not know which is the more feasible.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01190-00396239-00396609 It seems to me that the latter is the more valuable.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01191-00396609-00396934 (faint speaking) - And then Arlie.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01192-00396934-00397253 - I think my advice to you would be this is a place
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01193-00397253-00397488 where you should follow the law.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01194-00397488-00397746 If you don't follow the law, you're gonna get sued.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01195-00397746-00398057 You're gonna lose and what's gonna happen here
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01196-00398057-00398412 is you can make martyrs of those very individuals
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01197-00398412-00398775 who you're silencing, what Milo and Ann Coulter
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01198-00398775-00399063 most want is to be kept from speaking on this campus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01199-00399063-00399329 (audience clapping) and if you do that,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01200-00399329-00399603 you're empowering them, those who think of themselves
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01201-00399603-00400004 progressives cannot see freedom of speech just to the right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01202-00400004-00400242 and let them be the champions of speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01203-00400242-00400504 Now in answer to your two specific questions,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01204-00400504-00400818 the law uses the word reasonableness.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01205-00400818-00401133 You have the duty to take all reasonable steps
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01206-00401133-00401377 to ensure that they're able to speak
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01207-00401377-00401619 so you have to take reasonable steps to ensure
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01208-00401619-00401874 that they can speak consistent with public safety.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01209-00401874-00402097 If despite all reasonable steps, you conclude
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01210-00402097-00402375 there is no way to allow them to speak
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01211-00402375-00402647 and preserve public safety, then you can stop them
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01212-00402647-00402937 from doing so, you have to show that it's a last resort.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01213-00402937-00403211 You have to show you didn't do so on the basis of viewpoint
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01214-00403211-00403462 but your paramount duty as chancellor is to protect
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01215-00403462-00403817 the safety of the students, the staff and the faculty
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01216-00403817-00404122 on campus, you have to expend a reasonable amount
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01217-00404122-00404386 of money in order to do this.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01218-00404386-00404548 Now, what's reasonable is gonna be assessed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01219-00404548-00404783 in the context and there is a point
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01220-00404783-00404995 at which you can understandably say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01221-00404995-00405193 we couldn't spend any more than this
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01222-00405193-00405460 but there is a clear burden on doing so
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01223-00405460-00405656 and what's important here to remember
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01224-00405656-00405951 is that freedom of speech also has been crucial
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01225-00405951-00406358 for advancing civil rights, for stopping the Vietnam War.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01226-00406358-00406754 It's not just a tool of oppression and if we don't allow
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01227-00406754-00407006 freedom of speech in these instances,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01228-00407006-00407432 then it really does empower those who we're most afraid of
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01229-00407432-00407809 and give them a tremendous tool to use against us.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01230-00407809-00407968 - Arlie?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01231-00407968-00408387 - I have to say I really agree with what you just said
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01232-00408387-00408861 but I also agree that psychological injury is real
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01233-00408861-00409195 and important and I, therefore, think we need
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01234-00409195-00409517 a series of public debates on what
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01235-00409517-00409842 psychological injury is and not presume
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01236-00409935-00410235 that all people are on board with us
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01237-00410326-00410718 'cause they aren't and so have a public debate.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01238-00410870-00411287 I'm thinking of the debates on whether the U.S. should have
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01239-00411405-00411731 gone into Iraq and you had Christopher Hitchens
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01240-00411731-00412074 who said yes, we must, in Pauley Ballroom,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01241-00412074-00412336 you must remember that there was Mark Danner
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01242-00412336-00412803 on the other side and they went at it, it was a debate.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01243-00412803-00413168 Now you might be offended, the idea that wait a minute.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01244-00413168-00413415 We've already, we've come a long way on this.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01245-00413415-00413597 And so you're talking to people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01246-00413597-00413897 who don't agree with what we know to be true
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01247-00413897-00414344 but I think that's where we're at as a country.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01248-00414344-00414683 I often had that feeling talking to people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01249-00414683-00415028 in Louisiana over those five years, thinking,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01250-00415028-00415297 wait a minute, this was a conversation I remember having
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01251-00415297-00415655 in 1962 and you're still with it, you know?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01252-00415755-00416105 And sometimes someone would say to me, oh.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01253-00416458-00416721 I'll give you an example.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01254-00416721-00417101 I interviewed a guy worked in, born on a plantation,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01255-00417101-00417467 white, Cajun, 60s, Tea Party guy, Trump guy,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01256-00417810-00418038 and born on a sugar plantation.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01257-00418038-00418391 He worked in oil all his life so it's the old South
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01258-00418391-00418751 and the new South and I'm asking him,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01259-00418751-00419170 we're out on a fishing trip, I say, okay, race like I really
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01260-00419170-00419399 (chuckles) let's just talk about race.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01261-00419399-00419594 I don't think I'm getting a clear read here
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01262-00419594-00419902 and he said, oh, I'm a reformed bigot
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01263-00420253-00420631 and so I said send what's a reformed bigot, what is a bigot?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01264-00420631-00420863 Well, a bigot is someone who hates blacks
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01265-00420863-00421228 or uses the N word, I never hated blacks
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01266-00421228-00421619 and the N word, well in the 19, I did use it.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01267-00421619-00422035 Blacks also used it but now I'm offended since the 1960s,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01268-00422149-00422424 he said, been offended and on Facebook,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01269-00422424-00422673 if anyone uses that word, I defriend them
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01270-00422673-00422956 so reformed bigot, okay, so I say,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01271-00423044-00423327 what was it like when your school,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01272-00423503-00423853 public school in Donaldsonville, Louisiana,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01273-00423853-00424093 in the lower reaches of the Mississippi,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01274-00424093-00424509 it's now called Cancer Alley and Donaldsonville High,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01275-00424717-00425103 tell me how you experienced integration.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01276-00425103-00425520 He said, well, in high school, the first freshman year,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01277-00425665-00425965 we had two blacks and in senior year
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01278-00426094-00426453 half of our class was black, and asked him,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01279-00426659-00426925 so did you make any new friends?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01280-00427072-00427355 And you know what his answer was?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01281-00427355-00427772 A long silence and (faint speaking).
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01282-00428060-00428451 You're making me think, you're making me think.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01283-00428543-00428960 In other words, the conversation, that was a new thought
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01284-00428960-00429382 to him so, okay, racism, sure, but the fact
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01285-00429382-00429611 that he hadn't even thought about it,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01286-00429611-00429973 we need to talk about it, we need to certainly there,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01287-00429973-00430298 that conversation needs to be moved forward
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01288-00430298-00430692 but even as you're saying, the whole nation is stuck here
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01289-00430692-00430960 so we do have to go back over territory
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01290-00430960-00431280 we think is settled and get that out
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01291-00431280-00431591 in the form of public debates, many, many of them,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01292-00431591-00431829 Berkeley the leader. (audience claps and chuckle)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01293-00431829-00432246 - So now, I'm gonna throw this open to questions from you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01294-00432505-00432910 It's gonna be hard to pass the mic around but we'll try.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01295-00432910-00433010 - Thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01296-00433122-00433423 Oh, perfect. (audience laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01297-00433423-00433748 Okay, I'm gonna sit here, yeah.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01298-00433748-00434073 Hi, thank you for being here, I'm Luna.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01299-00434194-00434611 So I will take John's proposition one step further
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01300-00434943-00435360 and Dean Chemerinksy, please don't hold against me.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01301-00435529-00435966 So I think that we have an issue of definitions here.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01302-00435966-00436350 I don't think that this is a conversation about free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01303-00436350-00436767 or different views or even how UC Berkeley as a university
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01304-00436936-00437392 and us as students should respond to next week's event.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01305-00437392-00437769 I think this is a more fundamental question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01306-00437769-00438186 and to answer it, I think we should first ask
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01307-00438186-00438519 what the object and purpose of the law is,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01308-00438519-00438960 in general and specifically the First Amendment.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01309-00438960-00439388 I think the purpose of the law is to achieve certain values.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01310-00439388-00439674 The law is at the service of those values
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01311-00439674-00440032 and not the other way 'round, so if the law
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01312-00440157-00440574 is not an ends onto itself, why do we protect free speech?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01313-00440688-00441075 Not because the forefathers had an absolute truth
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01314-00441075-00441527 handed to them and they just sat down and codified it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01315-00441527-00441874 but because they sat down, talked about it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01316-00441874-00442217 and considered which values we, as a society,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01317-00442217-00442442 agreed we wanted to pursue.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01318-00442745-00443196 So I think perhaps this is a time when we should ask
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01319-00443196-00443670 ourselves this same question that the forefathers asked.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01320-00443670-00444027 One, what are our values, this is a problem
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01321-00444027-00444244 of definitions, we have to define the values
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01322-00444244-00444557 that we want to uphold as a society.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01323-00444557-00444963 If, as John said, the values that we want
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01324-00444963-00445238 are justice, fairness, belonging,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01325-00445467-00445875 and a we the people, then how do we achieve them?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01326-00446047-00446419 The law is not unquestionable, the law is not inevitable.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01327-00446419-00446807 The law is there to serve societal needs
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01328-00446807-00447267 so do we achieve these goals by allowing each other
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01329-00447267-00447619 to engage in hateful speech that has very real
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01330-00447619-00448019 and tangible consequences beyond emotional harm?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01331-00448160-00448504 I don't know, if that is not a way in which we achieve
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01332-00448504-00448839 those values then I want to push against the notion
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01333-00448839-00449184 of the inviolability of the First Amendment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01334-00449184-00449388 because after all, and this is the last thing
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01335-00449388-00449884 I'm gonna say, to amend is, and I quote, to change a text
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01336-00449884-00450300 in order to make it more accurate or more fair, thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01337-00450442-00450525 - Okay.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01338-00450759-00450951 - Other questions?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01339-00450951-00451150 Yes, you in the purple shirt.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01340-00451150-00451374 I think that's purple.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01341-00451374-00451654 - [Bill] I don't really need a microphone.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01342-00451654-00451960 - I think, people outside of this room
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01343-00451960-00452246 can't hear us without the mic. - All right.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01344-00452246-00452490 Hi, my name's Bill MacGregor, I work up at the Lawrence Hall
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01345-00452490-00452885 of Science and I'm the other conservative in the room.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01346-00452885-00453108 (audience laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01347-00453108-00453365 Yes, and I also wanted to say that I find it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01348-00453365-00453623 both dangerous and threatening,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01349-00453875-00454114 the left's attempt to put anybody
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01350-00454114-00454391 who supported Trump as a white supremacist.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01351-00454391-00454668 I think that is very unhealthy for the nation.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01352-00454668-00455117 I also think that when I get an email from the chancellor
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01353-00455117-00455451 that says regarding the Trump's decision
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01354-00455610-00455793 to end DACA that says,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01355-00456108-00456516 we call on the Berkeley community to get together
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01356-00456621-00456962 and respond in whatever way they see fit.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01357-00457101-00457521 Any way they see fit, I think, is broad territory
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01358-00457521-00457923 and I read that as kind of a willingness
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01359-00457923-00458221 to tolerate violence and I think that is unhealthy
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01360-00458221-00458563 for the community so what I would like to know
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01361-00458563-00458956 is what is the best response from a top administrator
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01362-00458956-00459350 to a situation like the appearance of Milo?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01363-00459350-00459762 My view is we deplore your views, we uphold your rights
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01364-00459762-00459973 and leave it at that, you know?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01365-00459973-00460256 I think there's been a wink, wink, nod, nod towards violence
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01366-00460256-00460505 and I find that very disturbing, thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01367-00460505-00460907 - Well, I wanna be very clear that I am very much against
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01368-00460907-00461184 violence, I won't tolerate it, I certainly didn't mean
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01369-00461184-00461567 those words in the letter to imply that I did.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01370-00461672-00462056 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01371-00462056-00462292 You with the computer.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01372-00462292-00462601 (audience murmuring)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01373-00462746-00463094 - [Mukund] Hi, I'm Mukund, I'm a law student here
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01374-00463094-00463425 at Berkeley, I wanna thank you for the great panel.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01375-00463425-00463655 I think that there are some things in your discussion
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01376-00463655-00463852 about free speech at Berkeley that were left out
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01377-00463852-00464124 and so I'd like to expand on some of those.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01378-00464124-00464422 I wrote on length about these in a September 5th op-ed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01379-00464422-00464731 in the Daily Cal criticizing the chancellor and mayor
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01380-00464731-00465049 for obstructing anti-racist speech on August 27th
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01381-00465049-00465255 when white supremacists came to Berkeley
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01382-00465255-00465479 and there are several counter protests.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01383-00465479-00465704 this is a problem because the discussion about free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01384-00465704-00465954 on college campuses has been entirely
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01385-00465954-00466284 about conservative speakers and right-wing provocateurs
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01386-00466284-00466578 and not about progressive students and faculty
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01387-00466578-00466767 who have been silenced for their attempts
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01388-00466767-00467029 to use free speech to protest.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01389-00467029-00467306 Just to give a timeline on this, on August 23rd,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01390-00467306-00467539 Chancellor Christ made a very widely publicized statement
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01391-00467539-00467805 on free speech saying that free speech is who we are
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01392-00467805-00468000 but two days later, she sent an email
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01393-00468000-00468223 to the campus endorsing the city council's advice
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01394-00468223-00468500 to quote, stay away from all of downtown Berkeley
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01395-00468500-00468713 and to not attend protests.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01396-00468713-00469084 One day before August 27th, this was on August 27th,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01397-00469084-00469369 the coalition of 100 unions and community organizations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01398-00469369-00469678 planned to hold a safe Bay Area Rally Against Hate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01399-00469678-00469922 on Crescent Lawn and one day before that rally,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01400-00469922-00470253 UCPD barricaded Crescent Lawn and this coalition,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01401-00470253-00470514 these thousands of people were forced onto Oxford Street,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01402-00470514-00470826 which made it more dangerous because of vehicular accidents,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01403-00470826-00470958 not accidents, I mean the murder
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01404-00470958-00471121 that happened in Charlottesville.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01405-00471121-00471278 So we had a rally on Oxford Street.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01406-00471278-00471456 We protected ourselves with the security team
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01407-00471456-00471864 and it was safe, on August 28th, and this is two days
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01408-00471864-00472102 after Chancellor Christ told people to not go to a rally,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01409-00472102-00472335 she said that by pushing people onto Oxford Street,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01410-00472335-00472467 she aimed to protect our campus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01411-00472467-00472675 and community and she applauded the quote,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01412-00472675-00472934 "thousands who protested peacefully in Berkeley."
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01413-00472934-00473208 I'll be quite honest, I think this is shameful opportunism
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01414-00473208-00473467 to, on the one hand, encourage people to not protest,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01415-00473467-00473647 to push them off campus when they try to use
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01416-00473647-00473946 their free speech rights and then to say that you applaud
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01417-00473946-00474193 their protest, so the university has estimated
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01418-00474193-00474541 that it'll cost $13,000 to secure and staff Zellerbach Hall,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01419-00474541-00474808 which is where Ben Shapiro is going to be speaking.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01420-00474808-00475061 I'm curious to ask Dean Chemerinsky and Professor Powell
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01421-00475061-00475432 if it's legal to give a one-time offer of $13,000
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01422-00475432-00475672 to bring a political speaker to campus.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01423-00475672-00475864 And my question to Chancellor Christ is if you're willing
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01424-00475864-00476202 to pay to much money to staff Ben Shapiro's event,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01425-00476202-00476412 would you be willing to pay that much money,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01426-00476412-00476618 my group the International Socialization Organization
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01427-00476618-00476823 wants to bring Steven Salaita to campus.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01428-00476823-00477126 He was fired from the University of Illinois in 2014
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01429-00477126-00477344 for sending out tweets critical of Israel.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01430-00477344-00477493 He would have a lot to say about free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01431-00477493-00477744 on college campuses so if we bring him to campus,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01432-00477744-00477966 would you also pay $13,000 to secure
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01433-00477966-00478132 an adequate venue for him?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01434-00478132-00478540 Thank you. (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01435-00478906-00479145 - Actually, the security costs in Zellerbach
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01436-00479145-00479375 are being paid by the BCR.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01437-00479375-00479542 - [Mukund] The venue and staff and costs are being--
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01438-00479542-00479666 - What? - Paid by the university.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01439-00479666-00479808 - The venue and staff-- - The venue and staff
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01440-00479808-00480238 and costs are because I believe that it was critical
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01441-00480238-00480538 to give Ben Shapiro the opportunity
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01442-00480538-00480764 to speak on campus and it was the one venue
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01443-00480764-00480922 that was available.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01444-00481214-00481414 Yes, in the-- - [Woman] You didn't answer-
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01445-00481414-00481561 (audience murmuring) - You were asked questions.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01446-00481561-00481709 - What? - You were asked questions.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01447-00481709-00481962 - [Woman] Yeah, he asked other questions.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01448-00481962-00482122 - Would you pay the same amount?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01449-00482122-00482285 - Would I pay the same amount, I certainly would pay
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01450-00482285-00482609 the same amount for a speaker from a different point of view
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01451-00482609-00482996 and, in fact, I already have a made a commitment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01452-00482996-00483296 to the Division of Equity and Inclusion
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01453-00483296-00483620 for a speaker series which they'll be in charge of doing
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01454-00483620-00483926 and there's another group that's needing to plan
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01455-00483926-00484130 a point-counterpoint speaker series
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01456-00484130-00484475 with people with very sharply divergent views
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01457-00484475-00484658 to talk to each other.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01458-00484930-00485130 Okay, yes, in the front.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01459-00485330-00485708 - [Woman] I don't have anything nearly so well scripted
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01460-00485708-00486110 or planned (chuckles) to say but there's such a difference
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01461-00486110-00486493 between words that we've heard such as belonging,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01462-00486493-00486801 common ground, who are we, engagement
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01463-00486914-00487197 and squash them like a bug, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01464-00487427-00487653 - Yeah. (audience laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01465-00487653-00488070 - [Woman] Okay, so I know you don't mean like literally.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01466-00488189-00488301 - Right. - Okay.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01467-00488301-00488529 I'm just working on the assumption that none of us
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01468-00488529-00488793 are about violence here, okay, I'm interested
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01469-00488793-00488977 in the emotional slide
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01470-00489135-00489552 from taking offense into violence, which obviously happens
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01471-00489661-00489911 pretty easily in heated times.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01472-00490075-00490451 I don't think outrage and free speech are in opposition
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01473-00490451-00490906 to each other, which has sort of been presented also.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01474-00490906-00491170 I'm really interested in silence
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01475-00491170-00491428 as a kind of freedom of speech,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01476-00491548-00491921 maybe related to turning your back, like you said.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01477-00491921-00492136 Go to a speaker and turn your back.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01478-00492136-00492336 That's something, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01479-00492449-00492790 A lot of my friends felt that an appropriate response
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01480-00492790-00493048 to some of the well publicized,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01481-00493145-00493537 highly anticipated protests in the Civic Center
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01482-00493537-00493989 would be really encouraging people just not to go,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01483-00493989-00494406 to let people you disagree with talk to themselves
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01484-00494496-00494865 and not create a news event out of it,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01485-00494865-00495107 like you said, the thing that these people want most
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01486-00495107-00495524 is to be martyred so I'm really torn between the extremes
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01487-00495720-00496012 of just saying if I really disagree
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01488-00496138-00496458 and I don't wanna be violent and I don't wanna get hurt,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01489-00496458-00496658 I should just stay home,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01490-00496848-00497114 write something really eloquent,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01491-00497279-00497737 do something constructive that supports my beliefs
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01492-00497737-00498153 in another way, be silent and that's a way of being,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01493-00498291-00498766 exercising my free speech or getting out there (chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01494-00498766-00499119 engaging and hoping I don't get hurt, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01495-00499119-00499413 So I don't know if that seems, if that's passive
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01496-00499413-00499638 or very consciously active,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01497-00499774-00500066 to turn one's back, to not show up,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01498-00500161-00500378 to not argue face-to-face,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01499-00500519-00500936 to listen but not to give others the opportunity to...
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01500-00501297-00501430 what's the word?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01501-00501567-00501718 Silence me, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01502-00501718-00501966 Okay, I hope that made some sense.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01503-00501966-00502179 - Yeah, David? - I didn't want to suggest--
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01504-00502179-00502356 - And then Arlie. - Sure.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01505-00502356-00502800 That outrage and the First Amendment were incompatible.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01506-00502800-00503217 Clearly, they're, you know (chuckles) all of the victories
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01507-00503383-00503717 that progressives have achieved through freedom of speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01508-00503717-00504012 and through freedom of assembly
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01509-00504012-00504320 have called for outrage to fuel them.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01510-00504814-00504972 I wanted to suggest
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01511-00505313-00505630 that deliberate provocation of outrage
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01512-00506167-00506522 by injecting a speaker like Yiannopoulous
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01513-00506522-00506939 into the campus environment is not the most constructive way
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01514-00507108-00507275 to produce dialogue.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01515-00507515-00507952 I think outrage as a response to Yiannopoulous
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01516-00507952-00508211 is presence is entirely merited
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01517-00508607-00508977 but I don't think it's the only way
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01518-00508977-00509219 that we can choose to respond
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01519-00509453-00509687 to that sort of barnstorming
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01520-00509831-00510081 of a professional provocateur.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01521-00510375-00510642 I think coming and yelling back,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01522-00510921-00511254 affirming our own values in his presence
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01523-00511623-00511965 is entirely among the right things to do.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01524-00512272-00512631 You're right though that that confrontation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01525-00512725-00513017 invites just the further escalation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01526-00513146-00513379 towards all kinds of injury,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01527-00513926-00514226 both for the people who are present,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01528-00514378-00514752 for the people who are taking part in the confrontation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01529-00514752-00515010 and for the campus more broadly
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01530-00515246-00515546 as the sort of atmosphere of theater
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01531-00516186-00516465 may envelop not just Sproul Plaza
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01532-00516465-00516690 but the rest of the campus.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01533-00517107-00517431 I think there's a big difference between showing up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01534-00517431-00517606 and turning your back
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01535-00517786-00518003 and going to another venue
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01536-00518250-00518550 and using your voice and your rights
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01537-00518875-00519142 in a more productive, excuse me,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01538-00519314-00519615 in a way that is directly productive
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01539-00519615-00519840 and about a different topic
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01540-00520073-00520483 and I think that both the silent protest
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01541-00520483-00520867 and the desire that Arlie suggested to produce
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01542-00520990-00521407 counter-programming activities that actually celebrate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01543-00521660-00521860 our rights and our voice
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01544-00522080-00522372 in a joyful way are another option.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01545-00522741-00522966 I know that the departments
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01546-00523192-00523415 at our more creative end of the campus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01547-00523415-00523831 are thinking about creative counter programs even now.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01548-00524049-00524284 My vote is for the Hamilton sing-along but--
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01549-00524284-00524417 (audience laughing)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01550-00524417-00524689 We'll let you know how it goes.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01551-00524689-00524822 - Arlie? - Yeah.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01552-00524910-00525260 You could go to the offensive presentation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01553-00525515-00525915 and all hundred of you turn around to express it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01554-00526147-00526513 but you can have something written on your back (chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01555-00526513-00526888 as to what you think and backing up a little,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01556-00527145-00527483 I'd love to see the offensive lectures
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01557-00527483-00527833 one of a dozen lectures going on that day.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01558-00527983-00528195 In other words, more happening.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01559-00528195-00528394 - Counter-programming. - A counter-programming,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01560-00528394-00528561 exactly, it's as if,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01561-00528780-00528955 without intending it,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01562-00529140-00529548 the Berkeley campus culture, a little bit,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01563-00529548-00529890 has been influenced by the public culture
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01564-00530010-00530379 and the media, which is highly polarized
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01565-00530379-00530764 and where people aren't having respectful conversations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01566-00530764-00531059 about meaningful issues, they're yelling at each other
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01567-00531059-00531381 and verbal bombs are going back and forth.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01568-00531381-00531798 and so in a way, a lot of people are ducking their heads
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01569-00532011-00532378 and lying low and instead of being polarized
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01570-00532622-00532864 like the national culture is,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01571-00533241-00533566 let Berkeley be the leader in rising up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01572-00533713-00534005 and creating a great deal of debate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01573-00534213-00534582 in every kind of form, I mean let's make it up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01574-00534582-00534957 and in a way, therefore, be an an alternative
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01575-00535131-00535531 to the national culture, not a reflection of it.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01576-00535707-00535957 - We have lots and lots of hands up.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01577-00535957-00536147 - [Woman] You're not going to say anything
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01578-00536147-00536388 about what that means to squash the bug.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01579-00536388-00536680 - I meant that figuratively, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01580-00536807-00537106 What I meant was have a robust attitude.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01581-00537106-00537332 Here's what I mean, let me do that more seriously.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01582-00537332-00537504 Sorry, I was being a little flip.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01583-00537504-00537689 What you mean is that universities ought to be
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01584-00537689-00538095 the best institutions for confronting this kind of problem.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01585-00538095-00538272 That's the premise of what I'm saying
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01586-00538272-00538489 and I think the university are losing
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01587-00538489-00538906 this ability for a whole bunch of reasons, I think...
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01588-00539102-00539483 Well, I complain a lot of what demagogic speakers
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01589-00539483-00539760 out in a non-university audience do a lot more damage
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01590-00539760-00540029 and afflict a lot more hurt, I think a lot more mischief
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01591-00540029-00540304 so my point was when I said squash them like a bug,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01592-00540304-00540677 I meant have the disposition that we have contempt for you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01593-00540677-00540875 Ridicule, by the way, is always good.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01594-00540875-00541008 We're going to out-argue you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01595-00541008-00541154 We're gonna have some counter-programming.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01596-00541154-00541342 We're gonna have a whole menu of things to show.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01597-00541342-00541527 You give us the best and you're going to run out here.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01598-00541527-00541684 The attitude I'm gonna have, you're gonna run outta here
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01599-00541684-00542156 humiliated, that's the disposition I wished we had.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01600-00542156-00542400 Now, that's not perfect and as I say, I think
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01601-00542400-00542643 there needs to be some thought to the people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01602-00542643-00543060 who are genuinely aggrieved by someone who comes.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01603-00543060-00543364 I said one more thing to Chancellor Christ about this.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01604-00543364-00543663 One practical difficulty with what, when is Milo coming?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01605-00543663-00543811 Two weeks, right? - Yes.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01606-00543811-00543959 - I don't know the guy, by the way.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01607-00543959-00544187 I can boast that I was a victim of one of his tweet storms
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01608-00544187-00544393 once for a criticism I made of Donald Trump
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01609-00544393-00544578 so I can wear that as a badge of honor.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01610-00544578-00544720 One difficulty that you have, the university has
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01611-00544720-00544875 is which Milo's gonna show up?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01612-00544875-00545254 He's a Jekyll-and-Hyde character and I would suggest this
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01613-00545254-00545496 is if you have some time and inclination, go on YouTube
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01614-00545496-00545823 and look up his name, he's got hundreds of YouTube videos.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01615-00545823-00546092 Pick 10 at random, you'll see a Milo
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01616-00546092-00546334 who's in his Cambridge University business suit
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01617-00546334-00546546 doing an Oxford-style debate pretty sober.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01618-00546546-00546885 His hair'll be dark, you'll see the Milo with a feather boa
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01619-00546885-00547261 with his hair dyed white and carrying on like crazy.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01620-00547261-00547416 You can see him on some news shows
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01621-00547416-00547707 where he's running circles around the news anchors, I think.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01622-00547707-00547897 I mean the guy's very talented.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01623-00547897-00548129 Of course, I have also, there's one from his appearance
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01624-00548129-00548352 at University of Massachusetts Amherst
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01625-00548352-00548549 two years ago where his speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01626-00548549-00548821 was five seconds long, does anybody know this one?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01627-00548821-00549151 He got the microphone, paused for a moment and he said,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01628-00549151-00549463 "Feminism is cancer," and then he walked off.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01629-00549463-00549686 That was designed to blow the place up, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01630-00549686-00550001 That's not the Milo you want and I have a hunch,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01631-00550001-00550160 although I don't know this, as I don't know him.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01632-00550160-00550321 I have a hunch the one who shows up in a couple weeks
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01633-00550321-00550584 may be better behaved, I hope I'm not wrong about that.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01634-00550584-00550867 I could be wrong about that but we'll see.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01635-00550867-00551064 He's a Jekyll-and-Hyde character and that doesn't even span
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01636-00551064-00551328 the range there, so there's a difficulty
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01637-00551328-00551508 because we don't know how that's gonna go.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01638-00551508-00551820 - The woman in the black shirt right in front of the camera.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01639-00551820-00551957 You. - Yeah, thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01640-00551957-00552190 I just wanted to get (faint speaking) my name
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01641-00552190-00552392 is Leigh Raiford, I'm a professor--
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01642-00552392-00552545 - [Man] Microphone, please.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01643-00552545-00552789 - [Leigh] And I have two questions.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01644-00552789-00553237 The first is many of our students and faculty
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01645-00553237-00553529 have been attacked on social media,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01646-00553615-00553858 have been threatened violently.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01647-00553858-00554119 People threatening to come into their classrooms
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01648-00554119-00554329 and set them on fire for expressing
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01649-00554329-00554601 their free-speech views in social media
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01650-00554601-00554830 and so one of the things I'd like us to think about
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01651-00554830-00555141 are the ways in which the question of free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01652-00555141-00555455 is fundamentally and radically altered
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01653-00555455-00555730 by social media because I think that's something
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01654-00555730-00555893 that we haven't actually addressed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01655-00555893-00556111 and I think that may also be one of the reasons
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01656-00556111-00556407 that millennials have a very different kind
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01657-00556407-00556699 of relationship to social media.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01658-00556699-00556970 Secondly, on that question of violence
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01659-00556970-00557308 and picking up the question of imminent safety,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01660-00557308-00557741 safety threat, it's not just about abstract students,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01661-00557741-00558027 abstract faculty, it's also about our staff,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01662-00558027-00558400 some of whom are here today who have to come to work
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01663-00558400-00558716 in what is ostensibly going to be a hostile workplace
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01664-00558716-00559132 and it's not just Milo or Ann Coulter or Steve Bannon.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01665-00559256-00559708 It's their supporters that create a problem for us,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01666-00559708-00560047 that create issues of safety and this is not just,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01667-00560047-00560207 again, this is not just abstract.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01668-00560207-00560460 Our staff are the first people who have to deal
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01669-00560460-00560728 when our printers get hacked with racist
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01670-00560728-00561144 and violent prints that just spin out all of our paper
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01671-00561270-00561563 with swastikas et cetera, right?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01672-00561563-00561950 They have to answer the phones when we're being threatened
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01673-00561950-00562252 in our departments and also, how do we,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01674-00562252-00562619 when this is happening, I am really concerned about safety.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01675-00562619-00562846 I'm also concerned about safety as a parent
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01676-00562846-00563197 of a college freshman, I don't want my kid
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01677-00563197-00563428 to have to engage that and also when we
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01678-00563428-00563628 push it off campus, we push it
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01679-00563628-00563913 next to Berkeley High, right? (audience murmuring)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01680-00563913-00564244 And Berkeley Community College so we're making
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01681-00564244-00564573 our surrounding community vulnerable
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01682-00564573-00564833 so I want us to think very carefully,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01683-00564833-00565181 I do actually think that this is an imminent threat
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01684-00565181-00565464 to our safety and I want to figure out
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01685-00565464-00565701 how we can address that and frankly,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01686-00565701-00566146 I'm proposing that we boycott, that this is not safe for us
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01687-00566146-00566366 and so students shouldn't have to go to class.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01688-00566366-00566631 I shouldn't have to teach in an environment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01689-00566631-00566970 in which for a week, right? - Amen.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01690-00566970-00567235 - [Leigh] That this is going to be a circus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01691-00567235-00567557 and I don't know if somebody is actually going
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01692-00567557-00567945 to follow me home and knock me over the head.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01693-00567945-00568262 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01694-00569468-00569743 - So does anybody on the panel want to speak
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01695-00569743-00569901 to those questions?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01696-00570016-00570356 - I had a couple of thoughts, so first of all, thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01697-00570356-00570649 And it's helpful because to me, sometimes, as you said,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01698-00570649-00571066 these are too abstract, there was a news hung in a school,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01699-00571174-00571541 a local high school here yesterday.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01700-00571541-00571958 You had the secretary of education saying she's rolling back
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01701-00572046-00572271 stuff on terms of protecting women,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01702-00572271-00572704 in terms of sexual harassment so these are threats
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01703-00572704-00572919 and it's actually coming from the top
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01704-00572919-00573209 and I respectfully suggest the goal, the solution
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01705-00573209-00573472 is not to be silent, that this is something
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01706-00573472-00573788 much more pernicious than just even speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01707-00573788-00574113 This is a concerted effort and so one of the things
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01708-00574113-00574341 I hope the university will do in addition to thinking
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01709-00574341-00574664 about how to protect students, faculty, our environment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01710-00574664-00574805 and I think, yes, Erwin's right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01711-00574805-00575071 in terms of you have some constraints in terms of the law
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01712-00575071-00575436 but affirmatively, what do we stand for?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01713-00575436-00575678 What are we as a university, and we stand for, yes,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01714-00575678-00575879 we stand for free speech, that was one of the reasons
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01715-00575879-00576181 I came out to Berkeley or out to California in 1965
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01716-00576181-00576377 but we stand for something else as well.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01717-00576377-00576556 What's our affirmative values that we can
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01718-00576556-00576911 really sink into and make those animate?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01719-00576911-00577161 So the safety issues are real.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01720-00577359-00577611 People are afraid and they should be
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01721-00577611-00577961 and I don't think the answer is stay home,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01722-00578158-00578355 to withdraw, I mean your point
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01723-00578355-00578756 in terms of democratic institutions die if people,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01724-00578756-00578931 if everybody withdraw, if everybody goes inside
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01725-00578931-00579136 so I'm not saying there's a easy solution
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01726-00579136-00579349 but I hope we really grapple with this.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01727-00579349-00579559 How do we really make this a safe community
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01728-00579559-00579898 day in and day out, how we actually animate all our values?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01729-00579898-00580182 And I would be concerned if we only animate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01730-00580182-00580358 the value of free speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01731-00580358-00580753 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01732-00580753-00581095 - The man with a gray shirt on the aisle.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01733-00581285-00581456 - [Jos] Thanks very much, my name's Jos Lavery.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01734-00581456-00581711 I teach in the English department and I'm currently teaching
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01735-00581711-00581915 a course called Genres of Free Speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01736-00581915-00582144 which is designed to address these issues
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01737-00582144-00582372 and I'm really grateful especially to colleagues
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01738-00582372-00582803 who've address issues of safety for staff and faculty
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01739-00582803-00583038 in the context of mounting violence.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01740-00583038-00583346 I think it might be helpful since there remains, I think,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01741-00583346-00583639 a degree of sentimentality around the idea
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01742-00583639-00584050 of offensive ideas to clarify the circumstances
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01743-00584050-00584294 that we were facing when Milo Yiannopoulous
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01744-00584294-00584638 was headed to campus that caused me and Professor Landreth
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01745-00584638-00584919 and others to sign a letter asking for his invitation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01746-00584919-00585167 to be rescinded and that was not merely that he had appeared
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01747-00585167-00585446 in front of a campus and said feminism is cancer
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01748-00585446-00585762 but that at the University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01749-00585762-00586006 he had targeted a trans-woman individually
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01750-00586006-00586299 for sexual harassment in front of a large group of people,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01751-00586299-00586548 had projected a photograph of this woman,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01752-00586548-00586784 had traumatized this woman, and at the moment
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01753-00586784-00587095 where UC Berkeley was facing its own internal debate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01754-00587095-00587399 about the limits of sexual harassment discourse on campus,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01755-00587399-00587575 it struck me and a number of other people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01756-00587575-00587825 as massively important that we protect our students
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01757-00587825-00588066 from that kind of direct targeting.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01758-00588066-00588292 This isn't, in other words, a question of the distinction
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01759-00588292-00588533 between hateful ideas and legitimate ideas
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01760-00588533-00588849 but the distinction between speech and violent conduct
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01761-00588849-00589144 and harassment, and the truth of the matter is
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01762-00589144-00589359 that at this moment, this whole discourse around free speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01763-00589359-00589759 is at least partly designed to bring harassment discourse
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01764-00589759-00590049 more fully into legitimated speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01765-00590049-00590336 That is the stated goal of people like Milo Yiannopoulous
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01766-00590336-00590652 who target millennials, call them snowflakes,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01767-00590652-00590874 try to attack and embarrass and humiliate people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01768-00590874-00591166 in any number of grounds, the purpose is not to debate
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01769-00591166-00591418 outrageous ideas and for us to enjoy that
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01770-00591418-00591703 but really to legitimate and normalize a culture
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01771-00591703-00592141 of targeted harassment of members of protected groups.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01772-00592141-00592330 (audience clapping) So to that extent,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01773-00592330-00592477 I think one of our responsibilities
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01774-00592477-00592829 as a community is really to think not just about how
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01775-00592829-00593044 do we recognize freedom of what kinds of freedom
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01776-00593044-00593319 do we want to cherish and protect but how do we stand up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01777-00593319-00593722 for community values of minorities in our community
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01778-00593722-00593918 when they're under attack not by millennials
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01779-00593918-00594157 who misunderstand Twitter but by the executive branch
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01780-00594157-00594485 of the U.S. government itself? (audience clapping)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01781-00594485-00594569 Thanks.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01782-00594868-00595153 - Erwin, would you talk a little bit about, I think John
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01783-00595153-00595569 raises a really interesting issue of when it is that speech
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01784-00595714-00596125 in a public setting like this becomes individual harassment?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01785-00596125-00596395 It'd be good to draw that distinction.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01786-00596395-00596843 - Sure, to be clear there's no First Amendment right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01787-00596843-00597221 to reveal private information in public about somebody,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01788-00597221-00597637 that if somebody would reveal very personal information,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01789-00597743-00598021 that's not speech protected by the First Amendment.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01790-00598021-00598375 There's no right to say false things that are injurious
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01791-00598375-00598667 to the reputation of others in public.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01792-00598667-00598922 There's no right to say things that cause people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01793-00598922-00599176 to reasonably fear for their safety.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01794-00599176-00599377 So if somebody is getting email messages
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01795-00599377-00599621 that are threatening, I would hope that the campus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01796-00599621-00599933 would investigate, take disciplinary action
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01797-00599933-00600149 of the student or faculty member, turn it over
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01798-00600149-00600349 to law enforcement authorities if it's somebody else
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01799-00600349-00600522 for prosecution 'cause there's no right
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01800-00600522-00600749 to make somebody fear for their safety.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01801-00600749-00600980 There's no right to engage or be regarded
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01802-00600980-00601256 by the law as harassment, that I said earlier,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01803-00601256-00601511 harassment usually requires that it be directed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01804-00601511-00601700 at a person, that it be invasive,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01805-00601700-00601943 that interfere with their educational opportunity.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01806-00601943-00602323 Now, the usual remedy of the law when these things happen
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01807-00602323-00602647 is that the victim can sue for money damages.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01808-00602647-00602940 The problem with that is victims generally don't wanna sue
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01809-00602940-00603253 for money damages, they want it all to be over.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01810-00603253-00603480 They don't want to have to take all of the time and effort
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01811-00603480-00603635 of going through the legal system.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01812-00603635-00603862 What they'd really prefer is if the campus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01813-00603862-00604058 would just prevent that speaker
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01814-00604058-00604347 from coming on and speaking at all.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01815-00604347-00604726 The law doesn't allow that, it's called a prior restraint.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01816-00604726-00605057 Now I would love to debate John about what would be
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01817-00605057-00605419 our ideal in terms of society with regard to speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01818-00605419-00605648 Would we be better off if the campus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01819-00605648-00605893 had the power to prevent the speakers
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01820-00605893-00606234 that they find offensive from being there?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01821-00606234-00606519 We might think that's our ideal but I so worry
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01822-00606519-00606797 that that's what've kept the students from protesting
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01823-00606797-00607137 segregation or from protesting the Vietnam War,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01824-00607137-00607464 that when you give the government the power to censor
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01825-00607464-00607712 the speech that we find offensive, it's gonna be used
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01826-00607712-00608006 against us, but the basic bottom-line answer
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01827-00608006-00608300 to your question is the law generally doesn't allow
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01828-00608300-00608541 preventing people from speak because we think
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01829-00608541-00608823 that they're gonna say something that unprotected speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01830-00608823-00609209 - We have time for two more questions.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01831-00609209-00609363 Let's see.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01832-00609363-00609538 You in the red shirt.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01833-00609683-00610100 - [Man] Hi, I'm (faint speaking).
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01834-00610368-00610860 So something that I've been trying to sort out for myself.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01835-00610860-00611231 You can imagine a situation in which thousands
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01836-00611231-00611690 and thousands of people each individually have,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01837-00611690-00611975 will say something that is clearly protected speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01838-00611975-00612173 I don't like this person, I want you
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01839-00612173-00612504 to go away but in aggregate, it adds up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01840-00612504-00612809 to something that feels like harassment.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01841-00612809-00613109 I'm curious how to think about that.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01842-00613433-00613721 - Does anybody wanna address this?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01843-00613721-00613903 - I think it's an excellent question
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01844-00613903-00614201 and it gets back to Professor Raiford's point
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01845-00614201-00614376 about the real damage
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01846-00614663-00614863 that anonymous targeting
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01847-00614989-00615248 through the internet can cause.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01848-00615605-00616010 And we're talking about this because Yiannopoulous
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01849-00616010-00616299 was a master of this particular technique
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01850-00616299-00616660 of singling out an individual through
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01851-00616660-00617040 an apparently innocuous tweet back when he was still allowed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01852-00617040-00617315 on Twitter that would then direct
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01853-00617463-00617838 this sort of subterranean ecosystem of trolls
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01854-00618128-00618312 to open this fire hose
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01855-00618731-00619081 of anonymous hatred, anonymous harassment.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01856-00619760-00620085 The law, as it's been articulated here,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01857-00620466-00620718 has just seems not to have caught up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01858-00620718-00620918 with what speech is now,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01859-00621050-00621395 the way that speech is no longer mediated
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01860-00621395-00621811 by a speaker who speaks as I am speaking to you now
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01861-00622069-00622344 or by an audience who is present.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01862-00622866-00623166 And this, I think, is an opportunity
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01863-00623329-00623654 for a conversation about present values
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01864-00623829-00624115 and present technology to work together
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01865-00624115-00624298 to try to push the law
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01866-00624487-00624771 to some more sophisticated account
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01867-00625044-00625328 of the harms that can be projected
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01868-00625566-00625957 across virtual media, through which so rapidly,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01869-00626203-00626488 so diffusely, so intensely
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01870-00626488-00626805 yet without any kind of accountability
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01871-00626960-00627302 under the current legal paradigms,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01872-00627302-00627536 either for the platform
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01873-00627536-00627895 or for the individual pseudonymous speaker.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01874-00628145-00628362 - In the green shirt, you've had your hand up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01875-00628362-00628537 for a long time, you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01876-00628948-00629193 - [Susana] Hey, I'm Susana and I'm from Tennessee
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01877-00629193-00629511 so I've been participating in free speech (chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01878-00629511-00629789 for a while and what I wanna know
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01879-00629789-00630027 is the people coming this campus, like Milo,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01880-00630027-00630327 for example, he puts the number at ICE up on the board
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01881-00630327-00630744 and says if you know, as he calls them, illegal immigrants,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01882-00630831-00631176 then call this number, this is gonna hurt people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01883-00631176-00631400 in our community that I care deeply about
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01884-00631400-00631750 and we've said how by turning these people away,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01885-00631750-00631947 we would make a martyr out of them
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01886-00631947-00632281 but we're not gonna change the law until we fight the law.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01887-00632281-00632456 Shouldn't we take this opportunity and be a leader
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01888-00632456-00632670 and say we're not gonna allow people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01889-00632670-00632989 on his campus who will hurt our students?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01890-00632989-00633292 Wouldn't us fighting against them
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01891-00633292-00633714 make us a leader to try to counter this speech?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01892-00633714-00634120 And also, we have pamphlets for a counter-protest
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01893-00634120-00634427 that y'all were talking about so if anybody would like them,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01894-00634427-00634576 we have them, thank you.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01895-00634576-00634976 (audience laughs and applauds)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01896-00635125-00635504 - (chuckles) Would anyone like to address the question?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01897-00635504-00635769 - I find so appealing the notion you say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01898-00635769-00635933 but everyone in this room should be clear
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01899-00635933-00636167 about what will happen, if the campus were to say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01900-00636167-00636419 Milo's not welcome to speak speak to the reasons you have,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01901-00636419-00636699 Milo and his lawyers will immediately go to court.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01902-00636699-00636898 They will immediately get an injunction
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01903-00636898-00637114 so he'd be allowed to speak.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01904-00637114-00637392 The campus will have to pay Milo's lawyers attorneys' fees
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01905-00637392-00637641 and perhaps some money damages as well.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01906-00637641-00637965 What's then been served by excluding Milo?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01907-00637965-00638200 Also what will happen will be Berkeley
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01908-00638200-00638566 will be the poster child for the suppression of speech.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01909-00638566-00638848 Was Berkeley, as a campus, and its reputation
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01910-00638848-00639155 enhanced by what happen last January?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01911-00639155-00639574 I don't think so, so I think what you say
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01912-00639574-00639765 may be a very romantic notion.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01913-00639765-00639950 Let's stand up for our community and keep Milo
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01914-00639950-00640219 from speaking, I'm telling you if the campus were to try,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01915-00640219-00640419 it would ultimately be very counterproductive
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01916-00640419-00640771 and it really wouldn't accomplish what you want.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01917-00640771-00641141 (audience clapping)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01918-00641141-00641332 - I think we have time for one more question.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01919-00641332-00641640 The man in green in the corner there.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01920-00641762-00642064 - [Woman] Come on (faint speaking) come on (faint speaking).
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01921-00642064-00642477 - [Ruben] (chuckles) Sorry (chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01922-00642477-00642743 You say don't get me fired? (woman chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01923-00642743-00643041 Hi everyone, my name is Ruben ah-ehem-de-dem.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01924-00643041-00643378 So I've been on campus now 10 years
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01925-00643378-00643784 and there's been a couple of massive protests,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01926-00643784-00644158 demonstrations and all that and in each one of those,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01927-00644158-00644399 there was events just like this
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01928-00644399-00644592 and there was beautiful speech and for those of us
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01929-00644592-00644781 that have the privilege of showing up, we can,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01930-00644781-00644991 and many of us who have to work and can't come
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01931-00644991-00645198 to these events, couldn't come and their voices
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01932-00645198-00645507 weren't part of that conversation, which is okay.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01933-00645507-00645615 I understand.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01934-00645742-00645901 What I don't see us spending enough time
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01935-00645901-00646118 and I appreciate the clarification about some of the way
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01936-00646118-00646569 the council is about safety and cost to the campus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01937-00646569-00646909 and in that parameter, I'm curious if cost to the campus
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01938-00646909-00647225 is staff time and the over hours that people
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01939-00647225-00647514 are having to spend in preparation for all of these things
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01940-00647514-00647860 and is not considered in that and their emotional distress?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01941-00647860-00648002 'Cause some of them are being asked to do
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01942-00648002-00648287 stuff that we didn't sign up for and it's not in
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01943-00648287-00648637 our job description but we have to do now all of a sudden.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01944-00648637-00648915 There's, I think, over 1,000 student organizations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01945-00648915-00649137 on campus and just two are taking up the time
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01946-00649137-00649498 of the majority of these staff and the resources
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01947-00649498-00649817 that are being allocated to two student organizations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01948-00649817-00650107 aren't been equitized amongst other student organizations
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01949-00650107-00650455 that have just as much, if not more needs
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01950-00650455-00650711 that are imminent threats to their well-being
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01951-00650711-00650908 in many different scenarios.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01952-00650908-00651190 Are all of those costs part of that conversation?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01953-00651190-00651543 And the other additional cost is what happens to the student
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01954-00651543-00651756 that is being encouraged to show up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01955-00651756-00651961 and to be public and to voice your opinion
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01956-00651961-00652242 and to be engaged, shows up, is injured
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01957-00652242-00652497 or injured someone else, and then find themselves
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01958-00652497-00652659 in a position that they're gonna end up
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01959-00652659-00652871 in academic probation or dismissed
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01960-00652871-00653220 and then nobody shows up to that student a concern hearing.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01961-00653220-00653620 Nobody shows up to that session in the courtroom
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01962-00653718-00654068 because I've been in that courtroom and nobody shows up.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01963-00654068-00654343 And I also know that when I show up to these protests,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01964-00654343-00654574 100 faculty might have signed that letter
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01965-00654574-00654796 but were 100 faculty present that night
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01966-00654796-00655045 of Milo being there and being a protection
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01967-00655045-00655224 of the students that were there?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01968-00655224-00655412 Because when we say we need to act better
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01969-00655412-00655715 and be a university in those moments but then we militarize
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01970-00655715-00655925 the campus in that defense, then what are we
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01971-00655925-00656145 being better of in those moments?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01972-00656145-00656324 And when you militarize the campus,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01973-00656324-00656503 you're dealing with the unconscious
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01974-00656503-00656731 and conscious bias of the police and militarization
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01975-00656731-00656962 that targets people that historically have been vulnerable
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01976-00656962-00657284 already so when you add all of those things up,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01977-00657284-00657478 when do we have that conversation?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01978-00657478-00657702 And do we have the expenses ready to go
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01979-00657702-00657936 for all of the injuries that that's going to happen
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01980-00657936-00658257 and in the moment of worst-case scenario
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01981-00658257-00658581 of somebody getting run over or somebody getting shot
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01982-00658581-00658769 and somebody getting killed,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01983-00658769-00659037 what's the chart string to pay that off?
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01984-00659037-00659354 (audience applauding)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01985-00659839-00660064 (Carol chuckles)
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01986-00660064-00660319 - Yes, we're very aware of the burden
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01987-00660319-00660564 that is on staff who have been working
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01988-00660564-00660864 with these extraordinarily challenging events
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01989-00660864-00661145 and we're doing our best and really expending
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01990-00661145-00661592 considerable resources to ensure the safety of our students.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01991-00661592-00661867 We don't want anybody to be hurt.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01992-00661978-00662167 Well, thank you, this has been exactly
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01993-00662167-00662516 the kind of conversation that Arlie was asking for,
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01994-00662516-00662774 conversation which clearly not all of us agree
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01995-00662774-00663102 about all these issues but I think that we have to have
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01996-00663102-00663493 more of these events in which we can talk both honestly
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01997-00663493-00663840 and with thoughtfulness and civility about this issue
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01998-00663840-00664026 that's so important to all of us.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-01999-00664026-00664209 So please thank the panelists again.
ZE-CQzmNnBY-02000-00664209-00664538 (audience applauding and cheering)
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ZLo2SbJ47SY-00000-00000752-00001042 Hi, I'm Olly Thompson, I'm a student at Imperial College,
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00001-00001042-00001334 and I built the Zero Gravity Garden.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00002-00001334-00001896 The Zero Gravity Garden is a hydroponic system that consists of six beds of plants that rotate
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00003-00001896-00002089 on the inside of a circular drum.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00004-00002089-00002460 On the bottom of the drum they're dipped into a trough of water.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00005-00002460-00002792 Plants usually grow away from gravity, but now they don't know where the gravity is pulling
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00006-00002792-00003322 them so they grow outwards rather than upwards and this increases the yield to volume ratio.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00007-00003322-00003719 Currently, I'm experimenting with several different types of plants - we've got strawberries,
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00008-00003719-00004214 a whole host of herbs, and we've got some lettuce seedlings which I've grown from scratch.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00009-00004214-00004532 When the plants are dipped in the water, the pH changes slightly
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00010-00004532-00004821 and that accumulates over time - we call that pH drift
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00011-00004821-00005173 - and it's important to regulate that, otherwise eventually the plants will die
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00012-00005173-00005339 so I use a digital pH sensor.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00013-00005339-00005844 I also used a Hall effect sensor which tracks the position of the drum with a small magnet.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00014-00005844-00006329 For user input I use rotary encoders - these are similar to potentiometers but they are
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00015-00006329-00006543 digital, and you can keep turning them indefinitely.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00016-00006543-00006992 With Arduino, you can connect almost any electrical device you can think of,
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00017-00006992-00007409 You can sense - in my case - temperature, pH, and humidity - and then do interesting
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00018-00007409-00007516 things with it.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00019-00007516-00007959 In my project I use an Arduino Mega, because it has lots of input and output pins.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00020-00007959-00008281 I really like Arduino because it allows me to connect
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00021-00008281-00008518 lots of different sensors and actuators very easily
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00022-00008518-00008979 and there's a large online community so inevitably when you encounter problems and you need to
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00023-00008979-00009174 debug, you can always go online and it's very likely
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00024-00009174-00009331 someone's encountered the same thing before,
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00025-00009331-00009501 and is able to help you out.
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00026-00009501-00009972 Just start messing about yourself, and before you know it you'll be really comfortable with
ZLo2SbJ47SY-00027-00009972-00009974 it.
Zpfay11Bygo-00000-00000737-00000852 subscribe now
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00000-00000674-00000900 ANNA  We hate to break it to you - but no one can
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00001-00000900-00001037 guarantee you a job.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00002-00001038-00001276 Especially in today’s competitive labour market.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00003-00001280-00001444 WE certainly can’t.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00004-00001448-00001901 But what we CAN do is tell you how to give yourself the BEST possible chance to secure
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00005-00001901-00002250 your first job and succeed throughout your career.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00006-00002250-00002544 ANDREA EVERYONE is talking about, ‘employability’.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00007-00002554-00002734 But what does it really mean?
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00008-00002735-00003338 A lot of people think it is just about getting a job; they’re confusing it with ‘employMENT’.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00009-00003338-00003806 Getting a job is one outcome of employability - after all, everyone wants a job after they
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00010-00003806-00003984 graduate, don't they?
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00011-00003985-00004549 In order to give yourself the best chance of getting a job, you do need to be employable.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00012-00004549-00004975 This means that you have developed skills AND personal attributes that will make you
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00013-00004975-00005427 an effective employee and you can apply  them appropriately in the workplace.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00014-00005440-00005610 ANNA We have talked to a lot of people about
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00015-00005610-00005860 their views on employability, from students and
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00016-00005860-00006340 graduates, to employers and other employability experts, and you will hear more from these
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00017-00006341-00006805 people throughout the course. Let’s now hear  from representatives from each of these groups.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00018-00006837-00007163 MAUREEN Well, employability is much more than just
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00019-00007163-00007789 a graduate offering an employer a degree. It's much more than just about graduate employment.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00020-00007789-00008574 It's about helping students to develop the knowledge, the skills that's technical, transferable,
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00021-00008576-00009700 specific skills, experiences, attitudes, achievements, attributes, behaviors, all of those combined
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00022-00009700-00010192 that they're going to need to make successful transitions and successful contributions,
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00023-00010192-00010757 not just in terms of employment into the economy, but in terms of their contribution to society
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00024-00010757-00010943 and the community in which they're going to live.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00025-00010944-00011246 So in many ways, employability is about life skills.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00026-00011246-00011440 DAMIAN Well, from my view, employability is
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00027-00011440-00011706 not just getting a job. But it's actually getting a job
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00028-00011706-00011846 in the right field,
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00029-00011950-00012140 in your area of expertise
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00030-00012140-00012490 and also keeping that job and being able to build a career.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00031-00012532-00013096 What we've seen is really - we're not just talking about doing your basic job 9 to 5
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00032-00013096-00013422 What we're seeing is seeing opportunities,
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00033-00013422-00013986 taking responsibility, looking outside, bringing opportunities into the organization,
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00034-00013986-00014496 being ready, being risk - kind of taking on risk and not being risk averse.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00035-00014497-00014904 These kind of things are the types of  skills which get noticed by the employer
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00036-00014904-00015252 because they help the employer themselves be competitive.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00037-00015263-00015512 ISIS To me, employability encompasses different
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00038-00015512-00016262 notions. The first notion that I would understand from employability would be how an employer
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00039-00016262-00016654 would perceive you as a potential employee within the company.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00040-00016668-00016964 So, what value do you bring to the employer?
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00041-00016965-00017629 The second notion that I understand from employability would be how would you be able to perform
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00042-00017629-00018115 in this job? Do you have the knowledge?  Do you have the skillset? But not only the skillset in
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00043-00018115-00018554 terms of hard skillsets that you've learned from university, but also the soft skills.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00044-00018554-00019062 Are you able to communicate clearly? Are you able to talk to different stakeholders?
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00045-00019074-00019630 So that really encompasses those two notions. It's really important to understand that right
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00046-00019630-00020048 after your studies to maximize your chance to secure the right job.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00047-00020048-00020301 LUCY I think employability is really dependent
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00048-00020301-00020545 on the industry you're in;  however, something that applies
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00049-00020545-00021019 across the board is—that it's about being able to apply the skills you've learnt at
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00050-00021020-00021362 university in a practical context. You can be book smart from what you've
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00051-00021362-00021728 learnt in your degree, but can you apply that in the workplace?
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00052-00021732-00022020 It's all good if you can talk the talk in an interview, but you need to be able
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00053-00022020-00022532 to walk the walk, as everyone would say.  That's really important for employability.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00054-00022556-00022932 NINA Employability for me is more than just
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00055-00022934-00023176 kind of the process of applying for a job while having
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00056-00023176-00023843 characteristics that are desirable to an employer. Central is adaptability, actually being able
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00057-00023843-00024195 to fit within a new scenario or setting, integrate with
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00058-00024195-00024657 a new workspace or with a new  group of colleagues. It's about
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00059-00024657-00025120 taking the skills that you've learnt so far through your study and being able to apply
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00060-00025122-00025686 them in a new setting with new people to encourage you to bring out new characteristics.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00061-00025694-00026208 I think, as well, it's about genuinely knowing what you can do and how you can use those
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00062-00026210-00026895 skills for a workplace, so being able to evaluate what you've done and understand how those
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00063-00026895-00027512 skills can be brought out to achieve a task, to work with someone for a common goal, or
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00064-00027512-00027738 to eventually contribute to a project.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00065-00027764-00027964 ANNA What the people you have just heard from have
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00066-00027964-00028514 all mentioned is that employability is more  than just having a list of skills on your resume.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00067-00028598-00028806 This is just a list!
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00068-00028839-00029074 The list becomes meaningful ONLY when you
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00069-00029074-00029414 convert the skills into action by doing your job well.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00070-00029456-00030010 Lucy summed it up really nicely when she used the phrase “walk the walk”. In employability
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00071-00030010-00030322 terms, this is about being able to DO a job.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00072-00030388-00030582 ANDREA By studying for your degree - you will
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00073-00030582-00030883 develop both intellectually AND personally.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00074-00030918-00031374 Once you’ve graduated, you will continue to contribute to society in many ways - one
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00075-00031374-00031664 of these is through your  employment in professional roles.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00076-00031698-00032212 Graduate jobs require someone with technical knowledge and specific skills for industry,
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00077-00032239-00032448 and your degree will provide this.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00078-00032492-00033118 BUT employers also expect you to perform effectively and appropriately in their workplace.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00079-00033128-00033244 ANNA That sounds obvious.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00080-00033244-00033552 But you have to keep in mind  the underlying reason for this.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00081-00033582-00034072 Productive employees, working together, make an organisation more effective and help to
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00082-00034072-00034220 meet its strategic goals.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00083-00034242-00034390 ANDREA And an effective organisation
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00084-00034390-00034610 contributes to the development of the economy.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00085-00034684-00035159 So, it makes sense that employers choose their staff carefully and this is why meeting employer
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00086-00035160-00035546 expectations form a significant part of what makes someone employable.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00087-00035612-00035910 ANNA Your employability is NOT just about you.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00088-00035928-00036194 You can think about your employability like this:
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00089-00036204-00036636 Developing yourself personally and  professionally for a successful career.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00090-00036636-00037216 And by doing this, contributing to your organisation’s effective operation, growing your community
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00091-00037216-00037388 and advancing the economy.
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00092-00037402-00037670 THAT is what being employable is all about!
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00093-00037671-00037967 ANDREA So, mystery solved - now you know
ZP9hVZO3sz8-00094-00037967-00038371 what employability really is… we’re going to help you maximise yours.
ZREYGLqY3mA-00000-00000430-00001176 Hi!  I'm Dianne Fisher.  Welcome to Imagination Fort Worth, Special Weekend for the Deaf.
ZREYGLqY3mA-00001-00001212-00001604 We are so excited that you are going to join us this weekend
ZREYGLqY3mA-00002-00001660-00001966 to see the amazing artists that we have,
ZREYGLqY3mA-00003-00001982-00002190 all the different activities,
ZREYGLqY3mA-00004-00002212-00002594 and to see what happened, 30 years in the making.
ZREYGLqY3mA-00005-00002674-00003034 We hope you enjoy meeting all the different artists,
ZREYGLqY3mA-00006-00003054-00003408 and the activities that they have planned for you.
ZREYGLqY3mA-00007-00003465-00003676 So, have a great weekend,
ZREYGLqY3mA-00008-00003711-00003911 enjoy all the activities,
ZREYGLqY3mA-00009-00003947-00004314 and we hope to see you in Fort Worth, next year
ZREYGLqY3mA-00010-00004328-00004712 at Imagination Fort Worth, special weekend for the Deaf.
ZREYGLqY3mA-00011-00004804-00004964 Have a good day.  Bye bye.
ZRVJOBGNaXY-00000-00000000-00000200 Spiderman | New Suit from Iron Man
ZV2833moV6M-00000-00000032-00000432 So we're taking a look at valuations I know you look at growth versus value
ZV2833moV6M-00001-00000432-00000919 I mean today this morning I saw records for the S&P the Nasdaq composite the Russell
ZV2833moV6M-00002-00000919-00001400 the Dow Jones transportation average  what does that tell you about valuation
ZV2833moV6M-00003-00001568-00001952 well I think you know a lot of those areas are really starting to emerge
ZV2833moV6M-00004-00001952-00002616 you know last year the big trade was the large tech growth trade the trade that we're
ZV2833moV6M-00005-00002616-00003215 identifying as the FATGAM trade Facebook, Apple Tesla, Google, Amazon, and Microsoft you know
ZV2833moV6M-00006-00003215-00003600 those have had a really good run but I don't think they're really where it's going to be at with
ZV2833moV6M-00007-00003600-00003960 regards to the opening of the economy I mean those were those were great when we were stuck at home
ZV2833moV6M-00008-00003960-00004336 you know being able to order from Amazon but I think the places that are you know really going to
ZV2833moV6M-00009-00004336-00004728 take off at this point and we're even starting to see some rotation there now are more sectors like
ZV2833moV6M-00010-00004728-00005344 energy which is up like 10% for the year small caps you know they're up close to 5% for the year versus
ZV2833moV6M-00011-00005344-00005808 like large growth you know that's only up about up less than one percent for the year so you know
ZV2833moV6M-00012-00005808-00006200 i think some of those areas are going to be more beneficial as the economy starts to reopen here
ZV2833moV6M-00013-00006280-00006704 so how would you get into energy for example I mean how would you do that
ZV2833moV6M-00014-00006816-00007240 well in our own portfolio we do own master limited partnerships, master limited
ZV2833moV6M-00015-00007240-00007752 partnership indexed ETF you know I won't get any specifics but you know that's a good place
ZV2833moV6M-00016-00007752-00008240 to own it pipelines that kind of thing you know not only are they still down on a relative basis
ZV2833moV6M-00017-00008240-00008784 energy still hasn't fully recovered but you know the great thing is you're getting in at a discount
ZV2833moV6M-00018-00008784-00009104 and you're also getting in at a time where they're paying great dividends so
ZV2833moV6M-00019-00009104-00009480 you know I always talked about I've talked about this in the past in your show these things pay
ZV2833moV6M-00020-00009480-00010112 you to wait. What's the story behind small caps as we're seeing the Russell at new highs as well.
ZV2833moV6M-00021-00010112-00010712 Well again the same thing goes for small-caps you know they're still down from
ZV2833moV6M-00022-00010712-00011192 from 2018 there's still some opportunity to get in there the valuations are still low on a
ZV2833moV6M-00023-00011192-00011640 relative basis and the other part of it is again you know these also paying a good dividend so
ZV2833moV6M-00024-00011696-00012096 you know it's the same situation as pipelines they're paying you to wait and you know these
ZV2833moV6M-00025-00012096-00012584 are areas of the world especially on the value side of small cap that you're going to see having
ZV2833moV6M-00026-00012584-00013176 more success as the economy starts to reopen. Even just this week Russell is up 6%
ZV2833moV6M-00027-00013247-00013832 and the S&P is up 1.5% so clearly the small caps are outpacing already
ZV2833moV6M-00028-00013968-00014352 uh I just think you know from a valuation standpoint they really haven't had that
ZV2833moV6M-00029-00014352-00014856 opportunity to run like we've seen with the some of the mega-cap tech companies um you
ZV2833moV6M-00030-00014856-00015272 know I still think there's a lot of opportunity there you know I look at
ZV2833moV6M-00031-00015272-00015984 probably 30 portfolios a month just doing analysis and I find that 99.9% of the time they're all over
ZV2833moV6M-00032-00015984-00016432 underweighted in small caps I mean it's just like it's almost uncanny you know you see most of the
ZV2833moV6M-00033-00016432-00016816 waiting on the big caps but you don't see much in the small cap so i think it's a really under
ZV2833moV6M-00034-00016816-00017408 undervalued and unappreciated asset class. Do you like some tech stocks I mean everybody continues
ZV2833moV6M-00035-00017408-00018144 to talk about technology and cloud and uh you know software and semiconductors I mean you know
ZV2833moV6M-00036-00018200-00018744 are you left out if you're not in those areas yeah I mean I think you're doing yourself a disservice
ZV2833moV6M-00037-00018744-00019176 if you don't own those in your portfolio you know I certainly believe in owning more of
ZV2833moV6M-00038-00019176-00019712 a broad-based index versus trying to pick out individual names you know owning an
ZV2833moV6M-00039-00019712-00020304 index or you know owning an ETF that focuses more on growth versus just tech you know it's like one
ZV2833moV6M-00040-00020304-00020616 of those things you know you never really want to overweight your portfolio in any particular
ZV2833moV6M-00041-00020616-00021136 area just because as the old saying goes past performance is 100 indicative of past performance
ZV2833moV6M-00042-00021136-00021784 what are your expectations for the markets overall for 2021 I definitely think value is going
ZV2833moV6M-00043-00021784-00022344 to be the place to be for 2021 you know I think owning other asset categories like international
ZV2833moV6M-00044-00022344-00022768 emerging markets real estate those are all going to be great places that really haven't
ZV2833moV6M-00045-00022768-00023168 didn't really take off last year I think those are going to be the places to be for this year.
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00000-00000090-00000505 The following video that you're about to watch is definitely going to spoil your childhood.
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00001-00000505-00000800 So if you don't want that, click away right now.
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00002-00000800-00001228 Now before we get into the video, I want you to like this video and subscribe to the channel
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00003-00001228-00001461 for such awesome content in the future.
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00004-00001461-00001728 Let's get into it!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00005-00001728-00002166 I wonder who that sweet lady is, standing with dexter.
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00006-00002166-00002277 DEXTER!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00007-00002277-00002505 I did not expect this from you
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00008-00002505-00002876 Are they dexter's parents?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00009-00002908-00003127 Did she?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00010-00003127-00003844 did she actually say what I think she said?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00011-00003844-00003944 Gee!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00012-00003944-00004044 I wonder what are they trying to say!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00013-00004044-00004299 Yup go tell mom about your big idksc club / Ya!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00014-00004299-00004581 like, that's a smart move!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00015-00004581-00004985 (sarcasm) This isn't going to end well for the flash
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00016-00004985-00005264 Told you!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00017-00005264-00005579 Never brag about being the fastest man alive!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00018-00005579-00006194 Is that a name or a hint to what follows!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00019-00006194-00006750 I Never thought there's something wrong with this frame during my childhood
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00020-00006750-00006911 Hold up!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00021-00006911-00007234 Why is scooby smirking?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00022-00007234-00007634 They could've gone with any name but they had to go with dick
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00023-00007634-00008165 Spongebob doesn't seem so innocent now, does it?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00024-00008165-00008265 Yep!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00025-00008265-00008618 That's exactly what he is reading!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00026-00008618-00008876 Murial has been to places.
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00027-00008876-00009202 Places that Eustace wouldn't know of!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00028-00009202-00009335 Touching himself?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00029-00009335-00009476 In the public, really?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00030-00009476-00009671 Get a room!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00031-00009671-00009771 No!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00032-00009771-00009871 He meant GENIUS!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00033-00009871-00009971 Not geni...
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00034-00009971-00010313 Nevermind Yup!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00035-00010313-00011194 That's exactly what you think it is Well, not that kinda accident!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00036-00011194-00011367 Maybe its just cold out there!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00037-00011367-00011505 You never know!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00038-00011505-00012264 Well it seems like Fred has had some lengthy experiences
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00039-00012264-00012653 We need an answer spongebob!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00040-00012653-00013240 Are those beads tied on a string coming out of her a...nevermind
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00041-00013240-00013468 Pork sausage fans hit like!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00042-00013468-00013936 Did she mean multiplications of numbers or bunnies?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00043-00013936-00014600 I guess we will never know How was this allowed on the TV?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00044-00014600-00015112 Is spongebob winking in this picture?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00045-00015112-00015698 Well, it makes the Prince happy?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00046-00015698-00016279 This is not supposed to be a group activity!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00047-00016279-00016608 We know exactly what you meant!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00048-00016608-00016770 Gee!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00049-00016770-00017180 I wonder if she got the D from him!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00050-00017180-00017784 I have no idea what show this is but I know this shouldn't be aired!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00051-00017784-00018295 This room has seen a lot of things.
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00052-00018295-00019007 But hey he's got a good personality Nothing special, just sawing the wood, hard!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00053-00019007-00019879 His face oddly resembles a d.... nevermind *sigh* I don't know if I should continue with
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00054-00019879-00020743 this video or not Yep!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00055-00020743-00021706 Cordless babies are a thing now Good to know even bugs use pickup lines
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00056-00021706-00022670 There's nothing wrong in having a huge castle But I'm sure he has a great personality
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00057-00022670-00022912 Can you guess in the comments whose bathroom is this?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00058-00022912-00023257 The best comment will get pinned!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00059-00023257-00023901 But make sure you don't touch yourself Okay what!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00060-00023901-00024004 Boppin' it?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00061-00024004-00024104 Oh!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00062-00024104-00024331 Now I get it!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00063-00024331-00024743 Lemme know in the comments if you got it!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00064-00024743-00026194 Everything about this motel is suspicious Sara Bellum needs to relocate
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00065-00026194-00026408 Wait for it!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00066-00026408-00026615 Wait for it!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00067-00026615-00026769 There!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00068-00026769-00027012 How was this allowed on TV?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00069-00027012-00027129 Pie?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00070-00027129-00027732 And she's covered in cream, are they talking about creamp....nevermind nevermind
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00071-00027732-00028061 Hey Happy birthday Marcy!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00072-00028061-00028272 Uh oh!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00073-00028272-00028912 I know this isn't going to be a clean ending Legally what?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00074-00028912-00029318 Legally what?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00075-00029318-00029418 We need an answer!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00076-00029418-00029620 Why did you pause!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00077-00029620-00029788 Shutup!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00078-00029788-00030255 You did not pause to say vote at the end!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00079-00030255-00030536 Even Daphne is suspicious now!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00080-00030536-00031233 We've all been there!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00081-00031233-00032033 Something tells me she's not just talking about the eyes
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00082-00032033-00032853 Or they can get a room Goddammit Spongebob!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00084-00037266-00037750 This is wrong on so many levels Apples?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00085-00037750-00037969 Really?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00086-00037969-00038262 Apples are big you know!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00087-00038262-00038421 I am speechless!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00088-00038421-00039361 Just when I thought this cannot get worse!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00089-00039361-00040012 Johnny did not see that coming!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00090-00040012-00040255 Hey Eddy!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00091-00040255-00040741 What are you doing?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00092-00040741-00040841 Hey hey hey!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00093-00040841-00041090 No need to drop the truth bombs here!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00094-00041090-00041756 50 shades of Brown?
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00095-00041756-00042258 Hey hey hey!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00096-00042258-00042484 The size of the trunk doesn't really matter you know
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00097-00042484-00042593 Yep!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00098-00042593-00044938 He wants to stay down for longer Well I am not so sure about the brain cells
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00099-00044938-00045294 either Come like what!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00100-00045294-00045500 What the actual fuck!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00101-00045500-00046293 Not a type of bang you are expecting, you dirty mind!
ZW0aZXSPBFg-00102-00046293-00046440 I feel personally attacked!
ZZoO8PlfXvy-00000-00000000-00000200 Willingly
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00000-00000061-00000137 بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00001-00000137-00000444 نحمده و نصلي على رسوله الكريم أما بعد
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00002-00000588-00000864 Amongst the Fitnas Nabi (ﷺ) said:
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00003-00000889-00001014 بادروا بالأعمال
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00004-00001014-00001156 "Oh my Ummah
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00005-00001195-00001521 rush, hasten towards A'maal."
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00006-00001521-00001643 Fitan,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00007-00001680-00002067 a time of trials and tribulations will come.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00008-00002067-00002267 إن بين يدي الساعة
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00009-00002336-00002504 That before Qiyamah,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00010-00002518-00002888 this will happen, so rush towards A'maal.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00011-00002888-00003080 Don't be laxed, don't take it easy,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00012-00003080-00003261 don't be in a slow mode,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00013-00003290-00003515 realize that Aakhirah is in front of you.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00014-00003515-00003633 When you need to prepare it
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00015-00003633-00003833 and Fitnas are going to come.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00016-00003851-00003974 Like when
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00017-00004047-00004385 a serious catastrophe is going to happen
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00018-00004420-00004635 and governments, cities,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00019-00004635-00004897 prepare their citizens for this
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00020-00004918-00005195 and and apt example is the lockdown,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00021-00005320-00005494 a forecasted
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00022-00005540-00005739 turmoil, plague,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00023-00005764-00005976 steps are in place
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00024-00005976-00006139 to protect the citizens.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00025-00006139-00006398 Nabi (ﷺ) is telling you,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00026-00006422-00006753 a great Fitna and trail is going to come,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00027-00006772-00006984 effort on your Imaan and your A'maal
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00028-00006984-00007163 should be made so much
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00029-00007204-00007395 that you Fitna proof.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00030-00007395-00007645 كقطع الليل المظلم
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00031-00007667-00008011 It will come like how the darkness sets in.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00032-00008030-00008211 Where there is light
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00033-00008241-00008380 and darkness comes
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00034-00008380-00008555 but that darkness is so powerful,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00035-00008555-00008814 that there will be no light visible completely.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00036-00008838-00009030 The Fitnas will wipe you out
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00037-00009038-00009164 to such an extent,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00038-00009185-00009564 يبيع دينه بعرض من الدنيا
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00039-00009566-00009734 People will sell their Deen.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00040-00009734-00009977 They will sell their Deen to such an extent,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00041-00010003-00010222 يصبح الرجل مؤمنًا
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00042-00010222-00010412 In the morning he is a believer.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00043-00010412-00010712 In the evening he is a Kaafir.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00044-00010728-00011094 In the morning he sold his Imaan for Dunya
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00045-00011257-00011529 and he is warned كالقابض على الجمر
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00046-00011529-00011750 That person at a time,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00047-00011750-00012000 who is ready to hold on to this Deen
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00048-00012019-00012180 and not compromise on his Deen.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00049-00012180-00012507 Like holding a flame of fire and charcoal.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00050-00012611-00012972 So outwardly it seems that you are burning
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00051-00012974-00013166 but inwardly you are protecting your Imaan
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00052-00013166-00013497 and you protecting yourself from the burning of Jahannam
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00053-00013569-00013705 and a person decides,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00054-00013707-00013856 I don't want to go through this burning,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00055-00013856-00013968 this difficulties, this hardship,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00056-00013968-00014254 I will compromise my Deen I will sell my Deen,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00057-00014278-00014572 whether, a person, in his work place
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00058-00014572-00014841 or leaving the house for Masturaat.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00059-00014856-00015144 I am compromising my Deen for Dunya.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00060-00015257-00015425 Whether a person in his business
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00061-00015438-00015640 has to lie to make a profit,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00062-00015640-00015788 whereas he has to take
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00063-00015803-00016081 Haraam goods and sell it and make an income,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00064-00016249-00016552 whether its the people of Deen,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00065-00016552-00016752 the Ulama
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00066-00016777-00017076 and for name and fame they sell their Deen,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00067-00017318-00017507 whether it is our own children
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00068-00017507-00017801 and we send them on holiday and say heres the car,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00069-00017801-00018102 heres the money Saturday night, heres the car,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00070-00018102-00018281 heres the expenses,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00071-00018347-00018540 go have fun.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00072-00018683-00018873 We selling their Aakhirah
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00073-00018876-00019156 and we engineering, we paying for it.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00074-00019443-00019777 No there is no need for our children to put pressure on them,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00075-00019840-00020040 for Dunya we put pressure.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00076-00020054-00020185 You need to go to school,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00077-00020185-00020294 you need to study,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00078-00020294-00020480 you need to get good results,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00079-00020492-00020638 then there is enough pressure
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00080-00020660-00020827 but for Deen, no just leave it to Allah.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00081-00020827-00020995 Hidayat is in Allah's hands.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00082-00021182-00021513 They there for swimming lessons, they there for this lessons,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00083-00021576-00021806 everything else is important but Deen.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00084-00021806-00022051 The Awaamir of Deen the Ta'leem of Deen.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00085-00022529-00022840 One youngster was blasting music in front of the Masjid.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00086-00022891-00023168 An old man came to say: "It is Haraam, atleast,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00087-00023184-00023275 whatever you want to do, do it
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00088-00023275-00023475 not in front of the Masjid Musallees."
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00089-00023497-00023675 He said: "Chacha I went for Hajj
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00090-00023691-00023832 in Madina Manawwarah,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00091-00023832-00024121 while in Hajj, I bought a sound system,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00092-00024211-00024416 it's a Barakat sound system."
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00093-00024720-00024926 So the Thaahir means in his Fitnas will come
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00094-00024926-00025132 and over take the whole of humanity.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00095-00025161-00025289 Imam Qurtubi,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00096-00025305-00025448 Allah give our Ulama Jazaa - Khair,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00097-00025448-00025648 has mentioned an important point (Nuqta) and said:
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00098-00025704-00026102 "That the hearts of the believers will become black
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00099-00026208-00026337 with Kufr."
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00100-00026401-00026552 من القساوة
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00101-00026593-00026827 Their hearts will be hard
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00102-00026852-00026980 و الغفلة
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00103-00026992-00027283 and they will be negligent of Allah (ﷻ).
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00104-00027302-00027536 Outside they will be Muslim,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00105-00027536-00027736 inside they will be Kaafir
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00106-00027902-00028202 but this Kaafir, the transaction of them becoming a Kaafir,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00107-00028202-00028374 it will be an everyday thing.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00108-00028694-00029022 من ترك الصلاة متعمدًا فقد كفر
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00109-00029030-00029324 A person who leaves Salaah intentionally has become a Kaafir.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00110-00029552-00030019 So the hearts inside بقول Moulana Abdul Hamid (D.B)
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00111-00030020-00030326 Outside, Muslim (outward form, will be that of a Muslim)
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00112-00030326-00030544 Inside, Yankie (inwardly like a person from U.S )
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00113-00030563-00030747 The hearts will be corrupt.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00114-00031132-00031648 Imaam Nawawi explains:
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00115-00031672-00031864 The Fitnas will be so great,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00116-00031877-00032244 that forget few years in a 12 hour span
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00117-00032244-00032395 a person will sell his Imaan.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00118-00032467-00032766 He is ready to sell his Aakhirah.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00119-00032766-00032980 He is ready to buy Jahannam,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00120-00033259-00033364 for Dunya.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00121-00033547-00033668 So Ulama explain two things,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00122-00033668-00034046 One it is in إشارة an indication to light,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00123-00034076-00034331 darkness will overwhelm it
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00124-00034352-00034595 and the solution is light again.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00125-00034660-00035091 When our A'mal, our Tilawat, our Thikr our Dua, our Khushoo.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00126-00035116-00035291 Nabi (ﷺ) one night,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00127-00035355-00035739 got up and He said: مَنْ يُوقِظُ صَوَاحِبَ الحُجُرَاتِ
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00128-00035816-00036014 Who is going to wake up the Azwaj - e - Mutaharaat,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00129-00036014-00036121 wake them up.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00130-00036132-00036292 لِكَيْ يُصَلِّينَ
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00131-00036308-00036467 He was mentioning about the Fitnahs
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00132-00036467-00036756 and then He said wake them up, they need to perform Salaah.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00133-00036892-00037129 That his A'maal will push away the Fitnahs.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00134-00037172-00037307 So you have the greatest weapons.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00135-00037307-00037484 You get the nuclear atomic energy,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00136-00037484-00037681 whatever you want, if there is a room
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00137-00037681-00037964 and there is darkness and you fight it, it doesn't help.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00138-00037993-00038144 Do what you are told to do
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00139-00038147-00038408 جاء الحق bring Haq
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00140-00038411-00038694 زَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ Baatil will get wiped out
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00141-00038716-00038955 automatically, its an automatic effort.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00142-00038972-00039171 Switch the light on,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00143-00039171-00039371 Baatil will get wiped out
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00144-00039446-00039552 and secondly
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00145-00039555-00039995 تعوذوا بالله من الفتن ما ظهر منها وما بطن
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00146-00040011-00040265 Seek refudge, make a lot of Dua to Allah
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00147-00040275-00040483 to protect you from all these Fitnahs.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00148-00040518-00040734 We need to be asking Allah (ﷻ)
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00149-00040764-00040948 for protection form all these Fitnahs.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00150-00041115-00041372 So a lot of Dajjals will come.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00151-00041388-00041590 One is the great Dajjal
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00152-00041604-00041838 and one is the small Dajjal,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00153-00041838-00042038 that will come before the big Dajjals.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00154-00042048-00042396 One will be the Fitnahs that will come before Dajjal.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00155-00042411-00042870 اللهم إنى أعوذبك من فتنة المحيا والممات
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00156-00042870-00043176 Oh Allah I seek refudge from the Fitnahs of
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00157-00043176-00043406 Life and death.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00158-00043406-00043766 ومن شر  فتنة المسيح الدجال
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00159-00043766-00043966 This Dua, we should be making often
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00160-00043977-00044193 and I seek refuge not from Dajjal,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00161-00044193-00044393 from the Fitnahs of Dajjal.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00162-00044540-00044856 So Nabi (ﷺ) is teaching us this is the Dua for today.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00163-00044899-00045036 What we suppose to learn normally at the end.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00164-00045036-00045236 This is the Dua today we need to be making.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00165-00045476-00045678 That was number one, number two
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00166-00045678-00046107 لَيُوشِكَنَّ أَنْ يُصَبَّ عَلَيْكُمُ الشَّرُّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00167-00046107-00046393 A time will come, evil will be flooded,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00168-00046393-00046667 throngs in big numbers.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00169-00046680-00046868 Fitnahs will come from the sky.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00170-00046888-00047140 حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْفَيَافِيَ
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00171-00047140-00047281 Hazrat Huzaifah Bin Yamaan
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00172-00047281-00047436 said until it will reach Fayafi.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00173-00047436-00047580 They asked him: "What is Fayafi."
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00174-00047595-00047928 يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ  الْأَرْضُ الْقَفْرُ
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00175-00047979-00048177 That earth which is
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00176-00048177-00048340 waste land, which is dessert,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00177-00048340-00048641 which is in the mountains which is far away from civilization,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00178-00048692-00048892 Fitnahs will pour
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00179-00048892-00049139 down, will rain on you,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00180-00049153-00049339 doesn't matter where you are,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00181-00049385-00049520 from the heavens,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00182-00049520-00049750 whether you in the oceans, whether in the mountains,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00183-00049750-00049894 whether you in the deserts,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00184-00049948-00050150 these Fitnahs will come upon you.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00185-00050201-00050380 Let us go back in history,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00186-00050449-00050700 look what Nabi (ﷺ) has said Allahu Akbar,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00187-00050700-00050889 radio stations,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00188-00050889-00051041 currently in the world,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00189-00051041-00051354 there are approximately, there are 44000 stations.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00190-00051403-00051672 Already the rain started many years ago.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00191-00051833-00052147 Then in 1957, 4 October, the first
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00192-00052308-00052625 artificial satellite was launch in space it was called Sputnik.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00193-00052730-00053361 Since then 8900 satellites have been launched in 40 countries.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00194-00053446-00053640 March 2019, statistics
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00195-00053640-00053904 2062 artificial satellites
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00196-00053921-00054078 are orbiting the earth,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00197-00054078-00054278 around 900 alone for the U.S.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00198-00054620-00054860 One satellite Astro 3B,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00199-00054865-00055124 reaches 35 million households.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00200-00055124-00055400 3,5 million satellite homes.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00201-00055539-00055864 Netflix alone is, 190 countries.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00202-00055955-00056275 59% - 16 to 30 year old youngsters
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00203-00056324-00056541 and they say themselves,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00204-00056561-00056766 its indispensable.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00205-00056766-00056937 We cannot live without it.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00206-00056972-00057198 Over the next 6 years
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00207-00057278-00057840 2026 on an average, 12,200 satellite channels per year,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00208-00057864-00058140 53 600 channels,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00209-00058416-00058598 So we got satellite Tv.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00210-00058646-00058883 Then we got cellphone towers.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00211-00058902-00059564 In the U.S alone, there is 307 626 plus, minus.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00212-00059678-00059878 That's in the U.S.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00213-00059915-00060161 How many cellphone towers in the globe,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00214-00060222-00060440 data, they say data is the future.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00215-00060566-00060899 Youtube, 2 billion people are logged in,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00216-00061016-00061184 2 billion users.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00217-00061203-00061513 81% are youth from 15 - 25.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00218-00061523-00061728 I can give my son a phone I trust him
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00219-00061728-00061870 Mashallah I can give him a laptop.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00220-00061870-00062022 I can give him Internet I can give him
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00221-00062022-00062136 excess to all of this here.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00222-00062136-00062264 I trust him.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00223-00062320-00062494 We don't trust them with a car
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00224-00062540-00062795 but we can trust them with Imaan and Aakhirah.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00225-00062904-00063264 The special Apps developed to hide your surfing,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00226-00063264-00063429 to cover up your surfing,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00227-00063444-00063592 to cover up your trails.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00228-00063601-00063812 Somebody can come in your phone and they wont know
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00229-00063838-00064057 what monitoring, what check are we doing.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00230-00064147-00064313 See people upload approximately
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00231-00064313-00064624 500 hours of videos every minute on earth.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00232-00064624-00064840 93% of the video watchers
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00233-00064840-00065115 in India watch videos through Youtube.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00234-00065244-00065387 Thats 3G, 4G
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00235-00065387-00065587 and now we going to 5G
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00236-00065632-00065984 and on this, lockdown it's a big hype, 5G.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00237-00066006-00066427 1400 years ago whats happening now in this century,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00238-00066468-00066732 my Nabi (ﷺ) told us about it
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00239-00066800-00067132 and on what a scale can we imagine, just ponder
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00240-00067155-00067348 on what magnitude,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00241-00067478-00067729 Elon Musk with his space ex program,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00242-00067755-00068062 they say by the end of 2020 while the lockdown is happening,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00243-00068062-00068196 installations are taking place,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00244-00068209-00068396 satellites are being launched.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00245-00068440-00069046 They expect 720 5G satellites to be launched
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00246-00069070-00069363 by 2021, 1600 satellites
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00247-00069387-00069657 need to be launched to have global coverage.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00248-00069713-00069974 The CO of Intel Robert Swan says:
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00249-00070011-00070425 In 2019 alone, 38 billion devices were connected
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00250-00070475-00070870 and they forecast by 2025, 56 billion devices
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00251-00070889-00071177 an average of 7 devices per person.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00252-00071214-00071345 We don't even have so many humans
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00253-00071345-00071489 and we have devices.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00254-00071542-00071827 All these (آلات) instruments of Dajjal
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00255-00071894-00072118 and now they calling it an Internet of things
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00256-00072118-00072318 and cloud based services,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00257-00072352-00072518 cloud based services,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00258-00072532-00072763 before we use to do A'maal
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00259-00072763-00073028 and send our A'maal to the Asmaan.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00260-00073028-00073289 We stored our A'maal for Aakhirah.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00261-00073355-00073553 Allah make us Maaf today,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00262-00073601-00073785 that wrong that I did on Facebook,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00263-00073785-00073992 that Dunya which I love on Facebook،
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00264-00073992-00074192 and Instagram and Twitter,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00265-00074219-00074481 I put it in the cloud of Dajjal.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00266-00074675-00074988 It supposed to go into the cloud of Rahmaan.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00267-00075028-00075347 I've put it and stored it in the cloud of Shaytaan,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00268-00075368-00075472 even the
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00269-00075592-00075936 Farishtas can retire now because there is enough proof.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00270-00075936-00076235 We have engineered, we have created our own proof
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00271-00076372-00076816 but we will say our target is we want 75 billion devices.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00272-00076867-00077268 All these big companies Star Link and One Web,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00273-00077268-00077571 Musk etc, they want
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00274-00077571-00077950 around 46000 satellites
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00275-00078043-00078150 in the sky.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00276-00078438-00078731 لَيُوشِكَنَّ أَنْ يُصَبَّ عَلَيْكُم
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00277-00078731-00079068 الشَّرُّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00278-00079115-00079308 It will be flooding,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00279-00079308-00079632 it will be in the skies it will be coming down on you.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00280-00079680-00079998 Watching Haraam, watching pornograpy,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00281-00079998-00080344 surfing all the sites surfing to our destruction.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00282-00080356-00080574 We surfing into a tsunami,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00283-00080608-00080793 we into a web, a spider web,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00284-00080793-00080993 which we can't get out of it.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00285-00081150-00081374 Our children are an Amaanah.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00286-00081651-00081892 Where's our Fikr?, where's our concern?
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00287-00082107-00082352 The third one for today:
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00288-00082356-00082692 لا تقوم الساعة حتى يتقارب الزمان
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00289-00082692-00082857 Qiyamah will not come until
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00290-00082894-00083147 time becomes constrained and restricted.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00291-00083185-00083436 فَتَكُونَ السَّنَةُ كَالشَّهْرِ ، وَيَكُونَ الشَّهْرُ كَالْجُمُعَةِ
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00292-00083436-00083673 وَتَكُونَ الْجُمُعَةُ كَالْيَوْمِ ، وَيَكُونَ الْيَوْمُ كَالسَّاعَةِ
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00293-00083684-00083844 Years like months, months like days,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00294-00083844-00084107 week like days, days like hours hours like seconds.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00295-00084257-00084425 There will be no Barakat in time.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00296-00084542-00084707 The same time Imaam Ghazali
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00297-00084707-00084931 and Imaam Abu Hanifah (رحمة الله عليه) had,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00298-00084937-00085112 we got the same 24 hours,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00299-00085126-00085507 same 60 minutes same 60 seconds,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00300-00085724-00085873 what's the difference.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00301-00086105-00086307 Imaam Nawawi says: عدم البركة فى الوقت
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00302-00086307-00086507 One is there will be no Barakat in time
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00303-00086550-00086827 و الرزق and in our Rizq also.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00304-00086916-00087252 Means Allah will snatch away Barakah from everything.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00305-00087446-00087726 In and olden days a family of 10 -15
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00306-00087726-00087899 Allah make us Maaf we don't have Yaqeen.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00307-00087899-00088203 So we see family planning,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00308-00088203-00088377 the mind set of Baatil.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00309-00088481-00088729 Every child comes with their own Barakah and own Rizq.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00310-00088729-00088900 The more children, the more Barakah
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00311-00088900-00089092 Anyway in the olden days a family
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00312-00089092-00089292 of 10 -15 made one chicken.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00313-00089294-00089520 Everybody ate to their fill we had leftovers
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00314-00089520-00089654 and we sent to the neighbours.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00315-00089670-00089987 Now a family of 4 they make 3 chickens and it's still short.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00316-00090264-00090411 Second meaning is,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00317-00090424-00090779 time will be constrained all the instruments to make time
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00318-00090779-00091161 increase to maximize for example: time travel today,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00319-00091172-00091273 if you want to speak to somebody,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00320-00091273-00091492 you can just pick up the phone and phone him.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00321-00091504-00091713 Food you can just put on switch the stove on,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00322-00091713-00091886 you can just put on the microwave.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00323-00091886-00092116 knowledge easily downloaded, lot of things
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00324-00092412-00092667 but what these two, Ulama explain:
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00325-00092691-00092913 We will have all the things to make us do
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00326-00092913-00093164 a lot of things in a short time
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00327-00093195-00093430 but still to, we won't be able to do,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00328-00093430-00093630 as much of those of the past,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00329-00093785-00094086 why? because they had the Noor of A'maal,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00330-00094086-00094286 they had the Noor of Deen,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00331-00094305-00094475 they had the Noor of Aakhirah.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00332-00094520-00094795 So Allah (ﷻ) put Barakah in everything they did.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00333-00094932-00095099 So the Dua today we did,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00334-00095128-00095396 was to read the Dua from protection of Dajjaal
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00335-00095414-00095728 and the A'mal for today is to read Surah Kahf.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00336-00095756-00095985 Whether we read the first ruku, last ruku,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00337-00095985-00096380 whether we memorize the first 10 Ayaat  last 10 Ayaat,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00338-00096392-00096545 whether Allah gives a person Taufeeq
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00339-00096545-00096785 to memorize the entire Surah Kahf
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00340-00096915-00097017 but
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00341-00097057-00097280 A person will be protected from
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00342-00097280-00097561 the Fitnahs of Dajjal and Dajjal.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00343-00097604-00097960 Some Riwayaat say: A light will shine from his feet
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00344-00097995-00098179 to the Baitullah.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00345-00098195-00098440 Another Riwayaat: From his feet,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00346-00098464-00098660 till the clouds.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00347-00098716-00098880 So we had this Darkness.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00348-00098900-00099251 We had this Baatil we had this showering of Fitnahs,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00349-00099297-00099692 again A'maal, look at the correlation,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00350-00099713-00100008 read Surah Kahf, light will shine
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00351-00100057-00100208 till the heavens,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00352-00100259-00100408 till the clouds.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00353-00100430-00100644 Whatever Fitnahs are coming bring on the light,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00354-00100644-00100844 just switch the light on,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00355-00100844-00101128 turn to A'maal, turn to Allah,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00356-00101128-00101502 obey your Nabi and see what Allah does for you.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00357-00101510-00101702 All the problems
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00358-00101731-00101920 of the whole of mankind,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00359-00101920-00102120 Dunya and Aakhirah,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00360-00102120-00102278 only lies in this.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00361-00102294-00102520 The problem is not every body else,
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00362-00102520-00102700 the problem is me.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00363-00102700-00103030 May Allah (ﷻ) give us Taufeeq of making A'mal.
ZZTBgL-BMRQ-00364-00103030-00103505 و آخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00000-00000152-00000744 Hi it's Yoola here welcome i want to show you today how to use the YoolaKnitter
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00001-00000744-00001592 to make 48 stitches and not just 24 as the number of gates that it originally has
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00002-00001784-00002448 so we begin as always we insert the hook into the tallest part the highest part and
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00003-00002448-00003128 insert the hook into the gate we are going to the right if you're right-handed and going to the left
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00004-00003128-00004144 if you're left-handed pulling a stitch one stitch through each gate this this is also an opportunity
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00005-00004144-00004800 to remind you that it's recommended to use the 1 mm hook at least for the first row
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00006-00005040-00005784 and to push the hook in the first row again up until the widest part of the crochet hook
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00007-00006216-00007184 so you go around pulling stitches one stitch through each gate
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00008-00010272-00010912 and we've reached the last stitch of the first row stitch number 24 I'm pulling a stitch
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00009-00011088-00011608 and now the magic begins now i'm going to go instead
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00010-00011736-00012528 of into the stitch as i usually do i go beneath i go as if i'm pulling a new stitch
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00011-00012656-00013336 while i am pulling a new stitch through the same gate i put the stitch in the previous row so
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00012-00013400-00014184 the result is two stitches popping out of the same gate here you can see the two stitches
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00013-00014440-00015119 now i continue going to the right again going into the gate pulling a new stitch instead of going
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00014-00015119-00016984 into the stitch i will go around pull another 24 stitches which will result in 48 stitches in total
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00015-00022096-00022904 when i finish going around the second time i'm going to switch into a crochet hook size 0.75mm  
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00016-00022904-00023608 i find it easier i will go into one of the stitches pull a stitch push it only up until
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00017-00023608-00024144 the neck and not the widest part and then going into the second stitch that's going out of the
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00018-00024144-00025184 same gate the result is again two stitches going out of the same gate i'm moving to the right
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00019-00025184-00025968 again because i'm right-handed pulling another two stitches i guess you see where this is going
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00020-00026056-00027280 i'm going to go around pulling a stitch out of each stitch this will result in a 48 stitch piece
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00021-00027583-00028120 as you can see take some attention to make sure i'm going into each stitch and not
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00022-00028120-00029583 both of them together but i believe it's worth the effort
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00023-00030776-00031136 when i finish this row which was actually row number two
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00024-00031256-00032016 this is how it looks like i'm going to go around pulling another row of stitches now it's really
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00025-00032016-00033784 simple it's the same as you do in every other any other ISK project i just go around pulling stitches
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00026-00036896-00037552 okay now because the result is so dense and i actually want a larger diameter of work
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00027-00037624-00038528 i'm going to release now the knitted part from the YoolaKnitter i do this by rotating the ring i rotate
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00028-00038528-00040784 it a whole circle until i see the spring is out like here and now i can take off the knitted part
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00029-00042008-00042560 and it's released now i can continue working but because i want a larger diameter
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00030-00042696-00043024 i'm going to stretch it really gently going around
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00031-00043200-00044008 like this if you stretch too strong you will lose control and it will all the stitches
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00032-00044008-00044752 will be gone well you can give it a try once to see the result but if you go around really gently
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00033-00044920-00046384 the result will be a piece with a larger diameter than the one you began with with all 48 stitches
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00034-00047024-00047280 to continue working simply take your hook
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00035-00047520-00047992 and continue working if you're right-handed to the right if you're left-handed to the left
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00036-00048080-00048248 and whatever piece you're making
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00037-00048816-00049568 you can make a Yoolaflower you know a really large one i'm going to continue this into making a
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00038-00049568-00050248 Pomegranate and a lampshade i will also update the tutorials so there will be an
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00039-00050248-00050688 annex on these two tutorials how to use the YoolaKnitter with this exciting
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00040-00050824-00051064 tip or trick or i don't know how to call it
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00041-00051255-00051704 i didn't mention it but of course you can make any number of stitches between
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00042-00051704-00052432 24 and 48 as well you just don't have to add another stitch into each gate that's all
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00043-00052576-00053472 for more patterns tutorials supply accessories anything that has to do with wire crocheting
ZbdwnQtDAQQ-00044-00053472-00054376 the invisible spool knitting visit my website at www.YoolaDesign.com, bye
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00000-00000028-00000832 The ancient kingdom of Pictland is often referred to as just that: a unified kingdom of the
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00001-00000832-00000932 Picts.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00002-00000932-00001613 However, as the mysteries of the Picts continue to reveal themselves, it appears as though
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00003-00001613-00002414 Pictland was actually comprised of 7 different but connected Pictish kingdoms, who shared
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00004-00002414-00002792 many linguistic and cultural characteristics.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00005-00002792-00003676 The Pictish kingdoms of ancient Scotland were: Fib, in modern Fife, Cait to the, in northern
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00006-00003676-00004435 Caithness and Sutherland, Cé, on the east coast around Aberdeenshire, Circin, in the
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00007-00004435-00005260 Angus region, Fidach, around the Inverness region, and Fotla, around the Perth and Kinross
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00008-00005260-00005373 region.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00009-00005373-00006007 The 7th Pictish kingdom was Fortriu, which is thought to have been situated around Moray
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00010-00006007-00006429 in the north-east of ancient Scotland.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00011-00006429-00007138 Fortriu however is often used interchangeably with Pictland, perhaps suggesting that it
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00012-00007138-00007490 was one of the most powerful kingdoms.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00013-00007490-00008000 Exactly when these kingdoms arose and for how long they survived is largely unknown.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00014-00008000-00008826 The first reference to Fortriu however came from a Roman writer in the 4th century AD,
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00015-00008826-00009214 who referred to them as the Verturiones.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00016-00009214-00009981 It is thought that Verturione came from the Brittonic root vertebra, indicating that Fortress
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00017-00009981-00010277 People is how they were referred too.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00018-00010277-00010908 In Old England, Anglo-Saxon records refer to these Pictish people as Wærteras.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00019-00010908-00011726 In the Pictish Chronicle, a loose historical account of Pictish Kings, the seven Pictish
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00020-00011726-00012336 kingdoms were said to have been founded by the seven sons of the Cruithne.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00021-00012336-00012931 The Cruithne or Cruthin refers to a people of early medieval Ireland who occupied a territory
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00022-00012931-00013109 centered around Ulster.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00023-00013109-00013690 This has led some to argue that the Picts of ancient Scotland and the Cruthin of ancient
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00024-00013690-00014115 Ireland was connected in some way, although this is debated.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00025-00014115-00014940 We do know that Cruithne was an Irish name for the Picts.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00026-00014940-00015784 In a religious book written between 697 and 700 AD, called the Life of Columba, the author
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00027-00015784-00016551 records how the Columba baptised a man called Artbranan, who was described as the "chief
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00028-00016551-00016943 commander of the warband of the region of Cé."
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00029-00016943-00017323 There are still references to the Cé in Scotland today.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00030-00017323-00018032 The Bennachie mountain range in Aberdeenshire for instance means the “Mountain of the
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00031-00018032-00018193 People of Cé.”
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00032-00018193-00018859 In Irish sources, the seven Pictish kingdoms were said to have been ruled by hereditary
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00033-00018859-00019026 chiefs or kings.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00034-00019026-00019604 It has been documented from various sources that the Picts most likely traced the hereditary
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00035-00019604-00019983 line of kingship through the female line.
ZfvQ9u1V_CU-00036-00019983-00020787 In the early 6th century, the seven kingdoms are said to have merged into two larger kingdoms,
ZiQVi0qHVWI-00000-00000400-00000936 The third way which probably warrants a whole presentation on its own is the process called
ZiQVi0qHVWI-00001-00000936-00001552 photosynthesis. And this is where plants so a component of the biosphere can harness
ZiQVi0qHVWI-00002-00001552-00002360 light energy from the Sun and convert so they basically take CO₂ from the atmosphere plus water
ZiQVi0qHVWI-00003-00002432-00003016 and in the presence of light energy generate glucose which we can call food if you like. And
ZiQVi0qHVWI-00004-00003016-00003511 the byproduct of that is oxygen which is very convenient because there are a whole lot of us
ZiQVi0qHVWI-00005-00003608-00004136 we other organisms that quite like to use oxygen for our own respiration. So
ZiQVi0qHVWI-00006-00004256-00004808 this process photosynthesis is another major mechanism for transferring energy from the Sun
ZiQVi0qHVWI-00007-00004880-00005488 into the biosphere in particular.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00000-00000000-00000200 Seal in time
ZkOKb93_rfc-00001-00000288-00000658 You know, my ex, that you are the last time my street passed five years ago.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00002-00000658-00001000 Almost every day I go through it, and every time remind me of you.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00003-00001256-00001900 I often turn around because in my head they respond to the words "wherever I go, you'll find me, my perfume is unique, you will feel it on every corner. "
ZkOKb93_rfc-00004-00001970-00002720 That's how it was... five years have passed, nearly two thousand days and nights it descended from the sky, but your perfume Still smelling on every corner, just like on the first day.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00005-00002800-00003200 I still hear your steps when you leave, then the pavements responded like never before.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00006-00003200-00003970 You left the stamp on this street, A seal that will be remembered for a long time, at each corner our names are written, our nicknames that we gave to each other.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00007-00004140-00005340 Everything remained the same except those friends with whom we have been socializing, because they also found our way after us. I guess that's how it should be because life is passing just like you and all of them, but they all left some traces behind and left, I just stayed and disappeared without a trace.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00008-00005440-00006050 After you I lost the feeling of love, it cooled my life, everything cooled me, nothing is the same or will ever be.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00009-00006290-00007090 Time passes quickly, it is impossible to stop it and restore it, never again in one place, we will never be at the same time again.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00010-00007272-00007870 Time is transient, we are transient, but I know one: we left a seal in this time, no matter what it was.
ZkOKb93_rfc-00011-00007900-00008208 Thanks for watching.
ZluaWiC9zjg-00000-00000310-00000819 NICOLE: Hi everybody we're gonna get started here. My name's Nicole, this is Angela and
ZluaWiC9zjg-00001-00000900-00001228 we are from the WRHA virtual library and we're going to be talking to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00002-00001228-00001558 you today about finding information on geriatrics. This webinar is being
ZluaWiC9zjg-00003-00001558-00001960 recorded and it will be posted afterwards on our YouTube channel as
ZluaWiC9zjg-00004-00001960-00002335 well as linked from our library training page where you can also find out more
ZluaWiC9zjg-00005-00002335-00002716 information about our upcoming webinars.
ZluaWiC9zjg-00006-00002760-00003337 So who are we? The WRHA virtual library is a service that provides access to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00007-00003337-00003893 electronic resources and library services for staff of the WRHA, the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00008-00003893-00004286 eligible community health agencies which are listed on our web site as well as
ZluaWiC9zjg-00009-00004286-00004685 the eligible personal care homes. We provide access to a whole bunch of
ZluaWiC9zjg-00010-00004685-00004987 different electronic resources, some of which you'll hear both in today's
ZluaWiC9zjg-00011-00004987-00005461 presentation. We also provide a number of different library services. One of
ZluaWiC9zjg-00012-00005461-00005944 those is education and training sessions like this one, that's why we're here, and we
ZluaWiC9zjg-00013-00005944-00006415 also do literature searches where as you can submit a topic or a question that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00014-00006415-00006854 you'd like to find literature about and we can actually search for different
ZluaWiC9zjg-00015-00006854-00007286 journal articles or other sources for you and send you a list. We do document
ZluaWiC9zjg-00016-00007286-00007586 delivery for anything we don't have direct access to so if you find a
ZluaWiC9zjg-00017-00007586-00007961 journal article that you really want to read, a book or a video, whatever, let us
ZluaWiC9zjg-00018-00007961-00008434 know. We can send it either to you by email or directly to your place of work.
ZluaWiC9zjg-00019-00008434-00008786 Finally we have our current awareness service which we'll be talking about as
ZluaWiC9zjg-00020-00008786-00009368 part of this webinar. ANGELA: Okay so the objectives today, and if you have any
ZluaWiC9zjg-00021-00009368-00009929 questions feel free to use the chat and we'll get to them as as we can, the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00022-00009929-00010406 objectives today is we want you to know how to find the geriatric resources that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00023-00010406-00010883 the WRHA virtual library offers, so what we have and demonstrate how to find
ZluaWiC9zjg-00024-00010883-00011426 those resources, and I also wanted to leave you with some instructions on how
ZluaWiC9zjg-00025-00011426-00011852 to get to those resources because I know in a few weeks you'll forget how so in
ZluaWiC9zjg-00026-00011852-00012242 this webinar there's lots of written and instruction so you don't feel you have
ZluaWiC9zjg-00027-00012242-00012820 to write anything down, they'll be quick reminders of how to do that. And this
ZluaWiC9zjg-00028-00012820-00013253 webinar sort of assumes that you know some of the information - that you know
ZluaWiC9zjg-00029-00013253-00013818 how to order articles or order journals, that you know how to form a search
ZluaWiC9zjg-00030-00013818-00014310 strategy and execute a search in the various databases, but don't worry, I've
ZluaWiC9zjg-00031-00014310-00014847 also left information  in each section as to where if you forget how to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00032-00014847-00015165 do those things we're talking about them and you don't remember how to do them
ZluaWiC9zjg-00033-00015165-00015591 but there's little tips on where to get more information. We have lots of
ZluaWiC9zjg-00034-00015591-00016145 webinars and short videos that you can refer to. So today we're going to find
ZluaWiC9zjg-00035-00016145-00016541 out how to find geriatric resources and I wanted to indicate that I use
ZluaWiC9zjg-00036-00016541-00017151 geriatrics, I interpreted that as a very broad term, I included gerontology and
ZluaWiC9zjg-00037-00017151-00017676 long-term care as well and we're going to look today as to how to find
ZluaWiC9zjg-00038-00017676-00018141 information in the library catalog, ebooks e-journals databases guidelines
ZluaWiC9zjg-00039-00018141-00018923 current perspectives and toolkits. So the first place to look in a good starting
ZluaWiC9zjg-00040-00018923-00019518 point is our virtual library catalog. A basic search will include articles books
ZluaWiC9zjg-00041-00019518-00019857 journals audio visuals and other items. These are
ZluaWiC9zjg-00042-00019857-00020325 things that we have purchased electronically for the WRHA library
ZluaWiC9zjg-00043-00020325-00020766 but you also have access to the print resources that are available through the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00044-00020766-00021267 through the University of Manitoba. So these are your written instructions this
ZluaWiC9zjg-00045-00021267-00021984 is the URL that you want to memorize or or shortcut or bookmark. This gets you
ZluaWiC9zjg-00046-00021984-00022607 to all of our resources so you click you go to that URL, you will see a search bar
ZluaWiC9zjg-00047-00022607-00023112 you click in the search bar and type in one or more keywords, you then click the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00048-00023112-00023682 search button and I've just put down a few suggested search terms for you, you
ZluaWiC9zjg-00049-00023682-00024219 might have more specific terms like incontinence or delirium or dementia or
ZluaWiC9zjg-00050-00024219-00024918 Alzheimer's so forth that you would want to enter. So that is, those are the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00051-00024918-00025395 instructions and next we'll take a visual see how we how that looks. So
ZluaWiC9zjg-00052-00025395-00025916 we've gone to that URL, this is the home page, in the middle there is the search
ZluaWiC9zjg-00053-00025916-00026975 bar. I've typed in geriatrics there and we will click on the search button. Once
ZluaWiC9zjg-00054-00026975-00027469 you do that you're then brought to the results page. At this point you've got
ZluaWiC9zjg-00055-00027469-00028114 over, well over three hundred thousand search results so you can refine that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00056-00028114-00028639 by adding more search terms or you can use the 'tweak my results' on the left
ZluaWiC9zjg-00057-00028639-00029168 hand side there. You can tweak the results by availability, whether the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00058-00029168-00029695 resource is available full-text online or if it's in the library,
ZluaWiC9zjg-00059-00029695-00030115 you've got publication date that you can narrow it by - usually you want the most
ZluaWiC9zjg-00060-00030115-00030755 recent three or five or ten years, you can search by content type as well and
ZluaWiC9zjg-00061-00030755-00031138 narrow the search if you're just looking for books or book chapters perhaps or
ZluaWiC9zjg-00062-00031138-00031931 articles, you can also use language and subject as well. So in this case if you
ZluaWiC9zjg-00063-00031931-00032677 go, if you click on one of the titles of the items that are listed there
ZluaWiC9zjg-00064-00032677-00033506 it is hyperlinked and you will click on it and go into the record
ZluaWiC9zjg-00065-00033506-00034084 of the item. From there you can see whether or not you have access to it. Any
ZluaWiC9zjg-00066-00034084-00034459 of the items that have a publisher with WRHA in front of it
ZluaWiC9zjg-00067-00034459-00034994 you have full-text access to - you would need to log in to get to that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00068-00034994-00035491 information but we'll demonstrate that a little bit later. So you click on the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00069-00035491-00036121 title, if there's no WRHA access on it you can order the item and that means you
ZluaWiC9zjg-00070-00036121-00036599 have to have logged in to the system so in the top right hand corner there's a
ZluaWiC9zjg-00071-00036599-00037088 login. You log in with your WRHA virtual library username and password and that allows
ZluaWiC9zjg-00072-00037088-00037502 you to order the item if you don't have full-text access. NICOLE: And if you've forgotten
ZluaWiC9zjg-00073-00037502-00037915 what your username and password is just let us know or there's also an option to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00074-00037915-00038431 get help logging in when you click on the log in button. ANGELA: Yeah so you'll
ZluaWiC9zjg-00075-00038431-00038950 know you're logged in if your name is in the top right-hand corner and I've put
ZluaWiC9zjg-00076-00038950-00039493 down how to access or order articles there's the URL as well.
ZluaWiC9zjg-00077-00039493-00040310 So finding ebooks, again that magic URL, you go to that you click on our tab find
ZluaWiC9zjg-00078-00040310-00040889 information from the pull down menu select online resources, at that point
ZluaWiC9zjg-00079-00040889-00041303 you can use the alphabetical listing click on the e to jump down to that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00080-00041303-00041777 section or you can simply scroll down to the e section and in this case we're
ZluaWiC9zjg-00081-00041777-00042281 going to select the ebsco ebook general collection. At this point you're going to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00082-00042281-00042860 have to enter your wrha virtual library username and password since you're going
ZluaWiC9zjg-00083-00042860-00043327 into one of our licensed resources and again i've put down some suggested
ZluaWiC9zjg-00084-00043327-00043946 search terms for you. So the visual is we're back on our home page, across the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00085-00043946-00044417 top there are tabs, I've clicked on find information, you might notice down below
ZluaWiC9zjg-00086-00044417-00044783 there are boxes as well with the same name so and you could click on those as
ZluaWiC9zjg-00087-00044783-00045362 well but I'm demonstrating the tabs today. So find information, go to the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00088-00045362-00046172 online resources and that will bring you to our online, all of our resources that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00089-00046172-00046733 are available online, you then click on the EBSCOhost ebook general collection
ZluaWiC9zjg-00090-00046733-00047234 after you've scrolled down to it and at that point as I said you would have to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00091-00047234-00047899 log in with your wrha  virtual library username and password. So
ZluaWiC9zjg-00092-00047899-00048356 once you get into the database you have the search box there and I've entered in
ZluaWiC9zjg-00093-00048356-00048917 elder abuse. You could use quotes around this so that would search it as a phrase
ZluaWiC9zjg-00094-00048917-00049439 rather than as two independent words. In some cases you might want to use an
ZluaWiC9zjg-00095-00049439-00049904 asterisk or star after a word at the end of a word to truncate the word so for
ZluaWiC9zjg-00096-00049904-00050450 instance if you search for geriatric and you put this asterisk after it it would
ZluaWiC9zjg-00097-00050450-00051032 search geriatric geriatrics the plural and geriatrician and any other
ZluaWiC9zjg-00098-00051032-00051578 variations. Don't worry if you don't remember the fine points of how to do
ZluaWiC9zjg-00099-00051578-00052140 the searches you can visit our URL here and we have a
ZluaWiC9zjg-00100-00052140-00053016 splendid guide on how to execute searches. So I've entered that elder
ZluaWiC9zjg-00101-00053016-00053554 abuse and I've ended up with luckily only five results here but if I needed
ZluaWiC9zjg-00102-00053554-00054085 to, on the left hand side again I can again refine the results I have some
ZluaWiC9zjg-00103-00054085-00054792 options there but in this case I am interested in perhaps the first item
ZluaWiC9zjg-00104-00054792-00055474 there and I can pull up the PDF of the full text for this. You can have other
ZluaWiC9zjg-00105-00055474-00056292 options there as well, the ePub full text is another option and it operates more
ZluaWiC9zjg-00106-00056292-00056608 like you're in the web so that if there's any hyperlinks that will be
ZluaWiC9zjg-00107-00056608-00057148 available. The full download is also available it's if you use that option
ZluaWiC9zjg-00108-00057148-00057607 you do need to have an EBSCOhost  account with them so you'd have to set
ZluaWiC9zjg-00109-00057607-00058078 that up beforehand and it does need specialized software so you might not be
ZluaWiC9zjg-00110-00058078-00058455 able to use that one but it operates as if you're borrowing a book - you'd be able
ZluaWiC9zjg-00111-00058455-00059041 to have this downloaded PDF for a week or something. NICOLE: Yeah that just to mention
ZluaWiC9zjg-00112-00059041-00059311 that EBSCOhost account it doesn't cost anything you don't have to subscribe
ZluaWiC9zjg-00113-00059311-00059734 we've subscribed already you just have to create a personal account. ANGELA: Yes yes exactly.
ZluaWiC9zjg-00114-00059734-00060455 So in this case you're going to pull up the full PDF of this by clicking on this
ZluaWiC9zjg-00115-00060455-00061087 where I have the arrow and that gets you into the actual PDF of the book. Off to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00116-00061087-00061564 the left there again you have the table of contents so that you can jump down to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00117-00061564-00062074 various sections or you could go through it page by page by using the arrow at
ZluaWiC9zjg-00118-00062074-00062611 the bottom of the book there. I did want to mention that the publisher does have
ZluaWiC9zjg-00119-00062611-00063313 some restrictions on or permissions that you have a limit on how much you can
ZluaWiC9zjg-00120-00063313-00064216 print or save or download. So the  EBSCOhost ebook general collection, these
ZluaWiC9zjg-00121-00064216-00064729 are just a selection of various textbooks that are available through
ZluaWiC9zjg-00122-00064729-00065201 that collection. If there are any time there's any ebooks that you feel that we
ZluaWiC9zjg-00123-00065201-00065858 should have and we don't have please let us know by contacting us and we will forward
ZluaWiC9zjg-00124-00065858-00066287 that information onto our purchase department who will look into the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00125-00066287-00066808 availability of that item. It has to be an e-book in an eBook version and as to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00126-00066808-00067577 what the cost is. So besides Ebscohost general collection we do have various
ZluaWiC9zjg-00127-00067577-00068174 other collections, Accessmedicine and I've provided a few examples of the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00128-00068174-00068639 books that are available there, JAMAevidence as well as Lippincott
ZluaWiC9zjg-00129-00068639-00069062 Williams & Wilkins and you would use the same instructions to get to these
ZluaWiC9zjg-00130-00069062-00069731 collections as as in the previous one. So finding a journal is almost the same, we
ZluaWiC9zjg-00131-00069731-00070352 have the same URL you go to the find information tabs, we've created a handy
ZluaWiC9zjg-00132-00070352-00070739 page for you though where we have collated a few of the collections
ZluaWiC9zjg-00133-00070739-00071294 together for easy access for you, so you would click on ejournal collections at
ZluaWiC9zjg-00134-00071294-00071897 this point. This brings you to this page and these are just three on this page
ZluaWiC9zjg-00135-00071897-00072314 you can't see them all but there are three major journal collections that we
ZluaWiC9zjg-00136-00072314-00073079 have the one being the BMJ journals, Cambridge Core and JAMA journals if you
ZluaWiC9zjg-00137-00073079-00073477 need to find other journals you could also use the catalog and just type in a
ZluaWiC9zjg-00138-00073477-00074018 title of a journal and look for it that way. So in this case let's select BMJ
ZluaWiC9zjg-00139-00074018-00074648 open.  If it's a new if this is a new session for you you're going to be asked
ZluaWiC9zjg-00140-00074648-00075050 to log in again; if you're still logged in from the previous time then you
ZluaWiC9zjg-00141-00075050-00075370 probably won't see this again but if it's a new one you are asked to log in
ZluaWiC9zjg-00142-00075370-00075899 again because it is a licensed resource. Once you get past that you get to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00143-00075899-00076558 usually the most current issue of the article that the journal has. If you need
ZluaWiC9zjg-00144-00076558-00077051 an older issue check around on the page and look for anything that says past
ZluaWiC9zjg-00145-00077051-00077498 issues or archives. NICOLE: In this case it's in the purple bar to the right hand side.
ZluaWiC9zjg-00146-00077498-00078093 ANGELA: Yes so from here you can click on the individual titles and pull up the full
ZluaWiC9zjg-00147-00078093-00078741 texts and usually look for a PDF symbol as that's usually the better version to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00148-00078741-00079527 read the article in. So again these are just a few selections of e-journals that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00149-00079527-00080073 we have for geriatrics gerontology and long-term care. I wanted to mention that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00150-00080073-00080838 when we license from various publishers journals they sometimes place embargoes
ZluaWiC9zjg-00151-00080838-00081276 on these journals so sometimes they'll be anywhere from six to twelve months
ZluaWiC9zjg-00152-00081276-00081885 meaning that the most current information is not available to us. Some
ZluaWiC9zjg-00153-00081885-00082401 publishers are allowing are now providing open access as well but that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00154-00082401-00082920 varies from publisher to publisher title to title as to how much
ZluaWiC9zjg-00155-00082920-00083586 they provide open access sometimes it's just the editorial that they provide
ZluaWiC9zjg-00156-00083586-00084083 open access to. So again at any time if there are journal titles that you see
ZluaWiC9zjg-00157-00084083-00084552 are missing from our collection that would be useful for your department then
ZluaWiC9zjg-00158-00084552-00085122 let us know and we'll see what we can do about getting those added into this, as
ZluaWiC9zjg-00159-00085122-00085497 well as any articles if they're embargoed or we simply don't subscribe
ZluaWiC9zjg-00160-00085497-00086316 to that journal title you can request it by ordering the full text and we do have
ZluaWiC9zjg-00161-00086316-00086949 this URL if handy for you so that if you forget how to order articles it's a very
ZluaWiC9zjg-00162-00086949-00087768 short under three minute video on how to do that. So we do have other ecollections
ZluaWiC9zjg-00163-00087768-00088233 as well, ejournal collections, you would find it the same
ZluaWiC9zjg-00164-00088233-00088779 way we just found the other one, this is a selection of them and I've again
ZluaWiC9zjg-00165-00088779-00089325 provided you with information on how to find those a journals in case you've
ZluaWiC9zjg-00166-00089325-00089862 forgotten how. So at this point I'm going to pass it over to Nicole who will talk
ZluaWiC9zjg-00167-00089862-00090537 to us about finding databases. NICOLE; Alright so in addition to our various a journal
ZluaWiC9zjg-00168-00090537-00090867 collections we also have a set of databases that index all kinds of
ZluaWiC9zjg-00169-00090867-00091287 different content such as books and journals as well as videos theses
ZluaWiC9zjg-00170-00091287-00091752 patient education resource and other materials. To find these from
ZluaWiC9zjg-00171-00091752-00092202 our homepage you would click on the tab or the button find information and then
ZluaWiC9zjg-00172-00092202-00092547 select online resources and that'll get you back to our big online resources
ZluaWiC9zjg-00173-00092547-00092901 list where it shows you everything that we have access to. You can use the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00174-00092901-00093393 alphabetical list or scroll down the page to navigate.. Select a database log
ZluaWiC9zjg-00175-00093393-00093822 in and then search in that particular database. Now we have previously done a
ZluaWiC9zjg-00176-00093822-00094116 whole bunch of different webinars on various databases that you're welcome to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00177-00094116-00094668 watch at your leisure and we also have our guides to how to search as well as
ZluaWiC9zjg-00178-00094668-00094974 some training materials available on our website and here are some various URLs
ZluaWiC9zjg-00179-00094974-00095397 that might be helpful for you if you're not familiar with search strategies or
ZluaWiC9zjg-00180-00095397-00095982 need help using particular databases. So the top three databases we
ZluaWiC9zjg-00181-00095982-00096447 want to mention to you for this topic area: CINAHL plus is a nursing and allied
ZluaWiC9zjg-00182-00096447-00097008 health focused database, it has about 770 journals, it's a core research tool
ZluaWiC9zjg-00183-00097008-00097470 really for nursing especially. If you're in the Allied Health field you might
ZluaWiC9zjg-00184-00097470-00097782 also want to take a look at Emcare which is another allied health database
ZluaWiC9zjg-00185-00097782-00098214 on our database list, it's got a bit more coverage in terms of allied health
ZluaWiC9zjg-00186-00098214-00098739 rather than nursing specific areas. We've got MEDLINE with full text through
ZluaWiC9zjg-00187-00098739-00099204 EBSCOhost - this is basically the full text of the materials that you might
ZluaWiC9zjg-00188-00099204-00099543 find through PubMed or through OVID medline which we also have but which we
ZluaWiC9zjg-00189-00099543-00100074 don't necessarily have full text for. So this is a huge biomedical database it
ZluaWiC9zjg-00190-00100074-00100514 includes a whole bunch of different stuff 1,400 plus journals, covers
ZluaWiC9zjg-00191-00100514-00100914 everything from preclinical science to biomedicine to basic medicine nursing
ZluaWiC9zjg-00192-00100914-00101537 dentistry. veterinary medicine. animal science. everything. Finally we have
ZluaWiC9zjg-00193-00101537-00102150 PsycINFO which is another Ovid database - it looks at psychological and behavioral
ZluaWiC9zjg-00194-00102150-00102542 health sciences in particular it's got a whole bunch of dissertations as well as
ZluaWiC9zjg-00195-00102542-00102975 journal articles, books, chapters. Another one that might be interesting to you is
ZluaWiC9zjg-00196-00102975-00103302 Health which is more focused on health services and Technology
ZluaWiC9zjg-00197-00103302-00104025 Assessment, that kind of thing. All right then we have our list of guidelines and
ZluaWiC9zjg-00198-00104025-00104486 we have done a webinar previously that's focused specifically on guidelines, if
ZluaWiC9zjg-00199-00104486-00105028 you'd like to review that it is available on our website at that URL right there,
ZluaWiC9zjg-00200-00105028-00105486 but we also have our toolkit, and I'll talk about toolkits in a little bit, and
ZluaWiC9zjg-00201-00105486-00105923 some several different databases that are specific to guidelines - for example
ZluaWiC9zjg-00202-00105923-00106289 the Canadian practice guideline infobase which is provided by the Canadian
ZluaWiC9zjg-00203-00106289-00106724 Medical Association that has a whole bunch of different Canadian specific
ZluaWiC9zjg-00204-00106724-00107315 guidelines. We have the TRIP database, we have HSTAT, several different
ZluaWiC9zjg-00205-00107315-00107771 databases that focus on guidelines specifically. We also have some different
ZluaWiC9zjg-00206-00107771-00108263 tips and tricks for using Google to find guidelines specifically and again we do
ZluaWiC9zjg-00207-00108263-00108661 have a webinar specifically on Google that you're welcome to review but just
ZluaWiC9zjg-00208-00108661-00109043 to quickly mention these little search tip you can do a site specific search in
ZluaWiC9zjg-00209-00109043-00109547 Google by doing site: and then the site name for example in this case we
ZluaWiC9zjg-00210-00109547-00110083 have SOGC.org you can do intitle if you want to look specifically for
ZluaWiC9zjg-00211-00110083-00110434 something in the title of the search result - in this example we've got
ZluaWiC9zjg-00212-00110434-00110911 intitle guidelines so that would find any research result from SOGC.org that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00213-00110911-00111310 has guideline in the title of the page and finally you can do a file type
ZluaWiC9zjg-00214-00111310-00111610 specific search so if you want to look just at PDFs which are a lot of
ZluaWiC9zjg-00215-00111610-00112019 guidelines will be published in PDF format you can also do Word documents
ZluaWiC9zjg-00216-00112019-00112376 where you might find nursing manuals for example or other things that might be
ZluaWiC9zjg-00217-00112376-00113195 useful for you. We also have our current perspective service so if you go back to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00218-00113195-00113693 the home page and under the services tab you select current awareness we have a
ZluaWiC9zjg-00219-00113693-00114017 whole bunch of bibliographies of recent literature on topics of interest to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00220-00114017-00114524 gerontology geriatrics and long-term care. Here's a selection of the topics
ZluaWiC9zjg-00221-00114524-00114890 that are there but there's really a whole bunch more and we can check back
ZluaWiC9zjg-00222-00114890-00115343 often because we constantly are adding materials to this site. You can request
ZluaWiC9zjg-00223-00115343-00115877 specific topics and we can also set up a personalized alert service for you which
ZluaWiC9zjg-00224-00115877-00116216 is basically we set up a search in PubMed or in a different database and
ZluaWiC9zjg-00225-00116216-00116570 it'll automatically email you new results on your particular topic area
ZluaWiC9zjg-00226-00116570-00117116 whenever any are published . Finally I would recommend that you subscribe to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00227-00117116-00117433 our WRHA virtual library newsletter because we'll provide you
ZluaWiC9zjg-00228-00117433-00117797 with lots of information both new and upcoming resources and materials that
ZluaWiC9zjg-00229-00117797-00118266 will be helpful for you. All right finally we have our tool kits
ZluaWiC9zjg-00230-00118266-00118707 so tool kits are basically a key resource guide that provides an overview
ZluaWiC9zjg-00231-00118707-00119186 of the key resources in a subject area. So if you go to our home page and click
ZluaWiC9zjg-00232-00119186-00119658 on find information and then toolkits there's a set of toolkits on various
ZluaWiC9zjg-00233-00119658-00120096 different topic areas. Some that are particularly relevant to this subject
ZluaWiC9zjg-00234-00120096-00120603 are the long-term care toolkit of course but also in medicine and geriatrics are,
ZluaWiC9zjg-00235-00120603-00121074 sorry nursing and medicine there are geriatric specific subcategories for
ZluaWiC9zjg-00236-00121074-00121680 those toolkits. ANGELA: And if you needed to if you're interested in new topics let us
ZluaWiC9zjg-00237-00121680-00122193 know and we would be very happy to work with anyone on building those toolkits
ZluaWiC9zjg-00238-00122193-00122580 NICOLE: Yes so here's an example of what a toolkit looks like, this is the long-term
ZluaWiC9zjg-00239-00122580-00123123 care toolkit. Here you can see there are various different subspecialties with
ZluaWiC9zjg-00240-00123123-00123423 regards to topics like we have addictions in the long-term care for
ZluaWiC9zjg-00241-00123423-00124017 example, falls, family, geriatric care, pressure ulcers etc. Again we're happy to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00242-00124017-00124314 add things to this list if there's a particular subject area that you feel
ZluaWiC9zjg-00243-00124314-00124701 should be covered here but isn't. I also wanted to mention that on the left hand
ZluaWiC9zjg-00244-00124701-00125073 side here we have some more general resources which includes a lot of open
ZluaWiC9zjg-00245-00125073-00125502 access and free resources, videos assessment tools that kind of thing. So
ZluaWiC9zjg-00246-00125502-00125711 really there's a whole bunch of different things here that will help
ZluaWiC9zjg-00247-00125711-00126059 support you in your practice and we're always help happy to help you look for
ZluaWiC9zjg-00248-00126059-00126584 more if there's something that's missing from this list. ANGELA: So that brings us to the
ZluaWiC9zjg-00249-00126584-00127160 end. I just wanted to mention again that we will be sending out a slide deck and
ZluaWiC9zjg-00250-00127160-00127728 there will be a recording of this video available in a couple of days. If you
ZluaWiC9zjg-00251-00127728-00128097 have any questions we'll be on the line for a few more minutes so feel free to
ZluaWiC9zjg-00252-00128097-00128682 chat with us or contact us through our numbers here. If you ever have any
ZluaWiC9zjg-00253-00128682-00129153 questions we have our general WRHA virtual library number you now
ZluaWiC9zjg-00254-00129153-00129750 have contacts for two librarians, also I wanted to mention on most of our pages
ZluaWiC9zjg-00255-00129750-00130314 you'll see in the top corner as you do here a little ask us so that if you're
ZluaWiC9zjg-00256-00130314-00130752 online doing a search and you run into a problem where you'd forget how to order
ZluaWiC9zjg-00257-00130752-00131216 something you can easily ask us online and we
ZluaWiC9zjg-00258-00131216-00131744 can help you right on the spot there through the chat service. So if you have
ZluaWiC9zjg-00259-00131744-00132386 any questions feel free to call out to us and we'll put you on mute for a
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ZluaWiC9zjg-00262-00133340-00133883 you'll stay on top of on what new toolkits we're creating, what new current
ZluaWiC9zjg-00263-00133883-00134546 perspectives we're putting up and what new webinars or help sessions  we're
ZluaWiC9zjg-00264-00134546-00135038 putting on. So thank you for being here and we'll just mute ourselves for a few
ZluaWiC9zjg-00265-00135038-00135265 minutes
ZnsNLR5EMvM-00000-00000500-00001001 Thank you God's love to you and me also
ZnsNLR5EMvM-00001-00001051-00002202 I believe you all about receive God's Love for today and wordship Him
ZnsNLR5EMvM-00002-00002202-00002899 All believers, I thank you for the Blessing of God that you all coming so many people today
ZnsNLR5EMvM-00003-00002909-00003356 Even it is time for farming, but you still use this time for wordship Him
ZnsNLR5EMvM-00004-00003356-00003954 All believers, this month is June, it is half month of 2012.
ZnHNOffJmuU-00000-00002336-00002984 foreign
ZnHNOffJmuU-00001-00004264-00004384 woody
ZnHNOffJmuU-00002-00006872-00007376 stop touching her dude she's gonna smack you she's gonna keep smacking you
ZnHNOffJmuU-00003-00007616-00007720 siri lucas right here
ZnHNOffJmuU-00004-00008176-00008656 oh my god it's so
ZnHNOffJmuU-00005-00008656-00009984 teary
ZnHNOffJmuU-00006-00011080-00011384 i thought
ZnHNOffJmuU-00007-00016112-00016984 ah
ZnHNOffJmuU-00008-00017264-00018384 say you're sorry tiger tell him you're sorry for hitting him in the face tell him you're sorry
ZnHNOffJmuU-00009-00018832-00019784 i hold him up
ZnHNOffJmuU-00010-00020608-00021184 oh
ZnHNOffJmuU-00011-00022120-00022584 me
ZnHNOffJmuU-00012-00022960-00022968 you
-og1Sp0bhrg-00000-00000006-00000252 - All right, so I'm actually looking for a dark
-og1Sp0bhrg-00001-00000252-00000379 space in my house.
-og1Sp0bhrg-00002-00000379-00000483 (man clears throat)
-og1Sp0bhrg-00003-00000483-00000897 I've got my candle on a plate
-og1Sp0bhrg-00004-00000897-00001137 with the aluminum foil to keep it standing up.
-og1Sp0bhrg-00005-00001233-00001518 I've created a little space in our linen closet.
-og1Sp0bhrg-00006-00001518-00001809 I've got this, which I used to start my grill,
-og1Sp0bhrg-00007-00001809-00002070 which I'm gonna start as my, use as my match,
-og1Sp0bhrg-00008-00002214-00002403 to light the candle.
-og1Sp0bhrg-00009-00002403-00002814 I've got my refractometer, I've got my phone,
-og1Sp0bhrg-00010-00002814-00003024 and what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna step into the closet,
-og1Sp0bhrg-00011-00003024-00003210 I'm gonna light the candle,
-og1Sp0bhrg-00012-00003210-00003492 and then I'm going to try and get the spectrum.
-og1Sp0bhrg-00013-00003492-00003576 Wish me luck.
-og1Sp0bhrg-00014-00004048-00004339 (lighter flicking)
-og1Sp0bhrg-00015-00004548-00004647 I've got it lit.
-og1Sp0bhrg-00016-00004812-00004980 Now I'm gonna come in and I'm gonna turn
-og1Sp0bhrg-00017-00004980-00005221 out the light and hopefully get my spectrum.
-og1Sp0bhrg-00018-00005221-00005471 (door closes)
-og1Sp0bhrg-00019-00010334-00010692 (banging from behind door)
-og1Sp0bhrg-00020-00012176-00012423 (door opens)
-og1Sp0bhrg-00021-00012423-00012506 Got it.
-og1Sp0bhrg-00022-00012590-00012865 (plastic clinks)
-10kuLlEZPu-00000-00000961-00001433 Former Starbucks employee admits he used to give DECAF to unsuspecting customers who were
-10kuLlEZPu-00001-00001433-00001795 rude to him - or pronounced 'croissant' with a French accent.
-10kuLlEZPu-00002-00001795-00002268 Welcome to the Dum Dum news channel, dedicated to reviewing and discussing news stories from
-10kuLlEZPu-00003-00002268-00002396 around the world.
-10kuLlEZPu-00004-00002396-00002920 Help me trigger the YouTube algorithm by pressing the thumbs up button, subscribing to my channel,
-10kuLlEZPu-00005-00002920-00003286 leaving a comment, and sharing with someone you think would like this content.
-10kuLlEZPu-00006-00003286-00003722 Sources will be linked in the description so you can read the full details yourself.
-10kuLlEZPu-00007-00003722-00004219 The article further says, TikTok user @dolltin admitted in a viral video that when he worked
-10kuLlEZPu-00008-00004219-00004728 at a Starbucks in Florida five years ago, he would swap customers' orders with decaf.
-10kuLlEZPu-00009-00004728-00005096 He said he'd do it when they were rude but also just because he 'felt like it'.
-10kuLlEZPu-00010-00005096-00005553 He also boasted that he'd punish customers with decaf if they pronounced the word 'croissant'
-10kuLlEZPu-00011-00005553-00005732 like a French person would.
-10kuLlEZPu-00012-00005732-00006164 Some commenters have blasted him for the behavior, though he has insisted that anyone who is
-10kuLlEZPu-00013-00006164-00006289 'mad' is 'stupid'.
-10kuLlEZPu-00014-00006289-00006820 Unfortunately, the main video around the controversy has been removed, but we do have videos dolltin
-10kuLlEZPu-00015-00006820-00007209 has made of the backlash he has received.
-10kuLlEZPu-00016-00007209-00007704 Let’s watch the craziness.
-10kuLlEZPu-00017-00007704-00009757 In my opinion, this 
-10kuLlEZPu-00018-00009757-00011661 is hilarious to see that people get angry and start throwing insults and hate at this
-10kuLlEZPu-00019-00011661-00012621 guy for giving people decaf coffee.
-10kuLlEZPu-00020-00012621-00013887 I assume that people can’t even tell the difference, I know I can’t.
-10kuLlEZPu-00021-00013887-00015268 Good thing he doesn’t work there anymore and he seems to be doing well to not take
-10kuLlEZPu-00022-00015268-00015791 all the insults personal.
-10kuLlEZPu-00024-00019570-00021831 voice instantly, how they use that voice is an entirely different topic.
-10kuLlEZPu-00026-00034465-00034675 are yours?
-10kuLlEZPu-00027-00034675-00034849 Leave them in the comments below.
-10kuLlEZPu-00028-00034849-00035149 Please share this video for education and awareness.
-10kuLlEZPu-00029-00035149-00035373 For the Dum Dum news channel, I’m Dum Dum.
-2ja53JDt3M-00000-00000413-00000444 hi
-2ja53JDt3M-00001-00000444-00000760 I'm princess Leia. I'm here to tell you about this book
-2ja53JDt3M-00002-00000760-00001180 "Vader's Little Princess." I like this book because it shows you that
-2ja53JDt3M-00003-00001180-00001652 even if your dad is Darth Vader, <Embrace the dark side>> everybody goes through the same kinds of situations.
-2ja53JDt3M-00004-00001652-00002211 From having your dad object to your clothing, to battling a messy room, whether you're
-2ja53JDt3M-00005-00002211-00002655 me, princess Leia, <Oh my God You're so Embarassing!> or an average teenager
-2ja53JDt3M-00006-00002655-00002999 you understand the stuff I go through to put up with my dad <hee hee hee!>
-2ja53JDt3M-00007-00002999-00003451 and you might see how I love him too. My favourite sketch in the book is this one.
-2ja53JDt3M-00008-00003451-00003832 because it shows the awkwardness of having your boyfriend meet your dad, but then makes you feel
-2ja53JDt3M-00009-00003832-00004194 a bit relieved <Gulp!> that at least bringing your boyfriend home isn't as awkward as if Darth Vader
-2ja53JDt3M-00010-00004194-00004618 were actually your dad. I hope you like this book as much as I did!
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00000-00000265-00000760 >> JASON: Hi, everyone. I'm Jason Clark. I'm a professor at Montana State University
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00001-00000760-00001352 in the library. I'm going to talk a bit more about a particular set of research where we're
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00002-00001352-00001880 trying to think about how do you turn algorithmic experiences into forms of data.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00003-00002136-00002600 So, as far as what's ahead, I'm going to provide a little context for where this research started.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00004-00002904-00003664 The bits of that research that are kind of unfinished to me. I'm going to show parts
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00005-00003664-00004408 of where the next cycle of this research is going. As we started this research,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00006-00004408-00004976 we were thinking through how do you teach algorithms and teach to all audiences,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00007-00005064-00005784 from citizens at a land grant university, Montana citizens, students, researchers.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00008-00005888-00006631 How do you build an audience and teach these complex ideas to all levels of learning?
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00009-00006880-00007184 In this particular session, I'm going to talk a bit more about
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00010-00007240-00007768 algorithmic user experience. Then I'll pull through a potential auditing
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00011-00007768-00008456 technique and talk about research implications. The initial research was founded by the IMLS. For
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00012-00008456-00009040 us, that's our primary granting agency. It's the Institute of Museum and Library Services.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00013-00009264-00010064 The grant was really about looking at particular forms of algorithmic user experience.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00014-00010552-00011288 A teaching moment with algorithms is where we started. We found ways to document what are
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00015-00011288-00011856 the first principles of an algorithm, how does a weighted graphic work in Facebook,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00016-00011936-00012888 hypothetically, then we would talk in workshops or in teaching settings and write pseudocode to
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00017-00012888-00013528 just kind of get people thinking in the code mind‑set, about how when you make decisions
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00018-00013584-00014263 with a program, what that means. This work was focused on the pedagogy of
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00019-00014263-00015472 the algorithm. This is just introducing a broad concept, giving people a chance to see how it
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00020-00015536-00016288 impact the material we did exercises with, digital red lining, decisions we make,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00021-00016288-00017224 decisions insurance companies might make. There's a lot of ways into this teaching space. But
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00022-00017296-00018216 there was a component of this research that was always a little‑‑ it felt unanswered to me. There
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00023-00018216-00019048 are these experiences that we have, whether it's in TikTok, whether it's in YouTube, on Instagram,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00024-00019160-00019784 primarily in social media is what I was thinking initially, where we're not really able to
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00025-00019968-00021192 understand what exactly‑‑ how those algorithms actually might manifest as a data point or as a
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00026-00021192-00022384 dataset. What I was struggling with is how do you start to quantify something like an
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00027-00022384-00023256 algorithmic user experience, like an idea of the timeline in Facebook or even the Twitter timeline.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00028-00023568-00024000 I wanted to start to answer what if these things were a little more visible or if
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00029-00024000-00024696 we came up with a set of pattern recognition where we could actually say, okay, we captured
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00030-00024784-00025256 a form of that user experience and encoded it as a kind of dataset.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00031-00025680-00026295 In that initial research, we were able to kind of pull apart all kinds of experiences of algorithms.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00032-00026424-00026904 If you think about the top one here, masking, this one is a little harder to quantify.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00033-00027072-00027720 This demo I'm going to show doesn't really talk about this, but the idea of masks,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00034-00027968-00028695 the filters we can put on ourselves inside of TikTok or Instagram. That's a form of an
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00035-00028695-00029583 algorithmic user experience. Lawyer Cat is the sort of impact of algorithmic user experience.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00036-00029848-00030416 Again, how would you start to capture that experience as a data point?
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00037-00030792-00031432 We don't have to go far. This is last week on Capitol Hill for those us in the United States,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00038-00031512-00032120 in Washington, D.C. A hearing related to how algorithms were working
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00039-00032248-00032512 in social media. What was interesting about
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00040-00032512-00033200 this particular meeting or hearing was that there were policymakers and policy
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00041-00033304-00034064 analysts and academics talking about the role or the place of algorithms in these environments.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00042-00034416-00035000 For this initial cycle, as the end of that first cycle of research was coming about,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00043-00035088-00035504 a group of us that were still on the end of that grant and our partners‑‑
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00044-00036096-00036792 these were undergrads that kind of worked throughout the project to
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00045-00036888-00037296 just answer some of the questions that we were talking through the first part, about
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00046-00037472-00037984 the kinds of ways you might teach or introduce these concepts.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00047-00038144-00038848 But one of the things we all settled on was an idea of the YouTube recommendation algorithm.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00048-00039032-00040016 This is a little dated. It's from 2018, but the principle of it does still stand. A lot of the
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00049-00040016-00040784 way people are kept and moved through the YouTube ecosystem is through this recommendation engine.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00050-00040840-00041304 That seemed like a particular proof of concept for parts of this project.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00051-00041920-00042864 This is a screenshot of a query for algebra. I'm the actual profile that it is using right now.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00052-00043032-00043864 If you look on the left, it is quickly moving me from the query about algebra to various‑‑
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00053-00044256-00044872 what we classified as out‑of‑scope recommendations. This was a way for
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00054-00044872-00046096 us to balance and analyze the algorithm, but it is instructive because it shows how quickly it moves
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00055-00046304-00047248 to personalization. I'm not interested in lumber prices, but there it was.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00056-00047576-00048208 This case study really was about how would you begin to audit this experience.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00057-00048488-00049544 I mentioned the undergrads before. Before I leave this slide, the thing we started with,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00058-00049544-00050424 we wanted to try to use the API to kind of see how recommendations were happening for particular
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00059-00050808-00051760 videos and subject topics. But we realized that without the simulation‑‑ I'm going to talk about
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00060-00051760-00052304 this in a second as far as the processes you should follow, if you want to start to do this.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00061-00053024-00053904 The Pew Research YouTube recommendation algorithm study used only the API. There's a real limitation
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00062-00053904-00054872 there because without the personalization and the browser experience, you don't fall into
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00063-00054872-00055608 these rabbit holes that you see, like in this example. It's trying to pull you out of scope.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00064-00055928-00056200 The first thing we had to do was think through how do you
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00065-00056200-00057079 simulate a user. This was creating a user agent and particularly moving to web scraping and API
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00066-00057176-00058000 data mining. That's the first step. One of the goals of this session is to kind of introduce
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00067-00058120-00058944 how you might start to do this. Again, we're at the early cycles of this. Step one is move away
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00068-00058944-00059696 from‑‑ even though those APIs are available, whether it is TikTok or Instagram or YouTube,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00069-00059696-00060496 you're not going to get the ability to understand actual algorithmic user experience or
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00070-00060591-00061232 record it more importantly without using first simulating a user and a user profile.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00071-00061560-00062479 Step two is actually taking what you see on that page, identifying the initial
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00072-00062624-00063088 video, and then moving to understand and classify the recommendations on the
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00073-00063279-00064320 right side of your screen right now. There were certain signals or tells
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00074-00064320-00064920 in the recommendations that we used to start to classify good recommendations
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00075-00064920-00065496 or out‑of‑scope recommendations or bad recommendations, so things like all caps.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00076-00066000-00066656 All caps within a title. If a video is screaming at you, there are chances that the quality wasn't
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00077-00066656-00067384 as good. It might be pulling you out of scope from your original kind of intentional query.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00078-00067904-00068528 We could watch for hyperlinks in the actual description because those tended to‑‑ in terms
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00079-00068528-00069384 of quality, those tended to be spammier videos and ways that we could grade or evaluate the actual
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00080-00069504-00070104 video itself. And then anytime we moved‑‑ we were able to have an original query intent
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00081-00070176-00070744 to understand it and then note when the subject was moving out of scope.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00082-00071096-00072336 Finally, regardless of where the analysis ended up, the last thing that was necessary was a way to
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00083-00072336-00073192 capture and record what was there. That's step three for us. For anybody thinking routinely
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00084-00073256-00073896 about this kind of work, package that dataset for reuse.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00085-00074496-00074896 I know this is a data focus group. You'll inherently notice
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00086-00074976-00075568 or I would imagine you would notice that web scraping and harvesting can be very brittle.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00087-00075760-00076464 A frontend design can change pretty quickly. The harvest of the title of the video is now
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00088-00076464-00077208 in a different set of tags and your script isn't working. Another reason to pull that together and
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00089-00077208-00077816 make the recording of what the algorithmic user experience was at that particular date and time.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00090-00077816-00078872 >> Jumping in to give you a five‑minute warning. We're going to go a couple minutes
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00091-00078872-00079240 over since we had a slow start. >> JASON: No worries. Thank you.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00092-00080080-00080848 The one thing that really helped us was this way to package a source of research data with
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00093-00080952-00081896 the metadata. This is the RO‑crate metadata specification. If you're not aware of it,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00094-00081896-00082720 it's a really useful tool. You can put a manifest together and embed procedures so it has behavioral
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00095-00082720-00083464 metadata. How you would run analysis on a particular dataset as well as the dataset itself.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00096-00083712-00084640 Stepping back, when you think about this work‑‑ again, we're at early cycles. I think we're ready
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00097-00084640-00085200 to think a little bit more about further fellowships or different kinds of ways of
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00098-00085272-00085488 facilitating this kind of inquiry.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00099-00085704-00086200 It's about finding that user agent and profile, mapping out your harvesting data points,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00100-00086200-00086520 collecting and analyzing the data, and then encoding those results.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00101-00086968-00087384 If there's one thing I want us to start thinking or taking away, is how do we
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00102-00087488-00088744 identify and record algorithms as a form of data, as datasets. The ghost that was left from that
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00103-00088744-00089304 last bit‑‑ the first part of the research was how do we move behind naming and identifying
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00104-00089408-00089816 a user algorithmic experience to quantifying it.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00105-00090104-00090776 A couple of notes. There's a code repository here. All of the work of the research is there.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00106-00090776-00091448 There's the auditing tool and the various parts of the script. There's a small app
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00107-00091448-00091960 that does some transparency work where you can actually run a search user experience and
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00108-00092200-00093032 look at what's happening behind the scenes. >> Fantastic. Oh, sorry. You go ahead.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00109-00093032-00093464 >> JASON: That's okay. Just wanted to call out three people. Laurie
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00110-00094464-00094952 and Safiya Noble, and this group, The Markup, which is a new nonprofit newsroom
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00111-00094952-00095656 that's doing a lot of this work about how do you not only report but create data
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00112-00095656-00096328 and analyze our technologies. Thanks. >> Awesome. Thank you so much. That was
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00113-00096328-00096944 really fascinating. We've got maybe two minutes for questions,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00114-00096944-00097416 and we have two questions in the chat, so let's go ahead and chat about them.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00115-00097552-00098176 First, Megan asks, does algorithm equal user agent? In other words,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00116-00098176-00098912 are you using algorithms to measure an algorithm? >> JASON: (Laughter), that is so meta. I love it.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00117-00098912-00099424 >> It's much like the view people are getting right now.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00118-00099424-00100848 >> JASON: I guess I wouldn't say user agent is an algorithm, but certainly the work
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00119-00101200-00101832 of creating that profile or of identifying that profile is something that feels
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00120-00101920-00102384 algorithmic, I suppose. It's okay, Megan. >> That's good. That's good.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00121-00102384-00102928 >> JASON: No apologies. >> We have one more question from
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00122-00102928-00103432 Nikki, who asks, did you do anything like survival analysis with the recommendations,
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00123-00103432-00104088 i.e., survival time to the rabbit hole? >> JASON: No. That's a great‑‑ parts of
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00124-00104088-00104816 that analysis‑‑ it was very binary, like is this a good one, is this a bad one. We just wanted to
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00125-00104816-00105672 get a start, but I feel like there's so much more as far as the metrics and putting it into
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00126-00105672-00106600 a pandas data frame. I work in Python. Building out a couple new fields to kind of qualify the
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00127-00107264-00107808 analysis of the algorithm itself‑‑ I'm flashing back to the web scraper. We pulled the
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00128-00107880-00108535 duration of the video just to see how long things were, if that could be an indicator.
-6zP8y4Jdfo-00129-00108911-00109376 Plenty more work to be done. I'm excited to keep kind of asking this question.
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-rnUt7c3Ntg-00000-00001562-00002359 I think that academic staff should be mindful, and I'm saying should, be (how shall I say?),
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00001-00002359-00002891 facilitated to be mindful that mature-age students have their own particular needs.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00002-00002891-00003109 We're not children, we have a lot of experience.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00003-00003109-00003622 Some of us are graduates and postgraduate and whatnot and we somehow have to do some
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00004-00003622-00004256 of those undergraduate units again and therefore we have to fit into the student body and I
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00005-00004256-00004892 think, to be mindful of them and to, of us, and to cater for our needs but also to be
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00006-00004892-00005448 mindful that there are some, as I've had one in last year, who try to dominate all the
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00007-00005448-00006030 time and argue with the lecturer and somehow curtail that because it's depriving the brand
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00008-00006030-00006173 new students that come out of school.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00009-00006173-00006948 I didn't take a high profile in tutorials and I encouraged the young ones to speak.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00010-00006948-00007640 So I think somehow as an academic, perhaps if you could balance it out and encourage
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00011-00007640-00008348 those who have less experience and perhaps those who want to take over, mature-age students,
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00012-00008348-00009379 to cater for them but also to say, well, you know, other people, you know, need to be approached,
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00013-00009379-00010000 but to be aware that in this day and age, there are so many, there's a preponderance
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00014-00010000-00010360 of mature-age students coming into universities, and they have every right to be here too.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00015-00010360-00010760 I know a lot of young people sort of begrudge the fact that, "What are you doing here?"
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00016-00010760-00010860 you know?
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00017-00010860-00011160 "You should be dead or you should be retired."
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00018-00011160-00011427 A lot of people sort of come up to me and say, "Oh, professor," you know and I sort
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00019-00011427-00012292 of laugh at that but they don't know how to approach me so I think maybe the lecturers
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00020-00012292-00012500 could do something to ease that situation.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00021-00012500-00012690 It's a very real situation.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00022-00012690-00013219 I had about three or four or five mature-age students and we all sort of sat together,
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00023-00013219-00013703 you know, although I did make a lot of approaches to younger people and encouraged them to have
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00024-00013703-00014126 conversations, have coffee together and things but not all mature-age students can do that,
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00025-00014126-00014884 especially men sort of in their 50s and 60s, a lot of men, I'm saying, who haven't had
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00026-00014884-00015054 the university experience before.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00027-00015054-00015154 Thank you.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00028-00015154-00016005 I'd say from the outset, be clear, concise and (ah, don't do that), be clear, concise
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00029-00016005-00016545 and ensure that students know what's expected of them in lectures, tutorials and assessment
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00030-00016545-00017204 tasks, not only by sort of stating what needs to be done but reference where that information
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00031-00017204-00017812 can be found, so in your first lecture, pull out the unit guide and go, right, so, "On
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00032-00017812-00018406 page 3, these are your assessment tasks, these are what they are worth and this is what you
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00033-00018406-00018756 need to do in order to get good marks."
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00034-00018756-00019301 And as long as they know that, then when they turn around and go, "Oh, I didn't know it
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00035-00019301-00019867 was due this week," you can go, "But if you went back to the first lecture, I said that
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00036-00019867-00020451 it was due here, I said exactly where to find the information and you really should have
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00037-00020451-00021112 no excuse for not going onto iLecture and listening to that because you didn't show
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00038-00021112-00021212 up."
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00039-00021212-00021934 Just one very quick point that a lot of us mature-age students haven't got a clue about
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00040-00021934-00022091 computers and it's a very steep learning curve and a lot of academic staff that I've come
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00041-00022091-00022834 across sort of aren't aware of that and somehow, you should be conversant and it's quite a
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00042-00022834-00022934 nightmare.
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00043-00022934-00023292 I dropped out of Macquarie University four years ago because of the computer but I came
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00044-00023292-00023651 back with a vengeance, but there are people like that that, you know, I'd probably like
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00045-00023651-00024959 to see that you could be very mindful of and perhaps encourage and not treat them like
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00046-00024959-00025059 idiots because they're asking a question, "How do I do this?" or "How do I do that?"
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00047-00025059-00025278 I think the most important thing, like thinking back about all the units and especially all
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00048-00025278-00026116 the tutors that I've really enjoyed working with or, yeah, working in their classes, was
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00049-00026116-00026570 their, like the common thread was that they were all really approachable, they were all
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00050-00026570-00027060 really friendly and they all tried to get to know a little bit about their students,
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00051-00027060-00027652 so, asking them also questions about other stuff that wasn't strictly uni-related, like
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00052-00027652-00028100 where are you working, like that kind of stuff and also, giving a little bit about themselves
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00053-00028100-00028714 away as well, like not just "I'm your lecturer, I'm," you know, "boxed up in a little world,
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00054-00028714-00029289 but you know, I'm actually a person as well," and just to talk about, like I learnt a lot
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00055-00029289-00030058 about some of my tutors, like where they were from and, yeah, even what uni they have studied
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00056-00030058-00030650 at and stuff like that which just helps make them more approachable, more human and, yeah,
-rnUt7c3Ntg-00057-00030650-00031777 just me, kind of more happy to, yeah, be in their class, I guess.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00000-00001097-00001646 >>As Jeremy said the idea really came as a result of a series of blog posts
-rzspJvpGQ8-00001-00001646-00002240 that Michael Stewart Foley wrote about these kind of, I guess we might call them
-rzspJvpGQ8-00002-00002240-00003059 private archives of punk ephemera and cassettes of, recordings video and audio
-rzspJvpGQ8-00003-00003059-00003503 of shows and all kinds of things that are still held in people's basements and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00004-00003503-00004214 in houses and all all kinds of places and I wondered about how institutions
-rzspJvpGQ8-00005-00004214-00004679 like the University here, the Special Collections or other institutions, how
-rzspJvpGQ8-00006-00004679-00005132 they handled or were interested. I knew that there were some collections out
-rzspJvpGQ8-00007-00005132-00005666 there like at the Fales and at Yale and some other places and I was just kind of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00008-00005666-00006356 curious about, you know, the process of collecting and documenting and there's a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00009-00006356-00006982 been in the recent past a series of texts, books written a lot of them are
-rzspJvpGQ8-00010-00006982-00007250 oral histories, a lot of them are anecdotal, but they're increasingly
-rzspJvpGQ8-00011-00007250-00007865 becoming more historical I guess we could say. And so I was just kind of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00012-00007865-00008201 interested in a whole series of questions surrounding that and I went to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00013-00008201-00008657 Rob Cox,  the director of the archives and he steered me to Jeremy and then
-rzspJvpGQ8-00014-00008657-00009149 together with some other folks here we kind of dreamed up this kind of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00015-00009149-00009800 colloquium. So I hope everyone enjoys them, enjoys the event and gains something
-rzspJvpGQ8-00016-00009800-00010270 out of it. So I think with that we might just start.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00017-00010270-00010517 >>Um can you guys hear me? Okay.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00018-00010517-00011072 So I'm Lisa Darms. I am the senior archivist at NYU's Fales Library & Special Collections,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00019-00011096-00011444 and also founder of the Fales Riot Grrrl collection.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00020-00011444-00012026 And generally, Fales is the Special Collections for arts and humanities at NYU with special
-rzspJvpGQ8-00021-00012026-00012494 areas of collecting, a couple of which intersect with punk. The first is the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00022-00012494-00012922 Downtown collection, and I'm just going to kind of go through images sort of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00023-00012922-00013441 randomly, but the Downtown collection started by our director over 22 years
-rzspJvpGQ8-00024-00013441-00014019 ago seeks to document the downtown New York art scene of the 70s 80s and 90s.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00025-00014019-00014409 Encompassing performance art, experimental theater, postmodern dance,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00026-00014409-00015156 poetry, paintings, No wave cinema and cinema of transgression, experimental
-rzspJvpGQ8-00027-00015156-00015580 music, punk, and more. Innately cross-disciplinary the collection is
-rzspJvpGQ8-00028-00015580-00015951 made up of over 200 archives of individual artists, writers, and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00029-00015951-00016401 performers as well as collectives, theater groups, and artist run spaces.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00030-00016401-00016945 These include, and this is just a tiny sampling, the archives of David Wojnarowicz,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00031-00016945-00017563 Jimmy De Sana, Dorothy Dean, Linda Montano, Martin Wong, Martha Wilson, Nick Zedd,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00032-00017563-00018045 Semiotext, Fashion Moda, Guerrilla Girls, Artists Space, Group Material, Epoxy group,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00033-00018045-00018645 and that's just like a few. So just in terms of a quick overview it's always
-rzspJvpGQ8-00034-00018645-00019170 really important to me to show material even though this is just a facsimile.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00035-00019170-00019707 Early materials from Judson Dance Theater which we think of as influential
-rzspJvpGQ8-00036-00019708-00020372 on the downtown scene. So Carolee Schneemann, Martha Wilson, and schizo culture,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00037-00020372-00021008 which was really a seminal or germinal I like to say, event from Semiotext.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00038-00021008-00021454 A Nick Zedd thing and photograph by Jimmy De Sana.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00039-00021544-00022107 Nelson Sullivan who probably most of you have not heard of but who documented his entire life in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00040-00022108-00022660 scene on video in the 80s when that was a really hard thing to do.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00041-00022660-00023295 Linda Montana, Montano whose papers we have you may know her as the person who spent a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00042-00023296-00023830 year roped to Tehching Hseih in New York as an art live performance,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00043-00023830-00024768 and David Wojnarowicz who I, I'm so proud to be the archivist for and some materials from his archive.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00044-00024890-00025438 And this is from a leather jacket worn by Abram Finkelstein so this
-rzspJvpGQ8-00045-00025438-00025882 is the way, an example of one of the ways that Downtown has a certain collecting
-rzspJvpGQ8-00046-00025882-00026259 area but we become strong in certain ways almost accidentally so we're very,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00047-00026259-00026881 very strong and AIDS activism that's because it's from the 80's and many of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00048-00026881-00027220 the artists were very active in AIDS activism and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00049-00027220-00027652 sadly some of the collections that we received were be- because people died as
-rzspJvpGQ8-00050-00027652-00028456 victims of that epidemic. And of course we have more explicitly punk collections.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00051-00028456-00028981 While the collection is not conceived of as punk collection it is filled with
-rzspJvpGQ8-00052-00028981-00029387 punk materials from individual collections like Richard Hell's papers
-rzspJvpGQ8-00053-00029387-00029972 and the videos of the GoNightclubbing collection to flyers, zines, photos, and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00054-00029972-00030562 documentation of performances throughout individuals personal papers.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00055-00030610-00031238 On to Riot Grrrl, so in 2009 I founded the Riot Grrrl collection inspired in part by the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00056-00031238-00031675 Downtown collection, the Downtown, or, the collection seeks to document the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00057-00031675-00032177 feminist, queer, punk, youth movement of the 1990's with an explicit agenda to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00058-00032177-00032699 combat the erasure of and dumbing down a feminist activism and to make sure the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00059-00032699-00033114 histories of Riot Grrrl and its allies and critics are preserved.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00060-00033176-00033590 It currently consists of about 25 archives from individuals and I'm going to read every
-rzspJvpGQ8-00061-00033590-00034148 single one of them. Mark Anderson and Positive Force DC, Becca Albee,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00062-00034148-00034756 Ramdasha Bikceem sitting right here, Tammy Rae Carland, Teresa Carmody, Kathryn Diehl,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00063-00034756-00035260 Johanna Fateman, Zan Gibbs, Kathleen Hanna, Sheila Heti, Elena Humphreys,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00064-00035260-00035846 Milly Itzhak, Kelly Marie Martin, Mr. Lady Archive, Molly Neuman, Mimi Thi Nguyen and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00065-00035846-00036502 the People of Color Zine Project, Outpunk, Yan Sham-Shackleton, Laura Splan and Lucy Than.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00066-00036586-00037156 The collection is over one hundred boxes and while comprising less than one
-rzspJvpGQ8-00067-00037157-00037562 percent of our physical holdings and representing about five percent of my
-rzspJvpGQ8-00068-00037562-00038012 actual work duties, is used by fifteen percent of Fales researchers so that's a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00069-00038012-00038555 lot of percentages but I think they're pretty great. I also published a book
-rzspJvpGQ8-00070-00038555-00038987 from, with the Feminist Press, which I see is here which is really great, of over
-rzspJvpGQ8-00071-00038987-00039403 350 images from the collection and that was an attempt to make the collection
-rzspJvpGQ8-00072-00039403-00040232 accessible in other ways. So just a quick overview, this is Kathleen Hanna's
-rzspJvpGQ8-00073-00040232-00040574 collection when it came to us, so before we moved it into
-rzspJvpGQ8-00074-00040574-00041224 archival folders and labeled everything nicely but it's quite beautiful.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00075-00041224-00041888 A couple of documents, a page from the first issue of Donna Dresch's Chainsaw which I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00076-00041888-00042347 actually use a lot in my teaching as a starting point for Riot Grrrl because
-rzspJvpGQ8-00077-00042347-00043244 she talks about this feeling of punk not satisfying or representing the true
-rzspJvpGQ8-00078-00043244-00043763 freaks at this point in late 80's and how we need a real underground and I see
-rzspJvpGQ8-00079-00043763-00044290 that as kind of a genesis for Riot Grrrl even though it wasn't, you know, over.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00080-00044290-00044791 Early radical zines, this is a new, a new thing that came in was an actual sign
-rzspJvpGQ8-00081-00044791-00045184 from Riot Grrrl meetings which is great because I always say the three ways that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00082-00045184-00045742 Riot Grrrl kind of disseminated itself was bands, zines and meetings.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00083-00045742-00046190 The music and the zines are super well documented but the meetings are not documented at
-rzspJvpGQ8-00084-00046190-00046544 all because there were intimate spaces, they were safe spaces, obviously you
-rzspJvpGQ8-00085-00046544-00046874 weren't going to take notes or photograph anyone so it's really hard to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00086-00046874-00047206 represent that history, history through an archive.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00087-00047262-00047569 Um more zines, there's Dasha's zine
-rzspJvpGQ8-00088-00047569-00048178 Gunk #4, which I have to say is one of my favorite, it's in the collection.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00089-00048178-00048818 More zines, some flyers, but my point is actually as I'm showing all these zines
-rzspJvpGQ8-00090-00048818-00049163 is that the collection is really not a zine collection it really is an archival
-rzspJvpGQ8-00091-00049163-00049669 collection built on an archival model so that each individual's collecting based
-rzspJvpGQ8-00092-00049669-00050063 on the the things that they were doing so if they were zinester they would
-rzspJvpGQ8-00093-00050063-00050416 have zines, but they'd also have the masters for their zines so for here, for
-rzspJvpGQ8-00094-00050416-00050834 example this is Johanna Fateman Artaud-Mania. We have the finished zines but we
-rzspJvpGQ8-00095-00050834-00051239 also have the artwork that she made for the zines. In addition there might be
-rzspJvpGQ8-00096-00051239-00052072 documentation of performance, dropped lyrics, photographs, letters which I think
-rzspJvpGQ8-00097-00052072-00052463 is often the best part of an archive although with donors this young they're
-rzspJvpGQ8-00098-00052463-00052964 sometimes reluctant to donate letters. Can you guys actually read this letter
-rzspJvpGQ8-00099-00052964-00053844 from back there? I can't on my screen, but this is a great, this is the collection
-rzspJvpGQ8-00100-00053844-00054264 that ended up at Positive Force House in DC and had been in a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00101-00054264-00054864 filing cabinet for 20 years and turned out to be possibly thousands of letters sent to them.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00102-00055050-00055533 And then sort of this slide is supposed to represent the mishmash of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00103-00055533-00056151 things, so cassette tapes, oddities, we have a skateboard, we have the dress that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00104-00056151-00056652 was on the cover of Pussy Whipped. So you know an archive is very diverse some of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00105-00056652-00057132 you are archivists and know that but and this is, is much more than a zine library
-rzspJvpGQ8-00106-00057132-00057570 not that there's anything wrong with zine libraries, they're great.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00107-00057729-00058129 Actually I'm going to leave this slide here for a minute so this is where I move on to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00108-00058130-00058569 some questions and worries, we've been asked as presenters to not get bogged
-rzspJvpGQ8-00109-00058569-00059033 down in definitions of punk and I'm not going to do that but I do have to pose
-rzspJvpGQ8-00110-00059033-00059583 the question is the Riot Grrrl collection primarily a punk collection. Don't get me
-rzspJvpGQ8-00111-00059583-00060189 wrong, I unequivocally insist that Riot Grrrl was a punk movement and I insist on
-rzspJvpGQ8-00112-00060189-00060576 stressing the importance of the genesis of Riot Grrrl as a reaction against the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00113-00060576-00061104 failures of many punk scenes in the late 80's to provide a radical, inclusive space
-rzspJvpGQ8-00114-00061104-00061610 for anyone but straight, white boys and I say that also from personal experience.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00115-00061610-00062073 But taking the cue from the researchers who use the collection, the classes who
-rzspJvpGQ8-00116-00062073-00062570 come in for sessions with material, and the way journalists and others want to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00117-00062570-00063045 speak about the collection it's clear that for others the collection can be
-rzspJvpGQ8-00118-00063045-00063525 conceived of in dozens of ways other than just punk. As primarily queer,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00119-00063525-00064095 feminist activist in terms of body politics, fashion, aesthetics, experimental
-rzspJvpGQ8-00120-00064095-00064650 literature, performance, avant-garde art practices, publishing craft, and over and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00121-00064650-00065202 over again just the zines, as a youth movement, as a neoliberal movement, as a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00122-00065202-00065697 group of misguided middle-class white girls, and confusingly to me as part of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00123-00065697-00066132 the study of popular culture, which many people have come to me to say I work on
-rzspJvpGQ8-00124-00066132-00066474 popular culture and I'd like to work on your collection and my thought is always
-rzspJvpGQ8-00125-00066474-00067036 but this is unpopular culture. But the issue of definitions is also
-rzspJvpGQ8-00126-00067036-00067519 crucial to collecting in general both of my collections have detailed collection
-rzspJvpGQ8-00127-00067519-00067903 development policies which attempt to outline and define what it is we collect
-rzspJvpGQ8-00128-00067903-00068329 and what it is we don't. Without these guidelines, archival collections can
-rzspJvpGQ8-00129-00068329-00068846 become diffuse, devoid of context, and meaningless as well as impossibly large.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00130-00068906-00069414 And yet both Downtown and Riot Grrrl are difficult to define. Does Downtown, I got
-rzspJvpGQ8-00131-00069415-00069943 to do air quotes, even exist? We can certainly insist that it was a scene
-rzspJvpGQ8-00132-00069943-00070348 rather than Riot Grrrl which was a movement and that makes it a bit looser,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00133-00070348-00070825 but Downtown is really merely a convenient term because we are human and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00134-00070825-00071239 need language to express ideas, used to encompass a loose set of creative
-rzspJvpGQ8-00135-00071239-00071608 activities in a loosely defined geographical area and time.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00136-00071652-00072172 And yet despite the porousness of the term it still managed to exclude. As it is today
-rzspJvpGQ8-00137-00072172-00072716 the collection is too white to accurately document New York in the 1970's and 80's.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00138-00072716-00073207 And the designation can feel untrue or misguided even to those
-rzspJvpGQ8-00139-00073207-00073621 who are willingly represented by it and so I think of seeing Gary Indiana who's
-rzspJvpGQ8-00140-00073621-00074218 papers we have, recently at a reading refer to Downtown as "necrophile bullshit,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00141-00074218-00074648 sentimental crap," which I kind of agreed with.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00142-00074648-00075328 Similarly while Riot Grrrl means different things to different people and while my goal, entire goal in creating
-rzspJvpGQ8-00143-00075328-00075679 the collection was to make its history as complex and even contradictory as
-rzspJvpGQ8-00144-00075679-00076084 possible I still need to be able to define it, what it is I am doing.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00145-00076218-00076786 So this slide is actually a funny thing that happened. When we received this
-rzspJvpGQ8-00146-00076786-00077479 collection from Mark Anderson from the Positive Force House in DC I had my
-rzspJvpGQ8-00147-00077479-00077935 student staff sort of sort the letters alphabetically, put them in a box, and then
-rzspJvpGQ8-00148-00077935-00078343 take them to the department that will process it. When I brought it into that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00149-00078343-00078745 department someone picked up a piece of paper and said, oh this one looks cool,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00150-00078745-00079136 and she handed it to me I turned it over I said, this is from me.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00151-00079316-00080036 So of all the letters in there this one was loose and happened to be from me in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00152-00080037-00080547 1992 while I lived in British Columbia sent to Riot Grrrl, whatever, whoever I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00153-00080547-00081120 thought that was at the time. So, um you know I think it's a good way to segue into
-rzspJvpGQ8-00154-00081120-00081512 talking more about myself maybe because that's what we do.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00155-00081706-00082172 I think the issue of def-, definitions also extends to how I define myself in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00156-00082173-00082755 relation to the collections. Punk is the most definitive aspect of my life. I went
-rzspJvpGQ8-00157-00082755-00083144 to my first show in the early 80's when I was thirteen in Victoria, British Columbia
-rzspJvpGQ8-00158-00083144-00083694 where my local bands were Dayglo Abortions, DOA, and Nomeansno. I had the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00159-00083694-00084090 accidental good fortune to move to Olympia in 1989 where I was initially
-rzspJvpGQ8-00160-00084090-00084537 mystified by the earnestness of the Love Rock Revolution and where I lived
-rzspJvpGQ8-00161-00084537-00084966 on and off until 2001 when I was an organizer of Ladyfest.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00162-00085058-00085583 Yet I've never had a desire to historicize punk or to make it palatable for others.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00163-00085583-00085998 For better or worse, for the entirety of my teens and into my 30's no one outside of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00164-00085998-00086370 my subculture mattered or even really existed for me.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00165-00086478-00086966 I went years without watching TV or having an awareness of mainstream politics outside of the wars
-rzspJvpGQ8-00166-00086967-00087420 and my anti-war activism. My primary mindset through much of that time can be
-rzspJvpGQ8-00167-00087420-00087800 expressed in the Bikini Kill lyrics "Don't Need You."
-rzspJvpGQ8-00168-00087800-00088408 But now part of my job is preserving and interpreting punk for a largely mainstream audience.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00169-00088508-00089033 I absolutely believe in my collection and its total need to exist, its ability to counteract
-rzspJvpGQ8-00170-00089033-00089477 the homogenizing effect of consumer driven media, and I love that I get to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00171-00089478-00089878 use it to radicalize kids and bring people into contact with actual material culture.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00172-00089944-00090314 But at the same time I'm ambivalent about my contribution to the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00173-00090315-00090816 academization of punk. To what sometimes seems like a trend of scholars
-rzspJvpGQ8-00174-00090816-00091379 being primarily interested in their own lives, in studying people like themselves.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00175-00091448-00091796 Going back to how we define punk I'm troubled by how academic punk doesn't
-rzspJvpGQ8-00176-00091797-00092277 represent my hometown scene almost nobody from that scene in Victoria attended
-rzspJvpGQ8-00177-00092277-00092632 college or would ever have access to or interest in academia.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00178-00092632-00093170 Equally I worry about the way punk collecting plays into the market fetishization of punk documents.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00179-00093226-00093404 While library collecting has sometimes been
-rzspJvpGQ8-00180-00093405-00093758 accused of removing documents from the public I actually think it makes them
-rzspJvpGQ8-00181-00093758-00094155 more accessible since the archives I've collected have come from inside
-rzspJvpGQ8-00182-00094155-00094938 closets, under beds, and in storage units library collecting saves archives from
-rzspJvpGQ8-00183-00094938-00095310 being divvied up and sold at auction, disappearing into private collections.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00184-00095310-00095807 And yet institutional collecting also feeds that system by legitimate
-rzspJvpGQ8-00185-00095807-00096207 legitimizing areas of collecting and I worry that the collecting I do only
-rzspJvpGQ8-00186-00096207-00096713 increases the market value and collectability of punk history.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00187-00096713-00097197 And finally, I'm worrying a lot here, I worried that the documentary impulse
-rzspJvpGQ8-00188-00097197-00097722 toward punk inevitably becomes a hagiography. While there are many smart
-rzspJvpGQ8-00189-00097722-00098108 critiques of the failures of punk and Riot Grrrl in terms of race, where are the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00190-00098108-00098505 historian, the histories of addiction, poverty, and the inability of a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00191-00098505-00098934 youth-oriented subculture to support us into adulthood?
-rzspJvpGQ8-00192-00098986-00099554 And on that note of sort of the tensions between youth and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00193-00099560-00100156 retrospective collecting I give you the rest of these minor threat lyrics. Thank you.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00194-00100284-00100736 [Applause]
-rzspJvpGQ8-00195-00101522-00102058 >>I don't have a PowerPoint presentation I wish I did. Hi, my name is from Ramdasha.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00196-00102058-00103224 I'm not an archivist or don't work in a library, I did a zine called Gunk when I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00197-00103224-00103931 was a teenager and that is seemingly being referenced quite often in these
-rzspJvpGQ8-00198-00103931-00104759 books here. It was, it's kind of funny I'm 40 years old now and something I wrote
-rzspJvpGQ8-00199-00104759-00105273 when I was like fifteen, sixteen is now like circulating a lot, it's kind of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00200-00105273-00105776 embarrassing sometimes. Um it was mostly a zine I'm just going to give you a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00201-00105776-00106098 little bit background because probably none of you know who I am.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00202-00106098-00106754 It was mostly about skateboarding and feminism, it started to be more feminist as I got
-rzspJvpGQ8-00203-00106754-00107600 connected to older people in the scene but I was pretty isolated where I was.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00204-00107600-00108248 I grew up in the suburbs of New Jersey. I was mostly in a like upper,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00205-00108248-00108858 upper-middle class, white town that I was not connected to that wasn't like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00206-00108945-00109718 who I identified with, I was poor, so basically the zine that I did was just a shot in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00207-00109719-00110451 the dark kind of reaching out. I'd had an older friend who I looked up to who had
-rzspJvpGQ8-00208-00110451-00111092 lived, had moved and lived in Washington, or in Oregon and lived near Tobi Vail and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00209-00111092-00111576 Bikini Kill and that's how I ended up getting my hands on some of those zines,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00210-00111576-00112079 and that kind of spurred me to start my own but I didn't really have a big
-rzspJvpGQ8-00211-00112079-00112719 community of punks or people who wrote zines, I kind of was like on my own and then
-rzspJvpGQ8-00212-00112719-00113394 kind of gathered a little bit of a tribe doing that. Um, so it was like before the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00213-00113394-00113946 internet and all that so like what we had was, was zines and it like really
-rzspJvpGQ8-00214-00113946-00114483 helped, helped me and to feel empowered and up
-rzspJvpGQ8-00215-00114483-00114996 in a time when I didn't, I didn't feel. So I'm going to read a little bit of what I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00216-00114996-00115677 had prepared and try to like go off of that and I guess like what this some of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00217-00115677-00116195 this panel is about is how being represented, archived, and how that feels.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00218-00116195-00116658 At the time I wasn't thinking about the context in which I would be represented
-rzspJvpGQ8-00219-00116658-00117048 in the future or how that particular scene I was part in would be
-rzspJvpGQ8-00220-00117048-00117480 reflected. What I made in the beginning wasn't really associated with a movement
-rzspJvpGQ8-00221-00117480-00117849 but as time went on I connected with other zine writers and punk bands and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00222-00117849-00118334 forged connections and and we did affect the cultural climate. I mean I'm
-rzspJvpGQ8-00223-00118334-00118980 seeing that now more like I didn't, I didn't expect that you know like um and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00224-00118980-00119679 like I was saying I wrote my zine to, I was, I was isolated where I grew up was
-rzspJvpGQ8-00225-00119679-00120555 really waspy, at times traumatic experiences there and I didn't have a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00226-00120555-00120990 lot of role models around me and and any type of people that I felt like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00227-00120990-00121440 reflected any future for me. Now that there's official validation from
-rzspJvpGQ8-00228-00121440-00122019 institutions and books and documentaries I would say there's like a degree of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00229-00122019-00122703 satisfaction about it and but obviously they never tell the full story. You know
-rzspJvpGQ8-00230-00122703-00123006 like the meetings which I actually didn't really go to many Riot Grrrl
-rzspJvpGQ8-00231-00123006-00123611 meetings but you know just yeah, so it doesn't really tell that and I guess
-rzspJvpGQ8-00232-00123611-00124166 there's like a little bit of, like I think about being collected and like um
-rzspJvpGQ8-00233-00124166-00124644 like you know just students sitting in a classroom looking at zines, not actually
-rzspJvpGQ8-00234-00124644-00125142 making zines that there's a little bit of passiveness to it. You know like I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00235-00125142-00125571 guess I, I do, I don't really have a problem, I don't think I have any type of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00236-00125571-00126209 problem with that. I feel you know mostly validated by it and something that I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00237-00126209-00127032 didn't, I didn't really, I didn't ever see, see that I'd feel that super
-rzspJvpGQ8-00238-00127032-00127347 important and not that I feel important now but it
-rzspJvpGQ8-00239-00127347-00128054 is good to know that there is some kind of solidity and like in this world now
-rzspJvpGQ8-00240-00128054-00128534 to like something I participated in. What I like about the Riot Grrrl
-rzspJvpGQ8-00241-00128534-00129033 collection that Lisa did is that it's, it's accessible and I think that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00242-00129033-00129651 people can handle, can people handle the actual zines? And for the most part I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00243-00129651-00130050 feel good about what I participated in. I was pretty careful and selective to who
-rzspJvpGQ8-00244-00130050-00130773 I spoke to and I've known Lisa since my like early twenties probably and you know I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00245-00130773-00131265 feel comfortable, I felt comfortable giving the collection to you because you
-rzspJvpGQ8-00246-00131265-00131765 know you're a punk and you were part of the scene. Um, you know growing, when,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00247-00131765-00132415 initially when in the like I guess around, I don't know the dates, like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00248-00132415-00133215 probably right after 93, 94 I don't know, there was like a big media explosion of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00249-00133215-00133635 a first like wave of interest in Riot Grrrl when all the bands were playing
-rzspJvpGQ8-00250-00133635-00134453 there was a big convention in DC that my band Gunk played at and my home address
-rzspJvpGQ8-00251-00134453-00135147 was printed in USA Today and there was a lot of media attention came to us. A lot
-rzspJvpGQ8-00252-00135147-00135771 of people reporters and I don't know like Oprah Winfrey, Sally Jessy Raphael,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00253-00135771-00136229 like all these people were like calling my house when I was like and it was
-rzspJvpGQ8-00254-00136229-00136839 really crazy, and I, luckily I, I don't really regret this at all but like I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00255-00136839-00137366 remember talking to Kathleen Hanna on the phone and she was saying, she called
-rzspJvpGQ8-00256-00137366-00137929 me at home and was like hey you know a lot of us aren't talking to the media.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00257-00137929-00138390 You know she wasn't like telling me what to do but we're not talking to them
-rzspJvpGQ8-00258-00138390-00138819 because they're basically just going to make fun of us which is like what
-rzspJvpGQ8-00259-00138819-00139662 happened in a large part and I guess that's like what, I guess like part of what
-rzspJvpGQ8-00260-00139662-00140076 happens with social movements is like being co-opted of this, the fashion and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00261-00140076-00140657 the style it is a way to, when it becomes like mainstream or
-rzspJvpGQ8-00262-00140657-00141550 that, you know, like some of the value is gone or you know but I, I don't know I, I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00263-00141550-00142259 feel like um, that's sort of separate like what, like me-, like media archiving
-rzspJvpGQ8-00264-00142259-00142859 that's obviously separate but I, I do feel like, I don't know like, for myself
-rzspJvpGQ8-00265-00142859-00143411 which is like, I'm always like thinking about reinvention, reconfiguring, working
-rzspJvpGQ8-00266-00143411-00143873 with what I have we know now people are more into you know different types of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00267-00143873-00144352 media so like I'm always thinking about like what is the most, way to reach the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00268-00144352-00144770 most amount of people or what you want to do and like flipping it and not
-rzspJvpGQ8-00269-00144770-00145384 worrying about so much like either residuals if that makes any sense.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00270-00145384-00146549 Um, let me see. Um, so yeah, um, I don't know as far as being collected at NYU I don't really,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00271-00146549-00147112 I feel mostly, I feel mostly good about the collection at NYU like I had been
-rzspJvpGQ8-00272-00147112-00147821 asked a couple times by other smaller collectors that wanted to hold my zine
-rzspJvpGQ8-00273-00147821-00148240 and I think people have copies of it but I didn't give actual my, my like library
-rzspJvpGQ8-00274-00148240-00148792 of zines. I just I don't know what I was waiting for but I just didn't
-rzspJvpGQ8-00275-00148792-00149179 give it away and then when Lisa asked I was like oh this makes sense and I don't,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00276-00149179-00149609 I don't really have a, you know I went to school, I went to college, I dropped out I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00277-00149609-00150163 went to art school, I don't really have any connection to NYU it's you know, it's
-rzspJvpGQ8-00278-00150163-00150719 an expensive institution I don't have any feelings about it. I just I do think
-rzspJvpGQ8-00279-00150719-00151445 that, that it had you know there's longevity there, it's safe, and I don't I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00280-00151445-00151898 don't know whether it made sense for my, it made sense to just be hoarding my
-rzspJvpGQ8-00281-00151898-00152312 zines in my room where no one would see them. There's nothing like really punk
-rzspJvpGQ8-00282-00152312-00153185 about that so I don't know, I just feel like it's pretty hard to keep the reins
-rzspJvpGQ8-00283-00153185-00153739 on radical movements in general and I, I guess the you know the Riot Grrrl was a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00284-00153739-00154313 radical, it was a radical movement, what I was involved in was radical, and I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00285-00154313-00155254 keep trying to be radical till I die, whatever that means. And what else?
-rzspJvpGQ8-00286-00155654-00156114 yeah I don't know if I have much more to say about it that I didn't already say.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00287-00156210-00156288 Thank you.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00288-00156352-00156782 [Applause]
-rzspJvpGQ8-00289-00157204-00158116 >>I am glad to be here. Thank you all for coming. Thanks to the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00290-00158116-00158641 organizers I'm so glad to be talking with Dasha and Lisa and into the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00291-00158641-00159182 microphone. Um, I'm Sara Marcus I wrote a book called "Girls to the Front," it's on
-rzspJvpGQ8-00292-00159182-00159689 sale over there apparently or maybe it's for free, I don't know, fuck capitalism.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00293-00159689-00160373 It's there read it somehow. When I was um, my connection to collections when I was
-rzspJvpGQ8-00294-00160373-00160832 writing "Girls to the Front" the NYU archive didn't exist. There were some
-rzspJvpGQ8-00295-00160832-00161240 zine libraries in places but I was really interested in the networks in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00296-00161240-00161846 which these things were circulating and so I was, I had seen how earlier academic
-rzspJvpGQ8-00297-00161846-00162269 work on feminist zines had sort of looked at zines in isolation and kind
-rzspJvpGQ8-00298-00162269-00162896 of read them as documents and because of my history in Riot Grrrl as a young person in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00299-00162896-00163415 the 90s and my history making zines, I was really super aware of what was going
-rzspJvpGQ8-00300-00163415-00163819 to get lost if you looked at a zine in isolation of the network in which it was
-rzspJvpGQ8-00301-00163819-00164390 circulating and the relationships in which they were a kind of intellectual
-rzspJvpGQ8-00302-00164390-00164849 and creative and personal currency. That's an aspect of collecting that it
-rzspJvpGQ8-00303-00164849-00165263 seems to me that the NYU collection has done such a marvelous job of by grouping
-rzspJvpGQ8-00304-00165263-00165665 things according to the donor, according to the person whose collection the stuff
-rzspJvpGQ8-00305-00165665-00166115 was in. And so these networks I think are preserved as, I mean I haven't done a lot
-rzspJvpGQ8-00306-00166115-00166480 of research in the collection because as I say it started after the book was done
-rzspJvpGQ8-00307-00166480-00166970 and I was already thinking about other things and really really just so excited
-rzspJvpGQ8-00308-00166970-00167399 about the idea that just the profusion of more work and more
-rzspJvpGQ8-00309-00167399-00167934 thinking about Riot Grrrl that can be done now. So my collection my
-rzspJvpGQ8-00310-00167934-00168333 collecting strategy when I was working on the book or my archives were these
-rzspJvpGQ8-00311-00168333-00168678 personal archives where people's under their beds and in their attics and in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00312-00168678-00169079 their storage units and you know, I would do an interview and then they would say
-rzspJvpGQ8-00313-00169079-00169488 well can you come back to San Francisco next month when I had a chance to go to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00314-00169488-00169836 my storage unit and get the stuff out and so I would just sort of take take
-rzspJvpGQ8-00315-00169836-00170145 everything they had and spend an afternoon at Kinkos and then bring it
-rzspJvpGQ8-00316-00170145-00170511 back to them and that was my collection strategy and it was very labor intensive
-rzspJvpGQ8-00317-00170511-00171578 and everything intensive. Um and I, I'm I think that it's wonderful that these
-rzspJvpGQ8-00318-00171578-00172101 things are, you know as Lisa already made the point that institutionalization
-rzspJvpGQ8-00319-00172101-00172701 actually means more access not less and you know I'm in, I'm in an academic
-rzspJvpGQ8-00320-00172701-00173228 situation now but even before I was I could go into the door, front door of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00321-00173228-00173622 Bobst library whenever and say you know I've got some things I want to look at
-rzspJvpGQ8-00322-00173622-00173902 in the Tamiment Labor archives they just let me. And I think it's the same with
-rzspJvpGQ8-00323-00173904-00174364 Fales, you don't have to like flash a college ID to get in and up to the Fales right?
-rzspJvpGQ8-00324-00174508-00175154 Anyone can come so the,  you know, [laughing] small print applies, talk to her.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00325-00175154-00176121 But, but like you know they're the um, the over concentration of intellectual
-rzspJvpGQ8-00326-00176121-00176634 resources in, behind the closed doors of the Academy is generally a problem but
-rzspJvpGQ8-00327-00176634-00177264 that doesn't mean that the, and I think it's an injustice, yet whoever has the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00328-00177264-00177603 resources to preserve this stuff, to collect it, to keep it in you know
-rzspJvpGQ8-00329-00177603-00177972 climate controlled so that it doesn't mold or get destroyed and to keep it um
-rzspJvpGQ8-00330-00177972-00178500 accessible in perpetuity like let's have it, because the all zines that I copied
-rzspJvpGQ8-00331-00178500-00178983 when I was writing my book right now they're in plastic tubs in a non-climate
-rzspJvpGQ8-00332-00178983-00179478 controlled storage unit in Bushwick and I hope that they're okay and I hope they
-rzspJvpGQ8-00333-00179478-00179778 stay okay long enough that I can put them somewhere that can take better care
-rzspJvpGQ8-00334-00179778-00180315 of them then I have the resources or time to do. Um I don't remember what time
-rzspJvpGQ8-00335-00180315-00180568 I started talking but I think that was four minutes.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00336-00180568-00181060 Anyway so since it's a bit over ten years since I started writing "Girls to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00337-00181060-00181432 the Front" it's about ten, over ten years that people have been asking me whether
-rzspJvpGQ8-00338-00181432-00181852 it somehow contradicts the ethos of punk to write a history of it, to have a book
-rzspJvpGQ8-00339-00181852-00182239 about it, to collect its ephemera in libraries and archives, to display its
-rzspJvpGQ8-00340-00182239-00182656 history and legacies in museums as the recent traveling exhibition "Alien She"
-rzspJvpGQ8-00341-00182656-00183208 curated by Astria Suparak and Ceci Moss did. For me I see really zero internal
-rzspJvpGQ8-00342-00183208-00183595 contradiction in such activities to the point that questions about challenges or
-rzspJvpGQ8-00343-00183595-00184003 mismatches are honestly a bit of a head-scratcher for me. If punk is to be
-rzspJvpGQ8-00344-00184003-00184405 anti-establishment, quote-unquote, which is to say anti-corporate monopoly
-rzspJvpGQ8-00345-00184405-00184867 capitalism and anti the anti-democratic politics and culture that that economic
-rzspJvpGQ8-00346-00184867-00185286 system engenders, then punk also needs to be opposed to the rampant
-rzspJvpGQ8-00347-00185286-00185785 anti-intellectualism that serves the corporate overlords. And then there's a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00348-00185785-00186154 whole rant about Donald Trump that I'll just cut, but I'll just say Donald Trump
-rzspJvpGQ8-00349-00186154-00186468 is not punk and neither is any other form of know-nothing
-rzspJvpGQ8-00350-00186468-00186813 anti-intellectualism including those forms that would rather see punk
-rzspJvpGQ8-00351-00186813-00187285 incarcerated inside a relentlessly presentist burden of liveness and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00352-00187285-00187858 adolescent refusal, denying any broader ramifications for its values and denying
-rzspJvpGQ8-00353-00187858-00188418 any relevance for its history. So the idea that there might be some
-rzspJvpGQ8-00354-00188418-00188818 contradiction between Punk and history relies it seems to me on a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00355-00188818-00189361 concatenation of two competing and irreconcilable claims, first that punk
-rzspJvpGQ8-00356-00189361-00189799 means something politically and culturally as a response to an unfolding
-rzspJvpGQ8-00357-00189799-00190174 procession of present moments with a meaning that deserves to be preserved
-rzspJvpGQ8-00358-00190174-00190675 against potential threats to its integrity, that's one, and two that punk
-rzspJvpGQ8-00359-00190675-00191395 ought to not be interested in its history in any overarching way. And I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00360-00191395-00191866 think the contradiction between those should be pretty obvious but
-rzspJvpGQ8-00361-00191866-00192633 basically if, like politics doesn't happen strictly in the present it
-rzspJvpGQ8-00362-00192633-00193411 happens in an unfolding of time. So with that in mind I'm just going to offer
-rzspJvpGQ8-00363-00193411-00193874 some reflections on archives, culture, politics, and temporality that maybe
-rzspJvpGQ8-00364-00193874-00194467 can serve as, as conceptual touchstones as we go on talking today about the use
-rzspJvpGQ8-00365-00194467-00195185 and abuse of punk history for life and that's a joke on a title of Nietzsche's essay
-rzspJvpGQ8-00366-00195185-00195710 and which the "Use and Abuse of History for Life" where he's arguing that like an
-rzspJvpGQ8-00367-00195710-00196292 ocean of all encompassing universal Hegelian history is like, has a chilling
-rzspJvpGQ8-00368-00196292-00196823 effect on one's sense of agency because it feels like history it has an idea that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00369-00196823-00197297 history is just like happening in these great waves that we have no influence on.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00370-00197297-00197759 But you know history is it's practiced today especially radical history, Marxist
-rzspJvpGQ8-00371-00197759-00198170 influenced history, at least as I'm in an English department so here I am like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00372-00198170-00198704 talking at you about history, but as history, historiography filters into the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00373-00198704-00199178 world of English departments, as I understand it you know this kind of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00374-00199178-00199567 historiography aims to do exactly the opposite of chilling your sense of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00375-00199567-00199991 agency but in fact is finding and resurrecting and sketching agency
-rzspJvpGQ8-00376-00199991-00200330 wherever it can be found even and maybe especially in those periods when it
-rzspJvpGQ8-00377-00200330-00200744 seems the most endangered. Whatever increases the availability of source
-rzspJvpGQ8-00378-00200744-00201101 materials for this kind of historiographic work I say let's have
-rzspJvpGQ8-00379-00201101-00201871 more of it and so that does mean often and you know simply based on reality
-rzspJvpGQ8-00380-00201871-00202484 institutionally based archives over perhaps the more ephemeral and endangered
-rzspJvpGQ8-00381-00202484-00203114 private or community ones. If I think of all the zine libraries and and anarchist
-rzspJvpGQ8-00382-00203114-00203513 archives that I knew of when I was like touring in bands in the 90s like are any
-rzspJvpGQ8-00383-00203513-00204374 of them still around I'm not sure if any of them are and so I'm glad that that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00384-00204374-00204838 there are archives like the one that Lisa has brought into existence.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00385-00204932-00205614 I have so many other things to say about like neoliberalism and archival practices and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00386-00205614-00206234 impasses but I think I'll I think I'm actually just going to stop there and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00387-00206234-00206744 you can ask me more in the Q&A if you want but like I'll just I'll just leave
-rzspJvpGQ8-00388-00206744-00206873 it there. Thanks.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00389-00206940-00207334 [Applause]
-rzspJvpGQ8-00390-00207686-00208056 >>Yeah sure I'll start. Can everyone hear? I don't think I need a microphone is this
-rzspJvpGQ8-00391-00208056-00208830 fine? If I just shout? Yeah? Okay great. >>Do you want the mic? >>No, no keep it. Yeah, no, it's fine.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00392-00208923-00209516 I just wanted to make sure everyone can hear me. Um well I think everyone already
-rzspJvpGQ8-00393-00209516-00210348 sort of covered this, this question but I guess just in general the, your
-rzspJvpGQ8-00394-00210348-00211061 feelings on the advantages and disadvantages of institutional versus
-rzspJvpGQ8-00395-00211061-00211500 community collecting and then a second part of that question, I guess Lisa this
-rzspJvpGQ8-00396-00211500-00212048 would be more for you, is that now working in a major institution and having
-rzspJvpGQ8-00397-00212048-00212648 been part of, having been part of the communities and scenes that you're
-rzspJvpGQ8-00398-00212648-00213303 collecting has that granted you clearance or like Ramdasha, you said that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00399-00213303-00214008 you were more willing to donate your zines to NYU because you had known Lisa
-rzspJvpGQ8-00400-00214008-00214661 as part of the Riot Grrrl community, so is that sort of long and confusing? >>I'll start at the end there.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00401-00214851-00215604 Oh sorry. So yes I'm going to start with the last thing you said is, you know uh, I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00402-00215604-00216396 used to have a lot of guilt about how I'd almost felt nepotistic, the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00403-00216396-00216852 collection that I was building are non-objective or was is there some sort
-rzspJvpGQ8-00404-00216852-00217182 of conflict of interest that I'm not aware of in the fact that so many of the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00405-00217182-00217578 people I was collecting were friends and in fact, actually some of them were not
-rzspJvpGQ8-00406-00217578-00218127 friends but became friends through the process of collecting, and I had this
-rzspJvpGQ8-00407-00218127-00218546 sort of secret shame about that. But at the same time I knew it's what, it's like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00408-00218546-00219039 a feminist sort of subject knowledge right so you have book knowledge, you
-rzspJvpGQ8-00409-00219039-00219366 have school knowledge, and you have lived experience and that lived experience is
-rzspJvpGQ8-00410-00219366-00219746 what gave me the subject knowledge I needed to do the collecting and it
-rzspJvpGQ8-00411-00219746-00220319 also gave me access to the communities and people knew that I wouldn't fuck
-rzspJvpGQ8-00412-00220319-00221042 them over because of the ethics I have are punk ethics. So what's interesting I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00413-00221042-00221526 sort of came out at a zine librarian unconference where it turned out that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00414-00221526-00221894 everyone starts to feel really emphatically, that that sort of subject knowledge
-rzspJvpGQ8-00415-00221894-00222405 is required in this sort of collecting and that it's not shameful and it's
-rzspJvpGQ8-00416-00222405-00222942 basically continuous with the sort of subjectivity that I think we have as
-rzspJvpGQ8-00417-00222942-00223286 feminists. I know this is not a feminist conference but I'm turning it into one.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00418-00223286-00223892 But punk too right, I mean like it's, it can be an extension of DIY right, there's
-rzspJvpGQ8-00419-00223892-00224348 this focus on subjectivity I think. So it was really liberating to be at that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00420-00224348-00224838 zines conference and be like oh you know this is kind of the way that we do it
-rzspJvpGQ8-00421-00224838-00225473 and in a way it makes a lot of sense. But it's also hard because it makes me
-rzspJvpGQ8-00422-00225473-00226017 really protective of the collections and sometimes there's things I can't control
-rzspJvpGQ8-00423-00226017-00226437 about how they're described or how long it takes to process them and it tears me
-rzspJvpGQ8-00424-00226437-00226967 apart or how they're misinterpreted. And also something I wonder about is you
-rzspJvpGQ8-00425-00226967-00227346 know this is generally for documenting punk in institutions is this collection
-rzspJvpGQ8-00426-00227346-00227733 is so tied to me as an individual it's such a small part of my job description,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00427-00227733-00228304 if I were to ever leave this collection what would happen to it? I really don't
-rzspJvpGQ8-00428-00228304-00228823 think they're going to find another archivist who's 95% job is to also know
-rzspJvpGQ8-00429-00228823-00229360 about food studies and slave plantations in the 17th century and downtown New
-rzspJvpGQ8-00430-00229360-00229951 York and English literature and is an expert in Riot Grrrl so I, I think it's
-rzspJvpGQ8-00431-00229951-00230455 almost problematic maybe to make collections so tied up in an individual
-rzspJvpGQ8-00432-00230455-00230919 the collection will still exist and it's actually well established. And maybe I'm
-rzspJvpGQ8-00433-00230919-00231367 just over-inflating my need to interpret and put in context.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00434-00231942-00232486 >>Oh, I mean I don't have much more to say. I mean I just, like yeah I did feel more comfortable
-rzspJvpGQ8-00435-00232486-00233125 because it was Lisa and I guess my. like I mean people are still going to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00436-00233125-00233488 when you say community are you meaning just people collecting zines?
-rzspJvpGQ8-00437-00233488-00233928 Yeah I mean I think regardless of stuff that's just going to keep happening and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00438-00233928-00234456 it is you know people still have their zines and people are still making zines.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00439-00234456-00235048 I don't know so I think it doesn't, doesn't have any negative effect that I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00440-00235048-00235617 can see you know. I mean I just like I feel as like women, as like a brown
-rzspJvpGQ8-00441-00235617-00236409 person like my history is always being erased and disregarded so I feel like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00442-00236409-00237194 really grateful and proud to be collected in this way.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00443-00237767-00238389 >>So this is something Lisa and I were talking about at lunch about costs of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00444-00238389-00238755 collections. It's sort of, those of you who are archivists in the room probably
-rzspJvpGQ8-00445-00238755-00239130 know this, but it's kind of a dirty secret in archives that sometimes these
-rzspJvpGQ8-00446-00239130-00239709 collections go for lots of money and as these things become more desirable the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00447-00239709-00240210 cost of them are getting higher and higher so it's limiting the institutions
-rzspJvpGQ8-00448-00240210-00240600 that can buy them. So you know if you're Yale or Harvard or whatever you can fork
-rzspJvpGQ8-00449-00240600-00241203 over a million dollars for a few boxes of material because it's someone famous.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00450-00241203-00242052 So I'm wondering you, know how you have dealt with that issue or experience?
-rzspJvpGQ8-00451-00242052-00242298 >>Um, first off you know there's two collections that I'm talking about,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00452-00242298-00242648 for Riot Grrrl every single collection is donated and I made that decision at
-rzspJvpGQ8-00453-00242648-00242961 the beginning and it was really hard decision to make, well it wasn't because we
-rzspJvpGQ8-00454-00242961-00243615 have no money, but I don't want to perpetuate the idea that women's work is
-rzspJvpGQ8-00455-00243615-00244209 not, does not deserve to be paid for at the same time I felt that if money
-rzspJvpGQ8-00456-00244209-00244665 became involved that it would be it would sow dissension with people trying
-rzspJvpGQ8-00457-00244665-00244998 to figure out how many, how much different people got and how would you
-rzspJvpGQ8-00458-00244998-00245301 figure that out, so I just discounted it right from the beginning and people can
-rzspJvpGQ8-00459-00245301-00245691 voluntarily donate or they can not. And in some cases there's parts of their
-rzspJvpGQ8-00460-00245691-00246228 archives that they can do a charitable contribution deduction in their taxes.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00461-00246228-00246561 So in Downtown we also don't have that much money but we do sometimes acquire
-rzspJvpGQ8-00462-00246561-00247138 archives but for much, much, much less money than our competitors.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00463-00247160-00247689 But I think one of the problems with it is you know when you do divide up an archive most
-rzspJvpGQ8-00464-00247689-00248232 rich people are not going to buy an archive, they're going to buy the like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00465-00248258-00248798 Dead Boys poster or the Ramones lyric sheet or something. They don't want like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00466-00248798-00249444 your tax receipts or your whatever you know. So I think it encourages, with when
-rzspJvpGQ8-00467-00249444-00249855 things become more valuable in terms of individual archive, items in terms of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00468-00249855-00250394 aesthetics and market value it makes it harder for us to collect because people
-rzspJvpGQ8-00469-00250394-00250742 obviously want money so they're going to divide up their archives sell things
-rzspJvpGQ8-00470-00250742-00251128 individually through auction or seller rather than give us that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00471-00251128-00251614 contextualized research rich collection that we want, so that's one thought I have.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00472-00252312-00252612 Well another great thing about the Riot Grrrl collection is they're really tiny.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00473-00252612-00253019 They're from like a half manuscript case to, I think the biggest collection is
-rzspJvpGQ8-00474-00253019-00253619 maybe seven record cart, banker boxes. So they've been small enough that I have
-rzspJvpGQ8-00475-00253619-00254117 been able to get my student staff or interns to, to process them really
-rzspJvpGQ8-00476-00254117-00254508 quickly. That's not the case with our bigger collections and it's become a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00477-00254508-00254973 real problem and our backlog is growing in terms of Downtown because we don't
-rzspJvpGQ8-00478-00254973-00255492 have funding to process. But yeah it's definitely a big issue and it's I think
-rzspJvpGQ8-00479-00255492-00255954 it's hard to explain to people that what we're offering is expensive, it's not
-rzspJvpGQ8-00480-00255954-00256389 just the space but it's supplies and the environmental control and sometimes it's
-rzspJvpGQ8-00481-00256389-00256776 digital repositories, digital preservation for a audio-visual
-rzspJvpGQ8-00482-00256776-00257256 materials so we can actually be putting out you know fifty thousand dollars for
-rzspJvpGQ8-00483-00257256-00257642 a collection and then that's very expensive so.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00484-00257896-00258088 >>How much is tuition at NYU?
-rzspJvpGQ8-00485-00258150-00258452 >>I think it's like fifty thousand dollars a year.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00486-00258452-00258836 >>[Audience member inaudible]
-rzspJvpGQ8-00487-00258906-00259388 >>Totally, yeah. I find it outrageous too because our
-rzspJvpGQ8-00488-00259388-00259664 department is extremely underfunded.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00489-00259678-00259860 >>[Inaudible]
-rzspJvpGQ8-00490-00259876-00260519 >>Yeah, because I don't think the university sees the value in what we do.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00491-00261358-00261830 >>Yeah, just if if anyone has anything they want to add, just like raise your hand
-rzspJvpGQ8-00492-00261830-00262172 at any time this is kind of, what's it called? Yeah it's free-form.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00493-00262172-00263348 It's a, it's a punk panel. >>You can stage dive off the table if you want. [Laughing] >>Well I said I'd flip a table.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00494-00263348-00264077 So that might happen. I, [Laughing] I don't feel, I don't feel very much like an academic. I feel
-rzspJvpGQ8-00495-00264077-00264710 like more of an impostor where I am right now. I'm, I'm 35 and I went back to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00496-00264710-00265106 school after like playing in bands and stuff and started this collection while
-rzspJvpGQ8-00497-00265106-00265722 I was at Smith so I think my questions are more like general.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00498-00265722-00266560 Just about, I can't, it might have been all of you who had mentioned this but I think how.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00499-00266561-00267368 how does gender, race, sexual identity, how has that been like a determining
-rzspJvpGQ8-00500-00267368-00267779 factor in what you write about or what you collect is that like a primary focus
-rzspJvpGQ8-00501-00267779-00268409 because with the oral history project I've felt like this, I feel more of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00502-00268409-00269000 just a sense of urgency of documenting women, women of color who haven't really
-rzspJvpGQ8-00503-00269000-00269633 been represented at all in historical scholarship or have been you know
-rzspJvpGQ8-00504-00269633-00270156 they're like footnotes in these fucking rock encyclopedias or something.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00505-00270156-00270638 So that's kind of my mission as unacademic as that may be but I'm wondering
-rzspJvpGQ8-00506-00270639-00271413 how, how those, how gender, how race, how sexual id-, how that determines what you
-rzspJvpGQ8-00507-00271413-00271752 collect what you write about. That's for all of you.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00508-00271752-00272742 >>I think you know gender and sexuality are just part of the package of Riot Grrrl like it's a part of what
-rzspJvpGQ8-00509-00272742-00273153 it is, you know I mean? I think for race you know there's been a lot of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00510-00273153-00273669 discussion of, I personally think, and Sara maybe you can disagree or agree
-rzspJvpGQ8-00511-00273669-00273957 with me, that riot girl kind of had two moments and this is in a really
-rzspJvpGQ8-00512-00273957-00274410 short period of time. A first moment of mostly punk girls who may be a little
-rzspJvpGQ8-00513-00274410-00275337 bit older, generally working-class, poor, and also kind of attached to academia in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00514-00275337-00275691 some weird ways because of the Evergreen State College. So this kind of weird
-rzspJvpGQ8-00515-00275691-00276543 sophistication in this punk forest. And then I think the media got a hold of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00516-00276543-00276915 Riot Grrrl and it got disseminated to you know younger girls all over the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00517-00276915-00277209 country who weren't coming out of punk and had a very different experience and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00518-00277209-00277590 dissemination of it. So I think it's hard to say Riot Grrrl is one thing or the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00519-00277590-00278634 other, but I do think that the criticisms of how Riot Grrrl approached race are accurate.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00520-00278634-00279192 I think it's really hard to document that because you, you know some
-rzspJvpGQ8-00521-00279192-00279693 people say it was a white movement, I don't think that's true, I think that was
-rzspJvpGQ8-00522-00279693-00280197 different in different local scenes. So one thing I'm trying to do is collect
-rzspJvpGQ8-00523-00280197-00280712 more of the scenes that had more women of color actively involved like Los Angeles.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00524-00280712-00281070 But at the same time that there's this tension and this came up
-rzspJvpGQ8-00525-00281070-00281937 when Mimi Nguyen and People of Color Zine Project donated their materials
-rzspJvpGQ8-00526-00281937-00282366 is you want to represent the work that people of color were doing but at the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00527-00282366-00282762 same time you don't want to cover up this lack by introducing them into the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00528-00282762-00283395 collection, the zines I mean. So it's sort of like the lack of representation
-rzspJvpGQ8-00529-00283395-00283864 in a way kind of represents some parts of Riot Grrrl but you don't
-rzspJvpGQ8-00530-00283874-00284374 want to perpetuate it so there's this weird like thing of tension between accuracy.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00531-00284374-00284756 And Mimi in her statement that she wrote when she donated it kind of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00532-00284756-00285394 talked about how there was something about that absence that she almost wanted to preserve, you know?
-rzspJvpGQ8-00533-00285822-00286253 >>Yeah I mean. I, I don't like actively think like oh
-rzspJvpGQ8-00534-00286253-00286601 I'm talking about gender, I'm talking about race. It's just like what is it
-rzspJvpGQ8-00535-00286601-00287234 what it is and it's like all these things that have been imposed on me in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00536-00287234-00287763 terms of like what my visual representation is in the world, so of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00537-00287763-00288479 course that's what I, I wrote about. I'd rather be thinking about other things to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00538-00288479-00289548 be honest but I know as far as like, I don't know, thinking about, I, it's like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00539-00289548-00289998 it's an interesting, like I feel like oftentimes I'm put in this position when
-rzspJvpGQ8-00540-00289998-00290411 I'm talking about this  time period because I'm footnoted a lot as
-rzspJvpGQ8-00541-00290411-00291042 like the black riot grrrl and it's like awkward and it's it's not, it wasn't, I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00542-00291042-00291554 wasn't the only brown person and i also just, I don't, I don't like the term
-rzspJvpGQ8-00543-00291554-00292154 people of color in general. I think it's, it's also makes no sense like just in terms,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00544-00292154-00292658 and this is sidebar but I just always feel like what what do I have in common
-rzspJvpGQ8-00545-00292658-00293391 with you know, you know a person from Viet, you know Vietnam, you know immigrant,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00546-00293391-00293766 you know parents or you know what I mean? Like I, there's lots of, there's lots of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00547-00293766-00294182 differences. We're not just brown people you know like there's lots of different
-rzspJvpGQ8-00548-00294182-00294675 spectrums. So it's like very like I don't want to be thinking in this like very
-rzspJvpGQ8-00549-00294675-00295473 like white centric way about being a person of color. It's like just not what
-rzspJvpGQ8-00550-00295473-00296351 I identify as. But that said I don't know I'm just like what was the, I'm trying to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00551-00296352-00296714 think of what the question was really.  [Laughing]
-rzspJvpGQ8-00552-00296714-00297290 Yeah, I mean I don't know I think like what I, what I, what I, I write about things that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00553-00297291-00297785 are like, like affect me and things that are injustices and I definitely feel
-rzspJvpGQ8-00554-00297785-00298485 like that has been like geared towards like my identity as my, as like a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00555-00298485-00299154 black woman and as a queer person. But you know, I don't know, I'm also just
-rzspJvpGQ8-00556-00299154-00299577 careful like with in this context of just, I like to always talk about, like I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00557-00299577-00299994 wasn't the only one and that is the story like Lisa was saying, like you know
-rzspJvpGQ8-00558-00299994-00300342 Riot Grrrl this whole movement was just a white middle class, because that wasn't
-rzspJvpGQ8-00559-00300342-00300785 my experience with it. It was a part of it and there was definitely like tension
-rzspJvpGQ8-00560-00300785-00301454 and the whole time of like identity politics kind of splintered lots of,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00561-00301454-00301905 splintered the movement in this one way that like is sort of almost happening,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00562-00301905-00302447 sort of happens now too where you know, that's a whole, that's a whole other conversation.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00563-00302447-00302668 But yeah so.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00564-00303152-00303852 >>Um, how does my positioning and my formation in, particularly like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00565-00303852-00304464 sexualized or gendered or racialized or allegedly non-racialized ways affect
-rzspJvpGQ8-00566-00304464-00304890 what I write about? I think that it shapes my political commitments and then
-rzspJvpGQ8-00567-00304890-00305289 my political commitments shape what I write about right? So the book that I'm
-rzspJvpGQ8-00568-00305289-00305892 writing right now is not, I wouldn't say I'm writing it because I'm like gendered
-rzspJvpGQ8-00569-00305892-00306618 as female or as queer or whatever in this like range of, of selves. I think
-rzspJvpGQ8-00570-00306618-00307059 that it's because I'm a feminist and because I'm opposed to white supremacy
-rzspJvpGQ8-00571-00307059-00307810 and those, those stances, my inclinations politically shape my work.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00572-00308348-00308794 I'll just say very quickly that that was a huge, that was a huge factor when I was
-rzspJvpGQ8-00573-00308794-00309169 writing "Girls to the Front" and my publicist, not my publicist, my publisher
-rzspJvpGQ8-00574-00309169-00309681 wanted the, they were suggesting titles that were like "Bikini Kill, Kathleen
-rzspJvpGQ8-00575-00309681-00310158 Hanna and the story of Riot Grrrl" you know, stuff like that. And um and I just
-rzspJvpGQ8-00576-00310158-00310566 was like constantly really really um
-rzspJvpGQ8-00577-00310583-00311071 resolute that this was a story about a grassroots movement, the bands were one
-rzspJvpGQ8-00578-00311071-00311392 element of it and that there were some bands that got famous and lots of other
-rzspJvpGQ8-00579-00311392-00311830 musicians that didn't get famous and that it was, like I really was
-rzspJvpGQ8-00580-00311830-00312193 concertedly writing a social movement history and not like a history of bands
-rzspJvpGQ8-00581-00312193-00312463 even though everybody was constantly telling me that like it would sell much
-rzspJvpGQ8-00582-00312463-00312830 better if it was just a history of bands.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00583-00313077-00313632 >>Yeah so my collection is definitely not about the people that everyone has heard
-rzspJvpGQ8-00584-00313632-00314152 of and that's kind of why I read every single name out. And in terms of the way
-rzspJvpGQ8-00585-00314152-00314563 people actually use the collection it's mostly kind of themematic or subject driven
-rzspJvpGQ8-00586-00314563-00314974 so I have, I don't find that people come in just for certain people they're like
-rzspJvpGQ8-00587-00314974-00315694 looking into issues, like manifestos or certain aspects of fashion. I mean that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00588-00315694-00316216 the breadth of subjects is kind of mind-boggling. But something that's kind of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00589-00316216-00316900 related to that is, something that's difficult is it's also about who has and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00590-00316900-00317436 hasn't donated so I really worry that Kathleen is the most famous person in my
-rzspJvpGQ8-00591-00317436-00317998 collection and she also has the best archive. she was really good at saving
-rzspJvpGQ8-00592-00317998-00318493 stuff and it's very rich so when I'm teaching I'm often like oh god,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00593-00318493-00318858 another thing from Kathleen's collection and I always say that I'm not showing
-rzspJvpGQ8-00594-00318858-00319222 you this to suggest she's the most important person in Riot Grrrl, at the same
-rzspJvpGQ8-00595-00319222-00319549 time there's certain people who haven't donated so I really worry about how that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00596-00319549-00320029 kind of skews that history just by what's actually in the archive and how
-rzspJvpGQ8-00597-00320029-00320622 rich the archive is, in addition to the celebrity issue.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00598-00321042-00321509 Um, well I, we have like, we have a publicity collection which I didn't read
-rzspJvpGQ8-00599-00321509-00321996 off which is just a collection that Kathi Wilcox's mom saved of all the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00600-00321996-00322457 press, [Laughing] which comes in really handy because if you're looking at the actual
-rzspJvpGQ8-00601-00322458-00323012 stuff against like the Newsweek article or the LA Weekly article or the Sassy issues
-rzspJvpGQ8-00602-00323012-00323544 you can kind of compare the two, so that's kind of how its represented.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00603-00323596-00324120 And also it's a little bit of like say for example Riot Grrrl Press when it
-rzspJvpGQ8-00604-00324120-00324678 starts really talks about how it's a response to that and that it's a way of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00605-00324678-00325256 controlling the, their own message so I guess that's another way it's represented.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00606-00325892-00326630 >>Yeah I mean, I guess like, I, I feel like because of like the way like internet
-rzspJvpGQ8-00607-00326631-00327108 culture is and the way people like fight on the internet about like politics and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00608-00327108-00327672 you know I guess, I don't know if it's like small to like my my queer world or
-rzspJvpGQ8-00609-00327672-00328536 like I wouldn't just say punk but just the way that, you know like the way
-rzspJvpGQ8-00610-00328536-00329358 people want to like take people down in terms of like in political
-rzspJvpGQ8-00611-00329358-00329826 like what is the word, like when you like call, a call-out culture I think
-rzspJvpGQ8-00612-00329826-00330267 that was like big and it like started being a big thing in the early 90s about
-rzspJvpGQ8-00613-00330267-00330726 people being like you wrote this thing and it's racist or you you did this
-rzspJvpGQ8-00614-00330726-00331152 thing and like then this person would be like the black sheep and like shamed for
-rzspJvpGQ8-00615-00331152-00331656 what they did and you know it was like a whole big thing and I'm sure I probably
-rzspJvpGQ8-00616-00331656-00332133 participated in it too and just getting older I don't really relate to that
-rzspJvpGQ8-00617-00332133-00332997 style of, I don't really relate to that style of politics or just even what I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00618-00332997-00333288 care about, because I'm always just thinking about like who is the enemy
-rzspJvpGQ8-00619-00333288-00333966 here? The state. You know like that is who the enemy, not you know like our small
-rzspJvpGQ8-00620-00333966-00334665 little struggling group. You know like not that to say that you know people
-rzspJvpGQ8-00621-00334665-00335049 don't need to be called out about certain things or whatever but I just
-rzspJvpGQ8-00622-00335049-00335472 think it's a good reminder when people start fighting you know like and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00623-00335472-00335919 that to me that that's certain type of fighting of taking people down is a
-rzspJvpGQ8-00624-00335919-00336534 trickle-down of patriarchy is a trickle-down of something nasty that we
-rzspJvpGQ8-00625-00336534-00336948 don't want to be part of. That's how I feel so.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00626-00337568-00337966 >>I just, that just got me inspired to say that I think one of the uses of the
-rzspJvpGQ8-00627-00337967-00338594 archive and also within the Downtown collection the AIDS activism archive is
-rzspJvpGQ8-00628-00338594-00339239 like, we can use, as activists we can use the archives to learn and not recreate
-rzspJvpGQ8-00629-00339239-00339575 the same mistakes that are just like perpetually recreated in activist
-rzspJvpGQ8-00630-00339575-00339968 communities and I just remember when Occupy was happening I was like come to
-rzspJvpGQ8-00631-00339968-00340442 Fales, come look at these records of the AIDS activist groups like ACT UP and
-rzspJvpGQ8-00632-00340442-00340721 Gran Fury, I know you're going to learn a lot, you're also going to learn a lot of
-rzspJvpGQ8-00633-00340721-00341350 great techniques for like disseminating your ideas. So I just wanted to say that. Thank you.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00634-00342026-00342798 >>I, I'll say one which is when I was in my first year at college I got a zine in
-rzspJvpGQ8-00635-00342799-00343261 the mail from someone who was a first year at another college and said, hi you
-rzspJvpGQ8-00636-00343261-00343810 sent your zine to someone who lives down the hall from me on a dorm and I
-rzspJvpGQ8-00637-00343810-00344347 really liked it and so here's my zine. And that was, the zine was from some named
-rzspJvpGQ8-00638-00344347-00344989 Sarah Jaffe is even still one of my very best friends and favorite writing
-rzspJvpGQ8-00639-00344989-00345452 companions. So that, I guess in terms of impact that's pretty up there.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00640-00346184-00346264 >>I cannot.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00641-00346320-00346424 >>No pressure.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00642-00346590-00346990 Okay so we're going to take a little short break till about 2:30,
-rzspJvpGQ8-00643-00346990-00347538 and then Byron and Lydia are gonna come up and we're gonna continue the discussion.
-rzspJvpGQ8-00644-00347582-00347844 So, thank you. [Applause]
-urbENapF-E-00000-00000601-00000890 80, Samho-ro, Masanhoewon-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea Year : 2015-07-30 20 Persons 1350kg 210m/min
-urbENapF-E-00001-00001169-00001488 Impression Of Riding : 10 / Button State : 10 Sheaf Representation : 10 / Stop Speed : 10 Leveling State : 10 / Interior Meterial : 10 Chime/Clippie : 10 Location Rate : 10 / Door Rate : 10 Plus Rate : 10 / Minus Rate : 0 Total : 100 Grade : SS
-wfddCKc0h8-00000-00000000-00001199 Hit the sub button for more remixes!
-zfbtbfIcGE-00000-00002204-00002290 IM BACKKKK!!!!!
-zfbtbfIcGE-00001-00002356-00002450 WoooooOWoooOWOWOOWOW
-zfbtbfIcGE-00002-00002450-00002888 Whats up you guys my name is Ryan Thomas Woods, And today i am in a box of shame
-zfbtbfIcGE-00003-00002888-00003326 Why? because its been 3 months since ive uploaded a YouTube video and i know im absolute trash
-zfbtbfIcGE-00004-00003326-00003450 but you know what? we all knew that!
-zfbtbfIcGE-00005-00003456-00003928 instead of me explaining what happened in my life to cause this disturbance in the force of uploading
-zfbtbfIcGE-00006-00003928-00004102 im just gonna write about it in my upcoming book
-zfbtbfIcGE-00007-00004102-00004664 its gonna be an audible.com by like 2020 so you you know you just have to wait and save a little bit
-zfbtbfIcGE-00008-00004664-00004768 speaking of saving
-zfbtbfIcGE-00009-00004768-00005212 valentines day is just right around the corner so basically your just not its just a day of not saving
-zfbtbfIcGE-00010-00005212-00005814 we all know that even if your single we still buy ourselves allot of stuff just to fill that empty void of being alone
-zfbtbfIcGE-00011-00005814-00006378 and if your in a relationship well you have someone who basically takes your heart and empties out your wallet anyways so
-zfbtbfIcGE-00012-00006378-00006614 valentines day is just a loose loose situation no matter what
-zfbtbfIcGE-00013-00006614-00007184 so i thought i would an expectations vs reality video on this wonderful holiday. that is valentines day
-zfbtbfIcGE-00014-00007184-00007670 make sure you hit that thumbs up button if your excited and happy to see me that im back
-zfbtbfIcGE-00015-00007670-00008198 and even if your not then what are you doing watching my videos? and just leave but before you leave just click that thumbs up botton
-zfbtbfIcGE-00016-00008198-00008438 just cuz it helps a bish out SO HELP A BISH OUT
-zfbtbfIcGE-00017-00008438-00008812 Subscribe if your not already subscribed or if your new to my channel and ya lets just get started
-zfbtbfIcGE-00018-00012334-00012534 **Phone Ringing 100x texts**
-zfbtbfIcGE-00019-00012534-00012584 YAS?
-zfbtbfIcGE-00020-00012790-00012966 YaS? oh its valentines day
-zfbtbfIcGE-00021-00012966-00013144 Lets see how many texts i got
-zfbtbfIcGE-00022-00013160-00013216 oh my god
-zfbtbfIcGE-00023-00013372-00013588 1 2 oh my god i got so much messages
-zfbtbfIcGE-00024-00013760-00013872 oh i feel so loved
-zfbtbfIcGE-00025-00014006-00014266 **Snoring**  starbucks
-zfbtbfIcGE-00026-00014332-00014516 **Snoring** FOrever Alone
-zfbtbfIcGE-00027-00014582-00014854 What? oh valentines day ohhhhhhhhhhhhh
-zfbtbfIcGE-00028-00014874-00015130 more like single person awareness day
-zfbtbfIcGE-00029-00015168-00015240 any texts?
-zfbtbfIcGE-00030-00015291-00015347 anyone?
-zfbtbfIcGE-00031-00015532-00015894 Mom? *Crying* Im gonna be alone forever
-zfbtbfIcGE-00032-00016708-00017320 No WAY! who did this? who did this? this is so cute
-zfbtbfIcGE-00033-00018498-00019126 No way! Who did this? Who did this This is so cute
-zfbtbfIcGE-00034-00019680-00019730 come in
-zfbtbfIcGE-00035-00019730-00019862 thanks thank you so much
-zfbtbfIcGE-00036-00019992-00020072 oh thank you
-zfbtbfIcGE-00037-00020116-00020284 thank you keep em comming
-zfbtbfIcGE-00038-00020284-00020480 oh thanks oh dont worry i got that
-zfbtbfIcGE-00039-00020480-00020584 thank you, thank you
-zfbtbfIcGE-00040-00020670-00020726 oh  my god
-zfbtbfIcGE-00041-00020766-00020846 starbucks!
-zfbtbfIcGE-00042-00020998-00021062 oh yes!!!
-zfbtbfIcGE-00043-00022300-00022364 be mine :)
-zfbtbfIcGE-00044-00022478-00022566 i love myself
-zfbtbfIcGE-00045-00022930-00023490 hey boy if your not doing anything on valentines day we should totally go out on a date
-zfbtbfIcGE-00046-00023630-00023680 send
-zfbtbfIcGE-00047-00023978-00024074 **pone rings*
-zfbtbfIcGE-00048-00024118-00024368 OH MY GOD HE TEXTEDME
-zfbtbfIcGE-00049-00024450-00024506 PERFECT
-zfbtbfIcGE-00050-00024650-00024834 OMG OMG im literally gonna have his babies
-zfbtbfIcGE-00051-00024878-00025022 I literally cant even
-zfbtbfIcGE-00052-00025360-00025416 and send
-zfbtbfIcGE-00053-00026050-00026186 nope no messages yet
-zfbtbfIcGE-00054-00026336-00026527 maybe it didnt get delivered
-zfbtbfIcGE-00055-00026527-00026662 nope it got delieverdd
-zfbtbfIcGE-00056-00026738-00026922 maybe he changed his number
-zfbtbfIcGE-00057-00027058-00027250 no i would have his new number
-zfbtbfIcGE-00058-00027295-00027520 maybe hes still on set of teen wolf
-zfbtbfIcGE-00059-00027520-00027738 and just like hasnt checked is phone yet
-zfbtbfIcGE-00060-00027872-00028200 maybe hes like getting dinner or eating taco bell
-zfbtbfIcGE-00061-00028445-00028750 IT DOES NOT TAKE THIS LONG O EAT TACO BELL DYLAN
-zfbtbfIcGE-00062-00028844-00029076 oh i bet hes just playing hard to get
-zfbtbfIcGE-00063-00029145-00029226 ah what  a man
-zfbtbfIcGE-00064-00029389-00029526 I LITERALY cant even
-zfbtbfIcGE-00065-00029526-00029820 i dont understand why hes not texting me back am i just so dead that he ca.....
-zfbtbfIcGE-00066-00029992-00030304 New number whos this? ITS F****** RYAN YOU SL**
-zfbtbfIcGE-00067-00031045-00031110 Surprise
-zfbtbfIcGE-00068-00031174-00031416 Oh my god oh
-zfbtbfIcGE-00069-00031795-00031868 Surprise!
-zfbtbfIcGE-00070-00032324-00032508 Oh babe i didnt see you there
-zfbtbfIcGE-00071-00033480-00033616 **Romantic music **
-zfbtbfIcGE-00072-00035126-00035246 **Lonely music**
-zfbtbfIcGE-00073-00037020-00037124 **Screaming**
-zfbtbfIcGE-00074-00037496-00037712 Oh GOD , OMG  he is literally dead!
-zfbtbfIcGE-00075-00038106-00038434 Oh no STOP protect me protect me boyfriend pillow
-zfbtbfIcGE-00076-00041134-00041286 OMG you touched my hand
-zfbtbfIcGE-00077-00041362-00041642 it so hard to find a man like you around here
-zfbtbfIcGE-00078-00041770-00041842 its so hard
-zfbtbfIcGE-00079-00041842-00042240 if you liked this video make sure you hit that thumbs up button as it really does help a bish out
-zfbtbfIcGE-00080-00042240-00042600 and share this video with your friends weather their single or in a relationship
-zfbtbfIcGE-00081-00042760-00043460 if you share on twitter make sure you # me an d ill probably re tweet you because i love it when you guys share my video ill try to re tweet as many of you guys as possible
-zfbtbfIcGE-00082-00043588-00044288 my question to you is what is the best valentines gift you have ever gotten, weather that someone that got you a gift or maybe you just purchased for yourself on v day
-zfbtbfIcGE-00083-00044354-00044954 let me know in the comments down below hope you have a fabulous valentines day treat yourself treat others and just love one another
-zfbtbfIcGE-00084-00044954-00045464 before the sun goes down i just wanna say thank you so much for watching and continue to support me
-zfbtbfIcGE-00085-00045538-00046238 and being here i really really do appreciate you guys and i love you guys so much stay fabulous and i will see you in my next video very very soon
-zfbtbfIcGE-00086-00046238-00046288 BYE!
--X0pvUv9YI-00000-00000324-00000608 The Center is an NGO
--X0pvUv9YI-00001-00000608-00000748 established under Moroccan law
--X0pvUv9YI-00002-00000748-00001176 by the Mohammed 5 Foundation for solidarity
--X0pvUv9YI-00003-00001176-00001616 in collaboration with microfinance institutions and other partners
--X0pvUv9YI-00004-00001616-00001800 active in sustainable development.
--X0pvUv9YI-00005-00001800-00002136 The Center was inaugurated by His Majesty the King
--X0pvUv9YI-00006-00002136-00002340 in November 2007.
--X0pvUv9YI-00007-00002340-00002648 Its mission is based on
--X0pvUv9YI-00008-00002648-00002860 three core strategic areas.
--X0pvUv9YI-00009-00002860-00002952 First of all
--X0pvUv9YI-00010-00002952-00003104 training
--X0pvUv9YI-00011-00003104-00003432 for both the microfinance associations and their staff
--X0pvUv9YI-00012-00003432-00003652 and the beneficiaries
--X0pvUv9YI-00013-00003652-00003815 of the microcredit associations.
--X0pvUv9YI-00014-00003815-00004028 Secondly, it aims at
--X0pvUv9YI-00015-00004028-00004356 strengthening the commercialization capacities
--X0pvUv9YI-00016-00004356-00004636 of microfinance clients.
--X0pvUv9YI-00017-00004636-00004828 Thirdly, it created a strategic Observatory
--X0pvUv9YI-00018-00004828-00005276 because the industry needed research and strategic vision
--X0pvUv9YI-00019-00005276-00005444 in order to
--X0pvUv9YI-00020-00005444-00005736 grow harmoniously.
--X0pvUv9YI-00021-00005736-00006008 As for training,
--X0pvUv9YI-00022-00006008-00006164 it mainly consists in
--X0pvUv9YI-00023-00006164-00006376 reinforcing the institutions' capacities.
--X0pvUv9YI-00024-00006376-00006664 It should be recalled
--X0pvUv9YI-00025-00006664-00006888 that the first objective for this
--X0pvUv9YI-00026-00006888-00007223 is to ensure that the staff are qualified enough
--X0pvUv9YI-00027-00007223-00007588 but are also aware of the socio-economic role
--X0pvUv9YI-00028-00007588-00007740 that microfinance has to play.
--X0pvUv9YI-00029-00007740-00008016 Also, the Center aims at
--X0pvUv9YI-00030-00008016-00008384 training beneficiaries, i.e. clients.
--X0pvUv9YI-00031-00008384-00008684 For such training, the objective is to build client awareness
--X0pvUv9YI-00032-00008684-00008956 on their conditions
--X0pvUv9YI-00033-00008956-00009312 and help them manage their businesses, so that they can improve
--X0pvUv9YI-00034-00009312-00009604 their living conditions. The objective being
--X0pvUv9YI-00035-00009604-00010004 to help them develop their businesses and possibly formalize them
--X0pvUv9YI-00036-00010004-00010216 then access banking services.
--X0pvUv9YI-00037-00010216-00010352 But at the same time,
--X0pvUv9YI-00038-00010352-00010664 we wish to help clients improve
--X0pvUv9YI-00039-00010664-00011004 their businesses and services.
--X0pvUv9YI-00040-00011004-00011240 The Center proposes a complete approach,
--X0pvUv9YI-00041-00011240-00011584 regional workshops and fairs, with a growing success
--X0pvUv9YI-00042-00011584-00011904 among clients, because it helps them become visible
--X0pvUv9YI-00043-00011904-00012260 and develop a more structured network
--X0pvUv9YI-00044-00012260-00012440 which in turns ensures
--X0pvUv9YI-00045-00012440-00012652 that they can sell their products.
--X0pvUv9YI-00046-00012652-00012900 We have also developed
--X0pvUv9YI-00047-00012900-00013224 web marketing
--X0pvUv9YI-00048-00013224-00013584 to promote the clients and their products.
--X0pvUv9YI-00049-00013584-00013847 This year we organized for the third time
--X0pvUv9YI-00050-00013847-00014072 the national micro-entrepreneur award.
--X0pvUv9YI-00051-00014072-00014324 This year, about thirty entrepreneurs
--X0pvUv9YI-00052-00014324-00014500 received the award, for six categories:
--X0pvUv9YI-00053-00014500-00014647 woman micro-enterprise,
--X0pvUv9YI-00054-00014647-00014784 youth micro-enterprise,
--X0pvUv9YI-00055-00014784-00015056 environmentally friendly enterprise,
--X0pvUv9YI-00056-00015056-00015328 rural tourism,
--X0pvUv9YI-00057-00015328-00015652 formalized micro-enterpreneurs.
--X0pvUv9YI-00058-00015652-00016091 Those who receive the award are granted a support.
--X0pvUv9YI-00059-00016091-00016436 They also benefit from a reporting
--X0pvUv9YI-00060-00016436-00016596 which will be broadcasted all year long.
--X0pvUv9YI-00061-00016596-00017008 It is advertising, it promotes their businesses.
--X0pvUv9YI-00062-00017008-00017200 In our approach
--X0pvUv9YI-00063-00017200-00017524 to support beneficiaries,
--X0pvUv9YI-00064-00017524-00017768 to help them know
--X0pvUv9YI-00065-00017768-00017948 their rights, above all,
--X0pvUv9YI-00066-00017948-00018308 and defend their interests, the Center has launched from 2009
--X0pvUv9YI-00067-00018308-00018496 a complete financial education programme.
--X0pvUv9YI-00068-00018496-00018936 We already support around 30.000 clients
--X0pvUv9YI-00069-00018936-00019156 through these financial education
--X0pvUv9YI-00070-00019156-00019428 training sessions
--X0pvUv9YI-00071-00019428-00019828 and we have trainer around 80 trainers
--X0pvUv9YI-00072-00019828-00019944 throughout Morocco.
--X0pvUv9YI-00073-00019944-00020196 We have free-lance trainers,
--X0pvUv9YI-00074-00020196-00020372 partner consulting firms
--X0pvUv9YI-00075-00020372-00020708 and resources within the microfinance associations.
--X0pvUv9YI-00076-00020708-00020828 Thanks to the associations
--X0pvUv9YI-00077-00020828-00021136 and the consulting firme, we can disseminate training
--X0pvUv9YI-00078-00021136-00021368 throughout the country.
--X0pvUv9YI-00079-00021368-00021704 Concerning the Observatory,
--X0pvUv9YI-00080-00021704-00021996 The Mohammed VI Center supported the microfinance industry
--X0pvUv9YI-00081-00021996-00022184 to define its own strategy
--X0pvUv9YI-00082-00022184-00022520 for the next decade, 2012-2022.
--X0pvUv9YI-00083-00022520-00022760 This strategy sets the future
--X0pvUv9YI-00084-00022760-00023136 path, inch Allah, for the evolution of the microfinance activity.
-Bf2SClutd4-00000-00000000-00000200 How to remove formula in Ms Excel
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-CUSMdPcbdM-00000-00000003-00000531 Courage or confidence. So what's more important when taking the big leap into
-CUSMdPcbdM-00001-00000531-00000806 this into the discomfort zone courage or confidence?
-CUSMdPcbdM-00002-00001006-00001190 But as you go to seek
-CUSMdPcbdM-00003-00001190-00001955 discomfort, as you go to embrace discomfort, there's fear, anxiety, stress,
-CUSMdPcbdM-00004-00001955-00002843 worry, uncertainty, all natural parts of the process of getting outside of your
-CUSMdPcbdM-00005-00002843-00003414 comfort zone. It's a difficult process because all things that are worth doing
-CUSMdPcbdM-00006-00003414-00003969 are difficult. So back to the question, which is more
-CUSMdPcbdM-00007-00003969-00004404 important: courage or confidence? The definition of
-CUSMdPcbdM-00008-00004404-00005162 courage is the ability to do something that frightens one. Or strength in the
-CUSMdPcbdM-00009-00005162-00006032 face of pain or grief. That's courage. Confidence is the feeling or belief that
-CUSMdPcbdM-00010-00006032-00006789 one can rely on someone or something. Firm trust. Some other definitions
-CUSMdPcbdM-00011-00006789-00007172 underneath confidence: the state of feeling certain about the truth of
-CUSMdPcbdM-00012-00007172-00007647 something. A feeling of self assurance, of rising from one's appreciation of one's
-CUSMdPcbdM-00013-00007647-00008465 own abilities or qualities. But I think ultimately you have to have both. And I'm not
-CUSMdPcbdM-00014-00008465-00008804 just saying that as the easy way out. I'm saying that as, I don't know that I've
-CUSMdPcbdM-00015-00008804-00009357 watched someone step into a discomfort or an uncomfortable situation or step
-CUSMdPcbdM-00016-00009357-00010182 into discomfort that didn't get through it by using both. You cannot have courage
-CUSMdPcbdM-00017-00010182-00010565 in the face of fear, you cannot have courage in the face of uncertainty, you
-CUSMdPcbdM-00018-00010565-00011207 cannot have courage taking this big leap into this comfort without first having
-CUSMdPcbdM-00019-00011208-00011764 the confidence to so. That's invaluable in sales.
-CUSMdPcbdM-00020-00011764-00012292 Confidence is everything. I think courage comes from having
-CUSMdPcbdM-00021-00012292-00012789 self-confidence so they also kind of play into to each other. I don't know a
-CUSMdPcbdM-00022-00012789-00013154 lot of people that are extremely courageous with very little to no
-CUSMdPcbdM-00023-00013154-00013688 self-confidence. Does that make sense? So in order to be courageous you have to be
-CUSMdPcbdM-00024-00013688-00014154 confident. So if that's the case then it's kind of the chicken or the egg. I
-CUSMdPcbdM-00025-00014154-00014706 would say that it is more important to be confident because your courage will
-CUSMdPcbdM-00026-00014706-00015243 come through that confidence and through that belief that you are capable. That's
-CUSMdPcbdM-00027-00015243-00015607 where the confidence, that's where the courage will come from to take that step.
-CUSMdPcbdM-00028-00015607-00016254 But in order to do anything great, in order to embark on anything that's going to
-CUSMdPcbdM-00029-00016254-00017109 be difficult, in order to embrace or seek discomfort, you will have to first build
-CUSMdPcbdM-00030-00017109-00017739 your self-confidence to the point, at which you are willing to have the
-CUSMdPcbdM-00031-00017739-00017828 courage
-CUSMdPcbdM-00032-00018044-00018094 to leap.
-DSK4xyV75M-00000-00000003-00000555 hello everyone my name is Ancel Bhagwandeen I'm from Trinidad and Tobago, I'm an engineer and the
-DSK4xyV75M-00001-00000555-00001287 inventor of the "Ion Hammer" battery regeneration system my company is PROTOFAB-TT, here I present
-DSK4xyV75M-00002-00001287-00001860 an economically sustainable portable and SCALABLE solution to a toxic solid waste problem found in
-DSK4xyV75M-00003-00001860-00002319 the Caribbean and Latin America when millions of lead acid batteries are scrapped for the
-DSK4xyV75M-00004-00002319-00003012 lead metal causing long-term land, & water source contamination. This 30 centimeter cube contains 5
-DSK4xyV75M-00005-00003012-00003529 years of R&D and automatically regenerates and re-rates weak or spent lead acid batteries (HEV
-DSK4xyV75M-00006-00003529-00004167 as well!) with global online tracking by the IoT capability, it works overnight for both common
-DSK4xyV75M-00007-00004167-00004686 automotive and large batteries used of battery backup such as for cellular towers and solar
-DSK4xyV75M-00008-00004686-00005217 storage. Hundreds of spent batteries have been regenerated and retailed successfully improving
-DSK4xyV75M-00009-00005217-00005703 viability and traction factory has a lean growth strategy which involves partnering with
-DSK4xyV75M-00010-00005703-00006261 technically oriented businesses or institutions and NGOs to manufacture and deploy the product
-DSK4xyV75M-00011-00006261-00006879 locally and then regionally with online payments for the 50 DC's predictable cumulative growth by
-DSK4xyV75M-00012-00006879-00007448 leasing regenerators the large battery consumers recyclers and micro entrepreneurs each system can
-DSK4xyV75M-00013-00007448-00008091 be activated or deactivated online by PROTOFABTT in ten short timely payments PROTOFABTT has partnered
-DSK4xyV75M-00014-00008091-00008580 with a large manufacturing and technical training organization and mic.co.tt which
-DSK4xyV75M-00015-00008580-00009015 provides a majority of the logistics ,marketing, and manufacturing support for a revenue share 
-DSK4xyV75M-00016-00009015-00009699 this provides unlimited access to large flexible third party support teams as needs dictate I will
-DSK4xyV75M-00017-00009699-00010086 worthy of IDB (& Civtech Alliance) selection as the invention has already gained recognition for
-DSK4xyV75M-00018-00010086-00010626 climate change mitigation by the Caribbean Climate Innovation Center and I have chosen
-DSK4xyV75M-00019-00010626-00011872 a part of technical innovation for my life's work and legacy I am all-in thank you for watching you
-GfNUf1nFiY-00000-00001000-00001540 Here we are with Bertha Sanabria of the Estelí Women's School
-GfNUf1nFiY-00001-00001550-00001950 and we're talking with her about the program's progress in 2016.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00002-00001960-00002750 In 2016, we've had a more positive year.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00003-00003050-00003350 We enrolled more students,
-GfNUf1nFiY-00004-00003400-00003750 we had better retention of students
-GfNUf1nFiY-00005-00003850-00004100 and better academic effectiveness.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00006-00004150-00004350 Our students have done very well.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00007-00004400-00004900 They were committed and interested
-GfNUf1nFiY-00008-00004950-00005600 and the results in this years exams were very good.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00009-00005650-00005900 I am very pleased and satisfied
-GfNUf1nFiY-00010-00005910-00006050 about the work they all did.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00011-00006100-00006300 The teachers made a big effort.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00012-00006350-00006800 They worked hard preparing their classes,
-GfNUf1nFiY-00013-00006850-00007100 so as to provide high quality teaching.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00014-00007109-00007550 And this is reflected in the results.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00015-00007600-00008320 because the students got much better results than they did last year.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00016-00008350-00008600 How many students did the project have this year?
-GfNUf1nFiY-00017-00008650-00009000 We started the year with 260 students.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00018-00009100-00009650 and that includes students who had to repeat classes from the previous year.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00019-00009700-00010450 80 of this year's 260 students repeated one or more classes from 2015
-GfNUf1nFiY-00020-00010500-00010750 in the first semester, in June and July.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00021-00010800-00011200 Those students have finished their studies now, after resitting the exams.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00022-00011250-00011550 Some of them have already received their diploma
-GfNUf1nFiY-00023-00011600-00011900 and others are waiting for their diplomas to be processed in the Ministry of Education.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00024-00011950-00012350 Now at the end of the current year,
-GfNUf1nFiY-00025-00012400-00012950 170 students are participating in the latest round of exams.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00026-00013000-00013250 So the level of student retention has  been very good.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00027-00013300-00013650 We hope it will continue to be as good.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00028-00013700-00014050 Only 2 exams remain now, Mathematics and Physics
-GfNUf1nFiY-00029-00014100-00014550 We hope students will obtain good results for these two classes as well.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00030-00014600-00014950 What activities are planned for the end of the year?
-GfNUf1nFiY-00031-00015000-00016050 Making reports, finishing the exams, registration of new students and the graduation ceremony.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00032-00016100-00016550 The graduation ceremony is planned for December 2nd or 3rd
-GfNUf1nFiY-00033-00016600-00017100 only for students who want to come to the graduation ceremony because it is voluntary.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00034-00017150-00017450 and  many students have economic dificulties so it is not obligatory.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00035-00017500-00017850 Those that do not want to go, will get their diploma later.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00036-00017900-00018200 How do you see the future of the Estelí Women's School ?
-GfNUf1nFiY-00037-00018250-00018750 I think we are going to pass our initial goal of 200 students in 2017.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00038-00018800-00019800 The physical capacity of this center is between 200 and 260 students.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00039-00019850-00020100 I think we will have a very productive year.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00040-00020150-00020450 We are going to do our best to facilitate things for our students
-GfNUf1nFiY-00041-00020700-00021050 because one of the difficulties of the adult  baccalaureate program
-GfNUf1nFiY-00042-00021100-00021300 has been the centralization of the exams by the Ministry of Education.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00043-00021350-00021800 This means that a teacher gives the classes, but other people evaluate.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00044-00021850-00022050 This has always been a problem.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00045-00022100-00022600 We hope the Ministry will be a bit more flexible this year.
-GfNUf1nFiY-00046-00022650-00023000 But I think we will have a better year than in 2016.
-GwfxRLakhc-00000-00000004-00000521 And today, fun fact, Silicon Valley Bank is opening again under its new
-GwfxRLakhc-00001-00000526-00000716 ownership and all of its branches.
-GwfxRLakhc-00002-00000718-00000889 So are we through the banking thing?
-GwfxRLakhc-00003-00000889-00000916 No.
-GwfxRLakhc-00004-00000916-00001195 If they raise rates again and raise rates again and raise rates
-GwfxRLakhc-00005-00001195-00001329 again, something might happen.
-GwfxRLakhc-00006-00001329-00001663 And if they don't shorten the money supply; they keep the back door open
-GwfxRLakhc-00007-00001663-00001918 with all the money supply increasing; so they're increasing rates to
-GwfxRLakhc-00008-00001918-00002215 decrease money supply, but they're increasing money supply on the back end.
-GwfxRLakhc-00009-00002230-00002441 Who knows what's going on, but how should you feel?
-GwfxRLakhc-00010-00002441-00002852 You should feel in complete control because you control your Earning Capacity.
-GwfxRLakhc-00011-00002852-00003020 You control how you face these things down.
-GwfxRLakhc-00012-00003026-00003356 But in this moment, I want you to realize that the TradFi markets
-GwfxRLakhc-00013-00003356-00003707 are about up a little bit and the DeFi markets are up a little bit.
-GwfxRLakhc-00014-00003722-00003911 No, I'm not saying we're in a bull run, and no, I'm not
-GwfxRLakhc-00015-00003911-00004016 giving you financial advice.
-GwfxRLakhc-00016-00004016-00004172 I'm giving you emotional advice.
-GwfxRLakhc-00017-00004245-00004332 It's okay.
-GwfxRLakhc-00018-00004356-00004422 Calm down.
-GwfxRLakhc-00019-00004434-00004635 Make levelheaded views and don't do anything dramatic.
-GUxT_L2V38-00000-00000222-00000693 This is a life and death struggle, but to us it is happening so fast you hardly have
-GUxT_L2V38-00001-00000693-00001156 time to figure out what's going on. There's the big green beetle and its prey
-GUxT_L2V38-00002-00001156-00001619 - a black ant. If the beetle can catch the ant, it will tear
-GUxT_L2V38-00003-00001619-00002164 it apart. After a short chase, the ant stops running.
-GUxT_L2V38-00004-00002164-00002605 It looks like the tiger beetle has caught its prey, but instead it has lost track of
-GUxT_L2V38-00005-00002605-00003075 the ant. And that's because use tiger beetle eyes and their tiny brain need movement to
-GUxT_L2V38-00006-00003075-00003597 locate and chase down their prey. With no movement the ant has disappeared from
-GUxT_L2V38-00007-00003597-00004298 the tiger beetle's radar. Even a tiger can lose its prey if it is not
-GUxT_L2V38-00008-00004333-00004878 moving, but it has its nose to smell and sharp hearing to listen for their prey. Tiger beetles
-GUxT_L2V38-00009-00004878-00005452 have additional organs, too. Their long thin feelers, called antennae can help avoid obstacles
-GUxT_L2V38-00010-00005452-00005989 as well as feel a prey that is not moving. Tiger beetles also have huge ears hidden under
-GUxT_L2V38-00011-00005989-00006442 their hard wing coverings. These ears are really good at hearing high notes and sounds
-GUxT_L2V38-00012-00006442-00007142 through grass and even underground. There are more than 2700 species of tiger
-GUxT_L2V38-00013-00007595-00008081 beetles in the world, and most of them live on the ground. Many of them have stripes and
-GUxT_L2V38-00014-00008081-00008632 spots on their backs, kind of like a tiger. These blotches make it harder for the prey
-GUxT_L2V38-00015-00008632-00009112 to see the predator sneaking up on it. But for both the tiger and the tiger beetles they
-GUxT_L2V38-00016-00009112-00009507 also make it harder for their enemies to see them.
-GUxT_L2V38-00017-00009507-00009964 If you look carefully you can see the legs are metallic-colored purple with white hairs.
-GUxT_L2V38-00018-00009964-00010453 The rest of the body and head is green outlined with purple. The white hairs are to protect
-GUxT_L2V38-00019-00010453-00011153 the beetle from heat coming up from the ground, especially at noon when it is hot.
-GUxT_L2V38-00020-00011199-00011597 This species of tiger beetle is green with white spots. Can you guess what kind of habitat
-GUxT_L2V38-00021-00011597-00012186 it lives in? What color would you guess tiger beetles are that live on brown sand, on white
-GUxT_L2V38-00022-00012186-00012760 rock, on black soil? Many if not most tiger beetles are the color of the ground they live on.
-H5Ff2dnwBI-00000-00000032-00000074 sa
-H-jRK06B7E-00000-00000000-00000248 De Morgen's Theorem  Practical notes
-I4yGdYBxok-00000-00000054-00000354 First, open the zip file.
-I4yGdYBxok-00001-00000516-00000816 This will extract to the same location as the zip.
-I4yGdYBxok-00002-00000900-00001096 Open the extracted folder.
-I4yGdYBxok-00003-00001292-00001476 Select these files.
-I4yGdYBxok-00004-00001738-00001891 Copy the 3 items.
-I4yGdYBxok-00005-00002224-00002436 Go to Applications.
-I4yGdYBxok-00006-00002654-00002842 Browse to the Scripts folder.
-I4yGdYBxok-00007-00003400-00003580 Paste the files that we copied.
-I4yGdYBxok-00008-00003846-00004072 You may be asked for an admin password.
-I4yGdYBxok-00009-00004654-00004882 Make sure the files have been pasted.
-I4yGdYBxok-00010-00005402-00005702 If you're not using Photoshop CS, you may delete this file.
-IYi2dsBgQA-00000-00000129-00001374 [Music] okay gee whiz
-IYi2dsBgQA-00001-00001374-00001686 [Music]
-IYi2dsBgQA-00002-00001686-00001997 [Music]
-IYi2dsBgQA-00003-00001997-00002932 [Music] [Applause] [Music]
-IYi2dsBgQA-00004-00002932-00004944 that's my [__] brother if I find out that you [__] with him now I'm really coming
-IYi2dsBgQA-00005-00004944-00005403 I'm coming so [__] Hardy [__] gonna lay fall now we don't fight bro now I'm gonna
-IYi2dsBgQA-00006-00005403-00005787 get pissed off now I gotta hit him I get them I pop my drop my throw up [__] stop talking
-IYi2dsBgQA-00007-00005787-00006125 these things the game I pull up and bust your brain [__] with my brother man yeah I
-IYi2dsBgQA-00008-00006125-00006790 thought I wanted you on part one but this is part two I'm sorry I got arrested I'm sorry
-IYi2dsBgQA-00009-00006790-00007189 I lost hope I started taking all those pills and got addicted to the dope remember when
-IYi2dsBgQA-00010-00007189-00007553 we went to see through by spitting in your girl's face I gotta rest for that night but
-IYi2dsBgQA-00011-00007553-00008117 I never miss in your name if I die or you die please don't cry just look up into the
-IYi2dsBgQA-00012-00008117-00008697 sky I know it's gonna be all right yeah cause we my brother Just Like Blood Brothers
-IYi2dsBgQA-00013-00008697-00009300 [Music]
-IYi2dsBgQA-00014-00009300-00010504 [Music] [Applause]
-IYi2dsBgQA-00015-00010504-00012128 [Music] now I'm writing all these letters to the habits I wish I could just pour another
-IYi2dsBgQA-00016-00012128-00013419 beverage and drink with my dog some other [__] then I swear I wish you was here
-IYi2dsBgQA-00017-00013419-00015178 so you can check me these fake friends upset me I got you tatted on my chest dreams together
-IYi2dsBgQA-00018-00015178-00015406 [Music]
-IYi2dsBgQA-00019-00015406-00016090 home [Applause] [Music]
-IYi2dsBgQA-00020-00016090-00016318 [Music]
-p9EO_HmT9o-00000-00001680-00002018 These sporty actors did not like each other at all
-p9EO_HmT9o-00001-00002322-00003005 Ryan gosling and rachel mcadams did date for a while, which makes the fact that they clashed on the set of the notebook pretty unbelievable
-p9EO_HmT9o-00002-00003063-00003745 The director recalled putting them in a room together to hash out their differences and hearing them shouted each other the entire time
-p9EO_HmT9o-00003-00003777-00004174 They came out of the room ready to film again, and it was smooth sailing from there
-p9EO_HmT9o-00004-00004359-00005077 Lucy Liu threw punches at Bill Murray on the set of Charlie's Angels after he told her she couldn't act mid-scene jikes
-p9EO_HmT9o-00005-00005118-00005722 Bill murray wasn't part of the sequel. He was replaced by Bernie Mac, which is probably due to his behavior on set
-p9EO_HmT9o-00006-00005783-00006016 Apparently Lew and Murray are friends now though
-p9EO_HmT9o-00007-00006230-00006853 Janet Hubert used to play Will's aunt in Fresh Prince of bel-air, but somewhere between season three and four
-p9EO_HmT9o-00008-00006854-00007462 They replaced her ever wonder why that's because Janet and will did not play well together on set
-p9EO_HmT9o-00009-00007463-00007894 She claimed that working with will was a nightmare and that he was a bit of a diva
-p9EO_HmT9o-00010-00008111-00008629 While filming lawless Shia LaBeouf actually knocked Tom Hardy out out cold
-p9EO_HmT9o-00011-00008651-00009244 Tom said he's a bad bad boy. He is. He's quite intimidating as well. He's a scary dude
-p9EO_HmT9o-00012-00009246-00009808 He just attacked me. He was drinking moonshine. I was wearing a cardigan and her went down
-p9EO_HmT9o-00013-00010023-00010282 Patrick Swayze didn't like working with Jennifer Grey
-p9EO_HmT9o-00014-00010296-00010834 He said she'd fall apart at any criticism thrown her way and would slip into silly moods
-p9EO_HmT9o-00015-00010878-00011240 Forcing us to do scenes over and over again when she'd start laughing
-p9EO_HmT9o-00016-00011337-00012023 Jennifer didn't return the animosity and heck they made a great movie together and dirty dancing so we can't think about this one too much
-p9EO_HmT9o-00017-00012264-00012587 Here we see LaBeouf included in the countdown yet again
-p9EO_HmT9o-00018-00012606-00013072 He started another feud when he tweeted bad about orphans co-star Alec Baldwin
-p9EO_HmT9o-00019-00013091-00013831 Saying the theatre belongs not to the great but to the brash and acting is not for gentlemen. What they do is anti art
-p9EO_HmT9o-00020-00013895-00014341 Alec responded by saying LaBeouf didn't know what theatre is or isn't about
-p9EO_HmT9o-00021-00014563-00015276 Freddie Prinze jr. Came on 24 for one season and said Kiefer Sutherland was the most unprofessional dude in the world
-p9EO_HmT9o-00022-00015306-00015765 I think everyone that worked with him would say that we don't know whether his statements were valid
-p9EO_HmT9o-00023-00015765-00016343 But we do know that Kiefer was the star of 24 for nearly a decade not him. So there's that
-p9EO_HmT9o-00024-00016570-00016889 Sharing didn't like co-star Billy Baldwin while filming sliver
-p9EO_HmT9o-00025-00016909-00017484 She had such animosity towards him that she repeatedly bit his tongue while filming a love scene. Ouch
-p9EO_HmT9o-00026-00017737-00018396 Steven Spielberg's jaws is a classic but co-stars Richard Dreyfuss and Robert Shaw couldn't stand each other
-p9EO_HmT9o-00027-00018442-00018956 Shaw was known to be a bit of a playboy hooking up with women on Martha's Vineyard while filming the movie
-p9EO_HmT9o-00028-00019024-00019463 Dreyfuss knew this and was known to steal his drinks and throw them overboard during their downtime
-p9EO_HmT9o-00029-00019735-00020220 That's right, even the most iconic droids in the galaxy fought like cats and dogs
-p9EO_HmT9o-00030-00020281-00020410 Kenny Baker
-p9EO_HmT9o-00031-00020410-00020868 R2d2 said that Anthony Daniels was boring and infuriating to be around
-p9EO_HmT9o-00032-00020868-00021560 I don't know about you, but c-3po is probably the most annoying character in film history. So there could be some truth to that
-p9EO_HmT9o-00033-00021820-00022364 Claire Danes didn't like working with Leonardo DiCaprio on Romeo and Juliet. She didn't like that
-p9EO_HmT9o-00034-00022365-00022986 He was a prankster on set and apparently found him very immature Leo in turn thought she was standoffish and haughty
-p9EO_HmT9o-00035-00023026-00023483 Who knows where the truth lies all we know is they had great chemistry on scene
-p9EO_HmT9o-00036-00023722-00024161 Dustin Hoffman and Meryl Streep produced the Academy Award winner Kramer vs Kramer
-p9EO_HmT9o-00037-00024226-00024482 Despite Hoffman not liking Streep in the least bit
-p9EO_HmT9o-00038-00024517-00024752 The movies about a couple going through a painful divorce
-p9EO_HmT9o-00039-00024760-00025271 And it didn't help that Hoffman was going through the same thing in his personal life during the filming
-p9EO_HmT9o-00040-00025300-00025752 He brought some of his baggage to set but Meryl didn't seem to notice or care
-p9EO_HmT9o-00041-00026013-00026372 Mariah and Nicki Minaj filmed an entire season of American Idol
-p9EO_HmT9o-00042-00026437-00026613 Constantly at each other's throats
-p9EO_HmT9o-00043-00026613-00026808 It's a wonder they got through it
-p9EO_HmT9o-00044-00026808-00027444 Mariah would later say it was like hell it was like going to work every day in hell with Satan. Who knows?
-p9EO_HmT9o-00045-00027444-00027644 Where the blame lies?
-p9EO_HmT9o-00046-00027765-00028304 Howard Stern got James Franco to open up about his Oscars co-host and Hathaway in
-p9EO_HmT9o-00047-00028356-00028907 2013 James said she was a goody two-shoes and didn't exactly defend her when the DJ
-p9EO_HmT9o-00048-00028944-00029231 Started yapping about all the katha haters out there
-p9EO_HmT9o-00049-00029500-00030131 Tommy Lee Jones didn't like Jim Carrey so much that he refused to sit with him for lunch in between filming of Batman Forever
-p9EO_HmT9o-00050-00030195-00030638 Tommy later told Jim that he hated him and couldn't sanction his buffoonery
-p9EO_HmT9o-00051-00030697-00031344 Wow, Jim says the animosity may have come because Dumb and Dumber smashed Tommy Lee's Cobb at the box office
-p9EO_HmT9o-00052-00031494-00031641 As
-p9EO_HmT9o-00053-00031641-00032069 If we need any more reason to cancel the entire Fifty Shades of Grey franchise
-p9EO_HmT9o-00054-00032127-00032573 Apparently Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson don't have a lot of chemistry on set
-p9EO_HmT9o-00055-00032622-00033356 Jamie wasn't really trying to reprise her role either in the sequels. So that shows you how he feels and felt about everything
-p9EO_HmT9o-00056-00033669-00034130 Harrison Ford openly called Josh Hartnett a punk during filming of Hollywood homicide
-p9EO_HmT9o-00057-00034215-00034727 Hartnett later said there were times we would end up sitting in the car when we were supposed to be doing a scene and
-p9EO_HmT9o-00058-00034750-00034994 Neither of us would say anything for like an hour
-p9EO_HmT9o-00059-00035269-00035538 Marie and Sophia Bush never really had a beef
-p9EO_HmT9o-00060-00035538-00035609 in fact
-p9EO_HmT9o-00061-00035609-00036200 They got married a year after meeting one another the problem Marie cheated on Sophia later on and they got divorced
-p9EO_HmT9o-00062-00036238-00036674 Too bad. They had to keep filming One Tree Hill together for a couple years afterwards
-p9EO_HmT9o-00063-00036923-00037609 Betty Davis and Joan Crawford's feud might be the most famous on the list when making whatever happened to Baby Jane
-p9EO_HmT9o-00064-00037658-00038002 Davis allegedly kicked Crawford in the head at one point
-p9EO_HmT9o-00065-00038057-00038563 Crawford returned the favor by rigging herself with weights in a scene where Davis was supposed to drag her from bed
-p9EO_HmT9o-00066-00038615-00038983 Maddie ended up getting a back injury. This one got pretty wild
-p9EO_HmT9o-00067-00039245-00039865 Ryan Reynolds isn't to blame for this one Wesley Snipes got a reputation for being pretty pretentious on set only
-p9EO_HmT9o-00068-00039932-00040681 Communicating with the director via handwritten notes at one point Wesley told the director he needed to quit in incredible
-p9EO_HmT9o-00069-00043187-00043387 You
-pijbnEto6g-00000-00000017-00000399 Hello, I'm Andrés Meza Escallón and today we are going to use data science to
-pijbnEto6g-00001-00000399-00000882 determine once and for all who is more sexually explicit: Bad Bunny or José José.
-pijbnEto6g-00002-00000882-00001777 Welcome. [Music]
-pijbnEto6g-00003-00001777-00002197 Camila has an argument with her teacher. According to the teacher,
-pijbnEto6g-00004-00002197-00002557 today's youth is very vulgar and even pornographic compared to what youth
-pijbnEto6g-00005-00002557-00002961 was like when she was the same age as her student. Camila argues that
-pijbnEto6g-00006-00002961-00003289 all generations say that about the generation that follows, starting with
-pijbnEto6g-00007-00003289-00003687 Socrates, who back in 400 BC said that young people were
-pijbnEto6g-00008-00003687-00004380 lazy, rude, and disrespectful. But the teacher does not yield.
-pijbnEto6g-00009-00004380-00004797 So to settle this disagreement, they decide to do an experiment using
-pijbnEto6g-00010-00004797-00005094 a song from each generation as a parameter to determine which
-pijbnEto6g-00011-00005094-00005533 was more pornographic. The teacher chooses "Give me something" by Bad Bunny,
-pijbnEto6g-00012-00005533-00006019 Wisin & Yandel as a representative of today's youth. Camila chooses
-pijbnEto6g-00013-00006019-00006409 “I'm going to fill you all up whole” by José José as a sample of what the young people of
-pijbnEto6g-00014-00006409-00006852 the previous generation listened to. But how to make a fairly objective
-pijbnEto6g-00015-00006852-00007292 comparison with something as subjective as "the sexual content" of a song?
-pijbnEto6g-00016-00007292-00007827 Well, let's go there. Putting to work, Camila and her teacher find
-pijbnEto6g-00017-00007827-00008241 that many different types of data can be extracted from each song.
-pijbnEto6g-00018-00008241-00008646 For example, the most frequent words of each song can be counted, which is
-pijbnEto6g-00019-00008646-00009081 an example of QUANTITATIVE DATA, that is, that can be measured
-pijbnEto6g-00020-00009081-00009571 objectively, with numbers, that can be ordered, added, averaged, etc.
-pijbnEto6g-00021-00009571-00010117 In the case of José José, the most frequent words in his song are “all” and “going”
-pijbnEto6g-00022-00010117-00010747 with 8 appearances each, "loving”, “my” and “without” that appear 6 times.
-pijbnEto6g-00023-00010747-00011220 Since these are whole numbers (without decimals) they correspond to
-pijbnEto6g-00024-00011220-00011662 DISCRETE QUANTITATIVE DATA. Doing a similar exercise with Bad Bunny,
-pijbnEto6g-00025-00011662-00012238 "today" represents 4.3% of the words, "something" and "you"
-pijbnEto6g-00026-00012238-00012562 3.1% each, "gimme" and "wanna" 2.3% each.
-pijbnEto6g-00027-00012562-00013069 In this case, we not only count the number of times each word appears,
-pijbnEto6g-00028-00013069-00013516 but we are also comparing it with the total number of words in the song.
-pijbnEto6g-00029-00013516-00013906 Thus, the percentage of the total that represents the count of each word
-pijbnEto6g-00030-00013906-00014353 is another type of quantitative data, but since it is not an integer (it has decimal figures)
-pijbnEto6g-00031-00014353-00014951 it corresponds to the type of CONTINUOUS QUANTITATIVE DATA.
-pijbnEto6g-00032-00014951-00015331 In addition, as in this case the proportion (percentage) that a word
-pijbnEto6g-00033-00015331-00015854 occupies within the total count cannot be less than 0% or greater than 100%,
-pijbnEto6g-00034-00015854-00016387 it is also said to be a QUANTITATIVE RANGE DATA because there cannot be
-pijbnEto6g-00035-00016387-00016777 values outside of those limits. Following the analysis of Bad Bunny's song,
-pijbnEto6g-00036-00016777-00017233 some 'controversial' expressions such as "perreo", "fucked" and "bellaqueo"
-pijbnEto6g-00037-00017233-00017674 were putting Camila in trouble because they are among
-pijbnEto6g-00038-00017674-00018159 the 20 most frequent words (each one is 1.5% of the total count).
-pijbnEto6g-00039-00018159-00018532 Fortunately, the teacher agreed that it is not the words that are vulgar
-pijbnEto6g-00040-00018532-00018979 but how they are put together. So they put QUANTITATIVE data aside
-pijbnEto6g-00041-00018979-00019465 and started looking for QUALITATIVE data, that is, data that represents qualities
-pijbnEto6g-00042-00019465-00019956 that can be observed but not necessarily measured or quantified with a number.
-pijbnEto6g-00043-00019956-00020467 They tried to classify the words by type (such as noun, verb, article, pronoun, connector).
-pijbnEto6g-00044-00020467-00020923 These values correspond to NOMINAL CATEGORIC DATA,
-pijbnEto6g-00045-00020923-00021360 since they represent loose categories with no relationship between them,
-pijbnEto6g-00046-00021360-00021687 which cannot be ordered from highest to lowest, so they were not useful in
-pijbnEto6g-00047-00021687-00022007 this experiment. They then decided to classify
-pijbnEto6g-00048-00022007-00022459 expressions of each song into three categories of "sexual content":
-pijbnEto6g-00049-00022459-00022898 explicit, implicit and neutral. These values also correspond to QUALITATIVE DATA.
-pijbnEto6g-00050-00022898-00023292 And although numerical operations cannot be done with qualitative data,
-pijbnEto6g-00051-00023292-00023798 in this case it is clear that there is an order among the values: the
-pijbnEto6g-00052-00023798-00024290 "explicit" category denotes more sexual content than the "implicit", and "implicit" is
-pijbnEto6g-00053-00024290-00024750 a bit more sexually charged than "neutraL". That is why the sexual content
-pijbnEto6g-00054-00024750-00025298 data will be a QUALITATIVE ORDINAL one. Excel tables at hand they used a
-pijbnEto6g-00055-00025298-00025664 QUALITATIVE data (the classification) to to obtain a QUANTITAIVE data,
-pijbnEto6g-00056-00025664-00026101 meaning, the count for how many words are in each category.
-pijbnEto6g-00057-00026101-00026500 They concluded that "give me something" has three different expressions of explicit
-pijbnEto6g-00058-00026500-00026968 level while "I'm gonna fill you up whole" has five. Let's see.
-pijbnEto6g-00059-00026968-00027258 The explicit expressions of José José's song are:
-pijbnEto6g-00060-00027258-00027833 Take off quickly everything else Let my hands run where you shiver
-pijbnEto6g-00061-00027833-00028522 I want to finally have you and make you mine now I'm gonna fill you up whole, whole, slowly and
-pijbnEto6g-00062-00028522-00029152 little by little with my kisses. I'm gonna fill you up whole, whole, and cover your entire body
-pijbnEto6g-00063-00029152-00029530 with my love. Now, the explicit expressions in Bad Bunny's
-pijbnEto6g-00064-00029530-00030100 song: While more she moves it more it grows. Today I make you triplets, if not, twins.
-pijbnEto6g-00065-00030100-00030506 To the motel and fuck a couple of times.
-pijbnEto6g-00066-00030506-00030988 And so on and so forth. But before comparing both songs a little issue
-pijbnEto6g-00067-00030988-00031408 needs to be solved: it so happens that "Give me something" has many more unique expressions
-pijbnEto6g-00068-00031408-00031793 than "I'm gonna fill you up whole", meaning that the songs don't have the same
-pijbnEto6g-00069-00031793-00032137 extent and we'll be comparing pears to apples.
-pijbnEto6g-00070-00032137-00032620 So, to be able to compare data between them, they took them to a common
-pijbnEto6g-00071-00032620-00033056 measure. Meaning the ratio that every category occupies of the expressions
-pijbnEto6g-00072-00033056-00033541 total in each song. So, they took the data to create Excel pivot
-pijbnEto6g-00073-00033541-00033977 tables turning the counting (discrete quantitative data) into
-pijbnEto6g-00074-00033977-00034654 percentages (continuous quantitive data) from which they got this graphic:
-pijbnEto6g-00075-00034654-00034958 They concluded two things from the experiment: first, that "I'm gonna
-pijbnEto6g-00076-00034958-00035408 fill you up whole" is proportionally a lot more explicit having into account the
-pijbnEto6g-00077-00035408-00035855 lyric extent. The second is that the expressions with explicit sexual
-pijbnEto6g-00078-00035855-00036430 content of "give me something" are a lot more "colorful" than those from the other song.
-pijbnEto6g-00079-00036430-00036856 In conclusion, we can use different data types to analyze something but
-pijbnEto6g-00080-00036856-00037194 at the end it depends on which is the criteria we want to use to choose
-pijbnEto6g-00081-00037194-00037627 which song is more explicit. Please leave in the comments which of the two
-pijbnEto6g-00082-00037627-00038005 songs you consider more explicit and why. If you use some of the data that
-pijbnEto6g-00083-00038005-00038275 we showed in the video even better.
-pijbnEto6g-00084-00038275-00038659 Regarding Camila and her teacher, seeing that they couldn't solve the disagreement
-pijbnEto6g-00085-00038659-00039028 they burst in laughter and instead kept looking for more songs in Youtube.
-pijbnEto6g-00086-00039028-00039670 Thank you.
-pLS_36mDJo-00000-00001384-00001972 today's video is highly requested one, water mask how to video!
-pLS_36mDJo-00001-00002138-00002646 I mentioned it already in my skincare tip video,
-pLS_36mDJo-00002-00002646-00003240 some of you doubted it could be a sponsor video,
-pLS_36mDJo-00003-00003240-00004106 since then I have been using it everyday, watermask is already going viral !
-pLS_36mDJo-00004-00004138-00004580 I know everyone's skin is different so it can go wrong too
-pLS_36mDJo-00005-00004580-00005978 however, water mask is one of the most easiest and natural skincare method.
-pLS_36mDJo-00006-00006012-00007384 I am not forcing you to buy products, I don't get money from these brands, so please don't buy if you are not sure about the products.
-pLS_36mDJo-00007-00007384-00007954 let's get this video started!
-pLS_36mDJo-00008-00008158-00009068 first of all, we need to talk about definition of water mask.
-pLS_36mDJo-00009-00009152-00009422 what is water mask?
-pLS_36mDJo-00010-00009422-00010308 I didn't invent this, I also learned from experts.
-pLS_36mDJo-00011-00010360-00011438 water mask is using cotton pads soaked with toner/mist/skin in general.
-pLS_36mDJo-00012-00011438-00011910 then which type of products can be used?
-pLS_36mDJo-00013-00011910-00013016 I want to tell you which type is not good, so that you can find your own fit.
-pLS_36mDJo-00014-00013026-00013854 firstly, don't use products including too many ingredients.
-pLS_36mDJo-00015-00013908-00015297 that many natural ingredients are included doesn't mean it doesn't sensitize your skin.
-pLS_36mDJo-00016-00015318-00016363 over 20 ingredients are too much, I say.
-pLS_36mDJo-00017-00016363-00016764 secondly, alcohol cannot be included.
-pLS_36mDJo-00018-00016764-00017976 it can sensitize your skin especially if you have redness.
-pLS_36mDJo-00019-00018014-00018280 also, it should be sticky.
-pLS_36mDJo-00020-00018358-00019388 sticky toner can stack on your facial skin and sensitize your pores.
-pLS_36mDJo-00021-00019408-00019972 other than that, you can choose products you like.
-pLS_36mDJo-00022-00019972-00020828 let me show you the products I use everyday.
-pLS_36mDJo-00023-00020828-00021350 it's ebewzio pore water.
-pLS_36mDJo-00024-00021360-00021878 I have refills and spray using small bottle.
-pLS_36mDJo-00025-00021878-00022568 next product is etude house soonjung toner.
-pLS_36mDJo-00026-00022568-00024290 water mask is easy to use. spray mist/toner and attatch soaked cotton pads. wait for 10 mins. done!
-pLS_36mDJo-00027-00024314-00025436 I also spray frequently so that the cotton pads wouldn't get dry.
-pLS_36mDJo-00028-00025494-00026654 if you try water mask for the first time, don't try this everyday. give your skin to adjust.
-pLS_36mDJo-00029-00026654-00027212 I think 2-3 times a week would be great.
-pLS_36mDJo-00030-00027212-00027836 when you get used to water mask, you can do more often.
-pLS_36mDJo-00031-00027866-00029650 plus, if you have super dry skin, you can apply a thin layer of ampoule or cream before water mask.
-pLS_36mDJo-00032-00029782-00031156 you can do the same process of basic water mask, just add ampoule or cream before spraying mist/toner.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00000-00000206-00002609 Microboards are committed to respecting principles of  self-direct supports. They follow the direction of the focus person, regardless of how that person communicates and the of complexity of support needs.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00001-00002610-00003876 Jeff has complex needs. His board works in partnership with him following his direction, interests and needs. The board holds the contracted funds for his services and are the service provider of those services. Jeff provides the direction and the
-PSaFlF3OQy-00002-00003876-00005146 board provides the infrastructure to honor that direction.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00003-00005146-00007653 Vela has 6 principles that Microboards follow These statements reflect those principles. All boards supported by Vela use the principles as their essential building blocks and the philosophy for their supports and services.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00004-00007653-00008903 This is how the first four principles are acted on by Jeff’s Microboard.  They are mutual friends. When they were younger Jeff was the guy with the most floor space in his place.  They made beer together at his place because it made sense to make it in
-PSaFlF3OQy-00005-00008903-00010156 the largest space.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00006-00010156-00012656 These statements cover off the rest of the Principles as belief statements, expressing the focus and intent of Microboards
-PSaFlF3OQy-00007-00012656-00013906 Jeff’s Microboard members see the relationships with Jeff and one another as dynamic and reciprocal.  They assist him in participating in activities like para-sailing, hang-gliding and or recreation. He returns the favour, with the help of his personal
-PSaFlF3OQy-00008-00013906-00015159 assistants, by babysitting or taking care of a pet, etc.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00009-00015160-00016413 Microboards recognize the inherent value of natural relationships and honour those relationships.  They also realize some people may require additional assistance to carry out their activities of daily living and they should chose who helps them and
-PSaFlF3OQy-00010-00016413-00017666 when that help is provided.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00011-00017666-00018919 Microboard members time is not paid, but they may choose to hire staff if needed to provide support to the person, and they can become the employer of record, hiring, training and supervising staff. The individual is always the leader in this process.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00012-00018920-00020173 The board members support as indicated and needed.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00013-00020173-00022676 Jeff has input throughout the process and at a level he feels most comfortable with. He doesn’t write the actual cheques but he directs others to do so.  The board members handle the administration of the society, Jeff provides the direction and review.
-PSaFlF3OQy-00014-00022676-00025173 Jeff created the second Microboard in British Columbia, it has been active since he was 21 years old. Many things have changed over the years, but those changes were reflective of Jeff’s lifestyle changes, his health needs and his aspirations.
-SguvMihwny-00000-00000146-00000822 So you're using Quicktime to record your tutorials. Can you just go through a
-SguvMihwny-00001-00000822-00001167 recording of your tutorial and then I'll show you how to edit and add
-SguvMihwny-00002-00001167-00001689 music and titles? Sure yep, so currently I've got it turned on so
-SguvMihwny-00003-00001689-00002208 normally I'd prep myself get it ready and then start so I'll make a start
-SguvMihwny-00004-00002208-00002691 "Hi everyone today we're going to look at how to make a lace trim
-SguvMihwny-00005-00002691-00003209 now this lace trim you might want to put on say a camisole top a little slip
-SguvMihwny-00006-00003209-00003836 dress so quite often you'll find in apparel and intimates there'll be a
-SguvMihwny-00007-00003836-00004323 little lace trim now to draw this from scratch, this example here is gonna be
-SguvMihwny-00008-00004323-00004845 quite time consuming. Quite complex. So my suggestion is if you find an image on
-SguvMihwny-00009-00004845-00005043 the Internet. Now you can see these are actually
-SguvMihwny-00010-00005043-00005714 drawings of lace. If you type lace trim you're going to get a photo of lace trim
-SguvMihwny-00011-00005714-00006600 you want a drawn on lace trim so we're gonna have to do is type in vector lace trim and you'll find these images
-SguvMihwny-00012-00006600-00007022 now depending where you saw some you will need to reference them and
-SguvMihwny-00013-00007022-00007556 acknowledge we source them in your work but these are the better ones to use now
-SguvMihwny-00014-00007556-00008064 I've got an example of here of what not to use this gray one the reason I'm
-SguvMihwny-00015-00008064-00008553 saying don't use this is you can see it's quite blurry and it's grey against
-SguvMihwny-00016-00008553-00009057 white so the technique we're going to do is image trace make and expand now you
-SguvMihwny-00017-00009057-00009640 need a strong contrast this image here is much better you can see it's clear
-SguvMihwny-00018-00009640-00009990 the black against white you've got really sharp lines so we're gonna use
-SguvMihwny-00019-00009990-00010529 that one so to start with our trim, I want the bottom one so if I click on my
-SguvMihwny-00020-00010529-00011136 image you can see it's a full image so what we need to do is image trace. Now there is a
-SguvMihwny-00021-00011136-00011983 few different ways you can do it we can go "Object" "Image trace" "Make and expand"
-SguvMihwny-00022-00011983-00012316 and what that will do the program recognizes the difference between the
-SguvMihwny-00023-00012316-00012826 black and the white. The other place you can see it is generally at the top so
-SguvMihwny-00024-00012826-00013327 going to do command Z now the new versions the bar is missing but if
-SguvMihwny-00025-00013327-00014047 you're going to window workspace automation you'll see when you highlight
-SguvMihwny-00026-00014047-00014536 a black and white image image trace will come up for you, so again I managed to do
-SguvMihwny-00027-00014536-00015280 image trace and you'll find an expand button should come up "Expand" so that's
-SguvMihwny-00028-00015280-00015640 the two different places you can find it. Now I only want to use this bottom
-SguvMihwny-00029-00015640-00016261 trim so what I'm going to do is click on the white and delete now the rest of
-SguvMihwny-00030-00016261-00016528 this white is going to be very irritating to go through you're not
-SguvMihwny-00031-00016528-00016840 going to go through and do each one individually so what you can do is click
-SguvMihwny-00032-00016840-00017629 on one and then go to "Select" "Same" "Fill Color" that will pick up all the white, be
-SguvMihwny-00033-00017629-00017893 careful if you've got other drawings that are white because it's going to get
-SguvMihwny-00034-00017893-00018427 rid of that as well. I'm going to hit delete and I don't need these two top
-SguvMihwny-00035-00018427-00019210 ones so I can hit delete. Leaving me just for that lace trim now what I want to do
-SguvMihwny-00036-00019210-00019729 is put this into brushes you can drag it in as black but I suggest you all to
-SguvMihwny-00037-00019729-00020311 make it a color because changing one color to another it's much
-SguvMihwny-00038-00020311-00020959 easier than making black into a color so I'm gonna make this red and depending if
-SguvMihwny-00039-00020959-00021586 you're on a Mac or PC it might go grey Can you all see how that's gone grey?
-SguvMihwny-00040-00021586-00022003 Because the original image was black and white the computer is assuming you want
-SguvMihwny-00041-00022003-00022438 to work in greyscale but we don't, so what I'm going to do is go to "Window"
-SguvMihwny-00042-00022438-00023065 and "Color" and you just have to tell the computer thank you but I don't want gray
-SguvMihwny-00043-00023065-00023673 tone I want to in color so RGB and that will bring it back to color I'm gonna
-SguvMihwny-00044-00023673-00024397 zoom out a little bit I'll drag this now onto the white area I work is the
-SguvMihwny-00045-00024397-00024925 gray before so you could see it the white image gets a gray we don't need
-SguvMihwny-00046-00024925-00025351 that now but here's my trim. Look depending on the
-SguvMihwny-00047-00025351-00025681 version you've got your older versions you may need to cut this and shorten
-SguvMihwny-00048-00025681-00026164 that I can show that in a more advanced tutorial but I'm gonna leave it as is
-SguvMihwny-00049-00026164-00027247 and go to brushes "Window" "Brushes" and all I'm gonna do is take that drag in so and
-SguvMihwny-00050-00027247-00028170 then release and we want a "Pattern brush" Okay now with lace trim you're not going
-SguvMihwny-00051-00028170-00028614 to be able to sew it into the corner unless it's couture, we're just doing
-SguvMihwny-00052-00028614-00029077 mass apparel so don't worry about your beginning your end all your corners but
-SguvMihwny-00053-00029077-00029461 you do need to worry about your color if you leave it as none this lace will
-SguvMihwny-00054-00029461-00029841 always stay red but if you say you want it pink purple
-SguvMihwny-00055-00029841-00030070 you don't want to do the whole process again
-SguvMihwny-00056-00030070-00030517 so what we're going to do is go to "Method" "Colorization" and change it to hue shift
-SguvMihwny-00057-00030517-00031144 You'll find in your brushes or pop-up so
-SguvMihwny-00058-00031144-00031561 you can see this is the one I got ready and this is the one I just popped in so
-SguvMihwny-00059-00031561-00032116 going to draw a line I'll actually use a curved line because a lot to check how
-SguvMihwny-00060-00032116-00032716 it's going to look on a curve will make that from a fill to a stroke and click
-SguvMihwny-00061-00032716-00033193 on a brush and there's our lovely lace trim now if you wanted it a bit smaller
-SguvMihwny-00062-00033193-00034114 you could scale this original first or if you go to "Stroke" you can actually on
-SguvMihwny-00063-00034114-00034765 your stroke weight make it narrow so let's do a little zoom in so I've got a
-SguvMihwny-00064-00034765-00035662 thinner smaller more delicate lace trim and I'm going to change it to there's a
-SguvMihwny-00065-00035662-00035979 purple pink and
-SguvMihwny-00066-00036125-00036791 so this techniques good if she haven't established your colors or you're thinking if
-SguvMihwny-00067-00036791-00037088 certain color is gonna look good and then you see it and think that's not quite right
-SguvMihwny-00068-00037088-00037668 and that's it, that's our little tutorial on how to do a lace trim. Speak
-SguvMihwny-00069-00037668-00038136 to you soon. Thanks for recording that tutorial and so what
-SguvMihwny-00070-00038136-00038503 we'll do now is we'll just stop recording your screen recording and just
-SguvMihwny-00071-00038503-00038978 save that video on the desktop
-SL5J8WqwVI-00000-00000057-00000434 Nicola Toki, DOC's Threatened Species Ambassador: New Zealand has such a rich and complex marine environment.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00001-00000434-00000967 We know there's at least 15,000 different species that live in our oceans, estuaries
-SL5J8WqwVI-00002-00000968-00001116 and everywhere in between.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00003-00001116-00001520 But scientists reckon that there maybe as many as 65,000!
-SL5J8WqwVI-00004-00001605-00002018 Part of our job at DOC is to monitor and project the marine environment and all the different
-SL5J8WqwVI-00005-00002018-00002192 creatures that call it home.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00006-00002192-00002605 We run research programmes like this lobster (crayfish) potting work off the coast of Gisborne
-SL5J8WqwVI-00007-00002605-00003072 so that scientists can better understand what's going on beneath us.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00008-00003072-00003447 [Music, noise of pots being pulled in, lobster being put in bucket and measured.]
-SL5J8WqwVI-00009-00003447-00003764 Jamie Quirk, DOC ranger: So this is part of our lobster monitoring project.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00010-00003764-00004088 We have around about 50 pots in and around the reserve.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00011-00004090-00004400 We lift them for 5 days in a row.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00012-00004400-00004619 We sex, size and measure them.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00013-00004619-00005219 And it's an integral part of assisting DOC in looking at data for other marine reserves,
-SL5J8WqwVI-00014-00005220-00005498 and comparing it to what happens in other reserves.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00015-00005498-00005760 [Music]
-SL5J8WqwVI-00016-00005760-00006068 Nicola: This work is part of a marine research and monitoring programme
-SL5J8WqwVI-00017-00006068-00006290 that's supported by Air New Zealand.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00018-00006291-00006727 Through programmes like this we're able to monitor and report on the health of our oceans
-SL5J8WqwVI-00019-00006727-00007081 and the incredible diversity that exists within them.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00020-00007081-00007595 We're also able to get a better understanding of some of the pressures that our oceans face,
-SL5J8WqwVI-00021-00007595-00008006 and then the actions we need to take to improve their health.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00022-00008006-00008846 [Music, Nicola laughing and measuring lobster: 694...]
-SL5J8WqwVI-00023-00008846-00009422 As Kiwis we're lucky to be surrounded by endless coastline, and we all want clean, healthy
-SL5J8WqwVI-00024-00009422-00010005 oceans that we can swim in, gather kaimoana from and be proud of.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00025-00010005-00010475 Science monitoring work like this is crucial for us to get a better understanding of what's
-SL5J8WqwVI-00026-00010475-00010836 going on in our oceans, so that we can make sure we look after it.
-SL5J8WqwVI-00027-00011026-00011356 [Department of Conservation, Te Papa Atawhai - www.doc.govt.nz/marine]
-TpN5d201SA-00000-00000040-00000520 If you look into your own mind,
-TpN5d201SA-00001-00000520-00001704 if you look into your own persona  of what you consider yourself to be,
-TpN5d201SA-00002-00001704-00002244 normally what you call as a personality,
-TpN5d201SA-00003-00002244-00003022 is essentially different levels of constipation (Few laugh).
-TpN5d201SA-00004-00003022-00003546 I don’t like this, I can't stand this, I can't do this, I can't do that, I only like this,
-TpN5d201SA-00005-00003546-00004342 I cannot like that - different levels of constipation.
-TpN5d201SA-00006-00004342-00004748 What causes this constipation?
-TpN5d201SA-00007-00004748-00005900 Constipation in its physiological sense means constriction of a tract.
-TpN5d201SA-00008-00005900-00006756 Here, it’s constriction of one’s mind and consciousness that it’s held,
-TpN5d201SA-00009-00006756-00007386 there is no free flow of life.
-TpN5d201SA-00010-00007386-00007695 Its restricted because
-TpN5d201SA-00011-00007695-00008454 your ability to experience your life is only through the instruments of your body and your mind.
-TpN5d201SA-00012-00008454-00009180 Either your body or your mind in some way constricted means
-TpN5d201SA-00013-00009180-00010010 your ability to experience life also gets constipated.
-TpN5d201SA-00014-00010010-00010580 This happens in many ways (Laughs), you will be surprised,
-TpN5d201SA-00015-00010580-00010946 many of you think you have grown out of those things but
-TpN5d201SA-00016-00010946-00011630 when you are ten years of age, your mama tch,
-TpN5d201SA-00017-00011630-00011908 your uncle I mean (Few laugh).
-TpN5d201SA-00018-00011908-00012432 Your mama said something, he called you an idiot.
-TpN5d201SA-00019-00012432-00013119 Now, you are fifty but still forty years ago he called you an idiot, it still bothers you,
-TpN5d201SA-00020-00013119-00013786 when you see his face  'He called me an idiot!'
-TpN5d201SA-00021-00013786-00014109 Like this it goes on.
-TpN5d201SA-00022-00014109-00015010 The more concretized your persona is  or your personality is,
-TpN5d201SA-00023-00015010-00015586 the more nicks and wounds you carry upon yourself.
-TpN5d201SA-00024-00015586-00016478 And these are not physiological wounds to heal  because they are self-inflicted wounds.
-TpN5d201SA-00025-00016479-00017499 These are being carried as badges  of life’s experience, so they don’t go.
-TpN5d201SA-00026-00017499-00018006 Because of this - I like this guy, I don’t like this guy, I love this person,
-TpN5d201SA-00027-00018006-00018480 I hate this person, I can't stand this person, all this has happened.
-TpN5d201SA-00028-00018480-00018854 Next twenty-four hours you must do this,
-TpN5d201SA-00029-00018854-00019270 all these mamas, friends, enemies, nonsense…
-TpN5d201SA-00030-00019270-00020016 you don’t have to tell them 'I love you', not necessary.
-TpN5d201SA-00031-00020016-00020820 Within yourself, you must come to a total sense of acceptance of everything.
-TpN5d201SA-00032-00020820-00021404 So, somebody said something, somebody did something, somebody stepped on your foot,
-TpN5d201SA-00033-00021404-00022012 somebody stepped on your head, twenty-four hours tch,
-TpN5d201SA-00034-00022012-00022492 just small prescription, only for twenty-four hours,
-TpN5d201SA-00035-00022492-00023256 come to an absolute acceptance of everything - your mental things, your emotional things,
-TpN5d201SA-00036-00023256-00023784 your bodily things, every damn thing and the social things,
-TpN5d201SA-00037-00023784-00024256 just simply accepting it as it is.
-TpN5d201SA-00038-00024256-00024852 You don’t have to do anything with anybody, just within yourself.
-TpN5d201SA-00039-00024852-00025490 If you just do this, life will happen on a larger scale.
-U8mccDmS0M-00000-00000042-00000154 HEY TRIPPSTERS=
-U8mccDmS0M-00001-00000246-00000374 13 reasons why
-U8mccDmS0M-00002-00000459-00000530 tape 1
-U8mccDmS0M-00003-00000572-00000660 side A
-U8mccDmS0M-00004-00000726-00000822 spoiler alert
-U8mccDmS0M-00005-00000880-00001152 if you have not watched the series or you have not read the book
-U8mccDmS0M-00006-00001152-00001338 and you don't wanna know what happens
-U8mccDmS0M-00007-00001352-00001472 stop watching now
-U8mccDmS0M-00008-00001494-00001832 ok, because i'm about to tell you exactly what happens
-U8mccDmS0M-00009-00001952-00002002 ok
-U8mccDmS0M-00010-00002036-00002094 tape 1
-U8mccDmS0M-00011-00002140-00002216 side A
-U8mccDmS0M-00012-00002324-00002512 is about Justin Foley
-U8mccDmS0M-00013-00002664-00002752 Justin Foley
-U8mccDmS0M-00014-00002786-00002916 is a jock
-U8mccDmS0M-00015-00002916-00003026 who goes to school with Hannah
-U8mccDmS0M-00016-00003072-00003282 now, Hanna has a major crush on this guy
-U8mccDmS0M-00017-00003320-00003861 and she has her mind set that he is going to be her very first kiss ever
-U8mccDmS0M-00018-00003947-00003997 ok
-U8mccDmS0M-00019-00004011-00004140 well, that happens
-U8mccDmS0M-00020-00004210-00004322 and that's great
-U8mccDmS0M-00021-00004360-00004516 now, going by the book
-U8mccDmS0M-00022-00004574-00004902 not only do they have that very first sweet special kiss
-U8mccDmS0M-00023-00004940-00005298 they end up going out for like a month or so
-U8mccDmS0M-00024-00005356-00005658 and kiss is all they ever do during that time
-U8mccDmS0M-00025-00005688-00005784 how ever
-U8mccDmS0M-00026-00005898-00006080 Justin starts bragging
-U8mccDmS0M-00027-00006190-00006458 that there's alot more going on than just kissing
-U8mccDmS0M-00028-00006508-00006828 ok, now this ends up ruining Hanna's reputation
-U8mccDmS0M-00029-00006876-00007073 because everybody thinks she's easy
-U8mccDmS0M-00030-00007086-00007394 everybody thinks that Justin is sleeping with her
-U8mccDmS0M-00031-00007464-00007552 when in fact
-U8mccDmS0M-00032-00007573-00007662 that is a lie
-U8mccDmS0M-00033-00007756-00007852 and that lie
-U8mccDmS0M-00034-00007888-00008128 is what ruined Hanna's reputation
-U8mccDmS0M-00035-00008344-00008556 ok, that's tape 1 side A
-U8mccDmS0M-00036-00008602-00008796 now, did Hannah have
-U8mccDmS0M-00037-00008854-00008906 the right
-U8mccDmS0M-00038-00008906-00009084 did she really need
-U8mccDmS0M-00039-00009212-00009348 to be upset over this
-U8mccDmS0M-00040-00009368-00009526 yes, HELL YES
-U8mccDmS0M-00041-00009570-00009818 ok, this guy ruined her reputation
-U8mccDmS0M-00042-00009830-00010012 for no reason what so ever
-U8mccDmS0M-00043-00010024-00010164 other than bragging rights
-U8mccDmS0M-00044-00010232-00010418 and every time he bragged, he lied
-U8mccDmS0M-00045-00010444-00010730 ok, because they didn;t do anything other than kiss
-U8mccDmS0M-00046-00010782-00011034 so, honestly, the first reason on the list
-U8mccDmS0M-00047-00011176-00011604 yes she had every right to be upset over this
-U8mccDmS0M-00048-00011716-00011972 not to the point that it led to where it did
-U8mccDmS0M-00049-00011992-00012112 But yes
-U8mccDmS0M-00050-00012134-00012316 if somebody ruins your reputation
-U8mccDmS0M-00051-00012344-00012472 you have every right
-U8mccDmS0M-00052-00012496-00012656 to get pissed off over it
-U8mccDmS0M-00053-00012924-00013028 ok, there you go
-U8mccDmS0M-00054-00013040-00013228 there is tape 1 side A
-U8mccDmS0M-00055-00013282-00013469 and my thoughts, ok
-U8mccDmS0M-00056-00013594-00013760 that is gonna do it for now
-U8mccDmS0M-00057-00013808-00013858 this is
-U8mccDmS0M-00058-00013874-00013980 ICEPETS QUEEN
-U8mccDmS0M-00059-00014041-00014091 and i am
-U8mccDmS0M-00060-00014212-00014291 TRIPPIN OUT
-WOoj-ioojo-00000-00000000-00000200 The reason I set it to light mode...
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00000-00000000-00000320 Hey you got a minute? -Yeah, I got a minute. You know
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00001-00000320-00000768 this one could take a little bit longer than a minute. -Why? -Well, cause this happened.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00002-00001352-00001992 -Oh yeah, I see what you mean. -Yeah, because you know when winter hits an otherwise normal cache
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00003-00001992-00002624 could turn into a bit more of a bit of a challenge. -A bit of a challenge. -Ya, so anyway,  we've got one cache right
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00004-00002624-00003283 here. So, one cache. -One minute. -Cue the title. -Start that clock. -Let's trudge through that snow.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00005-00003320-00003370 [loon call]
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00006-00003523-00003573 [loon call]
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00007-00004672-00004968 LYRICLASS: I think it's over here. Oh yeah!
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00008-00005568-00006071 -Hey there. Look at that. With a sign like that you know there has to be a cache there.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00009-00006880-00006973 Got it.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00010-00007081-00007426 -That didn't take too long but, you know, the snow drifts not that high.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00011-00007464-00008114 There could be cases sometimes where snow drifts might be six, eight feet high.[the wind took the words]
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00012-00008168-00008592 I hope you can hear me through all the wind. [chuckles]  
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00013-00008658-00009552 Anyway, we got this one.  It's all good to go. Put it back in place. Three, two, one. Brrr it's cold.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00014-00009608-00009658 [loon call]
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00015-00009800-00009861 [loon call]
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00016-00009985-00010731 -Oh, that's a chilly cache. -Yeah, that was a good one to get   Nice to have the smiley there totell you where it was.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00017-00010731-00011010 -Whoa! -You all right? -It's windy. -A little bit windy.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00018-00011056-00011434 Anyway, yeah. Thanks for joining us it's now 2021.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00019-00011585-00012293 We'll see what this year has in store. We'll try to get through the winter finding caches for you to enjoy.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00020-00012341-00012661 -Ahhh! -Hey, don't go away you got to do your part.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00021-00012809-00013029 Ilost her.  Come on back.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00022-00013034-00013243 -The wind blew me away.
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00023-00013256-00013794 Keep watching there's more caches to be found. -And where will Geocaching take you?
-XmH0zxBy_Q-00024-00013794-00013994 Ahhh!
-bSjIRWOYXy-00000-00000919-00001592 how about we just keep that to ourselves as long as you keep them payments covered
-bSjIRWOYXy-00001-00002576-00002984 baby come on
-bSjIRWOYXy-00002-00003320-00004384 mr natty daddy sir
-bSjIRWOYXy-00003-00004600-00004968 god damn [ __ ] was so much quieter around here without you guys coming through
-bSjIRWOYXy-00004-00005040-00005336 i'd say it's quite hard once you start paying your [ __ ] protection mike
-bSjIRWOYXy-00005-00005488-00005952 he's up off my man here i don't think you're in any position to tell us what
-bSjIRWOYXy-00006-00005952-00006728 i don't i hey hey whoa whoa whoa what was that whoa yeah easy brother i'm just here
-bSjIRWOYXy-00007-00006840-00007359 i'm promoting peace i'm a goddamn postmaster general look listen i'm a part of something
-bSjIRWOYXy-00008-00007359-00008080 bigger he's your commanding officer man he's a general god damn oh you're picking up weapons
-bSjIRWOYXy-00009-00008408-00008688 you know what i'm a part of i'm a part of there's a lot more guns pointed at
-bSjIRWOYXy-00010-00008688-00009056 you than there are pointed at me you guys all sure about that
-bSjIRWOYXy-00011-00009424-00009984 looks like what we got here is a mexican standoff oh
-bSjIRWOYXy-00012-00010160-00010640 but you know what the problem is i got this here from black vest and i don't mind my odds
-bSjIRWOYXy-00013-00010640-00010920 yeah you gotta got a flag bust covering your balls do you
-bSjIRWOYXy-00014-00010992-00011624 you ain't got a shot to my balls i gotta oh no he's got a shot at your balls no to your ball
-bSjIRWOYXy-00015-00011824-00012120 how about you just hand over a little something we can forget this ever had
-bSjIRWOYXy-00016-00012344-00012360 come
-bSjIRWOYXy-00017-00012728-00012847 the harsh around out here
-bSjIRWOYXy-00018-00013072-00013808 and pride brothers we're all friends friends get along better hey postie why don't you just help
-bSjIRWOYXy-00019-00013808-00014319 them out a little bit and save yourself this right about here ought to do it yeah all right
-bSjIRWOYXy-00020-00014400-00014856 forget about that just give him the [ __ ] man i think he's been up to a little something
-bSjIRWOYXy-00021-00014856-00015112 i think he i think he's got his logbook right here
-bSjIRWOYXy-00022-00015368-00015856 man don't reach hey you know what man you know what how about we just keep that to ourselves
-bSjIRWOYXy-00023-00015944-00016128 as long as you keep them payments
-bSjIRWOYXy-00024-00016600-00016712 i don't care about my life
-bSjIRWOYXy-00025-00016928-00018384 all right let's roll drop the weapons hands on weapons weapons on the ground hands up
-bSjIRWOYXy-00026-00019248-00019816 random innocent people what are you doing being where you're not supposed to be
-bSjIRWOYXy-00027-00019816-00020104 what the [ __ ] you mean being nothing [ __ ] out of my perimeter
-bSjIRWOYXy-00028-00020224-00020776 relax man can i get my guy my guy's hurt put your weapon down and go get your guy it's a
-bSjIRWOYXy-00029-00020776-00021368 [ __ ] ornament put your weapon down it's a [ __ ] ornamental revolver put it down you want it down
-bSjIRWOYXy-00030-00021616-00021816 go get it [ __ ] get him
-bSjIRWOYXy-00031-00022200-00022256 passion
-bSjIRWOYXy-00032-00023152-00023984 the nuclear bears they they're in the trees man
-bSjIRWOYXy-00033-00025520-00026272 i'm peaceful man i'm peaceful brother i'm here for salvation all right i heard about this fella
-bSjIRWOYXy-00034-00026272-00026895 named typhon he's been moving i heard about him man y'all see him or no you're probably on them
-bSjIRWOYXy-00035-00028024-00028248 we own this territory get out
-bSjIRWOYXy-00036-00028576-00028656 got the guy in the middle
-bSjIRWOYXy-00037-00029432-00030983 you got the shot pork taken
-bSjIRWOYXy-00038-00031288-00031720 we got one on our left we got two out to the uh center
-bSjIRWOYXy-00039-00032056-00032383 he's firing he's firing
-bSjIRWOYXy-00040-00033144-00033784 baby come on
-bSjIRWOYXy-00041-00036392-00036584 we got three dead right here
-bSjIRWOYXy-00042-00037592-00037984 doesn't look like it
-bSjIRWOYXy-00043-00038456-00039384 oh
-bSjIRWOYXy-00044-00040776-00042184 new canada took the shot enemy it down
-bSjIRWOYXy-00045-00043312-00044984 give me a little bit of security on the way back roger that i got you all right
-bSjIRWOYXy-00046-00046256-00046528 yeah he's not going to deal with anything you guys are pretty fun
-bSjIRWOYXy-00047-00046528-00047784 i did him a favor so we'll see if they return it i let your boy go
-bSjIRWOYXy-00048-00049048-00050584 i can't be an anime no it's a live action and he made it
-bSjIRWOYXy-00049-00052360-00052367 you
-dI9qUXJ2VM-00000-00004385-00004778 Hello Everyone and welcome to my youtube channel 
-dI9qUXJ2VM-00001-00004778-00004978 I'm Erina Joanca 
-dI9qUXJ2VM-00002-00006756-00007637 I will use this channel to spread a massage of hope to those people in need and together we can try as much as we can to support them
-dI9qUXJ2VM-00003-00007637-00008466 Your subscription will motivate me to keep on working out there and found those people and help them with few thing we will be having
-fu_arn_D48-00000-00000010-00000392 Hi again everyone, and welcome back to 'One English Tip in One Minute for
-fu_arn_D48-00001-00000392-00000756 Speakers of the Many Indian Languages' where each week I talk about, in some
-fu_arn_D48-00002-00000756-00001130 detail, one common English mistake made by people from India - and this is video
-fu_arn_D48-00003-00001130-00001250 number 41.
-fu_arn_D48-00004-00001939-00002405 As I've said once or twice before, nice going for working to improve your
-fu_arn_D48-00005-00002405-00002918 English. I hope you keep it up. In these videos I show you a slide, and on
-fu_arn_D48-00006-00002918-00003218 the slide there are two sentences: One is the correct way a native English
-fu_arn_D48-00007-00003218-00003523 speaker would say it, the other is the wrong way that many people from India
-fu_arn_D48-00008-00003523-00004030 say it. Your task is to decide which one is correct. Read the sentences,
-fu_arn_D48-00009-00004030-00004501 listen to how I say them, pause the video if you have to and think about your
-fu_arn_D48-00010-00004501-00004800 answer.  I will talk about the answer in the slide that follows this slide.
-fu_arn_D48-00011-00008059-00008168 If you didn't get it
-fu_arn_D48-00012-00008168-00008483 right, or you just took a wild guess and happened to get it right, it's not a big
-fu_arn_D48-00013-00008483-00008921 deal.  It simply means that you need to start studying this a bit more. To
-fu_arn_D48-00014-00008921-00009230 start you off on that path I've given you three sentences to study from.
-fu_arn_D48-00015-00009230-00009635 Memorize the whole sentences, review them -- really drill them into your head --
-fu_arn_D48-00016-00009635-00010007 and put into practice what you've learned through speaking or writing or
-fu_arn_D48-00017-00010007-00010430 both. It's always a good idea to go outside these videos and learn more as well.
-fu_arn_D48-00018-00011130-00011492 Okay, just a few things before we finish. First, if you liked the video I hope
-fu_arn_D48-00019-00011492-00011897 you'll click on the thumbs up below. Second, I hope you will consider
-fu_arn_D48-00020-00011897-00012257 subscribing to my channel. I think it's a good ideas as these videos come out like
-fu_arn_D48-00021-00012257-00012761 clockwork every week...so hopefully you will do that.  Third, I have an online
-fu_arn_D48-00022-00012761-00013345 course called '50 Common English Mistakes' and it costs 20 euros-- but if you follow
-fu_arn_D48-00023-00013345-00013715 the link in the description box below, it costs 10 euros.  So I hope you'll think
-fu_arn_D48-00024-00013715-00014201 about that.  Next I am building up my website, so I hope you will pay that a
-fu_arn_D48-00025-00014201-00014993 visit.  Also, I have a Twitter feed.  My Twitter handle is @epicenglishtips
-fu_arn_D48-00026-00014993-00015581 so please follow me there. Finally, if there's anything that you
-fu_arn_D48-00027-00015581-00015878 want me to work on -- if there's any English mistakes that you need help with --
-fu_arn_D48-00028-00015878-00016247 please write it in the comments below, and I will try my best to address it.
-fu_arn_D48-00029-00016247-00016590 Thank you for watching, and see you next week.
-jausmAmhYk-00000-00000008-00000432 Whether it's through sharing our expertise with local businesses, providing paid internships,
-jausmAmhYk-00001-00000432-00000856 or volunteering, at Online Optimism we always work to better our community. We
-jausmAmhYk-00002-00000856-00001376 participate in quarterly volunteer days donating to 501c3 organizations of our Optimists choices
-jausmAmhYk-00003-00001376-00001839 and our Donate Elevate program where each year our team selects a local nonprofit in each city.
-jausmAmhYk-00004-00001839-00002296 This nonprofit will receive the same amount being matched for any donations an Optimists makes.
-jausmAmhYk-00005-00002296-00002728 At Online Optimism we are actively working toward making a positive impact on our community.
-jausmAmhYk-00006-00002728-00002984 Click the link to learn more about our work with nonprofits.
_7AhBrlorB8-00000-00000000-00000264 come on Vinny, I know you want to watch tv but let's go
_7AhBrlorB8-00001-00000496-00001408 i know but let's go we're gonna go shower little baby oh you're so cute can you fly flies upstairs
_7AhBrlorB8-00002-00001560-00002984 wait for me there
_7AhBrlorB8-00003-00004664-00005288 hello my fellow sniffers, fFighters and hatchlings, Marlene Mc'Cohen and George here.
_7AhBrlorB8-00004-00005288-00005880 Hi guys, let's get right to it we haven't seen our birds it's been like six days yeah six days
_7AhBrlorB8-00005-00005880-00006520 so we're going to see them now and usually see though that i think they're gonna be like oh damn
_7AhBrlorB8-00006-00006520-00007023 they're home at this point i mean they're having such they've had a great time with Danny it's like
_7AhBrlorB8-00007-00007023-00007504 who else has come to visit them i think Rocky is loving him right now yeah rocky you might have
_7AhBrlorB8-00008-00007504-00008008 lost ownership somewhere no it's his playground for now when I come home he's going to love
_7AhBrlorB8-00009-00008008-00008928 me more so that's how it is okay let's go in and see nothing to see here folks oh sandy
_7AhBrlorB8-00010-00009128-00009152 hi
_7AhBrlorB8-00011-00009360-00009504 she's so cute
_7AhBrlorB8-00012-00010552-00011384 Vinny always laughs
_7AhBrlorB8-00013-00012608-00012944 What's up buddy how are you doing
_7AhBrlorB8-00014-00012944-00014072 he's super happy hello buddy hello my little darling baby hi hi everybody
_7AhBrlorB8-00015-00015272-00015512 baby she's so
_7AhBrlorB8-00016-00016456-00016984 no
_7AhBrlorB8-00017-00017960-00018040 hi baby
_7AhBrlorB8-00018-00019416-00019784 hold on where's rocky
_7AhBrlorB8-00019-00021056-00021224 hello monty
_7AhBrlorB8-00020-00021568-00021792 you are the most beautiful
_7AhBrlorB8-00021-00022568-00022840 come girl vinnie i know you want to watch tv but let's go
_7AhBrlorB8-00022-00023072-00023760 i know but let's go we're going to go shower little baby you're so
_7AhBrlorB8-00023-00023760-00024568 cute can you fly flies upstairs wait for me there i knew i was forgetting somebody
_7AhBrlorB8-00024-00024960-00025560 there's blue come on come on let's go vinnie
_7AhBrlorB8-00025-00025888-00026464 good bird we've been redesigning this uh thing over and over again and we've
_7AhBrlorB8-00026-00026464-00027160 decided to add another floor now no yeah we're gonna actually put a floor with a like an area
_7AhBrlorB8-00027-00027160-00027695 like a sunbathing area it's gonna be three stories high are you is he kidding johnny
_7AhBrlorB8-00028-00027760-00028327 i don't know i never knew anymore i just work here but we watched the show yesterday George
_7AhBrlorB8-00029-00028439-00028968 and the show had this weird like thing that they did and i saw it and i was like pretty impressed
_7AhBrlorB8-00030-00028968-00029288 and i thought that maybe we should just do the same now
_7AhBrlorB8-00031-00029383-00030039 keep in mind hear him out hear him out G eorge if you are sitting up on here on a level where you
_7AhBrlorB8-00032-00030039-00030495 can just sit and stare at all your neighbors there will be complaints no we we can we can
_7AhBrlorB8-00033-00030495-00030912 make well the thing is this covers it i mean we're not going to use binoculars but we'll look at him
_7AhBrlorB8-00034-00031056-00031327 are you joking that would be her favorite spot in the neighborhood
_7AhBrlorB8-00035-00031544-00031960 every single day sunbathing this time we're gonna actually sit down and design it
_7AhBrlorB8-00036-00031960-00032880 something where you can have someone rent a room a one red one bedroom jacuzzi laughs okay drinks
_7AhBrlorB8-00037-00032880-00033440 included they are censored so if you take a t one out it will charge you i got you your white claws
_7AhBrlorB8-00038-00033536-00034264 the top part is not gonna have a roof we're just gonna make it a floor with a guardrail first of
_7AhBrlorB8-00039-00034264-00034832 all that's unnecessary we don't need any top part guys seriously we're thinking about it it might
_7AhBrlorB8-00040-00034832-00036584 be coming no johnny do you just like say okay to everything he says he wants to build george okay
_7AhBrlorB8-00041-00037744-00037984 while you're here
_7AhBrlorB8-00042-00039168-00039384 oh
_7AhBrlorB8-00043-00041584-00042184 come see what i have for you come here dad look at blue
_7AhBrlorB8-00044-00043032-00043688 look mom's basketball court what are you gonna do with the rain with that on tv goes on that
_7AhBrlorB8-00045-00043768-00044360 huh but dad yeah everything you want to drink wow look what i have for you
_7AhBrlorB8-00046-00044560-00045152 oh yeah oh i love i love this can you play with your arm though
_7AhBrlorB8-00047-00045256-00046016 you like that you want me to get you your pool stick look at this oh wow that's a professional
_7AhBrlorB8-00048-00046224-00046584 yeah dad what happened to your sling you're fine now
_7AhBrlorB8-00049-00046800-00047000 okay wow hey
_7AhBrlorB8-00050-00047344-00047784 hey it's me
_7AhBrlorB8-00051-00050936-00050944 you
_9rRuttmpCk-00000-00000574-00001133 “The major project was modernisation of the irrigation main line and pumping infrastructure.
_9rRuttmpCk-00001-00001133-00001782 So we now have a new high pressure pipeline, we have a pump house, a pump motor and automatic
_9rRuttmpCk-00002-00001782-00002062 flushing filter that can be started from home.
_9rRuttmpCk-00003-00002062-00002414 We have gone from nineteen seventies to two thousand and twenties.
_su7UO7nEKE-00000-00000911-00001192 hey there folks in this video i'm going to show you how you can create
_su7UO7nEKE-00001-00001192-00001696 animations inside of adobe photoshop so now you've seen the finished animation just want
_su7UO7nEKE-00002-00001696-00002032 to take you through how i've set the layers panel up ready for that now i've added three
_su7UO7nEKE-00003-00002032-00002400 different color fill layers so i can alternate the background throughout the animation when i need to
_su7UO7nEKE-00004-00002456-00003000 i've got a folder where i have collected together some actual cookie letters you can see we've also
_su7UO7nEKE-00005-00003000-00003592 got the cookie itself and the way this is broken down is it's formed at different layers as i keep
_su7UO7nEKE-00006-00003592-00004128 hiding portions of that cookie it will then appear as the portions have been eaten away and we're
_su7UO7nEKE-00007-00004128-00004648 left with just crumbs and an empty portion in there so everything's kind of geared up ready for
_su7UO7nEKE-00008-00004648-00005240 being animated it's all very much planned ahead of time then at the top we've got a large cookie
_su7UO7nEKE-00009-00005240-00005608 that's going to be shown in different backgrounds and then we're going to finish off with another
_su7UO7nEKE-00010-00005608-00006032 collection of words called yummy i'm going to go back up to the file menu and choose revert
_su7UO7nEKE-00011-00006032-00006512 so i can go back to the state that my layers need to be ready for animating i'm going to head up to
_su7UO7nEKE-00012-00006512-00006992 the window menu and we'll need to open up the timeline panel to do all of our animation work
_su7UO7nEKE-00013-00006992-00007384 which appears at the bottom of the screen docked and we'll just need to drag that out there so we
_su7UO7nEKE-00014-00007384-00007895 can see it a bit more clearly and then i'll reset my artwork from here we need to decide are we
_su7UO7nEKE-00015-00007895-00008280 going to create a video timeline with quicktime video and audio and things like that or are we
_su7UO7nEKE-00016-00008280-00008720 going to create something like an animated gif with frame animation that's what we'll do we'll
_su7UO7nEKE-00017-00008720-00009232 choose create frame animation by clicking on the button then and then the panel becomes even
_su7UO7nEKE-00018-00009232-00009696 smaller if that was possible and we're just set with one frame so this shows us what the current
_su7UO7nEKE-00019-00009696-00010264 layers and our artwork looks like right now i'll then click on the add button to add a second frame
_su7UO7nEKE-00020-00010320-00010760 which will look exactly the same as the previous one until we change something and this in essence
_su7UO7nEKE-00021-00010760-00011272 is how we create our animation we alter the way the document looks from one frame to another
_su7UO7nEKE-00022-00011272-00011696 and we build up an animation and with that in mind i'll go to the layers panel i'll turn on
_su7UO7nEKE-00023-00011696-00012272 the layer group called letters and i'll also turn on the layer group called cookies and expand them
_su7UO7nEKE-00024-00012272-00012768 open so that i can see all the individual layers in there that i need to then turn on and off as
_su7UO7nEKE-00025-00012768-00013368 i build all the subsequent frames i'll go back to the timeline panel add a third frame and then go
_su7UO7nEKE-00026-00013368-00013919 back to my layers panel and turn off the first of the cookie layers to get a chunk taken out of it
_su7UO7nEKE-00027-00013919-00014336 and i'll turn on one of my chrome layers and with that done i'll go back to the timeline
_su7UO7nEKE-00028-00014336-00014784 panel and add a fourth frame and that fourth frame will also need one of the cookie layers
_su7UO7nEKE-00029-00014784-00015256 removing and one of the chrome layers adding to keep building up our effect and then i'll
_su7UO7nEKE-00030-00015256-00015688 head back to the timeline panel and add a fifth frame and really just keep following the same
_su7UO7nEKE-00031-00015688-00016216 process through what remove another chunk of the cookie add some more crumbs then add a sixth frame
_su7UO7nEKE-00032-00016376-00017056 remove more of the cookie add more crumbs and then go back add a seventh frame i'll turn off
_su7UO7nEKE-00033-00017056-00017648 the last of the cookie layers and then turn on the final chrome layer to finish off the effect
_su7UO7nEKE-00034-00017648-00018120 i'll then head back to the timeline panel and add an eighth frame and within that frame then i'm
_su7UO7nEKE-00035-00018120-00018632 going to hide all of letters all the cookies all the crumbs so we're just left with a plain light
_su7UO7nEKE-00036-00018632-00019216 cream background in there i'll then add a ninth frame but on this one i'm going to turn on
_su7UO7nEKE-00037-00019216-00019736 the visibility for the really large cookie and that will be enough for that frame i'll go back
_su7UO7nEKE-00038-00019736-00020184 and then just need to extend the timeline panel because we're adding quite a few frames here and
_su7UO7nEKE-00039-00020184-00020744 then i'll add a 10th frame and within that frame i will then start to alternate the background colors
_su7UO7nEKE-00040-00020808-00021184 add another frame for frame 11 and then change that to a blue background
_su7UO7nEKE-00041-00021296-00021920 add a 12 frame in there and then turn off the cookie in that one and then i'll add one final
_su7UO7nEKE-00042-00021920-00022544 frame that's frame 13 and turn on the layer group that contains the letters yummy and that will be
_su7UO7nEKE-00043-00022544-00023064 the end of the animation with all the animation frames now added i can go back to my timeline
_su7UO7nEKE-00044-00023064-00023448 panel left click on the first frame to restart the animation and then press the play button
_su7UO7nEKE-00045-00023504-00024152 but it plays through really quickly and that's because we have no delays every frame just appears
_su7UO7nEKE-00046-00024152-00024664 for literally a frame and bearing in mind that in terms of animation there can be anything between
_su7UO7nEKE-00047-00024664-00025344 sort of 25 and 30 frames per second quite normally then they appear very quickly and disappear very
_su7UO7nEKE-00048-00025344-00025800 quickly so we need to alter that i'll first of all left click on frame 1 to make it active for
_su7UO7nEKE-00049-00025800-00026368 edits and then i'll click on the pop out menu for the frame delay time and i'll change that to 0.5
_su7UO7nEKE-00050-00026368-00026895 seconds making that frame stay on screen for 0.5 seconds before moving on to the next frame
_su7UO7nEKE-00051-00026895-00027304 which of course in our case is frame two and so i'll click on frame two to make it active and i
_su7UO7nEKE-00052-00027304-00027720 want the delay to be one second so that we can see the word cookies and see the cookie itself
_su7UO7nEKE-00053-00027776-00028248 before chunks of it are taken away and those frames where portions are eaten away
_su7UO7nEKE-00054-00028248-00028824 i start from frame three and run right through up to including frame six now i don't want those
_su7UO7nEKE-00055-00028824-00029248 to stay on screen for that long i want them to look as though they just disappear quite quickly
_su7UO7nEKE-00056-00029248-00029727 so i'm gonna alter all of them at the same time by clicking on frame three and then shift and
_su7UO7nEKE-00057-00029727-00030376 left clicking on frame six and then i'm going to change the delay for each of those to 0.2 seconds
_su7UO7nEKE-00058-00030464-00031048 and then we'll just give that a quick play to test it and i think that works quite well again
_su7UO7nEKE-00059-00031048-00031583 just like frame two we need frame seven to stay on screen just a little bit longer so we can see that
_su7UO7nEKE-00060-00031583-00032016 all the bits of the cookie have been taken away so i'll change the delay for that one to one second
_su7UO7nEKE-00061-00032016-00032464 and then left click on frame a which is just gonna be our plain cream background and set the delay
_su7UO7nEKE-00062-00032464-00033056 for that to 0.2 seconds and then i'm going to select frames 9 10 and 11 and set the delay for
_su7UO7nEKE-00063-00033056-00033856 each of those to 0.5 seconds select frame 12 and set that one to have a similar delay to frame 8 so
_su7UO7nEKE-00064-00033856-00034448 it's going to be set to 0.2 seconds before finally clicking on frame 13 that's the last frame leave
_su7UO7nEKE-00065-00034448-00034952 it on screen for two seconds so we can see it nice and clearly for the end frame of the animation
_su7UO7nEKE-00066-00034952-00035456 before that will then loop back to beginning and play again and if i just click back on frame one
_su7UO7nEKE-00067-00035456-00035888 to reset the animation i'll press play let's just see how the timing's working out now with all
_su7UO7nEKE-00068-00035888-00036360 those frames edited and i think they're looking much better so i'll just press stop but i think
_su7UO7nEKE-00069-00036360-00037008 i will go back to frame 12 and just increase the delay on that one to 0.5 seconds instead of 0.2
_su7UO7nEKE-00070-00037080-00037464 and then reset the animation and just have a quick play through see how it's working out
_su7UO7nEKE-00071-00037464-00038112 and yeah i think that that delay from 0.2 to 0.5 seconds for frame 12 is a little bit better i'll
_su7UO7nEKE-00072-00038112-00038632 press stop and that's pretty much the animation done we now need to export that so go to file
_su7UO7nEKE-00073-00038688-00039264 export and then choose save for web legacy when the dialog box appears do make sure that of course
_su7UO7nEKE-00074-00039264-00039688 this needs to be an animated gif so the file format does need to be gif from the upper right
_su7UO7nEKE-00075-00039688-00040384 hand side menu and in the preview window the lower left hand side it tells us this is a 1.25 megabyte
_su7UO7nEKE-00076-00040384-00041064 file which is quite big so i can change the file size of this by reducing the height to 720 half
_su7UO7nEKE-00077-00041064-00041552 in the size of the file as well and then notice that lower down we've got an option for looping
_su7UO7nEKE-00078-00041616-00042176 this is set to forever by default and you'll find that with some social media sites that you do have
_su7UO7nEKE-00079-00042176-00042712 to post animated gifs that loop it won't let you post an animated gif that only plays once
_su7UO7nEKE-00080-00042712-00043152 so we'll leave that set to forever you can play the animation through and preview that if you
_su7UO7nEKE-00081-00043152-00043560 wish to we've done that already and checked it and then from the lower left hand side of the
_su7UO7nEKE-00082-00043560-00044016 dialog box there is a preview button which will show your artwork previewed in your default web
_su7UO7nEKE-00083-00044016-00044584 browser in my case it's uh chrome uh it is a handy feature nice to see that in a browser and see how
_su7UO7nEKE-00084-00044584-00045072 it will actually look but of course this is just a preview so i need to head back to photoshop
_su7UO7nEKE-00085-00045072-00045624 and finish saving the file now all we need to do in this case then is head down to the save button
_su7UO7nEKE-00086-00045624-00046144 takes us to our file browser and i'll just leave the file name in here set to animation
_su7UO7nEKE-00087-00046144-00046608 and it will remember all the settings from this dialog box and click on save and it saves it as
_su7UO7nEKE-00088-00046608-00047160 an animated gif and that folks is how you create animations inside of adobe photoshop
_su7UO7nEKE-00089-00047320-00047696 thanks for watching folks as always if you've enjoyed the video please give it a thumbs up
_su7UO7nEKE-00090-00047696-00048016 if you want to create great looking artwork and save oodles of time
_su7UO7nEKE-00091-00048016-00048432 then subscribe and click on the bell so you don't miss a thing and until next time
_su7UO7nEKE-00092-00048432-00049184 farewell
_su7UO7nEKE-00093-00050000-00050008 you
_vmUhtdPgZg-00000-00000016-00000336 try not to smile while watching this video.
_vmUhtdPgZg-00001-00000336-00001592 if you don't subscribe = you lose. let's begin. try not to smile ok.
_vmUhtdPgZg-00002-00002280-00003215 I said try not to. they always do it. did you smile. let me know in the comments. bye.
_vCFC4Y9TeI-00000-00000000-00000332 Click the Apple icon at the top-left corner of your screen and select System Preferences.
_vCFC4Y9TeI-00001-00000466-00000698 Click the Security & Privacy icon.
_vCFC4Y9TeI-00002-00000816-00001310 Click the FileVault tab and click the Lock icon at the bottom of the window and follow the instructions afterward to create your master password.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00000-00001612-00001804 The NHS belongs to us.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00001-00001804-00001916 It holds us.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00002-00001916-00002155 The bad news is that
_xdgm2YcLZk-00003-00002155-00002388 the NHS has a cancer.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00004-00002388-00002816 It’s been sold off, bit by bit, over decades.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00005-00002816-00003112 So it hasn’t really hit public consciousness yet.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00006-00003112-00003427 I think the reason why people struggle to believe that the
_xdgm2YcLZk-00007-00003427-00003908 NHS is being privatised more  and more each day is because
_xdgm2YcLZk-00008-00003908-00004211 none of them can  imagine a day where
_xdgm2YcLZk-00009-00004211-00004452 the government says:  “We’re done with it.”
_xdgm2YcLZk-00010-00004452-00004655 We are ruled by corporations.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00011-00004655-00004920 Mainstream politicians are  ruled by corporations.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00012-00004920-00005159 They’ve got us by the balls.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00013-00005159-00005452 We’re now at the point where  it is make or break.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00014-00005452-00005631 If it’s taken away...
_xdgm2YcLZk-00015-00005679-00006060 I just can’t bare the thought of what society will look like.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00016-00006060-00006423 Most people in this country believe that the NHS is important.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00017-00006423-00006559 That they want it for their children.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00018-00006559-00006719 That they want it for their grandchildren.
_xdgm2YcLZk-00019-00006719-00007111 Well, if that is the case, then  you should stand with us
_xdgm2YcLZk-00020-00007111-00007316 and fight for your NHS.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00000-00000000-00000500 [Subtitles by Irene Lunachiara - check the link in description]
_xq9s4nhr7k-00001-00000583-00001678 Are you getting closer to Flesh and Blood but don't know how to get started? So you were advised to start from the Blitz format, but you don't know where to find a deck? 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00002-00001678-00002835 In case there is a ready-to-use solution to learn the numerous dynamics that move the game in practice? In today's video you will find the answer to these questions.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00003-00003575-00004583 Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome back to the channel, with our third appointment of “What happens outside the Crucible”. Flesh and Blood is a phenomenon that is 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00004-00004583-00006011 spreading even more in the world, covering ever larger areas of every nation, including Italy. But, whenever a new fighter first approaches the game, after learning the basic 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00005-00006011-00007430 rules, a question arises. Which hero do I choose? Well, in FAB there will be very specific solutions that will satisfy this need, through pre-built decks. So let's find out 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00006-00007430-00008619 together what it is, finally answering the question “Should you buy Blitz Decks to start taking your first steps in Flesh and Blood?” Let's take a look!
_xq9s4nhr7k-00007-00008915-00010037 Monarch's four Blitz Decks will see Levia, the Shadow Brute, Chane, The Shadow Runeblade, Boltyn, the Ligth Warrior and Prism the Light Illusionist make their
_xq9s4nhr7k-00008-00010037-00011225 appearance. These pre-built decks will have within them a total number of 40 cards, plus the hero, weapons and equipment. In the description I will leave you the link of the 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00009-00011225-00012090 official web page of the site, so that you can find the deck lists of the hero that will be most of your interest to play.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00010-00012274-00013378 But these decks will not only have everything you need that will be useful for you to fight against your friends or acquaintances in exciting challenges, but there will also be 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00011-00013378-00014172 the possibility of finding small collectibles. What am I talking about? Let's find out together.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00012-00014430-00015678 In each Monarch flash deck, you will find a single piece of Spell Fray armor, which can be found, exclusively through the purchase of these items, and in no other way, or at 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00013-00015678-00016723 least not at the moment. The Cloack will be available in the Boltyn and Levia decks, the Gloves in the Chane one and the Leggings in the Prism one. 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00014-00016723-00017380 The Head will therefore be missing, which who knows if we will be able to see in a future publication.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00015-00017557-00018675 But that's not all, because in addition to these unique pieces of equipment, there will also be cards that will help develop really interesting turns when you decide to trigger 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00016-00018675-00019769 their effect. Again, these four elements can only and exclusively be found through the purchase of Blitz Decks.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00017-00020098-00021393 The Mentors will be cards of Majestic rarity, which can be played from the hand, in the arsenal, without paying resource costs. Once placed on the field, they will be turned 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00018-00021393-00022437 face up, and depending on the hero, when the requirements are met, after accumulating a certain number of lesson tokens on them, they will trigger their effect,
_xq9s4nhr7k-00019-00022437-00023679 being removed from the game, allowing after your pupil to go and look for a specialization card in the deck, to later place it face up in the arsenal, ready to be 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00020-00023679-00023895 used.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00021-00024123-00025369 Archon… lesson tokens…? Each mentor will have his own way of operating, for example Lord Sutcliffe will say that every time you play a non-attack action, you will 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00022-00025369-00026500 have to inflict arcane damage to each hero and then put a lesson token on it. When there are three or more tokens, you can remove them, together with the mentor, to go 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00023-00026500-00027669 and look for the specialization in the deck, and place it, as already mentioned, discovered in the arsenal. You can use anything as a lesson token, starting with a 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00024-00027669-00028667 simple die, up to some fake ice available in the aquarium department of every DIY store in your city.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00025-00028935-00029135 IN BRIEF: 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00026-00029135-00030144 In Monarch's four Blitz decks, you will find exclusive cards, such as the Spell Fray equipment, and mentor cards, which will give a certain importance to these pre-built 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00027-00030144-00030627 decks in terms of value.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00028-00030773-00032068 After seeing what awaits you with Monarch's flash, let's see together what the remaining three decks of the penultimate FAB expansion will have in store for you.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00029-00032315-00033539 Briar, Lexi and Oldhim, will be the three heroes that you can find in the blitz decks of Tales of Aria. Each deck will be composed as for the first four, with a total of 40 cards, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00030-00033539-00034905 plus the hero, weapons and equipment. You can always use the link I left you in the description to view the deck-list of each single Blitz belonging to this set.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00031-00035115-00036234 In this case, however, there will not be the presence of the mentor, nor of exclusive pieces of armor, but on the other hand, you will have a set of elements that have been 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00032-00036234-00037292 designed specifically to clear the ideas of the new player, to make him concentrate fully on the clash he will have to face.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00033-00037549-00038767 Much closer to building level than a classic Blitz Deck created specifically for playing a local tournament, every single deck will have everything you need to provide you with 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00034-00038767-00040013 a great starting point from which to start. Simply play as many matches as possible to fully understand your hero's fighting style.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00035-00040238-00041393 If you then face matches with veteran warriors, your understanding of the various dynamics that will characterize the hero will receive a considerable acceleration for 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00036-00041393-00042890 sure, making you enter more and more in the mind of your champion, starting game after game even to arrive to think as he would think. This will create a bond that during 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00037-00042890-00043849 a fight, I can guarantee, will make a real difference giving you a much better chance of taking home victory.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00038-00044115-00044315 IN BRIEF: 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00039-00044315-00045403 The Blitz decks of Tales of Aria will be simple pre-built, which however will provide a really good starting point for building your custom deck, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00040-00045403-00046054 having already available a concrete reference from which to start.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00041-00046217-00047427 After this quick look at the contents of the seven decks, all you have to do is choose the hero you will feel closest to, perhaps finding yourself in their fighting style, and... 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00042-00047427-00048710 start playing. Yes I understand Archon... but what do I know what fighting style every single hero has... if I didn't understand, I'm starting to play now... You're right... and so 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00043-00048710-00049919 in this regard, it's time to talk about it. This is why I asked the good Stefano Cini for advice, whom I greet, who gave me a general overview of each hero, and of their way 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00044-00049919-00051195 of facing a battle, so as to give you a first idea on how to use them, also related to useful actions that can be of help, to frame the first synergies and give life to powerful 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00045-00051195-00052522 attacks to hurl against your opponent. So let's start by analyzing Prism's fighting style, and then continue hero after hero, to have a clearer picture of each champion present 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00046-00052522-00052789 in the Blitz Decks. 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00047-00053109-00054451 Prism, being an illusionist, will fight by creating illusions, to prevent offensives in case of defense and at the same time unleash powerful attacks. The creation of the 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00048-00054451-00055511 Spectral Shield will be of fundamental importance, since the heroine will literally be able to make excessive use of them, both through the use of the actions present in the 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00049-00055511-00056891 deck, and by taking advantage of her ability, removing cards such as Herald of Protection, which will serve the illusionist as souls in her service after being played.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00050-00057196-00058681 Boltyn, being a warrior of light, will use the latter to enhance his attacks, coming from his two one-handed axes, called body and mind... Plus, charging himself for battle, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00051-00058681-00059874 through cards like V of the Vanguard that they will allow him to place as many charge counters on it as possible, the warrior will have the possibility to automatically 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00052-00059874-00060892 enhance his slashes, both if the charge took place in the current turn and the opponent will defend himself with a card that is an attack action, both in the attack 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00053-00060892-00061714 reaction step, putting pressure on the opponent, through increasingly strong and precise blows.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00054-00062000-00063306 Chane will be the hero who makes pain a strong point. His effect will allow him to create tokens called Soul Shackle, which each turn will send a card from the top of the 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00055-00063306-00064471 deck into the banish zone. And it will be precisely through this effect that the runeblade will draw its power, since it will be able to play a large number of cards in the 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00056-00064471-00065924 deck, directly from the banish, such as the Rift Bind card, having a constantly greater reserve of weapons under its control, going to enhance every single physical attack 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00057-00065924-00067010 more and more, inflicting arcane damage at the same time. The penalty for all this, however, will be that you will lose life every turn by responding to the strict blood pact 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00058-00067010-00067698 to take advantage of these facilitating means that you will have at your disposal.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00059-00067961-00069273 Levia the brute, like any self-respecting member of this class, will be ruled by fury. In this hero's deck you will find actions with a high offensive value, a clear sign that in 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00060-00069273-00070548 mind, this heroine has only one thing... destruction. You can then unleash powerful heinous attacks against your opponent, going on certain occasions to banish cards 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00061-00070548-00071753 from the graveyard, such as for the trigger of the Hunhering Slaughtherbeast card, and then pay a blood pact here too, as for Chane. But do not worry, in the case of Levia, you 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00062-00071753-00072858 can take advantage of her constant effect, which will allow you not to lose any life points, if a card with an attack value of 6 or higher has been banished in the current
_xq9s4nhr7k-00063-00072858-00073151 turn.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00064-00073423-00074629 Briar, it will be a perfect combination of attack and defense. Its permanent effect in fact, will allow you to generate an Emboidiment of Earth token, every time one of your 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00065-00074629-00076090 cards inflicts damage, or, create an Emboidment of Light when you play a second non-attack action on your turn. This will allow you to prepare to foil or reduce the damage 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00066-00076090-00077373 from an offensive by your rival, or enhance the attacks you decide to unleash, giving go-again to the first of the cuts of the current turn. In addition, with the various 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00067-00077373-00078580 essences of lightning and earth present in the deck, you will easily be able to structure a noteworthy attack strategy, infusing the same essences as needed by paying the 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00068-00078580-00079544 additional cost to enhance your attack actions such as Rites of Replenishment, or Rites of Lightning.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00069-00080254-00081523 Lexi is the vocabulary definition of speed and dexterity. Like any ranger, her most powerful weapon will lie in hurling as many attacks as possible at the opponent in a 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00070-00081523-00082808 single turn, through actions such as Dazzling Crescendo or Chilling Icevein, going to infect the opponent's future plays, and, in the specific case of Lexi, also through the 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00071-00082808-00084059 use of the bow, the Shiver, which will have a really strong effect, especially if the heroine starts second, since in the first turn of the opponent, she can use the instant 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00072-00084059-00085431 ability of the weapon, to place an Arrow card face up in the arsenal, to start his attack phase, in the next round, with one more card to play, which may seem like little... but in 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00073-00085431-00086645 FAB, having a single extra card can really make the difference between defeat and victory. In addition, each time you place a card in the arsenal, once per turn, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00074-00086645-00087861 you can reveal it, and depending on its nature, if it is of thunder origin, you can give go-again to your next attack in the current turn, while if it is ice, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00075-00087861-00088563 you can create a Frostbite token, under the control of a target Hero.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00076-00089009-00090252 Finally we come to Oldhim… who being a guardian… powerful in giving blows and resistant in receiving them, he will take care to do his, in the best possible way. 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00077-00090252-00091570 This hero will have a good defense rate, since his effect can be used during the defense step, preventing two damage that would be dealt to him at the cost of three 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00078-00091570-00092951 resources. If an ice card has been drawn to pay the cost, the opponent will be forced to put one of the cards in his hand, on top of his deck, subtracting useful elements for 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00079-00092951-00094020 a possible second attack. The force of impact of this Guardian sculpted by the eternity of ice and the power and immovability of the earth will see actions with a 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00080-00094020-00095483 generically very high attack value, such as the Glacial Footstep card, which will require a pitch of six to be able to be played, and if you use the ice infusion, it can be blocked 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00081-00095483-00096735 by a single card from the opponent's hand, gaining Dominate. This will make you understand that Oldhim's goal will be to attack only once per turn, but with 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00082-00096735-00097059 devastating effects.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00083-00097259-00098354 The overview that has just been provided has not taken into consideration every single aspect of the heroes present in the Blitz Decks, as I will leave the pleasure of discovery 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00084-00098354-00099526 to you. But at least you will have a first food for thought to portray yourself in the sparkling game of Lexy, or perhaps in creating illusions at your service, just like Prism 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00085-00099526-00100696 does. If you want dedicated content for each individual hero, just write it to me in the comments, so that we can also deal with the various builds in more detail. 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00086-00100696-00101585 One thing is certain, these seven blitz decks will cover a vast assortment of personalities… it will be up to you to figure out which one is closest to yours, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00087-00101585-00101868 and proceed with your choice.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00088-00102191-00102391 CONCLUSIONS: 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00089-00102391-00103554 The Flesh and Blood Blitz Decks will be sold at an indicative price of € 12.00. They will be the ideal product for anyone who wants to start fighting in the FAB arenas, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00090-00103554-00104804 representing the first step recommended for beginners, after playing the Ira deck, you will find the link in description to the official website to print your copy ready to use, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00091-00104804-00106095 and as the parent company also says, they will be perfect for facing your friends in increasingly fun game sessions. So in light of all this, is it worth buying the Flesh 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00092-00106095-00107392 and Blood Blitz decks? The answer is yes, it is absolutely worth it, especially if, I repeat once again, you want to have a valid starting point to start your adventure on Rathe,
_xq9s4nhr7k-00093-00107392-00108697 with the intention of evolving your style of play, already having a base ready for develop your own custom deck for local Blitz tournaments.
_xq9s4nhr7k-00094-00108897-00110148 Also feel free to literally try them all and explore other fighting styles as well, who knows if you will not find yourself in love with a hero, who you had not even considered 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00095-00110148-00111249 at the beginning of your adventure (it happened to me, I started with Dorinthea because I love warrior class, and I believed that I would only play the warrior for 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00096-00111249-00112179 eternity... then, I discovered Oldhim, and I literally fell in love with the Guardian and his fighting dynamics). 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00097-00112179-00113881 [only for italian FAB players! We have translated the FAB general rules for Italian fighters into Italian, with the quick rules and the sequences of a round]
_xq9s4nhr7k-00098-00113881-00114963 And you, which hero will you choose, or if you have already chosen them, what was the criterion that guided you in the selection? As always let me know in the comments. 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00099-00114963-00116028 I hope that you liked the video, before saying goodbye I invite you to subscribe to the channel, activate the bell, to stay updated on the new weekly releases, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00100-00116028-00116769 like and comment or share this content with your friends. Thank you for being in my company, 
_xq9s4nhr7k-00101-00116769-00117086 see you in the next video! [Subtitles by Irene Lunachiara - check the link in description]
_BWEjQUqCX8-00000-00000090-00000296 A SAILOR'S PHYSICAL FITNESS IS ESSENTIAL FOR
_BWEjQUqCX8-00001-00000296-00000517 MISSION READINESS, BUT WHAT ABOUT THEIR FAMLIES?
_BWEjQUqCX8-00002-00000560-00000777 SEAMAN JAMES HUNT HAS MORE ON HOW FLEET ACTIVITIES
_BWEjQUqCX8-00003-00000777-00001004 SASEBO HELPS FAMILY MEMBERS STAY IN SHAPE.
_BWEjQUqCX8-00004-00001047-00001287 MANY SAILORS ARE NOT SERVING ALONE.
_BWEjQUqCX8-00005-00001287-00001511 THEIR FAMILIES ACCOMPANY THEM AROUND THE WORLD AND
_BWEjQUqCX8-00006-00001511-00001711 STAYING IN SHAPE IS IMPORTANT FOR THEM AS
_BWEjQUqCX8-00007-00001711-00001828 WELL.
_BWEjQUqCX8-00008-00001828-00002042 CATHLEEN HIXSON, A FITNESS SPECIALIST AT THE FLEET
_BWEjQUqCX8-00009-00002042-00002318 FITNESS COMPLEX MAKES IT HER DUTY TO HELP SAILORS
_BWEjQUqCX8-00010-00002318-00002525 AND SPOUSES REACH THEIR GOALS.
_BWEjQUqCX8-00011-00002525-00002749 AS A STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACH I LOVE
_BWEjQUqCX8-00012-00002749-00003009 TO TEACH MOVEMENT AND TO HELP PEOPLE MAKE PROGRESS
_BWEjQUqCX8-00013-00003009-00003119 WITH PHYSICAL GOALS.
_BWEjQUqCX8-00014-00003119-00003556 IT'S A REAL ENJOYMENT TO SEE SOMEONE MAKE A HIGH
_BWEjQUqCX8-00015-00003556-00003897 SCORE ON THEIR PRT, IT'S GREAT TO SEE SOMEONE
_BWEjQUqCX8-00016-00003897-00004120 REALLY GROW INTO THEMSELVES.
_BWEjQUqCX8-00017-00004120-00004341 CLASSES LIKE THESE EXIST TO CREATE A HEALTHIER
_BWEjQUqCX8-00018-00004341-00004664 NAVY, WHETHER THAT BE THE SAILORS THAT SERVE OR THE
_BWEjQUqCX8-00019-00004664-00004774 FAMILIES THAT SUPPORT.
_BWEjQUqCX8-00020-00004774-00005118 SEAMAN JAMES HUNT, FLEET ACTIVITIES SASEBO, JAPAN.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00000-00000000-00000259 - [Narrator] Okay, I wanted to provide an update
_BXsvJxyjBk-00001-00000259-00000572 for the strawberry varieties for the state.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00002-00000572-00001015 Strawberry is probably the second most popular crop
_BXsvJxyjBk-00003-00001015-00001378 in the state, second two peaches,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00004-00001676-00001876 and there has been increased interest
_BXsvJxyjBk-00005-00001876-00002025 in production of strawberries,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00006-00002025-00002225 but for a variety of reasons,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00007-00002309-00002793 there has been some a bit of a hesitancy amongst the growers
_BXsvJxyjBk-00008-00002793-00003267 for one it's cited as being too difficult or expensive
_BXsvJxyjBk-00009-00003267-00003707 and, you know, in having made all of the investment,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00010-00003707-00004201 there are still may not be the production of a crop
_BXsvJxyjBk-00011-00004201-00004417 in order to make a profit.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00012-00004417-00004917 So as we know the best way to ensure a viable crop
_BXsvJxyjBk-00013-00005253-00005753 is to plant the varieties that are well-adapted
_BXsvJxyjBk-00014-00005914-00006127 first of all to use crops that are well-adapted
_BXsvJxyjBk-00015-00006127-00006436 in varieties or cultivars within that crop
_BXsvJxyjBk-00016-00006436-00006603 that are well adapted to the area.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00017-00006603-00006970 So there's a great need in technological advancements
_BXsvJxyjBk-00018-00006970-00007370 and variety selection, a variety of development
_BXsvJxyjBk-00019-00007370-00007791 be that strawberry or the crop that you're growing.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00020-00007791-00008282 And there are few with documented adaptability to our area.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00021-00008282-00008606 Camarosa is big variety that we have
_BXsvJxyjBk-00022-00008606-00008831 it has a global adaptability,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00023-00008922-00009217 but it does have its issues.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00024-00009217-00009495 There's just a need for other varieties
_BXsvJxyjBk-00025-00009495-00009976 and varieties are one of the most important decisions
_BXsvJxyjBk-00026-00009976-00010476 that you're gonna make in variety in crop production.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00027-00010791-00011143 So the objective of this study and all of our variety trials
_BXsvJxyjBk-00028-00011143-00011388 is to improve strawberry production
_BXsvJxyjBk-00029-00011388-00011787 by introducing new, better adapted strawberry varieties
_BXsvJxyjBk-00030-00011787-00012135 to improve the specialty crop market in the state.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00031-00012135-00012275 And I wanted to start off
_BXsvJxyjBk-00032-00012275-00012504 by providing a list of the varieties.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00033-00012504-00012725 We looked at 12 varieties.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00034-00012725-00013225 This trial has been going on for about five years,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00035-00013241-00013537 not with all of the same varieties here
_BXsvJxyjBk-00036-00013537-00013866 but we have Albion, which is a day neutral
_BXsvJxyjBk-00037-00013866-00014153 is the only day neutral in the trial this year.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00038-00014153-00014454 Again, Camarosa was developed by UC Davis
_BXsvJxyjBk-00039-00014673-00014956 and Camino Real, which is a variety
_BXsvJxyjBk-00040-00014956-00015341 that growers are becoming familiar with this year
_BXsvJxyjBk-00041-00015341-00015583 because Camarosa wasn't available.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00042-00015583-00016013 Camarosa is our market standard, it is available this year
_BXsvJxyjBk-00043-00016013-00016455 so many growers had to depend on Camino Real
_BXsvJxyjBk-00044-00016455-00016731 and I we'll talk about how it's done.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00045-00016731-00016913 And Chandler our other variety,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00046-00016913-00017351 rather our former market standard.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00047-00017466-00017666 And you can see some of the others,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00048-00017666-00017860 one I wanted to mention Rocco and Liz.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00049-00017860-00018137 Those are two that were developed by NC State.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00050-00018279-00018520 Glad to have those in again this year.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00051-00018654-00018865 Just to give you an idea of what we did.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00052-00018953-00019129 The experimental plots that we had,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00053-00019129-00019474 they were all replicated four times
_BXsvJxyjBk-00054-00019474-00019974 and each experimental plot was about 20 feet long
_BXsvJxyjBk-00055-00020087-00020539 and that contained about 34 plants per plot,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00056-00020539-00020961 which resulted in a per acre
_BXsvJxyjBk-00057-00020961-00021223 plant number of about over 12,000.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00058-00021313-00021813 And we planted these on the 23rd of October of last year.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00059-00021822-00022044 And we planted on double staggered rows
_BXsvJxyjBk-00060-00022147-00022564 and again, 12,000 plants per acre
_BXsvJxyjBk-00061-00022564-00022781 randomized complete block design.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00062-00022781-00023042 In the CR double staggered row,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00063-00023186-00023345 whole punching wheel there.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00064-00023345-00023699 They also, as the holes are being punched into the plastic,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00065-00023699-00024199 there's also some water with a little bit of fertilizer
_BXsvJxyjBk-00066-00024268-00024472 entering the planting hole as well.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00067-00024671-00025171 This year we harvested between April 7th and May 18th,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00068-00025196-00025398 we harvested 12 times.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00069-00025490-00025731 We did use row covers back
_BXsvJxyjBk-00070-00025731-00026130 prior to our freeze event in February 15th.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00071-00026130-00026495 And those covers remained on the strawberries
_BXsvJxyjBk-00072-00026495-00026672 for about two weeks.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00073-00026672-00027062 And here are results.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00074-00027062-00027522 This is looking at the total marketable yield per acre
_BXsvJxyjBk-00075-00027522-00027677 for our strawberries
_BXsvJxyjBk-00076-00027677-00027995 and as you can see a Camarosa as we would expect
_BXsvJxyjBk-00077-00027995-00028244 they're still up towards the top,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00078-00028244-00028744 but we have a new variety, at least new to us, Fronteras.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00079-00028823-00029089 It's a variety that was produced by UC Davis
_BXsvJxyjBk-00080-00029089-00029433 and it did pretty well this year
_BXsvJxyjBk-00081-00029433-00029645 and I would like to be able to include it
_BXsvJxyjBk-00082-00029645-00029880 in our trials next year.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00083-00029880-00030111 And again, Camino Real,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00084-00030111-00030362 the variety that a number of our growers
_BXsvJxyjBk-00085-00030362-00030718 had to depend on this year did, did quite well.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00086-00030718-00031208 It was very comparable to Camarosa as in previous years,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00087-00031343-00031592 but we look at the Rocco,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00088-00031592-00032056 the yield of Rocco is a little bit diminished
_BXsvJxyjBk-00089-00032056-00032226 when compared to the others,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00090-00032226-00032488 but Rocco was bred to be an early variety
_BXsvJxyjBk-00091-00032488-00032988 and it was meant to be a replacement for Sweet Charlie
_BXsvJxyjBk-00092-00033035-00033392 and it does quite well.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00093-00033392-00033639 It has the production
_BXsvJxyjBk-00094-00033639-00033885 of something that's on par with Camarosa
_BXsvJxyjBk-00095-00033885-00034044 for that time of the season.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00096-00034218-00034447 And another important variable we looked at
_BXsvJxyjBk-00097-00034447-00034705 is the individual berry weight.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00098-00034705-00034867 And as you can see Fronteras again,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00099-00034867-00035125 it was that number one yielder
_BXsvJxyjBk-00100-00035125-00035429 and fronteras was the largest berry.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00101-00035567-00036015 The main size of the berry was at 20 little over 27,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00102-00036015-00036323 almost twenty-seven and a half grams per berry
_BXsvJxyjBk-00103-00036323-00036529 and that's a pretty large berry,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00104-00036529-00036708 and that's not the largest berry,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00105-00036708-00036879 of course we had some large
_BXsvJxyjBk-00106-00036879-00037329 that ranged from a little bit over 30 grams,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00107-00037329-00037539 maybe 33 grams, I think,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00108-00037645-00037951 some of the larger berries that we saw there.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00109-00038107-00038562 And we notice our market standard Camarosa
_BXsvJxyjBk-00110-00038562-00038790 at twenty-one and a half grams,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00111-00038790-00039120 now followed by Camino Real at 19.8
_BXsvJxyjBk-00112-00039120-00039421 roughly almost 20 grams per fruit.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00113-00039421-00039918 And I was a a little bit surprised
_BXsvJxyjBk-00114-00039918-00040418 that Camino Real came in at that size
_BXsvJxyjBk-00115-00040448-00040553 because early on
_BXsvJxyjBk-00116-00040553-00040860 it appeared that Camino Real was producing
_BXsvJxyjBk-00117-00040860-00041091 some pretty large berries consistently
_BXsvJxyjBk-00118-00041249-00041622 but the data doesn't lie, so there you have it.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00119-00041750-00042012 But out of all of those varieties,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00120-00042012-00042467 what I wanted to do is focus on our overall top performers
_BXsvJxyjBk-00121-00042467-00042719 and that's again, our market standard,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00122-00042815-00043315 Camarosa and Camino Real, which is gaining in popularity
_BXsvJxyjBk-00123-00043428-00043609 and Fronteras.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00124-00043609-00043804 And I didn't mention Ruby June,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00125-00043804-00043941 that's another variety
_BXsvJxyjBk-00126-00043941-00044300 that a lot of growers are interested in.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00127-00044300-00044547 It's been my opinion that, you know,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00128-00044547-00044917 a number of the growers either love Ruby June or hate it
_BXsvJxyjBk-00129-00045002-00045306 but I think it is growing in popularity.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00130-00045306-00045604 I don't have it picture here but we'll discuss that after.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00131-00045948-00046214 And just wanted to have this graph here,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00132-00046214-00046592 really just to show you what happened during the season
_BXsvJxyjBk-00133-00046592-00046975 and, you know, where were these yields, you know,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00134-00046975-00047341 in according to the weeks of harvest.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00135-00047341-00047501 And so you can see
_BXsvJxyjBk-00136-00047730-00047958 it appeared that we were coming off of a peak
_BXsvJxyjBk-00137-00048123-00048354 at our first harvest, April 7th.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00138-00048717-00049020 And it's really odd this year
_BXsvJxyjBk-00139-00049020-00049298 because we had a really big star
_BXsvJxyjBk-00140-00049298-00049568 and we never really recovered in our trials.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00141-00049660-00049957 We did have a peak, another peak as you can see.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00142-00050158-00050286 So after that harvest,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00143-00050286-00050786 we had just a really pretty significant decline
_BXsvJxyjBk-00144-00050835-00051221 and all of the varieties trended that way.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00145-00051221-00051721 And you can see the dotted line here is our average yield
_BXsvJxyjBk-00146-00051984-00052135 for across all berries
_BXsvJxyjBk-00147-00052329-00052733 and Camino Real in the gray.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00148-00052733-00053207 And I hope you can see these colors here, these lines,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00149-00053207-00053349 and Fronteras and Camarosa,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00150-00053742-00054164 you can see in Camarosa appears to be a little bit earlier
_BXsvJxyjBk-00151-00054164-00054348 than fronteras
_BXsvJxyjBk-00152-00054348-00054841 and it's comparable to fronteras in marketable yield.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00153-00054953-00055453 And again, Camino Real, it is more similar, I suppose,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00154-00055640-00056030 to Camarosa in terms of earliness.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00155-00056349-00056639 And I also wanted to take a look at what was going on
_BXsvJxyjBk-00156-00056639-00057049 during the week, as is pretty common,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00157-00057049-00057447 pretty typical is that we start off with some big berries
_BXsvJxyjBk-00158-00057447-00057721 and as the season progresses,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00159-00057721-00058092 the berries start to tend towards the smaller berries
_BXsvJxyjBk-00160-00058092-00058320 and that's because when we start
_BXsvJxyjBk-00161-00058320-00058712 our primary flowers will begin, those are larger flowers
_BXsvJxyjBk-00162-00058712-00059119 and so larger flowers typically mean a larger berry.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00163-00059119-00059523 And we can see that the berry started off here
_BXsvJxyjBk-00164-00059523-00059707 and we did actually see
_BXsvJxyjBk-00165-00059707-00060041 somewhat of a peak in the berry size,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00166-00060041-00060489 but again, it did start to turn down to smaller berries
_BXsvJxyjBk-00167-00060489-00060885 as we approached the end of our harvest.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00168-00061321-00061705 So I wanted to focus on specific varieties,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00169-00061705-00061844 and this is Fronteras.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00170-00061844-00062263 It produces really large berries, conical shape berries,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00171-00062263-00062459 the largest berry that we had,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00172-00062459-00062679 as I mentioned, it was about 32 grams.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00173-00062945-00063272 The maturity is a little bit later than Camarosa.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00174-00063462-00063705 The plant size in terms of the plant.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00175-00063705-00063965 The plant is similar in size to Camarosa
_BXsvJxyjBk-00176-00064140-00064398 Camarosa it's a large plant.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00177-00064553-00064657 And the berries,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00178-00064657-00065157 the berries sort of had almost for lack of a better word
_BXsvJxyjBk-00179-00065362-00065544 the color of the redness
_BXsvJxyjBk-00180-00065544-00065895 was almost tended to be a little bit fluorescent red.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00181-00065895-00066265 It was just a kind of an extra brilliant red
_BXsvJxyjBk-00182-00066371-00066633 wasn't really captured in this picture right here,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00183-00066633-00067105 but you really see it in the field.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00184-00067105-00067380 It was a sweet berries, it was a pretty pleasant berry,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00185-00067521-00067745 pretty pleasant tasting berry.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00186-00067745-00067905 It had a little bit of tartness.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00187-00068137-00068361 Now moving on to Camino Real,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00188-00068361-00068693 the variety that the growers had to depend on this year.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00189-00068965-00069105 Out of all of the growers,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00190-00069105-00069605 I think one was not completely satisfied with Camino Real.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00191-00069820-00069999 Other than that I've heard nothing but good things
_BXsvJxyjBk-00192-00069999-00070170 about the variety.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00193-00070170-00070445 It produces a large berry typically
_BXsvJxyjBk-00194-00070445-00070848 and that kind of probably seems to suggest to me that
_BXsvJxyjBk-00195-00070959-00071174 what we were seeing in the field
_BXsvJxyjBk-00196-00071174-00071504 and the numbers that we're actually for the berry size,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00197-00071609-00071889 that may suggest that we have quite a bit of variability
_BXsvJxyjBk-00198-00072044-00072231 in the individual berry size,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00199-00072397-00072504 as I mentioned,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00200-00072692-00072881 in the field that really seemed to produce
_BXsvJxyjBk-00201-00072881-00073357 some fairly large berries consistently.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00202-00073498-00073828 And it is a Berry that is similar to Camarosa
_BXsvJxyjBk-00203-00074077-00074491 and you know, it was favorable to most growers
_BXsvJxyjBk-00204-00074491-00074803 and it has a fairly pleasant taste,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00205-00074803-00075107 one of the downsides of this berry
_BXsvJxyjBk-00206-00075338-00075617 and the growers really didn't point this out,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00207-00075617-00075793 they were quite pleased with it
_BXsvJxyjBk-00208-00075793-00076225 but it has a reputation for not being quite as flavorful,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00209-00076225-00076500 not being quite as sweet as some of the others.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00210-00076500-00076784 But we found that you can improve that
_BXsvJxyjBk-00211-00076784-00077284 if the berries are harvested when they're really red,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00212-00077295-00077705 but you know, it's not very pretty,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00213-00077705-00078036 not a simple thing to do really when you're in the field,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00214-00078036-00078254 especially in you pick operation
_BXsvJxyjBk-00215-00078254-00078427 when customers are, you know,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00216-00078427-00078699 they're finding red berries in and they pick them.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00217-00078699-00079005 But if this berry's left on the plant a little bit longer,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00218-00079005-00079212 you can improve on the sweetness
_BXsvJxyjBk-00219-00079212-00079413 and the flavor of the berry.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00220-00079500-00079682 That brings us to Camarosa
_BXsvJxyjBk-00221-00079682-00080176 it had a maximum berry size of twenty-two and a half.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00222-00080387-00080686 It was the top yielder again this year
_BXsvJxyjBk-00223-00080839-00081145 and it has a pretty excellent flavor,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00224-00081303-00081452 few can match it.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00225-00081452-00081796 There are some in the trials that have surpassed,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00226-00081796-00082069 I think Camarosa in flavor,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00227-00082069-00082300 but it does have an excellent flavor
_BXsvJxyjBk-00228-00082300-00082800 and it is a excellent yield, a fairly consistent yielder.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00229-00082804-00082973 It's usually in the tops every year
_BXsvJxyjBk-00230-00082973-00083249 and that's twice the market standard.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00231-00083249-00083664 And the added a variety I wanted to talk about
_BXsvJxyjBk-00232-00083664-00083838 was Ruby June.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00233-00083838-00084201 It was a variety of much discussion early on as I said,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00234-00084201-00084564 at least early on a lot of the growers they either loved it,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00235-00084564-00084728 or they hated it.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00236-00084728-00084955 We think that there's probably something to do
_BXsvJxyjBk-00237-00084955-00085102 with fertility.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00238-00085102-00085602 So varieties vary in terms of their nutrient requirements,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00239-00085995-00086140 particularly nitrogen.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00240-00086140-00086470 And so these might be a higher feeder,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00241-00086470-00086789 or it may not require as much nitrogen on there,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00242-00086789-00087077 but there is developing information out there
_BXsvJxyjBk-00243-00087077-00087577 on varieties and their nutrient requirements.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00244-00087599-00087866 This is a variety bred by Lassen Canyon.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00245-00088345-00088609 I think it's a fairly good variety.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00246-00088609-00088944 It is slightly earlier than Camarosa in our trials.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00247-00088944-00089152 And one thing about this berries,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00248-00089152-00089464 the plant at least it's a medium sized plant
_BXsvJxyjBk-00249-00089464-00089708 but it has a tendency
_BXsvJxyjBk-00250-00089708-00090064 to produce these really large band type leaves.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00251-00090064-00090442 And that's one of the things that sort of stuck out to me.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00252-00090534-00090897 The berry is a very good tasting variety,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00253-00090897-00091310 I found it to be very sweet, a very flavorful berry
_BXsvJxyjBk-00254-00091310-00091810 and some of the growers express the same things
_BXsvJxyjBk-00255-00091813-00092073 in terms of the quality of Ruby June.
_BXsvJxyjBk-00256-00092395-00092750 So, well, that brings us to the end of the presentation
_BXsvJxyjBk-00257-00092750-00092924 and if you have any questions,
_BXsvJxyjBk-00258-00092924-00093144 I'd be happy to entertain them.
_HKtgrGNs_c-00000-00000000-00000200 Zeljanica na pekarski način | Kako se pravi | How to make
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00000-00000024-00000528 I greet you in the name of Jesus Christ our Lord and Savior, I Am Brother Hosanna David.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00001-00000528-00001188 This is a (Narrow Ways Christ for All Nations), a non-denominational evangelical ministry.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00002-00001260-00002028 This is a message the lord gave me on the 2nd of October 2022. It is a message to the church,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00003-00002028-00002580 a message to Christians, especially those who have compromised their faith
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00004-00002640-00003311 at the point of repentance, or after their repentance. Those who are still involved
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00005-00003311-00003947 in different kinds of kingdoms, yet they claim to be members of the kingdom of God.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00006-00004014-00004758 The church is a kingdom, the church is not a religion, it is the extension of God's
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00007-00004758-00005436 kingdom on earth. The church of Jesus Christ is an extension of God's kingdom, we become a
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00008-00005436-00006096 member of that kingdom when we give our lives to Jesus Christ. We become a member of that Kingdom
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00009-00006096-00007008 when we repent of our sins and are born again. Through baptism we are initiated into the kingdom.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00010-00007068-00007794 This message is not to condemn anybody, it is not to discriminate against anybody, but it is
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00011-00007794-00008556 to call those who are concerned to repentance. Jesus Christ came for sinners, Jesus Christ came
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00012-00008556-00009138 for the sick. Those who are living in sin are those that are sick, and they need a doctor.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00013-00009264-00010020 This message is to call them to repentance and not actually to condemn them. And I still want to say,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00014-00010020-00010668 if this message concerns you, please repent of your sins, go for deliverance,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00015-00010668-00011370 renounce witchcraft and every other kingdom that you belong to, and Jesus Christ will
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00016-00011370-00012060 accept you as a child of the Kingdom. Before I begin this message, let us pray.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00017-00012138-00012984 O Lord Our God, your mercy is Everlasting, your love is Everlasting. But your mercy and your love
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00018-00012984-00013619 can only be secured right here in this world, for your word in Hebrew 9: 27 says, “It is appointed
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00019-00013619-00014250 unto men to die once, and after that, judgment.” Lord we can only secure your mercy and your love
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00020-00014316-00015036 while we are still in the body, therefore we ask that you give us your grace to please you, to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00021-00015036-00015756 repent sincerely. Lord we ask that you speak your word to us, you gave me this message Lord, help me
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00022-00015756-00016566 to deliver this message the way you actually gave it to me. We ask that as many that will listen to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00023-00016566-00017136 this message, will be touched in their hearts so that they can repent and come to you, and rest
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00024-00017136-00017964 in your bosom on the last day. Thank you Lord. May this message never stand against the hearers,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00025-00017964-00018624 but Lord, help as many that will listen to this message, to come to repentance, so that
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00026-00018624-00019212 this message will not witness against them on the last day, in Jesus Christ's name we pray, amen.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00027-00019212-00019890 This message actually is to call as many that are concerned to repentance. A lot of things are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00028-00019890-00020634 happening in the church today, sin is increasing so much, and God is not happy, Jesus Christ is not
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00029-00020634-00021210 happy; He is calling his children to repentance. This is a message that I got from the Lord on the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00030-00021210-00022266 2nd of October, on Sunday 2022. And I want to read the message, because I wrote it down. When
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00031-00022266-00022752 there is need, I'm going to comment on it, but I will try as much as possible so that this message
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00032-00022752-00023514 d oesn't get too long. And before I read the message, I want us to read from the word of God.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00033-00023640-00024906 Ezekiel 8: 8 following, “Then said He unto me, Son of man, dig now in the wall: and when I had digged
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00034-00025014-00025548 in the wall, behold a door. And He said unto me, Go in, and behold
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00035-00025548-00026424 the wicked abominations that they do here. So I went in and saw; and behold every form
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00036-00026424-00027276 of creeping things, and abominable beasts, and all the idols of the house of Israel,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00037-00027276-00027924 portrayed upon the wall round about. And there stood before them seventy men
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00038-00027924-00029220 of the ancients of the house of Israel, and in the midst of them stood Jaazaniah the son of Shaphan,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00039-00029220-00030089 with every man his censer in his hand; and a thick cloud of incense went up.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00040-00030294-00030827 Verse 14. Then he brought me to the door of the gate of the LORD's house
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00041-00030930-00031644 which was toward the north; and, behold, there sat women weeping for Tammuz.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00042-00031745-00032064 Then said he unto me, Hast thou seen this,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00043-00032064-00032850 O son of man? turn thee yet again, and thou shalt see greater abominations than these.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00044-00032982-00033762 And he brought me into the inner court of the LORD's house, and, behold, at the door of the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00045-00033762-00034302 temple of the LORD, between the porch and the altar, were about five and twenty men,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00046-00034362-00035010 with their backs toward the temple of the LORD, and their faces toward the east;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00047-00035088-00036018 and they worshipped the sun toward the east. Then he said unto me, hast thou seen this,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00048-00036018-00036876 O son of man? Is it a light thing to the house of Judah that they commit the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00049-00036876-00037470 abominations which they commit here? For they have filled the land with violence,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00050-00037470-00038412 and have returned to provoke me to anger: and, lo, they put the branch to their nose.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00051-00038604-00039726 This was the time of Ezekiel, the Abomination, the witchcraft, the idolatry that was ongoing
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00052-00039726-00040584 in his time, even in the temple of the Lord. And God opened the eyes of Ezekiel to see the evil
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00053-00040584-00041166 that was ongoing; The abomination that those who supposed to worship God in spirit and in truth,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00054-00041166-00041952 and in Holiness and righteousness were involved in, in the secret. The same is going on today,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00055-00042102-00043014 a lot of places we call churches, are actually business centers. Some are witch doctors shrines,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00056-00043074-00043692 but they are gathered In The name of the Lord. A lot of witch doctors have opened churches
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00057-00043692-00044064 today, and they are parading themselves as servants of God.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00058-00044064-00044976 I want to say that there are true churches of Jesus Christ, and there are true children of God
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00059-00044976-00045606 who are worshiping God in spirit and in truth, so do not think that everybody has fallen away,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00060-00045606-00046248 all churches are evil; that is not what this message is saying. There are churches that are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00061-00046248-00046980 still standing strong, standing firm on the truth and are worshiping God in spirit and in truth. So
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00062-00046980-00047610 the fact that God reveals these things to me does not mean that he's condemning all the churches,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00063-00047610-00048480 all the denominations, all the congregations, no. As you listen to this message, I want you to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00064-00048558-00049500 think very deeply and ask yourself, is where I am worshiping God really of God? meanwhile
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00065-00049500-00050070 I don't have any church of my own, so I'm not telling you this because I want you to come to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00066-00050070-00051066 my church. I am an evangelist, the ministry I am into is evangelical, it is non-denominational. So
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00067-00051066-00051666 I am not asking you to come to my denomination, I don't have any church. If I win souls I hand
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00068-00051666-00052416 over the souls to churches, so I don't have any church. So don't even try to misunderstand me
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00069-00052500-00053310 and starts feeling that maybe I'm trying to run these churches down so that people can come to my
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00070-00053310-00053772 church, I don't have any choice and I'm going to have any church till I leave this world;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00071-00053772-00054222 I mean I'm not going to set up a church till I leave this world.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00072-00054222-00055074 My work, my calling, right from the beginning, 2005 March 21st, God told me that he's calling
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00073-00055074-00056004 me to do evangelism. The first thing that I saw in this Revelation was that, I saw human beings,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00074-00056094-00056586 I couldn't remember how many of them, I can't remember how many they were,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00075-00056586-00057474 but I saw human beings, they have big bodies, but small heads. Their heads were very, very small,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00076-00057588-00058350 comparing the heads to their large bodies; and they were huge and tall, but they had
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00077-00058350-00059016 this small head, it was very, very small. And then the Holy Spirit told me, that the people
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00078-00059094-00060317 I saw represent ‘modern Christians.’ He told me that the small heads I saw depicts their
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00079-00060396-00061008 small knowledge of the word of God. They have very little knowledge of God's word, and the big
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00080-00061008-00061896 bodies represent ‘a body that is full of sin.’ Now these people that I saw are not actually
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00081-00061896-00062688 representing the whole of modern Christians, not all the Christians, but it is representing these
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00082-00062688-00063264 sets of people who are involved in witchcraft that the Lord is actually passing this message to.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00083-00063264-00063900 This is not a depiction, it is not a representation of the true church
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00084-00063900-00064590 of Jesus Christ, but these sets of people who are living in deception,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00085-00064590-00065532 in hypocrisy, who haven't actually completed their repentance before calling themselves Christians.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00086-00065532-00066744 In another vision I saw someone who just took his bath, the person's body looked glassy and shiny.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00087-00066744-00067656 There are some of these kind of liquid, when they touch your skin, they will be shiny like
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00088-00067656-00068454 a mirror, they could reflect. So it was something like that. I know there was this paper gum I used
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00089-00068454-00069228 to use when I was in secondary school, if it touches your skin, it used to shine like that;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00090-00069228-00070050 so it was something like that that I saw. And then I also saw another person who had
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00091-00070050-00070992 a very hairy skin, but the skin was, the hair on the person's skin was tangled,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00092-00071058-00072078 the hair was entangled and it was mixed with some gummy substances. The person's skin was
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00093-00072078-00073044 not smooth, it was full of hair and it was stain with this gummy and sticky substances.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00094-00073308-00074034 The Holy Spirit then spoke to me, “At repentance and baptism these people are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00095-00074034-00074730 supposed to be washed clean from their sins but they hid some of their sins. This is why
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00096-00074730-00075540 they are not clean even after bath. Heaven is not meant for witches and wizards. It is not a
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00097-00075540-00076080 resting place for those who are tired because of their busybodies and involvement in sin.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00098-00076146-00076716 Then He said, as if He was addressing them directly,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00099-00076902-00077460 “Do not think that Heaven will vomit you because it
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00100-00077460-00078192 is not going to receive you at the first place.” What the Lord is saying here is that some people,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00101-00078192-00078660 they, at the point of repentance before their baptism, they don't
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00102-00078732-00079542 open up to say, okay, I was involved in witchcraft or I've been involved in marine kingdoms, I want
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00103-00079542-00080202 to be delivered from these kingdoms. They don't present themselves for deliverance, they don't.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00104-00080292-00080940 Many of them don't even mention their involvement in witchcraft or in the occult, they don't even
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00105-00080940-00081456 say that. At the point of repentance many of these people don't actually confess their sins
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00106-00081456-00082092 to that point, they feel embarrassed, or they have their own different reasons. Some feel that
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00107-00082092-00082782 because they have entered some level of covenants at the point of initiation, and have agreed that
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00108-00082782-00083316 they will never disclose to anybody, any secrets about Their Kingdoms or about their involvement
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00109-00083316-00083898 in witchcraft. Some of them are even threatened that the day you talk, the day you tell anybody
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00110-00083898-00084708 that you are a witch, you are going to die. Some are involved in obanje, they have mermaid
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00111-00084708-00085452 spirits, some have spirits spouses, spirits husbands, spirit wives, who even appear to them.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00112-00085614-00086286 Let me just say this for the purpose of clarity, I have been involved in Deliverance,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00113-00086286-00086748 in the deliverance ministry even while I was in Junior Secondary School.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00114-00086838-00087606 I was involved, up to date. So I know exactly what I'm talking about. There was a day,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00115-00087606-00088488 while I was a pastor in Saint Andrews Cathedral. There was this lady who is a communicant;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00116-00088488-00088818 a communicant is somebody who takes Holy Communion in church.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00117-00089016-00089814 I was telling her that I saw serpents around you, snakes around you, what is happening?
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00118-00089814-00090402 are you possessed? She said never, she was not possessed. So I told her, are you sure you are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00119-00090402-00091086 not possessed? She said never, she knows nothing about what I was saying. So I told her okay, say;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00120-00091146-00091914 Lord Jesus come into my heart, she couldn't say it, say Lord Jesus come into my heart,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00121-00091914-00092886 she couldn't say it. It was after I pressurized her, she opened up to me that she is actually
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00122-00092886-00093792 possessed! And that she traveled to Lagos to one popular man of God who was known for deliverance,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00123-00093900-00094668 and that after she got there and returned home, the man pushed her into the kingdom
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00124-00094740-00095574 the more. She was pushed inside the more, that after she returned from Lagos,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00125-00095574-00096192 Lagos is in Nigeria, after she returned, she never thought about deliverance again.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00126-00096192-00096690 This is what actually happens, many of these people who are pastors; they push people inside
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00127-00096690-00097422 the more. If you say you want to repent and they themselves are involved in these dark kingdoms,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00128-00097422-00098286 they will even initiate you the more. It is happening! I'm telling you the truth. There
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00129-00098286-00099066 was this girl, who was 13 years old, is it 13 or 14 (2007), I prayed for her. She was confessing
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00130-00099066-00099594 witchcraft so I conducted deliverance for her. The elder sister was there,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00131-00099684-00100164 after praying for her, she traveled back because it was during holiday,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00132-00100164-00100584 she actually came to visit her elder sister. So she traveled back
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00133-00100716-00101502 to meet her mom, where she was staying, and the step dad was a pastor. So when she got home,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00134-00101502-00102024 she told me, well I actually gave her my number because the Lord revealed to me in the course of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00135-00102024-00102540 the deliverance, that she was going to encounter some challenges. So I gave her my number that if
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00136-00102540-00103050 you have any problem, just call me and say, I am this person, and I will call you back.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00137-00103235-00103950 So she got home and the stepdad was asking her, oh, when last did you go to the coven? What is
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00138-00103950-00104466 happening there? And she said, I haven't been there, one brother prayed for me and since then,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00139-00104466-00105276 I haven't gone to the coven, I haven't attended meetings. And the stepdad said, according to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00140-00105276-00105756 what she told me, she said the step dad held her eyes and pressed her face and was saying;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00141-00105756-00106248 you must go, you must go to coven, you must go to coven, you must go to coven. And that was how
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00142-00106326-00107004 she saw herself in another coven, that same day. And that they were only females in the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00143-00107004-00107826 coven. It was this her stepdad, who is a pastor, “Pastor” who was the only male
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00144-00107928-00108611 and the head of the coven. He was the only male person in the coven and he was the head,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00145-00108611-00109182 the rest people were all females, according to what she told me. It is happening! There
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00146-00109182-00109596 is a lot of initiation going on in many of these places we call churches.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00147-00109698-00110316 There is this message the lord gave me five years ago, which I posted. It’s on (Eagle Eye
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00148-00110316-00111048 Opener Global Outreach) website, the transcript is there. Then the video is on (Eagle Eye Opener),
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00149-00111048-00111696 even on my personal YouTube channel “Urgent warning to False Prophets and Pastors”. I'll put
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00150-00111696-00112122 the link in the description box of this video. In that message the Lord revealed to me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00151-00112122-00112854 a lot of things that are going on. And he warn the false prophets and false pastors
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00152-00112950-00113406 about their evils in the church. I know since I released that message,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00153-00113406-00113796 there has been a lot of fight. Even this one the Lord told me, He asked me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00154-00113796-00114372 that can he speak through me? And I said yes. He told me they are going to fight me, but
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00155-00114432-00114780 that's not my concern; Even they themselves, won’t they die?
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00156-00114846-00115409 The strongest of all men, the strongest of these people will still die, everybody will
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00157-00115409-00116135 die. Christians don't die, they only cross over to the other side. I don't believe in dying young,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00158-00116135-00116670 there's nothing like dying young in my dictionary. Anybody will die, everybody in this world will
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00159-00116670-00117114 die; everybody is going to die. We are on the queue, everybody is on the queue. It is either,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00160-00117114-00117978 you are ahead of me or I'm ahead of you, everybody is on the queue. We are moving straight crossing
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00161-00117978-00118535 over from this world. Everybody is going to die, so there is nothing like this person died young,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00162-00118535-00119220 or this person died at a very unripe age. Me, I don't actually see those things as my priority.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00163-00119382-00120120 My priority is, let's not die and live this world and go to the place of torment. So it
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00164-00120120-00120894 is the destination that is my concern, it is not the time of departure that is my concern,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00165-00120894-00121488 it is not my primary concern. So those who want to do evil, they should continue and do their evil,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00166-00121488-00121854 if they don't want to change, if they don't want to repent; they should continue to do their evil.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00167-00121985-00122616 It is none of my business, but God is able to protect his children. He is with us,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00168-00122616-00123348 He will protect us. That is my belief. Even in God's Own wisdom, if He says you die,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00169-00123348-00124122 then fine, no problem. Everybody will die, and we will stand before our maker
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00170-00124122-00124583 to receive our rewards. Everybody is on the queue. Let's go back to the message.  
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00171-00124704-00125688 Then he said to me, “Tell My children that those who are mine must be owned by Me. Possession with
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00172-00125688-00126372 witchcraft is not a case of spiritual adultery, it is the issue of ownership. It is the person
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00173-00126372-00127044 that owns the spirit in you that owns the body because without the spirit the body is dead.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00174-00127146-00128148 (1Cor. 6:17; Romans 8:9; James 2:26). At this point the Holy Spirit asked me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00175-00128148-00128832 “Can I speak to you? Will you be afraid to speak My mind?” Then I said “speak to me.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00176-00128885-00129870 Then God showed me a very popular holiness preacher (name withheld) and said,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00177-00129948-00130716 “This man has laboured for me but he won’t enter heaven because he has not renounced witchcraft.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00178-00130788-00131286 Nobody can cross from one Kingdom to another secretly without others knowing.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00179-00131352-00132024 I do not also give birth to My children in secret. At the point of accepting to follow Me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00180-00132024-00132714 those who are involved in witchcraft and other Kingdoms activities must confess it.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00181-00132714-00133542 Confession is stepping on top of the Rock on which My power washes people clean.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00182-00133650-00134310 If you do not step on the altar of cleansing the Blood of the Lamb will never touch your body.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00183-00134376-00135354 Tell all those who have entered through the back doors to go back and enter through the main gate.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00184-00135408-00136002 The sheep pen is for the sheep and not for the lions and the tigers.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00185-00136098-00136728 Let me explain a little bit. I pastored in a church for 10 years,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00186-00136794-00138066 I was a lay Pastor for 10 years. On a very rare occasion, people told me that they needed
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00187-00138066-00138678 deliverance, because they were either possessed with the spirits of witchcraft ogbanje spirit,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00188-00138780-00139716 marine Spirits; they have spirit spouses. It was on a very rare occasions, very,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00189-00139716-00140808 very rare. There were times I even had to, I was in charge of baptism, I was for many years. I was
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00190-00140808-00141702 the one teaching those who want to get baptized. In Anglican Church, there is this process of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00191-00141702-00142398 teaching the people, when it is not emergency you teach people about the primary doctrine of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00192-00142398-00143076 Christianity and the need for repentance, why you are getting baptized; before you will be baptized.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00193-00143160-00143910 I used that opportunity to talk about witchcraft; even some of them that the Lord revealed to me
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00194-00143910-00144816 that were possessed. I used the opportunity to talk to them, you have to change, you are getting
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00195-00144816-00145680 prepared to enter a new kingdom, you have to leave those kingdoms on a very, very rare. You see
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00196-00145680-00146370 somebody saying, I am involved in witchcraft. Some of them could easily say okay, I have ogbanje,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00197-00146454-00147312 I have marine spirits; but they will never agree that they have witchcraft spirits. But
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00198-00147390-00148248 unknowingly, to many people, they stigmatize people who are involved in witchcraft,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00199-00148422-00149358 but they don't actually see much things wrong with people who have ogbanje spirits, mermaids spirits.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00200-00149532-00149988 They don't know that somebody who goes to the water has more powers
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00201-00150060-00151140 than someone who is involved, who flies to covens, many of them don't know. And people are ashamed
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00202-00151206-00151944 especially in Africa to say, I am a witch. They can easily say I’m ogbanje, they can
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00203-00151944-00152550 easily say I have a spirit spouse, I have a spirit a wife, I have a spirit husband.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00204-00152694-00153312 They feel very comfortable to say that; that for them to say I am a witch or I am a wizard.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00205-00153408-00153876 But whether you say it or not, whether you seek for deliverance or not,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00206-00153936-00154674 in hell, if you make it to hell, that place you are heading to, if you succeed to get there,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00207-00154674-00155334 let me tell you, you are going to scream after staying there for some minutes.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00208-00155472-00156288 I'm talking about a place that was prepared by God in His anger for satan and his fallen
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00209-00156288-00156888 angels for rebelling against him. These are Spirit beings, mighty in strength,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00210-00156888-00157884 mighty in Statue, they can resist pains. So God decided to create hell for them,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00211-00157884-00158898 according to their strengths. God created them; He knows how powerful they are. He decided to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00212-00158898-00159480 create a place of torment for them according to their ability, according to their strengths.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00213-00159570-00160416 Man that is born of woman does not have that strength that demons have, that many
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00214-00160416-00161238 of these fallen angels have. Man does not have that strength. Hell is not prepared for man,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00215-00161238-00162042 so when they get there, they will confess out of pains, out of the agony, with worms,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00216-00162138-00162852 digging into their bodies. And fire, liquid fire burning. They will scream and confess their sins.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00217-00162852-00163716 Those who were involved in witchcraft, in occult, they are going to scream and scream, and say oh
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00218-00163716-00164388 God! I was a witch, God, I was a wizard, please help me, take me out of here; Lord I want to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00219-00164388-00165174 repent. You won’t be ashamed to hide these things, you will scream and when God does not forgive,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00220-00165174-00166236 when God says it is over, you will open your mouth and insult God; and blaspheme God and call him a
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00221-00166236-00167046 wicked God. You are going to call God an impartial God, that the things you did on earth were too
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00222-00167046-00167700 little to receive this great reward. And I tell you the truth, it is going to be for eternity.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00223-00167700-00168150 I know after I preach messages like this, some people fight me, some people call me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00224-00168150-00168852 contact me and try to tempt me, and try to fight me and send their agents after me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00225-00168852-00169482 but it is none of my business, I'm only doing my work, I'm speaking my truth, and I know there are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00226-00169482-00170016 people who are mad on the streets, some of them never spoke truth like this before they run mad,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00227-00170076-00170556 there are people who have died; my mates are already in the grave.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00228-00170670-00171522 So by next week, this week Friday, on the 14th, I will be 39 years old.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00229-00171522-00172506 So Jesus died at the age of 33 and half years, and he said it is finished! He finished his work.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00230-00172506-00173226 Jesus was able, He completed his work and he was able to commit his Spirit into the hands of the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00231-00173226-00173814 one who sent him. He said, ‘Father into your hands I commit my spirit’, and He took his last breath.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00232-00173868-00174660 John was just months older than Jesus and he died before Jesus,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00233-00174660-00175122 but Jesus Christ said, “Of all men born of women, there is none greater than John,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00234-00175122-00175602 none, but the least in the Kingdom of Heaven is greater than he.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00235-00175764-00176460 So John, even though he died young without even children, Jesus Christ said he was the greatest,”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00236-00176598-00177750 He fulfilled his ministry. So it's not about years you spend, it is most miserable to grow old and
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00237-00177750-00178878 live a 100 years, 130 years, 120 years, 85 years, 90 years and end up in hell. It is miserable that
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00238-00178878-00179460 you waste 100 years and end up in hell, so for those of you who are ready to fight, those of you
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00239-00179460-00180114 who want to kill, who are in the church to commit evil, to commit havoc, to poison people, to poison
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00240-00180114-00180810 your pastors, to try to seduce them, I tell you the truth, do not repent, continue! Continue!
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00241-00180906-00181632 A day is coming; do you think God is crazy? Do you think God is blind? God sees all these things,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00242-00181632-00182544 but he is just waiting, God is waiting for some of you; that you finish your days. You have a day,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00243-00182544-00183270 you are going to die. Just the way you had a birthday, you have a death day. You are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00244-00183270-00183906 going to die, and God is just waiting for you to die, to go and receive your punishment.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00245-00183972-00184818 There are some of you who are alive, but to God you are already dead. He has concluded your case,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00246-00184818-00185382 He's just waiting for you to complete, just like satan. God has concluded his case,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00247-00185454-00186186 God is waiting for satan to face the judgment and receive his eternal reward.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00248-00186306-00186906 So you can go ahead and continue to do your evil, and those of you pastors who are in the church;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00249-00186906-00187584 you have rings in your hands, you have powers, you have you have polluted anointed water,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00250-00187584-00188112 anointing oil, you lay hands on people and release evil spirits upon them, you go ahead and continue!
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00251-00188112-00189144 No problem. You a mortal man, the church that Jesus died for, you are in that church doing evil,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00252-00189222-00189864 the ark of Noah that's supposed to save, you are in that ark causing havoc, continue! No problem.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00253-00189954-00190698 A day is coming, a day is coming, when He shall appear in the clouds, the evil shall hide.  
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00254-00190698-00191286 Revelation 1:7 says, “Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00255-00191286-00191501 and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00256-00191501-00192480 Amen.” Those who pierce him, those who say let's kill him and those who are in the church
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00257-00192480-00192966 and continue to pierce him and continue to pierce him. Remember the church is the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00258-00192966-00193374 body of Christ, it is a spiritual body of Christ, so each time you go to the church,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00259-00193374-00193992 to fight, to hinder the work of God, to hinder the heart, the truth, you are piercing; you are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00260-00193992-00194748 piercing him, more and more, because the church is a body of Christ. And all kindreds of the earth,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00261-00194748-00195486 those who pierce him, they we wail. If you like don't change, if you like continue to do evil,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00262-00195486-00196176 sleep with church members, abuse as many as you can, continue to hypnotize people. And people will
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00263-00196176-00196758 say, oh! The Holy Spirit is moving, God is moving, today’s service was powerful, today’s sermon was
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00264-00196758-00197322 just wow. Those of you, who say I see your face I prophesy and you have familiar spirits, continue!
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00265-00197322-00198114 Don't even change, your days are numbered. I tell you the truth, your days are numbered, your days
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00266-00198114-00198840 are numbered. I don't care about what you feel about me, but if this is the only truth I am able
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00267-00198840-00199608 to speak before I leave this world, I will speak it and I will say it, with all my heart, that your
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00268-00199608-00200226 days are numbered. Your days are numbered. God is angry and he is coming to judge this world,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00269-00200226-00201144 God must judge this world! Enough of the nonsense; if you fail to change, God will be against you
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00270-00201144-00201720 forever, I know what I'm talking about, I know how many pastors try to kill me, I know how many
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00271-00201720-00202272 times they try to poison me, even some of those I admired because of their Holiness messages,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00272-00202368-00202866 they are still involved in witchcraft, and different kind of spirits are living
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00273-00202866-00203316 inside of them. If you fail to change it's going to be terrible.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00274-00203652-00204300 When I had accident, with my leg amputated, a pastor bought fruits, he bought fruits to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00275-00204300-00204906 come and give to me, he gave to me on my hospital bed, he tried to kill me, he tried to poison me.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00276-00204906-00205530 And as I was sleeping, the Lord told me, this man is a witch, he's a wizard, he has poisoned
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00277-00205530-00206406 these fruits, don't eat these fruits, don't! He's preaching today, he's preaching today.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00278-00206628-00207450 One of them poisoned chewing stick for me, he was chewing, chewing stick to clean his teeth,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00279-00207450-00208067 so I told him give me from the chewing stick, give me. So he cuts half and gave to me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00280-00208067-00208458 immediately I chewed the chewinjg stick, my teeth started paining me.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00281-00208458-00209196 I can't remember exactly where, but it was between 2008
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00282-00209280-00210114 and 2010. I can't remember exactly the year. My teeth started paining me, I started crying,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00283-00210114-00210576 I went upstairs and I called my mom and I said mom, somebody has poisoned me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00284-00210576-00211254 somebody has poisoned me; and we prayed. After the prayers, that same day, the pains disappeared.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00285-00211367-00211914 Before night fall, the pains disappeared. I didn't take any drugs, I didn't take any medication.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00286-00211998-00212754 He is wearing collar today, he’s a man of God, giving people Holy Communion. He is a man of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00287-00212754-00213528 God. Some of those who are heads of churches today are the same people who head covens, who are the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00288-00213528-00214248 heads of covens, they attend, they drink blood, they kill, they eat human flesh.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00289-00214356-00215117 The same people, same people in the kingdoms of darkness and in the kingdoms of light.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00290-00215117-00215969 The Judgment of God is coming, and it is going to be very, very fierce. Ordinary man, ordinary dust,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00291-00216066-00216654 because you have life, you choose to use the life to do evil, even in the house of God;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00292-00216654-00217308 It is going to be terrible. And those of you who go to Children departments and you Bewitched
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00293-00217308-00217878 people's children, you try to recruit as many as you can into the kingdoms of darkness, you possess
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00294-00217878-00218616 them. Your day is coming, your day is coming, God is coming for you, your days are numbered.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00295-00218616-00219246 He's coming for you, don't worry, don't worry. Those of you who have charms in your mouth
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00296-00219246-00219732 and you tell people to sow seeds, they can't resist. When you tell them, you,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00297-00219732-00220188 God said give, they give, they sell their houses, they sell their cars, they give,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00298-00220373-00221034 and at the end they go and regret at home because they will bewitched by you in the name of God,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00299-00221154-00221742 he's coming for you, the Judgment of God shall be terrible for you. In this message the Lord said,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00300-00221742-00222876 that those who are involved in this, those who are involved in this spiritual oppression against the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00301-00222876-00223421 church and against Christians. Those who are Christians, who call themselves Christians,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00302-00223421-00223956 who go to church yet they have this evil powers; that if they fail to repent, they
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00303-00223956-00224682 shall have their special places prepared for them, their cells in Hell shall be different and their
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00304-00224682-00225462 torment shall be higher; Because they know the truth, but refuse to use it. Those of you girls,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00305-00225564-00226086 any man of God they transfer to your church you want to sleep with them. You want to you, have a
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00306-00226086-00226656 register, anybody transferred to your church, any man of God, you sleep with them and you write his
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00307-00226656-00227232 name. I have slept with prophets this, I've slept with evangelist this, I've slept with,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00308-00227394-00227910 go ahead, continue! Don't worry, go ahead, go ahead,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00309-00227910-00228623 go ahead. If they fall for you continue, continue. They are in the church; some know how to sing very
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00310-00228623-00229404 well, they know how to sing. Any child of God, they must approach you, they must try to disgrace
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00311-00229404-00230034 you, God is coming for you, don't worry, go ahead, continue to work for the kingdom of the devil.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00312-00230034-00231090 Continue! You shall be there for eternity; it is who you live for on Earth, while in the body. It
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00313-00231090-00231767 is that same person you will spend eternity with, don't think you can go to covens, you can go to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00314-00231767-00232452 the water kingdoms, take powers and manipulate the children of God in the church and Destroy Society,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00315-00232650-00233244 and end up in the bosom of Abraham. God is not a foolish God.   
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00316-00233580-00234456 Let me come back to the message, I didn’t actually want to spend much time delivering this message.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00317-00234528-00234984 Those of you who want to repent in secret, you hide there, you don't want to come out,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00318-00234984-00235710 the Lord is coming for you. The Day of Judgment is coming. I remember a man, he was over 80 years,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00319-00235866-00236844 he was my godson. In the Anglican Church, if someone is getting baptized, they need godparents,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00320-00236844-00237636 people who will Mentor them. So they will fill the form and agree that, I am going to Mentor you.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00321-00237852-00238500 One of them was over 80 years, one day the Lord told me, ‘Go and warn this man, that I
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00322-00238500-00239238 don't know him’. So I went to him, we sat down, I said Papa, God said he does not know you, that he
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00323-00239238-00240096 wants you to repent genuinely. He looked at me and laughed! He said, which God are you talking about?
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00324-00240204-00240714 Look at this church, people know me that I'm a strong Christian, I come to church very early,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00325-00241092-00241698 people know me. Which God are you talking about? Is it not the same God, when things
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00326-00241698-00242202 are difficult for me and I kneel down and pray to him, if I cry to him he answers my prayers,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00327-00242202-00242742 if I don't have money and I say God, please I need money, God gives me money. Are you
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00328-00242742-00243246 telling me that, that God does not know me? I told him the importance of repentance,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00329-00243306-00244296 he refused. Few years later, I think about a year or two, He died! He died!
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00330-00244469-00244794 When you talk to people who say they are Christians about repentance,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00331-00244794-00245304 they will hate you with the whole of their heart, they will hurt you with a passion.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00332-00245712-00246564 “Those who must worship God, must worship Him in spirit and in truth.” (John 4:24).
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00333-00246564-00247050 If you are not worshiping God in spirit and in truth, that's not a true God.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00334-00247116-00247512 Let's go back to the message. Then he said to me, “Hosanna, this
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00335-00247512-00248382 is the message of the Kingdom: Let all those who want to come in be free from their cults because I
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00336-00248382-00249198 am the Lord, nothing unclean belongs to My Church. “Many say ‘Churches’ when they see buildings but
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00337-00249198-00250032 I see covens everywhere with just only few churches of Mine. The main platform where
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00338-00250032-00250721 souls are being bartered for power, fame and wealth is what many called churches.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00339-00250902-00251814 This is our true assessment: no true Church of mine exchanges a soul for anything, rather they
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00340-00251814-00252606 sacrifice almost anything to win a single soul. “Tell my people that this page called world
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00341-00252671-00253332 shall soon be closed. This shall be the end of all truth spoken of in My Word.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00342-00253332-00253914 When I heard these words “the end of all truth”, I was wondering in my heart as the Holy Spirit
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00343-00253914-00254598 was talking to me that, does the truth have an end? How can the truth, how can God says
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00344-00254598-00255150 this shall be the end of all truth spoken of in my word? And this is what he explained to me.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00345-00255294-00256188 “I called it the end of all truth because it is going to be the fulfillment,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00346-00256248-00258012 people shall live in the (reality of the) truth therefore there will be no need to teach it.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00347-00258084-00259067 The fate of the Saints and the wicked shall be fully known. Tell my people that all those
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00348-00259067-00259830 who go to Church and claimed to be My children yet are involved in witchcraft shall have their
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00349-00259830-00260730 separate and special cells prepared for them in Hell Fire if they fail to repent. Their torment
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00350-00260808-00261510 shall be different and more severe. This is because, despite their knowledge of the truth,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00351-00261564-00262194 they turn their back against Me. Some of them fought against Me. Their presence in the Church
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00352-00262194-00262908 is not for good but to carry out the will of their master. I hate darkness when it claims
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00353-00262908-00264006 to be light. I see it when they poison, bewitch and targets the children of My ministers. I see
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00354-00264006-00264888 it when they poison and initiate the children of my ministers so that they can use them against my
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00355-00264888-00265374 servants who work faithfully for Me.” Then He said with an angry voice,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00356-00265374-00266280 “Which of them (the witches) never betrayed me? Which of them never spied out my work of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00357-00266280-00267060 salvation and hindered the truth? They can never be guiltless. Tell this set of people
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00358-00267060-00267828 that my anger is burning awaiting them. The God of love that they know shall be missing
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00359-00267966-00268602 on the Judgment Day because the Judge of all mankind shall be fair enough to group the wicked
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00360-00268602-00269250 with the wicked and Saints with the Saints.” At this point, I was lifted up.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00361-00269364-00270012 In a vision, I saw that I was seeing a church from the top,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00362-00270222-00270912 like the roof, assuming the roof is removed and you could see everything very clearly. So
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00363-00270912-00271416 at this point I was seeing everything. The first place I saw was the altar,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00364-00271506-00272088 I was looking down from the sky and I noticed too main things
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00365-00272196-00273060 on the altar of this church. I saw a drum of fresh blood, there was a drum and there
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00366-00273060-00273696 was fresh blood inside the drum. Close to the drum there was fire set with firewood,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00367-00273780-00274482 close to the drum the fire was burning; it never looked like an altar, like a Church altar.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00368-00274632-00275490 Then I heard a voice that said, “Is this what you called a church? What is the blood of the innocent
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00369-00275490-00276276 doing here? This blood is served to everybody so that all can be guilty of the same sin.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00370-00276372-00277494 What is the blood of dogs doing in the altar you called by My Name? You know that I hate dogs yet
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00371-00277494-00278274 you poison the pIace you called by My Name with the blood of dogs just to provoke Me to anger.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00372-00278274-00279210 I will never forgive those who blaspheme and desecrate My holy Name, those who make mockery of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00373-00279210-00279834 the Blood of redemption. Never again will there be another Earth where wickedness shall be practiced
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00374-00279834-00280782 because the God who is the Age of all Ages to Come will soon put an end to evil once and for all.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00375-00280962-00281736 All those who blaspheme and make mockery of the Blood of Jesus Christ cannot obtain mercy on the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00376-00281736-00282594 Day of Judgment because they tread underfoot the Blood that supposed to appease the wrath of God.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00377-00282672-00283236 All those of you pastors and prophets who blasphemed the Blood and the Name by which
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00378-00283236-00284070 you were to be saved during oath taking, initiation and practices, you have shut
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00379-00284070-00284856 the door of mercy against yourselves. Tell them that those who do not value their souls
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00380-00284970-00285342 are not accounted worthy of life eternal.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00381-00285396-00285840 Let me explain a little bit. Many of these false pastors and Prophets,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00382-00285840-00286680 during the initiation they take oath and they blaspheme the name of God,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00383-00286818-00287430 and some of this witches and wizards too and some of those who belong to marine witchcraft,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00384-00287430-00287958 and different kinds of Kingdoms and different occult kingdoms.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00385-00287958-00288816 When they want to take oath or they want to be promoted and they need to reaffirm their faith,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00386-00288936-00289704 and their oath, renew their oath; they blaspheme God, they blaspheme the name of God.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00387-00289800-00290112 Sometimes they turn the cross of Jesus Christ upside down.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00388-00290382-00290964 God is saying, ‘that including those who in their practices,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00389-00291084-00291828 some they bring different kind of things from the covens, they put them in what they call anointing
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00390-00291828-00292638 oil, and their anointing water (holy water) and they sprinkle them. Some even what they call Holy
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00391-00292638-00293370 Communion, there is nothing holy about it, because sometimes, they bring blood from their covens
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00392-00293370-00294216 and put inside and serve it to the members. I believe that is what the Lord is describing here.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00393-00294336-00295116 They serve it to the members and hold everybody guilty of the blood,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00394-00295266-00295920 a lot of things are actually happening today. If you are a true child of God,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00395-00295920-00297036 value your soul very well before you take medication. You know how to read the composition,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00396-00297228-00297972 I'm forgetting what it is called, so I have not been so fine that's why my voice is not so clear,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00397-00298098-00299052 I just took some tablets; there is a paper that actually follows it. This paper, some of you,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00398-00299052-00299760 you don't take any medication until you have read this; you know how to read this very well
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00399-00299844-00300858 and know the effects. You look at the side effects or the warnings or the precautions or the adverse
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00400-00300858-00301536 reactions, everything written here. You are very, very careful about the medication you take,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00401-00301536-00302172 but when it comes to spiritual things, when it comes to taking medication for your soul and
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00402-00302172-00302904 your spirit, you don't care! You don't care! The Bible says, ‘try every spirit, test every spirit’,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00403-00302904-00303570 you don't test. Some of you don't even have the spirit of discernment, anybody you see that
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00404-00303570-00303864 Prophesies, you knee down before them and they lay hands on you,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00405-00303930-00304266 whether they womanize is none of your business.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00406-00304440-00305292 I was telling someone, is it a few days ago, that if you have the Holy Spirit
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00407-00305418-00306060 and the Holy Spirit In You, can enable you pray for somebody that has fever
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00408-00306060-00306690 and the fever will disappear, and I was very specific, I'm not saying pray for a cripple
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00409-00306690-00307320 to walk or pray for the dead to rise, that's too big; If you can pray in the name of Jesus,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00410-00307320-00307992 you have the Holy Spirit and the sick person, the fever will leave the person,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00411-00308124-00309192 that small quantity of anointing, if you have that anointing inside of you, sin will irritate you. If
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00412-00309192-00309960 you see people committing sin, it will irritate you. When you see young men drawing low waist,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00413-00309960-00310644 wearing rugged jeans, and drawing Tattoo all over their bodies, smoking and womanizing it
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00414-00310644-00311484 will irritate you. If you see a lady with all her sacred parts exposed, it will irritate you.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00415-00311568-00312300 Sin irritates the Holy Spirit, but when you see people who claim to have power, who could give
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00416-00312300-00312780 global prophecies, and many of those things actually come to pass. Some are actually fake
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00417-00312780-00313344 predictions, if you see people who say they race cripples, they can make cripple to work,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00418-00313344-00313938 they can pray and HIV will vanish, and they're still womanize; they sleep with people's wives,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00419-00313938-00314502 they steal church money, if you see these people, run away from them. But many of you,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00420-00314502-00315096 you don't care, you are after the miracle, it's none of your business. You say that the gifts of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00421-00315096-00315768 God are without repentance, who told you that God uses sinners? God answer the prayers of sinners,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00422-00315900-00316548 who told you? The Holy Spirit does not live in a body,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00423-00316548-00317262 in a vessel that lives in sin, there is no way that a child of God will get up from a room,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00424-00317262-00317928 a child of God that is invited to go and minister elsewhere, will lodge a room and bring in guests,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00425-00317928-00318504 and do all nonsense with them, and some of them even before taking their baths, they will go to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00426-00318504-00319164 the pulpit and the Holy Spirit will move; it's a lie, it's a familiar Spirit, it is a lie,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00427-00319164-00319980 pure lie, it doesn't happen like that. It doesn't happen like that, no way.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00428-00320118-00320718 When a child of God is falling, I know there is a time of Grace.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00429-00320796-00321636 God could still be using you, but when that time of Grace passes and you do not repent, the Holy
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00430-00321636-00322254 Spirit will leave you, the way the Holy Spirit left Saul; and an evil spirit came upon him,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00431-00322254-00323112 that is how it is. Our body is the temple of the Holy Spirit. When you abuse the body, which is
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00432-00323112-00323640 the temple of the Holy Spirit, a time will come that the Holy Spirit will not be able to stay.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00433-00323802-00324360 Let me tell you something that happened, I was the administrator of Saint Andrews Hospital
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00434-00324474-00325464 as my secondary assignment, and I was working in the cathedral as my primary assignment.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00435-00325524-00326340 I used to be very, very busy. A Day came, my plates were dirty, I was staying alone
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00436-00326340-00326994 and as amputee, God told me to stay alone; for 10 years I lived in the house alone.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00437-00327192-00327966 My plate were dirty, that day, I was sleeping and the Lord spoke to me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00438-00327966-00328536 and told me, look at your kitchen, look at how messy your kitchen is.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00439-00328602-00329334 The Holy Spirit does not live in a dirty environment. That was not my body, it was
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00440-00329334-00330054 my kitchen, my kitchen, my kitchen, because I was busy, I couldn't keep it clean enough, it wasn't
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00441-00330054-00330996 smelling to the palour, I'm talking about un kept dishes, unwashed dishes. The Lord spoke to me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00442-00331176-00332154 the place I live must be kept clean. And somebody will tell me that you can do all sort of things
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00443-00332154-00332694 and the Holy Spirit will still move. Some of you, you go and kneel down before this womanizers,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00444-00332694-00333312 they lay the same hands that is full of blood, they lay the hands upon you, and you don't care;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00445-00333312-00334062 because you fall, you think anybody that falls is under anointing. That slave girl
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00446-00334152-00334854 that was prophesying and telling people, that ‘oh! These are the true Servants of God,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00447-00334854-00335370 Paul and Silas, these are the true children of God’, was that girl having the Holy Spirit?
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00448-00335448-00335952 Was that not a familiar Spirit? There are so many witch doctors who have
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00449-00335952-00336438 opened churches, and they open Bible schools, before you come out of those Bible schools,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00450-00336438-00337584 they must initiate you. One evangelist came to tell me one day, before he was a
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00451-00337758-00338958 ordained, he told me the dream he had, how it was an initiation and he came to tell me, he said,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00452-00338958-00339948 I thought this thing is. I couldn't say much, because of the times, I couldn't tell him much.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00453-00340062-00340878 A lot of impartation services, a lot of times when people go for impartation,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00454-00340980-00341628 and they tell you they want to anoint you, people get initiated into different kingdoms. The spirit
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00455-00341628-00342216 of God leaves and another Spirit come inside; and when you raise your hands, people fall. I'm not
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00456-00342216-00342780 trying to deny the power of the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit is not even moving as the Holy Spirit
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00457-00342780-00343332 supposed to move. Jesus Christ said, ‘you will do greater things, greater work shall you do’.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00458-00343434-00343986 So we're supposed to even raise more dead people than Jesus Christ. I'm not trying to deny,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00459-00343986-00344766 but I'm telling you that a lot of things we see as a Holy Spirit moving, people flinging their coat,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00460-00344766-00345354 their suits and people will be falling, and people will be screaming, under ecstasy,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00461-00345354-00345828 people screaming and shouting. A lot of times, it is not the Holy Spirit.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00462-00345966-00346560 There are churches you enter; everywhere is wired spiritually, everywhere, there are spiritual
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00463-00346560-00347124 connections everywhere. Wherever you go, you could receive your miracle, but God is Not There.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00464-00347196-00347580 There Are Places, you don't need a man of God to lay hands upon you,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00465-00347580-00348240 but you will still have your prayers answered, but God is Not There.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00466-00348516-00349182 A lot of times when people say, pray in the name of the man of God, the God of the man of God.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00467-00349278-00349824 For instance: the God of Elijah, the God of Moses, I don't want to call any man of God's name.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00468-00349902-00350702 Majority of these things, the God you are praying to is not Jehovah, is not Jesus Christ,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00469-00350702-00351540 is not the Holy Spirit. So they know very well that the God, if you pray to Jesus Christ,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00470-00351540-00352350 if you pray to God through the name of Jesus, they know you are not addressing the prayers to the god
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00471-00352350-00352860 of their altar. Some will even Pray by the god of the altar, I'm not saying anybody that does this
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00472-00352860-00353736 is fake; that's not what I'm saying, but majority of them are fake. Have you not seen that sometimes
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00473-00353736-00354204 when they want to lay foundations, they put human beings in the foundation before they cover
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00474-00354204-00354666 it? Just go online and Google it, have you not seen? Is this the first time you are hearing it?
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00475-00354666-00355602 Some, they will kill a cow and bury it alive or bury animals there, in the altar. A lot of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00476-00355602-00356454 things are happening and when you see the miracles happening, you think that God is here, oh God is
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00477-00356454-00357234 here; it's not every time you get a miracle from a church that God does miracles for you. In fact
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00478-00357234-00357732 there are times, you're supposed to even, when you receive those demonic miracles, don't call the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00479-00357732-00358206 name of God. Some of you, you even know, you even know. How can a man of God take you to the river
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00480-00358206-00358968 bank, and make you offer sacrifices and when you receive your prayers answer, you go to the church,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00481-00358968-00359448 you're supposed to go to the river bank to do your thanksgiving; don't go to the church.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00482-00359688-00360282 Some of you, you know that the man of God will say, I will do work for you, I will
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00483-00360282-00361050 do work for you, I'm not trying to say that the Holy Spirit cannot say, that okay, you pray with
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00484-00361050-00361572 anointing oil, oh bless water and take your bath; I'm not saying the Holy Spirit does not say that.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00485-00361764-00362238 There are times, did Jesus not spit on the soil,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00486-00362238-00362694 make a mold of it and use it to clean a blind man's eyes? He did!
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00487-00362874-00363468 So you cannot restrict the Holy Spirit to a particular way of pattern of operation;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00488-00363468-00363876 that is not what I'm saying, because people tend to misunderstand things,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00489-00363876-00364926 that's not what I'm saying. But when you see real witchcraft, when you see a witch doctor performing
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00490-00364926-00365562 traditional things and you know that at the end you want to go to church to do thanksgiving,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00491-00365562-00366138 please don't go to church; go to the shrine to do your thanksgiving there. God was never involved,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00492-00366138-00366642 and if you don't change you will end up in the same place where that witch doctor is going to.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00493-00366734-00367518 Let’s come back to the message. A lot of times, let me just say this before I continue reading,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00494-00367518-00368082 a lot of times many of these churches where miracles happen, that are fake,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00495-00368286-00368976 people die, they still pick one or two people and sacrifice them, and you know the funny thing;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00496-00369282-00369900 if a fake man of God tells you kneel down, you kneel down, close your eyes, you close your eyes,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00497-00369900-00370542 raise your hand, you raise your hand, open your mouth, you open your mouth. You trust them,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00498-00370698-00371280 you so much trust them, sometimes because you can't pray, because you are living in sin,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00499-00371280-00371694 you have no relationship with God, you are afraid, so anything they tell you, you do.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00500-00371778-00372366 You just blindly do because you have no relationship with God. Some of you, you so
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00501-00372366-00372936 much trust some men of God to the point that they tell you, remove your under wears and you remove,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00502-00372936-00373536 and you still believe that it is the Holy Spirit. What only your husband supposed to do,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00503-00373686-00374256 so that you can become pregnant. A man of God is telling you that he is the one anointed to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00504-00374256-00374802 put the baby there and you agree, you do it, that's stupidity, that's not religion.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00505-00374934-00375726 How can you have this Bible that says, ‘don't commit adultery, don't commit fornication’,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00506-00375726-00376452 and somebody will tell you the Holy Spirit says, that you must impregnate this girl first,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00507-00376452-00377028 before you marry her, before you go to the altar; and you say the Lord has spoken, no!
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00508-00377154-00377454 “In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God”. The word
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00509-00377778-00378516 is God himself, So God does not contradict himself.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00510-00378948-00379494 Let nobody deceive you because many deceptive spirits have entered into the world,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00511-00379494-00379920 and they are leading many people into the way of deceivableness,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00512-00380040-00380562 love your soul and run away from evil. Back to the message.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00513-00380622-00381120 Then my attention was drawn to the congregation. There were people in the church
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00514-00381204-00382002 but they were all in different small groups. I saw that these people were sitting in the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00515-00382002-00382698 church, they were in small groups, circle, circle, circle and there was no church,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00516-00382698-00383226 no Pew in the church, they were all sitting on the floor. That's what I saw.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00517-00383388-00383880 Then the Holy Spirit said to me, “Is this what you call church? Look,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00518-00383988-00384864 these are people from different witchcraft covens and kingdoms. These small groups you see represent
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00519-00384924-00385620 people from different kingdoms of darkness.” Then I saw a big round bell on the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00520-00385620-00386226 altar. I was told by the Holy Spirit, “This is what unites them all.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00521-00386412-00387282 The people were in, the church was large, the people were sitting in circles,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00522-00387282-00388146 all over the church, the church was filled up and they were discussing, and by my understanding;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00523-00388224-00389250 they were not discussing the same topic. They were discussing, each group with their own discussion.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00524-00389568-00390288 Today, witches even operate in the church very freely, possibly because they have money
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00525-00390408-00391176 to throw around, they make donations, they are available to work. The man of God may know,and
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00526-00391278-00391806 may not know, and when some of them even know, they don't have anything to say;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00527-00391884-00392472 probably because they are guilty of the same thing and some because of fear, they don't care.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00528-00392646-00393348 A Shepherd who does not care about the Sheep can never receive a good reward from the master,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00529-00393348-00393720 from the one who enlisted him as a soldier of the Kingdom.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00530-00393792-00394506 Fear has destroyed a lot of ministries today; fear has destroyed a lot of Ministries,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00531-00394638-00395082 because of fear. You know this man is evil, you know this woman, this lady is evil.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00532-00395178-00395880 And she or he is in the children's department, recruiting people for the kingdom of darkness.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00533-00396036-00396444 And during harvest seasons, when they want to do birthday,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00534-00396444-00397116 some of the cakes the children eat are possessed. I'm not trying to drive fear into your heart,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00535-00397170-00397974 but in much knowledge is much sorrow; He who increases knowledge,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00536-00397974-00398958 increases sorrow. So I'm trying to increase your sorrow so that you can be wiser, let's be wise.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00537-00399186-00399846 In many of what we call churches today, people are being recruited into the kingdoms of darkness.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00538-00399972-00400668 I remember a vision I had some time ago, two visions. I actually forgot this vision,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00539-00400782-00401154 I didn't write it down and I totally forget it, let me share it first.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00540-00401328-00402078 What I saw was like a bridge, the Pedestrian Lane where people walk in a bridge.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00541-00402270-00403434 I saw that there were grasses on top of the pedestrian lane and the grasses were grasses that
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00542-00403434-00404274 were crawling like carpets, so they were pulling the grasses out. And the Lord spoke to me and told
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00543-00404274-00405096 me, this is how a lot of people are being pulled from the church, they have been, you know when
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00544-00405096-00405792 you roll grasses like carpets, he said this is how they are being pulled from the church into hell.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00545-00405984-00406938 There are congregations today, where nobody is saved. I remember another message I got some
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00546-00406938-00407862 time ago, I saw like, rice poured into pots, and the Holy Spirit told me, this is how people
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00547-00407862-00408522 are being poured into hell from the church. You know when you say these things in some of these
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00548-00408522-00409020 congregations, people will be angry, because they are telling you that the Lord is there.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00549-00409404-00409914 They want you to feel at home, so that the offering can keep coming,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00550-00409914-00410652 so that the tithe can keep coming, they fail to understand that the church is the body of Christ
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00551-00410652-00411318 and that Jesus Christ cares for his body, the church. And I asked myself every time,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00552-00411318-00411846 if Jesus cannot take care of his church, if Jesus cannot take care of his ministry,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00553-00411846-00412410 I’m I the one that will take care of it? Should I lie because I am in need of money? Should I lie
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00554-00412584-00413064 and tell people a lie because I want to drive big cars.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00555-00413364-00414378 If Jesus sees a need in his church, he will provide. Pastors stop compromising,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00556-00414378-00414876 church leaders stop compromising, God will always provide for his church.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00557-00414876-00415572 I have never in any day in my life asked anybody to sow seed into my life or into my ministry,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00558-00415572-00416406 I've always learned how to kneel done and talk to God, and God has always provided for me.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00559-00416592-00417743 I have never lacked, I don’t preach prosperity messages, I don't preach miracles, but God has
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00560-00417743-00418685 always provided. He will still provide for you. If you fail to feed the sheep and feed your stomach,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00561-00418847-00419538 or if you choose to feed the sheep with garbages and malnourish them,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00562-00419538-00420096 or even give them poisonous foods like the sugar-coated messages you
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00563-00420096-00420558 give to your congregation, your members; I tell you, you will be held accountable.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00564-00420654-00421776 It is time for us to change, it's time for us to repent, death is coming, let us
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00565-00421776-00422526 know that death is as close as life, the way we wake up every day and we see life, that is how
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00566-00422526-00423270 we will wake up one day and meet death. Death is as close, death does not announce itself.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00567-00423378-00423732 There is a part of me that is already in the grave, my left leg
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00568-00423804-00424422 is already in the grave waiting for me, it's not coming back to me, I am going to it.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00569-00424512-00425358 A part of me is already dead waiting for me. Someone told me, a neighbor told me when I
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00570-00425358-00425706 was still in the riverine area, we used to live together. He told me
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00571-00425874-00426593 that I was in the hospital bed 2010 when I had accidents and lost my left
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00572-00426593-00427014 Leg, he told me that when he got to the accident scene,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00573-00427097-00427800 where the accident took place, he saw my born on the road, on the tied road and he plucked a leaf,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00574-00427800-00428580 picked the bone and threw it into the bush. A part of me is already waiting for me,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00575-00428712-00429654 so I need to be careful, you too, you need to be careful. We are on the queue, death is close.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00576-00429972-00430638 And I thank God for my life that God after the Judgment, He allowed me to come back,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00577-00430847-00431346 He didn't allow me to just go like that, He gave me a second chance;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00578-00431346-00432024 and I don't want to take it for granted, I don't want to see the Judgment of God again
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00579-00432024-00432834 in my life and be miserable. I want to rejoice that day; it's worth sacrificing everything for.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00580-00433056-00433247 When I was told you are guilty,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00581-00433518-00434160 but I forgive you, they look for an ordain priest, ordain minister to say absolution for you.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00582-00434538-00434796 And I woke up, I gained consciousness.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00583-00435072-00435828 I don't want to see that terrible, I don't want to have that terrible experience in my life again,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00584-00435972-00436410 death is close, let humans be careful,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00585-00436530-00437334 pastors be careful. People are calling you MOG (man of God), you are a man before you became
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00586-00437334-00438180 of God, let it not enter your head, you are a man before you became of God; that ‘of God,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00587-00438293-00439146 of God of God’, let it not deceive you, you are a man and all men must die one day and give account.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00588-00439308-00439992 Soldiers are following you, mobile policemen are following you, people bow down to you, you have
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00589-00439992-00440604 private jets, you have cars, you have members, they see you as their savior, be careful you are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00590-00440604-00441378 a man, you will die one day. No pastor has ever lived for 300 years, you will not be the first
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00591-00441378-00441989 to live for 300 years, even if God wants you to live the years of Methuselah, you will still die.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00592-00442050-00442608 So be careful, all of us will face judgment. Today, many men of God don't think about judgment,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00593-00442608-00443172 they don't care about their personal salvation. In fact one of them was laughing at me 2007.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00594-00443268-00443634 When I told him I have no girlfriend, he was laughing at me;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00595-00443700-00444354 he was telling his wife that I'm not man- enough. A man of God, a general overseer,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00596-00444354-00444810 a reverend, was laughing at me for not having a girlfriend.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00597-00445218-00445452 They don't care about their personal salvation.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00598-00445758-00446226 Let me read as fast as I can and conclude this message, is becoming too long.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00599-00446718-00447389 In another vision I saw a place that looks like a desert.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00600-00447480-00447834 There were stones there, big smooth stones.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00601-00448170-00448889 The stones were on the ground. Then the Holy Spirit said to me, “These are the covenant stones
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00602-00448974-00449538 of the false pastors. On each of these stones are the names of their Churches.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00603-00449597-00450588 They agree with my enemy to keep the flock as dry as the stones in the desert.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00604-00450852-00451626 Again he said to me, “This is the mystery of sin in many churches. This is why sin continues to
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00605-00451626-00452502 increase, because sin has been ordained in many churches. The righteous suffer in such gatherings.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00606-00452682-00453264 I will pay the righteous with exceeding great rewards. I
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00607-00453264-00453966 will celebrate those who fear me greatly.” Then He said to me, “Encourage the righteous
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00608-00453966-00454572 to stand for My Name. I know their sufferings in the midst of the wolves in sheep clothing.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00609-00454656-00455735 This is why nothing else but Me shall be their reward. They shall partake in My very Life.”
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00610-00455838-00456660 This is the end of the message. Like I said before, it is not to mock anybody, it is not
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00611-00456660-00457392 to condemn anybody, but to call as many that are concerned to repentance. If you are a witch or you
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00612-00457392-00458202 are a wizard, either you fly to the covens or even if you are a blind witch or you are a black witch,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00613-00458202-00458706 I know witchcraft is witchcraft, there is nothing like black or white. Witchcraft is, if you don't
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00614-00458706-00459239 belong to the kingdom of Christ, if you are in the kingdom of darkness, you don't belong to Jesus
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00615-00459239-00459930 Christ. If you are not having the Holy Spirit in you, you don't belong to the Church of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00616-00459930-00460589 Christ. If you like be a man of God, be a woman of God, be a church member, be a communicant,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00617-00460643-00461352 if you like preach, so long as you refuse to come out of that Kingdom; you don't belong to Jesus
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00618-00461352-00462126 Christ. That is the truth! If you like be an ach. Bishop, be a bishop, be a pope, be a reverend,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00619-00462126-00462768 be a prophet, if you like pray and let God answer you; until you come out of those kingdoms,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00620-00462924-00463062 you don't belong to Christ.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00621-00463260-00463638 I've been in deliverance ministry, sometimes some people
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00622-00463758-00464370 may not even want to harm, but the spirit in them will move them to harm. A lady was telling me
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00623-00464484-00465252 that, at every point in time they used to put poison in our hands, that sometimes if she
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00624-00465252-00466008 makes eba, when she cooks some of the poisons, they fall into the food and she had no power
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00625-00466008-00466493 to remove them. So if she loves the person, she could tell the person, please don't eat this food,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00626-00466493-00467352 this food is not good for you again, it's not safe. She claims to be a Christian,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00627-00467610-00468396 please come out of these kingdoms, cry to the Lord and if you want to go for deliverance,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00628-00468474-00468816 don't go to the one who will push you inside the more,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00629-00469038-00469535 and don't be ashamed to come out, because a lot of people are ashamed,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00630-00469535-00469932 they will not want to come out; but in Hell there will be no shame there.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00631-00470039-00471054 Lastly, I know you may have made some Covenants, I know you may have agreed that the day you talk,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00632-00471054-00471593 you will die. They may have brought people before you in your covens, and in your kingdoms,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00633-00471593-00472110 in your marine world. People who break covenants, people who break rules
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00634-00472296-00472734 and they torment them before your very eyes and they tell you, ‘the day any
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00635-00472734-00473388 of you dare open your mouth to come out or to say anything or make up your mind to come out,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00636-00473388-00473820 this is what we will do to you; we will cage you, we will punish you,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00637-00473904-00474678 we will make you run mad’. Let me tell you, he who loves his life will lose it
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00638-00474906-00475680 and he who loses his life for the sake of the kingdom of God, will find it.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00639-00475788-00476435 If you love your life, if you love your life so much, that you shrink it
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00640-00476562-00477335 from God, you are going to lose it. Let me read something out for you.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00641-00477504-00478350 Revelation 12: 11, “And they overcame him by the blood of the lamb and by
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00642-00478350-00478992 the word of their testimony, and they loved not their lives until the death”.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00643-00479154-00479910 They did not love their life so much as to shrink it from death, some of you, you so much love your
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00644-00479910-00480984 physical life, that you sacrifice eternal life, you sacrifice the life of Eternity, trillions
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00645-00481404-00482616 of trillions of years. You sacrifice that life for 80 years, you sacrifice that life for 120 years,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00646-00482688-00483672 is stupidity to sell a whole car in order to buy tube or tire, is stupidity,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00647-00483785-00484608 because it won't serve the purpose. Some of you, you have sold your soul because you are afraid,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00648-00484608-00485250 you don't want to die, but you will still die. Then some of you too, you have been told in your
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00649-00485250-00486018 water kingdoms that the day you die, you are going to end up there, it's a lie! Satan is the father
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00650-00486018-00486930 of deception, I know what I'm saying, I know exactly what I'm saying. There are demons when
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00651-00486930-00487662 a member of a marine coven dies or some high level of occult, when they die physically on earth.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00652-00487782-00488706 Demons take their form and still attend the covens and still attend the meetings, they tell you
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00653-00488706-00489504 eternity is there, but it is a lie. Who has died has died! Those of you who are in marine kingdoms,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00654-00489504-00490116 you have been told, those of you who are in mermaid kingdoms, obanje kingdoms, you have
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00655-00490116-00490614 been told that when you die, you will go there to take care of the children you have given birth to.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00656-00490680-00491220 Your spirit spouse has told you that when you die physically, you will go there,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00657-00491220-00491838 and you are seeing some of your colleagues who are living life there. It is deception,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00658-00491897-00492630 those ones you see in those kingdoms, they are not the spirits of the human beings, they are demons
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00659-00492750-00493350 and that is the whole of the assignments, to claim to be souls from this planet.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00660-00493608-00494466 If you die without Christ, you that know the truth, if you die without Jesus in your life,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00661-00494466-00495347 you will regret for eternity. This message is going to ring in your head in hell, and the pain
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00662-00495347-00496128 will be too much for you to bear, because you know the truth but you trample upon the truth.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00663-00496230-00497028 It's time to change, it's time to repent! Heaven and Hell Is Real! Give your life to Jesus Christ
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00664-00497093-00497604 so that you can make it into the kingdom. God has prepared everything for us,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00665-00497604-00498312 He is only saying, now that you want to come into this Kingdom, remove those dirty clothes and put
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00666-00498312-00498972 on this white garment of salvation, I have paid the price for you, you don't need to work anymore,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00667-00498972-00499650 you don't need to pay. Come and drink living waters, come and eat bread, come and take wine,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00668-00499650-00500112 everything has been paid for, but you don't want to change. And those of you,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00669-00500112-00500760 some of you who have managed to come, you sneak in through the back door and you are not putting
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00670-00500760-00501438 on the garment of salvation. A day is coming when the one that is coming to harvest all the humans,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00671-00501438-00501846 the one that is coming to sieve everything that has been harvested;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00672-00501846-00502439 that one is going to gather you among the shaft and you shall be cast into the lake of fire.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00673-00502518-00503310 Those of you who are living in Holiness, I want to encourage you, don't give up.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00674-00503310-00503993 Some of you are suffering too much, even in your churches, some of you, you are suffering too much
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00675-00504060-00504402 and you don't know what to do. Let me tell you the truth
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00676-00504480-00505080 some of you are have been allowed to pass through these things so that you can be refined,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00677-00505314-00505902 don't give up. The God that knows your service, that God will fight for you.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00678-00505962-00506718 The God that knows the very person in your heart, that God will fight for you. Those of you who are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00679-00506718-00507408 not possessed, but they put garment of witchcraft, of hatred upon you, and you are still moving,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00680-00507408-00508128 you are still pressing on, keep pressing on. It is only in this life that we will suffer,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00681-00508224-00508902 after now it shall be glory and glory and glory! Don't miss, don't miss the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00682-00508902-00509484 New Jerusalem, don't miss eternal life. Those of you who are suffering oppression,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00683-00509616-00510354 it's just a matter of time, it will soon be over, we will cross over and the joy
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00684-00510443-00511002 of Heaven for just two seconds, will make us to forget all the troubles of this world.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00685-00511116-00511896 Thank you for watching, please share this video. You can share it, you can re-upload it, you can,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00686-00511997-00512585 so long as you are making good use of it, I hold no copyright of it. You can re-upload, you can,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00687-00512585-00513300 any of my video you see my face, any video you see my face, you can always upload, just share.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00688-00513300-00513924 You can transcribe it, translate it, any way you want to do,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00689-00513924-00514530 so long as it is for the advancement of God's kingdom, you are very much free. Let us pray.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00690-00514530-00515172 O Lord Our God we thank you, for everything you have done, receive the praise and glory
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00691-00515243-00515910 because you love us so much, that you speak your word to our hearts, you tell us the bitter truth,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00692-00515910-00516702 because you know repentance is only possible in this world. Lord as many that hear this
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00693-00516702-00517343 word, as many that have listened, Lord Touch their hearts, help them to come
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00694-00517343-00518022 to you. Those who will cry to you, that they need deliverance; Lord let power be available to them.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00695-00518142-00518772 Like what I saw in one of the revelations you gave to me, which I shared last week.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00696-00518939-00519678 I saw clouds, lowered clouds, very white; they were so close to the ground. And you said,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00697-00519678-00520439 your grace is available to us many that want to repent. Lord God Almighty, let that Grace
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00698-00520439-00521214 be available. Wherever they will call your name, to cast out devils, to cast out demons,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00699-00521214-00522138 to break covenants, may You be available, may your power be raw. Lord accept Your children in
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00700-00522138-00522852 the name of Jesus Christ. Touch the hearts of your children, break every stony heart and replace it
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00701-00522852-00523680 with the heart of flesh. And Lord God we also pray for the righteous, those pastors who are speaking
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00702-00523680-00524412 your truth. Most times, things are so difficult for them, and sometimes they tend to compromise;
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00703-00524412-00525132 Lord arise for their sake, Father arise for their sake and provide for them. Stand by them,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00704-00525132-00525750 send your angels to them, as many who are standing for the truth, as many who are striving, working
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00705-00525750-00526416 on their salvation with fear and trembling, even in the midst of lions, in the midst of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00706-00526416-00527124 wolves in sheep clothing; Lord Stand for them. Thank you Lord for hearing our prayer, we pray
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00707-00527124-00527694 for the body of Christ all over the world, we pray for the church, the church is one. Lord refine
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00708-00527694-00528342 your church, let your power be real, disgrace as many that are disgracing your name, if they fail
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00709-00528342-00529062 to change, Lord strip them naked. Lord strip them naked! Lord strip them naked! Because
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00710-00529062-00529662 they are bringing shame to your name, they are hardening the hearts of people. People who are
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00711-00529662-00530256 not Christians or lukewarm Christians or baby Christians, they see these things and they vow
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00712-00530256-00530982 never to go to church again, they vow never to accept Jesus Christ. Lord disgrace those who
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00713-00530982-00531498 are disgracing your name, disgrace those who are standing at the door, they don't want to go in and
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00714-00531498-00532182 they don't want any other person to go in. Lord push them away and let your salvation
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00715-00532248-00532860 be made available to your people. Those who have been, whose names have been written in the book of
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00716-00532860-00533532 life before the foundation of the world was laid, Lord Jesus Christ, draw them to Yourself. Let the
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00717-00533532-00534102 blood flow once again! Let the blood flow once again! Let the blood of Jesus flow once again!
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00718-00534102-00534690 So that your children can be saved, thank you Lord in Jesus Christ's name we pray, amen.
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00719-00534690-00535356 If you have not received Jesus Christ into your life and you happen to listen to this message,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00720-00535356-00535968 feel very free to contact me, in case there is nobody where you are who can lead you to Christ,
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00721-00535968-00536448 feel free to contact me. My details are on the screen, you can visit my website:
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00722-00536448-00537420 Hosannadavid.com or The Narrow Ways Christ for All Nations website and reach me. My details are on
_Ikzqm6q7CE-00723-00537420-00537774 the screen and in the description box. Thank you and God bless you!!!
_K-il0Qsn5E-00000-00000703-00001003 © Pixel Productions 2023
_LkoU66Miko-00000-00000000-00000264 Good morning, Hank! It's Tuesday!
_LkoU66Miko-00001-00000264-00000946 Hank, you've just been greeted by the Project for Awesome donors who joined me this weekend to watch AFC Wimbledon's 2-1 victory over
_LkoU66Miko-00002-00000946-00001306 Oxford United, a critical win because in order for
_LkoU66Miko-00003-00001306-00001976 everyone's favorite third-tier English soccer team not to become a fourth-tier English soccer team, they need to finish in
_LkoU66Miko-00004-00001976-00002510 20th or above. And that win took AFC Wimbledon up to the dizzying heights of 18th.
_LkoU66Miko-00005-00002510-00003102 But anyway my 27 hours in England reminded me of something weird about contemporary US life, which is that we're going through
_LkoU66Miko-00006-00003102-00003434 challenges that lots of Americans don't even know
_LkoU66Miko-00007-00003434-00004028 exist, right? Like people get their news from such wildly divergent sources that we don't even hear the same
_LkoU66Miko-00008-00004028-00004404 stories, let alone agree on what they mean. And so even if something
_LkoU66Miko-00009-00004404-00004844 terrible happened, say back in October, many people won't have heard about it,
_LkoU66Miko-00010-00004844-00005270 which means that some of you are about to learn for the very first time that the US
_LkoU66Miko-00011-00005270-00005760 men's national team did not qualify for the World Cup. I know right? How is this even possible?
_LkoU66Miko-00012-00005760-00006328 I mean the United States is the richest nation on earth and FIFA is famously bribable
_LkoU66Miko-00013-00006328-00006922 What went wrong? Basically we lost to Costa Rica twice and Mexico and Trinidad and Tobago.
_LkoU66Miko-00014-00006922-00007528 But you know the old saying, when God closes a door how do you lose to Trinidad and Tobago?
_LkoU66Miko-00015-00007588-00007718 I think that's the old saying.
_LkoU66Miko-00016-00007718-00008131 Okay, but look, the United States was not the only country to fail to qualify for the World Cup
_LkoU66Miko-00017-00008131-00008472 Italy won't be there nor will the Netherlands or Chile or
_LkoU66Miko-00018-00008472-00009218 Canada or China or New Zealand or lots of other countries and for all of us in those countries we have a problem, or
_LkoU66Miko-00019-00009220-00009418 possibly an opportunity
_LkoU66Miko-00020-00009418-00009566 Who do we root for?
_LkoU66Miko-00021-00009566-00010193 And also is there any way we can sell our support- for charity of course- or possibly for our own enrichment-- no for charity.
_LkoU66Miko-00022-00010193-00010368 That's better. People of the
_LkoU66Miko-00023-00010368-00010525 179 nations that did not
_LkoU66Miko-00024-00010525-00011288 qualify for the World Cup, we need to band together as one bad-at-football world and find one or possibly a
_LkoU66Miko-00025-00011288-00011666 few countries to root for. And I'm talking about going all-in.
_LkoU66Miko-00026-00011666-00012186 Jerseys, face paint, learning some chants, weeping for joy and then sorrow and then joy
_LkoU66Miko-00027-00012186-00012683 and then finally sorrow. The obvious strategy would just be to auction off our love --some nerdfighters
_LkoU66Miko-00028-00012684-00013088 And I did this back in 2014 and raised over $10,000 for sarcoma research--
_LkoU66Miko-00029-00013088-00013275 And that might still be the best way to go about it
_LkoU66Miko-00030-00013275-00013338 But the big down side
_LkoU66Miko-00031-00013338-00013826 was that of course the rich countries ended up donating the most which kind of took some of the fun out of it.
_LkoU66Miko-00032-00013826-00014197 So if you have any ideas on how to raise money while deciding who to root for please leave them in comments,
_LkoU66Miko-00033-00014197-00014622 and if you don't have any ideas, please read the comments and vote for your favorite ideas.
_LkoU66Miko-00034-00014622-00015172 You know who made it to the World Cup by the way? Iceland, which has a population smaller than that of Wichita,
_LkoU66Miko-00035-00015172-00015791 Kansas. Also Costa Rica, which just passed the US in life expectancy and also obviously in soccer ability.
_LkoU66Miko-00036-00015793-00016333 But I'm on a tangent. The important thing here is that those of us without a rooting interest in the World Cup need to find
_LkoU66Miko-00037-00016333-00016788 one because otherwise we will be forced to gaze into the yawning abyss of meaninglessness.
_LkoU66Miko-00038-00016789-00017280 I'm not totally kidding about that by the way. Like I know a lot of you will say that you don't care about soccer and
_LkoU66Miko-00039-00017281-00017673 that it's just people trying to get a spherical object into a net without using their hands
_LkoU66Miko-00040-00017673-00017979 which is like the stupidest human activity imaginable.
_LkoU66Miko-00041-00017980-00018507 And I get that, but the central mistake of your reasoning is that football is not actually about feet or balls.
_LkoU66Miko-00042-00018508-00019298 It's about community. Football matters because we share it and we need to find big endeavors to share across geographic and cultural
_LkoU66Miko-00043-00019298-00019742 divides because they remind us that we are truly all in this together.
_LkoU66Miko-00044-00019750-00020311 Of course sport isn't the only way to achieve that feeling but I think achieving it in sport does help us feel it elsewhere.
_LkoU66Miko-00045-00020311-00020635 So I'm not kidding. I want to find a team to root for in the World Cup.
_LkoU66Miko-00046-00020635-00021350 We need to care about stuff. Caring is so underrated! As Pope John Paul the second put it, "of all the unimportant things,
_LkoU66Miko-00047-00021352-00021730 football is the most important." Hank, I'll see you on Friday.
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00000-00001100-00001208 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00001-00001250-00001520 Come on clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00002-00001580-00001800 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00003-00001800-00002004 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00005-00002108-00002254 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00007-00002320-00002622 Come on clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00008-00002652-00002892 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00009-00002914-00003142 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00010-00003198-00003402 Pick up the toys
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00011-00003426-00003636 come on, pick up the toys
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00012-00003694-00003990 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00013-00004006-00004262 Oh what a joy
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00014-00004262-00004518 clean up some more
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00015-00004518-00004722 just clean up some more
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00016-00004770-00005014 pick up everything you see
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00017-00005028-00005284 so we can see the floor
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00018-00005340-00005476 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00019-00005520-00005750 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00020-00005890-00006074 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00021-00006092-00006298 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00022-00006380-00006540 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00023-00006588-00006808 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00024-00006909-00007142 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00025-00007150-00007331 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00026-00007444-00007656 Sing while you work
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00027-00007704-00007886 Yeah, sing while you work
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00028-00007981-00008226 Everything feels better when
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00029-00008226-00008484 you sing while you work
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00030-00008528-00008744 Dance while you sign
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00031-00008760-00008976 just dance while you sing
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00032-00009034-00009260 Everything feels better when
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00033-00009280-00009518 you dance while you sing
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00034-00009560-00009740 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00035-00009784-00010052 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00036-00010134-00010340 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00037-00010358-00010586 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00038-00010674-00010814 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00039-00010854-00011120 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00040-00011200-00011410 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00041-00011410-00011606 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00042-00011702-00011964 Picking up the toys
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00043-00012014-00012188 Cleaning up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00044-00012276-00012522 Cleaning up some more
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00045-00012522-00012722 Cleaning up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00046-00012800-00013038 Singing while you work
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00047-00013062-00013268 Cleaning up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00048-00013300-00013580 Dancing while you sing
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00049-00013616-00013790 Cleaning up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00050-00013860-00014008 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00051-00014047-00014302 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00052-00014402-00014604 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00053-00014604-00014804 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00054-00014928-00015113 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00055-00015119-00015391 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00056-00015452-00015708 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00057-00015722-00015852 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00058-00017584-00017742 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00059-00017788-00018088 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00060-00018136-00018348 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00061-00018348-00018564 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00062-00018664-00018836 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00063-00018854-00019140 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00064-00019182-00019420 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00065-00019422-00019708 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00066-00019742-00019918 Pick up the toys
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00067-00019934-00020170 Come on, pick up the toys
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00068-00020228-00020490 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00069-00020504-00020720 Oh what a joy
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00070-00020744-00020998 Clean up some more
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00071-00020998-00021254 Just clean up some more
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00072-00021302-00021562 Pick up everything you see
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00073-00021562-00021834 So we can see the floor
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00074-00021874-00022008 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00075-00022052-00022314 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00076-00022416-00022620 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00077-00022620-00022812 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00078-00022894-00023072 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00079-00023120-00023374 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00080-00023436-00023700 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00081-00023700-00023866 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00082-00023978-00024172 Sing while you work
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00083-00024206-00024422 Yeah, sing while you work
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00084-00024510-00025008 Everything feels better when you sing while you work
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00085-00025074-00025304 Dance while you sing
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00086-00025304-00025510 Just dance while you sing
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00087-00025566-00026032 Everything feels better when you dance while you sing
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00088-00026094-00026294 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00089-00026318-00026586 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00090-00026666-00027102 Everybody's helping now to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00091-00027194-00027348 Clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00092-00027388-00027608 Come on, clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00093-00027732-00027952 Everybody's helping now
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00094-00027952-00028139 to clean up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00095-00028258-00028516 Picking up the toys
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00096-00028516-00028730 Cleaning up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00097-00028802-00028974 Cleaning up some more
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00098-00029045-00029310 Cleaning up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00099-00029336-00029548 Singing while you work
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00100-00029600-00029794 Cleaning up the room
_LkJmGeZ4nA-00101-00029836-00030083 Dancing while you sing
_LV5RA3rYH0-00000-00001543-00002120 Hi, I'm erin silva. I'm an assistant professor in the uw Madison plant Pathology Department
_LV5RA3rYH0-00001-00002121-00002427 and the state's extension [specialists] in organic agriculture
_LV5RA3rYH0-00002-00002502-00003185 Behind me is a field of cow peas and copies are a legume that can be used as a cover crop
_LV5RA3rYH0-00003-00003234-00003605 That grow well in the heat of the summer and in drier conditions
_LV5RA3rYH0-00004-00003676-00004061 so we're interested in this cover crop as a
_LV5RA3rYH0-00005-00004123-00004716 Crop that could be grown after a spring vegetable crop so plant it around june july
_LV5RA3rYH0-00006-00004753-00005472 In that window after [the] harvest of a spring vegetable crop or a cover crop [that] could be planted after seal grain harvest?
_LV5RA3rYH0-00007-00005482-00006182 So after an oat harvest a winter wheat harvest a farmer could come in in the late part of july the early part of august
_LV5RA3rYH0-00008-00006259-00006695 plant this cover crop get good growth into nitrogen fixation
_LV5RA3rYH0-00009-00006695-00007472 And then either have [that] killed when the colder temperatures come in the fall or incorporate that before planting?
_LV5RA3rYH0-00010-00007534-00007767 another crop that might overwinter
_LV5RA3rYH0-00011-00007855-00008405 After the cover crop incorporation we've had good luck with this crop in Wisconsin
_LV5RA3rYH0-00012-00008406-00008679 It indeed does thrive in the heat of the summer
_LV5RA3rYH0-00013-00008725-00009447 We've planted it both in june as well as the end of july and had good growth good biomass production as well as good nodulation
_LV5RA3rYH0-00014-00009475-00009908 so I definitely see an opportunity to use this cover crop in the
_LV5RA3rYH0-00015-00009934-00010547 Wisconsin organic rotations and thanks [therefore] funding this study to allow us to evaluate these different cover crop
_LV5RA3rYH0-00016-00010576-00011001 Copy varieties for use in Wisconsin's organic agricultural systems
_ML74MSG2Gy-00000-00000300-00000487 Q. 불교적 관점에서 부모가 지은 업이
_ML74MSG2Gy-00001-00000490-00000772 자식에게도 전달이 될까요?
_ML74MSG2Gy-00002-00000775-00001007 부모가 지은 업이 자식한테 가죠.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00003-00001009-00001297 아니 부모가 어떻게 하느냐가 지금 자식한테
_ML74MSG2Gy-00004-00001299-00001455 직접적으로 영향을 주잖아요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00005-00001458-00001753 저거를 이렇게 가족들이 짓는 공업이죠,
_ML74MSG2Gy-00006-00001756-00001927 가족들 간의 공업.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00007-00001930-00002141 윗대에서 지은 업이 아래로 갑니다.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00008-00002143-00002446 그 가족에 속해 있다 보면 함께 받는 게 있어요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00009-00002449-00002736 근데 더 들어가면 본질은요,
_ML74MSG2Gy-00010-00002738-00002993 부모가 지어서 내가 받더라도요,
_ML74MSG2Gy-00011-00002995-00003259 그걸 받으려고 내가 자식으로 온 거거든요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00012-00003261-00003554 그러면 그걸 받을 업이 나한테 또 있어야 해요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00013-00003557-00003764 따라서 결국 안에 들어가면
_ML74MSG2Gy-00014-00003766-00003955 내가 짓고 내가 받는 겁니다.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00015-00003958-00004250 다만 내가 받을 게 있을 때, 그 사람들
_ML74MSG2Gy-00016-00004253-00004534 그 부모 밑으로 태어나서 받는 거죠.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00017-00004536-00004848 밖으로 보면, 부모가 지은 걸 내가 받고 있고
_ML74MSG2Gy-00018-00004851-00005021 들어가 보면 내가 받을 만하니까
_ML74MSG2Gy-00019-00005024-00005227 거기 태어난 거거든요, 그거 받으려고.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00020-00005229-00005483 또 한 결이 있죠.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00021-00005485-00005616 두 개의 결이 이렇게 만나고 있죠.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00022-00005618-00005903 그래서 만나서 업을 푸는 거죠.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00023-00005905-00006096 그러니까 부모가 지은 거 내가 받아도요,
_ML74MSG2Gy-00024-00006098-00006257 속으로 그렇게 생각하셔야 해요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00025-00006260-00006572 ‘결국은 내가 받을 만하니까 여기 태어난 거니까
_ML74MSG2Gy-00026-00006575-00006736 그거 풀라고 태어난 거니까
_ML74MSG2Gy-00027-00006738-00006981 내가 받은 거, 내가 지은 거 내가 받는다.’
_ML74MSG2Gy-00028-00006984-00007247 이렇게 생각하시는, 한 생각 더 있으셔야 해요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00029-00007249-00007386 Q. 전생에 내가 나쁜 짓 한 대로
_ML74MSG2Gy-00030-00007388-00007599 현생에 겪는다고 하는데, 어차피 죽고 나면
_ML74MSG2Gy-00031-00007602-00008002 기억 잃어버리는데 전생의 업으로 고통을 겪는 게
_ML74MSG2Gy-00032-00008005-00008292 영혼의 성장이 될 수 있나요?
_ML74MSG2Gy-00033-00008294-00008449 근데 본래 한 영혼이라
_ML74MSG2Gy-00034-00008451-00008631 여러분이 몰라서 그렇지, 의식이
_ML74MSG2Gy-00035-00008633-00008778 무의식에서는 알고 있어요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00036-00008781-00009011 무의식이 알고 있습니다.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00037-00009014-00009175 그니까 다른 사람은 아니에요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00038-00009177-00009388 하늘이 오히려 과거 기억을 잃고
_ML74MSG2Gy-00039-00009391-00009676 새로 잘해보라고 기회를 줬다고 생각하시고
_ML74MSG2Gy-00040-00009678-00009972 6바라밀 잘하시려고 노력하시면
_ML74MSG2Gy-00041-00009975-00010154 모든 게 맺힌 게 풀립니다.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00042-00010157-00010367 그니까 6바라밀을 잘할 생각만 하시면 돼요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00043-00010369-00010571 과거의 것이 진짜 풀릴까 고민하지 마시고
_ML74MSG2Gy-00044-00010573-00010707 6바라밀을 잘해보세요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00045-00010709-00011009 그러면 자꾸  6바라밀을 쌓으시면
_ML74MSG2Gy-00046-00011011-00011436 어떤 업이 다가와도 풀만 해지고, 그 이해가 되고
_ML74MSG2Gy-00047-00011439-00011640 '이걸 통해 나는 어떻게 성장하겠구나.'까지
_ML74MSG2Gy-00048-00011643-00011802 다 이해하실 거예요.
_ML74MSG2Gy-00049-00011804-00012018 그게 제일 쉬운 답입니다.
_PpbccuuBo0-00000-00000408-00000888 Hello, everyone. I'm Chinmay, and in this third video of the series, we'll be talking about
_PpbccuuBo0-00001-00000888-00001472 how to annotate and refine the CDS coordinates, but I kind of need to share my screen to do that,
_PpbccuuBo0-00002-00001472-00002072 so let's just do that real quick. In the previous video, we talked about the Project Details table,
_PpbccuuBo0-00003-00002144-00002616 how to fill out the Gene Report Form with a synteny table, as well as how to get these images.
_PpbccuuBo0-00004-00002720-00003328 Today we're going to be talking about how to fill out the CDS report form as well as the CDS
_PpbccuuBo0-00005-00003328-00003904 report form for each isoform. So let's just start off with the Coding Sequence Report Form.
_PpbccuuBo0-00006-00004032-00004592 And to do that, we need to go to the Gene Record Finder. So once we're here, we can just type in
_PpbccuuBo0-00007-00004592-00005056 the name of the gene. Remember that the name of the gene is always going to be case sensitive.
_PpbccuuBo0-00008-00005136-00005728 We also need to pull up the Genome Browser for our target species. So we can just go here, select
_PpbccuuBo0-00009-00005728-00006336 our species, and type in Cul1, and it should pop up in one of these options. There we go.
_PpbccuuBo0-00010-00006431-00006928 In the previous video, we talked about how to confirm that our gene is actually in this position,
_PpbccuuBo0-00011-00007031-00007592 but before we do that we just need to know how many isoforms are present in melanogaster first.
_PpbccuuBo0-00012-00007664-00008288 And what an isoform is is a different version of the mRNA sequence for the exact same gene.
_PpbccuuBo0-00013-00008416-00008984 And the number of isoforms in melanogaster are always going to be the number of models shown in
_PpbccuuBo0-00014-00008984-00009584 this table, or they can be the number of models shown in this table: they're both the same. So in
_PpbccuuBo0-00015-00009584-00010536 this case Cul1 has isoforms A, B, C and D, so we type in there 4 isoforms. The number of isoforms
_PpbccuuBo0-00016-00010536-00011416 in the target species should usually be similar to melanogaster, but sometimes they might not be.
_PpbccuuBo0-00017-00011416-00011992 In this case, since all of them have the same coding sequence and since there's no way to tell
_PpbccuuBo0-00018-00011992-00012576 in our target species the difference between isoforms in terms of the mRNA or UTRs, we would say
_PpbccuuBo0-00019-00012576-00013263 yes, all four isoforms do exist in our target species. And now we need to fill this table out. And what
_PpbccuuBo0-00020-00013263-00013888 this is: essentially, the isoforms, unique coding isoforms table from the Gene Record Finder. And what
_PpbccuuBo0-00021-00013888-00014447 this table is asking is to name the unique isoforms in melanogaster based on coding sequence.
_PpbccuuBo0-00022-00014552-00014944 There's two tabs in Gene Record Finder: the Transcript Details and the Polypeptides.
_PpbccuuBo0-00023-00015000-00015440 The polypeptides, or the proteins tab, tells us about the protein coding isoforms, which is what
_PpbccuuBo0-00024-00015440-00015888 we're looking for in this case, and the Transcript Details table tells us about the transcripts.
_PpbccuuBo0-00025-00015960-00016624 And the reason that there's no unique based on CDS or similar isoforms
_PpbccuuBo0-00026-00016624-00017200 in the Transcript Details table is because the way we define isoforms is by different exons.
_PpbccuuBo0-00027-00017312-00017720 And that's what these are - these are UTR exons, or untranslated regions,
_PpbccuuBo0-00028-00017776-00018408 and because they are different, therefore they are different isoforms. And because they all share the
_PpbccuuBo0-00029-00018408-00018912 same coding sequence, they all have the similar coding sequence or identical coding sequence.
_PpbccuuBo0-00030-00019000-00019456 So I'm going to copy this and paste it in here. As always, "Keep Text Only."
_PpbccuuBo0-00031-00019552-00020024 And then you can copy the similar isoforms, paste them in here, and keep text only.
_PpbccuuBo0-00032-00020080-00020464 If you have multiple isoforms that are all the same instead of Cul1
_PpbccuuBo0-00033-00020528-00021232 PB, PC, PA, whatever, you can just say PAPD and PC - it's okay, we understand what you're talking about.
_PpbccuuBo0-00034-00021352-00021864 And now to select if the coding isoform is present in the target species. If we look
_PpbccuuBo0-00035-00021864-00022672 back to erecta, we can see that there is decent RNA-seq data to support the presence of Cul1
_PpbccuuBo0-00036-00022672-00023488 in erecta. So we just say, yes - it's likely present in our target species. And we can just select it. If
_PpbccuuBo0-00037-00023488-00024072 you don't have any other unique coding isoforms, you can just leave this; don't worry about it. The
_PpbccuuBo0-00038-00024072-00024816 next thing asks us if there's strong evidence for additional protein coding isoforms. In this case,
_PpbccuuBo0-00039-00024816-00025464 what I do is I try to see if there seems to be a splice site or a potential new isoform. Since it
_PpbccuuBo0-00040-00025464-00026144 doesn't seem to be, I'm going to say No and leave the rest the way it is. The next section asks us
_PpbccuuBo0-00041-00026144-00026848 to find out if there's missing CDS isoforms that are present in melanogaster but not present here.
_PpbccuuBo0-00042-00026952-00027639 Since that's not the case, I'm just gonna select No. If you had more than one protein coding isoform,
_PpbccuuBo0-00043-00027639-00028327 what you would do is you'd copy this whole section all the way to the end of this
_PpbccuuBo0-00044-00028327-00028992 empty page and you would copy and paste it the number of times you have a unique coding isoform.
_PpbccuuBo0-00045-00029072-00029664 And I would suggest doing that at the start so that they're empty, and so you don't get confused
_PpbccuuBo0-00046-00029664-00030295 as to which coordinates belong to which isoform. Since Cul1 doesn't have that, I'm not copying it.
_PpbccuuBo0-00047-00030400-00030983 This first part asks us to type in the name of the isoform, which is going to be PC in this case.
_PpbccuuBo0-00048-00031104-00031744 Always use the thing that's on the left. Don't use A, B, or D because they're on the right; just use PC
_PpbccuuBo0-00049-00031744-00032360 because that's what we standardize it as. So you just need to type in PC. You can type in the whole name,
_PpbccuuBo0-00050-00032360-00032864 but since the whole document is going to be for Cullin-1, you don't need to mention Cullin-1.
_PpbccuuBo0-00051-00032864-00033472 You can just say PC. I'd also suggest keeping those brackets just so it's easy to visualize
_PpbccuuBo0-00052-00033472-00034064 what part of that title is the isoform name. We can't stop annotating right out of the box. We
_PpbccuuBo0-00053-00034064-00034752 first need to figure out approximately where the exons are. And to do that we need to head to BLAST.
_PpbccuuBo0-00054-00034848-00035368 And we just need to head to the normal, general BLAST, not a species or assembly-specific one
_PpbccuuBo0-00055-00035432-00036048 because we we're going to be providing our own database to BLAST against. And to do that, we
_PpbccuuBo0-00056-00036048-00036672 need to click on the "Align two or more sequences" checkbox. We already found out where our Scaffold
_PpbccuuBo0-00057-00036672-00037216 Accession number is in the first part of this document. So it's going to be the CH blah, blah,
_PpbccuuBo0-00058-00037216-00037880 blah. And we're going to take that CH accession number and paste it as our subject sequence.
_PpbccuuBo0-00059-00037976-00038616 Now we need to BLAST our exon sequence against the scaffold. There's two primary ways to do that.
_PpbccuuBo0-00060-00038696-00039488 The first way is to take your first exon, take the sequence, copy, and paste it in the Query
_PpbccuuBo0-00061-00039488-00040264 Sequence, BLAST it, and then you have to do that two more times because Cul1 has three exons. There's
_PpbccuuBo0-00062-00040264-00040920 a more expedient way to do it, and that is by clicking the "Export All CDS for Selected Isoform,"
_PpbccuuBo0-00063-00041056-00041824 copy the entire thing, and paste that as your query. And remember, do NOT delete the headers this time
_PpbccuuBo0-00064-00041824-00042488 because this time we require there to be three individual sequences. So if we click the Job
_PpbccuuBo0-00065-00042488-00043032 Title, it says three sequences and the name of the very first sequence that pops up. We also need to
_PpbccuuBo0-00066-00043032-00043728 change the Algorithm parameters slightly. So click on the plus button, go down to Compositional
_PpbccuuBo0-00067-00043728-00044280 adjustments, and click "No adjustment."  You also need to unfilter the Low complexity regions.
_PpbccuuBo0-00068-00044384-00045072 I'm going to select to view the results in new tab, and BLAST it, and wait. Oh great.
_PpbccuuBo0-00069-00045072-00045504 So now this is telling us that there is an issue. And what's the issue?
_PpbccuuBo0-00070-00045504-00046168 It says "Please reduce your query or subject to 10 million bases or less. We know for sure that
_PpbccuuBo0-00071-00046168-00046744 our gene is less than 10 million bases, right? Therefore, our issue should be in the scaffold.
_PpbccuuBo0-00072-00046832-00047480 And to fix it, we need to edit the subject subrange a little bit. To do that, we need to
_PpbccuuBo0-00073-00047480-00048072 go to the approximate region of our target species in our target assembly which is going to be erecta,
_PpbccuuBo0-00074-00048160-00048544 And I'm going to zoom out slightly just so we have a little more to work with.
_PpbccuuBo0-00075-00048544-00049104 And I'm going to take the coordinates up there and paste them in BLAST. So I'm going to take the
_PpbccuuBo0-00076-00049104-00049880 18 million, eight 15 000 something, paste it to "From," and the other coordinate I'm gonna paste into "To."
_PpbccuuBo0-00077-00050000-00050616 So whenever you put in numbers into BLAST, just make sure you exclude the commas because BLAST
_PpbccuuBo0-00078-00050616-00051096 doesn't like that. So after you remove the commas, we can just BLAST it and wait.
_PpbccuuBo0-00079-00051391-00052016 Great, that was quick. So now we have the match for the first exon, but we can easily switch to exon
_PpbccuuBo0-00080-00052016-00052944 two or three. But for the first exon, we have one BLAST hit. Now this BLAST hit is on the negative two
_PpbccuuBo0-00081-00053000-00053936 frame and goes from here to approximately here. So now I can take my start coord, copy it, go back to my
_PpbccuuBo0-00082-00053936-00054784 annotation report form, go to the section that reports the coordinates, and paste it in Start.
_PpbccuuBo0-00083-00054967-00055520 I'm also going to do the exact same thing for the Stop coordinates. So copy it and paste it in
_PpbccuuBo0-00084-00055520-00056200 there. And as always, Keep Text Only. So that's our first exon. And it's important to note
_PpbccuuBo0-00085-00056200-00056816 that all these coordinates are temporary and will be changed once we start our refinement process.
_PpbccuuBo0-00086-00056960-00057504 That being said, let's move the second exon. To do that, just click on this drop down and
_PpbccuuBo0-00087-00057504-00058184 select exon 2. And since there's only one match anyways, we can do the exact same thing. We can
_PpbccuuBo0-00088-00058184-00058816 go in here, copy the Start, paste it in here, and Keep Text Only. Copy the end, paste it on
_PpbccuuBo0-00089-00058816-00059384 the Annotation Report Form, Keep Text Only, and we do the exact same thing for the third exon.
_PpbccuuBo0-00090-00059504-00060032 Now despite us quote-unquote "finishing," there's much more work to be done because we can't be
_PpbccuuBo0-00091-00060032-00060624 sure that these are the correct coordinates for each of the three exons because what the tblastn is
_PpbccuuBo0-00092-00060624-00061320 doing is it's only matching a protein against the protein portion of a nucleotide sequence.
_PpbccuuBo0-00093-00061464-00061888 So what it's doing is it's losing some resolution. So if we go back to the
_PpbccuuBo0-00094-00061952-00062624 intron-exon boundary in our gene in our target species and zoom in, what it's doing is it's
_PpbccuuBo0-00095-00062624-00063455 blasting the V but not the P. So that's C and T base we're losing that amount of resolution
_PpbccuuBo0-00096-00063455-00064104 which we need. Therefore, we need to refine the coordinates, and this is how we do it.
_PpbccuuBo0-00097-00064255-00064816 Take the coordinates of your first exon, copy them, go back to your Genome Browser,
_PpbccuuBo0-00098-00064816-00065191 and along the scaffold name just paste your coordinates there and hit go.
_PpbccuuBo0-00099-00065336-00065880 So now this is the approximate region of your first exon, and because it's the first
_PpbccuuBo0-00100-00065880-00066376 exon on the negative strand, I would suggest clicking on the "reverse" button down here.
_PpbccuuBo0-00101-00066544-00066896 If, however, you're on the positive strand, you don't need to worry about the reverse button.
_PpbccuuBo0-00102-00066968-00067688 (It) flips the strand, and moves everything from left to right like you're used to. Our first exon should
_PpbccuuBo0-00103-00067688-00068424 always start with the methionine. It MUST start fromthe methionine. So we go to the left because
_PpbccuuBo0-00104-00068424-00069048 that's where it starts, and this is where the NCBI RefSeq prediction is, so we zoom into that region.
_PpbccuuBo0-00105-00069160-00069512 And there's the methionine. To find the start of the methionine, we
_PpbccuuBo0-00106-00069512-00070008 need to look at the coordinate of the A in the codon ATG codon, so let's zoom in.
_PpbccuuBo0-00107-00070152-00070808 And the coordinate is 18, 821, 828. So if we go back, we can see it's
_PpbccuuBo0-00108-00070808-00071264 the same. So in this case, it's good. And the reading frame is minus two.
_PpbccuuBo0-00109-00071456-00072000 Now we need to zoom back out and go to the other end of the exon, so three prime end of the exon,
_PpbccuuBo0-00110-00072072-00072800 to see how it ends, specifically what the phase donor is. And what a splice junction is
_PpbccuuBo0-00111-00072880-00073336 essentially removes the intron from the mRNA sequence, and it does that
_PpbccuuBo0-00112-00073336-00073912 using canonical sequence which are going to be GT as a donor and AC as an acceptor.
_PpbccuuBo0-00113-00074008-00074456 So in this case, we have that GT donor. And because we're in reading frame two,
_PpbccuuBo0-00114-00074512-00075192 we end at phase zero. And what a "phase" means is essentially the number of bases in an incomplete
_PpbccuuBo0-00115-00075192-00076144 codon before that codon splits into an intron. So in this case, it's zero. Therefore, that 
_PpbccuuBo0-00116-00076144-00076752 820, 953 is the last coordinate of the very first exon and the donor phrase is zero.
_PpbccuuBo0-00117-00076864-00077448 So in this case, it's 820, 953. In this case, it worked out. Usually, it does not
_PpbccuuBo0-00118-00077448-00078176 work out, and the donor phase is zero. The donor phase of one exon and the acceptor for the very
_PpbccuuBo0-00119-00078176-00078936 next axon are very much paired or linked. If you add them, they should either sum to zero or three.
_PpbccuuBo0-00120-00079080-00079424 So in this case, we're going to say zero because zero plus zero is zero.
_PpbccuuBo0-00121-00079600-00080112 So we need to still confirm that so we need to copy these coordinates of the second exon
_PpbccuuBo0-00122-00080112-00080808 and paste them into our browser. We do the same thing as before: just remove that, paste, and hit go.
_PpbccuuBo0-00123-00080904-00081536 And again we go to the start. And if we remember based on BLAST, it said our coding exon 2
_PpbccuuBo0-00124-00081536-00082152 should be in reading frame minus 3.  So we expect it to be minus 3 as well,
_PpbccuuBo0-00125-00082216-00082640 right? And that's what these reading frames are: it's minus 1, minus 2, minus 3 from top
_PpbccuuBo0-00126-00082640-00083240 to bottom because they're in a negative strand. If we were in the positive strand, it'd be plus one, two, and three.
_PpbccuuBo0-00127-00083376-00083952 So because we expect it to be in minus three, let's look at minus three. It says those are stop codons,
_PpbccuuBo0-00128-00083952-00084464 which gives us more confidence that that's the actual reading frame. So let's just go to the start
_PpbccuuBo0-00129-00084464-00085104 of the second exon. If we remember we're in reading frame minus three and we expect a phase of zero.
_PpbccuuBo0-00130-00085176-00085872 So the donor was GT and the acceptor should be AG, and our AG is right there. Perfect.
_PpbccuuBo0-00131-00086016-00086608 We also know we should be on phase zero because the donor of the previous exon was zero.
_PpbccuuBo0-00132-00086880-00087384 So if we look, we can see that the number of bases in the incomplete codon
_PpbccuuBo0-00133-00087456-00087760 for us to remain in reading frame minus three is zero.
_PpbccuuBo0-00134-00087888-00088624 So we expect it to end with 891. If we look here, it is 891. That's great. In this case, it
_PpbccuuBo0-00135-00088624-00089480 worked out. Usually it does not, but in this case I got a little lucky. So now we're gonna zoom out
_PpbccuuBo0-00136-00089480-00090136 and zoom back in at the end of the exon to look at the donor phase. Now this donor phase because
_PpbccuuBo0-00137-00090136-00090816 we're in reading frame plus three is also going to be zero because zero is the number of bases in an
_PpbccuuBo0-00138-00090816-00091536 incomplete codon between the exon and the intron. So we end in 845 with the donor as a GT.
_PpbccuuBo0-00139-00091632-00092320 And the reason that we end in this 845 is because the BLAT Alignments of RefSeq Gene ends here, the SP Align
_PpbccuuBo0-00140-00092320-00092952 ends here, which is essentially a BLAST of the D. mel proteins, as well as the RNA-Seq tracks
_PpbccuuBo0-00141-00092952-00093552 all end at this coordinate. So in this case because it's 845, we leave it like that and we
_PpbccuuBo0-00142-00093552-00094216 add phase donor zero and we expect the acceptor of the next exon to be zero. If for some reason
_PpbccuuBo0-00143-00094216-00094912 it wasn't a phase of zero, we change this to say 846, which would make it a phase two,
_PpbccuuBo0-00144-00094912-00095448 and then the subsequent acceptor phase would be a phase one. In this case, again I get lucky,
_PpbccuuBo0-00145-00095536-00096328 but usually you would not see something like this often. But in this case since I got a little lucky,
_PpbccuuBo0-00146-00096328-00097048 the phase donor is zero. And if the phase donor is zero, the acceptor of the next exon must also
_PpbccuuBo0-00147-00097048-00097576 be always zero. There's no other phase acceptor that's possible with a phase donor of zero.
_PpbccuuBo0-00148-00097672-00098208 So now we need to confirm or refine the CDS coordinates, so we just have to copy all of it,
_PpbccuuBo0-00149-00098272-00098984 go to our Genome Browser, paste, and hit go. There's two ways to find out what reading frame you're in:
_PpbccuuBo0-00150-00099048-00099648 either by looking for the absence of stop codons, so in this case it's going to be reading frame minus one, or
_PpbccuuBo0-00151-00099704-00100416 alternatively we can always go to BLAST, select the third exon, go to our alignment and then it says
_PpbccuuBo0-00152-00100416-00101704 right there we should be in reading frame minus one. So we expect to have a phase acceptor of zero  in reading frame minus one. So after zooming in, we can see our AG splice site, which is canonical,
_PpbccuuBo0-00153-00101824-00102552 and that puts us at a phase of zero for the start of the next codon and therefore the next exon
_PpbccuuBo0-00154-00102640-00103359 in reading frame minus one. So that's where it is, we zoom in to find the coordinate, it says 789
_PpbccuuBo0-00155-00103359-00103864 which is the same as what we had before. And now we've confirmed the five prime end of the exon, we need
_PpbccuuBo0-00156-00103864-00104520 to confirm the three prime end. So we zoom out and zoom back into the end and the last coordinate, or
_PpbccuuBo0-00157-00104520-00105216 last base, is going to be the base right before the stop codon. So if we zoom out slightly we
_PpbccuuBo0-00158-00105216-00105983 can see that the last codon is GCC; therefore, the last base before the stop codon has to be the C,
_PpbccuuBo0-00159-00105983-00106992 the last C, which is supposed to be 391 but in our annotation report it says 388, which is because
_PpbccuuBo0-00160-00106992-00107672 the BLAST alignment also includes a stop codon. But, the stop codon is not part of the coding sequence
_PpbccuuBo0-00161-00107672-00108383 because it technically doesn't code for anything. Right? So we have to change our 388 to a 391.
_PpbccuuBo0-00162-00108472-00108904 If anything else changes, make sure to change that as well, but in this case that's not the case.
_PpbccuuBo0-00163-00109024-00109704 Then the donor phase is not applicable because it has nothing to donate to. And now that we've
_PpbccuuBo0-00164-00109704-00110272 removed the stop codon, we have to add the stop codon back in, which we can do by just
_PpbccuuBo0-00165-00110272-00110848 looking at the Genome Browser. So our Genome Browser says it goes from 390
_PpbccuuBo0-00166-00110848-00111248 to 388 because, again, all the coordinates are inclusive
_PpbccuuBo0-00167-00111248-00111720 on both ends, so including the 390 and including the 388.
_PpbccuuBo0-00168-00111824-00112304 So now that we've refined the coordinates, we need to kind of verify that they are real.
_PpbccuuBo0-00169-00112359-00112896 And to do that we use the Gene Model Checker. So we just go to the Gene Model Checker whose link
_PpbccuuBo0-00170-00112896-00113383 is in the description, and then we have to add all the information on the left side of the page.
_PpbccuuBo0-00171-00113535-00114016 And now's a good time to purge all the tabs we don't need. So I'm just going to do that real quick.
_PpbccuuBo0-00172-00114168-00114511 The first thing it's asking is the Species Name which is going to be erecta.
_PpbccuuBo0-00173-00114656-00115176 The next thing is the Genome Assembly which is going to be the Agencourt assembly, which again
_PpbccuuBo0-00174-00115176-00115728 is at the top of the Annotation Report Form which you must have already filled out by now. You should
_PpbccuuBo0-00175-00115728-00116288 also grab the Scaffold Name from here which is going to be scaffold _4929 which we can put in
_PpbccuuBo0-00176-00116288-00117072 the Gene Model Checker. So scaffold_4929 and then the Ortholog name is going to be
_PpbccuuBo0-00177-00117072-00117592 Cul1-PC. I would suggest letting it auto complete and selecting one of the options below.
_PpbccuuBo0-00178-00117759-00118232 Then it asks if there's any errors. Usually there's not. In this case, there aren't. If there are,
_PpbccuuBo0-00179-00118232-00118759 please contact your TAs. And it also asks for the coordinates. So essentially we can just take
_PpbccuuBo0-00180-00118759-00119480 those coordinates, paste them in there, and format them properly. What it wants is a comma separated
_PpbccuuBo0-00181-00119480-00120128 list, so you just put commas in the middle and that's pretty much it. Then are we translating UTRs?
_PpbccuuBo0-00182-00120128-00120735 Say No. Orientation of Gene in our case on negative strands - minus, and Completeness of Gene Model is
_PpbccuuBo0-00183-00120735-00121296 going to be Complete because it's not incomplete in our case. And you don't need to type in the stop
_PpbccuuBo0-00184-00121296-00122008 codon coordinates because if you filled everything else out it automatically fills. So if you change
_PpbccuuBo0-00185-00122008-00122680 it to something else, like 90, and then you redo it, it changes, right? So it changes it goes
_PpbccuuBo0-00186-00122680-00123176 from 892, whatever else, but we're just going to revert it back because that one was wrong.
_PpbccuuBo0-00187-00123311-00123872 So we're going to revert it back because these are correct based on our model, based on this
_PpbccuuBo0-00188-00123872-00124448 document, based on the Annotation Report Form, which goes from 390 to 388. And after we have confirmed
_PpbccuuBo0-00189-00124448-00125064 that, we can just verify the model. So this is the verified gene model. So it says all pass.
_PpbccuuBo0-00190-00125128-00125783 If one of the coordinates entered was wrong, most everything is going to fail. And if that's the case,
_PpbccuuBo0-00191-00125848-00126304 I would suggest looking at the first exon, check if there's wrong coordinates,
_PpbccuuBo0-00192-00126304-00126880 verify again, look at the next exon and verify again, and go downwards from exon one because
_PpbccuuBo0-00193-00126983-00127583 upstream errors tend to propagate downstream as well. So after you verify the model and everything
_PpbccuuBo0-00194-00127583-00128200 passes, what the Annotation Report Form wants is a screenshot of the entire Gene Model Checker.
_PpbccuuBo0-00195-00128200-00128904 So we just go back there and grab the entire thing, including the coordinates, including the checklist,
_PpbccuuBo0-00196-00128904-00129480 so we just screenshot the whole thing, and we click on the image icon, and then we select the
_PpbccuuBo0-00197-00129480-00130135 image we want to import into Word. If it doesn't fill out the entire box, that's fine. Just leave
_PpbccuuBo0-00198-00130135-00130920 it the way it is. The next part asks for the gene model within the Genome Browser. Luckily, we don't
_PpbccuuBo0-00199-00130920-00131472 have to add a model within the Genome Browser. The Gene Model Checker does that for us directly.
_PpbccuuBo0-00200-00131472-00132016 So we just need to go there, and on the label in the checklist that says number of coding exons
_PpbccuuBo0-00201-00132016-00132768 just press the magnifying button and then that brings us to our gene within the Genome Browser.
_PpbccuuBo0-00202-00132768-00133432 We also need specific predictions which are dictated by the Annotation Report Form, so we can
_PpbccuuBo0-00203-00133432-00134176 just select those and hit refresh. So now we need to get this image, right. We never take screenshots.
_PpbccuuBo0-00204-00134176-00134760 We have to right click and View as Image, and then download this image and go back to the Annotation
_PpbccuuBo0-00205-00134760-00135248 Report Form and select the image from your Downloads folder after clicking the pictures icon.
_PpbccuuBo0-00206-00135328-00135864 The next thing it asks for is the protein alignment between the isoform and your target species
_PpbccuuBo0-00207-00135864-00136560 versus the same isoform in melanogaster. To get that, go back to Gene Model Checker, click on Dot Plot
_PpbccuuBo0-00208-00136560-00137040 (and we talk about this image specifically a little later). It wants a protein alignment so just click
_PpbccuuBo0-00209-00137040-00137584 "View protein alignment" and what the annotation form is asking for is this whole page that pops up.
_PpbccuuBo0-00210-00137656-00138104 So the only thing you need to do is just click on the "Download alignment image" and you're good
_PpbccuuBo0-00211-00138104-00138624 to go. And then in the Annotation Report Form,  click on the picture icon, and select the image
_PpbccuuBo0-00212-00138624-00139248 and - boom. The next thing it asks for is the Dot Plot. So we go back to the Gene Model Checker
_PpbccuuBo0-00213-00139312-00139968 and right click on the image, Save to Downloads, and insert it in the Annotation Report Form the way that we've
_PpbccuuBo0-00214-00139968-00140704 been doing it so far. And what the Dot Plot tells us is it compares the melanogaster sequence on the
_PpbccuuBo0-00215-00140704-00141552 x-axis versus the target sequence in the y-axis. And what it does is if at the particular location
_PpbccuuBo0-00216-00141552-00142232 of the x versus y, if the amino acid matches it puts a dot. And because they all match the same
_PpbccuuBo0-00217-00142288-00142784 it puts a dot for every point that forms a line: a y is equal to x line.
_PpbccuuBo0-00218-00142880-00143280 In this specific case, it's a small area; there's no dot even if we zoom in.
_PpbccuuBo0-00219-00143384-00144056 So this spot at about 200 base pairs doesn't have a dot. So what does that mean?Well, it means
_PpbccuuBo0-00220-00144056-00144528 that at about 200 base pairs there's a mutation somewhere that changes the protein sequence.
_PpbccuuBo0-00221-00144632-00145272 And if we go to the protein alignment again at about 200 in the erecta sequence, we can see that there
_PpbccuuBo0-00222-00145272-00146016 is a mutation that creates that gap or shows us that there is a lack of sequence similarity. But
_PpbccuuBo0-00223-00146016-00146672 in this case, that lack of sequence similarity is too small to change the function of the gene
_PpbccuuBo0-00224-00146672-00147192 in our target species. After adding the Dot Plot we also need to add a brief description
_PpbccuuBo0-00225-00147192-00147864 of any anomalies if they exist. So in our case, there aren't any major anomalies, so we can just
_PpbccuuBo0-00226-00147864-00148488 write as such, no major anomalies. And we can also write that a lack of sequence similarity
_PpbccuuBo0-00227-00148488-00149216 at about 200 amino acids is not enough to imply a change in function in our target species. If
_PpbccuuBo0-00228-00149216-00149752 you need more space to explain any of these anomalies, you do it on this page in free flow.
_PpbccuuBo0-00229-00149816-00150416 And that's pretty much it for CDS. Most of you will not be doing TSS in usual annotations.
_PpbccuuBo0-00230-00150416-00150968 So I'm going to skip those for this video. In the next video, we're going to show you how to
_PpbccuuBo0-00231-00150968-00151536 prepare the project for submission. And to do that, do not change anything in the Gene Model
_PpbccuuBo0-00232-00151536-00152080 Checker, and I would suggest prepare the project for submission right now so you have all those
_PpbccuuBo0-00233-00152080-00152944 tabs open. And I'll talk about how to do that in the next video, but until then stay safe.
_Rjr32tHfW0-00000-00001460-00001750 Congratulations you've made it to the module one lab
_Rjr32tHfW0-00001-00001750-00002070 in this lab I'm going to show you just one way
_Rjr32tHfW0-00002-00002070-00002536 that you can create the pocket block that will be your lab
_Rjr32tHfW0-00003-00002536-00003130 assignment and now there are several ways that you can create this pocket block
_Rjr32tHfW0-00004-00003130-00003358 so again. I'm just going to show you one way to do it
_Rjr32tHfW0-00005-00003358-00003814 and the first thing that you want to do is make sure that your part is set up for four inches
_Rjr32tHfW0-00006-00003814-00003968 by four inches, square
_Rjr32tHfW0-00007-00003968-00004339 that's key for this particular example
_Rjr32tHfW0-00008-00004339-00004803 and once you've done that, the next thing that you'll need to do
_Rjr32tHfW0-00009-00004803-00005127 is make sure that you have the drawing figure
_Rjr32tHfW0-00010-00005127-00005566 8 lab one pocket block geometry at the ready; either
_Rjr32tHfW0-00011-00005566-00005960 up on the screen, in the background, or printout a page
_Rjr32tHfW0-00012-00005960-00006398 if you like to have it more readily available to you. So, the first thing that
_Rjr32tHfW0-00013-00006398-00006720 you want to do is look at the part and look at some of the dimensions that are shown
_Rjr32tHfW0-00014-00006720-00007064 and you'll note that this particular part is
_Rjr32tHfW0-00015-00007064-00007392 it could be a pocket it could be a boss
_Rjr32tHfW0-00016-00007392-00007908 or you have two holes in the lower left, but you have a triangular pocket will
_Rjr32tHfW0-00017-00007908-00007953 call it
_Rjr32tHfW0-00018-00007953-00008372 in the middle of the part, and two small holes
_Rjr32tHfW0-00019-00008372-00008764 smaller holes, one in the lower left and one in the lower right corner
_Rjr32tHfW0-00020-00008764-00009296 of the part area.  So take just a couple of minutes and study the geometry
_Rjr32tHfW0-00021-00009296-00009665 or the geometric features and the dimensions
_Rjr32tHfW0-00022-00009665-00010054 and then come back and we'll continue on with
_Rjr32tHfW0-00023-00010054-00010493 this lab. Now that you've taken a moment to
_Rjr32tHfW0-00024-00010493-00010875 study the part, let's begin the layout. the first thing I'm going to do
_Rjr32tHfW0-00025-00010875-00011211 is select on create a point and
_Rjr32tHfW0-00026-00011211-00011609 I'm going to create points for the centers of all of my circles
_Rjr32tHfW0-00027-00011609-00012004 in all of my races now studying the drawing we start in the lower left hand
_Rjr32tHfW0-00028-00012004-00012103 corner part
_Rjr32tHfW0-00029-00012103-00012549 will know that the the circle that in the lower left hand had lower left hand
_Rjr32tHfW0-00030-00012549-00012614 corner
_Rjr32tHfW0-00031-00012614-00013011 is one-inch up from the horizontal line of course I'd
_Rjr32tHfW0-00032-00013011-00013390 the part and point 75 each's
_Rjr32tHfW0-00033-00013390-00013737 over from to to the right
_Rjr32tHfW0-00034-00013737-00014116 from the left hand side part so down in the
_Rjr32tHfW0-00035-00014116-00014562 lower left hand corner here you'll see three dialog boxes one is for the x-axis
_Rjr32tHfW0-00036-00014562-00014730 one is for the y-axis
_Rjr32tHfW0-00037-00014730-00015134 and the next one is for the c-axis the z-axis we won't worry about all of our
_Rjr32tHfW0-00038-00015134-00015316 lines are going to be in this 0 plane
_Rjr32tHfW0-00039-00015316-00015816 as far as the c axis is concerned so this first point we're going to go ahead
_Rjr32tHfW0-00040-00015816-00016083 and make sure we're going to manually load is dimensions in
_Rjr32tHfW0-00041-00016083-00016412 but looking at the drawing again in the x-axis
_Rjr32tHfW0-00042-00016412-00016755 we want to be .7 5 inches
_Rjr32tHfW0-00043-00016755-00017093 and in the y axis we want to be
_Rjr32tHfW0-00044-00017093-00017559 1h once we've done that we can help create and now you see your point
_Rjr32tHfW0-00045-00017559-00018042 now to create the point on the right hand side
_Rjr32tHfW0-00046-00018042-00018378 is a little bit trickier but its relatively simple looking at the drawing
_Rjr32tHfW0-00047-00018378-00018831 our part is four inches wide in your note that the dimensions for
_Rjr32tHfW0-00048-00018831-00019173 her hole on the right side are typical as far as a location is concerned
_Rjr32tHfW0-00049-00019173-00019530 to the hole that we just created on the left so
_Rjr32tHfW0-00050-00019530-00019831 again its three core 7inch from the
_Rjr32tHfW0-00051-00019831-00020153 edge the part this case here streak or seven inch in
_Rjr32tHfW0-00052-00020153-00020483 4.75 inches and from the right-hand
_Rjr32tHfW0-00053-00020483-00020911 for the right hand side part now we know our parts four inches wide
_Rjr32tHfW0-00054-00020911-00021289 if we take offer subtract three quarters of an inch we end up with
_Rjr32tHfW0-00055-00021289-00021597 3.25 so let's go in low that in
_Rjr32tHfW0-00056-00021597-00022001 to the x-axis dialog box three point 25
_Rjr32tHfW0-00057-00022001-00022348 an R Y axis will remain the same
_Rjr32tHfW0-00058-00022348-00022690 1h and once we've done that we can create that particular point
_Rjr32tHfW0-00059-00022690-00023051 so now we have a point for the whole on the left
_Rjr32tHfW0-00060-00023051-00023369 and a Centerpoint created for the whole
_Rjr32tHfW0-00061-00023369-00023986 on the right now the next thing I want to do is create a point for
_Rjr32tHfW0-00062-00023986-00024300 the lower portion already
_Rjr32tHfW0-00063-00024300-00024629 or radius above the triangular pocket
_Rjr32tHfW0-00064-00024629-00025028 you noted if you look at the the drawing its
_Rjr32tHfW0-00065-00025028-00025454 located in the middle the part 2 inches in the x-axis
_Rjr32tHfW0-00066-00025454-00025782 1.75 inches by: so
_Rjr32tHfW0-00067-00025782-00026182 when used the dialog box again in this case here in 20 use
_Rjr32tHfW0-00068-00026182-00026551 to free x-axis
_Rjr32tHfW0-00069-00026551-00026988 nominal 1.75 for the Y
_Rjr32tHfW0-00070-00026988-00027457 and you'll see that now I've successfully placed the point
_Rjr32tHfW0-00071-00027457-00027830 for the lower radius
_Rjr32tHfW0-00072-00027830-00028261 in the triangular pocket alright proceeding on
_Rjr32tHfW0-00073-00028261-00028627 now we we have two more center points to create
_Rjr32tHfW0-00074-00028627-00029039 and they will form the upper portions are triangular pocket
_Rjr32tHfW0-00075-00029039-00029413 so looking at the drawing you can see that the center point
_Rjr32tHfW0-00076-00029413-00029857 %uh the upper right radius or the upper right corner the pocket
_Rjr32tHfW0-00077-00029857-00030245 is going to be one inch from the top part
_Rjr32tHfW0-00078-00030245-00030566 down and one edge from the right hand side
_Rjr32tHfW0-00079-00030566-00031116 part so this pretty simple and no that those images are typical so
_Rjr32tHfW0-00080-00031116-00031516 that particular line you could lay out from the left hand side or the right
_Rjr32tHfW0-00081-00031516-00031587 hand side
_Rjr32tHfW0-00082-00031587-00031994 either-or so I'm gonna go ahead lay out the the upper right
_Rjr32tHfW0-00083-00031994-00032622 so in the x-axis I'm going to specify three inches because it's 1h
_Rjr32tHfW0-00084-00032622-00033002 from four inches which is that with the bar part
_Rjr32tHfW0-00085-00033002-00033322 and I'm going to go ahead and layout
_Rjr32tHfW0-00086-00033322-00033733 three-inches' as well for the y-axis
_Rjr32tHfW0-00087-00033733-00034082 because the
_Rjr32tHfW0-00088-00034082-00034500 the point is going to be three inches up from the bottom in the park and we know
_Rjr32tHfW0-00089-00034500-00034703 our part is four inches wide
_Rjr32tHfW0-00090-00034703-00035071 so we're going to enter three into the wide
_Rjr32tHfW0-00091-00035071-00035475 dialog box and we create and their is
_Rjr32tHfW0-00092-00035475-00035831 the point that's going to form the a paracord the upper right corner
_Rjr32tHfW0-00093-00035831-00036200 pocket now this is typical
_Rjr32tHfW0-00094-00036200-00036638 for for the final Centerpoint our pocket
_Rjr32tHfW0-00095-00036638-00037160 hand or pocket radius so we're gonna go ahead again in for the x-axis in this
_Rjr32tHfW0-00096-00037160-00037281 case here will gladly
_Rjr32tHfW0-00097-00037281-00037649 one-inch for the Y
_Rjr32tHfW0-00098-00037649-00038035 will enter three inches in create
_Rjr32tHfW0-00099-00038035-00038363 now that we've established all the points that will form the center's
_Rjr32tHfW0-00100-00038363-00038703 are circles and radii the next thing to do
_Rjr32tHfW0-00101-00038703-00039162 is to construct the two circles in the bottom
_Rjr32tHfW0-00102-00039162-00039603 portion of the park so we need to make sure that the snapped
_Rjr32tHfW0-00103-00039603-00039911 point snap mode is enabled
_Rjr32tHfW0-00104-00039911-00040263 and then we will select the geometry constructor
_Rjr32tHfW0-00105-00040263-00040628 Center radius in looking at the drawing
_Rjr32tHfW0-00106-00040628-00040953 the diameter over circles here's
_Rjr32tHfW0-00107-00040953-00041266 half an inch or .5 so the radius for
_Rjr32tHfW0-00108-00041266-00041665 8.5 diameter circle this point 25 in down here
_Rjr32tHfW0-00109-00041665-00042084 lower left hand corner its asking us to input the radius in its
_Rjr32tHfW0-00110-00042084-00042444 already said it point to five so so we're good there and we'll just go to
_Rjr32tHfW0-00111-00042444-00042502 the
_Rjr32tHfW0-00112-00042502-00042868 the the point or get the cursor close to the point that we created
_Rjr32tHfW0-00113-00042868-00043218 snaps automatically we click and that creates our circle
_Rjr32tHfW0-00114-00043218-00043549 and what do the same thing to the point
_Rjr32tHfW0-00115-00043549-00043865 in the lower right and now we've established
_Rjr32tHfW0-00116-00043865-00044197 the two circles in the bottom part
_Rjr32tHfW0-00117-00044197-00044518 so now we need establish the circles it will become the
_Rjr32tHfW0-00118-00044518-00044869 corner radius is our corner or fillets
_Rjr32tHfW0-00119-00044869-00045281 for our pocket and you'll note that if you look at the drawing those radius is
_Rjr32tHfW0-00120-00045281-00045536 already I R point five so it's quittin
_Rjr32tHfW0-00121-00045536-00045841 change the dialog box
_Rjr32tHfW0-00122-00045841-00046158 for radius to im no.5
_Rjr32tHfW0-00123-00046158-00046663 in our holes our circle is half an inch in diameter so
_Rjr32tHfW0-00124-00046663-00047006 again we're still using the snap two-point we keep that enable
_Rjr32tHfW0-00125-00047006-00047363 which is create all
_Rjr32tHfW0-00126-00047363-00047715 the circles that we need to be able to draw
_Rjr32tHfW0-00127-00047715-00048156 the the triangular pocket
_Rjr32tHfW0-00128-00048156-00048480 now hit the Escape key word about that now you know
_Rjr32tHfW0-00129-00048480-00048959 that part is starting to take form but we're missing some lines it will be the
_Rjr32tHfW0-00130-00048959-00049575 edges %uh are triangular pocket that's relatively simple
_Rjr32tHfW0-00131-00049575-00049991 to do if you recall your snapped a quadratic function
_Rjr32tHfW0-00132-00049991-00050356 this will be very useful for creating the line at the top so it's good
_Rjr32tHfW0-00133-00050356-00050668 do that going to create a two-point line
_Rjr32tHfW0-00134-00050668-00051202 with a snap squadron gonna snap from the quadrant at the top circle
_Rjr32tHfW0-00135-00051202-00051502 on the right to the a perk water
_Rjr32tHfW0-00136-00051502-00051975 the circle on the upper left and escape when we've completed
_Rjr32tHfW0-00137-00051975-00052362 now week unfortunately we can't do the same thing for
_Rjr32tHfW0-00138-00052362-00052675 the circle on the left
_Rjr32tHfW0-00139-00052675-00053092 to the circle on the bottom that's good for pocket because a squadron still
_Rjr32tHfW0-00140-00053092-00053320 quite lineup with where we need lines to me
_Rjr32tHfW0-00141-00053320-00053704 sobel can do is we can snap a line
_Rjr32tHfW0-00142-00053704-00054104 the is tangent to both up the circles
_Rjr32tHfW0-00143-00054104-00054576 so we're going to do now is we're going to deactivate the snap to quadrant
_Rjr32tHfW0-00144-00054576-00054980 snap mode and make sure that we have the snapped it engine
_Rjr32tHfW0-00145-00054980-00055295 stamp mode activated we're still going to create a line
_Rjr32tHfW0-00146-00055295-00055645 from two points and now we're just going to select
_Rjr32tHfW0-00147-00055645-00056075 anywhere on the line in the upper left and we're going to snap
_Rjr32tHfW0-00148-00056075-00056389 a line tangent to you the circle
_Rjr32tHfW0-00149-00056389-00056829 in the middle you know we have a nice line that runs tangent to
_Rjr32tHfW0-00150-00056829-00057391 these two circles produce same thing for the line
_Rjr32tHfW0-00151-00057391-00057833 they were going to snap to hear no that I made a mistake that doesn't quite look
_Rjr32tHfW0-00152-00057833-00058208 like the line that I need so I'm gonna go ahead
_Rjr32tHfW0-00153-00058208-00058695 hit the undo function and let's try that again this time I'm going to snap
_Rjr32tHfW0-00154-00058695-00058995 in this area
_Rjr32tHfW0-00155-00058995-00059348 the circle I'm going to snap a line tangent
_Rjr32tHfW0-00156-00059348-00059792 to the circle in the upper right now you can see our pocket block is nearly
_Rjr32tHfW0-00157-00059792-00059910 finished
_Rjr32tHfW0-00158-00059910-00060380 there's one thing left that we need to do and that is to click away
_Rjr32tHfW0-00159-00060380-00060912 the portions of the circle that we don't meets what's good work click menu
_Rjr32tHfW0-00160-00060912-00061223 and you'll see I'm going to just like clip
_Rjr32tHfW0-00161-00061223-00061551 and I want to select the circle you see that the the
_Rjr32tHfW0-00162-00061551-00061907 portion of the circle that will be quick to weigh will be highlighted in polls in
_Rjr32tHfW0-00163-00061907-00062094 this case bold green
_Rjr32tHfW0-00164-00062094-00062572 and I simply click and you'll see that that portion of the circle goes away and
_Rjr32tHfW0-00165-00062572-00062841 I have a nice corner so it now
_Rjr32tHfW0-00166-00062841-00063214 and I'm going ahead in the circle the upper left wall
_Rjr32tHfW0-00167-00063214-00063544 put that away and then walk with the way the portion at the circle on the
_Rjr32tHfW0-00168-00063544-00063898 bottom and we are completed
_Rjr32tHfW0-00169-00063898-00064261 with creating the geometry for our pocketbook
_TsKGiwVCSc-00000-00000000-00000897 ជួសជុលម៉ាស៊ីនព្រីនកូល័រព្រីនអត់ច្បាស់/This video show how to fixed printhead Epson M200 print quality will decline and notice faint areas or areas where dots are missing
_TsKGiwVCSc-00001-00001197-00003950 Compare sheet on right(bad) and left(good nozzles), they are missing dots because printhead become clogged, so need to fixed printhead 
_TsKGiwVCSc-00002-00004050-00004582 Ok, go to turn on printer
_TsKGiwVCSc-00004-00023513-00023713 Printer head cleaning about 3 minutes, this time do not turn off printer or power was cut off can damage printer
_TsKGiwVCSc-00007-00037070-00037174 Sorry error paper out press OK to resume print
_TsKGiwVCSc-00009-00043346-00043426 Compare with old nozzles check
_TsKGiwVCSc-00010-00050320-00050427 Showing you one more time because We show not clear enough 
_UX5UWu6X4y-00000-00000191-00000863 Left and right brain thinking modes. A theory of the structure and functions of the mind
_UX5UWu6X4y-00001-00000863-00001359 suggests that the two different sides of the brain control two different modes of thinking.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00002-00001359-00001998 It also suggests that each of us prefers one mode over the other. Experimentation has shown that the
_UX5UWu6X4y-00003-00001998-00002599 two different sides, or hemispheres of the brain, are responsible for different manners of thinking.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00004-00002599-00003415 Such as logical, random, sequential, intuitive, rational, holistic, analytical, synthesizing,
_UX5UWu6X4y-00005-00003415-00004255 objective, subjective, looks at parts, or looks at holes. Let's try an experiment. Look at the
_UX5UWu6X4y-00006-00004255-00004879 following words and say the color of the word out loud. Do not say the word shown just the color.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00007-00004967-00006167 Ready?
_UX5UWu6X4y-00008-00006463-00007095 This is an example of left right conflict. Your right brain tries to say the color shown but
_UX5UWu6X4y-00009-00007095-00007727 your left brain insists on reading the word. Most individuals have a distinct preference for one of
_UX5UWu6X4y-00010-00007727-00008495 these styles of thinking. Some however are more whole brained and equally adept at both modes.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00011-00008583-00008935 In general, schools tend to favor left brain modes of thinking
_UX5UWu6X4y-00012-00008935-00009615 while downplaying the right brain ones. Left brain scholastic subjects focus on logical thinking,
_UX5UWu6X4y-00013-00009615-00010319 analysis and accuracy. Right brain subjects on the other hand focus on aesthetics, feeling,
_UX5UWu6X4y-00014-00010319-00011055 and creativity. When people develop a dominance towards the left or right side of the brain they
_UX5UWu6X4y-00015-00011055-00011655 tend to have certain characteristics and areas of interest. Let's look at these characteristics
_UX5UWu6X4y-00016-00011655-00011927 and see if they belong on the left or right side of the brain.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00017-00012175-00012799 If you enjoy clowning around that's a right brain characteristic. If you prefer being
_UX5UWu6X4y-00018-00012799-00013431 serious that's a left brain characteristic. If you prefer cats it's a right brain characteristic
_UX5UWu6X4y-00019-00013431-00013991 while if you prefer dogs that's left brain characteristic. If you prefer rock music
_UX5UWu6X4y-00020-00013991-00014959 it's right brain. Classical music is left brain. If you prefer visual instructions that's a right
_UX5UWu6X4y-00021-00014959-00015519 brain characteristic, and if you prefer verbal instructions that's a left brain characteristic.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00022-00015783-00016366 What occupations do left and right brain dominant people often gravitate toward? Let's look at some
_UX5UWu6X4y-00023-00016366-00017071 occupations and decide if these are left or right brain dominant people. An artist is usually right
_UX5UWu6X4y-00024-00017071-00017823 brain dominant whereas the scientist is left brain dominant. A judge is probably left brain dominant
_UX5UWu6X4y-00025-00017903-00018447 and a politician right brain dominant. A craftsman could be right brain dominant
_UX5UWu6X4y-00026-00018503-00019095 while a teacher may be left brain dominant. A stylist is probably right brain dominant.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00027-00019311-00019831 Left and right brain dominant people all learn differently. Let's listen to an instructor who
_UX5UWu6X4y-00028-00019831-00020423 has a problem with some students: "Wallace scored strong right on a brain preference test I gave to
_UX5UWu6X4y-00029-00020423-00020927 my students at the beginning of the school year. His left hemisphere, though healthy,
_UX5UWu6X4y-00030-00020927-00021431 is significantly weaker than his right. Though Wallace does not have a learning disability
_UX5UWu6X4y-00031-00021431-00021951 he has difficulty processing information that is presented verbally. When I lecture
_UX5UWu6X4y-00032-00021951-00022543 or talk in compound complex sentences, Wallace gets anxious and overwhelmed and shuts down.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00033-00022631-00023183 We are doing a unit on the solar system next month. What can I do to help him be successful?"
_UX5UWu6X4y-00034-00023351-00023815 Some ideas might be: during the lecture either write the main points on the board
_UX5UWu6X4y-00035-00023815-00024287 or pass out a study guide outline that students can fill in. As you present orally
_UX5UWu6X4y-00036-00024343-00024951 these visual clues will help students focus. Even though you are lecturing, use the overhead,
_UX5UWu6X4y-00037-00024951-00025479 the whiteboard, or the chalkboard frequently. Since the students are apt to miss the points
_UX5UWu6X4y-00038-00025479-00026007 discussed orally, the visual pointers will help the students see and comprehend the points.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00039-00026135-00026623 Have some time for group activities during the week of the solar system study. Right
_UX5UWu6X4y-00040-00026623-00027183 brain students enjoy the company of others. Let the students create a project such as a poster,
_UX5UWu6X4y-00041-00027183-00027775 a mobile, a diorama, or paper mache planets of the solar system. In lieu of writing a paper,
_UX5UWu6X4y-00042-00027863-00028502 students like Wallace often have excellent eye hand coordination. Play music such as the theme
_UX5UWu6X4y-00043-00028502-00029239 from 2001 a space odyssey. Discuss how space might feel to an astronaut . Students with right
_UX5UWu6X4y-00044-00029239-00029679 brain strengths are intuitive and like to get in touch with their feelings. During the day,
_UX5UWu6X4y-00045-00029758-00030183 bring in charts and maps of the universe and let the students find the milky way.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00046-00030239-00030727 Maps and graphs make use of the students strong right brain visual spatial skills.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00047-00030855-00031470 Let's listen to the instructor one more time: "Another student of mine, Kathy, scored strong
_UX5UWu6X4y-00048-00031470-00032079 left on the same test. Kathy's right hemisphere is significantly weaker than her left. She has
_UX5UWu6X4y-00049-00032079-00032647 great difficulty understanding lessons with a visual spatial orientation. Kathy is also
_UX5UWu6X4y-00050-00032647-00033143 a perfectionist. When the fourth grade teacher initiates an art project, Kathy believes she
_UX5UWu6X4y-00051-00033143-00033799 cannot do the work successfully. She is afraid to fail and consequently becomes nauseous. Seeing the
_UX5UWu6X4y-00052-00033799-00034351 nurse accomplishes two things. It gets her away from an unpleasant situation and gives her time to
_UX5UWu6X4y-00053-00034351-00034967 regroup herself prior to reading time. So what can I do to reach Kathy and other students like her?"
_UX5UWu6X4y-00054-00035111-00035463 Some ideas might be: write an outline of the lesson on the board.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00055-00035535-00035847 Students with left brain strengths appreciate sequence.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00056-00036031-00036479 Go ahead and lecture. These students love to listen to an expert and take notes,
_UX5UWu6X4y-00057-00036575-00037119 discuss vocabulary words. Students like Kathy have a large vocabulary and are interested in
_UX5UWu6X4y-00058-00037119-00037735 words. Make a crossword puzzle on the solar system, discuss the big concepts involved in
_UX5UWu6X4y-00059-00037735-00038367 the creation of the universe. Left brain students love to think about and discuss abstract concepts.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00060-00038487-00038975 Assign individual projects so students may work alone. Ask the students to
_UX5UWu6X4y-00061-00038975-00039527 write a research paper on the solar system that includes both detail and conceptual analysis.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00062-00039679-00040231 Keep the room relatively quiet and orderly. Many students with left brain strengths
_UX5UWu6X4y-00063-00040231-00040655 prefer not to hear other conversations when working on a stimulating project.
_UX5UWu6X4y-00064-00040847-00041743 Congratulations! You have completed this activity: Right and left brain thinking modes.
_WTdaHnNbm0-00000-00000000-00000160 Hello, this is Kyle
_WTdaHnNbm0-00001-00000160-00000470 Right now we have a customer here
_WTdaHnNbm0-00002-00000470-00000994 His front bangs don’t have much control and they’re converging to the middle
_WTdaHnNbm0-00003-00000994-00001301 As you can see, he has very thin hair strands
_WTdaHnNbm0-00004-00001301-00001644 His hair seems to be getting softer and it looks like it will continue that way
_WTdaHnNbm0-00005-00001644-00002128 Because of that, his curls are getting worse and the customer is getting stressed by it
_WTdaHnNbm0-00006-00002128-00002552 The crown is supposed to be here but it’s located at the lower right side
_WTdaHnNbm0-00007-00002552-00003049 This is why the hair at the back right side sticks out
_WTdaHnNbm0-00008-00003049-00003329 Conversely, the left side is flat
_WTdaHnNbm0-00009-00003329-00003977 So you can see the sides are unbalanced so his head looks flat from the side
_WTdaHnNbm0-00010-00004014-00004327 He also doesn’t have much hair on the side
_WTdaHnNbm0-00011-00004327-00004674 From an imaginary line here, his hair quantity suddenly increases at the top
_WTdaHnNbm0-00012-00004674-00005178 It’s as if there’s some divisional line here so we need to control this contrast
_WTdaHnNbm0-00013-00005178-00005825 We’ll correct his front bangs so that it’s not straight but in a see-through format facing outwards
_WTdaHnNbm0-00014-00005825-00006206 As for the middle, he prefers to have it converged to the middle
_WTdaHnNbm0-00015-00006206-00006539 And I won’t be touching this part so that it doesn’t get damaged
_WTdaHnNbm0-00016-00006720-00007250 Since his side hair sticks out a lot, I’ll add some product on the roots 
_WTdaHnNbm0-00017-00007250-00007607 I will not apply the product below his sideburns
_WTdaHnNbm0-00018-00007620-00008288 This is because the bone under his sideburns go inwards so it would enhance that if I flattened it
_WTdaHnNbm0-00019-00008318-00008695 For this part here, just touch it lightly to provide some cushion
_WTdaHnNbm0-00020-00008808-00009339 We’ll be creating an artificial crown and we’ve applied down perm product all over his hair
_WTdaHnNbm0-00021-00009379-00009826 With a thin straightener, we’ll erase this part and create an artificial crown here
_WTdaHnNbm0-00022-00009859-00010373 As for the side of his hair, we directed his hair towards the back
_WTdaHnNbm0-00023-00010387-00010707 We’ll be applying product on his bangs as well and this is the crucial part
_WTdaHnNbm0-00024-00010707-00011084 Many designers struggle with this part 
_WTdaHnNbm0-00025-00011097-00011401 Since his hair is very thin and weak
_WTdaHnNbm0-00026-00011448-00012242 By applying a lot of product on his roots, use a sprayer to add moisture
_WTdaHnNbm0-00027-00012242-00012625 This way, it prevents damage and comes out nicely
_WTdaHnNbm0-00028-00012669-00013203 When you apply product, it’s empty where there’s no product from a molecular level
_WTdaHnNbm0-00029-00013203-00013777 But once you add some moisture in between, it helps to make it less damaged and shinier
_WTdaHnNbm0-00030-00013777-00014137 After rinsing this, I’ll show you once more when we correct it
_WTdaHnNbm0-00031-00014457-00014938 We’ve rinsed his hair and there are some things you should know after a rinse
_WTdaHnNbm0-00032-00014938-00015068 Let me show it to you
_WTdaHnNbm0-00033-00015125-00015375 His crown used to be here but it’s been moved to this spot
_WTdaHnNbm0-00034-00015715-00016306 But since we applied down perm product, it looks flat and it needs more volume
_WTdaHnNbm0-00035-00016306-00016506 We’ll be using an iron perm to correct the roots later
_WTdaHnNbm0-00036-00016579-00017173 As for the side hair, it used to be facing the front but now it’s naturally facing down
_WTdaHnNbm0-00037-00017210-00017684 But once we dry his hair, it can come back
_WTdaHnNbm0-00038-00017684-00018078 His front bangs are slightly different than before
_WTdaHnNbm0-00039-00018078-00018511 But once we dry it out, it can return back to its original state
_WTdaHnNbm0-00040-00018541-00019332 We’ve dried his hair and with this thin straightener, we’ll be correcting his hair
_WTdaHnNbm0-00041-00019369-00020096 Curl his hair slightly so that it doesn’t merge together
_WTdaHnNbm0-00042-00020123-00020934 If they merge together, it’ll make the face look longer so you need to add a bit of volume
_WTdaHnNbm0-00043-00020974-00021755 And this part should not have intense curls since it covers the M-shape
_WTdaHnNbm0-00044-00021855-00022288 Since we’re giving off a see-through vibe, the curls should be a c-curl
_WTdaHnNbm0-00045-00022325-00022675 Do you see how they converge to the middle? How will it look once it’s corrected?
_WTdaHnNbm0-00046-00022709-00023336 (Correcting the roots)
_WTdaHnNbm0-00047-00023383-00023700 We made the hair fall as straight as possible
_WTdaHnNbm0-00048-00023700-00024104 We’ve also merged the roots so that they can part together
_WTdaHnNbm0-00049-00024150-00024724 We’ll correct the roots and the design just up to the middle 
_WTdaHnNbm0-00050-00024724-00025331 (Designing the opposite side)
_WTdaHnNbm0-00051-00025372-00025852 When you press and let go is very important
_WTdaHnNbm0-00052-00025852-00026082 Each designer has their own way of doing things
_WTdaHnNbm0-00053-00026459-00026780 Like this, we’ve directed the hair to fall back
_WTdaHnNbm0-00054-00026780-00027367 From now on, we’ll be straightening the overall curls and ends 
_WTdaHnNbm0-00055-00028174-00028678 Especially for hair loss, we do this once more with the hair bunch after having parted them
_WTdaHnNbm0-00056-00028902-00029352 By doing this once more with the hair combined, it can help stabilize it
_WTdaHnNbm0-00057-00029749-00029963 They will for sure face back now
_WTdaHnNbm0-00058-00030143-00030650 The middle part is converged at the center whereas the sides move back
_WTdaHnNbm0-00059-00030917-00031051 We finished neutralizing
_WTdaHnNbm0-00060-00031051-00031351 We’ll wait for 7 minutes, rinse and come back
_WTdaHnNbm0-00061-00031351-00031564 The cut process is important
_WTdaHnNbm0-00062-00031564-00032068 But since I’ve always showed you a lot of hair loss content, I’ll skip this part
_WTdaHnNbm0-00063-00032068-00032348 We’ll show you the final design right away
_WTdaHnNbm0-00064-00032348-00033159 The crucial point for today was correcting the crown, bangs, roots and sides
_WTdaHnNbm0-00065-00033159-00033453 It may seem like we had a lot to do
_WTdaHnNbm0-00066-00033453-00033653 I hope they come out well
_WTdaHnNbm0-00067-00033700-00033947 Firstly, we’re done with the cut and everything
_WTdaHnNbm0-00068-00033947-00034591 We haven’t dried his hair yet since it could look different when you dry it yourself at home
_WTdaHnNbm0-00069-00034591-00034854 He asked me how he can maintain it going forward
_WTdaHnNbm0-00070-00034854-00035288 At our salon, we just spray water on the spot
_WTdaHnNbm0-00071-00035382-00035775 So it looks as if you’ve just washed your hair
_WTdaHnNbm0-00072-00035809-00036466 I’ll be handing over the dryer so that the customer can dry it out for himself
_WTdaHnNbm0-00073-00036810-00037694 I gave him the dryer since no matter how well I dry/style it out for them, it won’t be sustainable once they go home
_WTdaHnNbm0-00074-00037694-00038591 So by drying it out themselves at the salon right here, they’ll know that that’s the look they’ll have starting now
_WTdaHnNbm0-00075-00038591-00039192 I’ll slightly add some hairspray so that this design stays this way
_WTdaHnNbm0-00076-00040767-00040994 Are you dizzy?  - No
_WTdaHnNbm0-00077-00041845-00042045 It’s not too close, right?
_YFzYGviUng-00000-00000000-00000360 The much awaited patch 2.7 is finally within our grasp
_YFzYGviUng-00001-00000360-00000880 and we’ll be up for quite a ride with th new 5 star Yelan and Xiao’s backstory,
_YFzYGviUng-00002-00000880-00001472 along with our friends from Inazuma Itto and the new 4 star Kuki Shinobu. Yes it's that time again
_YFzYGviUng-00003-00001472-00002016 welcome to the 10 Things you might have Missed in the version 2.7 trailer of Genshin Impact.
_YFzYGviUng-00004-00003176-00003736 Right off that batt, here's a short bonus Did you notice that this is Kuki Shinobu? Yes,
_YFzYGviUng-00005-00003736-00004216 Kuki used to be a shrine maiden before she joined the Arattaki gang. And this flashback
_YFzYGviUng-00006-00004216-00004776 scene of a certain green haired individual might be Kuki in the past. I’ll tell you more about that
_YFzYGviUng-00007-00004776-00005392 later tho… let's move on to the actual list. At number 1; who is Yelan’s father? Well if
_YFzYGviUng-00008-00005392-00005984 we were basing off of looks and names it would probably be Uncle Tian or Tianshu, hopefully his
_YFzYGviUng-00009-00005984-00006640 name translates to divine writing or Gibberish.. Rather than this other translation meaning
_YFzYGviUng-00010-00006640-00007408 um…. Yea… maybe that's why he's so familiar with Yelan… Anyway, Uncle Tian's relations with Yelan
_YFzYGviUng-00011-00007408-00007944 claiming to work as a ”non-entity” at the Ministry of Civil Affairs could be related to his sister
_YFzYGviUng-00012-00007944-00008624 Yundan of which her daughter Huixin works as a Secretary for the Liyue Qixing. Family ties do
_YFzYGviUng-00013-00008624-00008928 seem to go with similar jobs in Liyue.. Number 2;
_YFzYGviUng-00014-00008928-00009368 Yelan does not only work in the Ministry, she is also mentioned as the owner of the
_YFzYGviUng-00015-00009368-00009912 Yangsheng teahouse which if you didn't know is actually a Casino. This would explain her
_YFzYGviUng-00016-00009912-00010512 Dicey and Gambling personality as well as her skill designs and aesthetic. Their teahouse offers
_YFzYGviUng-00017-00010512-00011168 only the best tea in all of Liyue as well as “other goods' ' which probably means information.
_YFzYGviUng-00018-00011168-00011680 because Yelan is also a special intelligence officer that reports to Ningguang specifically.
_YFzYGviUng-00019-00011680-00012152 She's quite an agent that travels all over Tevyat, including the Abyss itself. Her
_YFzYGviUng-00020-00012152-00012688 backstory is also for some reason related to the events in the Chasm.. Maybe she has relations
_YFzYGviUng-00021-00012688-00013240 with the milelith who fought with the electro Yaksha 500 years ago? We can't say just yet..
_YFzYGviUng-00022-00013240-00013576 Speaking of Yaksha, at number 3 Xiaos has been acting weird
_YFzYGviUng-00023-00013576-00014200 around the Chasm. He mentions things such as “Everything is chaotic here. If you stay here
_YFzYGviUng-00024-00014200-00015672 too long this space may very well devour you” and interestingly enough inside of the domain
_YFzYGviUng-00025-00015672-00016208 we enter, a ghostlike version of Xiao is seen speaking to an entity quite passionately..
_YFzYGviUng-00026-00016208-00017544 Saying the words “no.. if… still alive.. Why would you become like this? Paimon also
_YFzYGviUng-00027-00017544-00018048 mentions that this weird domain we enter cant be sensed by Xiao… Which lead us to
_YFzYGviUng-00028-00018048-00018472 Number 4 The Electro Yaksha? Now we know that the Electro Yaksha fell
_YFzYGviUng-00029-00018472-00019072 in the Chasm 500 years ago, but could this domain be a place where he disappeared to? Xiao’s concern
_YFzYGviUng-00030-00019072-00019712 for the certain person in the trailer might be pointing at the Electro Yaksha, and Xiao’s ghost
_YFzYGviUng-00031-00019712-00020240 might be a part of the past Xiao is talking with his Yaksha friend. And maybe there's more than
_YFzYGviUng-00032-00020240-00020616 just Xiao and the ELectro Yaksha in that domain.. Number 5 Elemental lettering
_YFzYGviUng-00033-00020616-00021032 Inside of the domain there are 4 Seal Scripts using Liyue language.
_YFzYGviUng-00034-00021032-00021568 Now I'm not good at deciphering these seals but based on Xiao’s ghost next to some of the seals,
_YFzYGviUng-00035-00021568-00022216 as well as the seals including Anemo and Electro.. Then possibly we could also see the Geo and
_YFzYGviUng-00036-00022216-00022672 either the Cryo or Hydro Yaksha in 2.7. Number 6 Strings of a Puppet Master
_YFzYGviUng-00037-00022672-00023184 Yelan might know more about the domain we entered than we think she does. She's pretty confident in
_YFzYGviUng-00038-00023184-00024112 solving the problem in the Chasm. Saying lines like “just focus on taking care of yourselves
_YFzYGviUng-00039-00024456-00024864 I'll figure out the rest”. And these threads or strings on this scene may or may not be related
_YFzYGviUng-00040-00024864-00025336 to Yelan in some form or fashion. COuld this be what Yelan has been looking for since she went
_YFzYGviUng-00041-00025336-00025888 to investigate the Chasm’s secrets? Or is this some sort of trick made by an unknown being?
_YFzYGviUng-00042-00025888-00026176 Number 7 More Unified Civilization Ruins It looks like there was more underneath the
_YFzYGviUng-00043-00026176-00026616 nail chamber after all.. We can find more structures and parts that are specific to
_YFzYGviUng-00044-00026616-00027080 enkanomiya and the old civilization, for example these weird transport circles we
_YFzYGviUng-00045-00027080-00027592 see in Enkanomiya are also in this domain. And ofcourse the box magic looking rock formations
_YFzYGviUng-00046-00027592-00028072 are found here too. Whether or not this area here is related to the portal looking entrance
_YFzYGviUng-00047-00028072-00028776 we can't say just yet, maybe it's in a different crevice of the Chasm. But one thing for sure,
_YFzYGviUng-00048-00028864-00029416 There's more under the nail chamber and we get to see more Unified Civilization technology.
_YFzYGviUng-00049-00029416-00029680 Number 8 More Time stasis Domains It's as if Hoyoverse really likes
_YFzYGviUng-00050-00029680-00030224 time dilations! *cries* And I'm not even talking about this damn compass. The weird
_YFzYGviUng-00051-00030224-00030752 Yaksha domain’s entrance is oddly similar to Ei’s Domain with the Raiden Shogun Puppet.
_YFzYGviUng-00052-00030752-00031232 Is this another clash of Ideals or is this just an aesthetic choice made by Hoyoverse.
_YFzYGviUng-00053-00031232-00031848 If so then maybe there's also Failsafe for yakshas like the way Ei designed the Raiden Shogun puppet.
_YFzYGviUng-00054-00031848-00032160 Number 9 The Fantastic Compass I can't really tell you guys anything about this
_YFzYGviUng-00055-00032224-00033248 thing.. It's called the fantastic Compass and it looks alot like the comapasses we use when
_YFzYGviUng-00056-00033248-00033720 looking for those elemental oculus. But something you might miss, is that whenever the hands move
_YFzYGviUng-00057-00033720-00034208 or whenever it is activated, it alters the area around it. You can see here that the compass has
_YFzYGviUng-00058-00034208-00034624 2 states so far, this one here and this other one. The Compass also moves depending on how
_YFzYGviUng-00059-00034624-00035456 the smaller compass is set. Number 10 Multiple compasses
_YFzYGviUng-00060-00035456-00035936 The different states of the compass not only change the state around it, but also the objects
_YFzYGviUng-00061-00035936-00036440 and its geography. But this could also mean there are 3 compassses inside of that domain.
_YFzYGviUng-00062-00037216-00037688 You can see the various changes in geography of the mountains and trees, as well as the
_YFzYGviUng-00063-00037688-00038472 scafoldings and the smaller compass disappearing or being replaced with debris. Or maybe this
_YFzYGviUng-00064-00038472-00039272 compass changes the timeline depending on where it points? We’ll find out soon enough i suppose
_YFzYGviUng-00065-00039344-00039632 Number 11, We will be Reunited? At the end of the trailer we see an unknown
_YFzYGviUng-00066-00039632-00040224 entity, probably the electro Yaksha or something else entirely, said that he tricked us and used
_YFzYGviUng-00067-00040224-00040832 our weakness to lure us into “the undergorund space”. As well as using everyone else’s weakness
_YFzYGviUng-00068-00040832-00041704 or possibly memories to lure them in too. You can hear what seems like Itto saying “is that who i
_YFzYGviUng-00069-00041704-00042320 think it is” possibly pointing to Kuki’s older self when she was still a shrine maiden. So maybe
_YFzYGviUng-00070-00042320-00043144 Itto’s weakness is Kuki? Hmmm.. But yes we get to see fake versions or past versions of certain
_YFzYGviUng-00071-00043144-00043720 individuals depending on the person because we are being lured in by the unknown entity.
_YFzYGviUng-00072-00043720-00044184 And there it is, the 10 things you missed in version 2.7 Trailer in Genshin Impact.
_YFzYGviUng-00073-00044184-00044720 I hope you gusy enjoyed this version’s short speculative/things you missed video. Comment
_YFzYGviUng-00074-00044720-00045224 below what you think is gonna happen or tell me my speculations are wrong, i dont mind. If you
_YFzYGviUng-00075-00045224-00045728 did enjoy the video i encourage you guys to like and subscribe as well as click on the bell icon
_YFzYGviUng-00076-00045728-00046160 to help me get a better presence in the algorithm and ofcourse, so i can tell that you
_YFzYGviUng-00077-00046224-00047784 did enjoy the video. Anyways ill see you guys in the next video right? K thanks bye!
_b6NeTN_peE-00000-00000070-00000336 Welcome to Free software in Bangla!
_b6NeTN_peE-00001-00000382-00000792 As promised, today we'll learn about a real free software.
_b6NeTN_peE-00002-00000844-00001104 There's a bit of personal history to it.
_b6NeTN_peE-00003-00001166-00001462 Since I was a child, I heard of Adobe Photoshop.
_b6NeTN_peE-00004-00001504-00001872 They used to print amazing  Photoshopped images in magazines.
_b6NeTN_peE-00005-00001888-00002400 I'd think, "It'd be great if I could learn such "cool" editing!"
_b6NeTN_peE-00006-00002440-00002672 The computer I bought in 2010,
_b6NeTN_peE-00007-00002684-00002872 came with a lot of Hindi songs,
_b6NeTN_peE-00008-00002898-00003002 a lot of wallpapers,
_b6NeTN_peE-00009-00003002-00003311 and a lot of software programs.
_b6NeTN_peE-00010-00003364-00003561 Seeing Adobe Photoshop among them,
_b6NeTN_peE-00011-00003584-00003792 I immediately tried it,
_b6NeTN_peE-00012-00003806-00003978 but couldn't get too far.
_b6NeTN_peE-00013-00004014-00004396 I thought since I didn't know much about using a computer,
_b6NeTN_peE-00014-00004414-00004736 that was tripping me on Photoshop's interface.
_b6NeTN_peE-00015-00004822-00005072 After a while, I got internet.
_b6NeTN_peE-00016-00005080-00005604 On Cnet, I came across a Photoshop alternative program.
_b6NeTN_peE-00017-00005650-00005826 It came with a nice review.
_b6NeTN_peE-00018-00005854-00006336 I learned it isn't just a good free-of-cost Photoshop alternative...
_b6NeTN_peE-00019-00006358-00006852 the program is developed by a lot of people together...
_b6NeTN_peE-00020-00006864-00007086 as a non-profit project.
_b6NeTN_peE-00021-00007216-00007390 I was instantly impressed.
_b6NeTN_peE-00022-00007423-00007534 Interestingly,
_b6NeTN_peE-00023-00007552-00007726 upon installation the program,
_b6NeTN_peE-00024-00007726-00007972 it didn't feel as complex as Photoshop.
_b6NeTN_peE-00025-00008006-00008600 Despite being a newbie in digital image editing, I could do stuff.
_b6NeTN_peE-00026-00008678-00009036 That's how I met GNU Image Manipulation Program...
_b6NeTN_peE-00027-00009036-00009154 aka GIMP.
_b6NeTN_peE-00028-00009196-00009532 The first free software I consciously used.
_b6NeTN_peE-00029-00009602-00010040 GIMP was born in 1995, at University of California, Berkeley.
_b6NeTN_peE-00030-00010074-00010456 Recall that this is where BSD Unix grew up, as well.
_b6NeTN_peE-00031-00010522-00011010 Like other free software programs, since its release in 1996,
_b6NeTN_peE-00032-00011034-00011346 volunteers have been improving it,
_b6NeTN_peE-00033-00011366-00011626 and publishing various tutorials.
_b6NeTN_peE-00034-00011670-00012118 GIMP is excellent for those new to raster graphics editing.
_b6NeTN_peE-00035-00012154-00012288 And those used to...
_b6NeTN_peE-00036-00012298-00012422 Photoshop from before,
_b6NeTN_peE-00037-00012440-00012834 can also easily get acquainted with GIMP.
_b6NeTN_peE-00038-00012897-00013376 The internet abounds with help for both types of users.
_b6NeTN_peE-00039-00013408-00013784 This video is only a grain of sand on that shore.
_b6NeTN_peE-00040-00013832-00014436 Besides Unix-like systems, GIMP can be used on Windows and macOS.
_b6NeTN_peE-00041-00014456-00014810 You can download and install it like any other program.
_b6NeTN_peE-00042-00014868-00015426 Without further ado, let's see a fun and simple tutorial that you can do with GIMP!
_b6NeTN_peE-00043-00015604-00015982 Let me start by introducing GIMP's interface.
_b6NeTN_peE-00044-00016746-00017146 There are various tools on the left.
_b6NeTN_peE-00045-00017380-00017918 With default installation it might look a bit different, like this.
_b6NeTN_peE-00046-00017950-00018422 On the right I have tool-related options.
_b6NeTN_peE-00047-00018820-00019508 Like now the Paintbrush tool is selected, and on the right tab here you can see its options.
_b6NeTN_peE-00048-00020152-00020826 Right bottom, we have Layers, Channels, Paths, Undo tabs.
_b6NeTN_peE-00049-00020890-00021280 About tools on the left.
_b6NeTN_peE-00050-00021768-00022330 Below most tool icons you see a small triangle...
_b6NeTN_peE-00051-00022358-00022768 which means a few tools are grouped together.
_b6NeTN_peE-00052-00022768-00023380 So the group containing Move also houses Alignment.
_b6NeTN_peE-00053-00024232-00024530 When you hover the mouse cursor...
_b6NeTN_peE-00054-00024588-00025012 on a tool icon...
_b6NeTN_peE-00055-00025096-00025374 the other tools will pop up.
_b6NeTN_peE-00056-00025512-00025714 And the color palette.
_b6NeTN_peE-00057-00026326-00026952 Now the foreground color is white, background color black.
_b6NeTN_peE-00058-00027008-00027245 Below we have the defaults.
_b6NeTN_peE-00059-00027742-00028220 There you see a keyboard shortcut, D
_b6NeTN_peE-00060-00028239-00028638 pressing which will have the same effect as clicking there.
_b6NeTN_peE-00061-00028650-00029304 Each tool has a keyboard shortcut, as you can see.
_b6NeTN_peE-00062-00029718-00030327 Let's open the images we need by going to File->Open
_b6NeTN_peE-00063-00030918-00031689 We could also press Ctrl+O and get the files from our computer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00064-00033486-00034000 The images we need have opened in two tabs.
_b6NeTN_peE-00065-00034020-00034170 On the left...
_b6NeTN_peE-00066-00034190-00034932 is the image of a room full of computers.
_b6NeTN_peE-00067-00034960-00035282 It's a large image, 4032X3024.
_b6NeTN_peE-00068-00035354-00035864 To zoom it we can use the keyboard and mouse.
_b6NeTN_peE-00069-00035888-00036570 Press Ctrl and scroll with the mouse wheel to zoom in and out.
_b6NeTN_peE-00070-00036978-00037288 This is 200% zoom.
_b6NeTN_peE-00071-00037320-00037622 This is 100%
_b6NeTN_peE-00072-00037674-00038230 Ctrl+scroll up -> zoom in Ctrl+scroll down -> zoom out
_b6NeTN_peE-00073-00038930-00039966 An empty room full of computer displays doesn't look good, does it?
_b6NeTN_peE-00074-00040034-00040440 Someone should use one of the computers.
_b6NeTN_peE-00075-00040568-00041110 What if this dinosaur here used the first computer?
_b6NeTN_peE-00076-00041148-00041794 Before we isolate the dino, let's fix the colors.
_b6NeTN_peE-00077-00042872-00043528 There's an "Auto" option in Colors menu.
_b6NeTN_peE-00078-00044034-00044654 In Auto, there's "White Balance".
_b6NeTN_peE-00079-00045420-00045772 That improved the contrast.
_b6NeTN_peE-00080-00045804-00046468 In Colors->Auto, we see another option called "Color Enhance".
_b6NeTN_peE-00081-00046874-00047526 Color Enhance improves the overall color.
_b6NeTN_peE-00082-00048154-00049056 The changes we make are listed in the "Undo" tab.
_b6NeTN_peE-00083-00049118-00049440 We can undo any change.
_b6NeTN_peE-00084-00049508-00050230 You can go to Edit->Undo or press Ctrl+Z
_b6NeTN_peE-00085-00050244-00050652 Like the Color Enhance is undone here.
_b6NeTN_peE-00086-00050690-00051252 Pressing Ctrl+Z again will also undo White Balance.
_b6NeTN_peE-00087-00051282-00051855 The reverse, redo can be done with Ctrl+Y
_b6NeTN_peE-00088-00052394-00053214 The computers are on the right side, but the dinosaur is facing left.
_b6NeTN_peE-00089-00053408-00053702 We have to flip sides.
_b6NeTN_peE-00090-00053744-00054617 Go to Image->Transform
_b6NeTN_peE-00091-00054662-00055112 There, choose "Flip Horizontally"
_b6NeTN_peE-00092-00055308-00055850 It turns the selected image/ layer into its mirror image.
_b6NeTN_peE-00093-00056105-00056567 Now we have to isolate the dinosaur.
_b6NeTN_peE-00094-00057508-00058408 We'll use a simple tool called "Scissors Select", can also be obtained by pressing I
_b6NeTN_peE-00095-00059454-00060424 It can intelligently trace colors and shapes and select accordingly.
_b6NeTN_peE-00096-00061241-00061522 Let's start from the head.
_b6NeTN_peE-00097-00061896-00062229 We click the first point near the mouth.
_b6NeTN_peE-00098-00062422-00063341 As we click along, we notice that the line is snapping to the dinosaur's face.
_b6NeTN_peE-00099-00063670-00064176 I'll go on like this and fast-forward the video.
_b6NeTN_peE-00100-00064348-00065222 Sometimes a tiny portion might be lift out, in that case, drag the line...
_b6NeTN_peE-00101-00065255-00065898 up or down with the mouse, then it will align better.
_b6NeTN_peE-00102-00065920-00066748 Remember that it won't be 100% perfect, but this is as good as as it gets.
_b6NeTN_peE-00103-00066782-00067248 That's how we re-align to the shape.
_b6NeTN_peE-00104-00067282-00067784 Be back after fast-forwarding.
_b6NeTN_peE-00105-00071750-00072426 We have to pay close attention to the teeth.
_b6NeTN_peE-00106-00072892-00073264 The ridges must be noticeable.
_b6NeTN_peE-00107-00073942-00074568 Just click along approximately along the teeth.
_b6NeTN_peE-00108-00074568-00075174 The Intelligent Scissors Tool is really intelligent.
_b6NeTN_peE-00109-00075232-00075982 Most of the times it's really good at guessing shape.
_b6NeTN_peE-00110-00076054-00076296 I'll fast-forward again.
_b6NeTN_peE-00111-00076756-00077230 We're done with the teeth and everything else.
_b6NeTN_peE-00112-00077252-00077750 This is the end point and this is the first point.
_b6NeTN_peE-00113-00078178-00079218 The tiny intersecting circles on the scissors as we take the cursor to the first point means...
_b6NeTN_peE-00114-00079218-00079704 clicking the first point will select the whole dinosaur.
_b6NeTN_peE-00115-00079854-00081018 Now we click on the dinosaur and we're done.
_b6NeTN_peE-00116-00081058-00081786 Go to Edit->Copy or press Ctrl+C
_b6NeTN_peE-00117-00082426-00082948 Now we paste the dinosaur on the other image.
_b6NeTN_peE-00118-00083090-00083984 In the Edit menu we need Paste As->New Layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00119-00083984-00084652 We see the dinosaur has been pasted as a new layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00120-00084982-00085818 On the Layers tab, there's the pasted layer and the base image.
_b6NeTN_peE-00121-00086690-00087090 This tab shows all the layers in use.
_b6NeTN_peE-00122-00087264-00087956 Let's rename the dinosaur layer by right click on the layer in the box.
_b6NeTN_peE-00123-00087984-00088712 See the Edit Layer Attributes.
_b6NeTN_peE-00124-00088748-00089440 Let's name it t-rex! With the tiny thumbnail, it should be readily recognizable now.
_b6NeTN_peE-00125-00089486-00090380 Similarly, let's name the lower, room-image layer as "base".
_b6NeTN_peE-00126-00090418-00091090 The dinosaur is on the base, but there's a problem as you can see.
_b6NeTN_peE-00127-00091134-00091404 The dino is too big.
_b6NeTN_peE-00128-00091984-00092918 There's a tool for resizing images or layers.
_b6NeTN_peE-00129-00092974-00093160 It's called Scale.
_b6NeTN_peE-00130-00093216-00093752 Which can also be accessed with Shift+S...
_b6NeTN_peE-00131-00093778-00093954 keyboard shortcut.
_b6NeTN_peE-00132-00093986-00094154 Select the layer,
_b6NeTN_peE-00133-00094242-00094650 click the t-rex layer,
_b6NeTN_peE-00134-00094692-00095126 and we see the scale tool.
_b6NeTN_peE-00135-00095178-00095840 Now just drag the corners to resize the layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00136-00095934-00096436 Once done, click the "Scale" option.
_b6NeTN_peE-00137-00096472-00096732 Now we have to move the layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00138-00096732-00097558 To drag a layer with mouse we need the Move tool.
_b6NeTN_peE-00139-00097558-00097964 It can also be activated by pressing M
_b6NeTN_peE-00140-00099280-00099814 Let's make it a bit smaller with Scale again.
_b6NeTN_peE-00141-00100560-00101058 Now we press M and move the layer up.
_b6NeTN_peE-00142-00101580-00102292 Make sure not to have the dinosaur step on the things on the floor.
_b6NeTN_peE-00143-00103044-00103164 Looks good.
_b6NeTN_peE-00144-00103364-00103990 Now it really looks as if the dinosaur is looking at the screen.
_b6NeTN_peE-00145-00104642-00105016 Let's go back to the base.
_b6NeTN_peE-00146-00105390-00105932 We can see the wall through the ridges of the teeth.
_b6NeTN_peE-00147-00105932-00106316 But the screen he's looking at is blank.
_b6NeTN_peE-00148-00106359-00106985 And only an idiot stares at a blank screen.
_b6NeTN_peE-00149-00107068-00107438 Let's put something on the screen.
_b6NeTN_peE-00150-00107476-00108180 From my terminal I'll use the network testing tool "ping".
_b6NeTN_peE-00151-00108302-00108611 Let there be a few lines for us to copy.
_b6NeTN_peE-00152-00108688-00108882 I think that's enough.
_b6NeTN_peE-00153-00109528-00110054 Must be something wrong with my connection...
_b6NeTN_peE-00154-00110116-00110400 Let's copy the whole thing.
_b6NeTN_peE-00155-00110428-00111300 With Text Tool, we can write on an image.
_b6NeTN_peE-00156-00111326-00111850 Make sure that we're on the base layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00157-00111888-00112672 On the computer screen, from top to bottom,
_b6NeTN_peE-00158-00112709-00113100 we drag the text box layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00159-00113133-00113898 Now we click on the text box and use Ctrl+V to paste our text.
_b6NeTN_peE-00160-00114461-00114914 We need white text on black screen.
_b6NeTN_peE-00161-00114935-00115882 Select all the text with Ctrl+A, and choose the color from one of the two color options.
_b6NeTN_peE-00162-00115944-00116156 We choose white.
_b6NeTN_peE-00163-00116306-00116935 Better now, but there's still a problem.
_b6NeTN_peE-00164-00116935-00117428 Since the photo is taken from an angle, the screen is not rectangular.
_b6NeTN_peE-00165-00117568-00118102 But the text is up front straight.
_b6NeTN_peE-00166-00118194-00118842 We need to make the text angular to match the screen.
_b6NeTN_peE-00167-00118878-00119533 We use a tool for that, available in the same tool group as Scale.
_b6NeTN_peE-00168-00119533-00120488 Select Perspective Tool and click on the text box.
_b6NeTN_peE-00169-00120532-00121092 See the tiny squares...
_b6NeTN_peE-00170-00121161-00121933 along the corners, and by dragging them we can change the box's shape.
_b6NeTN_peE-00171-00121978-00122902 Let me zoom... we want to drag the text box to the monitor's shape.
_b6NeTN_peE-00172-00123076-00123832 We match the upper and lower right corners.
_b6NeTN_peE-00173-00124083-00124776 Now the text will automatically shift in perspective.
_b6NeTN_peE-00174-00125278-00125858 Click Transform and done.
_b6NeTN_peE-00175-00126524-00126920 Notice that this is our base image.
_b6NeTN_peE-00176-00126972-00127716 The base layer is at the bottom.
_b6NeTN_peE-00177-00127752-00128024 We rename the text layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00178-00128156-00128914 First base, then text, then on top is the t-rex layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00179-00129356-00129830 Because of the layers' order,
_b6NeTN_peE-00180-00129859-00130158 the text is BELOW the dino,
_b6NeTN_peE-00181-00130196-00130335 not on top.
_b6NeTN_peE-00182-00130372-00131072 Hence the text isn't on the face, but if we drag the text layer...
_b6NeTN_peE-00183-00131092-00131420 and move it above t-rex, the text...
_b6NeTN_peE-00184-00131420-00131928 will come on top of the face.
_b6NeTN_peE-00185-00131942-00132268 We can manipulate layers like this.
_b6NeTN_peE-00186-00132316-00132846 First t-rex, then text, then the base layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00187-00132878-00133046 That's all good.
_b6NeTN_peE-00188-00133144-00133616 We're mostly done, but let's add something fun.
_b6NeTN_peE-00189-00133616-00134080 We can add a text bubble.
_b6NeTN_peE-00190-00134104-00134886 For that we can use the Ellipse Select Tool.
_b6NeTN_peE-00191-00134958-00135412 Make sure the base layer is selected.
_b6NeTN_peE-00192-00135724-00136482 Let's select an oval shape, then...
_b6NeTN_peE-00193-00136482-00136722 press "Delete" on the keyboard.
_b6NeTN_peE-00194-00136806-00137178 Then, Select->Select None
_b6NeTN_peE-00195-00137250-00137926 We now have a space for our text.
_b6NeTN_peE-00196-00138670-00139140 I'll choose a Bangla font from the right side.
_b6NeTN_peE-00197-00139940-00140352 My most favorite Bangla serif font.
_b6NeTN_peE-00198-00140384-00140552 Choose the bold version.
_b6NeTN_peE-00199-00141130-00142060 He's saying "How strange!" It's pretty tiny.
_b6NeTN_peE-00200-00142244-00142792 We have the option to change the font size.
_b6NeTN_peE-00201-00143374-00143856 Just make sure it fits the box.
_b6NeTN_peE-00202-00145062-00145684 Those who tried writing Bangla on Photoshop must know it's very difficult.
_b6NeTN_peE-00203-00145710-00146432 On GIMP it's as simple as writing Roman letters.
_b6NeTN_peE-00204-00146510-00147120 Now on the Layers tab we have 4 layers.
_b6NeTN_peE-00205-00147146-00147374 Let's rename the new text layer.
_b6NeTN_peE-00206-00148984-00149492 We also need a connector for the bubble.
_b6NeTN_peE-00207-00149860-00150386 For that we'll use Path Tool.
_b6NeTN_peE-00208-00151374-00151982 We join two points.
_b6NeTN_peE-00209-00152098-00152610 It creates a loop.
_b6NeTN_peE-00210-00152646-00153542 Path Tool creates lines whose shapes we can modify as we want.
_b6NeTN_peE-00211-00153844-00154484 We drag it and give it a shape like a comic book bubble connector.
_b6NeTN_peE-00212-00154576-00154882 Still not completed.
_b6NeTN_peE-00213-00155628-00155942 We go to Paths,
_b6NeTN_peE-00214-00156004-00156530 right-click on the path we just created, the "unnamed" one,
_b6NeTN_peE-00215-00158214-00158830 and choose "Path to Selection".
_b6NeTN_peE-00216-00158864-00159588 Like before, press "Delete" to make the selected section white.
_b6NeTN_peE-00217-00159612-00160408 See white is the background color, and pressing "Delete" leaves only that color.
_b6NeTN_peE-00218-00160446-00160932 We press Ctrl+Shift+A or choose "None" from Select menu.
_b6NeTN_peE-00219-00160966-00161254 Now nothing is selected.
_b6NeTN_peE-00220-00161462-00161894 We can delete this path now.
_b6NeTN_peE-00221-00162032-00162332 That's a rather nice text bubble.
_b6NeTN_peE-00222-00162402-00162626 We're all done.
_b6NeTN_peE-00223-00162680-00162846 Now...
_b6NeTN_peE-00224-00163270-00163614 If we want to use the photo,
_b6NeTN_peE-00225-00163672-00164548 Going to File->Save will save it to GIMP's internal XCF format.
_b6NeTN_peE-00226-00164588-00164968 It preserves all layers, undo options etc.
_b6NeTN_peE-00227-00165012-00165324 It won't be a usable photo.
_b6NeTN_peE-00228-00165378-00165798 Only GIMP understands it.
_b6NeTN_peE-00229-00165930-00166750 Thus, "Save" is only useful when we want to save the project,
_b6NeTN_peE-00230-00166780-00167222 turn off the computer and work later.
_b6NeTN_peE-00231-00167278-00167518 For now,
_b6NeTN_peE-00232-00167562-00168114 to get a usable photo, see the "Export As" option under File.
_b6NeTN_peE-00233-00168852-00169168 Let's go with JPEG.
_b6NeTN_peE-00234-00169204-00169674 I'm on my Home directory.
_b6NeTN_peE-00235-00170414-00170922 Let's name the JPEG file.
_b6NeTN_peE-00236-00171170-00171690 Pressing "Export" will show a bunch of options, we choose all the defaults.
_b6NeTN_peE-00237-00171754-00172130 After exporting, when we go to the home directory,
_b6NeTN_peE-00238-00172412-00172582 we see the photo.
_b6NeTN_peE-00239-00172626-00173146 See it as I open it on fullscreen.
_k9R9_yUho0-00000-00000088-00000817 Hi, my name is Tyrin, I just finished my first year in the PMHCA program, and I've been volunteering
_k9R9_yUho0-00001-00000817-00001168 with PGS kind of from the beginning of that time.
_k9R9_yUho0-00002-00001168-00001909 I did start seeing clients this summer, um so I'm a GA now and yeah, it's been awesome
_k9R9_yUho0-00003-00001909-00002722 I don't think I expected to um, stay with PGS but I remember at my orientation thinking
_k9R9_yUho0-00004-00002722-00003347 "wow I don't know a lot about behavioral addictions from a clinical standpoint and it seems like
_k9R9_yUho0-00005-00003347-00003957 a place I could grow a lot and I just want to see what it's like", and it's such an awesome
_k9R9_yUho0-00006-00003957-00004704 team it has just like really quickly surpassed all my expectations being involved there,
_k9R9_yUho0-00007-00004704-00005302 and I think it's probably my favorite part of the Lewis and Clark counselling education
_k9R9_yUho0-00008-00005302-00005839 program, um while all of my classmates are also getting you know the education I'm getting
_k9R9_yUho0-00009-00005839-00006415 at school, it's still really theoretical for them, and for me I get to consult with other
_k9R9_yUho0-00010-00006434-00007109 people who are in clinical training and my supervisor Frankie and just get kind of like
_k9R9_yUho0-00011-00007109-00007666 all the theory and all the things that people are learning classes in this really nuanced
_k9R9_yUho0-00012-00007666-00008453 way where I also get to work on extending my clinical voice to people who are there
_k9R9_yUho0-00013-00008453-00009135 to see help for their gambling addiction, and it's- it's been such a growth process
_k9R9_yUho0-00014-00009135-00009704 so I'd say I encourage you know if you're interested just checking it out, because I
_k9R9_yUho0-00015-00009704-00010336 didn't, you know I didn't expect it to kind of become such a enriching and fulfilling
_k9R9_yUho0-00016-00010336-00010960 and a really like stabilizing part of my Lewis and Clark experience, but the fact that there
_k9R9_yUho0-00017-00010960-00011675 is this training clinic like I'm seeing- I'm seeing clients now um, other folks in my cohort
_k9R9_yUho0-00018-00011675-00012335 or PMHCA they have like another year or so before they can start so um a lot of experience,
_k9R9_yUho0-00019-00012335-00013241 a lot of clinical hours, it's an awesome team and it's great you know I get to consult with
_k9R9_yUho0-00020-00013241-00013781 people in the MCFT program, I get to have experience working with a couple who's coming
_k9R9_yUho0-00021-00013781-00014306 to treatment, and those are things that I, I'm not sure I recognized would be valuable,
_k9R9_yUho0-00022-00014306-00014956 but like I said there's a ton to learn, the team is amazing I can't recommend it enough
_k9R9_yUho0-00023-00014956-00015631 I wouldn't normally make a video for anything so, I know you don't know me but it speaks
_k9R9_yUho0-00024-00015631-00015744 volumes, thanks.
_kg63VS9tVo-00000-00004450-00004992 So since there is the last stage of the ebike world championship right here in Varazze
_kg63VS9tVo-00001-00005086-00005974 I decided not to stay at home and follow the race a little. In particular I will follow my old teacher Br1 Zanchi
_kg63VS9tVo-00002-00006072-00006334 I'm here at the start of Stage 1 and Br1 is focusing on the race
_kg63VS9tVo-00003-00006404-00007038 I will follow him in all the Stages and I will try to understand how these races work
_kg63VS9tVo-00004-00008262-00008396 30 seconds
_kg63VS9tVo-00005-00008780-00009312 5, 4 , 3, 2, 1, GO!
_kg63VS9tVo-00006-00010160-00011046 Ok Br1 started and now let's see what it says between stage 1 and 2, how did this go and how do you feel about the next
_kg63VS9tVo-00007-00011170-00012024 Not bad, I started determined but without pushing too much because last time I broke the chain
_kg63VS9tVo-00008-00012184-00012686 I learned from the last time not to push too hard early
_kg63VS9tVo-00009-00012722-00013536 I laugh well in the first part until the middle, then towards the end I made some small mistakes but it didn't make me lose time
_kg63VS9tVo-00010-00013726-00014088 Now let's go to attack Stage 2
_kg63VS9tVo-00011-00015316-00015738 I arrived at the bottom of stage 2 but this time I had a problem
_kg63VS9tVo-00012-00015819-00016862 The chain came out of the gear wheel causing me to lose a bit of pedaling power
_kg63VS9tVo-00013-00017036-00017950 things that happen in an enduro race but the important thing is to have finished the Stage
_kg63VS9tVo-00014-00018208-00018552 the bike is now in place and I'm ready for Stage 3!
_kg63VS9tVo-00015-00019164-00019340 Then the first day is over and
_kg63VS9tVo-00016-00019408-00019686 Br1 has arrived safe and sound and
_kg63VS9tVo-00017-00019706-00019924 tell us a little about how it went.
_kg63VS9tVo-00018-00019950-00020202 it went pretty well by, I'm happy, I'm in seventh position and
_kg63VS9tVo-00019-00020234-00020652 first of the old but it was a pretty special day.
_kg63VS9tVo-00020-00020680-00021038 As you know Francesco I didn't have so much way to try the Stages
_kg63VS9tVo-00021-00021062-00021614 was therefore a guide a little improvised let's say..
_kg63VS9tVo-00022-00021634-00021924 Almost blindly
_kg63VS9tVo-00023-00021924-00022344 Blindly normally a rider push at his 80/85%,
_kg63VS9tVo-00024-00022376-00022748 tries to raise where he sees more
_kg63VS9tVo-00025-00022782-00023196 but in the technical sections tries to restrain himself and not make mistakes
_kg63VS9tVo-00026-00023252-00023602 this allowed me to get a good result
_kg63VS9tVo-00027-00023754-00024026 yes indeed you are not so far from the first
_kg63VS9tVo-00028-00024092-00024466 half an hour? from about 30 seconds
_kg63VS9tVo-00029-00024660-00025318 The last Stage you did as it was? No, because it's my home path and I care and I wanted to know how it felt
_kg63VS9tVo-00030-00025586-00026592 You're right, in the meantime I thank your parents for their hospitality
_kg63VS9tVo-00031-00026760-00027362 hard rock is a very technical old school trail with stones and quite steep
_kg63VS9tVo-00032-00027362-00027842 very fast, you count that for that Stage I put on my big body protection as in the old days
_kg63VS9tVo-00033-00027850-00028092 I don't know if they are the first signs of old age
_kg63VS9tVo-00034-00028094-00028258 or if I am more cautious
_kg63VS9tVo-00035-00028280-00028822 But very fun Stage because I jumped from one side to the other
_kg63VS9tVo-00036-00028822-00028906 Kind of like a child
_kg63VS9tVo-00037-00028944-00029104 Exactly, right
_kg63VS9tVo-00038-00029452-00029816 As you know, the electric now pulls a lot and I'm intrigued,
_kg63VS9tVo-00039-00029816-00030280 maybe in a few years when I'm older I'll do a little thought.
_kg63VS9tVo-00040-00030280-00030838 So I wanted to know how these races worked, are they similar to normal enduro?
_kg63VS9tVo-00041-00030926-00031356 So Francesco, the situation is this: before coming to race with the old man you have to win
_kg63VS9tVo-00042-00031356-00031876 at least one Superenduro Italian Championship
_kg63VS9tVo-00043-00032102-00032488 later you can talk about it
_kg63VS9tVo-00044-00032645-00033764 Seriously, I want to deny the concept that those who come to do the races with the electric makes them not to struggle.
_kg63VS9tVo-00045-00033926-00034684 Then basically there are the same athletes who participate in an enduro race so the level is very high
_kg63VS9tVo-00046-00034766-00035328 the fact of using these bikes obviously allows you to make less effort in the transfers between the Stages
_kg63VS9tVo-00047-00035446-00035922 but I assure you that the Stage is very very hard!
_kg63VS9tVo-00048-00035948-00036360 But it's hard because you go over 25 km / h or because is the bike heavy?
_kg63VS9tVo-00049-00036388-00036950 it's hard for both reasons. It goes over 25 km / h and the engine no longer helps
_kg63VS9tVo-00050-00036950-00037484 so you have to ride a bike that weighs a lot
_kg63VS9tVo-00051-00037584-00038814 finally, having a slightly different bike that behaves differently from normal makes it harder
_kg63VS9tVo-00052-00038924-00039436 But the thing is interesting, the engine that pushes pedaling out of corners is a lot of fun
_kg63VS9tVo-00053-00039496-00039790 and the stability they give you are very important
_kg63VS9tVo-00054-00039820-00040912 They give you the feeling of having the bike under control, it's a little less easy to ride it because of the weight
_kg63VS9tVo-00055-00041562-00042106 But in most cases are the Stages down or mixed? Because seen from the outside I think it would be interesting to have
_kg63VS9tVo-00056-00042146-00042944 specials even uphill or techniques to insert all the capabilities of these bikes!
_kg63VS9tVo-00057-00042994-00043594 Very good question, soo we did 3 ebike world championship races
_kg63VS9tVo-00058-00043818-00044422 Spain, France and today Italy in Varazze
_kg63VS9tVo-00059-00044478-00045008 The first one was a very technical race with uphill Stages
_kg63VS9tVo-00060-00045102-00045646 where I assure you that it made the difference to have a very trained legs
_kg63VS9tVo-00061-00045720-00046032 In France we did a 70km race
_kg63VS9tVo-00062-00046072-00046570 in awesome places but also with very tight transfers
_kg63VS9tVo-00063-00046576-00046970 and the Stages were well-kept and fabulous
_kg63VS9tVo-00064-00047122-00047786 But they even changed each Stage battery to always go in turbo
_kg63VS9tVo-00065-00047940-00048256 technical climbs but not timed
_kg63VS9tVo-00066-00048442-00048662 To me here it's a mix
_kg63VS9tVo-00067-00048680-00048976 there is a nice downhill, normal transfer, uphill trail in Stages
_kg63VS9tVo-00068-00049026-00049414 technical part where the downhillers can do well
_kg63VS9tVo-00069-00049420-00050784 In general, however, at these enduro races the driver must have 60% of physical training and 40% of technique
_kg63VS9tVo-00070-00055528-00055866 Ok race over, prizes awarded, how did Br1 go?
_kg63VS9tVo-00071-00055972-00056667 Well well, as you can see from the loot it went well!
_kg63VS9tVo-00072-00056784-00057502 Category victory today and second place overall in the ebike world championship
_kg63VS9tVo-00073-00057526-00057891 so I would say positive!
_kg63VS9tVo-00074-00057941-00058128 Very good, soo see you next time!
_kg63VS9tVo-00075-00058140-00058267 Thanks Francesco, ciao ciao
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00000-00000355-00001124 My name is Nikita, and I am 25 years old UI/UX designer from Rubizhne, a small town in Ukraine.
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00001-00001124-00001757 I have been working with Remote Helpers for 1 year now  and my total experience in design
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00002-00001757-00001952 is about 2 years.
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00003-00001952-00002498 During my career in design, I have performed hundreds of completely different tasks, and
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00004-00002498-00002758 not all of them were UI\UX Design.
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00005-00002758-00003460 If you look at my portfolio, you can see examples of the creation of websites, landing pages
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00006-00003460-00004244 layouts, the design of mobile applications, content for social media, advertisements for
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00007-00004244-00004660 Google and Facebook, and even examples of logo design.
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00008-00004660-00005457 Thanks to Remote Helpers, I have already collaborated with Africa, Denmark, Singapore, leaving many
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00009-00005457-00005858 satisfied customers, many of whom are returning to us!
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00010-00005858-00006581 Design is not just a process of creating pretty pictures but a powerful tool to make your
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00011-00006581-00007421 business more profitable and the final product more enjoyable and understandable for the user.
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00012-00007421-00008173 I`ll be glad to tell you more about my experience and myself at the interview, so see you soon!
_lZeiLpNQ5c-00013-00008173-00008276 Have a nice day, bye
_nJTIymPLyc-00000-00000000-00000343 She got the gold medal for Tokyo Olympic Women Golf
_nJTIymPLyc-00001-00000343-00000570 Oh... Everyone! Cheer up.
_nJTIymPLyc-00002-00001333-00001613 Nice to meet you. Dog Golf.
_nJTIymPLyc-00003-00001613-00001943 Women's Golf Winner at the Tokyo Olympics
_nJTIymPLyc-00004-00001943-00002243 Let me introduce you to Nelly Koda.
_nJTIymPLyc-00005-00002243-00002830 I was born on July 28, 1998 in Bradenton, Florida.
_nJTIymPLyc-00006-00002830-00003056 My parents are both from the Czech Republic.
_nJTIymPLyc-00007-00003056-00003476 Her father, Petr Corda, was born in 1998.
_nJTIymPLyc-00008-00003476-00003726 I won the Australian Open singles.
_nJTIymPLyc-00009-00003726-00004213 Her mother, Regina Rajrtova, won the 1988 Seoul Olympics.
_nJTIymPLyc-00010-00004213-00004470 I played for the Czech Republic in tennis.
_nJTIymPLyc-00011-00004470-00004870 My older sister is Jessica Koda, and she is winning six LPGA titles.
_nJTIymPLyc-00012-00004870-00005210 He's playing in the men's professional tennis team.T.P.
_nJTIymPLyc-00013-00005210-00005440 I'm Sebastian Koda.
_nJTIymPLyc-00014-00005440-00005686 I started playing golf when I was six.
_nJTIymPLyc-00015-00005686-00006123 He was the winner of the 2015 US Junior Solheim Cup.
_nJTIymPLyc-00016-00006123-00006673 In the same year, he won the Harter Hall Invitational, PING Invitational.
_nJTIymPLyc-00017-00006673-00007086 She turned professional in 2016 and took part in the LPGA tour.
_nJTIymPLyc-00018-00007086-00007353 Participate in the Symetra tour.
_nJTIymPLyc-00019-00007353-00007730 She won the Sioux Falls Great LIFE Challenge tournament in the same year.
_nJTIymPLyc-00020-00007730-00007909 #9 in the season's prize money rankings.
_nJTIymPLyc-00021-00007909-00008343 Next year, I will win the LPGA Tour card in 2017.
_nJTIymPLyc-00022-00008343-00008896 At the 2018 LPGA Taiwan Championship in Taiwan.
_nJTIymPLyc-00023-00008896-00009153 She won her first LPGA title.
_nJTIymPLyc-00024-00009153-00009556 With this victory, Sorenstam and Jutanugarn,
_nJTIymPLyc-00025-00009556-00010076 This marks the third sisterly win in LPGA history.
_nJTIymPLyc-00026-00010076-00010516 In 2019, she won the ISPS Handa Women's Australian Open.
_nJTIymPLyc-00027-00010516-00010850 Achieve "Family Slam" in Australia.
_nJTIymPLyc-00028-00010850-00011343 My father won the 1998 Australian Open singles championship.
_nJTIymPLyc-00029-00011343-00011740 In 2012, sister Jessica Koda won the LPGA Australian Open in 2012.
_nJTIymPLyc-00030-00011740-00012020 2018 by his younger brother Sebastian Coda.
_nJTIymPLyc-00031-00012020-00012393 With the Australian Open Junior championship.
_nJTIymPLyc-00032-00012393-00012666 win the championship one by one
_nJTIymPLyc-00033-00012666-00013103 Last June 2021 with the Meijer LPGA Classic.
_nJTIymPLyc-00034-00013103-00013376 At the Women's PGA Championship,
_nJTIymPLyc-00035-00013376-00013710 Two weeks in a row, beating Ko Jin-young.
_nJTIymPLyc-00036-00013710-00013990 It's going up to number one in the world rankings.
_nJTIymPLyc-00037-00013990-00014206 I thought this was the end of the year.
_nJTIymPLyc-00038-00014206-00014616 She even won a gold medal in women's golf at the Tokyo Olympics.
_nJTIymPLyc-00039-00014616-00014903 Hey, Jessica Koda said this is what she said.
_nJTIymPLyc-00040-00014903-00015230 "It's like Park In-bee has done what she would have done."
_nJTIymPLyc-00041-00015230-00015606 With four major championships and Olympic gold medals.
_nJTIymPLyc-00042-00015606-00016066 Based on the mention of Park In-bee, who achieved the Golden Grand Slam,
_nJTIymPLyc-00043-00016066-00016403 I can see how great Park In-bee is.
_nJTIymPLyc-00044-00016403-00017073 So far, the championship records are six LPGA wins, one Ladies European win, and one Olympic win.
_nJTIymPLyc-00045-00017073-00017306 With the advent of Nelly Koda in recent years,
_nJTIymPLyc-00046-00017306-00017610 It's the first time that a Korean player has ever played on the LPGA stage.
_nJTIymPLyc-00047-00017610-00017990 I look forward to the increase in prize money and sponsorship.
_nJTIymPLyc-00048-00017990-00018313 Let's take a look at Nellie Koda's golf club.
_nJTIymPLyc-00049-00018313-00018676 The driver uses the tightlist TSi1 (10 degrees), (Shaft : Graphite Design Tour AD IZ 6 S)
_nJTIymPLyc-00050-00018676-00018993 Fairway wood is tightlist TSi2 -16.5 degree : Fujikura Ventus Red 7 S -21 degree : Mitsubishi Tensei AV Blue 75 S
_nJTIymPLyc-00051-00018993-00019310 Hybrid is Ping G425 (25 degrees). (Shaft: Fujikura Ventus HB)
_nJTIymPLyc-00052-00019310-00019566 The iron is a tightlist T100 (5-PW), (Shaft : Aerotech SteelFiber i95)
_nJTIymPLyc-00053-00019566-00019986 Wedge uses the Taitelist Voky Design SM8 (50,54,58 degrees). (Shaft : Aerotech SteelFiber i95cw S)
_nJTIymPLyc-00054-00019986-00020550 Putter is Scotty Cameron Special Select Squareback 2 tour prototype,
_nJTIymPLyc-00055-00020550-00020966 Finally, the ball uses the tightlist Pro V1.
_nJTIymPLyc-00056-00020966-00021300 From August 19th to 22nd in Scotland.
_nJTIymPLyc-00057-00021300-00021516 The last major tournament of the 2021 season,
_nJTIymPLyc-00058-00021516-00021823 AIG Women's Open will be held.
_nJTIymPLyc-00059-00021823-00022333 Every year since 2011, Korean players have won major championships.
_nJTIymPLyc-00060-00022333-00022643 There's no Korean player to win this year in 2021.
_nJTIymPLyc-00061-00022643-00022890 One of the members of Avenjuz won the championship.
_nJTIymPLyc-00062-00022890-00023266 I hope you can comfort the disappointment of the Olympics.
_nJTIymPLyc-00063-00023266-00023610 This has been Dog Golf. Thank you.
AoT3xVNRvoc-00000-00000000-00000293 To be honest, I naturally have good skin :)
AoT3xVNRvoc-00001-00000293-00000542 I was never into skincare
AoT3xVNRvoc-00002-00000542-00001084 I would apply a single lotion and people commented how great my skin looked everywhere I went
AoT3xVNRvoc-00003-00001084-00001202 At least until my twenties.
AoT3xVNRvoc-00004-00001202-00001566 But it became different as soon as I reached my thirties
AoT3xVNRvoc-00005-00001566-00001833 Skin deteriorates the more you neglect it
AoT3xVNRvoc-00006-00001833-00002364 Interestingly enough, the more you care for it, it can end up looking greater than your twenties
AoT3xVNRvoc-00007-00002364-00002739 Rather than getting your skin care from a dermatologist once in a while
AoT3xVNRvoc-00008-00002739-00003248 It’s more important to check the boxes off a list to consistently take care of your skin
AoT3xVNRvoc-00009-00003248-00003516 I’m actually pretty lazy but even I do these things!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00010-00003516-00004047 I’ll let you know how to get beautiful skin even during your busiest daily lives
AoT3xVNRvoc-00011-00004047-00004684 Even if you’re lazier or busier than me, you can do this everyday so try it out!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00012-00004684-00004956 Your skin will look different in just 3 days!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00013-00005235-00005655 Hello, this is Jiny from Jiny Diet V^_^V
AoT3xVNRvoc-00014-00005655-00005745 Hello~!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00015-00005765-00006191 The real absolute skincare lies within inner care
AoT3xVNRvoc-00016-00006191-00006641 If we’re feeling unwell in our bodies, it tends to show in our skin
AoT3xVNRvoc-00017-00006641-00007043 No matter how much gold you may spray on the outside, it means nothing if your inner body is unhealthy
AoT3xVNRvoc-00018-00007043-00007317 The better you care for your body, good skin will most definitely follow
AoT3xVNRvoc-00019-00007317-00007514 It will even brighten your skin
AoT3xVNRvoc-00020-00007514-00007901 Even if you don’t have white skin, others will comment on how white it got
AoT3xVNRvoc-00021-00007901-00008013 Isn’t that great?
AoT3xVNRvoc-00022-00008013-00008139 I’m telling my story haha
AoT3xVNRvoc-00023-00008174-00008391 I’m not boasting about this but I’m trying to convince you!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00024-00008391-00008591 About how important it is to take care of your body!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00025-00008591-00009199 I’ll let you know the 3 tips to get others to compliment your skin!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00026-00009272-00009472 3 Tips to Care for Your Body (This video is sponsored by d’Alba)
AoT3xVNRvoc-00027-00009472-00009741 The first and upmost inner care method is hydration
AoT3xVNRvoc-00028-00009741-00010009 I’m sure we’re all aware of the importance of hydration and water
AoT3xVNRvoc-00029-00010009-00010382 They say that 80% of us are dehydrated
AoT3xVNRvoc-00030-00010382-00010755 When we’re dehydrated, aside from the typical symptoms of thirst
AoT3xVNRvoc-00031-00010755-00011034 The water that is supposed to convert to urine gets recycled into the kidneys
AoT3xVNRvoc-00032-00011034-00011269 Thus depreciating the health of your blood
AoT3xVNRvoc-00033-00011269-00011593 Did you know that blood health is the main key to good skin?
AoT3xVNRvoc-00034-00011593-00012183 I drink 2 litres of water a day not just for health but for my skin
AoT3xVNRvoc-00035-00012183-00012485 Previously in another video, I mentioned some tips on how to drink more
AoT3xVNRvoc-00036-00012485-00012964 If I were to mention the one main tip to drinking more water- it’s using a straw!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00037-00012964-00013188 When you drink from a cup, you have to do this
AoT3xVNRvoc-00038-00013188-00013466 By lifting your head and the cup requires a lot of motion
AoT3xVNRvoc-00039-00013466-00013907 But a straw is relatively easier to drink from so the range of motion is very small
AoT3xVNRvoc-00040-00013907-00014202 You’ll be able to drink water much easily
AoT3xVNRvoc-00041-00014202-00014796 And even adding a slice of lemon or lemon juice 
AoT3xVNRvoc-00042-00014796-00015068 This can help brighten up your skin
AoT3xVNRvoc-00043-00015068-00015271 Secondly, dietary fiber
AoT3xVNRvoc-00044-00015271-00015902 In order for us to take care of dietary fibre and go to the washroom, we have to eat vegetables for at least one meal of the day
AoT3xVNRvoc-00045-00015902-00015984 Consistently!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00046-00015984-00016356 If you don’t take this into consideration separately, it’s easy to get deficient in vegetables
AoT3xVNRvoc-00047-00016356-00016861 There’s a very easy and low cost way to consume veggies
AoT3xVNRvoc-00048-00016861-00017549 When you look at your local grocer’s website, you’ll see there is a pack of salad that you can eat from one bag
AoT3xVNRvoc-00049-00017549-00018083 Having a bag of salad in your fridge, with some almonds and your favourite dressing
AoT3xVNRvoc-00050-00018083-00018466 You can have this salad as a part of one meal in your day
AoT3xVNRvoc-00051-00018466-00018968 Pour out the salad in a bowl with some almond slices and your preferred dressing
AoT3xVNRvoc-00052-00018968-00019539 When we buy salads it can cost around $5-$15 
AoT3xVNRvoc-00053-00019539-00020018 By following this method, you can easily consume veggies at a low price!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00054-00020018-00020245 Lastly the third is collagen
AoT3xVNRvoc-00055-00020245-00020685 Collagen is the protein that takes up 85-90% in the dermis
AoT3xVNRvoc-00056-00020685-00020902 It is a fibrous tissue that supports the skin
AoT3xVNRvoc-00057-00020902-00021356 Collagen is not only in skin but is apparent in the bone, hair, blood and everywhere else!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00058-00021356-00021750 After our twenties, the collagen in our bodies begin to decrease
AoT3xVNRvoc-00059-00021750-00022117 And it begins to decrease even further in our forties
AoT3xVNRvoc-00060-00022117-00022574 It’s actually important to intake collagen in our twenties
AoT3xVNRvoc-00061-00022574-00023033 I take care of my collagen levels with the Veganery collagen jelly
AoT3xVNRvoc-00062-00023033-00023753 We need to watch what we eat but Veganery is the inner beauty brand by the premium vegan brand, d’Alba
AoT3xVNRvoc-00063-00023753-00024320 Just like the premium vegan brand that d’Alba is, the Veganery collagen is 100% plant-based
AoT3xVNRvoc-00064-00024320-00024718 Above all, it tastes so much better than the fishy collagen from other brands
AoT3xVNRvoc-00065-00024718-00025123 It’s a jelly collagen that’s easier to consume than liquid or powder based collagen
AoT3xVNRvoc-00066-00025123-00025885 For each pouch, there’s 3270 mg of collagen which is the most amount of plant-based collagen in one serving in Korea
AoT3xVNRvoc-00067-00025885-00026443 With less than 500 dalton ultra-low collagen peptides
AoT3xVNRvoc-00068-00026443-00026951 It includes not just collagen but 120mg of hyaluronic acid and 5 different vitamins 
AoT3xVNRvoc-00069-00026951-00027333 With one pouch a day, it’ll be easy to care for your daily nutrition!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00070-00027333-00027831 By doing these 3 things everyday: drinking 2L of water, eating a salad and collagen intake
AoT3xVNRvoc-00071-00027831-00028114 Your skin can only get better!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00072-00028114-00028740 The Veganery collagen jelly is available in a refreshing orange or a sweet and sour shine muscat flavour 
AoT3xVNRvoc-00073-00028740-00029030 I personally like the shine muscat :)
AoT3xVNRvoc-00074-00029030-00029549 The shine muscat flavour is a 100% vegan collagen that contains organic hibiscus
AoT3xVNRvoc-00075-00029549-00029939 It’s not a strong flavour but an appropriate level of sweet and sour
AoT3xVNRvoc-00076-00029939-00030278 It’s great to eat as a snack after a meal!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00077-00030278-00030665 If you put it in the fridge or the freezer, it’s even better to eat when cold!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00078-00030665-00031077 These are the 3 tips that I personally do every day!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00079-00031077-00031521 The most important point to self-care is consistency
AoT3xVNRvoc-00080-00031521-00031933 The 3 tips I shared with you today are feasible to do consistently on a daily basis
AoT3xVNRvoc-00081-00031933-00032532 It’s a key list to do for great skin so I hope you can all try to do them!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00082-00032532-00032817 I’ll see you in the next video!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00083-00032817-00032942 Bye~!
AoT3xVNRvoc-00084-00033026-00033957 Event Timeline: April 17 - April 23 (Only 7 days) Total # of winners: 5  Winner Announcement: April 24th in a pinned comment and the Youtube community Deadline for participant information: September 28 Delivery Date: May (within a week)
A13EQ-nCrvU-00000-00000008-00000550 Your Natchez History Minute is brought to you by Natchez National Historical Park.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00001-00000608-00001170 Gerard Chittocque Brandon was born at Selma Plantation near Natchez on this day,
A13EQ-nCrvU-00002-00001170-00001388 September 15 in 1788.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00003-00001388-00002135 37 years later, he became the first Mississippi native to serve as the state’s governor.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00004-00002135-00002700 Brandon was educated at Princeton University and William and Mary College, served in the
A13EQ-nCrvU-00005-00002700-00003322 War of 1812, and became an attorney in Washington, Mississippi which was then the territorial
A13EQ-nCrvU-00006-00003322-00003478 capitol.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00007-00003478-00004029 After inheriting property in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, he left his law practice to become
A13EQ-nCrvU-00008-00004029-00004141 a planter.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00009-00004141-00004705 Gerard’s political career began when he became a representative from Wilkinson County
A13EQ-nCrvU-00010-00004705-00004986 in the Mississippi Territorial Assembly in 1815.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00011-00004986-00005832 He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1817 to help draft the charter for Mississippi
A13EQ-nCrvU-00012-00005832-00006039 to become a state.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00013-00006039-00006453 Serving in the Mississippi legislature, he was elected Speaker of the House of Representative
A13EQ-nCrvU-00014-00006453-00006578 and then Lieutenant Governor.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00015-00006578-00007018 At that time, all terms of office were only two years.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00016-00007018-00007513 Gerard Brandon became governor of the State of Mississippi for the first time upon the
A13EQ-nCrvU-00017-00007513-00007878 death of Governor Walter Leake who died in office.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00018-00007878-00008456 Then, Brandon was elected Lt. Governor for David Holmes’s second term but Holmes soon
A13EQ-nCrvU-00019-00008456-00008967 resigned because of failing health, leaving Brandon as Governor again.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00020-00008967-00009422 Following the end of this term, Gerard Brandon was twice elected the Governor in his own
A13EQ-nCrvU-00021-00009422-00009992 name and held the distinction of serving longer than any other governor prior to the Civil
A13EQ-nCrvU-00022-00009992-00010140 War.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00023-00010140-00010709 Brandon retired from politics and lived the rest of his life at his Wilkinson County plantation
A13EQ-nCrvU-00024-00010709-00011188 where he died in March, 1850 at the age of 61.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00025-00011188-00011693 Gerard Chittocque Brandon has many descendants who still live in Natchez.
A13EQ-nCrvU-00026-00011693-00012595 My name is Pat Brandon Dale and Gov. Gerard Chittocque Brandon is my great-great-grandfather and this has
A13EQ-nCrvU-00027-00012595-00012767 been your Natchez History Minute.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00000-00001016-00001272 Hello everyone and welcome to this new video,
A5fMe3vLR7M-00001-00001272-00001960 where we in the most easiest way possible will try to explain the Kurdish cause. This video is aimed
A5fMe3vLR7M-00002-00001960-00002544 for the audience that wants to learn more about the most basic foundations regarding the Kurds.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00003-00002544-00003016 If you have missed the first episode, what is Kurdistan. We highly recommend
A5fMe3vLR7M-00004-00003016-00003504 you to watch that video first. Link will be in the description box below.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00005-00003504-00003984 Before we start, don’t forget to hit the like button, comment your opinion down below and
A5fMe3vLR7M-00006-00003984-00004464 subscribe to the channel make sure that you don’t miss any further videos on this channel.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00007-00004464-00005056 Also, don’t forget to follow us on Instagram, where we publish updates, vlogs and interesting
A5fMe3vLR7M-00008-00005056-00005552 facts posts about Kurds and Kurdistan. Now, without further ado,
A5fMe3vLR7M-00009-00005552-00005984 let’s get into the video. So, who are the Kurds?
A5fMe3vLR7M-00010-00005984-00006504 The Kurdish people is like many other peoples around the world, a heterogenic people,
A5fMe3vLR7M-00011-00006504-00007031 meaning that there is influences from other ethnicities and cultures among Kurds.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00012-00007112-00007576 The reason for this is mainly that many different empires, kingdoms and
A5fMe3vLR7M-00013-00007576-00008272 dynasties throughout the years have left their influences in what today is known as Kurdistan.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00014-00008376-00009024 Many of these rulings has either been Kurdish, or basically had a big Kurdish influence.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00015-00009120-00009808 The Kurds are not related to either Arabs or Turks, but have some common backgrounds
A5fMe3vLR7M-00016-00009808-00010512 with Persians as they both origin from the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00017-00010512-00011160 The difference however lies in that Kurdish belongs to the north-western branch
A5fMe3vLR7M-00018-00011160-00011440 while Persian belongs to the south-western branch.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00019-00012000-00012656 One mistake that some Kurds do, and that the Pan-Iranian community tries to implement
A5fMe3vLR7M-00020-00012656-00013304 into the Kurdish belief, is that Kurds are Iranians, which is absolutely wrong.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00021-00013680-00014384 Being a heterogenic people, the Kurds origin from different ancient people such as the Qarduchi, the
A5fMe3vLR7M-00022-00014384-00015328 Medes, the Mittannis, The Guti and The Kyrtians. Some Kurds even have Armenians origins, since many
A5fMe3vLR7M-00023-00015328-00016056 Armenians assimilated themselves to become Kurds during the Ottoman Empires oppression against
A5fMe3vLR7M-00024-00016056-00016864 Christian Minorities. During the final days of the Ottoman Empire, many Kurds adopted Armenian Childs
A5fMe3vLR7M-00025-00016864-00017416 to save them from what in time would become known as the Armenian Genocide.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00026-00017904-00018608 Today, The Kurds are estimated to be around 40 million people. Some sources even claim
A5fMe3vLR7M-00027-00018608-00019368 around 50 million. The number variates, since many Kurds lives in a reality where “claiming a Turkish
A5fMe3vLR7M-00028-00019368-00020256 identity” makes the life of a Kurd much easier. Many Kurds in Rojhelat, Iranian occupied Kurdistan
A5fMe3vLR7M-00029-00020256-00021056 have been victims of Iranianization, an attempt to try make the Kurds forget about their identity.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00030-00021200-00022414 In the very same way, Kurds have been victims of Arabization in Bashur and Rojava and Turkification in Bakur.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00031-00022464-00022936 The Kurds have had and still have a clan-based separation
A5fMe3vLR7M-00032-00022936-00023544 among themselves. Even though, Kurds slowly moves away from these kind of structures,
A5fMe3vLR7M-00033-00023544-00024200 the clan-based structures among the Kurds still creates a problem for Kurdish unity today.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00034-00024304-00025136 Likewise, Kurds are divided into several other groups such as Zaza-Kurds, Ezedi-Kurds, Lur-Kurds,
A5fMe3vLR7M-00035-00025136-00025839 Feyli Kurds, Shabak-Kurds and several other minority groups. Of course, we will talk about
A5fMe3vLR7M-00036-00025839-00026456 each one of these groups in future videos. Throughout the years, the Kurds have created
A5fMe3vLR7M-00037-00026456-00027168 a reputation among the world, in one way as fearless fighters, defeating ISIS in modern time,
A5fMe3vLR7M-00038-00027168-00027839 and fighting regimes as Saddam and the. Turkish and Iranian states, while also being very good
A5fMe3vLR7M-00039-00027839-00028592 hearted and friendly toward those who wish to explore Kurdish culture and their way of life.
A5fMe3vLR7M-00040-00028744-00029439 I hope you all enjoyed episode 2 of this series. If you did and if you want episode 3
A5fMe3vLR7M-00041-00029439-00029952 soon on the channel, be sure to hit the like button, comment your opinion down below and
A5fMe3vLR7M-00042-00029952-00030983 subscirbe to the channel, make sure that you don’t miss any further videos on this channel.