4OEidRYQCVo-00000-00001880-00002592 this receiver just picked something up uh what what thingy what now i found a device that picks 4OEidRYQCVo-00001-00002592-00003128 up frequencies it's how i found the reports last night and it's going off now it just picked up a 4OEidRYQCVo-00002-00003128-00003968 free frequency yeah what could it be i don't know you gotta find out all right i'm on my way now 4OEidRYQCVo-00003-00004144-00004768 you know what i just picked up uh no a fifth of major bueno tequila from the creek 4OEidRYQCVo-00004-00004848-00006264 are you drunk no i am getting drunk good plan i'm a good planner 4OEidRYQCVo-00005-00006464-00007008 my thinking is i could stay up all night worried i'm gonna lose my job because of the side fire 4OEidRYQCVo-00006-00007008-00007464 or i could not worry and let the chips fall where they may 4OEidRYQCVo-00007-00007464-00008040 it's not like there's any proof we were down there my thinking is i'm gonna follow this wave receiver 4OEidRYQCVo-00008-00008152-00008944 oh i like it when you think hey yay i'll just leave you alone with whatever these thoughts are 4OEidRYQCVo-00009-00009008-00009984 last thing i need is another big crossword breakthrough 4OEidRYQCVo-00010-00010680-00011384 so 4OEidRYQCVo-00011-00013216-00014184 [ __ ] what 4OEidRYQCVo-00012-00015184-00015608 dee i i found some sort of supply bag light camping gear some clothes 4OEidRYQCVo-00013-00015608-00015991 and basics but it was alarmed i think that's what was making the receiver go haywire 4OEidRYQCVo-00014-00016088-00016728 you're okay it's not a trap or anything yeah i'm fine but there's there's also a set of keys here 4OEidRYQCVo-00015-00016792-00017208 i don't know why they'd be hidden out here they say shoshone national forest cave 452 4OEidRYQCVo-00016-00017288-00018072 is that the one in the canyon yeah it is who the hell took them and what the hell is in that 4OEidRYQCVo-00017-00018072-00018704 cave okay okay let's just think says the woman with a half a bottle of tequila in her belly 4OEidRYQCVo-00018-00018776-00019208 maybe they're panicking and we're preparing to beat it the fire hasn't spooked and we 4OEidRYQCVo-00019-00019208-00019648 have new walkie-talkies so we have the upper hand yeah well it's hard to feel like you 4OEidRYQCVo-00020-00019648-00019936 have the upper hand when you're standing in the dark in the middle of the woods 4OEidRYQCVo-00021-00020040-00020744 how well you're back in your tower maybe you need a drink too i'm not in my tower i 4OEidRYQCVo-00022-00020744-00022584 am looking at a man standing in your lookout and it's not you it is not me oh my god go i'm going 4OEidRYQCVo-00023-00025072-00025384 uh 4OEidRYQCVo-00024-00026520-00026783 uh 4OEidRYQCVo-00025-00027920-00028200 i don't see anyone up here she was just 4OEidRYQCVo-00026-00028200-00029583 there 4OEidRYQCVo-00027-00030895-00030983 okay 4OEidRYQCVo-00028-00031272-00031920 it's a tape of us talking down at the site it sounds like it was recorded from somewhere nearby 4OEidRYQCVo-00029-00032032-00032912 oh jesus yeah and it sounds like we were the ones who burned it down and that it was your idea 4OEidRYQCVo-00030-00033040-00033336 no we are screwed no 4OEidRYQCVo-00031-00033552-00035184 dee just don't freak out okay don't freak out oh my god what the [ __ ] is happening henry 4OEidRYQCVo-00032-00036480-00036584 down 4OEidRYQCVo-00033-00037840-00038320 someone claiming to be henry in two forks called to look out in another sector early this morning 4OEidRYQCVo-00034-00038320-00039040 and said that i knew what caused the wapiti meadow fire um so i just got off the horn 4OEidRYQCVo-00035-00039040-00039616 with that lookout who's wondering what i know or that i'm an arsonist or that i'm [ __ ] losing it 4OEidRYQCVo-00036-00039688-00040056 furthermore i bet you don't have the only tape of us from last night so 4OEidRYQCVo-00037-00040056-00040696 someone has evidence to back it up we need to find out what someone's been keeping in that cave 4OEidRYQCVo-00038-00040752-00041144 i'm going down there now we don't have a lot of time left out here and if we don't 4OEidRYQCVo-00039-00041144-00041584 find some [ __ ] answers when they left us out of here it's gonna be in handcuffs 4OEidRYQCVo-00040-00042136-00042544 we just we have to stick together okay keep our story straight from the first 4OEidRYQCVo-00041-00042544-00043000 day with those girls to the person breaking in on our conversation everything we just 4OEidRYQCVo-00042-00043000-00043584 we got to be honest and consistent yeah i suppose you're right i know 4OEidRYQCVo-00043-00049880-00050000 hey you 4OEidRYQCVo-00044-00050232-00050920 you didn't actually make that call right to the other lookout it just stuck in my craw i let 4OEidRYQCVo-00045-00050920-00051416 myself imagine how [ __ ] i would be if you'd been lying to me but now that i asked i kind of just 4OEidRYQCVo-00046-00051416-00052472 wish i hadn't of course i didn't no way they're just they're trying to pit us against each other 4OEidRYQCVo-00047-00052600-00053384 yeah yeah you're right that's not gonna happen though thanks henry 4OEidRYQCVo-00048-00055600-00057584 what the hell yes yes 4OEidRYQCVo-00049-00058976-00059064 freezing in here 4OEidRYQCVo-00050-00060079-00060384 is anybody down there 4OEidRYQCVo-00051-00060616-00061800 huh 4OEidRYQCVo-00052-00061800-00063184 uh 4OEidRYQCVo-00053-00063448-00063976 hey hey are you there yeah what is it what did you find nothing yet because someone tried to 4OEidRYQCVo-00054-00063976-00064616 trap me in there you saw someone no someone slammed the gate behind me and then ran away 4OEidRYQCVo-00055-00064616-00065176 i found another way out but if i hadn't jesus so so you didn't find anything no 4OEidRYQCVo-00056-00065264-00065752 there's a spot where someone had sunk an anchor but the hardware is gone now delilah i just 4OEidRYQCVo-00057-00065752-00066384 found an outcropping that someone was using as a little fort i think it was brian goodwin really 4OEidRYQCVo-00058-00066456-00067384 yeah he built himself a real castle i found an old school folder brian was a hell of a doodler 4OEidRYQCVo-00059-00067600-00068256 he'd hide out here to read comics the black band his grief is his enemy's sorrow everyone this 4OEidRYQCVo-00060-00068256-00068824 guy loves gets killed so he honors them with a black armband which gives him superpowers 4OEidRYQCVo-00061-00068920-00069456 a bunch of rocks stacked up he made a wall and a perimeter he was in the middle of really sprucing 4OEidRYQCVo-00062-00069456-00069928 up the joint when they left it's a little weird that he'd just leave so much of his stuff out here 4OEidRYQCVo-00063-00070016-00070544 well maybe they were in a hurry when they left like i said he wasn't supposed to be out here yeah 4OEidRYQCVo-00064-00070640-00071256 i they almost got busted brian like to go out on the railing of the tower and wave at the 4OEidRYQCVo-00065-00071256-00071920 planes that dump water on fires and i got a call because someone thought a kid was up in two forks 4OEidRYQCVo-00066-00072032-00072632 i lied and just said it was ned if i ratted him out they would have been forced to leave and 4OEidRYQCVo-00067-00072768-00073144 i don't know i guess i just felt like i was saving him from whatever shitty life ned was going 4OEidRYQCVo-00068-00073144-00073880 to bring him back to there's some grade a dork contraband here you found his pocket protector i 4OEidRYQCVo-00069-00073880-00075784 found a uh i guess a data sheet for one gladius silva half elf armor seven classic wizards 4OEidRYQCVo-00070-00078136-00078624 there's a busted old toy out here some sort of electronic game yeah 4OEidRYQCVo-00071-00078704-00079224 i like pong everybody likes pong gosh brian had everything he loved out 4OEidRYQCVo-00072-00079224-00079984 there 4OEidRYQCVo-00073-00085288-00085584 huh 4OEidRYQCVo-00074-00088992-00089784 so 4OEidRYQCVo-00075-00090440-00091184 so 4OEidRYQCVo-00076-00092192-00092584 okay 4OEidRYQCVo-00077-00093432-00093984 uh 4OEidRYQCVo-00078-00094344-00094456 what do you think is in there 4OEidRYQCVo-00079-00094808-00095352 there's got to be something why else try to kill me i don't know really i mean we got to find out 4OEidRYQCVo-00080-00095352-00095920 what do you think whatever it is they don't want you telling anyone about they closed the 4OEidRYQCVo-00081-00095920-00096448 door when they could have just bashed your head in with a rock or chopped you up with a are you 4OEidRYQCVo-00082-00096448-00096944 serious with this [ __ ] right now uh a hatchet god are you sure you want to go back in there 4OEidRYQCVo-00083-00097208-00097776 yeah especially now that i'm thinking about all the fun ways to be killed i'm sorry at least 4OEidRYQCVo-00084-00097776-00098224 whoever locked you in doesn't know you've gotten out hopefully you find whatever they're hiding 4OEidRYQCVo-00085-00098224-00100248 in there and it'll be worth the risk oh uh also those girls turned up looks like he didn't kill 4OEidRYQCVo-00086-00100248-00100984 him nobody did they took some farmer's tractor for a joyride down in riverton and uh landed in jail 4OEidRYQCVo-00087-00101624-00102384 ah dodged a bullet there yeah you've got enough unanswered [ __ ] to answer for i'd say 4OEidRYQCVo-00088-00105064-00105183 huh 4OEidRYQCVo-00089-00110528-00112183 ah [ __ ] are you oh god you're brian goodwin you fell 4OEidRYQCVo-00090-00112664-00113583 stuff give out poor [ __ ] kid 4OEidRYQCVo-00091-00117248-00117783 uh 4OEidRYQCVo-00092-00119224-00120583 huh 4OEidRYQCVo-00093-00121335-00121983 uh 4OEidRYQCVo-00094-00122528-00123672 hey d there you are i've been worrying my ass off hey you um might want to take a seat 4OEidRYQCVo-00095-00123752-00124359 i've been sitting this entire time i'm almost always sitting what's what's wrong the 4OEidRYQCVo-00096-00124432-00124696 only thing in the cave was a body a 4OEidRYQCVo-00097-00125304-00125400 it's brian goodwin 4OEidRYQCVo-00098-00125768-00126272 gotta be [ __ ] kidding me how does that what i don't 4OEidRYQCVo-00099-00126520-00127583 how climbing i think or made to look like a climbing accident 4OEidRYQCVo-00100-00127664-00128032 i think that's just what it was i mean he was probably exploring the cave and and 4OEidRYQCVo-00101-00128032-00128448 maybe his rope gave out but whoever locked me in there probably didn't even know about him 4OEidRYQCVo-00102-00128888-00129256 what do we do now dee i mean are you okay 4OEidRYQCVo-00103-00129383-00129792 no i'm not he'd be alive if i told someone he was out here 4OEidRYQCVo-00104-00129880-00130383 i don't know where he'd be but i can assure you it would not be rotting at the bottom of that cave 4OEidRYQCVo-00105-00130559-00131712 there's there's there's nothing to say to hike back i think we're leaving tomorrow anyway 4QsI9qvKqSU-00000-00000060-00000478 Did you ever asked how our Seba records his music videos? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00001-00000482-00000732 well, today we're answering all your questions! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00002-00000732-00000977 and you can't miss this Backstage of the Alive video 4QsI9qvKqSU-00003-00000977-00001318 where he will pass through gates, he will get lost in the wood, 4QsI9qvKqSU-00004-00001318-00001800 and he walking with the camera, like the one in Project Zero. 4QsI9qvKqSU-00005-00002574-00002860 Hello guys and I welcome you to my new video! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00006-00002860-00003032 we are at coffee cone! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00007-00003032-00003410 finally all clients did walk away, because it's like the third video that I do 4QsI9qvKqSU-00008-00003410-00003610 and they kind of get bored of me... 4QsI9qvKqSU-00009-00003732-00004046 today I wanted to speak about the video of Alive 4QsI9qvKqSU-00010-00004052-00004322 I shooted it like a couple of days ago, and it will be amazing 4QsI9qvKqSU-00011-00004324-00004660 always with Fabio and Rocco, they also did my On the Run video 4QsI9qvKqSU-00012-00004666-00004988 and also with Audiospettro, they also sang on On the Run, 4QsI9qvKqSU-00013-00004988-00005152 so basically we took the same cast 4QsI9qvKqSU-00014-00005152-00005396 because we have less money, but good friends! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00015-00005466-00005666 I had the obscura camera 4QsI9qvKqSU-00016-00005668-00006072 I had that camera also in my Q&A 1000 Special, so maybe you saw that 4QsI9qvKqSU-00017-00006072-00006260 we entered there and we shooted the video. 4QsI9qvKqSU-00018-00006264-00006523 I was really happy, I had the feeling of beeing in a videogame 4QsI9qvKqSU-00019-00006523-00006772 it was really cool and everybody was kind to me 4QsI9qvKqSU-00020-00006772-00007326 this video is funny, because there will be some scenes, shooted at "Maso Toresella" 4QsI9qvKqSU-00021-00007326-00007790 a beautiful castle and we shooted there some scenes also with Aki and Joey this summer 4QsI9qvKqSU-00022-00007790-00008031 then we shooted at the "Pergine" castle 4QsI9qvKqSU-00023-00008034-00008350 and it's also a nearby castle, where I also played the piano 4QsI9qvKqSU-00024-00008366-00008972 so, yes we shooted like these scenes all in 3 days. 4QsI9qvKqSU-00025-00009070-00009836 They shooted like another day, without me, so, for this video we spent like 4 days of shooting. 4QsI9qvKqSU-00026-00009836-00010016 That means that our Budget is increasing! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00027-00010098-00010562 I think it would be an amazing video! and above that we have also the support of Makoto 4QsI9qvKqSU-00028-00010562-00010886 he is the creator of Project Zero (Fatal Frame) 4QsI9qvKqSU-00029-00010910-00011110 he already saw my camera on Twitter 4QsI9qvKqSU-00030-00011110-00011438 and he said to me that it's the same camera as they used in the movie 4QsI9qvKqSU-00031-00011442-00011818 so, he's also very excited to see the video 4QsI9qvKqSU-00032-00011824-00012308 I want to put it out at the end of november (^^maybe on christmas!) 4QsI9qvKqSU-00033-00012308-00012888 I hope that after this backstage video, we can put the final musicvideo on YT! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00034-00012894-00013438 Then I want to put some digital things on, that Max Rambaldi is creating 4QsI9qvKqSU-00035-00013447-00013718 and other things... 4QsI9qvKqSU-00036-00013744-00013944 so, it will be a collaboration with more people 4QsI9qvKqSU-00037-00013944-00014088 the Make-up 4QsI9qvKqSU-00038-00014091-00014578 that is made in most close up scenes at the Pergine castle 4QsI9qvKqSU-00039-00014580-00014924 is made by Annalisa, a monderful Make-up artist from Trento 4QsI9qvKqSU-00040-00014926-00015452 she also did the make-up for On the Run 4QsI9qvKqSU-00041-00015454-00015763 she did the make-up 3 days straight and she's really good! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00042-00015763-00016122 go and get my album and download my Alive song 4QsI9qvKqSU-00043-00016128-00017276 it's a song that talks about us, how we approach to the world, and also if we want to die 4QsI9qvKqSU-00044-00017280-00017722 you know when you think that something went well, but then it like disappeard in a blink of an eye 4QsI9qvKqSU-00045-00017788-00017988 like everything is gone 4QsI9qvKqSU-00046-00017994-00018548 that's the exact point where I personally think that we need to stand up and realise that we are still alive 4QsI9qvKqSU-00047-00018554-00019082 and that we will have the power to react to all bad things in life 4QsI9qvKqSU-00048-00019082-00019706 and that's in my opinion the most important thing and that's the message that I wanted to transmit with this song - the refrain is like: 4QsI9qvKqSU-00049-00020022-00020222 so there is this strong message 4QsI9qvKqSU-00050-00020224-00020744 I need to say that during my life there where moments where I didn't wanted to model anymore, 4QsI9qvKqSU-00051-00020746-00021004 I didn't wanted to do music anymore, I wanted to go away from Japan 4QsI9qvKqSU-00052-00021008-00021208 I often had those moments 4QsI9qvKqSU-00053-00021212-00021486 but, also when the things didn't go out well 4QsI9qvKqSU-00054-00021496-00021740 I found this power that helped me a lot 4QsI9qvKqSU-00055-00021744-00022140 so, this song is dedicated to this power that I found in me 4QsI9qvKqSU-00056-00022140-00022298 I spent a lot of time in doing this video, 4QsI9qvKqSU-00057-00022300-00022566 because it's a song that I feel very close 4QsI9qvKqSU-00058-00022566-00022942 so, I wanted that also the video would transmit this feeling 4QsI9qvKqSU-00059-00022942-00023138 well, now they're editing it 4QsI9qvKqSU-00060-00023138-00023290 but it seems really promising 4QsI9qvKqSU-00061-00023292-00023684 and I'm sure that all the people that are involved, especially Robbo and Fabio, 4QsI9qvKqSU-00062-00023684-00023876 will do a fantastic job! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00063-00023882-00024100 so, I can't wait to show you the result! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00064-00024104-00024336 thank you so much for watching this video 4QsI9qvKqSU-00065-00024340-00024540 See you next time! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00066-00024540-00024830 If you have any questions, leave a comment down here 4QsI9qvKqSU-00067-00024830-00025310 Thank you so much, see you tomorrow always at 2pm (GMT+1) share this video ! CIAO 4QsI9qvKqSU-00068-00025726-00026158 Hi guys! Goodmorning! Today I'm really sleepy 4QsI9qvKqSU-00069-00026162-00026436 but today we are going to shoot the new video! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00070-00026439-00026695 so, since they're going to pick me up in 3 minutes, 4QsI9qvKqSU-00071-00026700-00026976 this video will be more random than usual 4QsI9qvKqSU-00072-00026980-00027214 whatever, now I'm drinking my coffee 4QsI9qvKqSU-00073-00027224-00027477 then I will go to this psychiatric hospital to shoot... 4QsI9qvKqSU-00074-00027477-00027726 where's the milk? ...here 4QsI9qvKqSU-00075-00027742-00028089 I will shoot at this psychiatric hospital and let's see how it will be! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00076-00028100-00028504 I also wanted to let you know that we arrived at 200 subscribers also at my Katsu channel! (now 1000) 4QsI9qvKqSU-00077-00028508-00028708 and I'm really pleased! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00078-00028710-00029142 I also wanted to thank Lilletta for her review on my MV On the Run 4QsI9qvKqSU-00079-00029142-00029724 you can find her on youtube, she does fantastic reviews. I adore her and her boyfriend! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00080-00029724-00029889 I've met them in Tokyo 4QsI9qvKqSU-00081-00029898-00030139 and I thank them for these beautiful videos! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00082-00030638-00030838 Goodmorning Ivan from Audiospettro! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00083-00031106-00031432 ok, now after some proteins, I'm ready to start! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00084-00031432-00031570 Ivan where are you going? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00085-00031570-00031742 cutting hair! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00086-00031752-00032026 good, at Modart! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00087-00032026-00032148 they opened just for us! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00088-00033086-00033136 good 4QsI9qvKqSU-00089-00033274-00033362 we're in Rovereto 4QsI9qvKqSU-00090-00033372-00033626 the city of joy and pain 4QsI9qvKqSU-00091-00033626-00033766 -why joy? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00092-00033766-00034020 I don't now a lot of pain! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00093-00034026-00034320 you need to know that Rovereto is famous! there is the Mart (museum) - lol^^ 4QsI9qvKqSU-00094-00034668-00035022 what the hell! I was sitting there! I could have died! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00095-00035052-00035252 -come on you will die famous! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00096-00035266-00035624 no I will die and that's it! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00097-00035642-00036326 this is really a risky video! Corrado this could be your last video! -exactly! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00098-00036662-00037336 - do you know what Seba does? he rents houses where other people did die inside in Japan 4QsI9qvKqSU-00099-00037336-00037522 and then I'm putting them on Airb'n'b 4QsI9qvKqSU-00100-00037604-00037804 - really? how cool! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00101-00037810-00038186 well, there are also some in Italy, they cost less 4QsI9qvKqSU-00102-00038194-00038688 in Japan there is a law, where they need to say if somebody did die in the house 4QsI9qvKqSU-00103-00038718-00038918 - ah yes, it's the same here also in Italy! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00104-00039014-00039214 will it bother you? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00105-00039428-00039516 - well it depends on how... 4QsI9qvKqSU-00106-00039516-00039632 he killed himself! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00107-00039850-00040020 whatever, isn't this a nice place? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00108-00040026-00040268 we're actually in an old school, no psychiatric hospital! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00109-00040276-00040554 all the children that studied here, are dead now 4QsI9qvKqSU-00110-00040562-00040816 something didn't go well here 4QsI9qvKqSU-00111-00040900-00041138 these are the last writings that they did 4QsI9qvKqSU-00112-00041138-00041546 there are some broken glasses, but we have shoes on, so it's fine! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00113-00041546-00041776 Welcome to my beautiful house! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00114-00041794-00042116 this is what happens if you do self-management! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00115-00042282-00042524 I'm sure that they self-managed it! look at it now! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00116-00042726-00042864 we do the make-up! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00117-00043796-00044026 I'm sitting on it, for my singing part of Alive 4QsI9qvKqSU-00118-00044640-00045146 I'm showing you a piece of the shooting of Audiospettro 4QsI9qvKqSU-00119-00048808-00049154 this part is... - the school canteen, I think! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00120-00049154-00049326 really? oh God! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00121-00049336-00049584 OMG what will come out now?! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00122-00049590-00049822 there is a smell of dead! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00123-00050074-00050274 ah! a modern item 4QsI9qvKqSU-00124-00050274-00050466 someone was here recently! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00125-00050968-00051404 Oh well, if something jumps out my hair will get gray! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00126-00051404-00051562 I have the camera obscura 4QsI9qvKqSU-00127-00051586-00051988 with whom I can take all ghosts if they jump out! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00128-00052955-00053166 am I taking the photographic easel!? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00129-00053354-00053444 there is a pullin air! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00130-00053579-00053970 - here you are a little bit against the light, but ok... 4QsI9qvKqSU-00131-00053988-00054238 do you like this place Corrado? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00132-00054248-00054479 why are they ruining it with these writings? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00133-00054504-00054758 Corrado do you want to greet the people from home? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00134-00054758-00054940 - I greet all friends from Tokyo! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00135-00055012-00055496 actually this is for my italian channel! -really? Yes, I'm not putting it on my main channel! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00136-00055508-00055964 I dont' know yet on which channel I will upload it... 4QsI9qvKqSU-00137-00055964-00056074 did you subscribe? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00138-00056079-00056391 -yes, on the Sebastiano a Katsu channel! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00139-00056391-00056679 Martina do you want to say how it was to do Corrado's make-up? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00140-00056696-00057246 - well it was a unique experience! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00141-00057250-00057478 look at how beautiful Corrado is! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00142-00057482-00057666 - may I? 4QsI9qvKqSU-00143-00057694-00057894 this one is Robbo! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00144-00057894-00058066 he is dressed and ready for ski 4QsI9qvKqSU-00145-00058179-00058388 - I understood monkey! (in italian scimmia^^) 4QsI9qvKqSU-00146-00063255-00063667 we leave like this, this hounted school! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00147-00063858-00064324 this is like the fourth time that I try to do this video! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00148-00064348-00064605 I'm in the car with Audiospettro and I do this post-video! 4QsI9qvKqSU-00149-00064655-00064855 Hello from Corrado and Niccolò 4QsI9qvKqSU-00150-00064979-00065179 nooo - Nicola! hahah 4QsI9qvKqSU-00151-00065232-00065432 today we shoot a beautiful video 4QsI9qvKqSU-00152-00065452-00065652 in this beautiful location 4QsI9qvKqSU-00153-00065722-00065852 - it's great! 4SD80tM1A4g-00000-00000110-00000231 Hello, I'm Audrey Tang. 4SD80tM1A4g-00001-00000231-00000687 I'm really happy to be here to share with you some thoughts around how Taiwan countered 4SD80tM1A4g-00002-00000687-00001201 the coronavirus using the power of digital social innovation. 4SD80tM1A4g-00003-00001201-00001694 Social innovation, that is to say people who participate from all walks of life in order 4SD80tM1A4g-00004-00001694-00002239 to publicly benefit the society, is the cornerstone of Taiwan's collective intelligence 4SD80tM1A4g-00005-00002239-00002508 response system, and it's really fast. 4SD80tM1A4g-00006-00002508-00002983 Whereas many jurisdictions began countering coronavirus only this year, Taiwan started 4SD80tM1A4g-00007-00002983-00003515 last year. Last December, when Dr. Li Wenliang — the PRC whistleblower — posted that 4SD80tM1A4g-00008-00003515-00003701 there are new SARS cases. 4SD80tM1A4g-00009-00003701-00004271 He got inquiries and eventually punishments from his local police institutions, but at 4SD80tM1A4g-00010-00004271-00004851 the same time the Taiwan equivalent of reddit, the PTT board has somebody with the name "nomorepipe" 4SD80tM1A4g-00011-00004851-00005160 reposting Dr. Li Wenliang's whistleblowing. 4SD80tM1A4g-00012-00005160-00005676 Instead of facing discipline, the head of the CDC immediately noticed this post and 4SD80tM1A4g-00013-00005676-00006157 issued a order that says that all passengers flying from Wuhan to Taiwan need to start 4SD80tM1A4g-00014-00006157-00006568 health inspections the very next day -- the first day of 2020. 4SD80tM1A4g-00015-00006568-00006672 This says two things. 4SD80tM1A4g-00016-00006672-00007239 First, the civil society trust the government enough to talk about possible new SARS outbreaks 4SD80tM1A4g-00017-00007239-00007707 in a public forum, and that the government trusts the citizens enough to take it seriously 4SD80tM1A4g-00018-00007707-00008140 and treat it as if SARS has happened again, something we've always been preparing since 4SD80tM1A4g-00019-00008140-00008309 2003. 4SD80tM1A4g-00020-00008309-00008768 Because of this open civil society -- according to the CIVICUS Monitor, Taiwan is the most 4SD80tM1A4g-00021-00008768-00009339 open society in the whole of Asia -- we enjoy the same freedom of speech, the same freedom 4SD80tM1A4g-00022-00009339-00009771 of assembly, of the press and so on, as other liberal democratic countries, but with the 4SD80tM1A4g-00023-00009771-00010288 emphasis on keeping an open mind to new, novel ideas from the society. 4SD80tM1A4g-00024-00010288-00010639 This is why our schools and businesses still remain open today. 4SD80tM1A4g-00025-00010639-00011202 For example, every day our central epidemic command center (CECC) holds a press conference 4SD80tM1A4g-00026-00011202-00011309 which is livestreamed. 4SD80tM1A4g-00027-00011309-00011675 We work with the journalist community, they answer all the questions from the journalists 4SD80tM1A4g-00028-00011675-00011907 which is also live streamed. 4SD80tM1A4g-00029-00011907-00012374 Because of this, whenever there's new ideas coming from the civil society, anyone can 4SD80tM1A4g-00030-00012374-00012844 pick their phone and call 1922 and tell that idea to the CECC. 4SD80tM1A4g-00031-00012844-00013383 For example, there was one day in April that a young boy that said they don't want to go 4SD80tM1A4g-00032-00013383-00013883 to school because their schoolmates may laugh at him for wearing a pink medical mask. 4SD80tM1A4g-00033-00013883-00014329 The very next day, everybody in the CECC press conference started wearing pink medical masks, 4SD80tM1A4g-00034-00014329-00014790 making sure that everybody learns about gender mainstreaming, which is again a social innovation. 4SD80tM1A4g-00035-00014790-00015225 This kind of fast response builds trust between the government and the civil society. 4SD80tM1A4g-00036-00015225-00015394 Another focus is fairness. 4SD80tM1A4g-00037-00015394-00015878 For example, when we ramped up the facial mask production, making sure that everybody 4SD80tM1A4g-00038-00015878-00016327 can use their national health insurance card to collect masks from nearby pharmacies, fairness 4SD80tM1A4g-00039-00016327-00016499 is the guiding principle. 4SD80tM1A4g-00040-00016499-00016950 Not only do we publish the stock levels of all the pharmacies, we actually publish it 4SD80tM1A4g-00041-00016950-00017080 every 3 minutes. 4SD80tM1A4g-00042-00017080-00017697 That's why g0v and many community contributors built more than 130 tools that enables people 4SD80tM1A4g-00043-00017697-00018183 who prefer viewing maps or people with blindness who prefer to hear from voice assistants as 4SD80tM1A4g-00044-00018183-00018600 well as people who are using the chatbots -- like the LINE platform which is very popular 4SD80tM1A4g-00045-00018600-00019070 -- all of them can get the same inclusive access to the information about which pharmacist 4SD80tM1A4g-00046-00019070-00019276 near them still have masks. 4SD80tM1A4g-00047-00019276-00019829 Because Taiwan has more than 99.9% of health coverage, people who show any symptom will 4SD80tM1A4g-00048-00019829-00020337 then be able to take medical masks, go to a local clinic, knowing that they will get treated 4SD80tM1A4g-00049-00020337-00020640 fairly and without incurring any financial burden. 4SD80tM1A4g-00050-00020640-00021241 This also enabled people to make dashboards that lets people see that our supply is indeed 4SD80tM1A4g-00051-00021241-00021744 growing, that we now can collect -- if you're an adult -- 9 facial mask every 2 weeks, 4SD80tM1A4g-00052-00021744-00021897 or 10 if you are a child. 4SD80tM1A4g-00053-00021897-00022459 This also shows us where in Taiwan do we have oversupply or under supply and we change with 4SD80tM1A4g-00054-00022459-00023003 the pharmacies, based on the real feedback of the pharmacists so that their received 4SD80tM1A4g-00055-00023003-00023576 supplies as well as the ordering system is also co-created with the whole of society. 4SD80tM1A4g-00056-00023576-00023982 Based on this analysis, as you can see our premier smiling happily here, that is because 4SD80tM1A4g-00057-00023982-00024444 we started working with convenience stores that can take the same NHI card to go there 4SD80tM1A4g-00058-00024444-00024810 and collect your mask anytime, 24 hours a day. 4SD80tM1A4g-00059-00024810-00025188 Because there's many people working in municipalities that have a longer working hour than pharmacists 4SD80tM1A4g-00060-00025188-00025670 and so before when we only rationed through pharmacies, they could miss the mask collection 4SD80tM1A4g-00061-00025670-00025939 simply because they worked too late in the day. 4SD80tM1A4g-00062-00025939-00026120 So we ensure fairness of all kinds. 4SD80tM1A4g-00063-00026120-00026570 Finally, I would like to stress that because this is a stressful time, people feel anxious, 4SD80tM1A4g-00064-00026570-00026907 there's a lot of panic buying, a lot of conspiracy theories. 4SD80tM1A4g-00065-00026907-00027350 In Taiwan, our counter disinformation strategy is based on the idea of "humor over rumor." 4SD80tM1A4g-00066-00027350-00027820 When there is the panic buying of tissue papers, there was a rumor that says it's the same material 4SD80tM1A4g-00067-00027820-00028062 as facial masks and there was panic buying. 4SD80tM1A4g-00068-00028062-00028583 The same premier smiling in the previous slide now shows his bottom and says -- in a very 4SD80tM1A4g-00069-00028583-00029095 large print -- that we only have one pair of buttocks each, meaning that we don't need 4SD80tM1A4g-00070-00029095-00029281 to panic buy tissue papers. 4SD80tM1A4g-00071-00029281-00029654 It then shows a very clear table saying that facial masks are produced using Taiwanese 4SD80tM1A4g-00072-00029654-00030068 materials and the tissue paper are produced using South American materials. 4SD80tM1A4g-00073-00030068-00030516 This went absolutely viral and because of that, the panic buying of tissue papers died 4SD80tM1A4g-00074-00030516-00030700 down within a day or two. 4SD80tM1A4g-00075-00030700-00031052 Finally, we found out that person who spread the rumor at the first place was a tissue 4SD80tM1A4g-00076-00031052-00031174 paper reseller. 4SD80tM1A4g-00077-00031174-00031577 This is not just a single-shot point in the social media. 4SD80tM1A4g-00078-00031577-00032058 Every single CECC daily press conference gets translated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare 4SD80tM1A4g-00079-00032058-00032788 spokesdog or 總柴 the "Doge CEO", that translated social distancing, hand sanitation rules, 4SD80tM1A4g-00080-00032788-00033361 remembering to pay your pre-orders and so on, all into very cute dog memes. 4SD80tM1A4g-00081-00033361-00033855 Because this goes viral, we make sure that our humor, our factual humor, spreads faster 4SD80tM1A4g-00082-00033855-00033980 than rumor. 4SD80tM1A4g-00083-00033980-00034428 This is how we make sure that Taiwanese people still feel calm and collected even during 4SD80tM1A4g-00084-00034428-00034624 the pandemic. 4SD80tM1A4g-00085-00034624-00034956 I only have five minutes, and this is all I can contribute within five minutes, but 4SD80tM1A4g-00086-00034956-00035337 please feel free to read more here: TaiwanCanHelp.us 4SD80tM1A4g-00087-00035337-00035401 Thank you for listening. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00000-00000100-00000700 Hello. Many devices have been released recently, making it an exciting time. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00001-00000700-00001150 For example, and this is the real thing, last week the iPad was released. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00002-00001200-00001500 The iPad, of which this is a real example, seems to be very popular. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00003-00001500-00001800 Best not to look too closely at that. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00004-00001800-00002200 However, there is some not-so-good news. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00005-00002200-00002900 Last month, it was announced that sales of the Palm Pre are not as good as expected. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00006-00002900-00003650 I'm not sure what will happen to Palm but I personally will be sad if they don't succeed. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00007-00003700-00004500 One of the reasons is that the first PDA I owned was this Palm M130, released in 2000. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00008-00004600-00005500 At the time it was very modern with a colour screen, easy to use and extremely popular. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00009-00005600-00005750 Well, relatively popular. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00010-00005800-00006550 By the way, there's a browser available so if you can connect it to the internet, obviously you can surf the web. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00011-00006600-00007400 However, from a developer's point of view, applications made for this device now have very few users. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00012-00007450-00007700 It must be getting close to zero. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00013-00007800-00008050 Next, I upgraded to this. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00014-00008100-00008550 This is an HP iPaq running Windows Mobile 2003. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00015-00008600-00009550 Naturally it has a browser so if you put a Wi-fi card in this SD slot, even now you can surf the web. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00016-00009600-00009950 But, I haven't upgraded the OS. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00017-00010000-00010300 I didn't want to pay the license fee. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00018-00010350-00010500 I'm stingy, aren't I! 4UwCgFO5mAE-00019-00010550-00011000 So there's nothing I can do if I want to use the latest mobile applications. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00020-00011050-00011250 They can't be installed. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00021-00011250-00012100 From a developer's point of view, applications made for this Windows Mobile 2003 device now have few users. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00022-00012200-00012600 Next, we have the currently very popular iPhone. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00023-00012700-00013250 The iPhone and iPad app store has a large number of apps. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00024-00013300-00013600 However, from what I've heard, 4UwCgFO5mAE-00025-00013600-00014250 apps made for the iPhone are not very attractive on the iPad. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00026-00014300-00014750 Apparently it's much better to install apps designed for the iPad. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00027-00014800-00015800 From a developer's point of view, applications made for the iPhone should be updated for iPad users. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00028-00015950-00016850 All of these devices have a browser, so naturally you can view web pages with any of these devices. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00029-00016950-00017550 Returning to the Palm Pre, it uses a different platform. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00030-00017600-00018100 What separates it from these devices is that it's based on web standards. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00031-00018150-00018750 Using HTML, CSS and JavaScript you can create a Palm Pre application. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00032-00018800-00019200 So if the Palm Pre platform ever disappears, 4UwCgFO5mAE-00033-00019300-00019850 it should be easy to convert those applications to web pages 4UwCgFO5mAE-00034-00019900-00020100 because the languages are the same. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00035-00020200-00020900 Because of this, I, Opera, other people, companies and organisations 4UwCgFO5mAE-00036-00020900-00021300 are working hard to promote web standards. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00037-00021300-00021550 Mainly for three reasons. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00038-00021600-00022000 1. For developers, web standards are more flexible. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00039-00022050-00022400 If you make a web application using web standards, 4UwCgFO5mAE-00040-00022500-00022800 it can be used on any device. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00041-00022900-00023200 Obviously we don't know what devices are going to appear in the future 4UwCgFO5mAE-00042-00023300-00023900 but we can be pretty sure they will feature a browser. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00043-00024000-00024200 2. Next is HTML5. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00044-00024200-00024850 It may still be quite hard to make a web application exactly like a native application 4UwCgFO5mAE-00045-00024900-00025100 but HTML5 is progressing 4UwCgFO5mAE-00046-00025100-00025900 and web applications will become more and more similar to native applications. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00047-00026000-00026950 Using web languages, you should be able to have similar functionality as you do using languages such as C, C++. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00048-00027000-00027400 3. Third is, of course, users. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00049-00027500-00028100 If you put something on the web, the number of people who can use it is huge. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00050-00028100-00028500 Pretty much anyone in the world who is connected to the internet can view it. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00051-00028600-00029100 It doesn't belong to a single platform, it doesn't belong to a single country, it belongs to the world. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00052-00029200-00029600 In other words, compared to something developed for a particular platform, 4UwCgFO5mAE-00053-00029600-00030200 I believe if you use open web standards, you will have more users. 4UwCgFO5mAE-00054-00030300-00030850 And for developers, isn't that the most important thing? 4V6mWz3oFm0-00000-00000000-00000200 Ethiopia: Hame & Asha Wedding - የሀሜ እና አሻ ደማቅ ሰርግን ይመልከቱ 4ViZq62RNFE-00000-00000071-00000385 Tyler: Have Episodes One through Three made you more libertarian? 4ViZq62RNFE-00001-00000385-00000772 Cass: I'd say writing the book has made me more libertarian. 4ViZq62RNFE-00002-00000772-00000947 Tyler: How so? 4ViZq62RNFE-00003-00000947-00001634 Cass: Not in a way that's fundamentally different from how I've been. 4ViZq62RNFE-00004-00001634-00002206 The title for Nudge, we were committed to calling it "Libertarian Paternalism." 4ViZq62RNFE-00005-00002206-00002751 I don't think anyone would have bought that book, but it shows... 4ViZq62RNFE-00006-00002751-00003198 Tyler: Two unpopular words together sometimes still remain unpopular. 4ViZq62RNFE-00007-00003198-00003847 Cass: The idea that unless you're really confident, you should let people go their own way, whoever 4ViZq62RNFE-00008-00003847-00004257 you are, I think that's part of American culture. 4ViZq62RNFE-00009-00004257-00004651 That's an essential part of American culture. 4ViZq62RNFE-00010-00004651-00005398 What writing the book has made me focus on maybe more is that deep truth to the fact 4ViZq62RNFE-00011-00005398-00005812 that each of us all the time faces a crossroads. 4ViZq62RNFE-00012-00005812-00006472 Either for welfarist reasons or for reasons for respect for dignity...we could have an 4ViZq62RNFE-00013-00006472-00007123 incompletely theorized agreement, whichever one is our foundation, to let people choose 4ViZq62RNFE-00014-00007123-00007443 their own path, that's the right idea. 4ViZq62RNFE-00015-00007443-00008640 That's not different from what I thought before, but it kind of focuses it a little more. 4ViZq62RNFE-00016-00008640-00009139 The font size of those sentences is a little larger in my head than before. 4XsEImFfWqg-00000-00000527-00000986 A PERMANENT CHANGE OF STATION, OR "PCS", CAN BE A STRESSFUL TIME FOR ANYONE, WHETHER IT'S 4XsEImFfWqg-00001-00000986-00001201 YOUR FIRST OR YOUR LAST MOVE. 4XsEImFfWqg-00002-00001201-00001639 DURING THIS PROCESS, ONE OF YOUR BIGGEST STRESS RELIEVERS CAN BE PLANNING AHEAD AND USING 4XsEImFfWqg-00003-00001639-00001902 THE HOUSING EARLY APPLICATION TOOL, OR HEAT. 4XsEImFfWqg-00004-00001902-00002493 "HEAT WILL CHANGE THE TRADITIONAL PCS CYCLE BY HELPING THE MILITARY FAMILIES FIND HOUSING 4XsEImFfWqg-00005-00002493-00002629 SOONER. 4XsEImFfWqg-00006-00002629-00002964 THEY'RE ABLE TO GET THEIR APPLICATIONS IN SOONER, THEY'RE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND HOW LONG 4XsEImFfWqg-00007-00002964-00003526 WAIT LISTS ARE AND WHAT COMMUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE TO THEM BEFORE THEY EVEN MOVE." 4XsEImFfWqg-00008-00003526-00003947 HEAT CAN HELP YOU FIND GOVERNMENT-OWNED, PRIVATIZED, OR COMMUNITY HOUSING. 4XsEImFfWqg-00009-00003947-00004282 TO APPLY, VISIT THE HOUSING EARLY APPLICATION WEBSITE. 4XsEImFfWqg-00010-00004282-00004701 FOR MORE INFORMATION AND HELPFUL TIPS GO TO THE MILITARY ONE-SOURCE WEBSITE. 4XsEImFfWqg-00011-00004701-00005013 FROM THE DEFENSE MEDIA ACTIVITY, I'M PETTY OFFICER IAN COTTER. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00000-00000000-00000572 In this video we're going to take a look at how we can simplify algebraic expressions, 4cNNEDJkoWo-00001-00000572-00000911 specifically, with substituting a variable. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00002-00000911-00001114 The quick summary of what we're going to do 4cNNEDJkoWo-00003-00001114-00003054 is we are going to replace the variable with what it represents. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00004-00003054-00003429 In other words, the letter x, represents some number 4cNNEDJkoWo-00005-00003429-00003861 if we know what that number is, let's put that number in and see what we get. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00006-00003861-00005106 Just need to remember whenever we make a substitution, or a replacement, 4cNNEDJkoWo-00007-00005106-00006089 that's what a substitution is, a replacement. It must be put in parentheses. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00008-00006090-00006226 Always in parentheses. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00009-00006226-00006623 So in this first example, we're asked to evaluate 4 x squared, minus 3 x 4cNNEDJkoWo-00010-00006623-00006976 plus two when x equals negative three. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00011-00006976-00007212 We know x is equal to negative three. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00012-00007212-00007508 X represents the number negative three. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00013-00007508-00007920 So wherever we see an x in the expression, 4cNNEDJkoWo-00014-00007920-00008458 we're gonna replace those x's in parentheses, with a negative three. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00015-00008458-00009002 So we have 4 x, which is now negative three squared, minus 3 x 4cNNEDJkoWo-00016-00009002-00009684 which is now replaced with, in parentheses negative three plus two. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00017-00009684-00010134 When we do this what we end up with is an Order of Operations problem. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00018-00010134-00010580 We know Order of Operations says Parentheses, Exponents, Multiply and Divide, Add and Subtract: 4cNNEDJkoWo-00019-00010580-00010798 PEMDAS. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00020-00010798-00010984 There's nothing really to do with parentheses 4cNNEDJkoWo-00021-00010984-00011546 because inside the parentheses that's all we're talking about, is already simplified as a negative three, 4cNNEDJkoWo-00022-00011546-00011706 nothing to do with that. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00023-00011706-00012122 So, we'll move on to exponents and we see the negative three is squared. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00024-00012122-00013006 So we now have four times negative three squared, is nine minus three times negative three plus two. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00025-00013006-00013276 Now, we're ready to multiply and divide from left to right, 4cNNEDJkoWo-00026-00013276-00013597 and as we do, there's no overlap between the multiplication. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00027-00013597-00014604 So four times nine is thirty six. Negative three times negative three, is positive nine plus two. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00028-00014604-00014982 Finally, we can add and subtract from left to right 4cNNEDJkoWo-00029-00014982-00016063 negative thirty six, sorry, positive thirty six plus nine, is forty five plus two, is forty seven. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00030-00016063-00016756 We have now evaluated the expression, when x is equal to negative three. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00031-00016756-00016924 Let's try another example. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00032-00016924-00017248 An example that has several variables in it. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00033-00017248-00018170 We want to find 4 b times 2 x plus 3 y when b is negative two, x is five, y is negative seven. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00034-00018170-00018776 Well, we can simply replace the b with the negative two it represents. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00035-00018776-00019386 We can replace the x with the five it represents. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00036-00019386-00020220 And we can replace the y with the negative seven it represents. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00037-00020220-00022092 When we do all that, we get 4 b, which is now negative two times 2 x, which is now five plus 3 y 4cNNEDJkoWo-00038-00022092-00022706 which is now negative seven enclosing the parentheses. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00039-00022706-00023648 Notice we have the exact same expression we've just replaced each variable with the number it represents. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00040-00023648-00024332 So now, simplifying the expression, inside parentheses first, the multiplication that doesn't overlap. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00041-00024332-00024864 We've got four times negative two, times two times five; 4cNNEDJkoWo-00042-00024864-00025982 oops which is ten, oops, it should be blue, plus three times negative 4cNNEDJkoWo-00043-00025982-00026404 seven which is negative twenty one. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00044-00026404-00026689 Continuing inside the parentheses, 4cNNEDJkoWo-00045-00026689-00027700 ten plus negative twenty one, we have four times negative two times negative eleven. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00046-00027700-00028126 And now finally, we can multiply from left to right. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00047-00028126-00028827 Four times negative two is negative eight, times negative eleven is positive eighty eight, 4cNNEDJkoWo-00048-00028827-00029222 for our final solution. 4cNNEDJkoWo-00049-00029222-00029802 To evaluate and simplify an algebraic expression when we know the value of the variable, 4cNNEDJkoWo-00050-00029802-00030316 we simply replace the variable with the number it represents. 4fzqPL0llfy-00005-00001166-00001216 to hell with it! 4fzqPL0llfy-00006-00001216-00001349 to hell with it! I don't take out those times that cut me with a blade. 4hqNjSoyCCQ-00000-00000084-00000138 ❌ 4hqNjSoyCCQ-00001-00011124-00011556 Drake 4hqNjSoyCCQ-00002-00013788-00014224 Type Beat | 4hqNjSoyCCQ-00003-00017868-00018343 Future , Lil Durk - "Nostalgia" | Freestyle •Alexx Melo• 50zejpr-Guk-00000-00000225-00000804 Hi, I'm David Greenebaum, one of the Reference Librarians at Clayton State. 50zejpr-Guk-00001-00000804-00001468 Welcome to this special social distancing video version of my Library Research and Information Literacy Session. 50zejpr-Guk-00002-00001738-00002142 I've broken what would be a single in-class session into five shorter videos. 50zejpr-Guk-00003-00002178-00002533 This is the first in the series, and today I'm going to talk to you about 50zejpr-Guk-00004-00002534-00002946 different search strategies you can use while searching library tools. 50zejpr-Guk-00005-00003004-00003494 In later videos I'll talk about different kinds of information sources, and which tools you can 50zejpr-Guk-00006-00003494-00004120 use to locate them; we'll take a live look at the library homepage and conduct searches using those tools; 50zejpr-Guk-00007-00004166-00004532 I'll talk about critically evaluating the information sources you find; 50zejpr-Guk-00008-00004534-00005104 and finally I'll discuss how and why to cite your sources and avoid plagiarism. 50zejpr-Guk-00009-00005304-00005810 This section is on searching. There are two major search strategies you can use, 50zejpr-Guk-00010-00005810-00006202 and there's an appropriate time and context for each. 50zejpr-Guk-00011-00006232-00006859 I usually recommend starting with a keyword search and then moving from there to a subject search. 50zejpr-Guk-00012-00007070-00007508 Keyword searching is the first strategy. It's flexible, because it can 50zejpr-Guk-00013-00007516-00007958 accommodate any words you care to search on. It's also fairly intuitive, 50zejpr-Guk-00014-00007981-00008410 although you can fall into the error of thinking the computer actually understands English, 50zejpr-Guk-00015-00008410-00008956 which it very much doesn't— it's just treating your words as strings of letters. 50zejpr-Guk-00016-00009044-00009494 Keyword searching is a good way to begin your search because it's broad rather than deep— 50zejpr-Guk-00017-00009494-00009832 by which I mean, you're likely to retrieve a large number of results, 50zejpr-Guk-00018-00009833-00010108 but those results may not be super focused. 50zejpr-Guk-00019-00010308-00010712 Keyword searching is probably familiar to you if you've used Google 50zejpr-Guk-00020-00010712-00011212 or any other web search engine, but there are some ways that you can make it more powerful. 50zejpr-Guk-00021-00011232-00011670 First, start by expressing your search topic as a question. 50zejpr-Guk-00022-00011670-00012348 This also helps you to think about whether your topic is too broad or too narrow for the scope of your project. 50zejpr-Guk-00023-00012348-00012704 You don't want to be writing a five-page paper on a question 50zejpr-Guk-00024-00012704-00013078 that could reasonably take a dissertation to answer, or vice versa. 50zejpr-Guk-00025-00013168-00013629 Next, pull out the two or three most semantically relevant words— 50zejpr-Guk-00026-00013630-00014140 again, because computers don't speak English, these are the only words that really count. 50zejpr-Guk-00027-00014166-00014726 Then, think of related words that you can switch in as alternates to the search terms, 50zejpr-Guk-00028-00014726-00015168 synonyms broader or narrower concepts. Basically, any other words 50zejpr-Guk-00029-00015168-00015608 an author might use when talking about the topic. 50zejpr-Guk-00030-00015713-00016328 When you enter your terms into the various search tools, you'll use Boolean Operators to 50zejpr-Guk-00031-00016328-00017022 combine them in various ways. Boolean Operators are named for George Boole a 19th Century logician. 50zejpr-Guk-00032-00017064-00017678 There are a lot of them, but in the library world we mainly use AND, OR, and NOT. 50zejpr-Guk-00033-00017704-00018470 AND is the most commonly used one. It returns only those results which contain both of the terms specified. 50zejpr-Guk-00034-00018476-00019040 So for example, if the left-hand circle represents all those items containing the word "microloans" 50zejpr-Guk-00035-00019040-00019476 and the right-hand circle all those articles containing the word "women", 50zejpr-Guk-00036-00019476-00019992 Then the shaded area in the middle is items with both words present. 50zejpr-Guk-00037-00020014-00020564 In many search tools, if you just put in two terms without any operator connecting them, 50zejpr-Guk-00038-00020564-00020850 the search defaults to AND-ing them together. 50zejpr-Guk-00039-00020876-00021514 You can see that the results are narrower than what you'd get by searching either term in isolation. ​ 50zejpr-Guk-00040-00021604-00022212 By contrast, OR expands your search. If you have two terms and you really don't care 50zejpr-Guk-00041-00022212-00022652 which of them are present, you can include both by using OR. 50zejpr-Guk-00042-00022690-00023020 This is useful if you want to look for related or synonymous terms, 50zejpr-Guk-00043-00023020-00023618 or if a word has variant regional spellings and you want to include both versions.​ 50zejpr-Guk-00044-00023712-00024418 NOT is actually not all that widely used, but there are some specific cases where it's useful to have. 50zejpr-Guk-00045-00024498-00025008 If you've done some searches and your results are cluttered up with irrelevant items that are all similar 50zejpr-Guk-00046-00025074-00025606 in some way maybe dealing with an alternate sense of one of your search terms, for example. 50zejpr-Guk-00047-00025606-00025898 You can use NOT to eliminate that clutter. 50zejpr-Guk-00048-00025898-00026576 So for example, if your search for "global south" kept returning articles about Australia, a developed nation, 50zejpr-Guk-00049-00026602-00026892 you could use NOT to eliminate them. 50zejpr-Guk-00050-00026968-00027227 There's a danger that you'll eliminate some useful results 50zejpr-Guk-00051-00027230-00027660 even if they just happen to mention your excluded term in passing though, 50zejpr-Guk-00052-00027660-00027920 so it's best to use the NOT operator sparingly.​ 50zejpr-Guk-00053-00028094-00028512 Just as a side note, I want to point out how I put the phrase "global south" 50zejpr-Guk-00054-00028512-00028854 in quotation marks here—that's because without the quotes, 50zejpr-Guk-00055-00028854-00029372 the search tool would convert it to an AND search, "global AND south", 50zejpr-Guk-00056-00029372-00029795 and return items that contain both of those terms anywhere in the record. 50zejpr-Guk-00057-00029795-00030339 By putting quotes around it you're specifying that you want that exact multi-word phrase, 50zejpr-Guk-00058-00030374-00030839 and the computer treats it as a single unit rather than multiple separate words.​ 50zejpr-Guk-00059-00031138-00031727 After you've run a Keyword Search you will probably have found a few useful hits among the larger list 50zejpr-Guk-00060-00031727-00032016 of more off-target resources. 50zejpr-Guk-00061-00032039-00032424 That's what I meant about the Keyword Search being broad rather than deep. 50zejpr-Guk-00062-00032458-00032942 If you want to focus in tighter, you can then proceed to a Subject Search. 50zejpr-Guk-00063-00032970-00033586 The Subject Terms are usually found when you open up the item record in a catalog or database. 50zejpr-Guk-00064-00033672-00034262 Subject Terms are assigned by a human as being specifically something the work is about, 50zejpr-Guk-00065-00034262-00034612 rather than just a word that may be mentioned in passing as keywords like. 50zejpr-Guk-00066-00034748-00035404 Subject Terms also group all the different terms that can refer to a topic under a single unified category. 50zejpr-Guk-00067-00035404-00035880 This is called a prescribed vocabulary and it means that it doesn't matter what terms the author 50zejpr-Guk-00068-00035880-00036096 uses they can all be retrieved. 50zejpr-Guk-00069-00036124-00036772 In this case, you can see that the prescribed term for our microloans search is microfinance. 50zejpr-Guk-00070-00036772-00037054 A term we haven't thought to look under before. 50zejpr-Guk-00071-00037054-00037514 Clicking on that microfinance link will then pull up a list of all the other words 50zejpr-Guk-00072-00037514-00037798 that have been categorized with that Subject term. 50zejpr-Guk-00073-00037808-00038354 As you can imagine, this will give us a smaller set of results than the keyword search we performed first— 50zejpr-Guk-00074-00038388-00038832 but the results will be much richer for us as they'll all have to do with the topic. 50zejpr-Guk-00075-00038932-00039494 It's also worth noting that different library tools will each use their own prescribed vocabulary, 50zejpr-Guk-00076-00039494-00040033 so a term that appears in one database may be different in another, or in the library catalog. 50zejpr-Guk-00077-00040114-00040724 You'll want to check each tool you use to discover what are the proper Subject Terms to use. 50zejpr-Guk-00078-00040912-00041112 That's it for this section. 50zejpr-Guk-00079-00041112-00041612 In the next section I'll talk about the different types of information sources available to you, 50zejpr-Guk-00080-00041612-00041936 and what tools the library offers to search for them. 50zejpr-Guk-00081-00042248-00042764 Thanks for tuning in and as a reminder, the librarians are available to help you even when we're all 50zejpr-Guk-00082-00042764-00043392 in our own spaces. You can reach us by phone, by e-mail, or via live chat from the library homepage. 50zejpr-Guk-00083-00043438-00043726 Bye for now, see you next time. 55_mcR_H-jE-00000-00000000-00000231 KANALA ABONE OLMAYI UNUTMA DOSTUM 55_mcR_H-jE-00001-00000231-00000336 İYİ SEYİRLER :) 5scFtDunw94-00000-00000000-00000200 Journey begins 5scFtDunw94-00001-00144000-00145100 Journey ends 5xpjKVO3XZg-00000-00000012-00000588 foreign 5xpjKVO3XZg-00001-00000750-00001434 causes of varicose veins and how to overcome them varicose veins are actually not a 5xpjKVO3XZg-00002-00001434-00002010 dangerous condition there are several ways to cure varicose veins such as lying down 5xpjKVO3XZg-00003-00002010-00002472 with your feet and legs higher than your body for 20 minutes after every day's activities 5xpjKVO3XZg-00004-00002562-00003198 however for those who already suffer from varicose veins try to sleep in this position all night 5xpjKVO3XZg-00005-00003198-00003786 don't stand too long and it is recommended to do yoga every day varicose veins can be 5xpjKVO3XZg-00006-00003786-00004362 removed by massage avoid massaging the varicose veins as this can cause the veins to rupture 5xpjKVO3XZg-00007-00004422-00004998 do massage lightly and regularly in areas prone to varicose veins in the direction towards the heart 5xpjKVO3XZg-00008-00005076-00005676 massage gently using the essential oil that has been dissolved don't forget to eat high fiber 5xpjKVO3XZg-00009-00005676-00006282 vegetables and fruits as well as foods that can stimulate blood circulation such as onions Ginger 5xpjKVO3XZg-00010-00006282-00006966 and chilies avoid tight clothing because it can constrict blood flow in the armpits groin or legs 5xpjKVO3XZg-00011-00007026-00007644 also don't wear high heels too often in a long time because it can inhibit circulation 5xpjKVO3XZg-00012-00007728-00008382 then do activities don't move less avoid sitting or standing for long periods of 5xpjKVO3XZg-00013-00008382-00008916 time to encourage blood flow if your daily routine requires you to stand constantly 5xpjKVO3XZg-00014-00008916-00009402 consider making sure to stretch to improve circulation and reduce pressure build up 5ynrUkwCI-0-00000-00000184-00000424 If it wasn't for his backpack full of memories 5ynrUkwCI-0-00001-00000424-00000520 and full of junk 5ynrUkwCI-0-00002-00000520-00000686 that have been lasting for months 5ynrUkwCI-0-00003-00000686-00000938 If he wasn't a DJ, it would not be him 5ynrUkwCI-0-00004-00000964-00001248 If it wasn't for the nutella on his cappuccino 5ynrUkwCI-0-00005-00001248-00001432 and his family with all his nephews 5ynrUkwCI-0-00006-00001432-00001664 If he spoke loud, it would not be him 5ynrUkwCI-0-00007-00001716-00001968 So what if he changes his behavior 5ynrUkwCI-0-00008-00001968-00002112 when he drinks a little 5ynrUkwCI-0-00009-00002112-00002272 He changes even his accent 5ynrUkwCI-0-00010-00002272-00002472 Tell me what's wrong with that? 5ynrUkwCI-0-00011-00002508-00002776 You can try for hours to make him feel guilty 5ynrUkwCI-0-00012-00002776-00002888 but it won't work 5ynrUkwCI-0-00013-00002888-00003215 because it was Casper who left the light on 5ynrUkwCI-0-00014-00003215-00003428 If it wasn't for his beard 5ynrUkwCI-0-00015-00003428-00003696 and for the perfect alignment when cutting or folding 5ynrUkwCI-0-00016-00003696-00003928 even unimportant things 5ynrUkwCI-0-00017-00003938-00004264 If it wasn't for God with his mother beside 5ynrUkwCI-0-00018-00004264-00004426 looking after him 5ynrUkwCI-0-00019-00004426-00004746 If it wasn't for Xuxa and Patricia Marx and the Lambada dance 5ynrUkwCI-0-00020-00004746-00005012 and the top floor of the first house he lived 5ynrUkwCI-0-00021-00005012-00005206 he could see the main square from the porch 5ynrUkwCI-0-00022-00005206-00005410 If it wasn't for Greece and for the video tape edition 5ynrUkwCI-0-00023-00005410-00005600 and for that video with silhouettes dancing 5ynrUkwCI-0-00024-00005600-00005716 If it wasn't for Laura Pausini 5ynrUkwCI-0-00025-00005716-00005832 and for this love song 5ynrUkwCI-0-00026-00005832-00006058 it would not be him 5zqqPfN7NBA-00000-00000065-00000349 (uplifting music) 5zqqPfN7NBA-00001-00001332-00001549 - This film shows you how to correctly and safely 5zqqPfN7NBA-00002-00001549-00001950 put on, wear, and remove personal protective equipment. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00003-00001950-00002200 It also shows you how to safely dispose of it. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00004-00002200-00002533 Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is designed 5zqqPfN7NBA-00005-00002533-00002821 to protect your eyes, nose, mouth 5zqqPfN7NBA-00006-00002821-00003056 and respiratory system from airborne contaminants 5zqqPfN7NBA-00007-00003056-00003356 such as fibres, dust, gas and vapour. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00008-00003979-00004145 Completing a risk assessment will help 5zqqPfN7NBA-00009-00004145-00004417 you choose the right PPE for the task. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00010-00004417-00004575 It will determine whether you need to wear 5zqqPfN7NBA-00011-00004575-00004878 items such as boot covers, disposable coveralls 5zqqPfN7NBA-00012-00004878-00005224 with a hood, a respirator, eye protection 5zqqPfN7NBA-00013-00005224-00005503 or a face shield, and gloves. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00014-00005503-00005683 The rating of the PPE you need to wear 5zqqPfN7NBA-00015-00005683-00005911 to complete the task is critical. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00016-00005911-00006279 Certain items of PPE, such as respirators and coveralls, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00017-00006279-00006612 are rated depending on the hazards they protect you from. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00018-00006612-00006889 If you need to wear PPE, you must be trained 5zqqPfN7NBA-00019-00006889-00007080 and given instructions to know how to use it 5zqqPfN7NBA-00020-00007080-00007305 and dispose of it properly. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00021-00007719-00007893 Firstly, set up a clean area where you 5zqqPfN7NBA-00022-00007893-00008197 will put on and take off your PPE. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00023-00008197-00008344 You should lay down a piece of plastic on 5zqqPfN7NBA-00024-00008344-00008574 the ground that can be disposed of later. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00025-00008574-00008747 Choose an area that is outside the hazard or where 5zqqPfN7NBA-00026-00008747-00009134 the task is to be done but as close to it as possible. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00027-00009134-00009299 This is where you will store items to assist 5zqqPfN7NBA-00028-00009299-00009561 you when removing your PPE such as something 5zqqPfN7NBA-00029-00009561-00009974 to decontaminate reusable PPE, wet wipes are one option, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00030-00009974-00010201 thick plastic bags to dispose of wet wipes 5zqqPfN7NBA-00031-00010201-00010620 and disposable PPE, containers for storing reusable PPE, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00032-00010620-00010820 and a roll of duct tape. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00033-00010938-00011163 Have a waste bag open and taped to the wall, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00034-00011163-00011505 ready to receive disposable items of PPE. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00035-00011831-00012180 Before putting on your PPE, remove all jewellery 5zqqPfN7NBA-00036-00012180-00012480 including watches and wedding rings. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00037-00012600-00012802 Your PPE items must fit properly 5zqqPfN7NBA-00038-00012802-00013033 and be in good working order. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00039-00013033-00013440 If you are using a respirator, it must be fit tested. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00040-00013440-00013739 The order of putting on your PPE is important. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00041-00013739-00014124 Boot covers first, then disposable coveralls, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00042-00014124-00014386 your respirator, followed by eye protection 5zqqPfN7NBA-00043-00014386-00014526 or a face shield. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00044-00014526-00014771 Next, put your gloves on. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00045-00014771-00014979 The last item of PPE to be put on 5zqqPfN7NBA-00046-00014979-00015246 is the hood of your coveralls. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00047-00015246-00015453 When putting on disposable boot covers, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00048-00015453-00015639 the tough surface of the covers should be 5zqqPfN7NBA-00049-00015639-00015881 under the soles of your boots. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00050-00015881-00016034 The boot covers should be secured around 5zqqPfN7NBA-00051-00016034-00016294 your ankles using the ties and then securely 5zqqPfN7NBA-00052-00016294-00016672 taped around your feet using duct tape. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00053-00016672-00016837 Shape a tab at the end of the duct tape 5zqqPfN7NBA-00054-00016837-00017121 to make it easier to remove later. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00055-00017328-00017554 When putting on your disposable coveralls, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00056-00017554-00017773 be careful not to tear the fabric and 5zqqPfN7NBA-00057-00017773-00017958 ensure the zipper's pulled up to prevent 5zqqPfN7NBA-00058-00017958-00018216 dust getting into the openings. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00059-00018607-00018853 Disposable and reusable respirators are 5zqqPfN7NBA-00060-00018853-00019070 fitted with filters to protect you from 5zqqPfN7NBA-00061-00019070-00019332 inhaling dust, vapours and fibres. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00062-00019332-00019528 The respirator and filters that you use 5zqqPfN7NBA-00063-00019528-00019679 should be rated and suitable for the 5zqqPfN7NBA-00064-00019679-00019909 kinds of hazards present. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00065-00019909-00020259 You can use a disposable or reusable respirator. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00066-00020259-00020532 When putting on a disposable respirator, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00067-00020532-00020739 hold it in your hand with the nose piece 5zqqPfN7NBA-00068-00020739-00020954 at your fingertips allowing the head straps 5zqqPfN7NBA-00069-00020954-00021226 to hang freely below your hand. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00070-00021226-00021432 Position the respirator under your chin and 5zqqPfN7NBA-00071-00021432-00021717 over your nose and hold it firmly in position. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00072-00021717-00022023 Pull the elastic straps over the top of your head. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00073-00022023-00022176 The bottom of the strap should be below 5zqqPfN7NBA-00074-00022176-00022384 your ears and the top strap high on the 5zqqPfN7NBA-00075-00022384-00022622 back of your head, above the ears. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00076-00022622-00022809 If you have long hair, ensure it isn't 5zqqPfN7NBA-00077-00022809-00023076 caught underneath the bottom strap. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00078-00023076-00023296 Using both hands, mould the plastic nose 5zqqPfN7NBA-00079-00023296-00023606 piece to the shape of your nose. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00080-00023606-00023973 To put on a reusable respirator, loosen the straps, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00081-00023973-00024308 place the respirator over your mouth and nose, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00082-00024308-00024530 place the bottom strap behind your head, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00083-00024530-00024807 ensuring long hair is removed from under it, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00084-00024807-00025044 pull the top strap over your head, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00085-00025044-00025433 making sure the head harness is on the top of your head. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00086-00025433-00025693 Tighten the straps and check the fit 5zqqPfN7NBA-00087-00025693-00025931 so it fits securely to your face. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00088-00025931-00026137 To ensure there is an airtight seal, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00089-00026137-00026387 make sure your face is clean shaven. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00090-00026387-00026591 Fit checking will determine if he respirator 5zqqPfN7NBA-00091-00026591-00026891 seals correctly and can be done in two ways 5zqqPfN7NBA-00092-00026891-00027135 depending on whether your respirator has valves. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00093-00027135-00027367 If you're using a disposable respirator and it 5zqqPfN7NBA-00094-00027367-00027648 does not have a valve, place your hands over the 5zqqPfN7NBA-00095-00027648-00027890 respirator and breathe out hard. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00096-00027890-00028129 If the seal isn't good, you'll feel air leaking 5zqqPfN7NBA-00097-00028129-00028396 out from the edges of the mask. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00098-00028396-00028632 If you're using a reusable respirator that does 5zqqPfN7NBA-00099-00028632-00028942 have a valve or cartridge or a disposable respirator 5zqqPfN7NBA-00100-00028942-00029298 that does have a valve, place a hand over each cartridge 5zqqPfN7NBA-00101-00029298-00029728 or on the valve and take a quick deep breath in. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00102-00029728-00029953 If it is well sealed, the respirator will 5zqqPfN7NBA-00103-00029953-00030164 collapse slightly inwards and you won't feel 5zqqPfN7NBA-00104-00030164-00030468 any air passing between it and your face. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00105-00030468-00030684 Any detected air leaks should be corrected by 5zqqPfN7NBA-00106-00030684-00031030 repositioning the respirator and checking again. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00107-00031030-00031199 There are a variety of face shields and 5zqqPfN7NBA-00108-00031199-00031394 eye protection options to choose from, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00109-00031394-00031680 depending on the task and the surrounding conditions. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00110-00031680-00031900 When putting on your eye or face protection, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00111-00031900-00032089 make sure there is no interference 5zqqPfN7NBA-00112-00032089-00032258 with your respirator straps. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00113-00032258-00032459 Next, put your gloves on. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00114-00032459-00032658 The last item of PPE to be put on 5zqqPfN7NBA-00115-00032658-00032845 is the hood of your coveralls. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00116-00032845-00033052 Place the hood over your head and secure it 5zqqPfN7NBA-00117-00033052-00033270 around your face and over the straps of the 5zqqPfN7NBA-00118-00033270-00033536 respirator and zip it up. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00119-00033536-00033803 Now, you're ready to start work. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00120-00034314-00034527 When the task is complete, you need to safely 5zqqPfN7NBA-00121-00034527-00034790 remove your PPE in the correct order to minimize 5zqqPfN7NBA-00122-00034790-00034985 contaminating other areas. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00123-00034985-00035302 Move to the change area where you first put on your PPE. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00124-00035302-00035653 Next, unzip your coveralls to the middle of your chest. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00125-00035653-00035944 Take your hood off by rolling it backwards on itself. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00126-00035944-00036212 Unzip the rest of the coveralls. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00127-00036212-00036422 Remove your arms by keeping them straight behind 5zqqPfN7NBA-00128-00036422-00036763 your back and pulling your arms out of the sleeves. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00129-00036763-00036944 Gather the sleeves and continue to remove 5zqqPfN7NBA-00130-00036944-00037221 the coveralls by rolling them inside out until 5zqqPfN7NBA-00131-00037221-00037515 they are around your ankles. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00132-00037515-00037694 Remove your legs from the coveralls 5zqqPfN7NBA-00133-00037694-00037876 and step back onto them. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00134-00037876-00038227 Then you can untie and untape your disposable boot covers. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00135-00038227-00038394 Roll your coveralls and boot covers into a 5zqqPfN7NBA-00136-00038394-00038713 ball and place them into the waste bag. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00137-00038713-00038940 When removing gloves, grasp the palm of 5zqqPfN7NBA-00138-00038940-00039215 one glove near your wrist and carefully peel it off, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00139-00039215-00039362 turning it inside out. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00140-00039362-00039536 Do the same for the second glove 5zqqPfN7NBA-00141-00039536-00039754 and place both into the waste bag. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00142-00039754-00039959 Then clean your hands with wet wipes 5zqqPfN7NBA-00143-00039959-00040223 and safely dispose of them into the bag. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00144-00040223-00040491 Remove your safety glasses or face shield. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00145-00040491-00040657 Wipe them over with a wet wipe or 5zqqPfN7NBA-00146-00040657-00040922 dispose of them in the waste bag. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00147-00040922-00041179 Finally, remove your respirator. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00148-00041179-00041390 Removing your respirator last will protect you 5zqqPfN7NBA-00149-00041390-00041640 while removing all other PPE. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00150-00041640-00041989 Lean forward and remove it from your face by the straps, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00151-00041989-00042195 taking care not to touch the front. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00152-00042195-00042375 A disposable respirator should be disposed 5zqqPfN7NBA-00153-00042375-00042701 into the waste bag, but a reusable respirator 5zqqPfN7NBA-00154-00042701-00042897 should be treated by separating the filter 5zqqPfN7NBA-00155-00042897-00043182 from the respirator, wiping the inside and 5zqqPfN7NBA-00156-00043182-00043530 outside surfaces of the respirator with wet wipes, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00157-00043530-00043796 wiping the filter with wet wipes, and placing it 5zqqPfN7NBA-00158-00043796-00044137 and the respirator into separate storage containers, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00159-00044137-00044451 sealing both the containers to ensure they remain 5zqqPfN7NBA-00160-00044451-00044680 uncontaminated for the next use. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00161-00044680-00044829 A filter at the end of its life 5zqqPfN7NBA-00162-00044829-00045121 should be immediately disposed of. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00163-00045121-00045362 Safely dispose of the plastic on the ground by folding 5zqqPfN7NBA-00164-00045362-00045710 it inwards and placing it into the waste bag. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00165-00045710-00045881 Then wipe your hands with a wet wipe 5zqqPfN7NBA-00166-00045881-00046164 and wash them as soon as possible. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00167-00046548-00046812 When disposing of your contaminated PPE, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00168-00046812-00047025 seal the first bag and then place it into a 5zqqPfN7NBA-00169-00047025-00047245 second waste bag. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00170-00047245-00047556 Seal the outer bag via a gooseneck. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00171-00047556-00047744 Hold the bag about one third of the way 5zqqPfN7NBA-00172-00047744-00048034 from the top and while twisting tightly, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00173-00048034-00048295 begin taping the bag using duct tape. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00174-00048295-00048533 Once you have taped to the top of the bag, 5zqqPfN7NBA-00175-00048533-00048763 fold the taped section in half and tape the 5zqqPfN7NBA-00176-00048763-00049138 folded parts together to the top of the fold. 5zqqPfN7NBA-00177-00049587-00049735 Dispose of the waste according to 5zqqPfN7NBA-00178-00049735-00050027 local council laws and waste sites. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00000-00000245-00000501 In this SolidWorks tutorial, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00001-00000501-00000957 we'll learn how to model this ring using SolidWorks, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00002-00000957-00001327 and we'll render it using PhotoView 360, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00003-00001327-00001558 it's a light version of Modo 5-uYXWLfFRY-00004-00001558-00001830 By building this shape, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00005-00001830-00002126 there are many way of building this shape, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00006-00002126-00002313 and then we'll mirror it, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00007-00002313-00002427 as you can tell, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00008-00002427-00002600 and we'll do that a few times 5-uYXWLfFRY-00009-00002692-00002818 So here we've got 4, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00010-00002941-00003146 then we'll mirror up and down 5-uYXWLfFRY-00011-00003253-00003344 Like this 5-uYXWLfFRY-00012-00003344-00003448 And one more time 5-uYXWLfFRY-00013-00003697-00004030 Then we'll flex it, in fact it's a bent, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00014-00004150-00004288 to do half the shape, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00015-00004374-00004524 then we'll mirror it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00016-00004737-00005078 And then we'll apply another bent, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00017-00005078-00005235 but the other way 5-uYXWLfFRY-00018-00005235-00005735 You see, I put the detail amount to the highest 5-uYXWLfFRY-00019-00005736-00005914 Okay, let's get started 5-uYXWLfFRY-00020-00006161-00006540 So SolidWorks 2020 or earlier version, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00021-00006540-00006787 Ctrl N, say okay 5-uYXWLfFRY-00022-00006881-00007138 If we need to size the ring to 3D print, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00023-00007138-00007265 we can do it afterward, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00024-00007265-00007559 but it's always good to know in which settings you are, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00025-00007559-00007668 I'll go millimeter 5-uYXWLfFRY-00026-00007784-00008284 Front, and we'll start using the polygon tool 5-uYXWLfFRY-00027-00008297-00008380 Click here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00028-00008712-00009029 And like I say, do not worry about the size, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00029-00009029-00009123 we can resize it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00030-00009123-00009434 So six faces, say okay 5-uYXWLfFRY-00031-00009434-00009630 And here I wanna cut it in half, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00032-00009630-00009768 I'll draw a line 5-uYXWLfFRY-00033-00009886-00010039 I'll find a mid point 5-uYXWLfFRY-00034-00010319-00010458 Voila 5-uYXWLfFRY-00035-00010458-00010577 Right click, select 5-uYXWLfFRY-00036-00010577-00010660 Oh, esc 5-uYXWLfFRY-00037-00010751-00011044 Trim, we wanna get rid of the top 5-uYXWLfFRY-00038-00011249-00011680 So make sure you're in power trim here, voila 5-uYXWLfFRY-00039-00011827-00012193 Now we can actually delete this line, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00040-00012193-00012511 and delete all of those, perfect 5-uYXWLfFRY-00041-00012511-00012910 Now I need this shape to be here, like a Y shape 5-uYXWLfFRY-00042-00012910-00013321 So a quick way of getting the same, ctrl+drag = copy 5-uYXWLfFRY-00043-00013321-00013566 So if you hold on control and you drag, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00044-00013735-00014056 and now you can select this point in this, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00045-00014056-00014192 and go merge 5-uYXWLfFRY-00046-00014559-00014766 So now you have the same shape 5-uYXWLfFRY-00047-00014766-00015103 This is gonna be the fish bone of our pattern 5-uYXWLfFRY-00048-00015103-00015343 This is gonna be at the center 5-uYXWLfFRY-00049-00015343-00015740 Offset entities, make sure bidirectional, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00050-00015740-00015929 means both ways, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00051-00015929-00016147 and makes sure base geometry's on, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00052-00016147-00016386 mean that this will become dashed, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00053-00016386-00016507 like a center line 5-uYXWLfFRY-00054-00016507-00016785 It won't be a take any neck out, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00055-00016785-00016945 Then you click, click 5-uYXWLfFRY-00056-00017072-00017276 I think 10 mil is about right, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00057-00017373-00017539 maybe a hair too much 5-uYXWLfFRY-00058-00017539-00017683 No, I'll keep it this way 5-uYXWLfFRY-00059-00017683-00017998 Say okay, and we don't want to use this 5-uYXWLfFRY-00060-00017998-00018178 We just want to use this here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00061-00018178-00018302 So what I can do, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00062-00018302-00018452 press L for line, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00063-00018552-00018707 we can cap the bottom, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00064-00018844-00019034 L to finish 5-uYXWLfFRY-00065-00019034-00019196 All of this I can trim, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00066-00019196-00019525 but here I want this line to continue down, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00067-00019525-00019639 I can go L, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00068-00019759-00019877 draw a line here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00069-00020093-00020237 I'll do the same here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00070-00020600-00021099 Then we go trim, and we don't need this 5-uYXWLfFRY-00071-00021099-00021203 Don't need this 5-uYXWLfFRY-00072-00021549-00021889 So you drag on anything you want to get rid of 5-uYXWLfFRY-00073-00022437-00022576 Okay 5-uYXWLfFRY-00074-00022576-00022743 Trim, I'm still in it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00075-00022743-00023048 So wait, I want to keep the insides in this 5-uYXWLfFRY-00076-00023206-00023432 and this, perfect 5-uYXWLfFRY-00077-00023432-00023561 Okay 5-uYXWLfFRY-00078-00023561-00023656 Here we have a point 5-uYXWLfFRY-00079-00023656-00023781 but it's a center-line, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00080-00023781-00023898 I would not worry about it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00081-00023898-00024029 I can go delete 5-uYXWLfFRY-00082-00024137-00024341 Delete all of those relations, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00083-00024341-00024769 I'm just selecting and pressing delete on the keyboard 5-uYXWLfFRY-00084-00024985-00025250 This one too it doesn't really matter, no 5-uYXWLfFRY-00085-00025250-00025427 We want to close the top 5-uYXWLfFRY-00086-00025966-00026267 So here, all of the hard work is done 5-uYXWLfFRY-00087-00026267-00026517 We could even fill in this if we wanted, but 5-uYXWLfFRY-00088-00026623-00026789 Now we're going 3D 5-uYXWLfFRY-00089-00026789-00027216 Feature Extrude to do an extrusion (elevation) 5-uYXWLfFRY-00090-00027216-00027442 I think it was somewhere there, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00091-00027442-00027582 that type of thickness 5-uYXWLfFRY-00092-00027701-00028047 Okay, and now I wanna mirror this one here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00093-00028047-00028389 So I go feature, cause its 3D 5-uYXWLfFRY-00094-00028389-00028746 Mirror, I wanna mirror from this face, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00095-00028833-00028955 and what do I want to mirror? 5-uYXWLfFRY-00096-00028955-00029114 Its, you have three choice 5-uYXWLfFRY-00097-00029114-00029379 You can say a feature, or face, or bodies 5-uYXWLfFRY-00098-00029379-00029815 Here it's easier to take the whole body, okay 5-uYXWLfFRY-00099-00029927-00030065 Then, we'll do those two 5-uYXWLfFRY-00100-00030207-00030387 So another mirror, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00101-00030579-00030924 from here, but I don't want this 5-uYXWLfFRY-00102-00030924-00031146 I can right click deselect 5-uYXWLfFRY-00103-00031236-00031505 And instead, I can use the bodies 5-uYXWLfFRY-00104-00032073-00032156 Okay 5-uYXWLfFRY-00105-00032281-00032469 Then we can mirror, going down 5-uYXWLfFRY-00106-00032927-00033052 From this face 5-uYXWLfFRY-00107-00033168-00033281 And we want to mirror, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00108-00033693-00033776 the entire body 5-uYXWLfFRY-00109-00033994-00034252 I think I did two more, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00110-00034252-00034437 I'm trying to think, yeah 5-uYXWLfFRY-00111-00035719-00035849 Yeah, one more 5-uYXWLfFRY-00112-00037385-00037602 Yeah, I think it's good 5-uYXWLfFRY-00113-00037602-00037866 So now think of this as the ring, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00114-00037866-00038159 half of the ring but been un-flattened. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00115-00038267-00038467 You can go back by dragging this, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00116-00038467-00038703 if you want to see all of your step 5-uYXWLfFRY-00117-00038703-00038923 But, I'm going to mute something 5-uYXWLfFRY-00118-00038923-00039006 Now I'm good 5-uYXWLfFRY-00119-00039006-00039176 Now I wanna bend it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00120-00039176-00039612 So there's a tool called insert Feature, Flex. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00121-00039612-00039999 This lets you bend, twist, taper, or stretch 5-uYXWLfFRY-00122-00040117-00040250 If you wanna high pressure, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00123-00040250-00040489 then you have to put this to the max 5-uYXWLfFRY-00124-00040489-00040720 The only draw back with this is that it's slow, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00125-00040720-00040886 but it's worth doing it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00126-00040886-00040986 So I click here, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00127-00040986-00041219 as you can tell I'm in bend, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00128-00041219-00041429 then I can say how many degree 5-uYXWLfFRY-00129-00041429-00041857 In here we'll go, we want to do half on it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00130-00041857-00042141 If you do 360, it'll be hard to get them to 5-uYXWLfFRY-00131-00042240-00042407 line up perfect, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00132-00042407-00042720 and we need to do this at the highest. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00133-00042720-00042871 So it'll take a few second 5-uYXWLfFRY-00134-00043098-00043184 Not bad 5-uYXWLfFRY-00135-00043184-00043352 And then we can mirror all that 5-uYXWLfFRY-00136-00043627-00043752 So from here, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00137-00044076-00044189 the body is this. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00138-00044337-00044610 And now you see everything is connected 5-uYXWLfFRY-00139-00044767-00044924 We can layer the Flex, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00140-00044924-00045079 so I can do another one 5-uYXWLfFRY-00141-00045189-00045573 Insert feature, Flex 5-uYXWLfFRY-00142-00045664-00045836 We could do even a twisting, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00143-00045836-00046004 if we wanted just to show you 5-uYXWLfFRY-00144-00046125-00046260 I don't think it's what we want here, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00145-00046260-00046608 but see you can twist the ring, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00146-00046608-00046763 you can do a lot of cool thing 5-uYXWLfFRY-00147-00046847-00046961 But here what I wanna do, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00148-00046961-00047088 it's not to twist. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00149-00047088-00047242 I wanna do a bending, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00150-00047331-00047610 but from the other way to bulge it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00151-00047610-00047693 So the easiest, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00152-00047693-00047867 you could click and drag this, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00153-00047867-00048163 but the easiest here is just to go 90 degree, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00154-00048163-00048368 on all of them and it will reset 5-uYXWLfFRY-00155-00048368-00048534 Look 5-uYXWLfFRY-00156-00048534-00048617 You see? 5-uYXWLfFRY-00157-00048617-00048780 Right now, you can go slowly, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00158-00048780-00048967 I think I did 20 degree 5-uYXWLfFRY-00159-00049124-00049207 Yeah 5-uYXWLfFRY-00160-00049207-00049339 In this you can move them, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00161-00049339-00049513 it means where they will do the effect 5-uYXWLfFRY-00162-00049513-00049671 only from here to the grid 5-uYXWLfFRY-00163-00049671-00049865 So if you move this, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00164-00049865-00049981 I'm not gonna do it now, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00165-00049981-00050155 but this will not get bent 5-uYXWLfFRY-00166-00050155-00050269 So that's the trim. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00167-00050386-00050809 But and in the video I think I did minus 20 or 30, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00168-00050959-00051042 the other way 5-uYXWLfFRY-00169-00051042-00051197 I'll go 25, voila 5-uYXWLfFRY-00170-00051353-00051608 Okay, so now we have the ring 5-uYXWLfFRY-00171-00051608-00051861 The basically the ring is done, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00172-00051861-00052038 but you could 3D print this 5-uYXWLfFRY-00173-00052038-00052241 But now, what we could also do, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00174-00052241-00052694 it's do a Chamfer or Filet. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00175-00052694-00052924 And, here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00176-00052924-00053063 (whispering) 5-uYXWLfFRY-00177-00053063-00053283 I think this should be pretty small, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00178-00053283-00053376 let's try 1mm 5-uYXWLfFRY-00179-00053536-00053888 And you drag the whole thing, that would take a while 5-uYXWLfFRY-00180-00053888-00054224 Often if you don't see the chamfer or the filet, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00181-00054224-00054615 it's because this radius here it's a distance, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00182-00054615-00054823 it's too big, you have to go lower 5-uYXWLfFRY-00183-00054909-00055112 Actually, in my case it might be good 5-uYXWLfFRY-00184-00055300-00055454 Yeah 5-uYXWLfFRY-00185-00055454-00055769 I think it will be more pretty if you do it without this, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00186-00055769-00055973 but I'm not gonna wait, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00187-00055973-00056128 it's a lot of work to deselect 5-uYXWLfFRY-00188-00056223-00056401 And then you say okay 5-uYXWLfFRY-00189-00056401-00056526 So as you can tell, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00190-00056526-00056862 those chamfer will be nice gold bonds the light, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00191-00056862-00057085 you could put a different material there. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00192-00057173-00057441 I think it's worth doing, voila 5-uYXWLfFRY-00193-00057441-00057608 So now you can see the chamfer, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00194-00057608-00057845 so I think on the image I did, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00195-00057845-00057960 they were larger 5-uYXWLfFRY-00196-00058075-00058511 And now we can, if you wanna size it to a proper finger, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00197-00058511-00059011 you just go insert feature, it should be scale somewhere, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00198-00059107-00059260 Here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00199-00059260-00059433 and you have to measure 5-uYXWLfFRY-00200-00059547-00059954 And then you know, set to so if you want it 20% bigger, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00201-00059954-00060186 you'll go like this, one point two, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00202-00060186-00060425 if you want it 20% lower or smaller, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00203-00060425-00060849 one, eight, and if you need to do a render, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00204-00060849-00061171 a quick way of doing it's to use Photoview, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00205-00061171-00061308 the light version of Modo. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00206-00061391-00061732 Make sure it's installed SolidWorks. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00207-00061732-00061997 Make sure Photoview's clicked on the add ins 5-uYXWLfFRY-00208-00062101-00062287 Put this in perspective, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00209-00062287-00062465 so you're getting more perspective. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00210-00062585-00062757 Then come here, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00211-00062757-00063077 select first a scene. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00212-00063179-00063433 This one is pretty common, so double click 5-uYXWLfFRY-00213-00063553-00063869 Then you find a nice angle, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00214-00063869-00064059 you should have a backdrop here. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00215-00064167-00064339 So something like this, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00216-00064448-00064683 ctrl + middle click if you want to Pan 5-uYXWLfFRY-00217-00064849-00065260 one, and to assign the color, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00218-00065260-00065514 you go up , 5-uYXWLfFRY-00219-00065514-00065688 and we could, I think I use, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00220-00065784-00065980 what did I do before? 5-uYXWLfFRY-00221-00065980-00066152 I think I use gold? 5-uYXWLfFRY-00222-00066327-00066582 Everywhere I use the matte, so I went here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00223-00066683-00066910 To put it everywhere you say body 5-uYXWLfFRY-00224-00066910-00067068 So the whole body has it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00225-00067206-00067455 To see a preview, you go preview window, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00226-00067455-00067633 that kicks Photoview 5-uYXWLfFRY-00227-00067754-00067889 You see it looks like Modo 5-uYXWLfFRY-00228-00068206-00068309 Now it's floating, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00229-00068309-00068550 because I didn't model it properly, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00230-00068550-00068757 that'll be easy to change 5-uYXWLfFRY-00231-00068757-00069257 If you want to put more material here, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00232-00069265-00069410 we can go back here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00233-00069589-00069789 I think I used silver 5-uYXWLfFRY-00234-00070116-00070271 And I must have used the matte 5-uYXWLfFRY-00235-00070618-00070701 Yeah, chamfer 5-uYXWLfFRY-00236-00070843-00071066 And then all of the chamfer will get it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00237-00071066-00071276 You see the middle one is not very pretty 5-uYXWLfFRY-00238-00071424-00071600 I thought that if I did this 5-uYXWLfFRY-00239-00071894-00072164 I think it got back to me what I did, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00240-00072164-00072333 here but this messed up 5-uYXWLfFRY-00241-00072333-00072650 You can go here to erase things, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00242-00072650-00072781 I think now I remember 5-uYXWLfFRY-00243-00072781-00072957 I removed the appearance, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00244-00072957-00073322 I went silver everywhere, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00245-00073322-00073463 it's the other way around 5-uYXWLfFRY-00246-00073463-00073589 So I took the body, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00247-00073814-00074021 and instead of using the chamfer, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00248-00074021-00074175 I then went gold 5-uYXWLfFRY-00249-00074396-00074662 And put the matte gold only on the face, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00250-00074662-00074815 on the body extrude 5-uYXWLfFRY-00251-00075099-00075200 I think that's what I did, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00252-00075200-00075404 yeah that looks like a two-tone 5-uYXWLfFRY-00253-00075404-00075506 Something like this 5-uYXWLfFRY-00254-00075669-00075931 I think that's pretty much it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00255-00076238-00076484 So ctrl, middle click, drag it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00256-00076620-00076793 If you wanna tweak the lighting, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00257-00076793-00076964 have things sitting on the floor, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00258-00076964-00077105 change the highlight here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00259-00077224-00077724 Edit scene, to have it you go offset geometry 5-uYXWLfFRY-00260-00077727-00077857 So now it's on the floor 5-uYXWLfFRY-00261-00077985-00078115 If you want reflection, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00262-00078115-00078297 I'm not a big fan, but it's here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00263-00078297-00078604 Then you'll see a reflection of the ring here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00264-00078604-00078835 Sometime in jewelry they use it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00265-00078952-00079066 I think it's a bit 5-uYXWLfFRY-00266-00079244-00079373 And here you can go advanced, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00267-00079373-00079635 and you can rotate to change where the highlight is. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00268-00079635-00079882 So it will change the background 5-uYXWLfFRY-00269-00079882-00080041 So now you're getting, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00270-00080041-00080219 you see lighting from the side 5-uYXWLfFRY-00271-00080321-00080461 That's actually pretty neat 5-uYXWLfFRY-00272-00080585-00080954 So it's completely up to you, if you want ink, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00273-00080954-00081135 here I don't think it works great, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00274-00081135-00081284 but sometime I use it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00275-00081284-00081397 You go option, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00276-00081486-00081789 make sure the maximum is set for final, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00277-00081977-00082317 and here you could say control, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00278-00082317-00082447 that would create ink 5-uYXWLfFRY-00279-00082447-00082816 But you will have to go click on this one, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00280-00082816-00083120 you would have to go final render. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00281-00083120-00083275 HeI'm not gonna put control 5-uYXWLfFRY-00282-00083371-00083569 So I'm gonna go final render, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00283-00083672-00083882 here you can play with the blue, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00284-00083882-00084003 if you want it to glow 5-uYXWLfFRY-00285-00084003-00084180 I don't have strong highlights 5-uYXWLfFRY-00286-00084180-00084407 you would go like 60 5-uYXWLfFRY-00287-00084555-00084664 But here it doesn't work, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00288-00084664-00084888 because I changed the angle 5-uYXWLfFRY-00289-00084888-00084992 But usually I would go, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00290-00084992-00085201 I think in the one I show you it was 84, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00291-00085201-00085390 and this was a 2% 5-uYXWLfFRY-00292-00085390-00085542 That's how wide, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00293-00085542-00085737 the lower you go, the more glow 5-uYXWLfFRY-00294-00085737-00085890 And how wide is the glow 5-uYXWLfFRY-00295-00085890-00086210 little bit here 5-uYXWLfFRY-00296-00086297-00086558 not enough to use it 5-uYXWLfFRY-00297-00086558-00086736 Then you can save the image, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00298-00086736-00086819 and as you know, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00299-00086819-00087271 go PhotoShop, I've done this in the previous video for ring. 5-uYXWLfFRY-00300-00087271-00087726 And you can do auto-color, auto-tone, auto-contrast, 5-uYXWLfFRY-00301-00087726-00087851 fade them a lot 5Chv8guVceg-00000-00000000-00000050 Don't Forget to SUBSCRIBE my channel 5Chv8guVceg-00001-00000050-00000100 Don't Forget to SUBSCRIBE my channel 5Chv8guVceg-00002-00000100-00000150 Don't Forget to SUBSCRIBE my channel 5Chv8guVceg-00003-00000150-00000248 Don't Forget to SUBSCRIBE my channel 5G9S-VVhH84-00000-00001015-00001382 What were your reasons for wanting to participate in the Service Learning Programme? 5G9S-VVhH84-00001-00001382-00001778 My principal reason was that I was interested in working [Bachelor’s Degree in Pedagogy] 5G9S-VVhH84-00002-00001778-00002228 on a specific local issue and also in responding 5G9S-VVhH84-00003-00002228-00002460 to a need that was real and relevant. 5G9S-VVhH84-00004-00002460-00002772 I specifically chose this project because, 5G9S-VVhH84-00005-00002772-00003047 thanks to the URV’s Social Projects Marketplace, 5G9S-VVhH84-00006-00003047-00003211 I learnt about all the proposals available 5G9S-VVhH84-00007-00003211-00003427 through the Service Learning Programme. 5G9S-VVhH84-00008-00003427-00003692 I found this one to be the most motivating and the most interesting 5G9S-VVhH84-00009-00003692-00003993 for my future career because ultimately it combines 5G9S-VVhH84-00010-00003993-00004212 aspects relating to education, society and business. 5G9S-VVhH84-00011-00004240-00004582 My principal reason was the location; 5G9S-VVhH84-00012-00004582-00005035 the entity is in Tarragona which is very close by, [Master’s Degree in Environmental Law] 5G9S-VVhH84-00013-00005035-00005487 as is the place that I did my assignment on, 5G9S-VVhH84-00014-00005487-00005931 the Platja Llarga and the Bosc de la Marquesa. 5G9S-VVhH84-00015-00005931-00006413 These places are well known here in Tarragona for being highly contested, 5G9S-VVhH84-00016-00006413-00006979 and for me all of that was a challenge that I decided 5G9S-VVhH84-00017-00006979-00007282 to take on and I really enjoyed the experience. 5G9S-VVhH84-00018-00007282-00007604 In addition, the whole issue of biodiversity and coastal protection, 5G9S-VVhH84-00019-00007604-00008239 these are very interesting themes for a Master’s Thesis. 5G9S-VVhH84-00020-00008317-00008522 We have learnt lots of things, 5G9S-VVhH84-00021-00008522-00008793 above all how to work with people; the fact that we work with different people [Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing] 5G9S-VVhH84-00022-00008793-00009116 is great preparation for our professional careers, [Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing] 5G9S-VVhH84-00023-00009116-00009451 because we will encounter similar cases in the future. 5G9S-VVhH84-00024-00009451-00009804 On a psychological or psychiatric level, 5G9S-VVhH84-00025-00009804-00010060 we have seen lots of syndromes and many conditions 5G9S-VVhH84-00026-00010060-00010410 that make people be a certain way and we have to know how to deal with them. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00000-00001100-00001800 From Deepika Padukone to Monalisa, here are actresses who sizzled in a saree 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00001-00001900-00002840 A number of actresses have time and again left us spellbound wearing a saree!. A day ago, internet sensation Priya Prakash Varrier took the social media by storm yet again with her pictures in a gorgeous white saree. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00002-00002940-00003840 The 'Oru Ardaar Love' actress has an ocean of fan-following and has been ruling hearts ever since a clip from her debut film went viral. Like Priya, a number of actresses have sizzled in a saree. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00003-00003940-00004640 Check them out here! Priya Prakash Varrier DT As mentioned earlier, the young actress's pic went viral on social media yesterday. Priya will make her debut with the film 'Oru Ardaar Love'. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00004-00004740-00005440 The movie is slated to release on September 14 this year. Even before her debut, Priya became an internet sensation after a short clip from the song 'Manikya Malaraya Poovi' went viral on social media. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00005-00005540-00006240 The song is sung by Vineeth Sreenivasan and composed by Shaan Rahman became popular but it was Priya who stole the show. Deepika Padukone T Who can forget Deepika posing in a Sabyasachi saree. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00006-00006340-00007340 The picture of the actress was a rage on social media and people just couldn't stop praising how ethereal our Dippy darling looked. The actress was last seen in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's 'Padmaavat' which was a roaring success at Box Office. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00007-00007440-00008440 Monalisa Bhojpuri sensation Monalisa left everyone spellbound when she appeared as Jhuma Boudi in popular Bengali web-series Dupur Thakurpo season 2. The actress is an avid social media user and keeps her fans updated with deets from her life. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00008-00008540-00009580 The picture is most probably from the sets of the show and the actress looks gorgeous in a white saree! Alia Bhatt The beautiful and highly talented Alia Bhatt's look at the Akash Ambani-Shloka Mehta's engagement bash left us all awe-struck. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00009-00009680-00010380 Alia wore a pink coloured traditional saree with her hair tired neatly in a bun. The actress will be seen in Karan Johar's period drama 'Takht. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00010-00010480-00011380 She will also share screen space with Ranbir Kapoor and Amitabh Bachchan in 'Brahmastra'. Sonam Kapoor Ahuja The style icon of Bollywood, Sonam Kapoor Ahuja gave us major fashion goals in this cape saree. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00011-00011480-00012180 The actress carried this look for the trailer launch of her latest outing 'Sanju'. The actress wore a Gaurav Gupta saree and her cape added a lot of drama to the outfit. 5K3PJEyM7Pu-00012-00012280-00012980 We absolutely can't take our eyes off the beautiful Mrs. Ahuja!. 5NgeaL0w604-00000-00000000-00000227 [♪] 5NgeaL0w604-00001-00000227-00000296 [♪ Child Singing] We got a- 5NgeaL0w604-00002-00000296-00000500 [Savannah Speaking Over Song] In 2021, the song “Chug Jug with You,” 5NgeaL0w604-00003-00000519-00000681 a Fornite parody song of Estelle’s 5NgeaL0w604-00004-00000681-00001263 “American Boy” made by YouTube user Leviathan got really, inexplicably popular on Tiktok. 5NgeaL0w604-00005-00001263-00001446 And the trend around it was 5NgeaL0w604-00006-00001446-00001745 [♪ stops] 
“Wait, this song is good, actually” 5NgeaL0w604-00007-00001745-00002169 It’s worth noting that the peak of Fortnite’s popularity, and the original release of this 5NgeaL0w604-00008-00002169-00002433 song, were a few years earlier in 2018. 5NgeaL0w604-00009-00002433-00002714 As a response to this phenomenon, I made this Tiktok. 5NgeaL0w604-00010-00002714-00002814 [​​♪ “Chug Jug with You” plays behind speech] 5NgeaL0w604-00011-00002814-00003060 People who are enjoying this song are doing so with two layers of irony. 5NgeaL0w604-00012-00003060-00003160 One layer 5NgeaL0w604-00013-00003160-00003478 of irony would be what we think of as “Cringe Culture:” enjoying it ironically because 5NgeaL0w604-00014-00003478-00003726 you think that it’s not good and you want to make fun of it. 5NgeaL0w604-00015-00003726-00003939 That’s not what’s happening here for the most part. 5NgeaL0w604-00016-00003939-00004335 There’s another layer added onto this where, “I should think this is cringey, but I don’t. 5NgeaL0w604-00017-00004335-00004435 This legitimately slaps, 5NgeaL0w604-00018-00004435-00004700 and this kid did a good song with this cover.” 5NgeaL0w604-00019-00004700-00004926 And that’s why I’m saying there’s like, two layers of irony, here. 5NgeaL0w604-00020-00004926-00005239 In doing so, we’re sort of making fun of 5NgeaL0w604-00021-00005239-00005628 Cringe Culture, and because this song is so popular right now and because everybody is 5NgeaL0w604-00022-00005628-00005791 enjoying it with these two layers of irony, 5NgeaL0w604-00023-00005791-00006135 I think we’ve reached the popular consensus that Cringe Culture isn’t cool anymore. 5NgeaL0w604-00024-00006135-00006319 [♪ stops] And also not to brag or anything but that 5NgeaL0w604-00025-00006319-00006609 TikTok DID get featured in a Vice article about the trend… 5NgeaL0w604-00026-00006609-00006870 So, uhhhhhh that’s pretty cool. 5NgeaL0w604-00027-00006870-00007254 I got a few comments taking issue with my statement of “cringe culture isn’t cool 5NgeaL0w604-00028-00007254-00007354 anymore.” 5NgeaL0w604-00029-00007354-00007650 People said things like, “No, people still make fun of other people for embarrassing 5NgeaL0w604-00030-00007650-00007872 hobbies,” “The internet will always be mean,” “Show fee-” 5NgeaL0w604-00031-00007872-00008081 But that’s not exactly what I was talking about? 5NgeaL0w604-00032-00008081-00008580 I was talking about Cringe Culture itself, as the dominant internet culture on TikTok. 5NgeaL0w604-00033-00008580-00009066 People usually define Cringe Culture as “making fun of people for earnestly liking a thing,” 5NgeaL0w604-00034-00009066-00009334 but in my experience, its definition is a little more narrow. 5NgeaL0w604-00035-00009334-00009684 And, just a little disclaimer: all of the definitions that I’m talking about are just 5NgeaL0w604-00036-00009684-00009855 my definitions of things. 5NgeaL0w604-00037-00009855-00010415 I define cringe culture as a specific period of secondhand reverse nostalgia and a consensus, 5NgeaL0w604-00038-00010415-00010736 especially on TikTok, that bullying was ok, actually. 5NgeaL0w604-00039-00010736-00011004 Let’s tackle that anti-nostalgia bit first. 5NgeaL0w604-00040-00011004-00011409 If nostalgia is reminding you of something from your past, but fondly, we’re talking 5NgeaL0w604-00041-00011409-00011736 about being reminded of your past and wanting to implode. 5NgeaL0w604-00042-00011736-00011911 It’s about “knowing better.” 5NgeaL0w604-00043-00011911-00012011 [Chime] 5NgeaL0w604-00044-00012011-00012395 When you remember something embarrassing you did when you were twelve, it’s cringe, because 5NgeaL0w604-00045-00012395-00012963 you know better NOW than to start a fan club for the new cute transfer student that everybody 5NgeaL0w604-00046-00012963-00013102 in class had a crush on. 5NgeaL0w604-00047-00013102-00013280 [Discordant Hum] 5NgeaL0w604-00048-00013280-00013771 Anyway, when I think about that, I feel cringe, for obvious reasons. 5NgeaL0w604-00049-00013771-00014165 Secondhand cringe is when you experience someone participating in something that YOU would 5NgeaL0w604-00050-00014165-00014399 not, because YOU know better. 5NgeaL0w604-00051-00014399-00014869 If YOU were embarrassed by that little anecdote from earlier because YOU know better than 5NgeaL0w604-00052-00014869-00015205 to do that, that is secondhand cringe. 5NgeaL0w604-00053-00015205-00015519 This is why a wide variety of things can be labeled “cringe.” 5NgeaL0w604-00054-00015519-00016016 Because someone should “know better” than to draw Undertale fanart in 2022 AND someone 5NgeaL0w604-00055-00016016-00016487 should “know better” than to yell at a retail worker and play the victim card, both 5NgeaL0w604-00056-00016487-00016776 can cause onlookers to feel secondhand cringe. 5NgeaL0w604-00057-00016776-00017186 Onlookers believe the subject should “know better” than to do what they are doing. 5NgeaL0w604-00058-00017186-00017698 In 2021, Fortnite fandom, especially on a large enough level to make a parody song about 5NgeaL0w604-00059-00017698-00018085 it, SHOULD have caused a lot of people to feel secondhand cringe. 5NgeaL0w604-00060-00018085-00018290 [♪ Playful] Sure, you might’ve played Fortnite for a 5NgeaL0w604-00061-00018290-00018390 bit, yeah. 5NgeaL0w604-00062-00018390-00018606 But that was before you realized it wasn’t actually that fun. 5NgeaL0w604-00063-00018606-00018902 It was actually super corporate and a game for babies. 5NgeaL0w604-00064-00018902-00019437 If someone is super into it in 2021, they don’t “know better” than to not be into 5NgeaL0w604-00065-00019437-00019537 it anymore. 5NgeaL0w604-00066-00019537-00019662 [♪ stops] You feel secondhand cringe. 5NgeaL0w604-00067-00019662-00020059 So that’s “cringe” but not all of the above examples qualify as Cringe Culture. 5NgeaL0w604-00068-00020059-00020561 Both cringe and secondhand cringe are incredibly subjective emotions. 5NgeaL0w604-00069-00020561-00020844 Cringe Culture is just that, a culture. 5NgeaL0w604-00070-00020844-00021073 A set of customs and beliefs. 5NgeaL0w604-00071-00021073-00021281 Those customs? 5NgeaL0w604-00072-00021281-00021483 ... For lack of a better word, it was cyberbullying. 5NgeaL0w604-00073-00021483-00021819 Ok so individual users definitely got cyberbullied. 5NgeaL0w604-00074-00021819-00021976 That definitely happened. 5NgeaL0w604-00075-00021976-00022239 But there was also just a culture of suppression. 5NgeaL0w604-00076-00022239-00022469 [Smooth, disembodied voice] Hello all you lovely people. 5NgeaL0w604-00077-00022469-00022574 This is Editing Savannah. 5NgeaL0w604-00078-00022574-00023040 I would like to take this moment to direct your attention to the blue and brown circle 5NgeaL0w604-00079-00023040-00023140 in front of me. 5NgeaL0w604-00080-00023140-00023578 What you are looking at is a Thanksgiving-themed sock, placed around the top of a tupperware 5NgeaL0w604-00081-00023578-00023789 lid that has had the center cut out. 5NgeaL0w604-00082-00023789-00023889 That’s right! 5NgeaL0w604-00083-00023889-00024051 It’s a jerry-rigged pop filter. 5NgeaL0w604-00084-00024051-00024518 Now, it did a pretty good job of eliminating plosives through most of this video, but right 5NgeaL0w604-00085-00024518-00024846 about here is where it starts to… not. 5NgeaL0w604-00086-00024846-00025400 And I say a sentence with so many plosives right here, and I just wanted to apologize 5NgeaL0w604-00087-00025400-00025500 in advance. 5NgeaL0w604-00088-00025500-00025610 So, yeah. 5NgeaL0w604-00089-00025610-00025710 Here we go. 5NgeaL0w604-00090-00025710-00025926 [Normal voice] So this attitude of, “People who participate 5NgeaL0w604-00091-00025926-00026262 enthusiastically, are cringe, and you should not be cringe." 5NgeaL0w604-00092-00026262-00026600 I’m going to take you all the way back to the Fall of 2018. 5NgeaL0w604-00093-00026600-00027008 Musically had just emerged from its pupa into a beautiful new TikTok. 5NgeaL0w604-00094-00027008-00027406 Musically had been the butt of jokes for a few years, and its user base mostly consisted 5NgeaL0w604-00095-00027406-00027774 of lip syncers and cosplayers, many of whom were fairly young. 5NgeaL0w604-00096-00027774-00028320 Though cringe happens on an individual, subjective level, these lip syncers and especially cosplayers, 5NgeaL0w604-00097-00028320-00028505 were cringe for a lot of people. 5NgeaL0w604-00098-00028505-00028677 [♪ Playful] Dressing up as your favorite characters is 5NgeaL0w604-00099-00028677-00028895 totally normal… for a child. 5NgeaL0w604-00100-00028907-00029000 For a teenager? 5NgeaL0w604-00101-00029000-00029100 That’s weird! 5NgeaL0w604-00102-00029100-00029333 It doesn’t matter that they’re not hurting anybody. 5NgeaL0w604-00103-00029333-00029763 They should know better than to dress in fun costumes unless it’s literally Halloween. 5NgeaL0w604-00104-00029763-00030152 And they’re pretending to say things as that character? 5NgeaL0w604-00105-00030152-00030324 In a public space? 5NgeaL0w604-00106-00030324-00030502 They should know better than to play pretend! 5NgeaL0w604-00107-00030502-00030870 [♪ stops] A wave of new TIkTok users joined… mostly 5NgeaL0w604-00108-00030870-00031112 to make fun of the previous user base. 5NgeaL0w604-00109-00031112-00031528 This is where we got Ironic TikTokers (aka I’m not taking this platform seriously, 5NgeaL0w604-00110-00031528-00031866 I’m doing this to make fun of the platform) and cringe compilations. 5NgeaL0w604-00111-00031866-00032319 And Ironic TikTokers did not necessarily make fun of individual users, although many of 5NgeaL0w604-00112-00032319-00032422 them did. 5NgeaL0w604-00113-00032422-00032795 But many of them made fun of trends or patterns that appeared on the app. 5NgeaL0w604-00114-00032795-00033152 Which, yes, people do still do that on every platform. 5NgeaL0w604-00115-00033152-00033506 But this ironic participation was incredibly pervasive. 5NgeaL0w604-00116-00033506-00034109 Like, any genuine participation on TikTok was at risk of being considered cringe. 5NgeaL0w604-00117-00034109-00034209 [Sad little beeps] 5NgeaL0w604-00118-00034209-00034403 This is Cringe Culture. 5NgeaL0w604-00119-00034403-00034874 It was the period in 2018 where the collective consensus was that because this person should 5NgeaL0w604-00120-00034874-00035304 know better than to do this thing, we all have the ok to make fun of them. 5NgeaL0w604-00121-00035304-00035719 It’s a specific phenomenon, and the reason why “hit or miss” got so popular. 5NgeaL0w604-00122-00035719-00036205 However, as we all know, if you do something ironically long enough, eventually it’s 5NgeaL0w604-00123-00036205-00036316 not ironic anymore. 5NgeaL0w604-00124-00036316-00036522 I can think of a specific turning point for this. 5NgeaL0w604-00125-00036522-00036991 In January 2019, TikTok user toenailterry, (who by the way has since changed his username 5NgeaL0w604-00126-00036991-00037441 to grahammclernon), released this video making fun of a cosplay trend. 5NgeaL0w604-00127-00037441-00038028 Ok so why do cosplayers do like, the like- 5NgeaL0w604-00128-00038028-00038334 Like they’re in animation. 5NgeaL0w604-00129-00038334-00038620 I don’t- it looks weird. 5NgeaL0w604-00130-00038620-00038720 It- 5NgeaL0w604-00131-00038775-00039153 At one point in time, toenailterry would have been considered an Ironic TikToker, one of 5NgeaL0w604-00132-00039153-00039516 the kind who just like, made fun of TikTok as a platform. 5NgeaL0w604-00133-00039516-00039846 It feels important to note that Graham has since deleted the video, saying that all of 5NgeaL0w604-00134-00039846-00040237 the followers who came from it didn’t seem to enjoy his actual content. 5NgeaL0w604-00135-00040237-00040703 So like, don’t go follow him because of the video I just showed you. 5NgeaL0w604-00136-00040703-00040864 Follow him if you think he’s cool. 5NgeaL0w604-00137-00040864-00040964 I think he’s cool. 5NgeaL0w604-00138-00040964-00041185 So basically what I showed you wasn’t the original video. 5NgeaL0w604-00139-00041185-00041488 It was a crop-in from a duet. 5NgeaL0w604-00140-00041488-00041588 From a cosplayer. 5NgeaL0w604-00141-00041588-00042016 The cosplay community on the app collectively played an Uno reverse card. 5NgeaL0w604-00142-00042016-00042506 Cosplayers took that audio, made tons of videos doing exactly what was described, and basically 5NgeaL0w604-00143-00042506-00042633 used it to be like, 5NgeaL0w604-00144-00042633-00042813 “Yeah that’s the point. 5NgeaL0w604-00145-00042813-00042913 This rules, actually.” 5NgeaL0w604-00146-00042913-00043253 I very briefly spoke to Graham on Twitter, and he was very, very nice! 5NgeaL0w604-00147-00043253-00043560 And he confirmed that, like, he was, ya know, in on the joke. 5NgeaL0w604-00148-00043560-00043674 Cosplayers are funny! 5NgeaL0w604-00149-00043674-00043774 But anyway. 5NgeaL0w604-00150-00043774-00044134 I think this video and the response to it mark a shift from the dominant culture on 5NgeaL0w604-00151-00044134-00044503 TikTok being "Cringe Culture" and people being on the platform ironically to make fun of 5NgeaL0w604-00152-00044503-00044906 it, to people just, like, using the app because they enjoy it. 5NgeaL0w604-00153-00044906-00045055 Bullying will always exist. 5NgeaL0w604-00154-00045055-00045441 People will always make fun of other people for earnestly enjoying things. 5NgeaL0w604-00155-00045441-00045944 And people will always feel a pang of secondhand cringe when they see someone who, in their 5NgeaL0w604-00156-00045944-00046054 eyes, should know better. 5NgeaL0w604-00157-00046054-00046503 But TikTok as we know it today was built on the specific, widespread phenomenon of cringe 5NgeaL0w604-00158-00046503-00046603 culture. 5NgeaL0w604-00159-00046603-00046819 As the Ironic TikTokers became just… 5NgeaL0w604-00160-00046819-00047255 TikTokers, they built the foundation for much of the comedy on the app. 5NgeaL0w604-00161-00047255-00047606 Sidenote: everyone on TikTok owes everything to the cosplayers. 5NgeaL0w604-00162-00047606-00047727 They are the backbone. 5NgeaL0w604-00163-00047727-00047881 Say thank you to a cosplayer today. 5NgeaL0w604-00164-00047881-00048331 When I say “Chug Jug” ’s double ironic popularity means that Cringe Culture isn’t 5NgeaL0w604-00165-00048331-00048869 cool anymore, I mean that the initial era of collective bullying that was so formative 5NgeaL0w604-00166-00048869-00049155 to TikTok’s early popularity isn’t much of a thing anymore. 5NgeaL0w604-00167-00049155-00049406 [​​♪ “Chug Jug with You” fades in] This of course means that because we should 5NgeaL0w604-00168-00049406-00049694 all know better than to participate in Cringe Culture, 5NgeaL0w604-00169-00049694-00049951 Cringe Culture itself is now cringe. 5NgeaL0w604-00170-00050000-00050173 Hi, I got a haircut, and I’m in a hotel now. 5NgeaL0w604-00171-00050173-00050234 Don’t worry about it. 5NgeaL0w604-00172-00050234-00050572 Thank you to TikTok users grahammclernon, conn_flakes.tv, and honeybeeglory_cos for 5NgeaL0w604-00173-00050572-00050794 letting me use your videos. 5NgeaL0w604-00174-00050794-00051190 If you want more of whatever this is, you can find me on TikTok @yourlocallibrary. 5NgeaL0w604-00175-00051190-00051505 Also, I’m one of the hosts on SciShow Space now, so if you really can’t get enough of 5NgeaL0w604-00176-00051505-00051771 my face and voice, you can see me there too. 5NgeaL0w604-00177-00051771-00051871 Thank you! Goodbye! 5Okso8KdlLI-00000-00000454-00000964 We are in the gardens of the Palace of Nations in Geneva, 5Okso8KdlLI-00001-00000964-00001496 where the United Nations Human Rights Council and Human Rights Committees meet. 5Okso8KdlLI-00002-00001639-00001880 It is in this famous place 5Okso8KdlLI-00003-00001880-00002232 that we will address the next three theoretical issues 5Okso8KdlLI-00004-00002232-00002606 on the relationship between human rights and IHL. 5Okso8KdlLI-00005-00002836-00003290 We will start by considering four potential legal obstacles 5Okso8KdlLI-00006-00003290-00003674 to the application of human rights to an armed conflict. 5Okso8KdlLI-00007-00003950-00004354 A first one would come from IHL itself. 5Okso8KdlLI-00008-00004452-00005102 Do some provisions of that law exclude the concurrent application of human rights law? 5Okso8KdlLI-00009-00005103-00005317 The answer is no. 5Okso8KdlLI-00010-00005317-00005810 To the contrary, IHL implicitly considers such application. 5Okso8KdlLI-00011-00005924-00006440 Article 75, §8 of Additional Protocol I indicates that 5Okso8KdlLI-00012-00006440-00006848 the essential guarantees that it provides to some persons 5Okso8KdlLI-00013-00006848-00007294 may not (and I quote) "be construed as limiting 5Okso8KdlLI-00014-00007294-00007623 or infringing any other more favorable provision 5Okso8KdlLI-00015-00007623-00008238 granting greater protection, under any applicable rules of international law". 5Okso8KdlLI-00016-00008324-00008616 "Any applicable rules of international law" 5Okso8KdlLI-00017-00008616-00009006 implicitly refers to human rights law. 5Okso8KdlLI-00018-00009280-00009676 A second potential legal obstacle is the argument that 5Okso8KdlLI-00019-00009676-00010118 human rights treaties cease to apply during times of war. 5Okso8KdlLI-00020-00010214-00010684 War would act as a ground for termination of human rights treaties. 5Okso8KdlLI-00021-00010842-00011182 To answer this question, we must look at 5Okso8KdlLI-00022-00011182-00011576 the "Draft articles on the effects of armed conflict on treaties", 5Okso8KdlLI-00023-00011674-00011973 a codification of customary international law 5Okso8KdlLI-00024-00011974-00012354 recently prepared by the International Law Commission. 5Okso8KdlLI-00025-00012570-00013240 If we look at Article 7 of the Draft and paragraph f of the annex to the Draft, 5Okso8KdlLI-00026-00013240-00013372 we can see that 5Okso8KdlLI-00027-00013372-00014204 "treaties for the international protection of human rights continue in operation during armed conflict". 5Okso8KdlLI-00028-00014446-00014769 A third obstacle may be linked to the fact that 5Okso8KdlLI-00029-00014769-00015352 human rights treaties contain a measure of flexibility to enable the level of protection 5Okso8KdlLI-00030-00015352-00015732 to be adjusted, as circumstances require. 5Okso8KdlLI-00031-00015978-00016498 One of the main ways in which human rights conventions provide flexibility 5Okso8KdlLI-00032-00016498-00016844 is through the use of derogation clauses. 5Okso8KdlLI-00033-00016914-00017626 Derogation clauses enable the suspension of some obligations during times of crisis. 5Okso8KdlLI-00034-00017828-00018602 Most of the general human rights treaties, including the two International Covenants of 1966, 5Okso8KdlLI-00035-00018602-00019210 the European Convention on Human Rights and the American Convention on Human Rights, 5Okso8KdlLI-00036-00019210-00019668 provide that the state parties can derogate from the rights protected 5Okso8KdlLI-00037-00019668-00020124 in those treaties when the survival of the nation is at stake. 5Okso8KdlLI-00038-00020240-00020760 Recently, states that have been the victims of terrorist attacks, 5Okso8KdlLI-00039-00020760-00020988 such as France and Turkey, 5Okso8KdlLI-00040-00020988-00021446 have submitted derogations to the European Convention on Human Rights. 5Okso8KdlLI-00041-00021654-00021920 It is clear that an armed conflict can be considered 5Okso8KdlLI-00042-00021920-00022400 to be a situation for which derogation is permitted. 5Okso8KdlLI-00043-00022500-00022928 However, in order for a derogation to be obtained, 5Okso8KdlLI-00044-00022928-00023270 it must conform to strict conditions. 5Okso8KdlLI-00045-00023428-00024012 More importantly, states are not allowed to derogate from fundamental human rights, 5Okso8KdlLI-00046-00024012-00024420 such as the right to life and the prohibition on torture. 5Okso8KdlLI-00047-00024584-00025078 As a result, those rights could never be derogated in times of armed conflict. 5Okso8KdlLI-00048-00025282-00025856 The final problem concerns the geographical scope of application of human rights conventions. 5Okso8KdlLI-00049-00026002-00026204 This problem may arise in situations 5Okso8KdlLI-00050-00026204-00026706 where an armed conflict extends beyond the territory of a state. 5Okso8KdlLI-00051-00026838-00027242 In those circumstances, is that state obliged to respect 5Okso8KdlLI-00052-00027242-00027556 human rights on the territory of another state? 5Okso8KdlLI-00053-00027658-00028154 This is the famous issue of the extraterritorial application of human rights. 5Okso8KdlLI-00054-00028286-00028727 While this has, historically, been a controversial question, 5Okso8KdlLI-00055-00028727-00029462 it is now generally accepted that human rights conventions are binding extraterritorially. 5Okso8KdlLI-00056-00029633-00029895 Some human rights instruments, 5Okso8KdlLI-00057-00029895-00030592 such as the European Convention on Human Rights and the American Convention on Human Rights, 5Okso8KdlLI-00058-00030592-00031382 expressly provide that they apply to all persons under the jurisdiction of the state parties 5Okso8KdlLI-00059-00031382-00031704 and not just on the territory of those states. 5Okso8KdlLI-00060-00031758-00031938 What does that mean? 5Okso8KdlLI-00061-00032162-00032666 According to the case law of various international human rights bodies, 5Okso8KdlLI-00062-00032666-00033284 human rights treaty is also applicable to persons outside the territory of a state, 5Okso8KdlLI-00063-00033284-00033842 when that state has an effective control over the area where the person is located. 5Okso8KdlLI-00064-00033980-00034306 It is also admitted by some human rights bodies 5Okso8KdlLI-00065-00034306-00034638 that a person is under the jurisdiction of a state 5Okso8KdlLI-00066-00034638-00035183 and therefore enjoys the protection afforded by the relevant human rights law 5Okso8KdlLI-00067-00035183-00035914 if he or she is under the physical power and control of agents of the state, 5Okso8KdlLI-00068-00035914-00036546 even if that state has no effective control over the area where the person is located. 5Okso8KdlLI-00069-00036796-00037194 This is particularly relevant for the detention of individuals 5Okso8KdlLI-00070-00037194-00037722 in contexts where the detaining states cannot be said to have control 5Okso8KdlLI-00071-00037722-00038064 over the territory where the individual was captured. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00000-00002304-00002608 O Brasil inteiro está preocupado com o problema do crack. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00001-00002608-00003300 Ele vem sendo chamado de epidemia pela mídia, políticos, e até profissionais da saúde... 5OukxO_Pwdg-00002-00003307-00003902 Na medicina, a palavra epidemia é usada quando uma doença se espalha rapidamente. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00003-00003902-00004406 Hoje em dia, obesidade, anorexia e depressão também são tratadas como epidemias. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00004-00004406-00004803 São doenças causadas por um estilo de vida, mas a indústria farmacêutica 5OukxO_Pwdg-00005-00004803-00005308 ganha muito dinheiro com a venda de remédios que não solucionam o problema. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00006-00005509-00005806 Ao acreditarmos numa epidemia de crack, 5OukxO_Pwdg-00007-00005806-00006208 podemos acabar aceitando ações pretensamente emergenciais que, no fundo, 5OukxO_Pwdg-00008-00006208-00006907 atendem a interesses específicos, como a internação compulsória em comunidades terapêuticas privadas. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00009-00006907-00007402 Sem falar de que o barulho em torno do crack, esconde que o álcool e o cigarro 5OukxO_Pwdg-00010-00007402-00007808 causam dez vezes mais mortes do que todas as outras drogas juntas. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00011-00008701-00009108 Ao contrário do que é dito, o uso do crack pode ser controlado e abandonado 5OukxO_Pwdg-00012-00009108-00009501 se dermos mais valor ao ser humano que passa por essa situação. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00013-00009501-00009905 As ditas "cracolândias" estão onde, há décadas pessoas vivem nas ruas, 5OukxO_Pwdg-00014-00009905-00010302 em meio à fumaça, buzinas e indiferença. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00015-00011004-00011309 As equipes de saúde, assistência social e direitos humanos 5OukxO_Pwdg-00016-00011309-00011700 alertam para esse problema há muito tempo. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00017-00011700-00012103 Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial especializados no atendimento a usuários 5OukxO_Pwdg-00018-00012103-00012505 de álcool e outras drogas já acumulam 10 anos de experiência. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00019-00012505-00013004 É um trabalho multidisciplinar, lento e persistente que dá resultados, 5OukxO_Pwdg-00020-00013004-00013505 apesar do preconceito e da falta crônica de recursos do Sistema Único de Saúde. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00021-00013506-00014003 Junto com as equipes de redução de danos, as Casas de Acolhimento Temporários e 5OukxO_Pwdg-00022-00014003-00014409 as equipes dos Consultórios de Rua, os CAPS-AD ajudam muita gente a recuperar 5OukxO_Pwdg-00023-00014409-00015302 a auto-estima, recriar laços sociais e encontrar saídas dignas pra continuar a vida. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00024-00015302-00015805 Só que a Rede Pública de Atenção Psicossocial ainda é muito pequena. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00025-00016200-00016703 Em vez de fortalecer essa rede e propor um debate sério, jornais e tvs, patrocinados pela indústria 5OukxO_Pwdg-00026-00016703-00017302 farmacêutica e grupos religiosos, reforçam a idéia de que só a internação resolve. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00027-00017302-00017901 Em dezembro de 2011, participantes da 14ª Conferência Nacional de Saúde rejeitaram 5OukxO_Pwdg-00028-00017901-00018204 a proposta da internação compulsória em comunidades terapêuticas 5OukxO_Pwdg-00029-00018204-00018502 como forma de tratar usuários de drogas. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00030-00018502-00019008 Mesmo assim, ela consta no Plano Nacional de Combate ao Crack do governo federal. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00031-00019008-00019500 Ainda que o Plano preveja o fortalecimento da Rede Pública de Atenção Psicossocial, 5OukxO_Pwdg-00032-00019500-00019907 entidades privadas em todo o país também serão beneficiadas. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00033-00019907-00020401 Contrariando o Plano, que prega ações integradas e pacíficas, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo 5OukxO_Pwdg-00034-00020401-00020809 já estão internando usuários e fazem verdadeiras faxinas em zonas cobiçadas 5OukxO_Pwdg-00035-00020809-00021102 pela especulação imobiliária. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00036-00021102-00021603 A violência dessas ações, desestrutura ainda mais a vida de quem está nas ruas e 5OukxO_Pwdg-00037-00021603-00022008 desmoraliza o trabalho de Rede de Atenção, especialmente dos Consultórios de Rua. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00038-00022008-00022602 Criados para interagir, informar e tratar usuários que não confiam ou não conseguem buscar ajuda, 5OukxO_Pwdg-00039-00022602-00023005 na lógica da repressão, os Consultórios de Rua podem acabar servindo apenas 5OukxO_Pwdg-00040-00023005-00023801 para legalizar as internações compulsórias, que precisam da autorização um médico. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00041-00023801-00024109 Mesmo com as inúmeras denúncias de maus tratos e violações de direitos humanos, 5OukxO_Pwdg-00042-00024109-00024601 o governo federal está financiando comunidades terapêuticas. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00043-00024601-00025102 Inspeções do Conselho Federal de Psicologia nessas entidades mostram várias irregularidades: 5OukxO_Pwdg-00044-00025102-00025706 da falta de processos terapêuticos ao desrespeito às orientações sexuais e religiosas. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00045-00025706-00026303 Ainda que as comunidades funcionassem, a internação compulsória é uma medida extrema. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00046-00026303-00026805 Registros dos CAPS mostram que a minoria dos casos requer esse tipo de tratamento. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00047-00026805-00027500 E quando ela é necessária, pode ser feita nos Hospitais e Pronto-Socorros públicos. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00048-00027500-00028001 De 7 a 15 dias bastam para desintoxicação da maioria dos usuários, que podem, então, 5OukxO_Pwdg-00049-00028001-00028408 continuar o tratamento na rede aberta, enfrentando, com ajuda multiprofissional 5OukxO_Pwdg-00050-00028408-00028807 os desafios do convívio e da construção da vida. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00051-00029205-00029306 Informe-se. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00052-00029306-00029507 Conheça a “FRENTE NACIONAL DE ENTIDADES 5OukxO_Pwdg-00053-00029507-00030008 PELA CIDADANIA, DIGNIDADE E DIREITOS HUMANOS NA POLÍTICA NACIONAL SOBRE DROGAS”. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00054-00030008-00030202 Divulgue esta idéia. 5OukxO_Pwdg-00055-00030202-00030309 Participe! 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00000-00000614-00000926 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00001-00001473-00001751 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00002-00002298-00002556 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00003-00003247-00003520 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00004-00004138-00004445 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00005-00005029-00005296 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00006-00005807-00006101 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00007-00006612-00006924 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00008-00007615-00007888 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00009-00008434-00008713 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00010-00009223-00009513 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00011-00010023-00010288 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00012-00010979-00011252 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00013-00011870-00012177 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00014-00012830-00013128 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00015-00013675-00013948 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00016-00014639-00014912 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00017-00015459-00015753 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00018-00016263-00016529 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00019-00017146-00017420 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00020-00017967-00018261 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00021-00018808-00019065 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00022-00019576-00019841 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00023-00020245-00020526 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00024-00021036-00021325 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00025-00022016-00022289 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00026-00022836-00023093 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00027-00023497-00023778 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00028-00024361-00024632 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00029-00025323-00025596 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00030-00026180-00026448 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00031-00026921-00027205 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00032-00027752-00028010 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00033-00028557-00028830 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00034-00029448-00029755 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00035-00030371-00030640 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00036-00031223-00031487 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00037-00031997-00032262 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00038-00032773-00033067 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00039-00033504-00033777 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00040-00034469-00034742 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00041-00035324-00035596 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00042-00036107-00036400 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00043-00036911-00037176 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00044-00037867-00038140 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00045-00038724-00038994 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00046-00039431-00039700 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00047-00040174-00040457 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00048-00041004-00041298 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00049-00041988-00042255 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00050-00042802-00043096 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00051-00043750-00043997 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00052-00044615-00044888 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00053-00045361-00045640 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00054-00046077-00046345 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00055-00046963-00047270 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00056-00047817-00048095 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00057-00048679-00048947 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00058-00049565-00049872 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00059-00050455-00050726 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00060-00051417-00051690 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00061-00052200-00052489 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00062-00052892-00053174 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00063-00053864-00054137 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00064-00054684-00054942 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00065-00055633-00055906 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00066-00056524-00056831 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00067-00057521-00057794 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00068-00058268-00058552 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00069-00059136-00059407 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00070-00059917-00060211 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00071-00060684-00060963 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00072-00061654-00061927 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00073-00062511-00062779 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00074-00063361-00063625 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00075-00064172-00064429 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00076-00064977-00065268 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00077-00065886-00066193 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00078-00066703-00066992 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00079-00067575-00067839 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00080-00068312-00068620 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00081-00069203-00069474 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00082-00070092-00070399 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00083-00070981-00071253 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00084-00071727-00072010 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00085-00072701-00072966 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00086-00073403-00073672 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00087-00074255-00074526 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00088-00074929-00075211 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00089-00075758-00076031 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00090-00076648-00076921 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00091-00077358-00077627 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00092-00078318-00078591 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00093-00079101-00079395 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00094-00079905-00080195 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00095-00080742-00081015 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00096-00081598-00081861 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00097-00082371-00082661 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00098-00083315-00083562 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00099-00084109-00084400 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00100-00084983-00085254 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00101-00085945-00086219 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00102-00086728-00087002 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00103-00087657-00087903 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00104-00088521-00088828 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00105-00089339-00089651 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00106-00090342-00090615 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00107-00091269-00091566 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00108-00092077-00092370 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00109-00092917-00093209 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00110-00093793-00094061 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00111-00094643-00094907 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00112-00095417-00095706 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00113-00096396-00096662 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00114-00097172-00097438 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00115-00097949-00098261 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00116-00098878-00099152 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00117-00099842-00100108 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00118-00100691-00100962 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00119-00101509-00101803 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00120-00102419-00102689 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00121-00103236-00103509 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00122-00104200-00104473 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00123-00104910-00105183 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00124-00105874-00106147 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00125-00106657-00106946 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00126-00107564-00107838 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00127-00108528-00108801 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00128-00109385-00109656 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00129-00110273-00110546 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00130-00111130-00111401 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00131-00111837-00112111 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00132-00112727-00112996 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00133-00113544-00113801 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00134-00114238-00114506 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00135-00115053-00115332 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00136-00115769-00116037 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00137-00116621-00116889 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00138-00117436-00117709 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00139-00118220-00118532 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00140-00119041-00119316 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00141-00119862-00120141 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00142-00120724-00120995 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00143-00121542-00121834 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00144-00122524-00122798 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00145-00123345-00123639 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00146-00124042-00124323 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00147-00124797-00125075 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00148-00125585-00125859 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00149-00126476-00126745 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00150-00127291-00127570 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00151-00128188-00128461 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00152-00129008-00129286 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00153-00129940-00130237 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00154-00130821-00131092 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00155-00131602-00131867 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00156-00132377-00132651 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00157-00133305-00133602 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00158-00134113-00134406 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00159-00134953-00135211 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00160-00135865-00136162 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00161-00136709-00136982 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00162-00137565-00137837 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00163-00138311-00138594 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00164-00139211-00139485 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00165-00139922-00140195 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00166-00140705-00140979 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00167-00141526-00141820 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00168-00142257-00142525 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00169-00143072-00143351 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00170-00143825-00144103 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00171-00144614-00144926 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00172-00145363-00145637 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00173-00146219-00146491 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00174-00147107-00147376 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00175-00147923-00148202 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00176-00148748-00149040 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00177-00149624-00149892 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00178-00150295-00150576 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00179-00151160-00151431 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00180-00151941-00152230 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00181-00152920-00153186 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00182-00153733-00153991 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00183-00154500-00154774 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00184-00155211-00155480 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00185-00155954-00156237 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00186-00156928-00157201 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00187-00157711-00157985 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00188-00158532-00158823 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00189-00159514-00159787 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00190-00160224-00160497 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00191-00160971-00161279 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00192-00161896-00162169 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00193-00162753-00163021 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00194-00163458-00163731 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00195-00164315-00164586 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00196-00164989-00165270 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00197-00165780-00166046 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00198-00166737-00167010 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00199-00167521-00167815 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00200-00168324-00168598 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00201-00169289-00169562 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00202-00170109-00170401 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00203-00171019-00171326 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00204-00171762-00172031 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00205-00172541-00172806 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00206-00173353-00173648 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00207-00174195-00174473 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00208-00175164-00175437 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00209-00176053-00176322 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00210-00176976-00177273 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00211-00177891-00178198 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00212-00178889-00179162 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00213-00179599-00179873 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00214-00180346-00180625 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00215-00181316-00181589 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00216-00181992-00182273 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00217-00182820-00183112 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00218-00183802-00184076 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00219-00184479-00184760 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00220-00185271-00185536 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00221-00186083-00186377 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00222-00187068-00187341 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00223-00187995-00188292 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00224-00188983-00189256 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00225-00189802-00190094 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00226-00190678-00190946 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00227-00191420-00191727 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00228-00192237-00192503 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00229-00193157-00193454 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00230-00194037-00194305 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00231-00194816-00195081 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00232-00195518-00195792 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00233-00196375-00196646 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00234-00197120-00197427 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00235-00197937-00198203 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00236-00198750-00199028 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00237-00199575-00199867 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00238-00200449-00200721 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00239-00201376-00201622 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00240-00202059-00202333 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00241-00202806-00203114 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00242-00203661-00203918 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00243-00204535-00204804 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00244-00205241-00205515 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00245-00206062-00206356 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00246-00206866-00207178 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00247-00207689-00207954 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00248-00208644-00208911 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00249-00209493-00209764 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00250-00210455-00210729 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00251-00211203-00211486 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00252-00211997-00212291 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00253-00212837-00213095 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00254-00213642-00213916 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00255-00214499-00214769 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00256-00215461-00215734 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00257-00216207-00216514 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00258-00217132-00217406 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00259-00218096-00218369 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00260-00218917-00219189 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00261-00219593-00219874 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00262-00220565-00220838 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00263-00221385-00221664 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00264-00222173-00222447 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00265-00222850-00223132 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00266-00223748-00224017 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00267-00224600-00224868 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00268-00225452-00225723 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00269-00226160-00226433 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00270-00227087-00227384 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00271-00227931-00228223 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00272-00228914-00229187 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00273-00229733-00230025 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00274-00230643-00230950 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00275-00231641-00231914 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00276-00232387-00232695 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00277-00233242-00233499 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00278-00234046-00234340 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00279-00234995-00235242 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00280-00235826-00236094 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00281-00236783-00237050 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00282-00237632-00237904 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00283-00238559-00238805 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00284-00239496-00239769 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00285-00240205-00240474 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00286-00241165-00241438 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00287-00242022-00242290 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00288-00242980-00243253 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00289-00243871-00244144 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00290-00244548-00244829 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00291-00245375-00245654 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00292-00246201-00246459 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00293-00246968-00247243 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00294-00247716-00247995 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00295-00248542-00248836 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00296-00249239-00249520 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00297-00250067-00250325 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00298-00250941-00251210 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00299-00251684-00251963 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00300-00252581-00252887 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00301-00253397-00253671 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00302-00254145-00254452 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00303-00254999-00255257 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00304-00255947-00256213 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00305-00256904-00257177 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00306-00257832-00258078 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00307-00258625-00258883 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00308-00259573-00259846 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00309-00260393-00260685 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00310-00261269-00261537 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00311-00262047-00262336 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00312-00262847-00263159 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00313-00263669-00263942 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00314-00264560-00264833 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00315-00265524-00265797 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00316-00266234-00266508 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00317-00267090-00267354 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00318-00267791-00268065 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00319-00268576-00268869 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00320-00269416-00269710 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00321-00270184-00270492 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00322-00270928-00271197 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00323-00271779-00272051 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00324-00272525-00272832 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00325-00273523-00273796 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00326-00274270-00274548 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00327-00275132-00275403 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00328-00275839-00276108 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00329-00276545-00276818 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00330-00277402-00277670 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00331-00278286-00278555 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00332-00279066-00279331 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00333-00279805-00280112 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00334-00280586-00280870 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00335-00281417-00281695 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00336-00282206-00282471 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00337-00283162-00283435 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00338-00283946-00284240 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00339-00284893-00285190 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00340-00285773-00286045 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00341-00286448-00286729 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00342-00287420-00287693 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00343-00288240-00288532 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00344-00289005-00289284 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00345-00289794-00290083 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00346-00290667-00290935 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00347-00291625-00291899 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00348-00292553-00292849 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00349-00293361-00293673 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00350-00294326-00294623 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00351-00295241-00295514 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00352-00296062-00296334 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00353-00296771-00297040 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00354-00297623-00297891 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00355-00298546-00298793 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00356-00299376-00299644 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00357-00300335-00300608 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00358-00301192-00301462 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00359-00302153-00302426 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00360-00303009-00303280 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00361-00303828-00304122 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00362-00304704-00304976 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00363-00305449-00305728 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00364-00306382-00306679 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00365-00307226-00307499 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00366-00308009-00308283 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00367-00308901-00309207 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00368-00309645-00309918 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00369-00310502-00310772 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00370-00311282-00311548 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00371-00312203-00312449 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00372-00313139-00313406 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00373-00313988-00314259 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00374-00314950-00315224 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00375-00315733-00316007 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00376-00316554-00316846 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00377-00317393-00317666 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00378-00318070-00318350 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00379-00319004-00319301 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00380-00319919-00320192 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00381-00320739-00321018 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00382-00321634-00321903 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00383-00322487-00322754 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00384-00323337-00323601 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00385-00324038-00324311 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00386-00324965-00325262 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00387-00325953-00326226 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00388-00326736-00327002 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00389-00327476-00327754 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00390-00328228-00328536 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00391-00329046-00329340 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00392-00329743-00330025 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00393-00330499-00330782 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00394-00331473-00331746 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00395-00332257-00332569 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00396-00333151-00333415 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00397-00334106-00334379 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00398-00335034-00335280 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00399-00335971-00336244 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00400-00336862-00337135 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00401-00337825-00338091 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00402-00338675-00338945 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00403-00339528-00339792 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00404-00340229-00340502 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00405-00341049-00341307 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00406-00341818-00342111 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00407-00342729-00343036 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00408-00343440-00343720 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00409-00344411-00344685 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00410-00345338-00345635 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00411-00346182-00346474 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00412-00347021-00347294 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00413-00347911-00348180 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00414-00348870-00349143 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00415-00349761-00350034 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00416-00350544-00350834 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00417-00351344-00351609 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00418-00352083-00352362 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00419-00352980-00353253 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00420-00353871-00354177 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00421-00354724-00354982 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00422-00355455-00355734 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00423-00356317-00356588 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00424-00357171-00357435 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00425-00357982-00358255 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00426-00358909-00359206 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00427-00359789-00360060 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00428-00360678-00360985 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00429-00361532-00361826 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00430-00362409-00362672 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00431-00363183-00363477 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00432-00364093-00364362 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00433-00364945-00365217 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00434-00365727-00366039 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00435-00366657-00366930 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00436-00367404-00367683 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00437-00368193-00368505 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00438-00369160-00369407 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00439-00369880-00370159 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00440-00370706-00370979 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00441-00371490-00371784 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00442-00372368-00372638 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00443-00373112-00373395 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00444-00374087-00374360 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00445-00374834-00375117 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00446-00375520-00375802 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00447-00376238-00376507 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00448-00377123-00377392 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00449-00377903-00378215 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00450-00378906-00379179 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00451-00379726-00379984 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00452-00380567-00380835 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00453-00381272-00381546 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00454-00382020-00382298 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00455-00382772-00383056 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00456-00383529-00383808 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00457-00384355-00384647 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00458-00385121-00385404 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00459-00386022-00386295 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00460-00386842-00387099 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00461-00387610-00387875 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00462-00388493-00388800 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00463-00389274-00389558 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00464-00390176-00390482 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00465-00391029-00391308 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00466-00391998-00392272 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00467-00392889-00393196 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00468-00393779-00394043 O 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00469-00394553-00394842 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00470-00395316-00395623 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00471-00396207-00396475 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00472-00396948-00397256 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00473-00397947-00398220 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00474-00398766-00399058 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00475-00399675-00399944 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00476-00400597-00400895 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00477-00401585-00401858 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00478-00402332-00402640 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00479-00403330-00403603 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00480-00404187-00404455 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00481-00404929-00405236 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00482-00405927-00406200 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00483-00406674-00406958 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00484-00407649-00407922 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00485-00408432-00408721 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00486-00409268-00409526 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00487-00410036-00410330 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00488-00410840-00411106 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00489-00411722-00411992 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00490-00412539-00412833 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00491-00413523-00413789 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00492-00414372-00414640 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00493-00415331-00415604 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00494-00416152-00416424 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00495-00416828-00417109 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00496-00417619-00417885 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00497-00418467-00418739 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00498-00419213-00419491 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00499-00419895-00420176 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00500-00420687-00420980 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00501-00421564-00421832 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00502-00422523-00422796 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00503-00423233-00423501 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00504-00424192-00424465 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00505-00425012-00425269 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00506-00425743-00426022 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00507-00426496-00426803 N 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00508-00427493-00427767 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00509-00428314-00428606 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00510-00429188-00429459 C 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00511-00429863-00430144 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00512-00430691-00430985 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00513-00431459-00431743 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00514-00432326-00432594 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00515-00433141-00433420 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00516-00433931-00434243 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00517-00434861-00435167 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00518-00435858-00436131 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00519-00436642-00436954 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00520-00437645-00437918 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00521-00438465-00438759 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00522-00439270-00439564 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00523-00440038-00440321 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00524-00440869-00441141 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00525-00441689-00441980 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00526-00442564-00442834 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00527-00443308-00443586 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00528-00444242-00444488 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00529-00444998-00445287 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00530-00445871-00446139 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00531-00446648-00446923 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00532-00447470-00447743 L 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00533-00448253-00448565 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00534-00449256-00449530 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00535-00450003-00450282 S 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00536-00450792-00451104 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00537-00451541-00451810 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00538-00452214-00452494 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00539-00453078-00453349 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00540-00453966-00454239 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00541-00454893-00455190 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00542-00455737-00456016 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00543-00456563-00456857 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00544-00457404-00457696 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00545-00458132-00458406 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00546-00459023-00459296 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00547-00459880-00460151 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00548-00460841-00461115 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00549-00461698-00461966 6 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00550-00462550-00462821 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00551-00463511-00463784 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00552-00464402-00464675 7 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00553-00465365-00465631 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00554-00466322-00466595 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00555-00467032-00467306 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00556-00467997-00468270 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00557-00468744-00469027 A 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00558-00469464-00469738 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00559-00470248-00470537 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00560-00471047-00471321 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00561-00471831-00472096 R 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00562-00472680-00472948 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00563-00473495-00473774 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00564-00474390-00474659 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00565-00475350-00475623 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00566-00476170-00476462 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00567-00477152-00477418 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00568-00477927-00478202 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00569-00478748-00479006 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00570-00479696-00479962 1 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00571-00480399-00480673 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00572-00481183-00481472 D 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00573-00481982-00482256 U 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00574-00482946-00483219 9 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00575-00483657-00483930 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00576-00484334-00484614 E 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00577-00485052-00485325 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00578-00485942-00486211 3 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00579-00486829-00487135 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00580-00487646-00487958 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00581-00488395-00488663 T 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00582-00489247-00489515 4 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00583-00490170-00490416 2 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00584-00491034-00491341 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00585-00491888-00492167 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00586-00492750-00493021 P 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00587-00493568-00493846 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00588-00494393-00494685 W 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00589-00495338-00495636 ? 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00590-00496182-00496440 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00591-00496951-00497263 M 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00592-00497810-00498088 F 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00593-00498526-00498799 I 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00594-00499417-00499724 Y 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00595-00500271-00500528 5 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00596-00501039-00501333 H 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00597-00501880-00502174 G 5OzT_hHVrLQ-00598-00502722-00502994 L 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00000-00000168-00000606 For example, here we are planning an advanced surgery. 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00001-00000606-00001116 The patients we treat in our Polyclinic are not easy, indeed usually 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00002-00001116-00001793 they are patients who are missing many teeth, who lack even the bone 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00003-00001793-00001998 and who need to rebuild bone. 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00004-00001998-00002556 For all patients who come to the Polyclinic, we perform a three-dimensional CT scan 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00005-00002556-00003146 which allows us to see exactly the current status of the patient's mouth, 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00006-00003146-00003718 the bone and mostly, what we could do to fix chewing. 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00007-00003718-00004394 We also use the panoramic radiograph. However, the panoramic radiograph, by itself, 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00008-00004394-00005007 is not enough to make a proper diagnosis, that instead we are able to do 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00009-00005007-00005118 with the three-dimensional CT scan. 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00010-00005118-00005687 The 3D CT scan is a three-dimensional reconstruction on the computer that allows us to measure exactly 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00011-00005688-00006142 the bone thickness and density, and to have a lot of information 5QzcnHFD8Ry-00012-00006158-00006422 that allow us to perform a safer surgery. 5RqUMHZwQhU-00000-00000054-00000606 Hi, this is Chadi. And today I have a short one for you. It's been a while since I've discussed 5RqUMHZwQhU-00001-00000606-00001428 Mongolian wrestling, or Mongolian Bokh, so today I want to share with you a throw that in my opinion 5RqUMHZwQhU-00002-00001428-00002094 it is very devastating compared to the foot sweeps that they do, or the hips throws that they do. So 5RqUMHZwQhU-00003-00002094-00002604 this one, and particularly if you want to do it in the grasslands it's very devastating. So 5RqUMHZwQhU-00004-00002658-00003276 let's take a look at it, so you have two guys grip fighting, he grips the belt while he has 5RqUMHZwQhU-00005-00003276-00003978 his grip underneath the armpit, ducks his head underneath, and then goes back into, 5RqUMHZwQhU-00006-00003978-00004422 I would put it in the family of "kata guruma", so he grips the belt, it is very thick, 5RqUMHZwQhU-00007-00004422-00004950 and it's part of the jacket, while gripping with the other hand like the other fighter is gripping, 5RqUMHZwQhU-00008-00005040-00005748 puts his head underneath the armpit, squats down, lifts with the shoulders and neck, 5RqUMHZwQhU-00009-00005748-00006528 and then gets the throw backwards, so here you see how deep down he goes, gets him on his shoulders, 5RqUMHZwQhU-00010-00006581-00007145 and then throws back. You see he's gripping the belt, and he's gripping the back of the shoulder 5RqUMHZwQhU-00011-00007145-00007878 with the opening of the jacket. So in the past, in the old Jujutsu days, this as you see here in 5RqUMHZwQhU-00012-00007878-00008394 front of you was one of the variations of "Kata guruma", so you are Wheeling over the shoulders, 5RqUMHZwQhU-00013-00008394-00009168 but backwards, it's a "double leg variation", it is very devastating because there's simply 5RqUMHZwQhU-00014-00009168-00009960 no control, you just let go, it's very easy for someone to fall on their heads. Today a lot of 5RqUMHZwQhU-00015-00009960-00010452 people you see attempting this in competition, this one with the double sleeve variation, I would 5RqUMHZwQhU-00016-00010452-00011070 say this is the closest thing to the Mongolian throw as possible, but he's gripping the belt, 5RqUMHZwQhU-00017-00011070-00011706 and the back of the sleeve. So if you have anything else to add please let me know down 5RqUMHZwQhU-00018-00011706-00012306 below, I thought I make a short one for you today about this this throw, so if you have anything 5RqUMHZwQhU-00019-00012306-00012828 else to add please let me know down below. This was Chadi, and thank you for listening. 5XzEoGwKjpA-00000-00000000-00000200 Here’s me eating fruity puff. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00000-00000026-00000268 [Captions by Judy V. at Y Translator] >> The kids need haircuts. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00001-00000268-00000434 >> I'm so excited to cut my hair. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00002-00001158-00001486 >> I have never seen Abby with this much spunk in her step. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00003-00003900-00004232 So, I figured out the secret to getting my teens out of bed 5ZKZMipG8-c-00004-00004232-00004446 before 10:30 in the morning. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00005-00004554-00005003 You provide breakfast, and they just magically start popping up out of bed. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00006-00005003-00005128 Good morning, you guys! 5ZKZMipG8-c-00007-00005212-00005410 Did you guys sleep good tonight? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00008-00006176-00006274 There we go. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00009-00006308-00006402 Okay, take it bite. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00010-00006459-00006602 Come on, take a bite. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00011-00006900-00007123 Take a bite with some cheese. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00012-00007204-00007622 We can't go anywhere, and do anything fun until you eat. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00013-00007818-00008044 One big bite, and I won't make you do two. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00014-00008288-00008470 But it can't be a bird bite. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00015-00008470-00008584 There you go. That's a good size. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00016-00008584-00008644 Bite down. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00017-00008712-00008796 Chew it up. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00018-00009374-00009460 Chew it up. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00019-00009504-00009608 No, don't spit it out. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00020-00009680-00009794 Chew it up. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00021-00009794-00009972 You're not leaving until you swallow it, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00022-00010004-00010206 and it gets worst tasting and worst tasting 5ZKZMipG8-c-00023-00010206-00010426 the longer it stays in there, so just hurry and swallow it. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00024-00010904-00011004 Swallow. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00025-00011098-00011168 Come on. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00026-00011316-00011394 Swallow. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00027-00011732-00011808 Swallow it. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00028-00011952-00012042 Drink some milk. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00029-00012046-00012138 It'll help it down. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00030-00012148-00012254 Oh, there you go. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00031-00012410-00012532 Now, take a drink of milk. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00032-00012592-00012768 Finish-- Finish your milk. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00033-00013426-00013504 Okay. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00034-00013582-00013724 Give me five. I'm proud of you. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00035-00013826-00013946 Now, go brush your teeth. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00036-00013946-00014338 One thing I learned taking Eve back to school shopping was 5ZKZMipG8-c-00037-00014338-00014760 she's wearing the same size back to school this year 5ZKZMipG8-c-00038-00014760-00015208 that she wore last year, and that got me really concerned, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00039-00015208-00015302 and then I started thinking-- 5ZKZMipG8-c-00040-00015384-00015782 And then I got thinking, I don't think she really eats. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00041-00015782-00015991 Like I think she eats the bare minimum. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00042-00015991-00016238 Maybe two or three bites at every meal, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00043-00016238-00016648 and so, I had a really good talk with her, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00044-00016702-00016964 and I told you that I'm gonna make sure you start 5ZKZMipG8-c-00045-00016964-00017094 eating more food, huh? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00046-00017242-00017600 Because we want you to get into a size 5, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00047-00017600-00017748 instead of staying in a size 4. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00048-00017748-00018068 Because you've been in a size 4 for a whole year. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00049-00018076-00018176 >> I know. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00050-00018264-00018350 >> That's not good. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00051-00018350-00018784 You have to keep, continue to grow and thrive, and be healthy. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00052-00018784-00018884 Okay? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00053-00019172-00019286 I'm so mean. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00054-00019286-00019403 I got such a mean Mom. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00055-00019403-00019590 She makes me eat. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00056-00019644-00019786 Gah, how rude! 5ZKZMipG8-c-00057-00019844-00020132 How rude! My Mom makes me eat food. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00058-00020196-00020308 Good grief. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00059-00020380-00020642 I wish I had a different Mom. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00060-00020642-00020886 I wish I had a different Mom. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00061-00020886-00021306 There's one other thing we have to do to get you kids ready for school. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00062-00021306-00021466 Not just eating. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00063-00021467-00021860 The kids need haircuts, in a very very bad way. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00064-00021860-00022394 They kind of started to become animals. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00065-00023760-00024009 So, what does everybody want to do with their hair this year? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00066-00024010-00024176 >> I want to get a V-cut. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00067-00024176-00024404 >> Yeah, see the length of my hair? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00068-00024404-00024714 I'm waiting for it to get like four inches longer to do that. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00069-00024714-00024827 >> Okay, well I want layers then. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00070-00024827-00024936 >> You want layers. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00071-00024936-00025280 >> I want my hair to be like cut as long as Shari's, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00072-00025280-00025590 and I want to see what it looks like with layers. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00073-00025590-00025862 >> So turn around, let me see how long your hair has gotten. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00074-00025862-00026274 So you're only like this far from the bottom of your pants. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00075-00026274-00026645 So, you want to cut like four inches and you want layers? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00076-00026645-00026886 So, the pros of cutting layers in your hair is 5ZKZMipG8-c-00077-00026886-00027254 one, when you curl it, it's like cascading beautiful. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00078-00027254-00027483 It also makes your hair look thicker. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00079-00027483-00027822 The cons is that you can't braid it 5ZKZMipG8-c-00080-00027822-00028083 without like hairs like poking out everywhere. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00081-00028083-00028254 So just think on it, and then-- 5ZKZMipG8-c-00082-00028254-00028485 >> You can always go get layers after too. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00083-00028485-00028604 >> Yeah, that's true. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00084-00028604-00028920 >> So maybe cut it this length first, and then see how you like it, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00085-00028920-00029170 and then if you like it, you can cut layers. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00086-00029170-00029402 >> So, you're gonna wait on the layers? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00087-00029402-00029468 Okay. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00088-00029468-00029544 Julie? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00089-00029544-00029792 >> I want like a V shape in the back. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00090-00029792-00029933 >> A V-shape in the back? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00091-00029933-00030462 Um, what they mean by V-shape is they want like layers to here, like this. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00092-00030462-00030638 No, I'm not gonna do that to your hair. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00093-00030638-00031189 Your hair has been damaged a lot by swimming. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00094-00031189-00031606 So I think you need to take a good two inches off. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00095-00031607-00031924 If you leave your hair damaged, it's not going to grow. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00096-00031924-00032175 It'll keep breaking off and get thin on the ends. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00097-00032176-00032352 >> And then you're gonna end up bald. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00098-00032352-00032542 >> No, you're not going to end up bald. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00099-00032542-00032663 >> She actually will. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00100-00032663-00032994 >> Why don't you just ask the lady doing your hair what she thinks, okay? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00101-00032994-00033250 >> Or you put a blindfold on, and just say, "Surprise me." 5ZKZMipG8-c-00102-00033336-00033630 Okay, all my ragamuffins, get in the van. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00103-00033630-00033686 >> Did you hear Abby? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00104-00033686-00033884 She goes, "Look at Shari, she's so much beautiful, but look at me, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00105-00033884-00033992 I'm so much more beautiful." 5ZKZMipG8-c-00106-00034028-00034128 >> Abby! 5ZKZMipG8-c-00107-00034160-00034344 Since when did you become like that? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00108-00034404-00034702 I'm shocked by your behavior lately. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00109-00035330-00035530 >> I'm so excited to cut my hair. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00110-00036624-00036912 >> Abby, you are going to love this new haircut. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00111-00036912-00037050 It's gonna feel so good to you. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00112-00038386-00038666 You can tell Julie's nervous so we're here sitting. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00113-00038666-00038850 Are you nervous? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00114-00038926-00039142 I can't get you to smile at me. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00115-00039264-00039436 There's a boy who needs a haircut. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00116-00039530-00039640 Oh, excuse me. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00117-00039640-00039846 Sorry, you're in my seat. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00118-00039846-00040042 Oh, excuse me. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00119-00040043-00040143 Excuse me. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00120-00040143-00040262 >> Mom, get up. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00121-00040262-00040419 >> Have you looked in the mirror yet? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00122-00040419-00040652 >> I'm trying not to until the end. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00123-00040652-00040840 >> Really? You're gonna be surprised. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00124-00040878-00041102 >> I can see how short it is. But I don't really like-- 5ZKZMipG8-c-00125-00041412-00041604 >> Now that you see it, what do you think? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00126-00041714-00041834 >> It's really different. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00127-00041958-00042300 >> So, with Russell's hair, I have never let it grow this long, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00128-00042300-00042534 but I love kind of how it's laying. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00129-00042534-00042608 >> Okay. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00130-00042608-00042956 >> So maybe, trim it up and like blend it. >> The sides... Blend it. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00131-00043768-00043978 >> That's my brother that you're doing. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00132-00043978-00044158 >> I know. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00133-00045594-00045712 >> I love it. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00134-00046190-00046330 >> Shari, let's look. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00135-00046382-00046470 Very nice. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00136-00046470-00046584 It's just a nice trim. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00137-00046584-00046704 She didn't take off any length. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00138-00046704-00046852 She just trimmed it up. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00139-00046853-00046999 >> Look at my hair. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00140-00046999-00047145 >> Look at Eve's hair. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00141-00047145-00047422 It looks so nice, and soft, and fresh. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00142-00047896-00048076 >> This hair makes me feel alive. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00143-00048920-00049272 >> I have never seen Abby with this much spunk in her step. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00144-00049272-00049560 I literally see a new whole attitude in you. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00145-00049790-00049932 Um, wow! 5ZKZMipG8-c-00146-00049932-00050094 This is amazing. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00147-00050846-00050946 >> Can you see it? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00148-00050950-00051056 Isn't that cool? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00149-00051056-00051150 >> Yeah. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00150-00051482-00051724 >> Hey, where did the Sheepdog go? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00151-00051724-00051796 Huh? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00152-00051796-00051922 >> I'm not a sheepdog! 5ZKZMipG8-c-00153-00051922-00052112 >> I know. You're a little boy now. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00154-00052112-00052334 >> Well, I wasn't before. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00155-00052334-00052515 >> Oh, I'm sorry that made you mad. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00156-00052515-00052814 I didn't mean it to make you feel bad. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00157-00052814-00053020 You look handsome is what I'm trying to say. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00158-00053091-00053270 I like your haircut a lot. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00159-00053270-00053558 Should we go get a drink, and maybe a little treat? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00160-00053604-00053672 Yeah? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00161-00053702-00053914 Sorry for calling you a sheepdog. >> It's okay. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00162-00053914-00054129 >> II didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00163-00054646-00054994 Okay, so the cookies, they have sugar, chocolate fudge, 5ZKZMipG8-c-00164-00055112-00055324 peanut butter, Snickerdoodle, almond, raisins-- 5ZKZMipG8-c-00165-00055324-00055432 >> [inaudible] want the Snickerdoodle. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00166-00055432-00055591 >> Okay, the Snickerdoodle. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00167-00055591-00055758 What other cookies should we do? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00168-00055758-00055972 >> Can I have the second wife? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00169-00055988-00056116 >> The second wife, okay. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00170-00056116-00056232 What do you want? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00171-00056232-00056446 >> I want the frost pink cookie. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00172-00056446-00056610 >> You want the pink frosted? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00173-00056691-00056746 Okay. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00174-00056746-00056840 What are you gonna get Abby? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00175-00056840-00056976 >> I'll have a chocolate fudge. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00176-00056976-00057094 >> Sugar cookie. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00177-00057094-00057176 >> Sugar cookie. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00178-00057176-00057310 Okay, what are you gonna get Shari? 5ZKZMipG8-c-00179-00057310-00057460 >> The chocolate chip cookie. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00180-00057460-00057617 >> Hi, how are you doing? >> Hi, good! 5ZKZMipG8-c-00181-00057670-00057967 All right, if I missed your cookie, shout it out okay. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00182-00057967-00058067 >> Just go one by one. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00183-00058067-00058146 Chocolate chip. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00184-00058146-00058267 >> Chocolate chip. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00185-00058267-00058408 Snickerdoodle. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00186-00058408-00058574 Pink-frosted. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00187-00058629-00058714 Sugar Cookie. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00188-00058778-00058876 Chocolate Fudge. 5ZKZMipG8-c-00189-00058876-00059044 >> These look good. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00000-00000929-00001726 >>: Welcome 5dAqTyGOj2A-00001-00001529-00002228 everyone to one more webinar in a series of webinars sponsored by 5dAqTyGOj2A-00002-00002370-00002877 the community college Consortium for open educational 5dAqTyGOj2A-00004-00004359-00005229 I will be your moderator today. Again, thank you very much for joining us. We are going to bring you an interesting 5dAqTyGOj2A-00007-00008479-00009229 Please feel free to post questions, 5dAqTyGOj2A-00008-00009229-00009629 comments or links in the chat window as appropriate. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00009-00009329-00009929 Una Daly 5dAqTyGOj2A-00011-00010909-00011329 Towards the end, we will have time for our presenters to answer questions. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00012-00011129-00011880 Today we have these three speakers. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00013-00011580-00012579 Quill West, 5dAqTyGOj2A-00014-00012230-00013030 Paul Stacey, and Lisa Young. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00015-00012980-00013380 >>Quill: 5dAqTyGOj2A-00016-00014038-00014780 hi, I am the OER Dir. at Tacoma community college. I have been working with open education 5dAqTyGOj2A-00018-00015680-00016280 >>Paul: I am Paul 5dAqTyGOj2A-00019-00016380-00017380 Stacey, from creative Commons. I was in charge of an open education initiative in Buddhist 5dAqTyGOj2A-00020-00017679-00018130 Columbia, Canada. It received funding for nine consecutive years starting in 2003. I have a lot 5dAqTyGOj2A-00022-00019280-00020129 >>Lisa: good afternoon, I am Lisa Young with Maricopa community 5dAqTyGOj2A-00023-00019930-00020330 college. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00024-00020731-00021480 I am currently cochairing our steering 5dAqTyGOj2A-00025-00021379-00021779 team in working on 5dAqTyGOj2A-00026-00021887-00022331 developing policy and increasing adoption of OER. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00027-00022131-00022981 >> MODERATOR: Is it true that the Maricopa community college is the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00028-00022982-00023382 largest community college district in the US? 5dAqTyGOj2A-00029-00023131-00023931 >>Lisa: it goes back and forth, but generally we are 5dAqTyGOj2A-00030-00023731-00024327 either one or two. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00031-00024081-00024481 >> MODERATOR: 5dAqTyGOj2A-00032-00024659-00025431 [SEE 5dAqTyGOj2A-00033-00028782-00029182 SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00036-00030731-00031131 We worked to expand access to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00037-00031332-00032082 education. We support professional development, and generally we advance the community college mission. Speaking for Una and 5dAqTyGOj2A-00038-00032032-00032432 myself, we are so pleased to be part of 5dAqTyGOj2A-00039-00033116-00033520 this. It is so easy to do the outreach work we do because there is so much great work going on in individual campuses across the United States and Canada. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00040-00034132-00034732 [SEE 5dAqTyGOj2A-00041-00034882-00035282 SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00042-00035132-00035932 Moving into the topic of open policy, there are a few observations 5dAqTyGOj2A-00043-00035964-00036932 appear for myself as a local community college manager as to why policy is important around open 5dAqTyGOj2A-00045-00037553-00037981 It is important for me to be able to point to how OER aligns with my college's mission. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00046-00037882-00038282 A 5dAqTyGOj2A-00047-00038332-00039232 question that comes up quite often is, are there faculty incentives? Can I get a 5dAqTyGOj2A-00048-00039082-00039932 grant? depending on the type of institution you're 5dAqTyGOj2A-00050-00041300-00041733 On the bottom right corner you see a note about the student role in OER policy and practice. For many of us in the community college, the whole reason we are in this endeavor 5dAqTyGOj2A-00052-00042779-00043331 Finally, the topic of labor agreements 5dAqTyGOj2A-00053-00043896-00044683 and intellectual property agreements once someone creates content. To whom does that belong? How do you properly cite it? How do you make it 5dAqTyGOj2A-00055-00045031-00045431 [SEE SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00056-00045283-00045683 Without further 5dAqTyGOj2A-00057-00045910-00046333 ado, Paul Stacey will address some of these. Paul, please take away. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00058-00046083-00046983 >>Paul: thanks. In my introduction I commented on my work 5dAqTyGOj2A-00059-00046833-00047483 at BC campus. Now we are looking 5dAqTyGOj2A-00060-00047590-00048231 at education globally. For an open policy, I thought I would focus my 5dAqTyGOj2A-00061-00048283-00049183 Let me start by referencing some big picture 5dAqTyGOj2A-00063-00049934-00050334 The Cape Town open education 5dAqTyGOj2A-00064-00050625-00051584 declaration started the ball rolling by calling for a policy around OER. Last year, in 2012, we saw UNESCO and the Commonwealth of learning do a survey 5dAqTyGOj2A-00065-00051634-00052034 on government and OER policies around the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00067-00053334-00054234 Creative Comments created and OER policy registry. We have aggregated over 80 policies 5dAqTyGOj2A-00068-00054334-00055034 In June last year, there was 5dAqTyGOj2A-00069-00055594-00056034 the UNESCO 2012 Paris OER declaration. It established a universal agreement among all countries to pursue 5dAqTyGOj2A-00070-00056351-00056984 OER in education. There was a set of guidelines and recommendations as opposed to a mandate, but it is interesting to see how 5dAqTyGOj2A-00071-00056982-00057384 [SEE SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00073-00058334-00058734 He could have global or regional 5dAqTyGOj2A-00074-00059000-00059583 policies, policy on a national or state/province level. We could have policy at a municipal or town 5dAqTyGOj2A-00075-00059869-00060585 level or policy ended institutional, departmental, or personal level. There are all of these different places where policy can come into play. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00076-00060432-00061135 Most of my remarks will come about policy that is that a 5dAqTyGOj2A-00077-00061427-00062135 First, 5dAqTyGOj2A-00078-00062135-00063135 I wanted to give an example of a 5dAqTyGOj2A-00079-00063725-00064432 There has been work across Europe to establish a common framework for ensuring that opportunities 5dAqTyGOj2A-00080-00064385-00065235 for open policy adoption in Europe are realized. The focus of their is primarily 5dAqTyGOj2A-00081-00065566-00065985 on K to 12, but they are interested in building a community across Europe of OER policy 5dAqTyGOj2A-00082-00066448-00066886 advocates. It is this type of development where we are looking to ensure that those people who have an interest in open policy have an opportunity to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00083-00067168-00068085 [SEE 5dAqTyGOj2A-00084-00068119-00068519 SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00085-00068135-00068985 The main document I wanted to share with everyone today is this one. It was written by a team in 5dAqTyGOj2A-00086-00069035-00070035 UNESCO as follow-up to the Paris OER declaration. This document is a template that is trying to help everyone who is trying to create OER 5dAqTyGOj2A-00087-00070199-00070635 policy figure out what areas within their organization might be suitable for 5dAqTyGOj2A-00088-00071048-00071486 policy, and then it actually incorporates specific wording from different OER policies around the world to give you some 5dAqTyGOj2A-00089-00071730-00072130 examples that you might be able to draw from. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00090-00071732-00072336 These are the eight areas that they identified in this document where OER 5dAqTyGOj2A-00092-00073645-00074636 I am also going to use actual wording. You will see that my slides are a little bit text heavy, but clearly when it comes to policy, we need to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00093-00074486-00075136 translate principles and concepts into actual wording to produce documents 5dAqTyGOj2A-00094-00075305-00075986 [SEE SLIDE] Let me deal with the first one 5dAqTyGOj2A-00097-00077537-00078386 The basic idea is that public funds should result in a public 5dAqTyGOj2A-00099-00078986-00079486 The big thrust around at this 5dAqTyGOj2A-00100-00079839-00080637 policy is that sharing should be the default expectation, not the exception. Setting the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00102-00082533-00083387 We need to address the IP and copyright policy 5dAqTyGOj2A-00103-00083277-00083687 about student work and not just teacher and faculty 5dAqTyGOj2A-00106-00086563-00087437 It specifies that everything that is newly developed in the community colleges must be 5dAqTyGOj2A-00107-00087237-00087987 Here some of 5dAqTyGOj2A-00108-00088238-00089137 the specific language. I will not read it all out loud, but I wanted to give you an idea of how policy translates into written language. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00109-00088837-00089787 These were listed 5dAqTyGOj2A-00110-00090288-00091188 They specify that the license allows other users to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00111-00091138-00091988 copy and adapt copyrighted work as long as they give proper 5dAqTyGOj2A-00114-00093664-00094288 They go on to clarify that it is not just new content that is being created with grant funds that need to be licensed, but if you are modifying existing content and adapting and improving 5dAqTyGOj2A-00115-00094288-00095188 it using grant funds, that also needs to be licensed with a creative Commons license. They clarify that if 5dAqTyGOj2A-00116-00095465-00096238 you use some funds to purchase copyrighted or licensed material from a publisher or a third-party, clearly that 5dAqTyGOj2A-00117-00097588-00097996 material will be subject to the terms of your license agreement and will not need to be licensed with a creative Commons license. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00118-00097598-00098039 Finally, in a third round of call for proposals from the Department of Labor, they added some language about open file 5dAqTyGOj2A-00119-00098237-00099189 formats. And also if funds are used to create software that a 5dAqTyGOj2A-00121-00100039-00100839 So that is one area around intellectual 5dAqTyGOj2A-00122-00101666-00102068 area and the language that can be put in place to support open education resources. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00123-00101671-00102655 The basics 5dAqTyGOj2A-00124-00102289-00102689 of this policy are that 5dAqTyGOj2A-00125-00102814-00103239 materials should first be sourced from open content. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00126-00102989-00103389 So, rather than 5dAqTyGOj2A-00127-00103538-00104439 starting to author new material, first have a look at what is out there and see if there are some OER available. It is basically an adopt first 5dAqTyGOj2A-00128-00104189-00105139 mantra with adept Tatian second, and creating third only if you are not able 5dAqTyGOj2A-00129-00105235-00105635 to adopt or adapt. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00130-00105239-00105639 In this area one of the things we 5dAqTyGOj2A-00131-00106365-00106789 are looking to try to do is to take advantage of alternative resources that already exist and remove the cost. It can be quite timely to get copyright 5dAqTyGOj2A-00132-00107585-00107988 clearance when you are trying to use someone else's material. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00133-00107589-00108039 The last point on this slide has some critical language that can be corporative into OER policies in a positive way. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00134-00107789-00108539 That is that we are looking to create an open 5dAqTyGOj2A-00135-00108589-00108989 community of 5dAqTyGOj2A-00136-00109457-00110440 practice in ongoing quality improvement and quality assurance. It is interesting to see that when curriculum gets put out as OER, it gets subject to a type of peer review that 5dAqTyGOj2A-00137-00110240-00110640 sometimes password-protected 5dAqTyGOj2A-00138-00110790-00111626 [SEE SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00139-00111240-00111640 There is a great example of some of this 5dAqTyGOj2A-00140-00113094-00114040 happening. The open work at all BC campus continues on. The Ministry of advanced education funded the work that I was doing for nine consecutive years and has continued with an additional two years of funding. These are public funds going into the creation of open education resources. They have policy in place that is looking 5dAqTyGOj2A-00141-00114055-00114956 to support the development and adoption of open textbooks. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00142-00114590-00115340 I think the approach that is being taken here in British Columbia around first finding existing open 5dAqTyGOj2A-00143-00115572-00116290 textbooks and using those if possible, second, looking at them and if they are not perfect but they are 70 or 5dAqTyGOj2A-00144-00116191-00116890 80% suited for you, adapting or modifying it. Finally, as a last 5dAqTyGOj2A-00145-00116840-00117240 resource create new 5dAqTyGOj2A-00146-00117495-00117895 textbooks if you can't find an existing one. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00147-00117540-00118340 Actually, the BC government actually 5dAqTyGOj2A-00148-00118730-00119341 put an additional round of funding for an additional 20 books that will be used to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00149-00119511-00120239 [SEE SLIDE] The solar 5dAqTyGOj2A-00150-00120494-00121391 initiative is where all of the OER that I was part of supporting here in British Columbia got put. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00151-00121991-00122791 I like the open course library one in terms of its policy and focus on supporting 5dAqTyGOj2A-00152-00122641-00123591 the development of the top 81 courses across their system and challenging the developments to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00153-00123491-00124441 create the material for under $30. There are some interesting spins we can 5dAqTyGOj2A-00154-00124391-00124791 put [INAUDIBLE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00155-00124641-00125191 . 5dAqTyGOj2A-00156-00125038-00125991 Those are the most common topics around developing OER policies, but I wanted 5dAqTyGOj2A-00159-00127641-00128641 There are some policies that are suggesting that OER development should 5dAqTyGOj2A-00160-00128442-00129288 be recognized and be given the same kind of credit in assessment as 5dAqTyGOj2A-00161-00129492-00129892 peer-reviewed materials. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00164-00130992-00131842 Basically, what we are trying to ensure with policy and wording with file formats is that any 5dAqTyGOj2A-00165-00131691-00132492 content that gets produced is put out in a format that 5dAqTyGOj2A-00166-00133667-00134542 is able to be found and indexed by search engines. It should also be able to be directly edited. It is very important to include in the OER policies that we are putting out some requirements associated with making the content available in open file format that will allow other users to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00167-00134757-00135157 edit, modify, and adapt that content. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00168-00134792-00135592 You can see some language at the bottom of the slide about the source code 5dAqTyGOj2A-00170-00136088-00136992 I want to say that this whole movement in creating and offering open policy -- and I've only touched on a few of the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00171-00136992-00137793 categories touched on in that UNESCO document -- there is a growing 5dAqTyGOj2A-00172-00137692-00138092 awareness of the importance of 5dAqTyGOj2A-00173-00138390-00139193 policy. With policy, we are trying to put in place an overarching framework or umbrella that will allow support for that grassroots 5dAqTyGOj2A-00174-00139754-00140544 development. Creative Commons recognizes this need and is launching an open policy network. This will be intentionally created to support those who are trying to create and 5dAqTyGOj2A-00175-00140443-00141093 support an author open policies. It tries to bring 5dAqTyGOj2A-00176-00141143-00141993 policymakers who are working in that arena with talking points 5dAqTyGOj2A-00178-00142843-00143493 >> MODERATOR: Thank you, Paul. That is great 5dAqTyGOj2A-00179-00143625-00144293 information. You can see that there is a lot of information out there. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00180-00144143-00144543 There is a lot of reference 5dAqTyGOj2A-00181-00144752-00145194 work that is being done around the world and if you are a local institution that is just thinking about getting 5dAqTyGOj2A-00182-00145647-00146593 started, in my case I think it is very helpful to be able to point to UNESCO and larger organizations. Thanks to Paul and thanks to creative Commons for all the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00184-00147743-00148143 >>Lisa: 5dAqTyGOj2A-00185-00148517-00148944 thanks, James. One of the things that James mentioned earlier is that we are one of the largest community colleges in the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00186-00149393-00149944 nation -- sometimes number one and sometimes number two. We are just getting started on our open educational 5dAqTyGOj2A-00187-00150048-00150641 [SEE 5dAqTyGOj2A-00188-00150870-00151270 SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00189-00150872-00151744 Just to let you know a little bit about the Maricopa community colleges, we are 10 colleges that are individually accredited. We have over 10,000 courses and 5dAqTyGOj2A-00190-00151494-00152244 overt 265,000 5dAqTyGOj2A-00191-00152710-00153394 students. Those of us who are leading the project here at Maricopa are starting out with a five 5dAqTyGOj2A-00193-00154670-00155344 Like a lot of others who are moving into open educational resources, we have concerns about removing barriers for students in order to achieve their 5dAqTyGOj2A-00194-00155517-00156194 education. We believe that learning starts on day one and we want our students to have the materials they need on day one without cost 5dAqTyGOj2A-00195-00156144-00156544 barriers. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00196-00156980-00157395 I wanted to share with you about the road that we traveled to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00197-00158095-00158495 get to where we are. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00199-00159595-00160595 Faculty were really excited to share what they were using to teach and use others' material. It was an exciting 5dAqTyGOj2A-00200-00160985-00161495 time when it was developing. It lent itself to open educational resources. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00201-00161744-00162195 When phase 1 of the next GEN learning challenges came out, we were very excited about the idea 5dAqTyGOj2A-00202-00162749-00163445 What ended up happening 5dAqTyGOj2A-00204-00164468-00165445 We have psychology faculty, economic faculty, English and math all doing different things at all of our colleges, but we don't have anything 5dAqTyGOj2A-00205-00165295-00165995 strategic. The most strategic OER initiative that we have 5dAqTyGOj2A-00206-00166250-00167145 is Scottsdale community colleges math department took five of their courses and went completely open educational resources. They have a workbook they 5dAqTyGOj2A-00207-00167196-00168046 developed and they are able to offer five of their courses regardless of who teaches 5dAqTyGOj2A-00208-00167846-00168246 them, 5dAqTyGOj2A-00209-00168469-00168996 using open educational resources. They are saving students about $300,000 a year. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00210-00168946-00169346 We really wanted to do something more 5dAqTyGOj2A-00212-00170352-00170896 We sat down and looked at 5dAqTyGOj2A-00213-00171267-00171846 what open educational resources were and what projects were being done across the nation and across the world. Our executive 5dAqTyGOj2A-00214-00172115-00172515 vice Chancellor Provost put this task force together. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00215-00172146-00172996 It is really interesting, our open educational resources initiative is supported at the top by 5dAqTyGOj2A-00216-00172746-00173646 our executive Vice Chancellor and Provost and we 5dAqTyGOj2A-00218-00175427-00175846 So, this task force got together and we looked at what was happening across the world and we put together a 5dAqTyGOj2A-00219-00177606-00178006 proposal. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00220-00177610-00178046 The first was to put together a steering team. [SEE 5dAqTyGOj2A-00221-00178944-00179344 SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00222-00178946-00179847 We have done a tremendous amount of work in just a couple of months. In three months we put together our steering committee. Our executive sponsor is 5dAqTyGOj2A-00223-00179647-00180297 our executive Vice Chancellor and 5dAqTyGOj2A-00224-00180285-00180997 Provost. You have instructional designers, faculty from a number of different is the plans, we have a 5dAqTyGOj2A-00225-00180947-00181397 librarian, we have our center for learning 5dAqTyGOj2A-00226-00181606-00182006 instruction, we have and IT representative on this team. They all support this initiative. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00227-00181747-00182497 The first thing we did was fill out a strategic 5dAqTyGOj2A-00229-00183651-00184297 The plan includes sharing of what OER is with our faculty. We are building awareness, putting together workshops and events, public service announcements, and 5dAqTyGOj2A-00230-00185372-00185772 also trying to get our faculty to start sharing. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00231-00185373-00185897 So our OER math faculty have been visiting other colleges within the district and within the state and they are sharing their success and what they are doing. We are really starting to build 5dAqTyGOj2A-00232-00186245-00186645 awareness of open educational resources. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00233-00186247-00186647 What is interesting is that there was a perception that OER was a math 5dAqTyGOj2A-00234-00187319-00187719 thing. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00235-00187322-00188047 [SEE SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00237-00188547-00188947 [SEE SLIDE] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00238-00188848-00189798 We would like to make recommendations for internally funded projects, have a statement in 5dAqTyGOj2A-00239-00190647-00191098 our admin policy. As Paul mentioned earlier, we went to set the default to open. I think that is a great phrase and something that we can really work towards. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00240-00191101-00191948 What we are really excited about is our pilot project. What we really want to do is get faculty using 5dAqTyGOj2A-00241-00191898-00192698 OER. As James mentioned earlier, one of the ideas is faculty 5dAqTyGOj2A-00242-00192860-00193298 incentive to adopt OER. That is what we are doing with our pilot project. We want to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00243-00193998-00194889 get faculty right from the start line and get faculty using and when necessary developing open educational resources. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00244-00194493-00195398 We put out a statement of interest for a call for proposals just a couple of weeks ago. We were specifically asking for teams of three 5dAqTyGOj2A-00245-00195149-00195999 faculty representing three different Maricopa community 5dAqTyGOj2A-00246-00195845-00196248 colleges. He thought if we did that we would be able to get 5dAqTyGOj2A-00247-00197837-00198240 greater adoption at the different colleges if we had faculty from the different schools working together. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00248-00197843-00198245 We had over 30 teams submit statements of interest, which we are really excited about. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00250-00198968-00199949 Three courses we are specifically targeting include psychology 101, English composition, and developmental reading. We are targeting high enrollment classes so we can get our biggest bang for 5dAqTyGOj2A-00251-00200199-00200599 the buck and reach the most students. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00252-00200200-00201099 Other courses we are considering with the call for proposal is education, economics, chemistry, computer 5dAqTyGOj2A-00253-00200949-00201899 science, and our English 101 classes. So, if you have any resources you would like to share with 5dAqTyGOj2A-00254-00201699-00202099 us, please e-mail them 5dAqTyGOj2A-00256-00203977-00204383 We specifically did not include math in our call for proposals because we have so much math developed within the district. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00257-00204199-00205099 Our call for proposals closes this Friday and then we are going to evaluate them and have a quick turnaround time. We would like that to be done before the end of the semester 5dAqTyGOj2A-00258-00205605-00206008 and start training and developing in the spring and start piloting the courses in the fall. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00260-00206969-00207950 In addition, we are looking heavily at evaluating this. We have been working very hard this semester to benchmark where we are. We have been doing student focus 5dAqTyGOj2A-00261-00207899-00208850 groups regarding student perception about OER. We are asking students who are using OER with their satisfaction level is. We are surveying 5dAqTyGOj2A-00262-00208549-00209200 faculty 5dAqTyGOj2A-00263-00209151-00210150 about what their awareness level is. Interestingly, we had faculty who are using OER and didn't 5dAqTyGOj2A-00265-00210400-00211000 We went to definitely look at outcomes in regard to student 5dAqTyGOj2A-00267-00212645-00213550 Another of our goals is to make connections with other institutions. We are restarted with that. For example, our call for proposal we 5dAqTyGOj2A-00268-00213250-00213850 modeled based on the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00269-00214301-00214750 BCS model that was put together. We are very much interested in collaborating and working with others in terms of 5dAqTyGOj2A-00270-00214983-00215385 OER and are also of course interested in sharing whatever we are doing. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00271-00215000-00215950 We really think that collaboration is key. Both internally within the colleges and the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00272-00215899-00216850 districts as well as externally with you. We want to do whatever we can to work together and share what we're doing and learn 5dAqTyGOj2A-00274-00217806-00218551 Finally, we do have a website that is under construction. We will be posting our Maricopa millions proposal 5dAqTyGOj2A-00275-00218799-00219701 and identify our savings for this fall. We have had a lot of interesting discussions as to what formula we should use for that. Many of you provided us with 5dAqTyGOj2A-00276-00219451-00220301 information on what you are doing and we really appreciate your 5dAqTyGOj2A-00277-00220151-00220865 feedback. We are running those numbers now and are really 5dAqTyGOj2A-00278-00220901-00221801 excited to have this and be able to share the impact we are 5dAqTyGOj2A-00279-00221751-00222151 >> MODERATOR: 5dAqTyGOj2A-00282-00223901-00224551 Now, we are going to hear from Quill 5dAqTyGOj2A-00284-00225201-00226151 >>Quill: hi, I 5dAqTyGOj2A-00285-00225851-00226351 am the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00286-00226402-00227250 OER project director at Tacoma community college. We have been working on this project for about 18 5dAqTyGOj2A-00287-00227313-00228152 months now. We have had a little more time to answer some of the ongoing questions. I think it is really important to discuss how the students 5dAqTyGOj2A-00289-00229668-00230068 Our project was initially funded by students. So, we are using student government funds to pay for the project in the first two years. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00291-00230702-00231552 [AUDIO 5dAqTyGOj2A-00292-00231302-00231802 CLIP] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00293-00231652-00232502 you just heard the voice of EJ Iglesias who is on our 5dAqTyGOj2A-00294-00232252-00233002 student government. He was a member of the leadership team 5dAqTyGOj2A-00295-00232852-00233302 when OER was first brought to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00296-00234172-00234852 them. It was right after they had a rally at our state government saying that the costs were getting too high. They were concerned about tuition and seed costs which are things 5dAqTyGOj2A-00298-00235552-00235952 If we adopt OER, we 5dAqTyGOj2A-00299-00236401-00236804 immediately affect the cost for the students in those courses. That is what the students were looking for at that time. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00300-00236452-00237202 It is important to note that this group of students of the group that initially push this project 5dAqTyGOj2A-00301-00237277-00238253 through and said they wanted to fund this project, most of them have already graduated without having benefited from the OER project. They were 5dAqTyGOj2A-00302-00237903-00238453 looking at students in the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00303-00238853-00239253 future. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00304-00239194-00239953 The students felt like they were out there on their own on a cost issue. We were able 5dAqTyGOj2A-00306-00240653-00241403 Of course, the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00307-00241669-00242069 policies around OER focus on a lot of things. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00308-00241953-00242353 We started planning 5dAqTyGOj2A-00309-00242553-00243203 to assist our project as we went. We knew we were going 5dAqTyGOj2A-00310-00243639-00244053 to run some pilots in the first two years. During that time we wanted to begin to change the way we think about our 5dAqTyGOj2A-00311-00244481-00245353 institution think about adopting resources. One of the things we're still working on that we are getting closer, is that now when a department talks about adopting a textbook, we went to the first step to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00312-00245303-00246004 not call a publisher but to first look at 5dAqTyGOj2A-00313-00246174-00246603 OER. That is one step that we are working towards. We get closer all the time. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00314-00246552-00247303 As part of that structure we have been doing a lot of assessment of the success of the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00315-00248367-00248775 classrooms that are using OER. We asked the students how it has affected their learning. We asked the faculty how it has affected their teaching and their experience. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00316-00248404-00249254 Then we also look at retention and success data to make sure that the students are staying at least as successful as they are in the courses that 5dAqTyGOj2A-00317-00249314-00249714 use traditional textbooks. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00318-00249354-00250304 So, we are focusing on the structures and how the changes in using OER affect our students and our 5dAqTyGOj2A-00320-00250654-00251054 So we are working on that. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00322-00251454-00252354 We haven't had as big an effect in the policy areas around, for example, faculty 5dAqTyGOj2A-00323-00252354-00252954 development. Many faculty who adopt OER want to put it on 5dAqTyGOj2A-00324-00253435-00254353 their faculty professional development plans. It makes sense, but we need to be able to tie OER back to some sort of development. We have to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00325-00254410-00254850 explain how that happens or else it cheapens the experience and 5dAqTyGOj2A-00326-00255683-00256102 So, it is being able to prove what we say when we say 5dAqTyGOj2A-00327-00256313-00256713 it. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00328-00256318-00257005 Another thing I think is important from the student perspective is that we are affecting another level of policy in some of our 5dAqTyGOj2A-00329-00257070-00257470 classes at the classroom level. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00330-00257105-00258005 What I mean by that is that we are doing some work around teaching our students about their intellectual property 5dAqTyGOj2A-00331-00257805-00258702 rights and asking them to pick about licensing their work in an open way. We started doing it mostly 5dAqTyGOj2A-00332-00258669-00259405 because we would get really incredible student papers or projects that the teachers really 5dAqTyGOj2A-00333-00259450-00260301 like and that the student says they can share with another class. The teacher then takes the paper or project and only shares it 5dAqTyGOj2A-00334-00260424-00261005 with their own students. We want to be able to share that work with a wider community and for a 5dAqTyGOj2A-00336-00262717-00263714 We have done 5dAqTyGOj2A-00337-00263356-00264156 it by putting stewed workup on websites and things like 5dAqTyGOj2A-00339-00264888-00265790 There will be challenges with open education. For example, 5dAqTyGOj2A-00340-00265735-00266606 we get all of this great student work and they open license it and we don't have a great way to share their work 5dAqTyGOj2A-00342-00267006-00267956 Paul earlier made a comment that he was looking for places where we can put in our 5dAqTyGOj2A-00343-00267706-00268606 catalogs, this is a textbook free class. We would love to do 5dAqTyGOj2A-00344-00268606-00269356 that. We have been trying to effect institutional change so we 5dAqTyGOj2A-00345-00269208-00270106 know early in the process before students start to enroll for their classes that they will be able to take an OER 5dAqTyGOj2A-00346-00269906-00270806 class so they can plan for 5dAqTyGOj2A-00348-00271549-00272456 This is an example of how it doesn't always supported. Last quarter when students went to buy 5dAqTyGOj2A-00349-00272206-00272606 their textbooks and they went 5dAqTyGOj2A-00350-00272773-00273306 into the online bookstore to purchase their textbooks. There was an open 5dAqTyGOj2A-00351-00273493-00274356 education course and the students got this message. It looks like the instructor did not put 5dAqTyGOj2A-00352-00274356-00274756 in a book order. That was not 5dAqTyGOj2A-00353-00275336-00276057 true. They were not using a textbook in the class. It wasn't OER class. There was miscommunication. The students were often told in the bookstore 5dAqTyGOj2A-00354-00276174-00276607 that the bookstore was waiting for the instructor to put the book order in. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00355-00276407-00277007 We have been making inroads to correct that. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00356-00276907-00277407 This slide shows 5dAqTyGOj2A-00357-00277559-00278457 a book order where it is indicated that there is no book 5dAqTyGOj2A-00358-00278207-00278607 needed. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00359-00278607-00279307 This is not perfect, but it is closer. Because book 5dAqTyGOj2A-00360-00279307-00279707 information has to be published early, 5dAqTyGOj2A-00361-00280032-00280608 sometimes students can figure out which classes do not need textbooks based on what the bookstore says. It is a little bit closer, but it is not 5dAqTyGOj2A-00363-00281655-00282056 I want to talk a little bit about collaboration and how we're doing that. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00365-00282308-00283007 There is a sharing day one of the community colleges 5dAqTyGOj2A-00366-00283676-00284107 where people are able to share within their environment -- even across the hall. What I found about OER is that it is. Relational. As people adopt 5dAqTyGOj2A-00368-00285258-00285658 Being able to talk to people at other 5dAqTyGOj2A-00369-00286090-00286508 institutions help us build a level of collaboration into our OER policy as we go. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00370-00286508-00287108 I went to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00371-00287798-00288558 finish by discussing the student voice. I still think it is the most important voice in this conversation. The students are the ones that tell the faculty members how important their books are. They are the ones that tell their 5dAqTyGOj2A-00372-00288546-00289108 faculty how much they appreciate it when they go beyond traditional textbooks. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00373-00288858-00289258 I am going to 5dAqTyGOj2A-00374-00289380-00290358 go back to EJ's 5dAqTyGOj2A-00375-00290008-00290408 voice. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00376-00290158-00291158 [AUDIO 5dAqTyGOj2A-00377-00290808-00291708 CLiP] 5dAqTyGOj2A-00378-00291608-00292408 >> 5dAqTyGOj2A-00379-00292258-00292658 MODERATOR: We are going to go 5dAqTyGOj2A-00382-00295259-00296259 The webinar will be California community colleges, share it forward 5dAqTyGOj2A-00383-00295959-00296909 with 5dAqTyGOj2A-00385-00298509-00298909 Now, let's 5dAqTyGOj2A-00386-00298979-00299909 take some questions. You can post your questions in the chat box, or 5dAqTyGOj2A-00388-00300309-00300709 >>: 5dAqTyGOj2A-00389-00300988-00301410 Ryan asked, what were the criteria in the call for proposals for it 5dAqTyGOj2A-00390-00301669-00302069 >>Lisa: 5dAqTyGOj2A-00392-00303159-00303559 >>: 5dAqTyGOj2A-00393-00303609-00304609 Let's see. There was a question for Quill from David. He 5dAqTyGOj2A-00395-00305310-00305710 >>Quill: 5dAqTyGOj2A-00396-00305913-00306860 yes, it depends on the materials that the faculty adopts, but if it is something that can be easily printed, there is an on demand option if the faculty 5dAqTyGOj2A-00397-00306760-00307160 member chooses it. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00398-00307010-00307960 >> MODERATOR: I'm going to add that if you know of a college where that is an option, I think it would be very 5dAqTyGOj2A-00399-00307710-00308560 interesting for 5dAqTyGOj2A-00400-00308460-00309460 other colleges to know about it. Please e-mail myself or 5dAqTyGOj2A-00402-00310560-00311110 Other any other questions out there? 5dAqTyGOj2A-00403-00311060-00311910 It seems as though our speakers have done a very thorough 5dAqTyGOj2A-00404-00312027-00312561 job of sharing their projects and addressing questions along the way. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00405-00312460-00313410 I went to once again thank Paul, Lisa, and 5dAqTyGOj2A-00406-00313381-00314160 Quill for the great work that they are 5dAqTyGOj2A-00407-00314010-00314860 doing and for showing us the way forward in adopting open 5dAqTyGOj2A-00408-00315023-00315711 policies. Not only doing it on the ground but also including students and providing examples of the 5dAqTyGOj2A-00409-00315661-00316061 state, national, and international 5dAqTyGOj2A-00410-00316711-00317114 policies that will help us move things forward for our students. 5dAqTyGOj2A-00411-00316716-00318161 Thank you for everything. Please remember the next webinar is December 11 at 11:00 AM.With that, thank you very much and have a great day. 5enQndw3Hmo-00000-00000000-00000200 These are basic accounting concepts that will enable you to understand accounting procedures and it might also help you in your assignment during study 5fmjh6sc0-u-00000-00000000-00000784 hello everyone my name is jerry bjorn welcome back to pokemon legends rcs so i've been catching a lot 5fmjh6sc0-u-00001-00000784-00001768 of pokemon like this apra new one on the team but yeah i got 49 pokemon so we're gonna turn these in 5fmjh6sc0-u-00002-00001823-00002552 and then go see the commander and someone else about i don't know what our next mission 5fmjh6sc0-u-00003-00002704-00003672 notable finds some scythers mr mime jr i got that level 30 graveler but it was one of the 5fmjh6sc0-u-00004-00003888-00004384 i don't know one of the wild ones or whatever 5fmjh6sc0-u-00005-00004584-00005280 all right 12 000 30 or more in one report different pokemons 20 different 5fmjh6sc0-u-00006-00005280-00005800 species six new ones 13 back straights and one alpha that's what they're calling 5fmjh6sc0-u-00007-00006224-00006816 all right oh it seems you've made some new observation let's have a look yeah now the pokedex 5fmjh6sc0-u-00008-00006816-00008584 should get a lot more full so there's 15 that are completed last i think there was like nine 5fmjh6sc0-u-00009-00008920-00008952 all right 5fmjh6sc0-u-00010-00009280-00009984 15 40. that's not terrible it'll it at least gets me another star 5fmjh6sc0-u-00011-00010192-00010312 uh return to the village 5fmjh6sc0-u-00012-00010544-00011432 yeah so we'll go back get another star and then i guess progress i don't know 5fmjh6sc0-u-00013-00011432-00011880 whatever order they make me do these things and what are you people doing 5fmjh6sc0-u-00014-00012408-00012808 the ginkgo got guild cards those items you won't find at the general store 5fmjh6sc0-u-00015-00012888-00013176 i don't need any of this junk it berries at home 5fmjh6sc0-u-00016-00013560-00013647 anything catch your eye 5fmjh6sc0-u-00017-00013863-00014184 uh not really 5fmjh6sc0-u-00018-00014840-00015584 that's right i need to do stuff so those guys can sell more things 5fmjh6sc0-u-00019-00015816-00017008 right now it's how much more can you teach me to pack 5fmjh6sc0-u-00020-00017008-00017504 yeah i'm guessing next one's going to be 6 000 which i cannot afford 5fmjh6sc0-u-00021-00018048-00018832 yota claims to have seen a rather strange ponytail all right i'm guessing it's an alpha one but 5fmjh6sc0-u-00022-00019160-00019784 our investigation for the grandeur will grind a hole if you're becoming fantastic 5fmjh6sc0-u-00023-00019904-00020336 oh yeah she can look at my book to see how good i am 5fmjh6sc0-u-00024-00020752-00021184 you made progress seems you've earned yourself a star 5fmjh6sc0-u-00025-00021456-00021512 three star 5fmjh6sc0-u-00026-00021944-00022320 with this you have officially attained the rank of third star you can now use 5fmjh6sc0-u-00027-00022320-00022880 great balls and pokemon up till 40 will be you the rewards you earn better have this as well 5fmjh6sc0-u-00028-00023016-00023360 oh yeah the recipe apricorn iron and a tumble stone 5fmjh6sc0-u-00029-00023728-00024080 ah man i'm still short of that next rank 5fmjh6sc0-u-00030-00024392-00024432 all right 5fmjh6sc0-u-00031-00024696-00024872 so our new main mission 5fmjh6sc0-u-00032-00025136-00025384 is 5fmjh6sc0-u-00033-00025952-00026544 so it's come to ursuluna as well this is just that even pokemon that are not noodles can become 5fmjh6sc0-u-00034-00026544-00027432 frenzy i did not read that in case you have my thanks miss or freezu you did us well to 5fmjh6sc0-u-00035-00027432-00028000 inform us of barcelona's situation no problem ottoman's got his hands full running our clan 5fmjh6sc0-u-00036-00028000-00028583 and all and ursulina's ward wouldn't even give me the time of day so the galaxy team are the only 5fmjh6sc0-u-00037-00028583-00029256 ones i could turn to about this barcelona's warden is mistress calaba of the pearl clan 5fmjh6sc0-u-00038-00029256-00029839 is it not of all the wardens she is the most narrow-minded bound by tradition 5fmjh6sc0-u-00039-00030144-00031024 she likely does not take kindly to outsiders meddling in her affairs 5fmjh6sc0-u-00040-00031024-00031488 i have a new mission for you yeah bro i order you to study ursulina in the crimson meyer lies 5fmjh6sc0-u-00041-00031488-00031712 i permit you to show your strength if necessary 5fmjh6sc0-u-00042-00032056-00032784 good timing for me next area you will be sent to investigate is the crimson marlins 5fmjh6sc0-u-00043-00032784-00033192 you find the pokemon living there to be more fearsome than those in the obsidian field lands 5fmjh6sc0-u-00044-00033192-00033712 even the landscape itself is harsher steep ravines and sea size cliffs your current rank you should 5fmjh6sc0-u-00045-00033712-00034232 be able to handle the crimson airlines on your own here's what you need to know your destination is a 5fmjh6sc0-u-00046-00034232-00034768 place within the marlins known as the salesian ruins this is where you'll find the warden 5fmjh6sc0-u-00047-00035016-00035184 all right 5fmjh6sc0-u-00048-00035536-00035688 so we unlock a new map 5fmjh6sc0-u-00049-00036080-00037088 and that's it i guess i think if i craft from here i can craft out of the storage too 5fmjh6sc0-u-00050-00037752-00037984 i mean 5fmjh6sc0-u-00051-00038744-00039560 might as well craft a bunch of them a favorite and organized 5fmjh6sc0-u-00052-00039920-00040296 i'd rather have my pokeballs be first but i guess that's fine 5fmjh6sc0-u-00053-00040704-00040784 all right 5fmjh6sc0-u-00054-00041160-00041568 oh here's our not dawn person 5fmjh6sc0-u-00055-00041864-00042336 oh hello yay i was just getting the itch to battle with you and now here you are must be a sign 5fmjh6sc0-u-00056-00042528-00042928 i mean i guess that's how i find bow so i can go crystal pikachu 5fmjh6sc0-u-00057-00043200-00044984 i mean if you think getting we'll make pikachu like you more good luck 5fmjh6sc0-u-00058-00045832-00046384 i don't think upping oh it would have i guess it would have mattered actually 5fmjh6sc0-u-00059-00047136-00047784 probably should have went for the electric attack okay two attacks doesn't seem quite 5fmjh6sc0-u-00060-00049672-00050584 boom 5fmjh6sc0-u-00061-00050720-00051072 oops i keep finding myself caught up and observing the way the pokemon use their moves 5fmjh6sc0-u-00062-00051536-00052160 oh level ups a new move in a move mastery pikachu may not be happy with me after 5fmjh6sc0-u-00063-00052160-00052720 that that's what i said thank you for battling with me here have this recipe 5fmjh6sc0-u-00064-00053072-00053384 stealth spray 5fmjh6sc0-u-00065-00053448-00053488 all right 5fmjh6sc0-u-00066-00053840-00054191 do you know the ones i mean they've been appearing here and there lately it seems like they hold 5fmjh6sc0-u-00067-00054191-00054496 wonderful items but frightfully strong pointless you plan to go 5fmjh6sc0-u-00068-00054496-00054808 into one be careful about it now time to head to the marlins camp 5fmjh6sc0-u-00069-00055040-00056184 yes take me there oh wow it's far away 5fmjh6sc0-u-00070-00056864-00057448 this does not look significantly different than where i just was i mean kind of it looks like 5fmjh6sc0-u-00071-00057448-00058208 everything was burnt and a lot of martians here we are my boy the crimson ireland's an 5fmjh6sc0-u-00072-00058208-00058672 area teaming with poison wielding pokemon and plenty of others besides i've heard 5fmjh6sc0-u-00073-00058672-00059048 about your mission here bro if you're looking for those felician runes they're off that way 5fmjh6sc0-u-00074-00059255-00059408 ah very good 5fmjh6sc0-u-00075-00059712-00059848 i will also be off that way 5fmjh6sc0-u-00076-00060176-00060560 for now i'll keep searching for their space-time distortions a little way of 5fmjh6sc0-u-00077-00060560-00061024 knowing where where one might appear i'll do my best sure it'd be handy if my map could tell me 5fmjh6sc0-u-00078-00061200-00061624 space-time distortions are dangerous places where powerful pokemon appear 5fmjh6sc0-u-00079-00061624-00061984 however if you're brave enough to enter them you might be able to find rare pokemon on items 5fmjh6sc0-u-00080-00061984-00062336 counting on both of you to carry out your survey board as best you can 5fmjh6sc0-u-00081-00062336-00062736 be mindful of your limitations if wild pokemon giving you trouble i suggest you 5fmjh6sc0-u-00082-00062736-00063184 go to the training grounds and have captain zizu teach your pokemon some strong moves 5fmjh6sc0-u-00083-00063488-00063991 oh i saw oh you have a mission i saw a ghastly 5fmjh6sc0-u-00084-00064167-00064632 hey there you're that go-getter i have a request for you i'd love to know more pokemon called 5fmjh6sc0-u-00085-00064632-00065984 azalea all right somewhere in the mines do you think i can complete the page yeah eventually 5fmjh6sc0-u-00086-00067240-00067384 oh no i think it's spotted me 5fmjh6sc0-u-00087-00068544-00068784 50 damage that's a lot 5fmjh6sc0-u-00088-00069808-00070184 all right uh if they're a pokemon i got a lot of them 5fmjh6sc0-u-00089-00071128-00071824 all right and now i could put gasoline on my team oh someone wanted pretty greens 5fmjh6sc0-u-00090-00072272-00072984 like cardinal vine 5fmjh6sc0-u-00091-00073712-00073736 oh 5fmjh6sc0-u-00092-00073984-00074384 i think it sees me 5fmjh6sc0-u-00093-00074448-00074776 oh yeah oh god i would hate to see this 5fmjh6sc0-u-00094-00075392-00075784 i had it with a regular ember 5fmjh6sc0-u-00095-00076752-00077184 come on 5fmjh6sc0-u-00096-00077360-00077392 all right 5fmjh6sc0-u-00097-00077984-00078584 so far not going bad 5fmjh6sc0-u-00098-00079512-00079984 i should battle it and add it to my book but 5fmjh6sc0-u-00099-00082688-00084184 i could have sworn i hit him but 5fmjh6sc0-u-00100-00085400-00085584 oh he's in no battle 5fmjh6sc0-u-00101-00086336-00087008 i just love hitting him in the face 5fmjh6sc0-u-00102-00087008-00087064 broke free 5fmjh6sc0-u-00103-00088336-00088464 oh african evolve 5fmjh6sc0-u-00104-00088776-00089312 don't change everything when a wild pokemon lashes out at you when you dodge right out of the way 5fmjh6sc0-u-00105-00089608-00091184 that's right so let's see about some evolution 5fmjh6sc0-u-00106-00091792-00091824 nice 5fmjh6sc0-u-00107-00092056-00092584 you got the idea for a new move love it 5fmjh6sc0-u-00108-00092712-00092848 oh confusion good 5fmjh6sc0-u-00109-00093216-00093984 all right i assumed something bad was gonna happen as soon as i stepped in here 5fmjh6sc0-u-00110-00094672-00095568 wow she looks exhausted i'm calaba of the pearl clan word in calabala to you oh now would you 5fmjh6sc0-u-00111-00095568-00096096 look at that you have a celestical flute you must be the one they say thought of the space-time rift 5fmjh6sc0-u-00112-00096288-00096352 that's right 5fmjh6sc0-u-00113-00096568-00097248 i see i see i've already heard about you that you quote clever in his frenzy i'm sure many people 5fmjh6sc0-u-00114-00097248-00097680 were saved by your actions but i wonder if there wasn't some other way to handle the situation 5fmjh6sc0-u-00115-00097816-00098184 what you did is hardly different from bullying a pokemon into submission after all 5fmjh6sc0-u-00116-00098288-00098656 you run around catching pokemon up in those little balls you carry 5fmjh6sc0-u-00117-00098752-00099040 you need any help from your sword or the diamond clan for that matter 5fmjh6sc0-u-00118-00099104-00099808 that young lady harris arizu offered to help but associate with a diamond clan i just won't do 5fmjh6sc0-u-00119-00099920-00100328 be on your way there's much i must do i prefer not to be distracted any further 5fmjh6sc0-u-00120-00100864-00101496 ah yeah bro how about you show me the strength that could quell even a frenzied lord i mean 5fmjh6sc0-u-00121-00101496-00101928 i guess about if you might let me experience even a fraction of the power of the noblesville 5fmjh6sc0-u-00122-00102064-00102304 well i have more power than the nobles wheeled 5fmjh6sc0-u-00123-00103408-00103888 oh yeah i forgot my cadavers first what type is your total p 5fmjh6sc0-u-00124-00104664-00105335 oh i am at kind of a level disadvantage so maybe this isn't the greatest idea that's mostly 5fmjh6sc0-u-00125-00105335-00106920 fine the [ __ ] i thought i got did i lose an attack 5fmjh6sc0-u-00126-00107456-00107983 that's it it pissed me off 5fmjh6sc0-u-00127-00108400-00109383 oh that's right he used an agile attack 5fmjh6sc0-u-00128-00109559-00110783 well it's in trouble now 5fmjh6sc0-u-00129-00112824-00113583 i don't think i think of my attacks power levels there's no real advantage to using that one 5fmjh6sc0-u-00130-00115064-00116383 so i don't think anyone is affected against a dragon 5fmjh6sc0-u-00131-00117656-00117783 my goodness that was fun 5fmjh6sc0-u-00132-00118496-00119183 it's just strength now let me heal up your pokemon 5fmjh6sc0-u-00133-00119280-00119735 well now i think that sells it let's ask your help in retrieving the stolen wall fragment if you're 5fmjh6sc0-u-00134-00119735-00120559 skilled sure yes exactly some bands pillaged the silicone ruins and made off a fragment of the wall 5fmjh6sc0-u-00135-00120559-00121096 and grievance if you not heard of the notorious misfortunes they're a tree of bandits that have 5fmjh6sc0-u-00136-00121168-00121688 even hit us ginkgo guild memphians more than a few times not the kind of regulars 5fmjh6sc0-u-00137-00121688-00122311 i like to have let me tell you mr scala is doing everything she can to regain the 5fmjh6sc0-u-00138-00122311-00122759 fragment but at 99 years old it's a bit hard for her to chase leads all over the place 5fmjh6sc0-u-00139-00123208-00123728 that's not very nice so what do you say kind sir why not help find the fragment for the warden 5fmjh6sc0-u-00140-00123728-00124144 or naturally i'll be happy to lend you a hand their sisters sweep my words too 5fmjh6sc0-u-00141-00124208-00124520 and i know gingko guild merchant if i take that line down 5fmjh6sc0-u-00142-00124608-00125008 far be it for me to let them just get away with vandalizing the precious ruins of the region 5fmjh6sc0-u-00143-00125111-00126183 you know i did see the remains of a campfire near the marlins camp perhaps worth checking out 5fmjh6sc0-u-00144-00126392-00127583 all right so all right just right over there 5fmjh6sc0-u-00145-00128056-00128983 i really thought i was going to walk right into it 5fmjh6sc0-u-00146-00130464-00130783 oh yeah since i guess getting to move again is just going to hurt him 5fmjh6sc0-u-00147-00131472-00131784 you're much better off 5fmjh6sc0-u-00148-00132232-00133184 it's like you're much safer in that 5fmjh6sc0-u-00149-00134264-00134584 a bonus ball of mud 5fmjh6sc0-u-00150-00137728-00137752 wow 5fmjh6sc0-u-00151-00138712-00138784 knockout 5fmjh6sc0-u-00152-00141344-00141584 foreign 5fmjh6sc0-u-00153-00142304-00142984 sorry paris but i strictly believe in no survivors 5fmjh6sc0-u-00154-00143536-00143664 oh here's that campfire 5fmjh6sc0-u-00155-00144112-00144624 four for stumps campfire of three that's suspicious 5fmjh6sc0-u-00156-00144920-00145400 it's a burned-out campfire somebody must have been here it doesn't look very burnt out 5fmjh6sc0-u-00157-00145624-00145928 oh my not some straight traveler from the look of you 5fmjh6sc0-u-00158-00146152-00146456 it's like one reason people go poking around out here in the middle of nowhere 5fmjh6sc0-u-00159-00146536-00147144 you're after us three aren't you sisters we should introduce ourselves properly 5fmjh6sc0-u-00160-00147144-00147512 before we show this poor fool how wrong he was to assume he could ever beat us 5fmjh6sc0-u-00161-00147896-00148472 i bring good luck to my sisters wherever i go and ill luck to anyone who crosses our paths i'm the 5fmjh6sc0-u-00162-00148472-00149224 eldest and i'll be your unlucky charm i thought you spotted thought you spotted a four-leaf clover 5fmjh6sc0-u-00163-00149224-00149984 well i'll soon have you seen double i'm the middle sister and i'm one clover you can't pick 5fmjh6sc0-u-00164-00150152-00150672 heads i win and tails you lose you've got no chance in this game of fortunes i'm the 5fmjh6sc0-u-00165-00150672-00151384 youngest coin but i'm definitely not your good luck piece i love all three of those names and 5fmjh6sc0-u-00166-00151488-00152032 things about them we're the infamous bandit trio the misfortunate sisters your luck's just run out 5fmjh6sc0-u-00167-00152248-00152816 let me handle this sisters i'll only hurt him a little come on toxic kroger let's douse this form 5fmjh6sc0-u-00168-00153400-00154184 all right okay good she just has the one pokemon 5fmjh6sc0-u-00169-00154496-00154944 oh shoot cadaver i forgot you're out first that is a slight problem 5fmjh6sc0-u-00170-00155368-00156072 it's poison with psyche yes wow that is convenient 5fmjh6sc0-u-00171-00156592-00156784 i'm not fond of this outcome but at least it's 5fmjh6sc0-u-00172-00156784-00157040 still better than plowing fields for the galaxy team 5fmjh6sc0-u-00173-00157384-00158192 nice three level ups that's good the galaxy team continues to spoil things for me even after i've 5fmjh6sc0-u-00174-00158192-00158776 left take the blasted fragment and go just leave us alone was that the whole fragment 5fmjh6sc0-u-00175-00159216-00159608 the weird writing on it makes us think the stupid thing was some kind of treasure 5fmjh6sc0-u-00176-00159608-00159936 turned out to be a worthless slab of junk all that effort for nothing 5fmjh6sc0-u-00177-00160024-00160408 tell me why were you even seeking us out i'll set you on this path 5fmjh6sc0-u-00178-00160784-00161352 i mean i gotta help barcelona goodness how selfless you are to go so far out of your 5fmjh6sc0-u-00179-00161352-00161888 way for the sake of another not all of us have the luxury of offering such unthinking 5fmjh6sc0-u-00180-00161888-00162392 kindness to strangers for some of us simply surviving another day takes all that we have 5fmjh6sc0-u-00181-00162464-00162792 i've got a score to sell with the galaxy team which now includes you 5fmjh6sc0-u-00182-00163120-00163448 remember what those ancient verses tell us why is it 5fmjh6sc0-u-00183-00163448-00164120 in days of spring beneath the soft caress of the sun the blossoms tremble and fall spirits 5fmjh6sc0-u-00184-00164120-00164568 lashed by uncertainty your days are also numbered galaxy fool 5fmjh6sc0-u-00185-00164824-00164912 all right but 5fmjh6sc0-u-00186-00165184-00166784 my days are less number than theirs 5fmjh6sc0-u-00187-00167584-00168184 all right there's nothing else on this side 5fmjh6sc0-u-00188-00168896-00169584 yeah i say don't run me into the river 5fmjh6sc0-u-00189-00170664-00170984 how am i missing twice 5fmjh6sc0-u-00190-00172200-00172384 casey pops right back out 5fmjh6sc0-u-00191-00173296-00173968 side look you're about to get wrecked just remember i chose this 5fmjh6sc0-u-00192-00174456-00174704 i really think i might be a villain to this pokemon world 5fmjh6sc0-u-00193-00174848-00175424 it's either join my team or be destroyed which is not the greatest 5fmjh6sc0-u-00194-00175696-00176584 yeah those don't make me sound like the greatest trainer ever 5fmjh6sc0-u-00195-00176728-00176808 oh that worked 5fmjh6sc0-u-00196-00177640-00178456 i need to heal any uh ponyta is short like 50 health i just make like one of these 5fmjh6sc0-u-00197-00179072-00179384 i hate wasting a super potion 5fmjh6sc0-u-00198-00180480-00180920 good work very good work indeed here but and got the fragment back safe and sound 5fmjh6sc0-u-00199-00181008-00181552 very well aware of calabar's repetition they say she's stubborn too old-fashioned and so on 5fmjh6sc0-u-00200-00181552-00181888 but she's given the pearl clan all she has ever since she was young 5fmjh6sc0-u-00201-00181888-00182400 she lived her prime years here in the heisu region trusting in the guidance of all mighty cinno 5fmjh6sc0-u-00202-00182400-00182832 i don't think it says she hates the diamond clan or the galaxy team rather thinks she simply 5fmjh6sc0-u-00203-00182832-00183360 loves the pearl clan very very much anyway i do hope you're able to calm ursulina's frenzy yeah 5fmjh6sc0-u-00204-00183424-00183744 raging pokemon the area definitely isn't good for business i assure you 5fmjh6sc0-u-00205-00184256-00184984 is this just gonna be a fraction there's no way this is the whole piece 5fmjh6sc0-u-00206-00185072-00185456 oh so you come to bother me again come as often as you like but it won't change my mind 5fmjh6sc0-u-00207-00185712-00186088 what you wouldn't ever treat the fragment from those bandits why go out of your way 5fmjh6sc0-u-00208-00186088-00186672 like that for a complete stranger like me i guess you're that ear to calm us luna 5fmjh6sc0-u-00209-00187232-00187784 admit didn't expect anybody else to truly care for ursulina well let's see that wall fragment 5fmjh6sc0-u-00210-00188200-00188512 and here we go good as new oh 5fmjh6sc0-u-00211-00188856-00188936 what does it say 5fmjh6sc0-u-00212-00189168-00189448 all lives to you 5fmjh6sc0-u-00213-00190080-00190584 as i say all lives tough 5fmjh6sc0-u-00214-00190808-00191984 other 5fmjh6sc0-u-00215-00192232-00192656 all lives tough lives lives to 5fmjh6sc0-u-00216-00193056-00193416 create 5fmjh6sc0-u-00217-00193416-00193536 oh what the phrases 5fmjh6sc0-u-00218-00193888-00193944 something 5fmjh6sc0-u-00219-00194584-00195176 a and a new something a new and alive 5fmjh6sc0-u-00220-00195528-00195664 [ __ ] why the [ __ ] did i read it 5fmjh6sc0-u-00221-00196288-00196696 suppose it means people helping each other like how you helped retrieve the fragment 5fmjh6sc0-u-00222-00196696-00197064 i've read this passage many many times this is the first thing 5fmjh6sc0-u-00223-00197064-00197584 time i've truly understood what it means maybe this is almighty synonymous guidance 5fmjh6sc0-u-00224-00197832-00197960 what is your name then boy 5fmjh6sc0-u-00225-00198376-00198824 sierra please let me your strength so that we may help barcelona 5fmjh6sc0-u-00226-00198824-00199304 it's true that ursuline has become enraged but he doesn't seem to be in an utter frenzy 5fmjh6sc0-u-00227-00199304-00199584 i think he will return to his norse if we just give him some medicine 5fmjh6sc0-u-00228-00200336-00200904 i could never bring myself to engage pokemon in battle that's something i can rely on you for 5fmjh6sc0-u-00229-00200904-00201512 am i right ursula prefers to stay on sludge mound please join me there when you're ready 5fmjh6sc0-u-00230-00201664-00202200 sledge mountain sounds terrible where is that oh wow this is the other side of the place 5fmjh6sc0-u-00231-00202672-00203024 new mission there and a new mission back here 5fmjh6sc0-u-00232-00203176-00203848 but uh thank you guys so much for watching this i'm actually gonna finish this up right now 5fmjh6sc0-u-00233-00204048-00205048 so yeah next time we'll head down to sludge mound try to fight free help helper selena something 5fmjh6sc0-u-00234-00205176-00205984 but as always 5fmjh6sc0-u-00235-00207856-00207864 you 5ibd-BFawTE-00000-00000916-00001016 foreign 5ibd-BFawTE-00001-00001016-00001116 [Music] 5ibd-BFawTE-00002-00001116-00001300 good afternoon folks my name is Sandy this is sewing with Sandy welcome back to the channel 5ibd-BFawTE-00003-00001300-00001914 just a moment ago I made my way out here to the forest with my 2012 coyote dk40sc you 5ibd-BFawTE-00004-00001914-00002387 guys can see it right here behind me now this tractor was purchased uh probably about four 5ibd-BFawTE-00005-00002387-00002889 years ago and I'm very very happy with the purchase still it's been a very reliable tractor 5ibd-BFawTE-00006-00002889-00003243 and it's certainly been a Workhorse around here now today I'm going to tell you just 5ibd-BFawTE-00007-00003243-00003814 a little bit about some of its functionalities including this thing right here a grapple 5ibd-BFawTE-00008-00003814-00004214 I think if you're in the market for a grapple or maybe you're looking at buying a tractor 5ibd-BFawTE-00009-00004214-00004685 and you don't know what what attachments and implements and things like that to get I'll 5ibd-BFawTE-00010-00004685-00005209 tell you one thing a grapple is probably right up there with the single most important things 5ibd-BFawTE-00011-00005209-00005632 you can get with the tractor especially if you're going to be doing work around the woods 5ibd-BFawTE-00012-00005632-00006364 sort of like I do this right here is an HLA a 66 inch wide root rake it's actually called 5ibd-BFawTE-00013-00006364-00006906 the light duty root rake with grapple and uh you'll see on the side here here's the 5ibd-BFawTE-00014-00006906-00007264 detail details so this thing's been in action for probably the better part of four years 5ibd-BFawTE-00015-00007264-00007715 since I've got the tractor and well it has held up very very well I'm going to tell you 5ibd-BFawTE-00016-00007715-00008235 about why I like this and how I saved some money when I bought this and I didn't save 5ibd-BFawTE-00017-00008235-00008704 money because I had a discount code or anything like that but how I actually mounted this 5ibd-BFawTE-00018-00008704-00009127 to the Tractor in order to make it function is how I saved the money what I'm going to 5ibd-BFawTE-00019-00009127-00009547 be talking about today is how you connect this to the very front of the loader when 5ibd-BFawTE-00020-00009547-00010018 you don't have hydraulic hookups because I didn't when I originally was looking at this 5ibd-BFawTE-00021-00010018-00010488 tractor so just to back up here a little bit when I was originally looking to buy a tractor 5ibd-BFawTE-00022-00010488-00010952 I was looking at older tractors to begin with I was looking older because they were cheaper 5ibd-BFawTE-00023-00010952-00011638 when I say older I'm talking like 90s maybe late 80s tractors and the trouble I was Finding 5ibd-BFawTE-00024-00011638-00012143 was I didn't want to buy something that was going to need work I'm not a diesel mechanic 5ibd-BFawTE-00025-00012143-00012618 in the least and because I don't have a huge wealth of knowledge with tractors at that 5ibd-BFawTE-00026-00012618-00013147 time I didn't want to open up a can of worms that I couldn't close so I ended up buying 5ibd-BFawTE-00027-00013147-00013620 a tractor that was a little bit newer than what I originally anticipated and I think 5ibd-BFawTE-00028-00013620-00013959 that worked out for the better this was not brand new when I bought it I think I think 5ibd-BFawTE-00029-00013959-00014455 I got it it had right around 500 hours it was actually being used by the dealership 5ibd-BFawTE-00030-00014455-00014997 to clear snow they had a full history on this which was great they used it every day or 5ibd-BFawTE-00031-00014997-00015551 at least every day in the winter and so that that also made me feel a bit reassured so 5ibd-BFawTE-00032-00015551-00016054 I ended up buying it the only trouble is I wanted to do some things with it but it wasn't 5ibd-BFawTE-00033-00016054-00016601 capable of it yet as I mentioned the grapple was going to be very important for me as you 5ibd-BFawTE-00034-00016601-00017156 guys know I do a lot of log work and so I needed hydraulic connections at the front 5ibd-BFawTE-00035-00017156-00017601 so the suggestions they had for me at the dealer was basically three things I could 5ibd-BFawTE-00036-00017601-00018319 do a third function kit I could do a diverter valve or I could do what I did which was basically 5ibd-BFawTE-00037-00018319-00019068 run really long hydraulic lines all the way along the loader all the way underneath you 5ibd-BFawTE-00038-00019068-00019786 guys can still see them there they are there all the way underneath to my rear remotes 5ibd-BFawTE-00039-00019786-00020348 and here's where they come up and here's where they connect I went with that and I went with 5ibd-BFawTE-00040-00020348-00020781 that at the time because I was already spending a boatload of money I didn't have any more 5ibd-BFawTE-00041-00020781-00021235 money to give that was a good option I didn't know if that was going to last in the long 5ibd-BFawTE-00042-00021235-00021770 term but I can tell you it's still here I do like third functions I do like diverter 5ibd-BFawTE-00043-00021770-00022145 valves but for the amount of effort the amount of money that it would take to get that and 5ibd-BFawTE-00044-00022145-00022651 the amount of use I'm using the grapple I think this is a good alternative and so those 5ibd-BFawTE-00045-00022651-00023374 rear remotes are hooked right to this lever and disregard the mess and dust in here so 5ibd-BFawTE-00046-00023374-00024023 here's the main loader here's the here's the rear remote sleaver so it's very close and 5ibd-BFawTE-00047-00024023-00024612 basically how it works it's got two uh two ways to move and ultimately that will allow 5ibd-BFawTE-00048-00024612-00025234 my grapple to open and close and so the only downside with that type of hookup to the rear 5ibd-BFawTE-00049-00025234-00025907 remotes is you don't have the option of doing multiple functions at once so if I wanted 5ibd-BFawTE-00050-00025907-00026468 to move part of the loader and grab onto a log sort of like a hydraulic thumb on a mini 5ibd-BFawTE-00051-00026468-00027002 excavator doing multiple movements at the same time I can't do that if you can live 5ibd-BFawTE-00052-00027002-00027445 without which I can this will save you a whole bunch of money and you may be wondering well 5ibd-BFawTE-00053-00027445-00027900 how much money are we talking well I just priced out today just for curiosity's sake 5ibd-BFawTE-00054-00027900-00028676 what it cost I priced out today a third function kit for my coyote we're talking about 850 5ibd-BFawTE-00055-00028676-00029191 American for that third function kit and then I'd have to install it the time it would take 5ibd-BFawTE-00056-00029191-00029608 me to install it I'd have to factor in a little bit if I was going to pay someone to install 5ibd-BFawTE-00057-00029608-00030049 it like a dealer well you know what they charge although dealers are great don't get me wrong 5ibd-BFawTE-00058-00030049-00030691 they're just expensive right good work costs good money that's 850 bucks top that up with 5ibd-BFawTE-00059-00030691-00031244 a bit of Labor here quite a bit more money than some longer hoses those longer hoses 5ibd-BFawTE-00060-00031244-00031877 here I could probably get those for you know maybe 100 200 bucks uh fittings are not difficult 5ibd-BFawTE-00061-00031877-00032517 to put in all we really had to do here was weld on a bracket and then you can hook up 5ibd-BFawTE-00062-00032517-00032944 the existing hoses from the grapple so if you're looking to get yourself a grapple or 5ibd-BFawTE-00063-00032944-00033314 maybe you're looking for a tractor and it's going to have a grapple you got some decisions 5ibd-BFawTE-00064-00033314-00033918 to make for me for my situation I found this basic setup with long hydraulic hoses running 5ibd-BFawTE-00065-00033918-00034447 to the rear remotes I found that to make the most sense for me kept costs down and because 5ibd-BFawTE-00066-00034447-00034966 I'm not using this grapple every single day for something like a business then I didn't 5ibd-BFawTE-00067-00034966-00035522 think it was worth that big investment for a third function now if a little bit of money 5ibd-BFawTE-00068-00035522-00035930 comes out of one of these trees one of these days sure I'll get a third function kit don't 5ibd-BFawTE-00069-00035930-00036434 uh don't kid yourself but for today I think this is gonna continue to work well and so 5ibd-BFawTE-00070-00036434-00036784 what I'm going to do in just a minute I'm going to well there's actually some little 5ibd-BFawTE-00071-00036784-00037176 logs here under the under the snow I'm gonna pick these up and I'll put them onto my my 5ibd-BFawTE-00072-00037176-00037597 log deck which I've been intending to do for a while and then we're gonna head down the 5ibd-BFawTE-00073-00037597-00038038 trail and I'm gonna pick up some more logs you guys can see exactly what it's like from 5ibd-BFawTE-00074-00038038-00038806 my perspective to use the grapple and this can figuration using this lever it's not perfect 5ibd-BFawTE-00075-00038806-00039294 but it's certainly certainly doing the trick for me maybe this will uh sway your decision 5ibd-BFawTE-00076-00039294-00039679 whether you like this or whether you're staying way away anyways here we go 5ibd-BFawTE-00082-00070049-00070149 foreign 5ibd-BFawTE-00083-00070149-00070249 [Music] 5ibd-BFawTE-00084-00070249-00070349 foreign 5ibd-BFawTE-00085-00070349-00070449 [Music] 5ibd-BFawTE-00086-00070449-00070549 guys I think that's gonna do it for me here today as you tell that works pretty good for 5ibd-BFawTE-00087-00070549-00071089 my application now in a perfect world I'd have a I'd have a third function kit but as 5ibd-BFawTE-00088-00071089-00071530 I said before it's just another expense and when you've got all kinds of equipment and 5ibd-BFawTE-00089-00071530-00071939 you've got land and you've got all kinds of stuff you're spending a lot of money already 5ibd-BFawTE-00090-00071939-00072514 so I'm not really ready to put a little bit more down on the third function quite yet 5ibd-BFawTE-00091-00072514-00072713 I will eventually just not quite yet gotta find some money trees out there I see some 5ibd-BFawTE-00092-00072713-00073037 of them but they're not making me any money right now making me a lot of lumber but that's 5ibd-BFawTE-00093-00073037-00073721 about it guys that's it take care be well make sure you subscribe make sure you like 5ibd-BFawTE-00094-00073721-00074042 the video and I'll see you next time 5lGDKqp5GG4-00000-00000000-00000431 Hello everyone it's Apostle Michelle Peterson and I'm gonna do a quick video 5lGDKqp5GG4-00001-00000431-00000992 about preparing for fasting things that you need to do before you go on a fast 5lGDKqp5GG4-00002-00000992-00001491 that will prepare you for your fast very important things and so the Lord has 5lGDKqp5GG4-00003-00001491-00002433 given me a few things to share with you in this video okay you guys I don't know 5lGDKqp5GG4-00004-00002433-00002819 if you saw my other video on fasting but I will share post a link right here so 5lGDKqp5GG4-00005-00002819-00003138 you can check it out but the Lord actually gave me a revelation and 5lGDKqp5GG4-00006-00003138-00003704 explained to me exactly what fasting was and what happens when we fast and the 5lGDKqp5GG4-00007-00003704-00004223 Lord actually shared with me through Scripture in the Bible when they had 5lGDKqp5GG4-00008-00004223-00004739 came to Jesus and asked Jesus why his disciples wasn't fasting and the Lord 5lGDKqp5GG4-00009-00004739-00005268 Jesus said that you know when the bridegroom is with with you know with 5lGDKqp5GG4-00010-00005268-00005855 the bride chamber that there's no real there's no reason to fast but whenever 5lGDKqp5GG4-00011-00005855-00006443 the bridegroom is gone then they fast and so what the Lord was sharing with me 5lGDKqp5GG4-00012-00006443-00006995 we fast for God to come and be with us to fill us up to be filled with God's 5lGDKqp5GG4-00013-00006995-00007431 presence so when Jesus was with them he was already with them there was no need 5lGDKqp5GG4-00014-00007431-00007833 to fast but he said whenever he leave he's not with them anymore then they 5lGDKqp5GG4-00015-00007833-00008427 will fast okay so the Lord gave me that cool revelation about fasting and what 5lGDKqp5GG4-00016-00008427-00008825 actually happens when we fast what happens we clean all the you know the 5lGDKqp5GG4-00017-00008825-00009407 gross stinky stuff out of our bodies purify our bodies cleanse our bodies so 5lGDKqp5GG4-00018-00009407-00010025 our Lord which is holy and pure can come and fill us up okay and so you can check 5lGDKqp5GG4-00019-00010025-00010400 out that video I kind of go into a little bit more details on how the Lord 5lGDKqp5GG4-00020-00010400-00010850 allowed me to experience that and what he said so today we're going to talk 5lGDKqp5GG4-00021-00010850-00011447 about a few things that you should do before you fast the first thing you 5lGDKqp5GG4-00022-00011447-00011907 definitely need to do is seek the Lord get before the Lord and see what kind of 5lGDKqp5GG4-00023-00011907-00012272 fast he wants you to do there's different types of fast you have a 5lGDKqp5GG4-00024-00012272-00013061 complete fast which the complete fast is no food no water and then you have just 5lGDKqp5GG4-00025-00013061-00013536 the water fast and then you have a fast that's like just where 5lGDKqp5GG4-00026-00013536-00013968 you're just doing vegetables and you're not doing anything real heavy anything 5lGDKqp5GG4-00027-00013968-00014537 that's gonna leave a lot of you know stuff matter inside of your intestines 5lGDKqp5GG4-00028-00014537-00015087 and colon you're not eating anything like that so you have different types of 5lGDKqp5GG4-00029-00015087-00015569 fast and then so first you need to seek the Lord and see what kind of fast he 5lGDKqp5GG4-00030-00015569-00016176 chooses for you to actually go on with him what you know what he feels like you 5lGDKqp5GG4-00031-00016176-00016704 need to do something that's acceptable to him okay then I'll share with you 5lGDKqp5GG4-00032-00016704-00017135 what the Lord actually said three things that's really good for you to do before 5lGDKqp5GG4-00033-00017135-00017604 you fast the first thing the Lord said to do is drink plenty of water and this 5lGDKqp5GG4-00034-00017604-00018165 is what he said he said to drink more than a gallon in one day so if you can 5lGDKqp5GG4-00035-00018165-00018720 get more than a gallon and try to drink that whole thing you know in one day 5lGDKqp5GG4-00036-00018720-00019148 that is that's something that's going to help prepare flush out your system 5lGDKqp5GG4-00037-00019148-00019640 cleaning you out really really good and get you prepared for your fast the 5lGDKqp5GG4-00038-00019640-00020040 second thing that the Lord said that laxatives 5lGDKqp5GG4-00039-00020040-00020612 Lexx ative flush out your body in and so this is what the Lord said I want them 5lGDKqp5GG4-00040-00020612-00021228 to use Alexa t'v to flush their bodies out okay and the Lord told me this like 5lGDKqp5GG4-00041-00021228-00021641 if you check out the first video that's something that he actually gave me a tip 5lGDKqp5GG4-00042-00021641-00022235 because he said demonic spirits thrive in feces like the stuff that's inside of 5lGDKqp5GG4-00043-00022235-00022673 our intestines the colon and all that nasty stuff you know that comes out of 5lGDKqp5GG4-00044-00022673-00023441 us demonic spirits thrive and nastiness and so let's eat it will help get most 5lGDKqp5GG4-00045-00023441-00023837 of that stuff out as much as possible before you go in your fast a laxative 5lGDKqp5GG4-00046-00023837-00024504 will clean your body out and get it as clean as possible when you're doing this 5lGDKqp5GG4-00047-00024504-00024918 fast for the Lord and so this is what the Lord said he wants us to use a 5lGDKqp5GG4-00048-00024918-00025325 laxative to get a lot of the stuff out that we eat and you know stuff is still 5lGDKqp5GG4-00049-00025325-00025838 in there you know actually stays in there for a while okay and then then the 5lGDKqp5GG4-00050-00025838-00026262 Lord actually gave me some things that he actually approves of 5lGDKqp5GG4-00051-00026262-00026812 that's like natural natural laxatives that you can actually do instead of 5lGDKqp5GG4-00052-00026812-00027352 buying the hardcore laxatives that may be harsh you know on your body where 5lGDKqp5GG4-00053-00027352-00027847 here is a list of natural laxatives that the Lord actually gave me that we can 5lGDKqp5GG4-00054-00027847-00028249 actually use instead of using you know this stuff that's in the store that's 5lGDKqp5GG4-00055-00028249-00028594 kind of harsh on our bodies and make kind of hurt us 5lGDKqp5GG4-00056-00028594-00029275 here's a list of natural things that the Lord actually approves of and gave me 5lGDKqp5GG4-00057-00029275-00029719 this list so the first thing the Lord actually told me was oranges oranges is 5lGDKqp5GG4-00058-00029719-00030166 like a natural laxative so that's something that you can plan to eat 5lGDKqp5GG4-00059-00030166-00030880 before you're fast then you have coffee coffee is good it will Clint I mean you 5lGDKqp5GG4-00060-00030880-00031441 know coffee does work on me I mean it flushes me totally out so people milk 5lGDKqp5GG4-00061-00031441-00031852 you know different things the coffee is on the list that the Lord approves of 5lGDKqp5GG4-00062-00031852-00032836 prunes figs olive oil aloe vera and water that is the list that the Lord 5lGDKqp5GG4-00063-00032836-00033277 actually he approves with these things on the list that we can naturally do 5lGDKqp5GG4-00064-00033277-00033783 before our fast to flush out our system to get it you know clean as possible 5lGDKqp5GG4-00065-00033783-00034327 okay and then the next thing the Lord said before we go into a fast make sure 5lGDKqp5GG4-00066-00034327-00034801 you rest because when you're resting your body basically gets a break to try 5lGDKqp5GG4-00067-00034801-00035263 to cleanse itself you know to renew itself because when we're going and 5lGDKqp5GG4-00068-00035263-00035650 going and going our body has to you know it doesn't get a break to try to you 5lGDKqp5GG4-00069-00035650-00036175 know flush stuff out is going it's working so whenever you rest it's much 5lGDKqp5GG4-00070-00036175-00036678 recipe that you can get if you can lay down for you know a long period of time 5lGDKqp5GG4-00071-00036678-00037353 and really let your body rest and flush stuff out that is great to do before 5lGDKqp5GG4-00072-00037353-00037984 you're fast okay okay so if you guys want to read about about fasting start 5lGDKqp5GG4-00073-00037984-00039211 in read in Matthew and 914 and read back down then mark chapter 218 read that 5lGDKqp5GG4-00074-00039211-00039888 down in Luke 530 uh verse 33 and read that 5lGDKqp5GG4-00075-00039888-00040566 Isaiah 58 and three that basically talks about fasting and God choosing a fast 5lGDKqp5GG4-00076-00040566-00040969 because the children of Israel during this time they were kind of fasting for 5lGDKqp5GG4-00077-00040969-00041449 whatever reason they were fasting for but the Lord down here in Isaiah 58 5lGDKqp5GG4-00078-00041449-00042175 verse six he talks about he talks about what fasting is really for he says it's 5lGDKqp5GG4-00079-00042175-00042637 not this the fast that I have chosen now when you fast you do a fast for the 5lGDKqp5GG4-00080-00042637-00043105 Lord now this is the type of fast that he chooses this is what fasting is about 5lGDKqp5GG4-00081-00043105-00043702 to loose the bands of wickedness that's like if in you know the enemy is 5lGDKqp5GG4-00082-00043702-00044206 attacking you if you have sickness in your body you know if you have demonic 5lGDKqp5GG4-00083-00044206-00044518 spirits inside of you and you want to get them out this is what fasting is 5lGDKqp5GG4-00084-00044518-00045235 about to loose the bands of wickedness to undo the heavy burdens and to let the 5lGDKqp5GG4-00085-00045235-00045838 oppressed go free and that you break every yoke that's a question that's what 5lGDKqp5GG4-00086-00045838-00046246 the Lord is saying about fasting so when you fast you know this is what's going 5lGDKqp5GG4-00087-00046246-00046531 to happen these type of things is going to happen so if you're struggling with 5lGDKqp5GG4-00088-00046531-00047056 no anything like that oppression you know attack stuff like that from the 5lGDKqp5GG4-00089-00047056-00047662 enemy heavy burdens you know fasting is gone to relieve you of that and then you 5lGDKqp5GG4-00090-00047662-00048277 go down in Matthew 17 14 Jesus is actually well his disciples try to cast 5lGDKqp5GG4-00091-00048277-00048631 out a demonic spirit but because they wasn't fasting and praying they wasn't 5lGDKqp5GG4-00092-00048631-00049156 on a fast they wasn't able to get these to my experience out and the person you 5lGDKqp5GG4-00093-00049156-00049474 know that had the demonic spirits you know they wasn't fasting or praying so 5lGDKqp5GG4-00094-00049474-00049822 they wasn't able to get it out either so the Lord Jesus he was the only one 5lGDKqp5GG4-00095-00049822-00050284 that was you know at the place he probably had he probably was fasting and 5lGDKqp5GG4-00096-00050284-00050619 praying right at this time and he was the one that was able to get these out 5lGDKqp5GG4-00097-00050619-00051127 but it talks about being able to cast out demonic spirits and bring healing to 5lGDKqp5GG4-00098-00051127-00051720 a person you know just with the fasting being attitude prayer okay and like I 5lGDKqp5GG4-00099-00051720-00052201 said the Lord said that fasting cleanses your body olive flushes your body out so 5lGDKqp5GG4-00100-00052201-00052692 you can be filled up with his presence his power and spirit so that's why you 5lGDKqp5GG4-00101-00052692-00053055 can go out and do certain things because your body is totally 5lGDKqp5GG4-00102-00053055-00053521 clean out from all demonic spirits that's inside the you know the the nasty 5lGDKqp5GG4-00103-00053521-00054232 part and God has totally filled you up okay all right so I hope you guys write 5lGDKqp5GG4-00104-00054232-00054565 that down those are things that you can do before you're faster get prepared and 5lGDKqp5GG4-00105-00054565-00055036 to have everything clean so that whenever you do go in that fast you will 5lGDKqp5GG4-00106-00055036-00055554 feel God's presence intensely and God will be able to totally fill you up and 5lGDKqp5GG4-00107-00055554-00056145 consume you on that bass so all right you guys have a great day 6owsCStYILY-00000-00006454-00006654 The river can be crossed on foot. 6owsCStYILY-00001-00006654-00006951 40% less flow instead of normal level 6owsCStYILY-00002-00006951-00007091 The drought is already visible. 6owsCStYILY-00003-00007091-00007588 One of the consequences of this drought is that the level of the rivers is decreasing. 6owsCStYILY-00004-00007588-00007907 A big worry already about the coming summer? 6owsCStYILY-00005-00007907-00008638 Big water restrictions are coming back, from north to south, from east to west. 6owsCStYILY-00006-00008638-00009071 It must be said that the heat wave of the last few days has not helped the situation. 6owsCStYILY-00007-00009071-00009532 There would be another dimension where things would happen differently. 6owsCStYILY-00008-00009532-00009894 Shifting is the act of moving one's consciousness into another reality. 6owsCStYILY-00009-00009894-00010177 We are in a multiverse. 6owsCStYILY-00010-00010177-00010377 So what is the script... 6owsCStYILY-00011-00010377-00010909 A script is the unfolding of what will happen in your desired reality. 6owsCStYILY-00012-00010909-00011109 The intention of shifting in the night 6owsCStYILY-00013-00011109-00011765 The feeling of being in a place that exists 6owsCStYILY-00014-00011765-00012094 you make a plan of what you want to see in the alternative world 6owsCStYILY-00015-00012201-00012460 Tonight I return to the river of my childhood. 6owsCStYILY-00016-00012523-00012839 In the reality that I will visit, it always flows all year round. 6owsCStYILY-00017-00012976-00013260 I will find the path under the trees, the beach of round stones. 6owsCStYILY-00018-00013358-00013558 In this world, drought is exceptional. 6owsCStYILY-00019-00013711-00013911 It is not too late. 6owsCStYILY-00020-00013912-00014175 I will know I am in the desired reality when I hear the water. 6owsCStYILY-00021-00014185-00014474 I will know that at least in this world, the river is alive. 6owsCStYILY-00022-00014524-00014881 It is not a dream or a memory but the access to a world parallel to ours. 6owsCStYILY-00023-00014916-00015116 Where we would have done things... differently. 6owsCStYILY-00024-00015225-00015377 We would have found a kind of balance. 6owsCStYILY-00025-00026510-00026788 This reality is doomed, I don't want to return to it. 6owsCStYILY-00026-00026848-00027157 I will find the river again, but this time I will not wake up to the appearance of the creature. 6owsCStYILY-00027-00027261-00027665 I want to see what she wants. I feel attracted to her, even if there is something disturbing about her. 6owsCStYILY-00028-00027695-00027895 The sensation of a force beyond comprehension. 6owsCStYILY-00029-00028171-00028627 As if in this reality humans knew where their place was. 6owsCStYILY-00030-00028932-00029069 I don't want to come back without knowing. 6owsCStYILY-00031-00029171-00029371 Maybe I don't even want to come back at all. 61FBY6biOoA-00000-00000010-00000063 NORTHWEST ANGLE INLET'S ONE-ROOM 61FBY6biOoA-00001-00000063-00000070 NORTHWEST ANGLE INLET'S ONE-ROOM 61FBY6biOoA-00002-00000070-00000313 NORTHWEST ANGLE INLET'S ONE-ROOM SCHOOLHOUSE. 61FBY6biOoA-00003-00000313-00000320 NORTHWEST ANGLE INLET'S ONE-ROOM SCHOOLHOUSE. 61FBY6biOoA-00004-00000320-00000420 NORTHWEST ANGLE INLET'S ONE-ROOM SCHOOLHOUSE. >>> TRIBAL AUTHORITIES ARE 61FBY6biOoA-00005-00000420-00000426 SCHOOLHOUSE. >>> TRIBAL AUTHORITIES ARE 61FBY6biOoA-00006-00000426-00000580 SCHOOLHOUSE. >>> TRIBAL AUTHORITIES ARE INVESTIGATING AN ABANDONED 61FBY6biOoA-00007-00000580-00000587 >>> TRIBAL AUTHORITIES ARE INVESTIGATING AN ABANDONED 61FBY6biOoA-00008-00000587-00000794 >>> TRIBAL AUTHORITIES ARE INVESTIGATING AN ABANDONED GILLNET FOUND ON MILLE LACS LAKE 61FBY6biOoA-00009-00000794-00000800 INVESTIGATING AN ABANDONED GILLNET FOUND ON MILLE LACS LAKE 61FBY6biOoA-00010-00000800-00001010 INVESTIGATING AN ABANDONED GILLNET FOUND ON MILLE LACS LAKE THAT CONTAINED 67 DEAD WALLEYES. 61FBY6biOoA-00011-00001010-00001017 GILLNET FOUND ON MILLE LACS LAKE THAT CONTAINED 67 DEAD WALLEYES. 61FBY6biOoA-00012-00001017-00001111 GILLNET FOUND ON MILLE LACS LAKE THAT CONTAINED 67 DEAD WALLEYES. LAST WEEK'S FIND HAS REVIVED THE 61FBY6biOoA-00013-00001111-00001117 THAT CONTAINED 67 DEAD WALLEYES. LAST WEEK'S FIND HAS REVIVED THE 61FBY6biOoA-00014-00001117-00001271 THAT CONTAINED 67 DEAD WALLEYES. LAST WEEK'S FIND HAS REVIVED THE CONTROVERSY OVER TRIBAL 61FBY6biOoA-00015-00001271-00001277 LAST WEEK'S FIND HAS REVIVED THE CONTROVERSY OVER TRIBAL 61FBY6biOoA-00016-00001277-00001431 LAST WEEK'S FIND HAS REVIVED THE CONTROVERSY OVER TRIBAL FISHING ON MILLE LACS, WHERE THE 61FBY6biOoA-00017-00001431-00001438 CONTROVERSY OVER TRIBAL FISHING ON MILLE LACS, WHERE THE 61FBY6biOoA-00018-00001438-00001538 CONTROVERSY OVER TRIBAL FISHING ON MILLE LACS, WHERE THE WALLEYE POPULATION HAS BEEN ON A 61FBY6biOoA-00019-00001538-00001544 FISHING ON MILLE LACS, WHERE THE WALLEYE POPULATION HAS BEEN ON A 61FBY6biOoA-00020-00001544-00001701 FISHING ON MILLE LACS, WHERE THE WALLEYE POPULATION HAS BEEN ON A LONG-TERM DECLINE. 61FBY6biOoA-00021-00001701-00001708 WALLEYE POPULATION HAS BEEN ON A LONG-TERM DECLINE. 61FBY6biOoA-00022-00001708-00001968 WALLEYE POPULATION HAS BEEN ON A LONG-TERM DECLINE. MILLE LACS IS CO-MANAGED BETWEEN 61FBY6biOoA-00023-00001968-00001975 LONG-TERM DECLINE. MILLE LACS IS CO-MANAGED BETWEEN 61FBY6biOoA-00024-00001975-00002075 LONG-TERM DECLINE. MILLE LACS IS CO-MANAGED BETWEEN THE STATE AND EIGHT OJIBWE 61FBY6biOoA-00025-00002075-00002082 MILLE LACS IS CO-MANAGED BETWEEN THE STATE AND EIGHT OJIBWE 61FBY6biOoA-00026-00002082-00002182 MILLE LACS IS CO-MANAGED BETWEEN THE STATE AND EIGHT OJIBWE BANDS THAT HAVE COURT-AFFIRMED 61FBY6biOoA-00027-00002182-00002188 THE STATE AND EIGHT OJIBWE BANDS THAT HAVE COURT-AFFIRMED 61FBY6biOoA-00028-00002188-00002352 THE STATE AND EIGHT OJIBWE BANDS THAT HAVE COURT-AFFIRMED TREATY RIGHTS TO NET AND SPEAR A 61FBY6biOoA-00029-00002352-00002359 BANDS THAT HAVE COURT-AFFIRMED TREATY RIGHTS TO NET AND SPEAR A 61FBY6biOoA-00030-00002359-00002572 BANDS THAT HAVE COURT-AFFIRMED TREATY RIGHTS TO NET AND SPEAR A PORTION OF THE LAKE'S WALLEYES. 61FBY6biOoA-00031-00002572-00002579 TREATY RIGHTS TO NET AND SPEAR A PORTION OF THE LAKE'S WALLEYES. 61FBY6biOoA-00032-00002579-00002716 TREATY RIGHTS TO NET AND SPEAR A PORTION OF THE LAKE'S WALLEYES. CHARLIE RASMUSSEN, SPOKESMAN FOR 61FBY6biOoA-00033-00002716-00002722 PORTION OF THE LAKE'S WALLEYES. CHARLIE RASMUSSEN, SPOKESMAN FOR 61FBY6biOoA-00034-00002722-00002882 PORTION OF THE LAKE'S WALLEYES. CHARLIE RASMUSSEN, SPOKESMAN FOR THE GREAT LAKES INDIAN 61FBY6biOoA-00035-00002882-00002889 CHARLIE RASMUSSEN, SPOKESMAN FOR THE GREAT LAKES INDIAN 61FBY6biOoA-00036-00002889-00003036 CHARLIE RASMUSSEN, SPOKESMAN FOR THE GREAT LAKES INDIAN FISH AND WILDLIFE COMMISSION, 61FBY6biOoA-00037-00003036-00003043 THE GREAT LAKES INDIAN FISH AND WILDLIFE COMMISSION, 61FBY6biOoA-00038-00003043-00003203 THE GREAT LAKES INDIAN FISH AND WILDLIFE COMMISSION, SAYS FOND DU LAC BAND 61FBY6biOoA-00039-00003203-00003209 FISH AND WILDLIFE COMMISSION, SAYS FOND DU LAC BAND 61FBY6biOoA-00040-00003209-00003303 FISH AND WILDLIFE COMMISSION, SAYS FOND DU LAC BAND CONSERVATION OFFICIALS HAVE 61FBY6biOoA-00041-00003303-00003309 SAYS FOND DU LAC BAND CONSERVATION OFFICIALS HAVE 61FBY6biOoA-00042-00003309-00003516 SAYS FOND DU LAC BAND CONSERVATION OFFICIALS HAVE BEGUN AN INVESTIGATION. 61FBY6biOoA-00043-00003516-00003523 CONSERVATION OFFICIALS HAVE BEGUN AN INVESTIGATION. 61FBY6biOoA-00044-00003523-00003623 CONSERVATION OFFICIALS HAVE BEGUN AN INVESTIGATION. HE SAYS THE 112 POUNDS OF 61FBY6biOoA-00045-00003623-00003630 BEGUN AN INVESTIGATION. HE SAYS THE 112 POUNDS OF 61FBY6biOoA-00046-00003630-00003786 BEGUN AN INVESTIGATION. HE SAYS THE 112 POUNDS OF WALLEYES IN THE NET WILL COUNT 61FBY6biOoA-00047-00003786-00003793 HE SAYS THE 112 POUNDS OF WALLEYES IN THE NET WILL COUNT 61FBY6biOoA-00048-00003793-00004003 HE SAYS THE 112 POUNDS OF WALLEYES IN THE NET WILL COUNT AGAINST THE BAND'S QUOTA. 61FBY6biOoA-00049-00004003-00004010 WALLEYES IN THE NET WILL COUNT AGAINST THE BAND'S QUOTA. 61FBY6biOoA-00050-00004010-00004267 WALLEYES IN THE NET WILL COUNT AGAINST THE BAND'S QUOTA. ONLY MEMBERS OF THE EIGHT BANDS 61FBY6biOoA-00051-00004267-00004274 AGAINST THE BAND'S QUOTA. ONLY MEMBERS OF THE EIGHT BANDS 61FBY6biOoA-00052-00004274-00004370 AGAINST THE BAND'S QUOTA. ONLY MEMBERS OF THE EIGHT BANDS MAY KEEP WALLEYES FROM THE 61FBY6biOoA-00053-00004370-00004377 ONLY MEMBERS OF THE EIGHT BANDS MAY KEEP WALLEYES FROM THE 61FBY6biOoA-00054-00004377-00004537 ONLY MEMBERS OF THE EIGHT BANDS MAY KEEP WALLEYES FROM THE LAKE THIS YEAR. 61FBY6biOoA-00055-00004537-00004544 MAY KEEP WALLEYES FROM THE LAKE THIS YEAR. 61FBY6biOoA-00056-00004544-00004644 MAY KEEP WALLEYES FROM THE LAKE THIS YEAR. FOR STATE-LICENSED WALLEYE 61FBY6biOoA-00057-00004644-00004651 LAKE THIS YEAR. FOR STATE-LICENSED WALLEYE 61FBY6biOoA-00058-00004651-00004748 LAKE THIS YEAR. FOR STATE-LICENSED WALLEYE ANGLERS, IT'S THE THIRD 61FBY6biOoA-00059-00004748-00004754 FOR STATE-LICENSED WALLEYE ANGLERS, IT'S THE THIRD 61FBY6biOoA-00060-00004754-00004881 FOR STATE-LICENSED WALLEYE ANGLERS, IT'S THE THIRD CONSECUTIVE SUMMER OF 65Kh3sEBqVo-00000-00000204-00002047 G Major 16+X Major 1 65Kh3sEBqVo-00001-00002047-00003801 It Is G Major 20 Spilt O Major 16 65VbmVgGs7o-00000-00000344-00000941 OK So now the timeline is ready to be exported. So what I'm going to do is 65VbmVgGs7o-00001-00000941-00001725 export this entire timeline including my audio and my music. To do that I go to 65VbmVgGs7o-00002-00001725-00002334 this button on the top right corner which is share, and what I want to do is 65VbmVgGs7o-00003-00002334-00002913 actually save it as a "File" I'm just going to change the title at the top 65VbmVgGs7o-00004-00002913-00004191 here. I can preview the video here and I just want to double check all of these settings so 65VbmVgGs7o-00005-00004191-00004653 "Tags" you can remove you don't need them and you cannot just export the audio 65VbmVgGs7o-00006-00004653-00005112 only or the video and the audio the resolution you always want to select 65VbmVgGs7o-00007-00005112-00005805 1080p because this is the best resolution available for iMovie. You want 65VbmVgGs7o-00008-00005805-00006305 to select "High" or you could select "Best" and that'll actually create a large file 65VbmVgGs7o-00009-00006305-00006903 size but it will be good quality you can reduce the file size if you need as you 65VbmVgGs7o-00010-00006903-00007386 can see there's a big difference here in the size so you can just leave it at 65VbmVgGs7o-00011-00007386-00008079 "High" you can always customise the size and just slide this depending on how big 65VbmVgGs7o-00012-00008079-00008625 you want this file so I'm just gonna leave it at high and I'm just going to 65VbmVgGs7o-00013-00008625-00009213 leave it as "Better quality" and then I click this and this will ask me where do 65VbmVgGs7o-00014-00009213-00009804 I want to save my video I'm just gonna save it in the folder where I have all 65VbmVgGs7o-00015-00009804-00010278 of my other footage saved. I'm just going to click Save and that's exploiting the 65VbmVgGs7o-00016-00010278-00010671 video right now. So you can see the videos exporting because these extra 65VbmVgGs7o-00017-00010671-00011184 files has come up in the other so when it finishes exporting these will actually 65VbmVgGs7o-00018-00011184-00011771 disappear and then just the mp4 will remain and this is the progress are here 65VbmVgGs7o-00019-00011771-00012143 telling me that it's almost done 65VbmVgGs7o-00020-00012156-00012816 My video has now been exported this icon up here have said that my 65VbmVgGs7o-00021-00012816-00013284 video has been successful and if I wanted to preview it I can double click 65VbmVgGs7o-00022-00013284-00013869 and preview the video here and we can just go fullscreen and preview the video 65VbmVgGs7o-00023-00013869-00014388 OK but I'm gonna teach you how to edit your own video so this is going to be 65VbmVgGs7o-00024-00014388-00014838 the first video okay so I'm going to teach you how to edit your own videos 65VbmVgGs7o-00025-00014838-00015319 together so I've already recorded one video and this will be the second video 65VbmVgGs7o-00026-00015319-00015754 that will be appearing in the timeline. So now you know how to import your 65VbmVgGs7o-00027-00015754-00016600 videos into iMovie, find images music and stock videos online download them and 65VbmVgGs7o-00028-00016600-00017148 import them into your project edit them into your timeline and export them into 65VbmVgGs7o-00029-00017148-00017412 one video 69WeD35ZFE4-00000-00000000-00000568 HITMAN™ Patient Zero Campaign - Patient Zero, Hokkaido (Silent Assassin Suit Only) 6qh0-OouxR8-00000-00000010-00000076 >>> NOW, YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH 6qh0-OouxR8-00001-00000076-00000083 >>> NOW, YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH 6qh0-OouxR8-00002-00000083-00000553 >>> NOW, YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH COLLIN CALVERT. 6qh0-OouxR8-00003-00000553-00000560 >>> NOW, YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH COLLIN CALVERT. 6qh0-OouxR8-00004-00000560-00000660 >>> NOW, YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH COLLIN CALVERT. >> Collin: WELL, A BIG NIGHT 6qh0-OouxR8-00005-00000660-00000667 COLLIN CALVERT. >> Collin: WELL, A BIG NIGHT 6qh0-OouxR8-00006-00000667-00000944 COLLIN CALVERT. >> Collin: WELL, A BIG NIGHT TONIGHT FOR BSU ATHLETICS. 6qh0-OouxR8-00007-00000944-00000950 >> Collin: WELL, A BIG NIGHT TONIGHT FOR BSU ATHLETICS. 6qh0-OouxR8-00008-00000950-00001141 >> Collin: WELL, A BIG NIGHT TONIGHT FOR BSU ATHLETICS. THE BEAVERS HOSTED THEIR ANNUAL 6qh0-OouxR8-00009-00001141-00001147 TONIGHT FOR BSU ATHLETICS. THE BEAVERS HOSTED THEIR ANNUAL 6qh0-OouxR8-00010-00001147-00001404 TONIGHT FOR BSU ATHLETICS. THE BEAVERS HOSTED THEIR ANNUAL ALL SPORTS BANQUET ON CAMPUS. 6qh0-OouxR8-00011-00001404-00001411 THE BEAVERS HOSTED THEIR ANNUAL ALL SPORTS BANQUET ON CAMPUS. 6qh0-OouxR8-00012-00001411-00001478 THE BEAVERS HOSTED THEIR ANNUAL ALL SPORTS BANQUET ON CAMPUS. THEY RECOGNIZED THE OUTSTANDING 6qh0-OouxR8-00013-00001478-00001484 ALL SPORTS BANQUET ON CAMPUS. THEY RECOGNIZED THE OUTSTANDING 6qh0-OouxR8-00014-00001484-00001548 ALL SPORTS BANQUET ON CAMPUS. THEY RECOGNIZED THE OUTSTANDING ATHLETES AND PROGRAMS OF THE 6qh0-OouxR8-00015-00001548-00001554 THEY RECOGNIZED THE OUTSTANDING ATHLETES AND PROGRAMS OF THE 6qh0-OouxR8-00016-00001554-00001604 THEY RECOGNIZED THE OUTSTANDING ATHLETES AND PROGRAMS OF THE 2016 AND 2017 SEASON. 6qh0-OouxR8-00017-00001604-00001611 ATHLETES AND PROGRAMS OF THE 2016 AND 2017 SEASON. 6qh0-OouxR8-00018-00001611-00001681 ATHLETES AND PROGRAMS OF THE 2016 AND 2017 SEASON. FIRST ON THE MEN'S SIDE, THE 6qh0-OouxR8-00019-00001681-00001688 2016 AND 2017 SEASON. FIRST ON THE MEN'S SIDE, THE 6qh0-OouxR8-00020-00001688-00001741 2016 AND 2017 SEASON. FIRST ON THE MEN'S SIDE, THE MALE-ATHLETE OF THE YEAR 6qh0-OouxR8-00021-00001741-00001748 FIRST ON THE MEN'S SIDE, THE MALE-ATHLETE OF THE YEAR 6qh0-OouxR8-00022-00001748-00001811 FIRST ON THE MEN'S SIDE, THE MALE-ATHLETE OF THE YEAR WAS AWARDED TO JUNIOR GOALIE 6qh0-OouxR8-00023-00001811-00001818 MALE-ATHLETE OF THE YEAR WAS AWARDED TO JUNIOR GOALIE 6qh0-OouxR8-00024-00001818-00001878 MALE-ATHLETE OF THE YEAR WAS AWARDED TO JUNIOR GOALIE MICHAEL BITZER OF THE HOCKEY 6qh0-OouxR8-00025-00001878-00001885 WAS AWARDED TO JUNIOR GOALIE MICHAEL BITZER OF THE HOCKEY 6qh0-OouxR8-00026-00001885-00002115 WAS AWARDED TO JUNIOR GOALIE MICHAEL BITZER OF THE HOCKEY TEAM. 6qh0-OouxR8-00027-00002115-00002122 MICHAEL BITZER OF THE HOCKEY TEAM. 6qh0-OouxR8-00028-00002122-00002232 MICHAEL BITZER OF THE HOCKEY TEAM. HE WAS A FIRST TEAM C-C-M ALL 6qh0-OouxR8-00029-00002232-00002238 TEAM. HE WAS A FIRST TEAM C-C-M ALL 6qh0-OouxR8-00030-00002238-00002565 TEAM. HE WAS A FIRST TEAM C-C-M ALL AMERICAN WEST SELECTION. 6qh0-OouxR8-00031-00002565-00002572 HE WAS A FIRST TEAM C-C-M ALL AMERICAN WEST SELECTION. 6qh0-OouxR8-00032-00002572-00002682 HE WAS A FIRST TEAM C-C-M ALL AMERICAN WEST SELECTION. HE ALSO EARNED THE WCHA PLAYER 6qh0-OouxR8-00033-00002682-00002689 AMERICAN WEST SELECTION. HE ALSO EARNED THE WCHA PLAYER 6qh0-OouxR8-00034-00002689-00002759 AMERICAN WEST SELECTION. HE ALSO EARNED THE WCHA PLAYER OF THE YEAR, THE FIRST TO DO SO 6qh0-OouxR8-00035-00002759-00002766 HE ALSO EARNED THE WCHA PLAYER OF THE YEAR, THE FIRST TO DO SO 6qh0-OouxR8-00036-00002766-00002956 HE ALSO EARNED THE WCHA PLAYER OF THE YEAR, THE FIRST TO DO SO IN SCHOOL HISTORY. 6qh0-OouxR8-00037-00002956-00002962 OF THE YEAR, THE FIRST TO DO SO IN SCHOOL HISTORY. 6qh0-OouxR8-00038-00002962-00003029 OF THE YEAR, THE FIRST TO DO SO IN SCHOOL HISTORY. HERE HE WAS ON RECEIVING THIS 6qh0-OouxR8-00039-00003029-00003036 IN SCHOOL HISTORY. HERE HE WAS ON RECEIVING THIS 6qh0-OouxR8-00040-00003036-00003720 IN SCHOOL HISTORY. HERE HE WAS ON RECEIVING THIS HONOR. 6qh0-OouxR8-00041-00003720-00003727 HERE HE WAS ON RECEIVING THIS HONOR. 6qh0-OouxR8-00042-00003727-00004147 HERE HE WAS ON RECEIVING THIS HONOR. >> FEELS GOOD. 6qh0-OouxR8-00043-00004147-00004154 HONOR. >> FEELS GOOD. 6qh0-OouxR8-00044-00004154-00004764 HONOR. >> FEELS GOOD. IT'S COOL, AND THIS IS AN HONOR, 6qh0-OouxR8-00045-00004764-00004771 >> FEELS GOOD. IT'S COOL, AND THIS IS AN HONOR, 6qh0-OouxR8-00046-00004771-00005198 >> FEELS GOOD. IT'S COOL, AND THIS IS AN HONOR, AND YOU KNOW, ALL THE AWARDS, 6qh0-OouxR8-00047-00005198-00005205 IT'S COOL, AND THIS IS AN HONOR, AND YOU KNOW, ALL THE AWARDS, 6qh0-OouxR8-00048-00005205-00005365 IT'S COOL, AND THIS IS AN HONOR, AND YOU KNOW, ALL THE AWARDS, ALTERNATE AWARDS, AND PEOPLE 6qh0-OouxR8-00049-00005365-00005372 AND YOU KNOW, ALL THE AWARDS, ALTERNATE AWARDS, AND PEOPLE 6qh0-OouxR8-00050-00005372-00005528 AND YOU KNOW, ALL THE AWARDS, ALTERNATE AWARDS, AND PEOPLE JUST GETTING RECOGNIZED FOR 6qh0-OouxR8-00051-00005528-00005535 ALTERNATE AWARDS, AND PEOPLE JUST GETTING RECOGNIZED FOR 6qh0-OouxR8-00052-00005535-00005635 ALTERNATE AWARDS, AND PEOPLE JUST GETTING RECOGNIZED FOR EVERYTHING THEY HAVE DONE. 6qh0-OouxR8-00053-00005635-00005642 JUST GETTING RECOGNIZED FOR EVERYTHING THEY HAVE DONE. 6qh0-OouxR8-00054-00005642-00005962 JUST GETTING RECOGNIZED FOR EVERYTHING THEY HAVE DONE. I THINK THAT'S HUGE. 6qh0-OouxR8-00055-00005962-00005969 EVERYTHING THEY HAVE DONE. I THINK THAT'S HUGE. 6qh0-OouxR8-00056-00005969-00006132 EVERYTHING THEY HAVE DONE. I THINK THAT'S HUGE. >> Collin: THE WOMEN'S SIDE THE 6qh0-OouxR8-00057-00006132-00006139 I THINK THAT'S HUGE. >> Collin: THE WOMEN'S SIDE THE 6qh0-OouxR8-00058-00006139-00006366 I THINK THAT'S HUGE. >> Collin: THE WOMEN'S SIDE THE FEMALE ATHLETE OF THE YEAR WAS 6qh0-OouxR8-00059-00006366-00006373 >> Collin: THE WOMEN'S SIDE THE FEMALE ATHLETE OF THE YEAR WAS 6qh0-OouxR8-00060-00006373-00006643 >> Collin: THE WOMEN'S SIDE THE FEMALE ATHLETE OF THE YEAR WAS AWARDED TO TWO SPORT STABBED OUT 6qh0-OouxR8-00061-00006643-00006649 FEMALE ATHLETE OF THE YEAR WAS AWARDED TO TWO SPORT STABBED OUT 6qh0-OouxR8-00062-00006649-00006883 FEMALE ATHLETE OF THE YEAR WAS AWARDED TO TWO SPORT STABBED OUT JESS YOST. 6qh0-OouxR8-00063-00006883-00006890 AWARDED TO TWO SPORT STABBED OUT JESS YOST. 6qh0-OouxR8-00064-00006890-00006960 AWARDED TO TWO SPORT STABBED OUT JESS YOST. YOST HAS DOMINATED THE COURT AND 6qh0-OouxR8-00065-00006960-00006966 JESS YOST. YOST HAS DOMINATED THE COURT AND 6qh0-OouxR8-00066-00006966-00007020 JESS YOST. YOST HAS DOMINATED THE COURT AND DIAMOND IN HER TIME IN 6qh0-OouxR8-00067-00007020-00007027 YOST HAS DOMINATED THE COURT AND DIAMOND IN HER TIME IN 6qh0-OouxR8-00068-00007027-00007083 YOST HAS DOMINATED THE COURT AND DIAMOND IN HER TIME IN BEMIDJI. 6qh0-OouxR8-00069-00007083-00007090 DIAMOND IN HER TIME IN BEMIDJI. 6qh0-OouxR8-00070-00007090-00007153 DIAMOND IN HER TIME IN BEMIDJI. SHE IS THE ALL-TIME LEADER IN 6qh0-OouxR8-00071-00007153-00007160 BEMIDJI. SHE IS THE ALL-TIME LEADER IN 6qh0-OouxR8-00072-00007160-00007220 BEMIDJI. SHE IS THE ALL-TIME LEADER IN KILLS IN VOLLEYBALL PROGRAM 6qh0-OouxR8-00073-00007220-00007227 SHE IS THE ALL-TIME LEADER IN KILLS IN VOLLEYBALL PROGRAM 6qh0-OouxR8-00074-00007227-00007450 SHE IS THE ALL-TIME LEADER IN KILLS IN VOLLEYBALL PROGRAM HISTORY AND BECAME THE FIRST 6qh0-OouxR8-00075-00007450-00007457 KILLS IN VOLLEYBALL PROGRAM HISTORY AND BECAME THE FIRST 6qh0-OouxR8-00076-00007457-00007520 KILLS IN VOLLEYBALL PROGRAM HISTORY AND BECAME THE FIRST EVER PITCHER TO ACCUMULATE 20 6qh0-OouxR8-00077-00007520-00007527 HISTORY AND BECAME THE FIRST EVER PITCHER TO ACCUMULATE 20 6qh0-OouxR8-00078-00007527-00007580 HISTORY AND BECAME THE FIRST EVER PITCHER TO ACCUMULATE 20 WINS IN A SINGLE SEASON. 6qh0-OouxR8-00079-00007580-00007587 EVER PITCHER TO ACCUMULATE 20 WINS IN A SINGLE SEASON. 6qh0-OouxR8-00080-00007587-00007664 EVER PITCHER TO ACCUMULATE 20 WINS IN A SINGLE SEASON. BUT WHEN IT'S ALL SAID AND DONE, 6qh0-OouxR8-00081-00007664-00007670 WINS IN A SINGLE SEASON. BUT WHEN IT'S ALL SAID AND DONE, 6qh0-OouxR8-00082-00007670-00007737 WINS IN A SINGLE SEASON. BUT WHEN IT'S ALL SAID AND DONE, SHE WILL FOREVER LEAVE HER MARK 6qh0-OouxR8-00083-00007737-00007744 BUT WHEN IT'S ALL SAID AND DONE, SHE WILL FOREVER LEAVE HER MARK 6qh0-OouxR8-00084-00007744-00008134 BUT WHEN IT'S ALL SAID AND DONE, SHE WILL FOREVER LEAVE HER MARK IN BSU HISTORY. 6qh0-OouxR8-00085-00008134-00008141 SHE WILL FOREVER LEAVE HER MARK IN BSU HISTORY. 6qh0-OouxR8-00086-00008141-00008491 SHE WILL FOREVER LEAVE HER MARK IN BSU HISTORY. >> IT MEANS A LOT, JUST BEING 6qh0-OouxR8-00087-00008491-00008498 IN BSU HISTORY. >> IT MEANS A LOT, JUST BEING 6qh0-OouxR8-00088-00008498-00008658 IN BSU HISTORY. >> IT MEANS A LOT, JUST BEING RECOGNIZED, OTHER PEOPLE SEEING 6qh0-OouxR8-00089-00008658-00008665 >> IT MEANS A LOT, JUST BEING RECOGNIZED, OTHER PEOPLE SEEING 6qh0-OouxR8-00090-00008665-00008895 >> IT MEANS A LOT, JUST BEING RECOGNIZED, OTHER PEOPLE SEEING IT, TOO, BUT IT MEANS A LOT, AND 6qh0-OouxR8-00091-00008895-00008902 RECOGNIZED, OTHER PEOPLE SEEING IT, TOO, BUT IT MEANS A LOT, AND 6qh0-OouxR8-00092-00008902-00009092 RECOGNIZED, OTHER PEOPLE SEEING IT, TOO, BUT IT MEANS A LOT, AND A GREAT GROUP OF GIRLS LIKE 6qh0-OouxR8-00093-00009092-00009099 IT, TOO, BUT IT MEANS A LOT, AND A GREAT GROUP OF GIRLS LIKE 6qh0-OouxR8-00094-00009099-00009255 IT, TOO, BUT IT MEANS A LOT, AND A GREAT GROUP OF GIRLS LIKE THERE WAS THIS YEAR. 6qh0-OouxR8-00095-00009255-00009262 A GREAT GROUP OF GIRLS LIKE THERE WAS THIS YEAR. 6qh0-OouxR8-00096-00009262-00009629 A GREAT GROUP OF GIRLS LIKE THERE WAS THIS YEAR. BEING FROM BEMIDJI, I DIDN'T 6qh0-OouxR8-00097-00009629-00009636 THERE WAS THIS YEAR. BEING FROM BEMIDJI, I DIDN'T 6qh0-OouxR8-00098-00009636-00009866 THERE WAS THIS YEAR. BEING FROM BEMIDJI, I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT IT WAS AT BSU, AND NOW 6qh0-OouxR8-00099-00009866-00009873 BEING FROM BEMIDJI, I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT IT WAS AT BSU, AND NOW 6qh0-OouxR8-00100-00009873-00010033 BEING FROM BEMIDJI, I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT IT WAS AT BSU, AND NOW I SPENT FOUR YEARS COMPETING 6qh0-OouxR8-00101-00010033-00010040 KNOW WHAT IT WAS AT BSU, AND NOW I SPENT FOUR YEARS COMPETING 6qh0-OouxR8-00102-00010040-00010203 KNOW WHAT IT WAS AT BSU, AND NOW I SPENT FOUR YEARS COMPETING WITH THEM, IT SEEMS SO MUCH 6qh0-OouxR8-00103-00010203-00010210 I SPENT FOUR YEARS COMPETING WITH THEM, IT SEEMS SO MUCH 6qh0-OouxR8-00104-00010210-00010343 I SPENT FOUR YEARS COMPETING WITH THEM, IT SEEMS SO MUCH MORE, AND IT'S SUCH A GREAT 6qh0-OouxR8-00105-00010343-00010350 WITH THEM, IT SEEMS SO MUCH MORE, AND IT'S SUCH A GREAT 6qh0-OouxR8-00106-00010350-00010653 WITH THEM, IT SEEMS SO MUCH MORE, AND IT'S SUCH A GREAT SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY, I LOVE IT. 6qh0-OouxR8-00107-00010653-00010660 MORE, AND IT'S SUCH A GREAT SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY, I LOVE IT. 6qh0-OouxR8-00108-00010660-00010764 MORE, AND IT'S SUCH A GREAT SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY, I LOVE IT. >> Collin: OTHER AWARD WINNERS 6qh0-OouxR8-00109-00010764-00010770 SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY, I LOVE IT. >> Collin: OTHER AWARD WINNERS 6qh0-OouxR8-00110-00010770-00011057 SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY, I LOVE IT. >> Collin: OTHER AWARD WINNERS RECOGNIZED FOR BSU TONIGHT, THE 6qh0-OouxR8-00111-00011057-00011064 >> Collin: OTHER AWARD WINNERS RECOGNIZED FOR BSU TONIGHT, THE 6qh0-OouxR8-00112-00011064-00011337 >> Collin: OTHER AWARD WINNERS RECOGNIZED FOR BSU TONIGHT, THE FEMALE NEWCOMER OF THE YEAR GOES 6tMuBGISgK0-00000-00000257-00000754 Hi! Don't mind me, just Dean from Mountain View Dodge 6tMuBGISgK0-00001-00000754-00000933 on the corner of the QE2 and 6tMuBGISgK0-00002-00000933-00001208 highway 27. Outside of lovely town of Olds. 6tMuBGISgK0-00003-00001208-00001604 Checking out some of my inventory like this awesome 6tMuBGISgK0-00004-00001604-00002048 Trailhawk Cherokee. What makes the Trailhawk a 6tMuBGISgK0-00005-00002048-00002318 Trailhawk? Some of you might have seen the video I did 6tMuBGISgK0-00006-00002318-00002630 awhile ago where I talk about the real obvious things. 6tMuBGISgK0-00007-00002630-00003123 Bright red hooks ring a bell? Trailhawks have a very 6tMuBGISgK0-00008-00003123-00003432 sharp incline which means they can get into tighter 6tMuBGISgK0-00009-00003432-00003738 spaces. The angle of attack 6tMuBGISgK0-00010-00003738-00004056 That's what makes them so unique and so 6tMuBGISgK0-00011-00004060-00004440 good off-road. Makes them really good in 6tMuBGISgK0-00012-00004440-00004794 the winter. You have a snow setting so you can go play 6tMuBGISgK0-00013-00004794-00004958 in the snow, you can turn 6tMuBGISgK0-00014-00004959-00005190 it off and really play it in snow if you want. 6tMuBGISgK0-00015-00005190-00005409 Get in trouble? Turn the little dial 6tMuBGISgK0-00016-00005409-00005782 four-wheel drive and way you go. They are Trail Rated 6tMuBGISgK0-00017-00005782-00005952 these go through quite 6tMuBGISgK0-00018-00005952-00006246 an extensive testing process to get Trail Rated. 6tMuBGISgK0-00019-00006246-00006447 It's not just a stamp we 6tMuBGISgK0-00020-00006447-00006618 stick on like some of the other guys do. 6tMuBGISgK0-00021-00006618-00007038 It means something. Find out more, text me 6tMuBGISgK0-00022-00007038-00007236 call me, email me and I'll tell you all 6tMuBGISgK0-00023-00007236-00007440 about Trail Rated and exactly what goes 6tMuBGISgK0-00024-00007440-00007734 in to making a Trail Rated vehicle. 6tMuBGISgK0-00025-00007734-00008081 dharper@mountainviewdodge.com 6tMuBGISgK0-00026-00008084-00008460 (403) 556-7332 6tMuBGISgK0-00027-00008576-00008660 Talk to you soon. 6_s0OLpPteM-00000-00001805-00002306 On the road that connects the town to Tricase Porto, stands, with its seven hundred years 6_s0OLpPteM-00001-00002306-00003046 of age, one of the oldest specimens in the world of Vallonea Oak. 6_s0OLpPteM-00002-00003046-00003628 In the past, acorns produced by the oak were used by the tanners during the phases of leather 6_s0OLpPteM-00003-00003628-00004776 processing, in order to obtain a softer product thanks to the presence of tannin. 6_s0OLpPteM-00004-00004776-00005189 The inhabitants also call it "The Oak of One Hundred Knights". 6_s0OLpPteM-00005-00005189-00005873 In fact, according to a fanciful and anachronistic medieval legend, under one of its broad branches 6_s0OLpPteM-00006-00005873-00007067 a hundred soldiers led by the Emperor Frederick II of Swabia found shelter. 6_s0OLpPteM-00007-00007067-00007606 Vallonea is a rare essence in the European context, present in a few areas of Salento 6_s0OLpPteM-00008-00007606-00008142 and the Balkans, probably arrived in Italy during the Byzantine rule and frequent commercial 6_s0OLpPteM-00009-00008142-00009023 exchanges with the Levant. 6_s0OLpPteM-00010-00009023-00009502 Its majesty still dominates the landscape of Tricase’s countryside and is testimony 6_s0OLpPteM-00011-00009502-00009830 to the magnificence of nature. 6A7GoMOtz2E-00000-00002500-00002700 Playn you goin' crazy! 6Eidpwf8kS8-00000-00000000-00000100 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00001-00000110-00000210 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00002-00001974-00002160 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00003-00002196-00002296 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00004-00002417-00002628 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00005-00002701-00003012 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00006-00003012-00003116 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00007-00003151-00003251 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00008-00003283-00003596 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00009-00003596-00003916 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00010-00003916-00004219 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00011-00004219-00004319 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00012-00004334-00004456 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00013-00004492-00004779 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00014-00004859-00005142 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00015-00005142-00005442 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00016-00005449-00005789 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00017-00005822-00005922 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00018-00005967-00006277 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00019-00006277-00006432 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00020-00006488-00006588 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00021-00006881-00007067 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00022-00007161-00007270 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00023-00007341-00007460 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00024-00007856-00007956 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00025-00008081-00008192 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6Eidpwf8kS8-00026-00008265-00008365 ঝিনাইদহ পৌরসভার সমঝোতা স্মারক স্বাক্ষরিত 6GjlgbwYHic-00000-00001480-00002472 >>I, I want to start with a quick quote. The vice president yesterday, of Ghana, 6GjlgbwYHic-00001-00002472-00003188 Dr. Bawumia, I'm bad, I speak Yoruba and this is Ghana, I'm probably gonna mispronounce 6GjlgbwYHic-00002-00003189-00003494 that I'm so sorry, 6GjlgbwYHic-00003-00003519-00004269 but yesterday he eulogized W.E.B. Du Bois and he stated quote, "For us in Ghana, we are 6GjlgbwYHic-00004-00004269-00004864 grateful that W.E.B. Du Bois chose to spend his last days on earth with us 6GjlgbwYHic-00005-00004864-00005601 profoundly influencing the newly independent country and leader to be, and 6GjlgbwYHic-00006-00005601-00006257 leader to be assertive in the comity of nations. Fifty-five years after his 6GjlgbwYHic-00007-00006257-00006836 demise we continue to draw inspiration from his works for rea-, for which, I'm 6GjlgbwYHic-00008-00006836-00007422 sorry, for which reason Ghana and Africa are eternally grateful to you." So our 6GjlgbwYHic-00009-00007422-00007911 good friend Arthur McFarlane II who is also a great grandson of W.E.B. Du Bois is 6GjlgbwYHic-00010-00007911-00008361 over there celebrating the hundred and fiftieth birthday with the folks in 6GjlgbwYHic-00011-00008361-00008877 Ghana and we are fortunate to have, I call them the Jeff's, but Jeff and 6GjlgbwYHic-00012-00008877-00009264 Jeff, Jeff Peck and Jeff Peck here with us in in Western Massachusetts to 6GjlgbwYHic-00013-00009264-00009879 celebrate with us here and they will be also with us in Great Barrington. 6GjlgbwYHic-00014-00009879-00010457 The powerful words that the Vice President of Ghana said it should be something 6GjlgbwYHic-00015-00010457-00010974 that is it rings true in our country as well and it doesn't seem to be that way. 6GjlgbwYHic-00016-00010974-00011574 As, as young Jeff Peck said, to grow up in a school system to not hear about his 6GjlgbwYHic-00017-00011574-00011904 great great grandfather but to not understand and to know many 6GjlgbwYHic-00018-00011904-00012288 undergraduates that come to our university that either say Du Bois [French pronunciation] 6GjlgbwYHic-00019-00012288-00013041 or don't know who Du Bois is in relationship to Massachusetts, to social 6GjlgbwYHic-00020-00013041-00013568 change, and to civil rights, I think that we are in a 6GjlgbwYHic-00021-00013568-00014112 very necessary moment but a very exciting moment. We are at the moment in 6GjlgbwYHic-00022-00014112-00014644 which civil rights is once again or the rights of young people are once again 6GjlgbwYHic-00023-00014644-00015309 being heard from Florida up the coast and with, and throughout so I 6GjlgbwYHic-00024-00015309-00015782 want to bring that up because I want to talk about the words and the legacy of 6GjlgbwYHic-00025-00015782-00016379 Du Bois are needed generation after generation after generation and like I 6GjlgbwYHic-00026-00016379-00016773 said before, apparently has been quoted a couple of times, he's a man of all times, 6GjlgbwYHic-00027-00016773-00017481 he is a man whose initial work changed because he lived ninety five years and 6GjlgbwYHic-00028-00017481-00018384 he was able to change his mind. Hear that scholars. And I also say 6GjlgbwYHic-00029-00018384-00018912 this as like I said into being in this, in this space and feeling so wonderful 6GjlgbwYHic-00030-00018912-00019379 of all the love and, and excitement around this I want you all to 6GjlgbwYHic-00031-00019379-00019715 feel my excitement. I hope you can. Can you? Okay. 6GjlgbwYHic-00032-00019715-00020138 Cause I love what I do, but I mean I'm also still riding high you know after my 6GjlgbwYHic-00033-00020138-00020945 recent trip to Wakanda, so I feel, I feel really really, I went there. Reiland, 6GjlgbwYHic-00034-00020945-00021297 has done, I'm sorry Dr. Rabaka has done a piece on it too so I'm not just saying 6GjlgbwYHic-00035-00021297-00021990 this out in a vacuum, Black Panther, Wakanda forever and it came just in time 6GjlgbwYHic-00036-00021990-00022916 for his birthday, it's just like wow, wow. It's a prelude. Okay so that's why I want 6GjlgbwYHic-00037-00022916-00023360 to say this is, this is a happy moment because I think that we are going to 6GjlgbwYHic-00038-00023360-00024003 experience someone who when I had to dream about who could speak for his 150th 6GjlgbwYHic-00039-00024003-00024482 birthday for the 24th annual lecture Dr. Rabaka was the first 6GjlgbwYHic-00040-00024482-00024962 person that I thought of. He is a professor and chair of African and 6GjlgbwYHic-00041-00024962-00025394 African American and Caribbean studies and Department of Ethnic Studies at the 6GjlgbwYHic-00042-00025394-00025964 University of Colorado Boulder, where it is seven degrees, where he also has 6GjlgbwYHic-00043-00025964-00026326 affiliations with the Women and Gender Studies program, 6GjlgbwYHic-00044-00026326-00026918 Humanities program, graduate program and Cultural Theory, School of Education, College of Media, 6GjlgbwYHic-00045-00026918-00027439 Communication and Information and the College of Music because he started 6GjlgbwYHic-00046-00027439-00027842 out as a jazz musician I just wanted to include that. 6GjlgbwYHic-00047-00027870-00028412 He is the author of more than 50 scholarly articles and book chapters as well as 12 6GjlgbwYHic-00048-00028412-00029108 books which I'm not going to read all here but among them are Du Bois's 6GjlgbwYHic-00049-00029108-00029788 Dialectics, Africana Critical Theory, Against episton, epimes, I'm sorry, 6GjlgbwYHic-00050-00029788-00030419 Epistemic, thank you, thank you family, Epistemic Apartheid, W.E.B. Du Bois and the 6GjlgbwYHic-00051-00030419-00030989 Disciplinary Decadence of Sociology, Forms of Fanonism: Frantz Fanon's 6GjlgbwYHic-00052-00030989-00031595 Critical Theory and the Dialectics of Decolonization, The Negritude Movement, 6GjlgbwYHic-00053-00031595-00032004 Hip Hop's Inheritance, Hip Hop's Amnesia, and The Hip Hop Movement. 6GjlgbwYHic-00054-00032004-00032348 Rabaka's research has been recognized 6GjlgbwYHic-00055-00032348-00032623 with several awards including the National Endowment for the Humanities, 6GjlgbwYHic-00056-00032623-00033074 the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Science Foundation, the National 6GjlgbwYHic-00057-00033074-00033476 Museum of African-American History and Culture, the National Museum of American 6GjlgbwYHic-00058-00033476-00034040 History, the Smithsonian Institution. He has received several book awards, he has 6GjlgbwYHic-00059-00034040-00034412 conducted archival research, and lectured extensively both nationally and 6GjlgbwYHic-00060-00034412-00034784 internationally, and has been the recipient of numerous community service 6GjlgbwYHic-00061-00034784-00035240 citations, distinguished teaching awards, and research fellowships. 6GjlgbwYHic-00062-00035240-00035738 Rabaka's cultural criticism, social commentary, and political analysis has been featured in 6GjlgbwYHic-00063-00035738-00036659 print, radio, television, and online media venues such as NPR, PBS, BBC, CNN, ABC, 6GjlgbwYHic-00064-00036659-00037205 I could go on BET and VH1, had to include them, The Huffington Post, The Denver Post 6GjlgbwYHic-00065-00037205-00037820 the Dallas Morning News, etc. And I want to say that when I first 6GjlgbwYHic-00066-00037820-00038357 met Dr. Rabaka, it was five years ago when we were pulling together an amazing 6GjlgbwYHic-00067-00038357-00038780 "Du Bois in Our Time" exhibit at the University Museum of Contemporary Art 6GjlgbwYHic-00068-00038780-00039322 and it brought together scholars and artists in conversation and I don't 6GjlgbwYHic-00069-00039322-00039669 think, I mean we also had Saidiya Hartman, we had, we had 6GjlgbwYHic-00070-00039669-00040328 some serious folks in that room but what I learned from Dr. Rabaka was 6GjlgbwYHic-00071-00040464-00041226 the idea of activism and scholarship all of those, they're not separate things. 6GjlgbwYHic-00072-00041226-00041688 They don't have to be separate. To be an intellectual it shouldn't be as 6GjlgbwYHic-00073-00041688-00042240 narrowing as we tend to look at it today. And I hope that you understand the 6GjlgbwYHic-00074-00042240-00042681 importance and the significance of this space, this time, this moment as civil 6GjlgbwYHic-00075-00042681-00043180 rights is burgeoning and starting again or maybe it's never going away. 6GjlgbwYHic-00076-00043180-00043449 So I'm going to introduce to you with a very, very warm 6GjlgbwYHic-00077-00043449-00044070 UMass Du Bois Center loving community, please welcome Dr. Reiland Rabaka to the stage. 6GjlgbwYHic-00078-00044122-00045700 [Applause] 6GjlgbwYHic-00079-00045934-00046697 >>Good afternoon, good evening. It is a great pleasure to be here. I'm very, very 6GjlgbwYHic-00080-00046697-00047361 humbled by just the opening here, I feel like I can just go back to Boulder you 6GjlgbwYHic-00081-00047361-00047828 know get back on my snowboard. No seriously I want to say thank you so 6GjlgbwYHic-00082-00047828-00048464 much to Dr. Whitney Battle-Baptiste I, I can't say thank you enough, thank you for 6GjlgbwYHic-00083-00048464-00048869 the invitation, thank you for the vote of confidence. It means the world to me and 6GjlgbwYHic-00084-00048869-00049493 in fact I'll say it in Kiswahili. Asante sana nashik guru sana. You know, thank you 6GjlgbwYHic-00085-00049493-00049991 a thousand times for every grain of sand on the seashore, I say 6GjlgbwYHic-00086-00049991-00050736 thank you. I'd like to also thank Carol and Emily and all the other folk in the 6GjlgbwYHic-00087-00050736-00051155 Du Bois Center who made this happen and I want to thank you UMass. Thank you for, 6GjlgbwYHic-00088-00051155-00051626 for showing up, for being here today. I have family and friends in the audience 6GjlgbwYHic-00089-00051626-00052130 what's up Chris, what's up Dr. Shabazz, you know so I want to shout out all my 6GjlgbwYHic-00090-00052130-00052631 beautiful people. But since you brought me here let's get right into it. 6GjlgbwYHic-00091-00052631-00053180 In the spirit of Du Bois I want to just say as a disclaimer that I'm sort of 6GjlgbwYHic-00092-00053180-00053666 more interested in a dialogue with Du Bois today. This isn't a scholarly 6GjlgbwYHic-00093-00053666-00054200 conference so people that would criticize me for not being highfalutin 6GjlgbwYHic-00094-00054268-00054818 that's not what this is about, right. This isn't a professional conference so this 6GjlgbwYHic-00095-00054818-00055292 is about exposing that next generation to Du Bois I'm really, really committed to 6GjlgbwYHic-00096-00055292-00055660 sharing Du Bois with the next generation why because my first grade teacher, 6GjlgbwYHic-00097-00055660-00056375 Mrs. Robinson, during Black History Month in 1979 she did it with me and I was so mad 6GjlgbwYHic-00098-00056375-00057077 when she gave me a Frenchman. See I thought he was a Frenchman. Everybody else, 6GjlgbwYHic-00099-00057078-00057558 somebody got Duke Ellington, somebody got Bessie Smith, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., 6GjlgbwYHic-00100-00057558-00058032 Marcus Garvey and then she gave me a Frenchman. 6GjlgbwYHic-00101-00058116-00058591 And so I strode up to her desk and said Mrs. Robinson I think there has been a 6GjlgbwYHic-00102-00058592-00059213 mistake [Laugh]. And she said, Reiland, you know what if you would read as much as you 6GjlgbwYHic-00103-00059213-00060131 run your mouth. And so of course I had to stay after class, my mother wasn't happy, 6GjlgbwYHic-00104-00060131-00060675 and she walked me to the library and she showed me Du Bois and that was the first 6GjlgbwYHic-00105-00060675-00061038 book, The Souls of Black Folk was the first book I've ever seen with a black 6GjlgbwYHic-00106-00061040-00061576 person on the cover. And it changed me fundamentally so yes, Wakanda forever. 6GjlgbwYHic-00107-00061732-00062141 Seeing images of us it's very powerful and I think some people take 6GjlgbwYHic-00108-00062141-00062544 that for granted so anyways another one of my disclaimer since I have the Dean 6GjlgbwYHic-00109-00062544-00062979 of libraries right here before me, I believe I have been coming here to UMass 6GjlgbwYHic-00110-00062979-00063395 and attempting to work in the papers very humbly, attempting to work in the 6GjlgbwYHic-00111-00063395-00064098 papers since 1997, might have been 96 and so Du Bois brought me to Massachusetts I 6GjlgbwYHic-00112-00064098-00064473 had never been in Massachusetts before this was the only reason I came here and 6GjlgbwYHic-00113-00064473-00064892 now this is like a second home to me. I quite love it out here. 6GjlgbwYHic-00114-00064892-00065337 Especially since the weather's nicer than in Boulder but anyway I'm gonna leave that alone. 6GjlgbwYHic-00115-00065337-00066296 So let's get right into it the the title today "W.E.B. Du Bois: Reflections on His life and Legacy, 1868 through 2018" 6GjlgbwYHic-00116-00066348-00066572 about 150 years here. 6GjlgbwYHic-00117-00066572-00067167 This talk is going to be one where I emphasize Du Bois's interdisciplinarity 6GjlgbwYHic-00118-00067167-00067681 and his intersectionality. When we say interdisciplinarity we're talking about 6GjlgbwYHic-00119-00067681-00068252 literally Du Bois working in between and contributing to many different 6GjlgbwYHic-00120-00068252-00068606 disciplines. This is going to be fundamental to that field that we call 6GjlgbwYHic-00121-00068606-00068894 African-American studies which we're going to be talking about a little bit 6GjlgbwYHic-00122-00068894-00069314 later, it's also fundamental to women and gender and sexuality studies, it's also 6GjlgbwYHic-00123-00069314-00069695 fundamental to post-colonial and decolonial studies, and in fact it's also 6GjlgbwYHic-00124-00069695-00070287 fundamental to LGBTQ studies. Interdisciplinarity right and the power 6GjlgbwYHic-00125-00070287-00070856 of it and in essence I say that Du Bois is a classical interdisciplinarian in 6GjlgbwYHic-00126-00070856-00071370 fact he's a proto-interdisciplinarian, that means before, you know, 6GjlgbwYHic-00127-00071370-00071556 anyway I wasn't going to get highfalutin, 6GjlgbwYHic-00128-00071556-00072024 but sometimes I can't help it. Okay Du Bois also embraces 6GjlgbwYHic-00129-00072024-00072591 intersectionality this whole notion of the critical exploration of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00130-00072591-00073011 interconnected nature of identity and social categories such as race, gender, 6GjlgbwYHic-00131-00073011-00073664 class, and sexuality so Du Bois again would be a proto-intersectionalist so 6GjlgbwYHic-00132-00073664-00074112 this talk is really going to be couched, operating from these two angles here. 6GjlgbwYHic-00133-00074112-00074691 This is also how I have attempted to dialogue with Du Bois in the 21st century. 6GjlgbwYHic-00134-00074691-00075189 Some people like to think of Du Bois as a very 20th century figure and in fact my 6GjlgbwYHic-00135-00075189-00075654 first book is called Du Bois and the Problems of the Twenty-First Century. What am I 6GjlgbwYHic-00136-00075654-00076101 saying? I'm saying that Du Bois is still incredibly relevant for us today in the 6GjlgbwYHic-00137-00076101-00076656 21st century. In order to understand Du Bois we need to understand the 6GjlgbwYHic-00138-00076656-00077151 National Association of Colored Women and in fact it is this organization that 6GjlgbwYHic-00139-00077151-00078108 took an orphaned Du Bois in when his mother passed away on March 23rd, 1884. 6GjlgbwYHic-00140-00078108-00078627 He was only 16 years old when his mother passed away. So we need to understand how 6GjlgbwYHic-00141-00078627-00079056 is it that this 16 year old who's the only African-American in the town of 6GjlgbwYHic-00142-00079056-00079470 Great Barrington, least one of the only children there, how is it that he's able 6GjlgbwYHic-00143-00079470-00079998 to complete high school, go to Fisk, Harvard, and the University of Berlin. 6GjlgbwYHic-00144-00079998-00080388 We need to understand some things about this organization, an organization that's 6GjlgbwYHic-00145-00080388-00080787 really going to be instrumental to understanding who Du Bois is. I also just 6GjlgbwYHic-00146-00080787-00081189 want to shout out sister Whitney, that I am beginning on a black feminist note. 6GjlgbwYHic-00147-00081189-00081690 Which is where I almost always begin. Why? Because my grandmother was one of these 6GjlgbwYHic-00148-00081690-00082232 or is, she's 90 years old, she is one of these clubs' women down in Texas and my 6GjlgbwYHic-00149-00082232-00082820 mother is one of these clubs' women down in Texas. So the National Association of 6GjlgbwYHic-00150-00082820-00083241 Colored Women established in 1896 by Harriet Tubman, I'm gonna say that again, 6GjlgbwYHic-00151-00083241-00083793 by Harriet Tubman, the godmother of our people, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, 6GjlgbwYHic-00152-00083793-00084324 Mary Church Terrell, Ida B. Wells, and Margaret Marie Washington you can see there. 6GjlgbwYHic-00153-00084546-00084888 All day long. Oh, this is beautiful. Thank you Trevor, I needed that 6GjlgbwYHic-00154-00084889-00085255 calling response you know, I'm saying you gonna get a better show if you talk back 6GjlgbwYHic-00155-00085255-00085692 to me. Here we go, it's so beautiful, here we go, 6GjlgbwYHic-00156-00085692-00086208 National Association of Colored Women again I want to foreground Harriet Tubman 6GjlgbwYHic-00157-00086208-00086634 who inspired someone by the name of Frederick Douglass and in fact if you 6GjlgbwYHic-00158-00086634-00087124 go and get a book by Frederick Douglass, it's called Frederick Douglass on Women's Rights, 6GjlgbwYHic-00159-00087124-00087520 and he says that he got up the courage to challenge the 6GjlgbwYHic-00160-00087520-00088078 enslavement because of Harriet Tubman's example. This is really powerful because 6GjlgbwYHic-00161-00088078-00088450 a lot of times, a lot of times when we talk about a lot of these great male 6GjlgbwYHic-00162-00088450-00088768 figures the sisters are always in the background instead of right alongside us. 6GjlgbwYHic-00163-00088898-00089232 I think that that's important and I know that's African-American Studies as well. 6GjlgbwYHic-00164-00089233-00089647 Okay so when we talk about the National Association of Colored Women we're 6GjlgbwYHic-00165-00089647-00090066 talking about the foremothers of contemporary black feminism/womanism, 6GjlgbwYHic-00166-00090066-00090502 they engaged in a wide range of issues, including: civil rights, women's 6GjlgbwYHic-00167-00090502-00091108 rights, voting rights, lynching, poverty, crime, and alcohol, critiquing alcoholism, 6GjlgbwYHic-00168-00091108-00091627 health and education. So again you can really see the germ for what's later on 6GjlgbwYHic-00169-00091627-00092038 going to become the civil rights movement, the seed of it is here and in 6GjlgbwYHic-00170-00092038-00092365 fact if you go and engage the work of Darlene Clark Hine, 6GjlgbwYHic-00171-00092365-00092785 Darlene Clark Hine says that the black woman's club movement, the National 6GjlgbwYHic-00172-00092785-00093136 Association of Colored Women is literally the first civil rights 6GjlgbwYHic-00173-00093136-00093478 organization in the history of this nation. So some people have very 6GjlgbwYHic-00174-00093478-00093880 20th century conceptions of the civil rights movement without 6GjlgbwYHic-00175-00093880-00094680 understanding that that period 1954 to 1965, that was a modern mid-20th century 6GjlgbwYHic-00176-00094680-00095092 expression of the civil rights movement but the civil rights movement has been 6GjlgbwYHic-00177-00095092-00095836 going on since 1619, August 1619 we've been fighting for freedom. You can see 6GjlgbwYHic-00178-00095836-00096312 here, here's the motto of the Black Women's Club movement "Lifting as We Climb," 6GjlgbwYHic-00179-00096312-00096790 imagine if more of us embrace that today, "Lifting as We Climb" right. 6GjlgbwYHic-00180-00096811-00097216 Very, very powerful to understand the motto of the movement here's one of their banners 6GjlgbwYHic-00181-00097216-00097792 from the Smithsonian, "Lifting as We Climb." In terms of major figures someone from 6GjlgbwYHic-00182-00097792-00098000 right, from right here in Massachusetts 6GjlgbwYHic-00183-00098000-00098528 Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin and Frances Ellen Watkins Harper. 6GjlgbwYHic-00184-00098528-00098957 It was Mrs. Ruffins house that Du Bois went to he says in his autobiography 6GjlgbwYHic-00185-00098957-00099470 every Thursday night he had dinner there, when he was up in Harvard. And he said 6GjlgbwYHic-00186-00099470-00099974 that he borrowed many books from her library, he did admit many of which he 6GjlgbwYHic-00187-00099974-00100325 did not return he felt bad about that. This is in the autobiography, I'm not 6GjlgbwYHic-00188-00100325-00100952 gossiping I'm just telling if you read carefully, okay. And so it was 6GjlgbwYHic-00189-00100952-00101312 Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin who becomes the president of the National Association of Colored Women, 6GjlgbwYHic-00190-00101312-00101588 this is gonna be very, very important so that you can see the link 6GjlgbwYHic-00191-00101588-00102084 right between Du Bois and this particular organization. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper 6GjlgbwYHic-00192-00102098-00102614 could be characterized as a black feminist abolitionist and in 6GjlgbwYHic-00193-00102614-00103013 fact right alongside Frederick Douglass would be Frances Allen Watkins Harper. 6GjlgbwYHic-00194-00103013-00103356 Again most people know about Douglass and they know so little about 6GjlgbwYHic-00195-00103356-00103828 Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, and in fact Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was one of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00196-00103829-00104306 greatest poets America has ever produced and she also wrote five novels they call 6GjlgbwYHic-00197-00104306-00104897 her the Toni Morrison of the 19th century. This is that connection between 6GjlgbwYHic-00198-00104897-00105416 black politics and black arts, Du Bois is going to really embrace that. Again from 6GjlgbwYHic-00199-00105416-00105878 right here in Massachusetts, Mary Church Terrell, in fact she goes on to found the 6GjlgbwYHic-00200-00105878-00106550 Boston chapter of the NAACP. And Ida B. Wells, the greatest anti-lynching 6GjlgbwYHic-00201-00106554-00107102 crusader that this country has produced, both were presidents if you 6GjlgbwYHic-00202-00107102-00107629 will of the National Association of Colored Women. And one of the most iconic 6GjlgbwYHic-00203-00107629-00108239 members to emerge from this association Dr. Anna Julia Cooper who lived to be 6GjlgbwYHic-00204-00108239-00108784 105 years old, she was educated at Oberlin, Columbia University, and the 6GjlgbwYHic-00205-00108784-00109271 University of Paris. She published A Voice from the South in 1892 which 6GjlgbwYHic-00206-00109271-00109547 provided the conceptual framework for black feminism 6GjlgbwYHic-00207-00109547-00110034 and African-American women's studies. She was a leader and member of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00208-00110034-00110752 National Association of Colored Women and she went on to be a university president. 6GjlgbwYHic-00209-00110752-00111146 She was the fourth African American woman to earn her PhD. 6GjlgbwYHic-00210-00111146-00111833 Here's a photo of members of the National Association of Colored Women, 6GjlgbwYHic-00211-00111833-00112307 you can see that they were suffragettes as well, but some of you all know that 6GjlgbwYHic-00212-00112307-00112759 unfortunately in the suffrage movement there was a color line. 6GjlgbwYHic-00213-00112780-00113283 Right, Ida B. Wells writes of this very eloquently in her autobiography how she wanted to join 6GjlgbwYHic-00214-00113284-00113804 with the National, if you will, Women's Clubs but they drew the color 6GjlgbwYHic-00215-00113804-00114215 line, and so that's why somebody, anybody's asking why there's a special 6GjlgbwYHic-00216-00114215-00114641 Black Women's Club movement it's because of racial segregation and the pernicious 6GjlgbwYHic-00217-00114641-00114983 effects of American, of American apartheid. 6GjlgbwYHic-00218-00115098-00115748 Here again, this National Association here's some further images before we transition here I just want 6GjlgbwYHic-00219-00115748-00116209 you to know that even in naming the organization that Du Bois co-founds the 6GjlgbwYHic-00220-00116209-00116657 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Du Bois is troping on 6GjlgbwYHic-00221-00116657-00117224 this parent organization. He considered them his surrogate mothers. These 6GjlgbwYHic-00222-00117224-00117535 were the women who took up collections to make sure he got through all of those 6GjlgbwYHic-00223-00117535-00118118 schools. Right so from the age of 16 to the age of 27 Du Bois was in school, 6GjlgbwYHic-00224-00118118-00118727 that's 11 years, they supported him all the way through and his tribute, however 6GjlgbwYHic-00225-00118727-00119288 mute, his tribute to them is actually in the name of the NAACP, but 6GjlgbwYHic-00226-00119288-00119608 since most people actually they write off and erase black women and their 6GjlgbwYHic-00227-00119608-00120092 contributions they don't realize that. That wow, Du Bois was very, very 6GjlgbwYHic-00228-00120092-00120557 influenced by this organization. So to understand Du Bois we need to understand 6GjlgbwYHic-00229-00120557-00120989 the National Association of Colored Women. We also need to understand the 6GjlgbwYHic-00230-00120989-00121472 American Negro Academy, and I want you to see this as the genesis of 6GjlgbwYHic-00231-00121485-00122011 African-American Studies and so if you look at other major scholarly and professional 6GjlgbwYHic-00232-00122011-00122456 organizations as they were coming into being in the United States of America, 6GjlgbwYHic-00233-00122456-00123034 I just want to roll call real quick. So they found the American Historical 6GjlgbwYHic-00234-00123034-00123704 Association 1884, American Economic Association 1885, American Psychological 6GjlgbwYHic-00235-00123704-00124486 Association 1892, and look the National Association of Colored Women 1896. 6GjlgbwYHic-00236-00124486-00125149 The American Negro Academy 1897, the American Philosophical Association 1900, 6GjlgbwYHic-00237-00125149-00125578 the American Anthropological Association 1902, the American Political Science 6GjlgbwYHic-00238-00125578-00126347 Association 1903, and lastly the American Sociological Association 1905. So look at 6GjlgbwYHic-00239-00126347-00126916 how African American Studies is actually quite contemporary to the formation of a 6GjlgbwYHic-00240-00126916-00127456 lot of these other fields so far from being new it's actually quite old. 6GjlgbwYHic-00241-00127456-00128035 Now we're talking about Du Bois as an intellectual ancestor, we're talking 6GjlgbwYHic-00242-00128035-00128380 about intellectual architecture something on which we are building 6GjlgbwYHic-00243-00128380-00128890 thought and practice, right, because Du Bois always emphasized connections 6GjlgbwYHic-00244-00128890-00129325 between theory and practices some of the key members of the American Negro 6GjlgbwYHic-00245-00129325-00129859 Academy, Anna Julia Cooper, Dr. Carter G. Woodson, Alain Locke, and 6GjlgbwYHic-00246-00129859-00130295 certainly Du Bois. It's important to look at these figures, these iconic figures 6GjlgbwYHic-00247-00130295-00130744 and what they did. Anna Julia Cooper helped to initiate black feminism and 6GjlgbwYHic-00248-00130744-00131195 African American women's studies, she wrote, obviously, A Voice from the South 6GjlgbwYHic-00249-00131195-00131520 and was a member of the National Association of Colored Women. 6GjlgbwYHic-00250-00131520-00132082 Carter G. Woodson established the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in 6GjlgbwYHic-00251-00132082-00132672 1915 as well as Negro History Week which became 50 years later Black History Month. 6GjlgbwYHic-00252-00132682-00133678 Alain Locke achieved his PhD from Harvard University in philosophy and he 6GjlgbwYHic-00253-00133678-00134123 served as the impresario of the Harlem Renaissance, one of the main ringleaders 6GjlgbwYHic-00254-00134123-00134585 if you will of the Harlem Renaissance. And again my argument here is to 6GjlgbwYHic-00255-00134585-00134945 understand Du Bois we need to understand these fundamental organizations. Why? 6GjlgbwYHic-00256-00134945-00135301 Because Du Bois was about social movements. Du Bois was about political 6GjlgbwYHic-00257-00135302-00135712 movements, Du Bois was about cultural and artistic movements, so I want you to see 6GjlgbwYHic-00258-00135712-00136414 this emphasis on movements. Right, on movements. Now let's get right into it. W.E.B. Du Bois, 6GjlgbwYHic-00259-00136414-00137046 he was born February 23rd, 1868 that's five years after the Emancipation Proclamation, 6GjlgbwYHic-00260-00137046-00137430 he was educated at Fisk, Harvard, and the University of Berlin. 6GjlgbwYHic-00261-00137447-00137916 Du Bois again being interdisciplinary, he studied philosophy, history, 6GjlgbwYHic-00262-00137917-00138349 politics, and economics among others. He's the first African-American to graduate 6GjlgbwYHic-00263-00138349-00138707 from Harvard University. These are some of the things that we know, these are 6GjlgbwYHic-00264-00138707-00139116 some of the sound bites we all know that in here, certainly at UMass. Hallelujah. 6GjlgbwYHic-00265-00139116-00139777 Du Bois had an 80-year publishing career from 1883 to 1963, that is phenomenal by 6GjlgbwYHic-00266-00139777-00140428 any record. An 80-year publishing career, let me say it slowly because I feel so 6GjlgbwYHic-00267-00140428-00141037 good. Du Bois started publishing at 15 and he 6GjlgbwYHic-00268-00141037-00141908 was still publishing at 95. When, I just feel so shameful, you know. People say 6GjlgbwYHic-00269-00141908-00142264 well how did you do, how do you do all that, I just, it's shamefu,l I just feel 6GjlgbwYHic-00270-00142264-00142532 like we, I just feel lazy you know? 6GjlgbwYHic-00271-00142570-00143834 The guy didn't have a computer, didn't have an iPhone. And in fact, if I'm gonna keep it real they wouldn't even 6GjlgbwYHic-00272-00143834-00144224 let him in most libraries because of segregation. 6GjlgbwYHic-00273-00144488-00144760 And he did all of that? 6GjlgbwYHic-00274-00145232-00145685 He co-founded the NAACP, he was one of the first scholars to seriously study 6GjlgbwYHic-00275-00145685-00146132 African-Americans retention of African culture and contributions to American 6GjlgbwYHic-00276-00146132-00146626 history, culture, and politics. He died the day before the march on Washington 6GjlgbwYHic-00277-00146626-00146996 August 27th, 1963. These are, these are some of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00278-00146996-00147470 adjectives that we could, that have been used, pardon me, to describe W.E.B. Du Bois; 6GjlgbwYHic-00279-00147470-00147901 a pan-Africanist, an anti-colonialist, a cultural critic, a 6GjlgbwYHic-00280-00147901-00148585 critical race theorist, a male-feminist, a radical Democrat, a political economist, a 6GjlgbwYHic-00281-00148585-00149377 sociologist, and a historian. Major works by Du Bois again a lot of us know them 6GjlgbwYHic-00282-00149377-00149755 but I want to keep, I want to move beyond The Souls of Black Folk. Why? If we start 6GjlgbwYHic-00283-00149755-00150223 and stop with The Souls of Black Folk, most people don't realize Du Bois was 6GjlgbwYHic-00284-00150223-00150780 only 35 years old. In my work I talk about intellectual assassination, 6GjlgbwYHic-00285-00150780-00151384 essentially they kill him off at 35 and he lived another 60 years and 6GjlgbwYHic-00286-00151384-00151942 I have spent the great bulk of my lackluster career exploring what is he, 6GjlgbwYHic-00287-00151942-00152554 what did he do that last 60 years of his life? Why do people start and stop with 6GjlgbwYHic-00288-00152554-00152941 The Souls of Black Folk? They might go to The Talented Tenth which is also 1903, 6GjlgbwYHic-00289-00152941-00153463 he's only 35 years old. They might go to The Philadelphia Negro but that was in 6GjlgbwYHic-00290-00153463-00153775 the 19th century they don't even, I mean the guy lives until the middle of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00291-00153775-00154309 20th century. You know people talk about early period Karl Marx, middle period 6GjlgbwYHic-00292-00154309-00154915 Marx, late period Marx well I'm fixing to talk about early period Du Bois, middle 6GjlgbwYHic-00293-00154915-00155521 period Du Bois, and late period Du Bois. He lived 95 years he actually deserves 6GjlgbwYHic-00294-00155521-00155881 this kind of periodization, that's what it's called for the smart people out 6GjlgbwYHic-00295-00155881-00156772 there, a periodization. I'm trying. Scholarly works, major scholarly works: 6GjlgbwYHic-00296-00156772-00157207 The Philadelphia Negro; The Souls of Black Folk; his 1915 classic which really 6GjlgbwYHic-00297-00157207-00157627 is a major contribution to cultural anthropology Dr. Battle Baptiste 6GjlgbwYHic-00298-00157627-00158161 The Negro by which he meant the black or the African; my favorite book 6GjlgbwYHic-00299-00158161-00158520 I typically don't say this especially not in front of children but my favorite book 6GjlgbwYHic-00300-00158520-00159190 by Du Bois is called Darkwater 1920 and you have the seeds of afrofuturism so if 6GjlgbwYHic-00301-00159190-00159685 you really want to read something that is a precursor to Black Panther go and 6GjlgbwYHic-00302-00159685-00159994 pick up a book called Darkwater where Du Bois develops some of the most 6GjlgbwYHic-00303-00159994-00160453 beautiful short stories and poetry. In fact it's it's a work where he mixes so 6GjlgbwYHic-00304-00160453-00160909 many different literary styles you really see his genius, now his genius is 6GjlgbwYHic-00305-00160909-00161449 everywhere but I think it's pronounced in Darkwater; The Gift of Black Folk 6GjlgbwYHic-00306-00161449-00161920 1924; Black Reconstruction, now I'm fixing to contradict myself, 6GjlgbwYHic-00307-00161920-00162532 my other favorite work, my other favorite work by Du Bois the 1935 classic which 6GjlgbwYHic-00308-00162532-00162790 really helps to inaugurate something called black Marxism according to 6GjlgbwYHic-00309-00162808-00163399 Cedric Robinson, Black Reconstruction; Black Folk, Then and Now; Color and Democracy; and I 6GjlgbwYHic-00310-00163399-00163804 guess my later life favorite by Du Bois, The World and Africa, this book 6GjlgbwYHic-00311-00163804-00164369 will change your life you've got to read beyond The Souls of Black Folk. 6GjlgbwYHic-00312-00164369-00164994 Du Bois was also an editor extraordinaire of some great renown. 6GjlgbwYHic-00313-00164994-00165528 He began his career editing The Atlanta University Studies and for almost 20 6GjlgbwYHic-00314-00165528-00166326 years roughly, seemingly, between let's say 1895 and 1915, each year Du Bois would 6GjlgbwYHic-00315-00166326-00166806 put out The Atlanta University Studies and so he really, really would gather 6GjlgbwYHic-00316-00166806-00167346 some of the most brilliant scholars in this country and get them together on a 6GjlgbwYHic-00317-00167346-00167712 single theme, something I hope we do in UMass, though you know I hope we could do 6GjlgbwYHic-00318-00167712-00168279 that here. Would be really beautiful. What Du Bois would do, you all, is with 6GjlgbwYHic-00319-00168279-00168582 The Atlantic University Studies, he would say what is the most pressing problems 6GjlgbwYHic-00320-00168582-00169044 confronting black folk in America? And one year it would be religion, the 6GjlgbwYHic-00321-00169044-00169497 next year would be education, one year would be a crime, one year would be 6GjlgbwYHic-00322-00169497-00170088 health, and so each year he would gather the top minds, right, who are really doing 6GjlgbwYHic-00323-00170088-00170547 African Americanist work and he would put out an edited volume. Those volumes 6GjlgbwYHic-00324-00170547-00171021 continue to stand the test of time, they are incredible and in fact this year's 6GjlgbwYHic-00325-00171021-00171384 National Council for Black Studies conference will be in Atlanta, am I right 6GjlgbwYHic-00326-00171384-00171795 Dr. Shabazz? Right and so if y'all come on down there you can get an opportunity 6GjlgbwYHic-00327-00171795-00172266 to see some of those works The Atlanta University Studies a monument to 6GjlgbwYHic-00328-00172266-00172701 American scholarship. After that he edited The Moon however briefly, 6GjlgbwYHic-00329-00172701-00173157 The Horizon however briefly, and his most famous editorial activities were with 6GjlgbwYHic-00330-00173157-00173889 The Crisis right the magazine, the periodical for the NAACP. 6GjlgbwYHic-00331-00173889-00174117 From there once they kicked him out of the NAACP, 6GjlgbwYHic-00332-00174117-00174540 I said it, once they kicked him out of the NAACP he edited Phylon. 6GjlgbwYHic-00333-00174540-00174844 Phylon is a Greek word that means race. 6GjlgbwYHic-00334-00175010-00175464 Du Bois like his idol Frederick Douglass also engaged in autobiography. 6GjlgbwYHic-00335-00175464-00175851 This is a very very important genre within African American literature and 6GjlgbwYHic-00336-00175851-00176301 like Douglass Du Bois has five autobiographical works, now I'm not 6GjlgbwYHic-00337-00176301-00176628 saying that they're all autobiography because Du Bois just didn't rock like 6GjlgbwYHic-00338-00176628-00176841 that. There were also elements of history and 6GjlgbwYHic-00339-00176841-00177297 culture and politics and economic analysis in Du Bois's autobiographical 6GjlgbwYHic-00340-00177297-00177653 works, but who can deny that once you get to The Souls of Black Folks 6GjlgbwYHic-00341-00177653-00178010 say for instance a chapter call "Of the Passing of the Firstborn" 6GjlgbwYHic-00342-00178010-00178526 that's autobiographical, anybody with me? Right so autobiography is strung 6GjlgbwYHic-00343-00178526-00179063 throughout Du Bois's corpus. Darkwater again autobiography, Dusk of Dawn he 6GjlgbwYHic-00344-00179063-00179426 actually called that an autobiography, my favorite autobiography by Du Bois is 6GjlgbwYHic-00345-00179426-00179945 called In Battle for Peace 1952, which was actually at one point banned in this 6GjlgbwYHic-00346-00179945-00180404 country. [Audience member sneezes] God bless you. And then lastly, they put it out on his 6GjlgbwYHic-00347-00180404-00180917 100th birthday and Martin Luther King Jr. was the keynote speaker at his 100th 6GjlgbwYHic-00348-00180917-00181352 birthday February 23rd, 1968, where they unveiled, 6GjlgbwYHic-00349-00181352-00181814 Dr. Herbert Aptheker unveiled the autobiography of W.E.B. Du Bois his most 6GjlgbwYHic-00350-00181814-00182372 profound autobiography. It's amazing that he planned for his own centennial, the 6GjlgbwYHic-00351-00182372-00182999 guy is just a genius, this is amazing to me! Wow. I talked early about the connection 6GjlgbwYHic-00352-00182999-00183353 between politics and arts. Most people don't realize Du Bois's 6GjlgbwYHic-00353-00183353-00183815 creative writings include: five novels, several volumes of poetry, three dozen 6GjlgbwYHic-00354-00183815-00184370 short stories, and two dozen plays. This is important so that when I start 6GjlgbwYHic-00355-00184370-00184817 talking about interdisciplinarity people can see Du Bois drew just as much from 6GjlgbwYHic-00356-00184817-00185222 the arts and the humanities as he did from the social sciences and in fact 6GjlgbwYHic-00357-00185222-00185558 this field called African American studies, we actually don't make those 6GjlgbwYHic-00358-00185558-00186032 kinds of distinctions. We find them to be very arbitrary and artificial, okay. 6GjlgbwYHic-00359-00186032-00186563 Because African American Studies is a human science, we're talking about 6GjlgbwYHic-00360-00186563-00186944 humanity and it's important to emphasize that. Why? Because people of African 6GjlgbwYHic-00361-00186944-00187645 descent for so long in this country were dehumanized. Again this emphasis on 6GjlgbwYHic-00362-00187645-00188197 movements. Du Bois was very active in a number of social and political movements; 6GjlgbwYHic-00363-00188197-00188666 Pan-Africanism, the African Independence movement, Cooperative Economics movement, 6GjlgbwYHic-00364-00188666-00189146 the Niagara movement, obviously the NAACP, the New Negro movement, 6GjlgbwYHic-00365-00189146-00189575 the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights movement, the Women's Liberation movement, 6GjlgbwYHic-00366-00189575-00190126 at least the Suffragette movement, that end of it, the Anti-War and the Peace movement. 6GjlgbwYHic-00367-00190126-00190577 So look at Du Bois again embracing this whole idea of a scholar 6GjlgbwYHic-00368-00190577-00191033 activist of a scholar activist. It's not enough to be an academic, 6GjlgbwYHic-00369-00191033-00191357 we have too many academics running around these campuses. What we need are 6GjlgbwYHic-00370-00191357-00191708 intellectuals. Why? Because the intellectuals work isn't just 6GjlgbwYHic-00371-00191708-00192221 quarantined to the college campus. An intellectual can go and rock the best of 6GjlgbwYHic-00372-00192221-00192529 the synagogues, the mosques, the churches, the spiritual 6GjlgbwYHic-00373-00192529-00192908 centers. They can go to town halls, they can go anywhere it's at, you can get it. 6GjlgbwYHic-00374-00192908-00193349 Wherever they go you can get it. That's the way Du Bois was, right? So he wasn't an 6GjlgbwYHic-00375-00193349-00193816 academic, he was an intellectual. And if you look at what was happening when 6GjlgbwYHic-00376-00193816-00194351 Du Bois was really emerging and coming of age as an intellectual there was a lot 6GjlgbwYHic-00377-00194351-00194819 of discourse on what it meant to be an American intellectual. What kind of 6GjlgbwYHic-00378-00194819-00195238 issues would really distinguish an intellectual in America. 6GjlgbwYHic-00379-00195238-00195725 Du Bois was at the forefront of those discussions. And we couldn't talk about 6GjlgbwYHic-00380-00195725-00196126 Du Bois without talking about his great debate with Booker T. Washington. 6GjlgbwYHic-00381-00196274-00196772 Some people position it as Washington emphasizing industrial education where 6GjlgbwYHic-00382-00196772-00197230 Du Bois emphasized liberal arts education. It wasn't that simple. Things are a lot 6GjlgbwYHic-00383-00197230-00197842 more complicated if we actually read, right? Here, in fact, it's important to 6GjlgbwYHic-00384-00197842-00198388 point out that Booker T. Washington actually was an advocate of 6GjlgbwYHic-00385-00198388-00198877 Self-Reliance and Social Uplift. He secretly, most people don't know this, he 6GjlgbwYHic-00386-00198877-00199339 secretly supported and sought civil rights and social justice. A lot of this 6GjlgbwYHic-00387-00199339-00199772 come from Louis Harlan's work on Booker T. Washington, some of the best work and I 6GjlgbwYHic-00388-00199772-00200316 think Washington's major biographer, Louis Harlan has two volumes on 6GjlgbwYHic-00389-00200316-00200716 Booker T. Washington where a lot of this comes from. Booker T. Washington proposed 6GjlgbwYHic-00390-00200716-00201154 African Americans obtained power by accumulating wealth, that's going to be 6GjlgbwYHic-00391-00201154-00201478 very tricky in American society at that particular time. 6GjlgbwYHic-00392-00201478-00202057 Washington is most famous for his September the 12th, 1895, Atlanta Compromise address. 6GjlgbwYHic-00393-00202218-00202520 He seemed to accept many racial myths and stereotypes about 6GjlgbwYHic-00394-00202520-00203044 African Americans, he privileged black manual labor over black mental labor, and 6GjlgbwYHic-00395-00203044-00203573 he was at least publicly an advocate of accommodationism. He mastered the 6GjlgbwYHic-00396-00203573-00204052 nuances of the political arena in the late 19th century which enabled him to 6GjlgbwYHic-00397-00204052-00204392 manipulate the media, raise money, strategize, 6GjlgbwYHic-00398-00204392-00204896 network, pressure and reward friends, and distribute funds while punishing those 6GjlgbwYHic-00399-00204896-00205436 who opposed his plans for uplifting black folk. And one of the responses 6GjlgbwYHic-00400-00205436-00205811 Du Bois came with was The Talented Tenth theory 6GjlgbwYHic-00401-00205811-00206277 but also he has the key piece in his most famous book, The Souls of Black Folk, 6GjlgbwYHic-00402-00206277-00206881 called "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others." Now one of the ways that we can 6GjlgbwYHic-00403-00206881-00207330 grapple and engage with The Souls of Black Folk is to look at the first three 6GjlgbwYHic-00404-00207330-00207864 chapters. Basically they hinge on the historical strivings of black folk. 6GjlgbwYHic-00405-00207864-00208573 So notice Du Bois's emphasis on history. Chapters four through nine symbolized 6GjlgbwYHic-00406-00208575-00209108 the social and political strivings of black folk. In chapters ten through fourteen 6GjlgbwYHic-00407-00209108-00209582 represent the spiritual and religious strivings of the souls of black folk. 6GjlgbwYHic-00408-00209582-00210104 So look at how there's a triad here, right, of the way these chapters 6GjlgbwYHic-00409-00210105-00210516 can be coupled together to understand The Souls of Black Folk. At least this is 6GjlgbwYHic-00410-00210516-00210900 the way I try to introduce it to high schoolers among other youth. There are 6GjlgbwYHic-00411-00210900-00211409 five fundamental themes, I believe, in The Souls of Black Folk. Again some of you 6GjlgbwYHic-00412-00211409-00211910 all may find others. These five fundamental themes: the Vision of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00413-00211910-00212498 Veil, so the veil; Life Lived Along the Color-Line, so the color line; the Concept 6GjlgbwYHic-00414-00212498-00212957 of Double Consciousness; the Saga of Second Sight, something that we saw in 6GjlgbwYHic-00415-00212957-00213501 the recent Black Panther movie, second sight; and the Gift Theory, another one. 6GjlgbwYHic-00416-00213501-00213884 I could do a Souls of Black Folk reading the Black Panther movie. Wow. I'm 6GjlgbwYHic-00417-00213884-00214229 not gonna ruin the movie for you. Anyway so these five fundamental concepts I 6GjlgbwYHic-00418-00214230-00214512 think are very important in terms of engaging The Souls of Black Folk. 6GjlgbwYHic-00419-00214512-00214928 Now, let's shift to some of the academic disciplines that Du Bois directly 6GjlgbwYHic-00420-00214929-00215346 contributed to and made significant innovations in. So let's look at the 6GjlgbwYHic-00421-00215346-00215885 discipline of history. Du Bois really makes significant contributions to the 6GjlgbwYHic-00422-00215885-00216321 history of race. We all know that his dissertation was called 6GjlgbwYHic-00423-00216321-00216686 "The Suppression of the African Slave Trade" so he had to really grapple with a great 6GjlgbwYHic-00424-00216686-00217121 deal of African history. Du Bois certainly mastered American history, 6GjlgbwYHic-00425-00217121-00217451 African-American history, made contributions to women's history, 6GjlgbwYHic-00426-00217451-00217977 intellectual history, cultural history, social history, political history, economic 6GjlgbwYHic-00427-00217977-00218459 history, and religious history. I want to emphasize this this whole notion of 6GjlgbwYHic-00428-00218459-00218907 economic history here because when he studied at the University of Berlin 6GjlgbwYHic-00429-00218907-00219282 he studied in the department of Political Economy. There was no such 6GjlgbwYHic-00430-00219282-00220092 thing as sociology when Du Bois was in school. So he helped to pioneer this 6GjlgbwYHic-00431-00220092-00220583 discipline called sociology and major subfields within sociology that Du Bois 6GjlgbwYHic-00432-00220583-00221096 contributes to would be first and foremost historical sociology, political 6GjlgbwYHic-00433-00221096-00221635 sociology, urban and rural sociology. There is no way to read The Philadelphia Negro 6GjlgbwYHic-00434-00221635-00222033 without grappling with Du Bois's juxtaposition of urban and rural 6GjlgbwYHic-00435-00222033-00222569 sociology and in fact I submit to you before he wrote The Philadelphia Negro 6GjlgbwYHic-00436-00222569-00223389 Du Bois did six Department of Labor Studies on rural, right, the rural 6GjlgbwYHic-00437-00223389-00223848 conditions of black folk particularly in Farmsville, Virginia, right. Some of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00438-00223848-00224154 most incredible work we need to republish those pieces but they're 6GjlgbwYHic-00439-00224154-00224510 really, really incredible incredible pieces. So again both urban and rural 6GjlgbwYHic-00440-00224510-00225056 sociology, sociology of culture, obviously sociology of race, sociology of gender, 6GjlgbwYHic-00441-00225056-00225592 sociology of class, sociology of education, sociology of religion, and 6GjlgbwYHic-00442-00225592-00226069 sociology of crime. Du Bois made some serious contributions to criminology. 6GjlgbwYHic-00443-00226069-00226646 Another major field Du Bois contributed to education and these are some of his 6GjlgbwYHic-00444-00226646-00227206 major works within the area of education. So again Du Bois as an interdisciplinarian. 6GjlgbwYHic-00445-00227246-00227652 And notice that last point there at the bottom, the last bullet point he 6GjlgbwYHic-00446-00227652-00228219 published over a hundred articles on education. So that shows you Du Bois's 6GjlgbwYHic-00447-00228219-00228758 emphasize, emphasizes this whole notion of education is connected to 6GjlgbwYHic-00448-00228758-00229183 transformation, and I like to say education for social transformation, 6GjlgbwYHic-00449-00229183-00229685 education for human liberation, and in fact Du Bois is preoccupied with 6GjlgbwYHic-00450-00229685-00230244 education because in the United States of America for 350 years it was 6GjlgbwYHic-00451-00230244-00230659 prohibited for African Americans to be educated, that was not lost on Du Bois, 6GjlgbwYHic-00452-00230659-00231081 that was not lost on Du Bois, 350 years. 6GjlgbwYHic-00453-00231081-00231480 To hold people in bondage and tell them they can't get married, they can't be 6GjlgbwYHic-00454-00231480-00231898 educated, Du Bois did not forget that, right. 6GjlgbwYHic-00455-00232130-00232569 We go from there, education to religion most people don't talk about this this is a 6GjlgbwYHic-00456-00232569-00233019 little taboo when it comes to Du Bois. Arguably the first sociologist of 6GjlgbwYHic-00457-00233019-00233451 American and African American religion, and these are some of the works where 6GjlgbwYHic-00458-00233451-00233840 you can see some of his sociology of religion really really comes through. 6GjlgbwYHic-00459-00233840-00234402 Particularly his 1903, if you all have not read it, in the same year that Du Bois 6GjlgbwYHic-00460-00234402-00234816 published The Souls of Black Folk he published a work called The Negro Church, 6GjlgbwYHic-00461-00234816-00235398 which is a profound, profound, profound work. Alright, I want to go to 6GjlgbwYHic-00462-00235398-00236300 the next slide. Also on religion it keeps going here, the University of Massachusetts press 6GjlgbwYHic-00463-00236300-00236658 in 1980 put out a book called Prayers for Dark People and 6GjlgbwYHic-00464-00236658-00237108 these are prayers that Du Bois wrote, composed himself. They are incredible, 6GjlgbwYHic-00465-00237108-00237671 they are absolutely incredible. And so please note Du Bois contributed not 6GjlgbwYHic-00466-00237671-00238158 simply to sociology of religion but also to history of religion, philosophy of 6GjlgbwYHic-00467-00238158-00238626 religion, anthropology of religion, psychology of religion, religious economy, 6GjlgbwYHic-00468-00238626-00239123 and political theology among others and I argue that his work in religion 6GjlgbwYHic-00469-00239123-00239619 prefigures black Christian nationalism, black liberation theology, and even 6GjlgbwYHic-00470-00239619-00240225 elements of womanist theology. I want to transition here from the traditional 6GjlgbwYHic-00471-00240225-00240654 fields and disciplines to some of the other areas that Du Bois contributes to. 6GjlgbwYHic-00472-00240654-00241131 Du Bois was a pioneer Pan-Africanist. We don't have to break up and talk about 6GjlgbwYHic-00473-00241131-00241458 whether Du Bois invented Pan-African that's all beside the point. 6GjlgbwYHic-00474-00241458-00242175 It is, it is undisputable that Du Bois helped to popularize Pan-Africanism. 6GjlgbwYHic-00475-00242175-00242634 That's what's gonna be really important right this is very, very key. And look as 6GjlgbwYHic-00476-00242634-00243165 early as 1900 Du Bois attends the Pan-African conference. There, right along 6GjlgbwYHic-00477-00243165-00243621 with him was Ida B. Wells and Anna Julia Cooper, again that influence of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00478-00243621-00243936 National Association of Colored Women, right, who were also Pan-Africanist, most 6GjlgbwYHic-00479-00243936-00244323 people don't, there's a book, we should write that book, there's a book. Wow, the 6GjlgbwYHic-00480-00244323-00244535 Pan-Africanism of the National Association of Colored Women. 6GjlgbwYHic-00481-00244535-00245057 This is profound, right. So you can see a lot of his Pan-Africanist activities there. 6GjlgbwYHic-00482-00245057-00245600 So Du Bois is Pan-Africanism but also, I should say it outright, his 6GjlgbwYHic-00483-00245600-00245969 anti-colonialism. Look at his doctoral dissertation, it is called 6GjlgbwYHic-00484-00245969-00246454 "The Suppression of the African Slave Trade." If that's not anti-colonialism nothing is. 6GjlgbwYHic-00485-00246680-00246980 And so please note all the way throughout into the last year of his 6GjlgbwYHic-00486-00246981-00247388 life when he came out with "Colonial and Colored Unity," which is a pamphlet, in 6GjlgbwYHic-00487-00247388-00247988 1963 this is going to be one of the major, major preoccupations of Du Bois's life. 6GjlgbwYHic-00488-00248110-00248526 From here we go directly to Du Bois as an architect of African American 6GjlgbwYHic-00489-00248526-00249054 studies and in fact I argue that he is a major architect of African American 6GjlgbwYHic-00490-00249054-00249375 studies, we've already talked about him being an interdisciplinarian but this 6GjlgbwYHic-00491-00249375-00249794 is fundamental to the field the field should be intersectionalist. That means 6GjlgbwYHic-00492-00249794-00250080 it should not just be black male studies, you know, that's the way some people do it. 6GjlgbwYHic-00493-00250080-00250194 [Audience member]>>Haha okay. 6GjlgbwYHic-00494-00250194-00250516 [Laughing] 6GjlgbwYHic-00495-00250548-00250878 I ain't mad. I'm in women and gender and 6GjlgbwYHic-00496-00250878-00251196 sexuality studies out in Boulder because you know that's where all the freaky people live. 6GjlgbwYHic-00497-00251196-00251354 [Laughing] 6GjlgbwYHic-00498-00251354-00251711 So we can mix it up where I'm at, I'm not afraid to say it but some 6GjlgbwYHic-00499-00251711-00251976 of y'all know for a long time when people say Black Studies they really 6GjlgbwYHic-00500-00251976-00252438 meant black male studies and women were often intellectually erased and rendered 6GjlgbwYHic-00501-00252438-00252833 invisible. So it's important to take up Kimberlé Crenshaw's 6GjlgbwYHic-00502-00252833-00253401 concept of intersectionality, right. Which is very, very powerful, which I believe 6GjlgbwYHic-00503-00253401-00253823 has been fundamental to the best of African American studies, the best of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00504-00253823-00254340 field is always going to emphasize, right, the full range, the full gender spectrum 6GjlgbwYHic-00505-00254340-00254865 if you will, right. Du Bois was a multi-methodologist in fact he came up with 6GjlgbwYHic-00506-00254865-00255225 something called methodological triangulation. That's a $5 word. 6GjlgbwYHic-00507-00255225-00255921 Methodological triangulation. Du Bois was also a scholar activist but a scholar artist. 6GjlgbwYHic-00508-00255921-00256460 A lot of his novels feature female protagonists, right, they're deeply 6GjlgbwYHic-00509-00256460-00257079 black feminists and so he would mix his, his activism with his artistry, his 6GjlgbwYHic-00510-00257079-00257601 poetics with his politics, and ultimately Du Bois is also a radical humanist. 6GjlgbwYHic-00511-00257601-00257952 Within African American Studies there are ten fundamental fields that 6GjlgbwYHic-00512-00257952-00258419 Du Bois drew from consistently and these are those fields: they're history 6GjlgbwYHic-00513-00258419-00258866 religion, philosophy, politics, economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, 6GjlgbwYHic-00514-00258866-00259353 education, and the arts, aesthetics. So again I'm trying to get you to 6GjlgbwYHic-00515-00259353-00259665 understand then that when we say African American studies we're talking 6GjlgbwYHic-00516-00259665-00260202 about an interdisciplinary discipline. I'm putting it very poorly, but, right, so 6GjlgbwYHic-00517-00260202-00260731 it's, in fact I say in some of my other work, its transdisciplinary. That means it 6GjlgbwYHic-00518-00260731-00261228 transgresses and transcends the artificial and arbitrary boundaries of 6GjlgbwYHic-00519-00261228-00261765 disciplines and in fact Du Bois breaks down barriers and breaks down borders. 6GjlgbwYHic-00520-00261765-00262269 So he's a border crosser if you will conceptually speaking. In my work I argue 6GjlgbwYHic-00521-00262269-00262658 that Du Bois not only helped to found black studies but he was also 6GjlgbwYHic-00522-00262658-00263132 instrumental to founding what's called white studies and in, and in fact 6GjlgbwYHic-00523-00263132-00263534 critical white studies. These are some of his major works and terms, major 6GjlgbwYHic-00524-00263534-00263901 contributions to critical white studies. And some of y'all have already realized 6GjlgbwYHic-00525-00263901-00264288 if I'm teaching in Boulder, Colorado I have to do a lot of critical white 6GjlgbwYHic-00526-00264288-00265014 studies even as I do, even as I do and, watch out, even as I do black 6GjlgbwYHic-00527-00265014-00265679 studies. We're doing it. I want y'all to please notice that, look at the second 6GjlgbwYHic-00528-00265679-00266223 bullet point. Most people don't realize this, W.E.B. Du Bois wrote the first biography 6GjlgbwYHic-00529-00266223-00266688 of John Brown in 1909 the same year that he co-founded the NAACP. 6GjlgbwYHic-00530-00266688-00267252 John Brown the great European American abolitionist who was willing to really, 6GjlgbwYHic-00531-00267252-00267798 really I mean he brought fury, he brought fury toward, very, very close John Brown 6GjlgbwYHic-00532-00267798-00268221 was with Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass and so Du Bois wanted to write 6GjlgbwYHic-00533-00268221-00268877 the biography of Frederick Douglass but Booker T. Washington took that one, 6GjlgbwYHic-00534-00268877-00269177 he took John Brown. So it's very profound here to see this. 6GjlgbwYHic-00535-00269178-00269738 Also in 1910 one of my favorite works by Du Bois is called The Souls of White Folk. 6GjlgbwYHic-00536-00269738-00270035 Most people know The Souls of Black Folk but they don't know Du Bois's 6GjlgbwYHic-00537-00270035-00270527 piece The Souls of White Folk. This will change your life, I'm telling you, this 6GjlgbwYHic-00538-00270527-00270951 will change your life. This is also again why I say if you start and stop with 6GjlgbwYHic-00539-00270951-00271278 The Souls of Black Folk, you don't really know Du Bois. You know a piece of 6GjlgbwYHic-00540-00271278-00271599 Du Bois but you don't really know the full range of someone that lived and 6GjlgbwYHic-00541-00271599-00272160 worked 95 years, right. Please notice the last bullet point there, "Published over 6GjlgbwYHic-00542-00272160-00272721 100 articles in areas such as philosophy of race, sociology of race, critical race 6GjlgbwYHic-00543-00272721-00273141 theory, whiteness, critical white studies, and anti-black racism." So again this is 6GjlgbwYHic-00544-00273141-00273586 going to be a really, really key area that often gets overlooked. In fact Du Bois 6GjlgbwYHic-00545-00273586-00274071 being dialectical in his thought would say something like you can't 6GjlgbwYHic-00546-00274071-00274527 really understand black folk unless you understand white folk, right, and I also 6GjlgbwYHic-00547-00274527-00274863 believe that Du Bois would be very open to us moving beyond the so called 6GjlgbwYHic-00548-00274863-00275346 black/white binary and expect, and engaging everybody in between as well 6GjlgbwYHic-00549-00275346-00275844 and in fact his work does engage lots of folk in between. If you think I'm trippin 6GjlgbwYHic-00550-00275844-00276417 go and pick up a book called, Du Bois on Asia edited by Bill Mullen. There's a 6GjlgbwYHic-00551-00276417-00276946 whole book. Du Bois wrote so much on Asia there's a whole book out called, Du Bois on Asia, 6GjlgbwYHic-00552-00276946-00277304 right, really, really fascinating here. So Du Bois isn't just for so-called 6GjlgbwYHic-00553-00277305-00277725 black studies, Du Bois isn't just for African American studies, he again is a 6GjlgbwYHic-00554-00277725-00278262 world historical figure. I don't need to tell anybody at UMass that. We move on 6GjlgbwYHic-00555-00278262-00278777 from black and white studies to Du Bois's major contribution to women gender, 6GjlgbwYHic-00556-00278777-00279399 women and gender studies. These are some of his major works my favorite of this 6GjlgbwYHic-00557-00279399-00279906 bunch would be The Black Mother 1912, Suffering Suffragettes 1912, 6GjlgbwYHic-00558-00279906-00280854 Votes for Women 1912. Do y'all see a theme? Du Bois was one of the most vocal, male, suffragettes 6GjlgbwYHic-00559-00280854-00281348 if you will, in the United States of America. He was one of the most vocal men, 6GjlgbwYHic-00560-00281348-00281709 right, for women achieving the right to vote. 6GjlgbwYHic-00561-00281709-00282132 Most people negate that but he was completely out, I mean out, I mean this 6GjlgbwYHic-00562-00282132-00282519 was very unusual if you will. And in fact if you turn to the other great 6GjlgbwYHic-00563-00282519-00283331 sociological thinkers people like let's say Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, 6GjlgbwYHic-00564-00283331-00284267 you won't find many flattering words with respect to women but with Du Bois 6GjlgbwYHic-00565-00284300-00284825 you do have strong work with respect to women. I'm not saying he's perfect 6GjlgbwYHic-00566-00284825-00285152 because I don't know if a man can be perfect when it comes to gender politics 6GjlgbwYHic-00567-00285152-00285554 when you're socializing a sexist society, but we can try brothers. 6GjlgbwYHic-00568-00285714-00285892 [Laughing] 6GjlgbwYHic-00569-00285892-00286252 My favorite piece up here is going to be called "The Damnation of Women" 1920, 6GjlgbwYHic-00570-00286253-00286676 changed my life when I read it, that is in Darkwater so this is one of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00571-00286676-00287042 major chapters of Darkwater called "The Damnation of Women" and this is a 6GjlgbwYHic-00572-00287042-00287490 profound peice but also in 1924 his peice, The Freedom of Womanhood. 6GjlgbwYHic-00573-00287602-00288162 Du Bois published over 75 articles on women's rights, women's suffrage, and gender justice. 6GjlgbwYHic-00574-00288280-00288562 Du Bois believed that African American women had a special 6GjlgbwYHic-00575-00288563-00289214 role to play, had special contributions to make. He argued that black women have 6GjlgbwYHic-00576-00289214-00289640 and would continue to contribute to three great revolutions: the revolution 6GjlgbwYHic-00577-00289640-00290150 against racism, the revolution against sexism, and the revolution against capitalism. 6GjlgbwYHic-00578-00290150-00290441 Last time I checked that would be like early 20th century 6GjlgbwYHic-00579-00290441-00290723 intersectionality because there were still lots of taboos surrounding 6GjlgbwYHic-00580-00290723-00291107 discussing sexuality in the early half of the 20th century although we had some 6GjlgbwYHic-00581-00291107-00291524 brave folk who actually did bring that out in the open. I'm not gonna invoke 6GjlgbwYHic-00582-00291524-00291902 Langston Hughes or Claude McKay or Zora Neale Hurston right now. I could roll 6GjlgbwYHic-00583-00291902-00292211 call a lot of Harlem Renaissance figures who they were grappling with sexuality 6GjlgbwYHic-00584-00292211-00292568 right there. Right so their work was already intersectional. If people 6GjlgbwYHic-00585-00292568-00293008 actually look at it from a framework that's specific to the Harlem Renaissance 6GjlgbwYHic-00586-00293008-00293498 as opposed to always trying to superimpose some kind of lost 6GjlgbwYHic-00587-00293498-00293885 generation paradigm onto the Harlem Renaissance. Okay, so I think it's 6GjlgbwYHic-00588-00293885-00294227 important to grapple with both, right, and both are sort of grappling with 6GjlgbwYHic-00589-00294227-00294652 sexuality in some really unique ways for early 20th century America. 6GjlgbwYHic-00590-00294736-00295150 We're heading home y'all, because I want a dialogue with you all about Du Bois, UMass. 6GjlgbwYHic-00591-00295150-00295566 So lastly Du Bois and his work in political economy. 6GjlgbwYHic-00592-00295632-00296004 Cedric Robinson argues that Du Bois inaugurates something called Black Marxism. 6GjlgbwYHic-00593-00296100-00296560 We all know that Du Bois joined the Socialist Party in 1911 and he 6GjlgbwYHic-00594-00296560-00297012 summarily resigned from the Socialist Party in 1912 because and I quote, 6GjlgbwYHic-00595-00297050-00297641 "They discriminate against Negroes and Asiatics." Du Bois quit the 6GjlgbwYHic-00596-00297641-00298028 socialist party. Look at this level of intellectual independence. 6GjlgbwYHic-00597-00298182-00298660 So unprincipled he believes in certain aspects of socialism. Now most people in 6GjlgbwYHic-00598-00298661-00299204 Trump's America don't know what socialism is, but I would like to think since 6GjlgbwYHic-00599-00299204-00299536 Bernie Sanders came from somewhere up here in New England 6GjlgbwYHic-00600-00299536-00300155 some of y'all know what socialism is and by the very fact that Du Bois puts 6GjlgbwYHic-00601-00300155-00300677 Democratic in front of it you can see what Du Bois is doing. And I'm well aware 6GjlgbwYHic-00602-00300677-00301178 that many people seek to colonize socialism because isn't that precisely 6GjlgbwYHic-00603-00301178-00301586 what Adolf Hitler said he was doing in Nazi Germany, he too called it socialism. 6GjlgbwYHic-00604-00301748-00302132 I don't need to bring up Joseph Stalin who said that's what he was doing as well. 6GjlgbwYHic-00605-00302144-00302458 But I'll leave that alone. Du Bois don't want nothing to do with that. 6GjlgbwYHic-00606-00302520-00302822 Again it's not a perfect socialism because I don't know anybody that has a 6GjlgbwYHic-00607-00302822-00303581 perfect socialism. But as early as 1907 Du Bois is moving in this direction. 6GjlgbwYHic-00608-00303581-00303970 1907 y'all, that's only four years after he publishes The Souls of Black Folk. 6GjlgbwYHic-00609-00304014-00304420 Again for all those people that go around telling me how elitist Du Bois was 6GjlgbwYHic-00610-00304421-00304820 and he was so aristocratic you don't know Du Bois. How could the same person 6GjlgbwYHic-00611-00304820-00305195 write Black Reconstruction, they haven't read Du Bois, they haven't gone to the 6GjlgbwYHic-00612-00305195-00305756 Du Bois papers at UMass. [Laughing] I should be like y'all, I should do commercials 6GjlgbwYHic-00613-00305756-00306276 for y'all shouldn't I? Oh yes! Oh yes! Anyway the Socialist of the Path in 1907, 6GjlgbwYHic-00614-00306276-00307006 The Negro and Socialism 1907, The Economic Aspects of Race Prejudice 1910, 6GjlgbwYHic-00615-00307006-00307568 Socialism is Too Narrow for Negroes. So look at Du Bois as a critic of socialism. He didn't just 6GjlgbwYHic-00616-00307568-00307912 accept it as people hand it down, he developed his own independent 6GjlgbwYHic-00617-00307912-00308474 interpretation of socialism, and in fact I would argue with everybody in here 6GjlgbwYHic-00618-00308474-00308933 develop your own relationship with Du Bois. That's what this is about 6GjlgbwYHic-00619-00308933-00309350 obviously I have my own funky freaky relationship with Du Bois. You got to do 6GjlgbwYHic-00620-00309350-00309716 some work and develop your own working relationship with Du Bois and he has 6GjlgbwYHic-00621-00309716-00310055 something for everybody. I feel like I'm about to preach and say come on now, come 6GjlgbwYHic-00622-00310055-00310471 on, come on up if you want to get saved sinners. Woooo! 6GjlgbwYHic-00623-00310471-00310824 Hmm feels so good today, feels so good, feels so good. 6GjlgbwYHic-00624-00310824-00311446 Okay, all right, okay. I'm gonna move on. Black Marxism and Democratic Socialism. 6GjlgbwYHic-00625-00311446-00311845 So look at how once we get to the so-called Great Depression, because 6GjlgbwYHic-00626-00311845-00312255 if you're black in America you've always been depressed economically speaking, 6GjlgbwYHic-00627-00312255-00312628 you've never not been economically depressed you know what I'm talking 6GjlgbwYHic-00628-00312628-00313052 about, talking about a Great Depression. We've been great depressed since the Middle Passage. 6GjlgbwYHic-00629-00313198-00313470 Oh, I feel the spirit of Du Bois. [Laughing] 6GjlgbwYHic-00630-00313471-00313966 I really do sometime, oh I'm trying to be nice, I don't embarrass you Whitney but I 6GjlgbwYHic-00631-00313966-00314728 feel so good right now. Oh I do, I do, I do. Oh okay. [Audience member]>>Let it out. >>That's okay. 6GjlgbwYHic-00632-00314728-00315226 Thank you, thank you all right. So Du Bois has The Negro and Radical Thought, 6GjlgbwYHic-00633-00315226-00315772 The Negro and Communism, look at Karl Marx and the Negro, Marxism and the Negro Problem, 6GjlgbwYHic-00634-00315772-00316185 Black Reconstruction, Lifting from the Bottom. Oh Whitney, am I saying that Du Bois 6GjlgbwYHic-00635-00316185-00316781 was subaltern in 1937? If subaltern is about looking at things from the bottom, 6GjlgbwYHic-00636-00316781-00317551 Du Bois was... Black Reconstruction was subaltern, I better stop it. [Laughing] Okay, whoa. 6GjlgbwYHic-00637-00317551-00317871 One of my favorite works by Du Bois is his 1953 classic 6GjlgbwYHic-00638-00317871-00318250 Negroes and the Crisis of Capitalism in the U.S.. 6GjlgbwYHic-00639-00318250-00318729 You've got to read this. Look at that bottom, that bottom bullet point, numerous, 6GjlgbwYHic-00640-00318729-00319120 he published numerous articles on black radical politics, economics, and 6GjlgbwYHic-00641-00319120-00319380 democratic socialism. 6GjlgbwYHic-00642-00319380-00319717 And from your archive, from the Du Bois papers, from your 6GjlgbwYHic-00643-00319717-00320317 collection here is Du Bois with Nikita Khrushchev, the premier of Russia. I'm 6GjlgbwYHic-00644-00320317-00320677 just saying for all the people who think I'm trippin' and Du Bois is not a world 6GjlgbwYHic-00645-00320677-00321236 historical figure, the Russians know something we don't, 6GjlgbwYHic-00646-00321236-00321494 UMass. 6GjlgbwYHic-00647-00321494-00321970 Here is Du Bois and Shirley Graham Du Bois with Nikita Khrushchev in Russia. 6GjlgbwYHic-00648-00322146-00322591 Here is Du Bois and Mao Zedong. 6GjlgbwYHic-00649-00322591-00322921 This is from your collection, I'm just showcasing your collection. Well I've 6GjlgbwYHic-00650-00322921-00323266 been coming out here for 25 years. Woo. 6GjlgbwYHic-00651-00323412-00323590 Here is Du Bois the world historical 6GjlgbwYHic-00652-00323590-00324102 figure having a good laugh with Mao Zedong. Can you all see? 6GjlgbwYHic-00653-00324102-00324212 Can y'all hear me? 6GjlgbwYHic-00654-00324328-00324570 Can you all see the vitiligo? 6GjlgbwYHic-00655-00324664-00325157 Du Bois like Michael Jackson had vitiligo. Most people didn't understand why 6GjlgbwYHic-00656-00325157-00325354 Michael Jackson put on the gloves. 6GjlgbwYHic-00657-00325566-00325832 We don't talk about it openly but a lot of 6GjlgbwYHic-00658-00325832-00326386 African Americans believe that vitiligo is contagious so they won't shake your hand. 6GjlgbwYHic-00659-00326440-00326746 So when people keep saying how a leader Du Bois is because he shook 6GjlgbwYHic-00660-00326747-00327118 people's hands with gloves, he actually did it for them and not for him. 6GjlgbwYHic-00661-00327118-00327521 He knew it wasn't contagious right and so again you can see in a lot of these 6GjlgbwYHic-00662-00327521-00328072 photographs it started early on, right. When he wore gloves often 6GjlgbwYHic-00663-00328072-00328376 This is interesting right you didn't know I can make a Michael Jackson and Du Bois 6GjlgbwYHic-00664-00328376-00329140 connection this is dope baby, hip-hop we don't stop. Okay here's Du Bois and Mao again. 6GjlgbwYHic-00665-00329140-00329591 Look at his statue. Du Bois was a very small man like myself, you know that's 6GjlgbwYHic-00666-00329591-00329878 why I looked up, he was left-handed I'm left-handed. I thought okay. 6GjlgbwYHic-00667-00329878-00330497 He just had his mama, I just had my mama. Wow look at him, with Mao Zedong. 6GjlgbwYHic-00668-00330497-00330978 Here's Du Bois with the great, the great Kwame Nkrumah. 6GjlgbwYHic-00669-00330978-00331590 This is Du Bois and Shirley Graham Du Bois in Ghana. 6GjlgbwYHic-00670-00331904-00332054 This is Du Bois I believe on his 6GjlgbwYHic-00671-00332054-00332910 95th birthday with Shirley Graham Du Bois and Mr. and Mrs. Nkrumah. 6GjlgbwYHic-00672-00333228-00333730 And as we close out this is one of my favorite photos of Du Bois, I have so many of them 6GjlgbwYHic-00673-00333731-00334117 that I've gotten from the collection, thank you very much for digitizing it, 6GjlgbwYHic-00674-00334117-00334670 and this is one of my favorites because it shows Du Bois at his home and if you 6GjlgbwYHic-00675-00334670-00335540 look Fredrick Douglass is looking over his shoulder and he has his only son, his 6GjlgbwYHic-00676-00335540-00336164 photo there on the mantle, Burkhardt. It's a very powerful photo. 6GjlgbwYHic-00677-00336224-00336646 Du Bois idolized Douglass a lot of people like to talk about Du Bois as a Marxist or this or 6GjlgbwYHic-00678-00336647-00336955 that or the other again if you don't grapple with the 6GjlgbwYHic-00679-00336955-00337360 influence of let's say a Harriet Tubman and a Fredrick Douglass, the National 6GjlgbwYHic-00680-00337360-00337747 Association of Colored Women, or the American Negro Academy we won't really 6GjlgbwYHic-00681-00337747-00338182 understand the intellectual architecture of a figure like Du Bois and how he 6GjlgbwYHic-00682-00338182-00338635 built on that and took it world historical all around the world and so I 6GjlgbwYHic-00683-00338635-00339190 will close with Du Bois's last message to the world which he composed in 1957 6GjlgbwYHic-00684-00339190-00339775 where he says, "I have loved my work, I have loved people and my play, but always 6GjlgbwYHic-00685-00339775-00340291 I have been uplifted by the thought that what I have done well will live long and 6GjlgbwYHic-00686-00340291-00340807 justify my life; that what I have done ill or never finished can now be handed 6GjlgbwYHic-00687-00340807-00341332 on to others for endless days to be finished, perhaps better than I could 6GjlgbwYHic-00688-00341332-00341852 have done.." I hope that we continue what he started. Thank you. 6GjlgbwYHic-00689-00341880-00344122 [Applause] 6GjlgbwYHic-00690-00344362-00345348 >>Thank you. I know, I don't, let's open it up for questions and answers, question time. 6GjlgbwYHic-00691-00345348-00345920 If you would just raise your hand and speak loudly that would be 6GjlgbwYHic-00692-00345920-00346451 great, so do we have any questions for Dr. Rabaka? One more round of 6GjlgbwYHic-00693-00346451-00346600 applause, that, we don't have to stand but thank you. 6GjlgbwYHic-00694-00346612-00347618 [Applause] 6GjlgbwYHic-00695-00347618-00348121 I said he would bring the fire now all of y'all are used to the fire. It's okay, 6GjlgbwYHic-00696-00348121-00348673 this is the age of Wakanda so get used to it. We are, we are here to stay and we 6GjlgbwYHic-00697-00348673-00349420 are here in all of our Wakandaness and our blackness and our, and that doesn't 6GjlgbwYHic-00698-00349420-00349925 mean its exclusion of anybody else. Join in. I'm telling you it is a good place to be. 6GjlgbwYHic-00699-00350028-00350283 Okay. Go see Black Panther clearly that's 6GjlgbwYHic-00700-00350283-00350823 the message for today and read several of the favorite works of Dr. Rabaka as 6GjlgbwYHic-00701-00350824-00351048 he said because each one of them will change your life. 6GjlgbwYHic-00702-00351048-00351248 Yes, Keisha. 6GjlgbwYHic-00703-00351448-00351978 >>I just want to say thank you for being here and [inaudible] 6GjlgbwYHic-00704-00351978-00352406 and my students actually use 6GjlgbwYHic-00705-00352406-00352618 [Laughing] >>That's very kind. 6GjlgbwYHic-00706-00352736-00353544 Of all the books that I assign, this is the one that they [inaudible] and the one they keep returning to, the one they keep asking about. 6GjlgbwYHic-00707-00353544-00353744 So thank you for that. 6GjlgbwYHic-00708-00353868-00354028 Hip Hop's Inheritance. 6GjlgbwYHic-00709-00354188-00354470 Anyway, I wanted to ask you a few very specific questions. 6GjlgbwYHic-00710-00354622-00354974 As I read much of his work, I'm a product of this environment, 6GjlgbwYHic-00711-00354980-00355436 and I studied through the Du Bois program over at the New Africa House 6GjlgbwYHic-00712-00355468-00356140 and I wanted to know how [inaudible] his going to Fisk instead of Harvard 6GjlgbwYHic-00713-00356246-00356946 for undergraduate was his own transformation, intellectually, spiritually, culturally, coming from Great Barrington? 6GjlgbwYHic-00714-00357024-00357400 >>This is, this is an incredible question to be perfectly honest with you, and I 6GjlgbwYHic-00715-00357401-00358001 thank you for it. In some of his work he talks 6GjlgbwYHic-00716-00358001-00358451 specifically about being incredibly disappointed that he could not initially 6GjlgbwYHic-00717-00358451-00359015 go to Harvard and, and so the townsfolk, as you know the story, sent him to Fisk 6GjlgbwYHic-00718-00359015-00359417 because it was a good "negro school." It's a very good school by the way. 6GjlgbwYHic-00719-00359417-00359806 I mean Fisk produced David Levering Lewis who I think we'll be with on Friday. 6GjlgbwYHic-00720-00359806-00360679 I mean Fisk. Du Bois, tongue-in-cheek, said that when he got to Fisk the first time 6GjlgbwYHic-00721-00360679-00361076 he went to the cafeteria he said that he thought he had died and gone to heaven 6GjlgbwYHic-00722-00361076-00361748 because Lena Horne's grandmother was it? Yeah, was on one side of him and I 6GjlgbwYHic-00723-00361748-00362117 forget was it Margaret Murray, Margaret Murray at that time was on the other side 6GjlgbwYHic-00724-00362117-00362441 of him and so he had, you know, not been around a lot of, you know, beautiful 6GjlgbwYHic-00725-00362441-00362854 sisters, so that was one thing. I think the grounding in southern culture, 6GjlgbwYHic-00726-00362854-00363401 I think coming from New England and what that must have done to him, you know, he 6GjlgbwYHic-00727-00363401-00364053 talks a lot about the frenzy experiencing African American religion, 6GjlgbwYHic-00728-00364053-00364670 the rootedness, and the connecting to the agriculture as well, folktales among 6GjlgbwYHic-00729-00364670-00365045 other things, just different, you know, the ways if you will, of black folk in the 6GjlgbwYHic-00730-00365045-00365441 south. You can tell I'm from the south. And so yeah, that groundedness I just 6GjlgbwYHic-00731-00365441-00365864 think gave him a just a different worldview, right, so he synthesizes that 6GjlgbwYHic-00732-00365864-00366259 with some of the elements of the New England worldview and you have a very 6GjlgbwYHic-00733-00366259-00366604 unique figure, right. So a lot of African Americans at this time as you 6GjlgbwYHic-00734-00366604-00367295 know are going from the south to the northeast. Du Bois being Du Bois, doing 6GjlgbwYHic-00735-00367295-00367831 it like only Du Bois can do it, goes from the northeast to the south. Check this 6GjlgbwYHic-00736-00367831-00368174 out, Du Bois is also that figure who, let's be 6GjlgbwYHic-00737-00368174-00368639 honest, some people would consider quite conservative when he's young and he 6GjlgbwYHic-00738-00368639-00369160 becomes increasingly more radical as he gets older so he flips that old adage on 6GjlgbwYHic-00739-00369160-00369454 it's head where you're sort of young and radical and then you're old and 6GjlgbwYHic-00740-00369454-00369868 conservative, Du Bois he did everything sort of his way. 6GjlgbwYHic-00741-00369868-00370174 Its really, really unique so I think that that grounding if you will, in southern 6GjlgbwYHic-00742-00370174-00370483 history and southern culture, also in southern struggle because there were 6GjlgbwYHic-00743-00370483-00370927 different ways that black folk in the south were resisting segregation than, 6GjlgbwYHic-00744-00370927-00371338 you know, than presented itself in New England. Du Bois soaked all of that up. 6GjlgbwYHic-00745-00371338-00371692 I hope I answered your question. 6GjlgbwYHic-00746-00371830-00372196 >>I'm just starting to learn about Du Bois, so bear with me. 6GjlgbwYHic-00747-00372206-00372526 I have a question about the friendship with Mao. 6GjlgbwYHic-00748-00372526-00372798 I didn't know he ever knew Mao until you showed it to us, 6GjlgbwYHic-00749-00372896-00373808 and I have read his fairly flattered obituary Stalin and my question is this: I understand the 6GjlgbwYHic-00750-00373808-00374572 appeal of Marxism to him completely, did he know and Americans generally know about the labor camps, 6GjlgbwYHic-00751-00374582-00375390 the famines, the executions, or did he not know or did he want to just honor the shared spirit in some respects 6GjlgbwYHic-00752-00375390-00375999 and not, you know, gravitate toward the bad part? 6GjlgbwYHic-00753-00375999-00376610 What was his level of information and his response to that? 6GjlgbwYHic-00754-00376610-00376802 >>Okay, thank you.This is a great question. This is one 6GjlgbwYHic-00755-00376802-00377327 that comes up a lot with respect to Du Bois. I would say to you that obviously 6GjlgbwYHic-00756-00377327-00377763 this is pre iPhones, internet, and all that kind of stuff and you and I both 6GjlgbwYHic-00757-00377763-00378216 know the media, back then, there's a lot of filtering that's going on especially 6GjlgbwYHic-00758-00378216-00378707 during McCarthyism which actually affects Du Bois directly. Okay. They 6GjlgbwYHic-00759-00378707-00379071 actually throw him in jail as you might know, handcuffed and put him in jail. 82 6GjlgbwYHic-00760-00379071-00379839 years of age, really sad. And so I think that Du Bois was preoccupied with the 6GjlgbwYHic-00761-00379839-00380448 idea of a democratic socialist society and a lot of times, from my understanding, 6GjlgbwYHic-00762-00380448-00380871 from what the scholars have written, a lot of times when he traveled to certain 6GjlgbwYHic-00763-00380871-00381315 countries he was chaperoned around a great deal. So he's not gonna be privy 6GjlgbwYHic-00764-00381315-00381776 and he's not gonna know, you know, Du Bois had a love affair with Germany. I mean he 6GjlgbwYHic-00765-00381776-00382028 has a, you know, degree from the University of Berlin, 6GjlgbwYHic-00766-00382028-00382532 but to act like he somehow knew stuff that you know he obviously did not 6GjlgbwYHic-00767-00382532-00382961 know. I mean... And some of the countries he's traveling in he would be one of the 6GjlgbwYHic-00768-00382961-00383384 few African Americans, so everybody knows exactly who's going where, when, and all 6GjlgbwYHic-00769-00383384-00383820 of that that kind of stuff. So Du Bois is preoccupied with a lot of the ideas 6GjlgbwYHic-00770-00383820-00384195 there and the actual putting them into practice which is gonna be 6GjlgbwYHic-00771-00384195-00384536 something that's always going to be tricky, right. I'm thinking about also the 6GjlgbwYHic-00772-00384536-00385057 work of Robin D.G. Kelly, he has a book called Freedom Dreams. Freedom Dreams by 6GjlgbwYHic-00773-00385057-00385985 Robin D.G. Kelly and in that book Robin D.G. Kelly says that we shouldn't be so 6GjlgbwYHic-00774-00385985-00386381 preoccupied with whether movements achieve each and every one of their 6GjlgbwYHic-00775-00386381-00387011 goals. Really what's important about movements is does it inspire the next 6GjlgbwYHic-00776-00387011-00387401 generation to continue the struggle? And I think that Du Bois is one of those 6GjlgbwYHic-00777-00387401-00387755 figures who when he looks at certain things that were going on around the 6GjlgbwYHic-00778-00387755-00388106 world he's grasping for certain things and synthesizing them with certain 6GjlgbwYHic-00779-00388106-00388545 things and talking about different examples of different things. Okay? Great 6GjlgbwYHic-00780-00388545-00388702 question though, thank you for the question. 6GjlgbwYHic-00781-00389268-00389610 >>Okay, we're going to take a couple more questions cause we have this amazing 6GjlgbwYHic-00782-00389624-00390390 reception downstairs with real food and I know you can smell it. Yes? Okay. 6GjlgbwYHic-00783-00390390-00390902 So please a couple more questions and don't go to the food yet. 6GjlgbwYHic-00784-00390902-00391494 >>Hi, thank you so much for being here today. That was a fantastic overview. One thing that I had hope to hear you talk about 6GjlgbwYHic-00785-00391494-00392002 was, specifically was Du Bois's relationship with organized labor 6GjlgbwYHic-00786-00392002-00392516 and the way that that evolved over time, not just in the U.S. but also internationally. 6GjlgbwYHic-00787-00392516-00393032 >>Great question. Again Du Bois did have a very, 6GjlgbwYHic-00788-00393032-00393410 very interesting relationship with organized labor. Obviously he with his 6GjlgbwYHic-00789-00393410-00393774 work in political economy this is going to be something that's very, very 6GjlgbwYHic-00790-00393774-00394082 important and you can see during the Harlem Renaissance period there are a 6GjlgbwYHic-00791-00394082-00394530 lot of figures certainly, A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owens, right. 6GjlgbwYHic-00792-00394530-00394912 So they're going to be doing a lot of really incredible work and Du Bois 6GjlgbwYHic-00793-00394912-00395478 evolves his relationship by talking more and more about workers banding together. 6GjlgbwYHic-00794-00395558-00395946 He also put a special emphasis though on white workers dropping the color 6GjlgbwYHic-00795-00395946-00396182 line because there were more of them and they have, they were in more of a 6GjlgbwYHic-00796-00396182-00396600 privileged position, so he thought that that they were in a privileged position 6GjlgbwYHic-00797-00396600-00396969 to break down some of these barriers and that that was really important. He also 6GjlgbwYHic-00798-00396969-00397629 talked about black, black workers being very skilled, prompt, professional, all 6GjlgbwYHic-00799-00397629-00398148 those kinds of things but also expanding and creating more opportunities, right. 6GjlgbwYHic-00800-00398148-00398469 So he saw the labor struggle as a major struggle. This is also why Du Bois is 6GjlgbwYHic-00801-00398469-00398904 going to turn in the direction of, what someone like Paul Boule is gonna call 6GjlgbwYHic-00802-00398904-00399372 American Marxism, right. This is where you also can put Du Bois into dialogue with 6GjlgbwYHic-00803-00399372-00399836 a figure like C.L.R. James who's also going to be writing in this country with 6GjlgbwYHic-00804-00399836-00400298 his colleague and good friend Grace Lee Boggs and my own personal favorite 6GjlgbwYHic-00805-00400298-00400733 Raya Dunayevskaya. So a lot of that activity is happening around the midwest 6GjlgbwYHic-00806-00400733-00401156 particularly in Detroit, but you have lots of different folks sort of banding 6GjlgbwYHic-00807-00401156-00401510 together, getting involved in labor struggles and I'm not, I'm not sure if 6GjlgbwYHic-00808-00401510-00402141 you're aware of Du Bois's run for the Senate. So when he ran, he ran as an 6GjlgbwYHic-00809-00402141-00402492 independent but he had lots of support from different labor unions, right, 6GjlgbwYHic-00810-00402492-00402854 because they believed that Du Bois was really on the side of workers if you 6GjlgbwYHic-00811-00402854-00403148 will. And so this is really interesting to sort of think about the 6GjlgbwYHic-00812-00403148-00403610 Harlem Renaissance is being grounded in folk culture, and I'm saying that with all due 6GjlgbwYHic-00813-00403610-00404088 respect, in fact I understand hip hop to be a folk culture, right. I think now we 6GjlgbwYHic-00814-00404088-00404501 use terms like popular culture but it's, you know in the Academy it's a folk 6GjlgbwYHic-00815-00404501-00405104 culture and in that sense workers culture it's always gonna sort of be folk 6GjlgbwYHic-00816-00405104-00405468 culture and workers cultures always gonna be bound up in popular culture 6GjlgbwYHic-00817-00405468-00405825 which is why you and I both probably know that lots of elements of hip hop 6GjlgbwYHic-00818-00405825-00406167 are very much sort of workers culture. These are sort of working-class folk. 6GjlgbwYHic-00819-00406167-00406505 this is their world view, their value system, and so on and so forth which is 6GjlgbwYHic-00820-00406505-00406848 why it gets really tricky with a lot of the bourgeoisie elements that sometimes come 6GjlgbwYHic-00821-00406848-00407289 out a lot of rap music. I know, I digress, but yeah, but definitely Du Bois 6GjlgbwYHic-00822-00407289-00407651 has really strong connects if you will, with working-class struggles and 6GjlgbwYHic-00823-00407651-00408093 different labor unions. He did have problems though with a lot of the racism 6GjlgbwYHic-00824-00408093-00408574 sometimes of different organized labor unions though. 6GjlgbwYHic-00825-00408760-00409498 >>One last question, and then we can... two quick questions and then that's it? Okay. 6GjlgbwYHic-00826-00409650-00410000 >>Thank you so much for coming today. My question is, 6GjlgbwYHic-00827-00410020-00410572 you talked a lot about how Du Bois wrote about Black Marxism and got into socialism, 6GjlgbwYHic-00828-00410578-00411197 and I was wondering if you knew anything about his relationship to politics and reparations specifically for African Americans 6GjlgbwYHic-00829-00411197-00411504 and within [inaudible] and politics. [Claps] 6GjlgbwYHic-00830-00411593-00412196 >>Thank you, this is really good. In my book, Du Bois's Dialectics, I actually developed a piece 6GjlgbwYHic-00831-00412196-00412635 called Critical Theory of Reparations and so it's based on Du Bois's 6GjlgbwYHic-00832-00412635-00413027 proposal to the United Nations for reparations for African Americans and 6GjlgbwYHic-00833-00413027-00413535 actually placed Du Bois into dialogue with not only Malcolm X who did 6GjlgbwYHic-00834-00413535-00413933 something similar but the Republic of New Africa and so it's really important 6GjlgbwYHic-00835-00413933-00414381 to understand, I think over a long period of time a lot of what we call Du Bois's 6GjlgbwYHic-00836-00414381-00414906 Pan-Africanism, a lot of times and his black radicalism if you will was very 6GjlgbwYHic-00837-00414906-00415452 grounded in a push for reparations right. Now for Du Bois he's not necessarily 6GjlgbwYHic-00838-00415452-00415896 interested in, always in money it wasn't like a monetary thing, in fact that might 6GjlgbwYHic-00839-00415896-00416313 be the last thing Du Bois would argue for as I say in this chapter, Du Bois is 6GjlgbwYHic-00840-00416313-00417000 interested in housing, health care, education, right, food, like basic stuff 6GjlgbwYHic-00841-00417000-00417500 that African Americans did not receive from the United States government for 6GjlgbwYHic-00842-00417500-00418029 350 years. Du Bois began to talk about well how is it that we're supposed to 6GjlgbwYHic-00843-00418029-00418406 experience the Emancipation Proclamation and those of us from Texas June 19th 6GjlgbwYHic-00844-00418406-00419242 Juneteenth, right, so it's January,uh, June 19th, 1865 and there's no, there's little or no 6GjlgbwYHic-00845-00419242-00419789 nothing, right, nothing very little done to actually help people get up. And so 6GjlgbwYHic-00846-00419789-00420354 Du Bois really pushed for measures if you will, to really try to sort of write some 6GjlgbwYHic-00847-00420354-00420735 of these wrongs and at least give us a level playing field and so a lot of that 6GjlgbwYHic-00848-00420735-00421258 work I do in my critical reparations theory chapter though. But that's a great question. 6GjlgbwYHic-00849-00421493-00421988 >>Can you talk about [Inaudible] 6GjlgbwYHic-00850-00422174-00422842 >>Okay, so he asked if I could talk about Du Bois and Dr. Herbert Aptheker. 6GjlgbwYHic-00851-00422842-00423289 Dr. Aptheker was as you know Du Bois's literary executor so when he left the 6GjlgbwYHic-00852-00423289-00423960 United States of America in 1961 to go to Ghana he left Professor Aptheker in charge with 6GjlgbwYHic-00853-00423960-00424585 his papers which are now here at UMass. But Professor Aptheker is a very unique 6GjlgbwYHic-00854-00424585-00425139 figure if you will, amongst historians and certainly 6GjlgbwYHic-00855-00425139-00425835 African American historians he has training at Columbia as you know but his gravitation 6GjlgbwYHic-00856-00425835-00426292 towards African American historiography now as a field and particularly elements 6GjlgbwYHic-00857-00426292-00426847 of radicalism so if you, his, his wonderful work Negro Slave Revolts where 6GjlgbwYHic-00858-00426847-00427276 he documents 350 if you will, revolts of enslaved Africans. 6GjlgbwYHic-00859-00427276-00427674 It's gonna be very important. He goes on and just has several series of work 6GjlgbwYHic-00860-00427674-00428137 that were really sort of incredible, bringing little-known episodes in 6GjlgbwYHic-00861-00428137-00428566 African American history and culture to light. He's gonna be unique as well 6GjlgbwYHic-00862-00428566-00429114 because of the influence of Marxist and leftist politics and radical, if you will, 6GjlgbwYHic-00863-00429114-00429893 historiography and he, Aptheker, believes that this marginalization of 6GjlgbwYHic-00864-00429893-00430384 African Americans if not and other progressive groups in America meant that to really 6GjlgbwYHic-00865-00430384-00431022 do American history one has to almost do it from, what we call now, from a 6GjlgbwYHic-00866-00431022-00431535 subaltern perspective you really have to look from below and not from above. 6GjlgbwYHic-00867-00431535-00431914 So like Du Bois he believed that there were so many people that were writing from 6GjlgbwYHic-00868-00431914-00432313 above that we really did need people that could write from below, the sides, 6GjlgbwYHic-00869-00432313-00432622 right, different angles and different things like that so it's very, very 6GjlgbwYHic-00870-00432622-00433182 important but it's also Aptheker is a very unique figure in that he's very 6GjlgbwYHic-00871-00433182-00433849 open, vocal, adamant about the influence of African American historiography on 6GjlgbwYHic-00872-00433849-00434557 his craft, on his body of work, on what he was able to do. And yeah, just a really 6GjlgbwYHic-00873-00434557-00435049 special relationship that went on over a long period of time. 6GjlgbwYHic-00874-00435049-00435588 I ended up with the collection of the published writings of Du Bois by Herbert Aptheker, 6GjlgbwYHic-00875-00435588-00435939 I have them in my house and everything that he's put out obviously 6GjlgbwYHic-00876-00435939-00436497 on Du Bois, even the literary legacy of Du Bois, his 1989 book which is very, very good. 6GjlgbwYHic-00877-00436497-00437079 So he's a very, very powerful thinking thinker and I think that again he is considered 6GjlgbwYHic-00878-00437079-00437563 arguably you know, this is, he's one of the definitive Du Bois scholars, like the 6GjlgbwYHic-00879-00437563-00437784 greatest. One, one of the greatest if you will. 6GjlgbwYHic-00880-00438035-00438339 >>Thank you so much! I hope to see you downstairs. 6GjlgbwYHic-00881-00438339-00438939 [Applause] 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00000-00000365-00001039 Will there be doctoral here in chapter 7 on energy metabolism. So this is complicated 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00001-00001039-00001576 read. I bet I that students that I've taught this concept to three, four, five different 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00002-00001576-00002020 classes and in some ways it's just one of the most difficult things to grasp at the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00003-00002020-00002649 risk in this video I will try to keep it more of a high level overview, 10,000 foot view. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00004-00002649-00003249 I arty have a playlist of of videos that cover metabolism. The cover it in depth and in every 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00005-00003249-00003879 step of every metabolic pathway, including the breakdown of fat fuels, but them so here 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00006-00003879-00004212 was can look at that. The big picture and I think that's gonna be plenty right because 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00007-00004212-00004749 I don't II do not think that this is relevant see the metabolism I did, I don't think that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00008-00004749-00005273 how our food is turned in to fuel is as clinically relevant as the other things we talked about 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00009-00005273-00005764 right like the quality of the food that you eat or even in your next chapter on maintaining 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00010-00005764-00006291 energy balance of how many calories your body produces versus how many needs those cuttings 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00011-00006291-00006686 are way more important. So I'm gonna come be skimming through a few of these areas, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00012-00006686-00007161 but only because I do think that there they're not as significant and not as important if 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00013-00007161-00007702 you want the real of detailed breakdowns and go to the the channel YouTube channel and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00014-00007702-00008252 find the metabolism playlist it's it's super super adept covers everything from the of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00015-00008252-00008730 the Fed versus the facet state them metabolic pathways with heat production and how her 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00016-00008730-00009318 body deals with that all of sins are covered there. Okay Osgood and I did so in the icebreaker. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00017-00009318-00009812 This will come over the place. But what happens when you don't eat or eat too much will will 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00018-00009812-00010214 will talk about that and will talk about the Fed versus the facet state will talk about 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00019-00010214-00010795 fasting and starvation which which are not exactly the same thing will will look at how 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00020-00010795-00011156 the but basically your body is always eating right. So whether you wait an hour ago, or 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00021-00011156-00011611 having eaten in 24 hours doesn't matter. At the site level because your cells are constantly 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00022-00011611-00012098 eating right the consulate breaking down fuel because the counseling energy, such as the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00023-00012098-00012554 question is, is the energy are using right now coming from your G.I. tract because you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00024-00012554-00013044 just had breakfast or is it coming from body fat stores or coming from muscle or liver 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00025-00013044-00013482 glycogen, so will talk about all that different foods help you do different activities. Yeah, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00026-00013482-00013881 I mean obviously that's why I always say, especially when it comes to your your energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00027-00013881-00014319 sources which are primarily carbs and fat Rakas protein is not primarily energy source 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00028-00014319-00014735 proteins a building block so everyone should meet their protein needs and and what the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00029-00014735-00015150 you know that the mixture of fuel that you use the mixture of carbs and fat. You should 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00030-00015150-00015647 really be determined by what works best for you but also your activity level right if 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00031-00015647-00016169 your endurance athlete than your fuel mix should be higher carb, lower fat if you are 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00032-00016169-00016579 if you do a lot of walking in your sedentary that maybe you'd be fine with a higher fat, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00033-00016579-00017087 lower carb diet. So I do think that the type of activity that you are of him completing 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00034-00017087-00017659 in a day should determine your food intake. I know that I change the fuel mix that I eat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00035-00017659-00018109 on days that I train I eat I eat more carbs and less fat on days I don't train a more 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00036-00018109-00018671 fabulous carbs while at sea. What else about that as my eye I talked with us in the carbohydrate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00037-00018671-00019063 lecture, but them I would like to say that you if you run marathons, you should eat a 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00038-00019063-00019501 lot of carbohydrates if you eat a lot of carbohydrates, you should run marathons right that's that's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00039-00019501-00019841 kind to me that's the first thing I think of when it comes to letting your activities, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00040-00019841-00020380 determine the food you eat what foods help you most when you're studying. I don't know 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00041-00020380-00020834 I generally I didn't. I actually when I want to be really mentally focused. I don't eat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00042-00020834-00021356 so III just find that it's easier if I'm beef up if I was busy studying it become one less 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00043-00021356-00021890 thing to worry about and but if you're hungry, but obviously that can be distracting so I 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00044-00021890-00022454 don't think I really had any specific go to snacks when I was a student, but to meet you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00045-00022454-00022839 do when you got with friends, what you eat when you relax for the evening what you eat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00046-00022839-00023215 with up that the point is we different things based on what were doing and how we feel and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00047-00023215-00023662 all those kind of things I would like to talk about how I was doing when were hungry, angry, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00048-00023662-00024203 lonely or tired. They call it Holt. That's generally when you you might be hungrier but 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00049-00024203-00024568 also when you might make poor food choices that I was just reading an article this morning 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00050-00024568-00025016 about how poor sleep right if you if you if you and sleep well last night that your body 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00051-00025016-00025399 is gonna produce more grayling, which is the hunger hormone that makes you hungry comes 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00052-00025399-00025772 in your stomach and it's gonna produce less leptin, which is the hormone that tells your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00053-00025772-00026233 brain that your body arty has plenty of stored energy and so that situation, you're generally 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00054-00026233-00026722 going to eat more and then were sleep deprived. We also generally make poor food choices right 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00055-00026722-00027097 when you when you're when you're stressed, you don't really generally crave broccoli 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00056-00027097-00027627 you crave sugar things like that. All right. Let's go and dive in the learning objectives 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00057-00027627-00028060 identify the nutrients involved in energy metabolism and the high energy compound that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00058-00028060-00028558 captures the energy released during the breakdowns us talking about the the macronutrients that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00059-00028558-00029095 we can turn into fuel your carbs, fats and proteins and even alcohol and then the the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00060-00029095-00029560 high energy compound that captures that energy is ATP adenosine triphosphate's will cover 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00061-00029560-00030085 all that. Summarize the main steps in the energy metabolism of glucose, glycerol, fatty 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00062-00030085-00030502 acids and amino acids will cover the big picture for sure. But if you want them more detailed 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00063-00030502-00031120 than go to go find metabolism playlist. Explain how an excess of any of the three energy yielding 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00064-00031120-00031564 nutrients contributes to body fat and how an inadequate intake of any of them shifts 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00065-00031564-00032055 metabolism. So again, as we'll see your your body can turn excess calories into fat does 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00066-00032055-00032512 not matter where they came from, carbs and fat, protein, or alcohol your body can turn 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00067-00032512-00032966 them into excess fat and then how inadequate intake of any of them shifts your metabolism 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00068-00032966-00033370 so will will talk about like if you're on a low-carb diet or a ketogenic diet you're 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00069-00033370-00033812 purposely shifting your metabolism to one that can't rely on glucose as much so it has 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00070-00033812-00034434 to create this alternate fuel source called ketones okay the chemical reactions in the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00071-00034434-00034849 body's a lot of lot of terminology. That's the giving of the first thing you with metabolism 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00072-00034849-00035444 is is what is metabolism and then can then covering a lot of terminology so we can start 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00073-00035444-00035880 at the bottom with what is metabolism says here's how the body uses foods to meet its 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00074-00035880-00036342 needs of them to know how I like to define metabolism. I did make it up at the sum of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00075-00036342-00036715 all the chemical and physical processes that are occurring your body. Rates of everything 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00076-00036715-00037297 happening in your body as part of your metabolism so also how I like to define metabolism is 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00077-00037297-00037834 some terms will see him from the next slide metabolism is metabolism plus cannibalism 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00078-00037834-00038324 swats welcome back to that. But when you with the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00079-00038324-00038901 equal your metabolism will before we get there energy. Energy is it in different forms right 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00080-00038901-00039479 mean keep mechanical, electrical and chemical energy in your body in your body uses all 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00081-00039479-00039996 of these right. We are metabolism generates a ton of heat to see mechanical energy as 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00082-00039996-00040512 it is moving things around and and and then we are electrochemical system so tons of electrical 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00083-00040512-00040907 and chemical energy occurring in human body. Photosynthesis, on the other hand is the plan's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00084-00040907-00041474 use of the process in which green plants use the sun's energy to make carbohydrates. Basically 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00085-00041474-00042268 all food is at include including you. All food all cells are packets of stored some 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00086-00042268-00042748 that energy right all the energy stored in your body right now and all the energy are 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00087-00042748-00043380 in use today came from the sun because the sun through photosynthesis generated the energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00088-00043380-00043912 needed for those plants to make themselves and to make their fuels and then we eat those 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00089-00043912-00044363 plants or we eat the animals that eat the plants or wheat the animals that eat the animals 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00090-00044363-00044921 they close plants to the point is all energy came from the sun so you are stored packets 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00091-00044921-00045438 of some energy that's the best way that I can describe you and where we fit in in these 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00092-00045438-00045994 food chains and where we fit in these metabolic pathways fuel, so disliked the fuel in your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00093-00045994-00046540 car compounds the cells use for energy, so your car uses hydrocarbons so the next time 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00094-00046540-00046972 you go you look at your fuel. You look your gas gives those hydrocarbon ratings so you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00095-00046972-00047557 put fuel in your car and your your car will use that to generate the energy it needs to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00096-00047557-00048122 do it to do its jobs less exactly your body does easier glucose fatty acids and amino 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00097-00048122-00048583 acids all of those are hydrocarbons mean that they have carbon and hydrogen so you and your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00098-00048583-00049227 and your vehicle are shockingly similar. You put fuel in your gas tank in your car you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00099-00049227-00049725 need fuel and we need air and we use those two things that the power the movement of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00100-00049725-00050202 the car and then we produce waste products like the incomes of the tip of the car will 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00101-00050202-00050678 same thing for you right, you need hydrocarbon so you consume, carbs and fats and the other 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00102-00050678-00051156 fuel sources. You need oxygen to power your metabolism and you generate waste products, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00103-00051156-00051553 carbon dioxide and water. So is a lot a lot of similarities there so the fuels will talk 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00104-00051553-00052083 about quotable burning today and then metabolism how the body uses foods to meet his needs. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00105-00052083-00052617 And talk about that and I'll give you a more sophisticated definition Wilson one last thing 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00106-00052617-00053041 about the fuel right you pick Wheatley just a little cut tidbit here is if your Burma 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00107-00053041-00053514 talk about burning fuel and burning fat will if you burn a pound of fat where does it go 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00108-00053514-00053942 right if you know I've lost. I've lost quite a bit away and where it all the Fecko well 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00109-00053942-00054369 if you're it. Basically if you're burning a pound of fat than the than your to your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00110-00054369-00054888 attorney and waste products, so your so when you burn a pound of fat, you know, 84, 85% 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00111-00054888-00055445 of it is going to become carbon dioxide in the and 1560% is going to come water because 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00112-00055445-00055908 those are the quote unquote waste products are metabolism so if you lost a pound of fat. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00113-00055908-00056408 You basically are exhaling is carbon dioxide and your turning in the water which will become 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00114-00056408-00057100 urine, so your reading it out. Basically that's what happens when you burn a pound of fat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00115-00057100-00057616 eyeless. I reflection reflection questions so uses energy to build compound that's called 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00116-00057616-00058079 animalism are the most metabolically active of your body cells your liver slips. Let's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00117-00058079-00058736 don't let that you go to the soap so animalism is any time you you use energy to build something 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00118-00058736-00059179 and indeed on the bottom when you break compounds down and release energy. That's called catabolism 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00119-00059179-00059677 I mentioned earlier that your metabolism is the sum of all the anabolic reactions that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00120-00059677-00060239 occur in your body and all the catabolic reactions source good examples. Digestion digestion 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00121-00060239-00060726 is catabolic your breaking and digesting your breaking the food down that you that you ate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00122-00060726-00061129 and releasing energy in building blocks as you do so. So digestion is catabolic then 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00123-00061129-00061633 you absorb and you take those building blocks you take the energy that you you created and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00124-00061633-00062195 use it to build you so if you eat a pound of of the of chicken breast and you catabolic 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00125-00062195-00062623 the digestive break it down. You now have all those amino acids and all that energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00126-00062623-00063045 you take those amino acids take that energy and you build a pound of you. It would be 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00127-00063045-00063457 a pound because of the whatever but not not even close. But still, you get the point. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00128-00063457-00063963 So all the catabolic breakdown reactions in your body, plus all the anabolic I anabolic 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00129-00063963-00064525 build up reactions of your body. You put those together in the sum is your metabolism fights 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00130-00064525-00064954 back to be are the most metabolic the Activa body cells says your liver and that's that's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00131-00064954-00065456 true, gram for gram of your liver and your brain are of the most of metabolically expensive 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00132-00065456-00065819 tissues that you have went went when you think about your metabolism you off. We'll talk 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00133-00065819-00066361 about muscle and how metabolically active muscle is well muscle cells are not near as 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00134-00066361-00066885 metabolic reactive as liver and brain cells are but you have so many so much consuming 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00135-00066885-00067424 more than my MER is that is far leases by weight so yes, if you want to increase your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00136-00067424-00067862 Mottet metabolic rate you need more muscle any more lean tissue you can't grow another 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00137-00067862-00068261 liver you can go to the brain. If you could the NASA you should to because your metabolic 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00138-00068261-00068802 rate would skyrocket, but you can grow muscle you can build muscle. Bellevue at a pound 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00139-00068802-00069302 of muscle. It might it might only be worth know if you calories a day right we used to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00140-00069302-00069724 think when I was in college. People talked about a pound of muscle will bring 50 cal 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00141-00069724-00070050 a day or something. We now that know the numbers probably somewhere in the neighborhood of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00142-00070050-00070553 like 6 to 10 cal a day but still that adds up over him. You know over three and 65 day 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00143-00070553-00071208 year over a 10 year decade a few pounds of muscle really add up. But to me the main reason 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00144-00071208-00071730 that that adding muscle is the best way to improve your metabolic rate is because it 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00145-00071730-00072091 takes a lot of calories to build a pound of muscle so not only once you've built a pound 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00146-00072091-00072611 of muscle doesn't burn more energy for you on any given day, but let's say it takes 23 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00147-00072611-00073077 or 2400 cal to build a pound of muscle so you you've invested a bunch of calories in 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00148-00073077-00073495 building the muscle then you invest calories every day of your life maintaining it and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00149-00073495-00073867 then if you're if your strength training or doing things that are going to build muscle. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00150-00073867-00074333 The nurse constantly damage and repair damage and repair so I do think that putting on a 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00151-00074333-00074850 few pounds of muscle can can absolutely improve your metabolic rate more than just that handful 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00152-00074850-00075447 of calories yes it is true that the liver is more metabolically active than in your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00153-00075447-00075849 muscle. See how the body obtains and uses energy for food that's that's gonna be your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00154-00075849-00076404 your metabolism is talked about. So it's it it obtains the energy to catabolic reactions 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00155-00076404-00076976 uses it in anabolic reactions, and that is your metabolism eyes are a little overview 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00156-00076976-00077381 of the cells of Leo covered this in in your anatomy classes, but does up the big parts 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00157-00077381-00077906 here when it comes to metabolism were looking at on the left-hand side. Here the cytoplasm 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00158-00077906-00078433 the cytoplasm is just the guts of the self. And that's where glycolysis occurs so that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00159-00078433-00078835 the huge majority of your your metabolism is actually occurring inside what's called 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00160-00078835-00079205 the power house of your seller the mitochondria over here on the right. There's more than 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00161-00079205-00079633 one of them. But the obstacle we always say that the of the mitochondria is the powerhouse 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00162-00079633-00080233 the self. This is where 95% of your ATP is produced and that is true. The other 5% is 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00163-00080233-00080742 happening with glycolysis out in the cytoplasm so glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00164-00080742-00081148 cell than all the other steps for an talk about like the the the intermediate step the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00165-00081148-00081632 Krebs cycle, which is here, here, it's called the TCA cycle fats are broken down in the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00166-00081632-00082011 mitochondria, all those things are happening in the mighty Congress of the sites of the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00167-00082011-00082388 cytoplasm as you see here the guts of the cell. The site site is all just the fluid 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00168-00082388-00082894 portion. The cytoplasm is all the guts the site is always where glycolysis occurs in 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00169-00082894-00083453 and everything else occurs over here in the powerhouse the self your mitochondria. I these 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00170-00083453-00083891 terms anabolic and catabolic we been talking about them for a while now anabolic reactions, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00171-00083891-00084498 or are they require energy in the build things. So here you see good glucose being built into 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00172-00084498-00085057 glycogen you see a glycerol and fatty acids being built into triglycerides or fats, and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00173-00085057-00085517 you see amino acids being built into proteins. Those are anabolic reactions that require 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00174-00085517-00085919 energy and they also would be just to review the term with you several times now it would 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00175-00085919-00086433 be condensation reactions that build them where you remove water as you build things 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00176-00086433-00086862 catabolic reactions are to be op. cit. will me break things down and they release energy. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00177-00086862-00087417 So when when glucose is turned into glycogen that takes energy when glycogen is turned 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00178-00087417-00087911 in the glucose than it can it can release energy try and and so is everything in reverse 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00179-00087911-00088335 glycogen becoming glucose and burning that for fuel, triglycerides being broken down 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00180-00088335-00088844 into a glycerol which can be turned into glucose or burned for fuel and fatty acids, which 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00181-00088844-00089441 can be made oxidized for fuel's attorney use and protein broken down amino acids and can 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00182-00089441-00089816 be used for fuel. We that we don't think you know I don't think of them as a great fuel 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00183-00089816-00090298 source of proteins should you should think building block. First, and they can be a fuel 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00184-00090298-00091035 source, carbs and fats are primarily on-site your anabolic and catabolic reactions again. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00185-00091035-00091641 Transfer of energy that we have ATP ATP or adenosine triphosphate is the the currency 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00186-00091641-00092156 that your cells use right when you when you store energy you store it is ATP, which you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00187-00092156-00092586 can't story much but you store little bit of it and then we spend it when when we spend 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00188-00092586-00093056 energy. This is the currency we use. So whether you're eating glucose or whether eating carbs 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00189-00093056-00093650 or fats or proteins or ketones. None of it matters that your body alcohol your body's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00190-00093650-00094135 job is to turn it into ATP so I like to think of it like like a currency. So imagine being 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00191-00094135-00094687 a currency escape exchange you shopping here in the United States and you've got to know 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00192-00094687-00095012 you got money from five different countries read and it doesn't matter what country they 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00193-00095012-00095538 are. You would need to take it somewhere to exchange it into the American dollar into 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00194-00095538-00096098 into our currency, so that's what ATP is all so alcohol that's that's money from Germany 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00195-00096098-00096687 and carbohydrates is money from France I just just making these things up. I don't know 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00196-00096687-00097430 fat is is is currency from India on the goal is to turn all of it into ATP so ATP is the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00197-00097430-00097924 energy currency of the self. The other reason I like calling it the currency is that just 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00198-00097924-00098310 like with real money where much better and spending at them. We are saving we we generate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00199-00098310-00098914 massive amounts of ATP like unbelievable amounts when you use you need a constant supply of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00200-00098914-00099489 ATP are you if you'd be dead in an instant less essay for affect your body makes so much 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00201-00099489-00099933 ATP every day that if you were to take every ATP you need today and put in the pilot way 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00202-00099933-00100388 it would way about half as much as you thought of how does that happen was because its use 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00203-00100388-00100892 and reuse and reuse. There is no pile of ATP. But if you counted how many ATP it took you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00204-00100892-00101387 to survive today and you waited, it would be it would be in the kilograms in a 4050 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00205-00101387-00101889 kg and like that. So we need massive amounts of it. We can we really suck at saving we 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00206-00101889-00102363 can only save like a couple of seconds worth of ATP your metabolism has to constantly be 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00207-00102363-00102974 running because the moment it stops you run out of ATP and and in your debt right so ATP 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00208-00102974-00103458 that we have up to three seconds worth of store nobody right now so were really good 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00209-00103458-00103966 at spending it not really good at saving it. Just like most people with money. Okay so 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00210-00103966-00104466 ATP or adenosine triphosphate is the high energy compound that powers all activities 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00211-00104466-00105117 in living cells. It contains three phosphate that's what's called ATP adenosine triphosphate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00212-00105117-00105638 and as it's broken down and releases energy, it becomes adenosine diphosphate you you lot. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00213-00105638-00106063 Also a picture in a moment, but you lop off the third phosphate and you and you extract 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00214-00106063-00106475 the energy from the bond that was holding on there and that's the point it next readily 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00215-00106475-00106932 hydrolyzed and releases energy. These bonds are high energy bonds because they are unstable 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00216-00106932-00107410 and they can. They will and they will release very easily and as they do, so that's how 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00217-00107410-00107923 we that's how we use the energy to power our processes. Just like I have a dollar in my 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00218-00107923-00108519 hand will that's stored income stored money and if I I use it. I can make something happen 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00219-00108519-00109167 right I can buy a nation going whatever okay so that the the reactions that generate energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00220-00109167-00109656 are called couple reactions because as you see here. Energy is simultaneously consumed 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00221-00109656-00110210 by reactions as energy is produced well so as we produce energy energy that's consumed 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00222-00110210-00110704 is heat so almost half of the food energy is converted sail energy is lost as heat right 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00223-00110704-00111135 arm at a bar our metabolism is actually quite efficient compared to other animals. But still 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00224-00111135-00111574 we waste more than half the energy in our body. And most of that is lost as heat, so 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00225-00111574-00112260 you the reason that I'm sitting here at 98.6°. This furnace is constantly generating heat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00226-00112260-00112890 as a byproduct of my metabolism. I've here we see adenosine triphosphate to notice the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00227-00112890-00113309 three green phosphates here and the reason that these red lines are wavy is because these 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00228-00113309-00113819 are high energy bonds there because there are unstable so when you when you build and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00229-00113819-00114491 ATP see taken adenosine diphosphate you add energy in 1/3 phosphate to generate ATP. It 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00230-00114491-00114974 now has stored energy and when you release that third phosphate that releases energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00231-00114974-00115747 and that that's why ATP powers your metabolism remits as your student bonds connecting the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00232-00115747-00116427 three phosphate groups are indicated as wavy lines indicating a high energy bond because 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00233-00116427-00117100 there unstable when bonds are broken, energy is released to dismember ATP is is like stored 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00234-00117100-00117658 energy ADP is spent energy and that's why I love this analogy right here is like a rechargeable 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00235-00117658-00118123 battery so 80 just like the rechargeable batteries you have in your junk drawer somewhere. ATP 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00236-00118123-00118666 is a charged battery and you put the battery whether you put the battery in a microphone 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00237-00118666-00119053 or the put in the tollway my son was using an RC cargo did have some batteries and it 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00238-00119053-00119425 doesn't matter where you put the battery. The battery will release its energy to power 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00239-00119425-00119916 a process. This just like what happens in your body summary .1 here, energy is released 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00240-00119916-00120427 when a high-energy phosphate bond in ATP is broken just as a battery can be used to provide 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00241-00120427-00120957 energy for a variety of uses the energy from ATP can be used to do most of your bodies 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00242-00120957-00121525 work contract muscles transport compounds make new molecules and more with the loss 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00243-00121525-00122134 of a phosphate group, high-energy ATP, which is like a charged battery becomes low energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00244-00122134-00122619 ADP use battery. But remember, these are rechargeable batteries when this battery dies you don't 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00245-00122619-00123136 throw the trash when this battery dies you go and recharge it so you can use it to get 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00246-00123136-00123679 that's why even though I need 40 or 50 in Oak of the kilograms I I'm as it grams earlier 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00247-00123679-00124184 but it's much bigger number net even though I need you know half my body weight in ATP 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00248-00124184-00124608 every day. I don't need that many of because each one can do its job. Thousands and thousands 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00249-00124608-00125172 and thousands of times, so it's not you don't use ATP and throw it away you use ATP turns 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00250-00125172-00125761 into ADP you recharge it and use it again and again and again arts is like the world's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00251-00125761-00126344 most efficient most successful rechargeable batteries to step two. Cc here we turned ATP 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00252-00126344-00126975 into ADP we release that phosphate MLB release that energy now we gotta rebuild and that's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00253-00126975-00127374 your metabolism thus rate the reason you eat the reason you eat carbs and fats and all 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00254-00127374-00128083 these things is so that you can power the reactions that turn ADP back into ATP so you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00255-00128083-00128642 can use it again and again. I energy is required to recharge the battery as a phosphate group 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00256-00128642-00129323 is attached to ADP making ATP just as a use battery needs energy from an electrical outlet 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00257-00129323-00129910 to get recharged ADP needs energy from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and proteins 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00258-00129910-00130518 to make ATP such a supercool analogy are there. There is a lot of nuance. Here we have there. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00259-00130518-00130978 There is there. We have another temporary method of recharging ADP called the creating 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00260-00130978-00131414 phosphate or phosphocreatine system, but I don't think we really need to dive into that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00261-00131414-00131981 I have that covered in the metabolism principal Jabbar earlier okay the helpers and metabolic 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00262-00131981-00132540 reactions are enzymes in coenzyme so your metabolism enzymes are wickedly important. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00263-00132540-00133020 There considered their biological catalysts they greatly speed up metabolic our metabolic 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00264-00133020-00133505 rate because they greatly speed up early, make the make reactions a lot cheaper. So, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00265-00133505-00133982 without enzymes, and our metabolism is would work great you enzymes speed up chemical reactions 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00266-00133982-00134521 of million to a billion times. The enzymes can be used up to 10 the same enzyme can be 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00267-00134521-00135081 reused of the 10,000 times a second me their amazing right so your your metabolism. We 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00268-00135081-00135622 could not survive without enzymes to enzymes are proteins that power all the steps in our 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00269-00135622-00136176 metabolic reactions, but enzymes aren't enough enzymes are like the engine but coenzymes 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00270-00136176-00136699 are needed. Coenzyme's are like the ignition that the starter in your car with the key 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00271-00136699-00137136 so he coenzyme's organic a note that means is there carbon-based these are to be vitamins. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00272-00137136-00137628 So the reason we always everyone knows me by means of minerals. But why when the main 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00273-00137628-00138046 reasons we need vitamins is because there they turn on our enzymes sees here at the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00274-00138046-00138558 bottom without a coenzyme and enzyme cannot function like with with your dear car sitting 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00275-00138558-00139070 there without without its ignition isn't going to start and is going to run the coenzymes 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00276-00139070-00139671 are what turn on the engine the power these enzymes. Soaps only talk about like energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00277-00139671-00140135 vitamins, you might hear people talk about be vitamins. For example, will I will be vitamins 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00278-00140135-00140707 power the the metabolic steps that turn turn carbs and fat into fuel and protein, but to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00279-00140707-00141145 the of the cards are the big ones so that that the think about. Like for example will 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00280-00141145-00141579 cover some of these but niacin when your B vitamins that that creates an electron carrier 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00281-00141579-00142084 that we need to generate energy, riboflavin does the same thing we need. We need all these 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00282-00142084-00142545 aren't soap so that's what that's the importance of vitamins in your metabolism they don't 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00283-00142545-00142985 actually recall with they don't ask you generate energy like in like a B vitamin doesn't have 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00284-00142985-00143573 any calories was not worth any energy on its own. So if you're what vitamins do is they 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00285-00143573-00144075 allow you to extract energy from your food. So there's no calories in a B vitamin. They 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00286-00144075-00144628 do not directly provide energy but they power the process that allows you to get energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00287-00144628-00145200 from your food reflection number two. This is a review of things you covered over the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00288-00145200-00145634 last several chapters of carbohydrates are broken down during just digestion to become 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00289-00145634-00146082 glucose and the other monosaccharides. Remember we are three monosaccharides are glucose, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00290-00146082-00146596 fructose and galactose big differences fructose and galactose have to then be turned into 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00291-00146596-00147045 glucose by your liver to fats or triglycerides are the called that because they have the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00292-00147045-00147589 glycerol backbone and three fatty acid tails so triglycerides are broken down to form that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00293-00147589-00148030 glycerol and the fatty acid tails, and then I will see how glycerol can be burned for 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00294-00148030-00148599 fuel and and then also how the fatty acids are beta oxidized to become fuel your ad to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00295-00148599-00149053 be burned to fuel three proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and will 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00296-00149053-00149493 see that the will see that they can be burned for fuel as well and these are all examples 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00297-00149493-00150152 of catabolic reactions because were breaking things down and releasing energy breaking 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00298-00150152-00150730 down nutrients for energy price. The simplified overview of the energy yielding pathways and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00299-00150730-00151267 also you picture in a moment, all of the energy yielding nutrients protein carbs and fat ballista 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00300-00151267-00151693 quickly remind reminder protein should never be seen as an energy source. First, proteins 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00301-00151693-00152186 are building blocks. When we don't have carbs and fat and we don't have enough of them, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00302-00152186-00152695 then yes, we can rely on protein as a fuel source writes all the energy yielding nutrients, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00303-00152695-00153236 proteins, carbohydrates and fats can be broken down to acetyl Co. it like to call acetyl 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00304-00153236-00153597 Co. way. The keystone of your metabolism might know what this is. That's over top of the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00305-00153597-00154184 energy currency earlier really this is the exchange station you your all your alcohol 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00306-00154184-00154715 your carbs, your protein your fat I'm gonna turn all of you and to acetyl Co. way. Then 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00307-00154715-00155327 once that happens in acetyl Co. way enters the TCA cycle which TCA stands for tri-carboxylic 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00308-00155327-00155976 acid cycle, but I will call it the Krebs cycle or the Krebs citric acid cycle once it at 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00309-00155976-00156447 once. Acetyl Co. enters the Krebs cycle, your body doesn't care where it came from. So really 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00310-00156447-00156983 the first step of your attack of the generating energy is to take whatever you consumed for 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00311-00156983-00157529 fuel and converted to acetyl Co. way and in acetyl Co. way will run down and be and fall 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00312-00157529-00158204 in the net the following steps will generate ATP art sleep so he turned we turned our proteins, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00313-00158204-00158685 carbs, fats are alcohol into acetyl Co. way acetyl Co. way enters the Krebs citric acid 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00314-00158685-00159202 cycle and then during the these metabolic reactions. Most of the reactions above release 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00315-00159202-00159653 hydrogen atoms with their electrons, which are carried by coenzymes electron transport 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00316-00159653-00160277 chain so this is going to be the the carriers there are called NADH which comes from niacin 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00317-00160277-00160700 and FA DH to which comes from riboflavin and that's were most interesting to come from 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00318-00160700-00161101 has were at an agile see if you watch the more detailed videos as are going step-by-step 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00319-00161101-00161576 through the stick to these through this process than electrons and hydrogen ions are being 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00320-00161576-00162026 are being harvested and there to be taken to the electron transport chain so I like 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00321-00162026-00162448 to describe that is like a casino right so is as you as you're going through these energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00322-00162448-00162972 yielding steps you're getting casino chips. That's of the electron carriers to merely 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00323-00162972-00163795 casino chips and at each NADH is a casino chip that's worth three ATP each FA DH two 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00324-00163795-00164352 is a casino chip worth to ATP what I call a casino chips because right now in my hands 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00325-00164352-00164787 there worth nothing. I have to take them to the cashier to give them value is in the turn 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00326-00164787-00165300 them into real money. The cashier is the electron transport chain at the end you harvest electrons 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00327-00165300-00165817 and harvest hydrogens you take them to the costs it to the cashier at the which the author 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00328-00165817-00166419 transport chain and their turned into ATP site the next point there ATP is can be synthesized 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00329-00166419-00166904 in this electron transport chain primarily and then hydrogen atoms react with oxygen 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00330-00166904-00167408 to produce water so that so that of the equation of your metabolism is glucose or whatever 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00331-00167408-00167946 fuel are using but we usually talk about glucose first so glucose plus oxygen we need oxygen. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00332-00167946-00168645 The power metabolism so glucose plus oxygen leads to carbon dioxide water which is here 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00333-00168645-00168993 being produced, so carbon dioxide is a waste product and water is a waste product of I 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00334-00168993-00169612 use it carbon dioxide, water and ATP, the energy that their body needs, and if you and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00335-00169612-00170089 if you take a typical glucose and you and you fully oxidize like that you will turn 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00336-00170089-00170803 that one glucose into 36 ATP you dealing with eukaryotes like humans aren't discussion question 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00337-00170803-00171248 one whatever pyruvate in acetyl Co. way and what is their role in glucose production the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00338-00171248-00171771 by two having onto the steps here but to him by Rousseau glucose is starts with six cartons 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00339-00171771-00172395 its chemical formula is C6 H 1206 when you went after glucose runs through glycolysis. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00340-00172395-00172890 It's been split in half into two of these pyruvate switcher three carbon structures 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00341-00172890-00173322 and then then the next step in your metabolism you actually lop off one of those carbons 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00342-00173322-00173850 and you turn a three carbon pyruvate would to carbon acetyl Co. way the word is that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00343-00173850-00174472 their cargo it's it's fuse with oxygen and becomes carbon dioxide were actually we exhale 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00344-00174472-00174987 the fuel, so if you had pancakes this morning. You're exhaling the carbon skeleton of those 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00345-00174987-00175523 pancakes as carbon dioxide basically right so pyruvate three carbon structure in acetyl 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00346-00175523-00176019 Co. way to carbon structure with what's called a coenzyme Co. a attached to it. That's why 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00347-00176019-00176546 it's called acetyl Co. way and that comes from a B vitamin called pantothenic acid are 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00348-00176546-00177178 two new fuels used by the body. Pyruvate can be used to make glucose acetyl Co. way cannot, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00349-00177178-00177624 because that means mid so basically pyruvate can is a reversal reaction. You can turn but 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00350-00177624-00178022 glucose in the pyruvate and then pyruvate can become acetyl Co. way and then run to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00351-00178022-00178595 the Krebs cycle and get burned for fuel or pyruvate can go back and become glucose, acetyl 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00352-00178595-00178991 Co. way can't. Once you have acetyl Co. way it enters the Krebs cycle and it's going to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00353-00178991-00179714 be metabolized or can be turned into ketones. That's a whole separate discussion are at 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00354-00179714-00180100 a simplified overview there's nothing subtle about any this, I get it, but a symbol of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00355-00180100-00180592 vital review of the energy yielding pathways. Here we see proteins, carbs and fats and was 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00356-00180592-00181023 going this order, but just a reminder that no proteins or can be burned for fuel, but 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00357-00181023-00181492 they have more important jobs and that's because proteins are regular nitrogen we can get carbon, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00358-00181492-00181989 hydrogen and oxygen from any of them. We need weekly should be using our proteins for things 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00359-00181989-00182612 that require nitrogen first I so protein is digested to amino acids and then you see we 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00360-00182612-00183052 have with any I'll cover this morning to later but we have some of our amino acids that can 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00361-00183052-00183547 become pyruvate those really called Google genic, amino acids, some of our amino acids 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00362-00183547-00183961 are going to directly become acetyl Co., Inc. those are called ketogenic amino acids because 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00363-00183961-00184516 like I just mentioned earlier acetyl Co. way can enter the crib Krebs cycle or be turned 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00364-00184516-00184975 into ketones and then we have some amino acids that are going to directly enter the TCA cycle 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00365-00184975-00185452 of the Krebs cycle. Those are also called Google genic amino acids so protein digestion 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00366-00185452-00186063 to amino acids burned for fuel, depending on the amino acid it's can happen away carbs 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00367-00186063-00186446 are to be turned in glucose, whether whether if you ate sugar for example, you're in a 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00368-00186446-00186919 digested into a glucose and fructose in your liver's gonna turn that fructose into glucose. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00369-00186919-00187467 Now we have glucose we burn. If you ate starch it's long chains glucose we digest them the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00370-00187467-00187838 individual glucose is, however glucose we burn your bite is in care. The difference 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00371-00187838-00188376 here is starch and sugar all all carbs except the fibers because are not adjusted are going 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00372-00188376-00188846 to end up there and the end result is glucose so carbs are turned into glucose which we 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00373-00188846-00189318 turned in the pyruvate during glycolysis and though the rent become acetyl Co. way and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00374-00189318-00189809 then run to the cup cycle and then generate energy and electric transport fat has two 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00375-00189809-00190470 destinations because number fats and triglyceride the glycerol backbone of fat can become pyruvate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00376-00190470-00191022 and then can become glucose, so glycerol is can I beat that's called gluconeogenesis whenever 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00377-00191022-00191512 you turn a non-carbohydrate into a carbohydrate is called gluconeogenesis. That's what's happening 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00378-00191512-00191987 there with glycerol and the fatty acids are gonna be beta oxidized where they become so 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00379-00191987-00192471 of fatty acid have these long tails remember from last chapter, there are or two chemicals 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00380-00192471-00193071 are there alter their all even numbers. So, 16, 1820 carbons will those carbons are lopped 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00381-00193071-00193517 off to a time and they they become acetyl Co. is that, and they're going to be bait. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00382-00193517-00194218 That's this beta oxidation process acetyl Co. burn for fuel I. So step one all the energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00383-00194218-00194617 yielding nutrients protein carbs and fat can be broken down to acetyl Co. Inc. that's why 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00384-00194617-00195061 call that the keystone of your metabolism acetyl Co. way that enters the Krebs citric 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00385-00195061-00195613 acid cycle where you generate all these hydrogens and always electrons which then enter the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00386-00195613-00196033 electron transport chain to number three. Most of the reactions above release hydrogen 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00387-00196033-00196747 atoms with their electrons, which are carried by coenzymes that be your NADH and FA DH to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00388-00196747-00197383 to the electron transport chain. Step four ATP synthesized step five. The waste products. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00389-00197383-00197817 Hydrogen atoms react with oxygen to produce water and carbon atoms react with oxygen to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00390-00197817-00198342 produce carbon dioxide so easily took we take our fuel glucose or whatever, plus oxygen 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00391-00198342-00198885 and we make carbon dioxide and water, and we make ATP that's that that's the overview 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00392-00198885-00199534 of how you generate energy reflection three. You'll feel free to pause look at these before 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00393-00199534-00200103 I jump ahead glycerol and amino acids can provide glucose because they can become converted 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00394-00200103-00200537 to Peru. They talk about back fatty acids are converted to acetyl Co. way that's called 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00395-00200537-00201042 beta oxidation acetyl Co. way is the compound that enters the citric acid cycle or the Krebs 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00396-00201042-00201455 cycle and that's like in your bite is in care where it comes from, whether it's protein, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00397-00201455-00202078 carbs, fat, alcohol it wants to turn it into acetyl Co. way so it can power its metabolism 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00398-00202078-00202910 number four energy is harnessed through the electron transport chain okay and this is 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00399-00202910-00203425 where I'm really gonna be kind of scheming because I have videos right go through in 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00400-00203425-00203784 great detail through all these processes and I think they'll really help you because you'll 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00401-00203784-00204223 still, we'll see them better as well but dump the first absorbent start glucose and will 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00402-00204223-00204662 look at fats and protein separately, but to the first so glycolysis is how we turn glucose 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00403-00204662-00205334 in the pyruvate member glucose is a six carbon structure C6H 1206 glycolysis means the ripping 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00404-00205334-00205877 or tearing apart of glucose see take a six carbon glucose and you split it in half. So 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00405-00205877-00206378 if you started with 16 carbon structure you know have two, three carbon structures which 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00406-00206378-00206919 are pyruvate and you see their hydrogen atoms are carried electron transport chain so during 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00407-00206919-00207508 glycolysis as you split glucose and half of it does generate some energy is called a net 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00408-00207508-00208044 gain of two ATP in the reason we say that way is because you have to spend to ATP is 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00409-00208044-00208728 called the energy investment phase to create for ATP, the energy payoff phase so glycolysis 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00410-00208728-00209325 yields a net gain directly of two ATP than during glycolysis. You're going to fill up 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00411-00209325-00210100 two of these electron carriers called NADH and each NADH is worth three ATP are so that's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00412-00210100-00210609 glycolysis, then part normally pyruvate will go on in and just depends on depends on how 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00413-00210609-00211001 much oxygen is available. How much energy are using pyruvate will generally go on to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00414-00211001-00211382 become acetyl Co. way, but will look at will look at the other options but yes pyruvate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00415-00211382-00211898 can be converted back to glucose your liver cells and some cells in the kidneys can do 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00416-00211898-00212332 that will come back we'll talk about the Cori cycle a and how your body recycles these different 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00417-00212332-00212910 things so so normally, glucose is becoming pyruvate but pyruvate can be converted back 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00418-00212910-00213564 to glucose that's and that's can be. How your body can really can turn things non-carbohydrates 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00419-00213564-00214323 into glucose arts order pyruvate's option. So after after you turn glucose in the pyruvate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00420-00214323-00214764 really it depends on if you have the presence or absence of oxygen. If there's not a lot 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00421-00214764-00215277 of oxygen. So if you're intensely exercising your running is hard as you can select that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00422-00215277-00215699 if you need it. If you generate energy really quickly and this anaerobic environment. Pyruvate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00423-00215699-00216090 is can become lactate and that's really a people talk about feeling the burn of their 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00424-00216090-00216430 muscles and these can things the reason that happens and will go a little more detail on 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00425-00216430-00216910 this, but pyruvate becomes lactate so that glycolysis doesn't shut off and anaerobic 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00426-00216910-00217352 environment. If this pyruvate just built up them that are glycolysis and shut off, and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00427-00217352-00217867 we have no energy because without oxygen, we can't power our metabolism, except for 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00428-00217867-00218342 this for step glycolysis because anaerobic but it shuts off then it stops generating 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00429-00218342-00218829 energy. Basically any time you try to exercise intensely you would die so that to the reason 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00430-00218829-00219290 people think the thing will act as a bad thing, which actually isn't. Pyruvate becomes lactate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00431-00219290-00219819 to get it out of the way so that glycolysis can continue to run and you don't die when 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00432-00219819-00220344 you're on the treadmill aren't so in in anaerobic environment. Pyruvate becomes lactate in your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00433-00220344-00220705 body. Let your body can recycle the lactate later will come back to that. Once you have 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00434-00220705-00221219 oxygen. If you're in anaerobic environment. So if you're at rest or is taking a walk you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00435-00221219-00221681 doing simple things like that. Then pyruvate will continue on to become acetyl Co. way 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00436-00221681-00222127 and that conversion of pyruvate to acetyl Co. way is called the intermediate step. During 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00437-00222127-00222759 that step. No energy is produced, so no ATP, but we do get two more of those NADH is those 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00438-00222759-00223275 electron carrier so we harvest some more hydrogens electrons. So now for these first two steps 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00439-00223275-00223975 after glycolysis we had to ATP produced and to NADH is after the intermediate step were 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00440-00223975-00224648 still at two. ATP is making more but is now two more NADH is to be made to ATP a net gain 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00441-00224648-00225169 of two ATP. Now we have four of these NADH is those are those casino chips. I was talking 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00442-00225169-00225713 about that each have three are each worth three ATP will make cash them in later at 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00443-00225713-00226331 the electron transport chain okay so in anaerobic environment. Though pyruvate will accept those 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00444-00226331-00226791 hydrogens to get them out of the way so that causes can keep running and it'll turn pyruvate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00445-00226791-00227308 into lactate legacy or does occur to a limited extent arrest. We always have some lactate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00446-00227308-00227832 lactate of great fuel source of lactate ketones are both so misunderstood that I think they 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00447-00227832-00228179 can be phenomenal fuel sources them in their alternate fuel sources there for a reason 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00448-00228179-00228667 art, but that they produce ATP quickly does not very much right so that that's that's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00449-00228667-00229082 it. That's an issue to lactate doesn't cumulate in your muscles. People talk about that being 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00450-00229082-00229490 part of the reason that them muscles fail in and the burning sensation I don't know 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00451-00229490-00229877 how much that's true. They're still trying to tease all that out of the Cori cycle will 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00452-00229877-00230329 cover in more detail in a moment with the Cori cycle is and how so if you generate all 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00453-00230329-00230784 this lactate when you're in anaerobic environment, what happens when oxygen reappears when you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00454-00230784-00231267 stop exercising. For example, will the Cori cycle as I take this lactate you turn it back 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00455-00231267-00231801 in the pyruvate and then you can turn it back and glucose. So really, if you're doing really 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00456-00231801-00232328 intense anaerobic exercise. You're not even really using glucose your borrowing your turning 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00457-00232328-00232729 glucose in the pyruvate and then lactate and then you're going to turn lactate back into 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00458-00232729-00233300 glucose, but now that it does take energy to do that, but still it. You can recover 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00459-00233300-00233746 a lot of the glucose that you quoted quote spent during intense activity. Maybe you're 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00460-00233746-00234241 doing like high intensity interval training really anaerobic activities midyear and MMA 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00461-00234241-00235004 fighters on the ice here is the Cori cycle so so working when was always is when I do 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00462-00235004-00235554 these things I working muscles break someone working muscles break down most of their glucose 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00463-00235554-00236017 molecules to pyruvate releasing energy in the form of ATP right that's glycolysis you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00464-00236017-00236598 see that the six carbon glucose was turned into to three carbon pyruvate's and we generated 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00465-00236598-00237219 those the net gain of two ATP what we did so and then in your NADH is capturing the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00466-00237219-00237725 electrons the E with a - there and the H plus the hydrogen is the protons, though those 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00467-00237725-00238321 are going to be cashed in later if the cells lack sufficient mitochondria, or which like 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00468-00238321-00238833 a red blood cells and have any or in the absence of sufficient oxygen pyruvate can accept the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00469-00238833-00239390 hydrogens from glucose break down and become lactate to see happening over here. This conversion 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00470-00239390-00239827 frees the coenzyme so that causes can continue to people at the lactate like it's a bad thing, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00471-00239827-00240259 but like I said if you didn't generate lactate that glycolysis would shut off and you would 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00472-00240259-00240829 be on your stairstep are and you would die. So, consider that are step three. Cc that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00473-00240829-00241410 lactate can travel to liver the liver enzymes can convert lactate back to glucose. This 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00474-00241410-00241956 is the Cori cycle. This reaction requires energy so lactate becomes glucose again glucose 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00475-00241956-00242380 can then go back out to the body and do its job. So when you're doing anaerobic intense 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00476-00242380-00242869 intense anaerobic activities your borrowing glucose more than you're actually burning 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00477-00242869-00243411 it, but it does it does waste energy. It takes energy to turn lactate back into glucose police 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00478-00243411-00243888 we get back and we get some energy back. I that's the Cori cycle. I will video. Naturally, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00479-00243888-00244549 when were the paths of pyruvate and acetyl Co. way severely do what you see whether these 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00480-00244549-00245009 arrows are pointing in one or two directions is really the key here so glucose can become 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00481-00245009-00245641 pyruvate, but then prove it can also become glucose talked about. That is go over your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00482-00245641-00246204 glycerol so the glycerol backbone of your fatty acids can be can it actually enter summer 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00483-00246204-00246719 between glucose and pyruvate so it can either become glucose or can be burned for fuel by 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00484-00246719-00247221 becoming pyruvate pyruvate in the absence of oxygen becomes lactate, but then it can 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00485-00247221-00247767 be reverted can be reversed and turned back into glucose once you have oxygen, fatty acids 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00486-00247767-00248142 can be turned to acetyl Co. way and acetyl Co. a commitment of fat and that's that. This 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00487-00248142-00248507 is really this is how your body can turn anything in the fat if you consume excess calories 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00488-00248507-00248933 whether it's carbs, protein, fat or alcohol and you have a build of up acetyl Co. way 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00489-00248933-00249380 it can be can be turned in the fact that on this side, we have what are called the glucose 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00490-00249380-00249846 genic, amino acids, those the ones that become pyruvate and can be burned for fuel and then 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00491-00249846-00250380 we have the ketogenic amino acids that they become acetyl Co. way and there and then there 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00492-00250380-00250827 to burn for fuel as well help you see how acetyl Co. is really the key. Everything is 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00493-00250827-00251510 going to become acetyl Co. way and and either burned for fuel or store stores that I knowledge 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00494-00251510-00252317 check one. How many carbons are there and glucose said a few times here member glucose 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00495-00252317-00253025 at C6H 1206 and we split that six carbon glucose and half we get our two, three carbon pyruvate's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00496-00253025-00253503 and then if there's plenty of oxygen your three carbon pyruvate's become to carbon acetyl 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00497-00253503-00254074 Co. ways and then we and then you what they they either can become ketones or they become 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00498-00254074-00254779 they run to the cup cycle and burn for fuel rights and out that's talk about glucose how 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00499-00254779-00255225 does your body turn fat into fuel. In this is that process of beta oxidation is the key 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00500-00255225-00255860 term here so fatty acids to acetyl Co. a pathway. So start about the top so we digest the fat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00501-00255860-00256315 into a glycerol and then our fatty acid tails let the glycerol the way so glycerol is going 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00502-00256315-00256854 to enter glycolysis between glucose and pyruvate and really can go either direction, so glycerol 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00503-00256854-00257396 can be turned into glucose or glycerol can become pyruvate and be burned for fuel, so 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00504-00257396-00257946 you see glycerol pyruvate becoming acetyl Co. way entering the cup cycle that's glycerol 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00505-00257946-00258394 and that's a maybe about 6% of the stored energy in your body right now is the glycerol 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00506-00258394-00258867 from your fats that can be the can best be turned in glucose in that process of gluconeogenesis 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00507-00258867-00259392 sorry the couple points here nurse for 20 was glycerol enters the glycolysis pathway. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00508-00259392-00259873 About midway between glucose and pyruvate to set that now sets forget about the glycerol. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00509-00259873-00260344 Now let's look at the fatty acid tails number all of our fats have have fatty acid tails 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00510-00260344-00260749 of different chain links, but there always even numbers so that's mess because really 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00511-00260749-00261334 use these cards to a time to step two in the first step of fatty acid oxidation the fatty 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00512-00261334-00261875 acid is activated by a Co. way and you see what you see here activated by a Co. way and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00513-00261875-00262445 a little energy is used. There were three coenzymes carry hydrogens and their electrons 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00514-00262445-00262801 to the electron transport chain. So while so while this process is occurring. Were going 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00515-00262801-00263408 to be filling up our NADH is which will power armor tab of our our letterpress working later. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00516-00263408-00263831 Number four. Another Co. way joins the chain in the bond of the second carbon the beta 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00517-00263831-00264326 carbon weakens acetyl Co. way splits off, leaving a fatty acid that is to carbon short. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00518-00264326-00264717 That's why it's called beta oxidation so we went from would be start with the start of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00519-00264717-00265577 a 16 one here right okay so we had we you have your fatty acid tail you have these Co. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00520-00265577-00266052 is to it. And then you lop off to carbons generating up acetyl Co. way, so this acetyl 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00521-00266052-00266486 Co. way will enter the the citric acid cycle the cup cycle. Just like if it came from, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00522-00266486-00266908 carbs doesn't matter in an acetyl Co. way will will power the rest of your metabolism 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00523-00266908-00267567 and you lop off to carbons other times you go from 16 to 14 and 12 the 10 to 8 to 64 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00524-00267567-00268068 to 2 so that's that's the beta oxidation process, you take the long fatty acid tails you lop 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00525-00268068-00268608 off to carbons of time and then you burn them for fuel, so this means that fat is a phenomenal 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00526-00268608-00269098 fuel source right tons and tons of energy. In fact the downside is beta oxidation occurs. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00527-00269098-00269647 We slowly this is why if you're at rest your bodies primarily using fat for fuel rest you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00528-00269647-00270159 know to moderate activity, but as activity gets more intense you that oxidation can keep 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00529-00270159-00270743 up to you have to burn glucose at really at higher intensities so when you, the more physically 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00530-00270743-00271207 active you are, the more your body will want to burn glucose for fuel, the less physically 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00531-00271207-00271605 active you are, the more your body can fatso fats a better fuel source, but it's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00532-00271605-00272054 a slower fuel source. We talk about before, like a lot of fire red fat is like these huge 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00533-00272054-00272526 logs the burn all night with differently slowly. If you want the fire to burn quickly we want 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00534-00272526-00273063 to get the fire started quickly you add newspaper or dry twigs kindling those kind things. The 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00535-00273063-00273551 kindling will burn up real fast, but it'll start it'll start the fire so glucose is like 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00536-00273551-00274030 that glucose is not a great fuel source, but it burns really quickly. Fat phenomenal fuel 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00537-00274030-00274577 source, but it burns really slow okay last up there the shorter fatty acid than enters 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00538-00274577-00274991 the pathway in the cycle repeats itself and we keep lopping off to carbons until where 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00539-00274991-00275579 until they're gone. Acid we sell this glycerol and fatty acids, glycerol can become glucose 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00540-00275579-00276103 or pyruvate in the process of fatty acid oxidation fatty acids are taken apart to carbons of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00541-00276103-00276645 the time they become acetyl Co. way. As this occurs, hydrogens and electrons are released 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00542-00276645-00277117 and carried electron transport chain that getting can use the electron carrier NADH 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00543-00277117-00277870 with set all that so fatty acid activated by a Co. way. Another Co. way shows up you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00544-00277870-00278381 break off the the beta carbon are the second second carbon bond weakens and is split and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00545-00278381-00278830 that's why they come off to carbons of time those to carbons become acetyl Co. way, and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00546-00278830-00279355 the cycle continues until you go toward what we are from 16 to 14 to 12 the 10 that a test 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00547-00279355-00280108 6 to 4 to 2 and that that fatty acid tail has been quote unquote burn for fuel are now 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00548-00280108-00280692 switching gears to amino acids and mentioned all this earlier, we have three different 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00549-00280692-00281241 paths, amino acids can take most amino acids are Google didn't look Google genic, meaning 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00550-00281241-00281714 they can be converted to pyruvate which can be used to make glucose so that's why they're 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00551-00281714-00282115 called Google genic amino acids and here we see them becoming pyruvate which they can 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00552-00282115-00282583 either be turned into acetyl Co. in burn for fuel, they can go backwards and become glucose 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00553-00282583-00283055 that will be that process of gluconeogenesis, but some of them because of their structure 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00554-00283055-00283538 become to carbon acetyl Co. is so these are to be called ketogenic amino acids because 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00555-00283538-00283968 there there there to be turned to acetyl Co., which cannot then be turned back in the pyruvate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00556-00283968-00284406 to acetyl Co. is either going to run to the cup cycle or it can become ketones. Hence 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00557-00284406-00284953 ketogenic and some amino acids that are actually there to enter the crab psychosocial you in 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00558-00284953-00285442 a moment there and enter it in different places on the cup cycle directly in the and then 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00559-00285442-00286030 they'll generating but there also called Google genic amino acids review the process for breaking 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00560-00286030-00286606 down, amino acids that we just it so you can redo this if you want from a cell that actually 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00561-00286606-00287091 do and it's in the year before amino acids can enter the metabolic pathway. D. Emanation 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00562-00287091-00287608 must occur. This removes the nitrogen -containing amino group. Remember protein has NexGen on 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00563-00287608-00288146 it. If you going to use protein to build proteins use amino acids to build proteins, that's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00564-00288146-00288639 fine, but you can use amino acids as a fuel source. You have to remove the nitrogen that's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00565-00288639-00289150 called D emanation that extra nitrate nations and become ammonia and its can become urea 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00566-00289150-00289509 and then it's one of the most important ways products that her kidneys get rid of me. Make 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00567-00289509-00290006 urine. So if you're going to burn, amino acids for fuel. You have to deal with the excess. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00568-00290006-00290382 Next we talked about that in the last chapter. If you're on a higher protein diet should 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00569-00290382-00290971 be drinking more water because your bodies can have to deal with more urea some amino 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00570-00290971-00291432 acids enter energy pathways after being converted to pyruvate that's the Google genic ones others 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00571-00291432-00291920 acetyl Co. way, that's the ketogenic ones and others and to the TCA cycle directly or 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00572-00291920-00292486 the cup cycle directly also called Google genic, amino acids, amino acids converted 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00573-00292486-00292991 to pyruvate can make glucose Google genic amino acids converted to acetyl Co. way can 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00574-00292991-00293449 provide energy or be stored as fat. That's how your body would turn excess protein into 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00575-00293449-00294135 fat. I an hour at the actual Krebs cycle. We bent their glycolysis we've been through 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00576-00294135-00294506 the intermediate step or beta oxidation are all these different steps that make acetyl 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00577-00294506-00294948 Co. way. Now it's time to put that acetyl Co. way to work. So it's the the TCA cycle 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00578-00294948-00295465 they call it here which stands for tricarboxylic acid cycle, but I like to call the Krebs citric 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00579-00295465-00296127 acid cycle. It was Chris Han's gravity was named the got started I to the final, metabolic 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00580-00296127-00296575 pathway takes place in the inner compartment of the mitochondria to see that the mitochondria 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00581-00296575-00297136 has a double membrane is in in inner and outer compartment and that's and it's the the memory 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00582-00297136-00297681 between the two were most energies to be produced is a circular pathway Josie and that that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00583-00297681-00298089 means that basically the last step of the pathway is needed to go to start the first 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00584-00298089-00298591 step so it continues on and on as long as you have building blocks and that last step 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00585-00298591-00299072 before carbon compound is called ask aloe acetate this to be like low carb diet with 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00586-00299072-00299629 low carb diets doer ketogenic diets do is they run your body low of this oxo acetate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00587-00299629-00300072 precursor see have all the acetyl Co. a unique is your burning fat for fuel you don't have 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00588-00300072-00300535 enough Excel acetate. That's where you have. If the cycle starts to slow down. That's where 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00589-00300535-00301030 your body will start to generate ketones so that so it's actually a it is ketogenic by 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00590-00301030-00301485 by slowing down the cup cycle or lease overwhelming was put that way, over woman the cup cycle. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00591-00301485-00302080 I severely have the cup cycle so I really good picture. During this Krebs cycle. You'll 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00592-00302080-00302588 see here on the bottom week we do generate something that becomes an ATP so one run through 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00593-00302588-00303155 the cycle only generates a single ATP but the cup cycle generates two ATP is remember 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00594-00303155-00303600 were forced were normal glucose because remember we started with him one glucose split in half 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00595-00303600-00304116 so we have to run to the cycle twice and this is also why fat will generate way more energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00596-00304116-00304610 because if you have an 18 carbon fatty acid chain it's gonna make nine acetyl Co. is which 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00597-00304610-00305199 means nine shots through the Krebs cycle of seed on generate a ton of energy here, but 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00598-00305199-00305866 here's the key reason the cup cycle so important is look here coenzyme coenzyme coenzyme coenzyme 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00599-00305866-00306503 so I that so one path through the Krebs cycle is going to fill four of those electron carriers 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00600-00306503-00306930 which are those casino chips that we will cash in at the electron transport chain later 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00601-00306930-00307318 easier in the bottom of the picture there heading to the lectern transporting so during 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00602-00307318-00307972 that during the Krebs cycle. You only make two ATP but you fill six of those NADH is 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00603-00307972-00308576 in each one of those is worth three ATP and you fill to FA DH twos which is the other 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00604-00308576-00309011 electron curved when talking about in each of those is worth two ATP so were not were 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00605-00309011-00309420 winning amongst the casino here were not making a lot of money yet, but were filling up these 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00606-00309420-00309983 casino chips and they argue to generate is plenty of energy. Later is jump jump in. So, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00607-00309983-00310466 step one ox aloe acetate. That's why it's a so it's a cycle because the accelerant asked 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00608-00310466-00310943 is the last step is needed to start the first one I Excel acetate, a compound made primarily 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00609-00310943-00311508 from pyruvate starts the TCA cycle by fusing with an acetyl Co. it before carbon ask aloe 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00610-00311508-00312071 acetate joins with the two carbon acetyl Co. Inc. to make in a 66 carbon compound and then 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00611-00312071-00312539 we go on and on. The compound is changed a little to make a new six carbon compound which 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00612-00312539-00313085 releases carbons as carbon dioxide becoming the five and then a four carbon compound and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00613-00313085-00313630 then just as were traveling through here were releasing carbon dioxide were work capturing 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00614-00313630-00314014 electrons capturing hydrogen ions in the run to the cycle and the cycle continues on and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00615-00314014-00314916 on as long as you have acetyl Co. it is long you have Excel acetate Betsy we talked about 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00616-00314916-00315463 ATP's can be produced from that GTP compound step six. Knowing the glucose produces pyruvate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00617-00315463-00315932 during glycolysis and then ask aloe acetate must be available to start the TCA cycle you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00618-00315932-00316317 can understand why the complete oxidation of fat requires carbohydrates so you don't 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00619-00316317-00316814 get it. If you don't have these carbohydrate precursors. That's when this this get system 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00620-00316814-00317413 is overwhelmed and that's when your body of your liver starts makes ketones are so let's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00621-00317413-00317886 just review before you lectern transporting tortoise. Let's review the metabolism of glucose 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00622-00317886-00318489 so glycolysis you have a net gain of two ATP, but you also got two of those NADH is which 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00623-00318489-00319075 will be worth six ATP later intermediate step will return pyruvate to acetyl Co. way no 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00624-00319075-00319529 ATPs produced but we get to more of those NADH is to now before we even started the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00625-00319529-00320106 cup cycle we have we have a net we made two ATP and we have four of those electron carriers 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00626-00320106-00320635 NADH during this process were and get six more of them. So now we get we be made to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00627-00320635-00321157 more ATP so he made two ATP during glycolysis none during the intermediate step and to hear 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00628-00321157-00321899 so we made for ATP, but now we have 10 NADH is to from glycolysis to from the intermediate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00629-00321899-00322521 step and six from here. Each one of those is worth three ATP to 10×3 is 30 sleep made 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00630-00322521-00323141 for ATP, but now we got 30 more ATP coming and we have two FA DH twos which are each 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00631-00323141-00324009 worth two ATP so 2×2 is for. So now we've made for ATP. We have 30 ATP coming from from 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00632-00324009-00324881 NADH plus for ATP coming from an FA DH to slats 38 so. 4+30+4. So the complete oxidation 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00633-00324881-00325477 of glucose generates 38 ATP. But why did I say earlier that we only get 36 well if you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00634-00325477-00325973 are bacteria you would actually generate 38 ATP, but you're not and that's because it 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00635-00325973-00326533 actually, we have to spend two of those ATPs to get our energy into the mitochondria to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00636-00326533-00327063 get our turbulent box in the mitochondria, so we do make 38 ATP like bacteria do, but 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00637-00327063-00327616 we have to spend two of it in a way that they don't soap eukaryotes like us, we fully oxidize 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00638-00327616-00328292 glucose into 36 ATP and prokaryotes like bacteria would fully oxidize the 38th left. That's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00639-00328292-00328772 the difference the okay now at the electron transport chain. This is much better to see 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00640-00328772-00329204 visually see action happening, but to all run to the process here. Here's the point 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00641-00329204-00329637 we been talking electrons the whole time right electron transport electron carriers. All 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00642-00329637-00330323 of this, but what you're going to see happen here is the electron transport chain the all 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00643-00330323-00330743 we've captured always electrons that we dump electron transport chain, but the flow of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00644-00330743-00331233 electrons is really only needed to power the pumping of these hydrogen ions slowly read 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00645-00331233-00331943 through it. The coenzyme switch of beer NADH worth three ATP and FA DH to worth two to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00646-00331943-00332443 the coenzymes deliver hydrogens and high energy electrons to the electron transport chain 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00647-00332443-00332975 from the Krebs cycle glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation at step one so as they release 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00648-00332975-00333495 their electrons that powers this pumping and what the pump with the pump is doing is pumping 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00649-00333495-00334061 hydrogen ions outside of this inner mitochondrial member to your seeing a buildup of all these 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00650-00334061-00334656 red H pluses or hydrogen ions, which are also called protons the American call these protons 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00651-00334656-00335084 the ability to pack table hydrogens. The only element without an action so hydrogen never 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00652-00335084-00335800 had an nitrogen of Sir a neutron so hydrogen never had a neutron and then if you remove 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00653-00335800-00336337 its electron making it a positive ion all that's left is a proton support so H plus 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00654-00336337-00336729 calling it a hydrogen ion and calling it a proton. You're saying the same thing right 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00655-00336729-00337329 side step one, step two passing electrons from carrier to carrier along the chain releases 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00656-00337329-00337834 enough energy to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane and that's the key. We used always 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00657-00337834-00338399 electrons to pump hydrogen ions and then we'll see what the that the movement of these hydrogen 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00658-00338399-00339031 ions is actual creates energy but septic forget their oxygen except the electrons and combines 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00659-00339031-00339467 of hydrogens to form water, so the reason you, your metabolism will make them a 1 3/4 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00660-00339467-00339882 somewhere in the neighborhood of 2 cups of water to date and that's because oxygen is 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00661-00339882-00340356 called the final electron acceptor of our metabolism to take always electrons take some 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00662-00340356-00340920 of these hydrogens and you form water to your metabolism build water as part of its one 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00663-00340920-00341323 of its wheat products. Again we use. It's a useful waste product or maybe calling and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00664-00341323-00341868 product but here's the key. We moved all these hydrogen ions so they all have the same charge 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00665-00341868-00342218 and like strip help. They don't want to be by each other right, diffusion says that things 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00666-00342218-00342731 are going to move from was a lot of them to others, not so we have this buildup of hydrogen 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00667-00342731-00343195 ions that don't want to be around each other and other than that they want to they want 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00668-00343195-00343771 to come back into the inner mitochondrial space or intervenor compartment as you see 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00669-00343771-00344211 here, but your body set your your mitochondria to locate and come back in. But you have to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00670-00344211-00344617 come in through this turnstile you have to come in through this enzyme and that enzyme 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00671-00344617-00345182 is called ATP synthase Sony read step four them up with my spin on hydrogen ions flow 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00672-00345182-00345743 downhill from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration that's diffusion 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00673-00345743-00346303 through a special protein complex that powers the synthesis of ATP. Its name is ATP synthase 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00674-00346303-00346899 Ace tell us to an enzyme that synthesizes ATP and so, as these protons it's actually 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00675-00346899-00347509 like a turnstile as these protons flow through ATP synthase it spends in the spinning of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00676-00347509-00348035 this of this protein complex. This enzyme is what generates the energy needed to turn 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00677-00348035-00348600 eight to take ADP and add 1/3 phosphate to it to generate ATP. So if the movement of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00678-00348600-00349155 these protons that spins the ATP synthase enzyme that generates energy soap. This is 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00679-00349155-00349674 an odd right think about him at winter in the spinning of the blades of the wind turbine 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00680-00349674-00350352 generates energy to that that can recharge these batteries think about steam the nuclear 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00681-00350352-00350832 power plant is basically a steam driven turbine system right, it's a it's us it's a steam 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00682-00350832-00351286 driven turbine with one really dangerous room in that dangerous room has rave act material 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00683-00351286-00351865 in it that supersedes the water to generate the steam to spin the blades hydrolytic dams 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00684-00351865-00352369 to water flowing down the stamps spins turbines to generate energy. So we see it all around 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00685-00352369-00352944 us. The spend the spinning motion can generate energy that we need less is happening here. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00686-00352944-00353389 Hydrogen ions are plugged. Protons flow through spend spend spend that spinning generates 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00687-00353389-00354132 energy needed to turn ADP into ATP. ATP then goes and does its job becomes ADP again and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00688-00354132-00354914 comes back to get recharged. I know it's Norse implication but it's the best I can write 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00689-00354914-00355403 so the kcal's are kilocalories or calories per gram see revealed to Wise fat worth 9 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00690-00355403-00355951 cal per gram glucose is only worth for her cards only for because we have more hydrocarbons 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00691-00355951-00356454 to work with and also there's less oxygen so you can cram you. You can cram the goalies 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00692-00356454-00356945 actions over here oxygen action. Action is that there's very this one on the end so options 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00693-00356945-00357545 really big so you can cram as many hydrogen carbons onto it into a gram of carbs like 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00694-00357545-00358172 you can fatso fat is worth 9 cal per gram, carbs and protein or were for alcohols were 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00695-00358172-00359152 seven, middle okay for switching gears feasting versus fast so we are to mention a few things 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00696-00359152-00359683 here, but the causal feasting when you have excess energy your metabolism favors affirmation, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00697-00359683-00360113 no, no doubt about it, regardless of excess from protein, fat or carbs, your body can 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00698-00360113-00360648 turn protein, carbs, fat or alcohol into fat. So if you have excess energy and you don't 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00699-00360648-00361198 need it to your body heal your your body will use whatever protein it can to build proteins. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00700-00361198-00361638 It'll use whatever carbs he can to fill your glycogen stores and be your use for fuel. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00701-00361638-00362166 It'll use fat for fuel, but then whatever is left over can become fact that's how your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00702-00362166-00362740 botnets. I your body stores excess energy field next to talk about that depends on your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00703-00362740-00363148 activity and what kind of things you should be doing. I went to the body's energy is all 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00704-00363148-00363552 the time. It's like I was as a your your body is always eating that your body is either 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00705-00363552-00363936 digesting the food you a little bit ago. Chris digesting the stored energy that you a long 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00706-00363936-00364379 time ago right is digesting the doughnut that's been on your hips for eight years. That's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00707-00364379-00364935 your body is always needing energy and always using will cover this more in the next chapter, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00708-00364935-00365405 but only read this point cells are working all the time even during sleep and relaxation. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00709-00365405-00365817 This represents about two thirds of your total energy expended each day. It's called your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00710-00365817-00366392 basal metabolic rate, so most of the energy you're in a burn today is just to be keeping 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00711-00366392-00366888 you alive refuse laid flat in your bed for 24 hours. That would be your basal metabolic 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00712-00366888-00367392 rate to be about two thirds of total energy expenditure for most people. If you're in 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00713-00367392-00367728 it. If you're an athlete training six hours a day that that percentage will be different 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00714-00367728-00368303 right to the transition from feasting to fasting. So after a meal is that that the energy in 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00715-00368303-00368692 them in the food that you ate the glucose in the fat are going to be brought to your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00716-00368692-00369332 body. Use some in your store. The rest sets to be in that fed state after you eat fasting 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00717-00369332-00369729 so fasting is when someone chooses not to eat of starvation occurs when they have no 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00718-00369729-00370089 choice. That's the big difference right images is basically a starvation diet is really a 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00719-00370089-00370654 fasting diet because your choosing not the could be in an intimate fasting to fasting 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00720-00370654-00371031 protocols are getting are getting very popular. Personally, I think that time are sick at 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00721-00371031-00371537 feeding them. And fasting can really good for some people the magic about it, but it 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00722-00371537-00371888 does help some people control their caloric intake. So in the end. If you're trying to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00723-00371888-00372394 lose fat. You have to be in a court deficit and if a fasting protocol help you do that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00724-00372394-00372955 then the more power to you as long as you being safe I the bite is not a single penny 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00725-00372955-00373288 states again, your body doesn't you know it at the cellular level. It doesn't care if 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00726-00373288-00373725 you're purposely not eating or you can't eat because original food when energy is needed. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00727-00373725-00374136 Your body draws on stores of fat glycogen. So remember you got you got several hundred 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00728-00374136-00374605 calories of of carbs are stored in your body is glycogen in your muscles and your liver 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00729-00374605-00375061 of the lit liver glycogen can be released into your bloodstream to to to help fuel your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00730-00375061-00375645 entire body. Muscle glycogen can only be used by those muscles bodyfat we have almost infinite 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00731-00375645-00376280 storage capacity for energy is fat 1 pound of fat is worth up in the ballpark of 3500 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00732-00376280-00376831 cal. Here we see feasting versus fasting what happens. So feasting will start stop when 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00733-00376831-00377282 a person eats in excess of energy needs, the body stores a small amount of glycogen and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00734-00377282-00377696 much larger quays of fat you can don't know why is that you can only store so much like 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00735-00377696-00378134 you, it's because glucose brings with it a bunch of water is what super happy but if 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00736-00378134-00378766 you are to be if you're in a be backpacking through Yellowstone you wouldn't bring big 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00737-00378766-00379288 heavy foods right you would bring like electing a can't canned soup right because you all 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00738-00379288-00379709 that water in there see a big heavy cans of soup that's glycogen you can't store very 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00739-00379709-00380119 much glucose is glycogen because of so much water in it. Would you bring you bring like 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00740-00380119-00380613 dehydrated packets of food that you could have water to later and that would be that's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00741-00380613-00381082 bodyfat bodyfat doesn't have all this water with it so you can store's a pound of fat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00742-00381082-00381627 stores 3500 cal. That's, that's probably twice the glycogen you have stored in your entire 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00743-00381627-00382220 body in a single pound of fat to store a little bit of glucose as glycogen. After that you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00744-00382220-00382727 start turning things in the fat so you see the CC their protein by just two amino acids 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00745-00382727-00383195 in your use for body proteins are turned in the fat of fat can use refueling turn in a 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00746-00383195-00383856 fat carbs turn the glycogen or or turn. In fact, that's when you feasting some your fasting 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00747-00383856-00384282 when nutrients from Ila no longer available to provide energy about 2 to 3 hours after 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00748-00384282-00384803 a meal. The body draws on the glycogen and fat fat stores for energy, so your liver glycogen 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00749-00384803-00385217 to keep your blood sugar stable. Your muscle glycogen can feel your muscles and your body 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00750-00385217-00385716 fat can be the energy for most of you things you need again depending on activity right 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00751-00385716-00386104 if you're in a beast sprinting in your body fat is and help you as much because you need 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00752-00386104-00386659 more glucose for that I see fasting beyond glycogen depletion. Let's say you're going 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00753-00386659-00387206 a longer fast as glycogen stores dwindled after about 24 hours of starvation are fasting, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00754-00387206-00387714 the body begins to break down its proteins muscle lean tissue two amino acids to synthesize 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00755-00387714-00388142 glucose needs for the brain and the nervous system energy. In addition, the liver converts 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00756-00388142-00388588 fasting ketone bodies which serve as an alternative energy source for the brain, thus slowing 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00757-00388588-00388978 the breakdown of body protein, so how much protein you can lose if you want a fast. That's 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00758-00388978-00389372 excellent for question there, but the real answer is how much body fat you have rights 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00759-00389372-00389801 of the symbols would look at it this is based on the other Minnesota semi starvation or 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00760-00389801-00390234 starvation studies that that were done a long time ago but don't a pound of fat can release 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00761-00390234-00390803 about 30 cal of energy when so if you're if you have 100 pounds of fat in your body that 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00762-00390803-00391284 means with 100×30 that you should you, your body could be should be older. Release 3000 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00763-00391284-00391832 cal a day of fat energy. So if you're 100 pounds overweight and you don't need for 24 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00764-00391832-00392426 hours. You shouldn't really lose much lean tissue, if any at all, but it be of small 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00765-00392426-00393047 small amount. Now if you're at if you're it 6% bodyfat 25 5% bodyfat you only have a few 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00766-00393047-00393428 pounds of fat on your body that yet you're in a little hot lean tissue. When you went 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00767-00393428-00393964 when you fast, so, so, how much lean tissue cc your body. Proteins broken down for fuel 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00768-00393964-00394377 how much of that actually happens depends on how much fat you have and how readily you 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00769-00394377-00394793 can write down the fat for fuel. Because remember, if you're breaking down a bunch of fat for 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00770-00394793-00395504 fuel. You have all that glycerol that can become glucose, so you mean I of I get like 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00771-00395504-00395943 Texas cans in a given metabolic rate tests and also to cool things because I've lost 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00772-00395943-00396509 on weight and and in the my last two scans are six months apart and actually lost 37 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00773-00396509-00397057 pounds of fat and gain six town pounds of lean tissue by looking at the DEXA skin. So 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00774-00397057-00397531 if you have enough fat on your body you you you can possibly you can even gain lean tissue 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00775-00397531-00397960 alone not lose it, but it will. That's right so it depends on how long your fasting how 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00776-00397960-00398408 big the deficit is how much fat you have. There's lots of things that go into play here, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00777-00398408-00398869 but you don't, you know, but if your and another other things to like if you're exercising 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00778-00398869-00399267 if you're exercising your body will preserve muscle because it needs it right. So if you're 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00779-00399267-00399710 in a if you're not on real if you're on a crash diet and you're already lean and you're 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00780-00399710-00400201 not exercising over half the weight you lose could be fat could be muscle commuting teachers 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00781-00400201-00400656 are not muscle lean tissue because your organs are trying to stuff to you got plenty of fat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00782-00400656-00401083 to lose your exercising your strength training you're being smart about your dieting. You 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00783-00401083-00401511 can you can get to the point we are not losing anything tissue or losing just minuscule amounts 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00784-00401511-00402009 you lose some lean tissue. But if you if you lose 100 pounds you're lose some muscle because 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00785-00402009-00402358 you're carrying 100 less pounds around so your muscles you don't need as much muscle 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00786-00402358-00402906 really, but tough to get less of those are video on that one topic is pretty interesting 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00787-00402906-00403273 but yes, the longer your fasting the less that you have on your body. The more your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00788-00403273-00403829 body will have to rely on protein as a fuel source. No doubt about that. Okay so fasting 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00789-00403829-00404260 leads to inadequate energy glucose and fatty acids are broken down into acetyl Co. way, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00790-00404260-00404719 which enter the energy pathway. After several hours of fasting. Liver glycogen depletes 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00791-00404719-00405298 as a result, blood glucose levels will drop sets and rely on gluconeogenesis so gluconeogenesis 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00792-00405298-00405858 is the making of glucose from non-carbohydrate and this is why I think that how much fat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00793-00405858-00406304 your burning and how much glycerol you have available will determine how much amino acids 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00794-00406304-00406809 need to be broken, number fuel that's also wife your if you're on a diet that's not gonna 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00795-00406809-00407297 really rely on carbohydrates, you should be on a moderate moderate to higher protein intake 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00796-00407297-00407691 because in your body can use those protein for fuel tool is another way to preserve lean 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00797-00407691-00408180 mass when you're on a diet is to consume more protein. Let your body burn the proteins your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00798-00408180-00408768 eating for fuel, not the proteins that are in your muscles. I adaptation creating an 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00799-00408768-00409195 alternative fuel. This is the idea of Kiki to Dennis Kita Genesis or ketosis or connect 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00800-00409195-00409641 diets. So, you're so parts of your nervous system and you're red blood cells need glucose. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00801-00409641-00410193 That's why we have an RDA of 130 g per day, so your your your body can't but there are 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00802-00410193-00410556 alternate fuel sources red blood cells always need glucose you're always gonna need some 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00803-00410556-00410954 glucose whether your weather eating it your body is making it. You needed to fuel your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00804-00410954-00411387 red blood cells that the cells of your nervous system. Though they can rely on lactate and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00805-00411387-00412025 ketones. Other fuel sources. That's a ketones really all are your but yet. Your brain can't 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00806-00412025-00412402 your brain can't just burn fat for fuel, like other parts your body so Richard duck what 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00807-00412402-00412787 your body does when blood glucose levels are running low your liver says okay we have to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00808-00412787-00413362 feed the brain to your liver makes ketones ketones go to the brain and and fuel them 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00809-00413362-00413800 so that this idea of an alternative fuel, so use that to fuel the brain that's a ketone 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00810-00413800-00414260 bodies do of it slows the rate of body protein break and gets an alternate fuel source, and 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00811-00414260-00414647 I like to consider it a macronutrient is one that your body makes. So, since you have sent 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00812-00414647-00415092 your body can burn ketones for fuel your brain can burn ketones for fuel, it won't have to 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00813-00415092-00415629 turn protein into glucose to burn for fuel and ketosis induces appetite loss means, in 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00814-00415629-00415975 some people and many people all that's why you people to go on a ketogenic diets. They 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00815-00415975-00416589 often don't feel as hungry and that Mike might be what leads to some of the weight loss okay 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00816-00416589-00416960 and then I will cover this more in the next chapter, but adaptation conserving energy. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00817-00416960-00417358 So if you're in a fast if your fasting if you're not eating as much of your on a diet 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00818-00417358-00417799 that means you're changing the calories inside of the equation to your body will respond 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00819-00417799-00418260 by changing the calories out side of the equation. You will burn less energy so hormone levels 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00820-00418260-00418728 will change. So it's maybe your thyroid hormone levels will drop and things like that your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00821-00418728-00419154 your brain will will ask you to move less and that so that's why you see a reduced energy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00822-00419154-00419533 output of the biggest change there will cover this in the next chapter. But the biggest 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00823-00419533-00420038 changes in what's called neat or non-exercise activity thermogenesis so you're on a diet, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00824-00420038-00420374 you're just like I just want to sit back at this. I want to rest. I want to lie down right 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00825-00420374-00420872 I want a not motivated to get up and move. You're just been like motivated get move less, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00826-00420872-00421247 I should feel most the time when you value fuel sources when you're on a diet through 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00827-00421247-00421741 me less and less likely to do that to your bodies to look for ways to reduce energy output 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00828-00421741-00422135 your metabolic rate will drop some, but it does appear that the biggest way. Your body 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00829-00422135-00422616 does this is by asking you not to move as much. So, the biggest change to view want 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00830-00422616-00423150 to keep a really strict diet your energy expenditure is going to drop but it must most of it isn't 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00831-00423150-00423726 your basal metabolic rate changing most of it is is going to be changes in in nonexercise 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00832-00423726-00424195 activity thermogenesis or in a fidget less right you, your moving efficient and efficient 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00833-00424195-00424587 last you're gonna want to sit more than you stand. Things like that. I noticed that like 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00834-00424587-00424993 when I'm teaching in the classroom almost always up and moving. But when I've been on 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00835-00424993-00425596 a diet for a while. I'll notice the urge to sit the normally don't have right normally 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00836-00425596-00426133 I love pacing the sea of even moving a lot when I sit here, but I love pacing when I'm 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00837-00426133-00426593 teaching, but if I'm on a diet. My brains, I canvas easy chair right there. I went when 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00838-00426593-00427085 I sit in it so that's that's one of the ways you reduce energy output fasting. I like is 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00839-00427085-00427471 when your fasting supports weight loss but not best option for fat loss eat again. The 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00840-00427471-00428007 two separate things right if you are if you if you want to lose fat. You have to do different 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00841-00428007-00428358 things. If you want to lose weight if you want to lose weight to starve yourself, but 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00842-00428358-00428807 you will lose lean tissue. If you want to lose fat be smart about your diet lose weight 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00843-00428807-00429310 slowly maybe half to 1% your body weight in week strength training as much as you can 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00844-00429310-00429695 to tell your body to send signals to your body to keep your lean tissue. Instead of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00845-00429695-00430150 using it is fuel. Although things to be true and of course you're starving yourself of 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00846-00430150-00430581 it, that your gut you, you can be irritable and and tired and super hungry. Of course, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00847-00430581-00431035 and all those types of things. Some people will say fasting actually helps them feel 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00848-00431035-00431385 better. A lot of people like ketogenic diets and doing different types of fast because 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00849-00431385-00431825 of mental clarity. I mean this goes back to the different religions and philosophers all 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00850-00431825-00432333 sorts of people believed in this idea and the reason for that is if you are if you are 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00851-00432333-00432785 fasting your your brain you will have more norepinephrine your brain's norepinephrine 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00852-00432785-00433264 is noradrenaline arts related to its cousin, which is adrenaline and norepinephrine. The 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00853-00433264-00433643 brain does help with focus sorta makes sense right. People talk about fasting and they 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00854-00433643-00434314 think you just want to know curl up in a ball and I but if you can't find food you need 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00855-00434314-00434671 to be motivated to find food or you will die. So you actually see. You might see an increase 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00856-00434671-00435147 in mental clarity because our hunter gatherer ancestors would've use that state to find 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00857-00435147-00435629 food or not become the great soap disc. Interesting thing about but may will do us a video on 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00858-00435629-00436270 that someday I so low carb diets. They they certainly can be affected. They have they 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00859-00436270-00436667 been shown in studies it when you match them for calories in and protein intake there just 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00860-00436667-00437057 as effective. Other diets for losing weight is like magic about them. But if it in one 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00861-00437057-00437421 of the reasons I think low carb diets work so well for most people is they are restrictive 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00862-00437421-00437818 right they did it by removing foods that have a lot of carbs, especially your processor 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00863-00437818-00438263 find cards carbs relook removing a lot of junk food and it isn't just foods that have 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00864-00438263-00438778 Cartwright if your and you're not eating pizza and cookie and cookies and cakes uniting those 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00865-00438778-00439342 cards, which are also making the fat and the calories so that that's why they seem to work. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00866-00439342-00439753 You can read some of these here, but you know potentially a low-carb a low fiber, low carb 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00867-00439753-00440043 diet would lead to constipation severe mental low carb diet. You should still be getting 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00868-00440043-00440546 five or somewhere they lead to a drop in blood pressure because you do actually the produce 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00869-00440546-00440881 you're more urine. So if you're going that's a good thing if I blood pressure, though, 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00870-00440881-00441212 but if you're on low-carb diet. You should be drinking more water and you should be getting 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00871-00441212-00441739 more electrolytes to make sure your for your fluid balance stays good. You can meet certainly 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00872-00441739-00442189 be tired. As your body adapts to low-carb diets, no doubt about that of elevated uric 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00873-00442189-00442481 acid this of you because you're if you're consuming more animal proteins and things 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00874-00442481-00443017 like that to your gas it might go up, but to him it may not because of one of the best 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00875-00443017-00443427 ways to raise your gas in your body not saying you want to is consuming fructose. So if you're 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00876-00443427-00443772 on a low-carb diet you remove sugar and you remove your biggest source of fructose as 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00877-00443772-00444306 well that the change in your breath. That's ketones so ketones are it smells like juicy 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00878-00444306-00444666 fruit gum would be how I would describe it are some who would describe it is maybe like 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00879-00444666-00445103 paint thinner or something but it's actually ketones being lost in your breath, and then 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00880-00445103-00445446 you died. I definitely recommend I'm really strict low-carb diets people that are pregnant. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00881-00445446-00446137 I don't recommend really any any alternative diets. We were pregnant pregnant women when 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00882-00446137-00446656 there. I acknowledge check number three and see if you know these of gluconeogenesis. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00883-00446656-00447059 That's whenever you turn a non-carbohydrate into a carbohydrate. So here is the new Google 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00884-00447059-00447639 ghosting made from amino acids. But glycerol can also make with us glycogen and protein 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00885-00447639-00447957 breakdown increases your production server just remember when you're breaking proteins 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00886-00447957-00448397 down for fuel got to do with the nitrogen that's can become ammonia that become urea. 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00887-00448397-00448857 This can be lost in your urine severe on a higher protein diet or a ketogenic diet issue 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00888-00448857-00449447 drinking more water ketones is an alternate fuel source, so your but your body turns fat 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00889-00449447-00449962 into ketones. Your brain can use them primarily and glycogen is used for snow doubt of low 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00890-00449962-00450399 carbohydrate diets reflect a similar metabolism to a fasting state. I would be without protein 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00891-00450399-00450876 from body tissues can be use are used. It even if protein intake from diet is sufficient 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00892-00450876-00451322 back of glucose and incomplete fat breakdown causes key to formation ketones being the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00893-00451322-00451883 fuel for the brain. Okay we made it, not less is an over not of the lesson is over. You 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00894-00451883-00452349 should learn to identify the nutrients involved in energy metabolism and the high energy compounds 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00895-00452349-00452820 that capture the energy we talked about that ATP Inlet summarize the main steps in the 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00896-00452820-00453351 energy metabolism of glucose, glycerol, fatty acids and amino acids check explain how nexus 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00897-00453351-00453856 of any of these three energy yielding nutrients can trips to body fat. Check in on it adequate 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00898-00453856-00454347 intake of any of them shift your metabolism, especially a low-carb diets okay. Lotta stuff 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00899-00454347-00454727 here. I get it. If you know that this there a lot of really good you see things in your 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00900-00454727-00455149 two but just remember I have an entire metabolism playlist if you want to go back to the stuff 6Ifzd_gA9BY-00901-00455149-00455517 and little more detail. I hope this helps have one leg be 6LoyL4lgj_8-00000-00000000-00000200 PRINTING & DESIGN 6LoyL4lgj_8-00001-00000200-00000400 LOCATED NAIROBI CBD 6MIHIPv5BbU-00000-00000058-00000666 Hi there, guys. Gerdi here, Dare Greatly Coach. I work with women just 6MIHIPv5BbU-00001-00000666-00001224 like you successful but unhappy in your career, under a mountain of stress. Always 6MIHIPv5BbU-00002-00001224-00001760 working and sick and tired of being tired all the time. Of not living a real 6MIHIPv5BbU-00003-00001760-00002367 life anymore. And what I do is I guide you back, I help you back to the point in 6MIHIPv5BbU-00004-00002367-00002892 in your life where you can live your own life again. Where you get out from under 6MIHIPv5BbU-00005-00002892-00003309 a mountain of stress, design your own life map and start blazing your own 6MIHIPv5BbU-00006-00003309-00004079 trail again. Now I have found that many of my clients want this change from 6MIHIPv5BbU-00007-00004079-00004521 where they are now in their lives to live in their own life again... They want 6MIHIPv5BbU-00008-00004521-00005064 that change to happen overnight and that's unfortunately for most of us not 6MIHIPv5BbU-00009-00005064-00005694 how it works. What happens usually is that it is small steps. You take one step 6MIHIPv5BbU-00010-00005694-00006237 at a time and gradually you get back on track. You get back to that trail that 6MIHIPv5BbU-00011-00006237-00006865 you want to blaze in life. That life that you want to live. It's sort of like 6MIHIPv5BbU-00012-00006865-00007290 taking up the violin. There's only very few people - and I don't think I've ever 6MIHIPv5BbU-00013-00007290-00007677 heard of somebody who can take up a violin never having seen such an 6MIHIPv5BbU-00014-00007677-00008170 instrument or ever having touched such an instrument and start playing on it. 6MIHIPv5BbU-00015-00008170-00008727 Most of most people who take up the violin will have to take a lot of 6MIHIPv5BbU-00016-00008727-00009486 lessons and gradually get better at it. Iit is similar with making changes in 6MIHIPv5BbU-00017-00009486-00010074 your life. You probably have been living your life a certain way for such a long 6MIHIPv5BbU-00018-00010074-00010554 time that a lot of the behaviors that you...., that got you where you are now, are 6MIHIPv5BbU-00019-00010554-00010974 ingrained in you. You don't think of them, about them anymore. You don't do them 6MIHIPv5BbU-00020-00010974-00011604 consciously. You just do them. And when you start making changes you will find 6MIHIPv5BbU-00021-00011604-00012414 that - at the beginning especially - you will fall back into old behaviour. You 6MIHIPv5BbU-00022-00012414-00013206 need practice to learn this...., this new thing or relearn that old thing of 6MIHIPv5BbU-00023-00013206-00013629 living your own life. You can also compare it to..., If you've 6MIHIPv5BbU-00024-00013629-00014262 ever played sports, you can compare it to changing your technique when you play 6MIHIPv5BbU-00025-00014262-00014963 tennis or golf or soccer or American football or whatever your sport is. I 6MIHIPv5BbU-00026-00014963-00015528 used to play tennis and I remember when I had to change something about my 6MIHIPv5BbU-00027-00015528-00016161 backhand, for example the grip or the way I swung my racket, it would be fine 6MIHIPv5BbU-00028-00016161-00016605 during training when I was consciously working on it. And then when I played a 6MIHIPv5BbU-00029-00016605-00016953 match I would fall back into my old backhand which wasn't really working for 6MIHIPv5BbU-00030-00016953-00017514 me. When I then looked at what I had been doing and when I analysed why it 6MIHIPv5BbU-00031-00017514-00017994 didn't work, I realised that I had slipped back into my old technique. So 6MIHIPv5BbU-00032-00017994-00018510 the next time I played a match I was a bit more conscious and my backhand would 6MIHIPv5BbU-00033-00018510-00018920 be a little bit better. Then it would fall back again into my old technique. 6MIHIPv5BbU-00034-00018920-00019578 Same happens to me with skiing. I have learned how to ski in the olden 6MIHIPv5BbU-00035-00019578-00019959 days, when skis were still very straight and you had to ski with your knees 6MIHIPv5BbU-00036-00019959-00020952 together. And these days with the carve skis or the the skis that we have now, you 6MIHIPv5BbU-00037-00020952-00021384 have to ski with your legs apart. And even now when it gets more difficult or 6MIHIPv5BbU-00038-00021384-00022173 when I'm not..., when I have to stretch my abilities, my knees come together and I 6MIHIPv5BbU-00039-00022173-00022716 ski in the old fashioned way. Even though I'm a ski instructor myself and 6MIHIPv5BbU-00040-00022716-00023322 know how to do it . After all these years every now and again I fall 6MIHIPv5BbU-00041-00023322-00024108 back into all technique. That's how it is when you start making changes in your 6MIHIPv5BbU-00042-00024108-00024770 life as well. Especially when you've been going at it for a while.Nnot at the 6MIHIPv5BbU-00043-00024770-00025245 making changes, but at life. And make no mistake after 10 years in living a 6MIHIPv5BbU-00044-00025245-00025845 certain way behavior is ingrained. So it's not just after 20 or 30 years. It's.... 6MIHIPv5BbU-00045-00025845-00026613 Wou don't need that much time to have it ingrained in you. So when you want to 6MIHIPv5BbU-00046-00026613-00027027 change the way you live your life, start by first of all...., start by making 6MIHIPv5BbU-00047-00027027-00027361 small changes. Once you've figured out how you want to live your life start by 6MIHIPv5BbU-00048-00027361-00028027 making small changes. Take one, pick one. As if you're working on your technique 6MIHIPv5BbU-00049-00028027-00028647 in a certain sport or when you play an instrument and start practising that 6MIHIPv5BbU-00050-00028647-00029145 one. You'll find you fall back into all behaviour every now and again. Especially 6MIHIPv5BbU-00051-00029145-00029622 around loved ones because they know which buttons to push. And before you 6MIHIPv5BbU-00052-00029622-00030063 know it you do something the way you've always done it. Even though you want to...., 6MIHIPv5BbU-00053-00030063-00030568 you've decided to do it differently. And when you find that you're in old 6MIHIPv5BbU-00054-00030568-00031464 behavior or that certain alarm bells for you are ringing analyze what you're 6MIHIPv5BbU-00055-00031464-00031930 doing and you'll..., you'll figure it out. You'll find what what you did differently than 6MIHIPv5BbU-00056-00031930-00032599 you wanted it to do... wanted to do it and when you do that the difference now is 6MIHIPv5BbU-00057-00032599-00033291 is that you're conscious of what you did. And that you're conscious of not doing 6MIHIPv5BbU-00058-00033291-00033802 what you had set out to do. That means when you're conscious... that means 6MIHIPv5BbU-00059-00033802-00034438 that you can react, respond differently the next time around. It'll get 6MIHIPv5BbU-00060-00034438-00035088 better and at one point...., at some point in time you will find that you don't 6MIHIPv5BbU-00061-00035088-00035809 have to think about it anymore; that you simply have made that new behaviour that 6MIHIPv5BbU-00062-00035809-00036574 you were trying to make your own, have actually made that your own and that's 6MIHIPv5BbU-00063-00036574-00037438 now your default behaviour. So changing your life in my experience is not 6MIHIPv5BbU-00064-00037438-00038062 something that happens overnight. Unless there's some dramatic event for most of 6MIHIPv5BbU-00065-00038062-00038691 us ,for you likely it's not going to be an over night event .iI is a slow process 6MIHIPv5BbU-00066-00038691-00039231 or it is a at least a process of small changes .So don't despair. 6MIHIPv5BbU-00067-00039231-00039690 Don't despair when you find yourself falling back into old behaviour. That's 6MIHIPv5BbU-00068-00039690-00040168 perfectly normal. That's perfectly fine. Just acknowledge 6MIHIPv5BbU-00069-00040168-00040791 the fact that it's happening. Acknowledge the fact that you're conscious and get 6MIHIPv5BbU-00070-00040791-00041490 up and do it over. You get it. I know you will. As always.... Go dare greatly 6MIHIPv5BbU-00071-00041490-00041756 Bye, bye! 6NdVv6NlcMy-00000-00000684-00000900 Welcome to our 'Greeny Inbetweeny'. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00001-00000948-00001148 That's how we decided to call our van. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00002-00001196-00001636 It means that this is our temporary house on wheels. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00003-00001652-00001823 Very movable to visit places. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00004-00001860-00002264 But eventually we want to settle in a permanent place. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00005-00002356-00002636 We made a bed that we can collapse to the side. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00006-00002668-00002748 There we go. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00007-00003528-00003628 Our morning flow! 6NdVv6NlcMy-00008-00003696-00004011 Because during the day we sometimes have a siesta... 6NdVv6NlcMy-00009-00004036-00004480 ...the bed is always partly usable to lie down. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00010-00004508-00004608 Sleep well. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00011-00004632-00004784 To expand the bed... 6NdVv6NlcMy-00012-00004872-00005116 ...we use a very simple system. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00013-00005192-00005372 With some wooden bars. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00014-00005384-00005656 And the bed base rests on top. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00015-00005704-00005860 It's coffee time! 6NdVv6NlcMy-00016-00006008-00006196 This is our water storage tank. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00017-00006448-00006548 Our small kitchen. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00018-00006576-00006864 Our gas cylinder, now lasting already 2.5 months. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00019-00006872-00007192 We also have a little barrel here. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00020-00007236-00007336 For emergencies. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00021-00007536-00007784 You can't even get it out! 6NdVv6NlcMy-00022-00007808-00008048 Our barrel. For emergencies. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00023-00008072-00008224 If you need to pee at night. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00024-00008276-00008544 Little pockets for... 6NdVv6NlcMy-00025-00008576-00009080 ...utensils like chopping boards. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00026-00009092-00009220 Coffee. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00027-00009472-00009916 If I want to drink coffee in the 'living room'... 6NdVv6NlcMy-00028-00009952-00010236 I pull this lever here on the side. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00029-00010400-00010588 Ahh. Great coffee. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00030-00010608-00010844 And how do we take our clothes? 6NdVv6NlcMy-00031-00010888-00011048 Well we have... 6NdVv6NlcMy-00032-00011160-00011748 A problem with this van is that I can't stand up staight in it. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00033-00011776-00012008 We thought that would be alright. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00034-00012036-00012272 But it turns out to be rather annoying. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00035-00012304-00012800 Anyway. We were thinking about how to create more storage space in a simple way. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00036-00012819-00013291 In an outdoor store we found these 'shoe organizers' 6NdVv6NlcMy-00037-00013319-00013724 Apparently some people go camping with 6 pairs of shoes. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00038-00013736-00014116 We thought we could use it for storing clothes instead. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00039-00014144-00014400 And it can be closed properly. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00040-00014668-00014824 Now it looks like a tidy van! 6NdVv6NlcMy-00041-00014863-00015028 Here is some hidden mosquito nets. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00042-00015688-00015908 It does fit if you do it properly. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00043-00015952-00016168 Another special place.... 6NdVv6NlcMy-00044-00016256-00016356 ...is hidden! 6NdVv6NlcMy-00045-00016368-00016660 This contains our second home... 6NdVv6NlcMy-00046-00016724-00016904 It's my lovely tent! 6NdVv6NlcMy-00047-00016928-00017296 If I'm tired of Oscar I can go camping. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00048-00017436-00017588 These are our curtains. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00049-00017656-00017912 Made by Hilde's mom. So nice. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00050-00018020-00018248 I designed the wall mount. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00051-00018300-00018520 The best feature is... 6NdVv6NlcMy-00052-00018624-00018912 ...that the curtains attach at the bottom... 6NdVv6NlcMy-00053-00019024-00019124 ...with little magnets. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00054-00019168-00019704 As you can see I'm able to stand upright and do yoga inside. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00055-00019988-00020388 Hello, welcome to the roof of our van. Here we have the solar panels. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00056-00020428-00020604 We are very happy with these panels. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00057-00020616-00021112 We got great installation advice from Independent Solar Solutions. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00058-00021144-00021828 One of the main reasons we have solar panels is to be able to make a mobile office. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00059-00022260-00022464 The table fits exactly in the aisle. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00060-00022552-00023048 I'm ready here. The laptop is being charged right now. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00061-00023120-00023400 So I'm ready for a working day. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00062-00023416-00023840 I always have to persuade Hilde to work on the computer, because she doesn't like it so much. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00063-00023876-00023976 What does she like then? 6NdVv6NlcMy-00064-00024028-00024448 Hilde prefers to be in the garden with the flowers and bees. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00065-00024472-00024696 Thank you for watching our van tour. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00066-00024732-00024944 We enjoyed making it. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00067-00024972-00025352 It became a big tour despite it being a small house. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00068-00025384-00026212 If you have questions or comments about our conversion, we love to hear from you. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00069-00026248-00026848 We are also happy to answer questions about our life together as a couple in the van. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00070-00026868-00027027 It's an adventure in itsself. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00071-00027072-00027316 Not always easy, but we learn a lot! 6NdVv6NlcMy-00072-00027339-00027688 For us it's time to put some food in the belly. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00073-00027724-00028039 And for you guys it's time to shut your computer, and go outside. 6NdVv6NlcMy-00074-00028064-00028232 See you next time. Bye 6NyozTXgwCQ-00000-00000000-00000343 A two-hour boat ride from Colombia takes you to an island, 6NyozTXgwCQ-00001-00000363-00000654 the most densely populated island in the world. 6NyozTXgwCQ-00002-00000677-00001143 The island of Santa Cruz del Isolote has a population of 1,200. 6NyozTXgwCQ-00003-00001176-00001471 You should remember that this island is the size of two football fields. 6NyozTXgwCQ-00004-00001522-00001653 The island is small but has 6NyozTXgwCQ-00005-00001653-00001834 a school that teaches up to 10th grade, 6NyozTXgwCQ-00006-00001834-00002074 two shops and a restaurant. 6NyozTXgwCQ-00007-00002100-00002478 Water and electricity are minor problems but none of them is a problem for the residents. 6NyozTXgwCQ-00008-00002505-00003017 The island is powered by a generator that runs from 9 am to 5 pm. 6NyozTXgwCQ-00009-00003045-00003356 There is no police here as people know each other. 6NyozTXgwCQ-00010-00003414-00003791 Fishermen migrated here 150 years ago and 6NyozTXgwCQ-00011-00003809-00004081 now, most of the residents are their children and grandchildren. 6NyozTXgwCQ-00012-00004116-00004289 No matter what the problems, 6NyozTXgwCQ-00013-00004289-00004469 no matter what the temptations, 6NyozTXgwCQ-00014-00004469-00004764 everyone here will say that this is a paradise. 6NyozTXgwCQ-00015-00004800-00005166 I will come to you with another story next week and see you then. 6pMzrJb6lPu-00000-00000373-00000833 Good afternoon, you know almost daily in 6pMzrJb6lPu-00001-00000641-00001105 the news theres always a story about 6pMzrJb6lPu-00002-00000833-00001441 something with words "cyber" in it. Cyber 6pMzrJb6lPu-00003-00001105-00001579 and cyber war are bandied about and you 6pMzrJb6lPu-00004-00001441-00001807 know the the definitions change 6pMzrJb6lPu-00005-00001579-00001903 depending on who you are and where you 6pMzrJb6lPu-00006-00001807-00002171 might be located. 6pMzrJb6lPu-00007-00001903-00002495 Other challenges have to do with the 6pMzrJb6lPu-00008-00002171-00002752 technology behind it, governance, content 6pMzrJb6lPu-00009-00002495-00003005 availability, connectivity, and 6pMzrJb6lPu-00010-00002752-00003197 attribution of location of where 6pMzrJb6lPu-00011-00003005-00003368 something might be coming from. We've 6pMzrJb6lPu-00012-00003197-00003529 always referred to it as the world wide 6pMzrJb6lPu-00013-00003368-00003724 web but it's not uniform across 6pMzrJb6lPu-00014-00003529-00003973 boundaries. Different experiences occur 6pMzrJb6lPu-00015-00003724-00004183 depending on where you're accessing it. 6pMzrJb6lPu-00016-00003973-00004390 It's not just a simple tool for access 6pMzrJb6lPu-00017-00004183-00004564 to information anymore. It's created 6pMzrJb6lPu-00018-00004390-00004798 unique dangers and vulnerabilities. 6pMzrJb6lPu-00019-00004564-00004985 Countries can monitor their populations 6pMzrJb6lPu-00020-00004798-00005080 and possibly impact other nations on the 6pMzrJb6lPu-00021-00004985-00005312 global grid. 6pMzrJb6lPu-00022-00005080-00005567 It's a new domain for commerce, it's also 6pMzrJb6lPu-00023-00005312-00005707 a new domain for conflict. This class is 6pMzrJb6lPu-00024-00005567-00005930 designed to help you better understand 6pMzrJb6lPu-00025-00005707-00006169 the geography of both the issues and the 6pMzrJb6lPu-00026-00005930-00006169 dangers. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00000-00000022-00000595 AUJOURD'HUI LE 7 AVRIL 2023, LES FORCES ARMÉE DE LA FÉDÉRATION DE RUSSIE POURSUIT SON 6QqbI8KbmvA-00001-00000595-00000793 OPÉRATION MILITAIRE SPÉCIALE EN UKRAINE. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00002-00000793-00001208 Dans la direction Krasno-Limansky, des frappes d'avions d'assaut, des tirs d'artillerie et 6QqbI8KbmvA-00003-00001208-00001525 des actions actives d'unités du groupe de troupes "Centre" ont vaincu l'ennemi dans 6QqbI8KbmvA-00004-00001525-00001952 la région de la colonie de Terny de la République populaire de Donetsk. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00005-00001952-00002349 Les pertes de l'ennemi se sont élevées à plus de 50 militaires ukrainiens, deux véhicules 6QqbI8KbmvA-00006-00002349-00002803 de combat blindés, une camionnette, une monture d'artillerie automotrice Gvozdika et un obusier 6QqbI8KbmvA-00007-00002803-00002903 D-30. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00008-00002903-00003382 Dans la direction de Donetsk, à la suite des actions actives des unités du groupe 6QqbI8KbmvA-00009-00003382-00003790 de troupes "Sud" et des tirs d'artillerie, trois chars, un véhicule de combat d'infanterie, 6QqbI8KbmvA-00010-00003790-00004240 trois véhicules de combat blindés, huit véhicules, une monture d'artillerie automotrice 6QqbI8KbmvA-00011-00004240-00004596 Gvozdika , MSTA-B et D-20, ainsi qu'environ 260 militaires ukrainiens. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00012-00004596-00005137 Dans les directions Sud-Donetsk et Zaporozhye, les frappes aériennes et les tirs d'artillerie 6QqbI8KbmvA-00013-00005137-00005542 du groupe de forces Vostok ont ​​infligé une défaite aux unités des Forces armées 6QqbI8KbmvA-00014-00005542-00005951 ukrainiennes dans les zones des colonies de Novomikhailovka et de Vugledar de la République 6QqbI8KbmvA-00015-00005951-00006143 populaire de Donetsk. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00016-00006143-00006461 Les pertes ennemies par jour dans ces zones s'élevaient à 20 militaires ukrainiens, 6QqbI8KbmvA-00017-00006461-00006631 deux camionnettes et un obusier D-20. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00018-00006631-00007154 Dans la direction de Kherson, 14 militaires ukrainiens, deux véhicules, deux supports 6QqbI8KbmvA-00019-00007154-00007579 d'artillerie automoteurs Gvozdika et un support d'artillerie automoteur Akatsiya ont été 6QqbI8KbmvA-00020-00007579-00007856 détruits au cours d'une journée de dégâts par le feu. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00021-00007856-00008205 L'aviation opérationnelle et tactique, les troupes de missiles et l'artillerie des groupes 6QqbI8KbmvA-00022-00008205-00008618 de troupes (forces) des Forces armées de la Fédération de Russie ont vaincu 86 unités 6QqbI8KbmvA-00023-00008618-00008945 d'artillerie des Forces armées ukrainiennes sur des positions de tir, des effectifs et 6QqbI8KbmvA-00024-00008945-00009118 du matériel dans 102 districts. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00025-00009118-00009794 Dans la zone de la colonie de Novoberislav, région de Kherson, le poste de commandement 6QqbI8KbmvA-00026-00009794-00010202 et d'observation de l'unité de la 126e brigade de défense territoriale a été touché. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00027-00010202-00010701 En outre, dans les zones des colonies d'Ivanovka en République populaire de Donetsk et de 6QqbI8KbmvA-00028-00010701-00011220 Novolyubovka en République populaire de Lougansk, deux dépôts de munitions des Forces armées 6QqbI8KbmvA-00029-00011220-00011320 ukrainiennes ont été détruits. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00030-00011320-00011775 Au cours de la journée, les systèmes de défense aérienne ont intercepté deux roquettes 6QqbI8KbmvA-00031-00011775-00011957 du système de lance-roquettes multiples HIMARS. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00032-00011957-00012407 En outre, onze véhicules aériens sans pilote ukrainiens ont été détruits dans les zones 6QqbI8KbmvA-00033-00012407-00012914 des colonies d'Olginka, Privolnoye de la République populaire de Donetsk, Karmazinovka, Novokrasnyanka 6QqbI8KbmvA-00034-00012914-00013816 de la République populaire de Lougansk et Removka de la région de Zaporijia. 6QqbI8KbmvA-00035-00013816-00014255 Au total, depuis le début de l'opération militaire spéciale, ont été détruits : 406 6QqbI8KbmvA-00036-00014255-00014734 avions, 228 hélicoptères, 3 695 véhicules aériens sans pilote, 415 systèmes de missiles 6QqbI8KbmvA-00037-00014734-00015328 antiaériens, 8 563 chars et autres véhicules blindés de combat, 1 078 véhicules de combat 6QqbI8KbmvA-00038-00015328-00015794 à lancement multiple systèmes de roquettes, 4 525 pièces d'artillerie de campagne et 6QqbI8KbmvA-00039-00015794-00016098 mortiers, ainsi que 9 334 unités de véhicules militaires spéciaux. 6SAXctgQdeu-00000-00000000-00000420 - Seven, and we're gonna talk about the shapes of molecules. 6SAXctgQdeu-00001-00000420-00000902 And the shapes of molecules are largely dictated by 6SAXctgQdeu-00002-00000902-00001362 what's called valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, 6SAXctgQdeu-00003-00001452-00001863 and basically the chemistry, right? 6SAXctgQdeu-00004-00001863-00002226 The theory name tells you exactly what the theory's about. 6SAXctgQdeu-00005-00002226-00002688 So, the valence shells electron pairs. 6SAXctgQdeu-00006-00002688-00002889 So those are the electrons that we've been putting 6SAXctgQdeu-00007-00002889-00003389 into the Louis structures, repulse or repel each other 6SAXctgQdeu-00008-00003465-00003870 and will therefore want to be as far apart from as possible 6SAXctgQdeu-00009-00003870-00004074 from other electron pairs. 6SAXctgQdeu-00010-00004074-00004397 So, our guiding principle here is that the electron pairs 6SAXctgQdeu-00011-00004397-00004722 just want to be as far as possible away from each other. 6SAXctgQdeu-00012-00004806-00005061 And then one other guiding principle is that 6SAXctgQdeu-00013-00005061-00005490 we're only going to be doing this for central atoms. 6SAXctgQdeu-00014-00005490-00005760 There are ways to do it for outside atoms and to think 6SAXctgQdeu-00015-00005760-00005913 about it for outside atoms as well 6SAXctgQdeu-00016-00005913-00006159 but we won't need that for our discussion. 6SAXctgQdeu-00017-00006333-00006756 So I'm gonna define a term, this is specific to my class, 6SAXctgQdeu-00018-00006756-00006963 although I know some other classes use this. 6SAXctgQdeu-00019-00006963-00007092 It's an electron group. 6SAXctgQdeu-00020-00007184-00007344 And here we go. 6SAXctgQdeu-00021-00007344-00007566 Each electron group around an atom 6SAXctgQdeu-00022-00007566-00007785 is in its lowest energy state when it is as far 6SAXctgQdeu-00023-00007785-00008202 as possible from other electron groups. 6SAXctgQdeu-00024-00008202-00008550 Now, one electron group is a single bond. 6SAXctgQdeu-00025-00009519-00009819 One electron group is a double bond. 6SAXctgQdeu-00026-00010491-00010786 One electron group is a triple bond 6SAXctgQdeu-00027-00011424-00011924 and one electron group is a lone pair of electrons. 6SAXctgQdeu-00028-00012603-00013083 And we can also call this a non-bonding pair 6SAXctgQdeu-00029-00013083-00013515 of electrons or just a pair of electrons as we'll see. 6SAXctgQdeu-00030-00014328-00014828 So, and for this theory and how we will determine shapes, 6SAXctgQdeu-00031-00014925-00015263 so each of these things is equivalence. 6SAXctgQdeu-00032-00015263-00015719 So a triple bond, which we might draw at, let's see 6SAXctgQdeu-00033-00015719-00016219 for the cyanide ion, a triple bond is one electron group. 6SAXctgQdeu-00034-00016815-00017148 And actually, so I showed you a triple bond 6SAXctgQdeu-00035-00017148-00017394 but let me show you one other thing. 6SAXctgQdeu-00036-00017637-00018137 So, we would only talk about the shapes for central atoms. 6SAXctgQdeu-00037-00018639-00018900 So, this one doesn't even have a central atom, 6SAXctgQdeu-00038-00018900-00019125 it just has two end atoms. 6SAXctgQdeu-00039-00019125-00019461 We're gonna only be talking about this for central atoms. 6SAXctgQdeu-00040-00019461-00019881 And in this regard, a triple bond is one electron group. 6SAXctgQdeu-00041-00019881-00020068 So, let's see this central atom 6SAXctgQdeu-00042-00020358-00020858 and a triple bond is one electron group. 6SAXctgQdeu-00043-00021279-00021558 And a single bond is one electron group. 6SAXctgQdeu-00044-00021825-00022194 And so, one electron group plus one electron group 6SAXctgQdeu-00045-00022194-00022692 is two electron groups around this central atom. 6SAXctgQdeu-00046-00022692-00023062 Central atom has two electron groups 6SAXctgQdeu-00047-00023262-00023505 and that's all demonstration of the process of count 6SAXctgQdeu-00048-00023505-00023808 what electron groups are and counting them. 6UlHqbnAl0A-00000-00000000-00000354 {WII SHOP MUSIC BACKGROUND PLAYING} 6UlHqbnAl0A-00001-00000354-00000404 SUBSCRIBE! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00002-00000438-00000550 "What the fuck?" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00003-00000550-00000702 A cop is gonna eat me for dinner 6UlHqbnAl0A-00004-00000702-00000811 "OH YEAH!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00005-00000827-00000906 "AWWW!!! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00006-00000906-00001068 "AWWW, That's so fucking disgusting!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00007-00001068-00001138 UnRich: "BITCH!!! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00008-00001138-00001222 UnRich: "BITCH, WHAT THE FUCK!!!" {SHOTGUN NOISES} 6UlHqbnAl0A-00009-00001222-00001384 {SHOTGUN NOISES} 6UlHqbnAl0A-00010-00001384-00001472 HEHE! VOTE FOR TRUMP! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00011-00001498-00001664 {PORNHUB INTRO PLAYING} 6UlHqbnAl0A-00012-00001664-00001789 {PORNHUB INTRO PLAYING} + NOT SPONSORED I did not recommend you for entering this site 6UlHqbnAl0A-00013-00001789-00001966 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 6UlHqbnAl0A-00014-00001966-00002050 "Ohh Shes is asleep" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00015-00002086-00002188 "I'm gonna to... 6UlHqbnAl0A-00016-00002188-00002280 "I'm gonna to RAPE her!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00017-00002280-00002358 SEXY MONTAGE MUSIC 6UlHqbnAl0A-00018-00002358-00002472 "OHHH YEAAAH!!!" {MOANING} KIDS TURN ALWAY 6UlHqbnAl0A-00019-00002472-00002546 {MOANING} 6UlHqbnAl0A-00020-00002546-00002654 "OHHH YEAAAH!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00021-00002654-00002734 "I love your boobs!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00022-00002734-00002784 "I love your [ Content Deleted ]!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00023-00002784-00002916 "OHHH YEAAAH!!!" When this will stop? 6UlHqbnAl0A-00024-00002916-00003014 "OHH THAT'S HOT!" {MOANING} 6UlHqbnAl0A-00025-00003014-00003132 (KERMIT THE FROG CAN'T STAND PORN) "OH MY GOD!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00026-00003132-00003302 "OH JEEZ, OH MY GOD!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00027-00003302-00003394 R.I>P for Kermit the frog (FORTNITE ELIMINATED) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00028-00003432-00003482 {SEPTEMBER PLAYING} 6UlHqbnAl0A-00029-00003482-00003532 (GUN RELOADED) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00030-00003532-00003596 {SEPTEMBER EARRAPE PLAYING} '♫ Do you remember...' 6UlHqbnAl0A-00031-00003596-00003728 "BITCH> WHAT THE FUCK!!!" ♫ ' Do you remember... 6UlHqbnAl0A-00032-00003774-00003900 "WHAT THE FUCK!!!" the 21st night of Sep---!!!? ' ♫ 6UlHqbnAl0A-00033-00003900-00003950 "AHAHAAHA!!!" *COPYRIGHTED* the 21st night of Sep---!!!? ' ♫ 6UlHqbnAl0A-00034-00003950-00004112 "Damm good to be a gangster!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00035-00004112-00004162 KILLED A TRESPASSER WHILE CLIMB A TREE (EARRAPE OOF) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00036-00004186-00004312 (SNEAKY ADVENTURES BY KEVIN MacLeod) HES HIDING TO SHOOT SOMEONE 6UlHqbnAl0A-00037-00004312-00004516 . . . 6UlHqbnAl0A-00038-00004516-00004716 I tried to not get caught by criminals 6UlHqbnAl0A-00039-00004716-00004792 . . . 6UlHqbnAl0A-00040-00004792-00004986 "Oh Yeah Mr Krabs!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00041-00004986-00005250 (STARTED SCREAMING) SHE GETTING SHOT BY ME 6UlHqbnAl0A-00042-00005250-00005474 SHE DOESN'T KNOW WHERE THE A SHOT COME FROM? 6UlHqbnAl0A-00043-00005474-00005526 SHE SAID!.. 6UlHqbnAl0A-00044-00005526-00005604 "the fuck?" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00045-00005604-00005696 WAIT FOR TOMORROW BITCH! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00046-00005696-00005934 . . . 6UlHqbnAl0A-00047-00005934-00005984 ARE YOU SURE ABOUT THAT? 6UlHqbnAl0A-00048-00005984-00006120 . . . 6UlHqbnAl0A-00049-00006120-00006192 (GUN LOADING FOR PREPARE TO SHOT HER!) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00050-00006192-00006438 . . . 6UlHqbnAl0A-00051-00006438-00006488 MOTHERFUKER JUST SHOOT HER! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00052-00006488-00006538 (SHOOTING AT HER!) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00053-00006538-00006802 (KERSTAR SCREAMING BUT SHE IS A GIRL) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00054-00006802-00006930 OOF 6UlHqbnAl0A-00055-00006930-00007031 i'm GETTING SPOTTED 6UlHqbnAl0A-00056-00007168-00007248 "THE FUCK?" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00057-00007662-00007750 WELL I'M SO FUCKED 6UlHqbnAl0A-00058-00008322-00008378 "DIE!!! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00059-00008378-00008428 BITCH!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00060-00008428-00008512 UnRich: "BITCH!!!... (September Earrape is back) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00061-00008512-00008608 "WHAT THE FUCK!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00062-00008608-00008664 R>I>P HEADPHONE USERS 6UlHqbnAl0A-00063-00008664-00008768 "WHAT THE FUCK!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00064-00008768-00008842 "AHAHAHA!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00065-00008842-00008924 DED! (GUNSHOT) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00066-00008924-00008992 I CAN'T PUT ORIGINAL SONG! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00067-00009020-00009156 UnRich Robot: "THIS IS MY GUN TOY!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00068-00009156-00009302 "okay..." 6UlHqbnAl0A-00069-00009302-00009404 . . . 6UlHqbnAl0A-00070-00009404-00009530 WHOA SLOW DOWN BIG FELLA 6UlHqbnAl0A-00071-00009530-00009616 THIS KID HAS MENTAL ISSUE 6UlHqbnAl0A-00072-00009616-00009710 (SHOTGUN NOISES) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00073-00009710-00009842 "It's a toy!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00074-00009842-00010228 . . . WHY I DO SO STUPIDITY STUFF 6UlHqbnAl0A-00075-00010228-00010324 (SHOTGUN NOISE AGAIN) THIS GUY DON'T CHILL ALSO DIDN'T READ CHAT 6UlHqbnAl0A-00076-00010324-00010524 "It's a toy mate!!! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00077-00010524-00010594 OOF!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00078-00010594-00010644 STUPID SKIT 6UlHqbnAl0A-00079-00010644-00010694 {SUPER MARIO BROS MUSIC PLAYING} 6UlHqbnAl0A-00080-00010694-00010842 (ALBERTS PARODY A THOUSAND MILES PLAYING) ALBERT SINGING ' ♫ Make my way downtown... 6UlHqbnAl0A-00081-00010842-00011014 My wife took my kids ' ♫ 6UlHqbnAl0A-00082-00011014-00011126 UnRich: "A WHAT'S UP BITCH" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00083-00011126-00011228 "WHAT THE FUCK?" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00084-00011228-00011456 (KID SCREAMING) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00085-00011456-00011574 "YOU BETTER STOP!!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00086-00011574-00011624 (KID GOT RAGE WHILE HES ARREST) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00087-00011624-00011824 "BITCH WHAT THE FUCK!!!" This sound effect is getting so old now 6UlHqbnAl0A-00088-00011824-00011952 "WHAT THE FUCK!!!" 6UlHqbnAl0A-00089-00011952-00012002 "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!AHAHAHAHA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!" THIS VID WENT VIRAL 6UlHqbnAl0A-00090-00012038-00012196 UnRich: Please don't shot me... 6UlHqbnAl0A-00091-00012248-00012310 OOF! (SHOTGUN NOISE X2) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00092-00012310-00012438 OHH YOU FUKING CUNT!!! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00093-00012438-00012488 OHH YOU FUKING [ Content Deleted ]!!! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00094-00012488-00012538 HAHAHA!!! 6UlHqbnAl0A-00095-00012538-00012644 That's what you get... 6UlHqbnAl0A-00096-00012644-00012764 dumb bitch... 6UlHqbnAl0A-00097-00012764-00012826 SLUT!!! (THIS IS NOT TOLERATED) 6UlHqbnAl0A-00098-00012826-00012938 (WII SHOP MUSIC AGAIN) *Outro* SUBTITLED BY: UnRich TITLE: hehe.mp4 © 2019 UnRichIsBoring Contents 6UlHqbnAl0A-00099-00012938-00013690 subscribe or I take your kids SUBTITLED BY: UnRich TITLE: hehe.mp4 © 2019 UnRichIsBoring Contents 6UlHqbnAl0A-00100-00013690-00013963 bye subscribe (D END) 6Uq2qsU4-Fu-00000-00000000-00000200 Thank you for watching 6cCzYr_xUZA-00000-00000000-00000591 All right well here we are again, our series: In Love For Life, Building or 6cCzYr_xUZA-00001-00000591-00001280 Rebuilding a Great Marriage. This is lesson number 6, The Money Trap. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00002-00001280-00002049 I hope everybody's got their worksheets to follow along. Well as the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00003-00002049-00002602 title suggests I want to talk about money a very important issue in marriage. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00004-00002602-00003218 People have different attitudes about money when they come into a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00005-00003218-00003594 marriage and a lot of times the collision of two ideas about money 6cCzYr_xUZA-00006-00003594-00004353 within a marriage creates a lot of stress. Some researchers have found that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00007-00004353-00005021 money issues and especially how money is handled is responsible for up to 70% of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00008-00005021-00005441 marital conflicts. Now there are a lot of reasons for that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00009-00005441-00006021 for this type of conflict over money; one, people have different ideas and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00010-00006021-00006593 different training about money and they bring those into their relationship. For 6cCzYr_xUZA-00011-00006593-00007188 example, she may come from a family where money was tight where you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00012-00007188-00007550 budgeted carefully, money was for saving for 6cCzYr_xUZA-00013-00007550-00007922 planning so on and so forth you know she comes from that background she has that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00014-00007922-00008475 ideology, and he the husband he comes from a family where 6cCzYr_xUZA-00015-00008475-00008811 they didn't worry about money we live from day to day money's for 6cCzYr_xUZA-00016-00008811-00009321 spending, tomorrow mañana no problem. Well when you take these two 6cCzYr_xUZA-00017-00009321-00009771 people and their ideas about money and you put them in a relationship and they 6cCzYr_xUZA-00018-00009771-00010379 have to begin dealing with their pooled resources many times it causes 6cCzYr_xUZA-00019-00010379-00011088 a problem. Another reason that there are money issues or money conflicts in a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00020-00011088-00011636 marriage is because there's no discussion about money before marriage 6cCzYr_xUZA-00021-00011636-00012104 and so many times it comes as a nasty surprise; I didn't know you were like 6cCzYr_xUZA-00022-00012104-00012450 this or I didn't know you were like that you know we don't talk about money we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00023-00012450-00013067 have no idea about how our partner uses money or thinks about money and when 6cCzYr_xUZA-00024-00013067-00013387 you're in the marriage you have to actually deal with real 6cCzYr_xUZA-00025-00013387-00013972 money in real budgets that also can be a an issue of conflict. And then of course 6cCzYr_xUZA-00026-00013972-00014587 different economic backgrounds not just how we think about money but you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00027-00014587-00015137 know he comes from perhaps a poor lower middle-class home or not a poor lower 6cCzYr_xUZA-00028-00015137-00015629 middle-class but he may come from a poor home she may come from a home or her 6cCzYr_xUZA-00029-00015629-00016209 father was a professional a doctor a lawyer something like that they had more 6cCzYr_xUZA-00030-00016209-00016697 money to spend better college education and so on and so forth so you know when 6cCzYr_xUZA-00031-00016697-00017356 you have people coming from different socio-economic classes and they marry 6cCzYr_xUZA-00032-00017356-00017975 then there is also the potential for conflict in marriage. So the conflict in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00033-00017975-00018682 a relationship over money usually centers around two main factors and that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00034-00018682-00019400 is earning power in other words the ability to make money and lifestyle and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00035-00019400-00019888 that is the style of living that we think or that we hope or that we believe 6cCzYr_xUZA-00036-00019888-00020591 that we should have and so the idea or the conflict is the way we use or misuse 6cCzYr_xUZA-00037-00020591-00021191 money is based largely on these two factors: earning power and lifestyle. And 6cCzYr_xUZA-00038-00021191-00021662 it works something like this: if our earning power can supply our lifestyle 6cCzYr_xUZA-00039-00021662-00022178 there's no problem, you usually can work it out. I mean if there's enough money to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00040-00022178-00022666 go around to buy and save and budget and you know and even deuce a little bit of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00041-00022666-00023323 crazy shopping and so on and so forth there's no problem. However if our 6cCzYr_xUZA-00042-00023323-00024013 earning power cannot supply our lifestyle then this will create problems 6cCzYr_xUZA-00043-00024013-00024568 that will produce pressure within all of our relationships especially within 6cCzYr_xUZA-00044-00024568-00025210 marriage. There's not enough money to go around there's not 6cCzYr_xUZA-00045-00025210-00025735 enough money for the vacation and the savings, how are we going to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00046-00025735-00026363 handle that? So this financial pressure this type of financial pressure is the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00047-00026363-00026687 result of what I call: the money trap. That's why we call this 6cCzYr_xUZA-00048-00026687-00027380 lesson The Money Trap. So here's the money trap here's how it works in a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00049-00027380-00028088 normal couples life, now before we have any earning power when I talk about 6cCzYr_xUZA-00050-00028088-00028502 earning power I mean before we have some sort of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00051-00028502-00029069 training as far as a trade is concerned or a vocation or business or experience 6cCzYr_xUZA-00052-00029069-00029441 or training or education, before we have that's where your earning power 6cCzYr_xUZA-00053-00029441-00029891 is right it's based on your training based on your education, well before any 6cCzYr_xUZA-00054-00029891-00030502 of that is actually gained in the individual acquired by the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00055-00030502-00031136 individual our concepts of lifestyle are actually already being formed. In other 6cCzYr_xUZA-00056-00031136-00031822 words our concept of how we should live is being formed by two different forces: 6cCzYr_xUZA-00057-00031822-00032522 external forces and internal forces okay. So let me talk about the external forces 6cCzYr_xUZA-00058-00032522-00033275 the external forces that are shaping what we think about money long before we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00059-00033275-00033983 actually have the ability to make money: so one of the external forces that shape 6cCzYr_xUZA-00060-00033983-00034619 our thinking about money is how our parents lived and their attitude towards 6cCzYr_xUZA-00061-00034619-00034984 money, in other words what we were taught about money 6cCzYr_xUZA-00062-00034984-00035525 growing up that's one of the external pressures or forces 6cCzYr_xUZA-00063-00035525-00036140 that shapes our thinking about money. Another one is the phenomenon of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00064-00036140-00036653 easy credit, I know that in this financial climate we talk about 6cCzYr_xUZA-00065-00036653-00037136 credit being a little tighter but we live in an era where credit is is 6cCzYr_xUZA-00066-00037136-00037601 really pretty easy to get, it's one of the most powerful external forces today 6cCzYr_xUZA-00067-00037601-00038093 when it comes to finance. It didn't exist roughly a hundred years ago 6cCzYr_xUZA-00068-00038093-00038681 I mean credit existed a hundred years ago but the ease of credit did not exist 6cCzYr_xUZA-00069-00038681-00039050 a hundred years ago, a hundred years ago an eighteen year old just couldn't go in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00070-00039050-00039545 and buy clothes and shoes and all kinds of things and just sign for it and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00071-00039545-00039902 walk out you couldn't do that a hundred years ago. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00072-00039902-00040637 The idea of exchanging future work for goods now on a consumer level was not as 6cCzYr_xUZA-00073-00040637-00041078 widespread a hundred years ago as it is today, today I mean we're almost 6cCzYr_xUZA-00074-00041078-00041597 the cashless society right? Debit cards, credit cards we exchange work that we'll 6cCzYr_xUZA-00075-00041597-00042131 do in the future for goods that we will receive now and that's an external force 6cCzYr_xUZA-00076-00042131-00042644 that forms are our ideas about money and finance. And then the other 6cCzYr_xUZA-00077-00042644-00043219 external force or pressure is the abundance and the variety of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00078-00043219-00043808 merchandisers and merchandise, in other words there's so much stuff to look at 6cCzYr_xUZA-00079-00043808-00044480 and buy. Again something that did not exist a hundred years ago, you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00080-00044480-00044939 had a catalog yet the Sears catalog that that was mailed out you know and that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00081-00044939-00045401 was wow that was a lot to look at today I mean have you gone to shopping malls 6cCzYr_xUZA-00082-00045401-00045935 have you gone to stores I mean there are stores upon stores upon stores that sell 6cCzYr_xUZA-00083-00045935-00046445 all kinds of merchandise you know 50 different types of one thing. So we have 6cCzYr_xUZA-00084-00046445-00046991 a lot to choose from and a lot to purchase. Alright so those are some of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00085-00046991-00047678 the external forces that form our ideas about money: early experiences and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00086-00047678-00048356 training, easy credit and the abundance and accessibility to merchandise in our 6cCzYr_xUZA-00087-00048356-00049160 day and age. There are also some internal forces that form or shape our thinking 6cCzYr_xUZA-00088-00049160-00049703 about money, many of them are negative. I'll only talk about the negative ones 6cCzYr_xUZA-00089-00049703-00050203 because these are the ones that get us into trouble. Now there are key 6cCzYr_xUZA-00090-00050203-00050801 advertising approaches that kind of push our buttons our internal 6cCzYr_xUZA-00091-00050801-00051386 buttons to get us to buy to get us to commit to get us to engage financially. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00092-00051386-00051872 And I want to share some of these with you for example, we talked about 6cCzYr_xUZA-00093-00051872-00052460 greed, greed is really the idea of never having enough that's a certain button in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00094-00052460-00052922 us that's a certain hot button the greed button, and marketers when they 6cCzYr_xUZA-00095-00052922-00053516 say hey look we have something new something a whole lot better 6cCzYr_xUZA-00096-00053516-00054079 the new and improved whatever it is, that appeals to that thing inside 6cCzYr_xUZA-00097-00054079-00054727 of us that wants more we never have quite enough we want the newest thing. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00098-00054727-00055378 Another internal force another button that gets pushes jealousy for example 6cCzYr_xUZA-00099-00055378-00055946 jealousy is wanting what others have, so how do you think marketers push that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00100-00055946-00056495 button which motivates us to engage financially? Well they say you know what 6cCzYr_xUZA-00101-00056495-00056984 you too can have they have this but you too can have as a matter of fact you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00102-00056984-00057665 ought to have this thing. The button of pride, competing with others car 6cCzYr_xUZA-00103-00057665-00058319 companies are great with this you can have the best the very best you deserve 6cCzYr_xUZA-00104-00058319-00058814 the very best and if you purchase this thing you will be known as an individual 6cCzYr_xUZA-00105-00058814-00059210 who has the very best not like these other cars this car 6cCzYr_xUZA-00106-00059210-00059891 this particular model this is the best it says something about you that you are 6cCzYr_xUZA-00107-00059891-00060329 better than other people it's amazing how that button gets pushed through 6cCzYr_xUZA-00108-00060329-00060904 various advertising. Laziness for example our lazy button it's 6cCzYr_xUZA-00109-00060904-00061436 getting something without any effort it's the basis of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00110-00061436-00061792 gambling it's with little effort we think we're going to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00111-00061792-00062420 win an inordinate amount of money or goods. Well you know marketing 6cCzYr_xUZA-00112-00062420-00062999 pushes that lazy button when it tells us it's easy it's easy just come on in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00113-00062999-00063383 I heard a commercial the other day that says you know this is how easy it is to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00114-00063383-00063817 get a brand new forty thousand dollar truck we'll pay off your old car, 6cCzYr_xUZA-00115-00063817-00064324 we'll pay off your credit card debts, we'll do this, we'll do it's easy you just sign 6cCzYr_xUZA-00116-00064324-00064871 you just sign and walk away no down no down payment will make it easy no work 6cCzYr_xUZA-00117-00064871-00065693 involve no commitment. The lack of self control button which a lot of us have 6cCzYr_xUZA-00118-00065693-00066320 the impulse buying luxury buy usually the impulse button is 6cCzYr_xUZA-00119-00066320-00066581 pushed when marketers are saying you got to do 6cCzYr_xUZA-00120-00066581-00066884 this now I mean it's probably one of the oldest 6cCzYr_xUZA-00121-00066884-00067382 sales gimmicks you got to do it now, I'm showing you the sale that we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00122-00067382-00067852 have and this car this thing is available and it's only today because if 6cCzYr_xUZA-00123-00067852-00068198 you don't get it today you will never have this ever again you've 6cCzYr_xUZA-00124-00068198-00068774 just got to decide right now, and all that is doing is pushing our 6cCzYr_xUZA-00125-00068774-00069230 impulse button. And then that of course the selfishness button, the interest in our 6cCzYr_xUZA-00126-00069230-00069772 own needs in our own self, usually the approach there is 6cCzYr_xUZA-00127-00069772-00070586 be the first this is an exclusive offer no one can have it this is a limited 6cCzYr_xUZA-00128-00070586-00071051 edition and if you get this thing you were going to be among the very few in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00129-00071051-00071495 the whole world that will have this particular thing, we don't understand 6cCzYr_xUZA-00130-00071495-00071786 many times that that commercial is playing for a couple of million people 6cCzYr_xUZA-00131-00071786-00072224 at the same time nevertheless that makes us feel that we're the only ones that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00132-00072224-00072749 will have this thing. And then of course the trap this is how the trap is 6cCzYr_xUZA-00133-00072749-00073658 sprung, our society bombard us with media images of the ideal lifestyle that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00134-00073658-00074102 usually contains all these things that we should have and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00135-00074102-00074642 possess, it creates for us the style that says that we deserve or we should have 6cCzYr_xUZA-00136-00074642-00075133 and if not properly trained and money management and common sense we believe 6cCzYr_xUZA-00137-00075133-00075800 it we believe what they're saying, we buy it I don't just mean we buy the thing we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00138-00075800-00076514 buy the dream we buy the image that they're saying. Now the code words used 6cCzYr_xUZA-00139-00076514-00077144 appeal to our inward forces by saying you deserve the best and you should get 6cCzYr_xUZA-00140-00077144-00077636 it now and it's easy and you'll be the first and you'll be the only and so on 6cCzYr_xUZA-00141-00077636-00078065 and so on and so on day after day after day I mean you can't go anywhere where 6cCzYr_xUZA-00142-00078065-00078644 you're not bombarded with merchandising images. Why do you think there's so many 6cCzYr_xUZA-00143-00078644-00079331 car commercials on radio on Labor Day because we're off from work we're not 6cCzYr_xUZA-00144-00079331-00079730 listening to the radio usually when we're at work but we're on a day off you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00145-00079730-00079904 know I don't know about you but you're in the garage 6cCzYr_xUZA-00146-00079904-00080261 in the yard you at the radio on you you're listening to and they're just 6cCzYr_xUZA-00147-00080261-00080950 bombarding you with ads after the 10,000th ad about how easy and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00148-00080950-00081587 you should eventually they start you know breaking you down. And then goods 6cCzYr_xUZA-00149-00081587-00082160 are made accessible everywhere to provide this ideal lifestyle and to make 6cCzYr_xUZA-00150-00082160-00082633 it easy to respond all you have to do is pick up the phone. So you have 6cCzYr_xUZA-00151-00082633-00083054 the images of the ideal lifestyle and all the reasons why you should have it 6cCzYr_xUZA-00152-00083054-00083729 and then accessibility it's easy you go in and you just look online you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00153-00083729-00084163 pick out the furniture you want they'll deliver it to your house no downpayment 6cCzYr_xUZA-00154-00084163-00084710 no payments till next year how easy could this be how accessible is all this 6cCzYr_xUZA-00155-00084710-00085448 material just hit the button. And then of course as I mentioned easy credit. Easy 6cCzYr_xUZA-00156-00085448-00085951 credit makes all of these things available to everyone even those who 6cCzYr_xUZA-00157-00085951-00086573 can't afford it and those are the ones usually who were caught in the trap. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00158-00086573-00087127 One of the big problems here in the United States in the last couple of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00159-00087127-00087607 years the housing bubble the housing crash, it was very simple people 6cCzYr_xUZA-00160-00087607-00088063 bought houses that they just couldn't afford they'd buy three four hundred 6cCzYr_xUZA-00161-00088063-00088436 thousand dollar houses when they had like thirty five thousand dollar salary 6cCzYr_xUZA-00162-00088436-00088810 there's no way that they could afford well they could just barely afford it 6cCzYr_xUZA-00163-00088810-00089294 but if something happened, if they needed money for something else a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00164-00089294-00089792 medical bill or car breakdown the minute that fine balance 6cCzYr_xUZA-00165-00089792-00090272 was broken they had no reserve, they'd lose their 6cCzYr_xUZA-00166-00090272-00090986 houses. And so these forces begin to work together and they create this 6cCzYr_xUZA-00167-00090986-00091847 vicious cycle: we see, we want, an easy credit enables us to to get it. And so 6cCzYr_xUZA-00168-00091847-00092602 the slogan for our society should be get it with credit, get it with credit. Now I 6cCzYr_xUZA-00169-00092602-00093062 want you to understand I'm not against, this is not I'm not railing 6cCzYr_xUZA-00170-00093062-00093476 against our capitalistic system and selling merchandise, I'm not 6cCzYr_xUZA-00171-00093476-00094010 railing against that I'm not against a strong economy an efficient network of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00172-00094010-00094511 merchandising and distribution and even a banking system that allows us to use 6cCzYr_xUZA-00173-00094511-00095213 credit wisely as a tool for establishing our homes and our businesses. I mean the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00174-00095213-00095708 hallmarks of good stewardship or these are hallmarks of good stewardship in a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00175-00095708-00096140 well-run society. So I'm not against those things, the point I'm trying to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00176-00096140-00096818 make here is that in order to avoid being crushed in this system of ours we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00177-00096818-00097625 should realize that our lifestyle should be based on our earning power not how 6cCzYr_xUZA-00178-00097625-00098222 much our parents earned or how our parents lived or not based on how we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00179-00098222-00098855 would like to live and not based on what television says we should live or how we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00180-00098855-00099758 should live not based on how our friends live but based on our earnings and that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00181-00099758-00100415 is a very sobering thought indeed. A lot of young couples today they look at 6cCzYr_xUZA-00182-00100415-00100841 their parents and they see well my parents have a 3,000 6cCzYr_xUZA-00183-00100841-00101186 square-foot house and they've got a yard and they've got a pool and they got two 6cCzYr_xUZA-00184-00101186-00101573 cars and they've got a condo in Florida they're 6cCzYr_xUZA-00185-00101573-00101951 looking at that and they think well well when I'm 29 years old this is what I 6cCzYr_xUZA-00186-00101951-00102353 should have too because my parents have it I should have it; and they don't realize 6cCzYr_xUZA-00187-00102353-00102718 many times that their parents may have worked for 30 years in order to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00188-00102718-00103568 accumulate this type of wealth. And so they use credit unwisely to establish a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00189-00103568-00104255 lifestyle like they think they ought to have or should have or deserve and that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00190-00104255-00105139 lifestyle is not based on reality the reality of their earning power. So 6cCzYr_xUZA-00191-00105139-00105866 society combined with internal and external forces creates the image of a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00192-00105866-00106544 lifestyle we think we should have, we believe this ideal and instead of basing 6cCzYr_xUZA-00193-00106544-00107083 our lifestyle our own earning power we use easy credit 6cCzYr_xUZA-00194-00107083-00107699 to obtain the lifestyle we think we should have, so we get into all kinds of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00195-00107699-00108413 debt and debt causes pressure in our relationship and that's the point I'm 6cCzYr_xUZA-00196-00108413-00108749 trying to make and I want to concentrate less on the economics of it and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00197-00108749-00109223 concentrate a little bit more now from here on in on the pressure that is 6cCzYr_xUZA-00198-00109223-00110039 exerted on the relationship because of finances. Now financial pressure has many 6cCzYr_xUZA-00199-00110039-00110807 symptoms in a relationship: fatigue for example, physical and emotional fatigue. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00200-00110807-00111383 The weight of debt causes depression in people you mean 6cCzYr_xUZA-00201-00111383-00111934 indebtedness is a weight if you don't believe me try try remembering how it 6cCzYr_xUZA-00202-00111934-00112486 felt when you paid off your car or you paid off your house or you paid off your 6cCzYr_xUZA-00203-00112486-00112909 student loan how did you feel the day when you got that notice in the mail 6cCzYr_xUZA-00204-00112909-00113305 thank you very much your house is paid off your car is paid off here's the lien 6cCzYr_xUZA-00205-00113305-00114029 release from the bank you now own your your car don't you feel oh you know kind 6cCzYr_xUZA-00206-00114029-00114529 of a burdens been lifted off of you? Well if you feel a burdens been lifted off of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00207-00114529-00115094 you when you pay off a legitimate debt can you imagine how much too much debt 6cCzYr_xUZA-00208-00115094-00115630 weighs, if there's a feeling of relief when it's gone it must mean that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00209-00115630-00116147 there was a feeling of pressure when it was there; so fatigue emotional fatigue 6cCzYr_xUZA-00210-00116147-00116714 is one of the symptoms of financial pressure. Obsession, we think and we talk 6cCzYr_xUZA-00211-00116714-00117217 only about money and money problems a lot of the couples report that their 6cCzYr_xUZA-00212-00117217-00117644 discussions are always about money if they're planning something to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00213-00117644-00118148 do with the children instead of just making the plan will it be good for 6cCzYr_xUZA-00214-00118148-00118504 the kids and so on and so forth it becomes can we afford this well we're 6cCzYr_xUZA-00215-00118504-00118895 going to have to be able to pay that off before we can do this and so on and so 6cCzYr_xUZA-00216-00118895-00119315 forth and so we become obsessed the debates and the arguments are always 6cCzYr_xUZA-00217-00119315-00119969 about money. And of course arguments start because we need to find 6cCzYr_xUZA-00218-00119969-00120338 the blame who's responsible for the financial mess 6cCzYr_xUZA-00219-00120338-00120815 that were in and a lot of times the blame is you know you spend too much or 6cCzYr_xUZA-00220-00120815-00121373 or the you know the reverse of that you don't make enough or maybe if 6cCzYr_xUZA-00221-00121373-00121834 you got another job or maybe if you tried harder at work and so there are 6cCzYr_xUZA-00222-00121834-00122525 arguments about who is responsible for the difficulty. Also sexual 6cCzYr_xUZA-00223-00122525-00123034 disinterest let's face it it's very hard to be intimate with someone that you've 6cCzYr_xUZA-00224-00123034-00123709 lost respect for; if you don't respect somebody it's very hard to feel 6cCzYr_xUZA-00225-00123709-00124210 very close to them and usually sexual intimacy requires that you actually feel 6cCzYr_xUZA-00226-00124210-00124810 close to that individual. Financial ruin I mean eventually you have no more 6cCzYr_xUZA-00227-00124810-00125315 credit just debts and debts that you can't pay and financial 6cCzYr_xUZA-00228-00125315-00125849 ruin many times leads to family ruin. And of course there is spiritual 6cCzYr_xUZA-00229-00125849-00126455 discouragement, especially for those who are believers, the feeling that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00230-00126455-00127063 God doesn't love you or He's punishing you because of your financial ruin. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00231-00127063-00127925 Now pressure of this kind as I mentioned can easily destroy a relationship. So 6cCzYr_xUZA-00232-00127925-00128375 that's why we're talking in this In Love for Life series that's why we're talking 6cCzYr_xUZA-00233-00128375-00129095 about money because money problems have a tremendous effect on the quality 6cCzYr_xUZA-00234-00129095-00129569 of one's relationship in marriage. Now there are a lot of financial advisors 6cCzYr_xUZA-00235-00129569-00130217 and plans but you need to be careful not to make matters worse not all financial 6cCzYr_xUZA-00236-00130217-00130592 solutions are equal and I've seen a lot of people they get into 6cCzYr_xUZA-00237-00130592-00130982 financial trouble and instead of fixing it or doing the things they 6cCzYr_xUZA-00238-00130982-00131456 need to do to make it better they actually make it worse. So 6cCzYr_xUZA-00239-00131456-00132038 here are some bad solutions okay let me preface this part by saying bad solution 6cCzYr_xUZA-00240-00132038-00132691 these are bad solutions to money problems and I'll show you bad solutions 6cCzYr_xUZA-00241-00132691-00133211 through the images of animals okay, you'll get what I'm trying to do 6cCzYr_xUZA-00242-00133211-00133879 in a minute. So one of the bad solutions is what I call the ostrich solution. The 6cCzYr_xUZA-00243-00133879-00134513 ostrich solution is the following: just refused to admit that there is a problem, 6cCzYr_xUZA-00244-00134513-00135004 if you ignore the problem it'll just go away, let's not even 6cCzYr_xUZA-00245-00135004-00135350 talk about money listen you know forget about that we don't you know we don't 6cCzYr_xUZA-00246-00135350-00135833 talk about that type of thing. It reminds me of a cousin of mine long 6cCzYr_xUZA-00247-00135833-00136441 ago when I was a young guy he bought a car bought a brand new Camaro a yellow 6cCzYr_xUZA-00248-00136441-00136642 Camaro canary yellow remember we were all 6cCzYr_xUZA-00249-00136642-00137230 jealous of him because he had this nice new car and his name was Angelo and he 6cCzYr_xUZA-00250-00137230-00137597 he would drive around and so on and so forth but Angelo was a very carefree 6cCzYr_xUZA-00251-00137597-00138001 individual so if he wanted to go to the movies he'd go downtown to the movies oh 6cCzYr_xUZA-00252-00138001-00138340 there was a parking spot in front of the theater he just parked the car there and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00253-00138340-00138703 just walk into theater you know whatever and then he'd come out and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00254-00138703-00139090 there'd be a ticket on his because he never looked at no parking nothing none 6cCzYr_xUZA-00255-00139090-00139526 of that you know handicap zone nothing he just parked it wherever he felt like 6cCzYr_xUZA-00256-00139526-00139946 it and so he'd take the ticket and then he just opened his glove compartment in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00257-00139946-00140351 the car and he'd put it in there and I mean this is serious that he did this 6cCzYr_xUZA-00258-00140351-00140819 for a couple of years and he had a stack of ticket you know he figured nobody's 6cCzYr_xUZA-00259-00140819-00141173 calling me I've been arrested you know it's just paperwork you know they'll 6cCzYr_xUZA-00260-00141173-00141608 forget about it well you know if they don't forget about it and so one day you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00261-00141608-00141950 know he's driving along maybe I think he was speeding or done something and the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00262-00141950-00142457 policeman stopped him and when he checked he realized that he had all of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00263-00142457-00142816 these outstanding tickets you know thousands and thousands of dollars you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00264-00142816-00143237 know of accrued interest and penalties and so so they seized this car he went 6cCzYr_xUZA-00265-00143237-00143801 to court and the thing about Angelo is most of his salary you know went to pay 6cCzYr_xUZA-00266-00143801-00144149 for his car he didn't have a lot of he didn't have a lot of extra lived with 6cCzYr_xUZA-00267-00144149-00144655 his parents and so in the end at court he had to give up the car they they took 6cCzYr_xUZA-00268-00144655-00145109 they impounded the car they kept the car in order to pay off all of his tickets 6cCzYr_xUZA-00269-00145109-00145789 all of his fines and he is the perfect example of the ostrich method I have a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00270-00145789-00146374 financial problem I just ignore it it's like it doesn't exist. Well we know that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00271-00146374-00146906 ignored problem simply grow worse with time. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00272-00146906-00147485 another bad solution is the chicken solution, the chicken solution is what I 6cCzYr_xUZA-00273-00147485-00147989 call escape therapy, we have money problems and all kinds of problems 6cCzYr_xUZA-00274-00147989-00148604 like that let's just take a vacation or let's go shopping buy something 6cCzYr_xUZA-00275-00148604-00149012 new feel good about don't you feel good when you go shopping let's do that let's 6cCzYr_xUZA-00276-00149012-00149543 just go shop and we'll feel great? I call that the chicken solution, refusing to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00277-00149543-00150017 face the truth, substituting a pleasant day 6cCzYr_xUZA-00278-00150017-00150446 running away from the problem you know what I'm saying and it'll make me feel 6cCzYr_xUZA-00279-00150446-00151121 better. Now this is only a temporary solution at best you only feel good for 6cCzYr_xUZA-00280-00151121-00151651 a little while while you're shopping it usually creates more debt and it's 6cCzYr_xUZA-00281-00151651-00152081 fatalistic, well you know in the end we're all 6cCzYr_xUZA-00282-00152081-00152540 gonna die or we may go bankrupt or they may come and get it and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00283-00152540-00153026 so what let's spend some more money and feel good while we're 6cCzYr_xUZA-00284-00153026-00153623 able. The other solution bad solution I call the parakeet solution, 6cCzYr_xUZA-00285-00153623-00154241 parakeets they repeat over and over again the same thing well the parakeet 6cCzYr_xUZA-00286-00154241-00154694 solution is when we repeat the same mistake, do you have a lot of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00287-00154694-00155234 debts well here's the parakeet solution just consolidate everything 6cCzYr_xUZA-00288-00155234-00155948 into one big huge debt and then you'll be solved you'll just have one 6cCzYr_xUZA-00289-00155948-00156455 little payment; but we don't realize that in doing that we've just repeated the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00290-00156455-00156962 problem we're not addressing the debt all we're doing is giving 6cCzYr_xUZA-00291-00156962-00157409 ourselves a chance to keep spending because usually what happens when people 6cCzYr_xUZA-00292-00157409-00157874 consolidate their debt yeah they now have one payment against all those those 6cCzYr_xUZA-00293-00157874-00158393 old debts but they haven't changed anything in their lifestyle and they 6cCzYr_xUZA-00294-00158393-00159014 usually continue to make other indebtedness and so now what they end up 6cCzYr_xUZA-00295-00159014-00159554 with is they have one large debt and they're creating new and smaller debts 6cCzYr_xUZA-00296-00159554-00160133 in addition to the big one, why do I call it the parakeet? There's simply 6cCzYr_xUZA-00297-00160133-00160777 repeating the same mistake over and over again. Then we have the horse solution, do 6cCzYr_xUZA-00298-00160777-00161135 you have a lot of debt mine just work like a horse to get rid 6cCzYr_xUZA-00299-00161135-00161764 of it get a second job do overtime let your wife get a job to put the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00300-00161764-00162301 kids into daycare maybe she can get a job on the weekend on top of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00301-00162301-00162947 her regular job, more hours at work away from the house does that really solve 6cCzYr_xUZA-00302-00162947-00163600 the problem? Because more hours away from one another more hours away from the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00303-00163600-00164135 home and so on and so forth simply creates more pressure on the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00304-00164135-00164687 couple who is already under pressure because of financial indebtedness. And 6cCzYr_xUZA-00305-00164687-00165248 then there's the spider solution like the black widow spider that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00306-00165248-00165841 eats its mate. Well the spider solution is hey how about just eliminating the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00307-00165841-00166429 seeming cause of my problem and that is you, you spend too much so 6cCzYr_xUZA-00308-00166429-00166946 here's how we're gonna do this I'm gonna get rid of you. Now we know that this 6cCzYr_xUZA-00309-00166946-00167430 really doesn't eliminate the problem it merely creates more problems and more 6cCzYr_xUZA-00310-00167430-00167882 indebtedness. I have news for you, there's no such thing as a budget 6cCzYr_xUZA-00311-00167882-00168454 divorce you see these signs sometimes you notice it uncontested divorce you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00312-00168454-00168712 know two hundred and forty dollars one hundred and eighty dollars you know 6cCzYr_xUZA-00313-00168712-00169327 budget divorce cheap divorce no such thing as a cheap or budget divorce maybe 6cCzYr_xUZA-00314-00169327-00169825 you might pay less as far as money is concerned to process paperwork but I 6cCzYr_xUZA-00315-00169825-00170360 guarantee you that there is always always an incredibly high emotional and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00316-00170360-00171205 spiritual cost to a divorce. So most people who are continually in financial 6cCzYr_xUZA-00317-00171205-00171836 trouble are so because they refuse to base their lifestyle on their salaries 6cCzYr_xUZA-00318-00171836-00172370 and then they're in the trap and when they get into the trap they go deeper 6cCzYr_xUZA-00319-00172370-00172958 into the trap by using some of these poor financial solutions to get out of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00320-00172958-00173469 trouble that I've just shown you. Well we can't just so bad 6cCzYr_xUZA-00321-00173469-00173904 solutions let's try to show some good solutions because there 6cCzYr_xUZA-00322-00173904-00174570 are good problem-solving methods for financial difficulties. For example first 6cCzYr_xUZA-00323-00174570-00175179 of all establish your style of living based on your current earning power and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00324-00175179-00175671 not your future earning power. If you're going to get the raise in six 6cCzYr_xUZA-00325-00175671-00176076 months from now in the promotion they've promised you don't 6cCzYr_xUZA-00326-00176076-00176784 start spending that money until you actually have the raise, continue to live 6cCzYr_xUZA-00327-00176784-00177300 on the money that you make now not the money you wish you had that you think 6cCzYr_xUZA-00328-00177300-00177711 you're going to have that they've promised that you will get don't do 6cCzYr_xUZA-00329-00177711-00178053 that. In this way you will have a better 6cCzYr_xUZA-00330-00178053-00178644 chance to be free from debt and the financial pressure that comes from debt. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00331-00178644-00179409 In Proverbs 22:7 Solomon writes, "Just as the rich rule 6cCzYr_xUZA-00332-00179409-00180252 the poor, so the borrower is servant to the lender." Proverbs 22:7. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00333-00180252-00180810 There's a whole lesson that we could make just on this scripture, if we could 6cCzYr_xUZA-00334-00180810-00181461 learn just this one thing we would be free so what our country be free that's 6cCzYr_xUZA-00335-00181461-00181971 one of the reasons why many in our country are saying we have to be careful 6cCzYr_xUZA-00336-00181971-00182436 where we're having way too much debt in our country and other people 6cCzYr_xUZA-00337-00182436-00183249 own our debt the borrower is always the slave to the lender. Now this idea 6cCzYr_xUZA-00338-00183249-00183633 establish your style of living based on your current earning 6cCzYr_xUZA-00339-00183633-00184173 power, it sounds good and I don't think anyone here would disagree with that but 6cCzYr_xUZA-00340-00184173-00184851 it's not easy to do, this practice requires certain things. First of all it 6cCzYr_xUZA-00341-00184851-00185610 requires honesty with yourself, you have to be honest you have to be realistic 6cCzYr_xUZA-00342-00185610-00186318 about what you can afford. I mean again no one disagrees with that but it's so 6cCzYr_xUZA-00343-00186318-00186747 hard to actually put it into practice, to be honest about your 6cCzYr_xUZA-00344-00186747-00187482 financial capability, can I or can I not afford this car this house this activity 6cCzYr_xUZA-00345-00187482-00188019 and so on and so forth. And then of course self control saying no to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00346-00188019-00188910 yourself, saying no to your impulses, very difficult but these things 6cCzYr_xUZA-00347-00188910-00189623 honesty and self control are necessary if you're going to practice financial 6cCzYr_xUZA-00348-00189623-00190482 moderation. Another thing that is necessary is alertness. In other words be 6cCzYr_xUZA-00349-00190482-00191187 aware of the trap advertisers for example know that women make or 6cCzYr_xUZA-00350-00191187-00191790 influence most of the money decisions in the home and this is why ads are usually 6cCzYr_xUZA-00351-00191790-00192408 directed at them primarily, you need to know that. All the buttons that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00352-00192408-00192866 I talked to you about you need to be aware that advertisers have only one 6cCzYr_xUZA-00353-00192866-00193458 thing in their minds they want you to buy their stuff and they're not 6cCzYr_xUZA-00354-00193458-00193916 caring if it's something you need or you don't need if it's something you can 6cCzYr_xUZA-00355-00193916-00194376 afford or you can't afford that doesn't calculate in their 6cCzYr_xUZA-00356-00194376-00195054 calculations in their plan their plan is to get as many people as 6cCzYr_xUZA-00357-00195054-00195528 possible to buy their product that's not evil I mean that's just business right. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00358-00195528-00196266 So you have to be the one to know yourself to know when you're purchasing 6cCzYr_xUZA-00359-00196266-00196758 out of pride or your purchasing out of impulse and so on and so forth rather 6cCzYr_xUZA-00360-00196758-00197475 than purchasing on a real need based on affordability. And I might say I 6cCzYr_xUZA-00361-00197475-00197934 said women advertisings are a lot of them are focused on women but men 6cCzYr_xUZA-00362-00197934-00198657 also are targeted for advertising in a certain way because advertisers know 6cCzYr_xUZA-00363-00198657-00199221 that men are greater impulse buyer than women. Women they like to shop 6cCzYr_xUZA-00364-00199221-00199602 they like to look they want to look even if a woman goes into a store she wants 6cCzYr_xUZA-00365-00199602-00199920 to look at something even if she finds it right away the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00366-00199920-00200252 thing she's looking for she's still going to browse around and look at 6cCzYr_xUZA-00367-00200252-00200638 things before she finally settles; men are not like that right we know that I 6cCzYr_xUZA-00368-00200638-00201005 mean men you know there's a reason why they put the men's department right away 6cCzYr_xUZA-00369-00201005-00201440 when you walk into a store you know a big department store and the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00370-00201440-00201882 reason for that is that men will not ask for directions and climb six flights of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00371-00201882-00202188 stairs to find the men's department if they don't find it right away they're 6cCzYr_xUZA-00372-00202188-00202478 done they look at stuff they like it they want to buy it 6cCzYr_xUZA-00373-00202478-00202986 it's impulse buying and marketers know this. Another thing too is that men 6cCzYr_xUZA-00374-00202986-00203484 usually buy more expensive things, they buy less 6cCzYr_xUZA-00375-00203484-00203982 quantity of things but they're the ones that buy the really expensive things 6cCzYr_xUZA-00376-00203982-00204839 that the boat the new car the seadoo or 6cCzYr_xUZA-00377-00204839-00205407 whatever it is, they buy the big toy, and a lot of times men 6cCzYr_xUZA-00378-00205407-00205967 are motivated to purchase through pride. The marketers appeal to their 6cCzYr_xUZA-00379-00205967-00206342 pride, oh my hero. Sometimes I hear people when 6cCzYr_xUZA-00380-00206342-00206696 they they come in with a brand-new car oh they they their congrats 6cCzYr_xUZA-00381-00206696-00207215 congratulations on your new car you know yeah thank you thank you very much you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00382-00207215-00207761 know yeah yeah bought a brand new Buick you know yeah well congratulations you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00383-00207761-00208196 know congratulations you just spent forty thousand bucks you're in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00384-00208196-00208583 debt for the next seven years for this vehicle I don't get the congratulations 6cCzYr_xUZA-00385-00208583-00209171 part, but marketers understand that. And then another thing that is required if 6cCzYr_xUZA-00386-00209171-00209742 you're going to put this idea of living and buying based on your earning 6cCzYr_xUZA-00387-00209742-00210156 power: honesty, self-control, be alert, know what's going on and then 6cCzYr_xUZA-00388-00210156-00210794 learn to be content. We should learn to be satisfied with what we have 6cCzYr_xUZA-00389-00210794-00211479 knowing that God is the one who provided it whatever that is. I want to read a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00390-00211479-00212100 passage out of I Timothy chapter 6, I Timothy chapter 6 Paul talks about 6cCzYr_xUZA-00391-00212100-00212517 this idea and you know he writes this 2,000 years ago and yet it is so 6cCzYr_xUZA-00392-00212517-00213213 apropos for our time today. He says, "But godliness actually is a means of great 6cCzYr_xUZA-00393-00213213-00213548 gain when accompanied by contentment. For we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00394-00213548-00213932 have brought nothing into the world, so we cannot take anything out of it either. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00395-00213932-00214476 If we have food and covering, with these we shall be content. But those who want 6cCzYr_xUZA-00396-00214476-00214955 to get rich fall into temptation and a snare and many foolish and harmful 6cCzYr_xUZA-00397-00214955-00215571 desires which plunge men into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00398-00215571-00216185 root of all sorts of evil, and some by longing for it have wandered away from 6cCzYr_xUZA-00399-00216185-00216896 the faith and pierced themselves with many griefs." And so Paul says we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00400-00216896-00217457 should learn to be satisfied with what we have based on the idea that this is 6cCzYr_xUZA-00401-00217457-00217985 what God has given us, if we have enough to provide an honorable life he says 6cCzYr_xUZA-00402-00217985-00218705 food and clothing and housing if we can live in an honourable way then we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00403-00218705-00219498 should have enough and wanting more than this can be risky at times. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00404-00219498-00220125 The art of being content with what we have at the moment is actually the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00405-00220125-00220740 gateway to freedom and peace of mind and true enjoyment of life because 6cCzYr_xUZA-00406-00220740-00221330 contentment eliminates greed and pride all those inner pressures all those 6cCzYr_xUZA-00407-00221330-00221885 inner fleshly pressures are there because for one reason or another we're 6cCzYr_xUZA-00408-00221885-00222392 not content with what we have. Now some people think that contentment 6cCzYr_xUZA-00409-00222392-00222966 means settling I'll just settle for what I've got that's it who who wants to try 6cCzYr_xUZA-00410-00222966-00223371 I'm not gonna try anymore that's settling based 6cCzYr_xUZA-00411-00223371-00224202 on laziness I think. Contentment is God has given me what I have today and I 6cCzYr_xUZA-00412-00224202-00224802 will give thanks for it, it doesn't mean that I cannot strive to improve my lot 6cCzYr_xUZA-00413-00224802-00225329 to make things better it doesn't mean that but it means but right here and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00414-00225329-00225935 right now and right today I will learn to be content with what I have 6cCzYr_xUZA-00415-00225935-00226346 been given and what I have even if I realize there may be margin for 6cCzYr_xUZA-00416-00226346-00226929 improvement, and the weight contentment is through the practice of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00417-00226929-00227466 thanksgiving. If you just list the things that you actually have and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00418-00227466-00228216 give thanks for those things God enables you to have contentment for what you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00419-00228216-00228477 have. Paul says in Romans first 6cCzYr_xUZA-00420-00228477-00229010 chapter that the first sin the first level of sin is that men refused to give 6cCzYr_xUZA-00421-00229010-00229658 thanks and then from there they just a downward spiral but the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00422-00229658-00230208 opposite is true also the way to move upward spiritually is to begin by giving 6cCzYr_xUZA-00423-00230208-00230730 thanks for what we have today not praying for stuff that we might get in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00424-00230730-00231569 the future but rather have a prayer that gives thanks for the actual things that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00425-00231569-00232358 we have today. And so for men the trick of course for men you know males 6cCzYr_xUZA-00426-00232358-00233069 is to be realistic about what we truly can afford to buy and for women the true 6cCzYr_xUZA-00427-00233069-00233558 challenge of submission is to respect and live with in their husbands or 6cCzYr_xUZA-00428-00233558-00234390 primary earners earning power, that's how we arrived at contentment. Now another 6cCzYr_xUZA-00429-00234390-00234903 good problem-solving technique for financial stress aside from living 6cCzYr_xUZA-00430-00234903-00235442 within your earning power right we say we're going to live within our earnings 6cCzYr_xUZA-00431-00235442-00235942 power and that requires us certain things that we have to do 6cCzYr_xUZA-00432-00235942-00236367 another thing that we can do that helps us to live within our earnings hour is 6cCzYr_xUZA-00433-00236367-00237011 to create a budget: make financial priorities, in other words 6cCzYr_xUZA-00434-00237011-00237405 establish priorities for the way that you're going to spend the money that you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00435-00237405-00238123 do have. For example here are some of the priorities that we should have 6cCzYr_xUZA-00436-00238123-00238746 financially: one of them is we ought to give the first portion of whatever we 6cCzYr_xUZA-00437-00238746-00239384 make to God. Again I want to read a proverb here Proverbs 3:9-10 6cCzYr_xUZA-00438-00239384-00239933 Solomon says, "Honor the Lord from your wealth and from the first of all 6cCzYr_xUZA-00439-00239933-00240312 your prouduce; so your barns will be filled with plenty 6cCzYr_xUZA-00440-00240312-00240882 and your vats will overflow with new wine." So here you have an instruction and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00441-00240882-00241584 a promise the instruction is give to God the first portion of all that you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00442-00241584-00242139 have whatever it is no matter how small or large give Him the first portion 6cCzYr_xUZA-00443-00242139-00242760 notice he doesn't say give Him half or give Him 10% or give Him 70 percent, he 6cCzYr_xUZA-00444-00242760-00243213 doesn't say that he says give Him the first portion given the first slice off 6cCzYr_xUZA-00445-00243213-00244077 the top before you give to anything else taxes rent saving the first portion goes 6cCzYr_xUZA-00446-00244077-00244748 to the Lord he says do that. And then there's a promise the promise is if you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00447-00244748-00245337 do that then God will bless you in a financial way. You see when you give 6cCzYr_xUZA-00448-00245337-00246003 the first portion to God, He blesses the entire amount and the entire amount 6cCzYr_xUZA-00449-00246003-00246494 becomes holy as if you gave Him the entire amount as if you gave Him the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00450-00246494-00246992 entire amount see what I'm saying? I mean God deserves to receive 6cCzYr_xUZA-00451-00246992-00247560 everything that we have really He does, He is worthy that whatever I make 6cCzYr_xUZA-00452-00247560-00248064 whatever I have I should offer it to Him all of it because He's worthy of that 6cCzYr_xUZA-00453-00248064-00248562 but God understands that I need stuff I need to eat and live and so on and so I 6cCzYr_xUZA-00454-00248562-00249069 need to drive a car and so He says well here's what we'll do you give Me the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00455-00249069-00249906 first portion and I will bless the entire amount as if you had given me the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00456-00249906-00250596 entire amount and not only that I will give you the ability to use what's left 6cCzYr_xUZA-00457-00250596-00251328 in the best of ways okay. So when you give the first portion He gives you the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00458-00251328-00252111 wisdom to manage the rest, when you do this what happens is that you express 6cCzYr_xUZA-00459-00252111-00252786 your trust in Him to provide. I mean you know credit limits, credit 6cCzYr_xUZA-00460-00252786-00253394 limits are not financial protection God is your financial protection 6cCzYr_xUZA-00461-00253394-00253967 He's the one that protects you our security is not that we have a like a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00462-00253967-00254435 government job or a government a lot of people I got a government job and I got a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00463-00254435-00254805 government pension you know I'm set for life that's my security no no our 6cCzYr_xUZA-00464-00254805-00255432 security is Jesus Christ the Lord that's our security that I have a secure job 6cCzYr_xUZA-00465-00255432-00256023 with the government and a secure pension that's called a blessing from God that's 6cCzYr_xUZA-00466-00256023-00256830 not called security. Another thing that we need to do as far as 6cCzYr_xUZA-00467-00256830-00257331 making financial priorities giving the first portion to God is to establish a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00468-00257331-00257988 reasonable budget. If you establish a reasonable budget then you will be able 6cCzYr_xUZA-00469-00257988-00258576 to manage the rest of your income in a wise way not forgetting to provide for 6cCzYr_xUZA-00470-00258576-00259367 your family. I have here just a very simple budget guideline worked out by a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00471-00259367-00259779 Christian economists some people are shocked you know but I've seen it work 6cCzYr_xUZA-00472-00259779-00260411 in many homes where it has been tried and basically this budget 6cCzYr_xUZA-00473-00260411-00260783 here says you put your gross income and I think everybody's got a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00474-00260783-00261267 copy of this worksheet those people who are watching this on a DVD this 6cCzYr_xUZA-00475-00261267-00261671 worksheet and all other worksheets are available online you just download them 6cCzYr_xUZA-00476-00261671-00262326 from YouTube. So this guideline budget you put your gross income, the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00477-00262326-00262656 total income from what everything you get you you're still working but you're 6cCzYr_xUZA-00478-00262656-00263006 collecting part of a pension all of that that's all in the pile okay, 6cCzYr_xUZA-00479-00263006-00263556 then what you do is you take God's part first percentage of that gross whatever 6cCzYr_xUZA-00480-00263556-00264206 that is, the Bible in the Old Testament said 10% but you decide it's a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00481-00264206-00264531 portion that you give 10% was a guideline 6cCzYr_xUZA-00482-00264531-00265251 you know why 10%? Because when we give 10% off the top to God it requires 6cCzYr_xUZA-00483-00265251-00265641 sacrifice, that's why. Giving 6cCzYr_xUZA-00484-00265641-00266049 at the 10% level is the beginning of sacrifice that's I mean it gets harder 6cCzYr_xUZA-00485-00266049-00266592 and harder if you go to 12 15 20 percent but at 10 percent is the threshold for 6cCzYr_xUZA-00486-00266592-00267099 sacrifice it costs you something to be able to give God 10% of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00487-00267099-00267468 your gross. Then of course taxes and all those type 6cCzYr_xUZA-00488-00267468-00268014 of things have to be taken out and then the net spending income is based on a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00489-00268014-00268419 percentage in other words you shouldn't spend more than a certain amount of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00490-00268419-00268995 percentage on certain items so housing and all that goes with that should not 6cCzYr_xUZA-00491-00268995-00269579 be more than 30 percent 32 percent of your net income food 15 percent auto 15 6cCzYr_xUZA-00492-00269579-00269994 insurance debts and so on and so forth. It's not based on a number it's based on 6cCzYr_xUZA-00493-00269994-00270530 a percentage so the more money you make for example then the more 6cCzYr_xUZA-00494-00270530-00271331 actual money you have to spend on each different category all right. So if you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00495-00271331-00271815 are living according to your means in other words you're living based on your 6cCzYr_xUZA-00496-00271815-00272697 earnings then this is a wise way to divide that money to enable you to have 6cCzYr_xUZA-00497-00272697-00273377 some sort of financial balance. All right so let's have a bit of a summary 6cCzYr_xUZA-00498-00273377-00273741 here if you wish for this a lesson listen we're 6cCzYr_xUZA-00499-00273741-00274208 devoting one lesson to this topic and there are many seminars where 6cCzYr_xUZA-00500-00274208-00274532 you have an entire weekend when you're talking just about money but I think 6cCzYr_xUZA-00501-00274532-00274866 we've kind of touched some of the high points here some of the important points 6cCzYr_xUZA-00502-00274866-00275394 hopefully this has been helpful to you. So let's summarize first of all if you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00503-00275394-00276174 spend more than you earn you are in debt and debts cause pressure especially in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00504-00276174-00276792 a marriage relationship. Secondly there are positive and negative 6cCzYr_xUZA-00505-00276792-00277218 ways of dealing with this kind of financial pressure we've talked about 6cCzYr_xUZA-00506-00277218-00277626 the negative ways you know you can ignore it, you can try to escape it, you 6cCzYr_xUZA-00507-00277626-00278078 can try to increase your workload, you can divorce your partner and do all 6cCzYr_xUZA-00508-00278078-00278681 kinds of things but those solutions simply create more problems and more 6cCzYr_xUZA-00509-00278681-00279195 pressure. And then of course there are some more positive solutions you can 6cCzYr_xUZA-00510-00279195-00279822 exercise honesty you know realize this is how much I make this is where I'm at 6cCzYr_xUZA-00511-00279822-00280178 this is how much I can spend, you can exercise 6cCzYr_xUZA-00512-00280178-00280696 self-control you know don't let don't let those buttons get pushed 6cCzYr_xUZA-00513-00280696-00281498 don't respond in that way, you can cultivate contentment through 6cCzYr_xUZA-00514-00281498-00282125 thanksgiving and the recognition of what God has given you, and of course doing 6cCzYr_xUZA-00515-00282125-00282518 these things will mean that hopefully you'll be able to live within your means. 6cCzYr_xUZA-00516-00282518-00283277 Again today I live within my means today if I want to if I am able I'm always 6cCzYr_xUZA-00517-00283277-00283760 working to improve my means if I wish thankfully the wonderful thing about 6cCzYr_xUZA-00518-00283760-00284144 this country is that we're allowed we can do that we can make the effort to 6cCzYr_xUZA-00519-00284144-00284933 improve our situation. All right and so this contentment as I was saying 6cCzYr_xUZA-00520-00284933-00285581 in living within your means and this can be done all of us can do this and all of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00521-00285581-00286178 us can start doing this regardless of where we're at in our life cycle, you can 6cCzYr_xUZA-00522-00286178-00286559 begin this by of course giving God the first portion in 6cCzYr_xUZA-00523-00286559-00287312 everything, remember a lot of times we're holding back from God and He knows it 6cCzYr_xUZA-00524-00287312-00287792 even if no one else knows that He knows what we're holding back from Him. There's 6cCzYr_xUZA-00525-00287792-00288311 great relief there's great praise and there's great satisfaction in knowing 6cCzYr_xUZA-00526-00288311-00288713 that we're giving God a portion of everything that we have there's a 6cCzYr_xUZA-00527-00288713-00289346 marvelous sense of freedom and trust that comes when we reach that level. So 6cCzYr_xUZA-00528-00289346-00289853 we give God the first portion of everything and then we trust Him to help 6cCzYr_xUZA-00529-00289853-00290587 us manage the rest. Good management begins with a reasonable 6cCzYr_xUZA-00530-00290587-00290999 budget and of course I give you the budget those figures 6cCzYr_xUZA-00531-00290999-00291557 they're helping us get some approximations all right giving us 6cCzYr_xUZA-00532-00291557-00292276 guidelines on how we can do this. So I encourage us all of us singles widows 6cCzYr_xUZA-00533-00292276-00292934 married couples everyone I encourage us not to get caught in the 6cCzYr_xUZA-00534-00292934-00293564 money trap and allow Satan a foothold in our emotional lives 6cCzYr_xUZA-00535-00293564-00294113 in our financial lives and of course in our married lives through the misuse of 6cCzYr_xUZA-00536-00294113-00294634 money. Well that's our lesson for today I appreciate everyone following along and 6cCzYr_xUZA-00537-00294634-00295081 we'll be back next time with lesson number seven in our series In Love for 6cCzYr_xUZA-00538-00295081-00295755 Life, Building or Rebuilding a Great Marriage. Thank you very much. 6dpbCWcYpiY-00000-00002352-00002984 so 6dpbCWcYpiY-00001-00004008-00004040 wow 6duJjsCI9v0-00000-00000014-00000338 “Tired of being pessimistic, thinking about México as a drifting boat, 6duJjsCI9v0-00001-00000338-00000438 Tired of being indifferent... 6duJjsCI9v0-00002-00000438-00001121 The brave attitude of the (Ibero's students ( #131) had to deepen our hearts and raise 6duJjsCI9v0-00003-00001121-00001258 our suppressed voices ” 6dXIcjWsNn8-00000-00000094-00000386 So it is 10:50 PM. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00001-00000538-00000811 We’ve been stuck in dead traffic since 8:30 PM. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00002-00000934-00001172 Cars look like they’re just starting to move. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00003-00001250-00001998 We’ve been a… driven about maybe 8 hours of a 42-hour drive. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00004-00002074-00002256 It’s gonna be a fun road trip. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00005-00002512-00002696 Ever wonder what deputation is like? 6dXIcjWsNn8-00006-00002697-00002804 We did! 6dXIcjWsNn8-00007-00002804-00003134 And that's why we created this video segment called The Reach Maui Minute. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00008-00003134-00003574 Travel along with us as we share the struggles, fun times, and provision of God through the 6dXIcjWsNn8-00009-00003574-00003732 deputation journey. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00010-00003896-00004272 One thing every missionary on deputation has to get used to is long road trips! 6dXIcjWsNn8-00011-00004272-00004592 As we finished up our travels this month on the West Coast, a coast-to-coast road trip 6dXIcjWsNn8-00012-00004592-00004743 was necessary to get back East. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00013-00004743-00005067 As Katie and Lei flew home for Thanksgiving, my brother-in-law flew out to California to 6dXIcjWsNn8-00014-00005067-00005323 help me drive the over 42-hour transition. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00015-00005323-00005636 As we set off from sunny southern California, the drive was going smoothly until we hit 6dXIcjWsNn8-00016-00005636-00005816 a sudden change in weather. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00017-00005816-00006148 Nearly getting into an accident ourselves due to icy roads, traffic came to a dead stop 6dXIcjWsNn8-00018-00006148-00006497 for several hours due to accidents and Highway closures on the I-40 in Arizona. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00019-00006497-00006928 A section of highway that would usually take about 2 hours became an overnight, 7-hour 6dXIcjWsNn8-00020-00006928-00007409 thrill ride through ice, snow, car accidents, and several vehicles stuck in ditches. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00021-00007409-00007761 Needless to say, we made it through the night, and we were very thankful when the sun began 6dXIcjWsNn8-00022-00007761-00007920 to rise and the roads became clear. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00023-00007920-00008234 Though we dealt with snowfall again as we entered Pennsylvania and Connecticut, the 6dXIcjWsNn8-00024-00008234-00008546 road conditions weren’t nearly as bad as the first part of the trip. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00025-00008546-00008748 Long drives are a regular part of deputation! 6dXIcjWsNn8-00026-00008748-00009106 I want to encourage you to be aware of this when a missionary family comes to your church. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00027-00009106-00009364 You never know how long that family had to drive to present at your church. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00028-00009364-00009622 You never know the kind of road conditions and problems they had to go through. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00029-00009622-00009934 Though they may look excited to be at your church (and I’m sure they are), be aware 6dXIcjWsNn8-00030-00009934-00010222 that they may have just finished a week-long conference and driven hundreds of miles through the 6dXIcjWsNn8-00031-00010222-00010456 night so they could share their burden for lost souls at your church. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00032-00010484-00010796 This is just an illustration I’m giving, but it speaks a lot of truth for missionaries 6dXIcjWsNn8-00033-00010797-00010928 on deputation. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00034-00010964-00011126 Thanks for watching this Reach Maui Minute! 6dXIcjWsNn8-00035-00011126-00011454 Over the next month, please pray for Reach Maui and the Brunks in these three ways: 6dXIcjWsNn8-00036-00011486-00011803 1) For God to provide 15 more partners at $100 monthly. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00037-00011804-00012092 2) For wisdom as we finish our support raising on the East Coast. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00038-00012092-00012378 And 3) For clear vision and direction as we enter the New Year. 6dXIcjWsNn8-00039-00012378-00012852 If this is your first time hearing about Reach Maui, we want to encourage you to visit reachmaui.org today! 6dXIcjWsNn8-00040-00012852-00013302 Take a few minutes and discover how you can support the vision to further the Gospel to the people of Maui. 6giGFnOBrJY-00000-00000192-00000394 Now I'm want to talk about rolling friction. 6giGFnOBrJY-00001-00000394-00001094 Rolling friction is a simple example of what you can do with the equations of equilibrium. 6giGFnOBrJY-00002-00001094-00001329 The general thing that you need to remember here 6giGFnOBrJY-00003-00001329-00001748 is that rolling friction is separate and quite different from sliding friction. 6giGFnOBrJY-00004-00001748-00002260 You can have something sliding along or rolling along, but it's not going to be both. 6giGFnOBrJY-00005-00002261-00002581 It's kind of like tipping; it's another choice. 6giGFnOBrJY-00006-00002581-00003115 So if you have a wheel that's going like this and it's rolling along with no friction at all, 6giGFnOBrJY-00007-00003115-00003272 there is no horizontal force here. 6giGFnOBrJY-00008-00003272-00003769 I mean the sum of the forces on this wheel is 0, so there's no friction. 6giGFnOBrJY-00009-00003769-00004246 But we know of course in the real world that a wheel rolling like this will slow down. 6giGFnOBrJY-00010-00004246-00004673 So there has to be some sort of P making it keep going. 6giGFnOBrJY-00011-00004673-00004812 As soon as you have this, 6giGFnOBrJY-00012-00004812-00005107 now your sum of the forces in y tells you that W equals N. 6giGFnOBrJY-00013-00005107-00005238 Sum of the forces in x tells you that 6giGFnOBrJY-00014-00005238-00005668 P has to equal some sort of horizontal reaction force: friction. 6giGFnOBrJY-00015-00005668-00005857 So there has to be this sort of F. 6giGFnOBrJY-00016-00005857-00006246 Now the other thing that you need to keep knowing is that: 6giGFnOBrJY-00017-00006246-00006684 to balance the moments this normal force can't act right under the weight. 6giGFnOBrJY-00018-00006684-00007135 This is the same as when we have a crate sitting on a surface like this: 6giGFnOBrJY-00019-00007135-00007617 and the moment that is caused by P, tending to turn this way, 6giGFnOBrJY-00020-00007617-00007953 has to be balanced by a normal force, tending to turn this way, 6giGFnOBrJY-00021-00007953-00008195 about the point under the weight. 6giGFnOBrJY-00022-00008195-00008568 So we're going to actually slide this normal force that way by some distance. 6giGFnOBrJY-00023-00008568-00009086 We'll call that distance b. That's the coefficient of rolling resistance. 6giGFnOBrJY-00024-00009086-00009410 So the general principle here is to keep the wheel rolling I'm going to need a P. 6giGFnOBrJY-00025-00009410-00009898 To balance the P the surface must apply some type of friction force F 6giGFnOBrJY-00026-00009898-00010274 as well as some sort of normal force N to balance the weight. 6giGFnOBrJY-00027-00010274-00010545 To balance the moments N has to move to the right 6giGFnOBrJY-00028-00010545-00010861 by some distance which we're going to call b. 6giGFnOBrJY-00029-00010861-00010950 So the sum of the forces. 6giGFnOBrJY-00030-00010950-00011195 If I take it right here where the normal force is applied, 6giGFnOBrJY-00031-00011195-00011386 if I sum those moments, what I end up with is 6giGFnOBrJY-00032-00011386-00011699 the weight times this perpendicular distance 6giGFnOBrJY-00033-00011699-00012193 has to be balanced by this P times it's perpendicular distance 6giGFnOBrJY-00034-00012193-00012439 which is the radius of the wheel. 6giGFnOBrJY-00035-00012440-00012878 So here I have W times b equals P times the radius of the wheel. 6giGFnOBrJY-00036-00012878-00013334 Now we call this b the coefficient of rolling resistance. 6giGFnOBrJY-00037-00013334-00013662 It's kind of funny coefficient because it actually has units of length. 6giGFnOBrJY-00038-00013662-00014016 So it's not a unit-less coefficient. This is actually units of length. 6giGFnOBrJY-00039-00014016-00014307 Now, there are some people who like to say, 6giGFnOBrJY-00040-00014307-00014506 "I'm going to call the coefficient of rolling resistance 6giGFnOBrJY-00041-00014506-00014922 actually b divided by rw, the radius of the wheel," 6giGFnOBrJY-00042-00014922-00015138 so that you have a non-dimensional coefficient. 6giGFnOBrJY-00043-00015138-00015286 So if you're going to look these up on a table, 6giGFnOBrJY-00044-00015286-00015426 make sure you understand what you're getting -- 6giGFnOBrJY-00045-00015426-00015852 whether you're actually getting b or b divided by rw. 6giGFnOBrJY-00046-00015894-00016371 So what do these numbers actually look like? 6giGFnOBrJY-00047-00016371-00016696 If you're talking about a railroad car -- so here's my railroad car. 6giGFnOBrJY-00048-00016696-00017103 I'm going to have Nw number of wheels. 6giGFnOBrJY-00049-00017103-00017373 So on a railroad car, you might have 8 wheels. 6giGFnOBrJY-00050-00017373-00017581 If it's a steel wheel and it's a steel rail, 6giGFnOBrJY-00051-00017581-00018168 you're talking about a b that's on the order of .001 times the radius of the wheel. 6giGFnOBrJY-00052-00018168-00018587 So these are very tiny rolling friction. 6giGFnOBrJY-00053-00018587-00019181 Car tires on asphalt end up being ten times that: .03. 6giGFnOBrJY-00054-00019181-00019734 Car tire on loose sand: it takes again ten times more power 6giGFnOBrJY-00055-00019734-00020198 to keep the car rolling on loose sand than it does for these other two cases. 6giGFnOBrJY-00056-00020198-00020440 So here's our free-body diagram. 6giGFnOBrJY-00057-00020440-00020799 For each wheel I will have W over the number of wheels, 6giGFnOBrJY-00058-00020799-00021095 I will have P over the number of wheels -- 6giGFnOBrJY-00059-00021095-00021671 this is the amount of power, amount of gas, amount of go-juice that you need 6giGFnOBrJY-00060-00021671-00022074 to have this wheel keep going once it's turning. 6giGFnOBrJY-00061-00022074-00022256 My reaction force down here R 6giGFnOBrJY-00062-00022256-00022732 -- now, I just took N and F and added it up to get a single force R 6giGFnOBrJY-00063-00022732-00022895 that acts at some angle theta. 6giGFnOBrJY-00064-00022895-00023595 We know now remember that that theta will be phi_s when slipping occurs. 6giGFnOBrJY-00065-00023614-00024001 So at my axis b -- here are my equations of equilibrium. 6giGFnOBrJY-00066-00024001-00024479 Sum of the forces in x: this is going to be my friction force. 6giGFnOBrJY-00067-00024479-00024984 Sum of the Forces in y: my weight is balanced by the normal force. 6giGFnOBrJY-00068-00024984-00025182 And then the sum of the moments at some point -- 6giGFnOBrJY-00069-00025182-00025337 I took it about point Q -- 6giGFnOBrJY-00070-00025337-00025587 gives me about the same thing as I had before. 6giGFnOBrJY-00071-00025587-00025817 Please don't memorize these formulas. 6giGFnOBrJY-00072-00025817-00026039 What you need to do is draw your free-body diagrams 6giGFnOBrJY-00073-00026039-00026251 and actually go with it from there. 6giGFnOBrJY-00074-00026251-00026623 If you want to put some of these numbers into a case like this: 6giGFnOBrJY-00075-00026623-00027273 if you took a 100-ton railroad car, it takes 300 pounds of force 6giGFnOBrJY-00076-00027273-00027552 if you're talking about a b like this. 6giGFnOBrJY-00077-00027552-00027919 Once it starts going, and it's rolling, and it's at a steady state rolling condition, 6giGFnOBrJY-00078-00027919-00028392 it's going to take 300 pounds to keep it going, to overcome rolling resistance. 6giGFnOBrJY-00079-00028392-00028829 This is different than like a two-ton automobile, a 4,000-pound car. 6giGFnOBrJY-00080-00028829-00029294 A 4,000-pound car might take 120 pounds to keep the car going. 6giGFnOBrJY-00081-00029294-00029758 Now that doesn't actually move nearly as much stuff as the 100 ton-railroad car 6giGFnOBrJY-00082-00029758-00029989 (which is why we use railroads.) 6giGFnOBrJY-00083-00029989-00030310 It's important to sort of notice that this -- 6giGFnOBrJY-00084-00030310-00030557 there are two other things we can talk about here with rolling resistance. 6giGFnOBrJY-00085-00030557-00030997 One is that, if you have a wheel that's rolling down the hill, 6giGFnOBrJY-00086-00030997-00031360 sometimes this vertical force and the horizontal force 6giGFnOBrJY-00087-00031360-00031585 are both components of the weight. 6giGFnOBrJY-00088-00031585-00031814 So if you have a wheel rolling down a slope, 6giGFnOBrJY-00089-00031814-00032106 you'll have a component of the weight that's acting along the slope 6giGFnOBrJY-00090-00032106-00032372 and one that acting perpendicular to the slope. 6giGFnOBrJY-00091-00032372-00032600 Same picture, just tilted. 6giGFnOBrJY-00092-00032627-00032946 And the other thing you need to realize about rolling resistance is that 6giGFnOBrJY-00093-00032946-00033372 it comes from the general squishiness of your surface. 6giGFnOBrJY-00094-00033373-00033806 So if you have something sitting on a surface -- no surface is rigid. 6giGFnOBrJY-00095-00033806-00034130 Nothing is rigid -- crash -- nothing is rigid. 6giGFnOBrJY-00096-00034130-00034360 So what you end up with is the notion that 6giGFnOBrJY-00097-00034360-00034718 as you're going, you're actually deforming the surface, 6giGFnOBrJY-00098-00034718-00035051 and you're creating a ridge of material that you have to overcome. 6giGFnOBrJY-00099-00035051-00035374 And that's where that rolling resistance comes from. 6giGFnOBrJY-00100-00035374-00035444 Thanks. 6h0SdGWHaW4-00000-00000139-00000585 hi guys today we're gonna be doing a water bottle challenge you guys ready 6h0SdGWHaW4-00001-00000585-00001519 okay wait wait wait wait okay so we're gonna have five minutes okay to see who can put 6h0SdGWHaW4-00002-00001519-00002180 the bottles and stand a bottle up okay y'all you wanna get a practice chance right quick 6h0SdGWHaW4-00003-00002180-00002280 yeah 6h0SdGWHaW4-00004-00002280-00002880 let me try one time but check this out listen whoever win in five minutes you know get you 6h0SdGWHaW4-00005-00002880-00005320 know what the prize is y'all know what the prize is 6h0SdGWHaW4-00006-00005320-00006404 that means we gotta stop let's see who can do it the most okay you guys ready yeah one 6h0SdGWHaW4-00007-00006404-00007250 two three go oh there's one for me that's when we got five minutes let's go let's keep 6h0SdGWHaW4-00008-00007250-00007879 going that wasn't a place for me no that's not a point that oh that's one thing that's 6h0SdGWHaW4-00009-00007879-00008486 one yeah they got one they got one [Music] 6h0SdGWHaW4-00010-00008486-00010660 okay we all got one oh you all got one on that one oh that's two for me oh that I keep 6h0SdGWHaW4-00011-00010660-00011699 talking stuff three that's three oh yeah oh yeah oh yeah three oh yeah so three one one 6h0SdGWHaW4-00012-00011699-00012543 what you guys hey what you got oh that's two good job good job man give me some good jobs 6h0SdGWHaW4-00013-00012543-00012643 eh 6h0SdGWHaW4-00014-00012643-00013483 they got two three oh there's three they got three oh I didn't I didn't touch it with my 6h0SdGWHaW4-00015-00013483-00014683 hands oh is that what you got I said that's fine I mean that was about it oh almost almost 6h0SdGWHaW4-00016-00014683-00014783 oh 6h0SdGWHaW4-00017-00014783-00015666 what's that oh almost almost to me you guys say what you guys saying oh that's four oh 6h0SdGWHaW4-00018-00015666-00016622 yeah amazing yeah oh yeah that's four for me 6h0SdGWHaW4-00019-00016622-00016722 oh 6h0SdGWHaW4-00020-00016722-00017580 I see Jay I see you today what you got 6h0SdGWHaW4-00021-00017580-00018324 uh oh almost oh that's four that's four no that's five that's five okay okay let's keep 6h0SdGWHaW4-00022-00018324-00018954 going let's keep going they got five he got the lead right now [Music] oh that's fine 6h0SdGWHaW4-00023-00018954-00020381 oh yeah water bottle hit my um okay that's five okay [Music] that's it that's it okay 6h0SdGWHaW4-00024-00020381-00020959 oh man that is really good at this 6h0SdGWHaW4-00025-00020959-00021901 oh is that is that what you got over there man I got one two I got two okay oh that's 6h0SdGWHaW4-00026-00021901-00022822 it oh yeah oh yeah oh yeah 6h0SdGWHaW4-00027-00022822-00023362 oh almost oh my God 6h0SdGWHaW4-00028-00023362-00025123 guys time running out yeah that means you gotta keep trying seven seven oh my God 6h0SdGWHaW4-00029-00025123-00026895 oh that's seven oh yeah everybody 6h0SdGWHaW4-00030-00026895-00027000 I got eight oh 6h0SdGWHaW4-00031-00027000-00028127 I'll do it in my boxes oh I can't get it oh 6h0SdGWHaW4-00032-00028127-00029450 man what you gotta open it oh okay that's not for you today that's not I'm doing this 6h0SdGWHaW4-00033-00029450-00030494 okay oh my goodness 6h0SdGWHaW4-00034-00030494-00030614 Daddy 6h0SdGWHaW4-00035-00030614-00031064 oh almost oh 6h0SdGWHaW4-00036-00031064-00031594 come on come on come on 6h0SdGWHaW4-00037-00031594-00032558 say what you got 10 yeah come on we gotta catch up to himself time running out oh almost 6h0SdGWHaW4-00038-00032558-00032711 ah 6h0SdGWHaW4-00039-00032711-00033927 Mommy I thought he made it so much 6h0SdGWHaW4-00040-00033927-00034531 they ain't got another one yet oh no no I say that there they go nope 6h0SdGWHaW4-00042-00037531-00038390 [Applause] [Music] 6h0SdGWHaW4-00043-00038390-00041116 okay so all right so the winner is is it that is it me is it there the winner is 6h0SdGWHaW4-00044-00041116-00041221 [Applause] 6h0SdGWHaW4-00045-00041221-00041716 [Music] make sure you subscribe bye 6h0SdGWHaW4-00046-00041716-00041921 [Music] thank you 6h7YSvKfacQ-00000-00000043-00000687 The conventional phrases, "desire of the flesh"..."sins of the flesh"..." lusts of the 6h7YSvKfacQ-00001-00000687-00001209 flesh" are totally at variance with the real phenomena of erotic temptation. In 6h7YSvKfacQ-00002-00001209-00001647 real temptation the "flesh" does not enter at all. There is the generative nerve 6h7YSvKfacQ-00003-00001647-00002151 where like a twisted serpent the scales of the embryo Lust-Dragon simmer and 6h7YSvKfacQ-00004-00002151-00002640 ferment, and there is the brain nerve towards which that quivering forked 6h7YSvKfacQ-00005-00002640-00003204 tongue sends out its cry of confederacy! The repercussions of both these things 6h7YSvKfacQ-00006-00003204-00003846 are mental, spiritual, ethereal, astral, immaterial, psychic and as utterly 6h7YSvKfacQ-00007-00003846-00004404 removed from the "flesh" as they are from "matter." It is the thing of nerves, this 6h7YSvKfacQ-00008-00004404-00005007 "brutish sting," this erotic obsession, of nerves and of the psyche, the soul, the 6h7YSvKfacQ-00009-00005007-00005612 self! The flesh is pathetically, beautifully, grotesquely innocent. It is 6h7YSvKfacQ-00010-00005612-00006155 in the nerves that all lecheries, all lusts, all passions lie...in the nerves and 6h7YSvKfacQ-00011-00006155-00006663 the imagination. It is the erotic nerve, the tightly coiled snake with the 6h7YSvKfacQ-00012-00006663-00007125 flickering tongue, always waiting to leap, that creates that under-sea of 6h7YSvKfacQ-00013-00007125-00007617 fluctuating images, wherein Matter and Flesh have been reduced to tenuous and 6h7YSvKfacQ-00014-00007617-00008127 filmy wraiths, but from which the "nerve perilous" can feed with its vibrant 6h7YSvKfacQ-00015-00008127-00008628 tantalisations the excited soul! All good springs from the nerves and from 6h7YSvKfacQ-00016-00008628-00009165 the mind. All evil springs from the nerves and from the mind. Innocent, 6h7YSvKfacQ-00017-00009165-00009872 neutral, harmless, beautiful, neither good nor evil, is the mortal flesh of men and 6h7YSvKfacQ-00018-00009872-00010334 of beasts and of the grasses of the field! 6hJL2eOe8p8-00000-00000000-00000429 My name is Ronson Madathil, I'm assistant professor in cardiac surgery and my 6hJL2eOe8p8-00001-00000429-00000868 focus is adult cardiac with a particular subspecialty focus in 6hJL2eOe8p8-00002-00000868-00001116 heart and lung transplantation and mechanical devices. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00003-00001116-00001342 I did my cardiac training at UCLA. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00004-00001342-00001730 I also got board-certified in critical care 6hJL2eOe8p8-00005-00001730-00002002 focusing in cardiothoracic up at the University of Washington. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00006-00002002-00002544 And then I did my training in transplant and mechanical support over at the 6hJL2eOe8p8-00007-00002544-00002738 Brigham Women's Hospital in Boston. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00008-00002738-00003082 In terms of heart and lung transplant you know there's a lot of 6hJL2eOe8p8-00009-00003082-00003568 heart and lung disease, people with history smoking, others or genetic diseases, etc. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00010-00003568-00003951 We have a lot of therapies, a lot of medical therapies, and things that we've 6hJL2eOe8p8-00011-00003951-00004174 had advances in, but at the end of the day, 6hJL2eOe8p8-00012-00004174-00004576 sometimes that doesn't work and so it gets to the point where 6hJL2eOe8p8-00013-00004576-00004767 people are end-stage with their heart failure or 6hJL2eOe8p8-00014-00004767-00005090 end-stage with their lung disease and it becomes time to 6hJL2eOe8p8-00015-00005090-00005268 replace those organs. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00016-00005268-00005775 Transplant, which is kind of an advanced and big surgery is 6hJL2eOe8p8-00017-00005775-00006038 something that really can help people right away. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00018-00006038-00006378 When it comes to the mechanical support for patients and heart failure, 6hJL2eOe8p8-00019-00006378-00006678 sometimes you can go straight to the heart transplant, 6hJL2eOe8p8-00020-00006678-00006898 sometimes they're either ineligible or 6hJL2eOe8p8-00021-00006898-00007178 they're too sick to wait. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00022-00007178-00007520 We can use the the ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00023-00007520-00007806 These are things that are really becoming standard of care that I wish 6hJL2eOe8p8-00024-00007806-00008031 patients knew that they had available to them 6hJL2eOe8p8-00025-00008031-00008388 and then could ask their doctors and get referred to appropriately 6hJL2eOe8p8-00026-00008388-00008616 earlier rather than later because unfortunately 6hJL2eOe8p8-00027-00008616-00008832 some of the times we can't offer things is 6hJL2eOe8p8-00028-00008832-00008998 because they come to us a little too late. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00029-00008998-00009410 And I wish that's something that we could do better at 6hJL2eOe8p8-00030-00009410-00009634 in terms of access and education. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00031-00009634-00009970 My research focus is basically within this, I do 6hJL2eOe8p8-00032-00009970-00010294 ECMO which is a cousin to the heart-lung machine. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00033-00010294-00010632 As a way of stabilizing patients 6hJL2eOe8p8-00034-00010632-00010982 either to recovery or to heart-lung transplant 6hJL2eOe8p8-00035-00010982-00011382 and so I do a lot of work with that and then in particular 6hJL2eOe8p8-00036-00011382-00011728 I'm also interested in resuscitation, what we call E-CPR which also 6hJL2eOe8p8-00037-00011728-00011934 uses the ECMO machine but basically 6hJL2eOe8p8-00038-00011934-00012324 current results with CPR, despite what Hollywood tells you, 6hJL2eOe8p8-00039-00012324-00012480 it's not exactly very good. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00040-00012480-00012729 But we have a pretty robust system here 6hJL2eOe8p8-00041-00012729-00012994 where we're able to get to the bedside pretty rapidly. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00042-00012994-00013360 Pretty advanced therapies including the ECMO machine and get someone on right away 6hJL2eOe8p8-00043-00013360-00013630 so they're not getting CPR for a long time and immediately start to 6hJL2eOe8p8-00044-00013630-00013784 restore their blood flow and 6hJL2eOe8p8-00045-00013784-00014058 perfusion of their brain and the rest of their organs 6hJL2eOe8p8-00046-00014058-00014313 and so those outcomes have been very good here and 6hJL2eOe8p8-00047-00014313-00014544 that's something that I'm looking to continue to push forward and 6hJL2eOe8p8-00048-00014544-00014761 hopefully make it more widely available in the country. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00049-00014761-00015122 My goal for patients really is as a matter of quality of life. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00050-00015122-00015450 I think a lot of places and I think it's easy to get caught up in the statistics 6hJL2eOe8p8-00051-00015450-00015872 and just oh, you know, we have to treat, we have to do surgery, we have to do whatever, 6hJL2eOe8p8-00052-00015872-00016172 but I really would like to see for patients is 6hJL2eOe8p8-00053-00016172-00016424 if they get what's going to get them what they want out of life. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00054-00016424-00016708 So with whatever time we all have on this earth, 6hJL2eOe8p8-00055-00016708-00016946 that it's a good quality 6hJL2eOe8p8-00056-00016946-00017108 and the quality that they want. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00057-00017108-00017508 So sometimes that is transplant, VAD or ECMO 6hJL2eOe8p8-00058-00017508-00017852 or any of the things that we offer and that I specialize in, 6hJL2eOe8p8-00059-00017852-00018016 but sometimes it's also, 6hJL2eOe8p8-00060-00018016-00018304 look with what you have sometimes we can't, 6hJL2eOe8p8-00061-00018304-00018504 you know it's not an option for them. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00062-00018504-00018846 And instead, I'd like to get them home to their families or 6hJL2eOe8p8-00063-00018846-00018998 enjoy the life that they have. 6hJL2eOe8p8-00064-00018998-00019242 And so I think that's my goal is really 6hJL2eOe8p8-00065-00019242-00019728 the quality as opposed to just doing one thing or another. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00000-00000000-00000083 - What we're going to do is, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00001-00000083-00000360 we're gonna divert water to this point, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00002-00000360-00000587 (hip hop instrumentals) 6iGJAJy6dkI-00003-00000587-00000913 make the water run back 6iGJAJy6dkI-00004-00000913-00001063 to this low point. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00005-00001186-00001373 From the driveway, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00006-00001373-00001657 we're going to make water come down this way. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00007-00001657-00001927 For sure got to have the smart tools out for this one. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00008-00002568-00002961 As always, hope everyone's doing well and staying positive. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00009-00003064-00003388 (hip hop music ) 6iGJAJy6dkI-00010-00003388-00003489 So we're going to be removing 6iGJAJy6dkI-00011-00003489-00003767 about 1600 square feet of concrete. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00012-00003767-00003953 We're going to replace it with concrete, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00013-00003953-00004097 it's going to be a broom finish. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00014-00004097-00004290 The good thing about this concrete is 6iGJAJy6dkI-00015-00004290-00004505 that it's about 50-60 years old, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00016-00004505-00004970 most of it's two or three inches, and it has no rebar. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00017-00004970-00005266 So with the Bobcat MT-55, as you can see here, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00018-00005266-00005443 we just kind of get under the concrete, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00019-00005443-00005753 lift it up a little bit, and it just breaks apart. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00020-00005753-00005996 We also got a Bosch Jackhammer out here, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00021-00005996-00006235 it makes light work of it as well. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00022-00006235-00006569 (hip hop instrumentals) 6iGJAJy6dkI-00023-00007070-00007316 A little tricky here. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00024-00007316-00007625 Here, old school garage, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00025-00007625-00007845 you've got different elevations back there 6iGJAJy6dkI-00026-00007845-00008214 So the bottom of here, it's going to be a new grade. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00027-00008486-00008748 You get the water out, so from this garage here, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00028-00008848-00009269 the water is going to go to right here, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00029-00009610-00009725 which is a low point. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00030-00009935-00010226 The water in this square where you see that 2 x 4 at, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00031-00010226-00010639 all that water is going to come kind of at a slight angle, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00032-00010639-00010871 it's going to hit this low point. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00033-00010871-00011074 This low point we're going to put a catch basin in here 6iGJAJy6dkI-00034-00011074-00011406 and maybe a dry well system in here for the water. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00035-00011610-00011727 We got part of the driveway, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00036-00011727-00011976 that first stake by that string, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00037-00011976-00012379 that water is going to come back here and hit this as well. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00038-00012483-00012711 From there, it's going to go forward and out. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00039-00012809-00013142 (hip hop instrumentals) 6iGJAJy6dkI-00040-00013637-00013876 - Okay, so now that we've got this back formed up, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00041-00013876-00014156 in this area we're going to put some concrete pavers. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00042-00014156-00014460 Still quite haven't figured out the design with it, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00043-00014460-00014622 but we're going to run it by the homeowners 6iGJAJy6dkI-00044-00014622-00014808 once we get it together. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00045-00014808-00015036 Next up is going to be some base rock, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00046-00015036-00015206 and then we're gonna get to rebar. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00047-00015295-00015629 (hip hop instrumentals) 6iGJAJy6dkI-00048-00019848-00020086 As with any concrete driveway or slab, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00049-00020086-00020323 you want to make sure you add base rock. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00050-00020323-00020447 You could think of the base rock 6iGJAJy6dkI-00051-00020447-00020626 as a subfloor for concrete. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00052-00020967-00021147 You guys probably remember earlier in the video, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00053-00021147-00021294 I was giving an explanation on 6iGJAJy6dkI-00054-00021294-00021514 how the drainage was going to run. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00055-00021514-00021778 Well, we ended up making the drainage run, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00056-00021778-00021949 we ended up making a water run 6iGJAJy6dkI-00057-00021949-00022241 from the garage straight to the street. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00058-00022241-00022608 We probably have a 0.5 to a 1% drop. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00059-00022722-00023072 (hip hop music continues) 6iGJAJy6dkI-00060-00024022-00024297 (tools whirring) 6iGJAJy6dkI-00061-00024526-00024785 We ended up using about a hundred pieces 6iGJAJy6dkI-00062-00024785-00025034 of #4 rebar for this project. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00063-00025034-00025259 All rebar was 16 inches on center, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00064-00025259-00025519 it's pretty typical for our driveways. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00065-00025625-00025889 Be sure to check the video out at the end. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00066-00025889-00026051 It's another concrete pour we did 6iGJAJy6dkI-00067-00026051-00026319 where it was a crazy drainage situation, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00068-00026319-00026582 but our expertise made it happen. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00069-00026582-00026841 And if you're in the Sacramento Bay area, you can hit us up, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00070-00026841-00027058 that link is in the description below, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00071-00027058-00027360 everyone else make it a good one, appreciate your time. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00072-00027360-00027583 And also remember, it's cool to ask for help, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00073-00027583-00027789 and hang around people that are positive. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00074-00027929-00028102 Also hit that like button, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00075-00028102-00028262 it helps out the channel big time, 6iGJAJy6dkI-00076-00028262-00028394 greatly appreciate it. 6iGJAJy6dkI-00077-00028483-00028741 (upbeat music) 6j26E8ZTc9I-00000-00000778-00001112 Hali-hello, it’s me again, Miss Europe. 6j26E8ZTc9I-00001-00001114-00001282 Welcome with me today my special bathing guest; 6j26E8ZTc9I-00002-00001282-00001550 The Russian president Mr Vladimir Putin personally! 6j26E8ZTc9I-00003-00002164-00002594 Mr Putin, there is a law in Russia that punishes any positive statements 6j26E8ZTc9I-00004-00002598-00002984 concerning homosexuality in the Internet. 6j26E8ZTc9I-00005-00003002-00003196 What are your reasons for this? 6j26E8ZTc9I-00006-00003226-00003568 We believe that this is a disease - 6j26E8ZTc9I-00007-00003661-00004344 and therefore we have set up a centre in Siberia 6j26E8ZTc9I-00008-00004446-00004694 to help with therapy... 6j26E8ZTc9I-00009-00004694-00005062 And these are good methods - 6j26E8ZTc9I-00010-00005062-00005222 for example 6j26E8ZTc9I-00011-00005230-00005566 "healing through beating & slapping"! 6j26E8ZTc9I-00012-00005656-00006000 If you also are in favour of everyone living as freely as they want, 6j26E8ZTc9I-00013-00006018-00006412 THEN VOTE! European elections are on 23 -26 May! 6mf6q-E5ku8-00000-00000140-00000468 Overhaul: GRRRAAAAAAAAAAAAHHH!!!!!!! 6mf6q-E5ku8-00001-00000660-00000940 Izuku Midoriya: Then how can I call myself... 6mf6q-E5ku8-00002-00000940-00001180 Izuku Midoriya: A hero who saves EVERYBODY?! 72ooCCAvNP4-00000-00000065-00001230 >>Jump forces. So when we jump, we exert a downward action force on the ground with our 72ooCCAvNP4-00001-00001230-00001951 legs and then the ground exerts a reaction force on us. And since that�s a force on 72ooCCAvNP4-00002-00001951-00003014 us, it accelerates us. And since we need to exert force over some distance in order to 72ooCCAvNP4-00003-00003014-00003736 gain speed to leave the ground, the height of the jump depends both on the force that 72ooCCAvNP4-00004-00003736-00004312 you exert and on the distance over which you applied that force, that�s what we�ve 72ooCCAvNP4-00005-00004312-00005214 been calling the push height. Now the average amount of force that you exert on the ground, 72ooCCAvNP4-00006-00005214-00005759 if you want to determine that, it�s found from the jump magnification. Just to remind 72ooCCAvNP4-00007-00005759-00006539 you, the jump magnification is the ratio of how high you jump to how far you push from 72ooCCAvNP4-00008-00006539-00007311 crouch to take off. So in this example the jump magnification is 4, we jump 4 times higher 72ooCCAvNP4-00009-00007311-00008215 than we push. So in that case, if the character�s weight is 200 pounds then the amount of force 72ooCCAvNP4-00010-00008215-00009163 that they exert on the ground to do this big jump would be 800 pounds. Now you should remember 72ooCCAvNP4-00011-00009163-00009860 that the jump magnification also affects the timing when we�re pushing off the ground. 72ooCCAvNP4-00012-00009860-00010664 So the push time, the number of frames from the crouch to take off, depends on the jump 72ooCCAvNP4-00013-00010664-00011547 magnification and this the larger the jump magnification the shorter the push time. So 72ooCCAvNP4-00014-00011547-00012384 this tells us that the physical strength of a character, say some superhero with enormous 72ooCCAvNP4-00015-00012384-00013184 strength like the Hulk, this physical strength is reflected in the timing of the push. And 72ooCCAvNP4-00016-00013184-00014137 that timing is set by the jump magnification. So if the character is exerting a huge amount 72ooCCAvNP4-00017-00014137-00015153 of force to jump an impressive height then the timing needs to be very short in the pushing 72ooCCAvNP4-00018-00015153-00015838 of the ground. Now this we can also understand by the law of acceleration. If the character 72ooCCAvNP4-00019-00015838-00016434 pushes with a very large force then that means there�s a very large acceleration and so 72ooCCAvNP4-00020-00016434-00017020 the time that they are in contact with the ground is gonna be short, and that�s the 72ooCCAvNP4-00021-00017020-00018006 push time. So here�s another example from another superhero film, Hancock. And notice 72ooCCAvNP4-00022-00018006-00018688 that in this case when Hancock jumps, he exerts a very large force on the ground similar to 72ooCCAvNP4-00023-00018688-00019715 the force that he that�s exerted on the landing. So here he is taking off. So he�s 72ooCCAvNP4-00024-00019715-00021577 about to do his jump� and here he is landing. So let�s talk about landing a little bit. 72ooCCAvNP4-00025-00021577-00022400 So the landing is rather similar to the takeoff. In fact it�s basically just the reverse 72ooCCAvNP4-00026-00022400-00022949 of the takeoff, instead of gaining speed we lose speed and we come to a stop. So we can 72ooCCAvNP4-00027-00022949-00023679 talk about for the landing a stop height, similar to the push height, for the takeoff 72ooCCAvNP4-00028-00023679-00024592 and we can talk about the stop time similar to the push time of the takeoff. Now the stop 72ooCCAvNP4-00029-00024592-00025468 time is related the timing in the stop is related to the takeoff in the following fashion, 72ooCCAvNP4-00030-00025468-00026404 the time that you push times the ratio of the heights gives you the stop time. Let�s 72ooCCAvNP4-00031-00026404-00027083 look at a quick example of that. So let�s say that we push off for 9 inches and the 72ooCCAvNP4-00032-00027083-00028041 takeoff is in 3 frames. Well if the landing has a slightly deeper crouch of 12 inches 72ooCCAvNP4-00033-00028041-00028720 on landing, then the timing of the landing will be proportionately longer. So it�ll 72ooCCAvNP4-00034-00028720-00029424 be 4 frames on landing from the stop landing as opposed to 3 frames of the push time. So 72ooCCAvNP4-00035-00029424-00030389 here�s just the map there. Now the the mathematics is not as important as the concept that if 72ooCCAvNP4-00036-00030389-00031055 the crouch on the landing is similar to the crouch when you�re pushing the takeoff, 72ooCCAvNP4-00037-00031055-00031774 then the timing of the landing is gonna be similar to the timing of the takeoff. On the 72ooCCAvNP4-00038-00031774-00032439 other hand, if the crouch on the landing is shorter than the timing of the landing is 72ooCCAvNP4-00039-00032439-00033146 gonna be shorter and quicker. If the crouch distance on landing is longer, then the timing 72ooCCAvNP4-00040-00033146-00033868 on the landing is longer. In other words, in order to make the landing look consistently 72ooCCAvNP4-00041-00033868-00034788 believable with the takeoff if the landing has a deeper crouch then the timing of the 72ooCCAvNP4-00042-00034788-00035538 landing should have a few more frames than the timing of the takeoff. Now we can also 72ooCCAvNP4-00043-00035538-00036074 talk about the forces on the landing. So if the timing of the landing is similar to the 72ooCCAvNP4-00044-00036074-00036879 time you takeoff, then the forces on the landing are similar to the forces on the takeoff. 72ooCCAvNP4-00045-00036879-00037540 If the landing is quicker timing, the forces on landing are gonna be larger and if the 72ooCCAvNP4-00046-00037540-00038256 landing has a slower timing than the forces on the landing are gonna be smaller than the 72ooCCAvNP4-00047-00038256-00039320 forces on the takeoff. So if we have an extreme jump like the human cannonball landing in 72ooCCAvNP4-00048-00039320-00040190 a net, we need to have a much longer stop height. And that�s that�s what the net 72ooCCAvNP4-00049-00040190-00040858 accomplishes. So you can think of this as these the net minimizes the force of impact 72ooCCAvNP4-00050-00040858-00041486 on landing by extending the time of impact, that�s what we�re calling stop time. And 72ooCCAvNP4-00051-00041486-00042356 this is done by increasing the stop height, so the net is flexible so the performer travels 72ooCCAvNP4-00052-00042356-00043114 a significant distance before they�re fully brought to a stop. Now, you may notice if 72ooCCAvNP4-00053-00043114-00043888 you look carefully that for these kinds of extreme jumps the performer landing in a net 72ooCCAvNP4-00054-00043888-00044822 typically will try to land on her back. So you see here that the performer in the air 72ooCCAvNP4-00055-00044822-00045899 does a turn turning motion so that the body is rotated so that it lands with her back 72ooCCAvNP4-00056-00045899-00046522 to the net. Now there�s a good reason for this. If you if the performer did not do this 72ooCCAvNP4-00057-00046522-00047219 turn and landed headfirst into the net, this could cause serious injury. On the other hand 72ooCCAvNP4-00058-00047219-00048438 the human body can withstand very high decelerations, over 20 gees, if the deceleration happens 72ooCCAvNP4-00059-00048438-00050700 through the back as opposed to vertically through the length of the body. So 72ooCCAvNP4-00060-00050700-00051790 in summary�so if the character is exerting a very large force in jumping, a very large 72ooCCAvNP4-00061-00051790-00052970 force implies a very large acceleration and a large acceleration means a very short time�. 72ooCCAvNP4-00062-00052970-00054329 So 72ooCCAvNP4-00063-00054329-00054939 if we stop over a longer distance then the timing of the landing is a little bit longer 72ooCCAvNP4-00064-00054939-00056079 than the timing of the takeoff and vice versa. 74BGB7Cs1jE-00000-00000000-00000368 No Copyright Music 著作権フリー音楽 RELOADED - SAVFK 免費背景音樂下載 75bcWD8_Gog-00000-00001782-00002211 So, in the last class, we were discussing about what we discuss, we discuss about the 75bcWD8_Gog-00001-00002211-00002563 horizontal merge. Now, of vertical merge 75bcWD8_Gog-00002-00002563-00003115 vertical merge, now today first we will be discussing horizontal merge and then we will 75bcWD8_Gog-00003-00003115-00003326 discuss the main sorting algorithm. Finally, 75bcWD8_Gog-00004-00003326-00004026 we will try to consider an example of which because the through which we can say how the 75bcWD8_Gog-00005-00004275-00004553 algorithm wants. 75bcWD8_Gog-00006-00004553-00005253 The horizontal merge first part, the problem is that suppose you have J cos k the problem is this is increasing order, this 75bcWD8_Gog-00007-00007706-00007729 is 75bcWD8_Gog-00008-00007729-00008429 decreasing order and you want to merge it. In order to do that, first we need to define 75bcWD8_Gog-00009-00009892-00010331 say two column merge that problem is that 75bcWD8_Gog-00010-00010331-00011031 you have one column J rows and 2 J elements. 75bcWD8_Gog-00011-00011876-00012576 You have a 0, a 1, a 2, a 2 simplicity down there is 3 1, a 2, a 2, J this two J elements 75bcWD8_Gog-00012-00013884-00014584 you have which is a bitonic sequence in the 75bcWD8_Gog-00013-00015597-00015869 second line absent one is with us. 75bcWD8_Gog-00014-00015869-00016570 The other one is 18, 17, 4 plus 4, 8, 9, 7, 17, so a 1, a 2, a 2 J is a bitonic sequence 75bcWD8_Gog-00015-00017878-00018309 and the elements are stored in a column of J 75bcWD8_Gog-00016-00018309-00019009 rows in such a way that you have a 1, a 2, a J and then a J plus 1 to a to w J. 75bcWD8_Gog-00017-00020501-00021201 Let us assume that this delta is stored like this P 0, P 1, P J minus 1, this P 0, P 1, 75bcWD8_Gog-00018-00022106-00022806 P J minus 1 are the processors and this is in R s 75bcWD8_Gog-00019-00022898-00023598 resister this is in R k resister or R r resister. So, you have a 1, a 2 a 2 J elements in form 75bcWD8_Gog-00020-00024241-00024559 a bitonic sequence and we have a column 75bcWD8_Gog-00021-00024559-00025259 of J rows r, n J rows. Each row is assign to a processors p 0 to p J minus 1 and i th 75bcWD8_Gog-00022-00025495-00026195 row contains the a i and a i plus J, a i is in R s 75bcWD8_Gog-00023-00026641-00027341 resister and a i plus J is in R r resister. So, what you are going to do it see the simple 75bcWD8_Gog-00024-00027847-00028049 thing is there in the bitonic sequence is based 75bcWD8_Gog-00025-00028049-00028497 on the only one property that a i is compared with a i plus 8. 75bcWD8_Gog-00026-00028497-00029197 So, this is ready for you that this has to be compared this has to be compared, so if 75bcWD8_Gog-00027-00030005-00030296 you compare and rejected element will be in 75bcWD8_Gog-00028-00030296-00030996 this side and accepted element will be this side. Now, after that I want to do it recursively, 75bcWD8_Gog-00029-00031387-00032027 so what happens here after comparing 75bcWD8_Gog-00030-00032027-00032511 these elements will be these elements will be a bitonic sequence. These elements will 75bcWD8_Gog-00031-00032511-00032747 form a bitonic sequence and all these 75bcWD8_Gog-00032-00032747-00033234 elements will be less than or equals to this one. 75bcWD8_Gog-00033-00033234-00033934 Then, recursively will be solving these two, so same idea that you have this one compared 75bcWD8_Gog-00034-00033996-00034349 a change compared a change. Now, 75bcWD8_Gog-00035-00034349-00035049 you have to bring these elements in this zone and these elements should go in this zone. 75bcWD8_Gog-00036-00035916-00036194 If I then this will be comes a bitonic 75bcWD8_Gog-00037-00036194-00036615 sequence, this will be another bitonic sequence and all these elements should be smaller than 75bcWD8_Gog-00038-00036615-00037315 these elements, what I am doing this 75bcWD8_Gog-00039-00037721-00038224 is compared with this the rejected elements are lying here accepted elements are lying 75bcWD8_Gog-00040-00038224-00038915 here. Now, I want to make it these two 75bcWD8_Gog-00041-00038915-00039475 halves, you know to make these two halves and recursively I want to use it. So, these 75bcWD8_Gog-00042-00039475-00039837 halves should be in touch with this half so 75bcWD8_Gog-00043-00039837-00040113 that this forms a bitonic sequence this form. 75bcWD8_Gog-00044-00040113-00040813 Another bitonic sequence and all these elements should be smaller than these elements and 75bcWD8_Gog-00045-00040856-00041556 then you do it recursively say for 75bcWD8_Gog-00046-00042136-00042836 example, tell me bitonic sequence of 16 elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 for a 1 2. So, this is a bitonic 75bcWD8_Gog-00047-00046894-00047496 sequence you have and this is a R s 75bcWD8_Gog-00048-00047496-00048196 resister and this is a R r resister, what we are doing that a i is to be compared with 75bcWD8_Gog-00049-00048518-00048913 a i plus n and the accepted elements in R s area 75bcWD8_Gog-00050-00048913-00049613 and rejected elements in R r resister. So, if it is the case you get the result of 75bcWD8_Gog-00051-00051080-00051779 this like, now you observe you observe this becomes a bitonic sequence and this becomes 75bcWD8_Gog-00052-00053222-00053922 another bitonic sequence and is a by the definition of the by the carom of bitonic sequence. Now, 75bcWD8_Gog-00053-00053964-00054130 you want to use the same 75bcWD8_Gog-00054-00054130-00054830 algorithm you want to same algorithm for what you have. So, what I want that these elements 75bcWD8_Gog-00055-00054985-00055321 should be here so that I get the 75bcWD8_Gog-00056-00055321-00056021 bitonic sequence and these elements should be here so that I get another bitonic sequence. 75bcWD8_Gog-00057-00056214-00056914 So, what I will do it, I want to inter change this thing, so if I inter change it, I get 75bcWD8_Gog-00058-00059052-00059752 1, 2, 5, 8, 7, 6, 4, 3, you get 15, 14, 12, 11, 9, 10, 75bcWD8_Gog-00059-00060701-00061401 13, 16. So, you observe that you get two bitonic sequence and all these elements will be smaller 75bcWD8_Gog-00060-00061450-00061791 than these elements. Now, again 75bcWD8_Gog-00061-00061791-00062491 you perform two halves compare a change and then inter change these two elements, so you 75bcWD8_Gog-00062-00063528-00064228 get here 1, 1, 7, 2, 6, 4, 5, 3, 8, 9, 15, 75bcWD8_Gog-00063-00065624-00066324 10, 14, 12, 11, 13, 16. If I inter change these two, I get 1, 2, 4, 3, 7, 6, 5, 8, 9, 75bcWD8_Gog-00064-00069674-00070374 10, 12, 11, 15, 14, 13, 16.b. Now, you observe that 75bcWD8_Gog-00065-00070938-00071450 this is a cluster of four element, this is a cluster another four elements and each cluster 75bcWD8_Gog-00066-00071450-00071794 is a bitonic sequence and again you do 75bcWD8_Gog-00067-00071794-00072494 compare a change. 75bcWD8_Gog-00068-00072709-00073409 So, compare a change and then inter change, so you will get the and 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 11, 13, 14, 75bcWD8_Gog-00069-00076199-00076572 15, 16 and then you get 75bcWD8_Gog-00070-00076572-00077272 basically eight such bitonic sequence you just do the compare a change you get 1, 2, 75bcWD8_Gog-00071-00078528-00079228 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. So, you get the sorted 75bcWD8_Gog-00072-00080107-00080807 sequence in this form right here. Now, if you observed that I could have done after 75bcWD8_Gog-00073-00082093-00082375 doing the compare exchange, we observe that 75bcWD8_Gog-00074-00082375-00082870 this sequence is the bitonic sequence this sequence is the bitonic sequence and all these 75bcWD8_Gog-00075-00082870-00082946 elements should be smaller than these 75bcWD8_Gog-00076-00082946-00083139 elements. Now, I could have done the column merge, I 75bcWD8_Gog-00077-00083139-00083839 could have done the column merge and I could have could have got this sorted this 75bcWD8_Gog-00078-00084118-00084818 is also sorted sequence. It is based on the bitonic sequence, but is the problem is that 75bcWD8_Gog-00079-00085356-00085805 I do not achieve the goal like that 1, 2, 3, 4, 75bcWD8_Gog-00080-00085805-00086441 5, 6, 7, 8 like that which I need for horizontal merge because is the horizontal merge it should 75bcWD8_Gog-00081-00086441-00086635 be like this not this way. 75bcWD8_Gog-00082-00086635-00086859 So, that is the reason why instead of doing the column merge we are doing that interchange 75bcWD8_Gog-00083-00086859-00087302 first and then we are a repeating that 75bcWD8_Gog-00084-00087302-00088002 two column merge so that data is to final data is told in this form A 2 column merge. 75bcWD8_Gog-00085-00090292-00090992 First step is that perform compare exchange 75bcWD8_Gog-00086-00091806-00092506 operation 75bcWD8_Gog-00087-00093569-00094269 between R s and R r registers, we have already assume the data is in the form that a 1, a 75bcWD8_Gog-00088-00094811-00095042 2, a 3 a 2 J in such way that a i 75bcWD8_Gog-00089-00095042-00095742 and a i plus J is in the i th row and R r R s and R r registers respectively. 75bcWD8_Gog-00090-00096115-00096815 Now, if J is greater than 1, if J is equals to 1 that means there is only one row and 75bcWD8_Gog-00091-00097070-00097333 that means that you have the only two elements 75bcWD8_Gog-00092-00097333-00097841 which form the bitonic sequence, just one compare exchange is sufficient to make it 75bcWD8_Gog-00093-00097841-00098541 sorted form, now if J is greater than 1. 75bcWD8_Gog-00094-00098715-00099219 What I am going to do that rejected element has to be compare has to be inter change with 75bcWD8_Gog-00095-00099219-00099919 accepted element of that say inter 75bcWD8_Gog-00096-00100227-00100927 change content of R r of P i, i is zero to J by 2 minus 1 with R s of P k, k is J by 75bcWD8_Gog-00097-00103798-00104498 2 to J minus 1. Now, how we will going to do this 75bcWD8_Gog-00098-00104779-00105479 see what we told this has to be inter change how are we going to do that x equals to inter change, what 75bcWD8_Gog-00099-00107400-00107436 is x. 75bcWD8_Gog-00100-00107436-00108136 How are you going to get these two values, this is in P i and this is an say P k and 75bcWD8_Gog-00101-00109183-00109858 it is in the form of mesh P i connected to four 75bcWD8_Gog-00102-00109858-00110413 neighbor only. Student: Sir, more contents of a R r are there 75bcWD8_Gog-00103-00110413-00110933 in R t. Yes, that is the reason why we need R t, so 75bcWD8_Gog-00104-00110933-00111633 the element here you moved to R t, then bring down next step you bring down all 75bcWD8_Gog-00105-00112013-00112713 these elements here then you inter change this then you bring that, so this is the step 75bcWD8_Gog-00106-00113317-00113796 and then finally, you move again these 75bcWD8_Gog-00107-00113796-00113882 elements. 75bcWD8_Gog-00108-00113882-00114582 Now, after inter changing you will be doing two column merge J by 2 with J P 0 P J by 75bcWD8_Gog-00109-00116046-00116746 2 minus 1 and two column merge J by 2 p J 75bcWD8_Gog-00110-00117275-00117975 by 2 to p J minus 1. Simultaneously, both of them can be done in paragraph, now if it 75bcWD8_Gog-00111-00118910-00119564 is the case, then what is the time complexity 75bcWD8_Gog-00112-00119564-00120264 what if notation are you what are complexity t 1. 75bcWD8_Gog-00113-00120319-00121019 I do not R 2 c and you have J, so routing if J is equals to 1, then it is 0, there is 75bcWD8_Gog-00114-00122754-00123454 no routing, now if J equals to more the if J is 75bcWD8_Gog-00115-00123483-00124183 greater than 1, you obviously have t R J by 2 2 c plus what is the routing required. This 75bcWD8_Gog-00116-00126173-00126873 data has to be moved here and then again 75bcWD8_Gog-00117-00126922-00127565 you will be moving back, so what is the routing step total number. 75bcWD8_Gog-00118-00127565-00128265 Student: Sir can we bring this data down and take this data up. 75bcWD8_Gog-00119-00128279-00128491 How? Student: Say for this half. 75bcWD8_Gog-00120-00128491-00128766 This this data you have bringing here. And then next one take up. 75bcWD8_Gog-00121-00128766-00129239 How are you going to because i told you the routing and R r register is the only register 75bcWD8_Gog-00122-00129239-00129879 through which. We wants the above R r and R t. How R r will 75bcWD8_Gog-00123-00129879-00130573 sent direct to R r only routing resister also. Student: Sir, the initial value. 75bcWD8_Gog-00124-00130573-00131024 This one you have to do here. And R t. 75bcWD8_Gog-00125-00131024-00131386 R t now you bring. Similarly, in the left above. 75bcWD8_Gog-00126-00131386-00132086 Student: Sir, the left part it is left. This R r contents your original data R s contains 75bcWD8_Gog-00127-00132190-00132890 you cannot touch R s r s this R s is all accepted data this you want to retain here 75bcWD8_Gog-00128-00133069-00133769 this contains all rejected data, but you want to keep them here. Only this is the this part 75bcWD8_Gog-00129-00133842-00134005 this part has to be inter change with this 75bcWD8_Gog-00130-00134005-00134705 part in order to do that and your rotating is done through R r resister only. So, you 75bcWD8_Gog-00131-00134836-00135262 move this data here, you bring this data here, 75bcWD8_Gog-00132-00135262-00135962 inter change these two, then you send back the data here, then this you bring back what 75bcWD8_Gog-00133-00136471-00137171 reverse way this you do one of method. So, you need r routing R by 2, this side again 75bcWD8_Gog-00134-00137477-00138177 R by 2 going back, you need R rotating R this way r is J rotating. Now, what is the 75bcWD8_Gog-00135-00138215-00138915 solution of this you assume J is to be equal 1, 5 up to 2, tell me what is the solution 75bcWD8_Gog-00136-00140989-00141689 J plus J by 2 plus J by 4, 2 J or 2 J minus 2, 75bcWD8_Gog-00137-00141924-00142624 what time we did it entering this 2 J minus 2. Next one is number of exchange operations 75bcWD8_Gog-00138-00143503-00143810 and another one is number of 75bcWD8_Gog-00139-00143810-00144323 transferring this and compare these things. First, let us do the number of compare exchange 75bcWD8_Gog-00140-00144323-00145023 it is one if J is equals to 1, otherwise it is one plus P c 2 c J by 2 if J is greater 75bcWD8_Gog-00141-00147052-00147752 than 1. There is no comparing exchange operation, so I write 1 plus P c 2 c J by 2 and this 75bcWD8_Gog-00142-00149419-00149815 solution is logged here this solution is 75bcWD8_Gog-00143-00149815-00150347 logged here what about here there is no exchange operations. 75bcWD8_Gog-00144-00150347-00151047 So, J O if J equals to 1, this side I am writing t e 2 c J by 2 plus if J greater than 1 how 75bcWD8_Gog-00145-00152119-00152359 many exchange operations you have 75bcWD8_Gog-00146-00152359-00152923 perform here, first is one is you are bringing data here, then second is you have bringing 75bcWD8_Gog-00147-00152923-00153597 Then, you are sending back through routine then again you will be bringing the data here 75bcWD8_Gog-00148-00153597-00154297 3. So, it is 3, so it is got answer is what 75bcWD8_Gog-00149-00154501-00155201 said un this is one and this is 3, 3 log low impact on 0 minus 1 are sure. 75bcWD8_Gog-00150-00156500-00157200 So, if I put J equals 1, then it is become 2, tell me what 3 log J minus 1, suppose J. 75bcWD8_Gog-00151-00157997-00158445 Let us assume the thing J equals to 2, answer 75bcWD8_Gog-00152-00158445-00159145 should be J equals to 2, answer should be 3 J equals to 3 answer should J equals to 75bcWD8_Gog-00153-00159788-00160488 4 answer should be not know, so what should 75bcWD8_Gog-00154-00161526-00162226 be the log J. 75bcWD8_Gog-00155-00163285-00163985 This is the thing on written, so it is 3 log J if it is J equals to 1 it is 0. 75bcWD8_Gog-00156-00167175-00167626 And 2 it is 3, 4 it is 6 and so on. 75bcWD8_Gog-00157-00167626-00168280 It is there, so it is 3 log, so the two column merge is done because you want data should 75bcWD8_Gog-00158-00168280-00168905 be in such way that that all the elements 75bcWD8_Gog-00159-00168905-00169605 in the first row smaller than the all the elements in the second row and so on, so this 75bcWD8_Gog-00160-00169759-00170389 idea is used in the horizontal merge. 75bcWD8_Gog-00161-00170389-00171089 So, the elements you have in this forms all there it forms a bitonic sequence and it bring 75bcWD8_Gog-00162-00171448-00172148 this data here. So, initial if you remember 75bcWD8_Gog-00163-00172958-00173658 this forms a bitonic sequence, now you will observe that these elements, this is come 75bcWD8_Gog-00164-00173808-00174508 here this also will form a bitonic sequence, 75bcWD8_Gog-00165-00175174-00175874 you have two bitonic sequence. Now, if this is an increasing order then this 75bcWD8_Gog-00166-00176465-00177165 column is also in increasing order, if this is decreasing order, and then this column 75bcWD8_Gog-00167-00177349-00177375 is 75bcWD8_Gog-00168-00177375-00177923 always decreasing order. Now, if I bring this data here, this is forms a bitonic sequence 75bcWD8_Gog-00169-00177923-00178282 because this was increasing order, this was 75bcWD8_Gog-00170-00178282-00178982 decreasing order. Similarly, if I bring this data here, I get 75bcWD8_Gog-00171-00179494-00180194 another bitonic sequence here and so on, we also and also if I merge the two column 75bcWD8_Gog-00172-00180610-00181108 merge here, and then all the smaller elements should be here next column element should 75bcWD8_Gog-00173-00181108-00181808 be here and so on. Similarly, is the case, 75bcWD8_Gog-00174-00182347-00183047 so what I do, I rejected element; I send back again these rejected elements are rejected 75bcWD8_Gog-00175-00183113-00183813 elements in the first row. So, then these elements are smaller than these 75bcWD8_Gog-00176-00183971-00184634 elements, so all these elements will be smaller than these elements similar all these 75bcWD8_Gog-00177-00184634-00185196 elements 0, 0, 2, 0 smaller than these elements. So, even if I am sending the rejected elements, 75bcWD8_Gog-00178-00185196-00185416 these elements are smaller than 75bcWD8_Gog-00179-00185416-00186108 these elements and also each of these will form a bitonic sequence. These will form a 75bcWD8_Gog-00180-00186108-00186666 bitonic sequence and then you do the 75bcWD8_Gog-00181-00186666-00187195 simple room merge each of them, we will find the sorted sequence. 75bcWD8_Gog-00182-00187195-00187895 So, let us consider first one example before we discuss the algorithm 16 plus 16, 1, 2, 75bcWD8_Gog-00183-00188425-00189125 4, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 75bcWD8_Gog-00184-00190139-00190839 18, 19, 30, 21, 32, 33, 34, 30, 5, 30, 6, 30, 7, 30, 8, 39, 30. So, you have suppose 75bcWD8_Gog-00185-00192600-00193300 this thirty two elements and this form increasing 75bcWD8_Gog-00186-00195478-00196178 order, this form decreasing order and you observe this whole thing is a bitonic sequence. 75bcWD8_Gog-00187-00196459-00196719 What we are doing, I am bringing these 75bcWD8_Gog-00188-00196719-00197312 elements in the first column, these elements in the second column, these elements in the 75bcWD8_Gog-00189-00197312-00197575 third column, these elements in the 75bcWD8_Gog-00190-00197575-00198275 fourth column. So, you get for I am not writing, now this part I get 1, 31, 2, 39, 4, 30, 6, 7, 35, 8, 33, 75bcWD8_Gog-00191-00200671-00201371 13, 32, 15, 18, 16, 17, 19, 75bcWD8_Gog-00192-00201810-00202510 14, 30, 12, 31, 11, 34, 10, 30, 7, 9, 38, 6, 35, 32, 3. 75bcWD8_Gog-00193-00204254-00204954 Then, I do the two column merge for each column, what I will get 1, 8, 9, 14, 19, 32, 34, 37, 75bcWD8_Gog-00194-00207146-00207846 31, what about here, 2, 6, 12, 13, 30, 75bcWD8_Gog-00195-00209296-00209996 28, 4, 5, 11, 13, 13, 11, 15, this 15, 11, 15, 18, then you get 3, 7, 10, 16, 17, 34, 75bcWD8_Gog-00196-00213867-00214567 35, 22. Then, we send back the rejected elements 75bcWD8_Gog-00197-00214780-00215480 to each counterpart, so I get 1, 2, 4, 3, 8, 6, 5, 7, 9, 12, 11, 10, 14, 13, 14, 13, 75bcWD8_Gog-00198-00217398-00218098 15, 16, 19, 30, 21, 19, 30, 18, 17, 33, 32, 31, 34, 37, 75bcWD8_Gog-00199-00219328-00220028 38, 36, 35, 31, 39, 30, 32, this 75bcWD8_Gog-00200-00221771-00222377 is rejected element, I send back. Now, first thing you observe here that all 75bcWD8_Gog-00201-00222377-00222971 these elements are the smaller than these elements, all these elements smaller than 75bcWD8_Gog-00202-00222971-00223023 these 75bcWD8_Gog-00203-00223023-00223688 elements, second thing you observed. Now, after sending make each of them is bitonic 75bcWD8_Gog-00204-00223688-00224058 sequence and all these elements such 75bcWD8_Gog-00205-00224058-00224438 smaller than these elements, sorry all these elements smaller than these elements all these 75bcWD8_Gog-00206-00224438-00224590 elements smaller than these elements 75bcWD8_Gog-00207-00224590-00225114 and so on. So, you can you introduce the room merge here, room merge here, room merge here 75bcWD8_Gog-00208-00225114-00225366 and so on and finally, you will get 75bcWD8_Gog-00209-00225366-00225619 the sorted sequence. 75bcWD8_Gog-00210-00225619-00226319 So, you have further to merge J comma k now tell me what I will write initial data is 75bcWD8_Gog-00211-00227080-00227564 a pertain this side whether it is an R s register 75bcWD8_Gog-00212-00227564-00228102 or R r register data issues let us assume data is in R r register in that case you assume 75bcWD8_Gog-00213-00228102-00228527 a data is in R r register. Then, what you 75bcWD8_Gog-00214-00228527-00229227 have to do what exchange first thing is that compare how many compare, how can you shift 75bcWD8_Gog-00215-00229480-00230180 it because they are all in a R r 75bcWD8_Gog-00216-00230317-00231017 register that you have decided. So, perform exchange operation in the first half, so first 75bcWD8_Gog-00217-00231371-00232071 is perform exchange operation between R 75bcWD8_Gog-00218-00233131-00233831 r and R s of P i or by p i i is what 1, 2, 1 or 0, 0 to k by 2 minus 1. 75bcWD8_Gog-00219-00235507-00236207 So, actually P i J i if you write p i J, but for all J for all J, so you have perform that 75bcWD8_Gog-00220-00237486-00238186 then get the data of R r from p i k to p i J for a 75bcWD8_Gog-00221-00240355-00241055 not i J i is what, i refers to what i refers to what row. So, I made mistake here this 75bcWD8_Gog-00222-00241514-00242214 should be J this should be i, this should be k by 75bcWD8_Gog-00223-00243594-00244294 2 plus J and for all i J is 0 to k by 2 minus 1. Then, you perform two column merge for 75bcWD8_Gog-00224-00246366-00247066 each column for each column right send 75bcWD8_Gog-00225-00248071-00248771 data of R r from p i J to p i k by 2 plus J for all i J is 0 to k by 2 minus 1. Next 75bcWD8_Gog-00226-00251948-00252648 perform change operation between R r and R s by P 75bcWD8_Gog-00227-00253865-00254565 i J for all i J i k is 0 to k by 2 minus 1, so I get back the accepted elements in R r 75bcWD8_Gog-00228-00255707-00255838 of each. 75bcWD8_Gog-00229-00255838-00256538 So, I have done up to this, now I have to do the row merge here, you write assume there 75bcWD8_Gog-00230-00257908-00258608 are 2 J bitonic sequences sequences each 75bcWD8_Gog-00231-00258961-00259661 of size k by 2 sum are perform row merge k by 2 on each bitonic sequence, so this is 75bcWD8_Gog-00232-00262531-00263231 the steps involve P in further row merge. 75bcWD8_Gog-00233-00263328-00264028 Now, a question is coming to obtain the time complexity R t horizontal merge J comma k 75bcWD8_Gog-00234-00265119-00265612 tell me what is the rotine. So, you have 75bcWD8_Gog-00235-00265612-00266312 you have R 2 column merge J plus t r row merge k by 2 plus this is whatever you needed that 75bcWD8_Gog-00236-00268522-00268850 I have added whatever you needed 75bcWD8_Gog-00237-00268850-00269550 here that I have added and what is the number. So, this one routine step and this is another 75bcWD8_Gog-00238-00270521-00271221 routine step, so this is k. So, can you tell me what is the solution for 75bcWD8_Gog-00239-00271771-00272471 this? What is the solution for this I have now you obtain which is 2 J minus 2. What 75bcWD8_Gog-00240-00272506-00273206 about this one row merge k by 2 row merge k answer is what 2 k minus 2 k r it is k minus 75bcWD8_Gog-00241-00274589-00275289 2 k shifted by k by 2 minus this 75bcWD8_Gog-00242-00275591-00276291 constant actually plus k. So, this gives you 2 times J plus k minus 2, now what about exchange 75bcWD8_Gog-00243-00277459-00278159 horizontal merge J comma k, what 75bcWD8_Gog-00244-00278234-00278934 about time you need exchange horizontal merge J. 75bcWD8_Gog-00245-00278996-00279696 So, here one exchange operations here another exchange operations, so two exchange operations 75bcWD8_Gog-00246-00281144-00281844 we are doing, so what is t e this 75bcWD8_Gog-00247-00281859-00282559 result is one k log J, what about this one, what is the result? 2 log k by 2 plus J plus 75bcWD8_Gog-00248-00284079-00284779 2. So, it is 3 log J plus 2 log k, now there is no 75bcWD8_Gog-00249-00285590-00286018 compare operations here except this here. 75bcWD8_Gog-00250-00286018-00286718 So, I can write t c h m J k is what about time, you need compare you need 2 C J plus 75bcWD8_Gog-00251-00287627-00288327 T C r k by 2, this one belong to J k log J 75bcWD8_Gog-00252-00288910-00289610 what about row merge log k by 2. So, I can write log k minus 1, now you know what is 75bcWD8_Gog-00253-00290541-00290731 what is vertical merge and what is 75bcWD8_Gog-00254-00290731-00291363 horizontal merge you are ready to write the sorting algorithm. So, when writing the sorting 75bcWD8_Gog-00255-00291363-00291537 algorithm you have to keep it in mind 75bcWD8_Gog-00256-00291537-00291680 is the bitonic it is a form of bitonic sequence, one sequence should be keeping order another 75bcWD8_Gog-00257-00291680-00291721 sequence has to be in decreasing 75bcWD8_Gog-00258-00291721-00291734 order first. 75bcWD8_Gog-00259-00291734-00292434 If you have the four plus 4, 4 plus 4, this is a bitonic sequence this is another bitonic 75bcWD8_Gog-00260-00292515-00293215 sequence you will be a, you will be a 75bcWD8_Gog-00261-00293477-00294177 arranging the in this box. So, that a this forms a bitonic sequence then you will be 75bcWD8_Gog-00262-00295237-00295937 merging this one, so first it is horizontal merge 75bcWD8_Gog-00263-00296038-00296524 you have to do then vertical merge horizontal merge vertical merge and so on. Every time, 75bcWD8_Gog-00264-00296524-00296877 you have to keep track whether I have 75bcWD8_Gog-00265-00296877-00297577 to keep it, there are increasing order or decreasing order that has to be. 75bcWD8_Gog-00266-00297700-00298400 So, I need to know what is the sage in number, I need to know a sign function to tell if 75bcWD8_Gog-00267-00299112-00299583 class one if it is in increasing order 75bcWD8_Gog-00268-00299583-00300283 increasing order, how I will compute the sign function, we will decide later one if it is 75bcWD8_Gog-00269-00300512-00301057 decreasing order. So, I need to know the 75bcWD8_Gog-00270-00301057-00301757 stage first stage second stage and so on and a sign function and second thing I need to 75bcWD8_Gog-00271-00302713-00303363 know a variable k to tell say your 75bcWD8_Gog-00272-00303363-00304063 horizontal merge k plus k plus 2 k vertical merge 2 k plus 2 k. What it means that first 75bcWD8_Gog-00273-00304677-00304893 time you will be arranging this way 75bcWD8_Gog-00274-00304893-00305494 consisting of two elements, in the second stage you will get another one that instead 75bcWD8_Gog-00275-00305494-00305938 of horizontal merge in vertical merge 75bcWD8_Gog-00276-00305938-00306638 afterwards to size becomes 2 plus 2 k. In second phase, you will get this side to 75bcWD8_Gog-00277-00307078-00307778 knows, but four columns and then four rows four columns and so on. So, k will be that 75bcWD8_Gog-00278-00308964-00309664 point initially we assumes that k equals to 1, s equals to 1 and you are interesting to 75bcWD8_Gog-00279-00310400-00311028 solve n cross m elements by m cross m 75bcWD8_Gog-00280-00311028-00311728 processors in two dimensional mesh. Every processor contains one element, so you have 75bcWD8_Gog-00281-00311768-00312107 n plus m processors every processors 75bcWD8_Gog-00282-00312107-00312807 contains one element you are interested to sort this m square elements k equals to one 75bcWD8_Gog-00283-00312951-00313651 first stage s equals to 1 while k is less than 75bcWD8_Gog-00284-00314730-00315430 m. Assume that there are several sub arrays each 75bcWD8_Gog-00285-00316186-00316886 of size k plus k 2 k perform horizontal merge k plus 2 k, then stage is increase by 1 75bcWD8_Gog-00286-00318804-00319504 assume there are several sub arrays each of size 2 k plus 2 k use vertical merge 2 k plus 75bcWD8_Gog-00287-00321217-00321917 2 k 2 increase s by 1. Again, next stage n 75bcWD8_Gog-00288-00322544-00323244 k by 2 k, so this is you main algorithms, so you observe this and this t’s is several 75bcWD8_Gog-00289-00323720-00324420 sub arrays bitonic sequence at this stage is sub 75bcWD8_Gog-00290-00324478-00325178 array of size 2 k plus 2 k is a bitonic sequence. Here, I have not told about the sign function 75bcWD8_Gog-00291-00325250-00325363 whether increasing order or 75bcWD8_Gog-00292-00325363-00325749 decreasing order, then I will discuss separately. 75bcWD8_Gog-00293-00325749-00326449 If it is the case, then what the time complexity t main algorithm size m cross m number is 75bcWD8_Gog-00294-00327288-00327988 of retains. Now, if I start whether 2 a 75bcWD8_Gog-00295-00328229-00328929 sequence compute you can start 1 plus 2, then 2 plus 2, then 2 plus 4, then 4 plus 4 different 75bcWD8_Gog-00296-00328961-00329205 somehow and so on. Instead of doing 75bcWD8_Gog-00297-00329205-00329905 that, let us seeing this way, suppose I get suppose this is a sorted sequence, this get 75bcWD8_Gog-00298-00329981-00330291 a sorted sequence and so on. So, that this is a 75bcWD8_Gog-00299-00330291-00330936 bitonic sequence this is a, another bitonic sequence and then you have to use horizontal 75bcWD8_Gog-00300-00330936-00331136 merge and vertical merge. You will be 75bcWD8_Gog-00301-00331136-00331836 getting the total of sorted sequence, suppose I assume that this is sorted sequence, this 75bcWD8_Gog-00302-00331908-00332177 is sorted sequence. So, this is a bitonic sequence this is sorted 75bcWD8_Gog-00303-00332177-00332631 sequence this is sorted sequence this is a bitonic sequence you call you call horizontal 75bcWD8_Gog-00304-00332631-00333214 merge to get a sorted sequence for horizontal merge to get a sorted sequence point of view. 75bcWD8_Gog-00305-00333214-00333406 You get whole bitonic sequence and 75bcWD8_Gog-00306-00333406-00334094 vertical merges, so if this is the case, so can I write here the time complexity for this 75bcWD8_Gog-00307-00334094-00334565 is nothing but T R Main algorithms m by 2 75bcWD8_Gog-00308-00334565-00335265 cross m by 2 plus t r horizontal merge m by 2 m plus t r vertical merge m comma m. Instead 75bcWD8_Gog-00309-00336646-00336944 of looking for bottom line approach, I 75bcWD8_Gog-00310-00336944-00337414 am thinking about the top down approach, I am by some recursive method, I have sorted 75bcWD8_Gog-00311-00337414-00337572 this sum sorted this sorted this and 75bcWD8_Gog-00312-00337572-00338024 sorted this. Now, this is a bitonic sequence, so make it 75bcWD8_Gog-00313-00338024-00338724 a sorted one which needs horizontal merge algorithm, so this is the time complexity 75bcWD8_Gog-00314-00339068-00339768 simultaneously you do this. Then, you combined these two using the vertical merge which is 75bcWD8_Gog-00315-00340529-00341229 the time needed for doing this is this. 75bcWD8_Gog-00316-00341791-00342491 So, this is 8 this is 7 and assume m equals to 2 to the power l, what is the solution now T R 75bcWD8_Gog-00317-00352366-00353019 M by 4 cos m by 4 plus 7 by 2 m 75bcWD8_Gog-00318-00353019-00353719 minus 8 plus 7 m minus 8 m equals to 1 answer is 0, so up to m equals 2, we have to go that 75bcWD8_Gog-00319-00355240-00355405 means l. 75bcWD8_Gog-00320-00355405-00356105 What is the answer this is 2 square T R M 1 comma 1, 7, 2 to the power I will write 75bcWD8_Gog-00321-00357593-00358293 is it sure, this is 0, this is 0, tell me the 75bcWD8_Gog-00322-00359862-00360136 solution now. 75bcWD8_Gog-00323-00360136-00360836 Here, 7 m 1 plus minus 8, l and this is 2 to the power l minus m 2 to the power l minus 75bcWD8_Gog-00324-00362817-00363517 1 is 7 m, m minus 1 2 to the power l minus 75bcWD8_Gog-00325-00364014-00364714 1 divided by half into 2 minus 8, l, so this is nothing but 14 m into m minus 1 minus 8 75bcWD8_Gog-00326-00366364-00366510 log m. 75bcWD8_Gog-00327-00366510-00367210 Now, you have t exchange m main t exchange main m by 2 m by 2 plus t exchange horizontal 75bcWD8_Gog-00328-00367750-00368175 merge m by 2 plus t exchange 75bcWD8_Gog-00329-00368175-00368875 vertical merge m comma m. Now, you obtain 3, 3, 3 log m by 2 plus 2 log m what about 75bcWD8_Gog-00330-00371450-00372150 this one, 2 log J k 2 log 2 log l square that 75bcWD8_Gog-00331-00373359-00374059 is 4 log m this is this gives you what three log m three log m plus two 5 plus 9 log m 75bcWD8_Gog-00332-00375517-00377153 t e m m by 2 m by 2 9 log m minus 3. So, 75bcWD8_Gog-00333-00377169-00377869 what is the solution for this 9 log m, tell me minus 3 plus 9 log m by 2 minus 3 plus 75bcWD8_Gog-00334-00379411-00380111 9 log m 4 minus 3, 9 log m. So, it is 14 m minus 1 minus 8 log m, what 75bcWD8_Gog-00335-00385072-00385772 about this one, what is time still it is away, tell me this is this expansion. Then, what 75bcWD8_Gog-00336-00388553-00388625 is 75bcWD8_Gog-00337-00388625-00389325 the answer many log m 9 log m. So, log squared m minus 3 times log m minus first one is minus 9, second one is 75bcWD8_Gog-00338-00392536-00393236 what 18, so I 75bcWD8_Gog-00339-00393354-00394054 should take 9 out 1 plus 2 plus l minus 1, so I get 9 log square m minus 3 log m minus 75bcWD8_Gog-00340-00395651-00396351 9 log m log m minus 1 divided by 2. 75bcWD8_Gog-00341-00396985-00397685 So, you get four point 5 log square m plus 7.5 minus is there no 4.5 plus 1.5 log m. 75bcWD8_Gog-00342-00399350-00400050 Now, tell what is the number of comparisons one is first one is log J right this perform 75bcWD8_Gog-00343-00401447-00402147 is log J, log m plus first one, Log m by 2 75bcWD8_Gog-00344-00402605-00403305 minus log m, Log m by 2 minus log m. What is the formula, Log J minus log k, Log J minus 75bcWD8_Gog-00345-00403573-00403771 Log k minus log k minus log J minus 75bcWD8_Gog-00346-00403771-00404471 log k minus this is minus J plus log k minus 1 and what about vertical merge log J log 75bcWD8_Gog-00347-00406288-00406988 J plus log k. So, this keeps you 2, 3, 3.5, 3, 75bcWD8_Gog-00348-00407536-00408236 4, 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 4 log m minus 2 minus 2 plus 4 times log m by 2 minus 2, 4 times log m 75bcWD8_Gog-00349-00410214-00410827 by 2 to the power n minus 1 minus 2. How 75bcWD8_Gog-00350-00410827-00411527 many log m s 4 into log m into log m because there are log m 2 log m minus 2 times log 75bcWD8_Gog-00351-00412300-00413000 m plus or minus 1 plus 2 plus l minus 1 75bcWD8_Gog-00352-00414383-00415083 into 4. So, 4 times log square m minus 2 log m minus 75bcWD8_Gog-00353-00415800-00416500 4 times log m log m minus 1 divided by 2, so 2 log square m only right such simple 75bcWD8_Gog-00354-00417696-00418396 one good. So, this is about the number of comparisons, you need now the sign thing only 75bcWD8_Gog-00355-00418627-00419083 because you have can you give 2, 3 75bcWD8_Gog-00356-00419083-00419580 minutes. So, I am yet to cover in the next class, I will cover the sign function. 76dy1BOo6tE-00000-00000008-00000317 (mellow piano music) 76dy1BOo6tE-00001-00000488-00000836 - I grew up in a suburb of Memphis called Cordova. 76dy1BOo6tE-00002-00000927-00001299 I did gymnastics from the age of four, 76dy1BOo6tE-00003-00001299-00001564 so I basically spent all my time in the gym. 76dy1BOo6tE-00004-00001564-00001822 Like working out, learning new skills and stuff. 76dy1BOo6tE-00005-00001822-00002070 All my friends were my teammates and stuff like that. 76dy1BOo6tE-00006-00002070-00002276 So I guess I just developed a lot 76dy1BOo6tE-00007-00002276-00002571 because I spent so much time doing it and I loved it a lot. 76dy1BOo6tE-00008-00002709-00003003 It was January 10th, 2012, 76dy1BOo6tE-00009-00003003-00003235 I was in seventh grade, was 13 years old. 76dy1BOo6tE-00010-00003235-00003518 It was a really ordinary day, 76dy1BOo6tE-00011-00003518-00003711 nothing special about the practice. 76dy1BOo6tE-00012-00003711-00003951 I was doing my normal routine 76dy1BOo6tE-00013-00003951-00004310 that I had done a hundred times on the uneven bars, 76dy1BOo6tE-00014-00004310-00004605 and I just made a small mistake and fell, 76dy1BOo6tE-00015-00004605-00004945 and broke my back and injured my spinal cord 76dy1BOo6tE-00016-00004945-00005183 and it took a long time for me to really realize 76dy1BOo6tE-00017-00005183-00005348 or understand how serious it was. 76dy1BOo6tE-00018-00005348-00005470 But I knew that it was pretty bad 76dy1BOo6tE-00019-00005470-00005652 and then I knew I was in pain. 76dy1BOo6tE-00020-00005652-00005874 I was taken to the hospital that night 76dy1BOo6tE-00021-00005874-00006092 and stayed in the hospital in Memphis for 10 days 76dy1BOo6tE-00022-00006092-00006459 and then went to a rehabilitation center in Atlanta, 76dy1BOo6tE-00023-00006459-00006670 called the Shepherd Center for five weeks. 76dy1BOo6tE-00024-00006827-00006945 Once I got to the Shepherd Center 76dy1BOo6tE-00025-00006945-00007090 everything was very structured 76dy1BOo6tE-00026-00007090-00007259 and I was kept very busy every day, 76dy1BOo6tE-00027-00007259-00007515 'cause I had a lot to learn about dressing myself, 76dy1BOo6tE-00028-00007515-00007661 and bathing myself, and getting around 76dy1BOo6tE-00029-00007661-00007866 and using a wheelchair and stuff like that. 76dy1BOo6tE-00030-00007866-00008061 There were other patients on my floor 76dy1BOo6tE-00031-00008061-00008279 that were kinda going through the same thing, 76dy1BOo6tE-00032-00008279-00008457 so that was a cool experience. 76dy1BOo6tE-00033-00008644-00009067 I think that's taken just a lot of time to get over. 76dy1BOo6tE-00034-00009067-00009262 I told one of my basketball teammates 76dy1BOo6tE-00035-00009262-00009428 that coming here and doing basketball 76dy1BOo6tE-00036-00009428-00009746 is kind of the final remedy for not being able 76dy1BOo6tE-00037-00009746-00009884 to do gymnastics anymore. 76dy1BOo6tE-00038-00009884-00010156 Because it really does take time for me to get used to 76dy1BOo6tE-00039-00010156-00010285 not being able to do it anymore 76dy1BOo6tE-00040-00010285-00010579 and I missed it so much in the beginning. 76dy1BOo6tE-00041-00010579-00010731 That kinda went away as time went on, 76dy1BOo6tE-00042-00010731-00010854 but really having something else 76dy1BOo6tE-00043-00010854-00011007 to replace it helped so much. 76dy1BOo6tE-00044-00011205-00011424 In the back of my head I really wanted to go somewhere 76dy1BOo6tE-00045-00011424-00011741 where I could possibly do adaptive sports. 76dy1BOo6tE-00046-00011741-00012034 So it was always an idea to go to Alabama 76dy1BOo6tE-00047-00012034-00012220 and I feel like it all happened really fast, 76dy1BOo6tE-00048-00012220-00012558 because I came, I got introduced to the tennis coach, 76dy1BOo6tE-00049-00012558-00012797 I met him first and talked to him about starting tennis. 76dy1BOo6tE-00050-00012797-00012916 And then met the basketball coach 76dy1BOo6tE-00051-00012916-00013084 and talked to him about starting basketball. 76dy1BOo6tE-00052-00013084-00013266 And then everything just kind of happened really fast, 76dy1BOo6tE-00053-00013266-00013463 so I started going to basketball practices, 76dy1BOo6tE-00054-00013463-00013610 started going to tennis practices 76dy1BOo6tE-00055-00013610-00013766 and then I went to basketball tournaments 76dy1BOo6tE-00056-00013766-00013988 and spent so much time with these girls 76dy1BOo6tE-00057-00013988-00014232 on the basketball team and I've really grown close 76dy1BOo6tE-00058-00014232-00014528 to some of them and these people are my family now. 76dy1BOo6tE-00059-00014631-00014851 It's really beneficial to have, to be surrounded 76dy1BOo6tE-00060-00014851-00015185 by people that are similar to me in that way. 76dy1BOo6tE-00061-00015185-00015368 I feel like that's something that was sort of missing 76dy1BOo6tE-00062-00015368-00015707 in my life the past six years when I was at home 76dy1BOo6tE-00063-00015707-00015930 after I left the rehab hospital. 76dy1BOo6tE-00064-00015930-00016126 So it's really cool to have that back, 76dy1BOo6tE-00065-00016126-00016394 it's just like a immediate bond that you have with someone 76dy1BOo6tE-00066-00016394-00016733 when you've been through something like that, so it's cool. 76dy1BOo6tE-00067-00016733-00017006 I'm really so thankful to have come here 76dy1BOo6tE-00068-00017006-00017157 at the time that I did. 76dy1BOo6tE-00069-00017157-00017425 It worked out better than I could've imagined. 76dy1BOo6tE-00070-00017425-00017595 'Cause like I said, I wasn't sure at all 76dy1BOo6tE-00071-00017595-00017753 if I'd be able to get involved in sports, 76dy1BOo6tE-00072-00017753-00018052 now I'm full-time playing two sports and that's great. 76dy1BOo6tE-00073-00018052-00018377 (dramatic piano music) 7tAKWwNxg_u-00000-00000060-00000470 JULY 1945, THE HEAVY CRUISER USS 7tAKWwNxg_u-00001-00000470-00000670 INDIANAPOLIS HAD DELIEVERED THE ATOMIC BOMB 7tAKWwNxg_u-00002-00000670-00000940 COMPONENTS TO THE PACIFIC ISLAND AIR BASE ON TINIAN. 7tAKWwNxg_u-00003-00001000-00001284 SHORTLY AFTER MIDNIGHT ON JULY 30TH TRADEGY STRUCK. 7tAKWwNxg_u-00004-00001327-00001548 TWO TORPEDOS FROM A JAPANESE SUBMARINE HIT THE 7tAKWwNxg_u-00005-00001548-00001811 "INDY" SENDING HER BENEATH THE WAVES IN 12 MINUTES. 7tAKWwNxg_u-00006-00001855-00002115 NOW 70 YEARS LATER THE SURVIVORS REUNITE TO 7tAKWwNxg_u-00007-00002115-00002315 REMEMBER THE SHIPMATES THEY LOST. 7tAKWwNxg_u-00008-00002335-00002499 "CODE RED, STAND BY! 7tAKWwNxg_u-00009-00002499-00002849 FIRE AND EVERY TWO SECONDS HE FIRES A TORPEDO, 7tAKWwNxg_u-00010-00002849-00003089 HE FIRES SIX TORPEDOS. 7tAKWwNxg_u-00011-00003089-00003673 I LOOKED UP AND THERE IN THE FORWARD TUBE DOORS 7tAKWwNxg_u-00012-00003673-00004114 INTO THE WARD ROOM WERE TWO GREAT SWIRLING 7tAKWwNxg_u-00013-00004114-00004424 CATAPILLARS OF FLAME THAT CAME IN. 7tAKWwNxg_u-00014-00004424-00004691 AND I JUMPED UP I WAS IN MY SCIVVIYS I JUST JUMPED 7tAKWwNxg_u-00015-00004691-00004938 UP I PUT MY PANTS AND SHIRT ON. 7tAKWwNxg_u-00016-00004938-00005201 I WAS CARRYING MY SHOES. 7tAKWwNxg_u-00017-00005201-00005602 AND THEN THE SECOND TORPEDO HIT. 7tAKWwNxg_u-00018-00005602-00005965 WATCH THE FULL STORY OF SURVIVAL ON AH.MIL. 7uA1RG0hhv8-00000-00000000-00000260 Today on Draw my Life what do your dreams mean 7uA1RG0hhv8-00001-00000318-00000514 have you ever dreamed with your ex 7uA1RG0hhv8-00002-00000572-00000752 or with ghosts that appear to you 7uA1RG0hhv8-00003-00000766-00000986 although this is the same as seeing your ex 7uA1RG0hhv8-00004-00001010-00001214 have you had a dream full of candy 7uA1RG0hhv8-00005-00001256-00001616 Well each and every one of your dreams is created by your subconscious 7uA1RG0hhv8-00006-00001734-00001973 they help your brain eliminate tension and rest 7uA1RG0hhv8-00007-00002026-00002182 and they have a hidden meaning 7uA1RG0hhv8-00008-00002258-00002550 for example, the ex means you have some unfinished business 7uA1RG0hhv8-00009-00002637-00002985 and the candy dream is your subconscious complimenting you on something 7uA1RG0hhv8-00010-00003060-00003315 or you are just overeating . Please take care of yourself 7uA1RG0hhv8-00011-00003398-00003634 Anyway lets look at the most common dreams 7uA1RG0hhv8-00012-00003701-00003917 if you often dream that you are being chased 7uA1RG0hhv8-00013-00003929-00004458 this means that someone or something in your life makes you feel uncomfortable or threatened and so you run away 7uA1RG0hhv8-00014-00004548-00004896 its also possible that you are holding onto guilt or a trauma 7uA1RG0hhv8-00015-00004914-00005258 so what you need to do is face up to those concerns when you are awake 7uA1RG0hhv8-00016-00005407-00005711 another recurring dream is to be totally naked in public 7uA1RG0hhv8-00017-00005828-00005992 so are you a little insecure? 7uA1RG0hhv8-00018-00006085-00006297 are you worried about showing who you really are? 7uA1RG0hhv8-00019-00006337-00006473 Obviously yes 7uA1RG0hhv8-00020-00006479-00007143 every time you have this kind of dream . remember what you are worth and fill up with confidence to take on the next day . and the next 7uA1RG0hhv8-00021-00007172-00007372 And what about the dreams you fly in? 7uA1RG0hhv8-00022-00007396-00007576 those are my favorite dreams 7uA1RG0hhv8-00023-00007586-00007946 just dreaming that I am flying but like I am swimming in the sky 7uA1RG0hhv8-00024-00007948-00008260 here our subconscious reminds us that we have taken a weight off 7uA1RG0hhv8-00025-00008292-00008520 its as if our minds breathe a sigh of relief 7uA1RG0hhv8-00026-00008567-00008987 in which case congratulations you have probably solved a stressful situation 7uA1RG0hhv8-00027-00009072-00009436 Have you ever dreamt that you are driving on astraight and endless road 7uA1RG0hhv8-00028-00009440-00009756 but suddenly you get derailed and have a brutal accident 7uA1RG0hhv8-00029-00009766-00009930 well then listen closely 7uA1RG0hhv8-00030-00009935-00010455 You control your life . Dont let your life control you and let no one else make decisions for you 7uA1RG0hhv8-00031-00010459-00010683 This brings me to those dreams where we die 7uA1RG0hhv8-00032-00010698-00010906 is often associated with a bad omen 7uA1RG0hhv8-00033-00010919-00011311 it is said that our subconscious prepares us for some change in our life 7uA1RG0hhv8-00034-00011355-00011555 however this is not a bit strange 7uA1RG0hhv8-00035-00011590-00011910 how does the subconscious know what is going to happen to us 7uA1RG0hhv8-00036-00011936-00012496 Finally at the same time popular culture says that those dreams in which teeth fall out are an omen of death 7uA1RG0hhv8-00037-00012564-00012828 but obviously this does not have to be the case 7uA1RG0hhv8-00038-00012895-00013303 theres just a situation that you dont like or stresses you and makes you uncertain 7uA1RG0hhv8-00039-00013341-00013617 it is also possible that you are an insecure person 7uA1RG0hhv8-00040-00013718-00013969 In any case depending on the teeth that fall out 7uA1RG0hhv8-00041-00013981-00014257 dream dictionaries state that the meaning will be one or the other 7uA1RG0hhv8-00042-00014360-00014532 do you dream about babies? 7uA1RG0hhv8-00043-00014552-00014940 aside from the the obvious meaning . the biological clock knocking on your door 7uA1RG0hhv8-00044-00014955-00015411 dreaming about a baby means that changes are coming into your life . and you have to face them 7uA1RG0hhv8-00045-00015435-00015615 they may or may not be a problem 7uA1RG0hhv8-00046-00015637-00015877 but be aware and face them the best you can 7uA1RG0hhv8-00047-00015972-00016252 bloodstained dreams are related to an illness or accident 7uA1RG0hhv8-00048-00016329-00016573 in these dreams the context is very important 7uA1RG0hhv8-00049-00016632-00017152 For example, if you dream about your hands being stained with blood . you probably feel guilty about something 7uA1RG0hhv8-00050-00017234-00017410 lets end with a curious dream 7uA1RG0hhv8-00051-00017425-00017625 the one where lice are on your head 7uA1RG0hhv8-00052-00017673-00017853 this is a very bad sign 7uA1RG0hhv8-00053-00017876-00018204 either you have lice or you are being careless in some area of your life 7uA1RG0hhv8-00054-00018230-00018362 good luck with that 7uA1RG0hhv8-00055-00018377-00018677 what is your most common dream and what happens in it 7uA1RG0hhv8-00056-00018686-00018898 leave it in the comments and subscribe 7uA1RG0hhv8-00057-00018910-00020593 until the next video 7w90TJaGQ7g-00000-00000000-00000342 Good morning, Hank. It's Tuesday. And I'm in my garden, which can only mean one thing: 7w90TJaGQ7g-00001-00000342-00000528 It's time to harvest the peas. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00002-00000528-00000850 A deer ate a bunch of my food a couple weeks ago, so my dad made a fence. Thanks dad! 7w90TJaGQ7g-00003-00000850-00001163 Now, I've already gotten to enjoy quite a bit of kale and collard greens this year 7w90TJaGQ7g-00004-00001164-00001362 But it's the first pea harvest. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00005-00001362-00001710 And I'm just so excited. I can't wait anymore, Hank. Let's do it. Let's harvest the peas! 7w90TJaGQ7g-00006-00001718-00001876 Aaaaaand... 7w90TJaGQ7g-00007-00001894-00001982 [Pea pod breaking off plant] 7w90TJaGQ7g-00008-00002014-00002190 Done. I got the peas. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00009-00002190-00002426 Okay Hank, it's time to count up our peas. We've got— 7w90TJaGQ7g-00010-00002426-00002536 Oh God, don't go away! 7w90TJaGQ7g-00011-00002536-00003046 No, you're one of my only peas. Okay, we've got three peas plus the runaway. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00012-00003046-00003240 Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah, that's four peas. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00013-00003240-00003468 We've got-- there's the fourth pea. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00014-00003568-00003764 Gah, more run away peas! 7w90TJaGQ7g-00015-00003764-00003954 [singing] Why do the good peas 7w90TJaGQ7g-00016-00003964-00004320 Always run away, run away. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00017-00004320-00004590 Where you at pea? Come on, man. Come on. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00018-00004654-00004900 You're ten percent of my pea crop for the year. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00019-00004900-00004968 Nine peas. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00020-00004968-00005471 It hasn't been the best pea weather here in Indianapolis because it went from cold to hot more or less immediately, 7w90TJaGQ7g-00021-00005471-00005655 But we're not letting that discourage us. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00022-00005655-00005978 Now, Hank, one way of looking at these nine peas is that they were very expensive. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00023-00005978-00006176 Like if you count all the water and the 7w90TJaGQ7g-00024-00006178-00006472 compost and the seeds, it's about 25 cents a pea. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00025-00006472-00006900 But another way of looking at it is that my peas are very valuable. Walk with me. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00026-00006918-00007500 Hank, today I'm gonna teach you how to create the most luxurious and delicious nine pea snack in the history of the world. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00027-00007500-00007559 Let's get to it. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00028-00007559-00007736 So if you're making a luxury nine pea dish, 7w90TJaGQ7g-00029-00007736-00008042 the first thing you're gonna want to do is massage your peas very gently. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00030-00008043-00008145 There are a lot of ways to do this 7w90TJaGQ7g-00031-00008145-00008556 But my favorite way is to try to see how many peas I can fit in a pea mustache. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00032-00008679-00008839 Oh no, one stuck. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00033-00008839-00008959 It's a disaster. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00034-00008959-00009182 Usually the next thing I like to do is just give my peas a 7w90TJaGQ7g-00035-00009182-00009732 basic overview of some of the factors that affect their lives, because you don't want to eat uneducated peas. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00036-00009756-00010208 And the team playing in Milton Keynes actually got relegated out of the third tier (if you can believe that) 7w90TJaGQ7g-00037-00010210-00010452 so AFC Wimbledon don't even have to play them. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00038-00010452-00010866 So once you've got your peas educated and massaged, it's time to start thinking about cooking them. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00039-00010866-00011108 And obviously this is gonna be uncomfortable 7w90TJaGQ7g-00040-00011108-00011572 Mostly for the peas. I recommend gently but firmly explaining the situation to your peas. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00041-00011574-00011969 So listen guys, we've had a good run together, but I am going to eat you now. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00042-00011970-00012531 My body is going to turn you into energy that I will then use to probably watch TV. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00043-00012531-00012952 And then once you've given your peas what I call "the talk", it's time to cook them. Let's go to the kitchen. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00044-00012952-00013358 So one thing a lot of people don't know is that unlike asparagus or kale, peas are actually quite starchy 7w90TJaGQ7g-00045-00013359-00013900 Which means you have to boil them for a little longer. An undercooked pea is just not that good. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00046-00013900-00014046 Great. Now I got eight peas. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00047-00014046-00014297 I like to boil my water in a tiny artisanal pot 7w90TJaGQ7g-00048-00014297-00014590 Because, you know, I've already wasted enough water growing the eight peas. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00049-00014590-00014700 [Turning on the stove] 7w90TJaGQ7g-00050-00014700-00014838 There we go. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00051-00014838-00015038 You know what they say about a watched pot. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00052-00015038-00015377 It will eventually boil. You're gonna drop in your eight remaining peas 7w90TJaGQ7g-00053-00015378-00015874 I'd say for about, like, five minutes. Sometimes it helps the peas cook if you sing them a little song. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00054-00015874-00016319 [singing] Did you ever know that you're my pea-ro? 7w90TJaGQ7g-00055-00016319-00016750 I'm really sorry about that pun. It sucked. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00056-00016764-00017120 While you're waiting, I recommend looking at art, like this picture. When I first got it 7w90TJaGQ7g-00057-00017120-00017320 I thought it was about Hollywood coming for YouTube 7w90TJaGQ7g-00058-00017320-00017636 and then later I thought it was about YouTube coming for Hollywood 7w90TJaGQ7g-00059-00017636-00017844 and now I don't know what I think. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00060-00017844-00018046 Then you use your pea scooper to scoop out the— 7w90TJaGQ7g-00061-00018046-00018246 [Pea scooper banging against the pot] 7w90TJaGQ7g-00062-00018250-00018352 Dang it. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00063-00018352-00018834 Then plate your eight cooked peas in a soy sauce container and then at last it's time to eat your eight peas. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00064-00018834-00019034 I recommend eating them one at a time. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00065-00019174-00019358 Mmm 7w90TJaGQ7g-00066-00019404-00019604 Mmm 7w90TJaGQ7g-00067-00019741-00020195 Tastes a lot like the peas you get at the grocery store. So Hank, if you want to have a luxury pea experience— 7w90TJaGQ7g-00068-00020202-00020540 Nope, that doesn't sound right. No. No. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00069-00020562-00020838 At any rate, I cannot recommend gardening enough. 7w90TJaGQ7g-00070-00020838-00021074 Really. Hank, I'll see you on Friday. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00000-00001123-00001618 LEVEL 2/4267 CLASSIFIED 7wmWqC67Z2A-00001-00001618-00002007 Item #: SCP-4267 Neutralized 7wmWqC67Z2A-00002-00002007-00002930 NOTE: As of 12/2/1995, the following document is for archival purposes only. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00003-00002930-00003583 Special Containment Procedures: The house containing SCP-4267 is currently Foundation 7wmWqC67Z2A-00004-00003583-00003940 property and occupied by several research personnel. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00005-00003940-00004662 Equipment is provided to remove the remaining creosote buildup inside SCP-4267 to prevent 7wmWqC67Z2A-00006-00004662-00004857 fire hazards. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00007-00004857-00005330 Secure covers have been installed to prevent unauthorized access. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00008-00005330-00006121 Description: SCP-4267 refers to the chimney of a two-story house in ████, North 7wmWqC67Z2A-00009-00006121-00006332 Yorkshire, England. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00010-00006332-00007068 SCP-4267 was officially documented in 1875, maintaining only an unofficial 'reputation' 7wmWqC67Z2A-00011-00007068-00007643 among past homeowners and local chimney sweeps for several decades for having a higher-than-average 7wmWqC67Z2A-00012-00007643-00007889 fatality rate. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00013-00007889-00008423 SCP-4267 houses a spatial anomaly within its flue, seemingly extending the inside of the 7wmWqC67Z2A-00014-00008423-00008742 chimney to a currently unknown length. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00015-00008742-00009142 It is lined with the same type of bricks used to construct the exterior. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00016-00009142-00009668 The anomaly can be accessed from either opening; however, it is unclear whether the openings 7wmWqC67Z2A-00017-00009668-00010165 are connected, as objects dropped from the top fail to exit the bottom. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00018-00010165-00010709 Initial exploration using robotic equipment has not observed any other additional anomalous 7wmWqC67Z2A-00019-00010709-00011131 phenomena within SCP-4267. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00020-00011131-00011554 Creosote formations are encountered as far as 1200 meters up the flue. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00021-00011554-00011772 Addendum: Incident 4267-A 7wmWqC67Z2A-00022-00011772-00012756 On 12/2/1995, a number of wooden recreational items suddenly exited the fireplace connected 7wmWqC67Z2A-00023-00012756-00012936 to SCP-4267. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00024-00012936-00013556 Shortly after, an emaciated humanoid entity with excessive facial hair fell down the chimney, 7wmWqC67Z2A-00025-00013556-00013818 covered in a thick layer of soot. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00026-00013818-00014393 It began exhibiting reality-manipulating abilities and reacted aggressively towards personnel, 7wmWqC67Z2A-00027-00014393-00014746 with two members suffering second-degree burns. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00028-00014746-00015300 It then escaped through the front entrance and into another residence nearby, which coincided 7wmWqC67Z2A-00029-00015300-00015851 with SCP-4267 collapsing inward from unknown forces. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00030-00015851-00016276 The owner of said residence later claimed the entity snapped its fingers before entering 7wmWqC67Z2A-00031-00016276-00016403 the house's fireplace and disappeared. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00032-00016403-00017290 A leather sack was discovered inside the remains of SCP-4267, containing additional non-anomalous 7wmWqC67Z2A-00033-00017290-00017615 items, and a small amount of coal 7wmWqC67Z2A-00034-00017615-00018206 Coal is not a product of SCP-4267, and personnel denied having used the fireplace connected 7wmWqC67Z2A-00035-00018206-00018364 to it. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00036-00018364-00019009 Subsequent examinations revealed that SCP-4267 no longer exhibits anomalous properties, and 7wmWqC67Z2A-00037-00019009-00019327 was reclassified as Neutralized. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00038-00019327-00019920 Witnesses were given amnestics and a cover story of a chimney fire was disseminated. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00039-00019920-00020343 The house was purchased by another individual after repairs were made. 7wmWqC67Z2A-00040-00020343-00021036 The entity has yet to be located or identified, and whether it is related to SCP-4267 is unclear. 7z507yYH_vA-00000-00000054-00001680 yeah I think is is committed to him first of all because I remember he came in a picture very early 7z507yYH_vA-00001-00001680-00002418 with 16. it's never easy at that age he went to a Madrid and everybody worked out he's done a lot of 7z507yYH_vA-00002-00002418-00002928 lawn as well in Spain and you know now we become like a complete players and I think it's credited 7z507yYH_vA-00003-00002928-00003822 as well to um and and hockey in Arsenal because to to recognize and to go and get him and sign him 7z507yYH_vA-00004-00003822-00004398 and make him captain and make him you know their main player is is credited to them but I think 7z507yYH_vA-00005-00004476-00005178 it's not just the way he played and the goals is called and the passage the RCC in the level is 7z507yYH_vA-00006-00005178-00005628 set up the Press is very good as well we'll start in the place as well and I think that's important 7z507yYH_vA-00007-00005628-00006156 you know because I think people see him as a luxury player but he's not you know he can defend 7z507yYH_vA-00008-00006264-00006923 um his core goals obviously assist and um I think he's is he always deliver Captain performance and 7z507yYH_vA-00009-00006923-00007512 he's been very very good this season and I think he does have a law coded for that how fair is it 7z507yYH_vA-00010-00007512-00008166 to say when he's at Real Madrid it was it was hard to know what player he was because you're such a 7z507yYH_vA-00011-00008166-00008838 big club with such a big name is it fair to say arsenal we have seen and discovered what type of 7z507yYH_vA-00012-00008838-00009294 player what what his best position is who he is and and with the captain's armband that gives him 7z507yYH_vA-00013-00009294-00009810 the confidence to be that player yeah absolutely and I do think as well when he was playing for 7z507yYH_vA-00014-00009810-00010308 Madrid he was young and I think he needed about time and big Club don't necessarily give you the 7z507yYH_vA-00015-00010308-00010788 time you know if you if you don't come and perform you know they put you on the side really and uh 7z507yYH_vA-00016-00010788-00011274 you know the Real Madrid Jersey room is big big character and if you if you don't settle you know 7z507yYH_vA-00017-00011274-00012030 is you're gonna you're gonna have to leave and um Arsenal you know uh is is very comfortable there 7z507yYH_vA-00018-00012114-00012588 um the player make him you know made him welcome and he feel and when you're confident you know 7z507yYH_vA-00019-00012588-00013056 you you deliver your best football and uh in being named captain as well is is given 7z507yYH_vA-00020-00013056-00013524 probably more confident and it's been so good since this season and uh it's been good to see 7z507yYH_vA-00021-00013524-00014136 okay they are eight points clear at the top as we sit here watching them train uh we know they 7z507yYH_vA-00022-00014136-00014568 had this huge game at the weekend do they have what it takes to maintain this title challenge 7z507yYH_vA-00023-00014568-00015216 for you are they now at this moment favorites to win it yeah is it definitely a favorite to win it 7z507yYH_vA-00024-00015216-00015647 um and I'll do things there they're going to do it this season because I think at the beginning 7z507yYH_vA-00025-00015647-00016128 of the season and even like until a couple years a couple weeks ago everyone was saying oh I haven't 7z507yYH_vA-00026-00016128-00016770 played a big team yet and and they did and the performance in win games so you know I think my 7z507yYH_vA-00027-00016770-00017214 personal opinion I think they will do it I think the only concern we can have is if they have an 7z507yYH_vA-00028-00017214-00017700 injury or the guard go injured like how's it going to look like I think we have to talk about the 7z507yYH_vA-00029-00017700-00018204 partnership between partly and um in soccer you know he's been very very good this season as well 7z507yYH_vA-00030-00018204-00018744 with all the trouble he had with the club before you know I think he deserve a lower credit and 7z507yYH_vA-00031-00018744-00019134 um and and defensively as well is a very good I think a couple years ago were saying like 7z507yYH_vA-00032-00019134-00019662 they need a big Center half you know uh Saliba and Gabriel has been very good the Partnerships 7z507yYH_vA-00033-00019662-00020256 working very well soccer has been doing very good as well scoring goals and Martinelli has 7z507yYH_vA-00034-00020256-00020592 been good you know I can go through the whole teams they've been very very good and if they 7z507yYH_vA-00035-00020592-00020922 manage to keep everyone fit I think they'd be winning the Premier League this season 7_5Fb5ZM-20-00000-00000000-00002800 Music Playing 7_8t2F9PcHY-00000-00000000-00000200 It appears that I cannot leave any new links. 7AKKJB690yA-00000-00000204-00000838 This lesson discusses how to find the area between a curve and the X axis. 7AKKJB690yA-00001-00000838-00001739 Previously, we approximated this by summing over a number of rectangles, then we drew 7AKKJB690yA-00002-00001739-00002339 under the curve, and approximated what the area was – but it was not exact. 7AKKJB690yA-00003-00002339-00003254 The fundamental theorem of calculus allows us to find EXACTLY the area between our function 7AKKJB690yA-00004-00003254-00003461 and the X axis. 7AKKJB690yA-00005-00003461-00003932 And the way we do this is called a definite integral. 7AKKJB690yA-00006-00003932-00004476 The fundamental theorem of calculus states that the net area between a curve over the 7AKKJB690yA-00007-00004476-00005051 limits A and B is the integral from A to B. So what makes this ‘definite’ instead 7AKKJB690yA-00008-00005051-00005536 of ‘indefinite’ is we have limits now – and then we take the antiderivative of 7AKKJB690yA-00009-00005536-00006389 the function and evaluate it at the upper limit minus the lower limit. 7AKKJB690yA-00010-00006389-00007311 There is no need for a plus C when we do these antiderivatives because if we had a plus C, 7AKKJB690yA-00011-00007311-00008479 it would end up cancelling out when we evaluated our function at the upper limit minus the 7AKKJB690yA-00012-00008479-00009538 lower limit – because here I have a plus C and then I have a minus C. 7AKKJB690yA-00013-00009538-00009806 So let's use this. 7AKKJB690yA-00014-00009806-00010416 The antiderivative of X squared is 1/3X cubed. 7AKKJB690yA-00015-00010416-00011224 The antiderivative of negative 2 is negative 2X – and we're going to evaluate that going 7AKKJB690yA-00016-00011224-00011449 from 0 to 2. 7AKKJB690yA-00017-00011449-00012386 So when I plug in my upper limit, I get 1/3 times 2 cubed minus 2 times 2 minus – if 7AKKJB690yA-00018-00012386-00012791 I evaluate this at 0, we're just going to get 0. 7AKKJB690yA-00019-00012791-00013754 So this gives me 8/3 minus 4, which is negative 4/3. 7AKKJB690yA-00020-00013754-00014151 Now how is it possible for me to get a negative area? 7AKKJB690yA-00021-00014151-00014433 Well this formula’s calculating net area. 7AKKJB690yA-00022-00014433-00014618 So let's look at the graph. 7AKKJB690yA-00023-00014618-00015018 We're looking at what's going on between 0 and 2. 7AKKJB690yA-00024-00015018-00015829 Well in between 0 and my X intercept, my curve is below the X axis. 7AKKJB690yA-00025-00015829-00016482 In between the X intercept and 2, it's above the X axis. 7AKKJB690yA-00026-00016482-00017362 When we calculate net area, we consider anything below the X axis to have a negative contribution 7AKKJB690yA-00027-00017362-00017774 and anything above it to have a positive contribution. 7AKKJB690yA-00028-00017774-00018376 So we have more area below the X axis in this problem than we do above it, therefore we 7AKKJB690yA-00029-00018376-00018734 get a negative net area as a result. 7AKKJB690yA-00030-00018734-00019110 Okay, let's try another problem. 7AKKJB690yA-00031-00019110-00019820 If I'm going to evaluate the antiderivative of the square root of X, I want to rewrite 7AKKJB690yA-00032-00019820-00020313 that so that I can see the power on it. 7AKKJB690yA-00033-00020313-00021171 So this will become 3 times – well, X is going to become X to the 3/2, which means 7AKKJB690yA-00034-00021171-00021806 I needed a 2/3 out front and we're going to evaluate going from 1 to 4. 7AKKJB690yA-00035-00021806-00022299 Well, the 3/3 simplifies. 7AKKJB690yA-00036-00022299-00023679 So we're evaluating 2X to the 3/2 going from 1 to 4, and that gives us 16 minus 2 is 14. 7AKKJB690yA-00037-00023679-00024670 Okay, the next problem – we need the antiderivative of secant squared. 7AKKJB690yA-00038-00024670-00025098 Now this should be an antiderivative that you recognize. 7AKKJB690yA-00039-00025098-00025922 The derivative of tangent is equal to secant squared. 7AKKJB690yA-00040-00025922-00027047 So we need to evaluate tangent at π/4 minus tangent at 0. 7AKKJB690yA-00041-00027047-00027577 Tangent of π/4 – well that's sine/cosine is root 2/2 divided by root 2/2. 7AKKJB690yA-00042-00027577-00028063 So we just get 1, and tangent of 0 is 0. 7AKKJB690yA-00043-00028063-00028567 So the area under this curve is 1. 7AKKJB690yA-00044-00028567-00029144 All right, this problem is a little bit trickier. 7AKKJB690yA-00045-00029144-00029731 It's an absolute value function and we don't know how to take the antiderivative of absolute 7AKKJB690yA-00046-00029731-00029831 value. 7AKKJB690yA-00047-00029831-00030157 So let's see what does the graph of absolute value look like? 7AKKJB690yA-00048-00030157-00031322 Well if we plug in an X equals 1 here, we're going to get 2 minus 1 is 1; if I plug in 7AKKJB690yA-00049-00031322-00031683 a 0, I'll get the absolute value of negative 1. 7AKKJB690yA-00050-00031683-00032354 Well that'll become positive 1 and in between it – if I plug in a 1/2¸ I'll actually 7AKKJB690yA-00051-00032354-00032881 get 0 – and our upper limit is 2, so we need to know what that is. 7AKKJB690yA-00052-00032881-00033428 We plug in a 2, we get 4 minus 1 absolute value of 3 is 3. 7AKKJB690yA-00053-00033428-00034245 So what's happening here is I'm going to have to separate this integral into two parts so 7AKKJB690yA-00054-00034245-00035672 that I can find this area using this function – and I can find this area using this function. 7AKKJB690yA-00055-00035672-00036656 So absolute value of 2X minus 1 can actually be defined as a piecewise function, where 7AKKJB690yA-00056-00036656-00037515 for X less than values of 1/2 we are getting negative values inside the absolute value 7AKKJB690yA-00057-00037515-00038249 symbol and so we take the negative of whatever's in there to make it positive. 7AKKJB690yA-00058-00038249-00038905 At values of X greater than or equal to 1/2¸ we're getting values inside the absolute values 7AKKJB690yA-00059-00038905-00039490 that are positive so we just leave the function be. 7AKKJB690yA-00060-00039490-00040396 So I'm going to break my integral up into an integral from 0 to 1/2 using the first 7AKKJB690yA-00061-00040396-00040931 part of the function, and I'm going to distribute this negative – and say I'm integrating 7AKKJB690yA-00062-00040931-00042030 over negative 2X plus 1, and then we're going to integrate from 1/2 to 2 using the other 7AKKJB690yA-00063-00042030-00042767 part of our function. 7AKKJB690yA-00064-00042767-00043530 So the antiderivative of negative 2X is negative X squared, antiderivative of 1 is X and we're 7AKKJB690yA-00065-00043530-00044549 evaluating those from – sorry about that – 0 to 1/2, plus the antiderivative 2X is 7AKKJB690yA-00066-00044549-00045274 X squared, the antiderivative of negative 1 is negative X and evaluating that from 1/2 7AKKJB690yA-00067-00045274-00045565 to 2. 7AKKJB690yA-00068-00045565-00047441 This gives me 7AKKJB690yA-00069-00047441-00047630 a lot of fractions and a lot of numbers. 7AKKJB690yA-00070-00047630-00048171 When I simplify it all, I get 5/2. 7AKKJB690yA-00071-00048171-00049247 Okay, what we just used in order to solve that definite integral was one of the properties 7AKKJB690yA-00072-00049247-00049379 of definite integrals. 7AKKJB690yA-00073-00049379-00049973 There are several properties and they are pretty logical. 7AKKJB690yA-00074-00049973-00050584 The first one states that if I integrate with the same lower limit and upper limit, I'm 7AKKJB690yA-00075-00050584-00050777 going to get 0. 7AKKJB690yA-00076-00050777-00051983 Well that makes sense because if we evaluate this we're going to get F of A minus F of 7AKKJB690yA-00077-00051983-00052163 A, which is 0. 7AKKJB690yA-00078-00052163-00052463 Also, we're trying to integrate under a vertical line. 7AKKJB690yA-00079-00052463-00052891 There's no area under a vertical line. 7AKKJB690yA-00080-00052891-00053798 The second property states that if I reverse the order of my limits I'll get exactly the 7AKKJB690yA-00081-00053798-00054173 opposite sign for the area. 7AKKJB690yA-00082-00054173-00054276 Well that makes sense. 7AKKJB690yA-00083-00054276-00055418 The first one gives us F of B minus F of A and the second one would give us F of A minus 7AKKJB690yA-00084-00055418-00056124 F of B, which is exactly the opposite sign of what we started with. 7AKKJB690yA-00085-00056124-00056799 The third property is the one that we just used, which says if you pick some value in 7AKKJB690yA-00086-00056799-00057544 between your limits you can separate your integral into pieces and then add them together 7AKKJB690yA-00087-00057544-00057973 to get the total net area. 7AKKJB690yA-00088-00057973-00058438 Okay, one last problem for this lesson. 7AKKJB690yA-00089-00058438-00059236 Let's find the area between Y equals 1 over X, the X axis, and it's giving us limits from 7AKKJB690yA-00090-00059236-00060475 1 to E. Well E is approximately 2.7 - so I'm going to say E is going to go about there. 7AKKJB690yA-00091-00060475-00061349 If I evaluate 1 over X at 1, I get 1 – and then, if I evaluate it at 1/3 I'd be down 7AKKJB690yA-00092-00061349-00061475 here at 1/3. 7AKKJB690yA-00093-00061475-00061910 I don't want to figure out what 1 over E is because that's a yucky number. 7AKKJB690yA-00094-00061910-00062786 So my curve is doing something like this and we're evaluating from here to here and calculating 7AKKJB690yA-00095-00062786-00063157 that area. 7AKKJB690yA-00096-00063157-00064251 So my area is going to be the integral from 1 to E of 1/XDX. 7AKKJB690yA-00097-00064251-00065163 Well the antiderivative of 1/X is natural log of the absolute value of X evaluated from 7AKKJB690yA-00098-00065163-00066150 1 to E. This gives us the natural log of E minus the natural log of 1. 7AKKJB690yA-00099-00066150-00066650 The natural log of E is 1 and natural log of 1 is 0. 7AKKJB690yA-00100-00066650-00066974 So our net area under this curve is 1. 7E9dTp0R9Zu-00000-00000008-00000108 Contest 7E9dTp0R9Zu-00001-00000115-00000206 SUBSCRIBE , LIKE AND COMMENT 7E9dTp0R9Zu-00002-00000212-00000362 WINNER GETS THIS BEAT 7E9dTp0R9Zu-00003-00000374-00000494 CONTEST ENDS 12.10.2018 7E9dTp0R9Zu-00004-00000501-00000688 WINNER WILL BE PINNED IN THE COMMENT SECTION 7ETWjHfAwCA-00000-00000600-00001080 Hi, my name's Catherine and I'm one of the administrators of Galaxy Australia. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00001-00001168-00001592 I’m going to talk about Galaxy tool management with ephemeris. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00002-00001823-00002200 So I'll talk about how tools are configured on a Galaxy instance. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00003-00002288-00002768 What the Galaxy tool shed is and how to install tools from it onto Galaxy 7ETWjHfAwCA-00004-00002840-00003296 and what ephemeris is and how it can be used to manage tools on a galaxy instance. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00005-00003815-00004424 A Galaxy tool or wrapper is an xml file describing a software program. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00006-00004424-00004800 It allows Galaxy to display the tool interface and execute the software. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00007-00004896-00005456 The wrapper xml contains definitions of the tool input form and instructions to translate form 7ETWjHfAwCA-00008-00005456-00006104 entries into your command to execute the tool. The underlying software packages needed 7ETWjHfAwCA-00009-00006104-00006472 to execute the tool command are called requirements or dependencies 7ETWjHfAwCA-00010-00006568-00007184 and this could be something like sam tools or biopython or any number of software packages. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00011-00007336-00007784 A Tool Shed repository is a code archive in the toolshed containing Galaxy tools. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00012-00008408-00008784 The tool panel on the left hand side of a Galaxy site 7ETWjHfAwCA-00013-00008784-00009424 contains all of the tools available on that Galaxy instance arranged into sections. In this picture, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00014-00009424-00009984 the text manipulation section has been expanded and you can see all the tools within that. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00015-00010112-00010480 There are tools that come with the Galaxy code, such as the uploader, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00016-00010480-00010928 but the vast majority of tools on a public Galaxy have been installed from the toolshed. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00017-00011088-00011448 The contents and the layout of the tool panel are customizable. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00018-00012184-00012576 The contents of the tool panel are defined by configuration files 7ETWjHfAwCA-00019-00012640-00013047 and Galaxy knows about its tools based on what's in these files. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00020-00013168-00013616 The tool_conf_file contains galaxy built-in tools and manually added tools. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00021-00013744-00014288 The shed_tool_conf file is managed by Galaxy and contains all tools installed from the toolshed. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00022-00014456-00014952 The integrated tool panel file contains all of the tools from the first two files 7ETWjHfAwCA-00023-00015024-00015424 and it can be edited to change the layout of the tool panel. For example 7ETWjHfAwCA-00024-00015424-00015744 you might want to rearrange tool sections in a different order. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00025-00016296-00016984 And these are small snippets of the tool_conf and shed_tool_conf files. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00026-00017064-00017800 The tool_conf file contains paths to local tool wrapper xml files 7ETWjHfAwCA-00027-00017904-00018416 and each tool element is within a section telling Galaxy where to put the tool in the panel. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00028-00018608-00019088 The shed_tool_conf also contains paths to the tool wrapper xml within the directory 7ETWjHfAwCA-00029-00019088-00020056 structure that galaxy uses for the shed tools. So in this case it has the file shovill.xml 7ETWjHfAwCA-00030-00020216-00020632 and the shed_tool_conf also contains metadata for each tool. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00031-00021104-00021616 So the Tool Shed is Galaxy's app store. It's a separate entity 7ETWjHfAwCA-00032-00021616-00022232 from your galaxy instance and it's a free service that hosts repositories containing Galaxy tools. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00033-00022504-00022968 It's not a development platform. Tools are usually maintained in open source github 7ETWjHfAwCA-00034-00022968-00023616 repositories and uploaded to the toolshed. And the toolshed can be found at this address. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00035-00023960-00024280 And this is what the Tool Shed interface looks like. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00036-00024464-00024976 It has thousands of tools, almost 8 000 tools as of october 2020. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00037-00025128-00025680 You can go to the toolshed site to search the tools by name or to browse by category. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00038-00026304-00026680 To add tools to your Galaxy instance, you can do this manually, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00039-00026680-00027352 which is useful for tool development, or from the toolshed and this can be done 7ETWjHfAwCA-00040-00027352-00028183 by the admin user interface or using ephemeris which we'll talk about soon. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00041-00028312-00029008 And to add a local tool by hand it can be added to the tool_conf xml file, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00042-00029008-00029304 provided that the wrapper is stored somewhere on the galaxy machine. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00043-00029368-00029792 Um, you can add the path to that wrapper to the tool_conf file. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00044-00030024-00030327 There's also a variable in the ansible galaxy role for doing this. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00045-00030504-00031024 And in this case the dependencies need to be installed separately 7ETWjHfAwCA-00046-00031024-00031648 whereas with Tool Shed tools the dependencies will be installed along with the tool. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00047-00032048-00032536 Installing tools through the admin UI is pretty easy. An administrator can look up 7ETWjHfAwCA-00048-00032592-00033008 any tool from the main toolshed in the admin panel and click the install button. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00049-00033584-00033920 Installing from the toolshed will install the tool dependencies. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00050-00034064-00034544 This is typically a virtual environment containing every package that the tool requires. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00051-00034800-00035272 A Tool Shed tool might have multiple revisions and this is important for reproducibility. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00052-00035376-00035808 If you use a tool in an analysis on a public galaxy server it will be there forever. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00053-00035864-00036280 If you need to re-run your analysis in a year's time the tool that you've used 7ETWjHfAwCA-00054-00036280-00036704 will still be there, even if there's a newer version of the tool that's been installed. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00055-00037288-00037648 When we talk about the Tool Shed, we're talking about the main Tool Shed but there 7ETWjHfAwCA-00056-00037648-00038232 can be other Tool Sheds. The test Tool Shed can be used for repositories that are not yet 7ETWjHfAwCA-00057-00038232-00038760 production ready and these repositories are public. The Tool Shed is a web app, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00058-00038760-00039384 backed up by a database and anybody can run one. But it's discouraged to run a local Tool Shed. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00059-00039504-00040304 By default galaxy only accepts tools from the main tool shed. The list of accepted Tool Sheds is in 7ETWjHfAwCA-00060-00040304-00040920 a file called tool_sheds_conf and the default file for this contains only the main Tool Shed 7ETWjHfAwCA-00061-00041080-00041648 though there's a commented out test toolshed in case you want to install tools from there. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00062-00042136-00042688 When installing a repository from the Tool Shed, the repository is downloaded to the Galaxy machine 7ETWjHfAwCA-00063-00042752-00043360 and the tools dependencies are installed if needed. And also if needed reference data tables 7ETWjHfAwCA-00064-00043360-00044064 are installed. And an entry for each tool is created in the Galaxy database or the tool install 7ETWjHfAwCA-00065-00044064-00044984 database depending on the configuration of Galaxy. And the tools are added to the shed_tool_conf. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00066-00045192-00045368 When installing with ephemeris, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00067-00045568-00045928 uh you can find the repository that you want to install in the Tool Shed 7ETWjHfAwCA-00068-00045984-00046456 and install it with the ephemeris shed-tools command which we're about to talk about. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00069-00046792-00047352 Ephemeris is a python library for Galaxy management. It can be used to install tools, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00070-00047352-00047816 reference data, workflows and data libraries onto a Galaxy instance. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00071-00047904-00048472 It can also be used to run tool tests. It's a package that can be installed with pip. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00072-00048608-00049008 It contains commands that can be used to manage tools through the Galaxy API. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00073-00049072-00049640 There's no need to be using ephemeris commands from the server running galaxy though you can. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00074-00049872-00050584 There are links here to the ephemeris code base and the ephemeris docs. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00075-00050736-00050992 One of the ephemeris commands is get-tool-list. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00076-00051072-00051672 This can be used to get a list of installed tools for any public galaxy instance. For 7ETWjHfAwCA-00077-00051672-00052152 example you could get a list of tools installed on Galaxy europe. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00078-00052360-00053048 An API key isn't required to run this but some options are not available unless an admin API 7ETWjHfAwCA-00079-00053048-00053840 key is provided. Any Galaxy user can have an API key, you can get it from the user preferences. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00080-00054304-00055008 And so an example of output from get-tool-list is this yaml list of tools: 7ETWjHfAwCA-00081-00055088-00055832 column_maker, bwa and tabular_to_fasta. And you can see for bwa there are two different revisions 7ETWjHfAwCA-00082-00055952-00056352 corresponding to different version numbers that have just been added here as comments 7ETWjHfAwCA-00083-00056424-00056896 and each tool has a name, an owner and a section label. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00084-00057088-00057664 You could actually use a file like this to then install the tools in another galaxy instance. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00085-00058879-00059632 A galaxy administrator can install tools with the shed-tools command by providing their admin 7ETWjHfAwCA-00086-00059632-00060384 API key. They can specify the name, owner and section label or provide a yaml list of tools. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00087-00060455-00060967 And there are actually a lot of different options available for shed-tools install. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00088-00061320-00062152 And so as an example, installing circos. These two examples are equivalent: one and two. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00089-00062279-00062928 Circos can be installed with name, owner and section label provided as command line arguments 7ETWjHfAwCA-00090-00063040-00063320 or alternatively they could be provided in 7ETWjHfAwCA-00091-00063376-00063967 a yaml file. And the advantage of the second approach is that there could actually be lots 7ETWjHfAwCA-00092-00063967-00064584 of tools listed in this yaml file and could be installed all at the same time. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00093-00064816-00065472 If one wanted to install a different revision of Circos, they could 7ETWjHfAwCA-00094-00065472-00066288 supply the revisions argument but by default the latest revision of Circos will be installed. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00095-00066744-00067568 shed-tools also has a command to test tools, run tool tests. A good tool will have tests 7ETWjHfAwCA-00096-00067784-00068144 instructions within the wrapper to run the tool with test input 7ETWjHfAwCA-00097-00068144-00068400 and see whether the tool produces the expected output. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00098-00068456-00068992 And also to check that the dependencies have installed correctly and that nothing's gone wrong. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00099-00069208-00069752 You need to be an administrator to install tools but any Galaxy user with an API key 7ETWjHfAwCA-00100-00069752-00070224 can run tool tests so you could go and test tools on Galaxy australia. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00101-00070552-00070664 And the output from 7ETWjHfAwCA-00102-00070880-00071464 running shed tools test will be a list of tool tests that have passed and a list of those that 7ETWjHfAwCA-00103-00071464-00072056 have failed and a more detailed file of data from the test jobs that's useful for debugging. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00104-00072296-00072432 There's a python library, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00105-00072432-00072984 planemo, that can be used to generate a user-friendly report from the JSON data. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00106-00074048-00074448 From a downloaded Galaxy workflow file, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00107-00074832-00075232 workflow-to-tools can be used to generate a list of tools. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00108-00075408-00075784 And that's all of the tools required to run that workflow. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00109-00076304-00077184 Ephemeris also has a command setup-data-libraries to upload shared data to Galaxy. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00110-00077312-00077920 And this is the example of an input yaml file to setup-data-libraries and it's describing 7ETWjHfAwCA-00111-00078008-00078296 two folders with one file in each and 7ETWjHfAwCA-00112-00078400-00078808 each of these files can have their contents downloaded from a public url. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00113-00079296-00080136 There's also the function galaxy-wait which sends an API request to a Galaxy server to check whether 7ETWjHfAwCA-00114-00080136-00080752 it's running and able to accept the request. If the server is ready, it will return straight away. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00115-00080880-00081336 If not, it will keep sending requests. And this is useful if you want to run any of 7ETWjHfAwCA-00116-00081336-00081808 the other commands such as shed-tools install and you don't know when galaxy will be ready. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00117-00082208-00083032 And so a little more on tool management. This is a picture of the directory structure of a simple 7ETWjHfAwCA-00118-00083032-00083592 Tool Shed repository. It just contains one tool and it has a tool wrapper remove_beginning.xml. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00119-00083744-00084184 It has an accompanied perl script which is called from code in the wrapper. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00120-00084248-00085048 It has an input and output test file and .shed.yml which contains tool metadata. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00121-00085576-00086184 And this is the .shed.yml file. The repository name and owner is set in the metadata file. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00122-00086272-00086576 The file also contains the development URL for the tool. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00123-00086696-00087416 And the development URL is displayed as a in the Tool Shed as a link to the tools files 7ETWjHfAwCA-00124-00087416-00087976 within their development environment. And this is the github repository you would go 7ETWjHfAwCA-00125-00087976-00088432 to to raise an issue about the tool or to make a pull request to improve the tool. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00126-00088736-00089160 And then we've got varscan which is a more complex Tool Shed repository. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00127-00089224-00089640 In this one, there are three tool wrappers related to the same software. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00128-00089696-00090112 And installing this repository would add three tools to the tool panel. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00129-00090752-00091184 Sometimes tools will need reference data such as genomes. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00130-00091312-00092064 Loc files and data tables are used to link tools with reference files. If CVMFS is installed, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00131-00092064-00092736 a lot of your reference data needs will be taken care of. There are also data manager tools in 7ETWjHfAwCA-00132-00092736-00093256 the toolshed for installing reference data for tools and these can be run from the admin panel 7ETWjHfAwCA-00133-00093256-00094512 or using ephemeris. There are also repositories in the toolshed that are suite repositories and 7ETWjHfAwCA-00134-00094512-00095128 suite repositories can be used to install multiple tool repositories at once. For example, there are 7ETWjHfAwCA-00135-00095128-00095840 many tools associated with samtools, owned by the iuc, such as samtools_view or samtools_mpileup. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00136-00096000-00096784 And installing samtools suite will result in all of these samtools repositories being installed. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00137-00096952-00098184 And there are quite a few different tool suites in the tool shed. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00138-00098336-00098864 Without going into detail about this file dependency_resolvers_conf. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00139-00099112-00099672 At runtime Galaxy will look for installed dependencies in an order determined by the 7ETWjHfAwCA-00140-00099672-00100240 dependency_resolvers_conf.xml file. The file shown in this slide is 7ETWjHfAwCA-00141-00100352-00101256 the sample configuration and quite similar to what is used on Galaxy Australia. So what it means 7ETWjHfAwCA-00142-00101256-00101800 is that given a set of requirements, galaxy will first look for an installed Tool Shed package that 7ETWjHfAwCA-00143-00101800-00102384 meets those requirements. And if Galaxy finds this it will source the package and look no further. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00144-00102472-00103080 If galaxy does not find this it will look for a galaxy package with the required version 7ETWjHfAwCA-00145-00103216-00103488 followed by a conda package with the required version 7ETWjHfAwCA-00146-00103616-00104176 followed by a Galaxy package of any version followed by a conda package of any version. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00147-00104368-00105183 And typically on Galaxy Australia, the packages to run the tool will be conda packages. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00148-00105432-00105952 A more recent development in galaxy is the use of Docker or Singularity containers to resolve 7ETWjHfAwCA-00149-00105952-00106583 dependencies and there's some further reading on this and also a tutorial. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00150-00107135-00107800 So the key points from this slide set uh that there is a Galaxy Tool Shed 7ETWjHfAwCA-00151-00107800-00108224 containing thousands of tools that you can install in your galaxy if you want to. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00152-00108728-00109264 And that as a Galaxy administrator you can choose which tools are installed how they're arranged. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00153-00109335-00109592 And that ephemeris can be used to manage tools. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00154-00109776-00110224 Tool installation with Ephemeris is best practice because you can script it and keep 7ETWjHfAwCA-00155-00110224-00110783 a record of what you've done and it allows for the automation of tool management tasks. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00156-00111048-00112183 And thank you to the Galaxy Training Network and all of the contributors to this tutorial. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00157-00112424-00113208 Hello again. I'm Catherine from Galaxy Australia and we're going to go through a tutorial 7ETWjHfAwCA-00158-00113208-00113983 on Galaxy tool management with Ephemeris. And this tutorial will introduce you to one 7ETWjHfAwCA-00159-00113983-00114583 of galaxy's associated projects, Ephemeris which is a small python library and a set of 7ETWjHfAwCA-00160-00114583-00115176 scripts for managing and bootstrapping Galaxy plugins (tools, index data and workflows). 7ETWjHfAwCA-00161-00115280-00115808 Its aim is to help automate and limit the quantity of manual actions admins have to 7ETWjHfAwCA-00162-00115808-00116504 do in order to maintain a galaxy instance and this is used a lot on usegalaxy.* instances. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00163-00116872-00117352 And as a background scenario you could be an administrator of a Galaxy server 7ETWjHfAwCA-00164-00117408-00117976 and a colleague might approach you with a request to run a specific Galaxy workflow. And in order to 7ETWjHfAwCA-00165-00117976-00118735 do this, they need to have the tools installed. So you need to identify what tools are required 7ETWjHfAwCA-00166-00118735-00119232 for the workflow and install these tools and their dependencies on your Galaxy instance. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00167-00119440-00120000 And so the first thing we're going to do is install Ephemeris on our virtual machines 7ETWjHfAwCA-00168-00120176-00120583 and we'll do this in a python virtual environment. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00169-00120952-00121416 And the first thing i'll do is make a directory for this tutorial 7ETWjHfAwCA-00170-00121959-00122104 and go into that directory. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00171-00122592-00123383 So the virtual environment, the python 3 virtual environment. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00172-00123816-00124008 And we'll put it in our home directories. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00173-00124311-00124783 And it's okay to copy and paste that block. I'm just typing this manually. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00174-00125048-00125232 And then source the virtual environment. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00175-00126168-00127583 And in the environment, install Ephemeris. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00176-00128352-00129111 So this is done and you can see that Ephemeris version 0.10.6 has been installed. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00177-00129880-00130383 Now ephemeris has a command for extracting tools from galaxy workflows. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00178-00130576-00130952 The galaxy workflow files are complex JSON documents. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00179-00131136-00132080 Content of the workflows consist of many steps. And steps have tool ids. A tool id looks like 7ETWjHfAwCA-00180-00132080-00132888 this. It's got the tool shed, the owner, the repository name and the version of the tool. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00181-00132984-00133840 But to install it with ephemeris it needs to be Tool Shed repositories. And workflow-to-tools 7ETWjHfAwCA-00182-00133840-00134904 makes its conversion. So for fastqc it turns into this yellow block with name owner and revision 7ETWjHfAwCA-00183-00135008-00135560 and the section label you can choose but the default is “Tools from workflows”. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00184-00135872-00136440 So we can try this on a real workflow by downloading the mapping workflow from the GTN. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00185-00136592-00137384 And so copy and paste this command. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00186-00138184-00139128 To get the mapping.ga file and I'll just show you what this looks like. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00187-00139488-00140384 Just the first 15 lines so it's a JSON document of a galaxy workflow consisting of many steps. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00188-00140912-00141632 So use the workflow-to-tools command to extract the tool list from this workflow 7ETWjHfAwCA-00189-00141632-00142456 into a file named workflow_tools.yml. And this links to the Ephemeris docs. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00190-00142648-00143320 And you can see that workflow-to-tools takes three arguments: the workflow or list of workflows, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00191-00143320-00144384 the output file and the panel label which defaults to “Tools from workflows” if it's not provided. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00192-00146264-00147632 So the command is workflow to tools -w mapping.ga -o workflow_tools.yml and the -l is “Mapping”. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00193-00147736-00148008 You could choose anything for the section label. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00194-00148320-00149984 So I'll use this command copy and paste. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00195-00150344-00150768 You can see now there's a file called workflow_tools.yml. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00196-00150872-00152800 And if you have a look at that, it's a list of tool repositories. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00197-00152800-00154096 Um the next thing we'll try is installing tools on our Galaxy instances. And to install a tool, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00198-00154096-00154864 you need the URL of your galaxy server and also the API key of your admin account. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00199-00155024-00155824 So in your Galaxy page, open this up if you don't have it open. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00200-00156064-00156536 From the user menu you can go to preferences. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00201-00156920-00157096 And manage API key. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00202-00158312-00159000 And if you don't have one of these yet, you can create a new one. So copy your API key 7ETWjHfAwCA-00203-00159096-00159784 and keep it somewhere. You might have to use it several times during this tutorial. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00204-00159920-00160424 I'm going to make a variable for it, called API_KEY. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00205-00161176-00162584 So I can call on It when I need to. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00206-00163016-00163824 So we'll start first installing a single tool. And use the Ephemeris shed-tools command to 7ETWjHfAwCA-00207-00163824-00164336 install pilon, owned by iuc, into a section named Assembly. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00208-00164464-00165384 So this links to the documentation where you can see what arguments you might use for that command. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00209-00168944-00169208 And so the command in this case should look like this. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00210-00169488-00169568 shed-tools install. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00211-00170016-00171232 And your galaxy URL, your API key and then the name, owner, and section label flags for pilon, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00212-00171232-00172760 iuc and Assembly. So i'll copy this one. And here I will replace your Galaxy 7ETWjHfAwCA-00213-00172880-00173976 with the galaxy url I'm using which is gat-2.oz.training.galaxyproject.eu 7ETWjHfAwCA-00214-00175528-00176584 and the API key that I've stored. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00215-00178240-00178992 Now if you've taken the Singularity tutorial, you'll have the singularity set up on your galaxy 7ETWjHfAwCA-00216-00179064-00179712 and this won't take very long. If you haven't taken that tutorial, this will be 7ETWjHfAwCA-00217-00179784-00180152 installing the environment with conda and it might take 7ETWjHfAwCA-00218-00180152-00180784 a couple of minutes. So this was done in 20 seconds. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00219-00181600-00181832 And this is good for a one-off installation but 7ETWjHfAwCA-00220-00181832-00182480 it's not convenient if you want to install many tools. So to install many tools, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00221-00182560-00183048 you might use a YAML file like the one we just generated from the workflow. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00222-00183536-00184240 So other, there is an option to watch the installation proceed by running “journalctl 7ETWjHfAwCA-00223-00184408-00185176 -f -u galaxy” in a separate remote shell. Uh we're using byobu so we could actually split the screen 7ETWjHfAwCA-00224-00185272-00186088 and watch journalctl on the same screen. And there is a tip here for opening a split screen in byobu, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00225-00186160-00187784 moving between the splits and closing the split in focus. So I'll do that now. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00226-00188256-00189184 Shift + f2 to open the split and journalctl. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00227-00190128-00190584 You can see the galaxy logs. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00228-00191032-00191984 And I'll go back to the first screen: shift and arrow keys. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00229-00192128-00192832 So now using the shed-tools command, we can install all of the tools from the 7ETWjHfAwCA-00230-00192832-00193912 workflow_tools.yml file on Galaxy. So going back to the documentation. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00231-00194352-00194848 This will be similar to our last command but instead of using the 7ETWjHfAwCA-00232-00194848-00195328 name, owner and section label, we can just use the -t or --toolsfile flag. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00233-00195848-00196880 And so the command looks like this. Um the galaxy instance and the api key and -t 7ETWjHfAwCA-00234-00196880-00198200 workflow_tools.yml. So instead of copying this, I will use the up arrow to find my previous command 7ETWjHfAwCA-00235-00198440-00200368 and get rid of the name, owner and section label and instead install workflow_tools.yml. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00236-00201392-00202384 And so in the logs you can see that something's happening and Galaxy is installing the tools. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00237-00202792-00203784 You're starting with fastqc. And this all happens fairly quickly with Singularity. If you haven't 7ETWjHfAwCA-00238-00203872-00204584 got Singularity set up then this might take a little bit longer. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00239-00208344-00208784 And the last one is bamtools_filter. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00240-00209423-00210184 And it's done in less than one and a half minutes. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00241-00210592-00210944 So now there are some new tools on Galaxy that we've just installed, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00242-00211023-00211671 and we can have a look at those in the galaxy tool panel. So if we refresh our galaxies 7ETWjHfAwCA-00243-00212304-00212784 there are two new tool sections: mapping containing the tools from the workflow 7ETWjHfAwCA-00244-00212848-00213040 and assembly containing pilon. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00245-00213248-00213544 And we can actually import this workflow into Galaxy 7ETWjHfAwCA-00246-00213728-00214504 by right clicking or control clicking on the link and copying the link address. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00247-00215016-00215784 Going back to galaxy, if we select workflow at the top. We can import the workflow. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00248-00216688-00217184 By pasting the link here. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00249-00218336-00218776 And so now the workflows in Galaxy. We can have a look at it in the workflow editor. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00250-00219880-00220112 And I'll zoom out a bit so that we can see it. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00251-00220536-00221232 Text is very small now but the workflow is here and it has the input steps. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00252-00221360-00222128 And the tools Trim galore, fastqc, multiqc, bowtie2, samtools_stats and bamtools_filter 7ETWjHfAwCA-00253-00222184-00222784 and we can run this workflow on our Galaxy now because all the tools are installed. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00254-00223400-00223776 So the next thing we're going to do with the Ephemeris is tool testing. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00255-00223880-00224200 It's very important to be able to say that our tools 7ETWjHfAwCA-00256-00224200-00224823 are working. And we're going to use the shed tools command for this to test pilon. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00257-00225048-00226048 And the command in this case looks like shed-tools test, then -g “your galaxy URL” and your API key. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00258-00226144-00226984 And then the name and the owner but we don't need the section label this time. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00259-00227392-00228384 I'll copy and paste this. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00260-00230088-00231184 And my terminal is a little too big. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00261-00232360-00232584 That's better. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00262-00233471-00234160 And the API key that I've saved. So you're testing pilon. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00263-00234904-00235536 And you can see the job running on Galaxy. What it's doing is it's uploading 7ETWjHfAwCA-00264-00235648-00235960 the test input files and running test jobs. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00265-00236632-00236919 We can see it in the logs, we can also see it in Galaxy. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00266-00237256-00237608 So if I zoom in again 7ETWjHfAwCA-00267-00238144-00238512 and click on “analyze data” to get back to the main page. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00268-00238871-00239584 We can look at the test history in “View all histories”. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00269-00239880-00240223 So there are two test data files that have been uploaded, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00270-00240280-00241319 and two queued pilon jobs. The first time a job is run for a newly installed tool, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00271-00241319-00241616 it'll take a little bit longer because the container needs to resolve. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00272-00242104-00242416 So if we look back here it has run the first test 7ETWjHfAwCA-00273-00242416-00242767 and the first test has passed and it's now running the second test. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00274-00243208-00244056 And you can update this page by refreshing it and it's got three queued jobs for the second test. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00275-00244216-00244552 So if I were checking not only that the jobs have run without 7ETWjHfAwCA-00276-00244552-00245296 error but that their outputs match the expected outputs i'll refresh again. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00277-00246152-00246584 It's taking a little while. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00278-00247128-00247576 And the last jobs are running. Uh the tool tests are very important. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00279-00247576-00248128 A production galaxy will contain hundreds if not thousands of tools and it's great 7ETWjHfAwCA-00280-00248128-00248480 to have an automatic way to ascertain that they're all working as expected. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00281-00248712-00249384 And it looks like this is done. If I refresh the test history again. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00282-00249760-00250040 It's all done and all of the jobs have run without error. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00283-00250256-00250840 And if we look at this, we've got two passed tool tests and zero failed tool tests. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00284-00251096-00251904 And looking at what's in the directory, there's also a file tool_test_output.json with job data. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00285-00252152-00252280 So pilon is working. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00286-00253400-00254312 And uh the last thing in this tutorial will be obtaining a tool list from a public Galaxy 7ETWjHfAwCA-00287-00254392-00254984 instance and we're going to get this from use galaxy.eu or galaxy europe. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00288-00255312-00256384 And use the Ephemeris get-tool-list command. So I can open up the doc for this. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00289-00256952-00257456 And there are a few options to include and exclude details. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00290-00257776-00258328 The only argument we need this time is the output file and the galaxy URL. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00291-00258719-00259623 So the command is get-tool-list from Galaxy this url and our tool file called eu_tools_list.yml. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00292-00260023-00260584 Copy that and paste it here. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00293-00261040-00261464 And it returns almost instantly even though there are a lot of tools in the list. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00294-00261567-00262592 If we have a look at the first few lines, it's a YAML list of all of the tools on Galaxy Europe. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00295-00262848-00263384 And if I count the lines, 7ETWjHfAwCA-00296-00263968-00264784 there are 11 000 lines in this file because Galaxy Europe has a lot of tools. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00297-00265064-00265504 We will not install all of the tools from the EU Galaxy server 7ETWjHfAwCA-00298-00265504-00265912 as that server likely has more tools than any other Galaxy instance 7ETWjHfAwCA-00299-00265912-00266360 and it would take up hundreds of gigabytes of space which we don't have on our virtual machines. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00300-00267328-00268000 And a bit about production best practices. Both Galaxy Australia and Galaxy Europe 7ETWjHfAwCA-00301-00268000-00268568 have automatic scripts that regularly update tools that have updates available 7ETWjHfAwCA-00302-00268568-00269176 and systems for automatically installing new tools using Jenkins servers, all using shed-tools. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00303-00269320-00269800 Galaxy Australia runs shed-tools tests on tools at the same time as installing them. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00304-00270040-00270616 Galaxy main in the US has a Jenkins server that once a week runs shed-tools test on 7ETWjHfAwCA-00305-00270616-00271280 all of the tools on galaxy main, galaxy europe and galaxy australia. Galaxy europe's jenkins 7ETWjHfAwCA-00306-00271280-00271944 server runs the script that uses the Ephemeris setup-data-libraries command to keep shared 7ETWjHfAwCA-00307-00271944-00272472 data from galaxy training network material up to date on all of the use_galaxy.* instances. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00308-00272528-00273184 And there are some more details about how AU and EU maintain their YAML files. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00309-00273832-00274344 One note here is that ephemeris does not have a function to uninstall tools 7ETWjHfAwCA-00310-00274424-00275104 though there is a function for that in bioblend. And contributions are appreciated 7ETWjHfAwCA-00311-00275104-00275984 and new contributors are extremely welcome. So this is all open source. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00312-00276088-00276744 And so for the key points um ephemeris and automation help with the tool management on galaxy 7ETWjHfAwCA-00313-00276880-00277208 and there are best practices to learn from. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00314-00277208-00277816 There's no need to manage your galaxy tools manually using the scripts makes 7ETWjHfAwCA-00315-00277816-00278232 life much easier and gives you a way of keeping track of what you've done. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00316-00278640-00279080 And so we really love feedback and we're always trying to improve these tutorials. 7ETWjHfAwCA-00317-00279080-00279360 There's a feedback form at the end of the tutorial 7ETWjHfAwCA-00318-00279488-00280184 and congratulations on successfully completing this tutorial. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00000-00000118-00000674 Hi. I'm David Greenebaum. I'm a Reference Librarian at Clayton State University. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00001-00000674-00000972 Welcome to this quick introduction to periodicals. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00002-00000972-00001289 This is meant to be a bare-bones overview; to learn more 7H5e1UnVmg0-00003-00001289-00001601 about searching in periodicals, see the list of Next Steps 7H5e1UnVmg0-00004-00001602-00001794 at the end of the presentation. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00005-00001954-00002453 A periodical is any publication that is published on a repeated, 7H5e1UnVmg0-00006-00002453-00002820 usually regular basis under a continuing title. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00007-00002820-00003209 Newspapers, magazines, and scholarly journals are all different 7H5e1UnVmg0-00008-00003209-00003475 types of periodicals. Many, but not all 7H5e1UnVmg0-00009-00003475-00003878 periodicals publish multiple, separate articles in each issue-- 7H5e1UnVmg0-00010-00003878-00004324 sometimes on unrelated subjects, and sometimes thematically linked. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00011-00004496-00005136 Articles in periodicals tend to be more brief, focused, and concise than books. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00012-00005136-00005424 They can also be more timely, given that 7H5e1UnVmg0-00013-00005424-00005791 the turnaround time from writing to publishing is much shorter. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00014-00005791-00006182 By contrast, books are better at thorough, involved treatment 7H5e1UnVmg0-00015-00006182-00006384 of a broader topic. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00016-00006628-00006968 Periodicals can be aimed at different audiences: 7H5e1UnVmg0-00017-00006968-00007335 popular magazines are written for the general reader, and 7H5e1UnVmg0-00018-00007335-00007600 are intended to inform or to entertain; 7H5e1UnVmg0-00019-00007600-00008133 trade publications help practitioners in a given field do their job well; 7H5e1UnVmg0-00020-00008133-00008666 and scholarly journals are for researchers and students in a subject. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00021-00008870-00009269 Oftentimes, you'll prefer to search for specific articles 7H5e1UnVmg0-00022-00009269-00009656 rather than for the periodical title it was published in. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00023-00009656-00010064 Library databases such as Academic Search Complete allow you 7H5e1UnVmg0-00024-00010064-00010636 to search by subject or keyword across thousands of periodical titles. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00025-00010846-00011246 For more information on finding articles from periodicals in the 7H5e1UnVmg0-00026-00011246-00011796 Clayton State collections, please take a look at the Library Research LibGuide. 7H5e1UnVmg0-00027-00011796-00012309 The Library homepage is an ideal starting point for any research project; 7H5e1UnVmg0-00028-00012309-00012766 and of course, the librarians are available to help you by phone, 7H5e1UnVmg0-00029-00012766-00013233 e-mail, or chat. We're here to help, so don't hesitate to ask! 7H5e1UnVmg0-00030-00013233-00013507 Thank you. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00000-00000474-00000998 At 0200 hours this morning one of our high-security R&D black sites came under attack. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00001-00001080-00001524 We cannot let Copperhead reveal the Espire program to the public. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00002-00001524-00001802 you have authorization to use any force necessary to stop them. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00003-00002384-00002584 Remember keep quiet and stay out of sight. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00004-00003144-00003415 Strike Team, we have lost sight of the enemy. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00005-00003479-00003740 Eyes peeled. We gotta find this guy. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00006-00003922-00004126 Agent, climb out of there. Go. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00007-00004126-00004288 I think I've got him. On me. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00008-00004288-00004344 Freeze. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00009-00004670-00004894 Stay down. Don't let them see you. 7IW4J2NLwAU-00010-00004934-00005136 Come on!. Back up now! 7IW4J2NLwAU-00011-00005700-00006601 (((NO-SYSTEMS))) 7MR8sKuPCtA-00000-00000003-00000429 Hey, I'm Michael Shellenberger, president of Environmental Progress. EP is a new 7MR8sKuPCtA-00001-00000429-00000878 environmental organization with two big goals: lift everybody out of poverty and 7MR8sKuPCtA-00002-00000878-00001259 accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy to avert catastrophic 7MR8sKuPCtA-00003-00001259-00001671 climate change. We're different from most groups and that we believe that we need 7MR8sKuPCtA-00004-00001671-00002238 nuclear power to achieve both of those goals. EP is headquartered in Berkeley, 7MR8sKuPCtA-00005-00002238-00002766 but carbon emissions and climate change are a worldwide issue so our approach is 7MR8sKuPCtA-00006-00002766-00003369 also global. We've traveled to Japan, South Korea, Germany, and France to meet 7MR8sKuPCtA-00007-00003369-00003894 with politicians, policymakers and plant workers, and to interview the public on 7MR8sKuPCtA-00008-00003894-00004514 local concerns. Our digital reach is just as important. Michael's TED talks and EP 7MR8sKuPCtA-00009-00004514-00004950 social videos have been viral hits, changing minds and demonstrating how 7MR8sKuPCtA-00010-00004950-00005519 eager people are to be informed of the truth with data, context, and stories. 7MR8sKuPCtA-00011-00005519-00005925 Environmental Progress is a leader in clean energy research. We present our 7MR8sKuPCtA-00012-00005925-00006303 findings in full length policy reports, op-eds, and energy analyses that receive 7MR8sKuPCtA-00013-00006303-00006639 international and domestic media attention. We've successfully advocated 7MR8sKuPCtA-00014-00006639-00007008 for nuclear plants in the United States in Illinois, New York, and Connecticut, 7MR8sKuPCtA-00015-00007008-00007568 and abroad in France and South Korea. Our audience is broad and diverse. 7MR8sKuPCtA-00016-00007568-00008006 Through social media we can educate, inform, and unite the public. Through 7MR8sKuPCtA-00017-00008006-00008352 articles, videos, and reports, we've been able to engage the public in 7MR8sKuPCtA-00018-00008352-00008829 conversations that are critical to changing people's minds. At EP, we believe 7MR8sKuPCtA-00019-00008829-00009210 it is important to train the next generation of activists. Through our 7MR8sKuPCtA-00020-00009210-00009642 fellowship program, we train students to think critically, research, write, and 7MR8sKuPCtA-00021-00009642-00010082 present findings. Our fellows research has a worldwide impact. 7MR8sKuPCtA-00022-00010082-00010527 Kylie's video was translated into Korean and shared with policymakers and Jemin 7MR8sKuPCtA-00023-00010527-00010974 has been interviewed on international television. As an EP research fellow, 7MR8sKuPCtA-00024-00010974-00011364 I learned how to structure narrative in addition to producing data-driven 7MR8sKuPCtA-00025-00011364-00011921 analyses. I was taught to follow the data but not to do so blindly. To always learn 7MR8sKuPCtA-00026-00011921-00012407 the real-world technologies and systems behind the numbers. EP helped me publish 7MR8sKuPCtA-00027-00012407-00012909 my work on deep decarbonization policies in the New York Times. Opportunities to 7MR8sKuPCtA-00028-00012909-00013313 contribute to issues like climate change are hard to find anywhere else. 7MR8sKuPCtA-00029-00013313-00013619 There's a lot of things that you can do to get involved: write a letter to the 7MR8sKuPCtA-00030-00013619-00014082 editor, comment on your Facebook page, share our posts, and if you can please 7MR8sKuPCtA-00031-00014082-00014463 consider a contribution. I'm proud that Environmental Progress is independent of 7MR8sKuPCtA-00032-00014463-00014894 any energy companies or interests. That allows us to remain fiercely independent 7MR8sKuPCtA-00033-00014894-00015494 in our advocacy to achieve our goal of nature and prosperity for all. 7MRflxjXuRU-00000-00000000-00000171 - My name is Barbara Ros, 7MRflxjXuRU-00001-00000171-00000606 and I am an instructor for the San José State iSchool. 7MRflxjXuRU-00002-00000606-00000801 I teach Info 203, 7MRflxjXuRU-00003-00000801-00000993 which is the first class that students take, 7MRflxjXuRU-00004-00000993-00001179 when they come into the program. 7MRflxjXuRU-00005-00001179-00001458 That class is the very foundation, 7MRflxjXuRU-00006-00001458-00001814 of all of the other classes that our students take. 7MRflxjXuRU-00007-00001814-00002052 It teaches them about all the different tools, 7MRflxjXuRU-00008-00002052-00002160 and technologies, 7MRflxjXuRU-00009-00002160-00002325 and resources that they're gonna need, 7MRflxjXuRU-00010-00002325-00002514 throughout their program. 7MRflxjXuRU-00011-00002514-00002664 The professors, 7MRflxjXuRU-00012-00002664-00002865 and the instructors at iSchool, 7MRflxjXuRU-00013-00002865-00003165 all of us have worked in libraries, 7MRflxjXuRU-00014-00003165-00003422 we've all worked within the industry, 7MRflxjXuRU-00015-00003422-00003615 in some way or another. 7MRflxjXuRU-00016-00003615-00004115 We come to the school after having practiced, 7MRflxjXuRU-00017-00004128-00004356 what we are teaching. 7MRflxjXuRU-00018-00004356-00004821 So, I have been in youth services librarianship, 7MRflxjXuRU-00019-00004821-00004980 I've been in school libraries, 7MRflxjXuRU-00020-00004980-00005199 I've been in academic libraries. 7MRflxjXuRU-00021-00005199-00005439 All kinds of different areas and fields. 7MRflxjXuRU-00022-00005439-00005892 And so I bring my experience with me as a teacher. 7MRflxjXuRU-00023-00005892-00006300 We get students from all kinds of different backgrounds, 7MRflxjXuRU-00024-00006300-00006434 from all over the world, 7MRflxjXuRU-00025-00006434-00006603 and we really appreciate, 7MRflxjXuRU-00026-00006603-00007050 how much dedication they put into their work, 7MRflxjXuRU-00027-00007050-00007302 and how excited they are about the program. 7MRflxjXuRU-00028-00007302-00007670 Really, we're information professionals. 7MRflxjXuRU-00029-00007670-00007908 It's not just about libraries anymore. 7MRflxjXuRU-00030-00007908-00008193 Although, there are a lot of libraries out there. 7MRflxjXuRU-00031-00008193-00008319 There are school libraries, 7MRflxjXuRU-00032-00008319-00008445 and academic libraries, 7MRflxjXuRU-00033-00008445-00008565 and public libraries, 7MRflxjXuRU-00034-00008565-00008799 and then there's all the special libraries. 7MRflxjXuRU-00035-00008799-00009096 You can work for the medical industry, 7MRflxjXuRU-00036-00009096-00009315 or in technology. 7MRflxjXuRU-00037-00009315-00009438 There's so many different ways, 7MRflxjXuRU-00038-00009438-00009699 that you can take a degree like this. 7MRflxjXuRU-00039-00009699-00009804 There are archivists, 7MRflxjXuRU-00040-00009804-00009906 and museums, 7MRflxjXuRU-00041-00009906-00010406 and almost every large industry really needs a librarian. 7MRflxjXuRU-00042-00010494-00010823 They need someone who is willing to take all of their data, 7MRflxjXuRU-00043-00010823-00010989 and all of their information, 7MRflxjXuRU-00044-00010989-00011139 and organize it, 7MRflxjXuRU-00045-00011139-00011415 and make it into something, 7MRflxjXuRU-00046-00011415-00011650 that is usable for them. 7MRflxjXuRU-00047-00011650-00011967 (gentle upbeat music) 7PYhwy3XTPM-00000-00001893-00002023 Welcome everybody. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00001-00002023-00002327 I'm really excited to record 7PYhwy3XTPM-00002-00002327-00002484 this second episode of 7PYhwy3XTPM-00003-00002484-00002572 "The Computational 7PYhwy3XTPM-00004-00002573-00002743 Audiology Network" podcast 7PYhwy3XTPM-00005-00002872-00003056 and I'm really happy 7PYhwy3XTPM-00006-00003056-00003260 with today's guests. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00007-00003376-00003556 Jessica Monaghan, she's 7PYhwy3XTPM-00008-00003636-00003814 working for NAL at Sydney. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00009-00003861-00003971 Good morning, Jessica. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00010-00004058-00004130 Good morning. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00011-00004264-00004454 And Nicky Chong-White, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00012-00004465-00004734 she's also working for NAL in Sydney. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00013-00004769-00004855 Good morning, Nicky. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00014-00004914-00004972 Morning. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00015-00005090-00005172 And thank you, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00016-00005172-00005219 Jessica 7PYhwy3XTPM-00017-00005219-00005281 and Nicky, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00018-00005281-00005461 for spending your weekend 7PYhwy3XTPM-00019-00005466-00005593 in this podcast 7PYhwy3XTPM-00020-00005600-00005692 or sacrificing it 7PYhwy3XTPM-00021-00005770-00006142 and Dimitri Kanevsky from Google, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00022-00006237-00006438 you're stationed in New York 7PYhwy3XTPM-00023-00006438-00006617 so good afternoon, Dimitri. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00024-00006779-00006915 Good afternoon. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00025-00007042-00007137 Good to see you 7PYhwy3XTPM-00026-00007138-00007386 all and before 7PYhwy3XTPM-00027-00007386-00007526 we further 7PYhwy3XTPM-00028-00007526-00007643 start this interview, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00029-00007643-00007858 I would like to explain everybody 7PYhwy3XTPM-00030-00007859-00008213 at home the system we are using. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00031-00008306-00008432 So I prepared a short 7PYhwy3XTPM-00032-00008492-00008678 statement, disclaimer. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00033-00008754-00008876 So you are witnessing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00034-00008878-00009041 a recording of an interview 7PYhwy3XTPM-00035-00009058-00009261 that was prepared as an experiment 7PYhwy3XTPM-00036-00009262-00009528 using automated speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00037-00009562-00009798 So that's a system that translates 7PYhwy3XTPM-00038-00009816-00010102 speech to text, all live. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00039-00010187-00010317 One of the participants 7PYhwy3XTPM-00040-00010317-00010535 Dimitri Kanevsky is deaf 7PYhwy3XTPM-00041-00010538-00010762 and he reads the transcripts. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00042-00010840-00010986 And he needs this 7PYhwy3XTPM-00043-00010986-00011114 to follow the discussion. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00044-00011178-00011321 The other participants 7PYhwy3XTPM-00045-00011363-00011513 are normal hearing. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00046-00011574-00011767 And we all need to take time 7PYhwy3XTPM-00047-00011777-00011932 to read the transcripts 7PYhwy3XTPM-00048-00011972-00012053 and confirm 7PYhwy3XTPM-00049-00012053-00012218 that we understand each other. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00050-00012278-00012381 So that's for us 7PYhwy3XTPM-00051-00012422-00012681 something new to take into account. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00052-00012710-00012996 I'm used to listening 7PYhwy3XTPM-00053-00012996-00013143 to somebody and reading 7PYhwy3XTPM-00054-00013143-00013267 then sometimes the transcript, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00055-00013268-00013417 but not talking myself 7PYhwy3XTPM-00056-00013420-00013542 and reading the transcript. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00057-00013580-00013636 So we'll see 7PYhwy3XTPM-00058-00013636-00013859 how that will work out. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00059-00013870-00014187 We are using Google Meet 7PYhwy3XTPM-00060-00014201-00014362 and Google Relate. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00061-00014422-00014646 It's a prototype system, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00062-00014693-00014879 not yet publicly released 7PYhwy3XTPM-00063-00014879-00015095 and it's been specifically 7PYhwy3XTPM-00064-00015097-00015282 trained on Dimitri's speech. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00065-00015365-00015539 And in addition, we are 7PYhwy3XTPM-00066-00015539-00015711 in different time zones, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00067-00015777-00015859 Jessica and Nicky 7PYhwy3XTPM-00068-00015859-00016076 are 10 hours ahead of us. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00069-00016165-00016412 Dimitri is six hours lagging. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00070-00016412-00016598 So we are 16 hours apart 7PYhwy3XTPM-00071-00016668-00016903 and we haven't met in person before. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00072-00016903-00017086 So yeah, that's can be 7PYhwy3XTPM-00073-00017086-00017298 sometimes a-a barrier 7PYhwy3XTPM-00074-00017309-00017600 and English is not well 7PYhwy3XTPM-00075-00017600-00017808 my my first language nor Dimitri's. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00076-00017960-00018239 So that might be a challenge for the 7PYhwy3XTPM-00077-00018282-00018484 speech recognition system as well. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00078-00018554-00018800 So let's hope that technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-00079-00018800-00018945 will not fail us. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00080-00018949-00019146 And there will be a video 7PYhwy3XTPM-00081-00019146-00019379 recording and audio-only 7PYhwy3XTPM-00082-00019379-00019706 recording and edited video 7PYhwy3XTPM-00083-00019706-00020157 recording will also include the transcript of what is said by Dimitri. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00084-00020291-00020437 Yeah, and I guess 7PYhwy3XTPM-00085-00020469-00020634 for people at home, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00086-00020722-00020915 yeah, the final recording 7PYhwy3XTPM-00087-00020915-00021022 may look different 7PYhwy3XTPM-00088-00021039-00021115 than from how 7PYhwy3XTPM-00089-00021115-00021350 it's experienced live. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00090-00021351-00021672 I was really glad that we were able 7PYhwy3XTPM-00091-00021672-00021979 to practice this a little bit and yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00092-00021979-00022079 I would like to continue 7PYhwy3XTPM-00093-00022080-00022234 with introducing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00094-00022252-00022367 the first guest 7PYhwy3XTPM-00095-00022367-00022405 Jessica Monaghan. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00096-00022405-00022904 Yeah, Jessica, I think we met 7PYhwy3XTPM-00097-00022913-00023211 two years ago if I remember well? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00098-00023299-00023531 You remember the VCCA? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00099-00023538-00023600 yes. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00100-00023759-00023940 I remember I gave 7PYhwy3XTPM-00101-00023940-00024152 the first talk yes, indeed and I-I remember 7PYhwy3XTPM-00102-00024249-00024381 I was a little nervous 7PYhwy3XTPM-00103-00024412-00024583 and I think your video clip 7PYhwy3XTPM-00104-00024583-00024785 it didn't start up right away. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00105-00024785-00025015 But you kept your cool. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00106-00025015-00025219 And I thought, then I guess 7PYhwy3XTPM-00107-00025219-00025481 it will bring good luck today as well. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00108-00025537-00025811 So now you work as a research scientist 7PYhwy3XTPM-00109-00025839-00025972 at the NAL in Sydney 7PYhwy3XTPM-00110-00025972-00026124 and with a special interest 7PYhwy3XTPM-00111-00026124-00026383 in machine learning in audiology. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00112-00026456-00026575 You studied Physics in 7PYhwy3XTPM-00113-00026577-00026689 Cambridge in the U.K. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00114-00026689-00026833 and received a Ph.D. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00115-00026833-00026960 in Nottingham. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00116-00027119-00027244 And then you continued working 7PYhwy3XTPM-00117-00027244-00027457 as a research fellow in Southampton 7PYhwy3XTPM-00118-00027526-00027634 And your work is focused 7PYhwy3XTPM-00119-00027634-00027766 on speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00120-00027769-00027890 and how to improve this 7PYhwy3XTPM-00121-00027896-00028083 in case of hearing loss. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00122-00028087-00028200 And you shared 7PYhwy3XTPM-00123-00028200-00028384 that you recently have studied 7PYhwy3XTPM-00124-00028384-00028576 the effect of face mask 7PYhwy3XTPM-00125-00028589-00028706 On speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00126-00028706-00028890 Jessica, could you explain us 7PYhwy3XTPM-00127-00028893-00029038 your initial interest 7PYhwy3XTPM-00128-00029038-00029294 for ASR 7PYhwy3XTPM-00129-00029297-00029451 or Automated Speech Recognition? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00130-00029452-00029513 Thank you. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00131-00029513-00029707 So I started researching 7PYhwy3XTPM-00132-00029748-00030030 using ASR as a master's student 7PYhwy3XTPM-00133-00030063-00030223 in Roy Paterson's lab 7PYhwy3XTPM-00134-00030223-00030306 in Cambridge. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00135-00030352-00030449 And that was also 7PYhwy3XTPM-00136-00030454-00030628 my first experience of research 7PYhwy3XTPM-00137-00030634-00030784 and my first introduction 7PYhwy3XTPM-00138-00030824-00031052 to using machine learning. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00139-00031052-00031228 So that was something 7PYhwy3XTPM-00140-00031228-00031470 that I found really fascinating. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00141-00031526-00031698 And there I was working 7PYhwy3XTPM-00142-00031698-00031778 on a project 7PYhwy3XTPM-00143-00031785-00031909 trying to improve 7PYhwy3XTPM-00144-00031913-00032147 the robustness of speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00145-00032149-00032233 to different talkers by 7PYhwy3XTPM-00146-00032233-00032684 using an human auditory model 7PYhwy3XTPM-00147-00032735-00032874 as a front-end to try 7PYhwy3XTPM-00148-00032874-00033056 and give it the same robustness 7PYhwy3XTPM-00149-00033059-00033169 to different speakers. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00150-00033171-00033273 When a human hears 7PYhwy3XTPM-00151-00033273-00033334 someone talk, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00152-00033337-00033557 they don't need they hear 7PYhwy3XTPM-00153-00033557-00033726 the same thing no matter 7PYhwy3XTPM-00154-00033726-00033876 what what someone's 7PYhwy3XTPM-00155-00033888-00034066 saying and despite the different 7PYhwy3XTPM-00156-00034069-00034207 acoustics of the situation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00157-00034281-00034450 But yeah, at the time, Automatic 7PYhwy3XTPM-00158-00034486-00034559 Speech Recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00159-00034560-00034886 had to be trained a bit more for individual speakers. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00160-00035010-00035136 So that was really interesting. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00161-00035163-00035451 And I worked in other areas 7PYhwy3XTPM-00162-00035516-00035648 for my Ph.D. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00163-00035651-00035751 and [inaudible] 7PYhwy3XTPM-00164-00035783-00035888 they still looking 7PYhwy3XTPM-00165-00035888-00035981 at machine learning, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00166-00036048-00036265 but I always retained this interest 7PYhwy3XTPM-00167-00036289-00036452 in Automatic Speech Recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00168-00036547-00036683 And then when I started 7PYhwy3XTPM-00169-00036684-00037003 working at NAL, that was in 2020, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00170-00037057-00037153 so it's just at the start 7PYhwy3XTPM-00171-00037157-00037267 of the pandemic. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00172-00037273-00037368 And so we were seeing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00173-00037384-00037980 the impact of face masks and barriers on communication, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00174-00037981-00038105 particularly in clinics. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00175-00038133-00038419 And so we we done this research 7PYhwy3XTPM-00176-00038507-00038730 looking at how face masks 7PYhwy3XTPM-00177-00038738-00039028 impacted speech and how we could apply 7PYhwy3XTPM-00178-00039037-00039174 a particular gain 7PYhwy3XTPM-00179-00039174-00039341 to try and improve understanding 7PYhwy3XTPM-00180-00039349-00039417 for hearing aids users. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00181-00039520-00039917 And with the ubiquity of ASR 7PYhwy3XTPM-00182-00039924-00040008 by that point 7PYhwy3XTPM-00183-00040013-00040096 and, having it 7PYhwy3XTPM-00184-00040096-00040254 on on different devices, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00185-00040261-00040677 then it was clear step to us 7PYhwy3XTPM-00186-00040698-00040798 to that that could be 7PYhwy3XTPM-00187-00040798-00040993 used to aid communication. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00188-00040993-00041166 So I was really excited 7PYhwy3XTPM-00189-00041166-00041578 to work on NALscribe with Nicky. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00190-00041703-00041917 And she'll probably talk more 7PYhwy3XTPM-00191-00041917-00042074 about that next. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00192-00042145-00042195 Yes. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00193-00042216-00042334 I'm sure that Nicky 7PYhwy3XTPM-00194-00042334-00042501 will further explain NALscribe. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00195-00042501-00042665 And I just wondered with 7PYhwy3XTPM-00196-00042665-00042812 this effect of the face mask, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00197-00042812-00042996 is it then more acoustics, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00198-00043011-00043094 like filtering 7PYhwy3XTPM-00199-00043095-00043221 or does it have effect 7PYhwy3XTPM-00200-00043226-00043389 on your articulation? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00201-00043390-00043500 So apparently there 7PYhwy3XTPM-00202-00043516-00043637 isn't apparently there isn't 7PYhwy3XTPM-00203-00043640-00043900 much effect on your articulation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00204-00043926-00044127 It really is just the filtering effect 7PYhwy3XTPM-00205-00044127-00044219 of the mask. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00206-00044256-00044315 Okay, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00207-00044325-00044451 'cause I experience sometimes 7PYhwy3XTPM-00208-00044451-00044542 that if you wear a mask 7PYhwy3XTPM-00209-00044542-00044791 and then your chin is push yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00210-00044791-00044999 pulling more or less your mask 7PYhwy3XTPM-00211-00045029-00045098 from your nose 7PYhwy3XTPM-00212-00045098-00045230 and then you're maybe 7PYhwy3XTPM-00213-00045230-00045403 not articulating that well, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00214-00045403-00045585 but you didn't see that effect. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00215-00045590-00045640 No. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00216-00045655-00045928 In fact, for instance surgical face masks 7PYhwy3XTPM-00217-00045928-00046160 don't have much effect on the acoustics, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00218-00046160-00046618 even though they're constricting your face in the same way as as other masks. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00219-00046702-00046750 Okay. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00220-00046750-00046878 But yeah, it seems to be 7PYhwy3XTPM-00221-00046878-00046981 just the acoustic filter. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00222-00047090-00047258 So it is primarily a gain 7PYhwy3XTPM-00223-00047300-00047427 or some compensation 7PYhwy3XTPM-00224-00047427-00047527 that you could then 7PYhwy3XTPM-00225-00047548-00047670 build into your system. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00226-00047706-00047787 Yes, that's right. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00227-00047841-00048026 So you could apply it as an additional 7PYhwy3XTPM-00228-00048026-00048180 gain for hearing aids 7PYhwy3XTPM-00229-00048181-00048270 so that we are setting 7PYhwy3XTPM-00230-00048270-00048484 that they could change to a mask mode 7PYhwy3XTPM-00231-00048544-00048673 when they needed that. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00232-00048775-00048820 Ah, cool. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00233-00048820-00048901 So you've applied it 7PYhwy3XTPM-00234-00048905-00049112 to different devices 7PYhwy3XTPM-00235-00049114-00049382 both the NALscribe then 7PYhwy3XTPM-00236-00049387-00049661 as in in hearing aid prescriptions. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00237-00049837-00049961 So yeah, we haven't 7PYhwy3XTPM-00238-00049963-00050124 applied that to NALscribe, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00239-00050129-00050277 but we did find that it works 7PYhwy3XTPM-00240-00050297-00050567 quite well with masks nevertheless. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00241-00050592-00050694 We we did 7PYhwy3XTPM-00242-00050694-00050774 some tests on that. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00243-00050855-00050912 Ah, okay. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00244-00050957-00051179 Yeah. I-I-I thought that it was 7PYhwy3XTPM-00245-00051179-00051356 also applied to NALscribe, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00246-00051357-00051430 but it's then 7PYhwy3XTPM-00247-00051430-00051593 in the hearing aid devices 7PYhwy3XTPM-00248-00051593-00051716 and the rehabilitation 7PYhwy3XTPM-00249-00051716-00051800 that you've applied it. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00250-00051904-00051996 Yes, that's right. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00251-00052006-00052217 We considered applying it to NALscribe, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00252-00052229-00052413 but since since you're able 7PYhwy3XTPM-00253-00052413-00052529 to be quite close 7PYhwy3XTPM-00254-00052529-00053043 to the the microphone, then we, it was the calculations were done 7PYhwy3XTPM-00255-00053052-00053447 assuming they the talker would be 7PYhwy3XTPM-00256-00053452-00053625 at some distance from the speaker. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00257-00053626-00053831 So yeah, we found 7PYhwy3XTPM-00258-00053831-00053943 it wasn't really necessary. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00259-00054032-00054144 Okay good to know. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00260-00054144-00054402 And I guess good moment 7PYhwy3XTPM-00261-00054402-00054655 to get over to Nicky. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00262-00054775-00055147 Nicky, you led development of app 7PYhwy3XTPM-00263-00055147-00055382 and previously you studied 7PYhwy3XTPM-00264-00055407-00055502 electrical engineering 7PYhwy3XTPM-00265-00055502-00055630 at the University of Auckland 7PYhwy3XTPM-00266-00055668-00055740 in New Zealand, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00267-00055778-00055885 and you received a Ph.D. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00268-00055909-00056051 in Speech Signal 7PYhwy3XTPM-00269-00056052-00056171 Processing at the University 7PYhwy3XTPM-00270-00056171-00056443 of Wollongong in Australia. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00271-00056472-00056534 You recognize 7PYhwy3XTPM-00272-00056534-00056612 at least the name, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00273-00056712-00056992 and then you worked as a DSP engineer 7PYhwy3XTPM-00274-00056999-00057222 with several research organizations, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00275-00057223-00057369 including Motorola, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00276-00057369-00057550 Australian Research Center, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00277-00057551-00057752 and AT&T Labs. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00278-00057758-00057925 I, oh, see that 7PYhwy3XTPM-00279-00057925-00058122 you hold 10 patents. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00280-00058172-00058359 And yeah, you were the lead 7PYhwy3XTPM-00281-00058359-00058429 developer of NALscribe, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00282-00058452-00058928 a live captioning app to help 7PYhwy3XTPM-00283-00058955-00059119 people with hearing difficulties. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00284-00059256-00059473 Could you explain us, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00285-00059493-00059918 hey, why you started developing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00286-00059918-00060109 this this app or where your interest 7PYhwy3XTPM-00287-00060110-00060398 in speech recognition initiated. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00288-00060564-00060708 Yeah, thanks for the introduction. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00289-00060737-00060988 I'm impressed that you got 7PYhwy3XTPM-00290-00060988-00061053 Wollongong correct. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00291-00061241-00061298 There you go. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00292-00061321-00061692 And so someone must have 7PYhwy3XTPM-00293-00061692-00061856 programmed that and I'm sure. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00294-00061973-00062234 Yes, I did my Ph.D. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00295-00062235-00062398 in Speech Signal Processing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00296-00062435-00062672 at Wollongong University. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00297-00062689-00062904 And that was probably my first 7PYhwy3XTPM-00298-00062927-00063225 sort of introduction to digital signal 7PYhwy3XTPM-00299-00063225-00063362 processing techniques 7PYhwy3XTPM-00300-00063367-00063587 to analyze speech speeches 7PYhwy3XTPM-00301-00063706-00063937 and find efficient sort of 7PYhwy3XTPM-00302-00063937-00064191 parameter representations of speech. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00303-00064223-00064333 And so even though 7PYhwy3XTPM-00304-00064384-00064500 during my Ph.D. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00305-00064500-00064743 I was focused on speech analysis 7PYhwy3XTPM-00306-00064819-00064903 and coding 7PYhwy3XTPM-00307-00064907-00064960 and a little bit 7PYhwy3XTPM-00308-00064960-00065010 of synthesis. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00309-00065011-00065209 It's all the same methods 7PYhwy3XTPM-00310-00065215-00065407 that are used in speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00311-00065413-00065507 So it was quite 7PYhwy3XTPM-00312-00065507-00065641 a strong foundation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00313-00065697-00065825 And then after that, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00314-00065825-00066025 when I worked at AT&T Labs 7PYhwy3XTPM-00315-00066050-00066319 and I think one of my first meetings 7PYhwy3XTPM-00316-00066319-00066569 there was a presentation by a group 7PYhwy3XTPM-00317-00066571-00066651 who had just 7PYhwy3XTPM-00318-00066651-00066963 recently they'd recently released 7PYhwy3XTPM-00319-00066968-00067266 this new intelligent voice 7PYhwy3XTPM-00320-00067266-00067447 response system, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00321-00067451-00067641 which was called behind the scenes we called it 7PYhwy3XTPM-00322-00067641-00067753 "How may I help you." 7PYhwy3XTPM-00323-00067796-00068053 And that was when an AT&T customer 7PYhwy3XTPM-00324-00068070-00068216 could just ring up on the phone 7PYhwy3XTPM-00325-00068262-00068447 and instead of being met 7PYhwy3XTPM-00326-00068447-00068569 with this automated 7PYhwy3XTPM-00327-00068577-00068866 sort of robotic system that said, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00328-00068904-00069069 "Press one, for accounts. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00329-00069084-00069354 Press two for products 7PYhwy3XTPM-00330-00069354-00069433 and services." 7PYhwy3XTPM-00331-00069518-00069652 You just had a voice, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00332-00069677-00069843 another automated voice that said, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00333-00069892-00070007 "How may I help you?" 7PYhwy3XTPM-00334-00070014-00070135 And the person the customer 7PYhwy3XTPM-00335-00070148-00070281 could just speak naturally 7PYhwy3XTPM-00336-00070297-00070514 and say, I don't know, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00337-00070519-00070685 "I'd like to pay my bill." 7PYhwy3XTPM-00338-00070743-00070977 And that was quite mind-blowing at the time. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00339-00070977-00071117 This was late '90s, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00340-00071119-00071213 early 2000s. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00341-00071251-00071472 And I think was the first 7PYhwy3XTPM-00342-00071544-00071725 sort of system like that. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00343-00071725-00071826 And then I think 7PYhwy3XTPM-00344-00071827-00072017 that really inspired me 7PYhwy3XTPM-00345-00072017-00072260 to delve more into speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00346-00072264-00072464 and natural language understanding. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00347-00072470-00072584 Yeah, fast forward, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00348-00072651-00072783 what, 20 years? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00349-00072788-00072921 We're working at NAL 7PYhwy3XTPM-00350-00072939-00072978 and basically 7PYhwy3XTPM-00351-00072978-00073028 [pause] 7PYhwy3XTPM-00352-00073558-00073730 With the the pandemic 7PYhwy3XTPM-00353-00073730-00073952 and we saw now opportunities 7PYhwy3XTPM-00354-00073953-00074025 where we could, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00355-00074031-00074100 Revisit, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00356-00074193-00074474 What we've done previously in speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00357-00074527-00074825 And really now not so much 7PYhwy3XTPM-00358-00074825-00074995 develop it further ourselves, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00359-00074998-00075282 but how do we apply that speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-00360-00075282-00075441 recognition technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-00361-00075501-00075850 and package it in an easy way 7PYhwy3XTPM-00362-00075850-00076018 for people to access. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00363-00076055-00076358 And yeah, that was when 7PYhwy3XTPM-00364-00076358-00076487 we were doing research 7PYhwy3XTPM-00365-00076489-00076854 on a lot of user research 7PYhwy3XTPM-00366-00076855-00076926 on the problems 7PYhwy3XTPM-00367-00076926-00077031 they were finding 7PYhwy3XTPM-00368-00077074-00077326 with communication with masks, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00369-00077326-00077657 especially that was when we thought 7PYhwy3XTPM-00370-00077664-00077825 there's there's a real opportunity 7PYhwy3XTPM-00371-00077825-00078004 here to to produce something 7PYhwy3XTPM-00372-00078043-00078196 that can really help people, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00373-00078206-00078376 and and make a difference 7PYhwy3XTPM-00374-00078391-00078649 because we were discovering people 7PYhwy3XTPM-00375-00078650-00078942 had really strong emotions. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00376-00079013-00079186 Like negative emotions when 7PYhwy3XTPM-00377-00079186-00079377 they were trying to communicate, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00378-00079381-00079618 it was frustration 7PYhwy3XTPM-00379-00079625-00079924 and embarrassment, and anxiety. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00380-00080053-00080221 People who didn't want 7PYhwy3XTPM-00381-00080262-00080594 to go out, like they were staying home or avoiding 7PYhwy3XTPM-00382-00080595-00080738 those social interactions 7PYhwy3XTPM-00383-00080762-00080939 because all those 7PYhwy3XTPM-00384-00080970-00081143 communication difficulties. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00385-00081178-00081439 So that was the motivation 7PYhwy3XTPM-00386-00081439-00081505 behind NALscribe. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00387-00081822-00082001 Wow, yeah, and also 7PYhwy3XTPM-00388-00082037-00082244 impressive how much has happened then in, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00389-00082292-00082422 well, 20 years 7PYhwy3XTPM-00390-00082424-00082603 in improvement in this system. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00391-00082617-00082820 So if I understand well, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00392-00082820-00083047 it is been more focused 7PYhwy3XTPM-00393-00083057-00083300 on the last part in the design, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00394-00083304-00083484 how to make people use 7PYhwy3XTPM-00395-00083484-00083692 the technology or that you, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00396-00083692-00083899 yeah, translate it into benefits 7PYhwy3XTPM-00397-00083899-00084107 for persons in using it? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00398-00084107-00084231 Yeah, that's right. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00399-00084231-00084437 So we've had, amazing peop researchers 7PYhwy3XTPM-00400-00084439-00084522 like Dimitri 7PYhwy3XTPM-00401-00084522-00084646 or, the people 7PYhwy3XTPM-00402-00084646-00084895 at Google and Apple and Microsoft 7PYhwy3XTPM-00403-00084895-00085143 who have done, all the hard yards 7PYhwy3XTPM-00404-00085145-00085319 and collected all this data 7PYhwy3XTPM-00405-00085321-00085444 that we can we now 7PYhwy3XTPM-00406-00085444-00085593 have these more sophisticated 7PYhwy3XTPM-00407-00085633-00085723 training methods. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00408-00085726-00085853 We're not just using 7PYhwy3XTPM-00409-00085853-00086013 our acoustic models 7PYhwy3XTPM-00410-00086013-00086217 and having with little 7PYhwy3XTPM-00411-00086255-00086450 speech corpus to work with. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00412-00086556-00086650 It's just millions 7PYhwy3XTPM-00413-00086650-00086760 and more 7PYhwy3XTPM-00414-00086760-00086958 than millions of hours of speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-00415-00086995-00087211 in real situations, from YouTube, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00416-00087211-00087370 from phone calls, from everything. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00417-00087477-00087535 Our focus 7PYhwy3XTPM-00418-00087535-00087649 At NAL is how do we 7PYhwy3XTPM-00419-00087673-00087793 turn that into something 7PYhwy3XTPM-00420-00087793-00088066 that that can help people? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00421-00088193-00088310 Thank you, Nicky. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00422-00088310-00088551 And I think we cannot wait any longer 7PYhwy3XTPM-00423-00088551-00088739 with listening to Dimitri 7PYhwy3XTPM-00424-00088779-00088987 who has done quite some work, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00425-00088989-00089371 I guess, that was important preparation 7PYhwy3XTPM-00426-00089372-00089504 for another later work 7PYhwy3XTPM-00427-00089504-00089700 done by Nicky and Jessica. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00428-00089784-00089915 Dimitri, you work as 7PYhwy3XTPM-00429-00089915-00090112 a Researcher at Google. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00430-00090118-00090263 And you lost your hearing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00431-00090263-00090401 in early childhoods. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00432-00090455-00090657 I understood you 7PYhwy3XTPM-00433-00090695-00091013 studied Mathematics in Moscow 7PYhwy3XTPM-00434-00091042-00091104 and also received 7PYhwy3XTPM-00435-00091150-00091190 a Ph.D. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00436-00091190-00091240 there. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00437-00091271-00091449 And then you started working 7PYhwy3XTPM-00438-00091449-00091691 at various research centers, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00439-00091692-00091927 including the Max Planck Institute 7PYhwy3XTPM-00440-00091928-00092051 In Bonn, Germany, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00441-00092104-00092287 and also the Institute for Advanced 7PYhwy3XTPM-00442-00092287-00092461 Studies in Princeton, the USA. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00443-00092532-00092681 And then you joined 7PYhwy3XTPM-00444-00092713-00092936 IBM in 1986. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00445-00093183-00093328 And I think you've been working 7PYhwy3XTPM-00446-00093329-00093558 for more than 25 years 7PYhwy3XTPM-00447-00093561-00093734 in speech recognition, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00448-00093735-00093833 if I'm correct, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00449-00093991-00094052 [pause] Dimitri? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00450-00094204-00094471 And then you yeah, joined Google 7PYhwy3XTPM-00451-00094541-00094763 somewhere in the last five years, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00452-00094767-00094894 I think, I didn't know 7PYhwy3XTPM-00453-00094894-00095052 the exact date. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00454-00095253-00095556 I saw that you had developed 7PYhwy3XTPM-00455-00095573-00095693 Google Live Transcribe. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00456-00095728-00095832 Google Relate, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00457-00095834-00096017 the systems we are now using today, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00458-00096017-00096178 but you also worked on other 7PYhwy3XTPM-00459-00096178-00096429 technologies to improve accessibility. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00460-00096456-00096923 And in 2012, Dimitri was honored 7PYhwy3XTPM-00461-00096942-00097045 at the White House 7PYhwy3XTPM-00462-00097085-00097186 as a champion of change 7PYhwy3XTPM-00463-00097210-00097291 for his efforts 7PYhwy3XTPM-00464-00097291-00097568 to advance access to science, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00465-00097568-00097794 technology, engineering, and math 7PYhwy3XTPM-00466-00097817-00098048 for people with disabilities. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00467-00098109-00098329 And Dimitri currently 7PYhwy3XTPM-00468-00098335-00098634 holds over 295 patents. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00469-00098718-00098869 So I-I hope this was 7PYhwy3XTPM-00470-00098879-00099144 captured well and well, Dimitri, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00471-00099144-00099392 I'm really honored to have you here 7PYhwy3XTPM-00472-00099397-00099548 in the in the show. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00473-00099548-00099812 And I-I-I wondered 7PYhwy3XTPM-00474-00099812-00100039 when if your motivation 7PYhwy3XTPM-00475-00100039-00100305 to work on speech recognition, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00476-00100339-00100650 when you decided to study mathematics, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00477-00100653-00100837 did you already have that ambition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00478-00100838-00101123 then to work on in this field? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00479-00101128-00101347 I had no intention 7PYhwy3XTPM-00480-00101383-00101612 to do speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00481-00101664-00101787 when I did math. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00482-00102000-00102053 After my dream 7PYhwy3XTPM-00483-00102081-00102211 was to work 7PYhwy3XTPM-00484-00102211-00102489 forever in Mathematics. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00485-00102721-00102967 But then after I receive 7PYhwy3XTPM-00486-00102975-00103089 Ph.D. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00487-00103199-00103418 at the time it was Soviet Union. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00488-00103712-00103993 My family and I decided 7PYhwy3XTPM-00489-00103996-00104596 to immigrate to Israel 7PYhwy3XTPM-00490-00104596-00104653 and I lip read pretty well 7PYhwy3XTPM-00491-00104655-00104784 in Russian 7PYhwy3XTPM-00492-00104968-00105225 but I realized I not be able to lipread 7PYhwy3XTPM-00493-00105225-00105256 so well in Hebrew and in English. So I knew the haptics 7PYhwy3XTPM-00494-00105256-00106945 helped me to lipread better. So while I was waiting 7PYhwy3XTPM-00495-00106970-00107142 for permission from Soviet Union 7PYhwy3XTPM-00496-00107142-00107149 to immigrate to Israel, it was about 10 months. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00497-00107149-00107396 I Learned electric engineering and developed haptic wearable devices 7PYhwy3XTPM-00498-00107396-00107641 that have several channels. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00499-00107641-00107647 One channel just for low-band audio. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00500-00107647-00107780 Does amplification but other 7PYhwy3XTPM-00501-00107780-00107932 transformed high frequencies 7PYhwy3XTPM-00502-00107932-00108237 to low frequencies so I could 7PYhwy3XTPM-00503-00108237-00108440 understand frequencies in Hebrew. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00504-00108440-00109448 You have a lot, Shalom, Shabbat, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00505-00109448-00109498 [inaudible] 7PYhwy3XTPM-00506-00111642-00111692 So yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00507-00111717-00112247 but language is not 7PYhwy3XTPM-00508-00112247-00112265 I took this device to Israel, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00509-00112265-00112315 it had small speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-00510-00112329-00112380 recognition technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-00511-00112380-00112380 and I got some grant from Israel government 7PYhwy3XTPM-00512-00112380-00112381 and developed a startup. And this device 7PYhwy3XTPM-00513-00112381-00112399 had a lot of impact. It was first variable, haptic device 7PYhwy3XTPM-00514-00112399-00112497 but I continue to do mathematics. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00515-00112497-00112563 But when I immigrate, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00516-00112563-00112662 no when I went to America 7PYhwy3XTPM-00517-00112662-00113796 and worked at the Institute 7PYhwy3XTPM-00518-00113796-00114735 for Advanced Studies, it was very difficult 7PYhwy3XTPM-00519-00114735-00115630 because there were no transcription services at all in America. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00520-00115708-00117314 And I decided that I should 7PYhwy3XTPM-00521-00117318-00117400 work in speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00522-00117400-00117604 and make temporal break 7PYhwy3XTPM-00523-00117604-00117752 in mathematics. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00524-00117752-00118061 And develop communication 7PYhwy3XTPM-00525-00118062-00118174 means for me 7PYhwy3XTPM-00526-00118174-00118208 and because I developed 7PYhwy3XTPM-00527-00118208-00118244 this haptic speech technology. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00528-00118244-00118282 I based speech recognition talking to me, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00529-00118282-00119338 they did not take just 7PYhwy3XTPM-00530-00119339-00119610 some abstract mathematician, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00531-00119641-00119862 they took person who could 7PYhwy3XTPM-00532-00119863-00120015 do practical application. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00533-00120141-00120458 So I thought in five years, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00534-00120458-00120508 we developed speech recognition technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-00535-00120508-00120993 that will solve all my problems, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00536-00120993-00121236 but other people problems. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00537-00121236-00121322 Five years passed. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00538-00121534-00121744 No. And for next five years, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00539-00121744-00121859 next five years, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00540-00121859-00121974 that lasted for 7PYhwy3XTPM-00541-00121974-00122206 twenty-five years at IBM 7PYhwy3XTPM-00542-00122282-00122423 where we developed good algorithm 7PYhwy3XTPM-00543-00122423-00122707 that improve significantly 7PYhwy3XTPM-00544-00122747-00122884 but still not enough 7PYhwy3XTPM-00545-00122884-00122929 to be used for communication. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00546-00122929-00122964 And in 2014, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00547-00122964-00122968 I moved to Google. In there finally we achieve 7PYhwy3XTPM-00548-00122968-00122972 very good speech recognition accuracy our team. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00549-00122972-00122976 And I move to California from New York 7PYhwy3XTPM-00550-00122976-00122978 to develop practical application. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00551-00122978-00122984 This is my story, and now I went back to mathematics. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00552-00122984-00125883 I start again do mathematics 7PYhwy3XTPM-00553-00125938-00126202 and solve 50 years 7PYhwy3XTPM-00554-00126492-00126557 old mathematical problem 7PYhwy3XTPM-00555-00126597-00126846 that my adviser gave me 50 years ago 7PYhwy3XTPM-00556-00126926-00127031 and finally had time 7PYhwy3XTPM-00557-00127054-00127332 to figure it and finish it. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00558-00127485-00127742 Wow, great, so problem 7PYhwy3XTPM-00559-00127743-00128024 was a little bit underestimated, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00560-00128056-00128231 you needed much more time 7PYhwy3XTPM-00561-00128231-00128400 to to solve the problem 7PYhwy3XTPM-00562-00128400-00128543 of speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00563-00128543-00128859 and we are all having 7PYhwy3XTPM-00564-00128860-00129019 benefits of this today. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00565-00129054-00129252 So glad to hear you have more time 7PYhwy3XTPM-00566-00129252-00129511 for your other passion of mathematics 7PYhwy3XTPM-00567-00129521-00129791 and but is still is there a mathematics 7PYhwy3XTPM-00568-00129791-00129974 and the tools maybe that you developed 7PYhwy3XTPM-00569-00129974-00130291 there and for instance machine learning 7PYhwy3XTPM-00570-00130292-00130567 or the data analysis that is needed 7PYhwy3XTPM-00571-00130567-00130766 for the speech recognition? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00572-00131098-00131215 First, I get to work 7PYhwy3XTPM-00573-00131227-00131505 as mathematician in speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00574-00131505-00132154 I develop new optimization algorithm. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00575-00132154-00132246 I don't know if you heard 7PYhwy3XTPM-00576-00132247-00132628 about Baum-Welch algorithm 7PYhwy3XTPM-00577-00132782-00132832 for Hidden Markov Model. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00578-00132832-00132867 At that time, it worked 7PYhwy3XTPM-00579-00132867-00133170 only for polynomials, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00580-00133173-00133252 for polynomials function. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00581-00133441-00133676 For maximum likelihood 7PYhwy3XTPM-00582-00133676-00134128 and nobody knew how to extend this 7PYhwy3XTPM-00583-00134128-00134132 to different kind of objective function, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00584-00134132-00134137 like maximum mutual information and my contribution was, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00585-00134137-00134288 I discovered algorithm that could extend Baum-Welch. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00586-00134288-00134325 It extended efficient 7PYhwy3XTPM-00587-00134325-00134482 quasi-line algorithm to different type 7PYhwy3XTPM-00588-00134488-00137322 of objective function 7PYhwy3XTPM-00589-00137346-00137614 that is allowed significant 7PYhwy3XTPM-00590-00137614-00137867 improved speech recognition accuracy. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00591-00137989-00138011 But now I try to apply my abstract mathematic. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00592-00138011-00138012 Algebraic geometry number theorem in machine learning 7PYhwy3XTPM-00593-00138012-00139286 and trying to develop 7PYhwy3XTPM-00594-00139366-00139746 new kind of machine learning. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00595-00139746-00139823 Then based on more 7PYhwy3XTPM-00596-00139829-00139936 abstract mathematics. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00597-00140426-00140692 Wow, I-I'm impressed with that. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00598-00140692-00141030 I-I must admit I'm not able to fully grasp 7PYhwy3XTPM-00599-00141035-00141166 and and appreciate it 7PYhwy3XTPM-00600-00141347-00141698 in how you have have been able to do this. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00601-00141709-00142068 And so I expect and also 7PYhwy3XTPM-00602-00142068-00142181 that you've been working 7PYhwy3XTPM-00603-00142187-00142376 probably in a-a in a team 7PYhwy3XTPM-00604-00142410-00142794 with many different specialists for developing, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00605-00142794-00142995 for instance, Google Live Transcribe? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00606-00143399-00143449 Absolutely correct. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00607-00143499-00143531 Google Live Transcribe became possible 7PYhwy3XTPM-00608-00143531-00143544 because I get very remarkable coworker, my friend, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00609-00143544-00143554 Chet who with compassionate the difficulty 7PYhwy3XTPM-00610-00143554-00143571 that I had at the time, I used only manual transcription 7PYhwy3XTPM-00611-00143571-00143612 services from stenography. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00612-00143612-00143613 And I told Chet, the speech recognition already good enough. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00613-00143613-00143665 You have all these speech recognition in Google document, Google Docs. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00614-00143707-00143726 But you need to click on the microphone each time 7PYhwy3XTPM-00615-00143726-00143791 that you want to speak and it immediately stop if you do pause, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00616-00143791-00143792 I couldn't use this for conversation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00617-00143792-00143795 So on weekend, imported this system into android 7PYhwy3XTPM-00618-00143795-00143798 and gave me first prototype. And this how we started 7PYhwy3XTPM-00619-00143798-00143799 to polished it, tested for users, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00620-00143799-00143802 added many languages. Live Transcribe was born. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00621-00143802-00143829 We got a few more very talented people like Sagar 7PYhwy3XTPM-00622-00143829-00144563 and others 7PYhwy3XTPM-00623-00144930-00145128 who was project manager. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00624-00145128-00145129 We got team, big team of software developers 7PYhwy3XTPM-00625-00145129-00145130 that implemented this. We got also sound notification 7PYhwy3XTPM-00626-00145130-00145131 so you could detect if your dog barking, baby crying 7PYhwy3XTPM-00627-00145131-00145133 and you continue to add more and more wonderful features. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00628-00145133-00147099 For example, now we are adding offline speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00629-00147099-00147152 Now, Live Transcribe has offline speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00630-00147152-00147387 Before Live Transcribe required data or Wi-Fi connection. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00631-00147600-00147689 Now, you can use 7PYhwy3XTPM-00632-00147689-00147696 Live Transcribe, it beginning to be 7PYhwy3XTPM-00633-00147696-00147745 going to public soon. You can use this in elevator 7PYhwy3XTPM-00634-00147745-00148638 where you're losing connection. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00635-00148638-00150349 You can use this in India, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00636-00150349-00150919 in Africa, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00637-00150919-00151696 where there are 7PYhwy3XTPM-00638-00153168-00155910 no good network connection. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00640-00160094-00160232 I think important development, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00641-00160232-00160593 also the [pause] 7PYhwy3XTPM-00642-00160614-00160712 robustness of this system 7PYhwy3XTPM-00643-00160713-00160919 have with low connectivity. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00644-00160981-00161149 And and Jessica, I remember, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00645-00161149-00161436 you also had a question for Dimitri 7PYhwy3XTPM-00646-00161436-00161653 that maybe fits in nicely, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00647-00161655-00161973 I think now in his explanation so far? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00648-00161973-00162093 So I was wondering 7PYhwy3XTPM-00649-00162095-00162432 if in your experience of using 7PYhwy3XTPM-00650-00162469-00162630 ASR and developing it, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00651-00162663-00162822 whether, so did you just see 7PYhwy3XTPM-00652-00162826-00163004 a-a gradual improvement 7PYhwy3XTPM-00653-00164523-00164620 or was there 7PYhwy3XTPM-00654-00164620-00164799 a particular step change 7PYhwy3XTPM-00655-00164799-00164908 that that you can 7PYhwy3XTPM-00656-00164932-00165113 recall in in the accuracy? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00657-00165113-00165248 Yes, two factors. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00658-00165248-00165292 [Inaudible] 7PYhwy3XTPM-00659-00165292-00165427 the significant improvement 7PYhwy3XTPM-00660-00165427-00165516 of accuracy. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00661-00165516-00165606 First, neural 7PYhwy3XTPM-00662-00165606-00165740 network of course. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00663-00165740-00165920 Computers became powerful enough 7PYhwy3XTPM-00664-00165920-00166144 to process faster neural network. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00665-00166189-00166440 And second factor was that 7PYhwy3XTPM-00666-00166468-00166724 you got unlimited data 7PYhwy3XTPM-00667-00166724-00166936 for training from YouTube. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00668-00167143-00167611 This was actually my for basic work at Google 7PYhwy3XTPM-00669-00167760-00167972 because YouTube has manually 7PYhwy3XTPM-00670-00168049-00168200 uploaded caption 7PYhwy3XTPM-00671-00168430-00168614 but manual uploaded caption 7PYhwy3XTPM-00672-00168617-00168774 has a lot of errors. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00673-00168774-00169036 You could not use directly 7PYhwy3XTPM-00674-00169036-00169332 to trans speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00675-00169332-00169722 So you put filter that 7PYhwy3XTPM-00676-00169722-00170035 with high probability detection, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00677-00170035-00170371 which audio segment had 7PYhwy3XTPM-00678-00170382-00170458 good manual transcription 7PYhwy3XTPM-00679-00170458-00170620 and you got so much data 7PYhwy3XTPM-00680-00170620-00170728 that in one day, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00681-00170728-00170809 we suddenly improved 7PYhwy3XTPM-00682-00170836-00171103 speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00683-00171235-00171544 by many, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00684-00171544-00171668 many, percent. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00685-00171700-00171945 I remember before that you 7PYhwy3XTPM-00686-00171945-00172032 could spend several years. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00687-00172032-00172382 And we are very happy to improve 7PYhwy3XTPM-00688-00172382-00172620 speech recognition accuracy 7PYhwy3XTPM-00689-00172620-00172857 by quarter percent. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00690-00172857-00173095 Suddenly every day, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00691-00173095-00173332 five percent improvement, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00692-00173332-00173500 absolutely more five percent 7PYhwy3XTPM-00693-00173522-00173574 improvement. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00694-00173620-00173873 It was exciting in our team. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00695-00174108-00174405 Wow, wonderful 7PYhwy3XTPM-00696-00174405-00174449 and Jessica, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00697-00174449-00174703 do you have follow-up questions 7PYhwy3XTPM-00698-00174703-00174793 or or Nicky, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00699-00174793-00174852 is there something 7PYhwy3XTPM-00700-00174852-00174996 you would like to add 7PYhwy3XTPM-00701-00175016-00175201 or or ask to Dimitri? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00702-00175635-00175768 Yeah, my main questions 7PYhwy3XTPM-00703-00175794-00175892 to Dimitri was, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00704-00175892-00176169 what what are the next barriers 7PYhwy3XTPM-00705-00176186-00176390 to overcome like that you see? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00706-00176483-00176611 What's gonna get you that, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00707-00176643-00176759 well, I don't know if we can get 7PYhwy3XTPM-00708-00176759-00177078 an extra 5% improvement, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00709-00177081-00177213 but is there something 7PYhwy3XTPM-00710-00177310-00177383 that you see 7PYhwy3XTPM-00711-00177383-00177623 is is holding back the accuracy 7PYhwy3XTPM-00712-00177627-00177799 to where it is today? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00713-00177818-00178048 Or can we, have we have are 7PYhwy3XTPM-00714-00178050-00178158 we close to the limit? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00715-00178182-00178307 Or is is there still 7PYhwy3XTPM-00716-00178307-00178458 a lot of room for improvement? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00717-00178708-00178937 I think that next barrier, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00718-00179058-00179183 there's a few people who have 7PYhwy3XTPM-00719-00179183-00179229 non-standard speech like me. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00720-00179229-00179768 On YouTube you do not find 7PYhwy3XTPM-00721-00179774-00179795 many people speaking like me, so you could not use YouTube data 7PYhwy3XTPM-00722-00179795-00179800 to create model for me. And if you have people 7PYhwy3XTPM-00723-00179800-00179800 who have ALS, now, our speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-00724-00179800-00179801 works for them too but we need record 7PYhwy3XTPM-00725-00179801-00179819 specifically. So relate specifically, get data 7PYhwy3XTPM-00726-00179819-00179838 from people with non-standard speech. They record and they get 7PYhwy3XTPM-00727-00179838-00179856 for them speech recognition. But also this model is local, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00728-00179856-00179880 what you see now is not on network. It is on my device. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00730-00184159-00184193 you also very well. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00731-00184193-00185855 Do you want to try? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00732-00185855-00185908 Let me turn connection. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00733-00185922-00186037 Do you want to speak? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00734-00186037-00186300 And you will see it will start 7PYhwy3XTPM-00735-00186300-00186437 to transcribe you. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00736-00186437-00186594 Please, speak. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00737-00186673-00186976 Okay I'd say Nicky, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00738-00186990-00187232 the honor is yours to have a try? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00739-00187232-00187498 Also, it was now 7PYhwy3XTPM-00740-00187503-00187670 it's time to speak. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00741-00187918-00188005 The the next thing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00742-00188007-00188384 coming more personalized speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-00743-00188384-00188520 recognition for for 7PYhwy3XTPM-00744-00188522-00188686 individuals and training. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00745-00188731-00188985 When I'm looking now and looking 7PYhwy3XTPM-00746-00188985-00189135 at your transcription 7PYhwy3XTPM-00747-00189142-00189275 and and the transcription 7PYhwy3XTPM-00748-00189276-00189504 that comes with Google Meet, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00749-00189530-00189690 I can I can definitely see 7PYhwy3XTPM-00750-00189690-00189865 that your transcription is better. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00751-00189865-00190208 So yeah, it does show a lot of promise 7PYhwy3XTPM-00752-00190212-00190494 for that individual training 7PYhwy3XTPM-00753-00190497-00190716 and, the benefits that you can get. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00754-00190918-00191250 Yeah, I guess yeah, the next thing is 7PYhwy3XTPM-00755-00191250-00191460 how how can people do that 7PYhwy3XTPM-00756-00191464-00191799 without spending a whole year to train 7PYhwy3XTPM-00757-00191804-00192016 like you have and and many hours. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00758-00192016-00192315 Can that be done more efficiently 7PYhwy3XTPM-00759-00192321-00192541 maybe by I'm just, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00760-00192638-00192814 thinking here certain sounds 7PYhwy3XTPM-00761-00192814-00193156 and, targeting that training material 7PYhwy3XTPM-00762-00193203-00193519 to make it, yeah, to improve accuracy? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00763-00193519-00193669 So definitely 7PYhwy3XTPM-00764-00193739-00193968 very interesting times ahead. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00765-00194238-00194363 And and Dimitri, if 7PYhwy3XTPM-00766-00194493-00194543 But so you saw 7PYhwy3XTPM-00767-00194578-00194746 my local speech recognition, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00768-00194746-00194984 not only understand me, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00769-00195015-00195205 it understands other people. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00770-00195205-00195382 This is fantastic 7PYhwy3XTPM-00771-00195382-00195618 and answered your question. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00772-00195618-00196058 I think solution comes when we get 7PYhwy3XTPM-00773-00196062-00196589 enough clusters of similar speeches. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00774-00196594-00196949 This is what we do for people who have ALS. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00775-00196953-00197279 You got a lot of speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-00776-00197310-00197681 from different people with ALS. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00777-00197681-00197964 So new person comes that person 7PYhwy3XTPM-00778-00197964-00198131 does not need to train too much. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00779-00198287-00198697 So this is eventually solution 7PYhwy3XTPM-00780-00198697-00198999 for all accents. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00781-00198999-00199502 Accommodate a lot of classes. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00782-00199502-00200005 Yeah, actually I had two 7PYhwy3XTPM-00783-00200106-00200188 But I will stop transcribing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00784-00200188-00200235 with my local feature, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00785-00200235-00200306 so that it does not distract. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00786-00200318-00200403 I had two 7PYhwy3XTPM-00787-00200475-00200617 follow-up questions. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00788-00200620-00200961 One is, beforehand we thought, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00789-00200967-00201103 well, will the system 7PYhwy3XTPM-00790-00201103-00201368 have troubles with our accents? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00791-00201390-00201625 Like Jessica, Nicky, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00792-00201625-00201794 and I all speak differently, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00793-00201794-00202017 but looks like there have been 7PYhwy3XTPM-00794-00202018-00202175 already quite some clusters 7PYhwy3XTPM-00795-00202177-00202505 of British or New Zealand's speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-00796-00202508-00202766 or had a Dutch accent speech. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00797-00202919-00203089 So my question would be more like 7PYhwy3XTPM-00798-00203122-00203346 what role could clinics play here? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00799-00203346-00203489 'Cause I think that clinics 7PYhwy3XTPM-00800-00203489-00203679 can help in collecting 7PYhwy3XTPM-00801-00203680-00203868 or motivating groups 7PYhwy3XTPM-00802-00203872-00204426 of patients with similar disease or similar symptoms, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00803-00204459-00204812 similar atypical speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-00804-00204821-00204952 and that could help 7PYhwy3XTPM-00805-00204996-00205256 then in collecting data. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00806-00205346-00205475 What do you what do 7PYhwy3XTPM-00807-00205506-00205719 three of you think of this? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00808-00205740-00205935 And and maybe Nicky, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00809-00205935-00206132 you have already working 7PYhwy3XTPM-00810-00206132-00206281 also with different clinics 7PYhwy3XTPM-00811-00206281-00206446 in in Australia? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00812-00206494-00206671 What could could there 7PYhwy3XTPM-00813-00206671-00206779 be an opportunity? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00814-00207067-00207171 Sorry, my Air Pods 7PYhwy3XTPM-00815-00207217-00207398 just went flat there 7PYhwy3XTPM-00816-00207398-00207526 so I might I'm just 7PYhwy3XTPM-00817-00207526-00207667 relying on the captions. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00818-00207813-00207863 That's good. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00819-00207910-00207963 I understand 7PYhwy3XTPM-00820-00207963-00208046 what you just said. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00821-00208071-00208360 Yeah, we, because 7PYhwy3XTPM-00822-00208360-00208444 we release NALscribe 7PYhwy3XTPM-00823-00208515-00208635 and we've been doing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00824-00208657-00208809 some more clinical testing. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00825-00208811-00209031 So we are looking at how 7PYhwy3XTPM-00826-00209046-00209163 it has been performing, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00827-00209311-00209440 In Australian clinics, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00828-00209453-00209533 in U.S. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00829-00209533-00209598 clinics 7PYhwy3XTPM-00830-00209606-00209769 and now coming up 7PYhwy3XTPM-00831-00209804-00209925 in in the Netherlands. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00832-00210057-00210273 We do have different variants 7PYhwy3XTPM-00833-00210273-00210640 of English that the user can select. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00834-00210744-00211044 I'm not quite sure, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00835-00211069-00211205 how how different they are 7PYhwy3XTPM-00836-00211207-00211442 when you select Australian English 7PYhwy3XTPM-00837-00211483-00211589 versus British English, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00838-00211769-00211834 How similar 7PYhwy3XTPM-00839-00211835-00211944 are these models? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00840-00212188-00212402 But I think was the question 7PYhwy3XTPM-00841-00212415-00212678 more in terms of atypical speech? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00842-00212678-00212827 We haven't actually delved 7PYhwy3XTPM-00843-00212834-00213036 quite into that yet, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00844-00213037-00213165 but it would be interesting. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00845-00213289-00213410 Yes, I-I think it's also 7PYhwy3XTPM-00846-00213416-00213505 looking over it's 7PYhwy3XTPM-00847-00213507-00213758 about finding useful clusters 7PYhwy3XTPM-00848-00213762-00213989 'cause for instance, in the U.K. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00849-00213994-00214203 also we have from city to city, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00850-00214203-00214333 the accent is different 7PYhwy3XTPM-00851-00214337-00214663 and you could debate 7PYhwy3XTPM-00852-00214665-00214900 whether that is U.K. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00853-00214902-00214953 English 7PYhwy3XTPM-00854-00214954-00215126 or the same as also 7PYhwy3XTPM-00855-00215127-00215223 in the in the Netherlands 7PYhwy3XTPM-00856-00215223-00215412 than in some regions. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00857-00215471-00215675 Yeah, the accent is quite it's 7PYhwy3XTPM-00858-00215675-00216034 a di dialect and so then just the label 7PYhwy3XTPM-00859-00216042-00216336 Dutch doesn't capture it all. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00860-00216475-00216623 So how would, what would be then 7PYhwy3XTPM-00861-00216625-00216832 a good strategy to to know 7PYhwy3XTPM-00862-00216835-00217116 when when you have a-a valid cluster 7PYhwy3XTPM-00863-00217116-00217239 or something or an [pause] 7PYhwy3XTPM-00864-00217421-00217588 yeah, I'm wondering 7PYhwy3XTPM-00865-00217598-00217725 who's best to address 7PYhwy3XTPM-00866-00217736-00218011 that question in atypical speech. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00867-00218012-00218234 So Nicky, you didn't yet 7PYhwy3XTPM-00868-00218273-00218437 look into this problem? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00869-00218716-00218969 No, and we have been mainly 7PYhwy3XTPM-00870-00218971-00219342 looking at the use case 7PYhwy3XTPM-00871-00219344-00219726 where it is a normal hearing speaker 7PYhwy3XTPM-00872-00219792-00219979 speaking to a hearing-impaired person 7PYhwy3XTPM-00873-00219979-00220134 in that clinical setting 7PYhwy3XTPM-00874-00220139-00220367 to improve that communication. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00875-00220594-00220764 Yeah, definitely to look at more 7PYhwy3XTPM-00876-00220764-00220932 of that two-way communication 7PYhwy3XTPM-00877-00220932-00221131 is something that would be would 7PYhwy3XTPM-00878-00221133-00221248 be very interesting. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00879-00221289-00221600 But in the yeah, in the development 7PYhwy3XTPM-00880-00221600-00221765 of of NALscribe, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00881-00221766-00222146 we were really looking at the hearing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00882-00222146-00222344 impaired person as as the listener. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00883-00222419-00222692 Okay, yeah, and then that brings me 7PYhwy3XTPM-00884-00222692-00222821 to the follow-up question. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00885-00222821-00223044 Then for broader applications 7PYhwy3XTPM-00886-00223048-00223175 of this technology, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00887-00223180-00223415 and also what you now bring up 7PYhwy3XTPM-00888-00223441-00223794 the barriers of communication 7PYhwy3XTPM-00889-00223803-00223967 between people 7PYhwy3XTPM-00890-00224038-00224092 irregardless of hearing status. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00891-00224092-00224312 So yeah, Nicky, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00892-00224312-00224455 it's actually good example 7PYhwy3XTPM-00893-00224455-00224661 now that you are also now 7PYhwy3XTPM-00894-00224701-00225027 relying on the transcription. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00895-00225053-00225214 So we have now two people 7PYhwy3XTPM-00896-00225217-00225448 listening and two people reading. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00897-00225542-00225827 And and so Nicky, maybe you experience 7PYhwy3XTPM-00898-00225828-00226033 some new barriers or 7PYhwy3XTPM-00899-00226127-00226689 and what do you think could be 7PYhwy3XTPM-00900-00226712-00227076 the the next steps to relieve this 7PYhwy3XTPM-00901-00227081-00227173 and maybe good 7PYhwy3XTPM-00902-00227216-00227451 if I ask you Jessica 7PYhwy3XTPM-00903-00227452-00227596 if you would comment 7PYhwy3XTPM-00904-00227596-00227887 on how to further, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00905-00227889-00228098 develop this with the opportunities 7PYhwy3XTPM-00906-00228165-00228232 that are, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00907-00228269-00228409 well, already 7PYhwy3XTPM-00908-00228446-00228557 are described before. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00909-00228694-00228958 Okay, so I think 7PYhwy3XTPM-00910-00229002-00229187 the the next advance would be 7PYhwy3XTPM-00911-00229192-00229317 really to take advantage 7PYhwy3XTPM-00912-00229340-00229521 of the technology that we already have. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00913-00229571-00229792 So there are all these situations 7PYhwy3XTPM-00914-00229835-00230019 where particularly at the moment 7PYhwy3XTPM-00915-00230021-00230334 where there are in fact, physical barriers to communication. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00916-00230369-00230461 If if someone 7PYhwy3XTPM-00917-00230463-00230602 with a hearing difficulty 7PYhwy3XTPM-00918-00230652-00230773 goes to their DP clinic 7PYhwy3XTPM-00919-00230787-00230917 and they can't be understood 7PYhwy3XTPM-00920-00230923-00231008 at reception 7PYhwy3XTPM-00921-00231037-00231151 because they're not using 7PYhwy3XTPM-00922-00231173-00231246 a technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-00923-00231259-00231386 that's widely available 7PYhwy3XTPM-00924-00231390-00231742 to everyone I think that's, it's excluding people unnecessarily. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00925-00231800-00231933 So I think there are 7PYhwy3XTPM-00926-00231933-00232080 a lot of situations 7PYhwy3XTPM-00927-00232112-00232202 where this could 7PYhwy3XTPM-00928-00232202-00232377 be beneficial already. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00929-00232444-00232623 And particularly in that situation 7PYhwy3XTPM-00930-00232627-00232773 is quite quite a good one. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00931-00232775-00232917 If you have a business that has 7PYhwy3XTPM-00932-00232917-00233117 a-a tablet and a microphone, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00933-00233167-00233251 then even if you're 7PYhwy3XTPM-00934-00233251-00233470 in a noisy waiting room 7PYhwy3XTPM-00935-00233502-00233689 then they're able to take advantage 7PYhwy3XTPM-00936-00233689-00233903 of that good signal-to-noise ratio 7PYhwy3XTPM-00937-00233958-00234064 and typically get 7PYhwy3XTPM-00938-00234064-00234150 very good captions. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00939-00234150-00234330 So I think that's that's, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00940-00234580-00234788 using existing technology. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00941-00234792-00234998 And in terms of future technology, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00942-00235029-00235177 I think is very exciting 7PYhwy3XTPM-00943-00235179-00235253 is the emergence 7PYhwy3XTPM-00944-00235355-00235508 of augmented reality systems. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00945-00235540-00235698 So AR glasses. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00946-00235698-00235877 So if you had captions 7PYhwy3XTPM-00947-00235878-00235928 on 7PYhwy3XTPM-00948-00236092-00236205 an AR glass AR glasses, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00949-00236210-00236296 so you could see 7PYhwy3XTPM-00950-00236296-00236388 the captions 7PYhwy3XTPM-00951-00236391-00236473 when you when you look 7PYhwy3XTPM-00952-00236473-00236592 at a particular person 7PYhwy3XTPM-00953-00236592-00236758 or different captions for different people 7PYhwy3XTPM-00954-00236810-00237188 and maybe additional information 7PYhwy3XTPM-00955-00237198-00237496 About sounds 7PYhwy3XTPM-00956-00237496-00237608 that are going on around you. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00957-00237608-00237836 I think that would that would be a is 7PYhwy3XTPM-00958-00237838-00237948 going to be a really 7PYhwy3XTPM-00959-00237979-00238284 wonderful new use of technology. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00960-00238448-00238587 Yeah, I fully agree. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00961-00238588-00238848 I think that could really help 7PYhwy3XTPM-00962-00238850-00239092 in this augmented reality 7PYhwy3XTPM-00963-00239092-00239335 and it also brings me to 7PYhwy3XTPM-00964-00239337-00239501 another question maybe to you, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00965-00239504-00239831 Nicky, of, if people start reading 7PYhwy3XTPM-00966-00239831-00239936 from a tablet, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00967-00239960-00240121 how does it affect, for instance, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00968-00240121-00240369 their ability to read lips 7PYhwy3XTPM-00969-00240400-00240596 and and also include 7PYhwy3XTPM-00970-00240596-00240706 the facial expression? 7PYhwy3XTPM-00971-00240969-00241166 Yes, we've had feedback 7PYhwy3XTPM-00972-00241209-00241340 and recommendations 7PYhwy3XTPM-00973-00241340-00241469 that we can put forward 7PYhwy3XTPM-00974-00241526-00241631 based on the experience 7PYhwy3XTPM-00975-00241664-00241748 of just observing 7PYhwy3XTPM-00976-00241748-00241887 how people are interacting 7PYhwy3XTPM-00977-00241887-00242191 and using that's this technology, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00978-00242210-00242358 In a clinic situation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00979-00242358-00242664 And definitely, people with hearing loss 7PYhwy3XTPM-00980-00242723-00242892 and even people without hearing loss 7PYhwy3XTPM-00981-00242923-00243003 like to read lips 7PYhwy3XTPM-00982-00243003-00243150 and we've that's just become 7PYhwy3XTPM-00983-00243150-00243223 more apparent 7PYhwy3XTPM-00984-00243226-00243336 when everyone's 7PYhwy3XTPM-00985-00243364-00243488 wearing face masks. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00986-00243542-00243666 And even as a normal hearer 7PYhwy3XTPM-00987-00243666-00243883 I, struggle to understand 7PYhwy3XTPM-00988-00243883-00244041 because it just taken away 7PYhwy3XTPM-00989-00244041-00244194 this facial lip cue, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00990-00244196-00244292 which I didn't really 7PYhwy3XTPM-00991-00244292-00244417 even know I was using. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00992-00244528-00244651 But now that I don't have it, 7PYhwy3XTPM-00993-00244653-00244833 I-I have I-I find 7PYhwy3XTPM-00994-00244833-00244936 I just need to concentrate 7PYhwy3XTPM-00995-00244938-00245115 harder on understanding. 7PYhwy3XTPM-00996-00245171-00245556 So yeah, we do encourage when it's used for the tablet 7PYhwy3XTPM-00997-00245587-00245688 to be placed close 7PYhwy3XTPM-00998-00245689-00245813 to the person's face 7PYhwy3XTPM-00999-00245814-00246121 so that they can don't have to do a full head 7PYhwy3XTPM-01000-00246121-00246317 turn to turn between the tablet 7PYhwy3XTPM-01001-00246357-00246496 and the person speaking. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01002-00246576-00246687 We're encouraging people 7PYhwy3XTPM-01003-00246687-00247131 to pause more after this, while in between, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01004-00247137-00247233 Sentences so that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01005-00247310-00247467 the person who's reading the caption 7PYhwy3XTPM-01006-00247467-00247761 and has time to basically catch up. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01007-00247819-00247942 We found a lot of people 7PYhwy3XTPM-01008-00247942-00248114 saying they like the captions 7PYhwy3XTPM-01009-00248219-00248364 to confirm what they've heard. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01010-00248371-00248696 So a lot of people may be listening 7PYhwy3XTPM-01011-00248700-00248928 and be able to, recognize all the words, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01012-00248928-00249309 but maybe it takes a little bit longer 7PYhwy3XTPM-01013-00249323-00249526 for them to process and understand 7PYhwy3XTPM-01014-00249577-00249742 and really get a good 7PYhwy3XTPM-01015-00249742-00249830 enough understanding 7PYhwy3XTPM-01016-00249830-00250069 to be able to engage fully 7PYhwy3XTPM-01017-00250069-00250190 in the conversation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01018-00250201-00250346 Yeah, definitely positioning 7PYhwy3XTPM-01019-00250346-00250498 of the screen is really important. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01020-00250517-00250693 Of course, when we all do 7PYhwy3XTPM-01021-00250709-00250921 have augmented reality glasses 7PYhwy3XTPM-01022-00250926-00251112 that may make things a lot easier, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01023-00251130-00251651 but until that becomes more available and then affordable 7PYhwy3XTPM-01024-00251654-00251780 for the average person, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01025-00251914-00252080 certainly there are 7PYhwy3XTPM-01026-00252110-00252267 definitely things you can do 7PYhwy3XTPM-01027-00252267-00252486 with the existing technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-01028-00252489-00252607 to make it easier 7PYhwy3XTPM-01029-00252614-00252909 and hopefully we can pass more 7PYhwy3XTPM-01030-00252928-00253126 of those acceptability barriers. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01031-00253146-00253357 So is it acceptable for use? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01032-00253371-00253552 Is it a usable thing? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01033-00253623-00253789 If we can't get past that, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01034-00253828-00253959 then it doesn't matter how good 7PYhwy3XTPM-01035-00253967-00254219 the technology is people will just, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01036-00254223-00254254 Come up 7PYhwy3XTPM-01037-00254254-00254387 with other strategies. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01038-00254541-00254694 So but then it sounds to me 7PYhwy3XTPM-01039-00254705-00254900 that you had actually 7PYhwy3XTPM-01040-00254967-00255121 a lucky situation that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01041-00255123-00255366 because people were wearing a face mask, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01042-00255398-00255633 they lost lip-reading anyway, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01043-00255677-00255990 and the step to using a tablet 7PYhwy3XTPM-01044-00255992-00256375 then for reading text was smaller. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01045-00256386-00256558 And it could be that as soon as people 7PYhwy3XTPM-01046-00256558-00256830 get familiar with this technology, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01047-00256859-00257010 then in the future, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01048-00257010-00257252 we'll find maybe hybrid ways 7PYhwy3XTPM-01049-00257252-00257460 of how to use this technology. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01050-00257546-00257784 And in your approach in developing, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01051-00257785-00258013 I read you followed a more 7PYhwy3XTPM-01052-00258016-00258408 holistic approach in in your design. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01053-00258410-00258619 Is there something in particular 7PYhwy3XTPM-01054-00258619-00258780 that help you here in better 7PYhwy3XTPM-01055-00259013-00259353 finding the the needs and how to maybe 7PYhwy3XTPM-01056-00259359-00259742 change your design in this process? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01057-00259765-00259953 Yeah, we followed what's known 7PYhwy3XTPM-01058-00259953-00260134 as a design thinking process. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01059-00260135-00260396 So really starting from the customer 7PYhwy3XTPM-01060-00260396-00260541 and the user point of view, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01061-00260584-00260721 what are their problems and needs? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01062-00260744-00260929 And as you've just, mentioned, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01063-00260935-00261188 the mask really heightened that need. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01064-00261379-00261813 Generally, the people with a disability 7PYhwy3XTPM-01065-00261814-00261921 are your first adopters 7PYhwy3XTPM-01066-00261921-00262051 of such a technology. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01067-00262091-00262252 With masks, it basically 7PYhwy3XTPM-01068-00262252-00262406 gave everyone a disability 7PYhwy3XTPM-01069-00262443-00262678 and when we really make that need 7PYhwy3XTPM-01070-00262684-00262767 so much stronger, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01071-00262852-00263019 it does reduce that barrier. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01072-00263019-00263138 It makes it more likely 7PYhwy3XTPM-01073-00263147-00263350 that that technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-01074-00263411-00263528 can be more mainstream 7PYhwy3XTPM-01075-00263528-00263844 and picked up by more people. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01076-00263866-00263981 Yeah, we went through a 7PYhwy3XTPM-01077-00264025-00264075 [inaudible] 7PYhwy3XTPM-01078-00264079-00264282 process of understanding the need, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01079-00264343-00264485 coming up with a prototype, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01080-00264485-00264524 and putting 7PYhwy3XTPM-01081-00264524-00264708 something out there. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01082-00264708-00264849 Our first version of NalScribe 7PYhwy3XTPM-01083-00264849-00265029 was really basic. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01084-00265029-00265108 It really had 7PYhwy3XTPM-01085-00265209-00265342 very little features, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01086-00265463-00265805 and as we would talk 7PYhwy3XTPM-01087-00265806-00265909 to our users, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01088-00265909-00266073 we found things like 7PYhwy3XTPM-01089-00266073-00266235 they really wanted the privacy. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01090-00266239-00266491 They wanted that offline mode 7PYhwy3XTPM-01091-00266511-00266619 for a clinical setting. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01092-00266674-00266897 They wanted the screen 7PYhwy3XTPM-01093-00266897-00266981 automatically cleared 7PYhwy3XTPM-01094-00266981-00267216 when they used it 7PYhwy3XTPM-01095-00267230-00267436 in a reception counter use case, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01096-00267438-00267545 where you don't want 7PYhwy3XTPM-01097-00267659-00267808 the next person in line 7PYhwy3XTPM-01098-00267809-00268046 to see what the previous conversation 7PYhwy3XTPM-01099-00268059-00268253 that was had between two people. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01100-00268293-00268503 So all these little things would, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01101-00268559-00268718 yeah, we we took note of, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01102-00268719-00268871 and we could incorporate 7PYhwy3XTPM-01103-00268871-00268982 that into our app. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01104-00269219-00269264 Nice. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01105-00269264-00269642 And and I think, Dimitri, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01106-00269642-00269927 I-I saw you wrote this paper 7PYhwy3XTPM-01107-00269929-00270147 about different use cases 7PYhwy3XTPM-01108-00270147-00270551 and some of those use cases are also covered by by Nicky, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01109-00270551-00270705 but I also saw the example 7PYhwy3XTPM-01110-00270706-00270850 of, for instance, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01111-00270851-00270964 students listening 7PYhwy3XTPM-01112-00270964-00271258 to a professor in a lesson. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01113-00271292-00271604 And when you're briefly interrupted 7PYhwy3XTPM-01114-00271604-00271702 by something else, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01115-00271710-00271853 a message on your phone, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01116-00271853-00271995 and then you want to get 7PYhwy3XTPM-01117-00271996-00272193 into the story again, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01118-00272194-00272365 you can read the transcript, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01119-00272399-00272554 and that way it could be, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01120-00272599-00272914 of course, also come in handy for people 7PYhwy3XTPM-01121-00272933-00273057 without a hearing loss. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01122-00273192-00273549 And, Dimitri, did you for getting 7PYhwy3XTPM-01123-00273571-00273700 to these use cases, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01124-00273700-00273930 what kind of strategy 7PYhwy3XTPM-01125-00273933-00274024 did you follow? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01126-00274025-00274271 Was it based on what you 7PYhwy3XTPM-01127-00274290-00274396 experienced yourself 7PYhwy3XTPM-01128-00274396-00274588 or did you also ask 7PYhwy3XTPM-01129-00274596-00274927 other people with hearing loss? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01130-00275260-00275347 I hope my question 7PYhwy3XTPM-01131-00275347-00275534 was transcribed clearly. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01132-00275554-00275883 We indeed considered 7PYhwy3XTPM-01133-00275982-00276168 various strategies, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01134-00276429-00276561 and sometimes 7PYhwy3XTPM-01135-00276576-00276667 we don't want to listen 7PYhwy3XTPM-01136-00276667-00277041 to transcripts to meeting all time. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01137-00278002-00278079 You indeed want 7PYhwy3XTPM-01138-00278079-00278092 to do something else, maybe you're bored 7PYhwy3XTPM-01139-00278092-00278207 a little bit with meeting, and we got interesting 7PYhwy3XTPM-01140-00278258-00278453 message in your phone. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01141-00278532-00278769 So you can look into phone, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01142-00278971-00279153 then you can miss something 7PYhwy3XTPM-01143-00279153-00279489 that where glasses were very useful. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01144-00279489-00279824 I don't know if you saw 7PYhwy3XTPM-01145-00279824-00280048 we already published paper 7PYhwy3XTPM-01146-00280104-00280654 about using transcription in glasses. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01147-00280654-00280719 I don't know if you saw this. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01148-00280729-00280837 I didn't see it yet, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01149-00280837-00280920 but I see Jessica nodding. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01150-00280930-00280968 Yes. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01151-00280968-00281054 So how was that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01152-00281054-00281231 experience with the glasses? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01153-00281231-00281282 And it shows how nice 7PYhwy3XTPM-01154-00281282-00281404 if you have glasses when you interact, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01155-00281404-00281472 it shows video where I have 7PYhwy3XTPM-01156-00282156-00282972 dinner with a lot of people. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01157-00283473-00283499 So I don't need to put on [inaudible] , mobil phone 7PYhwy3XTPM-01158-00283499-00283518 and to look on transcription. I'm enjoying. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01159-00283518-00283845 I'm looking at everybody. I can eat and follow transcripts. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01160-00283888-00284493 So back to your example. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01161-00284677-00284796 I can do something else, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01162-00284796-00284941 but transcription running in glasses, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01163-00284941-00285116 and I continue to follow transcription 7PYhwy3XTPM-01164-00285116-00285261 of what is being spoken. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01165-00285261-00285465 But we also have in live transcribe, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01166-00285465-00285642 it vibrates if somebody calls me. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01167-00286096-00286203 So if I'm using live transcribe 7PYhwy3XTPM-01168-00286203-00286556 and also integrated with my haptic device, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01169-00286556-00287245 if somebody called me, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01170-00287246-00287388 Dimitri, it start to vibrate. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01171-00287388-00287425 I know people are calling me. So this all users cases scenarios 7PYhwy3XTPM-01172-00287425-00287475 we can see there. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01173-00287605-00287624 You're absolutely right. Glasses change 7PYhwy3XTPM-01174-00287624-00287636 human interaction completely. You can easily 7PYhwy3XTPM-01175-00287636-00287690 follow presentation as well you read 7PYhwy3XTPM-01176-00287917-00289791 captioning in this place 7PYhwy3XTPM-01177-00289791-00289895 and lecture point 7PYhwy3XTPM-01178-00289900-00289952 to something. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01179-00289952-00290093 And you do not know 7PYhwy3XTPM-01180-00290093-00290430 what he pointed at in glass, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01181-00290430-00291381 you see what was 7PYhwy3XTPM-01182-00291381-00291411 pointed in slides 7PYhwy3XTPM-01183-00291411-00291452 and in your transcription. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01184-00291452-00291513 We describe all these user cases. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01185-00291526-00291628 And and, Dimitri, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01186-00291628-00291924 are you using all these technologies 7PYhwy3XTPM-01187-00291927-00292074 now in in daily life? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01188-00292074-00292410 So if you have dinner with friends, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01189-00292411-00292700 you are using already these glasses? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01190-00292866-00293060 Sometimes I'm using 7PYhwy3XTPM-01191-00293060-00293169 these glasses. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01192-00293257-00293375 And what are reasons for you 7PYhwy3XTPM-01193-00293375-00294123 then not to do it? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01194-00294123-00294398 Now now I do not need. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01195-00294398-00294626 You are convenient. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01196-00294626-00294778 Not really. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01197-00294778-00295161 I'm not planning to start 7PYhwy3XTPM-01198-00295163-00295363 to watch my phone mainly... 7PYhwy3XTPM-01199-00295364-00295449 Yeah. Yeah, Okay. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01200-00295566-00295630 While you're talking. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01201-00295630-00295692 We we have 7PYhwy3XTPM-01202-00295692-00295783 your full attention 7PYhwy3XTPM-01203-00295784-00295834 To you. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01204-00296076-00296204 Okay, cool. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01205-00296332-00296389 Let's see, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01206-00296392-00296702 for this this for this round 7PYhwy3XTPM-01207-00296702-00296939 of other potential applications. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01208-00296975-00297187 I think there's, of course, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01209-00297226-00297304 most important 7PYhwy3XTPM-01210-00297308-00297547 the the user the end-user, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01211-00297550-00297797 the person with hearing loss, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01212-00297853-00298110 but also the clinician could be 7PYhwy3XTPM-01213-00298110-00298308 a-a-a user of this technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-01214-00298308-00298464 or play a-a role. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01215-00298516-00298875 What role do you see for clinicians 7PYhwy3XTPM-01216-00298876-00299299 in either promoting this technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-01217-00299311-00299639 better for prospective users 7PYhwy3XTPM-01218-00299679-00299951 or to help in validating 7PYhwy3XTPM-01219-00299976-00300061 the technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-01220-00300067-00300279 or improving the technology? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01221-00300365-00300498 What are your thoughts? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01222-00300501-00300885 And let's say if I don't give a turn 7PYhwy3XTPM-01223-00300887-00301104 how this will work now in the system, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01224-00301131-00301471 so feel free to answer. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01225-00301554-00301648 Take the initiative. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01226-00302562-00302624 I was just gonna talk a bit 7PYhwy3XTPM-01227-00302676-00302836 about how I thought it was 7PYhwy3XTPM-01228-00303033-00303120 particularly useful 7PYhwy3XTPM-01229-00303148-00303401 for medical situations. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01230-00303462-00303683 So we know that people with hearing 7PYhwy3XTPM-01231-00303683-00304047 difficulties are disadvantaged, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01232-00304047-00304209 so they have worse health outcomes 7PYhwy3XTPM-01233-00304218-00304539 and higher rates of rehospitalization, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01234-00304539-00304757 low compliance 7PYhwy3XTPM-01235-00304867-00304934 with medication, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01236-00304934-00305061 and all of these factors 7PYhwy3XTPM-01237-00305101-00305372 are magnified 7PYhwy3XTPM-01238-00305373-00305558 if they if they have said 7PYhwy3XTPM-01239-00305559-00305759 that they have poor communication 7PYhwy3XTPM-01240-00305759-00305843 with their physician. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01241-00305892-00306056 So I think in that situation 7PYhwy3XTPM-01242-00306073-00306351 it's really really valuable 7PYhwy3XTPM-01243-00306351-00306407 for the clinician 7PYhwy3XTPM-01244-00306432-00306652 that they know that the information the 7PYhwy3XTPM-01245-00306654-00306748 important information 7PYhwy3XTPM-01246-00306748-00306896 that they they're trying to get across 7PYhwy3XTPM-01247-00306898-00307139 is actually it has been understood. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01248-00307241-00307414 And also, this possibility 7PYhwy3XTPM-01249-00307414-00307546 of then having a transcript 7PYhwy3XTPM-01250-00307550-00307803 that they can the patient can take home 7PYhwy3XTPM-01251-00307840-00308018 or they can share with a-a carer. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01252-00308166-00308274 And, yeah, hopefully, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01253-00308274-00308676 that should improve the situation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01254-00308774-00308930 Yeah, improve outcomes a lot. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01255-00308930-00308975 But in terms of actually validating it in the clinic, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01256-00308975-00309780 I think, if we if we have so 7PYhwy3XTPM-01257-00309780-00309979 we did we did tests in the clinics 7PYhwy3XTPM-01258-00309979-00310141 and we did some questionnaires. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01259-00310187-00310354 And I think the the value 7PYhwy3XTPM-01260-00310354-00310425 there is really 7PYhwy3XTPM-01261-00310426-00310574 that it it demonstrates 7PYhwy3XTPM-01262-00310652-00310736 to the clinicians 7PYhwy3XTPM-01263-00310736-00310930 that this is a worthwhile thing to do, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01264-00310934-00311090 that there's actual benefits 7PYhwy3XTPM-01265-00311094-00311423 because of course they, they do have a lot of skills, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01266-00311486-00311536 particularly audiologists 7PYhwy3XTPM-01267-00311615-00311815 at communicating 7PYhwy3XTPM-01268-00311855-00311989 with hearing-impaired people. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01269-00312009-00312216 So they may not feel that they actually 7PYhwy3XTPM-01270-00312229-00312425 need any any help with that. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01271-00312425-00312555 That's what they do every day. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01272-00312599-00312810 And so it gives them some confidence 7PYhwy3XTPM-01273-00312811-00312980 that actually clients 7PYhwy3XTPM-01274-00312980-00313195 do find a benefit 7PYhwy3XTPM-01275-00313303-00313446 and it's it's valuable. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01276-00313448-00313614 And also, that helps them to justify, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01277-00313614-00313777 To the clinic owners, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01278-00313814-00313965 but if there's some expense 7PYhwy3XTPM-01279-00313968-00314272 or some some time that's needed 7PYhwy3XTPM-01280-00314286-00314409 to to get these systems 7PYhwy3XTPM-01281-00314410-00314594 set up that it's worthwhile, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01282-00314595-00314784 that it's providing benefit 7PYhwy3XTPM-01283-00314787-00314909 and increasing satisfaction. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01284-00315105-00315201 Thank you, Jessica. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01285-00315201-00315429 And also, interesting point you 7PYhwy3XTPM-01286-00315429-00315582 raise of clinicians 7PYhwy3XTPM-01287-00315584-00315667 actually being 7PYhwy3XTPM-01288-00315667-00315784 maybe a-a barrier 7PYhwy3XTPM-01289-00315784-00316009 sometimes if they feel that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01290-00316009-00316151 they they don't need a tech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01291-00316152-00316427 'cause they're already taking into 7PYhwy3XTPM-01292-00316427-00316649 accounts in their communication. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01293-00316735-00316856 Nicky, did you find this 7PYhwy3XTPM-01294-00316863-00317081 in in your pilots 7PYhwy3XTPM-01295-00317089-00317419 that clinicians were not open 7PYhwy3XTPM-01296-00317421-00317572 to this technology? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01297-00317763-00318100 I think in our in our pilot 7PYhwy3XTPM-01298-00318162-00318251 Our clinicians were 7PYhwy3XTPM-01299-00318251-00318499 very encouraged to try it out. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01300-00318622-00318846 I think it was maybe more of a barrier 7PYhwy3XTPM-01301-00318846-00319097 from the the client point of view, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01302-00319097-00319266 who thought depending 7PYhwy3XTPM-01303-00319290-00319439 on the degree of hearing loss, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01304-00319486-00319666 if someone doesn't have 7PYhwy3XTPM-01305-00319666-00319785 a severe hearing loss, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01306-00319785-00319899 they would say, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01307-00319909-00320255 "No, I don't need it, I'm okay." 7PYhwy3XTPM-01308-00320255-00320427 But, through our own experience, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01309-00320427-00320573 we thought even just as 7PYhwy3XTPM-01310-00320573-00320668 an assistive thing 7PYhwy3XTPM-01311-00320668-00320837 you're not relying on the captions, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01312-00320864-00321147 but just having it there can be helpful. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01313-00321150-00321303 So we were trying to encourage 7PYhwy3XTPM-01314-00321304-00321546 more and more people to use it, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01315-00321574-00321749 or at least just experience it, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01316-00321749-00321893 the, for a little bit 7PYhwy3XTPM-01317-00322013-00322271 just to see how how they thought of it 7PYhwy3XTPM-01318-00322281-00322447 because you don't really know, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01319-00322497-00322613 It's with any technology, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01320-00322613-00322887 you don't really know what it does 7PYhwy3XTPM-01321-00322907-00323072 until you actually try it. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01322-00323131-00323514 And I think also with a-a good way 7PYhwy3XTPM-01323-00323514-00323585 that clinicians 7PYhwy3XTPM-01324-00323585-00323814 can help to show this technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-01325-00323814-00323842 to especially our older clients who aren't so tech-savvy 7PYhwy3XTPM-01326-00323842-00325017 and haven't experienced, discovered this on their phones 7PYhwy3XTPM-01327-00325017-00325088 for themselves. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01328-00325249-00325623 We had some clients say, "Wow, this is this is amazing." 7PYhwy3XTPM-01329-00325687-00325876 And we're like, there are 7PYhwy3XTPM-01330-00325879-00326048 other apps that have been around, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01331-00326052-00326103 At least a few years 7PYhwy3XTPM-01332-00326135-00326322 or so that that have been doing this, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01333-00326325-00326634 it's not, groundbreaking new novel right now. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01334-00326639-00326826 Yeah, giving that introduction 7PYhwy3XTPM-01335-00326886-00327217 to to more people can the clinicians 7PYhwy3XTPM-01336-00327230-00327336 can help us in that way. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01337-00327336-00327576 And then just one other point 7PYhwy3XTPM-01338-00327576-00327966 I wanted to make is we know that an improved client 7PYhwy3XTPM-01339-00327971-00328090 clinician relationship 7PYhwy3XTPM-01340-00328094-00328213 leads to better hearing 7PYhwy3XTPM-01341-00328213-00328352 outcomes in the clinic. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01342-00328391-00328650 And definitely introducing 7PYhwy3XTPM-01343-00328650-00328746 live captions 7PYhwy3XTPM-01344-00328751-00328927 and being able to make that client 7PYhwy3XTPM-01345-00328928-00329051 feel more valued, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01346-00329051-00329588 more included, we understand your difficulties, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01347-00329597-00329746 and this is what we are doing 7PYhwy3XTPM-01348-00329758-00329862 to take steps to, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01349-00329907-00330004 Improve that for you. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01350-00330057-00330377 I think that can really add to the 7PYhwy3XTPM-01351-00330377-00330554 rapport and the relationship building, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01352-00330571-00330663 Not just in the clinic, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01353-00330665-00331047 but in in personal situations as well. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01354-00331052-00331144 Yeah, that's that's 7PYhwy3XTPM-01355-00331146-00331274 another good advantage. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01356-00331378-00331495 And for clinicians 7PYhwy3XTPM-01357-00331495-00331769 now maybe listening to this podcast, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01358-00331890-00332230 do you recommend oh, there's a kind of minimum 7PYhwy3XTPM-01359-00332231-00332483 hearing loss or a type of persons 7PYhwy3XTPM-01360-00332483-00332760 that you say you should definitely recommend 7PYhwy3XTPM-01361-00332762-00332918 them to use these apps? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01362-00333097-00333167 We certainly 7PYhwy3XTPM-01363-00333167-00333473 recommend it for, more severe hearing 7PYhwy3XTPM-01364-00333473-00333637 losses or complex cases, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01365-00333637-00333849 but it it can help over 7PYhwy3XTPM-01366-00333849-00333960 a very wide range. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01367-00333960-00334232 So I wouldn't say don't offer it 7PYhwy3XTPM-01368-00334238-00334582 to people with more mild hearing losses, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01369-00334582-00334870 cause then it it also works well 7PYhwy3XTPM-01370-00334870-00334967 in appointments 7PYhwy3XTPM-01371-00334967-00335159 where there's a partner, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01372-00335159-00335352 a significant other there. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01373-00335352-00335640 It has a lot of, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01374-00335640-00335736 wide-ranging benefits. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01375-00335736-00335969 So definitely the people 7PYhwy3XTPM-01376-00335970-00336157 with severe hearing loss 7PYhwy3XTPM-01377-00336157-00336181 were more excited about it and and we could definitely tell 7PYhwy3XTPM-01378-00336181-00336193 that they they gained, Most benefit, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01379-00336193-00336214 but I think there is benefit there for everyone. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01380-00336214-00336533 And and do you think it could also work the other way around 7PYhwy3XTPM-01381-00336533-00337863 that people experience 7PYhwy3XTPM-01382-00337873-00338002 benefits of these apps, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01383-00338003-00338153 that then they are also more open 7PYhwy3XTPM-01384-00338154-00338486 for other assistive technologies? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01385-00338610-00338710 Yes, certainly. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01386-00338716-00338937 And even, as I'm talking here 7PYhwy3XTPM-01387-00338937-00339057 and we are reading our captions, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01388-00339146-00339290 it does encourage me 7PYhwy3XTPM-01389-00339290-00339550 to speak more clearly and more slowly 7PYhwy3XTPM-01390-00339562-00339724 and enunciate better 7PYhwy3XTPM-01391-00339796-00339973 to make sure that I'm, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01392-00339998-00340051 Understood. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01393-00340123-00340467 So I think it does yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01394-00340469-00340596 it's also helping me, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01395-00340629-00340690 even though I'm not 7PYhwy3XTPM-01396-00340690-00340880 relying I actually do have audio 7PYhwy3XTPM-01397-00340883-00340998 through the speakers now. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01398-00341078-00341231 Okay. I'm not relying on just 7PYhwy3XTPM-01399-00341246-00341628 the captions to understand. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01400-00341669-00341784 Yeah, it is helping 7PYhwy3XTPM-01401-00341807-00341980 training my voice better 7PYhwy3XTPM-01402-00341985-00342130 and, as you've mentioned, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01403-00342133-00342279 we all have different accents 7PYhwy3XTPM-01404-00342282-00342506 and, little nuances 7PYhwy3XTPM-01405-00342531-00342644 in the way we speak. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01406-00342699-00342932 Yeah, it it it helps that part 7PYhwy3XTPM-01407-00342932-00343169 of the speaker's communication, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01408-00343174-00343273 not just the listener. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01409-00343309-00343359 Yeah. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01410-00343387-00343488 Yeah, you're correct. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01411-00343488-00343707 It gives feedback both 7PYhwy3XTPM-01412-00343708-00343950 to the listener as the talker. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01413-00344015-00344393 And both can learn from it. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01414-00344393-00344584 Expect it it will also improve 7PYhwy3XTPM-01415-00344584-00344699 my English, for instance, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01416-00344699-00344856 by just seeing when 7PYhwy3XTPM-01417-00344856-00345068 there are regular errors. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01418-00345069-00345436 So that's interesting that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01419-00345437-00345732 this feedback can be used 7PYhwy3XTPM-01420-00345751-00345878 for for training, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01421-00345928-00346128 or I can also imagine that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01422-00346130-00346285 for some people it could help 7PYhwy3XTPM-01423-00346285-00346597 to just focus you have one channel of information 7PYhwy3XTPM-01424-00346597-00346922 instead of many different modes 7PYhwy3XTPM-01425-00346944-00347153 and that it could help with people 7PYhwy3XTPM-01426-00347153-00347372 with attention deficits. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01427-00347426-00347530 Jessica, I see you 7PYhwy3XTPM-01428-00347544-00347598 raise your hand. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01429-00347598-00347817 I was I was just going 7PYhwy3XTPM-01430-00347818-00347940 to make a comment about that. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01431-00347943-00348263 It reminded me there's a campaign 7PYhwy3XTPM-01432-00348271-00348385 in the U.K. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01433-00348410-00348480 at the moment, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01434-00348539-00348678 that parents should switch 7PYhwy3XTPM-01435-00348678-00348945 on subtitles on their televisions 7PYhwy3XTPM-01436-00348980-00349102 because research has shown 7PYhwy3XTPM-01437-00349133-00349331 that it helps children to learn 7PYhwy3XTPM-01438-00349331-00349471 to who are learning to read 7PYhwy3XTPM-01439-00349506-00349657 and improve their reading ability. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01440-00349732-00349776 So I thought that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01441-00349776-00349876 was an interesting 7PYhwy3XTPM-01442-00349876-00349926 Yes, that's 7PYhwy3XTPM-01443-00349936-00350157 Yeah, use of the technology. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01444-00350266-00350368 A nice example 7PYhwy3XTPM-01445-00350368-00350637 of something probably not foreseen 7PYhwy3XTPM-01446-00350638-00350821 when developing the technology. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01447-00350824-00351160 And I guess that if there 7PYhwy3XTPM-01448-00351160-00351306 is a widespread 7PYhwy3XTPM-01449-00351306-00351527 use of both the speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01450-00351527-00351653 recognition systems, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01451-00351677-00351829 but also, for instance, these earbuds 7PYhwy3XTPM-01452-00352039-00352243 I see many young people wearing it 7PYhwy3XTPM-01453-00352246-00352566 and it reduces the stigma also of using 7PYhwy3XTPM-01454-00352618-00352743 hearing aids, for instance, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01455-00352744-00352867 because any everybody 7PYhwy3XTPM-01456-00352869-00353005 has something in their ears. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01457-00353007-00353184 And if everybody gets used 7PYhwy3XTPM-01458-00353184-00353534 to close caption, for instance, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01459-00353538-00353626 now in the Netherlands 7PYhwy3XTPM-01460-00353630-00353795 would look really funny 7PYhwy3XTPM-01461-00353797-00354190 if a person would get 7PYhwy3XTPM-01462-00354262-00354338 close caption 7PYhwy3XTPM-01463-00354339-00354453 because that's only done 7PYhwy3XTPM-01464-00354471-00354641 for people with dialects. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01465-00354744-00354910 And but that so then 7PYhwy3XTPM-01466-00354971-00355094 it would be maybe good 7PYhwy3XTPM-01467-00355095-00355262 if everybody on television 7PYhwy3XTPM-01468-00355299-00355353 would receive 7PYhwy3XTPM-01469-00355355-00355520 close caption also for having those 7PYhwy3XTPM-01470-00355630-00355904 people who need this or are complaining 7PYhwy3XTPM-01471-00355956-00356187 that they cannot 7PYhwy3XTPM-01472-00356187-00356411 follow interviews. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01473-00356479-00356603 And it brings me 7PYhwy3XTPM-01474-00356603-00356709 maybe to another question 7PYhwy3XTPM-01475-00356709-00356961 that one of the main complaints 7PYhwy3XTPM-01476-00356961-00357185 that my patients tell me 7PYhwy3XTPM-01477-00357192-00357378 is that they want to better 7PYhwy3XTPM-01478-00357378-00357565 understand their grandchildren. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01479-00357639-00357962 And a big problem is that the children 7PYhwy3XTPM-01480-00357973-00358141 are moving around all the time, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01481-00358141-00358386 but also, they have voices that are 7PYhwy3XTPM-01482-00358451-00358812 probably less familiar to the systems 7PYhwy3XTPM-01483-00358815-00358913 'cause there's not 7PYhwy3XTPM-01484-00358913-00359127 so much recordings on YouTube 7PYhwy3XTPM-01485-00359131-00359356 of three-year-old 7PYhwy3XTPM-01486-00359409-00359658 or five four or five-year-old children. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01487-00359716-00359936 So Dimitri do you think 7PYhwy3XTPM-01488-00359936-00360070 there are solutions for this? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01489-00360070-00360380 'Cause I would put it high on the 7PYhwy3XTPM-01490-00360381-00360683 priorities for future developments. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01491-00361387-00361909 I do have patents 7PYhwy3XTPM-01492-00361909-00362133 that I received at IBM 7PYhwy3XTPM-01493-00362250-00362397 for speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-01494-00362475-00362914 that learn to recognize babies 7PYhwy3XTPM-01495-00362914-00363693 while baby are crying. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01496-00363703-00363753 Do they have stomach? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01497-00363780-00364665 Or these [inaudible] 7PYhwy3XTPM-01498-00364741-00364873 or something and suggestion 7PYhwy3XTPM-01499-00364873-00364905 to create this data came expert who spent 7PYhwy3XTPM-01500-00364905-00364950 a lot of time with babies. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01501-00364950-00364978 They can interpret when baby are crying. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01502-00364978-00365005 So they could teach speech recognition system. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01503-00365005-00365057 The parents who have their first baby they could rely on this system. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01504-00365057-00365068 Wow. That's that's wonderful. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01505-00365068-00365108 But I remember reading in news that this was developed. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01506-00365108-00365135 Maybe it was developed. I don't know. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01507-00365135-00365171 I also had similar system to recognize dog barks. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01508-00365171-00365222 If you found the system was developed, it would be nice to see. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01509-00365222-00365262 So if I understand well then the system was warning 7PYhwy3XTPM-01510-00365262-00365653 and it could either be a dog barking or a baby crying or? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01511-00365655-00365760 It could explain 7PYhwy3XTPM-01512-00365760-00366738 why dog is barking. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01513-00366738-00366788 [Inaudible] 7PYhwy3XTPM-01514-00366788-00366838 dog hungry. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01515-00366838-00366870 Or somebody trying to enter the house. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01517-00372246-00372503 and and sound 7PYhwy3XTPM-01518-00372503-00372636 aware spacial awareness 7PYhwy3XTPM-01519-00372639-00372884 a really important feature. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01520-00372885-00372997 Jessica, I see you have 7PYhwy3XTPM-01521-00373049-00373205 another comment or question. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01522-00373309-00373384 So yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01523-00373424-00373599 so that sounds really I would like 7PYhwy3XTPM-01524-00373599-00373835 a to have had a baby interpreter, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01525-00373871-00373960 I can tell you. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01526-00374080-00374312 But I-I saw there was a paper 7PYhwy3XTPM-01527-00374328-00374547 from Google 7PYhwy3XTPM-01528-00374662-00375151 or maybe from DeepMind about speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01529-00375151-00375316 recognition with from children. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01530-00375377-00375481 They because they have 7PYhwy3XTPM-01531-00375481-00375654 this YouTube kids app, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01532-00375699-00375886 they actually have a big database 7PYhwy3XTPM-01533-00375889-00376011 of children's speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01534-00376051-00376251 from them trying to interact 7PYhwy3XTPM-01535-00376251-00376319 with this tablet. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01536-00376323-00376612 And they did try 7PYhwy3XTPM-01537-00376612-00376962 applying a-a-a system 7PYhwy3XTPM-01538-00376962-00377134 trained with with children's speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01539-00377195-00377488 to try and improve the recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-01540-00377488-00377590 and then got 7PYhwy3XTPM-01541-00377590-00377873 a-a small increase in accuracy. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01542-00377874-00377947 So I thought that was 7PYhwy3XTPM-01543-00377985-00378054 really interesting 7PYhwy3XTPM-01544-00378089-00378220 that they had had 7PYhwy3XTPM-01545-00378222-00378291 this database. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01546-00378364-00378521 So that's a voice control 7PYhwy3XTPM-01547-00378521-00378732 by toddlers that's collected 7PYhwy3XTPM-01548-00378732-00378960 and and this way 7PYhwy3XTPM-01549-00378960-00379141 they can better command 7PYhwy3XTPM-01550-00379142-00379261 their grandparents 7PYhwy3XTPM-01551-00379262-00379331 in the future. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01552-00379488-00379556 That's right. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01553-00379714-00379764 Good idea. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01554-00380064-00380364 But one objection 7PYhwy3XTPM-01555-00380364-00380388 when we are discussing developing such systems 7PYhwy3XTPM-01556-00380388-00381286 this will prevent toddlers 7PYhwy3XTPM-01557-00381323-00381396 to improve their pronunciation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01558-00381411-00381526 Yeah. Now they're trying 7PYhwy3XTPM-01559-00381530-00381582 to speak better so parents understand them. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01560-00381582-00382130 But if everybody understands them 7PYhwy3XTPM-01561-00382167-00382225 no matter what they mumble, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01562-00382225-00382256 it will be a big problem 7PYhwy3XTPM-01563-00382256-00383159 for their development. Nicky, I see you want to respond? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01564-00383159-00383540 I see. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01565-00383616-00383662 Yes, sorry. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01566-00383662-00383793 Yeah, I-I just had a thought 7PYhwy3XTPM-01567-00383806-00383988 when you said that I-I think 7PYhwy3XTPM-01568-00383988-00384304 an an application of automated speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01569-00384304-00384585 recognition could be in speech therapy 7PYhwy3XTPM-01570-00384589-00384780 and training children 7PYhwy3XTPM-01571-00384780-00385014 who have speech deficits 7PYhwy3XTPM-01572-00385032-00385236 or trouble 7PYhwy3XTPM-01573-00385240-00385591 pronouncing certain sounds to help them 7PYhwy3XTPM-01574-00385651-00385850 develop their speech more. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01575-00385977-00386169 So yeah, as as an application 7PYhwy3XTPM-01576-00386194-00386417 to get have a, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01577-00386420-00386580 Automated recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-01578-00386587-00386729 give the child feedback. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01579-00386737-00387051 And I know even in, my own circumstances 7PYhwy3XTPM-01580-00387051-00387221 we have a Google Home 7PYhwy3XTPM-01581-00387262-00387562 and my son will ask it a question 7PYhwy3XTPM-01582-00387562-00387636 in the morning 7PYhwy3XTPM-01583-00387736-00388006 and Google says very politely, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01584-00388007-00388246 ''Sorry, I didn't understand that.'' 7PYhwy3XTPM-01585-00388279-00388571 And so he'll repeat and change 7PYhwy3XTPM-01586-00388571-00388606 the way 7PYhwy3XTPM-01587-00388606-00388781 he's speaking to speak more clearly 7PYhwy3XTPM-01588-00388782-00389207 so that Google understands. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01589-00389207-00389261 And I think it's a good way to do it 7PYhwy3XTPM-01590-00389261-00389457 because as a parent when I was trying 7PYhwy3XTPM-01591-00389458-00389652 to do therapy with my child, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01592-00389752-00389883 You can you try not to, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01593-00389937-00390045 A little bit impatient, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01594-00390127-00390294 but, an automated system 7PYhwy3XTPM-01595-00390294-00390348 and computer, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01596-00390368-00390410 Has all 7PYhwy3XTPM-01597-00390410-00390514 the time in the world 7PYhwy3XTPM-01598-00390600-00390802 and can be quite engaging 7PYhwy3XTPM-01599-00390805-00390959 for a child to interact with. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01600-00390959-00391151 So yeah, another application 7PYhwy3XTPM-01601-00391155-00391327 for speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01602-00391555-00391827 Yes, and so 7PYhwy3XTPM-01603-00391827-00392024 there's machine learning, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01604-00392024-00392119 but this is more about 7PYhwy3XTPM-01605-00392139-00392289 the the human learning. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01606-00392291-00392715 And then I wonder 7PYhwy3XTPM-01607-00392736-00392769 How 7PYhwy3XTPM-01608-00392769-00392914 do you get 7PYhwy3XTPM-01609-00392914-00393116 the right direction of the learning? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01610-00393123-00393263 If the machines 7PYhwy3XTPM-01611-00393266-00393408 would adapt too fast 7PYhwy3XTPM-01612-00393408-00393568 to the speech of the children, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01613-00393569-00393781 then they never need to develop anymore 7PYhwy3XTPM-01614-00393803-00393912 'cause they're understood. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01615-00393978-00394184 So that machines somehow needs 7PYhwy3XTPM-01616-00394184-00394546 to encourage or motivate the children 7PYhwy3XTPM-01617-00394546-00394753 to improve their speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01618-00394781-00395034 while in the same way, yeah. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01619-00395040-00395296 When communicating is important 7PYhwy3XTPM-01620-00395324-00395433 with their relatives, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01621-00395525-00395644 the system should allow it. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01622-00395768-00396017 Any thoughts on -on this, Dimitri? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01623-00396018-00396226 How we could both train 7PYhwy3XTPM-01624-00396311-00396434 humans and machines? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01625-00396549-00396585 Yes. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01626-00396585-00397438 These patents that I wrote 7PYhwy3XTPM-01627-00397438-00397872 at IBM addressed this point. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01628-00397872-00397905 It suggested incremental improvement 7PYhwy3XTPM-01629-00397905-00398659 so it's too far from baby 7PYhwy3XTPM-01630-00398659-00398806 to speak normal speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01631-00398818-00399924 recognition and understand, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01632-00399924-00399965 but if speech recognition see that small changes for babies 7PYhwy3XTPM-01633-00399965-00400013 needed to speak correctly, it pretends that it does not understand. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01634-00400013-00400058 This way baby is improving 7PYhwy3XTPM-01635-00400058-00400059 for small things Yeah. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01636-00400059-00401158 But still they understood for very difficult thing 7PYhwy3XTPM-01637-00401163-00401275 that they can improve 7PYhwy3XTPM-01638-00401275-00401325 right away. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01639-00401349-00401408 Wow. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01640-00401476-00401701 Now that you mentioned this same technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-01641-00401701-00401854 is also I think what we need 7PYhwy3XTPM-01642-00401855-00402150 in fitting cochlear implants, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01643-00402151-00402258 'cause there if you make 7PYhwy3XTPM-01644-00402281-00402500 a too big a step-in change 7PYhwy3XTPM-01645-00402502-00402602 of the patterns 7PYhwy3XTPM-01646-00402632-00402744 that people hear, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01647-00402797-00402918 they have difficulties 7PYhwy3XTPM-01648-00402920-00403224 in adjusting to it and in improving. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01649-00403265-00403477 While when making smaller steps 7PYhwy3XTPM-01650-00403479-00403613 or the the right steps, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01651-00403613-00403804 not too small and not too big, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01652-00403863-00403986 then they're improving better. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01653-00403986-00404060 So yeah 7PYhwy3XTPM-01654-00404065-00404176 that's, of course, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01655-00404319-00404402 completely away 7PYhwy3XTPM-01656-00404402-00404581 from the speech recognition 7PYhwy3XTPM-01657-00404658-00404868 but it's I think the same principle 7PYhwy3XTPM-01658-00404869-00405257 of training or or somehow, right? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01659-00405295-00405737 Providing personalized care or personalized medicine 7PYhwy3XTPM-01660-00405740-00405928 in adapting the treatment 7PYhwy3XTPM-01661-00405933-00406139 to the proper doses. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01662-00406385-00406507 Looking time-wise, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01663-00406513-00406775 I-I don't know how we are we are 7PYhwy3XTPM-01664-00406775-00406894 running out of time, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01665-00406894-00407125 and I think it's really nice that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01666-00407127-00407496 we have touched other topics already 7PYhwy3XTPM-01667-00407502-00407782 and it looks like we can 7PYhwy3XTPM-01668-00407797-00408270 somehow lose loosen up the structure 7PYhwy3XTPM-01669-00408272-00408420 a little a bit that it's more 7PYhwy3XTPM-01670-00408420-00408792 spontaneous than we thought before. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01671-00408877-00409042 But I-I think it's 7PYhwy3XTPM-01672-00409042-00409316 a good point to wrap up 7PYhwy3XTPM-01673-00409325-00409623 and and, yeah, I want to thank you 7PYhwy3XTPM-01674-00409623-00409956 again for this nice conversation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01675-00410058-00410253 But also, that, yeah, I feel, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01676-00410292-00410444 I learned a lot about this topic, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01677-00410448-00410624 but also on how to use 7PYhwy3XTPM-01678-00410624-00410786 this system. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01679-00410786-00411076 So maybe everybody, if you'd like, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01680-00411108-00411374 could share his or her experience 7PYhwy3XTPM-01681-00411375-00411602 in how you thought this interview 7PYhwy3XTPM-01682-00411602-00411832 and this technology went. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01683-00411956-00412211 So Jessica, what how do you think, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01684-00412211-00412368 or what did you experience? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01685-00412773-00412887 Oh, I don't hear you now. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01686-00412887-00413311 Apart from that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01687-00413311-00413431 slight technical hitch. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01688-00413437-00413659 Yeah, I find the captions 7PYhwy3XTPM-01689-00413694-00413921 really accurate for me. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01690-00413960-00414149 Considering I normally, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01691-00414149-00414372 I-I have to select British English 7PYhwy3XTPM-01692-00414494-00414724 or put on my best Australian accent 7PYhwy3XTPM-01693-00414738-00414947 for it to to understand me. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01694-00415086-00415300 And luckily, I haven't had to do that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01695-00415300-00415545 because I have to live here. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01696-00415669-00415747 That's been really great, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01697-00415747-00416033 and I'm just amazed by the technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-01698-00416033-00416241 with Dimitri's captions, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01699-00416246-00416393 that's such a such 7PYhwy3XTPM-01700-00416395-00416539 a great experience. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01701-00416543-00416796 It's really yeah, I thought 7PYhwy3XTPM-01702-00416796-00417046 it might be not that conducive 7PYhwy3XTPM-01703-00417057-00417124 to having 7PYhwy3XTPM-01704-00417235-00417358 an easy conversation, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01705-00417360-00417456 but it's, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01706-00417463-00417538 it's been really smooth. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01707-00417538-00417777 So I'm very impressed, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01708-00418344-00418391 Dimitri. Thank you 7PYhwy3XTPM-01709-00418391-00418604 for your kind words. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01710-00418685-00418933 And I really was enjoying 7PYhwy3XTPM-01711-00418933-00419150 talking to you, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01712-00419150-00419440 hearing such fresh point 7PYhwy3XTPM-01713-00419440-00419585 of views. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01714-00419585-00419828 I do agree with you 7PYhwy3XTPM-01715-00419828-00420027 that actually speech system 7PYhwy3XTPM-01716-00420061-00420344 that focuses on some accents 7PYhwy3XTPM-01717-00420375-00420564 like British accent, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01718-00420564-00420905 Indian accent may not work well 7PYhwy3XTPM-01719-00420910-00421123 as general speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01720-00421195-00421244 Because for 7PYhwy3XTPM-01721-00421244-00421417 the general recognition, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01722-00421476-00421622 it had many hundred 7PYhwy3XTPM-01723-00421626-00421866 thousands of speech recorded. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01724-00421962-00422012 But maybe you do not have 7PYhwy3XTPM-01725-00422084-00422366 so many hours for accent. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01726-00422540-00422760 And usually YouTube 7PYhwy3XTPM-01727-00422760-00424251 has all kind of accents. We do have in live transcribe 7PYhwy3XTPM-01728-00424251-00424411 also special accents Indian, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01729-00424411-00424491 British, Australian. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01730-00424531-00424758 But I found the general speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01731-00424758-00424830 recognition works 7PYhwy3XTPM-01732-00424830-00424975 for all accents better. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01733-00425011-00425141 Really nice. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01734-00425186-00425308 Dimitri, and I think 7PYhwy3XTPM-01735-00425353-00425486 it also answers for me 7PYhwy3XTPM-01736-00425486-00425572 already the question 7PYhwy3XTPM-01737-00425573-00425838 about these smaller languages. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01738-00425838-00426013 So it depends on probably on 7PYhwy3XTPM-01739-00426037-00426182 how active a community 7PYhwy3XTPM-01740-00426184-00426277 is on on YouTube 7PYhwy3XTPM-01741-00426373-00426534 for how easy it'll become 7PYhwy3XTPM-01742-00426601-00426752 and the more data, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01743-00426752-00426872 of course, the better, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01744-00426875-00427124 'cause one of the other questions 7PYhwy3XTPM-01745-00427124-00427255 for me was that for instance, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01746-00427309-00427458 I think Bengali is one of 7PYhwy3XTPM-01747-00427458-00427697 the ten major languages, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01748-00427743-00428060 but it's poorly 7PYhwy3XTPM-01749-00428067-00428250 supported digitally. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01750-00428389-00428487 So that could have 7PYhwy3XTPM-01751-00428536-00428769 to do maybe lack of recordings 7PYhwy3XTPM-01752-00428771-00428921 of this language. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01753-00429096-00429147 Exactly. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01754-00429280-00429581 When we started to train 7PYhwy3XTPM-01755-00429581-00430145 for many language, I could see that 7PYhwy3XTPM-01756-00430145-00430319 all other languages, Europe had ten times less 7PYhwy3XTPM-01757-00430986-00431043 recorded videos than English. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01758-00431043-00431112 So for a long time 7PYhwy3XTPM-01759-00431125-00431341 English was the most accurate 7PYhwy3XTPM-01760-00431341-00431650 channel for speech recognition. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01761-00431683-00432153 And are there ways to circumvent 7PYhwy3XTPM-01762-00432155-00432353 this or to further improve it 7PYhwy3XTPM-01763-00432362-00432518 that you'd need less data 7PYhwy3XTPM-01764-00432521-00432695 for these smaller languages? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01765-00433060-00433088 It was in the past. But now we are developing 7PYhwy3XTPM-01766-00433088-00433094 a lot of smart ways that even for languages 7PYhwy3XTPM-01767-00433094-00433306 that we lost all speech 7PYhwy3XTPM-01768-00433306-00433363 we can recreate how people speak. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01769-00433363-00433398 Because some developments for very rare languages 7PYhwy3XTPM-01770-00433398-00433428 to develop speech recognition for them 7PYhwy3XTPM-01771-00433428-00433438 Cool. Wow. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01772-00433438-00433463 For technology is developing fast. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01773-00433463-00434504 And we've started to less and less rely on the amount of data 7PYhwy3XTPM-01774-00434504-00436571 but trying to do it smarter. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01775-00437155-00437424 Nice. And I'm I'm thinking 7PYhwy3XTPM-01776-00437424-00437508 we should really 7PYhwy3XTPM-01777-00437621-00437760 have another session 7PYhwy3XTPM-01778-00437760-00437835 on further 7PYhwy3XTPM-01779-00437858-00438019 developing these ideas. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01780-00438087-00438252 Nicky, how was your experience 7PYhwy3XTPM-01781-00438253-00438452 in this session 7PYhwy3XTPM-01782-00438452-00438598 and your temporarily 7PYhwy3XTPM-01783-00438615-00438700 hearing loss? 7PYhwy3XTPM-01784-00438940-00439115 Yes, it's been a really 7PYhwy3XTPM-01785-00439115-00439261 enjoyable discussion. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01786-00439262-00439285 Yeah, thanks for setting this up, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01787-00439285-00439345 and thanks to Dimitri for, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01788-00439347-00440043 showcasing your relate app as well. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01789-00440043-00440383 It's been, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01790-00440516-00440566 amazing to see. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01791-00440687-00440765 The the improvements 7PYhwy3XTPM-01792-00440765-00441006 you can have by training on, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01793-00441022-00441109 Additional training 7PYhwy3XTPM-01794-00441109-00441216 on your own voice. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01795-00441347-00441515 It yeah, makes me more excited 7PYhwy3XTPM-01796-00441515-00441725 about what we can do for the future. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01797-00441828-00442018 But yes, generally it's it's been, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01798-00442045-00442184 yeah, a really good discussion 7PYhwy3XTPM-01799-00442184-00442668 and and bringing up, challenges that we're still facing 7PYhwy3XTPM-01800-00442669-00442845 and sharing feedbacks 7PYhwy3XTPM-01801-00442862-00442981 on what we've done already. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01802-00442987-00443110 Yeah, I would, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01803-00443112-00443207 I'm sure we could talk 7PYhwy3XTPM-01804-00443207-00443296 for much longer 7PYhwy3XTPM-01805-00443296-00443587 it's been, yeah, very good. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01806-00443777-00443973 Then, thank you all 7PYhwy3XTPM-01807-00444023-00444264 for participating in this interview, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01808-00444267-00444482 and, yeah, I wanted to close 7PYhwy3XTPM-01809-00444482-00444627 with the, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01810-00444627-00444837 the quote that I had prepared, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01811-00444957-00445172 ''Be careful about reading health books. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01812-00445174-00445313 You may die of a misprint'' 7PYhwy3XTPM-01813-00445338-00445553 famous words by Mark Twain. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01814-00445597-00445898 And I was a little bit anxious 7PYhwy3XTPM-01815-00445924-00446103 that we maybe would say, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01816-00446203-00446359 get into misunderstanding 7PYhwy3XTPM-01817-00446360-00446589 due to miss or wrong transcriptions. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01818-00446834-00447011 But I must say that, yeah, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01819-00447011-00447179 that both the technology 7PYhwy3XTPM-01820-00447183-00447385 as you as participants 7PYhwy3XTPM-01821-00447454-00447641 went all better 7PYhwy3XTPM-01822-00447641-00447773 than than expected 7PYhwy3XTPM-01823-00447778-00448203 and I felt that we could relax more 7PYhwy3XTPM-01824-00448203-00448464 and more over this conversation. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01825-00448510-00448809 So thanks again for joining this 7PYhwy3XTPM-01826-00448812-00448981 and also for all, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01827-00449002-00449150 yeah, all the preparation, 7PYhwy3XTPM-01828-00449153-00449459 and hope to see you again 7PYhwy3XTPM-01829-00449503-00449746 soon maybe on a different event 7PYhwy3XTPM-01830-00449771-00450060 or, who knows, on a future project. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01831-00450123-00450293 I guess we have discussed discussed 7PYhwy3XTPM-01832-00450300-00450589 already a lot of potential work 7PYhwy3XTPM-01833-00450591-00450753 that could be done. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01834-00451000-00451062 Thanks, Jan-Willem. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01835-00451062-00451260 That is really great 7PYhwy3XTPM-01836-00451267-00451422 and so nice to meet you, Dimitri. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01837-00451917-00451972 Thank you. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01838-00451972-00452022 Bye. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01839-00452022-00452073 Bye. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01840-00452073-00452124 Bye. 7PYhwy3XTPM-01841-00452174-00452224 Okay,