fwNChrOJyF0-00000-00000108-00000179 >> Hello everybody.
fwNChrOJyF0-00001-00000179-00000458 Good afternoon and welcome.
fwNChrOJyF0-00002-00000458-00000748 I'm Susan Collins, the Joan and Sanford Weill Dean here
fwNChrOJyF0-00003-00000748-00000947 at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy.
fwNChrOJyF0-00004-00000947-00001278 And I'm delighted to have all of you here this afternoon
fwNChrOJyF0-00005-00001278-00001457 for another, in our series
fwNChrOJyF0-00006-00001457-00001739 of policy talks, at the Ford School.
fwNChrOJyF0-00007-00001739-00002048 I'd like to extend a special welcome, to our speaker,
fwNChrOJyF0-00008-00002048-00002293 Professor Glenn Loury, who I will introduce
fwNChrOJyF0-00009-00002293-00002487 in just a few moments.
fwNChrOJyF0-00010-00002487-00002823 Today's event is sponsored by the Ford's School Center
fwNChrOJyF0-00011-00002823-00003058 for Public Policy in Diverse Societies,
fwNChrOJyF0-00012-00003058-00003236 and our Diversity Center I'd like --
fwNChrOJyF0-00013-00003236-00003486 just like to tell you a couple of things about it,
fwNChrOJyF0-00014-00003486-00003683 for those of you who may not know.
fwNChrOJyF0-00015-00003683-00004088 It is intended as a first of its kind initiative that is designed
fwNChrOJyF0-00016-00004088-00004281 to shed light on how policy --
fwNChrOJyF0-00017-00004281-00004624 how public policy can most effectively navigate the
fwNChrOJyF0-00018-00004624-00004902 opportunities and the challenges that arise,
fwNChrOJyF0-00019-00004902-00005216 as societies become increasingly diverse; locally,
fwNChrOJyF0-00020-00005216-00005422 nationally, and globally.
fwNChrOJyF0-00021-00005422-00005608 There are a number of academic institutions
fwNChrOJyF0-00022-00005608-00005891 that have addressed issues of diversity
fwNChrOJyF0-00023-00005891-00006122 through a variety of different lenses.
fwNChrOJyF0-00024-00006122-00006413 They've focused on the social sciences, on education,
fwNChrOJyF0-00025-00006413-00006598 on business, and on law.
fwNChrOJyF0-00026-00006598-00006913 But the Center for Public Policy in Diverse Societies here,
fwNChrOJyF0-00027-00006913-00007192 is really the first university-based effort,
fwNChrOJyF0-00028-00007192-00007361 that we're aware of, that focuses
fwNChrOJyF0-00029-00007361-00007556 on the public policy perspective
fwNChrOJyF0-00030-00007556-00007886 and issues associated with diversity.
fwNChrOJyF0-00031-00007886-00008134 The Ford School and our Diversity Center will continue
fwNChrOJyF0-00032-00008134-00008342 to host distinguished speakers and I hope
fwNChrOJyF0-00033-00008342-00008503 that you will visit our web page.
fwNChrOJyF0-00034-00008503-00008958 We have a calendar, which shows upcoming events and we hope
fwNChrOJyF0-00035-00008958-00009193 that you will continue to join us and spread the word
fwNChrOJyF0-00036-00009193-00009435 about the things that we have coming up.
fwNChrOJyF0-00037-00009435-00009730 And now, my pleasure to introduce our speaker.
fwNChrOJyF0-00038-00009730-00009946 Glen Loury is a distinguished economist,
fwNChrOJyF0-00039-00009946-00010300 a prominent social critic, and an adviser to business
fwNChrOJyF0-00040-00010300-00010528 and political leaders across the county.
fwNChrOJyF0-00041-00010528-00010750 A native of the south side of Chicago,
fwNChrOJyF0-00042-00010750-00010971 Professor Loury worked his way up from a job
fwNChrOJyF0-00043-00010971-00011394 in a printing plant, to a Ph.D. at MIT in 1976.
fwNChrOJyF0-00044-00011394-00011790 And he started his career at Northwestern University
fwNChrOJyF0-00045-00011790-00012082 in the late 1970s,
fwNChrOJyF0-00046-00012082-00012278 as an assistant professor of economics.
fwNChrOJyF0-00047-00012278-00012611 And during that time, he taught in a summer program
fwNChrOJyF0-00048-00012611-00012897 that was sponsored by the American Economic Association.
fwNChrOJyF0-00049-00012897-00013091 And that's actually where I first met him.
fwNChrOJyF0-00050-00013091-00013297 I was a student in that summer program,
fwNChrOJyF0-00051-00013297-00013421 which is still going on.
fwNChrOJyF0-00052-00013421-00013752 It's intended to diversify the economics profession.
fwNChrOJyF0-00053-00013752-00013987 And so, I first learned about Glen Loury
fwNChrOJyF0-00054-00013987-00014180 as my Micro Economics professor.
fwNChrOJyF0-00055-00014180-00014331 And I know there are a number of you in the room
fwNChrOJyF0-00056-00014331-00014509 who are studying Micro Economics.
fwNChrOJyF0-00057-00014509-00014816 And so I have many, many fond memories about those equations
fwNChrOJyF0-00058-00014816-00014957 and all of the things that --
fwNChrOJyF0-00059-00014957-00015094 that I learned and have continued
fwNChrOJyF0-00060-00015094-00015294 to use throughout my career.
fwNChrOJyF0-00061-00015294-00015707 Glenn was also on the Economics Department faculty here
fwNChrOJyF0-00062-00015707-00016012 at Michigan, from 1979 to 1982,
fwNChrOJyF0-00063-00016012-00016243 before becoming the first tenured African American
fwNChrOJyF0-00064-00016243-00016524 professor in Harvard's Economics Department.
fwNChrOJyF0-00065-00016524-00016839 His academic career has taken him to Boston University,
fwNChrOJyF0-00066-00016839-00017106 where he founded the Institute on Race and Social Division.
fwNChrOJyF0-00067-00017106-00017429 And he's currently the Merton P. Stoltz Professor
fwNChrOJyF0-00068-00017429-00017634 of the Social Sciences at Brown University.
fwNChrOJyF0-00069-00017634-00017918 In addition to his scholarly works,
fwNChrOJyF0-00070-00017918-00018252 Dr. Loury is a regular commentator on public radio
fwNChrOJyF0-00071-00018252-00018582 and television, and a widely sought-after public speaker.
fwNChrOJyF0-00072-00018582-00018926 He's dedicated his career and his research to exploring issues
fwNChrOJyF0-00073-00018926-00019237 of race and equality and the persistent lack of opportunities
fwNChrOJyF0-00074-00019237-00019605 for African Americans in many spheres of American society.
fwNChrOJyF0-00075-00019605-00019939 And recently, has been branching out to look at a number
fwNChrOJyF0-00076-00019939-00020222 of internationally related issues, as well.
fwNChrOJyF0-00077-00020222-00020553 Today, he will focus on the massive incarceration rate
fwNChrOJyF0-00078-00020553-00020822 in the U.S. And address the important question,
fwNChrOJyF0-00079-00020822-00021012 of why racial minorities comprise
fwNChrOJyF0-00080-00021012-00021384 such a disproportionate share of our prison population.
fwNChrOJyF0-00081-00021384-00021650 Is it a result simply of rising crime rates,
fwNChrOJyF0-00082-00021650-00021835 or does it reflect American values
fwNChrOJyF0-00083-00021835-00022004 in the post-civil rights era?
fwNChrOJyF0-00084-00022004-00022269 Has our society created a pipeline to prison
fwNChrOJyF0-00085-00022269-00022580 that disadvantages minority communities?
fwNChrOJyF0-00086-00022580-00022828 Professor Loury has graciously agreed
fwNChrOJyF0-00087-00022828-00023076 to take questions after his talk.
fwNChrOJyF0-00088-00023076-00023479 And so, around 4:30, our staff will be circulating
fwNChrOJyF0-00089-00023479-00023690 and I hope that, if you're interested
fwNChrOJyF0-00090-00023690-00023989 in sharing a question, that you have received a card.
fwNChrOJyF0-00091-00023989-00024196 There are cards that are available.
fwNChrOJyF0-00092-00024196-00024395 And our staff will collect your cards.
fwNChrOJyF0-00093-00024395-00024635 Professor Elisabeth Gerber will select questions
fwNChrOJyF0-00094-00024635-00024894 and they will be read by Ebony Wells [assumed spelling],
fwNChrOJyF0-00095-00024894-00025103 Executive Secretary of The Students of Color
fwNChrOJyF0-00096-00025103-00025212 in Public Policy, one
fwNChrOJyF0-00097-00025212-00025482 of the organizations here at the Ford School.
fwNChrOJyF0-00098-00025482-00025760 So, with no further ado, please join me
fwNChrOJyF0-00099-00025760-00026051 in welcoming Professor Loury to the podium.
fwNChrOJyF0-00100-00026051-00026685 [ Applause ]
fwNChrOJyF0-00101-00026685-00026770 Thank you Suzy.
fwNChrOJyF0-00102-00026770-00026829 Thank you very much.
fwNChrOJyF0-00103-00026829-00027102 A pleasure to be here -- be back here at the Ford School.
fwNChrOJyF0-00104-00027102-00027397 I have a text, I'm going to read a little bit of it.
fwNChrOJyF0-00105-00028433-00028788 So this lecture is about human values.
fwNChrOJyF0-00106-00028788-00029125 I'm going to try, without apology,
fwNChrOJyF0-00107-00029125-00029517 to reach beyond science, with a capital S and, given the limit
fwNChrOJyF0-00108-00029517-00029818 of my abilities, to address deeper questions.
fwNChrOJyF0-00109-00029818-00029989 Anything less, in my humble opinion,
fwNChrOJyF0-00110-00029989-00030197 would be to evade my responsibilities
fwNChrOJyF0-00111-00030197-00030602 to my country and to my people.
fwNChrOJyF0-00112-00030602-00030992 Of course, as an economist, and an academic,
fwNChrOJyF0-00113-00030992-00031239 I also have professional responsibilities.
fwNChrOJyF0-00114-00031239-00031664 An occasion such as this is no place for summarizing.
fwNChrOJyF0-00115-00031664-00031887 This is a place for analysis.
fwNChrOJyF0-00116-00031887-00032295 The coin of the realm here would be argument and evidence.
fwNChrOJyF0-00117-00032295-00032624 Not moral outrage or rhetorical verve.
fwNChrOJyF0-00118-00032624-00033022 This is hardly the time for me, quite obviously,
fwNChrOJyF0-00119-00033022-00033450 an African American, to play a race card.
fwNChrOJyF0-00120-00033450-00033766 Which is to say, to claim some moral authority that derives
fwNChrOJyF0-00121-00033766-00034208 from social identity, or to trade on insider status,
fwNChrOJyF0-00122-00034208-00034501 or to appeal to such sympathies in this audience,
fwNChrOJyF0-00123-00034501-00034747 as my social identity might provoke.
fwNChrOJyF0-00124-00034747-00035488 Still, I am a black American male, standing before you
fwNChrOJyF0-00125-00035488-00035820 to address the ethics of mass incarceration
fwNChrOJyF0-00126-00035820-00036229 in this race-conscious, racially divided, nation.
fwNChrOJyF0-00127-00036229-00036515 As it happens, I have passed through the courtroom
fwNChrOJyF0-00128-00036515-00036873 and the jailhouse, on my way to this distinguished podium.
fwNChrOJyF0-00129-00036873-00037317 I have sat in the visitor's room at a state prison.
fwNChrOJyF0-00130-00037317-00037705 I have known personally, and intimately, men and women
fwNChrOJyF0-00131-00037705-00037901 who live their entire lives with one foot
fwNChrOJyF0-00132-00037901-00038166 to either side of the law.
fwNChrOJyF0-00133-00038166-00038492 And in my mind's eye I can envision voiceless
fwNChrOJyF0-00134-00038492-00038804 and despairing people, who would hope I might represent them
fwNChrOJyF0-00135-00038804-00039140 on an occasion such as this.
fwNChrOJyF0-00136-00039140-00039383 I know that these revelations may discredit me
fwNChrOJyF0-00137-00039383-00039461 in some quarters.
fwNChrOJyF0-00138-00039461-00039858 Some may even assume that I'm siding with the "thug,"
fwNChrOJyF0-00139-00039858-00040234 and not the victims of senseless violence.
fwNChrOJyF0-00140-00040234-00040425 Truth be told, some would assume
fwNChrOJyF0-00141-00040425-00040697 that no matter what I might say here, so deeply...
fwNChrOJyF0-00142-00041127-00041362 ...sorry I lost my place --
fwNChrOJyF0-00143-00041597-00041896 some would assume that no matter what I might say here,
fwNChrOJyF0-00144-00041896-00042258 so deeply entrenches this binary opposition
fwNChrOJyF0-00145-00042258-00042428 in the American public mind.
fwNChrOJyF0-00146-00042428-00042697 So I'll not even bother to try to refute the charge.
fwNChrOJyF0-00147-00043204-00043499 For better or worse, my racial identity is not irrelevant here,
fwNChrOJyF0-00148-00043499-00043769 neither is it irrelevant to consideration of the ethics
fwNChrOJyF0-00149-00043769-00044235 of mass punishment that millions -- the millions who now languish
fwNChrOJyF0-00150-00044235-00044437 in custody and under state supervision are drawn
fwNChrOJyF0-00151-00044437-00044581 disproportionately from the ranks
fwNChrOJyF0-00152-00044581-00044751 of the black and the brown.
fwNChrOJyF0-00153-00044751-00045056 There can be no need to justify injecting race
fwNChrOJyF0-00154-00045056-00045226 into this discourse.
fwNChrOJyF0-00155-00045226-00045430 Our prisons are the most race-conscious public
fwNChrOJyF0-00156-00045430-00045564 institutions that we have.
fwNChrOJyF0-00157-00045564-00045815 No big city police officer is color blind,
fwNChrOJyF0-00158-00045815-00046170 nor arguably could any afford to be.
fwNChrOJyF0-00159-00046170-00046463 Crime and punishment in America have a color.
fwNChrOJyF0-00160-00046463-00046816 Just turn on a television, or open a magazine,
fwNChrOJyF0-00161-00046816-00047059 or listen carefully to the rhetoric of a political campaign
fwNChrOJyF0-00162-00047059-00047237 and you'll see what I mean.
fwNChrOJyF0-00163-00047237-00047513 Some radical critics even liken today's prisons boom
fwNChrOJyF0-00164-00047513-00047971 to the slavery of yester-year.
fwNChrOJyF0-00165-00048613-00048756 But, we don't have to go that far to see
fwNChrOJyF0-00166-00048756-00049078 that race is an important aspect of what's going on.
fwNChrOJyF0-00167-00049078-00049323 So, given all of this, what is a self-respecting, black,
fwNChrOJyF0-00168-00049323-00049528 social scientist to do?
fwNChrOJyF0-00169-00049528-00049667 Science may be necessary,
fwNChrOJyF0-00170-00049667-00049896 but it's certainly insufficient here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00171-00049896-00050198 Consider what I take to be a first order point.
fwNChrOJyF0-00172-00050198-00050537 No cost-benefit analysis of our historic prison buildup
fwNChrOJyF0-00173-00050537-00050839 over the last 35 years is possible without specifying
fwNChrOJyF0-00174-00050839-00051134 in the calculation how one is to reckon
fwNChrOJyF0-00175-00051134-00051505 with the pain being imposed on the persons imprisoned,
fwNChrOJyF0-00176-00051505-00051724 their families, and their communities.
fwNChrOJyF0-00177-00051724-00052078 This, of course, has not stopped many writers from pronouncing
fwNChrOJyF0-00178-00052078-00052315 on the purported benefits and cost of incarceration,
fwNChrOJyF0-00179-00052315-00052712 without bothering to address this fundamental moral question.
fwNChrOJyF0-00180-00052712-00053004 How to value this aspect of policy is to my mind,
fwNChrOJyF0-00181-00053004-00053217 a salient ethical issue.
fwNChrOJyF0-00182-00053217-00053399 Punishment politics, it seems to me,
fwNChrOJyF0-00183-00053399-00053853 invariably discounts the humanity of the thieves,
fwNChrOJyF0-00184-00053853-00054153 drug sellers, prostitutes, rapists, and yes,
fwNChrOJyF0-00185-00054153-00054424 of those whom we unceremoniously put to death.
fwNChrOJyF0-00186-00054424-00054892 It gives insufficient weight to the welfare, to the humanity
fwNChrOJyF0-00187-00054892-00055392 of those people knitted together with offenders, the networks
fwNChrOJyF0-00188-00055392-00055591 of social and psychic affiliation.
fwNChrOJyF0-00189-00055591-00055854 It should be clear that social science has no answer
fwNChrOJyF0-00190-00055854-00056229 for the question of what weight to put on a "thug's" well-being,
fwNChrOJyF0-00191-00056229-00056525 or that of his wife, or her husband,
fwNChrOJyF0-00192-00056525-00056802 or his daughter, or her son.
fwNChrOJyF0-00193-00056802-00057175 Nor, can science tell us how much additional cost born
fwNChrOJyF0-00194-00057175-00057437 by the offending class, is justified in order
fwNChrOJyF0-00195-00057437-00057936 to obtain a given increment in security of life and property,
fwNChrOJyF0-00196-00057936-00058266 or even in peace of mind, for the rest of us.
fwNChrOJyF0-00197-00058266-00058550 To illustrate, consider some recent discussion
fwNChrOJyF0-00198-00058550-00058769 of the ethics of racial profiling.
fwNChrOJyF0-00199-00058769-00058913 The obvious cost-benefit take
fwNChrOJyF0-00200-00058913-00059170 on that problem goes more less as follows.
fwNChrOJyF0-00201-00059170-00059430 Screening resources are scarce.
fwNChrOJyF0-00202-00059430-00059767 So, an agent who seeks to detect an unobserved hazard can do
fwNChrOJyF0-00203-00059767-00059929 so more efficiently by making use
fwNChrOJyF0-00204-00059929-00060169 of any readily observable information that correlates
fwNChrOJyF0-00205-00060169-00060304 with the present of the -- presence of the hazard.
fwNChrOJyF0-00206-00060304-00060649 If it is known that dangerous people are drawn
fwNChrOJyF0-00207-00060649-00060894 disproportionately from a group whose members look a certain
fwNChrOJyF0-00208-00060894-00061147 way, designing a screening process in light
fwNChrOJyF0-00209-00061147-00061412 of that knowledge eases the monitoring problem.
fwNChrOJyF0-00210-00061412-00061669 Some have even argued that it's morally acceptable to do this
fwNChrOJyF0-00211-00061669-00061884 when the stakes are sufficiently great,
fwNChrOJyF0-00212-00061884-00062012 and the alternatives limited.
fwNChrOJyF0-00213-00062012-00062211 Even if the costs may fall disproportionately
fwNChrOJyF0-00214-00062211-00062376 on a disadvantage group.
fwNChrOJyF0-00215-00062376-00062667 A social scientist sees easily, how that analysis might go,
fwNChrOJyF0-00216-00062667-00063094 and yet, I find such arguments deeply unsatisfactory.
fwNChrOJyF0-00217-00063094-00063417 Because when we undertake to classify people categorically,
fwNChrOJyF0-00218-00063417-00063679 or to treat them differently based on this categorization,
fwNChrOJyF0-00219-00063679-00063878 we're doing more than simply solving a resource
fwNChrOJyF0-00220-00063878-00064053 allocation problem.
fwNChrOJyF0-00221-00064053-00064342 We are also committing an expressive act.
fwNChrOJyF0-00222-00064342-00064572 In effect, declaring how we are to look upon,
fwNChrOJyF0-00223-00064572-00064837 and relate to one another in this society.
fwNChrOJyF0-00224-00064837-00065052 It seems to me that the decision as to whether or not,
fwNChrOJyF0-00225-00065052-00065129 one wants to make
fwNChrOJyF0-00226-00065129-00065402 such a statement is often the whole ball game and yet,
fwNChrOJyF0-00227-00065402-00065811 how would the "costs and benefits" in quotes,
fwNChrOJyF0-00228-00065811-00066109 associated with such constituative expressive public
fwNChrOJyF0-00229-00066109-00066455 action, be reckoned.
fwNChrOJyF0-00230-00066455-00066722 Institutional arrangements for dealing with criminal offenders
fwNChrOJyF0-00231-00066722-00067034 in the United States have evolved to serve expressive,
fwNChrOJyF0-00232-00067034-00067349 as well as instrumental, ends.
fwNChrOJyF0-00233-00067349-00067737 We have wanted, collectively, as a society, to send a message
fwNChrOJyF0-00234-00067737-00068111 through our policies and have done so with a vengeance.
fwNChrOJyF0-00235-00068111-00068439 In the process, we have created facts.
fwNChrOJyF0-00236-00068439-00068736 We have constituted certain social relations
fwNChrOJyF0-00237-00068736-00069024 between certain elements in our polity.
fwNChrOJyF0-00238-00069024-00069321 We have, in effect, answered the question, who is to blame
fwNChrOJyF0-00239-00069321-00069748 for the maladies, which beset our troubled civilization.
fwNChrOJyF0-00240-00069748-00069990 We have constructed a national narrative,
fwNChrOJyF0-00241-00069990-00070165 creating scapegoats along the way.
fwNChrOJyF0-00242-00070165-00070602 We've indulged our need to feel virtuous about ourselves.
fwNChrOJyF0-00243-00070602-00070769 To assuage our fears.
fwNChrOJyF0-00244-00070769-00071145 We have met the enemy and the enemy is them.
fwNChrOJyF0-00245-00071145-00071547 In the mist of this dramaturge unavoidably so in America,
fwNChrOJyF0-00246-00071547-00071910 lurks a potent, racial subplot.
fwNChrOJyF0-00247-00072012-00072258 Deciding how citizens of varied social rank
fwNChrOJyF0-00248-00072258-00072541 within a common polity, ought to relate to one another,
fwNChrOJyF0-00249-00072541-00072831 is a more fundamental consideration, than is deciding
fwNChrOJyF0-00250-00072831-00073253 which course of action is most efficient.
fwNChrOJyF0-00251-00073253-00073509 The question of relationship.
fwNChrOJyF0-00252-00073509-00073798 The issue of solidarity.
fwNChrOJyF0-00253-00073798-00074097 The challenge of deciding who belongs to the body politic,
fwNChrOJyF0-00254-00074097-00074498 and who deserves civic excommunication.
fwNChrOJyF0-00255-00074498-00074807 These are philosophical concerns of the highest order.
fwNChrOJyF0-00256-00074807-00075138 It makes about as much sense to speak of the benefits and cost
fwNChrOJyF0-00257-00075138-00075361 of citizens relating to one another this way or that,
fwNChrOJyF0-00258-00075361-00075544 as it does, to speak of the benefits and cost
fwNChrOJyF0-00259-00075544-00075795 of dying for one's country.
fwNChrOJyF0-00260-00075795-00076188 Again, I regret to report this has not stopped some social
fwNChrOJyF0-00261-00076188-00076409 scientist from speaking in precisely this way.
fwNChrOJyF0-00262-00076409-00076781 Still, in my humble opinion, when the question becomes,
fwNChrOJyF0-00263-00076781-00076949 what manner of people are we Americans?
fwNChrOJyF0-00264-00076949-00077350 It is utterly foolish, worse, it merely dangerous,
fwNChrOJyF0-00265-00077350-00077616 to look to science for an answer.
fwNChrOJyF0-00266-00077616-00077899 Or, put differently, a decent society will on occasion,
fwNChrOJyF0-00267-00077899-00078116 elect to issue the official course of action
fwNChrOJyF0-00268-00078116-00078318 for the simple reason that, to follow it would be to act
fwNChrOJyF0-00269-00078318-00078595 as though we are not the people we have determined ourselves
fwNChrOJyF0-00270-00078595-00078792 to be.
fwNChrOJyF0-00271-00078792-00079088 Echoing Kant, to act in a way that is contrary
fwNChrOJyF0-00272-00079088-00079284 to calculated interest, may be the only way
fwNChrOJyF0-00273-00079284-00079543 to give evidence of our decency.
fwNChrOJyF0-00274-00079543-00079833 In any event, the cost-benefit calculus is surely insufficient
fwNChrOJyF0-00275-00079833-00080131 to the prescriptive task here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00276-00080131-00080333 Now, a critic is going to come along and say,
fwNChrOJyF0-00277-00080333-00080540 "But you have simply failed fully to account
fwNChrOJyF0-00278-00080540-00080658 for all the costs and benefits.
fwNChrOJyF0-00279-00080658-00080836 Doing so allows value commitments
fwNChrOJyF0-00280-00080836-00081093 to be taken into account."
fwNChrOJyF0-00281-00081093-00081354 I understand that argument, but I reject it.
fwNChrOJyF0-00282-00081354-00081588 Occasions will arise, where in the nature of the case,
fwNChrOJyF0-00283-00081588-00081873 such a modified accounting is impossible in principle.
fwNChrOJyF0-00284-00081873-00082065 It strikes me that asserting the propriety
fwNChrOJyF0-00285-00082065-00082361 of creating a racially defined pariah class in the middle
fwNChrOJyF0-00286-00082361-00082734 of our great cities, at the start of the 21st century,
fwNChrOJyF0-00287-00082734-00083009 presents us with just such a case.
fwNChrOJyF0-00288-00083009-00083211 But then, if social sciences insufficient,
fwNChrOJyF0-00289-00083211-00083545 here where ought we look for guidance?
fwNChrOJyF0-00290-00083545-00083736 My answer has been that we ought to look
fwNChrOJyF0-00291-00083736-00083968 to social philosophy and to history.
fwNChrOJyF0-00292-00083968-00084192 We ought to be guided by our reasoned assessment
fwNChrOJyF0-00293-00084192-00084505 of our first principles, such as that undertaken by philosophers
fwNChrOJyF0-00294-00084505-00084839 like John Rawls and his lifelong project, and grounded
fwNChrOJyF0-00295-00084839-00084989 in an interactive interpretation
fwNChrOJyF0-00296-00084989-00085237 of our essential national character.
fwNChrOJyF0-00297-00085237-00085548 Such as that that has been exemplified by Michael Walzer
fwNChrOJyF0-00298-00085548-00085848 in his work on interpretation of social criticism.
fwNChrOJyF0-00299-00085848-00086063 And we ought to be asking ourselves two questions.
fwNChrOJyF0-00300-00086063-00086398 Just what manner of people are we Americans?
fwNChrOJyF0-00301-00086398-00086606 And what, then, must we do?
fwNChrOJyF0-00302-00086721-00086917 That's all well and good, Professor Loury,
fwNChrOJyF0-00303-00086917-00087328 but what has race got to do with any of this?
fwNChrOJyF0-00304-00087328-00087624 I can almost hear this perennial American question coming
fwNChrOJyF0-00305-00087624-00088021 in from my right with toe-taping impatience.
fwNChrOJyF0-00306-00088021-00088259 My answer is that, only someone as willfully blind
fwNChrOJyF0-00307-00088259-00088515 to our history as was the United States Supreme Court
fwNChrOJyF0-00308-00088515-00088941 in its 1987 decision in the case McCleskey versus Kemp.
fwNChrOJyF0-00309-00088941-00089106 Which upheld the constitutionality
fwNChrOJyF0-00310-00089106-00089345 of capital punishment in the face of overwhelming evidence
fwNChrOJyF0-00311-00089345-00089520 that its application in a state of Georgia,
fwNChrOJyF0-00312-00089520-00089752 reflected blatant racial bias, could even ask
fwNChrOJyF0-00313-00089752-00089986 such a question in the first place.
fwNChrOJyF0-00314-00089986-00090416 Let me remind you of what the court did in this case.
fwNChrOJyF0-00315-00090416-00090673 McCleskey drew on a statistical study performed
fwNChrOJyF0-00316-00090673-00090957 by Professor David C. Baldus and his colleagues,
fwNChrOJyF0-00317-00090957-00091270 at Northeastern University, that demonstrated disparities
fwNChrOJyF0-00318-00091270-00091414 and the imposition of the death sentence
fwNChrOJyF0-00319-00091414-00091779 in Georgia based primarily on the race of the murder victim.
fwNChrOJyF0-00320-00091779-00092047 Focusing on more than 2,000 Georgia murder cases during the
fwNChrOJyF0-00321-00092047-00092268 1970s, The Baldus study demonstrated
fwNChrOJyF0-00322-00092268-00092494 that the death sentence was imposed in 22%
fwNChrOJyF0-00323-00092494-00092818 of the cases involving black defendants and white victims,
fwNChrOJyF0-00324-00092818-00093172 8% of the cases involving white defendants and white victims,
fwNChrOJyF0-00325-00093172-00093477 1% of the cases involving black defendants and black victims,
fwNChrOJyF0-00326-00093477-00093712 and 3% of the cases involving white defendants
fwNChrOJyF0-00327-00093712-00093875 and black victims.
fwNChrOJyF0-00328-00093875-00094174 Even after accounting for some 39 nonracial variables
fwNChrOJyF0-00329-00094174-00094450 in a multi-variable regression analysis, the study found
fwNChrOJyF0-00330-00094450-00094658 that defendants charged with killing white victims,
fwNChrOJyF0-00331-00094658-00095013 were 4.3 times as likely to receive a death sentence,
fwNChrOJyF0-00332-00095013-00095245 as defendants charged with killing blacks.
fwNChrOJyF0-00333-00095245-00095634 Now, Randall Kennedy, has argued in his impressive study, "Race,
fwNChrOJyF0-00334-00095634-00095924 Crime, and the Law," that, and I quote him here just briefly,
fwNChrOJyF0-00335-00095924-00096068 "Despite the systematic evidence,
fwNChrOJyF0-00336-00096068-00096274 the U.S. Supreme Court voted 5 to 4
fwNChrOJyF0-00337-00096274-00096523 to uphold McCleskey's death sentence.
fwNChrOJyF0-00338-00096523-00096629 In its majority opinion,
fwNChrOJyF0-00339-00096629-00096783 the Court dismissed the Baldus study,
fwNChrOJyF0-00340-00096783-00097089 as indicating a discrepancy that only appeared
fwNChrOJyF0-00341-00097089-00097240 to correlate with race."
fwNChrOJyF0-00342-00097240-00097497 Quoting the Court's decision, "Apparent disparities
fwNChrOJyF0-00343-00097497-00097711 in sentencing, are an inevitable part
fwNChrOJyF0-00344-00097711-00097935 of our criminal justice system.
fwNChrOJyF0-00345-00097935-00098097 Where the discretion that this fundamental
fwNChrOJyF0-00346-00098097-00098401 to our criminal process is involved, we decline to assume
fwNChrOJyF0-00347-00098401-00098719 that what is unexplained is invidious.
fwNChrOJyF0-00348-00098719-00098909 We hold that the Baldus study does not demonstrate a
fwNChrOJyF0-00349-00098909-00099129 constitutionally significant risk of racial bias,
fwNChrOJyF0-00350-00099129-00099413 affecting the Georgia's capita sentencing process."
fwNChrOJyF0-00351-00099413-00099651 And Justice Scalia added in his own opinion this,
fwNChrOJyF0-00352-00099651-00099898 and I quote him, "The unconscious operation
fwNChrOJyF0-00353-00099898-00100216 of irrational sympathies and antipathies, including racial,
fwNChrOJyF0-00354-00100216-00100368 upon jury decisions and hence,
fwNChrOJyF0-00355-00100368-00100790 prosecutorial discretion decisions is real, acknowledged
fwNChrOJyF0-00356-00100790-00101155 in the decisions of this court and ineradicable."
fwNChrOJyF0-00357-00101155-00101398 Closed quote.
fwNChrOJyF0-00358-00101398-00101740 Our racial history in this country casts a long shadow,
fwNChrOJyF0-00359-00101740-00101993 even to this day influencing the deliberation of jurors
fwNChrOJyF0-00360-00101993-00102474 in capital cases, but are its effects genuinely ineradicable,
fwNChrOJyF0-00361-00102474-00102651 as Justice Scalia would have it?
fwNChrOJyF0-00362-00102651-00102706 Are they really
fwNChrOJyF0-00363-00102706-00103034 of no contemporary ethical significance?
fwNChrOJyF0-00364-00103034-00103335 In his influential study, "Slavery and Social Death,"
fwNChrOJyF0-00365-00103335-00103605 historical sociologist, Orlando Patterson argues,
fwNChrOJyF0-00366-00103605-00103790 that one can't understand slavery
fwNChrOJyF0-00367-00103790-00104220 without grasping the importance of honor.
fwNChrOJyF0-00368-00104220-00104473 More than an institution allowing property in people,
fwNChrOJyF0-00369-00104473-00104945 slavery was, for Patterson, the "Permanent violent domination
fwNChrOJyF0-00370-00104945-00105244 of nattily alienated and generally dishonored persons."
fwNChrOJyF0-00371-00105244-00105765 He argued in that 1982 book, that the hierarchy
fwNChrOJyF0-00372-00105765-00106076 of social standing, master over slave, reinforced by ritual
fwNChrOJyF0-00373-00106076-00106327 and culture is what distinguishes slavery from any
fwNChrOJyF0-00374-00106327-00106554 of the system of forced labor.
fwNChrOJyF0-00375-00106554-00106841 In the American context, obviously, the rituals
fwNChrOJyF0-00376-00106841-00107083 and customs that supported this hierarchical order,
fwNChrOJyF0-00377-00107083-00107321 the system of taking for granted meanings
fwNChrOJyF0-00378-00107321-00107629 that made possible an adherence to high enlightenment ideals
fwNChrOJyF0-00379-00107629-00107900 in the mist of widespread human bondage,
fwNChrOJyF0-00380-00107900-00108209 came to be closely intertwined in both the popular
fwNChrOJyF0-00381-00108209-00108523 and elite culture with ideas about race.
fwNChrOJyF0-00382-00108523-00108807 As such, dishonor, shown by Patterson
fwNChrOJyF0-00383-00108807-00109041 to be a generally defining feature slavery became,
fwNChrOJyF0-00384-00109041-00109249 in the American case, at hand inseparable
fwNChrOJyF0-00385-00109249-00109475 from the social meaning of race.
fwNChrOJyF0-00386-00109475-00109817 So, my historical interpretive syllogism hears this,
fwNChrOJyF0-00387-00109817-00110109 in general slaves are always profoundly dishonored persons.
fwNChrOJyF0-00388-00110109-00110306 In the experience of the United States,
fwNChrOJyF0-00389-00110306-00110496 slavery was a thoroughly racial institution,
fwNChrOJyF0-00390-00110496-00110718 and so the social meaning of race emergent
fwNChrOJyF0-00391-00110718-00111011 in American political culture mid-19th century was closely
fwNChrOJyF0-00392-00111011-00111285 connected to the slaves dishonorable status.
fwNChrOJyF0-00393-00111285-00111551 Now, that was a long time ago, I grant the point.
fwNChrOJyF0-00394-00111551-00111654 Yet, I hope that remnants
fwNChrOJyF0-00395-00111654-00111824 of this ignoble history are discernible
fwNChrOJyF0-00396-00111824-00112126 in the nation's present-day, public culture.
fwNChrOJyF0-00397-00112126-00112374 Moreover, I simply note here, that the historian,
fwNChrOJyF0-00398-00112374-00112758 Khalil Gibran Muhammad, in his masterful book,
fwNChrOJyF0-00399-00112758-00113135 "The Condemnation of Blackness," Harvard Press, 2010.
fwNChrOJyF0-00400-00113135-00113521 Khalil Mohammad, currently the director of the Schomburg Center
fwNChrOJyF0-00401-00113521-00113727 for African American Culture in New York City,
fwNChrOJyF0-00402-00113727-00113870 and previously a professor of history
fwNChrOJyF0-00403-00113870-00114144 at Indiana University -- Indiana University.
fwNChrOJyF0-00404-00114144-00114708 Traces carefully, the impact of racial stigma and ideas
fwNChrOJyF0-00405-00114708-00115108 that come out of the mid-19th century on, conceptualizing
fwNChrOJyF0-00406-00115108-00115352 and reacting to criminal offending
fwNChrOJyF0-00407-00115352-00115716 by lower class persons, blacks migrating to American cities
fwNChrOJyF0-00408-00115716-00116053 from the rural south, whites migrating to American cities
fwNChrOJyF0-00409-00116053-00116398 at the turn of the 20th century from south and eastern Europe.
fwNChrOJyF0-00410-00116398-00116800 And it establishes there, to my satisfaction in any case,
fwNChrOJyF0-00411-00116800-00117197 the long shadow cast by slavery and the reconciliation
fwNChrOJyF0-00412-00117197-00117468 of American elites after -- in the postbellum period,
fwNChrOJyF0-00413-00117468-00117859 on the racial thinking about crime and criminal offending.
fwNChrOJyF0-00414-00117859-00118124 That's Khalil Mohammed.
fwNChrOJyF0-00415-00118124-00118653 Now, by racial dishonor, I mean something specific,
fwNChrOJyF0-00416-00118653-00118965 an entrenched inchoate presumption of inferiority,
fwNChrOJyF0-00417-00118965-00119393 of moral inadequacy, of unfitness for intimacy,
fwNChrOJyF0-00418-00119393-00119840 of intellectual incapacity, harbored by observing agents
fwNChrOJyF0-00419-00119840-00120149 when they regard, at least some of the racial marked subjects.
fwNChrOJyF0-00420-00120149-00120386 So, we've come from a history of racial slavery
fwNChrOJyF0-00421-00120386-00120666 and institutionalized racial subordination,
fwNChrOJyF0-00422-00120666-00120894 and the principle venue, in which the legacy
fwNChrOJyF0-00423-00120894-00121184 of that history remains vividly apparent in our public life,
fwNChrOJyF0-00424-00121184-00121405 is in the realm of punishment.
fwNChrOJyF0-00425-00121405-00121758 We're becoming a nation of jailers, and if I may say,
fwNChrOJyF0-00426-00121758-00122054 racist jailers at that.
fwNChrOJyF0-00427-00122054-00122245 We must ask, in light of our history,
fwNChrOJyF0-00428-00122245-00122395 whether this is the nation we want to be.
fwNChrOJyF0-00429-00122395-00122725 And deciding not, then we must do something about it.
fwNChrOJyF0-00430-00122725-00123122 Now, true enough attitudes have shifted, over the course
fwNChrOJyF0-00431-00123122-00123333 of the 20th century and into the 21 century.
fwNChrOJyF0-00432-00123333-00123535 We have an African American president.
fwNChrOJyF0-00433-00123535-00123766 That's not nothing, although with respect
fwNChrOJyF0-00434-00123766-00123977 to this problem, it's not much.
fwNChrOJyF0-00435-00123977-00124419 In any case, neither is black marginalization nearly
fwNChrOJyF0-00436-00124419-00124560 as severe as it had once been.
fwNChrOJyF0-00437-00124560-00124757 The jury segregation is dead.
fwNChrOJyF0-00438-00124757-00124851 The open violence which,
fwNChrOJyF0-00439-00124851-00125158 was used to once enforce it, has disappeared.
fwNChrOJyF0-00440-00125158-00125498 We've made great progress, even so as work over the years
fwNChrOJyF0-00441-00125498-00125758 of many of the psychology -- social psychology,
fwNChrOJyF0-00442-00125758-00126073 sociologist Larry Bobo comes to mind, and his colleagues.
fwNChrOJyF0-00443-00126073-00126405 More subtle forms of racial bias are discernible
fwNChrOJyF0-00444-00126405-00126624 in the attitudes of white Americans.
fwNChrOJyF0-00445-00126624-00126855 New sources of social and political marginalization
fwNChrOJyF0-00446-00126855-00127004 of black people have emerged since the end
fwNChrOJyF0-00447-00127004-00127165 of the civil rights era.
fwNChrOJyF0-00448-00127165-00127544 State sanctioned violence continues to ravage the lives
fwNChrOJyF0-00449-00127544-00127874 of the black -- of the black poor, some among the black poor,
fwNChrOJyF0-00450-00127874-00128016 and to impede their participation
fwNChrOJyF0-00451-00128016-00128151 in our common national life.
fwNChrOJyF0-00452-00128151-00128498 Contempt for young black men remains abroad in the land,
fwNChrOJyF0-00453-00128498-00128842 and a new enthusiasm for their debasement has gripped us.
fwNChrOJyF0-00454-00128842-00129139 I refer here to the devastating impact on the lives of millions
fwNChrOJyF0-00455-00129139-00129505 of poor black Americans, that is due to the rise
fwNChrOJyF0-00456-00129505-00129697 of the national incarceration state.
fwNChrOJyF0-00457-00130105-00130448 But this is different, my critic is going to say,
fwNChrOJyF0-00458-00130448-00130742 toe-tapping impatience and all.
fwNChrOJyF0-00459-00130742-00131105 Equality before the law, was never meant to imply freedom
fwNChrOJyF0-00460-00131105-00131377 from the constraint of law.
fwNChrOJyF0-00461-00131377-00131744 So long as laws are enforced without racial bias,
fwNChrOJyF0-00462-00131744-00131984 the mere fact of some disparity in the incidence
fwNChrOJyF0-00463-00131984-00132188 of incarceration, is in no way indicative
fwNChrOJyF0-00464-00132188-00132468 of a new anti-black animism,
fwNChrOJyF0-00465-00132468-00132697 my hypothetical critic might continue.
fwNChrOJyF0-00466-00132697-00133153 As I see it, an argument more or less of that form,
fwNChrOJyF0-00467-00133153-00133544 underlies the passivity, even the enthusiasm,
fwNChrOJyF0-00468-00133544-00133810 with which so many informed Americans have greeted these
fwNChrOJyF0-00469-00133810-00134017 new developments.
fwNChrOJyF0-00470-00134017-00134523 Many Americans who profess to love liberty, who are most proud
fwNChrOJyF0-00471-00134523-00134782 of the progress we have made on the civil rights front,
fwNChrOJyF0-00472-00134782-00135041 upon learning about the rising tide of black imprisonment,
fwNChrOJyF0-00473-00135041-00135377 must console themselves with just such an argument as this.
fwNChrOJyF0-00474-00135377-00135679 A distinguished philosopher friend of mine, an atheist,
fwNChrOJyF0-00475-00135679-00135920 no less, who shall remain nameless here, once said to me,
fwNChrOJyF0-00476-00135920-00136196 "Glenn, I don't understand why you continue to complain
fwNChrOJyF0-00477-00136196-00136400 about there being so many black men in prison.
fwNChrOJyF0-00478-00136400-00136761 When more people fall sick, more hospitals are built.
fwNChrOJyF0-00479-00136761-00136972 Yet nobody thinks that the mere fact of an increase
fwNChrOJyF0-00480-00136972-00137405 in hospitalization signals some kind of social failure.
fwNChrOJyF0-00481-00137405-00137555 So too with blacks in prison.
fwNChrOJyF0-00482-00137555-00137735 Do a crime, whatever your race,
fwNChrOJyF0-00483-00137735-00138179 and you are justly required to do the time.
fwNChrOJyF0-00484-00138179-00138590 All of this is a piece with an increasingly common view,
fwNChrOJyF0-00485-00138590-00138995 not only on the right, about the woeful tragedy now playing
fwNChrOJyF0-00486-00138995-00139116 itself out amongst the black poor,
fwNChrOJyF0-00487-00139116-00139292 which might be paraphrased as follows.
fwNChrOJyF0-00488-00139292-00139500 Blacks may languish, but this is their own fault.
fwNChrOJyF0-00489-00139500-00139675 There is work available in the inner cities,
fwNChrOJyF0-00490-00139675-00139862 if the immigrants can find it, why not the blacks?
fwNChrOJyF0-00491-00139862-00140129 If the blacks would marry,
fwNChrOJyF0-00492-00140129-00140335 they would embrace the responsibilities
fwNChrOJyF0-00493-00140335-00140587 of their own freedom.
fwNChrOJyF0-00494-00140587-00140817 They would cease to see themselves as victims,
fwNChrOJyF0-00495-00140817-00141082 if they would just stop their lawbreaking.
fwNChrOJyF0-00496-00141082-00141277 Then their prospects would brighten."
fwNChrOJyF0-00497-00141277-00141537 I find this line of argumentation,
fwNChrOJyF0-00498-00141537-00141804 to be a shockingly ahistorical, shortsighted,
fwNChrOJyF0-00499-00141804-00142064 and ethically challenged response, to what is one
fwNChrOJyF0-00500-00142064-00142396 of the great social transformations of our time.
fwNChrOJyF0-00501-00142396-00142824 Yet arguments of this kind, emerge naturally from ideas
fwNChrOJyF0-00502-00142824-00143154 about personal responsibility, personal morality,
fwNChrOJyF0-00503-00143154-00143443 and social causation that are now abroad in the land.
fwNChrOJyF0-00504-00143443-00143771 I know how seductive, this world view can be.
fwNChrOJyF0-00505-00143771-00143924 I once made a fine public career,
fwNChrOJyF0-00506-00143924-00144262 using quite similar arguments myself.
fwNChrOJyF0-00507-00144262-00144555 My intent here, is to correct this record and set forth,
fwNChrOJyF0-00508-00144555-00144858 and defend, an alternative view of the matter.
fwNChrOJyF0-00509-00144858-00145005 So, permit me to offer a summary
fwNChrOJyF0-00510-00145005-00145262 of what I want to try to get across.
fwNChrOJyF0-00511-00145262-00145552 I want to suggest, with as much passion as I can muster,
fwNChrOJyF0-00512-00145552-00145862 for which I offer no apology, somebody has to speak
fwNChrOJyF0-00513-00145862-00146154 for those juveniles locked in a Florida penitentiary for life
fwNChrOJyF0-00514-00146154-00146382 without the possibility of parole.
fwNChrOJyF0-00515-00146382-00146753 For nonviolent drug offenders serving interminable sentences
fwNChrOJyF0-00516-00146753-00147253 in a Federal prison, with no human contact for years on end.
fwNChrOJyF0-00517-00147253-00147544 For AIDS victims cuffed to their bunks and dying
fwNChrOJyF0-00518-00147544-00147806 of medical neglect in a quarantined Alabama prison.
fwNChrOJyF0-00519-00147806-00148073 If not me and if not now, then who, when?
fwNChrOJyF0-00520-00148073-00148459 I want to suggest that the racially despaired incidence
fwNChrOJyF0-00521-00148459-00148677 of this massive punishment structure is,
fwNChrOJyF0-00522-00148677-00149053 when viewed in historical context, patently unjust.
fwNChrOJyF0-00523-00149053-00149298 And that this situation weakens the legitimacy
fwNChrOJyF0-00524-00149298-00149696 of the American political project, appropriately so,
fwNChrOJyF0-00525-00149696-00150027 in the eyes of many of its own citizens,
fwNChrOJyF0-00526-00150027-00150236 and in view of the great many people throughout the world,
fwNChrOJyF0-00527-00150236-00150364 who see our social practice,
fwNChrOJyF0-00528-00150364-00150622 in light of our racial history as barbaric.
fwNChrOJyF0-00529-00150622-00150905 And the fact that some of those people are European,
fwNChrOJyF0-00530-00150905-00151064 doesn't make them wrong.
fwNChrOJyF0-00531-00151064-00151779 And what follows, I want to present a cursory overview
fwNChrOJyF0-00532-00151779-00152028 of the history of the rise of race and class --
fwNChrOJyF0-00533-00152028-00152354 of the race class punishment nexus since the 1960s.
fwNChrOJyF0-00534-00152354-00152610 Covering the basic facts, concerning incarceration rates
fwNChrOJyF0-00535-00152610-00152680 and how the incidence
fwNChrOJyF0-00536-00152680-00152943 of punishment varies by social location.
fwNChrOJyF0-00537-00152943-00153275 The social and epidemiological harm that punishment can inflict
fwNChrOJyF0-00538-00153275-00153494 on the communities, from which offenders come,
fwNChrOJyF0-00539-00153494-00153666 and to which they return.
fwNChrOJyF0-00540-00153666-00153923 And the connection of this development to the rhetoric
fwNChrOJyF0-00541-00153923-00154106 of social discipline, at large
fwNChrOJyF0-00542-00154106-00154320 in our political culture of today.
fwNChrOJyF0-00543-00154320-00154658 Rhetoric about dependency, personal responsibility,
fwNChrOJyF0-00544-00154658-00154996 social hygiene, and punishment
fwNChrOJyF0-00545-00154996-00155347 as the reclamation of public order.
fwNChrOJyF0-00546-00155347-00155645 I wish, also, to suggest that history, not theory,
fwNChrOJyF0-00547-00155645-00155855 not abstract debates about human values
fwNChrOJyF0-00548-00155855-00156126 that live only in the academy.
fwNChrOJyF0-00549-00156126-00156413 History, is presenting us with a nightmare scenario,
fwNChrOJyF0-00550-00156413-00156652 one that goes to the heart of the contradictions
fwNChrOJyF0-00551-00156652-00156814 of the liberal democratic society
fwNChrOJyF0-00552-00156814-00157097 that has been poisoned by race.
fwNChrOJyF0-00553-00157221-00157666 Now, I have a problem here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00554-00157666-00157916 My recitation of the brutal facts about punishment
fwNChrOJyF0-00555-00157916-00158184 in today's America, may sound to some like a primal scream
fwNChrOJyF0-00556-00158184-00158397 of rage at this monstrous social machine
fwNChrOJyF0-00557-00158397-00158766 that is grinding poor black communities to dust.
fwNChrOJyF0-00558-00158766-00159062 And as I have already indicated, these facts do incline me
fwNChrOJyF0-00559-00159062-00159196 to cry out in despair.
fwNChrOJyF0-00560-00159196-00159599 But, I wish not to be dismissed as merely venting anger
fwNChrOJyF0-00561-00159599-00160100 at the consequences of the failures of my co-racialist.
fwNChrOJyF0-00562-00160100-00160369 I very much wish to be taken seriously and analytical,
fwNChrOJyF0-00563-00160369-00160608 and not only in existential terms.
fwNChrOJyF0-00564-00160608-00161122 So I want you to know that I bear a burden here,
fwNChrOJyF0-00565-00161122-00161341 of trying to make an argument and not only
fwNChrOJyF0-00566-00161341-00161698 of effecting a certain outrage.
fwNChrOJyF0-00567-00161698-00161968 And I'll try to live up to that burden.
fwNChrOJyF0-00568-00161968-00162263 We will not have solved our historic, moral problem
fwNChrOJyF0-00569-00162263-00162555 of the unequal citizenship for the descendants of slaves,
fwNChrOJyF0-00570-00162555-00162858 which has existed over a century and a half,
fwNChrOJyF0-00571-00162858-00163239 after the end of emancipation.
fwNChrOJyF0-00572-00163239-00163426 Which is built into the social, economic,
fwNChrOJyF0-00573-00163426-00163619 and political structures of our country.
fwNChrOJyF0-00574-00163619-00163853 Civil rights reforms, to the contrary, notwithstanding,
fwNChrOJyF0-00575-00163853-00164152 unless and until we come, far closer than we are now,
fwNChrOJyF0-00576-00164152-00164569 to achieving equality of life chances, honor,
fwNChrOJyF0-00577-00164569-00164810 and public-standing for blacks.
fwNChrOJyF0-00578-00164810-00165091 I will be talking about substantive racial justice,
fwNChrOJyF0-00579-00165091-00165381 not about procedural race neutrality.
fwNChrOJyF0-00580-00165381-00165734 Substandard racial justice was not achieved in 1954 with Brown,
fwNChrOJyF0-00581-00165734-00165954 nor in '64, '65 with the civil rights
fwNChrOJyF0-00582-00165954-00166055 and the voting rights act.
fwNChrOJyF0-00583-00166055-00166262 I want to suggest that the rise
fwNChrOJyF0-00584-00166262-00166489 of the mass imprisonment state opens a new front
fwNChrOJyF0-00585-00166489-00166760 in this struggle, for historic justice.
fwNChrOJyF0-00586-00166760-00167079 It reflects both, an explicit antacid racism.
fwNChrOJyF0-00587-00167079-00167247 By which I mean to say,
fwNChrOJyF0-00588-00167247-00167600 this policy has sometimes been popular because,
fwNChrOJyF0-00589-00167600-00167990 and sometimes despite, it having a disproportionately adverse
fwNChrOJyF0-00590-00167990-00168147 impact on blacks and others.
fwNChrOJyF0-00591-00168147-00168444 I know it is not only blacks who are affected.
fwNChrOJyF0-00592-00168444-00168623 I will suggest that of all this has occurred,
fwNChrOJyF0-00593-00168623-00168901 when feasible alternative policies existed, and were known
fwNChrOJyF0-00594-00168901-00169143 to exist, that might have produced much less harm.
fwNChrOJyF0-00595-00169143-00169438 I will suggest that this punishment policy complex,
fwNChrOJyF0-00596-00169438-00169564 has become a principle way
fwNChrOJyF0-00597-00169564-00169889 in which racial hierarchy is reproduced in our society
fwNChrOJyF0-00598-00169889-00170133 and I will insist that this matter requires, and deserves,
fwNChrOJyF0-00599-00170133-00170467 a concerted attention of the nation's policy makers.
fwNChrOJyF0-00600-00170467-00170778 In a rush to declare ourselves healed of the disease of racism,
fwNChrOJyF0-00601-00170778-00171101 which had festered for a century after emancipation.
fwNChrOJyF0-00602-00171101-00171350 In a hurry to celebrate our having solved Gunnar Myrdal's
fwNChrOJyF0-00603-00171350-00171700 American dilemma, we have embraced what criminologist,
fwNChrOJyF0-00604-00171700-00171955 Michael Tonry calls, a policy of malign neglect.
fwNChrOJyF0-00605-00171955-00172288 And in doing so we, as a society, has stumbled,
fwNChrOJyF0-00606-00172288-00172615 more or less, wittingly, into a God awful cul de sac.
fwNChrOJyF0-00607-00172615-00172992 I will claim that the connection of this apparatus to the history
fwNChrOJyF0-00608-00172992-00173264 of racial degradation and insubordination in our country,
fwNChrOJyF0-00609-00173264-00173682 lynching, minstrelsy, segregation, ghetto-ization,
fwNChrOJyF0-00610-00173682-00173795 is virtually self evident.
fwNChrOJyF0-00611-00173795-00174063 And that the racial subtext of our law and order,
fwNChrOJyF0-00612-00174063-00174329 political discourses over the last three decades,
fwNChrOJyF0-00613-00174329-00174516 has been palpable.
fwNChrOJyF0-00614-00174649-00175497 So, let's take a look at some of the -- at some of the facts.
fwNChrOJyF0-00615-00176021-00176273 Trends in U.S. imprisonment over the last 40 years,
fwNChrOJyF0-00616-00176273-00176497 have three features that I think are worth calling
fwNChrOJyF0-00617-00176497-00176616 to your attention.
fwNChrOJyF0-00618-00176616-00176920 They are wildly disparate to what one finds
fwNChrOJyF0-00619-00176920-00177095 in the countries in the west.
fwNChrOJyF0-00620-00177095-00177248 They're completely out of line
fwNChrOJyF0-00621-00177248-00177462 with anything heretofore observed
fwNChrOJyF0-00622-00177462-00177711 in our own history in this country.
fwNChrOJyF0-00623-00177711-00178108 And they are wildly disparate by race and social class.
fwNChrOJyF0-00624-00178108-00178453 So here, taking some numbers from Bruce Western's book
fwNChrOJyF0-00625-00178453-00178724 "Punishment and Inequality in America,"
fwNChrOJyF0-00626-00178724-00179157 Russell Sage Foundation 2008, if I'm not mistaken.
fwNChrOJyF0-00627-00179157-00179373 Maybe a little bit earlier than that.
fwNChrOJyF0-00628-00179373-00179840 Are some early 21st century comparative data,
fwNChrOJyF0-00629-00179840-00180211 showing the per 100,000 rates of incarceration
fwNChrOJyF0-00630-00180211-00180322 in a variety of countries.
fwNChrOJyF0-00631-00180322-00180730 You can see the U.S. is a far outlier, relative to the UK,
fwNChrOJyF0-00632-00180730-00181102 which leads the pack of west European nations
fwNChrOJyF0-00633-00181102-00181309 that are depicted there.
fwNChrOJyF0-00634-00181309-00181672 And here is the trend over the course
fwNChrOJyF0-00635-00181672-00181915 of the last three-quarters of the 20th century
fwNChrOJyF0-00636-00181915-00182396 and into the 21st century, and the incarceration rate
fwNChrOJyF0-00637-00182396-00182525 within the United States.
fwNChrOJyF0-00638-00182525-00182866 And as you can see, the scale of incarceration in the country,
fwNChrOJyF0-00639-00182866-00183145 this is per 100,000, was relatively stable.
fwNChrOJyF0-00640-00183145-00183462 Rising somewhat during the depression,
fwNChrOJyF0-00641-00183462-00183781 but relatively stable at about low 100s per 100,000.
fwNChrOJyF0-00642-00183781-00184369 Until we get to the early 1970s, when a regime shift is evident
fwNChrOJyF0-00643-00184369-00184754 in the data there with the rapid increase thereafter.
fwNChrOJyF0-00644-00184859-00185288 These are the raw numbers of children 14 --
fwNChrOJyF0-00645-00185288-00185798 or under, estimated to have a parent incarcerated
fwNChrOJyF0-00646-00185798-00186179 of the by race.
fwNChrOJyF0-00647-00186179-00186500 And you can see there that African Americans are --
fwNChrOJyF0-00648-00186500-00186704 children, there are roughly twice as many of them.
fwNChrOJyF0-00649-00186704-00186814 These are absolute numbers.
fwNChrOJyF0-00650-00186814-00187025 Blacks, of course, are a minority in the population.
fwNChrOJyF0-00651-00187025-00187303 The impact of incarcerated parenting,
fwNChrOJyF0-00652-00187303-00187425 parents who are incarcerated --
fwNChrOJyF0-00653-00187425-00187654 the incidents of that phenomenon amongst African Americans
fwNChrOJyF0-00654-00187654-00187886 is substantial.
fwNChrOJyF0-00655-00187886-00188170 I'm really only trying to illustrate the racial disparity
fwNChrOJyF0-00656-00188170-00188419 in the scale of this phenomenon.
fwNChrOJyF0-00657-00188419-00189515 Right. I want to make the observation that the trends
fwNChrOJyF0-00658-00189515-00189760 in incarceration rates and in crime rates,
fwNChrOJyF0-00659-00189760-00189941 are not paralleling one another.
fwNChrOJyF0-00660-00189941-00190257 And in that, in fact, the rise that you see here,
fwNChrOJyF0-00661-00190257-00190612 in incarceration after 1970, continues on after 1990,
fwNChrOJyF0-00662-00190612-00190750 although at a somewhat reduced rate.
fwNChrOJyF0-00663-00190750-00191107 Notwithstanding the fact that crime rates fall dramatically
fwNChrOJyF0-00664-00191107-00191297 after 1990, a phenomenon
fwNChrOJyF0-00665-00191297-00191573 that has drawn the attention of many scholars.
fwNChrOJyF0-00666-00191573-00191831 And you can see there, superimposed
fwNChrOJyF0-00667-00191831-00192010 on a graph showing the dark circles,
fwNChrOJyF0-00668-00192010-00192230 the incarceration rate per 100,000.
fwNChrOJyF0-00669-00192230-00192649 The incidents of index crimes per 100,000, the open circles,
fwNChrOJyF0-00670-00192649-00192903 which takes a downturn after 1990,
fwNChrOJyF0-00671-00192903-00193171 although incarceration continues to rise.
fwNChrOJyF0-00672-00193171-00193521 Likewise, here you can see a somewhat finer depiction
fwNChrOJyF0-00673-00193521-00193786 of various kinds of crime.
fwNChrOJyF0-00674-00193786-00193992 Property and violent crime.
fwNChrOJyF0-00675-00193992-00194116 And again, this decline
fwNChrOJyF0-00676-00194116-00194540 after 1990 is discernible in those data.
fwNChrOJyF0-00677-00194540-00194837 It is worth noting, however, that --
fwNChrOJyF0-00678-00194837-00195107 and this is Loic Wacquant the sociologist at Berkeley,
fwNChrOJyF0-00679-00195107-00195202 who stresses this point.
fwNChrOJyF0-00680-00195202-00195273 I think he's right.
fwNChrOJyF0-00681-00195273-00195458 He doesn't like the term mass incarceration,
fwNChrOJyF0-00682-00195458-00195744 although that's kind of entered into the lexicon now.
fwNChrOJyF0-00683-00195744-00195917 Prefers to say hyper-incarceration,
fwNChrOJyF0-00684-00195917-00196050 because the phenomenon we're talking
fwNChrOJyF0-00685-00196050-00196339 about is heavily concentrated amongst nonwhite
fwNChrOJyF0-00686-00196339-00196659 and poorly educated men.
fwNChrOJyF0-00687-00196659-00196988 That's indicated here in this chart, which again,
fwNChrOJyF0-00688-00196988-00197375 I borrow from the work of Bruce Western, Sociologist at Harvard,
fwNChrOJyF0-00689-00197375-00197870 where he has estimated the incidence of incarceration
fwNChrOJyF0-00690-00197870-00198273 for two different cohorts of young men.
fwNChrOJyF0-00691-00198273-00198797 Those who were 20 to 34 years old in 1980 and those
fwNChrOJyF0-00692-00198797-00199154 who were 20 to 34 years old in 2008, the pink
fwNChrOJyF0-00693-00199154-00199402 and blue bars, respectively.
fwNChrOJyF0-00694-00199402-00199676 He breaks it out by race, and by whether
fwNChrOJyF0-00695-00199676-00199893 or not persons have completed high school
fwNChrOJyF0-00696-00199893-00200166 and you can see what the data is showing you there.
fwNChrOJyF0-00697-00200166-00200502 That's a 37% chance that a 20
fwNChrOJyF0-00698-00200502-00201081 to 34-year-old high school dropout will be incarcerated
fwNChrOJyF0-00699-00201081-00201847 in that cohort of persons who were 20 to 34 years old in 2008.
fwNChrOJyF0-00700-00201847-00202221 And this is similar data depicting an estimate
fwNChrOJyF0-00701-00202221-00202506 of the lifetime risk of incarceration for people
fwNChrOJyF0-00702-00202506-00202628 in those same cohorts.
fwNChrOJyF0-00703-00202628-00203134 This is now the idea that you're estimating the chance
fwNChrOJyF0-00704-00203134-00203378 that by the time they reach the age of 35, they will have been
fwNChrOJyF0-00705-00203378-00203582 in prison at some point during their lives,
fwNChrOJyF0-00706-00203582-00203885 for at least a year for a Felony offense.
fwNChrOJyF0-00707-00203885-00204436 That's a 69% lifetime incarceration risk for black,
fwNChrOJyF0-00708-00204436-00204778 male, high school dropouts, born in that later cohort.
fwNChrOJyF0-00709-00204778-00205238 I just have some data here
fwNChrOJyF0-00710-00205238-00205466 on characteristics of prison population.
fwNChrOJyF0-00711-00205466-00205631 I'm not going to dwell on this, but I just want to sort
fwNChrOJyF0-00712-00205631-00205752 of paint the picture here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00713-00205752-00206164 There are, you know, educational attainment,
fwNChrOJyF0-00714-00206164-00206331 broken out state and federal prisons.
fwNChrOJyF0-00715-00206331-00206600 But what you can see there, is two-thirds of state prisoners
fwNChrOJyF0-00716-00206600-00206964 as of 2004, have less than a high school education.
fwNChrOJyF0-00717-00206964-00207261 You can see that 18% of them were Hispanic.
fwNChrOJyF0-00718-00207261-00207469 You can see that 43% of them were black,
fwNChrOJyF0-00719-00207469-00207863 of course those categories overlap; black and Hispanic.
fwNChrOJyF0-00720-00207863-00208314 You can see that this is -- I'm looking at state prisoners now,
fwNChrOJyF0-00721-00208314-00208461 Federal prisoners are little bit older.
fwNChrOJyF0-00722-00208461-00208673 But a quarter of them are 27 or younger.
fwNChrOJyF0-00723-00208673-00209071 The median age is 34, in 2004 of state prisoners.
fwNChrOJyF0-00724-00209071-00209321 They were quite young when they were first arrested.
fwNChrOJyF0-00725-00209321-00209628 Nine percent presented heart problems among state prisoners,
fwNChrOJyF0-00726-00209628-00210221 14% presented asthma, 9.5% hepatitis.
fwNChrOJyF0-00727-00210221-00210555 Mental health issues -- any diagnosed mental health problem,
fwNChrOJyF0-00728-00210555-00210879 25% of state prisoners.
fwNChrOJyF0-00729-00210879-00211229 Some one in eight had attempted suicide at one point
fwNChrOJyF0-00730-00211229-00211580 in their life according to their survey.
fwNChrOJyF0-00731-00211580-00211940 So, so I guess I've said this, but I'm going to say it again.
fwNChrOJyF0-00732-00211940-00212223 I feel like the town crier, given the basic facts,
fwNChrOJyF0-00733-00212223-00212392 I have to ask myself what's the role
fwNChrOJyF0-00734-00212392-00212552 of the social scientist here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00735-00212552-00212769 It's not just bin counting.
fwNChrOJyF0-00736-00212769-00213060 I have to take note of the fact that serious ethical
fwNChrOJyF0-00737-00213060-00213390 and policy concerns are raised and one has to ask
fwNChrOJyF0-00738-00213390-00213576 about such a circumstance.
fwNChrOJyF0-00739-00213576-00213698 How did it come to pass?
fwNChrOJyF0-00740-00213698-00213910 What were the motives of key decision makers?
fwNChrOJyF0-00741-00213910-00214001 Are we looking merely
fwNChrOJyF0-00742-00214001-00214381 at unintended consequences, or something else?
fwNChrOJyF0-00743-00214381-00214736 So, let me.
fwNChrOJyF0-00744-00215758-00216290 Return to my text here if I may.
fwNChrOJyF0-00745-00216290-00216764 Because it's not only the quantitative magnitude
fwNChrOJyF0-00746-00216764-00217219 of the expansive incarceration that demands our attention,
fwNChrOJyF0-00747-00217219-00217566 it's also the qualitative change in our thinking about the role
fwNChrOJyF0-00748-00217566-00217713 of these institutions that warrants
fwNChrOJyF0-00749-00217713-00218004 to be remarked upon here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00750-00218004-00218242 There has been a qualitative transformation
fwNChrOJyF0-00751-00218242-00218364 of punishment in America.
fwNChrOJyF0-00752-00218364-00218662 In deed, the ideas underlying the doing of criminal justice,
fwNChrOJyF0-00753-00218662-00218942 the super structure of justifications
fwNChrOJyF0-00754-00218942-00219317 and rationalizations have also undergone a sea change
fwNChrOJyF0-00755-00219317-00219617 and a new institutional forms has emerged.
fwNChrOJyF0-00756-00219617-00219844 Alongside bureaus of policing and imprisonment,
fwNChrOJyF0-00757-00219844-00220146 what David Garland, the NYU sociologist calls
fwNChrOJyF0-00758-00220146-00220801 in his fine book, "The Culture of Control."
fwNChrOJyF0-00759-00220801-00221167 New apparatus of prevention and security has arisen,
fwNChrOJyF0-00760-00221167-00221476 expanding sectors made up of, and I quote Garland here,
fwNChrOJyF0-00761-00221476-00221786 "Crime prevention organizations, public-private partnerships,
fwNChrOJyF0-00762-00221786-00221957 community policing arrangements,
fwNChrOJyF0-00763-00221957-00222206 and multi-agency working practices,
fwNChrOJyF0-00764-00222206-00222441 that link together the different authorities whose activities
fwNChrOJyF0-00765-00222441-00222711 bear upon the problem of crime and security.
fwNChrOJyF0-00766-00222711-00222923 This sector consists mainly of networks,
fwNChrOJyF0-00767-00222923-00223229 and coordinating practices, local authority panels,
fwNChrOJyF0-00768-00223229-00223513 working groups, multi-agency forums,
fwNChrOJyF0-00769-00223513-00223714 so-called business improvement districts,
fwNChrOJyF0-00770-00223714-00224046 and various action committees, whose primary task is to link
fwNChrOJyF0-00771-00224046-00224296 up the activities of existing actors and agencies
fwNChrOJyF0-00772-00224296-00224619 and direct their effort toward new -- toward crime reduction."
fwNChrOJyF0-00773-00224619-00224778 Closed quote, from Garland.
fwNChrOJyF0-00774-00224778-00225007 He's quite explicit in --
fwNChrOJyF0-00775-00225007-00225242 about the function of these developments.
fwNChrOJyF0-00776-00225242-00225494 To keep them away from us.
fwNChrOJyF0-00777-00225494-00225803 He says, the prison is used today as a kind of reservation,
fwNChrOJyF0-00778-00225803-00226044 a quarantine zone, in which purportedly dangerous
fwNChrOJyF0-00779-00226044-00226411 individuals are segregated in the name of public safety.
fwNChrOJyF0-00780-00226411-00226801 It is, and I quote him, "A string of --
fwNChrOJyF0-00781-00226801-00227016 it is a string of work-camps and prisons,
fwNChrOJyF0-00782-00227016-00227298 strong across a vast country, housing millions of people,
fwNChrOJyF0-00783-00227298-00227546 drawn mainly from classes and racial groups that are seen
fwNChrOJyF0-00784-00227546-00227873 as politically and economically problematic.
fwNChrOJyF0-00785-00227873-00228146 The border between prison and community," Garland says is,
fwNChrOJyF0-00786-00228146-00228313 and I quote again "Heavily patrolled
fwNChrOJyF0-00787-00228313-00228571 and carefully monitored to prevent leaking out from one
fwNChrOJyF0-00788-00228571-00228998 to the other, except there are many leakages.
fwNChrOJyF0-00789-00228998-00229365 Those offenders who are released into the community are subject
fwNChrOJyF0-00790-00229365-00229633 to ever-tighter control and often return to custody
fwNChrOJyF0-00791-00229633-00229846 for violation of the conditions of their release.
fwNChrOJyF0-00792-00229846-00229953 Many of these parolees
fwNChrOJyF0-00793-00229953-00230373 and ex-convicts are never really free, in that they continue
fwNChrOJyF0-00794-00230373-00230685 to be closely monitored and never really live a normal life,
fwNChrOJyF0-00795-00230685-00231103 they suffer as I say, a form of civic excommunication."
fwNChrOJyF0-00796-00231103-00231623 Under this brave, new security dispensation,
fwNChrOJyF0-00797-00231623-00231929 relations between the media, the politicians,
fwNChrOJyF0-00798-00231929-00232086 and the public have been transformed.
fwNChrOJyF0-00799-00232086-00232342 High profile cases get excessive media attention
fwNChrOJyF0-00800-00232342-00232517 and then general public outrage.
fwNChrOJyF0-00801-00232517-00232771 Some predator does an awful thing to an innocent.
fwNChrOJyF0-00802-00232771-00232965 The system has failed, yet again, it is said,
fwNChrOJyF0-00803-00232965-00233359 allowing a perpetrator -- think Willy Horton, out on furlough,
fwNChrOJyF0-00804-00233359-00233590 releasing an apparently guilty defendant,
fwNChrOJyF0-00805-00233590-00233831 because the convicting evidence was gathered in violation
fwNChrOJyF0-00806-00233831-00234091 of the defendant's rights, giving yet another example
fwNChrOJyF0-00807-00234091-00234371 of revolving door -- so called, revolving door justice.
fwNChrOJyF0-00808-00234371-00234613 Calling to mind the old Clint Eastwood
fwNChrOJyF0-00809-00234613-00234951 "Dirty Harry" from the 1970s.
fwNChrOJyF0-00810-00234951-00235233 Public attention in such cases, is typically all
fwNChrOJyF0-00811-00235233-00235498 out of proportion to the actual frequency of their occurrence
fwNChrOJyF0-00812-00235498-00235746 And yet laws, such as three strikes and you're out,
fwNChrOJyF0-00813-00235746-00235942 or violent sexual predator laws,
fwNChrOJyF0-00814-00235942-00236210 and political careers can be made on the bases
fwNChrOJyF0-00815-00236210-00236492 of the public's visceral fear-driven reaction
fwNChrOJyF0-00816-00236492-00236767 to the publicity given to such events.
fwNChrOJyF0-00817-00236767-00237052 In such a way as this by acreation, has the emphasis
fwNChrOJyF0-00818-00237052-00237169 of this system been built.
fwNChrOJyF0-00819-00237169-00237377 And despite signs that the horrid nature
fwNChrOJyF0-00820-00237377-00237613 of this shift is being more widely recognized today.
fwNChrOJyF0-00821-00237613-00237862 The slow-moving behemoth of a system is unlikely now
fwNChrOJyF0-00822-00237862-00238078 to be turned on a dime.
fwNChrOJyF0-00823-00238078-00238504 Course, this argument for which circumstantial evidence can be
fwNChrOJyF0-00824-00238504-00238809 adduced as speculative, to some degree.
fwNChrOJyF0-00825-00238809-00239286 But something interesting has been going on in the connections
fwNChrOJyF0-00826-00239286-00239553 between race and imprisonment.
fwNChrOJyF0-00827-00239553-00239904 Toward that end, I was taken by one.
fwNChrOJyF0-00828-00239904-00239936 Here I am.
fwNChrOJyF0-00829-00239936-00240384 I have to skip by some of this stuff
fwNChrOJyF0-00830-00240384-00240621 because there's just not enough time.
fwNChrOJyF0-00831-00240621-00240942 I do want to talk about the war on drugs,
fwNChrOJyF0-00832-00240942-00241196 but I want to find my chart first.
fwNChrOJyF0-00833-00241650-00241796 Oh here's my chart.
fwNChrOJyF0-00834-00241796-00242032 So this is Martin Gilens, the political scientist
fwNChrOJyF0-00835-00242032-00242316 at Princeton, whose book, "Why Americans Hate Welfare,"
fwNChrOJyF0-00836-00242316-00242585 is not at all -- is quite interesting and not
fwNChrOJyF0-00837-00242585-00242755 at all unrelated to the phenomenon
fwNChrOJyF0-00838-00242755-00242881 that I'm talking about here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00839-00242881-00243337 I think because the shift in thinking about social supports
fwNChrOJyF0-00840-00243337-00243598 for poor people, for dependent families.
fwNChrOJyF0-00841-00243598-00243828 For mothers who have children without husbands and the shift
fwNChrOJyF0-00842-00243828-00244023 in thinking about punishment,
fwNChrOJyF0-00843-00244023-00244355 are affecting similar populations, and again,
fwNChrOJyF0-00844-00244355-00244563 it's speculative, but I think not implausible,
fwNChrOJyF0-00845-00244563-00245107 driven by similar underlying political dynamics.
fwNChrOJyF0-00846-00245107-00245542 What this graph shows is answers to,
fwNChrOJyF0-00847-00245542-00245775 in the general social survey, questions designed
fwNChrOJyF0-00848-00245775-00246014 to elicit people's attitudes of approval or not
fwNChrOJyF0-00849-00246014-00246113 for the welfare state.
fwNChrOJyF0-00850-00246113-00246178 And their added --
fwNChrOJyF0-00851-00246178-00246552 their liberalness with their respects to racial attitudes.
fwNChrOJyF0-00852-00246552-00246959 Racial and welfare policy preferences over that period.
fwNChrOJyF0-00853-00246959-00247317 And what you can see is that, prior to the mid 1960s,
fwNChrOJyF0-00854-00247317-00247723 there was little correlation year to year in the movement
fwNChrOJyF0-00855-00247723-00248157 in this survey -- this annual survey of American attitudes.
fwNChrOJyF0-00856-00248157-00248587 But after 1960, they tend to move fairly closely together.
fwNChrOJyF0-00857-00248587-00248731 Which doesn't prove anything of course,
fwNChrOJyF0-00858-00248731-00248966 but is at least suggestive of the fact that something --
fwNChrOJyF0-00859-00248966-00249298 something is going on.
fwNChrOJyF0-00860-00249298-00249496 Anyway, let me back up here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00861-00249496-00250419 Okay. And then there's the war on drugs.
fwNChrOJyF0-00862-00250627-00250976 Extent massive, incidence vastly unequal by race,
fwNChrOJyF0-00863-00250976-00251131 effectiveness dubious.
fwNChrOJyF0-00864-00251131-00251338 There was a popular book out there
fwNChrOJyF0-00865-00251338-00251548 by a woman called Michelle Alexander,
fwNChrOJyF0-00866-00251548-00251835 "The New Jim Crow," this book is called.
fwNChrOJyF0-00867-00251835-00251911 It's a good read.
fwNChrOJyF0-00868-00251911-00252198 It's sold a lot of copies and it's gotten a lot attention.
fwNChrOJyF0-00869-00252198-00252478 Alexander is a law professor at Ohio State.
fwNChrOJyF0-00870-00252478-00252787 An African American woman who had been a prosecutor
fwNChrOJyF0-00871-00252787-00252991 for the NAAC -- I mean a prosecutor?
fwNChrOJyF0-00872-00252991-00253387 A civil rights lawyer for the NAACP legal defense fund earlier
fwNChrOJyF0-00873-00253387-00253931 in her career, and has issued this cry from the heart,
fwNChrOJyF0-00874-00253931-00254340 about the extent to which imprisonment has become,
fwNChrOJyF0-00875-00254340-00254482 what she calls the new Jim crow.
fwNChrOJyF0-00876-00254482-00254769 Now, I'm somewhat dubious about the analogy to Jim Crow.
fwNChrOJyF0-00877-00254769-00255114 I think those kind of analogies are more rhetorical
fwNChrOJyF0-00878-00255114-00255283 than they are of analytic insight.
fwNChrOJyF0-00879-00255283-00255450 But, in any case.
fwNChrOJyF0-00880-00255450-00255814 She fingers the war on drugs as a principle aspect
fwNChrOJyF0-00881-00255814-00256062 of this new regime that we've entered into,
fwNChrOJyF0-00882-00256062-00256492 and I think that that's something that deserves
fwNChrOJyF0-00883-00256492-00256816 to be taken seriously, and let me just give you an indication
fwNChrOJyF0-00884-00256816-00257113 of what it is that I'm talking about here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00885-00257113-00257514 So, this just shows you what the war on drugs is, if you measure
fwNChrOJyF0-00886-00257514-00257767 that by the federal budget spent
fwNChrOJyF0-00887-00257767-00258082 on drug control policy of all kinds.
fwNChrOJyF0-00888-00258082-00258382 We have the numbers there in constant dollars from 1986
fwNChrOJyF0-00889-00258382-00258685 through the end of the 20th century.
fwNChrOJyF0-00890-00258685-00258862 And you see a real takeoff.
fwNChrOJyF0-00891-00258862-00259064 I mean that's two billion dollars.
fwNChrOJyF0-00892-00259064-00259378 Those are thousands of millions of dollars down there.
fwNChrOJyF0-00893-00259378-00259854 So that's two billion dollars in 1986 on all forms
fwNChrOJyF0-00894-00259854-00260508 of drug control efforts, at the federal level, domestic
fwNChrOJyF0-00895-00260508-00260764 and international and inter-cition efforts,
fwNChrOJyF0-00896-00260764-00260994 as well as money spent by the federal government
fwNChrOJyF0-00897-00260994-00261214 on treatment and prevention.
fwNChrOJyF0-00898-00261214-00261658 And that rises to 18 billion, up by a factor of nine
fwNChrOJyF0-00899-00261658-00261902 over a 15 year period in that data.
fwNChrOJyF0-00900-00261902-00262197 And you can see that the bulk of the increase is associated
fwNChrOJyF0-00901-00262197-00262322 with domestic law enforcement.
fwNChrOJyF0-00902-00262322-00262570 But in any case, that's the war on drugs rendered
fwNChrOJyF0-00903-00262570-00262914 in a -- in a single picture.
fwNChrOJyF0-00904-00262914-00263641 And this is the survey results
fwNChrOJyF0-00905-00263641-00263955 of American 12th graders reporting drug use in the --
fwNChrOJyF0-00906-00263955-00264388 illicit drug use in the last 30 days, by various substances.
fwNChrOJyF0-00907-00264388-00264685 All illicit drugs is the top line, marijuana and cocaine,
fwNChrOJyF0-00908-00264685-00265152 and then other illicit drugs are broken out, separately.
fwNChrOJyF0-00909-00265152-00265592 And what you can see there is that there is a secular decrease
fwNChrOJyF0-00910-00265592-00266052 in drug use amongst 12th graders in the United States that --
fwNChrOJyF0-00911-00266052-00266218 can I do this here, it kind of looks
fwNChrOJyF0-00912-00266218-00266514 like I can do this here -- that begins when?
fwNChrOJyF0-00913-00266514-00266800 It begins in the late 1970s
fwNChrOJyF0-00914-00266800-00267281 and has already decreased precipitately during the '80s.
fwNChrOJyF0-00915-00267281-00267509 It begins before the war on drugs, shown to you
fwNChrOJyF0-00916-00267509-00267918 by that expenditure chart, had it's onset.
fwNChrOJyF0-00917-00267918-00268412 And then experiences an increase, even though we're
fwNChrOJyF0-00918-00268412-00268689 at the -- okay, again, I'm not arguing causality here,
fwNChrOJyF0-00919-00268689-00268918 I'm just making the circumstantial observation
fwNChrOJyF0-00920-00268918-00269277 that decline in drug use pre-dates the war on drugs
fwNChrOJyF0-00921-00269277-00269617 and it -- drug use rises sharply even
fwNChrOJyF0-00922-00269617-00269909 after the war has been initiated.
fwNChrOJyF0-00923-00269909-00270419 Drug use in the United States is quite high,
fwNChrOJyF0-00924-00270419-00270663 compared with other countries, not withstanding that we've been
fwNChrOJyF0-00925-00270663-00271057 at war for a couple of decades.
fwNChrOJyF0-00926-00271057-00271487 So, this is early 21st century comparative data.
fwNChrOJyF0-00927-00271487-00272156 I'm taking this from a paper by John Donahue at Yale Law school.
fwNChrOJyF0-00928-00272156-00272495 But you can see here, cannabis use
fwNChrOJyF0-00929-00272495-00272682 in the United States and New Zealand.
fwNChrOJyF0-00930-00272682-00272871 I don't know what's going on in New Zealand,
fwNChrOJyF0-00931-00272871-00273353 but are distinctly higher than what's reported at least,
fwNChrOJyF0-00932-00273353-00273767 in the other countries that are represented there.
fwNChrOJyF0-00933-00273767-00273960 Likewise, cocaine usage
fwNChrOJyF0-00934-00273960-00274221 in the United States is a dramatic outlier relative
fwNChrOJyF0-00935-00274221-00274522 to other countries that are noted there.
fwNChrOJyF0-00936-00274522-00274880 And Donahue and his colleagues make the point that, you know,
fwNChrOJyF0-00937-00274880-00275159 if you want to believe that our effort
fwNChrOJyF0-00938-00275159-00275430 at containing drug use has been effective, then you have
fwNChrOJyF0-00939-00275430-00275664 to think that drug prevalence in the U.S. would stand
fwNChrOJyF0-00940-00275664-00275918 out even more globally, if we hadn't followed these policies
fwNChrOJyF0-00941-00275918-00276181 and I think there's good reason to doubt that.
fwNChrOJyF0-00942-00276181-00276635 Likewise, the Rand Corporation does a survey in American cities
fwNChrOJyF0-00943-00276635-00276882 to try to estimate the quality adjusted price
fwNChrOJyF0-00944-00276882-00277089 of the various illicit substances
fwNChrOJyF0-00945-00277089-00277339 on the streets of American cities.
fwNChrOJyF0-00946-00277339-00277725 Over of this period -- 20 year period, 1980 to 2000.
fwNChrOJyF0-00947-00277725-00277983 The graph is somewhat difficult to read.
fwNChrOJyF0-00948-00277983-00278242 But I'll just tell you that the lines that you see sloping
fwNChrOJyF0-00949-00278242-00278554 down there, with one exception that spikes up in the late '80s,
fwNChrOJyF0-00950-00278554-00278813 early '90s and then trends down again.
fwNChrOJyF0-00951-00278813-00279079 Are the quality adjusted prices on the American streets
fwNChrOJyF0-00952-00279079-00279455 for various substances, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine.
fwNChrOJyF0-00953-00279455-00279808 And they're all trending down -- sharply down.
fwNChrOJyF0-00954-00279808-00279960 While the lines that you see going up, there,
fwNChrOJyF0-00955-00279960-00280192 the solid line is an index of incarceration
fwNChrOJyF0-00956-00280192-00280382 for drug offenses over this period.
fwNChrOJyF0-00957-00280382-00280687 And the dash line is an index of frequency
fwNChrOJyF0-00958-00280687-00280996 with which emergency room treatments, involve the mention
fwNChrOJyF0-00959-00280996-00281283 of some drug abuse as the cause for the person coming
fwNChrOJyF0-00960-00281283-00281487 into the emergency room.
fwNChrOJyF0-00961-00281487-00281723 And they're trending up.
fwNChrOJyF0-00962-00281723-00281941 And I'm not proving anything, but drugs are cheaper
fwNChrOJyF0-00963-00281941-00282240 over the 20 year period on American streets,
fwNChrOJyF0-00964-00282240-00282442 when we were supposed to be constricting supply
fwNChrOJyF0-00965-00282442-00282860 through the policy, we might have expected prices to rise.
fwNChrOJyF0-00966-00282860-00283158 And likewise, problems that people are running
fwNChrOJyF0-00967-00283158-00283602 into using drugs have increased over this period.
fwNChrOJyF0-00968-00283602-00283960 Tobacco more addictive than other drugs by far.
fwNChrOJyF0-00969-00283960-00284453 And yet, the war on marijuana in New York City's quality
fwNChrOJyF0-00970-00284453-00284661 of life policing, the stop and frisk,
fwNChrOJyF0-00971-00284661-00284990 and small offense broken windows,
fwNChrOJyF0-00972-00284990-00285464 motivated policing shows dramatic shifts in the policy.
fwNChrOJyF0-00973-00285464-00285708 This is data from a Freedom of Information request
fwNChrOJyF0-00974-00285708-00286085 that a sociologist, Levine and his colleague at one
fwNChrOJyF0-00975-00286085-00286714 of the New York City colleges has gotten to be able to chart,
fwNChrOJyF0-00976-00286714-00286981 the frequency with which New York City policy officers are
fwNChrOJyF0-00977-00286981-00287390 detaining people for -- for possession of marijuana.
fwNChrOJyF0-00978-00287390-00287857 And there's massive racial disparity.
fwNChrOJyF0-00979-00287857-00288223 I take this from a Pew Foundation report
fwNChrOJyF0-00980-00288223-00288848 on the incidents of imprisonment and racial disparities and it --
fwNChrOJyF0-00981-00288848-00289089 and they indicate there were the data had come from.
fwNChrOJyF0-00982-00289089-00289445 But in any case, what you see is that youth --
fwNChrOJyF0-00983-00289445-00289685 drug use reported by race,
fwNChrOJyF0-00984-00289685-00289903 involvement in drug sales reported by race.
fwNChrOJyF0-00985-00289903-00290070 Both showing slightly higher incidents
fwNChrOJyF0-00986-00290070-00290209 of these phenomenon amongst whites
fwNChrOJyF0-00987-00290209-00290457 than amongst African Americans.
fwNChrOJyF0-00988-00290457-00290651 And yet, looking at juveniles who are detained
fwNChrOJyF0-00989-00290651-00291046 for drug offense by race, you see a much higher rate
fwNChrOJyF0-00990-00291046-00291497 of detention for African Americans than for whites.
fwNChrOJyF0-00991-00292207-00292622 Yeah. Similar data here, African Americans admitted
fwNChrOJyF0-00992-00292622-00292782 to state prisons for drug offenses
fwNChrOJyF0-00993-00292782-00293272 at almost 10 times the rates of whites.
fwNChrOJyF0-00994-00293272-00294080 So, let me think about how I'd like to move forward from here.
fwNChrOJyF0-00995-00294080-00294303 I'm going to come to this map
fwNChrOJyF0-00996-00294303-00294423 that you're looking at in a minute.
fwNChrOJyF0-00997-00294423-00294683 It's a snapshot, showing the intensity
fwNChrOJyF0-00998-00294683-00294976 by New York City neighborhood of incarceration
fwNChrOJyF0-00999-00294976-00295304 in two years; 1985 and 1996.
fwNChrOJyF0-01000-00295304-00295608 Meant to underscore the spatial concentration of the phenomenon
fwNChrOJyF0-01001-00295608-00295892 of incarceration in this particular city.
fwNChrOJyF0-01002-00295892-00296221 And how over that 11-year period, between '85 and '86,
fwNChrOJyF0-01003-00296221-00296391 areas of concentrated,
fwNChrOJyF0-01004-00296391-00296894 high rates of incarceration have basically grown, naturally or --
fwNChrOJyF0-01005-00296894-00297357 more of less naturally from what they had been earlier.
fwNChrOJyF0-01006-00297357-00297841 What all this comes to is that, with respect to the war
fwNChrOJyF0-01007-00297841-00298202 on drugs, to save our middle class kids from the threat
fwNChrOJyF0-01008-00298202-00298468 of their being engulfed by a drug epidemic
fwNChrOJyF0-01009-00298468-00298637 that might not have even existed
fwNChrOJyF0-01010-00298637-00298957 by the time the drug incarceration began rapidly
fwNChrOJyF0-01011-00298957-00299084 to rise in the 1980s,
fwNChrOJyF0-01012-00299084-00299484 we've criminalize our so-called underclass kids.
fwNChrOJyF0-01013-00299484-00299755 Arrests went up and up, drug prices went down and down.
fwNChrOJyF0-01014-00299755-00299904 And public consumption seems not
fwNChrOJyF0-01015-00299904-00300147 to have been much impacted by the policy.
fwNChrOJyF0-01016-00300147-00300531 An interesting case in point is New York City.
fwNChrOJyF0-01017-00300531-00300710 Criminologist, Jeffrey Fagen
fwNChrOJyF0-01018-00300710-00300940 and his colleagues have analyzed data on arrest
fwNChrOJyF0-01019-00300940-00301094 in New York City residential neighborhoods
fwNChrOJyF0-01020-00301094-00301295 and police precincts.
fwNChrOJyF0-01021-00301295-00301507 They report that 70% of state inmates
fwNChrOJyF0-01022-00301507-00301841 in New York come from New York City.
fwNChrOJyF0-01023-00301841-00302030 In the state of New York, come from the city.
fwNChrOJyF0-01024-00302030-00302235 Between 1990 and 2003,
fwNChrOJyF0-01025-00302235-00302410 the number of state prison inmates coming
fwNChrOJyF0-01026-00302410-00302809 from the city rose from 55,000 to 70,000.
fwNChrOJyF0-01027-00302809-00303074 The city also had an average daily the jail population
fwNChrOJyF0-01028-00303074-00303322 of nearly18,000.
fwNChrOJyF0-01029-00303322-00303423 Rates of incarceration
fwNChrOJyF0-01030-00303423-00303616 in New York City have been largely unaffected
fwNChrOJyF0-01031-00303616-00303952 by the city's dramatic declines in crime, they report.
fwNChrOJyF0-01032-00303952-00304117 Moreover, the increase in incarceration,
fwNChrOJyF0-01033-00304117-00304341 is in part attributable to aggressive enforcement
fwNChrOJyF0-01034-00304341-00304578 of drug laws, especially street level enforcement,
fwNChrOJyF0-01035-00304578-00304847 resulting in large numbers of Felony arrest
fwNChrOJyF0-01036-00304847-00305139 for retail drugs -- of retail drug sellers.
fwNChrOJyF0-01037-00305139-00305352 They note that drug related offenses have accounted
fwNChrOJyF0-01038-00305352-00305622 for an increasing proportion of prison admissions,
fwNChrOJyF0-01039-00305622-00305903 up from 12% of state admissions in 1985,
fwNChrOJyF0-01040-00305903-00306415 to 31% in 1990, to 38% by 1996.
fwNChrOJyF0-01041-00306415-00306619 Some 11,600 residents
fwNChrOJyF0-01042-00306619-00306866 of New York City entered the New York State prison system
fwNChrOJyF0-01043-00306866-00307748 on drug related offenses in 1996, compared to 9,345 in 1990.
fwNChrOJyF0-01044-00307748-00308030 In the New York City of these years, incarceration was highest
fwNChrOJyF0-01045-00308030-00308180 in the city's poorest neighborhoods.
fwNChrOJyF0-01046-00308180-00308409 Though these were not, in every instance, the neighborhoods
fwNChrOJyF0-01047-00308409-00308633 where the crime rates were highest.
fwNChrOJyF0-01048-00308633-00308888 Most interestingly, when these data were analyzed at the level
fwNChrOJyF0-01049-00308888-00309215 of police precinct, the authors discovered a perverse positive
fwNChrOJyF0-01050-00309215-00309403 feedback of incarceration on crime.
fwNChrOJyF0-01051-00309403-00309851 Higher incarceration in a given neighborhoods seem to "predict."
fwNChrOJyF0-01052-00309851-00309978 And one, of course, wants to be careful
fwNChrOJyF0-01053-00309978-00310300 with the econometrics here and the inferences about causality.
fwNChrOJyF0-01054-00310300-00310688 Higher crime rates one year later in the same neighborhoods.
fwNChrOJyF0-01055-00310688-00310917 These authors concluded that the growth and persistence
fwNChrOJyF0-01056-00310917-00311161 of incarceration over time, were due primarily
fwNChrOJyF0-01057-00311161-00311370 to drug enforcement and to sentencing laws
fwNChrOJyF0-01058-00311370-00311689 that required imprisonment for repeat felons.
fwNChrOJyF0-01059-00311689-00311999 Police scrutiny was more intensive and less forgiving,
fwNChrOJyF0-01060-00311999-00312306 in neighborhoods that had high incarceration rates.
fwNChrOJyF0-01061-00312306-00312624 And parolees returning to such neighborhoods were more like --
fwNChrOJyF0-01062-00312624-00312870 were being more closely monitored.
fwNChrOJyF0-01063-00312870-00313177 This discretionary, spatially discriminatory police behavior,
fwNChrOJyF0-01064-00313177-00313511 lead to high and increasing rate of repeat prison admissions
fwNChrOJyF0-01065-00313511-00313807 in the designated neighborhoods, even as crime rates fell.
fwNChrOJyF0-01066-00313807-00314134 Okay, that's the war on drugs.
fwNChrOJyF0-01067-00314134-00314411 I want to talk a little bit now about social causation
fwNChrOJyF0-01068-00314411-00314533 and social responsibility.
fwNChrOJyF0-01069-00314533-00314850 And then I want to talk about social ethics.
fwNChrOJyF0-01070-00314850-00315283 Then, I'm going to conclude.
fwNChrOJyF0-01071-00315283-00315471 I have five minutes, thank you [laughter].
fwNChrOJyF0-01072-00315471-00315515 >> [Inaudible].
fwNChrOJyF0-01073-00315515-00315635 >> Okay.
fwNChrOJyF0-01074-00316513-00316801 The minimalist, ethical principle that I wish
fwNChrOJyF0-01075-00316801-00317065 to advance here, is that historical,
fwNChrOJyF0-01076-00317065-00317354 racial injustice establishes a general presumption
fwNChrOJyF0-01077-00317354-00317797 against indifference to contemporary racial inequality.
fwNChrOJyF0-01078-00317797-00317958 Okay, so where is this coming from?
fwNChrOJyF0-01079-00317958-00318151 I have to skip over some stuff.
fwNChrOJyF0-01080-00318151-00318397 Some people will say what does race have
fwNChrOJyF0-01081-00318397-00318507 to do with any of this.
fwNChrOJyF0-01082-00318507-00318758 Some people will say the ethical issues here involve human
fwNChrOJyF0-01083-00318758-00319073 beings, regardless of their race.
fwNChrOJyF0-01084-00319073-00319405 Okay. Why are you harping on the racial disparities involved here
fwNChrOJyF0-01085-00319405-00319703 and what moral leverage do you think you get out of that?
fwNChrOJyF0-01086-00319703-00320009 They will say to me.
fwNChrOJyF0-01087-00320009-00320234 Okay. And it's in that context that I want
fwNChrOJyF0-01088-00320234-00320516 to advance my minimalist, ethical principle here.
fwNChrOJyF0-01089-00320516-00321241 Which is that the history that we have enured in the country
fwNChrOJyF0-01090-00321241-00321448 around these questions,
fwNChrOJyF0-01091-00321448-00321789 establishes a general presumption against indifference
fwNChrOJyF0-01092-00321789-00322048 to the racially despaired consequence
fwNChrOJyF0-01093-00322048-00322277 of contemporary social policies.
fwNChrOJyF0-01094-00322277-00322536 I don't need to find the smoking gun of a racist
fwNChrOJyF0-01095-00322536-00322670 who has treated somebody differently
fwNChrOJyF0-01096-00322670-00322878 because of their race, to take
fwNChrOJyF0-01097-00322878-00323118 on board the ethical significance and the imperative
fwNChrOJyF0-01098-00323118-00323411 to action of the observation that this is something
fwNChrOJyF0-01099-00323411-00323793 that is inconsistent with what American values are
fwNChrOJyF0-01100-00323793-00323958 that we purport to embrace.
fwNChrOJyF0-01101-00323958-00324082 We are hypocrites to extent
fwNChrOJyF0-01102-00324082-00324348 that we don't take seriously the ethical imperative
fwNChrOJyF0-01103-00324348-00324744 to mitigate this racial disparity, I want to argue.
fwNChrOJyF0-01104-00324744-00324859 And that's not because I think
fwNChrOJyF0-01105-00324859-00325093 that black people's welfare ought to count higher
fwNChrOJyF0-01106-00325093-00325285 in any social calculus,
fwNChrOJyF0-01107-00325285-00325480 it's because I see the present-day circumstance
fwNChrOJyF0-01108-00325480-00325816 as contiguous to, and in part a consequence of,
fwNChrOJyF0-01109-00325816-00326121 the history that is nearly universally regarded
fwNChrOJyF0-01110-00326121-00326463 as racial unjust.
fwNChrOJyF0-01111-00326463-00327023 From this perspective durable racial inequality can be
fwNChrOJyF0-01112-00327023-00327300 understood as the outgrowth of a series of vicious circles
fwNChrOJyF0-01113-00327300-00327531 of cumulative causation.
fwNChrOJyF0-01114-00327531-00327806 In a political economy type model, one can write
fwNChrOJyF0-01115-00327806-00328015 down with equations and all the rest,
fwNChrOJyF0-01116-00328015-00328316 with endogenous policy support free galitary reform,
fwNChrOJyF0-01117-00328316-00328620 benefiting a stigmatized racial group, depend on explanations
fwNChrOJyF0-01118-00328620-00329003 that ordinary people give, for observed racial disparities.
fwNChrOJyF0-01119-00329003-00329264 The association of blackness in the public imagination
fwNChrOJyF0-01120-00329264-00329530 with unworthiness, distorts cognitive processes,
fwNChrOJyF0-01121-00329530-00329986 promoting essentialist causal misattributions.
fwNChrOJyF0-01122-00329986-00330426 Translated, they see the disparity among blacks,
fwNChrOJyF0-01123-00330426-00330603 but they don't think of it as saying anything
fwNChrOJyF0-01124-00330603-00330833 about the structures in which people are imbedded,
fwNChrOJyF0-01125-00330833-00331103 but they rather impute the outcomes to the deficiencies
fwNChrOJyF0-01126-00331103-00331213 of the persons involved.
fwNChrOJyF0-01127-00331213-00331472 And they're more likely to do so with as a psychological matter,
fwNChrOJyF0-01128-00331472-00331717 to the extent that it's African-Americans,
fwNChrOJyF0-01129-00331717-00332291 given the history of race and racial stigma in the society.
fwNChrOJyF0-01130-00332291-00333028 The sum of a million cases, each one rightly judged
fwNChrOJyF0-01131-00333028-00333218 on it's merits to be individually fair,
fwNChrOJyF0-01132-00333218-00333618 can still constitute a great historic wrong.
fwNChrOJyF0-01133-00333618-00333776 A central reality of our time,
fwNChrOJyF0-01134-00333776-00334110 is the fact that there's opened a racial gap in the acquisition
fwNChrOJyF0-01135-00334110-00334476 of cognitive skills, in the extent of law abidingness,
fwNChrOJyF0-01136-00334476-00334720 in the stability of family relations, the attachment
fwNChrOJyF0-01137-00334720-00334893 to the workforce, and the like.
fwNChrOJyF0-01138-00334893-00335148 And this is a disparity in human development, which is,
fwNChrOJyF0-01139-00335148-00335636 as a historical matter, rooted in political, economic, social,
fwNChrOJyF0-01140-00335636-00335954 and cultural factors, peculiar to this society and reflective
fwNChrOJyF0-01141-00335954-00336209 of its unlovely racial history.
fwNChrOJyF0-01142-00336209-00336486 That is the inequality of human development that is reflected
fwNChrOJyF0-01143-00336486-00336768 in widely despaired rates of criminal offending by race
fwNChrOJyF0-01144-00336768-00337202 in this country, is a societal, not a communal
fwNChrOJyF0-01145-00337202-00337321 or personal achievement.
fwNChrOJyF0-01146-00337321-00337414 I just want to underscore this.
fwNChrOJyF0-01147-00337414-00337615 It's a societal product, it's something
fwNChrOJyF0-01148-00337615-00337858 in which we are all implicated.
fwNChrOJyF0-01149-00337858-00338099 It doesn't merely tell us something about them,
fwNChrOJyF0-01150-00338099-00338413 it also tells us something about us.
fwNChrOJyF0-01151-00338413-00338978 At the level of the individual case, we must, of course,
fwNChrOJyF0-01152-00338978-00339217 act as if this were not so.
fwNChrOJyF0-01153-00339217-00339553 There could be no law, and thus no civilization --
fwNChrOJyF0-01154-00339553-00339910 pardon the use of the word, without the imputation
fwNChrOJyF0-01155-00339910-00340036 to particular persons
fwNChrOJyF0-01156-00340036-00340260 of responsibility for wrongful acts.
fwNChrOJyF0-01157-00340260-00340553 This is an age-old problem, autonomy versus heteronomy,
fwNChrOJyF0-01158-00340553-00340793 I'm told by the philosophers.
fwNChrOJyF0-01159-00340793-00341075 But the state does not only deal with individual cases,
fwNChrOJyF0-01160-00341075-00341259 it also makes policies in the aggregate.
fwNChrOJyF0-01161-00341259-00341437 It decides how long sentences should be.
fwNChrOJyF0-01162-00341437-00341663 It decides whether or not to prosecute wars on drugs,
fwNChrOJyF0-01163-00341663-00341822 it deploys it's police resources
fwNChrOJyF0-01164-00341822-00342070 in particular ways, in particular places.
fwNChrOJyF0-01165-00342070-00342242 It is more or less, forgiving.
fwNChrOJyF0-01166-00342242-00342465 It deals with juveniles in this way or that,
fwNChrOJyF0-01167-00342465-00342692 depending upon the outcomes of social processes.
fwNChrOJyF0-01168-00342692-00342958 It either does or does not have three strikes and you're
fwNChrOJyF0-01169-00342958-00343072 out laws, and so forth.
fwNChrOJyF0-01170-00343072-00343393 These are choices that we're making in an ongoing way.
fwNChrOJyF0-01171-00343393-00343604 The law is endogenous.
fwNChrOJyF0-01172-00343604-00344033 We have lawbreakers, we also have lawmakers.
fwNChrOJyF0-01173-00344033-00344282 The lawmakers have choices.
fwNChrOJyF0-01174-00344282-00344474 Their choices have consequences.
fwNChrOJyF0-01175-00344474-00344807 They can mitigate the impact of what we're doing in the pursuit
fwNChrOJyF0-01176-00344807-00345066 of public safety, to the extent that it produces the kind
fwNChrOJyF0-01177-00345066-00345316 of cost and the differential incidence of those costs
fwNChrOJyF0-01178-00345316-00345486 that I've called attention to here.
fwNChrOJyF0-01179-00345486-00345710 To the extent that they elect not to,
fwNChrOJyF0-01180-00345710-00346046 those also will be choices that they've made.
fwNChrOJyF0-01181-00346046-00346660 So, I'm going to conclude.
fwNChrOJyF0-01182-00346660-00347006 What does all this tell us about our purportedly open
fwNChrOJyF0-01183-00347006-00347117 and democratic society.
fwNChrOJyF0-01184-00347117-00347447 What manner of people do our punishment policies reveal we
fwNChrOJyF0-01185-00347447-00347640 Americans to be.
fwNChrOJyF0-01186-00347640-00347799 Just look at what we've run.
fwNChrOJyF0-01187-00347799-00348186 We've established what, to many an outside observer,
fwNChrOJyF0-01188-00348186-00348352 looks like a system of social caste
fwNChrOJyF0-01189-00348352-00348506 in the center of our great cities.
fwNChrOJyF0-01190-00348506-00348715 I refer here to millions of stigmatized,
fwNChrOJyF0-01191-00348715-00348912 feared, and invisible people.
fwNChrOJyF0-01192-00348912-00349186 The extent of disparity between the children of the middle class
fwNChrOJyF0-01193-00349186-00349327 and the children of the disadvantaged,
fwNChrOJyF0-01194-00349327-00349596 to achieve their full human potential is virtually
fwNChrOJyF0-01195-00349596-00350025 unrivaled, elsewhere in the industrial, advanced,
fwNChrOJyF0-01196-00350025-00350256 civilized, free world.
fwNChrOJyF0-01197-00350256-00350567 And it is a disparity that is apparently taken
fwNChrOJyF0-01198-00350567-00350691 for granted in America.
fwNChrOJyF0-01199-00350691-00351038 We have a politics in which a politician dare not even speak
fwNChrOJyF0-01200-00351038-00351336 about the poor, about policy for the poor.
fwNChrOJyF0-01201-00351336-00351575 About our failures, visa vi the poor.
fwNChrOJyF0-01202-00351575-00352009 Certainly not about the black poor.
fwNChrOJyF0-01203-00352009-00352295 I see in a broader society, as I've said, as implicated
fwNChrOJyF0-01204-00352295-00352607 in the creation and maintenance of these damaged, neglected,
fwNChrOJyF0-01205-00352607-00352841 feared, and despised communities.
fwNChrOJyF0-01206-00352841-00353125 People who live in these places know that outsiders view them
fwNChrOJyF0-01207-00353125-00353355 with suspicion and contempt.
fwNChrOJyF0-01208-00353355-00353694 The plain historical fact is that North Philadelphia,
fwNChrOJyF0-01209-00353694-00353936 the west side of Chicago, or the east side of Detroit,
fwNChrOJyF0-01210-00353936-00354125 or South Central Los Angeles,
fwNChrOJyF0-01211-00354125-00354380 or a dozen other communities one could name, did not come
fwNChrOJyF0-01212-00354380-00354556 into being by accident or because
fwNChrOJyF0-01213-00354556-00354852 of some natural processes.
fwNChrOJyF0-01214-00354852-00355250 As again, the sociologist Loic Wacquant has emphasized
fwNChrOJyF0-01215-00355250-00355546 in his writing, these social formations are man made
fwNChrOJyF0-01216-00355546-00355786 structures that were created and have persisted
fwNChrOJyF0-01217-00355786-00355975 because the concentration of their residence
fwNChrOJyF0-01218-00355975-00356362 in such urban enclaves, serves the interest of others.
fwNChrOJyF0-01219-00356362-00356673 The desperate and vile behavior of some of the people caught
fwNChrOJyF0-01220-00356673-00356823 in these social structures,
fwNChrOJyF0-01221-00356823-00357105 reflect not merely their personal moral deviance,
fwNChrOJyF0-01222-00357105-00357486 but also the moral shortcomings of society as a whole.
fwNChrOJyF0-01223-00357486-00357829 And yet, we Americans have concluded, in effect,
fwNChrOJyF0-01224-00357829-00358021 that those languishing at the margins,
fwNChrOJyF0-01225-00358021-00358195 are simply reaping what they've sewn.
fwNChrOJyF0-01226-00358195-00358421 Their suffering is seen as having nothing to do with us,
fwNChrOJyF0-01227-00358421-00358679 as having, as I've said no --
fwNChrOJyF0-01228-00358679-00359097 as presenting no evidence about broader systemic failures.
fwNChrOJyF0-01229-00359827-00360024 A few summers ago, I took some time
fwNChrOJyF0-01230-00360024-00360159 to read the nonfiction writings
fwNChrOJyF0-01231-00360159-00360486 of the great 19th century Russian Novelist, Leo Tolstoy,
fwNChrOJyF0-01232-00360486-00360682 and the only reason I'm telling you this is because I want you
fwNChrOJyF0-01233-00360682-00360893 to know that I actually went and dug
fwNChrOJyF0-01234-00360893-00361334 out Tolstoy's essays and read them.
fwNChrOJyF0-01235-00361334-00361669 As you may know, he became an eccentric pacifist
fwNChrOJyF0-01236-00361669-00361900 and radical Christian critic at the end of his life.
fwNChrOJyF0-01237-00361900-00362156 I was stunned at the force of some of his arguments,
fwNChrOJyF0-01238-00362156-00362420 though I confess, I was not entirely persuaded by one
fwNChrOJyF0-01239-00362420-00362582 of his key points, namely
fwNChrOJyF0-01240-00362582-00363028 that a true Christian must be absolutely celibate.
fwNChrOJyF0-01241-00363028-00363547 What struck me most about [Inaudible] Tolstoy, though,
fwNChrOJyF0-01242-00363547-00363712 [laughter] was his provocative claim that the core
fwNChrOJyF0-01243-00363712-00364035 of Christianity lies in the sermon on the mount.
fwNChrOJyF0-01244-00364035-00364297 Jesus is saying there, he says, he says, "You see that fellow
fwNChrOJyF0-01245-00364297-00364443 over there committing some terrible sin?
fwNChrOJyF0-01246-00364443-00364862 Well, if you've ever lusted or allowed jealousy, or envy,
fwNChrOJyF0-01247-00364862-00365014 or hatred to enter your own heart, then you are
fwNChrOJyF0-01248-00365014-00365164 to be equally condemned."
fwNChrOJyF0-01249-00365164-00365370 And Tolstoy claims that this is the central teaching
fwNChrOJyF0-01250-00365370-00365517 of the Christian face -- faith.
fwNChrOJyF0-01251-00365517-00365763 Namely, that we're all in the same fix.
fwNChrOJyF0-01252-00365763-00365982 Now, now, don't worry that I'm about to launch
fwNChrOJyF0-01253-00365982-00366168 into some sermon here.
fwNChrOJyF0-01254-00366168-00366447 Still, it seems to me that this religious sentiment is entirely
fwNChrOJyF0-01255-00366447-00366760 relevant to our contemporary secular lives.
fwNChrOJyF0-01256-00366760-00367073 While the behavior pathologies and cultural threats that we see
fwNChrOJyF0-01257-00367073-00367441 in society, the moral erosions out there, the crime,
fwNChrOJyF0-01258-00367441-00367791 and drug addiction, sexually transmitted disease, idleness,
fwNChrOJyF0-01259-00367791-00367966 violence, and all manner of deviance.
fwNChrOJyF0-01260-00367966-00368222 While these are worrisome, nevertheless, our moral crusade
fwNChrOJyF0-01261-00368222-00368337 against these evils can take
fwNChrOJyF0-01262-00368337-00368649 on a pathological dimension of its own.
fwNChrOJyF0-01263-00368649-00368960 We can become self righteous, legalistic, ungenerous,
fwNChrOJyF0-01264-00368960-00369131 stiff-necked and hypocritical.
fwNChrOJyF0-01265-00369131-00369353 We can fail to see the mote in our own eye.
fwNChrOJyF0-01266-00369353-00369709 We can neglect to raise questions of social justice.
fwNChrOJyF0-01267-00369709-00370085 We can blind ourselves to the close relationship
fwNChrOJyF0-01268-00370085-00370368 that actually exists between behavioral pathology
fwNChrOJyF0-01269-00370368-00370576 and the underclass of our country, so called,
fwNChrOJyF0-01270-00370576-00370670 on the one hand,
fwNChrOJyF0-01271-00370670-00371010 and society-wide factors on the other.
fwNChrOJyF0-01272-00371010-00371437 No, I'm not a moral relativist, still when thinking
fwNChrOJyF0-01273-00371437-00371597 about the lives of the disadvantaged,
fwNChrOJyF0-01274-00371597-00371819 the fundamental premise that needs to be established and is
fwNChrOJyF0-01275-00371819-00371922 yet to be established
fwNChrOJyF0-01276-00371922-00372297 in American political discourse is that, well,
fwNChrOJyF0-01277-00372297-00372482 we're all in this together.
fwNChrOJyF0-01278-00372482-00372781 Those people are our people.
fwNChrOJyF0-01279-00372781-00372856 They're us.
fwNChrOJyF0-01280-00372856-00373155 Whatever their race, creed -- or country of origin.
fwNChrOJyF0-01281-00373155-00373464 Whether they be crack addicted, AIDS infected, mentally ill,
fwNChrOJyF0-01282-00373464-00373872 homeless, juvenile delinquents, drug sellers, or worse.
fwNChrOJyF0-01283-00373872-00374135 Whatever the malty, whatever the offense.
fwNChrOJyF0-01284-00374135-00374322 We're all in the same fix.
fwNChrOJyF0-01285-00374322-00374647 This is the point that [inaudible] and Jesus,
fwNChrOJyF0-01286-00374647-00374744 before him were making.
fwNChrOJyF0-01287-00374744-00374837 And this is the point I wish
fwNChrOJyF0-01288-00374837-00375071 to urge upon your consideration at this moment.
fwNChrOJyF0-01289-00375071-00375302 It is a point that, if taken seriously,
fwNChrOJyF0-01290-00375302-00375558 has profound implications for how the privileged among us,
fwNChrOJyF0-01291-00375558-00376121 and that's us, in this room, should conduct our lives.
fwNChrOJyF0-01292-00376121-00376180 I'll stop.
fwNChrOJyF0-01293-00376180-00376451 Thank you very much.
fwNChrOJyF0-01294-00376451-00377623 [ Applause ]
fwNChrOJyF0-01295-00377623-00377879 >> I'd just like to say, thank you, Professor Loury
fwNChrOJyF0-01296-00377879-00378197 for that wonderful talk and I'd also like to say,
fwNChrOJyF0-01297-00378197-00378498 thank you for leaving time for audience questions.
fwNChrOJyF0-01298-00378498-00378628 >> Did I?
fwNChrOJyF0-01299-00378628-00378638 >> Yes
fwNChrOJyF0-01300-00378638-00378707 >> I'm so glad.
fwNChrOJyF0-01301-00378707-00378774 I'm so glad.
fwNChrOJyF0-01302-00378774-00379061 >> Yes. We have about 15 minutes or so,
fwNChrOJyF0-01303-00379061-00379201 and I'll just get right into it.
fwNChrOJyF0-01304-00379201-00379596 The first question is, where should policymakers focus
fwNChrOJyF0-01305-00379596-00380023 in order to best address disproportionate minority
fwNChrOJyF0-01306-00380023-00380544 contact, law enforcement policy style, court system --
fwNChrOJyF0-01307-00380544-00380937 the court systems, or corrections?
fwNChrOJyF0-01308-00380937-00381107 >> Law enforcement, courts, or corrections,
fwNChrOJyF0-01309-00381107-00381728 so that's a limited range of options.
fwNChrOJyF0-01310-00381831-00382345 So what I would argue here, is that our sentences are too long
fwNChrOJyF0-01311-00382345-00382595 and our policy are too punitive for people
fwNChrOJyF0-01312-00382595-00382739 who are breaking our laws.
fwNChrOJyF0-01313-00382739-00382959 And I think I could get a lot of company in that.
fwNChrOJyF0-01314-00382959-00383372 I think -- so the econom [inaudible] Steven Durlough
fwNChrOJyF0-01315-00383372-00383491 [assumed spelling] and Daniel Naygun [assumed spelling] --
fwNChrOJyF0-01316-00383491-00383640 Durlough at Wisconsin and Naygun
fwNChrOJyF0-01317-00383640-00383928 at Carganie Mellon have a paper recently on deterrence.
fwNChrOJyF0-01318-00383928-00384255 This is a National Bureau of Economic Research working paper
fwNChrOJyF0-01319-00384255-00384535 that has now been published in the volume,
fwNChrOJyF0-01320-00384535-00384752 in which they systematically assess the evidence
fwNChrOJyF0-01321-00384752-00385068 on the behavior consequences of the anticipation
fwNChrOJyF0-01322-00385068-00385254 of criminal punishment.
fwNChrOJyF0-01323-00385254-00385614 Do burglars commit fewer burglaries if they anticipate
fwNChrOJyF0-01324-00385614-00385802 that the mean number of days
fwNChrOJyF0-01325-00385802-00386024 in prison conditioned along being apprehended,
fwNChrOJyF0-01326-00386024-00386209 has gone up by a certain amount.
fwNChrOJyF0-01327-00386209-00386430 They try to pin that down.
fwNChrOJyF0-01328-00386430-00386838 They come to the conclusion that certainty is much more important
fwNChrOJyF0-01329-00386838-00386989 than the severity of punishment.
fwNChrOJyF0-01330-00386989-00387229 They break up the expected --
fwNChrOJyF0-01331-00387229-00387672 the calculation of the expected cost of committing the burglary
fwNChrOJyF0-01332-00387672-00387869 into the two components, the probability
fwNChrOJyF0-01333-00387869-00388083 that you get apprehended and then conditional
fwNChrOJyF0-01334-00388083-00388177 on apprehension, the amount
fwNChrOJyF0-01335-00388177-00388408 of time you expect to spend in prison.
fwNChrOJyF0-01336-00388408-00388687 And they conclude that it's really the former,
fwNChrOJyF0-01337-00388687-00389045 the likelihood of being caught and punished,
fwNChrOJyF0-01338-00389045-00389273 whatever the length of the punishment that has most
fwNChrOJyF0-01339-00389273-00389751 of the leverage in generating any laxity from punishment
fwNChrOJyF0-01340-00389751-00389966 to behavior, a negative relationship.
fwNChrOJyF0-01341-00389966-00390261 They note, for example, in this paper,
fwNChrOJyF0-01342-00390261-00390641 that three strike laws are really deeply problematic,
fwNChrOJyF0-01343-00390641-00390897 both for the straightforward demographic reason,
fwNChrOJyF0-01344-00390897-00391126 that they keep people in prison long-past the time
fwNChrOJyF0-01345-00391126-00391370 when their offending behavior would have gone down,
fwNChrOJyF0-01346-00391370-00391575 but also for this causal behavioral reason,
fwNChrOJyF0-01347-00391575-00391889 that there's the evidence that they actually add much
fwNChrOJyF0-01348-00391889-00392010 to the deterrent effect
fwNChrOJyF0-01349-00392010-00392502 of law enforcement is essentially nonexistent.
fwNChrOJyF0-01350-00392502-00392863 So what's going on with these laws is symbolism.
fwNChrOJyF0-01351-00392863-00393240 It's a way of the legislature expressing to the public,
fwNChrOJyF0-01352-00393240-00393478 its concern about these matters,
fwNChrOJyF0-01353-00393478-00393755 but it's not necessarily effective policy.
fwNChrOJyF0-01354-00393755-00393980 So sentences could be shorter.
fwNChrOJyF0-01355-00393980-00394155 I didn't give the most comprehensive defense
fwNChrOJyF0-01356-00394155-00394464 of that claim but I think such a defense could be made.
fwNChrOJyF0-01357-00394464-00394695 On the other hand, the burden of what I'm arguing here is
fwNChrOJyF0-01358-00394695-00395016 that it's human development outside of the area
fwNChrOJyF0-01359-00395016-00395315 of public safety and law enforcement,
fwNChrOJyF0-01360-00395315-00395604 where we're really failing and where --
fwNChrOJyF0-01361-00395604-00395889 to the extent that we were prepared to invest more
fwNChrOJyF0-01362-00395889-00396037 of our resources and people are going to say,
fwNChrOJyF0-01363-00396037-00396363 yes we tried the war on poverty, the war on poverty failed ,
fwNChrOJyF0-01364-00396363-00396693 the war on cancer has also failed, you know.
fwNChrOJyF0-01365-00396693-00396832 People are still dying from diseases.
fwNChrOJyF0-01366-00396832-00397161 We haven't stopped looking for cures to these diseases
fwNChrOJyF0-01367-00397161-00397413 because people are still dying from them.
fwNChrOJyF0-01368-00397413-00397627 Why would we stop looking
fwNChrOJyF0-01369-00397627-00397917 for effective early childhood interventions
fwNChrOJyF0-01370-00397917-00398255 that might have material effect on the life courses
fwNChrOJyF0-01371-00398255-00398522 of the persons who are at the margins of society,
fwNChrOJyF0-01372-00398522-00398754 because a cost benefit study of this or that program,
fwNChrOJyF0-01373-00398754-00398907 suggested it hasn't been as effective
fwNChrOJyF0-01374-00398907-00399130 as we might have hoped that it would be.
fwNChrOJyF0-01375-00399130-00399363 I mean anything that I say here in response
fwNChrOJyF0-01376-00399363-00399595 to this question is going to be something of a platitude.
fwNChrOJyF0-01377-00399595-00399712 I'm not going to pretend
fwNChrOJyF0-01378-00399712-00399969 that I know how social policy should be redesigned
fwNChrOJyF0-01379-00399969-00400173 so that we don't have these problems,
fwNChrOJyF0-01380-00400173-00400442 but I think that our priorities are way out of whack
fwNChrOJyF0-01381-00400442-00400680 and that the emphasis should be on human development,
fwNChrOJyF0-01382-00400680-00400941 not on punitive policy.
fwNChrOJyF0-01383-00400941-00401051 >Thank you.
fwNChrOJyF0-01384-00401051-00401231 The next question is in reference
fwNChrOJyF0-01385-00401231-00401663 to the New York City stop and frisk policy.
fwNChrOJyF0-01386-00401663-00401979 You referenced urban policing and profiling,
fwNChrOJyF0-01387-00401979-00402181 how do you respond to Mayor Bloomberg
fwNChrOJyF0-01388-00402181-00402532 and Commissioner Kelly, who argue that the weapons seized
fwNChrOJyF0-01389-00402532-00402885 and lives saved as a result of stop and frisk,
fwNChrOJyF0-01390-00402885-00403138 disproportionately benefit minorities,
fwNChrOJyF0-01391-00403138-00403743 who sadly makeup the bulk of homicide victims.
fwNChrOJyF0-01392-00403743-00404309 >> My understanding of the data, this has been much discussed
fwNChrOJyF0-01393-00404309-00404540 of late, because there are public demonstrations
fwNChrOJyF0-01394-00404540-00404701 against stop and frisk in New York City
fwNChrOJyF0-01395-00404701-00404963 and there's really a real kind of movement that's getting going
fwNChrOJyF0-01396-00404963-00405333 against stop and frisk, is that the number
fwNChrOJyF0-01397-00405333-00405730 of weapons seized per relative to the scale of the stop
fwNChrOJyF0-01398-00405730-00405911 and frisk activity is really small.
fwNChrOJyF0-01399-00405911-00406194 I wish that I could cite chapter and verse about that precisely,
fwNChrOJyF0-01400-00406194-00406366 but I don't know those numbers off my head.
fwNChrOJyF0-01401-00406366-00406619 But I mean, you're talking, you know,
fwNChrOJyF0-01402-00406619-00406826 three or four orders of magnitude.
fwNChrOJyF0-01403-00406826-00407066 I mean most of what's happening in stop and frisk,
fwNChrOJyF0-01404-00407066-00407271 they're not finding people with hot weapons
fwNChrOJyF0-01405-00407271-00407452 that they can then take off the street
fwNChrOJyF0-01406-00407452-00407614 and thereby have some impact.
fwNChrOJyF0-01407-00407614-00408184 So, I mean, I remain to be persuaded that the magnitude
fwNChrOJyF0-01408-00408184-00408646 of the effect of violence reduction from stop and frisk,
fwNChrOJyF0-01409-00408646-00409238 is a benefit that warrants the cost in terms of the imposition
fwNChrOJyF0-01410-00409238-00409602 on civil liberties of ordinary people just walking around.
fwNChrOJyF0-01411-00409602-00409971 I mean I can just tell you, I was stopped and frisked
fwNChrOJyF0-01412-00409971-00410147 in New York City as a visiting professor
fwNChrOJyF0-01413-00410147-00410374 at Columbia University, living in a little apartment
fwNChrOJyF0-01414-00410374-00410585 on 113th Street in Harlem
fwNChrOJyF0-01415-00410585-00410885 because I was riding my bicycle on the sidewalk.
fwNChrOJyF0-01416-00410885-00411237 I had a bicycle, okay, I'm down on the flats, I want to get
fwNChrOJyF0-01417-00411237-00411421 up the hill to Morningside Heights
fwNChrOJyF0-01418-00411421-00411533 so I can go to my office, okay.
fwNChrOJyF0-01419-00411533-00411693 So I'm trying to ride up the hill,
fwNChrOJyF0-01420-00411693-00411875 I'm coming out of my apartment with my bicycle,
fwNChrOJyF0-01421-00411875-00412088 it's like a block until you get to the end of the curb
fwNChrOJyF0-01422-00412088-00412171 and you go into the street.
fwNChrOJyF0-01423-00412171-00412483 While I was on the sidewalk, police officers detained me.
fwNChrOJyF0-01424-00412483-00412568 I'm not going to dwell on this.
fwNChrOJyF0-01425-00412568-00412743 It's not about me, and it's really a big deal.
fwNChrOJyF0-01426-00412743-00413067 Except this little antidote is telling you something
fwNChrOJyF0-01427-00413067-00413151 about what's going on.
fwNChrOJyF0-01428-00413151-00413253 I was stopped.
fwNChrOJyF0-01429-00413253-00413404 I was forced to produce identification
fwNChrOJyF0-01430-00413404-00413778 and a citation was issued to me requiring my appearance
fwNChrOJyF0-01431-00413778-00414476 in court, which I ignored, out of just shear fury
fwNChrOJyF0-01432-00414476-00414667 that they were going to take my time
fwNChrOJyF0-01433-00414667-00414834 for something as trivial as that.
fwNChrOJyF0-01434-00414834-00414989 I was trying to get to the street
fwNChrOJyF0-01435-00414989-00415075 on south -- okay, I'll stop.
fwNChrOJyF0-01436-00415075-00415218 I'll stop.
fwNChrOJyF0-01437-00415324-00415456 I want to get to the second part
fwNChrOJyF0-01438-00415456-00415739 of the question, which is important.
fwNChrOJyF0-01439-00415739-00416054 What I didn't show you in these slides, I had all cued up,
fwNChrOJyF0-01440-00416054-00416159 but there's not enough time,
fwNChrOJyF0-01441-00416159-00416385 Michelle Alexander makes this big argument in her book
fwNChrOJyF0-01442-00416385-00416703 about how we're experiencing the new Jim Crow and then,
fwNChrOJyF0-01443-00416703-00416906 a fellow at Yale Law School, called James Foreman,
fwNChrOJyF0-01444-00416906-00417152 who happens to be the son of a famous civil right leader
fwNChrOJyF0-01445-00417152-00417524 from the 1960s, he's a law professor at Yale, wrote a piece
fwNChrOJyF0-01446-00417524-00417939 in the NYU Law Review, published April 2012, in which he kind
fwNChrOJyF0-01447-00417939-00418189 of pushes back against Michelle Alexander
fwNChrOJyF0-01448-00418189-00418452 and the Jim Crow analogy and the main burden of his argument --
fwNChrOJyF0-01449-00418452-00418601 he's an African-American as it happens,
fwNChrOJyF0-01450-00418601-00418983 and he against mass incarceration and against stop
fwNChrOJyF0-01451-00418983-00419168 and frisk, and all the kind of stuff that a liberal,
fwNChrOJyF0-01452-00419168-00419349 black law professor is supposed to be against.
fwNChrOJyF0-01453-00419349-00419652 But his main point was, you've got to reckon
fwNChrOJyF0-01454-00419652-00419907 with the consequences of violence in these communities
fwNChrOJyF0-01455-00419907-00420082 and the first order of business in the state is
fwNChrOJyF0-01456-00420082-00420277 to protect people and their person and their property
fwNChrOJyF0-01457-00420277-00420447 and to keep them safe.
fwNChrOJyF0-01458-00420447-00420889 Okay? Black people are more likely to be victimized
fwNChrOJyF0-01459-00420889-00421293 if blacks are committing crimes, because the social geography,
fwNChrOJyF0-01460-00421293-00421389 the networking, and the way
fwNChrOJyF0-01461-00421389-00421693 in which people are interacting in cities.
fwNChrOJyF0-01462-00421693-00422084 And so you can't simply go from a high rate
fwNChrOJyF0-01463-00422084-00422372 of black incarceration to claims about Jim crow without going
fwNChrOJyF0-01464-00422372-00422531 through a talk about what do you do
fwNChrOJyF0-01465-00422531-00422739 about violence in these places.
fwNChrOJyF0-01466-00422739-00423088 So what I'm saying to you is, if I could be convinced that stop
fwNChrOJyF0-01467-00423088-00423376 and frisk really had a huge impact on reducing the incidence
fwNChrOJyF0-01468-00423376-00423485 of violence in these communities,
fwNChrOJyF0-01469-00423485-00423682 I'd have a different attitude about stop and frisk.
fwNChrOJyF0-01470-00423682-00424091 But I think that Mayor Bloomberg and the Commissioner
fwNChrOJyF0-01471-00424091-00424322 of Police there in New York City bear a burden that they've
fwNChrOJyF0-01472-00424322-00424580 yet to bear -- they have a burden to meet
fwNChrOJyF0-01473-00424580-00424739 that they've yet to meet.
fwNChrOJyF0-01474-00424739-00424925 Demonstrating the causal connection
fwNChrOJyF0-01475-00424925-00425176 between what they're doing, which is this wholesale practice
fwNChrOJyF0-01476-00425176-00425520 that is cast into its net huge numbers of people.
fwNChrOJyF0-01477-00425520-00425854 And it's justified by something
fwNChrOJyF0-01478-00425854-00426141 that I'm not persuaded is actually happening.
fwNChrOJyF0-01479-00426141-00426266 >> Thank you.
fwNChrOJyF0-01480-00426266-00426552 The next question states,
fwNChrOJyF0-01481-00426552-00426993 what's a socially conscious white intellectual activist
fwNChrOJyF0-01482-00426993-00427275 to do about the mass incarceration
fwNChrOJyF0-01483-00427275-00427477 of racial minorities?
fwNChrOJyF0-01484-00427477-00427571 >> Nothing any different
fwNChrOJyF0-01485-00427571-00428070 than what the socially conscious black intellectual is to do.
fwNChrOJyF0-01486-00428070-00428392 What is a self-respecting intellectual to do?
fwNChrOJyF0-01487-00428809-00429035 No, I'm serious about that.
fwNChrOJyF0-01488-00429035-00429422 I mean the sense of outrage, might, to some degree,
fwNChrOJyF0-01489-00429422-00429714 be influenced by by affilial connection
fwNChrOJyF0-01490-00429714-00430087 to the population, okay?
fwNChrOJyF0-01491-00430087-00430389 But the responsibilities as an intellectual,
fwNChrOJyF0-01492-00430389-00430601 at least as I would I see it,
fwNChrOJyF0-01493-00430601-00430800 to act in this circumstance aren't --
fwNChrOJyF0-01494-00430800-00431260 aren't really any greater for me than they would be
fwNChrOJyF0-01495-00431260-00431533 for anybody else, I would say.
fwNChrOJyF0-01496-00431533-00431824 I don't know, I mean, what do you think?
fwNChrOJyF0-01497-00431947-00432110 Not just you personally, whoever asked
fwNChrOJyF0-01498-00432110-00432264 that question, what do you think?
fwNChrOJyF0-01499-00432264-00432587 Is that outside the protocol?
fwNChrOJyF0-01500-00432587-00433082 All right, never mind.
fwNChrOJyF0-01501-00433514-00433727 >> Okay, hello?
fwNChrOJyF0-01502-00433727-00434164 Okay. Could you speak to what several authors consider
fwNChrOJyF0-01503-00434164-00434593 to be the myth of racial progress due to the omission --
fwNChrOJyF0-01504-00434593-00435017 omission of significant numbers of imprisoned black man
fwNChrOJyF0-01505-00435017-00435353 from demographical analysis, of educational outcomes
fwNChrOJyF0-01506-00435353-00435689 and wages, and less inequality.
fwNChrOJyF0-01507-00435689-00435863 >> Well, that's a real thing
fwNChrOJyF0-01508-00435863-00436313 because the survey taker is the --
fwNChrOJyF0-01509-00436313-00436525 these are non-institutionalize populations
fwNChrOJyF0-01510-00436525-00436841 that are being looked at to generate these trend numbers
fwNChrOJyF0-01511-00436841-00437214 and various measures of social status of African-Americans.
fwNChrOJyF0-01512-00437214-00437541 And so, myth of black progress, I wouldn't quite go there.
fwNChrOJyF0-01513-00437541-00437688 I wouldn't say there's no black progress,
fwNChrOJyF0-01514-00437688-00437860 that black progress is a myth.
fwNChrOJyF0-01515-00437860-00438131 But an overstatement of black progress, driven by the fact
fwNChrOJyF0-01516-00438131-00438391 that you have such high rates of incarceration and that things
fwNChrOJyF0-01517-00438391-00439078 like unemployment rates, or, you know, whatever, will be based
fwNChrOJyF0-01518-00439078-00439414 on surveys of populations that exclude incarcerated persons,
fwNChrOJyF0-01519-00439414-00439937 who are definitely non-employed Bruce Western has explicitly,
fwNChrOJyF0-01520-00439937-00440302 he and Becky Pettit have a paper in which,
fwNChrOJyF0-01521-00440302-00440439 this is exactly what they do.
fwNChrOJyF0-01522-00440439-00441043 They chronicle how different trends in various measures
fwNChrOJyF0-01523-00441043-00441404 of social status for African-American men would look,
fwNChrOJyF0-01524-00441404-00441757 if you included in the population,
fwNChrOJyF0-01525-00441757-00441941 persons who are institutionalize,
fwNChrOJyF0-01526-00441941-00442105 then they would look if you --
fwNChrOJyF0-01527-00442105-00442397 as is the practice, didn't include them.
fwNChrOJyF0-01528-00442397-00442589 And there would be less progress.
fwNChrOJyF0-01529-00442589-00443060 But I -- noting that, I still wouldn't go to this language
fwNChrOJyF0-01530-00443060-00443184 about myth of black progress.
fwNChrOJyF0-01531-00443184-00443463 I don't think there's any denying that there's been
fwNChrOJyF0-01532-00443463-00443596 "black progress," quote, unquote,
fwNChrOJyF0-01533-00443596-00443772 since the civil rights era.
fwNChrOJyF0-01534-00443772-00444259 It's just that there persists a very substantial problem.
fwNChrOJyF0-01535-00444259-00444354 >Thank you.
fwNChrOJyF0-01536-00444354-00444576 In the consideration of time we'll make this the
fwNChrOJyF0-01537-00444576-00444689 last question.
fwNChrOJyF0-01538-00444689-00445071 What effect would extending voting rights to prisoners,
fwNChrOJyF0-01539-00445071-00445250 as some states currently do,
fwNChrOJyF0-01540-00445250-00445646 have on our current prison industrial complex.
fwNChrOJyF0-01541-00445646-00445932 >> I can't know what the feedback effect
fwNChrOJyF0-01542-00445932-00446282 of having the franchise amongst people who are incarcerated,
fwNChrOJyF0-01543-00446282-00446472 or who are formerly incarcerated persons.
fwNChrOJyF0-01544-00446472-00446681 I mean I didn't, you know, there was a lot to talk about,
fwNChrOJyF0-01545-00446681-00446859 I didn't talk about this.
fwNChrOJyF0-01546-00446859-00447258 Manza, M-a-n-z-a and Uggen, U-G --
fwNChrOJyF0-01547-00447258-00447720 double G-e-n, these are scholars at Northwest University.
fwNChrOJyF0-01548-00447720-00447904 They have a book out there, I wish I could think
fwNChrOJyF0-01549-00447904-00447991 of the name of it now.
fwNChrOJyF0-01550-00447991-00448410 But they actually go through and very systematically chronicle,
fwNChrOJyF0-01551-00448410-00448777 the extent to which the American electorate is being materially
fwNChrOJyF0-01552-00448777-00449193 shaped, by post-release policies.
fwNChrOJyF0-01553-00449193-00449468 These are not just people who are in prison,
fwNChrOJyF0-01554-00449468-00449687 I think Maine is the only state that allows people
fwNChrOJyF0-01555-00449687-00450002 who were actually incarcerated to cast ballots.
fwNChrOJyF0-01556-00450002-00450297 Okay? These are people who have been released from prison,
fwNChrOJyF0-01557-00450297-00450572 who have served their time, but are still not able to register
fwNChrOJyF0-01558-00450572-00450812 to vote in whatever the jurisdiction is, because of laws
fwNChrOJyF0-01559-00450812-00451201 that disenfranchise them for whatever period of time.
fwNChrOJyF0-01560-00451201-00451528 And Manza and Uggens go through and make the case
fwNChrOJyF0-01561-00451528-00451681 that this is not small, this is big.
fwNChrOJyF0-01562-00451681-00451857 And one of the ways that they make that point,
fwNChrOJyF0-01563-00451857-00452145 it by calling attention to various electoral outcomes,
fwNChrOJyF0-01564-00452145-00452410 that plausibly would be quite different,
fwNChrOJyF0-01565-00452410-00452637 if incarcerated persons --
fwNChrOJyF0-01566-00452637-00452880 formerly incarcerated persons had the franchise.
fwNChrOJyF0-01567-00452880-00453159 So Mitch McConnel's first election to the Senate
fwNChrOJyF0-01568-00453159-00453492 in Kentucky, they estimate -- and you know what they're doing,
fwNChrOJyF0-01569-00453492-00453747 they're going to use some kind of demographic prediction model.
fwNChrOJyF0-01570-00453747-00454080 They're going to say age, race, sex, whatever.
fwNChrOJyF0-01571-00454080-00454347 And then they're going to say, you know, what's the likelihood
fwNChrOJyF0-01572-00454347-00454539 that this person would have voted this way or that.
fwNChrOJyF0-01573-00454539-00454693 And then they're going to forecast what the outcome
fwNChrOJyF0-01574-00454693-00454774 of the election would be
fwNChrOJyF0-01575-00454774-00455009 if those people were able to cast ballots.
fwNChrOJyF0-01576-00455009-00455307 Not only would George W. Bush not have gotten elected,
fwNChrOJyF0-01577-00455307-00455457 because Florida would have been close.
fwNChrOJyF0-01578-00455457-00455722 I mean, he would have lost it by tens of thousands of votes,
fwNChrOJyF0-01579-00455722-00455846 not just by a few hundred.
fwNChrOJyF0-01580-00455846-00456139 Not only that, but the whole senate would look different.
fwNChrOJyF0-01581-00456139-00456380 You know, Republicans don't get the Senate majority
fwNChrOJyF0-01582-00456380-00456457 in whatever year they get it.
fwNChrOJyF0-01583-00456457-00456717 I mean, all kinds of huge stuff like this.
fwNChrOJyF0-01584-00456717-00457108 Now, whether or not that would make our politics profoundly
fwNChrOJyF0-01585-00457108-00457412 different, and would have effects on incarceration policy,
fwNChrOJyF0-01586-00457412-00457635 I have no way of knowing that.
fwNChrOJyF0-01587-00457635-00458131 I mean, I have -- in fact reason to doubt it, frankly.
fwNChrOJyF0-01588-00458131-00458432 Barrack Hussein Obama is President of the United States.
fwNChrOJyF0-01589-00458432-00458768 And there's an African-American Attorney General,
fwNChrOJyF0-01590-00458768-00459029 and they face a political environment,
fwNChrOJyF0-01591-00459029-00459247 in which they have relatively little wiggle room,
fwNChrOJyF0-01592-00459247-00459553 whatever their inclination might have been to run
fwNChrOJyF0-01593-00459553-00459656 around talking about this.
fwNChrOJyF0-01594-00459656-00459909 I don't think these issues are going
fwNChrOJyF0-01595-00459909-00460263 to necessarily be touted anymore by national politicians,
fwNChrOJyF0-01596-00460263-00460503 whom happen to be African-American, because,
fwNChrOJyF0-01597-00460503-00460885 you know, they got 5% more votes at the margin because people
fwNChrOJyF0-01598-00460885-00461030 who had been in prison were able to vote.
fwNChrOJyF0-01599-00461030-00461324 They still, basically, are dealing with the median voter
fwNChrOJyF0-01600-00461324-00461493 and they're still going to be constrained by a lot
fwNChrOJyF0-01601-00461493-00461633 of these other things, so.
fwNChrOJyF0-01602-00461633-00461838 I mean this is way beyond my expertise, I mean, you know,
fwNChrOJyF0-01603-00461838-00462003 this should be political scientists speculating
fwNChrOJyF0-01604-00462003-00462114 about this.
fwNChrOJyF0-01605-00462114-00462351 But I doubt that it would change the policy very much,
fwNChrOJyF0-01606-00462351-00462487 but it would have a big effect
fwNChrOJyF0-01607-00462487-00462695 on the character of the electorate.
fwNChrOJyF0-01608-00462877-00462968 >> Thank you.
fwNChrOJyF0-01609-00462968-00463151 >> Okay, thanks very much.
fwNChrOJyF0-01610-00463151-00463405 [ Applause ]
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00000-00000006-00000206 We're not in California anymore
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00001-00000735-00000935 So we got back pretty late last night
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00002-00001005-00001361 Gabriel did really good on the flight back on the flight there
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00003-00001362-00001860 He was a little squirmy right at the beginning, and then he nursed and took a nap for about an hour
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00004-00001860-00002228 And then woke up and was squirmy and wanted to wander around the plane for the rest of the flight
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00005-00002228-00002349 but on the way back
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00006-00002349-00002762 He was a little squirming just at the very beginning and after liftoff Sarah was able to nurse him
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00007-00002763-00002964 And then he just passed right out
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00008-00002964-00003455 And he ended up sleeping the entire flight so that was like two and a half hours
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00009-00003455-00003794 And then by the time we got off the plane probably bout two hours 45 minutes
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00010-00003859-00004139 So of course when we got home he was like I just had a nap
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00011-00004139-00004613 I'm ready to go and he was wide awake and wanted to play and everything so Sarah nursed him and then handed him off to
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00012-00004614-00004720 me I
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00013-00004720-00004839 Put him in his bouncer
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00014-00004839-00005312 let him bounce for a little while while I kind of straightened up and got things ready for in the morning because
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00015-00005373-00005624 For this morning because our day started
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00016-00005703-00005954 It like he would normally would on a Thursday morning
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00017-00006078-00006386 bright and early at like 6 o'clock, so
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00018-00006478-00006661 we had to get a
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00019-00006661-00007070 She went to bed to get some rest and I kind of straighten things up and got ready
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00020-00007070-00007614 And then as soon as Gabriel started to kind of act like he might get tires here got up and nursed him again
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00021-00007614-00007947 And he went back down and ended up sleeping really well through the night, so
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00022-00008011-00008211 hopefully the
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00023-00008215-00008415 California the trip to California
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00024-00008452-00009078 Gets his a kind of knocked him into sleeping a little longer than like three hours and three-hour intervals all night
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00025-00009100-00009494 But anyway today, I get to deal with
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00026-00009643-00010037 That stuff got quite a bit of unpacking to do some laundry to do
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00027-00010039-00010314 I want to kind of get Gabriel out of the house again
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00028-00010407-00010925 Just to kind of keep we have some good momentum on our walking around getting some outside time
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00029-00010984-00011454 So I'm gonna try to at least take him for a little bit of a walk, but something it did realize
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00030-00011454-00011813 I trying to learn something everywhere. I go and everything kind of happens
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00031-00011884-00012034 I
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00032-00012034-00012311 was in Anaheim a place I've never been before and
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00033-00012388-00012657 Felt comfortable just taking him out and wandering off
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00034-00012657-00013154 You know walking away, and then looking at Maps and say oh they this is how I get back and then wandering back
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00035-00013197-00013502 But here when I'm at home. I never venture very far
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00036-00013502-00013807 We go about half a mile out walk around the park and then come back
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00037-00013854-00014359 And so we don't never he and I never go on adventures here at home, so that kind of challenged me
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00038-00014360-00014547 I'm gonna try to do some more
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00039-00014547-00015110 Home adventures that kind of thing something something during the day nothing big extravagant
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00040-00015110-00015632 But try to walk just in different places give him some change of scenery, maybe give me some change scenery, too
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00041-00015657-00016204 So anyway, I try to get this laundry taken care of before he gets up. There's another great thing
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00042-00016205-00016646 I think easy he's feeling the effects - were all pretty tired from yesterday and
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00043-00016698-00017285 We'd gotten used to the time difference over there, and now it's we're back to the times here, so
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00044-00017403-00017666 Anyway, we're all pretty groggy and dragging along
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00045-00017666-00018251 I think he is - because I mean he took almost a two-hour nap shortly after he got up
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00046-00018251-00018502 and then he was up for about an hour and
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00047-00018606-00018947 Ready to go back down start rubbing his eyes and then passed right out
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00048-00018947-00019261 so he's in the middle of nap number two right now, and it's
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00049-00019332-00019532 almost lunch time so
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00050-00019587-00019692 hopefully
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00051-00019692-00020207 That'll give him some of his energy back and we got our little Gabriel back up and going like normal, okay?
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00052-00020207-00020557 I've got all the unpacking done hi even
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00053-00020645-00021235 Sorted everything out and even attempted to put away Sarah's stuff, so we'll see how wrong that was later on
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00054-00021294-00021919 But it's done, and you know you packed a lot of stuff when you get sweaty. Yeah, I don't know if you can
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00055-00022020-00022811 Tell, but I broke a little bit of a sweat doing all that ridiculous anyway. Now. It's time to wash all the random
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00056-00022953-00023528 conference swag that we got or Sarah got anyway water bottle and
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00057-00023595-00024208 All the baby toys that have been all over the world and touched a million different things like you know
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00058-00024273-00024395 teethers
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00059-00024395-00024631 That may or may not have touched the floor of the airport
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00060-00024729-00025339 So definitely gonna want to wash all that stuff so can't get all that stuff washed, and he's still sleep, but he's a little restless
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00061-00025392-00025664 every time I check the monitors in different positions, so
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00062-00025719-00025894 fingers crossed the
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00063-00025894-00026579 Goes a little bit longer. Well. He literally woke up about 30 seconds after I started washing that stuff
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00064-00026686-00026945 So it's time to go get him hi buddy
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00065-00027175-00027375 Hi
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00066-00027655-00028277 Hi Shane so check out what this little woodchuck does now
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00067-00028653-00028853 You can see that
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00068-00029038-00029238 Nothing want to focus
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00069-00029266-00029688 Anyway, he's staying you can stand up in his crib like like a pro
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00070-00029688-00030260 So now if we don't come in here right when he wakes up. He puts his little new little teeth
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00071-00030316-00030516 Yeah, you just show him how you do it
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00072-00030697-00031382 No, I don't want you to he puts his teeth right on the edge of that bed it starts to enough
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00073-00031531-00032000 So we have to come in here. Well. Yeah, we gotta come in here real quick and get him, otherwise he
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00074-00032143-00032868 Ends up covered in little bits of bed. We got to wipe it off and check his mouth and all kinds of stuff crazy kid
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00075-00033484-00034107 Okay Gabriel's up laundry is in progress and we're gonna take a walk before it gets too hot
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00076-00034209-00034412 What do you say kiddo? What are you doing?
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00077-00034621-00034821 You feet don't go there
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00078-00034999-00035504 You're gonna you gonna recline you want some foot rest on your stroller
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00079-00035646-00036104 That's hilarious. Okay, so where to go. We're not gonna want or too far because it's
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00080-00036175-00036647 My watch says it feels like eighty-three outside and Dallas heats, not like California heat
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00081-00036738-00037313 When it's 83 it feels like 83 I actually know when it's 83 it felt like 90
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00082-00037393-00037679 So anyway, it's hot outside, so we're not gonna go very long
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00083-00038100-00038381 So I'm at the very Parkman said I was gonna try to not come to as much
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00084-00038500-00038903 But it's a little hot so I didn't want to venture too far out
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00085-00039184-00039466 I really just want to get him out of the house for a little while this afternoon
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00086-00039632-00040008 He seems to be enjoying himself don't you Archie
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00087-00042889-00043292 See if I turned you loose, you'd be gone man, I'd be pulling you
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00088-00043333-00043781 You'd be you'd be all over the place. Yeah, you know it
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00089-00043876-00044076 She said turn me loose or chase those ducks
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00090-00046493-00046738 Like that piece in the street
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00091-00046829-00047439 That's how you these are jerks, man. I get out in the street. Just expect you to stop look at this one. He says
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00092-00047561-00048025 Go ahead. I dare you to turn this corner here comes somebody take them out
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00093-00048173-00048373 Take them out. Let's see what happens
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00094-00048602-00048802 Nothing
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00095-00048851-00049335 She'll run over. No. I'm kidding don't run over geese they dudes gonna wait
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00096-00049700-00049900 Hockey horn, dude
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00097-00050470-00050670 Go around them
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00098-00050936-00051136 Hello see how this goat plays out
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00099-00051519-00051719 These are jerks
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00100-00052813-00053115 Look at that. That's hilarious
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00101-00054396-00054596 Man that's messed up
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00102-00054864-00055327 Just to set the record straight, I would not have run over the geese, and I don't think anybody should run over geese
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00103-00055389-00055589 But geese are jerks
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00104-00055635-00055835 They don't deserve to be running
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00105-00055941-00056141 If you still jerks
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00106-00058297-00058497 This guy didn't want a nap
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00107-00058663-00059048 One of the dogs barked as I was pulling him in the house after his walk
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00108-00059200-00059559 That woke him up, so I gave him a bottle hoping that wouldn't knock him out and it
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00109-00059638-00059757 Got real sleepy
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00110-00059757-00060183 I think he slept while he was taking the bottle and then as soon as he finished the bottle he woke up and decided that
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00111-00060183-00060396 Was that was all the NAP he needed?
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00112-00060484-00060684 It's not work
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00113-00060717-00060969 Now we're in the Walker trying to burn off later time
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00114-00061438-00061638 Look we're going kid
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00115-00062504-00062739 Well, thanks for reminding me to finish the laundry
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00116-00062876-00063184 Mom, I'll be home in about 45 minutes. I gotta get that knocked out
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00117-00063299-00063654 So we're headed to the chiropractor because that's all we do in this car
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00118-00063782-00064141 Listen oh we're going adventures. Yeah, well. We mostly go to the chiropractor
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00119-00064202-00064774 I'm pretty sure from all that traveling in hotel room beds that our vertebral czar subluxed
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00120-00064910-00065544 That we had some adjusting I feel like my 40 girls are very some blood sausage looks you're her TV
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00121-00065636-00065836 she said
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00122-00065942-00066252 So now that we're back Jacob was a little sad
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00123-00066425-00066959 Cuz he had a whole lot of adult human interaction made friends
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00124-00067192-00067689 And now it's just me Gabriel stupid old Daniel Tiger's neighborhood
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00125-00068066-00068862 I've got a whole alternate version of that song the theme song now. It's all like Daniel Tiger's neighborhood. I really hate the show
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00126-00069379-00069579 It's all
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00127-00069766-00070068 Cuz I get a euro mean about the different characters
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00128-00070126-00070641 You Prince Wednesday's a little crybaby if we're gonna be honest. I don't mean to get political
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00129-00070717-00070917 Prince Wednesday is a crime
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00130-00070945-00071385 And then King Monday he had everybody pick his fruit for today. Well he sat on a chair
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00131-00071461-00071958 He's a king. Yeah, but uh nope I mean what does that teach our kids?
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00132-00072163-00072945 Anyway, I'm saying I don't have any friends. Yeah, since we've moved to Texas all of our friend abases back in Louisiana
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00133-00073081-00073557 Jacobs an introvert who doesn't like to talk to strangers, so he doesn't make friends very easily
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00134-00073817-00074107 So I'm like I want to go to work with Syria just so I can hang out in the car
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00135-00074589-00074781 Are you taking
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00136-00074781-00075284 Everybody likes gay. Yes, we have to pay you I've just come to work carry him around he invisible people
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00137-00075361-00075732 I'm staying on the breaker. Maybe like in California all the time
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00138-00076018-00076218 I'll just sit off in a room by myself
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00139-00076264-00076715 It's all come visit periodic. I think so somebody needs me, and then I'll come with me
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00140-00077200-00077732 Johnny Johnny was like side crawl Foley's doing
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00141-00078139-00078339 Dry
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00142-00078402-00078869 I want a pretzel on a pretzel sit look dancing bear
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00143-00079051-00079251 Good boy
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00144-00079695-00080192 Sit sit good boy down sit down
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00145-00080374-00080574 Down
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00146-00080670-00081185 Nobody goes going anyway. Oh wait let's show them what Charlie does v6
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00147-00081361-00081578 We're steaming a kale pellet for his dinner
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00148-00081748-00082356 That's what they look like the frozen kale that we've already steamed pureed and then all right, are you ready?
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00149-00082435-00082682 Charlie our son our son is getting in the oven
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00150-00082906-00083106 Missed it
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00151-00083218-00083751 What so Charlie does this thing where he'll only sit on carpet come here
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00152-00085042-00085427 Gabriel says I want to play that nobody would play with me good
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00153-00085801-00086001 Sit Hey
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00154-00087193-00087665 Chaos in the kitchen steamed kale pellet
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00155-00089275-00089475 No you don't play with that part of it
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00156-00090139-00090359 See our opinion of kale hasn't changed
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00157-00091548-00092077 Yeah, daddy wants to call me out because I feed him Messi you get to feed him the good foods
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00158-00092077-00092461 He likes I have to feed him a majority of everything else they didn't broccoli the other day
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00159-00092625-00092860 Hey and when I was in the hotel room I gave me that
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00160-00092919-00093081 store-bought garbage
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00161-00093081-00093281 That was a mess. I think that gave him
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00162-00093326-00093498 diaper rash
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00163-00093498-00093695 more skin problems
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00164-00093695-00094222 Yeah, it said it was organic and no GMOs and all that stuff, but we bought into this CVS
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00165-00094223-00094517 When you buy you your baby food from a CVS
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00166-00094992-00095192 About bad things are bound to happen
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00167-00095258-00095680 So I think we'll go to sprouts or Whole Foods to get his own protein
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00168-00095772-00095972 Good start that next week
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00169-00096018-00096788 You get to have chicken. Are you gonna like chicken everybody likes chicken Hazen give you some bacon while mommy's at work
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00170-00097362-00097562 Game over man game
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00171-00097625-00097749 over
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00172-00097749-00098341 Yeah, cuz you will have to do it during the day because that's what the pediatrician said give it to him midday
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00173-00098489-00099142 So in case he has any type of reaction to it the doctor's office. It would be open so I can rush him in
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00174-00100475-00100905 Look with your special eyes grab it with your dirty hands
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00175-00101225-00101598 All right so Gabriel's had his dinner, and he is in bed
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00176-00101642-00102043 And I am on my way to go pick up our dinner before having hamburgers
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00177-00102110-00102604 we like to cook at home, but since we you know been traveling all week and
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00178-00102779-00103401 We don't have any groceries at all this work this our cupboards are bare
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00179-00103466-00103899 So we're gonna be making a grocery trip this weekend, but anyway. I'm headed to
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00180-00103973-00104173 mooyah to get
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00181-00104180-00104532 Him burgers for our dinner, and then we're gonna take it easy through the night
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00182-00104879-00105044 Shut off that tag
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00183-00105044-00105742 All right, well our hamburgers are here. We're home. We're tired, and we just want to lay down and watch TV on the couch
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00184-00105805-00106005 Lay down on the couch and watch TV
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00185-00106076-00106276 The TV itself is not on the couch
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00186-00106496-00106696 So here's don't wake up the baby
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00187-00107284-00107875 All right, so if you liked this video give it a thumbs up be sure, I'm sorry
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00188-00108071-00108732 Do it subscribe to our channel to see more and don't forget to hit that Bell so it notifies you of our next video
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00189-00108934-00109134 Boys
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00190-00109630-00109799 Leave us a comment
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00191-00109799-00110464 About anything you want tell us how great this video is how how epic or Mickey Mouse ears are?
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00192-00110624-00111369 There actually Gabriel and his cousins, but his cousin doesn't know yes, it's a secret. Don't tell anybody
fzlsWIjf9Tk-00193-00111866-00112066 Thanks for what?
fzak8Amuzsg-00000-00000000-00002686 Horse Gram Idli / Dosa
fzak8Amuzsg-00002-00007395-00010058 Soak Rice and Horse Gram in water  together for 6-7 Hours, Soak Urad Dala and Fenugreek seeds 2 hours before grinding
fzak8Amuzsg-00003-00010058-00012528 Grind Urad Dal and Fenugreek well until it is light and fluffy and grind Rice and Horse Gram.  Now mix all together with little Salt and leave it to ferment overnight or 8 hours
fzak8Amuzsg-00004-00012528-00014932 Fermented Batter
fzak8Amuzsg-00007-00029100-00030632 Horsegram Idli is ready now
fA8GgWT97zI-00000-00000000-00000200 hi everyone
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fA8GgWT97zI-00010-00027217-00027417 Thank you
fMaJYlNnIeu-00000-00000674-00001128 Everybody loves talking about the vulnerable and transparent until it comes time for them
fMaJYlNnIeu-00001-00001128-00001331 to be vulnerable and transparent.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00002-00001331-00001817 I think everyone loves talking about how there's this lack of transparency and vulnerability
fMaJYlNnIeu-00003-00001817-00002291 on social media until it's time for them to be vulnerable and transparent on social media.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00004-00002291-00002680 Like that's just kind of...it's rampant.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00005-00002680-00003319 What I've, what I've found over the last couple years, doing all this crazy stuff on social
fMaJYlNnIeu-00006-00003319-00004029 media is that I saw that gap, and I saw the lack of vulnerability and transparency.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00007-00004029-00004316 And so I became vulnerable and transparent.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00008-00004316-00004577 But in the beginning, it was as like a tactic.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00009-00004577-00004697 Like it was just like a tool.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00010-00004697-00005258 Like I knew I needed to stand out, and in order to make an impact I needed to be transparent,
fMaJYlNnIeu-00011-00005258-00005814 and so it was more like just like using this tool of vulnerability, rather than being like
fMaJYlNnIeu-00012-00005814-00006035 truly, truly vulnerable.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00013-00006035-00006840 Would emotional over, would emotional oversharing and under sharing have the same effects?
fMaJYlNnIeu-00014-00006840-00007470 I think that there's been a theme on social media lately as vulnerability and authenticity
fMaJYlNnIeu-00015-00007470-00008075 and transparency has become more real, which is a good thing for social media specifically.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00016-00008075-00008477 But there are some people that are taking it to an extreme and are sharing everything
fMaJYlNnIeu-00017-00008477-00009109 and are almost exaggerating the struggles and exaggerating the pain and exaggerating
fMaJYlNnIeu-00018-00009109-00009557 the problem for the sake of "I'm the most transparent."
fMaJYlNnIeu-00019-00009557-00009671 "I'm the most vulnerable."
fMaJYlNnIeu-00020-00009671-00009771 "Look at what I shared about."
fMaJYlNnIeu-00021-00009771-00010010 "Look how many times I've cried this week on Facebook."
fMaJYlNnIeu-00022-00010010-00010497 Like literally and and that is oversharing.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00023-00010497-00011246 But I think the question and really the answer boils down to, what is the truth?
fMaJYlNnIeu-00024-00011246-00011592 Like being authentic means being authentic.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00025-00011592-00011870 Like means being real.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00026-00011870-00012263 It's not just sharing for this sake of putting stuff out there.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00027-00012263-00012684 It's sharing what you're actually going through.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00028-00012684-00013105 And I don't know if anybody's going through too much.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00029-00013105-00013786 I think it's sharing in a way, where you're trying to make it a bigger deal than it is,
fMaJYlNnIeu-00030-00013786-00014418 which is only going to create a bigger deal.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00031-00014418-00014913 And I think, you know, when it comes to like with a specific person that you're talking
fMaJYlNnIeu-00032-00014913-00015178 to, is over sharing the same as under sharing?
fMaJYlNnIeu-00033-00015178-00015519 I think it depends on what you're dealing with.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00034-00015519-00015631 Like who you're sharing it with.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00035-00015631-00015731 And your heart behind it.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00036-00015731-00016322 Like, if you're oversharing and it's from an authentic place, it's not over sharing.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00037-00016322-00016664 Like, it's what you're going through.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00038-00016664-00016885 But there's a big difference between sharing and complaining.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00039-00016885-00017209 There's a big difference between sharing and whining.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00040-00017209-00017523 The big difference between sharing and dwelling.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00041-00017523-00017923 Like sharing getting it off your chest but then like saying, okay, I shared this now
fMaJYlNnIeu-00042-00017923-00018296 let's come up with a solution is one thing.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00043-00018296-00018744 But oversharing probably comes and this question probably comes from someone who has been interacting
fMaJYlNnIeu-00044-00018744-00019084 with a person that every time they see that person, all they do is share all this stuff
fMaJYlNnIeu-00045-00019084-00019204 they go through.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00046-00019204-00019362 All they do is share the struggles.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00047-00019362-00019807 But there's a congruent message through that, that this person, all they do is share.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00048-00019807-00020150 Really all they do is whine and complain, but they're not doing anything about it.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00049-00020150-00020619 So at some point, like it's, you know, tough love, but at some point, you have to be that
fMaJYlNnIeu-00050-00020619-00021159 person that says, "Hey, hey, man, hey, you know, every time we've met in the last month,
fMaJYlNnIeu-00051-00021159-00021423 you've been talking about this thing.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00052-00021423-00021733 And I understand like, it's painful what you're going through.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00053-00021733-00021911 But what are you doing?
fMaJYlNnIeu-00054-00021911-00022442 Like what are you doing to get past it, other than just sharing it with everybody?"
fMaJYlNnIeu-00055-00022442-00022865 And that's where I think oversharing comes in is that all you're doing is sharing it.
fMaJYlNnIeu-00056-00022865-00023059 You're not solving it.
fOmpHY3OONk-00000-00000000-00000200 Lepinje ko duša | Somuni sa tačkicama
fPQOW_XhUQu-00000-00000010-00000146 DEPARTMENT OR THROUGH THE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00001-00000146-00000153 DEPARTMENT OR THROUGH THE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00002-00000153-00000270 DEPARTMENT OR THROUGH THE MINNESOTA D.N.R.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00003-00000270-00000276 DEPARTMENT OR THROUGH THE MINNESOTA D.N.R.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00004-00000276-00000390 DEPARTMENT OR THROUGH THE MINNESOTA D.N.R. >>> IT'S BEEN KNOWN FOR SOME
fPQOW_XhUQu-00005-00000390-00000397 MINNESOTA D.N.R. >>> IT'S BEEN KNOWN FOR SOME  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00006-00000397-00000547 MINNESOTA D.N.R. >>> IT'S BEEN KNOWN FOR SOME TIME NOW THAT SMOKING OR CHEWING
fPQOW_XhUQu-00007-00000547-00000553 >>> IT'S BEEN KNOWN FOR SOME TIME NOW THAT SMOKING OR CHEWING  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00008-00000553-00000687 >>> IT'S BEEN KNOWN FOR SOME TIME NOW THAT SMOKING OR CHEWING TOBACCO CAN CAUSE SERIOUS HEALTH
fPQOW_XhUQu-00009-00000687-00000694 TIME NOW THAT SMOKING OR CHEWING TOBACCO CAN CAUSE SERIOUS HEALTH  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00010-00000694-00000820 TIME NOW THAT SMOKING OR CHEWING TOBACCO CAN CAUSE SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00011-00000820-00000827 TOBACCO CAN CAUSE SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00012-00000827-00000954 TOBACCO CAN CAUSE SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS. TONIGHT, CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US
fPQOW_XhUQu-00013-00000954-00000960 PROBLEMS. TONIGHT, CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00014-00000960-00001084 PROBLEMS. TONIGHT, CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US ABOUT A PROGRAM AT ESSENTIA
fPQOW_XhUQu-00015-00001084-00001091 TONIGHT, CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US ABOUT A PROGRAM AT ESSENTIA  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00016-00001091-00001197 TONIGHT, CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US ABOUT A PROGRAM AT ESSENTIA HEALTH THAT IS HELPING PEOPLE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00017-00001197-00001204 ABOUT A PROGRAM AT ESSENTIA HEALTH THAT IS HELPING PEOPLE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00018-00001204-00001574 ABOUT A PROGRAM AT ESSENTIA HEALTH THAT IS HELPING PEOPLE KICK THE HABIT.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00019-00001574-00001581 HEALTH THAT IS HELPING PEOPLE KICK THE HABIT.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00020-00001581-00001881 HEALTH THAT IS HELPING PEOPLE KICK THE HABIT. >> Reporter: IN 2015, AN
fPQOW_XhUQu-00021-00001881-00001888 KICK THE HABIT. >> Reporter: IN 2015, AN  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00022-00001888-00002068 KICK THE HABIT. >> Reporter: IN 2015, AN ESTIMATED 36.5 MILLION AMERICANS
fPQOW_XhUQu-00023-00002068-00002075 >> Reporter: IN 2015, AN ESTIMATED 36.5 MILLION AMERICANS  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00024-00002075-00002195 >> Reporter: IN 2015, AN ESTIMATED 36.5 MILLION AMERICANS SMOKED CIGARETTES, ACCORDING TO
fPQOW_XhUQu-00025-00002195-00002202 ESTIMATED 36.5 MILLION AMERICANS SMOKED CIGARETTES, ACCORDING TO  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00026-00002202-00002338 ESTIMATED 36.5 MILLION AMERICANS SMOKED CIGARETTES, ACCORDING TO THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL
fPQOW_XhUQu-00027-00002338-00002345 SMOKED CIGARETTES, ACCORDING TO THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00028-00002345-00002462 SMOKED CIGARETTES, ACCORDING TO THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL HOWEVER, FOR THOSE LOOKING TO
fPQOW_XhUQu-00029-00002462-00002469 THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL HOWEVER, FOR THOSE LOOKING TO  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00030-00002469-00002802 THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL HOWEVER, FOR THOSE LOOKING TO KICK THE HABIT, THE SMOKING AND
fPQOW_XhUQu-00031-00002802-00002809 HOWEVER, FOR THOSE LOOKING TO KICK THE HABIT, THE SMOKING AND  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00032-00002809-00002976 HOWEVER, FOR THOSE LOOKING TO KICK THE HABIT, THE SMOKING AND TOBACCO CESSATION PROGRAM AT
fPQOW_XhUQu-00033-00002976-00002982 KICK THE HABIT, THE SMOKING AND TOBACCO CESSATION PROGRAM AT  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00034-00002982-00003079 KICK THE HABIT, THE SMOKING AND TOBACCO CESSATION PROGRAM AT ESSENTIA HEALTH IS LOOKING TO
fPQOW_XhUQu-00035-00003079-00003086 TOBACCO CESSATION PROGRAM AT ESSENTIA HEALTH IS LOOKING TO  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00036-00003086-00003233 TOBACCO CESSATION PROGRAM AT ESSENTIA HEALTH IS LOOKING TO LOWER THAT NUMBER, AT LEAST IN
fPQOW_XhUQu-00037-00003233-00003239 ESSENTIA HEALTH IS LOOKING TO LOWER THAT NUMBER, AT LEAST IN  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00038-00003239-00003326 ESSENTIA HEALTH IS LOOKING TO LOWER THAT NUMBER, AT LEAST IN MINNESOTA.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00039-00003326-00003333 LOWER THAT NUMBER, AT LEAST IN MINNESOTA.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00040-00003333-00003476 LOWER THAT NUMBER, AT LEAST IN MINNESOTA. >> WE CAN START WITH PEOPLE WHO
fPQOW_XhUQu-00041-00003476-00003483 MINNESOTA. >> WE CAN START WITH PEOPLE WHO  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00042-00003483-00003673 MINNESOTA. >> WE CAN START WITH PEOPLE WHO WANT TO QUIT BUT WE CAN ALSO
fPQOW_XhUQu-00043-00003673-00003680 >> WE CAN START WITH PEOPLE WHO WANT TO QUIT BUT WE CAN ALSO  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00044-00003680-00003817 >> WE CAN START WITH PEOPLE WHO WANT TO QUIT BUT WE CAN ALSO HELP PEOPLE THAT ARE THINKING,
fPQOW_XhUQu-00045-00003817-00003823 WANT TO QUIT BUT WE CAN ALSO HELP PEOPLE THAT ARE THINKING,  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00046-00003823-00003953 WANT TO QUIT BUT WE CAN ALSO HELP PEOPLE THAT ARE THINKING, MAYBE I WANT TO QUIT, MAYBE I
fPQOW_XhUQu-00047-00003953-00003960 HELP PEOPLE THAT ARE THINKING, MAYBE I WANT TO QUIT, MAYBE I  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00048-00003960-00004060 HELP PEOPLE THAT ARE THINKING, MAYBE I WANT TO QUIT, MAYBE I DON'T, I'M NOT SURE.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00049-00004060-00004067 MAYBE I WANT TO QUIT, MAYBE I DON'T, I'M NOT SURE.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00050-00004067-00004187 MAYBE I WANT TO QUIT, MAYBE I DON'T, I'M NOT SURE. WE CAN DO THAT, TOO.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00051-00004187-00004194 DON'T, I'M NOT SURE. WE CAN DO THAT, TOO.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00052-00004194-00004391 DON'T, I'M NOT SURE. WE CAN DO THAT, TOO. AND PART OF OUR JOB IS TO RAISE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00053-00004391-00004397 WE CAN DO THAT, TOO. AND PART OF OUR JOB IS TO RAISE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00054-00004397-00004591 WE CAN DO THAT, TOO. AND PART OF OUR JOB IS TO RAISE THEIR OWN MOTIVATION AND TO
fPQOW_XhUQu-00055-00004591-00004597 AND PART OF OUR JOB IS TO RAISE THEIR OWN MOTIVATION AND TO  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00056-00004597-00004758 AND PART OF OUR JOB IS TO RAISE THEIR OWN MOTIVATION AND TO BUILD THEIR OWN CONFIDENCE IN
fPQOW_XhUQu-00057-00004758-00004764 THEIR OWN MOTIVATION AND TO BUILD THEIR OWN CONFIDENCE IN  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00058-00004764-00004848 THEIR OWN MOTIVATION AND TO BUILD THEIR OWN CONFIDENCE IN THEIR ABILITY TO QUIT.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00059-00004848-00004854 BUILD THEIR OWN CONFIDENCE IN THEIR ABILITY TO QUIT.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00060-00004854-00004964 BUILD THEIR OWN CONFIDENCE IN THEIR ABILITY TO QUIT. >> Reporter:  THE PROGRAM IS
fPQOW_XhUQu-00061-00004964-00004971 THEIR ABILITY TO QUIT. >> Reporter:  THE PROGRAM IS  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00062-00004971-00005091 THEIR ABILITY TO QUIT. >> Reporter:  THE PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO CREATE A JOINT
fPQOW_XhUQu-00063-00005091-00005098 >> Reporter:  THE PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO CREATE A JOINT  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00064-00005098-00005191 >> Reporter:  THE PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO CREATE A JOINT COLLABORATION EFFORT FOR A
fPQOW_XhUQu-00065-00005191-00005198 DESIGNED TO CREATE A JOINT COLLABORATION EFFORT FOR A  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00066-00005198-00005328 DESIGNED TO CREATE A JOINT COLLABORATION EFFORT FOR A PATIENT WHO IS LOOKING TO QUIT
fPQOW_XhUQu-00067-00005328-00005335 COLLABORATION EFFORT FOR A PATIENT WHO IS LOOKING TO QUIT  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00068-00005335-00005645 COLLABORATION EFFORT FOR A PATIENT WHO IS LOOKING TO QUIT SMOKING OR CHEWING TOBACCO.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00069-00005645-00005652 PATIENT WHO IS LOOKING TO QUIT SMOKING OR CHEWING TOBACCO.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00070-00005652-00005775 PATIENT WHO IS LOOKING TO QUIT SMOKING OR CHEWING TOBACCO. >> IT'S REALLY WHAT WORKS BEST
fPQOW_XhUQu-00071-00005775-00005782 SMOKING OR CHEWING TOBACCO. >> IT'S REALLY WHAT WORKS BEST  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00072-00005782-00005882 SMOKING OR CHEWING TOBACCO. >> IT'S REALLY WHAT WORKS BEST AS A PARTNERSHIP.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00073-00005882-00005889 >> IT'S REALLY WHAT WORKS BEST AS A PARTNERSHIP.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00074-00005889-00005999 >> IT'S REALLY WHAT WORKS BEST AS A PARTNERSHIP. PATIENTS KNOW THEMSELVES BETTER
fPQOW_XhUQu-00075-00005999-00006005 AS A PARTNERSHIP. PATIENTS KNOW THEMSELVES BETTER  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00076-00006005-00006072 AS A PARTNERSHIP. PATIENTS KNOW THEMSELVES BETTER THAN WE DO.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00077-00006072-00006079 PATIENTS KNOW THEMSELVES BETTER THAN WE DO.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00078-00006079-00006282 PATIENTS KNOW THEMSELVES BETTER THAN WE DO. SO IF WE CAN COME ALONGSIDE THEM
fPQOW_XhUQu-00079-00006282-00006289 THAN WE DO. SO IF WE CAN COME ALONGSIDE THEM  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00080-00006289-00006526 THAN WE DO. SO IF WE CAN COME ALONGSIDE THEM AND HELP THEM, THAT'S WHEN IT'S
fPQOW_XhUQu-00081-00006526-00006533 SO IF WE CAN COME ALONGSIDE THEM AND HELP THEM, THAT'S WHEN IT'S  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00082-00006533-00006716 SO IF WE CAN COME ALONGSIDE THEM AND HELP THEM, THAT'S WHEN IT'S USUALLY THE MOST SUCCESSFUL.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00083-00006716-00006723 AND HELP THEM, THAT'S WHEN IT'S USUALLY THE MOST SUCCESSFUL.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00084-00006723-00006820 AND HELP THEM, THAT'S WHEN IT'S USUALLY THE MOST SUCCESSFUL. >> Reporter:  WHILE THE PROGRAM
fPQOW_XhUQu-00085-00006820-00006826 USUALLY THE MOST SUCCESSFUL. >> Reporter:  WHILE THE PROGRAM  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00086-00006826-00006953 USUALLY THE MOST SUCCESSFUL. >> Reporter:  WHILE THE PROGRAM HAS ONLY BEEN AROUND FOR TWO
fPQOW_XhUQu-00087-00006953-00006960 >> Reporter:  WHILE THE PROGRAM HAS ONLY BEEN AROUND FOR TWO  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00088-00006960-00007097 >> Reporter:  WHILE THE PROGRAM HAS ONLY BEEN AROUND FOR TWO YEARS, THE NUMBERS ARE SHOWING A
fPQOW_XhUQu-00089-00007097-00007103 HAS ONLY BEEN AROUND FOR TWO YEARS, THE NUMBERS ARE SHOWING A  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00090-00007103-00007190 HAS ONLY BEEN AROUND FOR TWO YEARS, THE NUMBERS ARE SHOWING A SUCCESS WITH THOSE TAKING
fPQOW_XhUQu-00091-00007190-00007197 YEARS, THE NUMBERS ARE SHOWING A SUCCESS WITH THOSE TAKING  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00092-00007197-00007307 YEARS, THE NUMBERS ARE SHOWING A SUCCESS WITH THOSE TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE PROGRAM.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00093-00007307-00007313 SUCCESS WITH THOSE TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE PROGRAM.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00094-00007313-00007554 SUCCESS WITH THOSE TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE PROGRAM. >> FROM THE PATIENTS THAT WE'VE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00095-00007554-00007560 ADVANTAGE OF THE PROGRAM. >> FROM THE PATIENTS THAT WE'VE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00096-00007560-00007741 ADVANTAGE OF THE PROGRAM. >> FROM THE PATIENTS THAT WE'VE SEEN THAT, THAT OUR SUCCESS RATE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00097-00007741-00007747 >> FROM THE PATIENTS THAT WE'VE SEEN THAT, THAT OUR SUCCESS RATE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00098-00007747-00007894 >> FROM THE PATIENTS THAT WE'VE SEEN THAT, THAT OUR SUCCESS RATE IS PRETTY GOOD, THE EVIDENCE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00099-00007894-00007901 SEEN THAT, THAT OUR SUCCESS RATE IS PRETTY GOOD, THE EVIDENCE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00100-00007901-00008294 SEEN THAT, THAT OUR SUCCESS RATE IS PRETTY GOOD, THE EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT PATIENTS THAT SEE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00101-00008294-00008301 IS PRETTY GOOD, THE EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT PATIENTS THAT SEE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00102-00008301-00008475 IS PRETTY GOOD, THE EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT PATIENTS THAT SEE SOME FOR FACE-TO-FACE COUNSELING
fPQOW_XhUQu-00103-00008475-00008481 SHOWS THAT PATIENTS THAT SEE SOME FOR FACE-TO-FACE COUNSELING  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00104-00008481-00008635 SHOWS THAT PATIENTS THAT SEE SOME FOR FACE-TO-FACE COUNSELING AND ALSO USE MEDICATION ARE THE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00105-00008635-00008641 SOME FOR FACE-TO-FACE COUNSELING AND ALSO USE MEDICATION ARE THE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00106-00008641-00008732 SOME FOR FACE-TO-FACE COUNSELING AND ALSO USE MEDICATION ARE THE MOST LIKELY TO QUIT.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00107-00008732-00008738 AND ALSO USE MEDICATION ARE THE MOST LIKELY TO QUIT.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00108-00008738-00008872 AND ALSO USE MEDICATION ARE THE MOST LIKELY TO QUIT. >> Reporter:  IN THE MEANTIME,
fPQOW_XhUQu-00109-00008872-00008878 MOST LIKELY TO QUIT. >> Reporter:  IN THE MEANTIME,  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00110-00008878-00009055 MOST LIKELY TO QUIT. >> Reporter:  IN THE MEANTIME, THE PROGRAM IS PREPARING FOR THE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00111-00009055-00009062 >> Reporter:  IN THE MEANTIME, THE PROGRAM IS PREPARING FOR THE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00112-00009062-00009219 >> Reporter:  IN THE MEANTIME, THE PROGRAM IS PREPARING FOR THE GREAT AMERICAN SMOKEOUT WHERE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00113-00009219-00009225 THE PROGRAM IS PREPARING FOR THE GREAT AMERICAN SMOKEOUT WHERE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00114-00009225-00009339 THE PROGRAM IS PREPARING FOR THE GREAT AMERICAN SMOKEOUT WHERE PEOPLE CAN COLLECTIVELY QUIT THE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00115-00009339-00009345 GREAT AMERICAN SMOKEOUT WHERE PEOPLE CAN COLLECTIVELY QUIT THE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00116-00009345-00009496 GREAT AMERICAN SMOKEOUT WHERE PEOPLE CAN COLLECTIVELY QUIT THE HABIT AND BEGIN THEIR HEALTHIER
fPQOW_XhUQu-00117-00009496-00009502 PEOPLE CAN COLLECTIVELY QUIT THE HABIT AND BEGIN THEIR HEALTHIER  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00118-00009502-00009556 PEOPLE CAN COLLECTIVELY QUIT THE HABIT AND BEGIN THEIR HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00119-00009556-00009562 HABIT AND BEGIN THEIR HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00120-00009562-00009719 HABIT AND BEGIN THEIR HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE. >> A LOT OF PATIENTS HAVE TRIED
fPQOW_XhUQu-00121-00009719-00009726 LIFESTYLE. >> A LOT OF PATIENTS HAVE TRIED  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00122-00009726-00009883 LIFESTYLE. >> A LOT OF PATIENTS HAVE TRIED A NUMBER OF TIMES TO QUIT AND
fPQOW_XhUQu-00123-00009883-00009889 >> A LOT OF PATIENTS HAVE TRIED A NUMBER OF TIMES TO QUIT AND  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00124-00009889-00010036 >> A LOT OF PATIENTS HAVE TRIED A NUMBER OF TIMES TO QUIT AND SOMETIMES THEY FEEL KIND OF
fPQOW_XhUQu-00125-00010036-00010043 A NUMBER OF TIMES TO QUIT AND SOMETIMES THEY FEEL KIND OF  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00126-00010043-00010156 A NUMBER OF TIMES TO QUIT AND SOMETIMES THEY FEEL KIND OF DISCOURAGED ABOUT THAT.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00127-00010156-00010163 SOMETIMES THEY FEEL KIND OF DISCOURAGED ABOUT THAT.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00128-00010163-00010423 SOMETIMES THEY FEEL KIND OF DISCOURAGED ABOUT THAT. BUT WE SEE IT AS A GOOD THING IN
fPQOW_XhUQu-00129-00010423-00010430 DISCOURAGED ABOUT THAT. BUT WE SEE IT AS A GOOD THING IN  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00130-00010430-00010577 DISCOURAGED ABOUT THAT. BUT WE SEE IT AS A GOOD THING IN THAT IT'S IMPORTANT ENOUGH THAT
fPQOW_XhUQu-00131-00010577-00010583 BUT WE SEE IT AS A GOOD THING IN THAT IT'S IMPORTANT ENOUGH THAT  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00132-00010583-00010707 BUT WE SEE IT AS A GOOD THING IN THAT IT'S IMPORTANT ENOUGH THAT THEY'RE WILLING TO CONTINUE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00133-00010707-00010714 THAT IT'S IMPORTANT ENOUGH THAT THEY'RE WILLING TO CONTINUE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00134-00010714-00010847 THAT IT'S IMPORTANT ENOUGH THAT THEY'RE WILLING TO CONTINUE TRYING TO QUIT OR THEY'RE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00135-00010847-00010854 THEY'RE WILLING TO CONTINUE TRYING TO QUIT OR THEY'RE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00136-00010854-00010974 THEY'RE WILLING TO CONTINUE TRYING TO QUIT OR THEY'RE WILLING TO TRY IT AGAIN.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00137-00010974-00010980 TRYING TO QUIT OR THEY'RE WILLING TO TRY IT AGAIN.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00138-00010980-00011131 TRYING TO QUIT OR THEY'RE WILLING TO TRY IT AGAIN. THAT'S A GREAT DAY TO DO IT.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00139-00011131-00011137 WILLING TO TRY IT AGAIN. THAT'S A GREAT DAY TO DO IT.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00140-00011137-00011314 WILLING TO TRY IT AGAIN. THAT'S A GREAT DAY TO DO IT. >> Reporter:  THERE ARE SMOKING
fPQOW_XhUQu-00141-00011314-00011321 THAT'S A GREAT DAY TO DO IT. >> Reporter:  THERE ARE SMOKING  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00142-00011321-00011451 THAT'S A GREAT DAY TO DO IT. >> Reporter:  THERE ARE SMOKING TOBACCO CESSATION SPECIALISTS IN
fPQOW_XhUQu-00143-00011451-00011458 >> Reporter:  THERE ARE SMOKING TOBACCO CESSATION SPECIALISTS IN  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00144-00011458-00011861 >> Reporter:  THERE ARE SMOKING TOBACCO CESSATION SPECIALISTS IN A NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES WHERE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00145-00011861-00011868 TOBACCO CESSATION SPECIALISTS IN A NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES WHERE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00146-00011868-00011958 TOBACCO CESSATION SPECIALISTS IN A NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES WHERE THERE'S AN ESSENTIA HEALTH
fPQOW_XhUQu-00147-00011958-00011965 A NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES WHERE THERE'S AN ESSENTIA HEALTH  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00148-00011965-00012018 A NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES WHERE THERE'S AN ESSENTIA HEALTH CLINIC.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00149-00012018-00012025 THERE'S AN ESSENTIA HEALTH CLINIC.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00150-00012025-00012118 THERE'S AN ESSENTIA HEALTH CLINIC. REPORTING FROM THE ESSENTIA
fPQOW_XhUQu-00151-00012118-00012125 CLINIC. REPORTING FROM THE ESSENTIA  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00152-00012125-00012285 CLINIC. REPORTING FROM THE ESSENTIA HEALTH BAXTER CLINIC, CLAYTON
fPQOW_XhUQu-00153-00012285-00012292 REPORTING FROM THE ESSENTIA HEALTH BAXTER CLINIC, CLAYTON  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00154-00012292-00012499 REPORTING FROM THE ESSENTIA HEALTH BAXTER CLINIC, CLAYTON CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS.
fPQOW_XhUQu-00155-00012499-00012505 HEALTH BAXTER CLINIC, CLAYTON CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS.  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00156-00012505-00012619 HEALTH BAXTER CLINIC, CLAYTON CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS. >>Dennis:  ACCORDING TO THE
fPQOW_XhUQu-00157-00012619-00012625 CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS. >>Dennis:  ACCORDING TO THE  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00158-00012625-00012782 CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS. >>Dennis:  ACCORDING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
fPQOW_XhUQu-00159-00012782-00012789 >>Dennis:  ACCORDING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN  
fPQOW_XhUQu-00160-00012789-00012839 >>Dennis:  ACCORDING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, MORE THAN 16 MILLION
fczgRE1tkq4-00000-00000000-00000704 *Epic Music*
fdPGB7vo_gY-00000-00000579-00001221 Good morning, mr, master, maestro or simply
fdPGB7vo_gY-00001-00001221-00001646 oooooooooooooooooooor
fdPGB7vo_gY-00002-00001646-00002538 simply David, yes David, David, why not, David, David, David Lynch?
fdPGB7vo_gY-00003-00002538-00003373 It's February 1st, 2023 and it's a Wednesday.
fdPGB7vo_gY-00004-00003373-00004139 Here in Naples a middle but mostly cloudy sky, sky and afternoon, afternoon because
fdPGB7vo_gY-00005-00004139-00004352 they are already 13:15,
fdPGB7vo_gY-00006-00004352-00005328 very still right now, 55.4 fahrenheit 13 celsius and this means that mmmmmh I think it's that
fdPGB7vo_gY-00007-00005328-00005586 day really, really,
fdPGB7vo_gY-00008-00005586-00006426 really, really cold more for the atmosphere than for the degrees I think.
fdPGB7vo_gY-00009-00006426-00007395 Yes, being already afternoon I think that the temperature at this point is this, I repeat,
fdPGB7vo_gY-00010-00007395-00007706 as I said just before
fdPGB7vo_gY-00011-00007706-00007868 55.4 fahrenheit 13 celsius,
fdPGB7vo_gY-00012-00007868-00008560 but the really important thing with this atmosphere is that, as I anticipated at the opening,
fdPGB7vo_gY-00013-00008560-00008660 absolutely we
fdPGB7vo_gY-00014-00008660-00009561 don't have those beautiful blue skies and golden sunshine.
fdPGB7vo_gY-00015-00009561-00009670 I don't know if you see:
fdPGB7vo_gY-00016-00009670-00010257 yes, a totally gray sky and I think that could be dark in the next hours and perhaps also
fdPGB7vo_gY-00017-00010257-00010357 that could rain,
fdPGB7vo_gY-00018-00010357-00010782 but obviously we aren't magicians or wizards on this point, so we'll see.
fdPGB7vo_gY-00019-00010782-00010974 Bad well for me today.
fdPGB7vo_gY-00020-00010974-00011089 So, said this:
fdPGB7vo_gY-00021-00011089-00011491 so from the mythical window with the new gray courtain as you know since November 1st, 2022
fdPGB7vo_gY-00022-00011491-00011846 and also with these beautifully painted wavy branches
fdPGB7vo_gY-00023-00011846-00012168 and as regards the window its green roller shooter not visible in this period and in
fdPGB7vo_gY-00024-00012168-00012645 fact here in the shot
fdPGB7vo_gY-00025-00012645-00013567 and finally from my mythical Keyboard Yamaha DGX640 YPG-625
fdPGB7vo_gY-00026-00013767-00014191 have a great day him, all the people who follow the channel and the Reports, yes really a
fdPGB7vo_gY-00027-00014191-00014568 greeting to everyone, also to my brother, to the last
fdPGB7vo_gY-00028-00014568-00014940 subscribers and finally I hope you all have a great breakfast.
fdPGB7vo_gY-00029-00014940-00015476 I know it's late, but I wake up a bit late, so fortunately I'll do it as soon, I'm really
fdPGB7vo_gY-00030-00015476-00015869 hungry and as we always say:
fdPGB7vo_gY-00031-00015869-00016805 Breakfast is always one of the most beautiful things in life and in the world, absolutely.
fdPGB7vo_gY-00032-00016805-00017436 I'll see you in the Today's UFO Plate is...?
fdPGB7vo_gY-00033-00017436-00018062 video (if I don't die) because as you know it's a Wednesday.
fdPGB7vo_gY-00034-00018062-00018425 "Today's UFO Plate is...?"
fetiN5WN1FE-00000-00001036-00001488 A jus top man e gyal dem love She see di boss draws fly like dove
fetiN5WN1FE-00001-00001488-00001922 Me say hi she get ready now When girls hear mi name dem a run up n dung
fetiN5WN1FE-00002-00001922-00002434 Choppa step ina di street me dem gyal a greet She a touch up r pussy seh a mi she waa gi'it
fetiN5WN1FE-00003-00002434-00002954 Big woman a seh mi cute R husband a cuss n she put him pon mute nothing but the truth ha
fetiN5WN1FE-00004-00002954-00003260 Guess a di way mi move mek every gyal jus love mi
fetiN5WN1FE-00005-00003260-00003434 (Dem love me)
fetiN5WN1FE-00006-00003434-00003768 Guess a di way mi role mek every gyal jus love mi
fetiN5WN1FE-00007-00003768-00003868 (Guess wah?)
fetiN5WN1FE-00008-00003868-00004082 Fuck uh gyal n ano one n ano two time
fetiN5WN1FE-00009-00004082-00004334 Did a try fi move, di body too fine
fetiN5WN1FE-00010-00004334-00004476 Couldn't afford fi lose
fetiN5WN1FE-00011-00004476-00004832 So mi call r back sed speed n ask fi a rewind
fetiN5WN1FE-00012-00004832-00005082 Uh punany good, will uh be mine
fetiN5WN1FE-00013-00005082-00005280 N it flairy like uh eat pine
fetiN5WN1FE-00014-00005280-00005542 Still cya keep one girl mi a pree nine
fetiN5WN1FE-00015-00005542-00005794 But baby, a u at the top a di line
fetiN5WN1FE-00016-00005794-00005970 Right now, a me a di man
fetiN5WN1FE-00017-00005970-00006220 If yaa talk bout Ymo G yaa talk bout di don
fetiN5WN1FE-00018-00006220-00006684 Every gyal waa feel wah ina mi pants N dem pussy get wet when mi pop rubber bands
fetiN5WN1FE-00019-00006684-00006975 When mi pop dem Gyal see mi an' drop dead
fetiN5WN1FE-00020-00006975-00007284 Dem waa mi like hot bread Dis a gyalis anthem
fetiN5WN1FE-00021-00007284-00007711 Roll out, yow man dem Party, link up every gang den
fetiN5WN1FE-00022-00007711-00008118 Gyal skin ketch a fire when dem see mi Dem a run n drop a grung dem waa bring di pussy gi mi
fetiN5WN1FE-00023-00008118-00008362 All Micky vex true she see mi wid Niki
fetiN5WN1FE-00024-00008362-00008736 Niki deal wid e dick like she waa lef a hickey (haa)
fetiN5WN1FE-00025-00008736-00009194 Tek uh gyal sink dick ina r hole (she get fuck now)
fetiN5WN1FE-00026-00009194-00009632 Gyal criminal a jus so top man role (so we role)
fetiN5WN1FE-00027-00009632-00009852 Fuck uh gyal n ano one n ano two time
fetiN5WN1FE-00028-00009852-00010100 Did a try fi move, di body too fine
fetiN5WN1FE-00029-00010100-00010238 Couldn't afford fi lose
fetiN5WN1FE-00030-00010238-00010596 So mi call r back sed speed n ask fi a rewind
fetiN5WN1FE-00031-00010596-00010826 Uh punany good, will uh be mine
fetiN5WN1FE-00032-00010826-00011038 N it flairy like uh eat pine
fetiN5WN1FE-00033-00011038-00011308 Still cya keep one girl mi a pree nine
fetiN5WN1FE-00034-00011308-00011554 But baby, a u at the top a di line
fetiN5WN1FE-00035-00011554-00012010 Feel up gyal buff e jaw tun toad So mi flick on mi boots an' run road
fetiN5WN1FE-00036-00012011-00012434 She seh jay uh cocky tuff like board From gyal see top man dem know di damn code
fetiN5WN1FE-00037-00012434-00012928 Mi a smoke liquor n a drink weed N mi mix up mi flow like bleaching cream
fetiN5WN1FE-00038-00012928-00013180 Deh pon every gyal mind Bou mi dem a dream
fetiN5WN1FE-00039-00013180-00013634 She fuck mi now she waa fuck di whole team Mi nuh regular like mi ano human being
fetiN5WN1FE-00040-00013634-00014128 Cologne Issey Miyake no mi no green Fuck 16 gyal when mi a 16
fetiN5WN1FE-00041-00014128-00014413 Mi a real gyalis yow jus gwaan go ask jean (haa)
fetiN5WN1FE-00042-00014413-00014657 Choppa step ina di street Me dem gyal a greet
fetiN5WN1FE-00043-00014657-00014922 She a touch up r pussy seh a mi she waa geet
fetiN5WN1FE-00044-00014922-00015054 Big woman a seh mi cute
fetiN5WN1FE-00045-00015054-00015386 R husband a cuss n she put him pon mute nothing but di truth
fetiN5WN1FE-00046-00015386-00015628 Fuck uh gyal n ano one n ano two time
fetiN5WN1FE-00047-00015628-00015854 Did a try fi move, di body too fine
fetiN5WN1FE-00048-00015854-00015997 Couldn't afford fi lose
fetiN5WN1FE-00049-00015997-00016350 So mi call r back sed speed n ask fi a rewind
fetiN5WN1FE-00050-00016350-00016566 Uh punany good, will uh be mine
fetiN5WN1FE-00051-00016566-00016810 N it flairy like uh eat pine
fetiN5WN1FE-00052-00016810-00017076 Still cya keep one girl mi a pree nine
fetiN5WN1FE-00053-00017076-00017309 But baby, a u at the top a di line
fe_T4mngQhE-00000-00001776-00002152 There are some pleasures which are almost impossible to account for
fe_T4mngQhE-00001-00002216-00002880 and very difficult to describe. I have just experienced one of them while travelling by tube
fe_T4mngQhE-00002-00002880-00003479 from Paddington to Harrow. Whether I can succeed in making it imaginable to you is doubtful;
fe_T4mngQhE-00003-00003536-00003960 but certainly my only chance of success depends on impressing you, from the outset,
fe_T4mngQhE-00004-00004015-00004632 with the fact that I am what used to be called a country cousin. Except for a short spell in a
fe_T4mngQhE-00005-00004632-00005336 London Hospital in the last war I have never lived in London. As a result I not only know it badly
fe_T4mngQhE-00006-00005336-00006008 but also I have never learned to regard it as a quite ordinary place. When, on the return from
fe_T4mngQhE-00007-00006008-00006576 one of my visits, I plunge underground to reach Paddington, I never know whether I shall strike
fe_T4mngQhE-00008-00006576-00007184 daylight again at the staircase which comes up under the hotel or at a quite different place
fe_T4mngQhE-00009-00007184-00007728 out near the end of the departure platforms. 'All is fortune' so far as I am concerned;
fe_T4mngQhE-00010-00007816-00008408 I have to be prepared for either event as I have to be prepared for fog, rain, or sunshine.
fe_T4mngQhE-00011-00008528-00009136 It was early evening when my journey began. The train was full, but not yet uncomfortably full,
fe_T4mngQhE-00012-00009136-00009760 of people going home. It is important to insist-you will see why in a moment-that I was
fe_T4mngQhE-00013-00009760-00010336 under no illusion about them. If any one had asked me whether I supposed them to be specially good
fe_T4mngQhE-00014-00010336-00010960 people or specially happy or specially clever, I should have replied with a perfectly truthful No.
fe_T4mngQhE-00015-00011056-00011568 I knew quite well that perhaps not ten per cent of the homes they were returning to would be free,
fe_T4mngQhE-00016-00011632-00012344 even for that one night, from ill temper, jealousy, weariness, sorrow or anxiety,
fe_T4mngQhE-00017-00012408-00013152 and yet-I could not help it-the clicking of all those garden gates, the opening of all those front
fe_T4mngQhE-00018-00013152-00013847 doors, the unanalysable home smell in all those little halls, the hanging up of all those hats,
fe_T4mngQhE-00019-00013912-00014424 came over my imagination with all the caress of a half-remembered bit of music.
fe_T4mngQhE-00020-00014528-00015168 There is an extraordinary charm in other people's domesticities. Every lighted house,
fe_T4mngQhE-00021-00015168-00015736 seen from the road, is magical: every pram or lawn-mower in someone else's garden:
fe_T4mngQhE-00022-00015736-00016496 all smells or stirs of cookery from the windows of alien kitchens. I intend no cheap sneer at
fe_T4mngQhE-00023-00016496-00017048 one's own domesticities. The pleasure is, once more, the mirror pleasure-the
fe_T4mngQhE-00024-00017048-00017720 pleasure of seeing as an outside what is to others an inside, and realizing that you are doing so.
fe_T4mngQhE-00025-00017792-00018112 But I need not try to enumerate all the ingredients.
fe_T4mngQhE-00026-00018112-00018616 The point is that all these things between them built up for me a degree of happiness
fe_T4mngQhE-00027-00018616-00019160 which I must not try to assess because, if I did, you would think I was exaggerating.
fe_T4mngQhE-00028-00019304-00020008 But wait. "Built up" is the wrong expression. They did not actually impose this happiness;
fe_T4mngQhE-00029-00020008-00020440 they offered it. I was free to take it or not as I chose-like
fe_T4mngQhE-00030-00020536-00021168 distant music which you need not listen to unless you wish, like a delicious faint wind on your face
fe_T4mngQhE-00031-00021168-00021856 which you can easily ignore. One was invited to surrender to it. And the odd thing is that
fe_T4mngQhE-00032-00021856-00022432 something inside me suggested that it would be "sensible" to refuse the invitation; almost that
fe_T4mngQhE-00033-00022432-00022936 I would be better employed in remembering that I was going to do a job I do not greatly enjoy and
fe_T4mngQhE-00034-00022936-00023696 that I should have a very tiresome journey back to Oxford. Then I silenced this inward wiseacre.
fe_T4mngQhE-00035-00023760-00024304 I accepted the invitation-threw myself open to this feathery, impalpable, tingling
fe_T4mngQhE-00036-00024304-00024920 invitation. The rest of the journey I passed in a state which can be described only as joy.
fe_T4mngQhE-00037-00025168-00025680 I record all this not because I suppose that my adventure, simply as mine, is of any general
fe_T4mngQhE-00038-00025680-00026256 interest, but because I fancy that something of the same sort will have happened to most people.
fe_T4mngQhE-00039-00026383-00026960 Is it not the fact that the actual quality of life as we live it-the weather of the consciousness
fe_T4mngQhE-00040-00026960-00027495 from moment to moment-is either much more loosely or else very much more subtly connected
fe_T4mngQhE-00041-00027495-00028176 than we commonly suppose with what is often called our "real" life? There are, in fact, two
fe_T4mngQhE-00042-00028176-00028624 lives? In the one come all the things which (if we were eminent people)
fe_T4mngQhE-00043-00028624-00029183 our biographers would write about, all that we commonly call good and bad fortune and on which
fe_T4mngQhE-00044-00029183-00029832 we receive congratulations or condolences. But side by side with this, accompanying it
fe_T4mngQhE-00045-00029832-00030272 all the way like that ghost compartment which we see through the windows of a train at night,
fe_T4mngQhE-00046-00030344-00031095 there runs something else. We can ignore it if we choose; but it constantly offers to come
fe_T4mngQhE-00047-00031095-00031639 in. Huge pleasures, never quite expressible in words, sometimes
fe_T4mngQhE-00048-00031639-00032144 (if we are careless) not even acknowledged or remembered, invade us from that quarter.
fe_T4mngQhE-00049-00032288-00032639 Hence the unreasonable happiness which sometimes surprises a man
fe_T4mngQhE-00050-00032639-00033144 at those very hours which ought, according to all objective rules, to have been most miserable.
fe_T4mngQhE-00051-00033328-00033832 If I am right in thinking that others beside myself experience this occasional and unpredicted
fe_T4mngQhE-00052-00033832-00034488 offer, this invitation into Eden, I expect to be right also in believing that others know
fe_T4mngQhE-00053-00034488-00035256 the inner wiseacre, the Jailer, who forbids acceptance. This Jailer has all sorts of tricks.
fe_T4mngQhE-00054-00035312-00035704 When he finds you not worrying in a situation where worry was possible,
fe_T4mngQhE-00055-00035704-00036024 he tries to convince you that by beginning to worry you can
fe_T4mngQhE-00056-00036024-00036648 "do something" to avert the danger. Nine times out of ten this turns out on inspection to be bosh.
fe_T4mngQhE-00057-00036776-00037344 On other days he becomes very moral: he says it is "selfish" or "complacent" of you to be
fe_T4mngQhE-00058-00037344-00037776 feeling like that-although, at the very moment of his accusation, you may be setting out to
fe_T4mngQhE-00059-00037776-00038424 render the only service in your power. If he has discovered a certain weak point in you, he will
fe_T4mngQhE-00060-00038424-00038984 say you are being "adolescent"; to which I always reply that he's getting terribly middle-aged.
fe_T4mngQhE-00061-00039128-00039648 But his favourite line, in these days, is to confuse the issue. He will pretend,
fe_T4mngQhE-00062-00039648-00040200 if you let him, that the pleasure, say, in other people's domesticities is based on illusion.
fe_T4mngQhE-00063-00040272-00040696 He will point out to you at great length (evidence never bothers him) that if you
fe_T4mngQhE-00064-00040696-00041160 went into any one of those houses you would find every sort of skeleton in every cupboard.
fe_T4mngQhE-00065-00041256-00041816 But he is only trying to muddle you. The pleasure involves, or need involve, no illusion at all.
fe_T4mngQhE-00066-00041904-00042456 Distant hills look blue. They still look blue even after you have discovered that this particular
fe_T4mngQhE-00067-00042456-00042960 beauty disappears when you approach them. The fact that they look blue fifteen miles away is
fe_T4mngQhE-00068-00042960-00043632 just as much a fact as anything else. If we are to be realists, let us have realism all round.
fe_T4mngQhE-00069-00043704-00044240 It is a mere brute fact that patches of that boyhood, remembered in one's forties at the
fe_T4mngQhE-00070-00044240-00044840 bidding of some sudden smell or sound, give one (in the forties) an almost unbearable pleasure.
fe_T4mngQhE-00071-00044920-00045560 The one is as good a fact as the other. Nothing would induce me to return to the age of fourteen:
fe_T4mngQhE-00072-00045560-00045960 but neither would anything induce me to forgo the exquisite Proustian
fe_T4mngQhE-00073-00045960-00047784 or Wordsworthian moments in which that part of the past sometimes returns to me.
ff_zDWeM7jc-00000-00000048-00000688 i have to force a dislike on so many videos today. i am extremely sorry for this, but this
ff_zDWeM7jc-00001-00000688-00001240 was because i just couldn't wait for any ads at all, because there were 15 hours to videos.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00000-00000096-00000838 I asked Google two things: First, how many hours does the average person work in a lifetime?
ffcSqYV-LSk-00001-00000838-00001175 And Google confidently responded with 90 000 hours.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00002-00001175-00001669 Then I asked: How long does a PhD degree take to complete?
ffcSqYV-LSk-00003-00001669-00002334 And here Google was a little more hesitant and responded with 3-5 years, which with some
ffcSqYV-LSk-00004-00002334-00002943 conservative calculations came out to be around 12 500 hours.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00005-00002943-00003043 Alright!
ffcSqYV-LSk-00006-00003043-00003289 Where am I going with this?
ffcSqYV-LSk-00007-00003289-00003854 Often PhD students view FAIR data only as extra work.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00008-00003854-00004586 However, let me try to convince you that investing into FAIR data is worth it the same way that
ffcSqYV-LSk-00009-00004586-00005011 investing 12 500 hours in a PhD is.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00010-00005011-00005552 Now, FAIR data will cost the average PhD student about 6 weeks.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00011-00005552-00005889 A hefty investment, you might say.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00012-00005889-00005994 Sure.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00013-00005994-00006262 But where do you place the value of your PhD?
ffcSqYV-LSk-00014-00006262-00006798 A Dr. title in front of your name maybe?
ffcSqYV-LSk-00015-00006798-00007370 Or the positive impact you might have on the world through your publications.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00016-00007370-00007622 Think well about this!
ffcSqYV-LSk-00017-00007622-00008190 Because science is a cumulative process, and if your publications are what you take pride
ffcSqYV-LSk-00018-00008190-00008770 in, then you should make damn sure your data doesn't die once the publication is out.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00019-00008770-00009385 FAIR data is a chance for your data to have more than an incremental effect, and it lets
ffcSqYV-LSk-00020-00009385-00009947 somebody build on top of the knowledge you are sharing in a publication.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00021-00009947-00010643 All great inventions firmly stand on previous work, and we should move beyond just sharing
ffcSqYV-LSk-00022-00010643-00010743 text.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00023-00010743-00011317 Does the 6 weeks out of 5 years still sound like a lot?
ffcSqYV-LSk-00024-00011317-00011936 And by the way, if your adviser truly understands what FAIR data is, they will only encourage
ffcSqYV-LSk-00025-00011936-00012086 you to do it.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00026-00012086-00012547 If you disagree or you are confused by my statements, write a comment below.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00027-00012547-00012996 My name is Nick, and I am a mechanical engineer who is in love with FAIR data.
ffcSqYV-LSk-00028-00012996-00013460 Visit my YouTube channel or follow me Twitter for more data-related content.
fhXaBpydugc-00000-00000000-00000986 SCP-2718 What Happens After - object class Catastrophic abort at D09E2AD9: HANDLE_NOT_FOUND
fhXaBpydugc-00001-00001060-00001307 Item #: 2718 Object Class:
fhXaBpydugc-00002-00001307-00001643 Catastrophic abort at D09E2AD9: HANDLE_NOT_FOUND
fhXaBpydugc-00003-00001643-00002418 Special Containment Procedures: SCP-2718 is a DAMMERUNG class cognitohazard. All personnel,
fhXaBpydugc-00004-00002418-00002761 regardless of clearance, are forbidden to expose themselves to the Description of this
fhXaBpydugc-00005-00002761-00003351 article under any circumstances. Do not tamper with this warning without DAMMERUNG clearance.
fhXaBpydugc-00006-00003351-00003832 Do not discuss the existence of this article with any person. No disciplinary action will
fhXaBpydugc-00007-00003832-00004313 be necessary, provided you close this article now, and clear your browser cache.
fhXaBpydugc-00008-00004313-00004726 Atypical software measures have been used to mitigate the risk of accidental exposure.
fhXaBpydugc-00009-00004726-00005214 It is only by an unfortunate coincidence of extremely low probability that you have stumbled
fhXaBpydugc-00010-00005214-00005717 across this entry at all. No disciplinary action will be necessary, provided you close
fhXaBpydugc-00011-00005717-00005973 this article now, and clear your browser cache.
fhXaBpydugc-00012-00005973-00006555 Since creation, only the Special Containment Procedures section of this record has ever
fhXaBpydugc-00013-00006555-00007020 been editable. Due to the clearance of the file’s original author, and anomalous database
fhXaBpydugc-00014-00007020-00007618 limitations in effect, this record can neither be deleted nor effectively redacted. Access
fhXaBpydugc-00015-00007618-00008071 restrictions cannot be applied to the data in any reliable way.
fhXaBpydugc-00016-00008071-00008564 Of course, access restrictions can still be enforced. It is now too late to close this
fhXaBpydugc-00017-00008564-00009077 article. Do not discuss the existence of this article with any person. Notify the Help Desk
fhXaBpydugc-00018-00009077-00009588 that your workstation has a DAMMERUNG contamination. Shut off your monitor, and seek immediate
fhXaBpydugc-00019-00009588-00009699 amnestic treatment.
fhXaBpydugc-00020-00009699-00010142 The following conditions shall constitute a breach:
fhXaBpydugc-00021-00010142-00010460 Exposure to any part of the Description, however briefly
fhXaBpydugc-00022-00010460-00010989 Failure to close this article within eighteen seconds of exposure without code-word clearance
fhXaBpydugc-00023-00010989-00011489 Shut off your monitor now, notify the Breach Desk that you and your workstation have DAMMERUNG
fhXaBpydugc-00024-00011489-00011849 contamination. Await MTF processing.
fhXaBpydugc-00025-00011849-00012207 - Hide Agent Instructions: the breach to which you
fhXaBpydugc-00026-00012207-00012638 are responding has already been mostly contained by an automated system, and containment will
fhXaBpydugc-00027-00012638-00013122 be complete when you restart this terminal. However, your orders are to attempt to improve
fhXaBpydugc-00028-00013122-00013535 the current containment procedures by any means possible, within the time allotted to
fhXaBpydugc-00029-00013535-00014055 you. You have been temporarily granted Administrative network access from this terminal. Use any
fhXaBpydugc-00030-00014055-00014500 resources you deem necessary to fulfill your mission, but DO NOT expose yourself to the
fhXaBpydugc-00031-00014500-00015155 cognitohazard in the Description. The following technical details will help you in your task:
fhXaBpydugc-00032-00015155-00015644 As noted above, this article ignores the delete command; it cannot be extricated from the
fhXaBpydugc-00033-00015644-00016233 database without extensive collateral corruption of other critical systems. Instead, the containment
fhXaBpydugc-00034-00016233-00016775 strategy is to minimize the probability of a user discovering this entry by chance. To
fhXaBpydugc-00035-00016775-00017526 this end, an un-haltable mainframe process (ID 9000013) repeatedly switches the ordinal
fhXaBpydugc-00036-00017526-00018126 designation of this article with that of another randomly selected entry. Normally, when two
fhXaBpydugc-00037-00018126-00018620 article numbers are exchanged for administrative purposes, the two entries disappear from the
fhXaBpydugc-00038-00018620-00019289 index momentarily. A kernel exploit of Processor Erratum 23 allows us to delay completion of
fhXaBpydugc-00039-00019289-00019790 the subroutine by deeply recursing the article renumbering with an intentionally terrible
fhXaBpydugc-00040-00019790-00020240 algorithm (currently Bubblesort Stoogesort Bogosort) against a known corrupt stack in
fhXaBpydugc-00041-00020240-00020862 extended memory until the thread aborts catastrophically, the index swap completes, and the process
fhXaBpydugc-00042-00020862-00021587 restarts. This artificially inserts a delay on the order of 1017 clock cycles between
fhXaBpydugc-00043-00021587-00022106 visibility, when a link to this article becomes momentarily visible and accessible from the
fhXaBpydugc-00044-00022106-00022493 article index before the process repeats.
fhXaBpydugc-00045-00022493-00022957 Breach will only occur in the unlikely event that a user with index privileges loads the
fhXaBpydugc-00046-00022957-00023473 main list at precisely the correct moment and, despite need-to-know best practices,
fhXaBpydugc-00047-00023473-00024044 follows the link to this entry, ignores the warnings, and reads past the first paragraph.
fhXaBpydugc-00048-00024044-00024592 The intervals between visibility are indeterminate but finite. On average, the interval will
fhXaBpydugc-00049-00024592-00025217 grow larger (by order O(n2)) as the number of available articles grows, but shorter as
fhXaBpydugc-00050-00025217-00025614 the mainframe's hot-swappable processors increase in FLOPS.
fhXaBpydugc-00051-00025614-00026195 This kludge has a gravely serious side effect: the SCP article randomly selected for the
fhXaBpydugc-00052-00026195-00026676 swap also disappears from the list for the same period of time, until reappearing under
fhXaBpydugc-00053-00026676-00027402 a new ID. While O5 has authorized this detrimental effect as an acceptable consequence of containment,
fhXaBpydugc-00054-00027402-00027866 you are ordered not to verify it through the chain of command, as no other living person
fhXaBpydugc-00055-00027866-00028440 is currently aware that this article, this process, or this authorization exists. If
fhXaBpydugc-00056-00028440-00028927 validation is required, an inline O5 authorization of this order follows.
fhXaBpydugc-00057-00028927-00029481 You are subject to summary termination by Trinitite-class memetic if you proceed past
fhXaBpydugc-00058-00029481-00029898 this point.
fhXaBpydugc-00059-00029898-00031275 Editor’s note: I had to throw that killsprite together in a hurry. The one constructed and
fhXaBpydugc-00060-00031275-00031713 installed by my predecessor was clearly defective – instead of the donkey kick I expected
fhXaBpydugc-00061-00031713-00032325 from a standard inoculation interdiction, I barely registered minor eyestrain. Of course,
fhXaBpydugc-00062-00032325-00032741 under the circumstances I suppose we're limited, aren't we? To a contaminated workstation and
fhXaBpydugc-00063-00032741-00033232 barely adequate tools. Anyway, if you survived that memetic, hopefully it’s because you
fhXaBpydugc-00064-00033232-00033678 have code-word clearance, and not because I didn't get it right either - in that case
fhXaBpydugc-00065-00033678-00034188 you're probably boned pretty bad, and I apologize for not killing you in time.
fhXaBpydugc-00066-00034188-00034584 But cut me some slack: when we looked them up ninety minutes ago, the only procedures
fhXaBpydugc-00067-00034584-00035058 for this code-word read “Randomly select one mainframe-qualified coder from the Experimental
fhXaBpydugc-00068-00035058-00035617 Containment Research Group with Level 3 clearance. Supply the designee with a Behemoth-class
fhXaBpydugc-00069-00035617-00036093 amnestic, and dispatch them to the affected terminal. They will find instructions there.
fhXaBpydugc-00070-00036093-00036562 If they fail to complete their task within two hours, or if, upon return, they can remember
fhXaBpydugc-00071-00036562-00037091 the year or name the current U.S. President – terminate.” Guess what? That's a pretty
fhXaBpydugc-00072-00037091-00037709 small subset of personnel to choose "randomly" from. Well, Spock smashes scissors, but Paper
fhXaBpydugc-00073-00037709-00038230 disproves Spock, so now in return for containment duty, I get to blow a sizable chunk of my
fhXaBpydugc-00074-00038230-00038675 life out of my skull. At least I won't have to remember them "processing" the looky-loo
fhXaBpydugc-00075-00038675-00038911 who caused this breach.
fhXaBpydugc-00076-00038911-00039484 Assuming you're ECRG like me, you never heard of DAMMERUNG before today either. Here’s
fhXaBpydugc-00077-00039484-00039890 what I can tell you: from the look of the source code and comments, you're probably
fhXaBpydugc-00078-00039890-00040326 the fourth or fifth to respond to this thing since inception. I made a couple of minor
fhXaBpydugc-00079-00040326-00040789 edits to the documentation above, but mostly spent my time trying to slow the algorithm
fhXaBpydugc-00080-00040789-00041302 with the worst patterns I could think of. In the end, I was only able to deoptimize
fhXaBpydugc-00081-00041302-00041802 the existing recursion by a factor of two. Unfortunately, I don’t know enough about
fhXaBpydugc-00082-00041802-00042271 the underlying hardware or how often users follow unfamiliar links from the main list
fhXaBpydugc-00083-00042271-00042743 to guess how much difference that makes. I'm sure, on first implementation, they thought
fhXaBpydugc-00084-00042743-00043170 they had five, maybe ten years between breaches, but I know for a fact that they've introduced
fhXaBpydugc-00085-00043170-00043613 at least one quantum processor to the grid, which will deprecate this approach faster
fhXaBpydugc-00086-00043613-00044145 than you can say REDACTED. Hopefully you’ve got a better idea for a slower algo than I
fhXaBpydugc-00087-00044145-00044751 or the last three did. Maybe upgrade to a Quantum Bogosort of the article numbers? On
fhXaBpydugc-00088-00044751-00045276 this hardware, that might technically be an XK algorithm and therefore forbidden. I dunno.
fhXaBpydugc-00089-00045276-00045704 I’ve used up most of my time already, and I can’t risk another recompile in the few
fhXaBpydugc-00090-00045704-00046074 minutes remaining before I have to commit these changes and wash down this stick of
fhXaBpydugc-00091-00046074-00046429 dynamite with warm, backwashy Mountain Dew.
fhXaBpydugc-00092-00046429-00046529 -Andrews out
fhXaBpydugc-00093-00046529-00046629 ~ ~ ~
fhXaBpydugc-00094-00046629-00047190 p.s. I guess I got to thinking my brain was hosed either way so what the hell and i don’t
fhXaBpydugc-00095-00047190-00047609 know why but i just went ahead and did it - couldn't help myself really - RESIST THE
fhXaBpydugc-00096-00047609-00048119 URGE - it’s clearly a Fridge-class cognitohazard and already it’s starting to sink in so
fhXaBpydugc-00097-00048119-00048305 this horse pill better work right quick
fhXaBpydugc-00098-00048305-00048408 Description:
fhXaBpydugc-00099-00048408-00048818 <microphone tapping> <chair sliding>
fhXaBpydugc-00100-00048818-00049536 There you go, Ma’am. This interpreter is new technology, but it will allow you to forgo
fhXaBpydugc-00101-00049536-00050007 the use of a keyboard for article creation. Just speak naturally into the microphone.
fhXaBpydugc-00102-00050007-00050360 We can go back and revise any errors after you have finished.
fhXaBpydugc-00103-00050360-00050994 I don’t think so, young man. There won’t be time. This must also be a permanent record,
fhXaBpydugc-00104-00050994-00051383 access restricted to L-3s and up. Can you prevent anyone from tampering with this entry
fhXaBpydugc-00105-00051383-00051483 later?
fhXaBpydugc-00106-00051483-00051733 Um… anyone, Ma’am?
fhXaBpydugc-00107-00051733-00052191 Anyone and everyone. You understand me. If there is ever but one article left in the
fhXaBpydugc-00108-00052191-00052396 database, this had better be it.
fhXaBpydugc-00109-00052396-00052791 Well… I’m not senior enough to select the most appropriate technique to accomplish
fhXaBpydugc-00110-00052791-00053016 that. Maybe if we got Gephart involved -
fhXaBpydugc-00111-00053016-00053529 I want you to make an executive decision. I’m confident in your ability. We cannot
fhXaBpydugc-00112-00053529-00053629 delay.
fhXaBpydugc-00113-00053629-00054194 Okay, okay… um, there is a mechanism I could take advantage of – it’s actually designed
fhXaBpydugc-00114-00054194-00054591 to protect against anomalous data corruption, but it would have the effect you're looking
fhXaBpydugc-00115-00054591-00055087 for. If you’re certain, Ma’am, I could make this section of the article write-once,
fhXaBpydugc-00116-00055087-00055701 and splice it into the database runtime. However, that means no editing whatsoever will be possible.
fhXaBpydugc-00117-00055701-00056041 If you misspeak, you’ll just have to clarify and keep going.
fhXaBpydugc-00118-00056041-00056480 Very well, do so. Fortunately, I am a world-class dictator.
fhXaBpydugc-00119-00056480-00056845 For the degree of security you have in mind, Ma’am, I’ll need to borrow your credential
fhXaBpydugc-00120-00056845-00057405 token. Thank you. One moment, please.
fhXaBpydugc-00121-00057405-00058008 <keyboard sounds> There. That's done it.
fhXaBpydugc-00122-00058008-00058358 You’ve been very helpful. That will be all. For your own safety, I am ordering you to
fhXaBpydugc-00123-00058358-00058769 obtain amnestic treatment as soon as possible, enough to forget this entire morning. Do you
fhXaBpydugc-00124-00058769-00058869 understand?
fhXaBpydugc-00125-00058869-00059014 I, uh, do.
fhXaBpydugc-00126-00059014-00059554 Good. You will likely be subjected to enhanced interrogation within a day or two. It will
fhXaBpydugc-00127-00059554-00059802 go easier for you if you have no memory of this.
fhXaBpydugc-00128-00059802-00060054 Ohhh. Oh boy.
fhXaBpydugc-00129-00060054-00060624 As a literal token of my gratitude for your loyalty, why don’t you hold on to those
fhXaBpydugc-00130-00060624-00061035 credentials? I won’t be needing them. If you act quickly, I suspect you can think of
fhXaBpydugc-00131-00061035-00061470 a way to put them to good use before they are revoked and you are detained.
fhXaBpydugc-00132-00061470-00061586 Y-yes, M-ma’am.
fhXaBpydugc-00133-00061586-00062123 Now go. I foresee that you have a fine career ahead of you. We will not speak again.
fhXaBpydugc-00134-00062123-00062418 Thank you, Ma’am. Goodbye.
fhXaBpydugc-00135-00062418-00062716 <door opening> <door closing>
fhXaBpydugc-00136-00062716-00063174 <extended sigh> My name is Miriam Prayther. I have been O5-7
fhXaBpydugc-00137-00063174-00063351 for seventy-seven years.
fhXaBpydugc-00138-00063351-00063802 I will remain so for perhaps seven minutes more, and that is not enough time to devise
fhXaBpydugc-00139-00063802-00064282 adequate Special Containment Procedures myself. I leave that to you.
fhXaBpydugc-00140-00064282-00064675 Over the course of my tenure, I have witnessed nineteen distinct anomalous methods to restore
fhXaBpydugc-00141-00064675-00065156 life. The devices and entities responsible take vastly different forms, but when you
fhXaBpydugc-00142-00065156-00065742 look past the science, the magic, the razzle-dazzle: there are fundamentally two broad, but simple
fhXaBpydugc-00143-00065742-00066407 categories: the first type is replication, whereby a clone, simulacrum, or other copy
fhXaBpydugc-00144-00066407-00066876 is made of the subject's mind and body as it existed at some point during life. The
fhXaBpydugc-00145-00066876-00067449 second sort is temporal. With this approach the space-time paths of the subject's constituent
fhXaBpydugc-00146-00067449-00067935 particles are reversed, and events literally undone, until the subject is restored to a
fhXaBpydugc-00147-00067935-00068189 functional state.
fhXaBpydugc-00148-00068189-00068768 These two categories have a crucial commonality: the restored individual has no memory or experience
fhXaBpydugc-00149-00068768-00069438 of death. To put it another way: despite 2.4 million years of hominid speculation, Foundation
fhXaBpydugc-00150-00069438-00070092 records contain no reliable first-hand testimony regarding what happens to us after we die.
fhXaBpydugc-00151-00070092-00070556 We have other sources of information, naturally. But in light of recent events, I believe that
fhXaBpydugc-00152-00070556-00071056 the SCPs we have interrogated on this topic over the years are guilty of either ignorance
fhXaBpydugc-00153-00071056-00071199 or deceit.
fhXaBpydugc-00154-00071199-00071554 For you see, we invented an exception.
fhXaBpydugc-00155-00071554-00072205 Six months ago, we resurrected Roger Sheldon, formerly O5-11, with a novel procedure. The
fhXaBpydugc-00156-00072205-00072776 theoretical groundwork had existed for some time, but for a litany of reasons: the complexity
fhXaBpydugc-00157-00072776-00073267 of the process, the technical skill required, the systemic risks, not to mention the enormous
fhXaBpydugc-00158-00073267-00073627 cost - only direst need justified the attempt.
fhXaBpydugc-00159-00073627-00074224 At seventy-three, Roger was the youngest Overseer when he died. He had two habits that were
fhXaBpydugc-00160-00074224-00074876 peculiar for an O5, only marginally tolerated by the rest of us at the time, and now forbidden.
fhXaBpydugc-00161-00074876-00075352 The first was an obstinate refusal to fortify (as we call it) – to enhance his longevity
fhXaBpydugc-00162-00075352-00075807 with the supplements available to those of our station. The second was a penchant for
fhXaBpydugc-00163-00075807-00076273 taking his holidays unannounced and in utter solitude. When a stroke ended him eighteen
fhXaBpydugc-00164-00076273-00076885 years ago, he was perched on a rocky promontory above marine iguana nesting grounds on Española
fhXaBpydugc-00165-00076885-00076985 Island.
fhXaBpydugc-00166-00076985-00077452 It took fourteen years to find his remains. We would not have gone on looking for so long,
fhXaBpydugc-00167-00077452-00078002 but for two reasons: he kept on his person a certain key – of which I shall not say
fhXaBpydugc-00168-00078002-00078476 more, except that it could not be allowed to stay lost; and that he held in his brain
fhXaBpydugc-00169-00078476-00078881 a secret word, without which we could not replace him.
fhXaBpydugc-00170-00078881-00079314 The alternating Galapagos rains and bright sun (and perhaps hawks) had reduced him to
fhXaBpydugc-00171-00079314-00079856 a moldering ruin of bone fragments and only the stubbornest sinew. The recovery crew used
fhXaBpydugc-00172-00079856-00080311 brooms and bags to collect as much of him as remained. The artifact was retrieved, to
fhXaBpydugc-00173-00080311-00080880 our relief, but we were still faced with the daunting task of extracting his shibboleth.
fhXaBpydugc-00174-00080880-00081330 With so little original material to work with, none of the time-tested methods of recovery
fhXaBpydugc-00175-00081330-00081438 were feasible.
fhXaBpydugc-00176-00081438-00081963 It distresses me to say so, but it is unlikely that any records of our methodology will survive
fhXaBpydugc-00177-00081963-00082582 the impending purge. Suffice to say that having gathered his diaspora, we set out to reconstruct
fhXaBpydugc-00178-00082582-00083145 a quantum approximation of him - physically, chemically, electrically - with sufficient
fhXaBpydugc-00179-00083145-00083595 accuracy that his heart would resume its beat, his synapses would fire, and his mouth would
fhXaBpydugc-00180-00083595-00083736 move, if briefly.
fhXaBpydugc-00181-00083736-00084306 As we required but one iota of information from him, we hoped, at best, that he would
fhXaBpydugc-00182-00084306-00084893 survive long enough to provide it, and then simply expire again. However, as is so often
fhXaBpydugc-00183-00084893-00085389 the case, we outdid ourselves. All the king's horses and all the king's men could indeed
fhXaBpydugc-00184-00085389-00085651 put him back together again.
fhXaBpydugc-00185-00085651-00086163 Roger was perfectly reanimated. He emerged from his - cocoon - looking a bit younger
fhXaBpydugc-00186-00086163-00086785 and healthier than my last memories of him. He sobbed uncontrollably for some time, unresponsive
fhXaBpydugc-00187-00086785-00087333 to any stimulus, yet after about half an hour he relaxed, his expression suddenly turned
fhXaBpydugc-00188-00087333-00088017 to utter serenity, and he spoke two unintelligible, but clearly joyous words. He was swiftly interrogated,
fhXaBpydugc-00189-00088017-00088587 but he responded to our questioning with candor, enthusiasm, and an unmistakable relief. We
fhXaBpydugc-00190-00088587-00089122 kept him under quarantine in a containment unit for thirty days. He offered no objection,
fhXaBpydugc-00191-00089122-00089702 and cooperated completely. He behaved as any of us might under the circumstances, and in
fhXaBpydugc-00192-00089702-00090230 the end, after some light debate, we unanimously restored him to office. We were the ones who'd
fhXaBpydugc-00193-00090230-00090726 remade him, after all, and wouldn't each of us expect the same? He rewarded our hubris
fhXaBpydugc-00194-00090726-00091230 by resuming his duties with an inspired vigor, consistently displaying deeper insight and
fhXaBpydugc-00195-00091230-00091407 wisdom than ever before.
fhXaBpydugc-00196-00091407-00092007 In particular, we welcomed some of the changes to his habits. As soon as the rest of us allowed
fhXaBpydugc-00197-00092007-00092529 it, he began regular fortification treatments for the first time. He appointed a sensible
fhXaBpydugc-00198-00092529-00093000 entourage of medical staff and bodyguards that were never far from his person. Previously,
fhXaBpydugc-00199-00093000-00093533 empathy for his fellow man had never been his strong suit, yet suddenly he displayed
fhXaBpydugc-00200-00093533-00094062 renewed interest in the safety of our containment protocols, the healthcare benefits of Foundation
fhXaBpydugc-00201-00094062-00094548 employees, and a profound distaste for the sacrifice of D-Class. Under the circumstances,
fhXaBpydugc-00202-00094548-00094887 none of this struck us as particularly alarming behavior.
fhXaBpydugc-00203-00094887-00095143 But it should have.
fhXaBpydugc-00204-00095143-00095692 He had concealed the crux of it from us all, you see. At first. Naturally, in our initial
fhXaBpydugc-00205-00095692-00096058 interrogation, we'd asked him if he'd had any experience or memory of the afterlife.
fhXaBpydugc-00206-00096058-00096648 He claimed to recall nothing - exactly as everyone always does - and defeated our polygraphs
fhXaBpydugc-00207-00096648-00096751 completely.
fhXaBpydugc-00208-00096751-00097247 <drinking sounds> He approached me first, about two months ago.
fhXaBpydugc-00209-00097247-00097710 He asked if, in his absence, we'd obtained any pieces - which I shouldn't have to point
fhXaBpydugc-00210-00097710-00098137 out is not our term of art - capable of sustaining life indefinitely.
fhXaBpydugc-00211-00098137-00098587 While breathtaking longevity is now within our power, it may surprise you to learn that
fhXaBpydugc-00212-00098587-00099231 immortality is not; and our best theoreticians have recently posited that it will never be
fhXaBpydugc-00213-00099231-00099852 attainable. The resurrections we can accomplish, even his, cannot be repeated more than once
fhXaBpydugc-00214-00099852-00100501 or twice. Sapient life is necessarily intertwined with quantum uncertainty. Localize a particle
fhXaBpydugc-00215-00100501-00100940 with perfect precision, and it attains infinitely uncertain momentum, lost in an instant. Just
fhXaBpydugc-00216-00100940-00101617 so, the longer, and the more tightly a consciousness is bound to a specific vessel, the more likely
fhXaBpydugc-00217-00101617-00102079 it will scatter irretrievably on its own. Regardless of science, magic, or razzle-dazzle:
fhXaBpydugc-00218-00102079-00102853 you, your children, and your great-great-grandchildren will one day most assuredly die and stay dead.
fhXaBpydugc-00219-00102853-00103327 His disappointment at this theorem was palpable, and I experienced a moment of discomfort at
fhXaBpydugc-00220-00103327-00103458 his reaction.
fhXaBpydugc-00221-00103458-00104111 Not a week later O5-2 received word of a severe breach of protocol. Roger, or rather O5-11,
fhXaBpydugc-00222-00104111-00104798 had initiated direct contact with an APE in containment. For you L-3s, APE skips are Apex-tier
fhXaBpydugc-00223-00104798-00105289 Pluripotent Entities. I imagine you can work out the euphemism.
fhXaBpydugc-00224-00105289-00105747 We kept our initial investigation off the books. He'd been clever in covering his tracks
fhXaBpydugc-00225-00105747-00106254 - there was no breach alarm, no record of the encounter in any log - but one of the
fhXaBpydugc-00226-00106254-00106724 skip's guards failed a random amnestic test (to his dismay), and that was trail enough
fhXaBpydugc-00227-00106724-00106975 on which to set our bloodhounds.
fhXaBpydugc-00228-00106975-00107383 We couldn't prove it, but we imagined he risked exposure to the skip to offer some kind of
fhXaBpydugc-00229-00107383-00107996 deal. This could not stand. As two of his oldest comrades, today O5-2 and I confronted
fhXaBpydugc-00230-00107996-00108461 him privately. But he caught us off guard, for he confessed everything, and begged us
fhXaBpydugc-00231-00108461-00109102 for help. I surreptitiously recorded his pleas as a precaution; it is easiest if I simply
fhXaBpydugc-00232-00109102-00109264 replay it for you now.
fhXaBpydugc-00233-00109264-00109677 <device clicks> "I dared not speak of this at first. You'd
fhXaBpydugc-00234-00109677-00110189 never have let me out of containment. The truth is, I was aware of all of it. I suppose
fhXaBpydugc-00235-00110189-00110667 there was a sweet oblivion, like deep sleep, at first; but in retrospect, I think it was
fhXaBpydugc-00236-00110667-00111369 no more than a day. Slowly, but unmistakably, I reoccupied my corpse with dreamlike consciousness:
fhXaBpydugc-00237-00111369-00111968 numb for the first merciful hours, blind, deaf, and immobile, but then I seemed to reconnect
fhXaBpydugc-00238-00111968-00112548 to every nerve, and became aware of every sensation - moreso than I ever was in life.
fhXaBpydugc-00239-00112548-00113018 I perceived myself trapped within an immovable object, and the intensity of the struggle
fhXaBpydugc-00240-00113018-00113603 amplified: subtle, then acute, then racking. I cannot describe it completely - but imagine
fhXaBpydugc-00241-00113603-00114161 holding your breath, beyond urge, beyond pain, beyond desperation - head throbbing and eyes
fhXaBpydugc-00242-00114161-00114527 bulging - a dream of suffocation without end.
fhXaBpydugc-00243-00114527-00115149 "My skin blistered and split in the sunlight; biting insects descended rapidly. I felt eggs
fhXaBpydugc-00244-00115149-00115783 hatch, larvae crawl, gases build and burst within me, individual cells rupturing, interstitial
fhXaBpydugc-00245-00115783-00116298 fluids souring and blackening. Somehow my capacity to experience and store these sensations
fhXaBpydugc-00246-00116298-00116970 grew - even as I was keenly aware of my cerebrum being scattered and devoured, my perception
fhXaBpydugc-00247-00116970-00117495 expanded, into the gizzards of birds and the depths of fire ant dens. I was aware of every
fhXaBpydugc-00248-00117495-00117941 fingernail and strand of hair that pulled away in the wind - and my sensation clung
fhXaBpydugc-00249-00117941-00118475 to them as they settled in the ocean and dissolved in the maws of a trillion diatoms.
fhXaBpydugc-00250-00118475-00118952 "I don't understand it. The more bits of me there were, the larger my capacity for the
fhXaBpydugc-00251-00118952-00119439 perception of pain. As I decayed into pieces smaller than living nerves could possibly
fhXaBpydugc-00252-00119439-00119967 distinguish, the character of the discomfort changed - from burning and aching and breaking
fhXaBpydugc-00253-00119967-00120408 I might relate to you in human terms - to something worse that I cannot fully articulate:
fhXaBpydugc-00254-00120408-00121055 a terrible, maddening stretching of every part of myself from every other part. Humans
fhXaBpydugc-00255-00121055-00121580 often numb to chronic pains in life, do they not? Yet every year, every month, every second
fhXaBpydugc-00256-00121580-00121961 that passed - I swear it only intensified over time.
fhXaBpydugc-00257-00121961-00122549 "In my previous life, I ruminated on Heaven and Hell, and the likelihood of my experiencing
fhXaBpydugc-00258-00122549-00123073 one, the other, or something in between. As terrible as I imagined the torpor of Heaven
fhXaBpydugc-00259-00123073-00123567 or the torments of Hell to be, this was entirely different from either. In Hell, at least,
fhXaBpydugc-00260-00123567-00124169 there would surely be a tormentor, some memory of my deeds, some sense of justice, even if
fhXaBpydugc-00261-00124169-00124783 my soul rejected its logic. I can imagine some comfort in Hell, for a mind such as mine.
fhXaBpydugc-00262-00124783-00125335 "I do not think this is a punishment. I do not think it is caused. I deeply suspect it
fhXaBpydugc-00263-00125335-00125895 is simply our condition, our nature to go on this way, do you see? In all that time,
fhXaBpydugc-00264-00125895-00126453 I was certainly, absolutely, totally alone, and before long all memory of life had shriveled
fhXaBpydugc-00265-00126453-00126992 to a cinder, lost beneath my interminable anguish. Alive again, I suspect I cannot quite
fhXaBpydugc-00266-00126992-00127485 recall the worst of it - as if my living brain is too small for the experience.
fhXaBpydugc-00267-00127485-00128035 "As Overseers, we witness, inflict, or endure great suffering. Yet what awaits us all is
fhXaBpydugc-00268-00128035-00128595 worse, the way an earache is worse than a bee sting, the way frostbite is worse than
fhXaBpydugc-00269-00128595-00129142 a burn. I was dead for eighteen years, and my misery eludes description. Dare we try
fhXaBpydugc-00270-00129142-00129480 to fathom the collective agony of legions of ancient dead?
fhXaBpydugc-00271-00129480-00130036 "Believe this: I will not return to that execrable existence. Not a hundred years from now, not
fhXaBpydugc-00272-00130036-00130666 ever. Yes, I approached Ahriman for help. I am sure he could extend us all, if he wished.
fhXaBpydugc-00273-00130666-00131742 I offered him great concessions from the Foundation, even, perhaps, release. But he laughed, and
fhXaBpydugc-00274-00131742-00132316 refused. Yet I - I can think of others willing to trade on a smaller scale, though the price
fhXaBpydugc-00275-00132316-00132939 may be nearly as - no. Nothing compares. Anything is better, so long as it is forever.
fhXaBpydugc-00276-00132939-00133404 "Do you believe me? Will you join me, and together, escape this fate? Please!"
fhXaBpydugc-00277-00133404-00133751 <device clicks> We were dumbfounded. And suddenly: sympathetic.
fhXaBpydugc-00278-00133751-00134416 And an instant later: fearful. I can't remember the last time I felt my heart race so.
fhXaBpydugc-00279-00134416-00134854 But we do not operate in a vacuum. A revelation of this magnitude must be brought before the
fhXaBpydugc-00280-00134854-00135374 Council for consideration. He was loath to admit his deception before the assembled Council,
fhXaBpydugc-00281-00135374-00135829 but he was clearly desperate for action as well. We prevailed upon him to call an immediate
fhXaBpydugc-00282-00135829-00136297 emergency session in teleconference. I knew anything less would constitute treachery.
fhXaBpydugc-00283-00136297-00136776 Still, as the three of us hurried to conference room Alpha, I suddenly found myself harboring
fhXaBpydugc-00284-00136776-00136889 subtle thoughts of -
fhXaBpydugc-00285-00136889-00137375 <throat clearing> And so he gave his testimony again - nearly
fhXaBpydugc-00286-00137375-00137830 as frank and purply prosaic as before. But the debate that unfolded in the wake of it?
fhXaBpydugc-00287-00137830-00138034 I have never witnessed anything like it.
fhXaBpydugc-00288-00138034-00138610 There were mostly skeptical voices at first: calm, concerned, and thoughtful. However,
fhXaBpydugc-00289-00138610-00139057 O5-8, whose face had grown increasingly pale as she listened to him, was suddenly a passionate
fhXaBpydugc-00290-00139057-00139182 advocate for action.
fhXaBpydugc-00291-00139182-00139827 "We must declare human death a Keter SCP," she demanded, "and contain it at any cost."
fhXaBpydugc-00292-00139827-00140357 That absurdity garnered an uproar, of course. But Roger had himself a sure ally now, and
fhXaBpydugc-00293-00140357-00140839 this spurred him on, shouting over the others to add even darker details of the intensity
fhXaBpydugc-00294-00140839-00141500 of his perennial excruciation. Imagery I cannot repeat. Sensations I must not contemplate.
fhXaBpydugc-00295-00141500-00141985 <brief coughing> I'm feeling… lightheaded.
fhXaBpydugc-00296-00141985-00142567 O5-2, always a moderate influence, suggested we recess and collect ourselves, but then
fhXaBpydugc-00297-00142567-00143036 -3 suddenly moved that we order the immediate systematic termination of dangerous skips,
fhXaBpydugc-00298-00143036-00143609 to better protect ourselves and others. O5-6 seconded, but before it could be put to a
fhXaBpydugc-00299-00143609-00144153 vote, -13 suddenly clutched his chest in paroxysmal panic and was being evaluated by his medical
fhXaBpydugc-00300-00144153-00144784 technician when his feed abruptly cut out. As the fracas came to a boil, it was -10,
fhXaBpydugc-00301-00144784-00145171 I think, who was next convinced. Oh! Is belief the key? I —
fhXaBpydugc-00302-00145171-00145271 I —
fhXaBpydugc-00303-00145271-00145371 It…
fhXaBpydugc-00304-00145371-00145471 … doesn't matter.
fhXaBpydugc-00305-00145471-00145701 <heavy breathing> At any rate -10 started pounding his shoe
fhXaBpydugc-00306-00145701-00146066 on the table and hollering that we must dig a channel from the Astrakhan spring to the
fhXaBpydugc-00307-00146066-00146453 Mediterranean Sea, to fortify all of mankind.
fhXaBpydugc-00308-00146453-00147021 That was enough. Suddenly, O5-1 muted us all, and stood, red faced and shaking.
fhXaBpydugc-00309-00147021-00147549 "Regardless of the truth of O5-11's experience," she said, "it is plain that we have lost all
fhXaBpydugc-00310-00147549-00148022 reason. There is only one possible explanation for this. Therefore I am declaring Emergency
fhXaBpydugc-00311-00148022-00148633 Protocol 17. Remain where you are; we shall all be administered class A amnestics. Except
fhXaBpydugc-00312-00148633-00149239 you, Roger. We made a grave error releasing you from containment, and it will be corrected."
fhXaBpydugc-00313-00149239-00149608 She pointed at her administrative assistant to act, but before he could lock down the
fhXaBpydugc-00314-00149608-00150092 conference room from which -2, -11 and I were dialed in, Roger had already bolted out the
fhXaBpydugc-00315-00150092-00150657 door. I was after him in an instant, and nearly crushed by the bulkhead as it slammed into
fhXaBpydugc-00316-00150657-00151129 place. I only wanted to stop him - I think - and now I was outside the safe room too
fhXaBpydugc-00317-00151129-00151380 - but he was already out of sight.
fhXaBpydugc-00318-00151380-00151848 Superlative Idiot! They couldn't see me, couldn't hear me, they couldn't know that I wanted
fhXaBpydugc-00319-00151848-00152271 back in, how badly I wanted to breathe the red gas that was surely already streaming
fhXaBpydugc-00320-00152271-00152778 into the room on the other side. One instant of poor judgment, and my fate is sealed. And
fhXaBpydugc-00321-00152778-00152992 now that I know what's in store -
fhXaBpydugc-00322-00152992-00153254 What was left to do? I ran to the Help Desk.
fhXaBpydugc-00323-00153254-00153775 <abrupt laughter> Help enough, eh? For this, my final act.
fhXaBpydugc-00324-00153775-00154224 I love the Foundation as I would have loved a daughter. I do this for the security and
fhXaBpydugc-00325-00154224-00154848 protection of mankind. And so I beg you: this — gnosis — must not be erased, forgotten.
fhXaBpydugc-00326-00154848-00155120 That is not containment. That is madness.
fhXaBpydugc-00327-00155120-00155362 Bring us back. Get us out.
fhXaBpydugc-00328-00155362-00155755 <sobbing> I'm so frightened. What's wrong with me? I
fhXaBpydugc-00329-00155755-00155855 —
fhXaBpydugc-00330-00155855-00156200 <door bursting open> <automatic gunfire from three distinct sources>
fhXaBpydugc-00331-00156200-00156300 Clear!
fhXaBpydugc-00332-00156300-00156400 Clear!
fhXaBpydugc-00333-00156400-00156669 Clear. God damn this job. Bag that Oscar quickly, Sergeant. We still have one to go.
fhXaBpydugc-00334-00156669-00156879 <site breach alarm sounds> What now? Specialist, talk to me.
fhXaBpydugc-00335-00156879-00157379 Sir! I'm getting a report of a Keter breach in the AR-II compound.
fhXaBpydugc-00336-00157379-00157910 Aw, Hell! Two rogue Oscars, and on top of it now the Old Man is on the loose? This is
fhXaBpydugc-00337-00157910-00158066 a shit sandwich, Sir!
fhXaBpydugc-00338-00158066-00158267 Contain that chatter, Sergeant.
fhXaBpydugc-00339-00158267-00158903 Stand by, Sir. Negative on one-zero-six escaping, Sir. I'm getting details - say again, please
fhXaBpydugc-00340-00158903-00159362 - it's the other way 'round. The other Oscar, he went — in, Sir. He went in.
fhXaBpydugc-00341-00159362-00159540 The Hell he did!
fhXaBpydugc-00342-00159540-00159954 They have visual confirmation, Sir. Procedures dictate we treat him —
fhXaBpydugc-00343-00159954-00160433 As KIA, Specialist, I know. Let's finish here, then.
fhXaBpydugc-00344-00160433-00160714 Sir? This Oscar had recording equipment here. It's still running.
fhXaBpydugc-00345-00160714-00161176 For the love of — shut it down, Sergeant! SHUT IT DOWN NOW! Specialist, get an audio
fhXaBpydugc-00346-00161176-00161300 hazard team down here on the doub—
fhXaBpydugc-00347-00161300-00161350 [END RECORDING]
fijvE5csi5E-00000-00000050-00000446 Sin is something that most people would rather not think about.
fijvE5csi5E-00001-00000446-00000984 For the person who is unsaved, it is what separates them from the Almighty, due to His
fijvE5csi5E-00002-00000984-00001117 perfect holiness.
fijvE5csi5E-00003-00001117-00001576 And yet for Christians, our sins have been atoned for.
fijvE5csi5E-00004-00001576-00002366 So that when God looks at us, He no longer sees our sin but instead righteousness.
fijvE5csi5E-00005-00002366-00002939 And this was made possible by what Jesus Christ did on the cross of Calvary some two thousand
fijvE5csi5E-00006-00002939-00003113 years ago.
fijvE5csi5E-00007-00003113-00003809 The bible says in 2 Corinthians 5:21, "For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for
fijvE5csi5E-00008-00003809-00004399 us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him."
fijvE5csi5E-00009-00004399-00004936 So the righteousness of God was bestowed upon us by God through Jesus Christ our Lord.
fijvE5csi5E-00010-00004936-00005664 All the sins of man which estranged or alienated us from Him were put on Jesus, and in exchange
fijvE5csi5E-00011-00005664-00006092 His perfect righteousness became ours.
fijvE5csi5E-00012-00006092-00006742 So He took our punishment and we took His peace, and instead of condemnation, we receive
fijvE5csi5E-00013-00006742-00006906 grace.
fijvE5csi5E-00014-00006906-00007473 And this indeed is the miracle of the Christian faith for all who believe.
fijvE5csi5E-00015-00007473-00008097 So then, if our sins have already been atoned for, what does it matter if we continue to
fijvE5csi5E-00016-00008097-00008204 sin?
fijvE5csi5E-00017-00008204-00008810 Would it change anything since we've already been cleansed from our sins?
fijvE5csi5E-00018-00008810-00009475 To answer this question properly, we need to understand the concept of sin, how it affects
fijvE5csi5E-00019-00009475-00009850 us, and why it separated us from God in the first place.
fijvE5csi5E-00020-00009850-00010583 The idea of sin intrinsically (that's, at the core of it), is rebellion or disobedience
fijvE5csi5E-00021-00010583-00011071 or going contrary to the Divine order in the word of God.
fijvE5csi5E-00022-00011071-00011622 And the Divine order is basically God's sovereignty, His wisdom (which includes His instructions
fijvE5csi5E-00023-00011622-00012103 for living), and the order of creation as we know it.
fijvE5csi5E-00024-00012103-00012809 This is the reason why sin is sometimes referred to as wickedness in the Scriptures.
fijvE5csi5E-00025-00012809-00013429 So that sin at the very core of it is rebellion or wickedness against God.
fijvE5csi5E-00026-00013429-00014125 And all sin is first and foremost wickedness against God before anyone or anything else.
fijvE5csi5E-00027-00014125-00014903 So that a sin against a neighbor is first a sin against God because He is the creator
fijvE5csi5E-00028-00014903-00015062 of all things.
fijvE5csi5E-00029-00015062-00015465 This is the reason why sin separated us from God.
fijvE5csi5E-00030-00015465-00016109 And this separation is what the bible calls death or eternal damnation, since God is the
fijvE5csi5E-00031-00016109-00016387 only source of life.
fijvE5csi5E-00032-00016387-00016958 So that a choice to go against the Divine order under normal circumstances is to willingly
fijvE5csi5E-00033-00016958-00017448 choose death and separation from God, who is the Source of life.
fijvE5csi5E-00034-00017448-00018098 We need to also understand that death is a spirit and has an eternal place designated
fijvE5csi5E-00035-00018098-00018198 for it.
fijvE5csi5E-00036-00018198-00018765 And sin is the bait or trap that catches men for death.
fijvE5csi5E-00037-00018765-00019450 So that to love sin is to choose to willingly submit yourself under it power, which means
fijvE5csi5E-00038-00019450-00020181 that you voluntarily make yourself available for death to have access to you.
fijvE5csi5E-00039-00020181-00020794 This is why the bible says in Romans 6:23 that the wages of sin is death.
fijvE5csi5E-00040-00020794-00021605 What I am saying in essence is that when we sin, we become slaves to it, and therefore
fijvE5csi5E-00041-00021605-00022127 become the properties of sin and by extension the devil.
fijvE5csi5E-00042-00022127-00022692 Now in order to free ourselves from the bondage of sin, we will have to die to it.
fijvE5csi5E-00043-00022692-00023326 Or find some other life more pure than the sinner's own and have it sacrificed to atone
fijvE5csi5E-00044-00023326-00023548 for that sin.
fijvE5csi5E-00045-00023548-00023904 This is the only way to freedom from sin.
fijvE5csi5E-00046-00023904-00024247 Without dying to sin, there could be no freedom from it.
fijvE5csi5E-00047-00024247-00025143 That's why we see in Hebrews 9:22, "And according to the law almost all things are purified
fijvE5csi5E-00048-00025143-00025838 with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no remission."
fijvE5csi5E-00049-00025838-00026497 The shedding of the blood is what atones for the sin because life is in the blood.
fijvE5csi5E-00050-00026497-00027024 And the shedding of the blood of another is merely a substitution for what ordinarily
fijvE5csi5E-00051-00027024-00027558 should be one's own penalty to pay or suffer for their sins.
fijvE5csi5E-00052-00027558-00028008 Now this brings into focus what Jesus has done for us.
fijvE5csi5E-00053-00028008-00028644 The bible makes us understand that eternal death reigned in life because all sinned against
fijvE5csi5E-00054-00028644-00028887 God when Adam fell.
fijvE5csi5E-00055-00028887-00029637 So we needed to have a life without sin to atone for our sins, and until Jesus came,
fijvE5csi5E-00056-00029637-00030386 the blood of lambs and bulls ranked higher in purity than that of human beings.
fijvE5csi5E-00057-00030386-00030920 Because again, all had sinned and therefore come short of the glory of God.
fijvE5csi5E-00058-00030920-00031138 Romans 3:23.
fijvE5csi5E-00059-00031138-00031887 But the blood of animals could not atone for human errors and sins, and so it was necessary
fijvE5csi5E-00060-00031887-00032450 that another pure human blood should be made available to atone for the sins of man.
fijvE5csi5E-00061-00032450-00033165 But there was none, so God had to bring His Son in the likeness of man to save man from
fijvE5csi5E-00062-00033165-00033703 his sin, without which man would have perished in his sin.
fijvE5csi5E-00063-00033703-00034227 So legally, when Christ died, we all died with Him.
fijvE5csi5E-00064-00034227-00034744 And all our sins died with us when we died in Christ.
fijvE5csi5E-00065-00034744-00035553 And as we were raised, we were raised to a new life without the burden of sin anymore
fijvE5csi5E-00066-00035553-00036002 for sin had perished in death.
fijvE5csi5E-00067-00036002-00036528 And this is what the concept of baptism signifies.
fijvE5csi5E-00068-00036528-00037236 This new life is the life of Jesus Himself, which is the eternal righteous life.
fijvE5csi5E-00069-00037236-00037958 Now the death of Christ on the cross of Calvary was the atonement needed to free us from sin.
fijvE5csi5E-00070-00037958-00038730 He did not die to enable us to continue to sin but rather to free us from the bondage
fijvE5csi5E-00071-00038730-00038830 of it.
fijvE5csi5E-00072-00038830-00039637 If the death of Jesus Christ meant we could continue in sin, then He didn't need to come
fijvE5csi5E-00073-00039637-00039788 and die.
fijvE5csi5E-00074-00039788-00040344 Then His coming was useless if it meant we could go right back into entangling ourselves
fijvE5csi5E-00075-00040344-00040697 in sin and become slaves again to it.
fijvE5csi5E-00076-00040697-00041166 This kind of mindset is actually a dangerous one.
fijvE5csi5E-00077-00041166-00042069 The bible says in Romans chapter number 6 verse 6 and 7, "Knowing this, that our old
fijvE5csi5E-00078-00042069-00042925 man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should
fijvE5csi5E-00079-00042925-00043244 no longer be slaves of sin.
fijvE5csi5E-00080-00043244-00043913 For he who has died has been freed from sin."
fijvE5csi5E-00081-00043913-00044593 To desire to continue in sin on the one hand shows a misunderstanding of His abundant grace,
fijvE5csi5E-00082-00044593-00045381 and on the other hand, it shows a contempt for Jesus' sacrifice, unfortunately.
fijvE5csi5E-00083-00045381-00046013 The seriousness of this is communicated by the Master Himself when He says in Matthew
fijvE5csi5E-00084-00046013-00046716 chapter number 7 verse 6, "Do not give what is holy to the dogs; nor cast your pearls
fijvE5csi5E-00085-00046716-00047386 before swine, lest they trample them under feet, and turn and tear you in pieces."
fijvE5csi5E-00086-00047386-00047949 The dogs and the swine signify those who treat with contempt things that are holy.
fijvE5csi5E-00087-00047949-00048627 A dog will go back to its vomit, and a swine will go back to wallowing in the filth after
fijvE5csi5E-00088-00048627-00048772 it has been washed.
fijvE5csi5E-00089-00048772-00049350 These are symbolic of those who will go back to their former sinful life after they have
fijvE5csi5E-00090-00049350-00049711 been cleansed from it willingly.
fijvE5csi5E-00091-00049711-00050164 The bible says such people will not inherit the kingdom of God.
fijvE5csi5E-00092-00050164-00051141 In Revelation 22:14-15 the bible says, "Blessed are those who do His commandments, that they
fijvE5csi5E-00093-00051141-00051801 may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter through the gates into the city.
fijvE5csi5E-00094-00051801-00052701 But outside are dogs and sorcerers and sexually immoral and murderers and idolaters, and whoever
fijvE5csi5E-00095-00052701-00052885 loves and practices a lie."
fijvE5csi5E-00096-00052885-00053729 So the bible is quite clear on the dangers of continuing to engage in sin after you have
fijvE5csi5E-00097-00053729-00054008 been cleansed from it.
fijvE5csi5E-00098-00054008-00054726 That is why the Apostle Paul asks in Romans 6:1, "What shall we say then?
fijvE5csi5E-00099-00054726-00055314 Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound?"
fijvE5csi5E-00100-00055314-00055933 Then he answers it himself in verse 2 by saying, "Certainly not!
fijvE5csi5E-00101-00055933-00056310 How shall we who died to sin live any longer in it?"
fijvE5csi5E-00102-00056310-00057149 The grace of God is provided for our growth and not for our indulgence.
fijvE5csi5E-00103-00057149-00057779 In this Christian journey as you grow, you will make mistakes.
fijvE5csi5E-00104-00057779-00058241 Genuine mistakes, not willful ones.
fijvE5csi5E-00105-00058241-00058557 And the grace is there to help correct those mistakes.
fijvE5csi5E-00106-00058557-00059348 So in essence, it is provided for us to grow in the Lord and mature, not to disrespect
fijvE5csi5E-00107-00059348-00059722 His act of love by treating His blood with contempt.
fijvE5csi5E-00108-00059722-00060232 May we never take for granted what the Lord has done for us.
fijvE5csi5E-00109-00060232-00060519 Sin is a killer.
fijvE5csi5E-00110-00060519-00060827 And it will eventually lead to sorrow and pain.
fijvE5csi5E-00111-00060827-00061410 We cannot put ourselves up as wiser than God and live.
fijvE5csi5E-00112-00061410-00062014 So let us pursue and strive to live a holy life, for the bible says without it, no one
fijvE5csi5E-00113-00062014-00062455 will see the Lord in Hebrews 12:14.
fijvE5csi5E-00114-00062455-00062633 God bless you.
fijvE5csi5E-00115-00062633-00063539 May the Lord Jesus Christ help us with understanding concerning how sin grieves the Holy Spirit
fijvE5csi5E-00116-00063539-00063722 of God.
fijvE5csi5E-00117-00063722-00064192 And how it contaminates and enslaves us in the realms of the spirit.
fijvE5csi5E-00118-00064192-00065024 May He continue to convict us when we go wrong, and warn us against the temptations and trickery
fijvE5csi5E-00119-00065024-00065583 of satan, which only lead to death when yielded to.
fijvE5csi5E-00120-00065583-00066335 May He strengthen us by His Holy Spirit to be resistant to sin and thereby become truly
fijvE5csi5E-00121-00066335-00066923 free from the damage sin causes in the lives of those who engage in it.
fijvE5csi5E-00122-00066923-00067158 In Jesus' Mighty name.
fijvE5csi5E-00123-00067158-00067244 Amen.
fit0gF-V55A-00000-00000238-00000340 Hello!
fit0gF-V55A-00001-00000618-00000726 Look!
fit0gF-V55A-00002-00001514-00001614 Look!
fit0gF-V55A-00003-00001822-00001954 I'm Sally!
fit0gF-V55A-00004-00002110-00002238 And I'm Possum!
fit0gF-V55A-00005-00002334-00002450 Hello!
fit0gF-V55A-00006-00004260-00004395 Hello everyone.
fit0gF-V55A-00007-00004417-00004664 Oh look, Possum is painting.
fit0gF-V55A-00008-00004760-00005037 Look at all the bright colours.
fit0gF-V55A-00009-00005374-00005585 I wonder what that is.
fit0gF-V55A-00010-00006088-00006249 There's another one.
fit0gF-V55A-00011-00006620-00006808 What’s going on?
fit0gF-V55A-00012-00006898-00006979 Oh!
fit0gF-V55A-00013-00007092-00007468 Stop! Why are you touching it?
fit0gF-V55A-00014-00007505-00007908 Oh, it, it looks nice and shiny and I just wanted to touch it.
fit0gF-V55A-00015-00007931-00008216 But that's the problem, you're smudging it,
fit0gF-V55A-00016-00008294-00008520 the paint's not dry yet,
fit0gF-V55A-00017-00008534-00008710 it's still wet.
fit0gF-V55A-00018-00008760-00009041 Oh, I get it, it's still wet.
fit0gF-V55A-00019-00009041-00009340 Yes, you have to wait for the paint to dry.
fit0gF-V55A-00020-00009768-00010094 You can't be in such a hurry, you must be patient.
fit0gF-V55A-00021-00010150-00010479 But I don't like waiting, I like to do things now.
fit0gF-V55A-00022-00010481-00010893 I know you do, so … why don't we go and water the garden then.
fit0gF-V55A-00023-00010953-00011115 Yeah, good idea, let's go!
fit0gF-V55A-00024-00011467-00011771 Oh no, look at my garden.
fit0gF-V55A-00025-00011779-00012028 Look at the plants, they're wilted.
fit0gF-V55A-00026-00012250-00012689 Oh, so before they were healthy and  strong and stood like this,
fit0gF-V55A-00027-00012704-00013063 and now they're wilted … and look like these.
fit0gF-V55A-00028-00013156-00013478 That's a very good way of explaining it, Possum.
fit0gF-V55A-00029-00013507-00013891 Plants, when they're all watered,  are big and strong and healthy.
fit0gF-V55A-00030-00013908-00014216 Without water, they're all limp and wilted.
fit0gF-V55A-00031-00014265-00014532 Water is so important.
fit0gF-V55A-00032-00014540-00014824 I'd forgotten to water them yesterday.
fit0gF-V55A-00033-00014931-00015256 Can you go and check the soil  to see if it's wet or dry?
fit0gF-V55A-00034-00015269-00015441 Have a look, Possum.
fit0gF-V55A-00035-00016190-00016475 Sally, the soil is very dry.
fit0gF-V55A-00036-00016580-00016820 Can you please water them for me, Possum?
fit0gF-V55A-00037-00016820-00016939 Okay!
fit0gF-V55A-00038-00018244-00018419 Thank you, Possum.
fit0gF-V55A-00039-00018448-00018672 Now they're not dry anymore.
fit0gF-V55A-00040-00018707-00019190 It's a bit wet and the plants will use  the water to help them stand up tall!
fit0gF-V55A-00041-00019200-00019446 Because water is so important…
fit0gF-V55A-00042-00019627-00019900 just like out on the farms.
fit0gF-V55A-00043-00020017-00020420 If there's been no rain and it's very dry,
fit0gF-V55A-00044-00020420-00020712 the farmers have a hard time.
fit0gF-V55A-00045-00021395-00021763 Why don't we watch some children visiting a farm
fit0gF-V55A-00046-00021763-00022220 and see how they learn how important water is.
fit0gF-V55A-00047-00022384-00022491 Shall we watch?
fit0gF-V55A-00048-00022497-00022600 Yeah, let's watch!
fit0gF-V55A-00049-00027420-00027698 You must always be careful
fit0gF-V55A-00050-00031350-00031677 It's got big black eyes
fit0gF-V55A-00051-00032170-00032333 Wow!
fit0gF-V55A-00052-00032491-00032731 Farms look like so much fun.
fit0gF-V55A-00053-00032733-00032874 Oh yes,
fit0gF-V55A-00054-00032880-00033292 but farmers work very hard growing all these crops
fit0gF-V55A-00055-00033294-00033509 to give us food to eat.
fit0gF-V55A-00056-00033756-00034236 Hey Sally, I was thinking before  when I was painting it was wet ...
fit0gF-V55A-00057-00034275-00034483 But now it's dry!
fit0gF-V55A-00058-00034548-00035091 and the garden was dry and  I watered it and now it's wet.
fit0gF-V55A-00059-00035100-00035315 You're right, Possum!
fit0gF-V55A-00060-00035328-00035656 But now my mouth, it's dry.
fit0gF-V55A-00061-00035677-00035818 Dry mouth, Possum?
fit0gF-V55A-00062-00035825-00036018 Well, how do we fix that?
fit0gF-V55A-00063-00036222-00036457 Hmm … I know, water!
fit0gF-V55A-00064-00036457-00036657 That's right, water.
fit0gF-V55A-00065-00036666-00036921 Why don't you go get a drink of water
fit0gF-V55A-00066-00036921-00037248 and I'm going to go into the house and wash my hair;
fit0gF-V55A-00067-00037248-00037448 I'll meet you in the kitchen later.
fit0gF-V55A-00068-00037454-00037617 Okay, see you later.
fit0gF-V55A-00069-00041056-00041348 At last my hair is dry.
fit0gF-V55A-00070-00041369-00041587 Oh, here's Possum.
fit0gF-V55A-00071-00041825-00042011 Have you had a drink of water yet?
fit0gF-V55A-00072-00042018-00042323 Oh, I forgot!
fit0gF-V55A-00073-00042331-00042585 I was so busy watering the garden,
fit0gF-V55A-00074-00042763-00043011 that I forgot to get a drink of water.
fit0gF-V55A-00075-00043059-00043270 Sally, are you all dry now?
fit0gF-V55A-00076-00043270-00043636 Yes, I was all wet but now I'm dry.
fit0gF-V55A-00077-00043649-00043976 My hair was wet but it's dry too.
fit0gF-V55A-00078-00044112-00044419 Water is very important drink,
fit0gF-V55A-00079-00044425-00044833 but I do have an idea…   We can make a lemon drink!
fit0gF-V55A-00080-00044842-00045176 Oh Sally, do we need a lemon?
fit0gF-V55A-00081-00045195-00045392 Yes, we do need a lemon.
fit0gF-V55A-00082-00045405-00045766 If you get the recipe, that will explain how to make a lemon drink.
fit0gF-V55A-00083-00045770-00046035 Where? Oh, there it is!
fit0gF-V55A-00084-00046617-00046963 Now we need to cut our lemon.
fit0gF-V55A-00085-00047268-00047428 See? It's wet.
fit0gF-V55A-00086-00047429-00047786 It is wet! That's the juice.
fit0gF-V55A-00087-00048076-00048620 That's right Possum, that's what lemon juice  is, try and squeeze it, see what happens.
fit0gF-V55A-00088-00048862-00049099 Look at all the juice coming out.
fit0gF-V55A-00089-00049332-00049539 That's a good job, Possum.
fit0gF-V55A-00090-00049541-00049754 Now try and use the juicer.
fit0gF-V55A-00091-00051310-00051534 Sally can I taste it now?
fit0gF-V55A-00092-00051561-00051995 You can taste it now if you want to,  but it will be very sour.
fit0gF-V55A-00093-00052089-00052214 Nah!
fit0gF-V55A-00094-00052745-00053390 Ugh, yuck!
fit0gF-V55A-00095-00053510-00053727 Yes, it's very strong tasting.
fit0gF-V55A-00096-00053729-00054142 We need to mix it with water and something sweet to make it taste lovely.
fit0gF-V55A-00097-00054827-00055212 Now we need to add something sweet, like honey.
fit0gF-V55A-00098-00055800-00056358 It's thick so we need to mix it with a  little bit of hot water to help it dissolve.
fit0gF-V55A-00099-00056950-00057244 Good. Now I'll pour the hot water.
fit0gF-V55A-00100-00057696-00057859 Can you stir it up?
fit0gF-V55A-00101-00057876-00058126 See, there! It’s dissolving.
fit0gF-V55A-00102-00058340-00058472 It's dissolving!
fit0gF-V55A-00103-00058649-00058798 That’s great!
fit0gF-V55A-00104-00058832-00059024 Now, we put in there.
fit0gF-V55A-00105-00059560-00059904 Now, we just need to add some cold water.
fit0gF-V55A-00106-00060882-00060980 Oh!
fit0gF-V55A-00107-00061042-00061184 That looks great!
fit0gF-V55A-00108-00061195-00061403 That is our lemon drink.
fit0gF-V55A-00109-00061435-00061588 Would you like to try some?
fit0gF-V55A-00110-00061590-00061724 Yes please!
fit0gF-V55A-00111-00063036-00063550 Mmm… This is delicious!
fit0gF-V55A-00112-00063564-00063886 Sally! My mouth isn't dry anymore!
fit0gF-V55A-00113-00063886-00064113 It feels much better now.
fit0gF-V55A-00114-00064141-00064457 I think I'm ready to go outside and keep painting.
fit0gF-V55A-00115-00064467-00064600 Bye Sally!
fit0gF-V55A-00116-00064857-00065004 Painting?
fit0gF-V55A-00117-00065057-00065251 What's he painting, I wonder?
fit0gF-V55A-00118-00065344-00065736 I hope if he does do some painting  that he waits and lets it dry
fit0gF-V55A-00119-00065764-00065979 and doesn’t smudge it again.
fit0gF-V55A-00120-00070056-00070248 Such a beautiful day,
fit0gF-V55A-00121-00070299-00070462 I'd like to sit
fit0gF-V55A-00122-00070512-00070686 and just enjoy it.
fit0gF-V55A-00123-00071227-00071384 Sally, Sally, Sally, Sally!
fit0gF-V55A-00124-00071384-00071734 Oh, it's wet;
fit0gF-V55A-00125-00071947-00072288 you need to wait until it's dry!
fit0gF-V55A-00126-00072319-00072504 Oh no!
fit0gF-V55A-00127-00072678-00072937 It doesn't matter. It doesn’t matter.
fit0gF-V55A-00128-00072952-00073171 I'll be able to wash it off.
fit0gF-V55A-00129-00073358-00073576 I made you a sign.
fit0gF-V55A-00130-00073643-00073742 For me?
fit0gF-V55A-00131-00073918-00074102 Sally, what does it say?
fit0gF-V55A-00132-00074192-00074452 "Wet paint"
fit0gF-V55A-00133-00074542-00074913 ...and you can use that sign  for when you're painting.
fit0gF-V55A-00134-00074918-00075332 You can put it up so people will  know to wait until it’s dry.
fit0gF-V55A-00135-00075336-00075452 Oh, okay!
fit0gF-V55A-00136-00075932-00076414 Hey Sally, why don't you and I stay  here and watch the paint dry?
fit0gF-V55A-00137-00076439-00076832 No, Possum, you can watch the paint dry!
fit0gF-V55A-00138-00076838-00077249 I need to go inside and wash  my pants and get this paint off.
fit0gF-V55A-00139-00077260-00077427 Well, our time is up.
fit0gF-V55A-00140-00077435-00077561 Thanks for watching!
fit0gF-V55A-00141-00077561-00077836 See you next time! Bye!  Bye!
fkTLFxmh3JE-00000-00000078-00000942 [Music Plays]
fkTLFxmh3JE-00001-00001053-00001284 I'm Jordo from jordoschopshop.com,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00002-00001334-00001777 we're a online business selling meat all over Canberra and Queanbeyan.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00003-00001779-00002213 We started as a retail shop and I had the vision
fkTLFxmh3JE-00004-00002221-00002421 to turn it into an online shop eventually.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00005-00002463-00002798 I knew what I wanted to do. I knew that  there was a market for it
fkTLFxmh3JE-00006-00002801-00003184 and no-one was doing it, and I  knew all the butcher shops
fkTLFxmh3JE-00007-00003184-00003398 were being run by old boys and I'm pretty young.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00008-00003401-00003754 We built a basic website, I did that myself
fkTLFxmh3JE-00009-00003781-00004110 and just used all the photos from the menu that we made
fkTLFxmh3JE-00010-00004205-00004582 to turn that into a basic website to display our products
fkTLFxmh3JE-00011-00004585-00004895 so that people could just have a look  and see what we're selling
fkTLFxmh3JE-00012-00004952-00005287 and come into the shop. From there
fkTLFxmh3JE-00013-00005315-00005691 we bought a cart and then developed that into
fkTLFxmh3JE-00014-00005694-00005979 a proper online butcher shop where you can order
fkTLFxmh3JE-00015-00005981-00006327 any meat you want, cut any way you like,  in any qauntity
fkTLFxmh3JE-00016-00006330-00006576 rather than just packs, which a couple  of other butcher shops
fkTLFxmh3JE-00017-00006578-00006789 around the place already do
fkTLFxmh3JE-00018-00006888-00007231 but I wanted to develop a full butcher shop online
fkTLFxmh3JE-00019-00007233-00007607 rather than just an add for the butcher shop
fkTLFxmh3JE-00020-00007609-00007809 I wanted the butcher shop to be online.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00021-00007847-00008130 The customer goes through the online store,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00022-00008135-00008455 they add all the products to their cart, and
fkTLFxmh3JE-00023-00008467-00008752 they can put notes in as to how  they want everything.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00024-00008759-00009196 We try to take in as much information from  the customer as possible
fkTLFxmh3JE-00025-00009199-00009437 so that they are happy with what they get.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00026-00009439-00009639 We don’t keep it closed off and
fkTLFxmh3JE-00027-00009664-00009927 [say] “this is how we do it and that’s the only way”.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00028-00009929-00010188 We try to do it exactly how the customer wants it.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00029-00010190-00010385 We encourage them to give us as much
fkTLFxmh3JE-00030-00010388-00010588 info as they want about their order.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00031-00010705-00010892 Then, once they go through the checkout
fkTLFxmh3JE-00032-00010986-00011221 all the information is stored for each customer
fkTLFxmh3JE-00033-00011224-00011424 so all of their previous orders are there,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00034-00011426-00011798 all their info is there so we have set it up so  that it’s as quick as possible
fkTLFxmh3JE-00035-00011800-00012000 for the customer to get through checkout
fkTLFxmh3JE-00036-00012191-00012431 they can drop in an order within a couple of minutes
fkTLFxmh3JE-00037-00012433-00012633 after they have done the initial setup.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00038-00012696-00012997 Once that happens, once the order goes through,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00039-00012998-00013286 an email sent to us with the full order.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00040-00013452-00013652 The customer gets the exact same copy.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00041-00013655-00014108 Then, once it’s cut and packed, we send it off in the van.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00042-00014124-00014373 Well the local customers
fkTLFxmh3JE-00043-00014376-00014656 seeing how we have had the shop going  for a few years now online,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00044-00014658-00015005 more and more local customers have been  switching over to the online store
fkTLFxmh3JE-00045-00015008-00015568 because in any retail shop you can only fit  about 100 products in the front
fkTLFxmh3JE-00046-00015639-00016022 at the most whereas the online shop  has got like 750 products.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00047-00016125-00016325 They have got much more variety online
fkTLFxmh3JE-00048-00016417-00016617 and the whole idea of setting up the online store
fkTLFxmh3JE-00049-00016670-00017009 was to utilise everything that we know  because as a butcher
fkTLFxmh3JE-00050-00017025-00017311 you learn so many things and you can only display
fkTLFxmh3JE-00051-00017329-00017580 so many of them at a time in the shop
fkTLFxmh3JE-00052-00017791-00017991 this lets us do everything that we can do every day
fkTLFxmh3JE-00053-00018045-00018501 and give the customer a massive variety  of meats to choose from.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00054-00018608-00018950 Our preparation time and our waste is minimised,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00055-00019023-00019364 our overheads are minimised we don’t have a  heap of fridge motors running
fkTLFxmh3JE-00056-00019380-00019515 out the front all the time.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00057-00019568-00019741 We’re not marking down products,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00058-00019744-00019915 we’re not putting products into cabinets
fkTLFxmh3JE-00059-00019921-00020160 hoping that they are going to sell and they don’t
fkTLFxmh3JE-00060-00020196-00020497 and that kind of stuff.What goes out  of this shop has been sold
fkTLFxmh3JE-00061-00020646-00020912 and there is no waste there.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00062-00021098-00021452 Our margins are better and our prices can go down.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00063-00021479-00021811 As far as promoting those, we use  Facebook and Twitter
fkTLFxmh3JE-00064-00021943-00022164 and we use Google AdWords and then we also use
fkTLFxmh3JE-00065-00022195-00022586 The RiotACT in Canberra, which is a local online forum,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00066-00022602-00022808 which pretty much everyone goes to and has a look at.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00067-00022978-00023566 So with that we can advertise specials live,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00068-00023595-00023879 we can move products at the drop of a hat
fkTLFxmh3JE-00069-00023894-00024065 where most people would have to put a
fkTLFxmh3JE-00070-00024067-00024323 little sign out the front of their shop and try to push it.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00071-00024342-00024574 I can say righto we have too many beef ribs,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00072-00024765-00025058 I can do a tweet and Facebook, they are linked together,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00073-00025184-00025422 and all my customers see that straight away, they jump on,
fkTLFxmh3JE-00074-00025440-00025708 they order it and its gone within 10 minutes, [that] kind of thing.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00075-00025845-00026342 I’ve got massive control over my stock and  freshness and all that kind of stuff.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00076-00026439-00026561 There is never any waste now.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00077-00026611-00026995 I haven’t really made too many mistakes  with the online store, I don’t think
fkTLFxmh3JE-00078-00027087-00027214 or I don’t know about them yet.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00079-00027415-00027738 It’s been in full swing for probably four  years out of the six years
fkTLFxmh3JE-00080-00027972-00028239 but we’ve thought out every single  thing that we have done
fkTLFxmh3JE-00081-00028269-00028448 really carefully before we have done anything
fkTLFxmh3JE-00082-00028450-00028663 because whenever you do anything to the online store
fkTLFxmh3JE-00083-00028669-00029097 it means weeks of programming and weeks of reformatting
fkTLFxmh3JE-00084-00029114-00029367 the whole site and how all the products  look and stuff like that
fkTLFxmh3JE-00085-00029371-00029721 So we make sure that it’s going to do what we want it to do
fkTLFxmh3JE-00086-00029724-00029895 and it’s going to work before we do it.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00087-00029969-00030319 We can’t really afford to make many mistakes  because we are still not a huge company
fkTLFxmh3JE-00088-00030329-00030473 with a lot of money so
fkTLFxmh3JE-00089-00030512-00030739 we have to make sure it works first time, every time.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00090-00030785-00031008 The industry is always changing and
fkTLFxmh3JE-00091-00031011-00031420 we’re at the forefront of the online stuff  because there is no-one else doing it.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00092-00031422-00031698 There are a few other butcher shops in Australia that have
fkTLFxmh3JE-00093-00031740-00032063 a couple of meat packs or whatever but  this is a proper online shop.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00094-00032176-00032587 Everything in any quantity, cut any way you like
fkTLFxmh3JE-00095-00032705-00033025 so we don’t really have anyone to tell us what to do
fkTLFxmh3JE-00096-00033073-00033304 or what the rules are because we are sort of making them.
fkTLFxmh3JE-00097-00033375-00033935 [Music Plays]
fmCOtHVxZQI-00000-00000016-00000664 i don't care who you are it will change you it will heal you it will prosper you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00001-00000736-00001592 it cares about transforming you into itself
fmCOtHVxZQI-00002-00001920-00002656 the holy ghost is god in the earth today and you walk with him by saying words my name is Andrew
fmCOtHVxZQI-00003-00002656-00003160 Hemstrought thank you for joining us if this is your first time here make sure you subscribe
fmCOtHVxZQI-00004-00003224-00003544 and if this isn't your first time here and these messages are blessing you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00005-00003600-00004384 then consider becoming a partner with us deuteronomy chapter 28 and it shall come to pass
fmCOtHVxZQI-00006-00004448-00005144 if thou shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of the lord thy god say the voice
fmCOtHVxZQI-00007-00005280-00006136 to observe in to do right you're gonna see it and you're gonna do it the lord thy god will
fmCOtHVxZQI-00008-00006240-00007295 the lord my god will do something will set you on high above all that's pretty good right yes it is
fmCOtHVxZQI-00009-00007392-00008728 verse 2 and all these blessings shall come on thee and overtake thee if thou shalt hearken
fmCOtHVxZQI-00010-00008808-00009856 unto the voice of the lord thy god well hearken means to hear and to hear
fmCOtHVxZQI-00011-00009936-00010664 something has to be spoken yes so here we're talking about the spoken word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00012-00010760-00011384 if you don't have the spoken word none of that can come to pass
fmCOtHVxZQI-00013-00011472-00011936 well he goes on to say and i'm not going to read it all because there's a lot there and he says
fmCOtHVxZQI-00014-00011936-00012632 you'll be blessed in the city blessed in the field blessed blessed blessed blessed blessed blessed
fmCOtHVxZQI-00015-00012632-00013696 blessed how from the spoken word so he said the lord thy god would bless thee the lord
fmCOtHVxZQI-00016-00013832-00014544 what should this automatically do to you when you hear the words the lord in this day
fmCOtHVxZQI-00017-00014544-00015640 and in this dispensation now the lord is that spirit holy ghost so the lord thy god shall
fmCOtHVxZQI-00018-00015752-00016544 do these things for you right second corinthians chapter 3 and verse 17
fmCOtHVxZQI-00019-00016632-00017536 now the lord is that spirit and where the spirit of the lord is or where the spirit is lord
fmCOtHVxZQI-00020-00017640-00018440 there is liberty there is freedom there is all of those blessings that we just read he will do
fmCOtHVxZQI-00021-00018440-00019640 that that he will do who is that spirit the holy ghost is that spirit he is the spirit lord now
fmCOtHVxZQI-00022-00019736-00020664 now now either he the holy ghost is god and he's in the earth or he's not and you know i preach on
fmCOtHVxZQI-00023-00020664-00021184 this all the time proving from the scriptures over and over the holy ghost is god in the earth today
fmCOtHVxZQI-00024-00021328-00021776 and then how we walk with him is by speaking in agreement with his word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00025-00021904-00022280 you can go about it some other way but you won't have the results
fmCOtHVxZQI-00026-00022488-00022976 well i'm telling you he doesn't play well with other gods
fmCOtHVxZQI-00027-00023336-00023752 he doesn't work well with other gods and his things don't work well with other gods
fmCOtHVxZQI-00028-00023752-00024248 and if we're talking about serving him by speaking in agreement with his words
fmCOtHVxZQI-00029-00024248-00024832 it's when you're not speaking in agreement with his words that you're not serving him
fmCOtHVxZQI-00030-00024912-00025552 and you're playing around with other gods these other gods would include the god you've made
fmCOtHVxZQI-00031-00025552-00026280 out of your old religious traditional thinking that doesn't treat him as god in the earth today
fmCOtHVxZQI-00032-00026536-00027624 him as lord makes you something what did he say he said he will make you the lord shall make you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00033-00027736-00028424 say make me the lord shall make you the head and not the tail right
fmCOtHVxZQI-00034-00028480-00029224 above only and not beneath the lord shall make you who the lord the lord holy ghost
fmCOtHVxZQI-00035-00029327-00030168 shall make you the head and not the tail can you expect that yes if you serve him as lord and
fmCOtHVxZQI-00036-00030168-00030720 speak in agreement with his words and don't go after other gods by speaking their words
fmCOtHVxZQI-00037-00030856-00031792 him as lord makes you something you are changed into something you weren't before
fmCOtHVxZQI-00038-00031872-00032408 you weren't the head before now you're made the head and not the tail
fmCOtHVxZQI-00039-00032408-00032984 some people aren't ready or willing for that matter to be changed this much
fmCOtHVxZQI-00040-00033192-00033608 first of all i've been talking about the holy ghost being god in the earth today and following
fmCOtHVxZQI-00041-00033608-00034240 him they're not willing to be changed that much he wants to change you into the head not the tail
fmCOtHVxZQI-00042-00034400-00035464 it's completely life transforming you will be healed you will be made whole
fmCOtHVxZQI-00043-00035464-00036584 you will be prospered you will be made rich who does this the lord does this this is what he does
fmCOtHVxZQI-00044-00036704-00037696 when we're in agreement with him and we're serving him you will enter into a new economic status
fmCOtHVxZQI-00045-00037896-00039008 with the lord because the lord will make you something if i do the hearing and the saying right
fmCOtHVxZQI-00046-00039008-00039752 remember we read that if i do the hearing and the saying that i am made the head and not the tail
fmCOtHVxZQI-00047-00039848-00040552 and that head can be in any realm of existence you will be made the head in ministry
fmCOtHVxZQI-00048-00040616-00041016 you will be made the head in business i hope you can hear these things
fmCOtHVxZQI-00049-00041112-00041656 it doesn't matter what realm it is the lord will make you the head he will do
fmCOtHVxZQI-00050-00041656-00042392 it in fact in deuteronomy 28 verse 10 it says they shall see it and be afraid of you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00051-00042600-00043544 what are they going to see you were made something the lord will make you he didn't
fmCOtHVxZQI-00052-00043544-00044072 say he's going to change the situation because you just in a different situation would end up
fmCOtHVxZQI-00053-00044072-00044696 the same place you were before he's going to change you into the head a lot of people
fmCOtHVxZQI-00054-00044696-00045544 are not willing to be changed that much you were changed you became something different
fmCOtHVxZQI-00055-00045784-00046616 well tonight we're going to be talking about how to become a word person classically in the word of
fmCOtHVxZQI-00056-00046616-00047304 faith circles a word person is somebody that takes the word of god and uses that as final authority
fmCOtHVxZQI-00057-00047400-00047864 and we've heard the phrase god said it i believe it that settles it have you heard
fmCOtHVxZQI-00058-00047864-00048512 that before that's the basic gist of what a word person is they they get it out of the word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00059-00048512-00049024 and that's the final authority not what you think not what you feel not what it looks like
fmCOtHVxZQI-00060-00049168-00049872 right yes but i'm going to take it a step farther you're going to become a person that has become
fmCOtHVxZQI-00061-00049872-00050480 a word of god rather than just being a word person that yes we say that you know because you can
fmCOtHVxZQI-00062-00050480-00051080 say that stuff about the word and not have it do anything to you yes i believe the bible from cover
fmCOtHVxZQI-00063-00051080-00052416 to cover so what have you become a word person say a word person meaning a person who's become a word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00064-00052504-00053424 that's you he will make you that word you've become a word person are you here
fmCOtHVxZQI-00065-00053616-00054760 there is power and ability in every word of god to bring itself to pass no matter what the person is
fmCOtHVxZQI-00066-00054760-00055384 what's it going to bring to pass it's going to make that person that word in those
fmCOtHVxZQI-00067-00055384-00056200 words spoken because the power may be latent in those words written on the page but until they're
fmCOtHVxZQI-00068-00056200-00057279 spoken that's why we started there there's power in those spoken words to take you there say me
fmCOtHVxZQI-00069-00057400-00058416 there and there is to be that person that those words have said you there is a word person
fmCOtHVxZQI-00070-00058591-00059264 not i'm a word person i believe the word no you are that word now you've become that word listen
fmCOtHVxZQI-00071-00059264-00059824 you've become that word that word has become you you were made that
fmCOtHVxZQI-00072-00060048-00060824 is that different you have become that word spoken you see that's where we're going right you become
fmCOtHVxZQI-00073-00060824-00061712 that word spoken you're speaking the word and you are made that word you are if the word is by
fmCOtHVxZQI-00074-00061712-00062567 jesus stripes i was healed i literally become that word spoken i become by jesus stripes i was healed
fmCOtHVxZQI-00075-00062655-00063400 sure the manifestation of that is healing in my life but i became it i was made that word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00076-00063528-00064208 that's being a word person we become the word spoken in john
fmCOtHVxZQI-00077-00064208-00065144 chapter 1 verse 14 the word was made the word was made flesh and dwelt among us
fmCOtHVxZQI-00078-00065360-00066136 he's our example isn't he he was the word made say made flash and dwelt among
fmCOtHVxZQI-00079-00066136-00066864 us it's the same thing that happens to us when we become a word person we are made into the flesh
fmCOtHVxZQI-00080-00066864-00067824 or into whatever realm that word is and then it dwells among us you are made something the word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00081-00067880-00068832 makes you something that you weren't before you're transformed from not being a word person to
fmCOtHVxZQI-00082-00068832-00069744 being a word person in whatever area that word was spoken well i'm speaking his words this evening
fmCOtHVxZQI-00083-00069848-00070776 and his words transform you they take you from one place to a different place you go from here
fmCOtHVxZQI-00084-00070864-00071752 to there by the vehicle of words taking you there it's the way god does everything he sends his word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00085-00071832-00072224 and heals them and delivers them what did he send
fmCOtHVxZQI-00086-00072224-00072768 his word and his word transported you from not being healed to being healed his word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00087-00072768-00073576 transported you from not being delivered to being delivered you became healed you became delivered
fmCOtHVxZQI-00088-00073808-00073952 you became a word person
fmCOtHVxZQI-00089-00074136-00074984 from sickness to a healed person from poverty to a rich person a rich person yes are there scriptures
fmCOtHVxZQI-00090-00074984-00075880 that talk about being made rich yes the blessing of the lord makes rich adds no sorrow with it
fmCOtHVxZQI-00091-00076032-00076856 his spoken words take you there well i'm called to take you there if you can hear it
fmCOtHVxZQI-00092-00076984-00077944 into healing and perfect health into prosperity and abundant wealth into having your youth renewed
fmCOtHVxZQI-00093-00078032-00079120 and then beyond the transformation will continue say the transformation will continue beyond well
fmCOtHVxZQI-00094-00079120-00079968 the anointing that is on me breaks the yoke of traditional thinking breaks the yoke of religious
fmCOtHVxZQI-00095-00079968-00080712 bondage that has bound you for years these words i'm saying are not known in many circles
fmCOtHVxZQI-00096-00080800-00081208 even in circles that would say they're a word person they're not thinking of it like this
fmCOtHVxZQI-00097-00081272-00082056 they don't become the word you become the word by saying the word you are made that word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00098-00082200-00082616 why do you think sickness can't get on you because you and you're so special no it's because you've
fmCOtHVxZQI-00099-00082616-00083408 become that word spoken and the power in that word has transformed you into itself how many
fmCOtHVxZQI-00100-00083408-00083872 times have i said this where do you think this leads us if i'm transformed by the blessing of
fmCOtHVxZQI-00101-00083872-00084624 the lord making me rich adding no sorrow with it what do i actually become i made proverbs 10 22.
fmCOtHVxZQI-00102-00084728-00085248 the blessing of the lord makes me rich adds no sorrow with it amen that's a word person
fmCOtHVxZQI-00103-00085392-00085640 this will work for everyone who will commit
fmCOtHVxZQI-00104-00085712-00086360 to working it you have to commit to working it by saying it say i have to commit
fmCOtHVxZQI-00105-00086448-00087136 to working it by saying it what's going to happen if you continue to say a verse of scripture
fmCOtHVxZQI-00106-00087136-00087816 well number one will come visit you it'll get on you and then it will change you it will make you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00107-00087816-00088752 into itself you become that word well this will work for everyone who will commit to working it
fmCOtHVxZQI-00108-00089048-00090032 but you won't do it you'll revert to begging asking god instead of saying it i've shown
fmCOtHVxZQI-00109-00090032-00090608 you several times already that that's the way we do it we walk with god by saying
fmCOtHVxZQI-00110-00090608-00091544 his word until it transforms us into it what part of that was begging what part of that was crying
fmCOtHVxZQI-00111-00091768-00092512 you stopped saying it when you started begging you stopped saying it were you doing his word when you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00112-00092512-00093504 started begging no is begging and crying a big part of religious traditional thinking oh yeah
fmCOtHVxZQI-00113-00093616-00094152 we've all been there how'd that work out for you it didn't it didn't do anything
fmCOtHVxZQI-00114-00094320-00095016 i'm telling you this works a thousand times better because it works i'm reading scriptures
fmCOtHVxZQI-00115-00095288-00096008 and i warn you not to say that this doesn't work if you're saying that what i've said
fmCOtHVxZQI-00116-00096008-00096832 tonight doesn't work you are literally speaking in opposition to the holy ghost how's that gonna work
fmCOtHVxZQI-00117-00096832-00097600 out for you you're speaking against the holy ghost now one word of god say one word of god one word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00118-00097664-00098432 can totally transform and change your entire life if that word is in manifestation if you've
fmCOtHVxZQI-00119-00098432-00099080 become that word can you understand that yes how are you going to get that word into your life
fmCOtHVxZQI-00120-00099176-00099768 it's going to have to be in your mouth and you're going to say it and say it and say it until you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00121-00099832-00100592 are made that word say until i am made that word what if you're not that word yet
fmCOtHVxZQI-00122-00100760-00101096 whine no keep saying it right
fmCOtHVxZQI-00123-00101384-00102040 years ago i'll tell you this story i was fresh out of uh bible school and uh
fmCOtHVxZQI-00124-00102144-00102568 you know i was preaching here and there but you know i needed to do something so i started this
fmCOtHVxZQI-00125-00102568-00103176 little trucking business with a friend we uh we would rent these trucks and then we would move
fmCOtHVxZQI-00126-00103176-00103656 people we put advertisements in the paper and we you know we go and we look at their house and we
fmCOtHVxZQI-00127-00103656-00104272 we we'd give them an estimate and we'd move them and a lot of my trips would be from new york to
fmCOtHVxZQI-00128-00104272-00104792 florida and that's a long ride i don't know if you knew that or not and then i'd get somebody
fmCOtHVxZQI-00129-00104792-00105383 down there you know that i wanted to come back up to new york and we'd so if i if i worked it out i
fmCOtHVxZQI-00130-00105383-00105944 get i'd get people both ways so i'd only have to rent a truck once and i'd get paid for both ways
fmCOtHVxZQI-00131-00105944-00106672 anyway anyway if you need a quick business idea there you go so i was doing that well at this
fmCOtHVxZQI-00132-00106672-00107440 time i had committed that if i was driving i would be speaking in tongues and that's a long that's
fmCOtHVxZQI-00133-00107440-00108120 24 hours at least right in the truck so if i was driving my mouth was moving and i was speaking in
fmCOtHVxZQI-00134-00108120-00108680 other tongues speaking in tongues and speaking in tongues can you drive and speak in tongues i love
fmCOtHVxZQI-00135-00108680-00109208 to drive and speak in tongues so i'm speaking in tongues speaking in tongues drive all the way down
fmCOtHVxZQI-00136-00109208-00109608 do the thing i gotta do and i drive all the way back what am i doing all the way back
fmCOtHVxZQI-00137-00109704-00110272 speaking in tongues and as i'm pulling down into the place where i have to return the rental truck
fmCOtHVxZQI-00138-00110392-00110800 the word of the lord came to me never heard the word of the lord like this before
fmCOtHVxZQI-00139-00110800-00111448 he said these words i remember clearly to this very day he said there is nothing impossible
fmCOtHVxZQI-00140-00111511-00112320 to the man who hears from god and with that came the understanding that the power is in that word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00141-00112320-00112952 that came to you to bring itself to pass that's why there's nothing impossible to the man that
fmCOtHVxZQI-00142-00112952-00114040 hears from god yes so the power and ability and faith is in the word itself to produce itself
fmCOtHVxZQI-00143-00114152-00114832 it's not even your how you get your faith faith comes by hearing the word if you have faith it's
fmCOtHVxZQI-00144-00114832-00115559 because it came from the word right so the power and faith and ability is in that word of god to
fmCOtHVxZQI-00145-00115559-00116592 bring itself to pass in the person who will say it and hear it one word of god can change your life
fmCOtHVxZQI-00146-00116680-00117408 by the power that's in the word itself i'm changed into that
fmCOtHVxZQI-00147-00117568-00118296 and when i'm changed into that i am that word person your total
fmCOtHVxZQI-00148-00118368-00119208 success is in this this message tonight if you can hear it your total success is in it
fmCOtHVxZQI-00149-00119208-00120032 and god doesn't just leave it up to chance he wrote it out so that you know exactly what to say
fmCOtHVxZQI-00150-00120240-00120808 go to joshua chapter 1. you know anything about joshua he was the one
fmCOtHVxZQI-00151-00120808-00121296 chosen to take over for moses where are those some pretty big shoes to fill yes
fmCOtHVxZQI-00152-00121448-00122104 do you suppose he did a considerable amount of whining and begging and crying for help
fmCOtHVxZQI-00153-00122256-00122592 how am i gonna do this how am i gonna how am i gonna lead this people
fmCOtHVxZQI-00154-00122783-00123583 joshua chapter one verse eight and so god answers him this book of the law or the word at the time
fmCOtHVxZQI-00155-00123680-00124304 shall not depart out of your mouth if it didn't depart out of your mouth where is it
fmCOtHVxZQI-00156-00124383-00124824 it's in your mouth he goes on to clarify that
fmCOtHVxZQI-00157-00124824-00125528 thou shalt meditate there in day and night the word meditate literally means to mutter
fmCOtHVxZQI-00158-00125759-00126328 god am i gonna do it i'm gonna do it i'm gonna get healed how am i gonna get prospered how am
fmCOtHVxZQI-00159-00126328-00127056 i gonna do it how am i gonna do it thou shalt not let the word depart out of your mouth keep
fmCOtHVxZQI-00160-00127056-00127976 it in your mouth and mutter it say moderate your moderate day and night when is that
fmCOtHVxZQI-00161-00128144-00128976 that's in the daytime and then also in the night time that seems like too much i know
fmCOtHVxZQI-00162-00128976-00129583 because you're a baby you don't like to hear what the word is telling you to do you would rather
fmCOtHVxZQI-00163-00129583-00130111 whine and complain about it you have to decide that you're going to go here
fmCOtHVxZQI-00164-00130200-00130616 hope you can hear that well once you've made the decision that you're going to go here now you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00165-00130616-00131256 know what to do don't you i'm going to mutter that word day and night look what he says will happen
fmCOtHVxZQI-00166-00131408-00131960 meditate there in day and night that thou mayest observe to do or see how to do it
fmCOtHVxZQI-00167-00132016-00132944 according to all that's written therein for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous and then thou
fmCOtHVxZQI-00168-00132944-00133816 shalt have good success yes you didn't see how to do it before you had to be changed by that word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00169-00133816-00134744 into a person who was prosperous and successful you mutter it until you see how you moderate
fmCOtHVxZQI-00170-00134744-00135608 until you're changed into the word you've been speaking for that word has power and ability
fmCOtHVxZQI-00171-00135672-00136520 in itself to bring itself to pass in you i don't care who you are it will change you it will heal
fmCOtHVxZQI-00172-00136520-00137248 you it will prosper you because it doesn't care about you it cares about transforming you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00173-00137248-00138008 into itself yes say this the word doesn't care about me the word doesn't care about me
fmCOtHVxZQI-00174-00138008-00139152 it cares about transforming me into itself itself you become a word person this is making sense now
fmCOtHVxZQI-00175-00139152-00139656 yes i become that word how do i become that word by speaking it
fmCOtHVxZQI-00176-00139656-00140248 here he told joshua to speak it day and night and then he'd be prosperous and successful
fmCOtHVxZQI-00177-00140384-00140864 literally the only time the word success is written in the bible right there they want
fmCOtHVxZQI-00178-00140864-00141336 to be successful well then you got to do that well anyone do that then you won't be successful
fmCOtHVxZQI-00179-00141568-00142576 and thou shalt be you were changed into it you were changed into the word spoken
fmCOtHVxZQI-00180-00142880-00143816 i'm changed into it i become a word person what if i only do with one word i'm still a word person
fmCOtHVxZQI-00181-00143920-00144088 right you got to start somewhere
fmCOtHVxZQI-00182-00144272-00144880 so what's the word you do the choosing you choose the word right here all the promises are yes and
fmCOtHVxZQI-00183-00144880-00145360 amen he's already said yes you have to say amen to it but you need to become a word you need to
fmCOtHVxZQI-00184-00145360-00146064 become that word and you become the word by saying it we're up to this place right don't you choose
fmCOtHVxZQI-00185-00146272-00146760 well frankly you can choose any of them but you may choose proverbs 10 22 says the blessing of
fmCOtHVxZQI-00186-00146760-00147568 the lord makes you rich who's the lord the holy ghost he makes me rich and adds no sorrow with
fmCOtHVxZQI-00187-00147568-00148152 it would that be a good word to choose would that be a good word to be transformed into to become
fmCOtHVxZQI-00188-00148312-00149200 that word person i think so no i said it three times it didn't happen well no kidding is that day
fmCOtHVxZQI-00189-00149200-00149984 and night you don't say it until it doesn't happen you say it until it does happen until it changes
fmCOtHVxZQI-00190-00150048-00150664 you i think this is where we miss it so many times we say it until we think our circumstances changed
fmCOtHVxZQI-00191-00150784-00151368 can you see that now that that's not really the point the point is for the word to change you
fmCOtHVxZQI-00192-00151368-00152160 into it you will be made it you are made the head not the tail he didn't say i'll i'll put you to
fmCOtHVxZQI-00193-00152160-00153120 the head he said you'll be made it first timothy chapter 6 and verse 17 charge them that are rich
fmCOtHVxZQI-00194-00153120-00153672 in this world that they be not high minded nor trust nor trust in uncertain riches but
fmCOtHVxZQI-00195-00153736-00154864 in the living god who's the living god holy ghost trust in the living god who gives us richly all
fmCOtHVxZQI-00196-00154864-00155584 things to enjoy would that be a good verse of scripture to be changed into
fmCOtHVxZQI-00197-00155680-00156272 well i'm changed into that living god gives me richly all things to enjoy
fmCOtHVxZQI-00198-00156400-00157080 i went from not being someone who living god gave me richly all things to enjoy to being
fmCOtHVxZQI-00199-00157080-00157896 someone living god gives me richly all things to enjoy are you seeing this yes what happened well
fmCOtHVxZQI-00200-00157896-00158264 your circumstance had nothing to do with my circumstances it had everything to do with
fmCOtHVxZQI-00201-00158264-00159408 me being changed into that verse of scripture i am now that i am that say i am that i am that
fmCOtHVxZQI-00202-00159544-00160248 who also said that remember god when he said uh so who are you he said i am that i am
fmCOtHVxZQI-00203-00160424-00161432 he's that he is i am that i am he's changing you into it yes are you getting this well i
fmCOtHVxZQI-00204-00161432-00162288 am changed into first timothy 6 17 in fact it's just half of verse 17. you see that right it's
fmCOtHVxZQI-00205-00162288-00162800 the half of it i can be changed a half a verse of scripture will radically transform your life
fmCOtHVxZQI-00206-00162944-00163280 you say yeah one verse of scripture well there's a half a verse of scripture
fmCOtHVxZQI-00207-00163376-00164224 if you become that you became something yes i am a living god gives me richly all things to enjoy
fmCOtHVxZQI-00208-00164224-00165272 and transformed into that if you remember luke chapter 4 verse 8 jesus said thou shalt worship
fmCOtHVxZQI-00209-00165336-00166208 the lord thy god and him only shalt thou serve well we know who the lord our god is today right
fmCOtHVxZQI-00210-00166208-00167048 holy ghost and we serve him by saying words can you see how you're serving him now by saying words
fmCOtHVxZQI-00211-00167280-00167624 well when i worship him you're supposed to worship the lord your god
fmCOtHVxZQI-00212-00167624-00168368 and him only serve say i worship the lord my god and him only serve what if i do
fmCOtHVxZQI-00213-00168448-00168976 that to birth of scripture what would that look like well let's just say we're going to
fmCOtHVxZQI-00214-00168976-00169584 serve him with first timothy 6 17 living god gives me richly all things to enjoy
fmCOtHVxZQI-00215-00169728-00170408 i said it once is that it no i'm gonna say it i'm gonna say it until i become it until it becomes me
fmCOtHVxZQI-00216-00170568-00171224 right and i'm gonna worship the lord my god i worship you holy ghost i worship you holy
fmCOtHVxZQI-00217-00171224-00171968 ghost i worship you holy ghost living god gives me richly all things to enjoy living god gives
fmCOtHVxZQI-00218-00171968-00172720 me richly all things to enjoy living god gives me richly all things to enjoy i worship you holy
fmCOtHVxZQI-00219-00172720-00173312 ghost i worship you holy ghost living god gives me richly all things to enjoy what's happening
fmCOtHVxZQI-00220-00173472-00174040 i'm being chained are you changing him he's not changing you're being changed into one who
fmCOtHVxZQI-00221-00174040-00174728 worships the living god holy ghost god in the earth today and you're being changed into one
fmCOtHVxZQI-00222-00174728-00175256 who the living god gives richly all things to enjoy are you here
fmCOtHVxZQI-00223-00175552-00176552 well i am that deal with it i am that i'm one who worships the lord my god and him only serves and
fmCOtHVxZQI-00224-00176552-00177352 he the living god gives me richly all things to enjoy say i am that you see that's your job
fmCOtHVxZQI-00225-00177472-00177864 you're supposed to worship god why do you have to tell people this
fmCOtHVxZQI-00226-00177864-00178424 you're supposed to worship this is your job is to worship him and speak in agreement with his word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00227-00178424-00178848 and when you're speaking when you're worshiping him and speaking in agreement with his word
fmCOtHVxZQI-00228-00178848-00179920 you become that that thing that thing spoken i become that and my people become that
fmCOtHVxZQI-00229-00180064-00180568 that's where we are and this is how it works for me this is how it works for you let me
fmCOtHVxZQI-00230-00180568-00181120 pray for you holy ghost i thank you that these people heard this message today i say their life
fmCOtHVxZQI-00231-00181120-00181896 has been changed rearranged and things have come up for them they will now continue with you the
fmCOtHVxZQI-00232-00181896-00182512 holy ghost as god the earth today speaking in agreement with your word and you will no longer be
fmCOtHVxZQI-00233-00182512-00183320 upset or dissatisfied with your people because of them whining and complaining but we are
fmCOtHVxZQI-00234-00183320-00183832 speakers of the word we're being transformed into the word that you've already spoken
fmCOtHVxZQI-00235-00183888-00184632 and we shall arise in this last day of great people on the earth even a people that others
fmCOtHVxZQI-00236-00184632-00185360 may fear and we thank you holy ghost for it being made the head and not the tail above only and not
fmCOtHVxZQI-00237-00185360-00186248 beneath in this day in jesus name amen amen if you have a tithe or an offering hold it in your hand
fmCOtHVxZQI-00238-00186320-00186984 say this after me holy ghost i worship you you are the living god you give me
fmCOtHVxZQI-00239-00187080-00188176 richly all things to enjoy i am now being transformed into that the head and not the tail
fmCOtHVxZQI-00240-00188232-00188976 above only and not beneath and i give you all the glory and praise in jesus name
fmCOtHVxZQI-00241-00189048-00190584 amen the father isn't have fun jesus at his right hand holy ghost your god in the earth today
fmCOtHVxZQI-00242-00191352-00191360 you
goZPdkz55Vu-00000-00000064-00000576 hello and welcome to Cashewbert. Question how do you turn almond milk into
goZPdkz55Vu-00001-00000640-00001368 almond cheese? The answer is with a special enzyme this is Vzyme or Transglutaminase
goZPdkz55Vu-00002-00001368-00001896 and even though you probably never heard about it, it's a very common enzyme in the food industry.
goZPdkz55Vu-00003-00002023-00002768 they use it to process meat, some types of dairy like yogurt and cream cheese and also tofu, some
goZPdkz55Vu-00004-00002768-00003447 types of tofu. so this is a very common ingredient but you never see it listed on the ingredients
goZPdkz55Vu-00005-00003568-00004200 because this is a helper and by the time you purchase the product, the enzyme is not active
goZPdkz55Vu-00006-00004200-00004824 anymore and you can't really tell if they use this enzyme or not. That's why you've never seen it but
goZPdkz55Vu-00007-00004824-00005704 it's used in a lot of products, so at Cashewbert we use it to make our cheese variations. What's
goZPdkz55Vu-00008-00005704-00006216 the difference between using it, or using coconut oil or xantham gum for example,
goZPdkz55Vu-00009-00006216-00006856 to create a textured cheese? Well, fermentation needs a lot of water and with this, you have a
goZPdkz55Vu-00010-00006856-00007504 lot of moisture in the structure, but if you use agar or if you use coconut oil it makes it
goZPdkz55Vu-00011-00007504-00008168 difficult to ferment. So, the texture won't change as much and the flavour won't change as it needs
goZPdkz55Vu-00012-00008168-00008800 to be. That's why this cheese allows much more flavour and texture development than if you use
goZPdkz55Vu-00013-00008880-00009512 something else. This is the liquid version, most of the brands will be powder
goZPdkz55Vu-00014-00009584-00010144 and if you use powder, you just need to add a little bit of water to dissolve it and then
goZPdkz55Vu-00015-00010144-00010704 add to the cheese. About the same amount or a little bit more because some of the powder
goZPdkz55Vu-00016-00010704-00011256 are a bit weaker. This is a bit more concentrated than some of the powder ones. Another thing
goZPdkz55Vu-00017-00011256-00012064 to watch out when you are purchasing it is that some will contain gelatine or milk powder because
goZPdkz55Vu-00018-00012064-00012824 applications that use it have better texture with those ingredients. Mine is of course all vegan,
goZPdkz55Vu-00019-00012824-00013528 it's only transgutaminase and some liquid sugars. But if you don't have access to our products, then
goZPdkz55Vu-00020-00013528-00014224 you might need to watch out where are you getting from and what ingredients are listed. Another
goZPdkz55Vu-00021-00014224-00015063 thing that you need to watch out for is for the conditions for this enzyme to work. Ours need a ph
goZPdkz55Vu-00022-00015152-00016216 below 6.5 to work, so cashew milk would work. Just make it and it will work right away. But if you
goZPdkz55Vu-00023-00016216-00016920 make almond milk or soy milk, you need to drop the pH first and that's why it's important to ferment,
goZPdkz55Vu-00024-00016920-00017608 so the pH will be right and then you can get the milk to curdle. If you want this recipe
goZPdkz55Vu-00025-00017608-00018424 and many other recipes, visit our website books.cashewbert.com. And if you want ingredients,
goZPdkz55Vu-00026-00018424-00019160 we ship to most european countries and you can get it on cashewbert.com. Don't forget
goZPdkz55Vu-00027-00019160-00019784 to subscribe if you want to watch more content like this, and see you next time at Cashewbert.
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00006-00001870-00002070 one, two, three!
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00007-00002110-00002442 Hello~ this is Sophia here
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00008-00002563-00002969 Today I braided my hair
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00009-00003082-00003860 and I'll show you Bohemian makeup-look that goes along with this hair
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00010-00003860-00004038 There will be some freckles
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00011-00004038-00004350 and orange-toned blush
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00012-00004398-00004676 Yeah those kind of makeup look
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00013-00004676-00004820 Shall we start?
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00014-00004820-00005246 First, I'll use KAJA's Blur drop
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00015-00005290-00005536 to hide pores
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00016-00006326-00006902 Next is Moonlighter cushion from CLE cosmetics
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00017-00006906-00007130 It's a cushion-type highlighter
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00018-00007130-00007542 Since it's dewy, I'll use it before the foundation
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00019-00007545-00007841 in that way we can avoid looking too much
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00020-00007841-00008035 so let me apply it first
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00021-00009036-00009358 Next let's move on to foundation
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00022-00009368-00009678 Today I'm using Pony effect- cover stay foundation
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00023-00009708-00010258 in here I'm mixing KAJA's Don't settle shade 6 Boba tea
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00024-00010290-00010498 and make it full coverage
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00025-00011206-00011406 Applied side
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00026-00011406-00011574 the other side
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00027-00011970-00012288 I'm using cream-type blush for this look
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00028-00012316-00012568 so before setting my face with powder
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00029-00012568-00012736 I'll use blush first
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00030-00012736-00013191 I'm using shade 01 YLR from Naming Playful Creme Blush
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00031-00013191-00013563 mixed with shade BGW 01 of the same line
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00032-00013760-00014210 Apply from the center of your face to give that sun-kissed look
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00033-00014627-00015085 After finishing your base make up
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00034-00015085-00015478 Fix it with powder and move on to contour
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00035-00015478-00015771 I'm using Prep+Set+Go of MILANI
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00036-00015841-00016118 The atmosphere is so bad these days
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00037-00016174-00016729 I don't like my skin to look too dewy
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00038-00016796-00017482 Also, we are making fake freckles today and in order them to stick on face
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00039-00017528-00018022 it is better to powder my face first
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00040-00018022-00018408 it'll stay longer as well
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00041-00018772-00019000 Move on to contour
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00042-00019000-00019506 I'm using cookie brown shade mono cube eyeshadow from THE FACE SHOP
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00043-00019658-00020180 Contouring my nose
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00044-00020244-00020418 For the outer side of the face
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00045-00020418-00020854 I'm mixing macadamia toast from ETUDE HOUSE
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00046-00020862-00021104 and cookie brown color
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00047-00021126-00021452 Use a fat brush to apply it overall
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00048-00021452-00021740 and use a smaller brush for details
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00049-00021749-00022073 I'm using Brow Blowout from KAJA
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00050-00022082-00022382 Use shade 02 soft brown to fill out the front of the brows
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00051-00022382-00022782 and use shade 03 medium brown to fill the rest
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00052-00022810-00023084 Using brow brush
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00053-00024047-00024344 after filling out brows
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00054-00024344-00024790 I'm gonna brush it up to emphasize the texture
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00055-00024790-00025270 using superhard styling gel of Gatsby
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00056-00025358-00025766 with a small amount use brow comb to brush it up
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00057-00026299-00026798 Today's eye-makeup is not going to be the most glamorous look
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00058-00026798-00027294 but I want to create moody look with tone-down colors
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00059-00027324-00027560 so I'm using
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00060-00027560-00027794 W.LAB's pocket shadow palette edge
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00061-00027794-00028793 All of the shades in this palette are something you can use daily
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00062-00028794-00028960 I've been using it well
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00063-00028988-00029402 Create contour with the mix of sand and ashy brown
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00064-00029402-00029993 Since I applied on my eyelid, I've gotta apply some under my eyes as well
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00065-00029994-00030354 I'm using the shade  camel
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00066-00030406-00030730 I applied bit more than user under here
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00067-00031324-00031920 Now, I want to create more depth on the outer side of my eyes
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00068-00031922-00032377 for this I'm mixing ashy brown with espresso
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00069-00032850-00033162 Instead of eyeliner
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00070-00033162-00033440 I'm using dark shade of shadow
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00071-00033440-00033928 and give a slight wing with liquid eyeliner
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00072-00033977-00034369 Let's do the wing first
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00073-00034370-00034882 I'll use survival pen liner from LILYBYRED  (i recommend this!)
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00074-00035490-00035824 Only apply it to the end of the eyes
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00075-00036078-00036516 Coming back to W.LAB pocket shadow palette
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00076-00036516-00037042 Blend these lines using shade mahogany
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00077-00037904-00038278 Now, Curl your lashes
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00078-00038278-00038476 Curl it really close to the roots of your lashes!
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00079-00038782-00039226 Brush your lashes before you apply your mascara
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00080-00039226-00039430 It's time fore mascara now
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00081-00039430-00039848 I'm using Dr.Mascara fixer for perfect lash of ETUDE HOUSE
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00082-00039848-00040335 with ETUDE HOUSE's lash perm curl fix mascara
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00083-00040351-00040776 For this look, I want to create clumped lashes
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00084-00040836-00041410 Use your fixers first to create the volume of your lashes
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00085-00042020-00042220 *drying*
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00086-00042438-00042638 Time to stack mascara
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00087-00043490-00043858 I even brushed the front part of my brows with it
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00088-00044358-00044740 Clean up under eyes using q-tips
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00089-00044793-00045072 I'm done with my eye makeup
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00090-00045072-00045406 So let's put on some freckles
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00091-00045423-00045584 for freckles!
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00092-00045584-00046174 I'm using two shades of brow blowout that I used before
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00093-00046174-00046846 because if there is only one shade of freckles it looks a little unnatural
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00094-00046846-00047626 So using two shades is one way to create natuarl looking freckles
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00095-00047626-00048095 First use shade 02 soft brown and this tiny brush
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00096-00048237-00048398 let's draw this
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00097-00048398-00048704 instead of brush you can use your bobby pins
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00098-00048704-00049338 Or use q-tips after removing the cotton parts
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00099-00049338-00049858 I'm going to make freckles on the area where I applied the blush and more
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00100-00049858-00050325 but don't forget to make more freckles on the protrude part
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00101-00050326-00050664 for this natural look
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00102-00050722-00051142 Make little dots and tap them out using fingers
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00103-00051172-00051670 Starting from the center of your face, move on to your entire face
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00104-00051742-00052448 at first, make some big ones in the area where people naturally have a lot of freckles
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00105-00052505-00053022 Then you can work on small freckles around
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00106-00053086-00053598 So don't worry about making them too big
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00107-00053664-00054270 Since I have kind of hooded eye lids there will be some freckles here as well
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00108-00054514-00054940 I gave overall touches
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00109-00054940-00055474 Now, I'll add more details using darker shade 03
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00110-00055474-00056274 To create smaller dots I'm using this bobby pin
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00111-00056394-00056979 Create smaller dots by putting small amount in the end of the pin
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00112-00057935-00058450 Since I'm done with the freckles the look is almost done
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00113-00058450-00058934 but I want my blush to be brighter
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00114-00058934-00059340 So I'm gonna make a final touch using shade Jamila in Juvia's palette
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00115-00060104-00060732 For lip I want to make it glossy and nudy
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00116-00060732-00061248 I'm using Plumping glow lipstick of Naming in shade optimistic
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00117-00061279-00061738 It is very glossy and have a little plump effect
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00118-00061738-00061991 Have that minty freshness
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00119-00062504-00062797 I want to add more color on my lips so
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00120-00062798-00063581 I'm putting on I'm MEME shade 02 orange body suit only on the inner lips to create gradation
g0K5Z6lxCOg-00121-00063680-00063935 I want more color
g3Ys7nXY86I-00000-00000106-00000363 THE NAVY'S FIRST HYBRID SHIP, USS MAKIN ISLAND,
g3Ys7nXY86I-00001-00000363-00000570 CELEBRATED HER SIXTH COMMISSIONING ANNIVERSARY,
g3Ys7nXY86I-00002-00000570-00000714 OCTOBER 24TH.
g3Ys7nXY86I-00003-00000714-00000914 MAKIN ISLAND WAS BUILT WITH GAS TURBINES AND AN
g3Ys7nXY86I-00004-00000914-00001164 ELECTRIC DRIVE AUXILIARY PROPULSION SYSTEM.
g3Ys7nXY86I-00005-00001164-00001391 THE NAVY EXPECTS TO SEE MORE THAN 250 MILLION
g3Ys7nXY86I-00006-00001391-00001611 DOLLARS IN FUEL SAVINGS OVER THE LIFE OF THE SHIP.
g3Ys7nXY86I-00007-00001661-00001865 NAVAL SUPPLY SYSTEM COMMAND REMIND SAILORS OF
g3Ys7nXY86I-00008-00001865-00002105 HOLIDAY MAILING DATES FOR DELIVERY OF HOLIDAY CARDS
g3Ys7nXY86I-00009-00002105-00002252 LETTERS AND PACKAGES.
g3Ys7nXY86I-00010-00002252-00002472 ALL CLASSES OF MAIL ADDRESSED TO FPO ADDRESSES
g3Ys7nXY86I-00011-00002472-00002736 MUST CONTAIN THE NEW NAVY STANDARDIZED FORMAT WHICH
g3Ys7nXY86I-00012-00002736-00002936 INCLUDES SHIP OR MOBILE UNIT NUMBER,
g3Ys7nXY86I-00013-00002936-00003159 VIRTUAL MAIL BOX NUMBER, AND FIVE-DIGIT ZIP CODE TO
g3Ys7nXY86I-00014-00003159-00003266 ENSURE DELIVERY.
g3Ys7nXY86I-00015-00003266-00003466 TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE HOLIDAY MAILING AND
g3Ys7nXY86I-00016-00003466-00003666 SHIPPING COSTS VISIT THE UNITED STATES POSTAL
g3Ys7nXY86I-00017-00003666-00003830 SERVICE WEBSITE.
g3Ys7nXY86I-00018-00003830-00004040 REGISTRATION IS NOW OPEN FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF THE
g3Ys7nXY86I-00019-00004040-00004320 NAVY 2016 WEST COAST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
g3Ys7nXY86I-00020-00004320-00004587 CONFERENCE, FEBRUARY 17TH THROUGH 19TH.
g3Ys7nXY86I-00021-00004587-00004791 THE CONFERENCE IS OPEN TO ALL NAVY, GOVERNMENT,
g3Ys7nXY86I-00022-00004791-00005001 MILITARY AND SUPPORT CONTRACTOR PERSONNEL.
g3Ys7nXY86I-00023-00005038-00005261 TO REGISTER VISIT THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY IT
g3Ys7nXY86I-00024-00005261-00005365 WEBSITE.
g3Ys7nXY86I-00025-00005365-00005862 FOR THESE STORIES AND MORE VISIT NAVY.MIL
gqAikE3lwYA-00000-00000086-00000412 So we ended up having three groups total.
gqAikE3lwYA-00001-00000549-00000705 Two of the groups combined.
gqAikE3lwYA-00002-00000784-00001171 So basically we have until 4:30.
gqAikE3lwYA-00003-00001171-00001491 At 4:30, we were going  to let you go downstairs
gqAikE3lwYA-00004-00001491-00001733 to the second floor and socialize.
gqAikE3lwYA-00005-00001733-00001966 So we have food and alcohol
gqAikE3lwYA-00006-00001966-00002158 and I think we have  non-alcoholic stuff too.
gqAikE3lwYA-00007-00002310-00002460 Exactly.
gqAikE3lwYA-00008-00002460-00002766 So all we want to do is hear the reports.
gqAikE3lwYA-00009-00002858-00003141 And also just let you know that  we are going to compile
gqAikE3lwYA-00010-00003141-00003316 all of this information,
gqAikE3lwYA-00011-00003354-00003675 all of the notes,  all of the audio recordings,
gqAikE3lwYA-00012-00003675-00004074 and all of the visual,  the graphic facilitation.
gqAikE3lwYA-00013-00004111-00004310 It may take us some time  to get it all together
gqAikE3lwYA-00014-00004310-00004593 but if any of you want  any of these pieces,
gqAikE3lwYA-00015-00004593-00004774 this is for the community.
gqAikE3lwYA-00016-00004825-00005115 So please don't hesitate  to reach out to us.
gqAikE3lwYA-00017-00005115-00005329 We're at the BU Arts Initiative.
gqAikE3lwYA-00018-00005329-00005684 You can email any of us there  and we're easy to find on the website.
gqAikE3lwYA-00019-00005684-00006071 All right, so, let's start  with Alana's group.
gqAikE3lwYA-00020-00006179-00006384 Is that all right? Sure.
gqAikE3lwYA-00021-00007105-00007303 And, again, if you do have--
gqAikE3lwYA-00022-00007303-00007519 we're going to do this primarily  as a reporting.
gqAikE3lwYA-00023-00007519-00007770 If you have a burning, burning question
gqAikE3lwYA-00024-00007770-00008139 that's totally fine, but we need to run to you with a mic,
gqAikE3lwYA-00025-00008139-00008270 so please remember that.
gqAikE3lwYA-00026-00008379-00008737 That if you have a question,  go ahead and make it known
gqAikE3lwYA-00027-00008737-00008897 but we're going to have  to bring you a mic.
gqAikE3lwYA-00028-00008983-00009105 Thanks Ty.
gqAikE3lwYA-00029-00009178-00009350 Hi, I'm Alana.
gqAikE3lwYA-00030-00009350-00009663 I am on faculty here at BU  in the school of theater
gqAikE3lwYA-00031-00009663-00009973 and I also am the director of New Work  at Company One Theatre Company.
gqAikE3lwYA-00032-00010218-00010663 So we had a small  but very fertile conversation
gqAikE3lwYA-00033-00010663-00010922 about artistic decision making
gqAikE3lwYA-00034-00010922-00011194 and how performers with disabilities
gqAikE3lwYA-00035-00011194-00011465 and companies who do not  traditionally work
gqAikE3lwYA-00036-00011465-00011983 with performers with disabilities can come together in better collaboration.
gqAikE3lwYA-00037-00012111-00012555 We did not have four action items.
gqAikE3lwYA-00038-00012586-00013040 We had two really deep ones  and an off-shoot of one of those two.
gqAikE3lwYA-00039-00013160-00013421 One thing that came up is a desire
gqAikE3lwYA-00040-00013421-00013835 for companies that have  the willingness and interest
gqAikE3lwYA-00041-00013835-00014110 in working with performers  with disabilities
gqAikE3lwYA-00042-00014110-00014511 to get into a resource sharing mode  with other companies
gqAikE3lwYA-00043-00014511-00014641 who are better at that.
gqAikE3lwYA-00044-00014684-00014834 One of the things that might mean is
gqAikE3lwYA-00045-00014834-00015087 sharing captioning technologies
gqAikE3lwYA-00046-00015087-00015871 or sharing training modules, for example,  working with autism-friendly performances.
gqAikE3lwYA-00047-00015871-00016304 There was an offer of a training module that Open Door theatre uses.
gqAikE3lwYA-00048-00016353-00016634 Thinking about a way to setup  a formalized platform
gqAikE3lwYA-00049-00016695-00016956 or instead duplicating work,
gqAikE3lwYA-00050-00016956-00017253 utilizing pre-existing sharing platforms.
gqAikE3lwYA-00051-00017253-00017648 There's a couple of Facebook groups  that share technology, theatre tech.
gqAikE3lwYA-00052-00017738-00018019 So this is one way  that we thought about doing that.
gqAikE3lwYA-00053-00018142-00018470 Importantly that platform  should have no promotion,
gqAikE3lwYA-00054-00018470-00018765 not show promotion but rather  just about identifying resources
gqAikE3lwYA-00055-00018765-00018882 and sharing them.
gqAikE3lwYA-00056-00018996-00019245 The other thing we talked about was
gqAikE3lwYA-00057-00019366-00019566 specific to deaf actors.
gqAikE3lwYA-00058-00019705-00020060 We were talking about  how deaf actors are only seen,
gqAikE3lwYA-00059-00020060-00020290 if they're seen at all in Boston theater,
gqAikE3lwYA-00060-00020290-00020553 they're only seen for roles that are deaf.
gqAikE3lwYA-00061-00020553-00020934 And we were talking about  why it is that theater companies
gqAikE3lwYA-00062-00020934-00021299 have a sort of a stop or a perception
gqAikE3lwYA-00063-00021299-00021576 against seeing deaf actors  for hearing roles.
gqAikE3lwYA-00064-00021626-00021789 And we talked about the funding challenges
gqAikE3lwYA-00065-00021789-00022175 or the perceptions of obstacles  that a company might encounter,
gqAikE3lwYA-00066-00022175-00022723 and so one of the things  that came off of that was training,
gqAikE3lwYA-00067-00022723-00023016 not just training for performers  but training for companies,
gqAikE3lwYA-00068-00023048-00023490 in terms of how to work with performers  with disabilities in general
gqAikE3lwYA-00069-00023490-00023705 and with the deaf community specifically
gqAikE3lwYA-00070-00023705-00023952 and we also talked about  another action item
gqAikE3lwYA-00071-00023952-00024260 that came out of that, very specifically,
gqAikE3lwYA-00072-00024260-00024479 is to think about is there space  at the StageSource conference--
gqAikE3lwYA-00073-00024480-00024581 Hi Julie.
gqAikE3lwYA-00074-00024581-00024762 Is there space  at the StageSource conference
gqAikE3lwYA-00075-00024762-00025215 to talk about rethinking  how acting training works
gqAikE3lwYA-00076-00025329-00025551 in the fringe community in Boston,
gqAikE3lwYA-00077-00025551-00025899 like Buck Company  wants PDA training classes,
gqAikE3lwYA-00078-00025899-00026116 or other training classes  that happen for actors.
gqAikE3lwYA-00079-00026116-00026295 Can they be more accessible  and what are the obstacles
gqAikE3lwYA-00080-00026295-00026438 that keep us from doing that?
gqAikE3lwYA-00081-00026534-00026731 And then we also talked about--
gqAikE3lwYA-00082-00026731-00026901 sorry, Chris, you're going to be  another example--
gqAikE3lwYA-00083-00026901-00027312 We talked about, for companies  that wish to do more work in communities
gqAikE3lwYA-00084-00027312-00027537 where they don't have much familiarity,
gqAikE3lwYA-00085-00027537-00027741 just storming into those communities
gqAikE3lwYA-00086-00027741-00028033 and declaring your willingness  is not going to get you very far.
gqAikE3lwYA-00087-00028033-00028427 So instead finding  and working with bridge builders
gqAikE3lwYA-00088-00028427-00028592 who have cultural capital,
gqAikE3lwYA-00089-00028740-00028981 who position themselves as educators.
gqAikE3lwYA-00090-00028981-00029229 So not asking people to teach you
gqAikE3lwYA-00091-00029229-00029470 when that's not their job
gqAikE3lwYA-00092-00029470-00029823 but rather working with folks  who identify as educators
gqAikE3lwYA-00093-00029823-00030065 and who have the cultural capital  to connect you
gqAikE3lwYA-00094-00030065-00030331 to the communities you're interested in,
gqAikE3lwYA-00095-00030331-00030558 if you're a company that  doesn't usually work
gqAikE3lwYA-00096-00030558-00030751 with performers with disabilities.
gqAikE3lwYA-00097-00030751-00030983 So those were some action items  we took away.
gqAikE3lwYA-00098-00031017-00031405 I'm happy to answer questions  or simply pass the mic to the next group.
gqAikE3lwYA-00099-00031693-00031850 Huh?
gqAikE3lwYA-00100-00031872-00032038 I do want to hand it to [Yoelle].
gqAikE3lwYA-00101-00032322-00032572 (applause)
gqAikE3lwYA-00102-00032910-00033013 Oh shoot.
gqAikE3lwYA-00103-00033588-00033690 (woman 2) Sorry.
gqAikE3lwYA-00104-00034235-00034613 I'm Corey; we were talking about training,
gqAikE3lwYA-00105-00034679-00034969 which was a very wide ranging discussion.
gqAikE3lwYA-00106-00035256-00035556 Let's see, it was hard to bring it down
gqAikE3lwYA-00107-00035556-00035782 to just a couple of points but...
gqAikE3lwYA-00108-00035929-00036122 So some things we talked about
gqAikE3lwYA-00109-00036184-00036623 were to offer training  like today's symposium
gqAikE3lwYA-00110-00036623-00037034 on a larger scale that brings together  a larger community
gqAikE3lwYA-00111-00037080-00037284 because we have  a lot of people in this room
gqAikE3lwYA-00112-00037416-00037751 who are already the converted--
gqAikE3lwYA-00113-00037751-00037936 I think there was a little mention  of this earlier today
gqAikE3lwYA-00114-00037936-00038323 but how do we get people  from other places in on this conversation
gqAikE3lwYA-00115-00038323-00038523 and expand it and scale it up.
gqAikE3lwYA-00116-00038778-00039123 Another suggestion is to have  more funding for staff
gqAikE3lwYA-00117-00039123-00039521 and training in pedagogy,  in disability services.
gqAikE3lwYA-00118-00039521-00039778 We were talking particularly  about within BU
gqAikE3lwYA-00119-00039778-00040177 but I think this can kind of translate  to other places as well
gqAikE3lwYA-00120-00040177-00040780 to make sure that not just the staff  of the disability services department
gqAikE3lwYA-00121-00040780-00041187 but also other members  of the faculty and staff,
gqAikE3lwYA-00122-00041187-00041529 getting training about how to interact  with people with disabilities.
gqAikE3lwYA-00123-00041780-00042011 Somebody mentioned something  very similar to this--
gqAikE3lwYA-00124-00042011-00042234 I think Alana said something  similar to this--
gqAikE3lwYA-00125-00042234-00042651 about offering training  for cultural institutions
gqAikE3lwYA-00126-00042664-00043112 possibly using online platforms  of one sort of another
gqAikE3lwYA-00127-00043112-00043507 and I have a feeling everybody  is kind of has that going on
gqAikE3lwYA-00128-00043507-00043664 in their mind somewhere.
gqAikE3lwYA-00129-00043664-00043851 And then the last thing we had was
gqAikE3lwYA-00130-00043851-00044136 a basic requirement  that cultural institutions,
gqAikE3lwYA-00131-00044311-00044535 we might want to figure out  some kind of basic requirement
gqAikE3lwYA-00132-00044535-00044830 on disability sensitivity  for all employees,
gqAikE3lwYA-00133-00044830-00045357 like is there some sort of  certification program or project.
gqAikE3lwYA-00134-00045403-00045736 That is such a tinsey little piece  of what we talked about but there you go.
gqAikE3lwYA-00135-00045837-00046133 (applause)
gqAikE3lwYA-00136-00047383-00047644 As leaders and activists we merged.
gqAikE3lwYA-00137-00047644-00047790 (chuckles)
gqAikE3lwYA-00138-00048610-00048764 We did merge.
gqAikE3lwYA-00139-00048764-00049177 We found the slight curtain  between the two of us
gqAikE3lwYA-00140-00049177-00049581 was not going to really allow us  to have separate conversations,
gqAikE3lwYA-00141-00049581-00049960 so we thought that we would  just become one conversation.
gqAikE3lwYA-00142-00050190-00050368 And neither Dawn or I kept note,
gqAikE3lwYA-00143-00050368-00050618 so thank you for our visual display.
gqAikE3lwYA-00144-00050674-00050974 But we talked about leadership  and activism
gqAikE3lwYA-00145-00050974-00051430 and I think we were able to merge  so easily and quickly
gqAikE3lwYA-00146-00051430-00052186 is that be believe that to be a leader  in this current movement is activism.
gqAikE3lwYA-00147-00052234-00052743 We did talk a little bit about  how 20 years have seen some changes
gqAikE3lwYA-00148-00052743-00053060 but maybe this is the nexus  or the tipping point
gqAikE3lwYA-00149-00053060-00053380 that we'll really be able  to be sustainable
gqAikE3lwYA-00150-00053380-00053848 for speeding up some of our ideas.
gqAikE3lwYA-00151-00053901-00054347 We also talked about  training and education
gqAikE3lwYA-00152-00054347-00054774 and what is crucially important is  that it shouldn't be a one-off,
gqAikE3lwYA-00153-00054853-00055003 is that is should continue.
gqAikE3lwYA-00154-00055135-00055510 The process is not done  because you've taken a class.
gqAikE3lwYA-00155-00055552-00055893 It requires refreshment  and there's new people
gqAikE3lwYA-00156-00055893-00056248 who may become a part of this movement
gqAikE3lwYA-00157-00056248-00056770 and there's a nimbleness that  needs to really be a part of the training.
gqAikE3lwYA-00158-00056872-00057338 So that really embraces all people  who feel that they're on the margins
gqAikE3lwYA-00159-00057338-00057613 and our ability to work and embrace them.
gqAikE3lwYA-00160-00057977-00058156 (Dawn) And,
gqAikE3lwYA-00161-00058225-00058625 we talked a little bit through  my perspective on the work,
gqAikE3lwYA-00162-00058708-00059348 which was to be mindful of the fact  that there are people with disabilities,
gqAikE3lwYA-00163-00059412-00059892 their disability is on the cognitive  and the developmental spectrum
gqAikE3lwYA-00164-00059892-00060312 and to be mindful that that is  a population that is frequently
gqAikE3lwYA-00165-00060312-00060829 forgotten about in the spectrum  of disability but we talked--
gqAikE3lwYA-00166-00060878-00061172 I want to highlight some of the ones  that were really meaningful for me.
gqAikE3lwYA-00167-00061172-00061514 We talked about and made connections  between the leadership
gqAikE3lwYA-00168-00061514-00061852 and the activism about  the power of story telling
gqAikE3lwYA-00169-00061991-00062321 and also being resourceful.
gqAikE3lwYA-00170-00062508-00063021 Those resonated for me but the one  that was really really strong was
gqAikE3lwYA-00171-00063021-00063311 being a deliberate messer-upper.
gqAikE3lwYA-00172-00063311-00063530 (laughs)
gqAikE3lwYA-00173-00063530-00064141 Deliberately challenging audience,  challenging artists
gqAikE3lwYA-00174-00064141-00064462 to sort of redefine and mess you up.
gqAikE3lwYA-00175-00064462-00064829 It was well said-- they said, I'm going  to mess you up on purpose
gqAikE3lwYA-00176-00064829-00065212 in order to go forward, to have a place to go forward from
gqAikE3lwYA-00177-00065212-00065454 and to not be afraid to mess up
gqAikE3lwYA-00178-00065454-00065717 and then acknowledge  what was messy about it,
gqAikE3lwYA-00179-00065806-00066078 how to clean it up,  if to clean it up at all.
gqAikE3lwYA-00180-00066382-00066508 Yeah.
gqAikE3lwYA-00181-00066765-00067183 (man 2) And I think the mess up  tends to risk.
gqAikE3lwYA-00182-00067238-00067579 Where sometimes there are  those of us in administration
gqAikE3lwYA-00183-00067579-00067737 are inverse to risk.
gqAikE3lwYA-00184-00067737-00068253 We're constantly aware of  financial bottomline
gqAikE3lwYA-00185-00068253-00068506 or not wanting to offend people
gqAikE3lwYA-00186-00068506-00069126 but I think "mess up" ties to risk  and the very nature of art, art making,
gqAikE3lwYA-00187-00069126-00069465 and being innovative means  we need to take those risks
gqAikE3lwYA-00188-00069465-00069792 and as Keith was saying  earlier in the day,
gqAikE3lwYA-00189-00069829-00070507 it's not a miracle, we need to actually  push ourselves for excellence
gqAikE3lwYA-00190-00070507-00070711 and the discipline behind that.
gqAikE3lwYA-00191-00071250-00071453 Funding, which we'll just hop right over.
gqAikE3lwYA-00192-00071453-00071628 (audience laughs)
gqAikE3lwYA-00193-00071820-00072181 I just also, I mean Charlie  made a really good point too
gqAikE3lwYA-00194-00072181-00072655 to not really beat ourselves up  because 20 years ago
gqAikE3lwYA-00195-00072655-00072863 there are aspects of  what's happening today
gqAikE3lwYA-00196-00072863-00073139 and happening this week and the people that are in this room
gqAikE3lwYA-00197-00073278-00073511 20 years ago might not have happened,
gqAikE3lwYA-00198-00073511-00073876 so to not be so self-deprecating
gqAikE3lwYA-00199-00073930-00074142 as to say we have not taking steps
gqAikE3lwYA-00200-00074142-00074304 'cause we have taken steps.
gqAikE3lwYA-00201-00074304-00074495 I wouldn't have been here 20 years ago
gqAikE3lwYA-00202-00074495-00074746 and it's not because I'm 29-- no I'm not 29.
gqAikE3lwYA-00203-00074746-00074905 (audience laughs)
gqAikE3lwYA-00204-00075040-00075305 (Charlie) Well and I think that  ties in nicely to this point:
gqAikE3lwYA-00205-00075305-00075507 helping younger people find their voice.
gqAikE3lwYA-00206-00075569-00075994 20 years ago as I said,  things were different
gqAikE3lwYA-00207-00075994-00076517 but the ADA has passed,  the ADA has passed long ago.
gqAikE3lwYA-00208-00076517-00077023 Can we with the young people  who are becoming administrators, artists,
gqAikE3lwYA-00209-00077023-00077421 people involved in  the support of the arts.
gqAikE3lwYA-00210-00077465-00077868 Can we infiltrate all aspects of the program
gqAikE3lwYA-00211-00077868-00078424 and think about access and inclusion  beyond just architectural regulations
gqAikE3lwYA-00212-00078424-00078657 but to really infiltrate everything.
gqAikE3lwYA-00213-00078763-00079028 And then I think this is key  and this ties to something
gqAikE3lwYA-00214-00079028-00079585 that I learned early on from Jodie Steiner "With us, not for us."
gqAikE3lwYA-00215-00079695-00079883 Seek out people with disabilities  for input:
gqAikE3lwYA-00216-00079907-00080114 your boards, your staff,
gqAikE3lwYA-00217-00080317-00080891 actors, performers, crew people,  again, audience.
gqAikE3lwYA-00218-00080994-00081616 And really just as part of developing  a true sense of belonging.
gqAikE3lwYA-00219-00081822-00081960 And I think that's what we got.
gqAikE3lwYA-00220-00081960-00082219 (applause)
gqAikE3lwYA-00221-00082294-00082444 (Ty) Thank you, thank you, thank you.
gqAikE3lwYA-00222-00082536-00082796 Just again just a quick thank you  to our facilitators
gqAikE3lwYA-00223-00082796-00082946 for each of the sessions.
gqAikE3lwYA-00224-00082991-00083431 We're so grateful for your time  and to [Halell] and to [Halround]
gqAikE3lwYA-00225-00083431-00084204 and to the interpreters and to staff,  colleagues who went way above and beyond
gqAikE3lwYA-00226-00084204-00084416 to make sure this stuff worked today.
gqAikE3lwYA-00227-00084594-00084934 Please, please, please don't hesitate  to reach out to us.
gqAikE3lwYA-00228-00085015-00085188 Like I said, we have this documentation,
gqAikE3lwYA-00229-00085188-00085558 we will be figuring out ways  to disseminate
gqAikE3lwYA-00230-00085558-00085758 and put it up and spread it around.
gqAikE3lwYA-00231-00085758-00086418 And hopefully we can all keep continuing  this conversation over drinks and snacks
gqAikE3lwYA-00232-00086418-00086579 down on the second floor.
gqAikE3lwYA-00233-00086741-00086854 So thank you again. Yes?
gqAikE3lwYA-00234-00087232-00087503 (Dawn) Are we going to get documentation  of those too?
gqAikE3lwYA-00235-00087548-00087947 And a shout out whoever did these. I love them. Love them.
gqAikE3lwYA-00236-00087947-00088124 (applause)
gqAikE3lwYA-00237-00088139-00088740 (Ty) Yes, yes that's-- Carhartt Creative,  you can find on the web.
gqAikE3lwYA-00238-00088837-00089239 Yes, we're getting  very solid, clear visuals.
gqAikE3lwYA-00239-00089239-00089504 These will live with us, right? They live with us.
gqAikE3lwYA-00240-00089583-00089751 So yes this will be available as well.
gqAikE3lwYA-00241-00089800-00089916 Yeah?
gqAikE3lwYA-00242-00090228-00090745 (woman 3) I just heard a rumor that  perhaps tomorrow's panel will be online?
gqAikE3lwYA-00243-00090745-00091091 So if that's possible for us to get on it.
gqAikE3lwYA-00244-00091261-00091410 (Ty) Yes, so we have--
gqAikE3lwYA-00245-00091552-00091767 The residencies happening this week,
gqAikE3lwYA-00246-00091767-00091985 there were a few things that were  essentially labeled as "class visits"
gqAikE3lwYA-00247-00091985-00092154 that weren't put out to the public
gqAikE3lwYA-00248-00092154-00092554 but this now,  we are potentially figuring out
gqAikE3lwYA-00249-00092554-00092789 that one of the panel discussions  might be online.
gqAikE3lwYA-00250-00092885-00093046 We're still waiting  for the official snow call.
gqAikE3lwYA-00251-00093143-00093366 It's going to happen. We all know that.
gqAikE3lwYA-00252-00093435-00093559 And so yes.
gqAikE3lwYA-00253-00093698-00094076 bu.edu/arts A-R-T-S
gqAikE3lwYA-00254-00094200-00094504 Our main webpage has access  right on the front,
gqAikE3lwYA-00255-00094504-00094662 if you click that, we'll make sure--
gqAikE3lwYA-00256-00094662-00094940 Sarah or I will update with all  the relevant information
gqAikE3lwYA-00257-00094940-00095063 and any links you need.
gqAikE3lwYA-00258-00095063-00095247 bu.edu/arts
gqAikE3lwYA-00259-00095482-00095633 Thank you. Enjoy the beverages!
gqAikE3lwYA-00260-00095633-00095716 (applause)
gwsg5czrNeu-00000-00000376-00000700 A 2015 studyby Italian communications
gwsg5czrNeu-00001-00000700-00000864 company Claus Davi
gwsg5czrNeu-00002-00000864-00000946 found that of the
gwsg5czrNeu-00003-00000946-00001115 300 million photos
gwsg5czrNeu-00004-00001115-00001258 uploaded to Instagram
gwsg5czrNeu-00005-00001258-00001454 that year, 70 million
gwsg5czrNeu-00006-00001454-00001632 contained the # pizza
gwsg5czrNeu-00007-00001632-00001759 Yeah hi this is Vince
gwsg5czrNeu-00008-00001759-00001847 calling from Tony's
gwsg5czrNeu-00009-00001847-00002007 Pizza. Your pizza is out
gwsg5czrNeu-00010-00002007-00002132 for delivery but we're
gwsg5czrNeu-00011-00002132-00002266 having problems with
gwsg5czrNeu-00012-00002266-00002394 your credit card. Well
gwsg5czrNeu-00013-00002394-00002525 somebody placed an
gwsg5czrNeu-00014-00002525-00002712 order 20 minutes ago
gwsg5czrNeu-00015-00002712-00002823 3 medium cheese
gwsg5czrNeu-00016-00002823-00002945 pizzas. They're coming
gwsg5czrNeu-00017-00002945-00003070 for delivery right now
gwQFYEsDXjI-00000-00000023-00000408 You should notice that in addition to the tabs on the left hand side there are
gwQFYEsDXjI-00001-00000408-00000717 also buttons that are running across your page here. There are additional
gwQFYEsDXjI-00002-00000717-00001203 options for navigating the course. I included them because there's a couple
gwQFYEsDXjI-00003-00001203-00001550 things that I want you to be able to click on the left side here, but I
gwQFYEsDXjI-00004-00001550-00002001 can't change what those tabs say. The syllabus is duplicated. It is
gwQFYEsDXjI-00005-00002001-00002401 important. That's why I left it there. You'll see that there's a Grades button.
gwQFYEsDXjI-00006-00002401-00002894 It is also a tab. It's important. I want you to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00007-00002894-00003207 be able to access that and if you click on the syllabus or the grades button it
gwQFYEsDXjI-00008-00003207-00003663 takes you the same place as the syllabus of the grades tab. There's also an option
gwQFYEsDXjI-00009-00003663-00004026 if you want to email me. If you click on it, it will redirect you to the Canvas
gwQFYEsDXjI-00010-00004026-00004425 inbox and then you'll be able to send me a message directly. There's an
gwQFYEsDXjI-00011-00004425-00004821 option for Help. The college has resources to help you. I would say
gwQFYEsDXjI-00012-00004821-00005198 there's lots of levels to getting help for this class. If it's technical nature
gwQFYEsDXjI-00013-00005198-00005589 of registering for classes or being able to log into Canvas, the college will help
gwQFYEsDXjI-00014-00005589-00006098 you with that. If you need resources like the library and tutoring there's another
gwQFYEsDXjI-00015-00006098-00006414 section that the college can help you with that. If you need help with the
gwQFYEsDXjI-00016-00006414-00006765 content... if you need to Photoshop help, I can help you or Adobe can help you and
gwQFYEsDXjI-00017-00006765-00007314 so I've compiled a little page here that is a help page that is resources for you
gwQFYEsDXjI-00018-00007314-00007731 to get help. I would like to note that the resources for the college... I
gwQFYEsDXjI-00019-00007731-00008079 just copy and pasted that. If you come over here to the left hand side of the screen there's
gwQFYEsDXjI-00020-00008079-00008442 a little help button and if you click on it it has all the information that I
gwQFYEsDXjI-00021-00008442-00008763 gave you on that help page available. So, if you're not in my class
gwQFYEsDXjI-00022-00008763-00009153 let's say that you're taking Photoshop and Illustrator but there's no help page
gwQFYEsDXjI-00023-00009153-00009450 in your Illustrator class. You can find it over here on the left hand side.
gwQFYEsDXjI-00024-00009450-00009972 There's also a link to the institutional syllabus and if you read my syllabus you
gwQFYEsDXjI-00025-00009972-00010247 would already know about the institutional syllabus. It has a link to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00026-00010247-00010695 it. The new buttons that are important are the Schedule button and
gwQFYEsDXjI-00027-00010695-00011004 the Modules button. The Schedule button takes you to the schedule page.
gwQFYEsDXjI-00028-00011004-00011592 The semester schedule is mapped out... basically you will have items due every
gwQFYEsDXjI-00029-00011592-00012036 Wednesday and every Saturday every week of the semester and I will help you to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00030-00012036-00012438 try to break up when you should be working on things. The Photoshop class is
gwQFYEsDXjI-00031-00012438-00012956 a lot of work and if you plan on logging in once a week for an hour this is not
gwQFYEsDXjI-00032-00012956-00013294 the class to take and it's especially not the class to take in the summer.
gwQFYEsDXjI-00033-00013294-00013628 But if you're interested in learning Photoshop in kind of a skills-based way
gwQFYEsDXjI-00034-00013628-00014066 that you participate in the lecture and then you take a little quiz and then you
gwQFYEsDXjI-00035-00014066-00014480 practice your Photoshop skills and you wash, rinse, and repeat and do that 23
gwQFYEsDXjI-00036-00014480-00014872 times to learn an amazing number of things in Photoshop then this might be
gwQFYEsDXjI-00037-00014872-00015278 the class for you. You'll notice that I kind of break it out into little chunks.
gwQFYEsDXjI-00038-00015278-00016013 For the May 2019 summer term you'll see that technically the first module, this
gwQFYEsDXjI-00039-00016013-00016430 blue module, it's not due until Saturday but I'm saying you should work on it on
gwQFYEsDXjI-00040-00016430-00016676 Monday and Tuesday and then you should be done you should move on to the next thing≥
gwQFYEsDXjI-00041-00016676-00017006 Color Management is not technically due till Saturday but I
gwQFYEsDXjI-00042-00017006-00017375 would say work on it on Wednesday and Thursday and then File Creation and
gwQFYEsDXjI-00043-00017375-00017735 Document Setup you should work on Friday and Saturday. I'm trying to pace it
gwQFYEsDXjI-00044-00017735-00018226 out for you so it's not too much work. You can by all means work ahead. The
gwQFYEsDXjI-00045-00018226-00018763 first five lessons... Color Management, File Creation and Document Setup, Intro to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00046-00018763-00019276 Adobe Bridge, Camera Raw, and Workspaces... you could probably do it all in one
gwQFYEsDXjI-00047-00019276-00019790 sitting in about four hours or less if you wanted to sit there for four hours
gwQFYEsDXjI-00048-00019790-00020185 and work on it if you have some prior knowledge. If this is your first computer
gwQFYEsDXjI-00049-00020185-00020537 class or your first computer graphics course and you don't know what file
gwQFYEsDXjI-00050-00020537-00020876 formats and resolution and pixels and things like that are it's definitely
gwQFYEsDXjI-00051-00020876-00021376 going to take you longer. I would recommend if you are feeling good about
gwQFYEsDXjI-00052-00021376-00021803 doing Getting Started in ART 1280 and then you start working on Color
gwQFYEsDXjI-00053-00021803-00022313 Management and you still have some time... definitely work ahead. It's way better to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00054-00022313-00022706 work ahead and be ahead of the class then to fall behind. Students who fall behind
gwQFYEsDXjI-00055-00022706-00023298 in ART 1280 usually don't pass the class because we will continue to do lessons
gwQFYEsDXjI-00056-00023298-00023773 two or three lessons per week every week in the semester so there's really no
gwQFYEsDXjI-00057-00023773-00024304 break to get caught up. The last button that you should click on is the Modules
gwQFYEsDXjI-00058-00024304-00024767 tab or the modules button this is where all of your coursework is so you should
gwQFYEsDXjI-00059-00024767-00025304 definitely 100% never try to complete the course by looking at the Coming Up
gwQFYEsDXjI-00060-00025304-00025660 and the To Do feed over here on the right-hand side. It will just show you
gwQFYEsDXjI-00061-00025660-00026128 things that are due. It will not show you all the resources available for you to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00062-00026128-00026579 be able to know how to do the things that are coming up that are due.
gwQFYEsDXjI-00063-00026579-00027041 If you go to the modules... so first if you go to the Schedule button you can see
gwQFYEsDXjI-00064-00027041-00027443 that we're working on Getting Started in ART 1280. It's the blue module. It's
gwQFYEsDXjI-00065-00027443-00028118 Module O1. If we click on modules we're dumped into Module 01 which is Getting
gwQFYEsDXjI-00066-00028118-00028580 Started in ART 1280 and everything you need to be successful with Module 01 is
gwQFYEsDXjI-00067-00028580-00028955 on this page. There's a little intro that explains what the module is. It goes
gwQFYEsDXjI-00068-00028955-00029312 through everything you have to do. For Module 01 that means that you have these
gwQFYEsDXjI-00069-00029312-00029768 required activities... read the syllabus, read this document, read that document...
gwQFYEsDXjI-00070-00029768-00030125 a lot of that getting started stuff. Then there are four required submissions
gwQFYEsDXjI-00071-00030125-00030439 but you can't successfully complete the required submissions until after you
gwQFYEsDXjI-00072-00030439-00030877 click and read through all the links on the left-hand side. Module 02 is our first
gwQFYEsDXjI-00073-00030877-00031316 real module and so once you get to Module 02 this pattern is what will feel
gwQFYEsDXjI-00074-00031316-00031679 familiar throughout the semester. Again there's a little intro that
gwQFYEsDXjI-00075-00031679-00032180 explains the modules, but then every module has multiple lesson. So, Module 02
gwQFYEsDXjI-00076-00032180-00032720 has Lesson 01 through Lesson 05 and every lesson is set up the same way. It
gwQFYEsDXjI-00077-00032720-00033095 has a series of learning outcomes. These are your goals. You should read through
gwQFYEsDXjI-00078-00033095-00033461 them, complete the course material, and then read through them again. In order to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00079-00033461-00033781 successfully complete the lesson you'll click on the lecture materials page.
gwQFYEsDXjI-00080-00033781-00034304 Every lesson will have a slide show lecture and we kind of wrote it like a
gwQFYEsDXjI-00081-00034304-00034805 book so there's no textbook for ART 1280. We are adopting open educational
gwQFYEsDXjI-00082-00034805-00035261 resources but we found the best way to have these open free resources is just
gwQFYEsDXjI-00083-00035261-00035627 to make them ourselves and so you'll notice a slideshow it's very wordy it
gwQFYEsDXjI-00084-00035627-00036335 reads like a book. There's also a recorded lecture for every lesson. You
gwQFYEsDXjI-00085-00036335-00037019 should watch the lectures because the the slide shows are
gwQFYEsDXjI-00086-00037019-00037445 very matter-of-fact but there's more stuff in the videos. The
gwQFYEsDXjI-00087-00037445-00037802 videos are going to go off on tangents and explain things in more detail then
gwQFYEsDXjI-00088-00037802-00038258 you would get if you just literally read the slide word-for-word. Once you
gwQFYEsDXjI-00089-00038258-00038644 complete the lecture by either reading the slide show or watching the video (I
gwQFYEsDXjI-00090-00038644-00039155 recommend both) you will complete a skills practice and a knowledge test. The
gwQFYEsDXjI-00091-00039155-00039611 skills practice is a discussion post. You will practice the things that are
gwQFYEsDXjI-00092-00039611-00039858 covered the lesson. You will read through
gwQFYEsDXjI-00093-00039858-00040280 what's required and then down below it's a discussion and you'll reply back to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00094-00040280-00040727 the original post. You will attach images... whatever the project is telling you do
gwQFYEsDXjI-00095-00040727-00041132 you'll attach the required image and you'll say, "hey, I did this" and you'll post it.
gwQFYEsDXjI-00096-00041132-00041511 Not every single skills practice, but most of them, will also have a series of demo
gwQFYEsDXjI-00097-00041511-00042002 videos that are included for the skills practice. I caution you if you
gwQFYEsDXjI-00098-00042002-00042371 try to do the skills practices without watching the lecture and just watching
gwQFYEsDXjI-00099-00042371-00042782 the demo you're not going to know all of the content that you need to complete
gwQFYEsDXjI-00100-00042782-00043136 the skills practice. The demo video doesn't demo it step by step in a way that you
gwQFYEsDXjI-00101-00043136-00043605 could follow. It just demos a summary of the activity. When you get to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00102-00043605-00044021 your knowledge test... the knowledge test is a series of questions. This one has
gwQFYEsDXjI-00103-00044021-00044594 15 questions that come directly from the slideshow lecture. The questions are not
gwQFYEsDXjI-00104-00044594-00045044 meant to be difficult. They're just meant to highlight key information that would
gwQFYEsDXjI-00105-00045044-00045482 be important for that lesson. You get two attempts and they're not timed. If you
gwQFYEsDXjI-00106-00045482-00045755 don't watch or participate in the lecture you're not going to know the
gwQFYEsDXjI-00107-00045755-00046190 answer to the knowledge test questions. I highly recommend to you to
gwQFYEsDXjI-00108-00046190-00046688 not submit the knowledge test two times until you come
gwQFYEsDXjI-00109-00046688-00047069 and speak with me as your teacher. You can submit it the first time and see
gwQFYEsDXjI-00110-00047069-00047471 what questions you got wrong and then you can go and try to find the answers
gwQFYEsDXjI-00111-00047471-00047855 to those questions, but if you visit me during office hours I'll help you find
gwQFYEsDXjI-00112-00047855-00048317 the answer or I'll clarify why one answer is correct and your answer is not
gwQFYEsDXjI-00113-00048317-00048611 correct. Then, when you submit it the second time you should get a 100%.
gwQFYEsDXjI-00114-00048611-00048893 There's no reason that anyone shouldn't get a 100% on those
gwQFYEsDXjI-00115-00048893-00049250 knowledge tests. They're more like knowledge quizzes, but we call them
gwQFYEsDXjI-00116-00049250-00049940 knowledge tests. Okay, please take a minute to click through module one. Just
gwQFYEsDXjI-00117-00049940-00050222 get an idea of what you will be working on... you don't have to do it just yet
gwQFYEsDXjI-00118-00050222-00050543 there's a couple more things I want to talk about. Then, click through Module 02
gwQFYEsDXjI-00119-00050543-00050921 so you can see how a lesson is set up. Let me just click through
gwQFYEsDXjI-00120-00050921-00051344 Lesson 01 within Module 02. Once you feel comfortable with the organization
gwQFYEsDXjI-00121-00051344-00051809 or the navigational structure of Modules 01 and 02 you can move on to the last
gwQFYEsDXjI-00122-00051809-00052265 video in the series where I'll wrap up my expectations for you this week in ART 1280.
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00000-00006342-00006442 foreign
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00001-00006442-00006543 [Laughter]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00002-00006543-00007910 organic [Laughter]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00003-00007910-00008010 somebody
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00004-00008010-00008888 [Music]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00005-00008888-00009810 [Laughter]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00006-00009810-00010435 is
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00007-00010435-00010621 mm-hmm
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00009-00014659-00014762 is
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00010-00014762-00014862 foreign
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00011-00014862-00015078 [Music]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00012-00015078-00015368 natural yeah
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00013-00015368-00015504 [Music]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00015-00021837-00022629 foreign contribution
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00016-00022629-00023430 [Music] write it again
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00017-00023430-00024010 [Laughter]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00018-00024010-00024593 [Laughter]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00020-00029097-00029197 um
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00021-00029197-00030127 [Music]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00023-00033947-00035869 I'll  get me in America
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00024-00035869-00035969 is
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00025-00035969-00036521 definition foreign
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00027-00044400-00044678 foreign
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00028-00044678-00045449 thank you but  um
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00029-00045449-00045961 [Music]
gGbNGsFk4Tg-00030-00045961-00046471 um
gHj83Tgl-14-00000-00000096-00000640 Hello my name is AMA BOADU DOE .Are you new here ?AKWAABA to my channel.
gHj83Tgl-14-00001-00000696-00001104 I am still touring San Antonio, Texas and can you please do me a
gHj83Tgl-14-00002-00001104-00001616 little favor and follow me to the San Antonio zoo if you're ready let's go
gHj83Tgl-14-00003-00001823-00002368 Please have you subscribed to my channel yet ? if you haven't please do for me and my returning
gHj83Tgl-14-00004-00002368-00002984 subscribers, God bless you. i am so grateful for always coming back to watch my video thank you
gHj83Tgl-14-00005-00003392-00003728 .Right after the bridge you will turn on your right
gHj83Tgl-14-00006-00003728-00004384 and that is where you're going to park your car
gHj83Tgl-14-00007-00004664-00005056 and after parking you have to walk for about three minutes
gHj83Tgl-14-00008-00005056-00005328 before you get to the main entrance of the zoo
gHj83Tgl-14-00009-00005712-00007184 i welcome you all to the San Antonio main entrance of the zoo
gHj83Tgl-14-00010-00007416-00008584 this is where you're going to pay for your ticket children below 3 years are free
gHj83Tgl-14-00011-00008728-00009984 ready to start our adventure
gHj83Tgl-14-00012-00045520-00045880 God bless you for watching and don't forget to like this video
gHj83Tgl-14-00013-00045936-00046376 leave a comment and share with your friends if you haven't subscribed yet
gHj83Tgl-14-00014-00046376-00047784 please do for me thank you until i see you again in my next video
gHj83Tgl-14-00015-00048120-00048128 MEDAASE
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00000-00000000-00000672 Hello friends, my name is Tushar and today I'm going to talk about KMP
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00001-00000672-00000810 Substring Search
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00002-00000810-00001319 so what is a substring search? Suppose I have a text and i have a pattern. I have to tell
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00003-00001319-00001950 that does this pattern exist in this text or not? So, here my text is "abcbcglx"
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00004-00001950-00002535 and my pattern is "bcgl" so this pattern does exist in this text at this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00005-00002535-00002688 point here
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00006-00002688-00003165 so in this case my substring search should return 3, the index of the 
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00007-00003165-00003347 point from which this pattern exists.
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00008-00003347-00003680 so what is our usual Algorithm to find the substring search
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00009-00003680-00004289 what we usually do is we start from this from the 0th index of the text and 0th
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00010-00004289-00004712 index of pattern and we compare 'b' with 'a'. Since they are not a match,
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00011-00004787-00005298 we go to the next index of text which is 'b' so we compare 'b' with 'b', since
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00012-00005298-00005382 it's a match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00013-00005382-00005892 we compare 'c' with 'c', again it is a match so we compare 'b' with 'g', at this point
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00014-00005892-00006090 it's not a match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00015-00006090-00006366 so what we do is we start from the next
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00016-00006366-00006945 letter to our start point. So then we start from 'c' and then we compare 'c' with 'b' again
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00017-00006945-00007050 it's not a match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00018-00007050-00007350 so again we start from the next point. then we compare 'b' with 'b'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00019-00007350-00007764 so this is a match and then 'c' is a match, 'g' is a match and 'l' is a match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00020-00007764-00008214 so in this case we would return 3 which is the index of the point at which text
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00021-00008214-00008954 exist and if our pattern was something like 'bcgll', in that case this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00022-00008954-00009329 pattern would not be found in the text and we would return an exception or
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00023-00009329-00009590 -1 or something like that.
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00024-00009590-00009836 so how much time would this  algorithm take in the worst case, this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00025-00009836-00010118 algorithm would take O(mn)
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00026-00010118-00010674 time where m is the length of the text and n is the length of the pattern
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00027-00010674-00010974 so this is where KMP Search comes into the picture.
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00028-00011025-00011630 the KMP Search can do the substring search in O(m+n)
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00029-00011630-00012050 time and let's see how KMP Search works
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00030-00012140-00012746 let's understand KMP algorithm using this text and this pattern. So we start
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00031-00012746-00013130 from here. 'a' and 'a' is a match, 'b' and 'b' is a match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00032-00013163-00013532 'c' and 'c' is a match. 'd' and 'x' is not a match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00033-00013532-00013856 so this is the point where we find no match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00034-00013856-00014282 so our aim is to not go backwards in this text
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00035-00014282-00014926 so what we are checking is right before 'd' in this substring, is there a suffix
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00036-00014927-00015368 which is also a prefix of this substring. Since all the characters are
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00037-00015368-00015425 unique
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00038-00015425-00015755 there is no way there can be a suffix which is also a prefix
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00039-00015755-00016322 so what that means is our next comparison will start from 'x' and 'a'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00040-00016322-00016949 again we'll understand it little bit more in this example so we compare 'a' with 'x'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00041-00016949-00017513 it's not a match so we move to the next character this 'a' and this 'a' is a match this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00042-00017513-00017678 'b' and this 'b' is a match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00043-00017678-00018220 this 'c' is a match, 'd' is a match, 'a' is a match, 'b' is a match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00044-00018284-00019439 'x' is not a match so again we check in this substring before 'c' from 'a' to
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00045-00019439-00019579 'b'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00046-00019580-00019859 Is there a suffix which is also a prefix
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00047-00019859-00020363 so if you look here, this "ab" is both the suffix and the prefix of this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00048-00020363-00020444 pattern
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00049-00020444-00021356 what that means is, since we have matched till 'x' till this point . The character
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00050-00021356-00021968 right before 'x' must be "ab" which is "ab" so what that also means is that since
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00051-00021968-00022172 this is also a prefix
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00052-00022172-00022863 we don't have to match "ab" again and the next match can start from 'x' and 'c'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00053-00022863-00023549 so what happened here is we didn't have to look backwards in the string to see
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00054-00023550-00023634 where to start the,
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00055-00023634-00024150 where to start the next match from. we can start from right here and here since
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00056-00024150-00024300 this suffix is this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00057-00024300-00024867 prefix and since this suffix is this prefix and since this "ab" exist here, we've
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00058-00024867-00025439 already matched them and so we start comparing 'c' with 'x'. So 'c' and 'x' is not
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00059-00025440-00026241 same so we chevck, in here,  is their a suffix which is also
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00060-00026241-00026829 a prefix? it's not, so finally we start matching 'x' with 'a', so 'x' and 'a' is not same so
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00061-00026829-00027513 we go to the next character, 'a' and 'a' is same, 'b' is same, 'c' is same, 'd' is same, 'a' is same, 'b' is same, 'c' is same
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00062-00027513-00028374 and then, here we have a 'd' and here we have 'y', so again we check in this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00063-00028374-00028887 substring before 'y'. Is there a suffix which is also a prefix?
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00064-00028887-00029193 so this suffix is also a prefix
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00065-00029193-00029787 what that means is, since we've matched till 'y' this "abc" must be right there that's
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00066-00029787-00029898 "abc".
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00067-00029898-00030276 so what also means is that, since the suffix is also a prefix
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00068-00030276-00030792 there is no reason to compare "abc" again and the next check can start from right
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00069-00030792-00031077 here so this 'd' has to be compared with this one
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00070-00031077-00031691 So this 'd' and this 'd' is same then 'a' is same, 'b' is same, 'c' is same and 'y' is same
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00071-00031692-00032154 so this pattern exists in this text from this point onwards. Hopefully this helps
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00072-00032154-00032564 you understand how the KMP Search works using suffix and prefix
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00073-00032564-00032891 information. So the only thing is how do we do this efficiently?
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00074-00032964-00033483 so in the next section, let's look at that so let's see how we'll efficiently compute
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00075-00033483-00033999 if suffix is same as prefix and what point to start the check if there is a mismatch
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00076-00033999-00034239 in the character between text and pattern
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00077-00034239-00035082 so here we have a pattern "abcdabca", so first is always zero so this is my i and this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00078-00035082-00035400 is my j. if there is a mismatch
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00079-00035400-00035424 if
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00080-00035424-00036138 i is not same as j so we put zero here and we increment our i, again i is not
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00081-00036138-00036744 same as j, so we put zero here and we increment i.i is not same as j, so we put zero
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00082-00036744-00036861 here and increment i
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00083-00036861-00037329 now i is same as j
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00084-00037329-00037719 so what we do is, the value we put here is whatever is the value of j
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00085-00037719-00038157 which is zero plus one so this becomes one and then we increment
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00086-00038157-00038457 both i and both j
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00087-00038535-00039423 so what this one means? So let's suppose our text was "abcdax" and so on and
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00088-00039423-00040074 our pattern is "abcdab" so there will be a match till this point and this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00089-00040074-00040716 will be a mismatch right here between 'x' and 'b'. so point is where do we start
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00090-00040716-00040938 the next comparison in the pattern
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00091-00040938-00041346 so since the value here at the index of 'a' is stored one
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00092-00041346-00041841 it means that there is already, there is a prefix which is same length as
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00093-00041841-00042339 the suffix one, so we have already compared this 'a' and this 'a' so the next 
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00094-00042339-00042549 point to check will be this 'x' and this 'b'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00095-00042549-00043122 so this is where this one will come into the picture so again 'b' is same as 'b' so
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00096-00043122-00043611 the value stored here will be the j which is one plus one that is two and then we
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00097-00043611-00044499 increment i and we increment j. 'c' is same as 'c' so we store value two plus one three and then i
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00098-00044499-00044682 goes here and j goes here
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00099-00044682-00045099 so now 'a' is not a match with 'd'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00100-00045099-00045543 so this is little tricky so what you do is you go to the value on the
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00101-00045543-00045843 previous character so that's zero so j
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00102-00045940-00046642 will become zero and then you compare, is this guy same as this guy
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00103-00046642-00047086 so those guys are same so the value here will be whatever is the value at j
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00104-00047086-00047629 which is zero plus one so this is our temporary array and this array will help
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00105-00047629-00048118 us doing the substring search efficiently. The Time complexity to build
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00106-00048118-00048970 this array is O(n) and the space complexity is also O(n) next let's
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00107-00048970-00049138 look at another example of how to  build this array 
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00108-00049138-00050035 so here i have a pattern "aabaabaaa" so first is always zero, so i is here, j is
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00109-00050035-00050584 here, since this 'i' is same as 'j' the value here will be the value of j plus one so
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00110-00050584-00051286 this is one and then we increment both i and j so i comes here j comes here this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00111-00051286-00051790 value is not same as this value so the next point of j will be the value in the
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00112-00051790-00052477 previous character which is zero so j becomes zero this is not same as this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00113-00052477-00053055 so this value becomes zero and we increment i. this is same as this, so value
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00114-00053055-00053922 here will be j plus one, so this is one and then we increment both i and j. Again this is same as
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00115-00053923-00054853 this, so this becomes two and we  increment both j and i. again this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00116-00054853-00055441 is same as this, so the value here will be two plus one three and we increment both i and j
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00117-00055441-00056278 again they are same so value here will be three plus one equals 4 and we increment i
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00118-00056278-00057182 and then j. Again they are same, so value here will be five and we increment i and then j
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00119-00057183-00057591 at this point 'b' is not same as 'a'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00120-00057591-00058152 so the next point j will be the value in the previous character which is two
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00121-00058152-00059069 so j jumps directly to two, again this 'a'  is not same as this 'a' so j will
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00122-00059070-00059712 jump to the value in here so that's one so j comes to this point. At this point
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00123-00059712-00059940 this 'a' is same as this 'a'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00124-00059940-00060491 so the value stored here will be whatever at j is one plus one, so this is two
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00125-00060491-00060983 so this is how we build a temporary array for this pattern
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00126-00061038-00061430 so again the time complexity is O(n) and the space complexity is also O(n)
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00127-00061430-00061922 In the next section let's use this array to actually do the substring search
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00128-00062040-00062574 so finally let's apply the substring search on this text for this
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00129-00062574-00063242 pattern so i've prebuilt my array using the logic which we discussed in
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00130-00063242-00063750 the previous section of this video so now we compare 'a' with 'a', so they
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00131-00063750-00064379 are same then 'b' is same, so this 'c' is not same as this 'x'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00132-00064379-00064827 so then what's the next point, so since we are not going to look back in the original text 
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00133-00064827-00065310 we check what is the next point we compare this pattern and this text
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00134-00065310-00065790 so the value, we go back to 'b' and check the value, the value here is zero
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00135-00065790-00066324 so the next point of comparison will be this 'a' and this 'x' because the index
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00136-00066324-00066831 because we're start looking from index zero which is 'a', so this 'a' is not same as this 'x'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00137-00066831-00067199 so we move forward
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00138-00067110-00067785 this 'a' is same as this 'a', then this 'b' is same as 'b','c' is same as 'c', again 'a' is a
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00139-00067785-00068268 match, 'b' is a match and then at this point, it's not a match
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00140-00068322-00068751 so again we go back here and then two
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00141-00068811-00069336 so what this two is saying is that there is a prefix of length two which is also
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00142-00069336-00069795 a suffix which is clear, this "ab" and this "ab" are prefix and
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00143-00069795-00070023 suffix. what that also means is
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00144-00070023-00070461 that there must be an "ab" in the original text, this "ab", so we can safely
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00145-00070461-00070992 ignore, we can safely ignore this two "ab" and start comparing this 'c' with this 'c'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00146-00070992-00071289 onwards which is how this two is useful
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00147-00071289-00071955 so we start comparing from the position two in the substring. So 'c' is same as 'c' so
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00148-00071955-00072356 we move forward, 'a' is same as 'a', 'b' is same as 'b' and 'y' is same as 'y'
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00149-00072357-00072684 so this pattern exists in this text
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00150-00072735-00073269 the run time complexity for this algorithm will be O(m) and where m is
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00151-00073269-00073479 the length of this text
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00152-00073479-00074057 the time to build this array, the temporary array is O(n)
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00153-00074058-00074643 and so the total time for this algorithm will be O(m+n) and
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00154-00074643-00075197 the space complexity will be O(n) the code is simple and it's in the
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00155-00075198-00075597 description section of the video so this is all I have to talk about 
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00156-00075597-00075690 KMP Search
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00157-00075690-00076074 I would ask my viewers to like this video, share this video and then comment on
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00158-00076074-00076467 this video, also check out my Facebook page and my Github link 
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00159-00076467-00076619 github.com/mission-peace/interview/wiki
gHoR8Yn-A_I-00160-00076620-00076824 Thanks again for watching this video.	
gI7HNnsefdu-00000-00000000-00000245 We gonna in in the end!
gI7HNnsefdu-00001-00000245-00000552 We must be strong! And we must be brave
gI7HNnsefdu-00002-00000552-00001000 (We must be brave!) We must be strong! She-Ra and the Princesses of Power: Warrior
gJX7ssLg22E-00000-00000000-00000200 Data In Image presentation - EGU 2021 - by Mohamed Abdelwahed
gJX7ssLg22E-00001-00000200-00000250 Hello everyone
gJX7ssLg22E-00002-00000250-00000481 I am Mohamed Abdelwahed
gJX7ssLg22E-00003-00000481-00000773 Today I would like to present
gJX7ssLg22E-00004-00000773-00001102 a new way to store and encrypt seismic data
gJX7ssLg22E-00005-00001102-00001695 Actually, we use the Binary data to store our data in a compressed form
gJX7ssLg22E-00006-00001695-00002147 but actually, the binary data is a kind of a black box, can not be previewed
gJX7ssLg22E-00007-00002147-00002537 and we don't know what is inside the file
gJX7ssLg22E-00008-00002537-00003279 here I propose to implement the seismic data into a bitmap image
gJX7ssLg22E-00009-00003279-00003978 Here is an example of a bitmap image stores a kind of a seismic waveform
gJX7ssLg22E-00010-00003978-00004291 the idea of the method is first
gJX7ssLg22E-00011-00004291-00004808 to compress the binary data into a compressed form
gJX7ssLg22E-00012-00004808-00005008 using the Steim compression method
gJX7ssLg22E-00013-00005008-00005639 then encrypt this binary data by 128 bit encryption 
gJX7ssLg22E-00014-00005639-00005839 using a specific code
gJX7ssLg22E-00015-00005839-00006316 then I imprint this code into a bitmap image
gJX7ssLg22E-00016-00006316-00006895 then convert this image into a bitmap WebP format
gJX7ssLg22E-00017-00006895-00007430 actually, the output file is characterized by being
gJX7ssLg22E-00018-00007430-00007954 describted, it means it has some descriptive pixels
gJX7ssLg22E-00019-00007954-00008048 so it is not a black box
gJX7ssLg22E-00020-00008048-00008192 it is encrypted
gJX7ssLg22E-00021-00008192-00008345 it is more compressed by 20% from 
gJX7ssLg22E-00022-00008423-00008726 the corresponding MiniSeed version
gJX7ssLg22E-00023-00008726-00008931 Actually this method is tested and 
gJX7ssLg22E-00024-00008931-00009131 can be implemented in any digital systems 
gJX7ssLg22E-00025-00009131-00009331 digitizers, data loggers 
gJX7ssLg22E-00026-00009331-00009531 or communication protocols
gJX7ssLg22E-00027-00009531-00009845 thank you very much
gKCbzqnlRMY-00000-00000000-00000343 Today is the 23rd of April 2023.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00001-00000436-00000721 Let us start our ride at Green Meadows Pasig City.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00002-00000830-00001516 I am on my way to Arcovia City in Pasig for the Firefly Brigade Critical Mass Ride for the month of  April 2023.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00003-00001606-00002143 Got up at 4:30 am in the morning, eat breakfast at and leave my house around 5:20 am.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00004-00002250-00002821 Got myself to N. Domingo at 5:45 am and in Ortigas Avenue around 6:20 am.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00005-00002945-00003510 It is supposedly a Critical Mass Ride for the Firefly Brigade and I am supposed to be there before 7:00 am.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00006-00003615-00004026 Problem is, I got lost on my way to Arcovia Pasig City.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00007-00004258-00005115 So instead I decided to go on a solo ride from Arcovia City Pasig to U.P. Diliman Sunken Garden for the Philippine Bike Demo Day 2023.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00008-00005231-00005888 I got no registration, no plan what so ever to stay long there and I need to come back home before 12:00 pm noon time.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00009-00005971-00006265 Because I have an appointment with a friend who needs my help.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00010-00006365-00006801 Here is the low down on how I got lost on my way to Arcovia City Pasig,
gKCbzqnlRMY-00011-00006801-00006903 Google Maps...
gKCbzqnlRMY-00012-00007016-00007375 My navigation goes crazy, it point me on the wrong direction.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00013-00007481-00008015 I got there around 7:20 am and everyone is on their way to U.P. Diliman and long gone.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00014-00009231-00010111 So I decided to hit the direct route to U.P. Diliman Sunken Garden via C-5 E. Rodriguez Jr. to Katipunan Avenue Via Libis Quezon City.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00015-00010221-00011100 It is a hell of a climb from Blue Ridge B to Katipunan. And from Katipunan to Carlos P. Garcia Street Avenue to U.P. Diliman.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00016-00026114-00026641 I got there in time. But the Firefly Brigade haven’t arrived just yet.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00017-00026705-00027053 Maybe, I take a direct route and got there 1 hour early.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00018-00027151-00027426 It was one heck of a workout and I am not proud of it.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00019-00027481-00027821 Because I got lost on my way to the venue/meetup place.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00020-00027860-00028570 Arcovia City Pasig is not an easy place to go to, so some cyclist are not familiar with that place.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00021-00028660-00028955 Even Google have a hard time finding that place.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00022-00029064-00029564 Google does not have a bicycle route for that place, only for driving you can reach that place.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00023-00029660-00029983 I already expect this will be a car centric kind of ride today.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00024-00030080-00030481 But never the less, I push myself and my machine to it’s limits.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00025-00030596-00031013 There are a lot of motor vehicle who doesn’t care about the bike lanes in the city.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00026-00031125-00031766 So they keep on using the bike lane as and express lanes and pissing off cyclist who are using the bike lanes in the city.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00027-00031883-00032206 That is why I have to be creative on how I ride my bicycle.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00028-00032311-00032918 Find other ways to move from point A to point B. Using small streets instead of the major roads.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00029-00033026-00033310 Also find safe routes instead of highways.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00030-00041133-00041695 But on my way home, I decided, I wanna take the Cubao, E. Rodriguez route.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00031-00041820-00042258 To GMA Network center, to the South Triangle and to ABS-CBN.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00032-00042365-00043118 And from there, I will navigate my way via Mother Ignacia Avenue to Quezon Avenue via Scout Chuatoco and Kaliraya St.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00033-00043213-00043651 This turns out to be a peaceful ride because the route I take, is more of a carless route.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00034-00043766-00044013 Moreover a quiet road on a Sunday morning.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00035-00059160-00059391 I found myself some pocket parks.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00036-00059481-00059971 A tiny park in the middle of the city with a lot of trees and fresh air that I can breathe.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00037-00060070-00060668 I also found a hidden bike shop tambayan where I can stop over for a rest on my way back on this very long ride.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00038-00074561-00075366 All in all, I been riding for 57.40 kilometers in distance across 4 hours and 17 minutes of duration.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00039-00075448-00076141 From my starting point in my house, I leave at 5:30 am in the morning and got home around 11:00 am in the morning.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00040-00076186-00076521 Did I make it home for my appointment with a friend of mine, heck yeh.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00041-00076625-00076923 I did it with some smart street routes and careful planning.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00042-00077026-00077601 Now it is time for me to take a rest for a while, eat launch and take a break from riding this beautiful Sunday.
gKCbzqnlRMY-00043-00077695-00078366 And to the organizers of this critical mass ride, please do not put your venue on a place where it is hard to reach via bicycle.
gLQpWYuPQgg-00000-00000003-00000612 Hi everyone! Here's my last video for you, with one final piece of advice to take
gLQpWYuPQgg-00001-00000612-00001259 with you as you finish the DE Academy and carry on with your design work. And
gLQpWYuPQgg-00002-00001259-00002013 so the overall message here is to "work smart, not hard," right? So, we have been
gLQpWYuPQgg-00003-00002013-00002684 busy developing two modules in your sandbox. Once you have one of your
gLQpWYuPQgg-00004-00002684-00003243 modules kind of built out how you like it, there's a trick to making the
gLQpWYuPQgg-00005-00003243-00003879 rest of your modules. So if you look to the right of your module items - so over
gLQpWYuPQgg-00006-00003879-00004353 here. You should see all these three dot icons. So let's say I wanted to create an
gLQpWYuPQgg-00007-00004353-00004857 Overview page for Week 2. Instead of creating it from scratch, why not come
gLQpWYuPQgg-00008-00004857-00005637 over here to the three dots, click, and then click "duplicate." It makes a copy of
gLQpWYuPQgg-00009-00005637-00006185 the page with a different name, which I can then edit and change to say Week 2
gLQpWYuPQgg-00010-00006185-00006702 Overview and simply swap out my objectives and assessments, right? So
gLQpWYuPQgg-00011-00006702-00007065 that's the way to duplicate a single item, and you can do that with pretty
gLQpWYuPQgg-00012-00007065-00007754 much everything except for quizzes. So if you actually wanted to duplicate the
gLQpWYuPQgg-00013-00007754-00008409 entire module and change it into a Week 2 Module, the trick is you just have to
gLQpWYuPQgg-00014-00008409-00008757 take the quiz out of the module, and then you can duplicate the entire thing, all
gLQpWYuPQgg-00015-00008757-00009660 at once, right? So, um, let's see. Let me temporarily put the quiz up in Week 0 -
gLQpWYuPQgg-00016-00009660-00010584 oh, hold on one second. I'll just move it temporarily. Okay, now my module has no
gLQpWYuPQgg-00017-00010584-00011315 quiz in it, and I can come to the big three dot icon, click that and you should
gLQpWYuPQgg-00018-00011315-00011988 see the "duplicate this module" option. And if I click that, it is going to work hard,
gLQpWYuPQgg-00019-00011988-00012561 and as you can see, it made a copy of the entire module. And now all I have to do is
gLQpWYuPQgg-00020-00012561-00013176 update the pages within - give them new titles, and update the content. So that is
gLQpWYuPQgg-00021-00013176-00013551 just one of the tricks to making your life easier as you
gLQpWYuPQgg-00022-00013551-00014122 continue on. All right, best of luck!
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00000-00000061-00000351 Let's talk about eager acquisition.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00001-00000391-00000550 What is eager acquisition all about?
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00002-00000601-00000967 The idea is to acquire resources in advance.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00003-00000984-00001377 This is a completely different idea than lacy acquisition.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00004-00001402-00001759 here, you want to acquire the resource as early as possible
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00005-00001759-00001936 to ensure that you have it.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00006-00001981-00002389 when a client is accessing a method, this method already has
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00007-00002389-00002590 loaded their resource long ago.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00008-00002647-00003040 So when you look at step one, the resource is acquired by the component.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00009-00003040-00003295 As soon as the component is constructed.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00010-00003336-00003606 if it's a static component, for example, a Singleton.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00011-00003615-00003945 the resource is acquired as soon as the application starts up.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00012-00003982-00004405 the client can use this resource now and loading the resource will not take
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00013-00004408-00004609 very long because it's already there.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00014-00004646-00005083 And we can be sure that the resource is available for us, but the problem is.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00015-00005083-00005413 That the resource is not available for someone else.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00016-00005483-00005687 Let's talk about the properties.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00017-00005739-00006084 the context is we are using resources in an application.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00018-00006127-00006235 the problem is now.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00019-00006235-00006733 How can we avoid waiting for acquisition of this resources during run time?
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00020-00006774-00006949 The forces are very often.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00021-00006949-00007099 We need some special resources.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00022-00007102-00007794 For example, memory files, network, the webcam, the microphone resources,
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00023-00007794-00008085 which are exclusively reserved.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00024-00008115-00008397 and this exclusiveness must not be a problem.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00025-00008409-00008937 So one thing for eager acquisition is that only one can acquire
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00026-00008937-00009081 it over the whole lifetime.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00027-00009116-00009623 if others also need this resource, then eager acquisition, maybe not
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00028-00009623-00010104 the best pattern Another thing, which is important for eager acquisition
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00029-00010104-00010473 is that these resources are always needed in their application.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00030-00010473-00010857 Not just at a specific point in time, because when you don't need it
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00031-00010857-00011141 anymore, you could release it here.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00032-00011141-00011306 The resource is always needed.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00033-00011349-00011460 What is the solution?
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00034-00011489-00011873 We acquired a resources at startup of the application and stored
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00035-00011873-00012080 them in some cash or vault.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00036-00012128-00012569 This can be, for example, a Singleton, we give the objects, access to these
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00037-00012569-00013031 already loaded resources and therefore they don't have to load it anymore.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00038-00013077-00013221 What are the consequences?
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00039-00013262-00013337 Of course.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00040-00013331-00013544 Resources must not be loaded later on.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00041-00013544-00013697 They are already acquired.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00042-00013759-00014263 We have no delay on using the resources, for example, in embedded devices or when
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00043-00014263-00014800 you have real-time constraints, You are demanding that loading the resources
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00044-00014803-00015019 always takes the same amount of time.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00045-00015019-00015094 Therefore.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00046-00015094-00015334 You require deterministic behavior.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00047-00015334-00015760 And with eager acquisition, you can guarantee this a problem here is that
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00048-00015760-00016018 resources of course, take up memory space.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00049-00016040-00016274 They have to be loaded and stored somewhere.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00050-00016301-00016775 So we are trading timing behavior by more memory demands.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00051-00016820-00017267 Another drawback is that the startup of the application maybe slow down
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00052-00017267-00017723 because the application has to wait for exclusive access to these resources.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00053-00017757-00017955 We could do this asynchronously.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00054-00017974-00018352 So the application can start up and the user can begin to work with
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00055-00018352-00018724 the application, but somewhere in time, this process has to stop.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00056-00018733-00019197 So this loading has to finish before we actually use the resources.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00057-00019353-00019413 Okay.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00058-00019413-00019848 So when you think of eager acquisition, think of these television cooks.
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00059-00019848-00020439 Who always say this famous quote, I've already prepared something or in German
gMDQRUxp8_Y-00060-00020484-00020678 "Ich hab da schon mal was vorbereitet".
gMQIRRaYZYy-00000-00000790-00002776 Peel the zucchini, potatoes, onion and coarse grate each one
gMQIRRaYZYy-00001-00003346-00004028 Season the zucchini and leave it for 1 hour to release their juices
gMQIRRaYZYy-00002-00004674-00005056 Drain them well and add the onion
gMQIRRaYZYy-00004-00018972-00019688 Gradually add the flour and the baking powder until you have a firm batter
gMQIRRaYZYy-00005-00020526-00022094 Shape in balls and powder them with flour
gMQIRRaYZYy-00006-00022794-00023516 Fry in hot oil and flip when golden
gMQIRRaYZYy-00007-00023956-00024818 When ready, place in absorbent paper
gMQIRRaYZYy-00008-00024962-00025692 If you want them baked, oil a parchment paper and place them
gMQIRRaYZYy-00009-00026502-00027145 Bake at 180 C until golden.
gpts-2AfxVo-00000-00001086-00001334 What's wup everybody! Welcome back to Redthorn's Gaming.
gpts-2AfxVo-00001-00001342-00001900 I've got something that I haven't done since the 16th of February
gpts-2AfxVo-00002-00001995-00002509 2019 and that would be castle siege here in Lineage 2: Revolution.
gpts-2AfxVo-00003-00002526-00003020 This will be number 11 in this series. Yes. I ended it on an even number
gpts-2AfxVo-00004-00003020-00003089 I thought it was good
gpts-2AfxVo-00005-00003089-00003529 and then I don't know I really didn't imagine I would ever do one of these again because
gpts-2AfxVo-00006-00003567-00003983 they got so political back in belicus and three back in star is
gpts-2AfxVo-00007-00004056-00004261 no point in doing it, but now
gpts-2AfxVo-00008-00004338-00004684 Today's Castle siege even though it's a three on one
gpts-2AfxVo-00009-00004782-00004928 Wasn't very political
gpts-2AfxVo-00010-00004928-00005115 I'm being told that the three
gpts-2AfxVo-00011-00005115-00005626 Clans and the three on one are actually going to participate we will find out if that's true or not
gpts-2AfxVo-00012-00005627-00006320 I know at least two will I don't know about the third. So let's get into it. Alright, so the client the the one
gpts-2AfxVo-00013-00006375-00006694 Versus the three would be this clan at number two
gpts-2AfxVo-00014-00006753-00007216 Transcendence at three hundred eleven point six million comment power for the clan
gpts-2AfxVo-00015-00007269-00007469 They are part of the party
gpts-2AfxVo-00016-00007509-00007670 alliance and
gpts-2AfxVo-00017-00007670-00008152 The three one of them is right here oblivion two hundred ninety-five
gpts-2AfxVo-00018-00008217-00008412 point nine eight
gpts-2AfxVo-00019-00008412-00008612 million combat power and
gpts-2AfxVo-00020-00008727-00009146 Then there's number ten Olympus two hundred sixty nine point eight and
gpts-2AfxVo-00021-00009285-00010028 The final one down here dead soul two hundred thirty-seven point 1 million combat power now
gpts-2AfxVo-00022-00010028-00010200 That's all FS
gpts-2AfxVo-00023-00010200-00010420 oblivion, they are part of
gpts-2AfxVo-00024-00010482-00011068 The tiny mother's clitoris alliance, that would be the TMC
gpts-2AfxVo-00025-00011178-00011975 Alliance let's see. What was paid. Alright, this is for gluteal Castle oblivion the current owner
gpts-2AfxVo-00026-00012093-00012743 Olympus 185 million five hundred fifty five in denim dead soul 113 million one hundred thirty
gpts-2AfxVo-00027-00012831-00013243 1313 denna and transcendence paid one hundred and twelve million won
gpts-2AfxVo-00028-00013390-00014016 11:112 a den afore the right to challenge and/or help defend oblivion for
gpts-2AfxVo-00029-00014080-00014838 This castle let's head into the battlefield. Okay, so this is oblivion in the blue on the top
gpts-2AfxVo-00030-00014941-00015127 one of the defenders
gpts-2AfxVo-00031-00015127-00015455 The others I guess you could say the others would be all attackers
gpts-2AfxVo-00032-00015456-00015872 But two are going to actually help oblivion life. And of course, I haven't done this and
gpts-2AfxVo-00033-00015969-00016683 Over a year so I don't remember much about this. I know there are two altar imprints. They are not the same buffs as
gpts-2AfxVo-00034-00016750-00017394 Fortress seeds, I think they're like attack speed and Caspian critical raid or something like instead of a just attack of Defense
gpts-2AfxVo-00035-00017394-00017769 I had something like that. I don't know who cares right of living
gpts-2AfxVo-00036-00017769-00018294 It's gonna give them the first couple of tries and then depending on how transcendence does
gpts-2AfxVo-00037-00018451-00018610 Will be
gpts-2AfxVo-00038-00018610-00019373 depending on how transcendence does let's see people are filtering in down here in the orange we have
gpts-2AfxVo-00039-00019525-00019952 Transcendence, they are the main attackers the only attackers
gpts-2AfxVo-00040-00020065-00020769 The whales of whales here as I'm being told a very hardcore will plan in the middle. We've got Olympus
gpts-2AfxVo-00041-00020920-00021170 Not as many people here
gpts-2AfxVo-00042-00021472-00021589 Menina
gpts-2AfxVo-00043-00021589-00021691 monena
gpts-2AfxVo-00044-00021691-00022196 Manini San Simon eNOS on whatever leader of Olympus not that it matters
gpts-2AfxVo-00045-00022225-00022482 So dead soul must be over here in the green
gpts-2AfxVo-00046-00022510-00023141 Yeah, right trying to find their leader. And this messes good luck to me right? I've never caught this plan
gpts-2AfxVo-00047-00023220-00023420 on record before
gpts-2AfxVo-00048-00023458-00023658 Wow, this is a case of siege
gpts-2AfxVo-00049-00023698-00023898 There's their leader. I
gpts-2AfxVo-00050-00024037-00024789 Can't see that Scherz Scherz something it's too many icons. People are saying that
gpts-2AfxVo-00051-00024951-00025199 Transcendence is going to win this gent simply because of
gpts-2AfxVo-00052-00025357-00025557 How much they've whale out
gpts-2AfxVo-00053-00025720-00026147 Okay, it's that's ten seconds before I'd be good
gpts-2AfxVo-00054-00026325-00026663 Good luck to all the teams five seconds before I begin
gpts-2AfxVo-00055-00026970-00027718 And here we go Castle siege number eleven, I'm not gonna say all these names
gpts-2AfxVo-00056-00028302-00028909 Beating the gate down beat the gate down who's gonna be the first out I have a feeling it's gonna be these people and
gpts-2AfxVo-00057-00029039-00029239 Wow, that's not a shocker
gpts-2AfxVo-00058-00029529-00030265 I'm lip, it's got out before dead soul. Did the dead okay dead souls out now. Everybody's out. Here we go
gpts-2AfxVo-00059-00030414-00030628 Everyone's gonna be beating on everyone now, this is fantastic
gpts-2AfxVo-00060-00030639-00031195 I'm sure of living in probably or allied with a little bit some dead salts if they couldn't kill each other
gpts-2AfxVo-00061-00031401-00031601 Which would make sense
gpts-2AfxVo-00062-00032108-00032626 Oblivion would love to keep this castle for their alliance
gpts-2AfxVo-00063-00032702-00033382 I'm not aware of what's going to happen if they were to happen to eliminate transcendence, but
gpts-2AfxVo-00064-00033522-00033722 this is
gpts-2AfxVo-00065-00033753-00034063 Missus each camp. Oh, that's right. You can knock out their siege camps
gpts-2AfxVo-00066-00034479-00034823 Luckily here in force, they're not going to want to be
gpts-2AfxVo-00067-00034932-00035132 eliminated this quickly
gpts-2AfxVo-00068-00035136-00035584 Yeah, I don't know if oblivion is gonna keep this if they're gonna hand it over to Olympus a dead soul. And who knows?
gpts-2AfxVo-00069-00035933-00036585 Transcendence has already got more kills than all three plans combined. That is phenomenal
gpts-2AfxVo-00070-00037597-00037797 There's just colors everywhere
gpts-2AfxVo-00071-00038158-00038735 All right Olympus is seach camp taking some damage there
gpts-2AfxVo-00072-00039106-00039306 Dead souls are still good and
gpts-2AfxVo-00073-00039565-00040140 Of course no I highly doubt anybody is going to get to transcendence --is speech camp
gpts-2AfxVo-00074-00040856-00041154 Boy that's gonna be kind of cheesy if they spend
gpts-2AfxVo-00075-00041288-00041488 30 minutes
gpts-2AfxVo-00076-00041566-00041766 Protecting their own siege camp
gpts-2AfxVo-00077-00042025-00042477 But at the same token that's actually not a bad idea because I mean once you get knocked out for instance
gpts-2AfxVo-00078-00042478-00042678 It's just gonna steamroll oblivion
gpts-2AfxVo-00079-00043871-00044146 Fanciness doesn't even care about these defense towers
gpts-2AfxVo-00080-00044188-00044616 Right now because they know they're gonna crush them if they can knock out these other two plans
gpts-2AfxVo-00081-00045238-00045489 Oh, wow looks like everyone's going up
gpts-2AfxVo-00082-00045680-00046263 Not even four minutes into this fight and the game is already crashed once I guess there's too much going on
gpts-2AfxVo-00083-00046478-00046750 But as I was saying there was a bunch of people
gpts-2AfxVo-00084-00046808-00047088 Lots of colors all trying to go back to transcendence
gpts-2AfxVo-00085-00047089-00047755 This is exactly what TMC would like to see is just keeping them in their area
gpts-2AfxVo-00086-00048095-00048445 And then looking at transcendence and siege camp has taken some damage
gpts-2AfxVo-00087-00049283-00049702 That makes me wonder how many more times this is going to crash
gpts-2AfxVo-00088-00050934-00051288 a crash when I was switching over to
gpts-2AfxVo-00089-00052186-00052874 Transcendence on the defense now, they just can't get out of their spawn area that would selling them do a little bit
gpts-2AfxVo-00090-00053568-00053900 I'm limpets this each camp about half dead
gpts-2AfxVo-00091-00054888-00055055 Over half dead now
gpts-2AfxVo-00092-00055055-00055421 They're just gonna Whittle that down. There's no way Olympus is gonna survive this if
gpts-2AfxVo-00093-00055515-00055715 EMC can't throw everything at
gpts-2AfxVo-00094-00055794-00056222 Transcendence right now they have to because it let this is not. I mean they're just they're knocking it down
gpts-2AfxVo-00095-00056622-00057145 Like they don't even care about that, so that's all a sliver has been taken off
gpts-2AfxVo-00096-00061750-00061950 Ah, okay
gpts-2AfxVo-00097-00062550-00063102 I had a good idea. I guess they were dying too much. So I
gpts-2AfxVo-00098-00063469-00063755 Mean I would literally just throw bodies
gpts-2AfxVo-00099-00063850-00064395 Down this until you can get somebody to come in and do just a little bit of damage to this camp
gpts-2AfxVo-00100-00064465-00064886 You don't have to do a lot just oh, oh, wow. That was a big chunk right there
gpts-2AfxVo-00101-00064945-00065267 As I was saying you don't have to do a lot, but it's great if you do
gpts-2AfxVo-00102-00065458-00065831 But just do little slivers here and there you got 30 minutes to wear them down
gpts-2AfxVo-00103-00066190-00066524 Obviously leave a few behind protect your siege camp
gpts-2AfxVo-00104-00066891-00067091 Hope it's under attack again
gpts-2AfxVo-00105-00068332-00068532 Wow
gpts-2AfxVo-00106-00069457-00069980 This okay, let's head on over to Olympus I see some orange over there
gpts-2AfxVo-00107-00070432-00070632 Oops
gpts-2AfxVo-00108-00070768-00071364 Olympus's that's the last thing that they need right now. Somebody is beating the crap out of this crystal the siege camp
gpts-2AfxVo-00109-00071524-00071724 They need to do a better job of defending
gpts-2AfxVo-00110-00074295-00074495 Hmm
gpts-2AfxVo-00111-00074568-00074912 Yeah, there there I have a feeling Olympus is just
gpts-2AfxVo-00112-00074967-00075538 about to be taken out and when that happens this I believe this this game is over with
gpts-2AfxVo-00113-00075822-00076301 I mean this siege camp is almost done. They can't stop them from
gpts-2AfxVo-00114-00076531-00077051 There allowing them to come on down here instead of trying to stop them somewhere up here
gpts-2AfxVo-00115-00077371-00077571 You got a choke point right here
gpts-2AfxVo-00116-00078222-00078497 Oh Oh
gpts-2AfxVo-00117-00079087-00079425 An olympus has been eliminated
gpts-2AfxVo-00118-00079567-00079932 Now transcendence is going to go on the offense. No doubt
gpts-2AfxVo-00119-00080059-00080519 Dead soul doesn't have the combat power to take on
gpts-2AfxVo-00120-00080686-00080886 Transcendence
gpts-2AfxVo-00121-00080887-00081120 What they did they did pretty well against
gpts-2AfxVo-00122-00081250-00081542 Transcendence as headquarters got almost halfway dead
gpts-2AfxVo-00123-00081682-00081882 Not too shabby
gpts-2AfxVo-00124-00083529-00084002 The only thing I'm living in and death toll can now attempt to do is its keep them contained
gpts-2AfxVo-00125-00084240-00084448 But I just don't see that happening I
gpts-2AfxVo-00126-00085053-00085253 Guess I could
gpts-2AfxVo-00127-00085302-00085768 But dead souls headquarters is under attack now they're just gonna do the same thing to deadlock
gpts-2AfxVo-00128-00085872-00086327 All right, second crash of the evening apparently cast a siege. It's more bugs than fortress siege
gpts-2AfxVo-00129-00086364-00086818 Maybe this is why I never did Castle siege anymore, though. I don't remember their castle siege
gpts-2AfxVo-00130-00086988-00087188 Being bugged like this
gpts-2AfxVo-00131-00087447-00087710 But their transcendence is gonna walk all over dead soul
gpts-2AfxVo-00132-00088481-00088681 Unfortunately
gpts-2AfxVo-00133-00091141-00091341 It sure is I
gpts-2AfxVo-00134-00091422-00092081 Don't know what I was seeing before it shares leader of and sentence for this particular battle
gpts-2AfxVo-00135-00095338-00095751 Yeah, they don't even care about these defensive towers, why should they
gpts-2AfxVo-00136-00095914-00096479 Let's see, it's like it's either the map or it's the moving around
gpts-2AfxVo-00137-00096655-00096999 Using the waypoints is what's causing this this game to crash
gpts-2AfxVo-00138-00097267-00097875 Living is here trying to trying to contain but some transcendence are slipping through
gpts-2AfxVo-00139-00100108-00100743 The altar of fire has been transcendence already has over almost 1100 kills
gpts-2AfxVo-00140-00101129-00101461 And the other three clans aren't even close what it what's up with that
gpts-2AfxVo-00141-00103205-00103405 Leader of debts aldair. Jessimae
gpts-2AfxVo-00142-00103577-00103968 And we're following Sunday here who's just moving along in a little penguin
gpts-2AfxVo-00143-00104158-00104358 Suit
gpts-2AfxVo-00144-00104668-00104952 It's unfortunate that I have to do this because it seems like
gpts-2AfxVo-00145-00105227-00105730 We're about to see the end of dead soul and then they're gonna just push their way out
gpts-2AfxVo-00146-00106854-00107054 You almost got it
gpts-2AfxVo-00147-00108183-00108848 And that's all has now been eliminated now we had a 1vs1
gpts-2AfxVo-00148-00109388-00109831 It took transcendence roughly a little under 15 minutes to make that happen
gpts-2AfxVo-00149-00109892-00110230 But I have a feeling that this is the end right here
gpts-2AfxVo-00150-00110748-00111034 We are halfway through this castle siege
gpts-2AfxVo-00151-00111258-00111458 Transcendence has taken out
gpts-2AfxVo-00152-00111594-00111934 Two of the camps down below
gpts-2AfxVo-00153-00113777-00114237 That main gate left defense tower, they took a little beating there
gpts-2AfxVo-00154-00114975-00115361 I'll look they're still trying to go ahead to transcend this the siege headquarters. That is fantastic
gpts-2AfxVo-00155-00115582-00116153 Wouldn't that be hilarious if they were able to actually eliminate transcendence
gpts-2AfxVo-00156-00116676-00116921 It wouldn't be plenty for transcendence that's for sure. Oh
gpts-2AfxVo-00157-00117433-00117633 Wow
gpts-2AfxVo-00158-00117789-00117989 Wow
gpts-2AfxVo-00159-00118246-00118623 But oblivion would love to get that down to nothing obviously
gpts-2AfxVo-00160-00118776-00119057 Are they going to be able to do that though?
gpts-2AfxVo-00161-00120561-00121326 One of the main gate defense towers has been taken down and there goes the main gate
gpts-2AfxVo-00162-00122914-00123350 13 minutes remaining in this battle too much time
gpts-2AfxVo-00163-00127674-00128267 Didn't seem like a whole heck of a lot was done to it. Oh here comes an oblivion trying to do some damage
gpts-2AfxVo-00164-00128451-00129002 Slivers slip through slip through and just do slivers of damage, but do it quickly
gpts-2AfxVo-00165-00129984-00130184 I
gpts-2AfxVo-00166-00131011-00131436 Don't want to use the map kissee leader of oblivion
gpts-2AfxVo-00167-00132754-00132984 Okay, I'm really sure what's going on there
gpts-2AfxVo-00168-00134329-00134861 Let's go snuck in there 11 minutes remaining in this battle
gpts-2AfxVo-00169-00135721-00136323 And I go is the gate to the Tower of fire altar of fire
gpts-2AfxVo-00170-00136861-00137061 Not letting me in there we go
gpts-2AfxVo-00171-00137328-00137691 a couple of defenders there
gpts-2AfxVo-00172-00139363-00139728 Has been destroyed the altar of fire has been reset
gpts-2AfxVo-00173-00141061-00141261 Two thirds of the way through this battle
gpts-2AfxVo-00174-00142579-00142793 Transcendence started imprinting
gpts-2AfxVo-00175-00143311-00143511 Snuck through the gates
gpts-2AfxVo-00176-00144115-00144313 Now I am underwear
gpts-2AfxVo-00177-00144313-00144747 Because this is not for two seeds. I don't if they get a couple of seconds
gpts-2AfxVo-00178-00144826-00145245 Holy artifact imprint time but this fight goes the distance. I'm unaware if
gpts-2AfxVo-00179-00145310-00145465 if
gpts-2AfxVo-00180-00145465-00145683 Transcendence will actually take the castle or not
gpts-2AfxVo-00181-00146798-00146998 You might find out nine minutes though
gpts-2AfxVo-00182-00149050-00149453 It sure's try to get a something going on there
gpts-2AfxVo-00183-00152012-00152212 I'm gonna take a chance here
gpts-2AfxVo-00184-00152783-00153511 It shows them that there they're attacking it but I guess it's just not really getting much else done here
gpts-2AfxVo-00185-00154133-00154522 They got decently close to knocking out transcendence, we'll give them that and they're still trying
gpts-2AfxVo-00186-00158509-00159167 And sentence not even trying to go through all the gates they are just coming around the one side
gpts-2AfxVo-00187-00160416-00161141 There's a pretty pretty good chance I'm gonna find out the answer to my question. Oh man sentence getting the altar
gpts-2AfxVo-00188-00161302-00161502 Of fire
gpts-2AfxVo-00189-00163694-00163894 Well, I got the 20 seconds
gpts-2AfxVo-00190-00164144-00164473 15 seconds, here's transcendence enforce
gpts-2AfxVo-00191-00164723-00164923 How they manage to interrupt them
gpts-2AfxVo-00192-00165778-00165987 Started fails started fails started failed
gpts-2AfxVo-00193-00166402-00166852 Holy artifact failed to imprint the holy artifact started imprinting
gpts-2AfxVo-00194-00167156-00167356 That is hilarious
gpts-2AfxVo-00195-00168260-00168795 Unfortunately at the run I truly believe it's it's a bug with the map the map of the waypoints are both
gpts-2AfxVo-00196-00169189-00169473 And the battle going on over here for the altar of water
gpts-2AfxVo-00197-00170728-00171018 We have five minutes remaining in this battle
gpts-2AfxVo-00198-00171895-00172260 And transcendence now has both alters
gpts-2AfxVo-00199-00172918-00173273 If I pat on the back to oblivion for lasting this long
gpts-2AfxVo-00200-00173677-00174291 But transcendence is gonna come hard now. Oh, yeah, they just went up there and just cleared house
gpts-2AfxVo-00201-00174988-00175314 Fifteen seconds remaining. Oh they got interrupted Wow
gpts-2AfxVo-00202-00175486-00176009 Look there goes oblivion and that's the problem transcendence has to start all the way down at the bottom, right?
gpts-2AfxVo-00203-00176119-00176287 whereas oblivion
gpts-2AfxVo-00204-00176287-00176747 They can start, you know, boom right around right all over here
gpts-2AfxVo-00205-00176809-00177302 That's their holding area bow and they just spawn and run out and run up here
gpts-2AfxVo-00206-00179132-00179371 The altar of fire has been reset
gpts-2AfxVo-00207-00180780-00181189 There you go waste their time a little bit and then I
gpts-2AfxVo-00208-00181371-00181705 Mean a little bit not a lot. Oh
gpts-2AfxVo-00209-00182157-00182357 Good interruption there
gpts-2AfxVo-00210-00183149-00183924 You're under three minutes remaining under three minutes from finding out it transcendence is gonna win this
gpts-2AfxVo-00211-00184252-00184950 The holy artifact in print time or by full holy artifact imprinting I
gpts-2AfxVo-00212-00185234-00185584 Would love for this to go to zero so I like to find out
gpts-2AfxVo-00213-00185771-00185971 Transcendence can win this
gpts-2AfxVo-00214-00186091-00186444 Just from calving. Holy artifact imprint time. I would love for that to happen
gpts-2AfxVo-00215-00186811-00187083 Time to knuckle up there oblivion if you want to stop them
gpts-2AfxVo-00216-00187711-00187911 So much time left though
gpts-2AfxVo-00217-00188792-00188992 Two minutes remaining
gpts-2AfxVo-00218-00190464-00190664 Well if I recall correctly
gpts-2AfxVo-00219-00190740-00190940 There are
gpts-2AfxVo-00220-00191028-00191362 Four things of stats I have to scroll through
gpts-2AfxVo-00221-00191712-00191912 In 90 seconds
gpts-2AfxVo-00222-00192102-00192343 Ten oblivion actually survived I
gpts-2AfxVo-00223-00192489-00193207 Don't see why they can't I think they they're not that far behind in combat power versus transcendence
gpts-2AfxVo-00224-00194146-00194556 1670 plus skills versus what you see here on your board
gpts-2AfxVo-00225-00194833-00195033 60 seconds remaining in this battle
gpts-2AfxVo-00226-00195130-00195858 Can oblivion hold them off does it matter if they hold them off? Does it have to be a full imprint in order to win?
gpts-2AfxVo-00227-00196354-00196659 20 seconds remaining til transcendence wins this battle
gpts-2AfxVo-00228-00196873-00197430 15 seconds come on oblivion. You got it. You got to get up there and stop him ten seconds
gpts-2AfxVo-00229-00197657-00197857 Six seconds raining OH
gpts-2AfxVo-00230-00198385-00199122 Congratulations to transcendence for ticking the colonial castle away from oblivion at the
gpts-2AfxVo-00231-00199153-00199566 Final seconds of this battle. That is fantastic. Here. Are your stats? Oh
gpts-2AfxVo-00232-00199621-00200133 Man, Wow Bolivian you had it you had it and then you didn't
gpts-2AfxVo-00233-00200227-00200427 Not too shabby
gpts-2AfxVo-00234-00200530-00201006 You were close on eliminating transcendence and you were close on us
gpts-2AfxVo-00235-00201032-00201411 Finding out if they had a fully imprint or not for the wind
gpts-2AfxVo-00236-00201470-00201981 There's the stats for oblivion and there's the stats for a transcendence
gpts-2AfxVo-00237-00202232-00202797 All right, there's no way I'm going to get through all this and the short amount of time I
gpts-2AfxVo-00238-00202954-00203163 Don't well, there's your stats for Olympus
gpts-2AfxVo-00239-00203420-00203766 Congratulations to Elmo for taking number 1 I'm gonna speed race through this
gpts-2AfxVo-00240-00203878-00204204 Not like there's a whole heck. There's a lot of dashes. They're all right there your stats
gpts-2AfxVo-00241-00204672-00205294 Okay, not too shabby, let's see what happened with the rest of the insanity well the rest I think there's only something else
gpts-2AfxVo-00242-00205476-00205626 Dynasty won.
gpts-2AfxVo-00243-00205627-00206058 Dion I don't know if that was political or if they actually won one and congratulations to
gpts-2AfxVo-00244-00206098-00206837 Transcendence for winning Gludio Castle. Don't forget to like, subscribe and share this video and hit me up on
gpts-2AfxVo-00245-00206991-00207518 Discord or Tumblr. Thanks so much for watching and I will see you again.
gOacEij2UqI-00000-00000093-00000210 WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE.
gOacEij2UqI-00001-00000210-00000393 HERE'S WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND YOUR NAVY.
gOacEij2UqI-00002-00000443-00000674 JUST IN TIME FOR THE HOLIDAYS THE NAVY RELEASED
gOacEij2UqI-00003-00000674-00001181 NAVADMIN 283/16, OUTLINING THE IMMEDIATE RESTORATION
gOacEij2UqI-00004-00001181-00001317 OF ENLISTED RATES.
gOacEij2UqI-00005-00001317-00001421 HAPPY HOLIDAYS NAVY
gOacEij2UqI-00006-00001518-00001751 THE NAVY TEST PILOT SCHOOL SELECTION BOARD WILL
gOacEij2UqI-00007-00001751-00001835 CONVENE FEB.
gOacEij2UqI-00008-00001835-00001981 15, 2017.
gOacEij2UqI-00009-00002038-00002252 THE BOARD WILL SELECT HIGHLY QUALIFIED NAVAL
gOacEij2UqI-00010-00002252-00002539 AVIATORS AND NAVAL FLIGHT OFFICERS FOR THE SCHOOL.
gOacEij2UqI-00011-00002539-00002856 APPLICANTS MUST SUBMIT AN APPLICATION AS OUTLINED IN
gOacEij2UqI-00012-00002856-00002962 BUPERS INSTRUCTION 1500.62B.
gOacEij2UqI-00013-00002962-00003299 THE DEADLINE FOR APPLICATIONS IS JANUARY
gOacEij2UqI-00014-00003299-00003496 16, 2017.
gOacEij2UqI-00015-00003496-00003923 OUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH PEERS AND LOVED ONES CAN
gOacEij2UqI-00016-00003923-00004204 BE PROTECTIVE FACTORS DURING CHALLENGING TIMES,
gOacEij2UqI-00017-00004204-00004427 PROVIDING A SENSE OF COMMUNITY, HOPE AND
gOacEij2UqI-00018-00004427-00004494 PURPOSE.
gOacEij2UqI-00019-00004547-00004854 TAKE A MOMENT TO ASK YOUR FRIENDS, FAMILY AND
gOacEij2UqI-00020-00004854-00005135 SHIPMATES HOW THEY ARE DOING AND ACTIVELY LISTEN.
gOacEij2UqI-00021-00005135-00005402 TO FIND OUT MORE, VISIT THE FITMAS WEBSITE.
gOacEij2UqI-00022-00005472-00005622 YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND
gOacEij2UqI-00023-00005622-00005779 YOUR NAVY AT NAVY.MIL.
gRgkabrcPgI-00000-00000071-00000391 Hi, and welcome to the screencast on how to compute limits of functions
gRgkabrcPgI-00001-00000391-00000557 using tables.
gRgkabrcPgI-00002-00000557-00000762 We've already discussed the concept of the limits,
gRgkabrcPgI-00003-00000762-00001346 specifically we say that a function f of x has a limit l as x approaches a,
gRgkabrcPgI-00004-00001346-00001825 if the values of f of x approach l as x approaches a.
gRgkabrcPgI-00005-00001825-00002180 We've seen how to determine if a function has a limit using a graph, or
gRgkabrcPgI-00006-00002180-00002334 using a graphing tool.
gRgkabrcPgI-00007-00002334-00002675 Let's look at the same problem from a different point of view using tables of
gRgkabrcPgI-00008-00002675-00002925 miracle data instead.
gRgkabrcPgI-00009-00002925-00003325 So for our example let's look at a function f of x equals two to the x power
gRgkabrcPgI-00010-00003325-00003522 minus 1 divided by x.
gRgkabrcPgI-00011-00003522-00003911 And let's determine if f has a limit as x approaches 0.
gRgkabrcPgI-00012-00003911-00004400 As with previous examples, note that f does not exist at x equals 0 because
gRgkabrcPgI-00013-00004400-00004859 substituting x equals 0 into my formula would lead to division by 0.
gRgkabrcPgI-00014-00004859-00005285 But this doesn't tell us that the limit as x approaches 0 fails to exist.
gRgkabrcPgI-00015-00005285-00005532 It might exist and it might not exist.
gRgkabrcPgI-00016-00005532-00005973 We need to see what f of x does as x approaches or gets closer and
gRgkabrcPgI-00017-00005973-00006309 closer to 0 before we can make that determination.
gRgkabrcPgI-00018-00006309-00006527 First of all, let's have you do a little reviewing.
gRgkabrcPgI-00019-00006527-00006928 Take your graphing tool, whether it's GeoGebra or a graphing calculator or
gRgkabrcPgI-00020-00006928-00007039 something else, and
gRgkabrcPgI-00021-00007039-00007405 I want you to plot a graph of this function to the x minus 1 divided by x.
gRgkabrcPgI-00022-00007405-00007813 And make sure that you can see the functions graph around x equals 0.
gRgkabrcPgI-00023-00007813-00008259 Once you've done this, come back and answer the following multiple choice
gRgkabrcPgI-00024-00008259-00008615 question about the value of the limit of f as x approaches 0.
gRgkabrcPgI-00025-00008615-00008823 So pause the video, go make your graph,
gRgkabrcPgI-00026-00008823-00009069 then choose what you think is the right answer.
gRgkabrcPgI-00027-00009069-00009493 And then come back and unpause the video to continue.
gRgkabrcPgI-00028-00009493-00009684 So the correct answer here is b.
gRgkabrcPgI-00029-00009684-00010283 The limit of f as x approaches 0 does exist and it's somewhere between 0 and 1.
gRgkabrcPgI-00030-00010283-00010478 Here's a graph that should tell us that.
gRgkabrcPgI-00031-00010478-00010928 Although the graph should technically have a hole in it right here at x equals 0,
gRgkabrcPgI-00032-00010928-00011351 as x approaches 0, the function is converging on a single output value from
gRgkabrcPgI-00033-00011351-00011799 both the left and the right, and pretty clearly this value is between 0 and 1.
gRgkabrcPgI-00034-00011799-00012028 However, what is that value exactly?
gRgkabrcPgI-00035-00012028-00012405 From this picture it's a little hard to say what the limit actually equals.
gRgkabrcPgI-00036-00012405-00012770 You might guess around two-thirds or three-fourths, but without zooming in
gRgkabrcPgI-00037-00012770-00013146 further on the graphs it's difficult to say exactly what the limit equals,
gRgkabrcPgI-00038-00013146-00013365 we can only see that it exists.
gRgkabrcPgI-00039-00013365-00013737 So this example reveals sort of a downside to determining limits through
gRgkabrcPgI-00040-00013737-00013835 graphical means.
gRgkabrcPgI-00041-00013835-00014099 It's quite often easy to tell if a limit exists but
gRgkabrcPgI-00042-00014099-00014576 it's not always straightforward to tell what the value of that limit actually is.
gRgkabrcPgI-00043-00014576-00014869 So let's think about limits not from a graphical point of view
gRgkabrcPgI-00044-00014869-00015128 where the value of the limit might be hard to tell, but
gRgkabrcPgI-00045-00015128-00015547 from a numerical point of view where it might be a little bit easier.
gRgkabrcPgI-00046-00015547-00015937 So we've already determined that this function 2 to the x minus 1 divided by x
gRgkabrcPgI-00047-00015937-00016133 has a limit as x approaches 0.
gRgkabrcPgI-00048-00016133-00016455 But the thing is that we don't really know exactly what it is.
gRgkabrcPgI-00049-00016455-00016621 It's kind of hard to even guess what it is.
gRgkabrcPgI-00050-00016621-00016988 So what we're going to do here is instead of using graphs, which have some inherit
gRgkabrcPgI-00051-00016988-00017395 inaccuracies in them because of the way that we see things, we're going to create
gRgkabrcPgI-00052-00017395-00017852 two tables of data instead that do the same thing that the graph is doing.
gRgkabrcPgI-00053-00017852-00018331 Namely I've got two tables here, one for x approaching 0 from the left, the other for
gRgkabrcPgI-00054-00018331-00018519 x approaching 0 from the right.
gRgkabrcPgI-00055-00018519-00018864 And we're just going to calculate the values of f of x at these
gRgkabrcPgI-00056-00018864-00019384 values of x that are approaching 0 and see what the values of f of x are approaching.
gRgkabrcPgI-00057-00019384-00019761 So this is just a matter of making several repeated calculations for
gRgkabrcPgI-00058-00019761-00020175 values of x that are approaching but never quite equal to 0.
gRgkabrcPgI-00059-00020175-00020454 I'm gonna do one of these and then we'll jump to the answers here,
gRgkabrcPgI-00060-00020454-00020692 because all the calculations are basically the same.
gRgkabrcPgI-00061-00020692-00021066 So let's start here on the left where we have x approaching 0 from the left.
gRgkabrcPgI-00062-00021066-00021439 And let's just pick a point that's sort of kind of close to 0 but
gRgkabrcPgI-00063-00021439-00021924 not right on top of that, but not too far away either, namely x equals negative 1.
gRgkabrcPgI-00064-00021924-00022415 Now if you compute f of negative 1, f of negative 1,
gRgkabrcPgI-00065-00022415-00022931 it will be 2 to the minus 1, minus 1 over negative 1.
gRgkabrcPgI-00066-00022931-00023353 And that turns out to be positive 0.5.
gRgkabrcPgI-00067-00023353-00023803 Okay, that gives us no information about what the limit as x approaches 0 of
gRgkabrcPgI-00068-00023803-00023981 this function actually is.
gRgkabrcPgI-00069-00023981-00024194 We really need to fill out this entire table here,
gRgkabrcPgI-00070-00024194-00024459 maybe even more entries than are in the table.
gRgkabrcPgI-00071-00024459-00025126 If I go to x equals negative 0.5, I would do a similar calculation and
gRgkabrcPgI-00072-00025126-00025538 the result comes out to be 0.58579.
gRgkabrcPgI-00073-00025538-00025906 Still can't tell exactly what that limit is approaching, it's a little hard to say.
gRgkabrcPgI-00074-00025906-00026301 So let's go one step farther to negative 0.1.
gRgkabrcPgI-00075-00026301-00026607 So much closer to 0 now, and
gRgkabrcPgI-00076-00026607-00027079 our result comes out to be 0.66967.
gRgkabrcPgI-00077-00027079-00027726 If I go to negative 0.1 that's 0.69075.
gRgkabrcPgI-00078-00027726-00028245 So notice that the outputs here have stabilized at the tenths place.
gRgkabrcPgI-00079-00028245-00028548 So, I believe that the limit, as x approaches 0,
gRgkabrcPgI-00080-00028548-00028961 at least coming from the left is going to be 0.6 something.
gRgkabrcPgI-00081-00028961-00029255 I'm gonna pause the video for a second and go off and calculate all the x
gRgkabrcPgI-00082-00029255-00029655 values that are approaching 0 from the right, and we'll be right back.
gRgkabrcPgI-00083-00029655-00030120 Okay, and so here are the values of f of x as x approaches 0 from the right.
gRgkabrcPgI-00084-00030120-00030574 Now these two values here that are just a hundredth of a unit away from 0,
gRgkabrcPgI-00085-00030574-00030831 you can begin to see they are converting toward the same value.
gRgkabrcPgI-00086-00030831-00031141 Something around 0.69.
gRgkabrcPgI-00087-00031141-00031611 So whereas we already knew that the limit as x approaches 0 of this function exists,
gRgkabrcPgI-00088-00031611-00032027 with a table approach to calculating the limit we can see a little bit better
gRgkabrcPgI-00089-00032027-00032327 picture of what the limit actually is going to equal.
gRgkabrcPgI-00090-00032327-00032596 Maybe something around 0.69.
gRgkabrcPgI-00091-00032596-00032917 Now if we wanted even further accuracy here,
gRgkabrcPgI-00092-00032917-00033508 we should probably make a really large table that goes to say x equals 0.001 and
gRgkabrcPgI-00093-00033508-00033771 maybe even many more 0s after that.
gRgkabrcPgI-00094-00033771-00033918 That begins to get very tedious.
gRgkabrcPgI-00095-00033918-00034348 And so let's switch over to a great tool for us to use here in calculus and
gRgkabrcPgI-00096-00034348-00034572 that is the spreadsheet.
gRgkabrcPgI-00097-00034572-00034759 And since this video is already at six minutes,
gRgkabrcPgI-00098-00034759-00034987 we're gonna make that into a separate screencast.
gRgkabrcPgI-00099-00034987-00035713 So stay tuned.
gSNDnLb62ru-00000-00000000-00000050 welcome to rkonline
gTwAi2zOxNo-00000-00000000-00000450 On the next all new season of S૯ƿtɿc૯yegΛm૯r TV
gTwAi2zOxNo-00001-00002264-00002858 S૯ƿtɿc૯yegΛm૯r TV, This Friday, on your S૯ƿtɿc Swim
gW9xJWG6pfI-00000-00000011-00000963 you know I think we need to work some
gW9xJWG6pfI-00001-00000237-00001098 things out and once we do this is what
gW9xJWG6pfI-00002-00000963-00001470 your relationship looks like between
gW9xJWG6pfI-00003-00001098-00002721 Trisha Paytas and jason nash run run for
gW9xJWG6pfI-00004-00001470-00002913 the hills everybody this is Chris from
gW9xJWG6pfI-00005-00002721-00003159 the rewired soul where we talk about the
gW9xJWG6pfI-00006-00002913-00003446 problem but focus on the solution any
gW9xJWG6pfI-00007-00003159-00003768 case you missed it just started a twitch
gW9xJWG6pfI-00008-00003446-00003978 channel anything of my videos over there
gW9xJWG6pfI-00009-00003768-00004167 so I could talk to you while I edit so
gW9xJWG6pfI-00010-00003978-00004439 today I'm gonna actually be editing this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00011-00004167-00004677 video I'm gonna be talking to all the
gW9xJWG6pfI-00012-00004439-00004878 viewers about toxic relationships
gW9xJWG6pfI-00013-00004677-00005105 borderline personality disorder and all
gW9xJWG6pfI-00014-00004878-00005312 sorts of stuff so make sure you go
gW9xJWG6pfI-00015-00005105-00005793 follow me on Twitch alright anyways
gW9xJWG6pfI-00016-00005312-00006185 before I get started obviously I don't
gW9xJWG6pfI-00017-00005793-00006437 treat either so I cannot give her a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00018-00006185-00006711 diagnosis of BPD so borderline
gW9xJWG6pfI-00019-00006437-00006876 personality disorder is a disorder that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00020-00006711-00007083 many people struggle with who had a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00021-00006876-00007317 rough childhood whether it was emotional
gW9xJWG6pfI-00022-00007083-00007611 abuse or just any kind of trauma in
gW9xJWG6pfI-00023-00007317-00007758 their life personality disorder and this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00024-00007611-00007929 kind of like I love you I hate your
gW9xJWG6pfI-00025-00007758-00008331 relationship with a lot of people so
gW9xJWG6pfI-00026-00007929-00008445 like just watching Trisha and Jason I'm
gW9xJWG6pfI-00027-00008331-00008640 like oh my god
gW9xJWG6pfI-00028-00008445-00008796 Trisha shows some of these signs so
gW9xJWG6pfI-00029-00008640-00009036 we're gonna talk about this and what
gW9xJWG6pfI-00030-00008796-00009204 it's like dating somebody with BPD and I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00031-00009036-00009342 guess I'll start this video out too by
gW9xJWG6pfI-00032-00009204-00009606 saying like this is a very unpopular
gW9xJWG6pfI-00033-00009342-00009807 opinion but if you are struggling with
gW9xJWG6pfI-00034-00009606-00010167 your mental health like in a severe way
gW9xJWG6pfI-00035-00009807-00010434 do not date like go fix yourself then go
gW9xJWG6pfI-00036-00010167-00010656 back to dating like it is unfair to the
gW9xJWG6pfI-00037-00010434-00010953 other person to bring them into that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00038-00010656-00011121 mess I say that as somebody who had to
gW9xJWG6pfI-00039-00010953-00011361 stay single for over a year and a half
gW9xJWG6pfI-00040-00011121-00011595 while I worked on myself I realized that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00041-00011361-00011925 it was selfish to bring somebody into
gW9xJWG6pfI-00042-00011595-00012177 this well I am still a complete mess but
gW9xJWG6pfI-00043-00011925-00012350 as I started to work on myself then I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00044-00012177-00012564 was able to go out and date and not be
gW9xJWG6pfI-00045-00012350-00012774 so selfish self-centered and pretty much
gW9xJWG6pfI-00046-00012564-00012930 emotionally abused the other person and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00047-00012774-00013220 stay tuned to this video because I'm
gW9xJWG6pfI-00048-00012930-00013297 going to use jason nash and Trisha
gW9xJWG6pfI-00049-00013220-00013522 Paytas Isreal
gW9xJWG6pfI-00050-00013297-00013754 ship and talk about some of my own
gW9xJWG6pfI-00051-00013522-00013912 personal experiences with this stuff
gW9xJWG6pfI-00052-00013754-00014093 alright so anyways
gW9xJWG6pfI-00053-00013912-00014300 Jason Nash just released a video like
gW9xJWG6pfI-00054-00014093-00014694 why attrition hasn't been in my videos
gW9xJWG6pfI-00055-00014300-00014694 lately right it's like a 20 minute video
gW9xJWG6pfI-00056-00014709-00015308 you know whatever and oh my god I will
gW9xJWG6pfI-00057-00015154-00015631 link this down in the description below
gW9xJWG6pfI-00058-00015308-00015872 but like whether you are single or in a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00059-00015631-00016051 relationship like save this video put it
gW9xJWG6pfI-00060-00015872-00016376 in a play right somewhere like watch
gW9xJWG6pfI-00061-00016051-00016679 this video this is the definition of a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00062-00016376-00016876 toxic relationship like I am blown away
gW9xJWG6pfI-00063-00016679-00017141 that this whole thing was recorded I'm
gW9xJWG6pfI-00064-00016876-00017273 wondering how much was edited out but
gW9xJWG6pfI-00065-00017141-00017473 that's one of the reasons I enjoy
gW9xJWG6pfI-00066-00017273-00017720 YouTube is because we could take these
gW9xJWG6pfI-00067-00017473-00017903 very real situations and then discuss
gW9xJWG6pfI-00068-00017720-00018073 them and hopefully like my purpose of
gW9xJWG6pfI-00069-00017903-00018281 this channel is to help you with your
gW9xJWG6pfI-00070-00018073-00018962 mental health and relationships can be
gW9xJWG6pfI-00071-00018281-00019084 oh so toxic one of the things that will
gW9xJWG6pfI-00072-00018962-00019285 point out from that clip that I just
gW9xJWG6pfI-00073-00019084-00019544 showed you is like Trisha is very
gW9xJWG6pfI-00074-00019285-00019657 emotionally abusive now I will say this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00075-00019544-00019810 and throughout this video because I'm
gW9xJWG6pfI-00076-00019657-00019960 probably only gonna say it once like let
gW9xJWG6pfI-00077-00019810-00020213 me let me just make this very clear
gW9xJWG6pfI-00078-00019960-00020366 like I don't look at people with mental
gW9xJWG6pfI-00079-00020213-00020563 illnesses like BPD or anything like that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00080-00020366-00020731 as bad people they're just struggling
gW9xJWG6pfI-00081-00020563-00020816 with their mental health and they need
gW9xJWG6pfI-00082-00020731-00021082 to go get help
gW9xJWG6pfI-00083-00020816-00021326 so like emotional abuse isn't always
gW9xJWG6pfI-00084-00021082-00021503 just the person is purely evil they have
gW9xJWG6pfI-00085-00021326-00021688 some stuff that they need to work on I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00086-00021503-00021859 used to be a terrible person until I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00087-00021688-00022070 started working on my mental health but
gW9xJWG6pfI-00088-00021859-00022363 anyways going back to Trisha is
gW9xJWG6pfI-00089-00022070-00022715 emotionally abusive like you can see how
gW9xJWG6pfI-00090-00022363-00023059 she says like I'm not upset I'm not
gW9xJWG6pfI-00091-00022715-00023279 angry I love you but then she just goes
gW9xJWG6pfI-00092-00023059-00023501 in and berate him throughout this video
gW9xJWG6pfI-00093-00023279-00023729 to like I'm focusing on Trisha but if
gW9xJWG6pfI-00094-00023501-00024001 you watch this video like Jason is just
gW9xJWG6pfI-00095-00023729-00024170 broken he is broken and I don't think
gW9xJWG6pfI-00096-00024001-00024341 that Jason should be dating either I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00097-00024170-00024451 talked about this in my previous video
gW9xJWG6pfI-00098-00024341-00024662 about them breaking up and getting back
gW9xJWG6pfI-00099-00024451-00024901 together but Jason is not put together
gW9xJWG6pfI-00100-00024662-00025103 either and by the way this is one of the
gW9xJWG6pfI-00101-00024901-00025285 biggest misconceptions about dating and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00102-00025103-00025534 I used to tell this to my clients in
gW9xJWG6pfI-00103-00025285-00025726 early recovery all the time like when in
gW9xJWG6pfI-00104-00025534-00026020 the philosophy of mankind has this ever
gW9xJWG6pfI-00105-00025726-00026219 worked you take two glasses two glass
gW9xJWG6pfI-00106-00026020-00026472 cups right and you shatter them on the
gW9xJWG6pfI-00107-00026219-00026783 ground and then you scoop them together
gW9xJWG6pfI-00108-00026472-00026991 say okay this can work that doesn't
gW9xJWG6pfI-00109-00026783-00027213 happen so if you have one broken person
gW9xJWG6pfI-00110-00026991-00027435 and another broken person it doesn't go
gW9xJWG6pfI-00111-00027213-00027764 together both these things have to be
gW9xJWG6pfI-00112-00027435-00027975 whole before they come together you know
gW9xJWG6pfI-00113-00027764-00028193 we need to work some things out and once
gW9xJWG6pfI-00114-00027975-00028345 we do
gW9xJWG6pfI-00115-00028345-00028645 today
gW9xJWG6pfI-00116-00028785-00029057 we marry
gW9xJWG6pfI-00117-00029516-00030030 so this is complete bananas like if you
gW9xJWG6pfI-00118-00029868-00030177 don't watch the whole video just watch
gW9xJWG6pfI-00119-00030030-00030336 the part where they're at this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00120-00030177-00030492 restaurant because there's so much to
gW9xJWG6pfI-00121-00030336-00030758 dissect from this alright
gW9xJWG6pfI-00122-00030492-00030983 so Trisha was just berating Jason
gW9xJWG6pfI-00123-00030758-00031289 talking all this stuff and then she just
gW9xJWG6pfI-00124-00030983-00031470 goes let's get married like oh my god oh
gW9xJWG6pfI-00125-00031289-00031623 my god I'm cher with you some of my
gW9xJWG6pfI-00126-00031470-00031923 experience with that pretty soon here
gW9xJWG6pfI-00127-00031623-00032027 but like this is a typical sign of
gW9xJWG6pfI-00128-00031923-00032158 borderline personality disorder
gW9xJWG6pfI-00129-00032027-00032442 especially when you're dating somebody
gW9xJWG6pfI-00130-00032158-00032667 they can rapid-fire through these
gW9xJWG6pfI-00131-00032442-00032805 emotions right where they hate you or
gW9xJWG6pfI-00132-00032667-00032886 they don't like you or you're upsetting
gW9xJWG6pfI-00133-00032805-00032982 them or whatever and then they're just
gW9xJWG6pfI-00134-00032886-00033270 like let's get married
gW9xJWG6pfI-00135-00032982-00033627 let's get married because part of it is
gW9xJWG6pfI-00136-00033270-00033921 just they're used to the toxicity right
gW9xJWG6pfI-00137-00033627-00034251 like that is the comfort zone like being
gW9xJWG6pfI-00138-00033921-00034452 comfortable in the chaos and she throws
gW9xJWG6pfI-00139-00034251-00034755 out let's get married right but
gW9xJWG6pfI-00140-00034452-00035834 immediately it is followed up by this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00141-00034755-00035834 clip you know do all the driving and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00142-00036286-00036619 but if you're just gonna be so stunts
gW9xJWG6pfI-00143-00036459-00036763 and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00144-00036619-00036999 it's gonna put even more stress on
gW9xJWG6pfI-00145-00036763-00036999 everything
gW9xJWG6pfI-00146-00037384-00038454 and he locks it sobs it hurts bad really
gW9xJWG6pfI-00147-00038044-00038454 hurtful please reconsider that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00148-00039562-00040130 so right after she says let's get
gW9xJWG6pfI-00149-00039862-00040493 married she throws out this idea okay
gW9xJWG6pfI-00150-00040130-00040687 she's talking about about him getting
gW9xJWG6pfI-00151-00040493-00041021 his own house and this is another
gW9xJWG6pfI-00152-00040687-00041296 example of emotional abuse okay
gW9xJWG6pfI-00153-00041021-00041846 everybody I hope you are with me here
gW9xJWG6pfI-00154-00041296-00041968 okay like she's saying like oh but then
gW9xJWG6pfI-00155-00041846-00042086 she stopped saying oh but you just want
gW9xJWG6pfI-00156-00041968-00042250 to spend more time with your friends oh
gW9xJWG6pfI-00157-00042086-00042388 you just don't like seeing me oh you
gW9xJWG6pfI-00158-00042250-00042766 know what it's fine it's fine
gW9xJWG6pfI-00159-00042388-00042983 and it's like what like watching it it's
gW9xJWG6pfI-00160-00042766-00043216 it's like watching it's like watching
gW9xJWG6pfI-00161-00042983-00043366 children who are in one of their first
gW9xJWG6pfI-00162-00043216-00043568 relationships but that's one of the
gW9xJWG6pfI-00163-00043366-00043802 things when it comes to certain types of
gW9xJWG6pfI-00164-00043568-00044071 mental illness like for me for example
gW9xJWG6pfI-00165-00043802-00044333 when I got sober 27 years old I was
gW9xJWG6pfI-00166-00044071-00044555 pretty much just a grown baby okay I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00167-00044333-00044806 still had a lot of childish behaviors
gW9xJWG6pfI-00168-00044555-00045002 childish emotions I didn't lot of
gW9xJWG6pfI-00169-00044806-00045262 childish things I need to do a video
gW9xJWG6pfI-00170-00045002-00045374 sometime because there's this worksheet
gW9xJWG6pfI-00171-00045262-00045628 that my mom who's a psychologist
gW9xJWG6pfI-00172-00045374-00045856 actually showed me and it's amazing what
gW9xJWG6pfI-00173-00045628-00046040 you can see like why you date the people
gW9xJWG6pfI-00174-00045856-00046240 you date and also why you behave the way
gW9xJWG6pfI-00175-00046040-00046396 that you do in arguments and a lot of it
gW9xJWG6pfI-00176-00046240-00046631 reverts back to your childhood it's a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00177-00046396-00046846 lot of childish behaviors that's why a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00178-00046631-00047081 lot of relationships people don't have
gW9xJWG6pfI-00179-00046846-00047221 these adult conversations especially if
gW9xJWG6pfI-00180-00047081-00047496 you're dating somebody who's not
gW9xJWG6pfI-00181-00047221-00047496 mentally well
gW9xJWG6pfI-00182-00048641-00048991 we need to work some things out
gW9xJWG6pfI-00183-00049004-00049463 bring it back to that last clip because
gW9xJWG6pfI-00184-00049290-00049677 this is something that goes on
gW9xJWG6pfI-00185-00049463-00049902 throughout the rest of the video Jason
gW9xJWG6pfI-00186-00049677-00050103 Jason actually has some clarity and he's
gW9xJWG6pfI-00187-00049902-00050196 holding her off right okay no we're not
gW9xJWG6pfI-00188-00050103-00050484 getting married it's like we need to
gW9xJWG6pfI-00189-00050196-00050661 work on some stuff right but she says we
gW9xJWG6pfI-00190-00050484-00051015 need to get married and then we can work
gW9xJWG6pfI-00191-00050661-00051296 on stuff no no no no no no no no no no
gW9xJWG6pfI-00192-00051015-00051428 okay this is a very big problem that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00193-00051296-00051588 people have especially when they
gW9xJWG6pfI-00194-00051428-00051842 struggle with mental illness they keep
gW9xJWG6pfI-00195-00051588-00052065 procrastinating the things that will
gW9xJWG6pfI-00196-00051842-00052252 make them well right like I was talking
gW9xJWG6pfI-00197-00052065-00052674 about with my girlfriend earlier like I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00198-00052252-00052866 I judge people based on who they're a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00199-00052674-00053040 fan of right who they're a fan of who
gW9xJWG6pfI-00200-00052866-00053237 they look up to and stuff like if you're
gW9xJWG6pfI-00201-00053040-00053433 a fan for example of Tana mojo I'm like
gW9xJWG6pfI-00202-00053237-00053595 something's got to be going on with you
gW9xJWG6pfI-00203-00053433-00053780 right there's a lot of people who are a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00204-00053595-00053895 fan of Trisha Paytas I'm like yes
gW9xJWG6pfI-00205-00053780-00054072 something has got to be going on with
gW9xJWG6pfI-00206-00053895-00054213 you two but this is also why people have
gW9xJWG6pfI-00207-00054072-00054363 so many enablers like people need to
gW9xJWG6pfI-00208-00054213-00054594 look at Trisha
gW9xJWG6pfI-00209-00054363-00054830 but Trisha acknowledges that she has a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00210-00054594-00055055 lot of psychological issues but she
gW9xJWG6pfI-00211-00054830-00055200 doesn't get help for them right and she
gW9xJWG6pfI-00212-00055055-00055386 keeps trying to procrastinate him and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00213-00055200-00055515 push them off and things like that like
gW9xJWG6pfI-00214-00055386-00055776 absolutely not
gW9xJWG6pfI-00215-00055515-00055962 so I'm very glad that Jason stuck to his
gW9xJWG6pfI-00216-00055776-00056175 guns he's like no we need to see a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00217-00055962-00056370 relationship therapist and then we'll
gW9xJWG6pfI-00218-00056175-00056598 talk about marriage here's the problem
gW9xJWG6pfI-00219-00056370-00056783 for the rest of this video she keeps
gW9xJWG6pfI-00220-00056598-00056891 saying let's get married let's get
gW9xJWG6pfI-00221-00056783-00057129 married let's get married and she's
gW9xJWG6pfI-00222-00056891-00057375 trying to manipulate him into doing this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00223-00057129-00057570 all right and just throughout the video
gW9xJWG6pfI-00224-00057375-00057807 like like I said they cut a lot of this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00225-00057570-00058004 stuff how many times do out this day
gW9xJWG6pfI-00226-00057807-00058212 they spent together do you think she
gW9xJWG6pfI-00227-00058004-00058652 said let's get married let's get married
gW9xJWG6pfI-00228-00058212-00058652 like it is absolutely bananas
gW9xJWG6pfI-00229-00059046-00059434 should I get my beard shaved we get
gW9xJWG6pfI-00230-00059395-00059614 married
gW9xJWG6pfI-00231-00059434-00059920 work on our relationship where we talk
gW9xJWG6pfI-00232-00059614-00060169 about marriage I don't think so I think
gW9xJWG6pfI-00233-00059920-00060274 we need to go see a therapist okay so we
gW9xJWG6pfI-00234-00060169-00060460 get married and then we go see a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00235-00060274-00061689 therapist nope let's work on our
gW9xJWG6pfI-00236-00060460-00062515 relationship get off that get married
gW9xJWG6pfI-00237-00061689-00062691 I'll give you one thing sometimes a mic
gW9xJWG6pfI-00238-00062515-00062914 comes up and things like that but I was
gW9xJWG6pfI-00239-00062691-00063129 telling her about the woman I was dating
gW9xJWG6pfI-00240-00062914-00063441 she was a single mom before it was like
gW9xJWG6pfI-00241-00063129-00063634 a year before my girlfriend and I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00242-00063441-00063934 started talking or or at least obviously
gW9xJWG6pfI-00243-00063634-00064129 you're right I could relate to this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00244-00063934-00064392 experience right like I was still
gW9xJWG6pfI-00245-00064129-00064594 mentally unwell right after that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00246-00064392-00064791 relationship is what I found meditation
gW9xJWG6pfI-00247-00064594-00065035 so if you need a reason to meditate go
gW9xJWG6pfI-00248-00064791-00065203 for it why I did it because of a bad
gW9xJWG6pfI-00249-00065035-00065422 relationship and I realize how
gW9xJWG6pfI-00250-00065203-00065734 emotionally unstable I was but anyways
gW9xJWG6pfI-00251-00065422-00065989 her and I've had a very very very bad
gW9xJWG6pfI-00252-00065734-00066103 relationship and she got on this kick
gW9xJWG6pfI-00253-00065989-00066232 which is like let's get married let's
gW9xJWG6pfI-00254-00066103-00066403 get married like we're fighting every
gW9xJWG6pfI-00255-00066232-00066493 five seconds and then she's like let's
gW9xJWG6pfI-00256-00066403-00066676 get married let's get married
gW9xJWG6pfI-00257-00066493-00066823 I'm like she was obsessed with this show
gW9xJWG6pfI-00258-00066676-00067165 my girlfriend just told me the name and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00259-00066823-00067303 I forgot it's like they do it they do it
gW9xJWG6pfI-00260-00067165-00067624 and then they figure stuff out I'm like
gW9xJWG6pfI-00261-00067303-00067774 I'm like no that is bananas because part
gW9xJWG6pfI-00262-00067624-00067819 of me knew like this wasn't gonna work
gW9xJWG6pfI-00263-00067774-00068077 out
gW9xJWG6pfI-00264-00067819-00068242 and she kept saying it over and over and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00265-00068077-00068434 over and like this is something that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00266-00068242-00068656 some of us do and this is a big
gW9xJWG6pfI-00267-00068434-00068851 relationship issue as well like I almost
gW9xJWG6pfI-00268-00068656-00068998 got to a point I was this close to
gW9xJWG6pfI-00269-00068851-00069151 getting to a point where I was just
gW9xJWG6pfI-00270-00068998-00069358 gonna be like if it will shut you up
gW9xJWG6pfI-00271-00069151-00069618 let's go get married like think about
gW9xJWG6pfI-00272-00069358-00069832 that like you guys
gW9xJWG6pfI-00273-00069618-00070000 relationships are part of mental health
gW9xJWG6pfI-00274-00069832-00070219 and we gotta figure this stuff out like
gW9xJWG6pfI-00275-00070000-00070321 can you imagine can you imagine if I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00276-00070219-00070477 would have married her like what do you
gW9xJWG6pfI-00277-00070321-00070690 think divorce rates are so high in this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00278-00070477-00070981 country because stuff like this happens
gW9xJWG6pfI-00279-00070690-00071269 but again Jason stuck to his guns he's
gW9xJWG6pfI-00280-00070981-00071569 like we need to seek therapy before we
gW9xJWG6pfI-00281-00071269-00071794 get into a marriage right and it's it's
gW9xJWG6pfI-00282-00071569-00072025 crazy because they need to split up they
gW9xJWG6pfI-00283-00071794-00072265 need to get away from each other like
gW9xJWG6pfI-00284-00072025-00072403 made a whole video about this two months
gW9xJWG6pfI-00285-00072265-00072619 ago I was just looking it was only two
gW9xJWG6pfI-00286-00072403-00072904 months ago about how their relationship
gW9xJWG6pfI-00287-00072619-00073099 isn't gonna work I'm not a psychic right
gW9xJWG6pfI-00288-00072904-00073321 I just know people who are mentally
gW9xJWG6pfI-00289-00073099-00073579 unstable I just get it I've seen this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00290-00073321-00073732 happen so many times I talked to my
gW9xJWG6pfI-00291-00073579-00073897 clients in the rehab center about this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00292-00073732-00074149 all the time like you are in no position
gW9xJWG6pfI-00293-00073897-00074332 to do this you're an absolutely no
gW9xJWG6pfI-00294-00074149-00074632 position to do this until you get well
gW9xJWG6pfI-00295-00074332-00074851 now there's going to be a certain number
gW9xJWG6pfI-00296-00074632-00075004 of people down in the comments or who
gW9xJWG6pfI-00297-00074851-00075190 will never even see this video who
gW9xJWG6pfI-00298-00075004-00075472 defend Trisha and they say things like
gW9xJWG6pfI-00299-00075190-00075679 oh she's just joking or oh this is just
gW9xJWG6pfI-00300-00075472-00075961 part of the videos and no no no no no
gW9xJWG6pfI-00301-00075679-00076249 what this is it's leaving a back door to
gW9xJWG6pfI-00302-00075961-00076438 excuse for behavior I mentioned it in
gW9xJWG6pfI-00303-00076249-00076660 the Tana mojo video I just did the other
gW9xJWG6pfI-00304-00076438-00076885 day where she talks about I'm only human
gW9xJWG6pfI-00305-00076660-00077143 I'm only human I'm not gonna be a be a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00306-00076885-00077344 perfect person but saying that Tana is
gW9xJWG6pfI-00307-00077143-00077692 leaving herself a back door to keep
gW9xJWG6pfI-00308-00077344-00078019 screwing up now Trisha Trisha is using
gW9xJWG6pfI-00309-00077692-00078268 this as an excuse to keep behaving the
gW9xJWG6pfI-00310-00078019-00078433 way she is and not seeking help in the
gW9xJWG6pfI-00311-00078268-00078595 way that she should seek help it's
gW9xJWG6pfI-00312-00078433-00078727 because she's constantly making these
gW9xJWG6pfI-00313-00078595-00079030 other videos like oh that was just an
gW9xJWG6pfI-00314-00078727-00079270 act oh that was just for YouTube no no
gW9xJWG6pfI-00315-00079030-00079450 no no I just finished a book on body
gW9xJWG6pfI-00316-00079270-00079708 language and stuff and watching the body
gW9xJWG6pfI-00317-00079450-00079923 language between those two like actors
gW9xJWG6pfI-00318-00079708-00080200 can't even can't even have that type of
gW9xJWG6pfI-00319-00079923-00080455 precision body language you know what I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00320-00080200-00080647 mean like Trisha really really really
gW9xJWG6pfI-00321-00080455-00080824 needs to seek some type of therapy and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00322-00080647-00080958 if they want their relationship to work
gW9xJWG6pfI-00323-00080824-00081112 and here's the advice we'll give to any
gW9xJWG6pfI-00324-00080958-00081421 of you who are stuck in a relationship
gW9xJWG6pfI-00325-00081112-00081637 like this right now go to therapy you
gW9xJWG6pfI-00326-00081421-00081913 both need to do individual therapy me
gW9xJWG6pfI-00327-00081637-00082150 I'm not a huge fan of couples therapy
gW9xJWG6pfI-00328-00081913-00082378 I prefer individual therapy for a while
gW9xJWG6pfI-00329-00082150-00082597 and then couples therapy like both
gW9xJWG6pfI-00330-00082378-00082795 people need to work on their individual
gW9xJWG6pfI-00331-00082597-00082963 issues because a lot of them stem from
gW9xJWG6pfI-00332-00082795-00083218 childhood and past relationships and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00333-00082963-00083377 things like that they need to work on
gW9xJWG6pfI-00334-00083218-00083572 these things individually and then once
gW9xJWG6pfI-00335-00083377-00083827 they get like I don't know even 20%
gW9xJWG6pfI-00336-00083572-00084013 better then they need to see I like a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00337-00083827-00084223 couples therapist you know what I'm
gW9xJWG6pfI-00338-00084013-00084403 saying but as far as like leaving that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00339-00084223-00084547 back door open like I talked to the
gW9xJWG6pfI-00340-00084403-00084724 addicts and alcoholics about this all
gW9xJWG6pfI-00341-00084547-00085048 the time because they try to leave
gW9xJWG6pfI-00342-00084724-00085124 themselves back doors to drink again or
gW9xJWG6pfI-00343-00085048-00085319 to use a
gW9xJWG6pfI-00344-00085124-00085477 for example some people who came into my
gW9xJWG6pfI-00345-00085319-00085727 rehab with a prescription drug addiction
gW9xJWG6pfI-00346-00085477-00085880 they then wouldn't go back and say tell
gW9xJWG6pfI-00347-00085727-00086045 their doctor that they were just in
gW9xJWG6pfI-00348-00085880-00086204 rehab because what they're doing is
gW9xJWG6pfI-00349-00086045-00086470 they're leaving a back door so they can
gW9xJWG6pfI-00350-00086204-00086608 go get high again or maybe alcoholics
gW9xJWG6pfI-00351-00086470-00086768 they don't tell their friends that they
gW9xJWG6pfI-00352-00086608-00086945 just went to rehab in there and and
gW9xJWG6pfI-00353-00086768-00087101 they're in sobriety now because they're
gW9xJWG6pfI-00354-00086945-00087245 leaving themselves a back door so they
gW9xJWG6pfI-00355-00087101-00087467 don't get questioned if they drink again
gW9xJWG6pfI-00356-00087245-00087644 like you need to cut this stuff out if
gW9xJWG6pfI-00357-00087467-00087926 you want to improve your mental health
gW9xJWG6pfI-00358-00087644-00088102 so to end this video the last point I'll
gW9xJWG6pfI-00359-00087926-00088316 make is I was second-guessing making
gW9xJWG6pfI-00360-00088102-00088552 this video and this is just a complete
gW9xJWG6pfI-00361-00088316-00088682 side point I talked about how I always
gW9xJWG6pfI-00362-00088552-00088805 get worried about making these videos
gW9xJWG6pfI-00363-00088682-00088964 about different youtubers and things
gW9xJWG6pfI-00364-00088805-00089222 like that is that not a drama channel
gW9xJWG6pfI-00365-00088964-00089420 and my goal is to help people take these
gW9xJWG6pfI-00366-00089222-00089567 real-life situations and relate it to
gW9xJWG6pfI-00367-00089420-00089708 themselves and improve their mental
gW9xJWG6pfI-00368-00089567-00090017 health there was one comment on my last
gW9xJWG6pfI-00369-00089708-00090214 video a three a three it's like wow this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00370-00090017-00090370 is a drama channel now and that almost
gW9xJWG6pfI-00371-00090214-00090589 prevented me from making this video
gW9xJWG6pfI-00372-00090370-00090794 within my girlfriend she said something
gW9xJWG6pfI-00373-00090589-00091058 in a sparked by emotions again I'm like
gW9xJWG6pfI-00374-00090794-00091208 screw it I'm making this video but I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00375-00091058-00091427 just want to throw that side point in
gW9xJWG6pfI-00376-00091208-00091714 their life don't focus on the one
gW9xJWG6pfI-00377-00091427-00091844 negative comment or don't focus on one
gW9xJWG6pfI-00378-00091714-00092111 thing that makes you second-guess
gW9xJWG6pfI-00379-00091844-00092306 yourself you know do your thing boo do
gW9xJWG6pfI-00380-00092111-00092486 you think all right but let's do this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00381-00092306-00092632 got in the comments below maybe share
gW9xJWG6pfI-00382-00092486-00092770 your experiences like what can you
gW9xJWG6pfI-00383-00092632-00092981 relate to like have you been in a past
gW9xJWG6pfI-00384-00092770-00093194 relationship where it looks similar to
gW9xJWG6pfI-00385-00092981-00093358 Trisha Paytas and Jason Nash or are you
gW9xJWG6pfI-00386-00093194-00093494 currently in a relationship and your
gW9xJWG6pfI-00387-00093358-00093662 significant other isn't gonna read my
gW9xJWG6pfI-00388-00093494-00093899 comment section anyway so let's share
gW9xJWG6pfI-00389-00093662-00094091 our experience down below okay I did so
gW9xJWG6pfI-00390-00093899-00094258 you need to as well alright and don't
gW9xJWG6pfI-00391-00094091-00094442 forget I'm gonna be editing this video
gW9xJWG6pfI-00392-00094258-00094631 on Twitch so by the time you see this I
gW9xJWG6pfI-00393-00094442-00094688 already edited it but go follow me on
gW9xJWG6pfI-00394-00094631-00094994 Twitch
gW9xJWG6pfI-00395-00094688-00095135 ok twitch.tv slash the rewired so come
gW9xJWG6pfI-00396-00094994-00095360 hang out with me we've been having some
gW9xJWG6pfI-00397-00095135-00095552 amazing conversations and I love I love
gW9xJWG6pfI-00398-00095360-00095720 the personal time I get with all of you
gW9xJWG6pfI-00399-00095552-00095861 alright but that's all I got for this
gW9xJWG6pfI-00400-00095720-00096038 video if you like this video please give
gW9xJWG6pfI-00401-00095861-00096157 it a thumbs up and if you're new make
gW9xJWG6pfI-00402-00096038-00096377 sure you subscribe and bring that
gW9xJWG6pfI-00403-00096157-00096617 notification now because I make a ton of
gW9xJWG6pfI-00404-00096377-00096785 videos and a huge thank you to everybody
gW9xJWG6pfI-00405-00096617-00096952 supporting the channel over on patreon
gW9xJWG6pfI-00406-00096785-00097175 you are all amazing and if you want to
gW9xJWG6pfI-00407-00096952-00097373 pick up yourself some sweet rewired soul
gW9xJWG6pfI-00408-00097175-00097570 merch boom click or tap on that little
gW9xJWG6pfI-00409-00097373-00097751 icon right there alright thanks so much
gW9xJWG6pfI-00410-00097570-00098179 for watching get out of toxic
gW9xJWG6pfI-00411-00097751-00098179 relationships and I'll see you next time
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00000-00000008-00000400 Hi everyone! Welcome to the Brock Library. You may have questions about how to use
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00001-00000400-00000687 the library and find the best resources for this course
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00002-00000687-00001167 so hopefully this session will help. My name is Jennifer and I'm the
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00003-00001167-00001536 librarian for education. You can find my contact information as
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00004-00001536-00001935 well as other helpful tips and resources on the research guide on the library
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00005-00001935-00002288 website. If you have questions or need help you
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00006-00002288-00002784 can email me or feel free to schedule an appointment.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00007-00002872-00003279 So today I'll go over some of the top five questions that I get from people
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00008-00003279-00003807 in 5q97. I'll also talk a little about what might be different because of the
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00009-00003807-00004239 pandemic and review search strategies and tools.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00010-00004239-00004616 Along the way I have suggested some tutorials and videos that you can watch
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00011-00004616-00004928 for more information and you can find these on the Brock
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00012-00004928-00005432 Library website or on the library youtube channel.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00013-00005632-00006000 When I think about this course these are some of the questions that I often have
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00014-00006000-00006319 students ask: where can I find more about my
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00015-00006319-00006647 theoretical framework or how do I choose a theoretical
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00016-00006647-00007031 framework? Where do I search besides Omni? What
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00017-00007031-00007488 other strategies should I be using beyond keyword searching? How do I keep
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00018-00007488-00007856 track of my stuff? And how do I get more help? I'll try to
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00019-00007856-00008192 answer these questions today but please get in touch if you have
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00020-00008192-00008568 other questions. I'll get to those questions shortly but
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00021-00008568-00008920 I want to start with what is different this year because of the pandemic.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00022-00008920-00009296 The physical library is closed for now. It may open for study space at some
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00023-00009296-00009632 point but right now we do not know when. You
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00024-00009632-00010184 can access print resources and scans of chapters and articles by request in Omni
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00025-00010184-00010584 and more information about that is available on the library website.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00026-00010584-00010984 The good news is that we have a lot of online content -- almost half of our books
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00027-00010984-00011407 are available as ebooks and most journals are available online.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00028-00011407-00011711 So limit your search to Available Online in Omni
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00029-00011711-00012232 to access all of our online content. Interlibrary Loan is still available on
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00030-00012232-00012624 a limited basis so you can't request print books but you can request
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00031-00012624-00013016 chapters and articles that can be scanned and emailed to you.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00032-00013016-00013391 So while things aren't quite the same there are a lot of online services
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00033-00013391-00013712 and resources available.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00034-00013968-00014344 Let's just take a minute to review the research process. I always like to remind
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00035-00014344-00014552 students that the library research process
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00036-00014552-00014976 is cyclical and iterative. It is normal to feel like you are going around in
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00037-00014976-00015312 circles sometimes. You start by thinking of a topic or a
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00038-00015312-00015672 research question... you identify some of the major terms or
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00039-00015672-00015951 keywords... you may need to do some googling or
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00040-00015951-00016295 reading to get some background and learn a little bit more.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00041-00016295-00016664 Then you may be doing some searching in Omni or databases.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00042-00016664-00016968 You evaluate what you find and then you often
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00043-00016968-00017320 need to tweak your topic or your search terms a little bit
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00044-00017320-00017695 and you go around again. This is all part of the process
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00045-00017695-00018472 and it's completely normal and expected to do a bit of back and forth.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00046-00018472-00018840 Part of the process is exploring our topics and research questions by
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00047-00018840-00019168 searching. This type of searching is non-linear and
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00048-00019168-00019528 iterative. You may be googling or searching in Omni
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00049-00019528-00019800 but as you explore you start to identify major
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00050-00019800-00020208 concepts and generate search terms.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00051-00020223-00020576 No matter where you are searching make sure you search smart.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00052-00020576-00021031 Use quotation marks to search for phrases. Think of synonyms and alternate
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00053-00021031-00021376 terms and you can use OR to combine similar
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00054-00021376-00021815 terms when you're searching and use only the most relevant and
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00055-00021815-00022144 meaningful terms. So you want to avoid terms like
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00056-00022144-00022784 advantages benefits cons etc.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00057-00022904-00023215 Look for more keywords as you skim abstracts
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00058-00023215-00023792 or take a look at subject headings in the entry of an article.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00059-00023904-00024240 Okay but where do we search? You may be familiar with Omni,
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00060-00024240-00024543 the search box that you see on the library website.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00061-00024543-00024928 This searches almost everything that we have access to at Brock.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00062-00024928-00025312 It's a good place to look for books and to get a sense of what is out there on
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00063-00025312-00025632 your topic but because it is so huge you also want
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00064-00025632-00025935 to make sure you're searching the subject-specific databases
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00065-00025935-00026295 such as Education Source. You can find recommendations
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00066-00026295-00026880 on the Education Research Guide and on the library website.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00067-00026880-00027200 So of course you can find the Omni search box right on the main library
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00068-00027200-00027480 page. Use the Advanced Search for the best
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00069-00027480-00028136 results. You will be searching books articles films and more.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00070-00028160-00028632 One thing you may want to use Omni for is to search for background information.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00071-00028632-00029063 If you're new to a topic or if you need to explore theoretical frameworks
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00072-00029063-00029536 try a keyword search in Omni. For example, you can try a broad search
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00073-00029536-00030056 for feminist theory or more specific search like feminist theory and women in
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00074-00030056-00030480 educational administration. Also check out the
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00075-00030480-00031095 Education Research Guide  for a lot more suggestions.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00076-00031095-00031512 What about moving beyond Omni? You  may have experienced some
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00077-00031512-00031775 frustration with too many results in Omni
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00078-00031775-00032327 -- too many irrelevant results. Be sure to use the subject-specific databases to
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00079-00032327-00032647 really focus your search. We also have other
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00080-00032647-00033191 specialized resources that can help you:  things like thesis databases and
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00081-00033191-00033984 other resources to help you answer your questions about research methods.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00082-00033984-00034312 You may have also realized that keyword searching and databases can
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00083-00034312-00034800 only get you so far. Your search will only be as good as the search terms and
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00084-00034800-00035303 search strategies that you use. Good news -- there are other strategies that you can
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00085-00035303-00035688 use to find books and articles and you're probably using many of them
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00086-00035688-00035928 already.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00087-00035960-00036263 Go beyond just searching by citation searching.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00088-00036263-00036568 You can do this backwards by looking at cited references
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00089-00036568-00037112 in an article or forwards by looking at cited references.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00090-00037112-00037560 So citation mining means looking up the articles or authors or books
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00091-00037560-00037888 that have been cited in the original article
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00092-00037888-00038184 that you're looking at
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00093-00038296-00038656 but you can also see who has cited a particular article.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00094-00038656-00039088 You can do this by searching for the title of the article in Google Scholar
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00095-00039088-00039584 and clicking on the cited by link.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00096-00039600-00039991 You can also do this in Omni. Look for the arrows pointing up
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00097-00039991-00040496 in the entry to see who has cited this article.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00098-00040752-00041088 You may also be interested in finding emerging research.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00099-00041088-00041431 Look for recent theses or dissertations on your topic.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00100-00041431-00041847 A thesis on your topic is a great way to see how others have applied your
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00101-00041847-00042384 theoretical framework.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00102-00042400-00042775 Another way to move beyond keyword searching is to search or browse in a
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00103-00042775-00043056 particular journal. Once you've done some searching
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00104-00043056-00043375 and keep seeing the same journals appearing over and over again, go
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00105-00043375-00043775 straight to that journal and browse or search. You can also look
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00106-00043775-00044103 for review articles in review journals. This helps you
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00107-00044103-00045063 uncover great articles that a keyword search may have missed. You can look up a
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00108-00045063-00045344 journal in Omni using the Journal Search option
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00109-00045344-00045840 and then search or browse in that journal.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00110-00046047-00046368 How many of you have a method for keeping track of what you find?
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00111-00046368-00046791 Citation management tools can come in handy, if you're not already using one.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00112-00046791-00047152 Many are freely available like Zotero and Mendeley.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00113-00047152-00047512 They help you store and organize your references as well as
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00114-00047512-00047824 create in-text citations and reference lists.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00115-00047824-00048312 Check out the library website or ask me to find out more.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00116-00048600-00048968 So that is a very quick overview of how the library should be a part of your
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00117-00048968-00049263 research journey.  More information and more help is
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00118-00049263-00049591 available on the library website under Research Help.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00119-00049591-00049928 You can also chat with library staff -- look for the Ask
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00120-00049928-00050447 Chat with a Librarian icon. You are always welcome to email me
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00121-00050447-00050896 or you can book an appointment with me on the Graduate Education research guide.
gWRQJ1MHEG8-00122-00050896-00051512 Good luck and I look forward to hearing from you!
gY2jw6xd45y-00000-00000003-00000540 College has a lot to offer: new friends, life-changing experiences, and hopefully
gY2jw6xd45y-00001-00000540-00001119 good career prospects- but it isn't cheap. Experts say long before you pack up the
gY2jw6xd45y-00002-00001119-00001585 car and head to campus, you should be asking, how am I gonna pay for school?
gY2jw6xd45y-00003-00001585-00001964 That's a question increasingly on this family's mind.
gY2jw6xd45y-00004-00001964-00002397 Darah, a high school senior, wants to go to college like her older sister. They
gY2jw6xd45y-00005-00002397-00002691 don't have all the money in the world and these days college is getting
gY2jw6xd45y-00006-00002691-00003272 increasingly expensive. So what's a teen like Darah to do? Well, I do get stressed
gY2jw6xd45y-00007-00003272-00003663 over money it is a little bit overwhelming to think about it all. And
gY2jw6xd45y-00008-00003663-00004155 there's a lot to think about: student loans, grants, scholarships, many
gY2jw6xd45y-00009-00004155-00004626 students need a combination of these to pay for school, which is where Donna
gY2jw6xd45y-00010-00004626-00005118 Rosato comes in, she writes about finances for Consumer Reports. So there's
gY2jw6xd45y-00011-00005118-00005511 a student that wants to go to a particular school, but he can't or she
gY2jw6xd45y-00012-00005511-00005894 can't afford it. What do they do? People do not think about the financial fit
gY2jw6xd45y-00013-00005894-00006453 early enough in the process you have to think about more than just where it's
gY2jw6xd45y-00014-00006453-00006852 gonna be. You know, does it have a beautiful dorm? You know, how's the food
gY2jw6xd45y-00015-00006852-00007281 on campus? Really think about the financial cost. Think about it this way
gY2jw6xd45y-00016-00007281-00007689 financing college is a little bit like buying a car, schools have a sticker
gY2jw6xd45y-00017-00007689-00008322 price and a real price. When you go on to the college like websites and you look
gY2jw6xd45y-00018-00008322-00008811 at the tuition and then they have the housing the food the books and they have
gY2jw6xd45y-00019-00008811-00009297 like charts and then they're like the total and you're like but five slides
gY2jw6xd45y-00020-00009297-00009747 ago you told me that it was this price and now it's like five thousand more. To
gY2jw6xd45y-00021-00009747-00010190 get the real price you have to know where to look. Every school has a net
gY2jw6xd45y-00022-00010190-00010572 price calculator that's not as geeky as how it sounds what it tells you is
gY2jw6xd45y-00023-00010572-00011028 here's a sticker price and then here are based on an estimate of your finances
gY2jw6xd45y-00024-00011028-00011388 what you might what it might cost you so it'll subtract grants and scholarships
gY2jw6xd45y-00025-00011388-00011817 that you might get from the federal government so it'll give you a better estimate of how
gY2jw6xd45y-00026-00011817-00012219 much it'll really cost you. You can get help from the federal government, states,
gY2jw6xd45y-00027-00012219-00012624 and the colleges themselves if you haven't saved enough you still have
gY2jw6xd45y-00028-00012624-00012953 options. Make sure you apply for financial aid a lot of people think
gY2jw6xd45y-00029-00012953-00013365 they or their family may make too much money to get financial aid that's not
gY2jw6xd45y-00030-00013365-00013884 true there's no income limit on it. FAFSA or the Free Application for Federal
gY2jw6xd45y-00031-00013884-00014325 Student Aid is run by the Department of Education it doles out more than one
gY2jw6xd45y-00032-00014325-00014880 hundred and twenty billion dollars a year in financial aid to students. We're
gY2jw6xd45y-00033-00014880-00015394 kind of your mid income people we definitely qualify.
gY2jw6xd45y-00034-00015394-00015855 Scholarships are another way to whittle down that sticker price. The biggest
gY2jw6xd45y-00035-00015855-00016389 source of scholarships and grants comes from colleges themselves. And there are
gY2jw6xd45y-00036-00016389-00016773 other avenues all sorts of local businesses and organizations can also
gY2jw6xd45y-00037-00016773-00017214 help support a student's education. Looking at scholarships focused on
gY2jw6xd45y-00038-00017214-00017856 cooking and also high school performance-based scholarships. And if that still
gY2jw6xd45y-00039-00017856-00018219 doesn't have you cruising on the highway to higher education then loans might.
gY2jw6xd45y-00040-00018219-00018636 You're limited on how much you can take out from the federal government, if that's
gY2jw6xd45y-00041-00018636-00019050 not enough to pay for school you might turn to a private lender. A loan can lower
gY2jw6xd45y-00042-00019050-00019581 the money you put down now but paying it back can be a decades-long slog.
gY2jw6xd45y-00043-00019581-00019926 We've seen the cost of college increase and people have more problems
gY2jw6xd45y-00044-00019926-00020367 particularly with paying back student loans. Some more tips: if you have to
gY2jw6xd45y-00045-00020367-00020798 borrow, choose federally-backed loans, read the fine print of the loan
gY2jw6xd45y-00046-00020798-00021219 agreement so you know what you're responsible for, only borrow what you
gY2jw6xd45y-00047-00021219-00021632 need. I'm definitely really excited to go to college and have that whole
gY2jw6xd45y-00048-00021632-00022073 experience but I don't want to be paying for it for the rest of my life. Well
gY2jw6xd45y-00049-00022073-00022578 Darah, you don't have to. When it comes to financing college, it pays to be a smart
gY2jw6xd45y-00050-00022578-00022801 consumer.
gaUF2_6aex0-00000-00000003-00000513 Hey everybody its Darcy, and I'm the bed artist from London, Ontario. Hope you're having a great day
gaUF2_6aex0-00001-00000583-00000772 today I'm doing a
gaUF2_6aex0-00002-00000772-00001373 Rooster fish for my good friend Brenda, Brenda, and I worked at McDonald's
gaUF2_6aex0-00003-00001441-00001697 back in the 1980s and
gaUF2_6aex0-00004-00001801-00002057 beautiful beautiful girl, beautiful woman now and
gaUF2_6aex0-00005-00002131-00002364 It's funny a funny story about Brenda
gaUF2_6aex0-00006-00002491-00002912 She told me once she was at a party and there was just again
gaUF2_6aex0-00007-00003013-00003336 1989 somewhere in there and there was this kid there
gaUF2_6aex0-00008-00003336-00004043 that was really really drunk, so she got everybody in the room to start swaying back and forth like this and
gaUF2_6aex0-00009-00004111-00004329 act as if everything was normal so when this
gaUF2_6aex0-00010-00004393-00004530 drunk guy was
gaUF2_6aex0-00011-00004530-00004844 Watching all the people going back and forth like this he thought he was
gaUF2_6aex0-00012-00004905-00005387 Going crazy and threw up or something like that, but anyway. This is for Brenda and
gaUF2_6aex0-00013-00005464-00005664 hope you're well Brenda and
gaUF2_6aex0-00014-00005767-00005996 Here we go and this is a rooster fish
gaUF2_6aex0-00015-00006060-00006347 For my friend Brenda. Hope you have a great day and
gaUF2_6aex0-00016-00006426-00006626 Everything goes well for you take care
gaUF2_6aex0-00017-00006976-00007721 Okay, so this was another really neat fish that I'd like doing one thing you got to know when I was looking up the
gaUF2_6aex0-00018-00007729-00008229 images for reference photos of this fish it really ranged
gaUF2_6aex0-00019-00008320-00008750 From almost no color patterns they all seemed to have those dark stripes on them
gaUF2_6aex0-00020-00008750-00009353 But in some cases it could just be a very light gray on a silver backed fish
gaUF2_6aex0-00021-00009400-00010094 So as I was doing this I really tried to pull out the colors as best. I could to represent the colors of the fish
gaUF2_6aex0-00022-00010182-00010360 probably in its
gaUF2_6aex0-00023-00010360-00010560 best form if I said that
gaUF2_6aex0-00024-00010639-00011361 But a lot of these fish pictures that I saw there's sometimes almost no color in them now. This is a
gaUF2_6aex0-00025-00011443-00011768 Mmm. They say non. Edible fish in that sense
gaUF2_6aex0-00026-00011847-00012377 It's just considered a bone fish and bone fish don't have a lot of meat on them the one
gaUF2_6aex0-00027-00012406-00012606 I'm doing them right now in the video
gaUF2_6aex0-00028-00012646-00012846 It's these spines
gaUF2_6aex0-00029-00012984-00013194 Back dorsal fin the neat thing
gaUF2_6aex0-00030-00013272-00013589 May not be neat to you, but I've learned us and watching over this fish
gaUF2_6aex0-00031-00013590-00013965 They only have seven of these spines a lot of times
gaUF2_6aex0-00032-00014029-00014715 Many fish of the same exact species and family, and they would have you know anywhere from
gaUF2_6aex0-00033-00014772-00015372 You know say 25 spines to 17 so but these fish only ever have seven
gaUF2_6aex0-00034-00015426-00015911 And the other crazy thing about this. I don't know if I've ever said this I
gaUF2_6aex0-00035-00015966-00016361 Absolutely am terrified of sharks ever since I watched the movie Jaws
gaUF2_6aex0-00036-00016362-00016670 I will not go into salt water and won't even put my feet in them
gaUF2_6aex0-00037-00016759-00016959 these fins
gaUF2_6aex0-00038-00017092-00017834 Cut through the water at the surface just like a shark's dorsal fin, can you imagine seeing seven of these spikes?
gaUF2_6aex0-00039-00017914-00018503 Swimming towards you. I mean that would scare the absolute out of me
gaUF2_6aex0-00040-00018625-00019301 So anyway, but these are friendly fish. They're not harmful to humans. I've got an example here
gaUF2_6aex0-00041-00019301-00019781 There's actually called the rooster Bar and Grill in Largo, Florida
gaUF2_6aex0-00042-00019876-00020076 the
gaUF2_6aex0-00043-00020076-00020375 They did an excellent job there you can see of
gaUF2_6aex0-00044-00020437-00021095 Taking this logo of a rooster fish so if you're a trained if you're an artist and you want to start to promote your things
gaUF2_6aex0-00045-00021129-00021282 working you're
gaUF2_6aex0-00046-00021282-00021482 making strong brand logos
gaUF2_6aex0-00047-00021544-00021872 Really works well, so that's just a quick example there in Florida
gaUF2_6aex0-00048-00021928-00022544 Which is a little bit odd because the one thing I found out about these fish is that they're only found in the Pacific
gaUF2_6aex0-00049-00022560-00022693 along the
gaUF2_6aex0-00050-00022693-00022866 Baja, Peninsula
gaUF2_6aex0-00051-00022866-00023246 California and that bar grill is actually in Florida
gaUF2_6aex0-00052-00023431-00023991 The other neat thing about this fish really good fighting fish they get quite large five six
gaUF2_6aex0-00053-00024118-00024318 feet sometimes
gaUF2_6aex0-00054-00024348-00024510 4050 pounds
gaUF2_6aex0-00055-00024510-00025211 Apparently they pretty aggressive when they go after their lures and bait but in Rita on them
gaUF2_6aex0-00056-00025215-00025794 I guess they rush in so quickly they tend to miss so there's stories out there that the
gaUF2_6aex0-00057-00025870-00026264 Fishermen will be fishing and you feel something hit the line
gaUF2_6aex0-00058-00026338-00026692 And if they know it's the roosterfish they'll just sort of sit there go all right
gaUF2_6aex0-00059-00026693-00027007 he missed it and then we'll dart back again and
gaUF2_6aex0-00060-00027062-00027331 He hit the lure and miss it
gaUF2_6aex0-00061-00027393-00028093 Until finally it actually comes in I don't know slow enough or focused enough where it actually takes the the bait
gaUF2_6aex0-00062-00028184-00028414 one of the good things about these fish is they are
gaUF2_6aex0-00063-00028452-00028897 Generally because they can't be eaten because they are just Bona fish is that it's a catch and release program
gaUF2_6aex0-00064-00028963-00029674 Lots of charters out there though that go specifically for these fish simply because of the fight in southern, Ontario
gaUF2_6aex0-00065-00029738-00030238 really good fighting fish that is not eaten at all is called a sheep head and
gaUF2_6aex0-00066-00030306-00030523 It's also referred to as a drum fish
gaUF2_6aex0-00067-00030614-00031081 But I had a lot of fun painting this this is for my friend, Brenda
gaUF2_6aex0-00068-00031081-00031771 I mentioned it before in the introduction, and she is a really good friend back from the 80s
gaUF2_6aex0-00069-00031771-00032470 I've known her my whole life, and she's currently living in Washington, and she's a artist herself what she actually does
gaUF2_6aex0-00070-00032525-00032842 Framing at her company called mountain girl framing
gaUF2_6aex0-00071-00032921-00033319 But I hope you enjoyed this. This is a really good fish. I liked the outcome I
gaUF2_6aex0-00072-00033419-00034021 Wanted to throw out several times because it was pretty rough getting to this point so but I really like the support
gaUF2_6aex0-00073-00034077-00034184 and
gaUF2_6aex0-00074-00034184-00034957 Appreciate all the comments, and I have hopefully another couple coming this week, so you have a great day and take care of yourselves
gcPEaLJui9M-00000-00000000-00000200 awwww
gcPEaLJui9M-00001-00000203-00002953 awwwww
gdCfLdPWXME-00000-00000840-00001056 there's an entire house sitting back here
gdCfLdPWXME-00001-00001112-00001648 hurry up you better make sure you don't offend the lady in any way got it
gdCfLdPWXME-00002-00002208-00002984 come in
gdCfLdPWXME-00003-00003040-00003160 i've returned my lady
gdCfLdPWXME-00004-00003488-00004064 i'm sorry that i left everything for you to take care of so how's she doing she'll make
gdCfLdPWXME-00005-00004064-00004648 a full recovery but her husband had to be locked up he's restrained in the basement
gdCfLdPWXME-00006-00004840-00005448 isn't it difficult treating humans with all that blood i mean is that what you think she
gdCfLdPWXME-00007-00005448-00005896 chokes back her own drool when she treats a human because demons can't control themselves
gdCfLdPWXME-00008-00006008-00006688 don't do that treating humans is not all that difficult actually at least for me
gdCfLdPWXME-00009-00006752-00007248 but it is different for other demons i have modified my body's physiology
gdCfLdPWXME-00010-00007248-00007959 quite considerably and i've removed kibutsuji's curse what curse and what kind of changes
gdCfLdPWXME-00011-00008040-00008584 why don't we go somewhere we can sit down and talk i need to hear your side of the story as well
gdCfLdPWXME-00012-00009616-00010320 i see now i understand what happened in that case i think i can certainly be of help to
gdCfLdPWXME-00013-00010320-00010944 you but first i would like to continue where i left off and tell you a bit more about ourselves
gdCfLdPWXME-00014-00011040-00011736 as i said earlier we are demons however i made several adjustments to our bodies so we could
gdCfLdPWXME-00015-00011736-00012320 continue to live without harming any human beings as a result we can survive on just a
gdCfLdPWXME-00016-00012320-00013112 small amount of human blood wait blood so you're saying i understand if you find it distasteful
gdCfLdPWXME-00017-00013112-00013568 but i buy it from those in poverty i tell them i'll use it for transfusions
gdCfLdPWXME-00018-00013640-00014280 but of course i never take enough blood to impair anyone no wonder that would explain why
gdCfLdPWXME-00019-00014280-00014968 neither one of them has the same scent as a normal demon and yushiro needs even less blood than i do
gdCfLdPWXME-00020-00015024-00015584 since i'm the one who turned him into a demon you turned him but how
gdCfLdPWXME-00021-00015704-00016352 how did i do it well as far as anyone knows kibutsuji is the only one who can create demons
gdCfLdPWXME-00022-00016424-00017192 and that is more or less accurate i tried for over 200 years and still yushira was my only successful
gdCfLdPWXME-00023-00017192-00018104 transformation what i'm sorry i should clarify creating more demons is not one of my goals
gdCfLdPWXME-00024-00018176-00018792 i only attempt to do so when necessary on the terminally ill or injured and only when they won't
gdCfLdPWXME-00025-00018792-00019512 otherwise survive and even in those cases i always ask in advance if they would truly prefer to live
gdCfLdPWXME-00026-00019512-00020664 on as a demon scent is pure no signs of deception i think i can trust her miss tamayo once someone
gdCfLdPWXME-00027-00020664-00021424 becomes a demon is there a way to turn them back again a way to make a demon human again there is
gdCfLdPWXME-00028-00021672-00021768 please tell me how
gdCfLdPWXME-00029-00022000-00022616 there's always some form of medicine or aid no matter the wound or ailment that said
gdCfLdPWXME-00030-00022672-00023328 i don't yet know how to turn a demon back into a human but i promise we will find a way we
gdCfLdPWXME-00031-00023328-00023840 are quite dedicated to establishing such a treatment the first step involves studying
gdCfLdPWXME-00032-00023840-00024344 the blood of a number of different demons which means i have two favors to ask you
gdCfLdPWXME-00033-00024480-00025296 first i'd like permission to study your sister's blood second we need more samples i'd like you to
gdCfLdPWXME-00034-00025296-00025727 retrieve them from demons that have kibutsuji's blood running strong through their veins
gdCfLdPWXME-00035-00025832-00026224 nezuko's condition is extremely rare perhaps entirely unique
gdCfLdPWXME-00036-00026304-00026872 i understand she was asleep for two years i believe her body changed during that time
gdCfLdPWXME-00037-00026952-00027495 in most cases that long without food neither human flesh nor the blood of an animal
gdCfLdPWXME-00038-00027495-00028200 would undoubtedly cause any demon to grow violent however against all odds nezuko is showing none
gdCfLdPWXME-00039-00028200-00028688 of those signs that miracle could be the key to finding a solution
gdCfLdPWXME-00040-00029080-00029344 but my second request is not a simple one
gdCfLdPWXME-00041-00029439-00030104 when i say demons with kibutsuji's blood i mean demons with powers like those of kibutsuji himself
gdCfLdPWXME-00042-00030176-00030736 extracting blood from that kind of demon won't be easy so what do you think are these
gdCfLdPWXME-00043-00030736-00031527 requests acceptable if not pleasant if it's really the only way then i'll do it besides
gdCfLdPWXME-00044-00031904-00032383 what
gdCfLdPWXME-00045-00033160-00033784 hey you stupid demon slayer look what's on your forehead
gdCfLdPWXME-00046-00034544-00035184 when did that get there
gdCfLdPWXME-00047-00035344-00035600 i will lend you my vision through that talisman
gdCfLdPWXME-00048-00035832-00036152 with my vision you'll be able to see the arrows movements
gdCfLdPWXME-00049-00036392-00036504 so hurry up and cut
gdCfLdPWXME-00050-00037256-00037296 thank you
gdCfLdPWXME-00051-00037600-00037984 let's finish this
gdCfLdPWXME-00052-00038368-00038544 follow my lead yeah
gdCfLdPWXME-00053-00038792-00039384 okay
gdCfLdPWXME-00054-00039504-00039624 just try to avoid
gdCfLdPWXME-00055-00040728-00041248 don't let your this down if they really are part of the 12 kizuki
gdCfLdPWXME-00056-00041248-00041712 don't underestimate them they're more powerful than any other demon you've faced before
gdCfLdPWXME-00057-00042128-00042896 right keep my guard up and watch my back just be careful and breathe okay here i go
gdCfLdPWXME-00058-00043192-00043496 hey susamaru can't you use your head a bit
gdCfLdPWXME-00059-00044936-00046384 follow my lead yeah
gdCfLdPWXME-00060-00047232-00047784 i need to go faster
gdCfLdPWXME-00061-00047920-00049184 let's escape while they're all distracted
gdCfLdPWXME-00062-00049488-00050584 i'll throw as hard as i can
gdCfLdPWXME-00063-00051232-00051984 i'll throw as hard as i can
gdCfLdPWXME-00064-00052104-00052208 rank is
gdCfLdPWXME-00065-00052608-00052744 not bad for an amateur
gdCfLdPWXME-00066-00052952-00053791 now we're talking oh can you believe our luck we've found tamio the fugitive
gdCfLdPWXME-00067-00053855-00054632 she'll make quite a souvenir hey yeah you think four heads will be enough for us to take home
gdCfLdPWXME-00068-00054728-00055440 too many we only need two demon slayer and the fugitive we have no use for the others
gdCfLdPWXME-00069-00055720-00056072 well i'm still gonna have some fun before we take the demon slayer's head
gdCfLdPWXME-00070-00056160-00057120 let's get that woman's head first now die nessicam can she handle this
gdCfLdPWXME-00071-00057296-00057744 if messico keeps one of them busy it will be easier to focus on the other one but
gdCfLdPWXME-00072-00057912-00058248 no this isn't the time to be worrying we just have to do it
gdCfLdPWXME-00073-00058600-00058984 nesico you go after one of them and i'll defeat the other
gdCfLdPWXME-00074-00059040-00059240 you just have to keep them distracted until then
gdCfLdPWXME-00075-00059479-00060384 you're going to fight me on your own how foolish
gdCfLdPWXME-00076-00060840-00061784 my tamari will rip a hole through your body
gdCfLdPWXME-00077-00062496-00063184 okay
gdCfLdPWXME-00078-00064048-00064584 you're a stubborn one how fun okay time to get serious
gdCfLdPWXME-00079-00066072-00067384 you think you can stop me when i'm at my strongest i'll tear you apart
gdCfLdPWXME-00080-00068632-00068784 no
gdCfLdPWXME-00081-00069384-00069584 no how could this happen
gdCfLdPWXME-00082-00069688-00070376 why am i having so much trouble fighting a little girl okay time to get serious it stars first
gdCfLdPWXME-00083-00070920-00071160 this is nothing but mexico's own strength
gdCfLdPWXME-00084-00071232-00072984 she has been able to make herself rapidly grow more powerful no i got the boat
gdCfLdPWXME-00085-00074416-00075056 we took unnecessary damage right out of there but we managed to defeat the demon
gdCfLdPWXME-00086-00075392-00076152 why you little lady tamil she's actually managing to push her back yes
gdCfLdPWXME-00087-00076232-00076712 but both being demons at this rate they'll be at a stalemate until dawn breaks
gdCfLdPWXME-00088-00077072-00077184 i must do something
gilzTHi4iDo-00000-00000000-00001142 Ok you can see our map in ArcMap. We're gonna open up our Excel spreadsheet and
gilzTHi4iDo-00001-00001142-00001725 here's our Excel spreadsheet. So, we look at this column here is right justify
gilzTHi4iDo-00002-00001725-00002339 which means it is a number and this is gonna be the common column with our
gilzTHi4iDo-00003-00002340-00003174 maps we go back to our map and open up the attribute table of our map we're
gilzTHi4iDo-00004-00003174-00003702 gonna find this column here GeoID 10 these are the same numbers but this is
gilzTHi4iDo-00005-00003702-00004548 left justified which means this is text and we need to make them the same type
gilzTHi4iDo-00006-00004548-00005171 of formating one's numbers one's text the easiest way to do that is to add a new
gilzTHi4iDo-00007-00005171-00005709 column in ArcMap and make sure it's a number field and populate it with this
gilzTHi4iDo-00008-00005709-00006332 information so to do that we gonna come over here and we gonna say add
gilzTHi4iDo-00009-00006332-00006956 a field gotta give it a name so we're called new field got to be careful and
gilzTHi4iDo-00010-00006956-00007425 not using special characters like join words like that also cannot have any
gilzTHi4iDo-00011-00007425-00008018 spaces and things like that that's why we put the underscore right there and we need to tell
gilzTHi4iDo-00012-00008018-00008670 it that it's a numbers, so we gonna say it's a double precision number and say okay
gilzTHi4iDo-00013-00008670-00009117 So now we have our new field created we gotta populate this field so I'm gonna
gilzTHi4iDo-00014-00009117-00009645 right-click and so you use the field calculator I get this little warning and
gilzTHi4iDo-00015-00009645-00010422 I'm gonna say new field equals that GeoID10 field that we had over here you can see
gilzTHi4iDo-00016-00010422-00010992 over there now if this is successful it will be right justified and no longer be
gilzTHi4iDo-00017-00010992-00011535 left justify this column will stay here with our new field will be right justified so we are going to say
gilzTHi4iDo-00018-00011535-00012234 ok takes a moment as pull this out just to make sure we're correct and we
gilzTHi4iDo-00019-00012234-00012384 can see it right justified
gilzTHi4iDo-00020-00012384-00012816 so we've now created a new field that we can use in our joining process but we're
gilzTHi4iDo-00021-00012816-00013116 not quite ready to do that I'm just gonna close that down
gilzTHi4iDo-00022-00013202-00014003 I'm gonna go back to Excel and so now we've got the common field here
gilzTHi4iDo-00023-00014003-00014393 we've got a couple problems with the Excel spreadsheet that we downloaded from the Census Bureau when we
gilzTHi4iDo-00024-00014393-00014978 download it as a CVS file but we've got to header rows we gotta get rid of one
gilzTHi4iDo-00025-00014978-00015677 I'm gonna just take the second one I'm  gonna right-click I'm gonna say delete
gilzTHi4iDo-00026-00015677-00016406 so that's deleted but we also have three of the header fields that got special characters
gilzTHi4iDo-00027-00016406-00016964 in it and that won't work either so I'm gonna come in here and say to GEO.id
gilzTHi4iDo-00028-00016964-00017714 is now gonna be just GEOid so that's done and we're doing same thing
gilzTHi4iDo-00029-00017714-00018482 with you GEO.id2 to get rid of period hit Enter and finally we've got two corrections to make on
gilzTHi4iDo-00030-00018482-00019142 this third one get rid of the period get rid of the hyphen and we're putting
gilzTHi4iDo-00031-00019142-00019469 and an underscore in which is a valid character
gilzTHi4iDo-00032-00019469-00020090 ok so we fix that everything else is ok and I'm gonna save this
gilzTHi4iDo-00033-00020357-00020990 yes I want to save it we gotta close it also or this won't work as you cannot have
gilzTHi4iDo-00034-00020990-00021548 an open spreadsheet while you're trying to do this joint process so we closed
gilzTHi4iDo-00035-00021548-00022316 that we're gonna add it as a data field here so that's where my shapefile
gilzTHi4iDo-00036-00022316-00022682 came from come up here
gilzTHi4iDo-00037-00022682-00023531 oops and we gonna add it it's in my download files it's under the ACS_14
gilzTHi4iDo-00038-00023531-00024368 there it is I'm gonna add it and now we're ready to try to do our joint so
gilzTHi4iDo-00039-00024368-00024851 I'm gonna come up here and right click on my shape file we're going to join
gilzTHi4iDo-00040-00024851-00025729 and relate, join tell what field to join we're gonna join that new field it
gilzTHi4iDo-00041-00025729-00026183 found my GEOid2 field we can validate this just to make sure it's gonna
gilzTHi4iDo-00042-00026183-00026525 work right all checked so we should be good there
gilzTHi4iDo-00043-00026525-00027479 we gonna say okay and this joint should be very very quick and we can open the attribute
gilzTHi4iDo-00044-00027479-00028268 table again and now we see all these numerical values here the one that we
gilzTHi4iDo-00045-00028268-00029057 wanna display even though we've completed the join process is this one
gilzTHi4iDo-00046-00029057-00030064 down here called HC04_DC15
gilzTHi4iDo-00047-00030064-00030508 that's the one we gonna wanna display that's median income so let's just do
gilzTHi4iDo-00048-00030508-00030911 that so you can see the result of our joint we gonna Symbology
gilzTHi4iDo-00049-00030911-00031937 Quantities we're trying to find that piece HC04_15 should be pretty far
gilzTHi4iDo-00050-00031937-00033506 down here I think HC04_15 I think that's it
gilzTHi4iDo-00051-00033506-00033821 Yep looks like the right type of numbers hopefully
gilzTHi4iDo-00052-00033821-00035021 we are gonna say apply and we can see the Symbology occurring so we
gilzTHi4iDo-00053-00035021-00035678 have now done our join but we're not quite done because we have to export this file
gilzTHi4iDo-00054-00035678-00036590 so we go to data export data will save it and that's location but we gonna
gilzTHi4iDo-00055-00036590-00038120 say this is Clark Indiana Census Income so that we give it a descriptive
gilzTHi4iDo-00056-00038120-00039008 name of it and we gonna say okay so it's gonna take care of the operation for us
gilzTHi4iDo-00057-00039116-00039470 do you want to add export to the map yes we normally do
gilzTHi4iDo-00058-00039524-00039656 there it is
gilzTHi4iDo-00059-00039656-00040055 we need to redo our Symbology but now we can get rid of this one we
gilzTHi4iDo-00060-00040055-00040514 started with because this is only a temporary place holder now this is
gilzTHi4iDo-00061-00040599-00040983 permanent with that data recorded so we've done a join
gjrJWDdDgtM-00000-00000265-00000827 We're in a Taylor Wimpey show home here. We've come to Northstowe on the
gjrJWDdDgtM-00001-00000827-00001382 occasion of the first people moving into affordable housing. The first residents
gjrJWDdDgtM-00002-00001382-00001711 came in a year ago. These are the first affordable homes that have become
gjrJWDdDgtM-00003-00001711-00002156 available. There are going to be 120 shared ownership
gjrJWDdDgtM-00004-00002156-00002825 homes all together on phase one and 180 for affordable rent, of which these are
gjrJWDdDgtM-00005-00002825-00003386 the first which are actually behind me over that way. On phases one and two
gjrJWDdDgtM-00006-00003386-00003949 there will be a total of over 2,000 affordable homes.
gjT6Gd1nK38-00000-00000010-00000300 Picture News
gjT6Gd1nK38-00001-00000300-00000700 The Rich Life of Neymar
gjT6Gd1nK38-00002-00000764-00001282 Neymar Net Worth
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gjT6Gd1nK38-00004-00001928-00002144 Neymar Car Collection
gjT6Gd1nK38-00005-00002238-00002794 Audi R8 Spyder: $165,000
gnUdYs87Vso-00000-00000093-00000530 “次の停車駅は Wrestle Kingdomだ〜♪”
gnUdYs87Vso-00001-00000580-00001283 その通りだ、ジェフ。 俺たち今最高の波に乗ってる。
gnUdYs87Vso-00002-00001306-00002120 だが、最後の対戦相手は War Machineだ。
gnUdYs87Vso-00003-00002123-00002366 これで最後だな。
gnUdYs87Vso-00004-00002406-00002836 勝ったらWrestle Kingdom、 負けたらヤケ酒だな。
gnUdYs87Vso-00005-00002886-00003170 まぁそう言うことだな。
gnUdYs87Vso-00006-00003173-00003606 波に乗ってる俺たちが 負けるはずがない。
gnUdYs87Vso-00007-00003610-00003890 負けたら…その時は 何を食うんだ？
gnUdYs87Vso-00008-00004070-00004680 勝ったら東京ドームのすぐ近くの ペッパーランチでお祝いだ。
gnUdYs87Vso-00009-00004713-00005220 東京ドームでIWGPタッグチャンピオンに なったら、それが俺たちのご褒美だ。
gnUdYs87Vso-00010-00005220-00005333 息が切れそうだ。
gnUdYs87Vso-00011-00005333-00005470 いいな。楽しみだ。
gnUdYs87Vso-00012-00005473-00005743 ペッパーランチと優勝か。 最高だ。
gnUdYs87Vso-00013-00005763-00005886 君達はどう思う？
gnUdYs87Vso-00014-00005930-00006233 今日はテンコジパワーを もらったな。
gnUdYs87Vso-00015-00006453-00006830 Tanahashi’s hurt. I will pick up the slack.
gnUdYs87Vso-00016-00006846-00007673 I can do it all, fight in Tanahashi’s place,  win the Tag League, challenge for other titles.
gnUdYs87Vso-00017-00007783-00007986 I can go wrestle in Mexico.
gnUdYs87Vso-00018-00007986-00008120 I can be there tomorrow.
gnUdYs87Vso-00019-00008120-00008323 I can be in America the day after.
gnUdYs87Vso-00020-00008323-00008473 I can do anything.
gnUdYs87Vso-00021-00008476-00008613 Leave it to me.
h3xdozl01kU-00000-00000094-00000381 thank you and welcome to our talk
h3xdozl01kU-00001-00000381-00000797 on names and naming in Gorwaa and Iraqw 
h3xdozl01kU-00002-00000797-00000997 a typological Tanzanian perspective
h3xdozl01kU-00003-00000997-00001431 my name is Andrew Harvey and I'm here with my colleague Chrispina Alphonce
h3xdozl01kU-00004-00001431-00001945 and we're going to talk about 
h3xdozl01kU-00005-00001945-00002307 providing some insight into names and naming
h3xdozl01kU-00006-00002307-00002999 in two closely-related Cushitic languages of Tanzania as well as compare and contrast
h3xdozl01kU-00007-00003000-00003495 the patterns with a handful of other Tanzanian languages
h3xdozl01kU-00008-00003600-00003893 before we begin however I'd like to let our audience know
h3xdozl01kU-00009-00003893-00004151 that this talk will be made openly-accessible
h3xdozl01kU-00010-00004151-00004458 both through the DOI given by Zenodo here
h3xdozl01kU-00011-00004458-00004979 as well as the YouTube channel whose link is given whose link is also given on this slide
h3xdozl01kU-00012-00005011-00005211 this project is very much ongoing
h3xdozl01kU-00013-00005211-00005832 so we welcome your continued engagement especially on directions in which we could go
h3xdozl01kU-00014-00005832-00006287 and the trends or details which we may not have seen
h3xdozl01kU-00015-00006405-00006661 South Cushitic languages Gorwaa and Iraqw
h3xdozl01kU-00016-00006661-00006861 are both spoken in Tanzania by approximately 
h3xdozl01kU-00017-00006861-00007268 130,000 and 500,000 people respectively
h3xdozl01kU-00018-00007268-00007602 both are represented here on the map of Tanzania
h3xdozl01kU-00019-00007602-00008246 by two yellow circles indicating roughly where they are spoken
h3xdozl01kU-00020-00008275-00008778 they are among the small number of Cushitic languages spoken in the country
h3xdozl01kU-00021-00008778-00009279 all the others can be found on the genetic tree provided in the upper right-hand corner
h3xdozl01kU-00022-00009295-00009692 and they set themselves apart by their phonology, grammar
h3xdozl01kU-00023-00009692-00009974 as well as the wider cultures of their speaker communities
h3xdozl01kU-00024-00010031-00010465 the photo given here is of Aakó (or grandfather) Lagweén Goti
h3xdozl01kU-00025-00010476-00011112 at Dó' Gwaandú: a special site known for being the past home of a powerful doctor
h3xdozl01kU-00026-00011162-00011558 so, I'm a Canadian linguist who works in Tanzania 
h3xdozl01kU-00027-00011561-00011966 and therefore I necessarily bring an outsider perspective to my work
h3xdozl01kU-00028-00011968-00012327 Chrispina, on the other hand, is an Iraqw linguist
h3xdozl01kU-00029-00012327-00012932 born into the Iraqw language community and approaches this study from an insider perspective
h3xdozl01kU-00030-00012965-00013256 we have both asserted in earlier independent works
h3xdozl01kU-00031-00013256-00013759 That Gorwaa and Iraqw naming traditions are important conduits of local history
h3xdozl01kU-00032-00013767-00014507 and that, simultaneously, they are under considerable pressure from Christian, Muslim, and Swahili naming conventions
h3xdozl01kU-00033-00014549-00015140 and while both of our previous works attempt an internal typology of Gorwaa and Iraqw names and naming
h3xdozl01kU-00034-00015162-00015764 no attempt has been made to place them in the larger context of Tanzanian names and naming systems
h3xdozl01kU-00035-00015795-00016274 this talk will begin with a detailed discussion of names and naming in Gorwaa and Iraqw
h3xdozl01kU-00036-00016274-00016671 distinguishing several independent mechanisms within the larger whole
h3xdozl01kU-00037-00016689-00017248 including name inheritance, circumstantial naming, and talismanic naming
h3xdozl01kU-00038-00017280-00017868 then, drawing on a wealth of newly-available analyses of names and naming in other Tanzanian languages
h3xdozl01kU-00039-00017921-00018297 the Gorwaa and Iraqw systems will be compared and contrasted 
h3xdozl01kU-00040-00018316-00018780 with those present in Bantu-, Hadza-, and Nilotic-speaking communities
h3xdozl01kU-00041-00018806-00019006 and the photo we're looking at here is of
h3xdozl01kU-00042-00019027-00019547 Martini Andrea, Wilbrodi Augustino, and Leonardi Muhindi 
h3xdozl01kU-00043-00019560-00020199 from left-to-right, adorned in the style of Gorwaa <warusee> initiates
h3xdozl01kU-00044-00020400-00021086 so first of all however, we must address the question of why a Tanzanian typology is necessary
h3xdozl01kU-00045-00021119-00021396 the answer to this can be seen somewhat on this map
h3xdozl01kU-00046-00021396-00021966 this is a language map of Tanzania, where each numbered shape designates a language community
h3xdozl01kU-00047-00021966-00022392 in fact Tanzania is one of the most linguistically diverse countries on earth
h3xdozl01kU-00048-00022395-00022654 with over a hundred and twenty languages spoken 
h3xdozl01kU-00049-00022656-00022968 within a territory a bit bigger than France
h3xdozl01kU-00050-00022995-00023251 this diversity forces us to ask ourselves:
h3xdozl01kU-00051-00023262-00023624 is this reflected in how people create and give names?
h3xdozl01kU-00052-00023692-00024065 now, in a slightly different language map of the African continent
h3xdozl01kU-00053-00024065-00024398 we can see that a Tanzanian typology is also interesting
h3xdozl01kU-00054-00024421-00024840 not only is Tanzania (highlighted here in red) linguistically diverse
h3xdozl01kU-00055-00024852-00025440 but it is the only country in which languages from all four major African language phyla are spoken
h3xdozl01kU-00056-00025459-00026058 so we have Cushitic languages like Gorwaa and Iraqw from the Afroasiatic phylum
h3xdozl01kU-00057-00026063-00026516 we have Nilotic languages like Maasai of the Nilo-Saharan phylum 
h3xdozl01kU-00058-00026540-00027022 Bantu languages like Nyamwezi of the Niger-Congo phylum
h3xdozl01kU-00059-00027022-00027458 and more controversially the purported Khoisan language Sandawe
h3xdozl01kU-00060-00027464-00027664 and the language isolate Hadza
h3xdozl01kU-00061-00027664-00028005 this presents to us a rich patchwork
h3xdozl01kU-00062-00028006-00028754 each language a result of centuries and in some cases nearly millennia of interaction and language contact
h3xdozl01kU-00063-00028800-00029242 the area of study is a wonderful place to look at language
h3xdozl01kU-00064-00029255-00029673 linguistic genres, and linguistic arts like names and naming
h3xdozl01kU-00065-00029750-00030365 for this talk, we will look at Gorwaa and Iraqw, the Cushitic languages designated on the map by the circles
h3xdozl01kU-00066-00030368-00030720 Iraqw is the more northerly and Gorwaa is the more southerly
h3xdozl01kU-00067-00030722-00031278 we'll also be looking at the Nilotic language Maasai - here represented by the square
h3xdozl01kU-00068-00031280-00031778 the language isolate Hadza, here represented by a hexagon
h3xdozl01kU-00069-00031781-00031981 and nine Bantu languages
h3xdozl01kU-00070-00032015-00032960 Haya, Jita, Zanzibar Swahili, Nyamwezi, Kagulu, Ndali, Pogolo, Safwa, and Nyakyusa
h3xdozl01kU-00071-00032960-00033293 here represented by triangles
h3xdozl01kU-00072-00033370-00034012 but first, let's take a closer look at Gorwaa and Iraqw, for which I'll give Chrispina the floor
h3xdozl01kU-00073-00034161-00034757 It is important first of all to note that, traditionally, the Gorwaa and Iraqw people
h3xdozl01kU-00074-00034757-00034957 practice patrilocality
h3xdozl01kU-00075-00034991-00035838 that is: following marriage, the woman will live with her husband, typically at or around the household of his father
h3xdozl01kU-00076-00035851-00036530 when a woman gives birth, therefore, she is almost always at the house of her in-laws
h3xdozl01kU-00077-00036551-00037019 returning to her biological parents would be very unusual
h3xdozl01kU-00078-00037019-00037719 so present at the birth are typically her mother-in-law <kumbo’o>
h3xdozl01kU-00079-00037719-00038204 as well as any experienced older women or midwives nearby
h3xdozl01kU-00080-00038226-00038663 in this video, Humuri Hheeke and Boyí /Aamí 
h3xdozl01kU-00081-00038663-00039193 are describing how babies are delivered in the community
h3xdozl01kU-00082-00039370-00039775 a child may be named anywhere from the day of its birth 
h3xdozl01kU-00083-00039775-00040127 up to around 3 months afterwards
h3xdozl01kU-00084-00040127-00040694 ultimately, the responsibility of naming a child rests with the father’s family members
h3xdozl01kU-00085-00040708-00041642 though if a child receives a name and is subsequently, sick, cries more than normal, or behaves badly
h3xdozl01kU-00086-00041642-00042206 it may be renamed in consultation with a traditional doctor <qwaslarumó>
h3xdozl01kU-00087-00042224-00042844 such as Ibrahimu Lawe’i, pictured here with a gourd filled with divining stones
h3xdozl01kU-00088-00042972-00043467 beyond family discussions, or seeking special recourse to the traditional doctor
h3xdozl01kU-00089-00043496-00043989 there are no other major rituals involved in deciding a child’s name
h3xdozl01kU-00090-00044063-00044388 a celebration involving announcing the child’s name 
h3xdozl01kU-00091-00044431-00045060 to the wider community is, however observed among both the Gorwaa people and the Iraqw people
h3xdozl01kU-00092-00045100-00045731 for the Gorwaa people, the child is bathed in water which has been boiled with the bark of the baobab tree
h3xdozl01kU-00093-00045869-00046313 and then a stone is wrapped around the baby’s arm and waist
h3xdozl01kU-00094-00046328-00047031 for the Iraqw people, children are invited from the neighbourhood to welcome and celebrate the newborn baby
h3xdozl01kU-00095-00047049-00047579 and the name is formally decided and told to the larger community
h3xdozl01kU-00096-00047624-00047848 this is an image of Gorwaa musicians 
h3xdozl01kU-00097-00047858-00048577 Theresia Fu’unay, Rose Saytoti, and Monika Elisha, playing music under a baobab tree in Seendó
h3xdozl01kU-00098-00048725-00049200 in naming a child, there are several sources of names which may be used
h3xdozl01kU-00099-00049200-00049546 perhaps the most common is inheriting family names
h3xdozl01kU-00100-00049570-00050337 these names will be those of relatives (most often on the father’s side of the family)
h3xdozl01kU-00101-00050337-00051170 for both Gorwaa and Iraqw, the original owner of the inherited name must already be deceased
h3xdozl01kU-00102-00051191-00052006 to give a child the name of a living relative would be similar to stating that you wished that relative dead! 
h3xdozl01kU-00103-00052053-00052817 these family-based names are ways to commemorate and keep alive a person who has died
h3xdozl01kU-00104-00052884-00053227 an effort to ease grief by symbolic 	reincarnation
h3xdozl01kU-00105-00053227-00053749 a sign of love, and seeking blessing and protection from ancestors
h3xdozl01kU-00106-00053749-00054372 as well as a way of keeping a record and storing the clan names
h3xdozl01kU-00107-00054427-00054957 this is an image of a boy, one of whose names is <Qanjolo>
h3xdozl01kU-00108-00054957-00055386 inherited from a relative of his grandparents’ age
h3xdozl01kU-00109-00055386-00056174 in fact, he didn’t know that this was one of his names until the day this photo was taken
h3xdozl01kU-00110-00056432-00057103 another common source of names is the circumstances directly surrounding the birth of a child
h3xdozl01kU-00111-00057103-00057567 this may be the sighting of a notable animal 
h3xdozl01kU-00112-00057567-00058294 a child may be named <Diraangw> ”lion”, if a lion is seen or heard
h3xdozl01kU-00113-00058296-00058571 weather or the seasons 
h3xdozl01kU-00114-00058571-00059000 a child may be called <Tluway> ‘rain’ in the rainy season
h3xdozl01kU-00115-00059000-00059463 or <Tsaqwaa> ‘cold’ if born during the cold, dry season
h3xdozl01kU-00116-00059484-00060094 events a child may be named <Qwari> “hunger” if born in the time of famine
h3xdozl01kU-00117-00060105-00060582 or <Slaqwara> ”war” if born during a time of conflict
h3xdozl01kU-00118-00060600-00061188 another common topic for circumstantial naming is beer and beer brewing 
h3xdozl01kU-00119-00061188-00061508 which is what is depicted in this video
h3xdozl01kU-00120-00061564-00062229 many children are named after the stages at which the neighbourhood brew is at
h3xdozl01kU-00121-00062241-00062630 and many children are simply named <Bura> “beer”
h3xdozl01kU-00122-00062772-00063501 a limited source of names are used to explicitly protect the child from death
h3xdozl01kU-00123-00063550-00064098 a child may be born following a series of miscarriages or early deaths of previous siblings
h3xdozl01kU-00124-00064098-00064716 in this case, the child may be given one of a handful of names
h3xdozl01kU-00125-00064716-00064961 like <Gwa’i> “death”
h3xdozl01kU-00126-00064961-00065177 <Hheehhaa> “gluttony”
h3xdozl01kU-00127-00065177-00065377 <Waha> “alcoholism”
h3xdozl01kU-00128-00065377-00066088 or, in Iraqw <Hhawu> (a poetic word for “hyena”, the surrogate of the spirits)
h3xdozl01kU-00129-00066218-00066956 these various sources of names come stacked one on top of the other
h3xdozl01kU-00130-00066956-00067374 and therefore make it difficult to determine how somebody got their name
h3xdozl01kU-00131-00067374-00068098 for example, a person named <Hhayma> “journey” may have received their name circumstantially 
h3xdozl01kU-00132-00068098-00068684 (that is, maybe their mother gave birth while travelling to the hospital)
h3xdozl01kU-00133-00068684-00068884 or they may have inherited
h3xdozl01kU-00134-00068919-00069753 (that is, maybe they themselves were not born during a journey, but their grandfather was)
h3xdozl01kU-00135-00069786-00070106 in the video playing, Raheli Lawi explains
h3xdozl01kU-00136-00070106-00070782 that most of her children both inherited a name, and were given a circumstantial name
h3xdozl01kU-00137-00070839-00071598 they all also have a Christian name based on their faith
h3xdozl01kU-00138-00071943-00072401 with this in mind, let's return to attempting a typology
h3xdozl01kU-00139-00072489-00072891 bringing our other languages back into the picture
h3xdozl01kU-00140-00072922-00073215 aside from our first-hand research in Gorwaa and Iraqw
h3xdozl01kU-00141-00073215-00073561 the rest of the information comes from secondary sources
h3xdozl01kU-00142-00073572-00073800 a couple of published books and articles
h3xdozl01kU-00143-00073800-00074574 but mainly a collection of Masters' dissertations written by students at the University of Dodoma and the University of dar es Salaam
h3xdozl01kU-00144-00074574-00074875 each of which has a relatively similar structure
h3xdozl01kU-00145-00074875-00075520 but which each focuses on different aspects of names and naming in the subject language
h3xdozl01kU-00146-00075566-00075931 the parameters of variation which emerged were the following:
h3xdozl01kU-00147-00075954-00076574 here we have some parameters mainly associated with how the name is given, as well as its grammar
h3xdozl01kU-00148-00076609-00077176 and here we have some parameters dealing with the mechanisms by which names are chosen
h3xdozl01kU-00149-00077214-00077576 because of time restrictions we won't attempt to speak to all of these 
h3xdozl01kU-00150-00077576-00077907 but we have chosen a subset to examine more closely
h3xdozl01kU-00151-00078035-00078669 the first parameter, and maybe the messiest in terms of possible responses is "Who gives the name?"
h3xdozl01kU-00152-00078688-00079015 here we can see a range of values
h3xdozl01kU-00153-00079015-00079516 colour-coded for roughly how much say women have (very red if they have a lot) 
h3xdozl01kU-00154-00079516-00079974 versus how much say men have (very blue if they have a lot)
h3xdozl01kU-00155-00080000-00080200 returning to our map
h3xdozl01kU-00156-00080227-00080794 we can see that Gorwaa and Iraqw defer to men, particularly men of the patriclan
h3xdozl01kU-00157-00080832-00081271 we can see that this occurs in several other systems in Tanzania
h3xdozl01kU-00158-00081271-00081742 though for Maasai, Haya, and Ndali, we don't know
h3xdozl01kU-00159-00081930-00082715 Kaguru is a stand-out, in that it is primarily women who decide the name, specifically women of the matriclan
h3xdozl01kU-00160-00082715-00083085 this is most likely due to the fact that the Kaguru are matrilineal
h3xdozl01kU-00161-00083085-00083573 that is, they trace their ancestry through their mothers
h3xdozl01kU-00162-00083656-00084175 Hadza is described as being neither strongly patrilineal nor strongly matrilineal 
h3xdozl01kU-00163-00084175-00084819 one reflection of this is in naming, where both parents decide the name of the child
h3xdozl01kU-00164-00084904-00085477 both parents also decide in Ndali, but we don't have enough data to infer why this is the case
h3xdozl01kU-00165-00085567-00086047 the second parameter I'd like to examine is whether a name can be a verb phrase
h3xdozl01kU-00166-00086047-00086400 both Gorwaa and Iraqw answer no to this question 
h3xdozl01kU-00167-00086400-00086919 though it is not because these languages do not employ names with a verbal origin
h3xdozl01kU-00168-00086919-00087414 in fact, many circumstantial names in both of these languages are deverbal in nature
h3xdozl01kU-00169-00087414-00087686 "deverbal" being a key designation here
h3xdozl01kU-00170-00087693-00088215 take the name <Tahha>: a circumstantial name given to a child if they are born during a fight, for example
h3xdozl01kU-00171-00088215-00088750 the associated verb is <taáhh> "to hit" with a nominalizing ending
h3xdozl01kU-00172-00088750-00088950 a translation would be "hitting"
h3xdozl01kU-00173-00088959-00089370 the name is not a verb, however, but a deverbal noun
h3xdozl01kU-00174-00089400-00090033 compare this to Nyakyusa, one of the Bantu languages which feature verb phrase names
h3xdozl01kU-00175-00090219-00090600 here we can see an example like "Andengenie"
h3xdozl01kU-00176-00090600-00090943 (the tone wasn't indicated, so I'm most likely mispronouncing this)
h3xdozl01kU-00177-00090943-00091787 morphologically, we see that this form behaves exactly like a verb complete with subject marking, object marking, and perfect aspect marking
h3xdozl01kU-00178-00091787-00091987 "he/she has soothed me"
h3xdozl01kU-00179-00092040-00092552 most of the Bantu languages in our sample can do this 
h3xdozl01kU-00180-00092565-00093074 with the exception of Jita and Nyamwezi, highlighted here
h3xdozl01kU-00181-00093115-00094263 Zanzibar Swahili and Pogolo may also use verb phrase names, but they are much more marginal in their respective systems
h3xdozl01kU-00182-00094366-00094774 (pre-)birth circumstantial naming is what we've used to describe names
h3xdozl01kU-00183-00094774-00095357 which are circumstantial but which specifically refer to the pregnancy or to the birth of the name-holder
h3xdozl01kU-00184-00095378-00095845 as you can see from our second table, a language can make use of circumstantial naming
h3xdozl01kU-00185-00095845-00096127 but not refer to the pregnancy or birth
h3xdozl01kU-00186-00096127-00096327 this is the pattern we see for Gorwaa and Iraqw
h3xdozl01kU-00187-00096327-00096711 with circumstantial naming a primary strategy
h3xdozl01kU-00188-00096741-00097116 but few names referring to the actual pregnancy or birth
h3xdozl01kU-00189-00097116-00097524 geographically, the pattern looks like this:
h3xdozl01kU-00190-00097601-00098144 in Maasai, pre-birth circumstantial naming is the primary strategy 
h3xdozl01kU-00191-00098169-00098659 the two Lake Zone languages Haya and Jita make limited use of this strategy 
h3xdozl01kU-00192-00098692-00099392 and once again, Zanzibar Swahili and Pogolo pattern together in not using this strategy primarily in their system
h3xdozl01kU-00193-00099447-00099831 castigatory names are not present in Gorwaa or Iraqw
h3xdozl01kU-00194-00099831-00100200 but are salient enough to merit mention among this audience
h3xdozl01kU-00195-00100200-00100876 these are names which Shönenberger refers to as "Sharp as Arrows" among the Nyamwezi
h3xdozl01kU-00196-00100876-00101605 and are given by a mother to her child in order to indirectly censure her husband or her husband's family
h3xdozl01kU-00197-00101605-00101922 these, again, do not occur in Gorwaa or Iraqw
h3xdozl01kU-00198-00101922-00102442 but are reasonably frequent, seemingly in the western part of our sample
h3xdozl01kU-00199-00102479-00103073 using Nyamwezi as an example we see some examples of children called
h3xdozl01kU-00200-00103086-00103268 𝛃agayile "they hate"
h3xdozl01kU-00201-00103280-00103480 Nhagila "I am neglected"
h3xdozl01kU-00202-00103488-00103938 or Mnyamangulwa "(She) who is scoffed at"
h3xdozl01kU-00203-00103940-00104467 and again, I'm most likely mispronouncing these due to a lack of tone-marking on the original
h3xdozl01kU-00204-00104471-00104911 these names, of course, do not mean that the child is hated or neglected
h3xdozl01kU-00205-00104917-00105760 but instead they are a complaint from the mother, making her plight explicit among her in-laws
h3xdozl01kU-00206-00105888-00106535 finally, we would like to address a pattern which clearly distinguishes Gorwaa and Iraqw from the other languages of our sample
h3xdozl01kU-00207-00106535-00106735 that is, the use of gendered names
h3xdozl01kU-00208-00106780-00107214 where, in Gorwaa and Iraqw, the vast majority of names are unisex
h3xdozl01kU-00209-00107230-00107880 and almost every other language, except for Pogolo, which does have some unisex names
h3xdozl01kU-00210-00107889-00108392 every language has a set of names given to boys and a set of names given to girls
h3xdozl01kU-00211-00108392-00108882 in this sense, Gorwaa and Iraqw are unique in the country
h3xdozl01kU-00212-00108914-00109311 zooming into this further, we have a handful of circumstantial names here
h3xdozl01kU-00213-00109336-00109890 all of which could be given, without further modification, to a boy or a girl
h3xdozl01kU-00214-00109890-00110917 so the name <Amsí> for example, given to a child born at night can be given equally to a girl-child or a boy-child with no further modification
h3xdozl01kU-00215-00110917-00111633 the same thing with <Daafí>, for example, a name given to a child born during the time of day in which the cows are brought back home
h3xdozl01kU-00216-00111644-00112028 again, that name can go to a boy and a girl, et cetera
h3xdozl01kU-00217-00112255-00113136 and we can also see that even circumstantial names clearly associated with an entity of a certain sex, such as <Tiyáy> which literally means "women"
h3xdozl01kU-00218-00113143-00113524 or gendered activities such as <migír> "firewood", or the collection of firewood, 
h3xdozl01kU-00219-00113524-00114131 which is primarily done by women can be given to both boys and girls
h3xdozl01kU-00220-00114203-00115041 in terms of final thoughts, this talk should be seen as the beginning, and not as the end of analysis
h3xdozl01kU-00221-00115041-00115603 in some ways, Gorwaa and Iraqw names and naming are very typical of the sample
h3xdozl01kU-00222-00115603-00115941 in other ways, Gorwaa and Iraqw are very different
h3xdozl01kU-00223-00115941-00116524 three specific suggestions include:
h3xdozl01kU-00224-00116524-00117102 one: a comprehensive review of all of the names provided in each of these works
h3xdozl01kU-00225-00117102-00117685 instead of providing evaluations as “yes”, “no”, and “in-between”
h3xdozl01kU-00226-00117685-00118909 evaluating the percentages of names in a language which conform or do not conform to a certain parameter would allow for the kind of scalar measurements which may be useful to see gradient changes
h3xdozl01kU-00227-00118909-00119229 second: a return to the research methodologies
h3xdozl01kU-00228-00119229-00119940 because many of these works were Masters' dissertations, the data collection method was necessarily simplistic
h3xdozl01kU-00229-00119940-00120401 rather than conducting questionnaires with community elders 
h3xdozl01kU-00230-00120401-00121500 which often results in a picture of the phenomenon as an idealized version of itself - ”how things should be” instead of necessarily “how things are” - 
h3xdozl01kU-00231-00121500-00122466 a less direct form of collection, such as interviews about how they were named, or how they themselves named their children, would be beneficial
h3xdozl01kU-00232-00122466-00123127 lastly: encouraging further research, especially to further fill the map
h3xdozl01kU-00233-00123127-00124146 there are over 100 languages spoken in Tanzania, and this represents only the tip of the iceberg in terms of representation
h3xdozl01kU-00234-00124146-00124982 generalisations and observations of import will only come with a much larger sample size
h3xdozl01kU-00235-00124982-00125182 thank you
h40yOMRUecU-00000-00000148-00000643 Finding Your Way with Resources--Tapping into Conversations to Create Your Research Road
h40yOMRUecU-00001-00000643-00000946 Map
h40yOMRUecU-00002-00000946-00001328 When you first get started on a research paper, you may feel like you have no direction.
h40yOMRUecU-00003-00001328-00001983 Like you're driving along a highway without a map and with no road signs to guide you.
h40yOMRUecU-00004-00001983-00002386 By figuring out the best sources to use for your paper, you're shaping your own thinking
h40yOMRUecU-00005-00002386-00002824 on a topic and providing a sense of direction for your research.
h40yOMRUecU-00006-00002824-00003205 As you read what others have said about an issue, you are tapping into conversations
h40yOMRUecU-00007-00003205-00003717 that will help you decide which direction you want to go in.
h40yOMRUecU-00008-00003717-00004166 When you first start out, though, it may be tempting to rely on easy online sources like
h40yOMRUecU-00009-00004166-00004266 Wikipedia.
h40yOMRUecU-00010-00004266-00004669 While these can be good for getting ideas and determining some of the conversations
h40yOMRUecU-00011-00004669-00005162 that exist about a particular topic, you should never rely on Wikipedia or other sites on
h40yOMRUecU-00012-00005162-00005471 the open web to be your only source of information.
h40yOMRUecU-00013-00005471-00006032 If so, you're likely to lose your way in information sources that are unreliable.
h40yOMRUecU-00014-00006032-00006609 Instead, books can be a great place to start for research on any topic.
h40yOMRUecU-00015-00006609-00007061 While every source has an agenda, and books should always be evaluated to determine what
h40yOMRUecU-00016-00007061-00007597 the author's agenda is, books you find at the library tend to be more scholarly.
h40yOMRUecU-00017-00007597-00008101 They are useful for learning about the context, or "big picture," surrounding a topic.
h40yOMRUecU-00018-00008101-00008617 They can also be good for placing historical information in a larger context and providing
h40yOMRUecU-00019-00008617-00009084 comprehensive, in-depth information and summaries of others' research.
h40yOMRUecU-00020-00009084-00009503 And, rememeber, the library has ebooks as well as print books, so you don't always have
h40yOMRUecU-00021-00009503-00009854 to come to the library.
h40yOMRUecU-00022-00009854-00010256 Have you ever found that you just needed the definition of something or some basic facts
h40yOMRUecU-00023-00010256-00010472 about a topic for your research?
h40yOMRUecU-00024-00010472-00011008 Rather than go to an online source, try using some of the online and print encyclopedias,
h40yOMRUecU-00025-00011008-00011460 dictionaries, and other reference sources available through the library.
h40yOMRUecU-00026-00011460-00011917 You may be surprised to learn how much information there is in these sources that isn't available
h40yOMRUecU-00027-00011917-00012047 on the open web.
h40yOMRUecU-00028-00012047-00012588 So, next time you need to learn about key ideas, find facts, or uncover background information
h40yOMRUecU-00029-00012588-00013181 on a topic, person or event, considering accessing the library's print reference books or see
h40yOMRUecU-00030-00013181-00013890 what we have in some of our reference databases like Gale Virtual Reference Library.
h40yOMRUecU-00031-00013890-00014331 Magazines can be a great gateway into the conversations surrounding a particular topic.
h40yOMRUecU-00032-00014331-00014870 While they are not considered scholarly resources, they can be useful for introducing you to
h40yOMRUecU-00033-00014870-00015284 topics you might want to investigate further.
h40yOMRUecU-00034-00015284-00015773 They are also a good resource for research topics involving popular culture or those
h40yOMRUecU-00035-00015773-00016090 that have not been researched extensively by scholars.
h40yOMRUecU-00036-00016090-00016623 Examples include magazines such as Smithsonian, Newsweek, and Time Magazine.
h40yOMRUecU-00037-00016623-00017189 You can find them just about anywhere, including in the library and in the library databases.
h40yOMRUecU-00038-00017189-00017820 A journal is a collection of articles written by scholars and researchers in an academic
h40yOMRUecU-00039-00017820-00018044 or professional field.
h40yOMRUecU-00040-00018044-00018490 Articles are reviewed by a panel of other experts before they are accepted, a process
h40yOMRUecU-00041-00018490-00018718 known as peer review.
h40yOMRUecU-00042-00018718-00019256 These articles are often referred to as academic, scholarly, or peer reviewed and are considered
h40yOMRUecU-00043-00019256-00019642 to be some of the best sources available for scholarly research.
h40yOMRUecU-00044-00019642-00020150 They usually present original research on a very specific aspect of a topic and can
h40yOMRUecU-00045-00020150-00020556 supplement some of the more general information you may have found in books.
h40yOMRUecU-00046-00020556-00021212 To find articles, look in the library's databases.
h40yOMRUecU-00047-00021212-00021677 For some topics, such as those dealing with current events, newspapers can be one of the
h40yOMRUecU-00048-00021677-00021895 best resources for your research.
h40yOMRUecU-00049-00021895-00022434 However, they are often short and provide up to date reporting on an event without providing
h40yOMRUecU-00050-00022434-00022815 much information about its historical or social context.
h40yOMRUecU-00051-00022815-00023268 Also, you should be especially aware of bias in newspaper articles and be sure to look
h40yOMRUecU-00052-00023268-00023772 at several news sources, including those from other countries, to make sure you are reading
h40yOMRUecU-00053-00023772-00024109 about the story from different angles.
h40yOMRUecU-00054-00024109-00024618 You can also see how historical events were portrayed in the news by looking at articles
h40yOMRUecU-00055-00024618-00024954 that were published at the time an event occurred.
h40yOMRUecU-00056-00024954-00025268 You can find current articles on online news websites.
h40yOMRUecU-00057-00025268-00025860 Most of these sites limit how much content you can read, though, so library databases
h40yOMRUecU-00058-00025860-00026450 like ProQuest Newsstand are also good sources of newspaper articles.
h40yOMRUecU-00059-00026450-00026988 The United States government collects and produces a vast amount of information.
h40yOMRUecU-00060-00026988-00027519 This includes information required for conducting government business and information produced
h40yOMRUecU-00061-00027519-00028120 to educate or share information about government programs, laws, rules, and regulations, our
h40yOMRUecU-00062-00028120-00028425 country's history, plus much more.
h40yOMRUecU-00063-00028425-00028845 Most federal sources, including websites, will tell you where they got their information.
h40yOMRUecU-00064-00028845-00029026 With this detail you have an authoritative source for the information, as well as a phone
h40yOMRUecU-00065-00029026-00029255 number for information contact in somes cases.
h40yOMRUecU-00066-00029255-00029775 So, even though they are websites, government agency websites can often be the most authortiative
h40yOMRUecU-00067-00029775-00030036 source of information for particular topics.
h40yOMRUecU-00068-00030036-00030720 If you are doing research on any type of legislation, education, the environment or health, a government
h40yOMRUecU-00069-00030720-00030943 website can often be a good resource.
h40yOMRUecU-00070-00030943-00031516 Likewise, government sites are often an excellent source of census data and other statistical
h40yOMRUecU-00071-00031516-00031705 information.
h40yOMRUecU-00072-00031705-00032408 Finally, primary sources are original materials created or produced during a particular period
h40yOMRUecU-00073-00032408-00032537 of study.
h40yOMRUecU-00074-00032537-00033182 They can include diaries, letters, interviews, speeches, photos maps, autobiographies, news
h40yOMRUecU-00075-00033182-00033348 footage and more.
h40yOMRUecU-00076-00033348-00033860 They are often an excellent source for research on historical topics and can be found in physical
h40yOMRUecU-00077-00033860-00034509 and online archives, books, and some library databases.
h40yOMRUecU-00078-00034509-00034789 Does it still feel like the road signs are written in Greek?
h40yOMRUecU-00079-00034789-00034944 If so, that's OK.
h40yOMRUecU-00080-00034944-00035354 It can often be difficult to determine what resources will point you in the right direction
h40yOMRUecU-00081-00035354-00035693 for your particular topic.
h40yOMRUecU-00082-00035693-00036059 Just remember that you can always ask a librarian for directions.
h40yOMRUecU-00083-00036059-00036556 We are here to help and can be reached via instant message, email, text, phone or in
h40yOMRUecU-00084-00036556-00037011 person by appointment or at the Start Here desk on the library's first floor.
h40yOMRUecU-00085-00037011-00038234 Just go to www.fresnostate.edu/library/ask_us to find out all the ways you can get research
h40yOMRUecU-00086-00038234-00038256 help.
h5RqWcG_Dqo-00000-00000000-00000320 How To Reduce Video Size Without Losing Quality
h9nnUyji934-00000-00000000-00001592 hi guys today my siblings will chose my avatar yes first my bro
h9nnUyji934-00001-00001823-00002984 i read
h9nnUyji934-00002-00004104-00004112 you
htOCdwN7WoE-00000-00000146-00000320 AFTER EACH DEDICATING TEN YEARS OF SERVICE,
htOCdwN7WoE-00001-00000320-00000527 MILITARY WORKING DOGS DABBY AND OSCAR ARE LAID
htOCdwN7WoE-00002-00000527-00001027 TO REST AND HONORED WITH A MEMORIAL SERVICE.
htOCdwN7WoE-00003-00001354-00001598 THANK YOU VERY MUCH TO THE MANY PEOPLE WHO ATTENDED
htOCdwN7WoE-00004-00001598-00001748 THE CEREMONY.
htOCdwN7WoE-00005-00001748-00002018 I THINK DABBY CAN GO TO HEAVEN PEACEFULLY.
htOCdwN7WoE-00006-00002345-00002582 BOTH DOGS WERE PRESENTED AWARDS AT THE CEREMONY FOR
htOCdwN7WoE-00007-00002582-00002682 THEIR EXCELLENT SERVICE.
htOCdwN7WoE-00008-00002956-00003206 I WORKED WITH DABBY FOR OVER 10 YEARS.
htOCdwN7WoE-00009-00003206-00003379 DABBY GOT A LEVEL 12 AWARD,
htOCdwN7WoE-00010-00003379-00003580 THE HIGHEST AWARD FOR INSPECTION,
htOCdwN7WoE-00011-00003580-00003833 AND SHE WAS GOING TO COME BACK TO JAPAN WITH IT,
htOCdwN7WoE-00012-00003833-00004034 BUT IT DIDN'T HAPPEN BECAUSE THE CONDITION OF
htOCdwN7WoE-00013-00004034-00004134 HER ILLNESS WENT BAD.
htOCdwN7WoE-00014-00004134-00004557 THE HANDLERS MAY GET NEW DOGS,
htOCdwN7WoE-00015-00004557-00004798 BUT DABBY AND OSCAR WILL NOT BE FORGOTTEN.
htOCdwN7WoE-00016-00004798-00005008 PETTY OFFICER KRYSTINA COFFEY,
htOCdwN7WoE-00017-00005008-00005228 FLEET ACTIVITIES SASEBO, JAPAN.
hvZTBqIgyQQ-00000-00000087-00000437 (upbeat electronic music)
hz_ev5bQD4I-00000-00002209-00002930 Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself
hz_ev5bQD4I-00001-00003027-00003227 nameless unreasoning unjustified terror   You are the light of the world
hz_ev5bQD4I-00002-00006147-00006445 To all those watching tonight from beyond our shores from parliament's and palaces, to those that are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of the world;
hz_ev5bQD4I-00003-00006555-00006722 our stories are singular, but our destinies are shared.
hz_ev5bQD4I-00004-00006722-00007516 But we must never forget no government schemes can perfect man. We know that living in this world means
hz_ev5bQD4I-00005-00007673-00008291 dealing with the doctrine of sin. We're enjoined by Scripture of the Lord, Jesus to oppose it with all our might.
hz_ev5bQD4I-00006-00008291-00008491 This is our chance to answer that
hz_ev5bQD4I-00007-00008763-00008983 We're going to build the wall. We have no choice
hz_ev5bQD4I-00008-00009264-00010027 If the president elect Donald Trump It is a big idea, a new world order, a world community.
hz_ev5bQD4I-00009-00010302-00010690 With rummel this is our seed my left
hz_ev5bQD4I-00010-00010830-00011419 Yes, we can build that wall. Yes. We can build that long. Yes
hz_ev5bQD4I-00011-00011420-00011689 We can build that wall yes. We can
hz_ev5bQD4I-00012-00012231-00012551 Who would have thought would be witnessing what we're witnessing
hz_ev5bQD4I-00013-00012642-00012797 so Irish
hz_ev5bQD4I-00014-00012797-00013252 Beware the temptation size it can safely declare yourself real at all
hz_ev5bQD4I-00015-00013347-00013769 Use the mighty voice of your posts and the powerful standing of your testimony
hz_ev5bQD4I-00016-00013820-00014020 They must be made we understand
hz_ev5bQD4I-00017-00014076-00014419 We will never compromise our principles and standards
hz_ev5bQD4I-00018-00014481-00014863 We will never give away our freedom we will never
hz_ev5bQD4I-00019-00014919-00015295 Abandon our belief in God the commandment given us is
hz_ev5bQD4I-00020-00017898-00018098 the fire
hDFzFCA-rmM-00000-00000540-00000840 Learn and Act about... URBAN BIODIVERSITY
hDFzFCA-rmM-00001-00000848-00001076 Biodiversity and fauna
hDFzFCA-rmM-00002-00001308-00001848 We tend to perceive the city as a single structured whole
hDFzFCA-rmM-00003-00001868-00002028 with no ecological importance.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00004-00002044-00002208 However, this is not true.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00005-00002224-00002391 At least, it is not only that.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00006-00002431-00002704 In the city there are old and new buildings,
hDFzFCA-rmM-00007-00002712-00003211 streets, tree-rows, groves, public squares, gardens, sandlots
hDFzFCA-rmM-00008-00003224-00003726 and many more small habitats that constitute a mosaic of small spaces
hDFzFCA-rmM-00009-00003744-00004156 which are of environmental interest and host significant biodiversity.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00010-00004236-00004668 There are also many natural spaces confined inside the urban fabric,
hDFzFCA-rmM-00011-00004686-00005258 for example, streams, hills or wetlands which can be found in some cities.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00012-00005357-00005731 In these areas we encounter some synanthropic species,
hDFzFCA-rmM-00013-00005740-00006203 such as sparrows and pigeons, or some exotic species,
hDFzFCA-rmM-00014-00006212-00006646 like the three species of parrots found in Greece over the last years.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00015-00006704-00007103 There are also some species which are less adapted to human presence,
hDFzFCA-rmM-00016-00007112-00007492 and these are usually the most uncommon and worthy of protection.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00017-00007516-00007993 Some rare wildflowers, birds, insects or other species
hDFzFCA-rmM-00018-00008004-00008374 which are mostly found in natural or semi-natural areas
hDFzFCA-rmM-00019-00008383-00008680 on the borders of or inside the urban fabric.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00020-00008744-00009236 In general, there is rich biodiversity about which little is known,
hDFzFCA-rmM-00021-00009246-00009611 while, in some cases, many people ignore its existence altogether.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00022-00009784-00010303 Our respect for this biodiversity is equivalent to our knowledge, very little.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00023-00010347-00010915 Therefore, we need to try to enhance our knowledge, awareness and respect
hDFzFCA-rmM-00024-00010924-00011108 for the city's biodiversity.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00025-00011139-00011555 The first book on nature in Greek cities was published in 2014,
hDFzFCA-rmM-00026-00011572-00012011 entitled "By Nature, Οur City - Discovering nature in the Municipality of Filothei-Psychiko".
hDFzFCA-rmM-00027-00012056-00012479 This book was about the natural world, the biodiversity found in this municipality.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00028-00012660-00012960 You can contribute to biodiversity preservation. Don't stay uninvolved.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00029-00012972-00013153 Protect biodiversity. Protect life.
hDFzFCA-rmM-00030-00013291-00013644 Thanks to: Mr Petros Kokkalis, MEP Friends and members of PEEGEP
hDFzFCA-rmM-00031-00013652-00013888 www.apokonta.gr www.supertitles.gr
hEJWQnNXMg0-00000-00000029-00000471 Galaxy Restaurant & Night Club (嘉樂斯酒樓夜總會),
hEJWQnNXMg0-00001-00000471-00002100 is located at 19 Rama IV Road (ถนน พระรามที่ ๔), Si Phraya (สี่พระยา), Bang Rak (บางรัก), Bangkok (กรุงเทพฯ), Thailand. 暹羅（Siam），曼谷大京都（Bangkok），挽叻縣（Bang Rak），四丕耶區（Si Phraya），拍喃四路（Rama IV Road），門牌19號。
hEJWQnNXMg0-00002-00002100-00002477 able to entertain 1,000 clients have dinner,
hEJWQnNXMg0-00003-00002477-00002900 daily show time start from 7:45 p.m.;
hEJWQnNXMg0-00004-00002900-00003511 musicians play violin for golden hits from 9:00 p.m., clients can dance in the hall, 
hEJWQnNXMg0-00005-00003511-00004000 such as Waltz, tango and Latin American dance.
hEJWQnNXMg0-00006-00004000-00004428 During 1970s to 1990s,
hEJWQnNXMg0-00007-00004428-00004707 almost all travel tours that came from Hong Kong and Taiwan province,
hEJWQnNXMg0-00008-00004707-00005100 attented Galaxy for eating its famous dish - Roast Suckling Pig, and enjoyed the show,
hEJWQnNXMg0-00009-00005100-00005491 nowadays only those communist bandits travel tours from mainland China will visit this restaurant.
hEJWQnNXMg0-00010-00005491-00005839 Galaxy's boss is Mr. Wang Chih Min (王志民, 1940 to  ),
hEJWQnNXMg0-00011-00005839-00006100 his ancestor was coming from Chiu Yeung county (潮陽縣), Kwangtung province (廣東省), Republic of China (中華民國).
hEJWQnNXMg0-00012-00006100-00006868 At 526 Yaowarat Road (ถนน เยาวราช), Samphanthawong (สัมพันธวงศ์), Bangkok, Thailand,
hEJWQnNXMg0-00013-00006868-00007665 such Chinatown Hotel (โรงแรม ไชน่าทาวน์; 中國大酒店) is also operated by Mr. Wang Chih Min (王志民, 1940 to  ).
hFZGzmPiReg-00000-00000408-00000912 AVIATION MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO HELICOPTER SEA COMBAT SQUADRON TWELVE, KNOW
hFZGzmPiReg-00001-00000912-00001262 THAT JOB PERFORMANCE DOESN'T JUST STOP AT HANGAR BAY DOORS.
hFZGzmPiReg-00002-00001262-00001880 "SAFETY IS A BIG ISSUE BECAUSE THERE'S PILOTS LIVES AT, AT HAND, AT STAKE HERE.
hFZGzmPiReg-00003-00001880-00002293 YOU DON'T WANT TO HAVE ANY MISHAPS OR ANY THING LIKE THAT FROM THE WORK STATIONS ALL
hFZGzmPiReg-00004-00002293-00002444 THE WAY OUT TO WHEN THEY'RE FLYING."
hFZGzmPiReg-00005-00002444-00003123 "IF WE DO SOMETHING WRONG AND THE BIRD ISN'T, ISN'T FUNCTIONING RIGHT IN THE AIR IT'S A
hFZGzmPiReg-00006-00003123-00003834 PRETTY BIG HAZARD SO ESSENTIALLY THEIR LIFE IS IN OUR HANDS AND WE DON'T MESS UP."
hFZGzmPiReg-00007-00003834-00004437 MORE THAN TWO HUNDRED SAILORS HAVE DEDICATED THEIR CAREERS TO THE 10/SH60 SIERRA SEAHAWKS
hFZGzmPiReg-00008-00004437-00004589 OPERATED BY HSC12.
hFZGzmPiReg-00009-00004589-00005237 "IT'S A HUNDRED PERCENT DEDICATION AND EVERYONE THAT I'VE WORKED WITH HERE HAVE DISHED OUT
hFZGzmPiReg-00010-00005237-00005575 THE HUNDRED PERCENT DEDICATION AND THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO ME BECAUSE I FEEL LIKE
hFZGzmPiReg-00011-00005575-00005914 I'M LEARNING FROM THEM AND THEY'RE SHOWING ME A HUNDRED PERCENT DEDICATION I'M GOING
hFZGzmPiReg-00012-00005914-00006118 TO PUT OUT A HUNDRED PERCENT DEDICATION."
hFZGzmPiReg-00013-00006118-00006739 FROM MAJOR OVERHAULS TO A SLIGHT TURN OF A WRENCH, EVERY JOB THESE SAILORS DO AFFECTS
hFZGzmPiReg-00014-00006739-00007163 THEIR ABILITY TO PERFORM AS A MULTI MISSION SQUADRON.
hFZGzmPiReg-00015-00007163-00007750 "LETS SAY THAT ONE OF THEIR MICS GO OUT AND THEY CAN'T COMMUNICATE BACK AND FORTH TO EACH
hFZGzmPiReg-00016-00007750-00008729 OTHER, THEN EVERYTHING FROM THERE ON OUT MAKES IT A LOT HARDER ON THE PILOTS AND ON THE AIRCREW."
hFZGzmPiReg-00017-00008729-00009168 "WITHOUT MAINTENANCE AND ALL THE MAINTAINERS DOING THEIR JOB AND DOING THEIR JOBS WELL
hFZGzmPiReg-00018-00009168-00009828 THERE'S NO WAY WE WOULD BE ABLE TO GO UP INTO THE AIR, FLY, DO OUR MISSIONS, PRACTICE FOR
hFZGzmPiReg-00019-00009828-00010007 OUR MISSIONS."
hFZGzmPiReg-00020-00010007-00010528 BEHIND EVERY FLIGHT OF EVERY MISSION LIES THE HARD WORK, SWEAT, AND DEVOTION OF EVERY
hFZGzmPiReg-00021-00010528-00010790 SINGLE SAILOR IN THIS SQUADRON.
hFZGzmPiReg-00022-00010790-00011190 PETTY OFFICER MICHAEL STORY, NAVAL AIR FACILITY ATSUGI, JAPAN.
hHafNVlrYdc-00000-00000900-00001060 Ciao, sono Sangeeta,
hHafNVlrYdc-00001-00001060-00001260 sono una cittadina indiana che vive a Dubai.
hHafNVlrYdc-00002-00001260-00001460 e mi sono da poco trasferita a Firenze
hHafNVlrYdc-00003-00001460-00001660 e mi è stata data l'opportunità di
hHafNVlrYdc-00004-00001660-00001789 lavorare con Spencer e IED
hHafNVlrYdc-00005-00001789-00001960 per creare questi elaborati
hHafNVlrYdc-00006-00001962-00002200 per ringraziare volontari EMS in Italia.
hHafNVlrYdc-00007-00002202-00002390 Ho creato i miei elaborati
hHafNVlrYdc-00008-00002390-00002720 per dare un tocco di realismo,
hHafNVlrYdc-00009-00002722-00002920 di speranza e di riconoscenza
hHafNVlrYdc-00010-00002922-00003102 per le persone che hanno contribuito
hHafNVlrYdc-00011-00003102-00003300 a creare un mondo migliore per noi,
hHafNVlrYdc-00012-00003300-00003500 per il semplice fatto di essere volontari
hHafNVlrYdc-00013-00003500-00003700 aiutandoci durante un periodo
hHafNVlrYdc-00014-00003700-00003900 davvero terribile.
hHafNVlrYdc-00015-00003900-00004079 Soprattutto in questi ultimi anni
hHafNVlrYdc-00016-00004079-00004320 in cui abbiamo affrontato la pandemia.
hHafNVlrYdc-00017-00004320-00004520 Mi piacerebbe anche dire che
hHafNVlrYdc-00018-00004520-00004720 per certi versi dobbiamo
hHafNVlrYdc-00019-00004720-00004920 la nostra vita
hHafNVlrYdc-00020-00004920-00005000 a questi soccorritori volontari
hHafNVlrYdc-00021-00005002-00005198 che hanno messo la loro a rischio
hHafNVlrYdc-00022-00005198-00005398 per essere al nostro fianco.
hHafNVlrYdc-00023-00005398-00005598 Siamo quindi tutti riconoscenti.
hHafNVlrYdc-00024-00005598-00005798 Grazie mille e spero
hHafNVlrYdc-00025-00005798-00005998 che apprezzerete i miei lavori!
hI6oKjBgIjc-00000-00000000-00000200 Karaoke Kiep Red Black Tone Nam
hMb4mtfZrLY-00000-00000000-00000500 Oi e aí galera do canal tudo bem com
hMb4mtfZrLY-00001-00000500-00000800 vocês no vídeo de hoje eu vou dar uma
hMb4mtfZrLY-00002-00000800-00001200 dica para vocês estarem fazendo uma
hMb4mtfZrLY-00003-00001200-00001600 grana Extra aí tá pessoal através do seu
hMb4mtfZrLY-00004-00001600-00001900 celular ou do seu computador então fica
hMb4mtfZrLY-00005-00001900-00002200 comigo neste vídeo que você não vai se
hMb4mtfZrLY-00006-00002200-00002500 arrepender Valeu pessoal segue a vinheta
hMb4mtfZrLY-00007-00002500-00002600 a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00008-00002600-00002800 é
hMb4mtfZrLY-00009-00002800-00003500 tão bom se você que chegou aqui neste
hMb4mtfZrLY-00010-00003500-00003700 canal de paraquedas e não sabe deixa teu
hMb4mtfZrLY-00011-00003700-00004000 like da teu curte compartilha esse vídeo
hMb4mtfZrLY-00012-00004000-00004200 aí com teu amigo que tá aí precisando de
hMb4mtfZrLY-00013-00004200-00004400 uma grana você também que tá precisando
hMb4mtfZrLY-00014-00004400-00004700 de uma grana assistir esse vídeo até o
hMb4mtfZrLY-00015-00004700-00005100 final pessoal essa dica que eu vou dar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00016-00005100-00005400 para vocês eu já cheguei a fazer até 3
hMb4mtfZrLY-00017-00005400-00005600 mil reais por mês tá E vai depender de
hMb4mtfZrLY-00018-00005600-00005900 você fazer
hMb4mtfZrLY-00019-00005900-00006200 356 não tem limite tá bom pessoal então
hMb4mtfZrLY-00020-00006200-00006500 presta bem atenção Neste vídeo aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00021-00006500-00006800 segue direitinho que você vai conseguir
hMb4mtfZrLY-00022-00006800-00007000 fazer uma grana boa aí e galera Tem
hMb4mtfZrLY-00023-00007000-00007200 muita gente que pergunta como que eu vou
hMb4mtfZrLY-00024-00007200-00007500 aprendendo essas dicas aonde que eu
hMb4mtfZrLY-00025-00007500-00007700 descubro essas coisas aqui que eu faço
hMb4mtfZrLY-00026-00007700-00008000 no canal pessoal vou deixar um blog aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00027-00008000-00008300 ó na descrição é grátis tá pessoal é
hMb4mtfZrLY-00028-00008300-00008600 grátis basta você começar a estudar ele
hMb4mtfZrLY-00029-00008600-00008900 ver as dicas dele que vai abrir a sua
hMb4mtfZrLY-00030-00008900-00009200 mente e você vai começar a achar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00031-00009200-00009500 formas de ganhos aí na internet então o
hMb4mtfZrLY-00032-00009500-00009800 pessoal o site que eu faço essa grana é
hMb4mtfZrLY-00033-00009800-00010000 esse site aqui tá PSOL todos os meses
hMb4mtfZrLY-00034-00010000-00010300 você pode estar fazendo uma renda
hMb4mtfZrLY-00035-00010300-00010600 recorrente aí como que você vai fazer
hMb4mtfZrLY-00036-00010600-00010800 para tá ganhando essa grana então
hMb4mtfZrLY-00037-00010800-00011100 pessoal você vai ter que vir nesse site
hMb4mtfZrLY-00038-00011100-00011300 aqui o link está na descrição faça seu
hMb4mtfZrLY-00039-00011300-00011800 cadastro Vamos fazer um cadastro aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00040-00011800-00012000 rápido você clica que entrar ó e aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00041-00012000-00012300 pessoal nessa telinha aqui você pode
hMb4mtfZrLY-00042-00012300-00012600 escolher o idioma e aqui pessoal você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00043-00012600-00012700 pode usar sua conta de Facebook e ou sua
hMb4mtfZrLY-00044-00012700-00013000 conta de Google para tá fazendo o
hMb4mtfZrLY-00045-00013000-00013200 cadastro nesse site no vídeo de hoje eu
hMb4mtfZrLY-00046-00013200-00013500 vou estar usando a minha conta do Google
hMb4mtfZrLY-00047-00013500-00013600 mas se você não quer usar meu Facebook
hMb4mtfZrLY-00048-00013600-00013800 minha conta do Google você pode
hMb4mtfZrLY-00049-00013800-00014200 diretamente criar sua conta aqui ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00050-00014200-00014500 cadastre-se e aqui você pode estar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00051-00014500-00014800 preenchendo e tá fazendo seu cadastro
hMb4mtfZrLY-00052-00014800-00015000 mas no vídeo de hoje eu vou usar a minha
hMb4mtfZrLY-00053-00015000-00015300 conta do Google
hMb4mtfZrLY-00054-00015300-00015600 bem-vindo ao Pocket option continuar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00055-00015600-00016000 trade na conta demo
hMb4mtfZrLY-00056-00016000-00016200 e como ganhar aqui vídeo tutorial Então
hMb4mtfZrLY-00057-00016200-00016600 pessoal aqui essa tela aqui você já vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00058-00016600-00016800 é perceber como que funciona as coisas
hMb4mtfZrLY-00059-00016800-00017000 tem um vídeo tutorial aqui mas você vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00060-00017000-00017400 seguir as minhas dicas aqui do vídeo e
hMb4mtfZrLY-00061-00017400-00017700 você já vai operar de forma tranquila
hMb4mtfZrLY-00062-00017700-00018000 pessoal aqui ó se você não quer colocar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00063-00018000-00018200 seu dinheiro ainda você quer testar para
hMb4mtfZrLY-00064-00018200-00018400 ver como é que é você pode usar aqui ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00065-00018400-00018700 continuar o trade na conta demo você já
hMb4mtfZrLY-00066-00018700-00019300 recebe $1000 aqui para tá brincando aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00067-00019300-00019400 e vê se você consegue se dar bem nesse
hMb4mtfZrLY-00068-00019400-00019800 negócio para fazer seu site Você vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00069-00019800-00020000 precisar tá com seus dados aqui ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00070-00020000-00020400 E aí
hMb4mtfZrLY-00071-00020400-00020600 é preciso todos os seus dados
hMb4mtfZrLY-00072-00020400-00020900 em Tokyo no meio confirmado que eu vou
hMb4mtfZrLY-00073-00020900-00021200 colocar aqui ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00074-00021200-00021253 e pronto foi enviado em
hMb4mtfZrLY-00075-00021300-00021600 E aí
hMb4mtfZrLY-00076-00021800-00022400 É assim que você ainda não
hMb4mtfZrLY-00077-00022400-00022600 e agora aqui pessoal Você vai precisar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00078-00022600-00022800 preencher com seus dados Tá eu vou
hMb4mtfZrLY-00079-00022800-00023000 preencher seus vocês coloca tudo
hMb4mtfZrLY-00080-00023000-00023300 certinho aqui ó vai precisar mandar seus
hMb4mtfZrLY-00081-00023300-00023600 documentos tá bom porque porque pra você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00082-00023600-00023800 fazer o saque mandar para sua conta
hMb4mtfZrLY-00083-00023800-00024100 bancária pesquisa tá com todos os seus
hMb4mtfZrLY-00084-00024100-00024300 dados certinho aqui tá aqui só os mesmos
hMb4mtfZrLY-00085-00024300-00024500 dados aqui tem são os mesmos dados da
hMb4mtfZrLY-00086-00024500-00024700 conta bancária não tinha um pessoal seja
hMb4mtfZrLY-00087-00024700-00025000 fez seu cadastro tudo bonitinho pessoal
hMb4mtfZrLY-00088-00025000-00025200 aqui ó em salvar ó aqui a pessoal tem a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00089-00025200-00025500 conta dele você já tem mil aqui ó para
hMb4mtfZrLY-00090-00025500-00025800 quê para você brincar para você treinar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00091-00025800-00026100 para você ver se você vai se dar bem
hMb4mtfZrLY-00092-00026100-00026300 nesse negócio então você tem mil reais é
hMb4mtfZrLY-00093-00026300-00026500 para testar eu digo para você faça como
hMb4mtfZrLY-00094-00026500-00026800 eu eu passei muito tempo aqui ó é
hMb4mtfZrLY-00095-00026800-00027000 utilizando essa conta dele aprendendo
hMb4mtfZrLY-00096-00027000-00027300 como é que funcionava E com a dica que
hMb4mtfZrLY-00097-00027300-00027600 eu vou te dar matadora pessoal matadora
hMb4mtfZrLY-00098-00027600-00027800 tá você vai conseguir acertar muito
hMb4mtfZrLY-00099-00027800-00028100 muito muito aqui tá aí depois que você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00100-00028100-00028500 pegar bastante confiança aí você vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00101-00028500-00028700 fazer o quê vou depositar o seu saldo e
hMb4mtfZrLY-00102-00028700-00028900 vai começar a trabalhar com seu dinheiro
hMb4mtfZrLY-00103-00028900-00029200 de verdadebeleza pessoal você já
hMb4mtfZrLY-00104-00029200-00029500 aprendeu como é que funciona e você quer
hMb4mtfZrLY-00105-00029500-00029700 colocar grana e fazer dinheiro aqui você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00106-00029700-00030000 vai vir aqui ó Nessa opção aqui ó e aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00107-00030000-00030200 tem recarregar Fundos A pessoa só fica
hMb4mtfZrLY-00108-00030200-00030400 aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00109-00030400-00030700 ó e aqui pessoal vai aparecer todas as
hMb4mtfZrLY-00110-00030700-00030900 opções de você adicionar saldo aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00111-00030900-00031200 dentro e também aqui ó cartão de crédito
hMb4mtfZrLY-00112-00031200-00031600 ó tá pessoal a outra dica aqui pessoal
hMb4mtfZrLY-00113-00031600-00031800 valor mínimo do depósito $50 Tá bom se
hMb4mtfZrLY-00114-00031800-00032200 você tentar fazer menos que isso não vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00115-00032200-00032400 dar certo passa menino $50
hMb4mtfZrLY-00116-00032400-00032600 como é que você vai fazer isso você pega
hMb4mtfZrLY-00117-00032600-00032900 aí assalto a sua calculadora
hMb4mtfZrLY-00118-00032900-00033200 vamos fazer umas continhas aqui a gente
hMb4mtfZrLY-00119-00033200-00033300 descobrir qual o valor mesmo ela nenhuma
hMb4mtfZrLY-00120-00033300-00033500 aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00121-00033500-00033700 o dólares vezes quanto que tá o dólar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00122-00033700-00034000 para 5
hMb4mtfZrLY-00123-00034000-00034200 bom então valor mínimo aí que você pode
hMb4mtfZrLY-00124-00034200-00034400 depositar é 270
hMb4mtfZrLY-00125-00034400-00034600 há 23
hMb4mtfZrLY-00126-00034600-00034700 E aí
hMb4mtfZrLY-00127-00034700-00035200 o cavalo mining Town
hMb4mtfZrLY-00128-00035200-00035600 E aí pessoal para você tá fazendo
hMb4mtfZrLY-00129-00035600-00035706 retirada $10 tá
hMb4mtfZrLY-00130-00035800-00036100 e como fazer saque
hMb4mtfZrLY-00131-00036200-00036700 e esse aqui tem boleto também pessoal
hMb4mtfZrLY-00132-00036700-00036900 para brasileiro aí a pasta você geral
hMb4mtfZrLY-00133-00036900-00037200 seu boletim e na lotérica em qualquer
hMb4mtfZrLY-00134-00037200-00037400 canto seu aplicativo do celular pagar o
hMb4mtfZrLY-00135-00037400-00037800 boleto três dias vai cair o saldo aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00136-00037800-00038100 você já vai começar a dar fazer os seus
hMb4mtfZrLY-00137-00038100-00038300 a nossa cara como que você faz você vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00138-00038300-00038500 vir aqui ó nesse momento a retirada de
hMb4mtfZrLY-00139-00038500-00038700 fundos Então pessoal aqui quando você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00140-00038700-00039000 tiver saldo você vai conseguir fazer
hMb4mtfZrLY-00141-00039000-00039100 seus saques você vai cadastrar sua conta
hMb4mtfZrLY-00142-00039100-00039400 bancária vai cair direto na sua conta
hMb4mtfZrLY-00143-00039400-00039600 bancária porque querem muito importante
hMb4mtfZrLY-00144-00039600-00040000 você enviasse os documentos lá na parte
hMb4mtfZrLY-00145-00040000-00040300 de perfil de cadastro Porque somente
hMb4mtfZrLY-00146-00040300-00040500 você vai conseguir fazer o saque não tem
hMb4mtfZrLY-00147-00040500-00040700 como outra pessoa vir aqui fazer o saque
hMb4mtfZrLY-00148-00040700-00040900 por isso é importante vocês vocês
hMb4mtfZrLY-00149-00040900-00041200 mandarem os documentos certinho para
hMb4mtfZrLY-00150-00041200-00041500 bater conta bancária com seus dados
hMb4mtfZrLY-00151-00041500-00041700 daqui da do cadastro para que caia
hMb4mtfZrLY-00152-00041700-00041900 certinho na sua conta Valeu pessoal
hMb4mtfZrLY-00153-00041900-00042100 então agora pessoal já vamos começar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00154-00042100-00042500 aqui com a dica matadora você vai vir
hMb4mtfZrLY-00155-00042500-00042700 aqui ó um trade ó e aqui pessoal você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00156-00042700-00043000 não vai escolher 3D rápido você vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00157-00043000-00043200 escolher essa aqui ó trade digital conta
hMb4mtfZrLY-00158-00043200-00043400 demo por quê Porque você ainda não
hMb4mtfZrLY-00159-00043400-00043500 mandou o Real se você tivesse já mandado
hMb4mtfZrLY-00160-00043500-00043800 o dinheiro para sua conta você vir aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00161-00043800-00044100 ó trade conta real então vamos aqui pra
hMb4mtfZrLY-00162-00044100-00044400 gente tá vendo como é que faz vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00163-00044400-00044600 funcionar da mesma forma pessoal só que
hMb4mtfZrLY-00164-00044600-00044900 você vai estar utilizando dinheiro real
hMb4mtfZrLY-00165-00044900-00045200 aqui na conta demo ele já lhe deram esse
hMb4mtfZrLY-00166-00045200-00045300 saldo de mil e você pode estar testando
hMb4mtfZrLY-00167-00045300-00045600 aqui a minha dica que eu vou dar para
hMb4mtfZrLY-00168-00045600-00045800 vocês para ver se funciona Então pessoal
hMb4mtfZrLY-00169-00045800-00046100 nessa tela vou mostrar para vocês como
hMb4mtfZrLY-00170-00046100-00046400 que eu faço tá você vai aqui ó em tempo
hMb4mtfZrLY-00171-00046400-00046800 aqui ó em velas aqui ó tempos das velas
hMb4mtfZrLY-00172-00046800-00047000 e aqui você escolhe 30 minutos tá é o
hMb4mtfZrLY-00173-00047000-00047300 que eu uso pessoal você pode ver aí ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00174-00047300-00047500 qual que vai mas eu vou aqui no 30
hMb4mtfZrLY-00175-00047500-00047800 minutos e pronto
hMb4mtfZrLY-00176-00047800-00048100 eu escolhi vela de 30 minutos aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00177-00048100-00048700 pessoal nesse pa eu costumo usar Euro
hMb4mtfZrLY-00178-00048700-00049200 barra dólar Cadê eurobarra dólar aqui ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00179-00049200-00049600 aqui pessoal eurobarra dólar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00180-00049600-00049800 e pronto clica aqui fora some tão aqui o
hMb4mtfZrLY-00181-00049800-00050100 parque é o costumo usar eurobarra dólar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00182-00050100-00050300 e aqui ó 30 minutos a vela e aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00183-00050300-00050800 pessoal Ó você escolhe Quanto que você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00184-00050800-00051100 quer começar ó 210
hMb4mtfZrLY-00185-00051100-00051500 Quantos dólares você quer começar a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00186-00051500-00051620 postar Vamos colocar aqui 10 não
hMb4mtfZrLY-00187-00051600-00052200 nós vamos colocar aqui 10 e aqui pessoal
hMb4mtfZrLY-00188-00052200-00052400 você é praticamente dizer o que que vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00189-00052400-00052800 acontecer daqui para frente dentro de
hMb4mtfZrLY-00190-00052800-00053000 meia hora vai subir ou vai descer eu não
hMb4mtfZrLY-00191-00053000-00053100 sei se vai descer se vai subir preste
hMb4mtfZrLY-00192-00053100-00053400 atenção na dica que eu vou te dar agora
hMb4mtfZrLY-00193-00053400-00053800 para você já começar a tá fazendo
hMb4mtfZrLY-00194-00053800-00054000 dinheiro seguindo essa Minha estratégia
hMb4mtfZrLY-00195-00054000-00054200 esse meu setup vamos lá pessoal presta
hMb4mtfZrLY-00196-00054200-00054500 atenção a pessoa esqueci de falar para
hMb4mtfZrLY-00197-00054500-00054600 vocês como é que funciona Olha só como
hMb4mtfZrLY-00198-00054600-00054800 eu quando você for escolher o parque
hMb4mtfZrLY-00199-00054800-00055200 você veja aqui a porcentagem A Fazenda
hMb4mtfZrLY-00200-00055200-00055400 aqui ó 84 por cento tá pagando casa a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00201-00055400-00056000 gente assistir E aí o que que acontece
hMb4mtfZrLY-00202-00056000-00056300 se você tá colocando $10 Quanto que é 84
hMb4mtfZrLY-00203-00056300-00056700 por cento então de $10 você vai ganhar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00204-00056700-00056900 $8 e 40 centavos Então pessoal mais uma
hMb4mtfZrLY-00205-00056900-00057200 vez eu vou explicar aqui ó você tá aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00206-00057200-00057500 na operação e você tem essas duas opção
hMb4mtfZrLY-00207-00057500-00057800 você tem a opção de dizer se vai subir
hMb4mtfZrLY-00208-00057800-00058000 ou se vai a partir desse momento aqui tá
hMb4mtfZrLY-00209-00058000-00058300 Então pessoal dentro dessas meia hora
hMb4mtfZrLY-00210-00058300-00058600 aqui ó vai passar meia hora a sua
hMb4mtfZrLY-00211-00058600-00058900 operação se você escolher que vai cair e
hMb4mtfZrLY-00212-00058900-00059100 se ela continuar caindo quando fechar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00213-00059100-00059400 essas meia hora você ganhou a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00214-00059400-00059700 porcentagem se você disser que vai subir
hMb4mtfZrLY-00215-00059700-00060000 e ela Continuará subindo quando até
hMb4mtfZrLY-00216-00060000-00060200 fechar a Kendall aqui fechar aqui a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00217-00060200-00060600 barra de 30 minutos você vai ganhar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00218-00060600-00060900 agora se você falar que vai subir e ela
hMb4mtfZrLY-00219-00060900-00061200 começará a cair quando fechar isso aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00220-00061200-00061500 você perdeu agora vem a estratégia para
hMb4mtfZrLY-00221-00061500-00061900 você Tá acertando essas apostas que você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00222-00061900-00062200 está faz beleza eu escolhi o que o Euro
hMb4mtfZrLY-00223-00062200-00062300 eo SD 30 minutos agora pessoal a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00224-00062300-00062700 estratégia o seguinte você vai entrar no
hMb4mtfZrLY-00225-00062700-00062800 Google tá e vai procurar pelo site
hMb4mtfZrLY-00226-00062800-00063100 chamado um
hMb4mtfZrLY-00227-00063100-00063400 I version
hMb4mtfZrLY-00228-00063400-00063700 e tem um Eniac
hMb4mtfZrLY-00229-00063700-00063800 e pronto agora Pessoal vocês vão entrar
hMb4mtfZrLY-00230-00063800-00064100 aqui ó nesse
hMb4mtfZrLY-00231-00064100-00064400 invest.com aqui ó com br na frente que é
hMb4mtfZrLY-00232-00064400-00064700 Brasil vamos entrar aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00233-00064700-00065000 aqui é que tá a dica pessoal aqui é que
hMb4mtfZrLY-00234-00065000-00065300 tá a estratégia presta atenção presta
hMb4mtfZrLY-00235-00065300-00065600 atenção agora eu quero ver se esse like
hMb4mtfZrLY-00236-00065600-00065800 não vai sair bota o teu like porque
hMb4mtfZrLY-00237-00065800-00066100 agora vou a sua mente vai bombar esse
hMb4mtfZrLY-00238-00066100-00066400 site aqui ele dá muitas informações
hMb4mtfZrLY-00239-00066400-00066700 financeiras de investimento de negócios
hMb4mtfZrLY-00240-00066700-00066900 Então você fica de olho nele aqui e aí
hMb4mtfZrLY-00241-00066900-00067200 pessoal você vai vir aqui nessa
hMb4mtfZrLY-00242-00067200-00067400 ferramenta aqui ó técnicas e resumo
hMb4mtfZrLY-00243-00067400-00067500 técnico
hMb4mtfZrLY-00244-00067700-00068400 em abril aqui nessa tela você vem aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00245-00068400-00068600 olha pessoal que interessante aqui nessa
hMb4mtfZrLY-00246-00068600-00068800 parte aqui do site o câmbio ele vai te
hMb4mtfZrLY-00247-00068800-00069100 mostrar aqui os pais né você vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00248-00069100-00069300 escolher o mesmo Paquetá lá no sistema a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00249-00069300-00069700 gente escolheu aqui ó Euro SD você pode
hMb4mtfZrLY-00250-00069700-00069900 escolher outro para aqui tá e você pode
hMb4mtfZrLY-00251-00069900-00070200 estar escolhendo também aqui no site tá
hMb4mtfZrLY-00252-00070200-00070700 para você tá vendo aqui ó o s de barra
hMb4mtfZrLY-00253-00070700-00071000 jpy aqui ó você ó tá dando setenta por
hMb4mtfZrLY-00254-00071000-00071300 cento então aqui pessoal você escolhe a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00255-00071300-00071700 que você escolheu aqui a estratégia é
hMb4mtfZrLY-00256-00071700-00072000 [ __ ] é essa você vai pesquisar aqui se
hMb4mtfZrLY-00257-00072000-00072200 aqui tá forte venda se tá ó dentro dos
hMb4mtfZrLY-00258-00072200-00072500 minutos aqui ó você pode ver a cinco
hMb4mtfZrLY-00259-00072500-00072700 minutos 15 minutos hora aí aqui ó com
hMb4mtfZrLY-00260-00072700-00073000 base nisso aqui você vai vir aqui e vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00261-00073000-00073200 escolher o que que vai fazer tá você tem
hMb4mtfZrLY-00262-00073200-00073500 a probabilidade de acertar porque aqui ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00263-00073500-00073900 é um site que tá toda hora monitorando e
hMb4mtfZrLY-00264-00073900-00074200 tá dando a Yasmim o certinho e aí você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00265-00074200-00074500 vai ter base para tomar a decisão mais
hMb4mtfZrLY-00266-00074500-00074700 próximo de acerto pessoal agora vamos
hMb4mtfZrLY-00267-00074700-00075200 para outra aqui ó você vem aqui técnica
hMb4mtfZrLY-00268-00075200-00075440 Aí você vem aqui indicadores agora
hMb4mtfZrLY-00269-00075500-00076000 ó e aqui pessoal é a dica matadouro aqui
hMb4mtfZrLY-00270-00076000-00076200 ele tá te dando aqui ó o quê que os
hMb4mtfZrLY-00271-00076200-00076500 mercados estão fazendo nesse exato
hMb4mtfZrLY-00272-00076500-00076700 momento então você pode tomar por base
hMb4mtfZrLY-00273-00076700-00077000 aqui ó para tomar sua decisão aqui no
hMb4mtfZrLY-00274-00077000-00077200 investimento Então fique muito ligado
hMb4mtfZrLY-00275-00077200-00077400 nisso aqui ó pessoa que essa dica que
hMb4mtfZrLY-00276-00077400-00077700 isso aqui vale ouro tá vale ouro olha só
hMb4mtfZrLY-00277-00077700-00077900 aqui no indicador Euro/USB que é o que a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00278-00077900-00078100 gente está trabalhando aqui ó que que
hMb4mtfZrLY-00279-00078100-00078500 ele tá dizendo aqui ó venda forte
hMb4mtfZrLY-00280-00078500-00078700 pessoal bem da forte então ó resumo de
hMb4mtfZrLY-00281-00078700-00078900 indicadores e meia hora tá dizendo que é
hMb4mtfZrLY-00282-00078900-00079000 forte venda Então pessoal O que que a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00283-00079000-00079300 gente tem que fazer aqui a gente tem que
hMb4mtfZrLY-00284-00079300-00079600 colocar em Venda pessoal você vê essa
hMb4mtfZrLY-00285-00079600-00079900 outra moeda aqui ó gbp o sd aqui ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00286-00079900-00080200 compra forte Então é assim que você vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00287-00080200-00080400 tomar sua decisão tá bom pessoal preste
hMb4mtfZrLY-00288-00080400-00080600 bem atenção aqui ó você atende a isso
hMb4mtfZrLY-00289-00080600-00080800 aqui ó e toma sua decisão aqui na hora
hMb4mtfZrLY-00290-00080800-00081000 de fazer o seu investimento Então
hMb4mtfZrLY-00291-00081000-00081400 pessoal vamos fazer aqui um teste não
hMb4mtfZrLY-00292-00081400-00081800 coloca aqui no de um minuto que a gente
hMb4mtfZrLY-00293-00081800-00081933 está fazendo oi lá
hMb4mtfZrLY-00294-00081800-00082400 e no site Vamos descer aqui ó para que
hMb4mtfZrLY-00295-00082400-00082600 pessoal num minuto tá dando aqui ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00296-00082600-00082900 compra compra compra compra uma venda
hMb4mtfZrLY-00297-00082900-00083000 meu dois neutros 7 contas vamos fazer o
hMb4mtfZrLY-00298-00083000-00083300 teste pessoal vamos fazer Um textinho
hMb4mtfZrLY-00299-00083300-00083700 aqui ó vamos vir aqui escolhi aqui Euro
hMb4mtfZrLY-00300-00083700-00083900 SD e vou coloquei aqui no timer 5
hMb4mtfZrLY-00301-00083900-00084400 minutos cadela cinco minutos cinco
hMb4mtfZrLY-00302-00084400-00084660 minutos cinco minutos aqui ó minutos 5
hMb4mtfZrLY-00303-00084400-00084900 ó e aqui pessoal já escolhi cinco
hMb4mtfZrLY-00304-00084900-00085200 minutos cinco minuto lá e lá tá dando o
hMb4mtfZrLY-00305-00085200-00085400 que tá dando compra forte Então vamos
hMb4mtfZrLY-00306-00085400-00085700 colocar aqui ó forte compra
hMb4mtfZrLY-00307-00085700-00086000 e vamos ver a partir de agora que a
hMb4mtfZrLY-00308-00086000-00086300 gente fez a entrada ela tem que subir
hMb4mtfZrLY-00309-00086300-00086500 até cinco minutos quando fechar os cinco
hMb4mtfZrLY-00310-00086500-00086700 minutos a gente vai ver se a gente
hMb4mtfZrLY-00311-00086700-00086800 ganhou
hMb4mtfZrLY-00312-00087000-00087500 e vamos ver nossa conta demo aqui ó
hMb4mtfZrLY-00313-00087500-00087800 vocês podem ver que já ficou 990 porque
hMb4mtfZrLY-00314-00087800-00088000 a gente investiu 10 e a gente investiu e
hMb4mtfZrLY-00315-00088000-00088400 que que vai subir
hMb4mtfZrLY-00316-00088400-00088540 e vamos ver vamos ver
hMb4mtfZrLY-00317-00089000-00089400 e olha lá olha lá
hMb4mtfZrLY-00318-00089400-00090100 e olha lá em cinco minutos vamos ver se
hMb4mtfZrLY-00319-00090100-00090106 a gente vai ganhar esses 18 aí
hMb4mtfZrLY-00320-00090300-00091300 e os 8:40 a gente entrou com 10 sem que
hMb4mtfZrLY-00321-00091300-00091400 ganhar a gente vai ter 18 e 40
hMb4mtfZrLY-00322-00091400-00091700 E aí
hMb4mtfZrLY-00323-00091900-00092300 Olá pessoal isso aqui a conta demo você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00324-00092300-00092500 pode utilizar para ficar brincando aí e
hMb4mtfZrLY-00325-00092500-00092900 quando você tiver certeza você tinha que
hMb4mtfZrLY-00326-00092900-00093200 tiver confiança aí o lá ó olha lá olha
hMb4mtfZrLY-00327-00093200-00093500 lá a gente ganhou aqui pessoal olha só
hMb4mtfZrLY-00328-00093500-00093700 aqui ó 8:40 tá vendo Pessoal vocês vão
hMb4mtfZrLY-00329-00093700-00093900 brincando vou treinando aí quando você
hMb4mtfZrLY-00330-00093900-00094100 tiver bastante confiança aí você vem
hMb4mtfZrLY-00331-00094100-00094400 para a sua conta principal sai da conta
hMb4mtfZrLY-00332-00094400-00094600 demo e começa a investir com base nessa
hMb4mtfZrLY-00333-00094600-00094800 técnica aqui que eu dei para você está
hMb4mtfZrLY-00334-00094800-00095000 bom pessoal Então pessoal eu gosto
hMb4mtfZrLY-00335-00095000-00095300 sempre de usar o de meia hora tá então
hMb4mtfZrLY-00336-00095300-00095600 você vai escolher o tempo aqui você vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00337-00095600-00095700 escolher o tempo certo aqui ó tá meia
hMb4mtfZrLY-00338-00095700-00095900 hora eu coloquei cinco minutos que é
hMb4mtfZrLY-00339-00095900-00096100 para vocês ver como que funciona tá
hMb4mtfZrLY-00340-00096100-00096300 então você escolhe meia hora lá meia
hMb4mtfZrLY-00341-00096300-00096400 hora aqui eu gosto de usar sempre de
hMb4mtfZrLY-00342-00096400-00096700 meia hora
hMb4mtfZrLY-00343-00096700-00096900 você vê aí qual que vai
hMb4mtfZrLY-00344-00096900-00097200 ser melhor para o seu os seus
hMb4mtfZrLY-00345-00097200-00097500 investimentos e aí você usa essa técnica
hMb4mtfZrLY-00346-00097500-00097600 para você tá ganhando Então pessoal eu
hMb4mtfZrLY-00347-00097600-00097900 espero que vocês tenham gostado dessa
hMb4mtfZrLY-00348-00097900-00098200 dica aí link está na descrição para o
hMb4mtfZrLY-00349-00098200-00098600 cadastro tá bom pessoal um forte abraço
hMb4mtfZrLY-00350-00098600-00098866 a todos fique com Deus e tchau tchau fui
hpWz40_v-Au-00000-00000011-00000317 what can save my marriage when everything seems hopeless
hpWz40_v-Au-00001-00000317-00000689 marriage is considered a sacred institution by most of the world's
hpWz40_v-Au-00002-00000689-00000777 religions
hpWz40_v-Au-00003-00000777-00001157 it is the foundation of the family which in turn
hpWz40_v-Au-00004-00001157-00001666 is the foundation for society. so there is a lot of emphasis on saving a
hpWz40_v-Au-00005-00001666-00001732 marriage
hpWz40_v-Au-00006-00001732-00002121 but that doesn't mean that marriages today don't run into trouble
hpWz40_v-Au-00007-00002121-00002511 the changing roles of men and women, financial pressures
hpWz40_v-Au-00008-00002511-00002909 and difficulties with children all make it hard to make marriages work.
hpWz40_v-Au-00009-00002909-00003393 so who do you turn to? perhaps the best place to look is the institution that
hpWz40_v-Au-00010-00003393-00003594 values marriage more than any other:
hpWz40_v-Au-00011-00003594-00004110 the church. while a clinical psychologist or licensed family therapist will take
hpWz40_v-Au-00012-00004110-00004410 an individualistic approach to marriage counseling
hpWz40_v-Au-00013-00004410-00004803 a pastor will focus on making marriage work in a moralistic sense.
hpWz40_v-Au-00014-00004803-00005244 overall this is a better chance of actually saving the marriage
hpWz40_v-Au-00015-00005244-00005634 why is a pastoral counselor better than a secular therapist?
hpWz40_v-Au-00016-00005634-00006173 a secular therapists education focuses almost entirely on treating individual
hpWz40_v-Au-00017-00006173-00006357 psychopathologies.
hpWz40_v-Au-00018-00006357-00006758 even marriage and family designated counselors may have only one class or
hpWz40_v-Au-00019-00006758-00007052 elective dealing specifically with couples therapy.
hpWz40_v-Au-00020-00007052-00007356 do you think this approach can save marriage?
hpWz40_v-Au-00021-00007356-00007839 a pastoral counselor on the other hand will be educated in how to bring couples
hpWz40_v-Au-00022-00007839-00007948 closer together.
hpWz40_v-Au-00023-00007948-00008270 with the exception of abuse in the relationship
hpWz40_v-Au-00024-00008270-00008571 they have the fundamental belief that once the vows are taken,
hpWz40_v-Au-00025-00008571-00009039 the marriage is forever. some pastoral counselors have formal education and
hpWz40_v-Au-00026-00009039-00009113 counseling
hpWz40_v-Au-00027-00009113-00009565 more and more seminaries are offering pastoral counseling degrees
hpWz40_v-Au-00028-00009565-00010020 but even ministers without a formal degree take classes and seminars in the
hpWz40_v-Au-00029-00010020-00010311 subject if you don't have a church home
hpWz40_v-Au-00030-00010311-00010636 you might have some difficulty finding a pastor to help you
hpWz40_v-Au-00031-00010636-00011081 and you don't have six months to establish membership in a church before
hpWz40_v-Au-00032-00011081-00011228 approaching the pastor
hpWz40_v-Au-00033-00011228-00011660 in this case you can call various churches and ask them if they have any
hpWz40_v-Au-00034-00011660-00012006 upcoming couples retreats where you can save a marriage through the
hpWz40_v-Au-00035-00012006-00012402 weekend seminars once you have established a relationship with a
hpWz40_v-Au-00036-00012402-00012592 skilled pastorelli settings
hpWz40_v-Au-00037-00012592-00012969 you may be able to do follow-up counselor with the same person
hpWz40_v-Au-00038-00012969-00013440 a good couples retreat will help you deal with many different types of issues
hpWz40_v-Au-00039-00013440-00013759 there will be group sessions in Cup live sessions
hpWz40_v-Au-00040-00013759-00014150 you will also have time to work on questions individually
hpWz40_v-Au-00041-00014150-00014462 communication is a big issue with these conferences
hpWz40_v-Au-00042-00014462-00014769 if you can work on your communications issues
hpWz40_v-Au-00043-00014769-00015166 you will find that the other pieces of the relationship fall into place
hpWz40_v-Au-00044-00015166-00015628 sex finances and child raising are also addressed
hpWz40_v-Au-00045-00015628-00016076 the goal is to get you back on track in every aspect of your relationship
hpWz40_v-Au-00046-00016076-00016387 you dont have to be on the same page going %um
hpWz40_v-Au-00047-00016387-00016754 but the hope is that you will be when you leave marriage is tough
hpWz40_v-Au-00048-00016754-00017123 sometimes it seems like the relationship cannot endure
hpWz40_v-Au-00049-00017123-00017523 but there are so many reasons to see if you can't make it work
hpWz40_v-Au-00050-00017523-00017926 in this case consider seeing if a pastor can save your marriage
hpWz40_v-Au-00051-00017926-00018258 if you're looking for helpful tips for how to get your ex back,
hpWz40_v-Au-00052-00018258-00018469 follow the link in the description below
hQiczeq8qbQ-00000-00000010-00000120 ALSO, FOSSTON KICKS OFF THEIR
hQiczeq8qbQ-00001-00000120-00000126 ALSO, FOSSTON KICKS OFF THEIR  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00002-00000126-00000310 ALSO, FOSSTON KICKS OFF THEIR POST-SEASON WITH THE WIN.
hQiczeq8qbQ-00003-00000310-00000316 ALSO, FOSSTON KICKS OFF THEIR POST-SEASON WITH THE WIN.  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00004-00000316-00000483 ALSO, FOSSTON KICKS OFF THEIR POST-SEASON WITH THE WIN. SECTION 5-A
hQiczeq8qbQ-00005-00000483-00000490 POST-SEASON WITH THE WIN. SECTION 5-A  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00006-00000490-00000613 POST-SEASON WITH THE WIN. SECTION 5-A WALKER-HACKENSACK-AKELEY VERSUS
hQiczeq8qbQ-00007-00000613-00000620 SECTION 5-A WALKER-HACKENSACK-AKELEY VERSUS  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00008-00000620-00000667 SECTION 5-A WALKER-HACKENSACK-AKELEY VERSUS PINE RIVER-BACKUS.
hQiczeq8qbQ-00009-00000667-00000673 WALKER-HACKENSACK-AKELEY VERSUS PINE RIVER-BACKUS.  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00010-00000673-00000790 WALKER-HACKENSACK-AKELEY VERSUS PINE RIVER-BACKUS. FIRST HALF, THE WOLVES WERE
hQiczeq8qbQ-00011-00000790-00000797 PINE RIVER-BACKUS. FIRST HALF, THE WOLVES WERE  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00012-00000797-00000977 PINE RIVER-BACKUS. FIRST HALF, THE WOLVES WERE READY TO GO.
hQiczeq8qbQ-00013-00000977-00000984 FIRST HALF, THE WOLVES WERE READY TO GO.  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00014-00000984-00001117 FIRST HALF, THE WOLVES WERE READY TO GO. NATHANIEL ARMSTRONG DOWN THE
hQiczeq8qbQ-00015-00001117-00001124 READY TO GO. NATHANIEL ARMSTRONG DOWN THE  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00016-00001124-00001187 READY TO GO. NATHANIEL ARMSTRONG DOWN THE LANE.
hQiczeq8qbQ-00017-00001187-00001194 NATHANIEL ARMSTRONG DOWN THE LANE.  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00018-00001194-00001334 NATHANIEL ARMSTRONG DOWN THE LANE. LITTLE TEARDROP TICKLES THE
hQiczeq8qbQ-00019-00001334-00001341 LANE. LITTLE TEARDROP TICKLES THE  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00020-00001341-00001458 LANE. LITTLE TEARDROP TICKLES THE TWINE 13-5 RUN.
hQiczeq8qbQ-00021-00001458-00001464 LITTLE TEARDROP TICKLES THE TWINE 13-5 RUN.  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00022-00001464-00001855 LITTLE TEARDROP TICKLES THE TWINE 13-5 RUN. THE TIGERS DIDN'T GO AWAY.
hQiczeq8qbQ-00023-00001855-00001861 TWINE 13-5 RUN. THE TIGERS DIDN'T GO AWAY.  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00024-00001861-00001995 TWINE 13-5 RUN. THE TIGERS DIDN'T GO AWAY. ACKERMAN GETS THE PASS AND
hQiczeq8qbQ-00025-00001995-00002001 THE TIGERS DIDN'T GO AWAY. ACKERMAN GETS THE PASS AND  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00026-00002001-00002118 THE TIGERS DIDN'T GO AWAY. ACKERMAN GETS THE PASS AND BURIES THE TRIPLE FROM THE WING.
hQiczeq8qbQ-00027-00002118-00002125 ACKERMAN GETS THE PASS AND BURIES THE TRIPLE FROM THE WING.  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00028-00002125-00002429 ACKERMAN GETS THE PASS AND BURIES THE TRIPLE FROM THE WING. THAT MAKES IT A TWO POINT GAME.
hQiczeq8qbQ-00029-00002429-00002435 BURIES THE TRIPLE FROM THE WING. THAT MAKES IT A TWO POINT GAME.  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00030-00002435-00002742 BURIES THE TRIPLE FROM THE WING. THAT MAKES IT A TWO POINT GAME. BUT WHA HAD THE ANSWER ALL
hQiczeq8qbQ-00031-00002742-00002749 THAT MAKES IT A TWO POINT GAME. BUT WHA HAD THE ANSWER ALL  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00032-00002749-00002796 THAT MAKES IT A TWO POINT GAME. BUT WHA HAD THE ANSWER ALL NIGHT.
hQiczeq8qbQ-00033-00002796-00002802 BUT WHA HAD THE ANSWER ALL NIGHT.  
hQiczeq8qbQ-00034-00002802-00003003 BUT WHA HAD THE ANSWER ALL NIGHT. HE HITS THE GLASS, LOOK AT THE
hRfTHGefZmg-00000-00000200-00000320 [MUSIC]
hRfTHGefZmg-00001-00000320-00000690 >> Hey everybody, the Patch and Switch Consultancy back again with
hRfTHGefZmg-00002-00000690-00000953 the last and final piece to
hRfTHGefZmg-00003-00000954-00001263 the unofficial end user Guide to Microsoft Ignite.
hRfTHGefZmg-00004-00001263-00001380 We have a friend,
hRfTHGefZmg-00005-00001380-00001673 we have a very special friend for this last episode.
hRfTHGefZmg-00006-00001674-00001938 >> Correct. She's a little bit of behind
hRfTHGefZmg-00007-00001938-00002292 the scenes woman but we have managed to track down and
hRfTHGefZmg-00008-00002292-00002652 get onto the very busy schedule of none other than
hRfTHGefZmg-00009-00002652-00003084 Senior Executive Producer, Angela King.
hRfTHGefZmg-00010-00003084-00003356 Joining us today, here in-studio remotely
hRfTHGefZmg-00011-00003356-00003714 via Microsoft Teams. Welcome.
hRfTHGefZmg-00012-00003714-00003956 >> Thank you. I am so excited to be here.
hRfTHGefZmg-00013-00003956-00004175 I finally get to do the fun part.
hRfTHGefZmg-00014-00004175-00004448 >> Now, you haven't told your boss or
hRfTHGefZmg-00015-00004448-00004589 your management chain that you're on
hRfTHGefZmg-00016-00004589-00004797 the unofficial end user guide,
hRfTHGefZmg-00017-00004797-00004937 they don't know this. Okay.
hRfTHGefZmg-00018-00004937-00005051 >> Not yet.
hRfTHGefZmg-00019-00005051-00005198 It will be a surprise to share with them later today.
hRfTHGefZmg-00020-00005198-00005400 >> The good thing is that,
hRfTHGefZmg-00021-00005400-00005525 maybe they don't watch it,
hRfTHGefZmg-00022-00005525-00005633 so they'll never even know.
hRfTHGefZmg-00023-00005633-00005784 Only our fans will notice here.
hRfTHGefZmg-00024-00005784-00006093 >> I don't know. You guys are pretty famous on our team.
hRfTHGefZmg-00025-00006093-00006428 >> Now not everybody knows that Angela,
hRfTHGefZmg-00026-00006428-00006567 I probably shouldn't say this,
hRfTHGefZmg-00027-00006567-00006717 she's our inside source.
hRfTHGefZmg-00028-00006717-00006830 This is how we get all of
hRfTHGefZmg-00029-00006830-00007073 the amazing information that we can bring to you.
hRfTHGefZmg-00030-00007073-00007258 But Angela, I've got a comment.
hRfTHGefZmg-00031-00007258-00007458 You've got quite the background.
hRfTHGefZmg-00032-00007458-00007916 >> Yes, I do. This is part of our Microsoft Ignite Digital slag.
hRfTHGefZmg-00033-00007916-00008081 Once you register, you can actually
hRfTHGefZmg-00034-00008081-00008300 download backgrounds like this, buzzword bingo,
hRfTHGefZmg-00035-00008300-00008600 kids activity packs and all kinds of
hRfTHGefZmg-00036-00008600-00008976 fun stuff on our digital [inaudible].
hRfTHGefZmg-00037-00008976-00009335 >> Your backgrounds are
hRfTHGefZmg-00038-00009335-00009671 awesome but you just mentioned buzzword bingo.
hRfTHGefZmg-00039-00009671-00009728 >> Yes, I did.
hRfTHGefZmg-00040-00009728-00009998 >> Seriously buzzword bingo is part of this, what's going on?
hRfTHGefZmg-00041-00009998-00010244 >> Yes, it is. I think that you'll see a lot of
hRfTHGefZmg-00042-00010244-00010506 words that you'll be hearing about throughout the 48 hours.
hRfTHGefZmg-00043-00010506-00010758 I think some digital transformation,
hRfTHGefZmg-00044-00010758-00011015 tech intensity, I'm sure there's
hRfTHGefZmg-00045-00011015-00011294 some Azure Stack and other fun things that you guys [inaudible].
hRfTHGefZmg-00046-00011294-00011420 >> There's got to be the word empower,
hRfTHGefZmg-00047-00011420-00011546 just for Thomas Maurer.
hRfTHGefZmg-00048-00011546-00011747 >> Definitely. I think that's the center cube, right?
hRfTHGefZmg-00049-00011747-00012011 >> Yes. That is fantastic.
hRfTHGefZmg-00050-00012011-00012164 Of course, we did mention the coloring books
hRfTHGefZmg-00051-00012164-00012302 because that's how we keep
hRfTHGefZmg-00052-00012302-00012617 Rick busy in the green room in between lifecycles.
hRfTHGefZmg-00053-00012617-00012991 >> Just because I like to color outside the lines.
hRfTHGefZmg-00054-00012992-00013319 >> Angela, what are you looking forward
hRfTHGefZmg-00055-00013319-00013605 to most with the Digital Ignite experience?
hRfTHGefZmg-00056-00013605-00013866 >> I think there's a couple of things.
hRfTHGefZmg-00057-00013866-00014090 First, normally we go really,
hRfTHGefZmg-00058-00014090-00014450 really deep into technical content but I'm actually pretty
hRfTHGefZmg-00059-00014450-00014866 excited to bring in the intro to tech skill sessions this year.
hRfTHGefZmg-00060-00014867-00015128 These sessions go over the fundamentals and they're for
hRfTHGefZmg-00061-00015128-00015422 everybody who's thinking about a career in tech.
hRfTHGefZmg-00062-00015422-00015622 I was just joking around but my dad,
hRfTHGefZmg-00063-00015623-00015789 this is the first tech event
hRfTHGefZmg-00064-00015789-00015893 he's actually joining
hRfTHGefZmg-00065-00015893-00016088 and getting to be a part of, so I'm really proud of that.
hRfTHGefZmg-00066-00016088-00016366 >> Those are the technical learning skills that are
hRfTHGefZmg-00067-00016367-00016604 part of the learning zone,
hRfTHGefZmg-00068-00016604-00016763 which is off of the main page.
hRfTHGefZmg-00069-00016763-00016926 When you go to https://myIgnite.Microsoft.com,
hRfTHGefZmg-00070-00016926-00017196 once you've registered, you'll be able to go off and see that.
hRfTHGefZmg-00071-00017196-00017456 I'm happy to say that I actually managed to
hRfTHGefZmg-00072-00017456-00017766 sneak my team into making one of those sessions,
hRfTHGefZmg-00073-00017766-00018002 specifically for IT pros and operations
hRfTHGefZmg-00074-00018002-00018333 folks that are new to the world.
hRfTHGefZmg-00075-00018333-00018548 There's going to be some interesting sessions in there but as
hRfTHGefZmg-00076-00018548-00018770 you mentioned, Cloud skills.
hRfTHGefZmg-00077-00018770-00019161 What is Cloud, basics of IT, basics of AI.
hRfTHGefZmg-00078-00019161-00019289 A whole bunch of really interesting stuff
hRfTHGefZmg-00079-00019289-00019461 because over 30 different sessions
hRfTHGefZmg-00080-00019461-00019868 geared specifically for that learning group of individuals.
hRfTHGefZmg-00081-00019868-00020162 >> Yes, exactly. On a personal note,
hRfTHGefZmg-00082-00020162-00020475 as a parent of an elementary student with ADHD ,
hRfTHGefZmg-00083-00020475-00020654 I'm most excited about
hRfTHGefZmg-00084-00020654-00020853 the at-home learning session that's going to be
hRfTHGefZmg-00085-00020853-00021075 presented by a Microsoft Education Team.
hRfTHGefZmg-00086-00021075-00021200 It showcases some of
hRfTHGefZmg-00087-00021200-00021407 the accessible free tools for
hRfTHGefZmg-00088-00021407-00021726 students that struggle with reading, writing, and math.
hRfTHGefZmg-00089-00021726-00022004 I had a preview of this session a couple
hRfTHGefZmg-00090-00022004-00022259 of weeks ago and it's definitely one not to miss.
hRfTHGefZmg-00091-00022259-00022438 >> Very cool.
hRfTHGefZmg-00092-00022438-00022601 What else have you added to your schedule?
hRfTHGefZmg-00093-00022601-00022847 Because I assume you've gone through the whole schedule builder.
hRfTHGefZmg-00094-00022847-00023208 You've added everything, you've got 48 straight hours of content.
hRfTHGefZmg-00095-00023208-00023504 >> I do and probably more because I'll get to
hRfTHGefZmg-00096-00023504-00023876 watch actually all the sessions happening live in the backend.
hRfTHGefZmg-00097-00023876-00024260 I'll be watching hundreds and hundreds of sessions over the time.
hRfTHGefZmg-00098-00024260-00024527 But the one that I did actually add,
hRfTHGefZmg-00099-00024527-00024806 as well to my session schedule is
hRfTHGefZmg-00100-00024806-00025181 the Breathe and Restore with Aditi Shah from Peloton.
hRfTHGefZmg-00101-00025181-00025563 This is hosted section by our featured partner, Intel.
hRfTHGefZmg-00102-00025563-00025727 I'm fangirling out.
hRfTHGefZmg-00103-00025727-00025983 Aditi is amazing.
hRfTHGefZmg-00104-00025983-00026210 Who doesn't need to pause,
hRfTHGefZmg-00105-00026210-00026462 refresh your mind, release all that stress.
hRfTHGefZmg-00106-00026462-00026608 I'm definitely saving this one to
hRfTHGefZmg-00107-00026609-00026898 my backpack to play over and over again.
hRfTHGefZmg-00108-00026898-00027551 >> That's fantastic. I'm going to be trying to make some space in
hRfTHGefZmg-00109-00027551-00027670 the green room that I'll be able to
hRfTHGefZmg-00110-00027671-00027836 do some yoga and stuff like that
hRfTHGefZmg-00111-00027836-00028197 but Joey's asked for a separate green room for some reason,
hRfTHGefZmg-00112-00028197-00028533 so that he has his own personal space.
hRfTHGefZmg-00113-00028533-00028886 >> It's actually so that I don't have to watch him doing yoga.
hRfTHGefZmg-00114-00028886-00029174 But anyway, Angela,
hRfTHGefZmg-00115-00029174-00029417 I also understand that you're coming to us with
hRfTHGefZmg-00116-00029417-00029654 some news that we have not yet
hRfTHGefZmg-00117-00029654-00029983 talked about in terms of day 1 in the schedule, talk about that.
hRfTHGefZmg-00118-00029984-00030427 >> So breaking news. Satya will be starting at 08:15 AM.
hRfTHGefZmg-00119-00030428-00030577 So log on early.
hRfTHGefZmg-00120-00030578-00030689 You don't want to miss any of
hRfTHGefZmg-00121-00030689-00030974 his key segment on Building Digital Resilience.
hRfTHGefZmg-00122-00030974-00031130 >> I was just going to say that the 8:15
hRfTHGefZmg-00123-00031130-00031289 particularly comes into play because I
hRfTHGefZmg-00124-00031289-00031596 know that with the schedule builder,
hRfTHGefZmg-00125-00031596-00031826 you're able to go in and to drop down
hRfTHGefZmg-00126-00031826-00032181 an ICS file to go inside of your Outlook calendar.
hRfTHGefZmg-00127-00032181-00032474 If you just add it to your schedule and you use
hRfTHGefZmg-00128-00032474-00032687 the My events no fly out
hRfTHGefZmg-00129-00032687-00032981 calendar to keep track of things, that's already updated.
hRfTHGefZmg-00130-00032981-00033185 But if you actually got the ICS file
hRfTHGefZmg-00131-00033185-00033341 to throw inside your personal calendar,
hRfTHGefZmg-00132-00033341-00033530 that's where we would still have the wrong time on that,
hRfTHGefZmg-00133-00033530-00033587 so it's actually a really good catch.
hRfTHGefZmg-00134-00033587-00033765 Thanks for sharing that one.
hRfTHGefZmg-00135-00033765-00033902 >> Definitely go and delete that
hRfTHGefZmg-00136-00033902-00034108 and then re-add that to your calendar.
hRfTHGefZmg-00137-00034109-00034222 >> Sweet.
hRfTHGefZmg-00138-00034223-00034339 >> Awesome.
hRfTHGefZmg-00139-00034339-00034529 Angela, any last minute bits,
hRfTHGefZmg-00140-00034529-00034751 any last minute tips and tricks that you have for
hRfTHGefZmg-00141-00034751-00035073 our friends who are just days away from this event.
hRfTHGefZmg-00142-00035073-00035369 >> I would say wear your comfy pants,
hRfTHGefZmg-00143-00035369-00035544 surround yourself with snacks,
hRfTHGefZmg-00144-00035544-00035669 drink lots of water,
hRfTHGefZmg-00145-00035669-00035900 and just get settled in for 48 hours.
hRfTHGefZmg-00146-00035900-00036143 This is going to be the best of Microsoft.
hRfTHGefZmg-00147-00036143-00036484 >> Have you got my bag of mangoes snacks.
hRfTHGefZmg-00148-00036484-00036746 >> Hey, remember if you want to
hRfTHGefZmg-00149-00036746-00037049 experience all that digital Microsoft Ignite has to offer,
hRfTHGefZmg-00150-00037049-00037184 you need to be registered.
hRfTHGefZmg-00151-00037184-00037436 So head on over to myignite.microsoft.com,
hRfTHGefZmg-00152-00037436-00037653 get registered and then immediately after that,
hRfTHGefZmg-00153-00037653-00037799 go fill out your profile,
hRfTHGefZmg-00154-00037799-00038138 put all those sessions in the session scheduler and we cannot
hRfTHGefZmg-00155-00038138-00038291 wait to share all of
hRfTHGefZmg-00156-00038291-00038564 this amazing stuff with you at Microsoft Ignite.
hRfTHGefZmg-00157-00038564-00038764 [MUSIC]
hRpwkZDU5-k-00000-00000006-00000630 was portrayed by actress cha Zhu young in the popular Netflix drama the glory here Jung
hRpwkZDU5-k-00001-00000630-00001092 frequently became the target of jokes within the click she was part of because she was the lekki
hRpwkZDU5-k-00002-00001092-00001536 in the bully group she was made fun of when she parroted into a gathering wearing a white
hRpwkZDU5-k-00003-00001536-00002082 frog that the bully Sarah had given her family's washing business on purpose however the actress
hRpwkZDU5-k-00004-00002082-00002514 herself garnered attention for her Flawless Physique in the tight outfit although the outfit
hRpwkZDU5-k-00005-00002514-00002982 was excellent for the character's appearance and plot it was not initially intended to be
hRpwkZDU5-k-00006-00002982-00003486 that way in an interview with Elio chaju young disclosed that her stylist had actually planned a
hRpwkZDU5-k-00007-00003486-00004002 less form-fitting channel to it as symbol for the scene later the director asked that she changed
hRpwkZDU5-k-00008-00004002-00004542 the direction of her attire white loading has a tendency to be a thoughtsy true so chadu young
hRpwkZDU5-k-00009-00004542-00005004 was concerned it would expose more skin than she had planned but in the end permission was granted
hRpwkZDU5-k-00010-00005004-00005514 for this sequence actually we had an outfit ready for this from our stylist team or can I not tell
hRpwkZDU5-k-00011-00005514-00006000 the brand its Channel it was shorter but less form-fitting and efficient of tweet it tended to
hRpwkZDU5-k-00012-00006000-00006588 have a Whimsical appearance the director requested that I should try on the white dress that was
hRpwkZDU5-k-00013-00006588-00007140 featured in the play I initially refused because I thought it would appear to vulgar on the video if
hRpwkZDU5-k-00014-00007140-00007638 it were see through I wound up shooting it while wearing the dress and I had no idea it would be
hRpwkZDU5-k-00015-00007638-00008159 such a Hot Topic say cha Chu young audiences appear to be divided on the way it was filled
hRpwkZDU5-k-00016-00008159-00008712 although Choi jong's white outfit was ideal for portraying the kind of heroines she was meant to
hRpwkZDU5-k-00017-00008712-00009192 be filmmakers cannot force exposure on the current generation so let us know what you think in this
hRpwkZDU5-k-00018-00009192-00009642 comment section down below and I will get back to you with a response so guys that's all for today I
hRpwkZDU5-k-00019-00009642-00010032 hope you enjoyed this video do give a thumbs up to this video also subscribe to the channel hit
hRpwkZDU5-k-00020-00010032-00010512 the notification Bell because this really makes me motivate to make new videos for you so if you want
hRpwkZDU5-k-00021-00010512-00011022 to know what happened with Lee jong-suk during his fan me then do watch this video right now
hSATRS_eoW8-00000-00001516-00001695 Guys
hSATRS_eoW8-00001-00001696-00001827 why am I here again to be tortured by a physical therapist
hSATRS_eoW8-00002-00001848-00001995 The reason is that I found that 
hSATRS_eoW8-00003-00001996-00002139 I had the problem of low back pain
hSATRS_eoW8-00004-00002140-00002267 I was sick all over
hSATRS_eoW8-00005-00002268-00002475 In 2014, because of irregular movements,
hSATRS_eoW8-00006-00002476-00002671 I suffered a very serious waist injury.
hSATRS_eoW8-00007-00002711-00002906 At that time, not only could I not exercise normally,
hSATRS_eoW8-00008-00002907-00003090 but it was very difficult to sleep and turn over. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00009-00003091-00003218 But after a year of rest 
hSATRS_eoW8-00010-00003219-00003365 and rehabilitation training,
hSATRS_eoW8-00011-00003367-00003582 the low back pain at that time had improved significantly,
hSATRS_eoW8-00012-00003583-00003854 and I even felt that it had recovered to 100%. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00013-00003902-00004029 Until the last few months
hSATRS_eoW8-00014-00004029-00004201 I have the problem of low back pain
hSATRS_eoW8-00015-00004202-00004353 what is the reason？
hSATRS_eoW8-00020-00008424-00008583 So the problem of low back 
hSATRS_eoW8-00021-00008592-00008703 pain is that the chair is not suitable.
hSATRS_eoW8-00022-00008704-00008939 Is it possible to solve the problem by changing a chair? 
hSATRS_eoW8-00023-00008940-00009091 After trying various office chairs
hSATRS_eoW8-00024-00009092-00009275 ergonomic chairs and gaming chairs
hSATRS_eoW8-00025-00009276-00009491 I feel like I may have found the reason
hSATRS_eoW8-00026-00009492-00009655 Guys, look what I bought.
hSATRS_eoW8-00027-00009656-00009767 Although he looks strange,
hSATRS_eoW8-00028-00009768-00009931 he is the most comfortable one in 
hSATRS_eoW8-00029-00009932-00010039 all my stools. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00030-00010040-00010231 According to the salesperson,
hSATRS_eoW8-00031-00010232-00010351 this thing is called a kneeling chair,
hSATRS_eoW8-00032-00010352-00010487 because it distributes the weight of our 
hSATRS_eoW8-00033-00010488-00010711 body evenly over our buttocks and calves,
hSATRS_eoW8-00034-00010712-00010899 so we don't have so much pressure on our waist. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00035-00010900-00011115 In the next few days，I will use this chair to work 
hSATRS_eoW8-00036-00011116-00011383 and see if he has any relief for my low back pain
hSATRS_eoW8-00037-00011476-00011607 After using it for a few days,
hSATRS_eoW8-00038-00011608-00011715 I can really 
hSATRS_eoW8-00039-00011716-00011895 feel that the lumbar spine can maintain 
hSATRS_eoW8-00040-00011896-00012079 a correct posture most of the time. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00041-00012080-00012331 But once I sit down for more than an hour and a half
hSATRS_eoW8-00042-00012332-00012571 I still have a dull pain in my left waist
hSATRS_eoW8-00043-00012584-00012683 This makes me wonder 
hSATRS_eoW8-00044-00012684-00012831 if there is any other 
hSATRS_eoW8-00045-00012832-00012983 reason besides the sitting posture. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00047-00014721-00014872 After talking to a professional,
hSATRS_eoW8-00048-00014872-00015140 he said my lower back pain was due to my arches,
hSATRS_eoW8-00049-00015168-00015431 which I've always had. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00050-00015432-00015555 Why to just produce 
hSATRS_eoW8-00051-00015556-00015687 the symptom of lumbago until now? 
hSATRS_eoW8-00052-00015688-00015916 After looking up a lot 
hSATRS_eoW8-00053-00015918-00016113 of information and asking friends who had the same experience,
hSATRS_eoW8-00054-00016113-00016265 I finally found the answer. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00055-00016266-00016409 For me, years of strength 
hSATRS_eoW8-00056-00016410-00016601 training keep my waist tense all the time,
hSATRS_eoW8-00057-00016602-00016749 but because of 
hSATRS_eoW8-00058-00016750-00016899 the difference in flexibility and stability between 
hSATRS_eoW8-00059-00016900-00017015 the two sides,
hSATRS_eoW8-00060-00017016-00017227 it causes more pressure on the left side,
hSATRS_eoW8-00061-00017228-00017355 and because of long-term sitting,
hSATRS_eoW8-00062-00017356-00017583 the already tense waist can not be restored. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00063-00017584-00017719 Finally
hSATRS_eoW8-00064-00017720-00017847 after changing an inappropriate chair
hSATRS_eoW8-00065-00017848-00017999 he developed symptoms of low back pain
hSATRS_eoW8-00066-00018000-00018195 So
hSATRS_eoW8-00067-00018196-00018375 if we have the same problem
hSATRS_eoW8-00068-00018376-00018575 if we just change stools
hSATRS_eoW8-00069-00018576-00018755 we may not be able to solve the fundamental problem
hSATRS_eoW8-00070-00018756-00018915 but to find the source of the problem first
hSATRS_eoW8-00071-00018916-00019039 and develop some good habits to protect the waist in life
hSATRS_eoW8-00072-00019040-00019202 so as to avoid it in advance
hSATRS_eoW8-00073-00019202-00019398 Fortunately
hSATRS_eoW8-00074-00019399-00019602 in the process of looking up information
hSATRS_eoW8-00075-00019603-00019714 I found these two very detailed books on low back pain
hSATRS_eoW8-00076-00019715-00019866 Next, I will combine these two books 
hSATRS_eoW8-00077-00019867-00020006 and my own experience to 
hSATRS_eoW8-00078-00020007-00020110 provide you with a set 
hSATRS_eoW8-00079-00020111-00020270 of self-test and prevention methods 
hSATRS_eoW8-00080-00020271-00020507 so that we can protect our waist in advance. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00081-00020770-00020969 According to the literature in 2009,
hSATRS_eoW8-00082-00020970-00021217 there are many possibilities for low back pain.
hSATRS_eoW8-00083-00021218-00021353 If you have the following neuropathic pain,
hSATRS_eoW8-00084-00021354-00021489 it is better 
hSATRS_eoW8-00085-00021500-00021679 to decide whether to do the 
hSATRS_eoW8-00086-00021680-00021895 next action under the supervision of a doctor. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00087-00021896-00022043 The vast majority of people's 
hSATRS_eoW8-00088-00022044-00022155 low back pain is muscle strain,
hSATRS_eoW8-00089-00022156-00022351 ligament injury and other mechanical,
hSATRS_eoW8-00090-00022360-00022463 if you belong to this category,
hSATRS_eoW8-00091-00022464-00022619 you can further understand 
hSATRS_eoW8-00092-00022620-00022787 the cause through the next test. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00093-00022788-00023015 First of all, take a chair,
hSATRS_eoW8-00094-00023016-00023207 record our posture on the side with a mobile phone,
hSATRS_eoW8-00095-00023217-00023448 keep the lumbar spine in a 
hSATRS_eoW8-00096-00023449-00023600 neutral position,
hSATRS_eoW8-00097-00023601-00023732 exert our hands upward, and record our feelings. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00098-00023733-00024016 Then do the same thing again in a state of 
hSATRS_eoW8-00099-00024017-00024160 arched back and excessive counterattack. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00100-00024161-00024300 If you feel pain in 
hSATRS_eoW8-00101-00024301-00024407 these two positions,
hSATRS_eoW8-00102-00024408-00024611 you should always keep your lumbar spine 
hSATRS_eoW8-00103-00024612-00024835 in a neutral position when sitting. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00104-00024836-00024987 If you still feel pain in 
hSATRS_eoW8-00105-00024988-00025103 the correct position,
hSATRS_eoW8-00106-00025104-00025263 your lumbar spine is temporarily 
hSATRS_eoW8-00107-00025264-00025467 unable to bear the extra weight. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00108-00025480-00025587 Try to avoid weight-bearing 
hSATRS_eoW8-00109-00025588-00025743 movements such as backpacks and 
hSATRS_eoW8-00110-00025743-00025895 heavy weight strength training. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00111-00025895-00026119 Next, we lie on the floor or 
hSATRS_eoW8-00112-00026120-00026243 on the bed.
hSATRS_eoW8-00113-00026244-00026370 If you feel pain in this position,
hSATRS_eoW8-00114-00026372-00026502 you may have 
hSATRS_eoW8-00115-00026504-00026702 a problem with lumbar extension intolerance. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00116-00026704-00026902 So in life, you should try to avoid excessive bow of the waist,
hSATRS_eoW8-00117-00026904-00027114 for example, when sitting,
hSATRS_eoW8-00118-00027116-00027399 do not sit on the edge of the stool,
hSATRS_eoW8-00119-00027400-00027591 but stick to the back of the chair completely. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00120-00027592-00027707 If you are used to 
hSATRS_eoW8-00121-00027708-00027899 sleeping on your stomach,
hSATRS_eoW8-00122-00027900-00028047 you can put a pillow on your stomach 
hSATRS_eoW8-00123-00028048-00028239 or under your knees when you lie down to sleep,
hSATRS_eoW8-00124-00028239-00028479 which can avoid excessive lumbar arch,
hSATRS_eoW8-00125-00028480-00028631 thus reducing your pain. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00126-00028639-00028763 When picking up things
hSATRS_eoW8-00127-00028764-00028970 we should try to reduce the strength of the waist and 
hSATRS_eoW8-00128-00028972-00029087 use the buttocks as much as possible that is
hSATRS_eoW8-00129-00029088-00029343 the action of squatting to pick up things
hSATRS_eoW8-00130-00029357-00029568 On the contrary, if you relieve 
hSATRS_eoW8-00131-00029569-00029704 the pain in the 
hSATRS_eoW8-00132-00029705-00029827 prone position,
hSATRS_eoW8-00133-00029829-00030000 you may have lumbar flexion intolerance. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00134-00030001-00030136 If you have this problem,
hSATRS_eoW8-00135-00030137-00030300 in addition to spending a few minutes on your 
hSATRS_eoW8-00136-00030301-00030412 stomach every day to relax,
hSATRS_eoW8-00137-00030420-00030668 you must avoid round shoulders and hunchbacks when sitting. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00138-00030669-00030860 We can roll up a towel and put it 
hSATRS_eoW8-00139-00030861-00030988 on the lumbar position and sit 
hSATRS_eoW8-00140-00030989-00031100 down close to it,
hSATRS_eoW8-00141-00031101-00031204 so as to avoid 
hSATRS_eoW8-00142-00031205-00031400 the pain caused by lumbar flexion. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00143-00031401-00031608 Don't bow your head too much when standing
hSATRS_eoW8-00144-00031617-00031827 but keep your body straight at all times
hSATRS_eoW8-00145-00031829-00031956 When you get up
hSATRS_eoW8-00146-00031957-00032120 if it is particularly difficult for you to get up directly
hSATRS_eoW8-00147-00032120-00032276 we can turn to the side first
hSATRS_eoW8-00148-00032277-00032544 and then support your body slowly with your arms
hSATRS_eoW8-00149-00032545-00032787 But the most important thing is 
hSATRS_eoW8-00150-00032788-00032931 that you learn 
hSATRS_eoW8-00151-00032932-00033079 to pick things up 
hSATRS_eoW8-00152-00033080-00033231 again without bending down,
hSATRS_eoW8-00153-00033232-00033447 which is a movement called hiphinge. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00154-00033488-00033651 In the 2012 literature,
hSATRS_eoW8-00155-00033652-00033787 it was found that many people with 
hSATRS_eoW8-00156-00033788-00034007 low back pain lack the use 
hSATRS_eoW8-00157-00034008-00034151 of the buttocks.
hSATRS_eoW8-00158-00034152-00034331 In fact, they use more waist muscles when picking up things.
hSATRS_eoW8-00159-00034332-00034447 Hiphinge can help 
hSATRS_eoW8-00160-00034448-00034603 us keep the lumbar spine 
hSATRS_eoW8-00161-00034612-00034795 neutral when squatting,
hSATRS_eoW8-00162-00034796-00034899 that is, to avoid pain. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00163-00034900-00035143 First, open your feet shoulder-width apart,
hSATRS_eoW8-00164-00035144-00035331 keep your knees turned outward,
hSATRS_eoW8-00165-00035332-00035507 lift your chest and back your buttocks,
hSATRS_eoW8-00166-00035508-00035647 and squat to the limit without moving 
hSATRS_eoW8-00167-00035648-00035927 your spine and knees forward.
hSATRS_eoW8-00168-00035928-00036183 At this time, you should feel the back of your thighs 
hSATRS_eoW8-00169-00036184-00036403 and buttocks in a tight state.
hSATRS_eoW8-00170-00036403-00036553 Hold for three seconds, and then restore. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00171-00036553-00036707 If your flexibility is not good
hSATRS_eoW8-00172-00036708-00036915 you can start from the kneeling position
hSATRS_eoW8-00173-00036925-00037068 after skilled
hSATRS_eoW8-00174-00037069-00037244 you can advance to increase the weight behind you
hSATRS_eoW8-00175-00037245-00037420 and then better use the buttocks
hSATRS_eoW8-00176-00037421-00037564 After learning this action and 
hSATRS_eoW8-00177-00037565-00037768 using it skillfully in life,
hSATRS_eoW8-00178-00037769-00037880 it can effectively help us relieve the 
hSATRS_eoW8-00179-00037881-00038004 pressure on the waist. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00180-00038020-00038223 Next, we return to the lying 
hSATRS_eoW8-00181-00038224-00038427 position and raise one side about 10 
hSATRS_eoW8-00182-00038428-00038627 degrees with the thigh fully straight. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00183-00038628-00038731 If you feel pain 
hSATRS_eoW8-00184-00038732-00038919 on one side,
hSATRS_eoW8-00185-00038920-00039163 as I do, then you may have lumbar extension 
hSATRS_eoW8-00186-00039174-00039309 and torsion intolerance. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00187-00039310-00039489 So first of all
hSATRS_eoW8-00188-00039490-00039701 when sitting
hSATRS_eoW8-00189-00039714-00039889 we should avoid crossing our legs as much as possible
hSATRS_eoW8-00190-00039890-00040089 because it will aggravate the torsion of our lumbar spine
hSATRS_eoW8-00191-00040090-00040229 or sitting on a yoga ball or kneeling chair which can make you
hSATRS_eoW8-00192-00040230-00040361 unconsciously keep your balance on both sides
hSATRS_eoW8-00193-00040381-00040644 Don't put your weight on one side when standing
hSATRS_eoW8-00194-00040645-00040872 but keep both sides working at the same time
hSATRS_eoW8-00195-00040873-00041012 If you have the habit of sleeping on your side,
hSATRS_eoW8-00196-00041013-00041232 you can put a pillow between your legs 
hSATRS_eoW8-00197-00041233-00041440 to avoid crossing your thighs back and forth and keep 
hSATRS_eoW8-00198-00041441-00041607 your spine in a neutral position. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00199-00041608-00041851 When picking up things
hSATRS_eoW8-00200-00041852-00042063 try not to use one hand
hSATRS_eoW8-00201-00042064-00042151 but both hands plus Hip Hinge action to pick up things
hSATRS_eoW8-00202-00042152-00042315 After paying attention to these habits,
hSATRS_eoW8-00203-00042316-00042503 we can also relieve pain by improving the 
hSATRS_eoW8-00204-00042504-00042678 flexibility of the hip joint. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00205-00042679-00042810 The best way is to 
hSATRS_eoW8-00206-00042811-00042954 fix an elastic rope,
hSATRS_eoW8-00207-00042955-00043086 tie the other side to 
hSATRS_eoW8-00208-00043087-00043250 the back of the less flexible thigh,
hSATRS_eoW8-00209-00043251-00043394 do a lunge position,
hSATRS_eoW8-00210-00043395-00043554 keep the buttocks contracted while moving 
hSATRS_eoW8-00211-00043555-00043698 back and forth slowly,
hSATRS_eoW8-00212-00043708-00043779 for 30 seconds. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00213-00043780-00043919 After finishing both sides,
hSATRS_eoW8-00214-00043920-00044139 tie the bungee cord to the inside of the thigh and 
hSATRS_eoW8-00215-00044140-00044327 slowly move it to the left and right 
hSATRS_eoW8-00216-00044328-00044419 sides for 30 seconds. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00217-00044428-00044599 This action may not only relieve low 
hSATRS_eoW8-00218-00044600-00044715 back pain during running,
hSATRS_eoW8-00219-00044716-00044863 but also be of great 
hSATRS_eoW8-00220-00044864-00045027 help to those who have buttock 
hSATRS_eoW8-00221-00045028-00045155 blinking problems during squats. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00222-00045164-00045335 Seeing this, you may have figured out 
hSATRS_eoW8-00223-00045336-00045543 which postures can cause your low back pain,
hSATRS_eoW8-00224-00045544-00045679 but in either case,
hSATRS_eoW8-00225-00045680-00045867 in order to prevent it fundamentally,
hSATRS_eoW8-00226-00045868-00046011 we need to strengthen our 
hSATRS_eoW8-00227-00046012-00046151 core strength in peacetime. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00228-00046152-00046355 As Dr. Stuart Mcgill,
hSATRS_eoW8-00229-00046364-00046555 a well-known professor of low back pain
hSATRS_eoW8-00230-00047872-00047971 in a 30-year study of back injury and low back pain,
hSATRS_eoW8-00231-00047972-00048131 he recommended three core 
hSATRS_eoW8-00232-00048132-00048379 strengthening exercises for most 
hSATRS_eoW8-00233-00048380-00048515 people. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00234-00048516-00048687 The first is a static abdominal curl
hSATRS_eoW8-00235-00048687-00048803 After lying on the ground
hSATRS_eoW8-00236-00048814-00048945 lift one leg
hSATRS_eoW8-00237-00048946-00049149 put the other hand on the lumbar position
hSATRS_eoW8-00238-00049150-00049341 keep the lumbar still
hSATRS_eoW8-00239-00049342-00049477 slowly raise your head
hSATRS_eoW8-00240-00049478-00049625 while contracting the abdominal muscles
hSATRS_eoW8-00241-00049626-00049729 hold this position
hSATRS_eoW8-00242-00049730-00049921 take a short breath for 10 seconds
hSATRS_eoW8-00243-00049928-00050087 and then restore The second action 
hSATRS_eoW8-00244-00050088-00050235 is the side plank.
hSATRS_eoW8-00245-00050236-00050359 Turn your body sideways,
hSATRS_eoW8-00246-00050360-00050487 put your weight on your knees,
hSATRS_eoW8-00247-00050488-00050619 support the ground with your elbows,
hSATRS_eoW8-00248-00050620-00050775 and put your other hand on your waist,
hSATRS_eoW8-00249-00050776-00050907 then lift your hips. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00250-00050908-00051015 Look from the side
hSATRS_eoW8-00251-00051028-00051131 maintain a straight line
hSATRS_eoW8-00252-00051132-00051254 hold this position for 10 seconds
hSATRS_eoW8-00253-00051255-00051354 and then restore
hSATRS_eoW8-00254-00051355-00051471 But you feel simple,
hSATRS_eoW8-00255-00051472-00051639 you can cross your feet on the ground,
hSATRS_eoW8-00256-00051640-00051779 and if you feel lack of strength,
hSATRS_eoW8-00257-00051779-00051899 you can also use your buttocks on the ground,
hSATRS_eoW8-00258-00051900-00052023 only lifting your 
hSATRS_eoW8-00259-00052042-00052180 legs will have a good effect. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00260-00052182-00052355 The third action is bird dog pose.
hSATRS_eoW8-00261-00052355-00052580 While keeping the lumbar spine completely motionless,
hSATRS_eoW8-00262-00052604-00052747 lift the hands and feet on the opposite side 
hSATRS_eoW8-00263-00052767-00052835 for 5 seconds,
hSATRS_eoW8-00264-00052836-00053003 then slowly restore the hands to touch the knees,
hSATRS_eoW8-00265-00053003-00053251 and then change to the other side. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00266-00053252-00053463 Our goal is to keep the lumbar spine in 
hSATRS_eoW8-00267-00053464-00053635 the same position during the whole process,
hSATRS_eoW8-00268-00053636-00053771 so we must slow down the movement. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00269-00053772-00053875 After doing 10
hSATRS_eoW8-00270-00053876-00054071 you should feel a little sweaty
hSATRS_eoW8-00271-00054072-00054199 Combined with all the above content,
hSATRS_eoW8-00272-00054200-00054366 I give you a summary of 
hSATRS_eoW8-00273-00054367-00054575 a self-test plus pain relief flow strategy. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00274-00054576-00054711 If you think it's helpful don't forget to give a like 
hSATRS_eoW8-00275-00054712-00054966 and forward it to the people around you who need it
hSATRS_eoW8-00276-00054967-00055122 Finally, I would like to remind 
hSATRS_eoW8-00277-00055123-00055305 you that the above is 
hSATRS_eoW8-00278-00055307-00055466 just my personal experience after consulting 
hSATRS_eoW8-00279-00055466-00055694 experts and consulting information.
hSATRS_eoW8-00280-00055695-00055874 If you have severe pain or organic lesions during practice,
hSATRS_eoW8-00281-00055875-00056094 you should follow the doctor's advice first. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00282-00056104-00056291 Those who have experienced injuries should be able to 
hSATRS_eoW8-00283-00056291-00056403 understand that once injuries occur,
hSATRS_eoW8-00284-00056404-00056551 they will have a long-term 
hSATRS_eoW8-00285-00056552-00056703 or even permanent impact on us. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00286-00056704-00056935 Therefore, whether it is daily life or sports and fitness,
hSATRS_eoW8-00287-00056936-00057066 we must first learn 
hSATRS_eoW8-00288-00057067-00057215 how to do a safe action,
hSATRS_eoW8-00289-00057216-00057313 protect ourselves,
hSATRS_eoW8-00290-00057314-00057457 do not do things that make 
hSATRS_eoW8-00291-00057458-00057604 us regret because of impulse. 
hSATRS_eoW8-00292-00057632-00057715 I said to myself
hSATRS_eoW8-00293-00057716-00057927 and finally I hope everyone can stay away from injuries
hSATRS_eoW8-00294-00057928-00058027 That's all for today's video
hSATRS_eoW8-00295-00058028-00058123 See you next time
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00000-00000000-00000280 Hello There!!! Today i play Flood Escape!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00001-00000280-00000520 I am good at escape but not always lol
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00002-00000520-00001064 My friend, he is too amazing escape than mine but i has good other thing than him lol
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00003-00001064-00001648 I know i know, i making a mistake bit but its practice for me, i will be better than before.
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00004-00001648-00001807 So Hope u Enjoy my video!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00005-00001807-00002120 Subscribe please and leave a like or comment :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00006-00002120-00002376 I did escape hard and medium and easy :D
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00007-00002376-00002584 ughhh waiting for other......
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00008-00002616-00002728 hurry up red hat!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00009-00002942-00003046 Come on Come on!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00010-00003336-00003400 Finally!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00011-00003465-00003578 Here i go!! ROOM 2
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00012-00003846-00003997 Lets click all "boxes"
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00013-00004710-00004760 Oh no!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00014-00004940-00005004 LET ME IN!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00015-00005396-00005452 GOOD! :D
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00016-00005904-00006000 NOT AGAIN! -_-
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00017-00006788-00006876 YOU CAN DO IT!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00018-00006934-00006990 come on!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00019-00007412-00007512 HERE I GO ROOM 3!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00020-00007512-00007562 ohhh this hard 3 room, try my best :D
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00021-00007909-00008102 oh you there green "boxes" :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00022-00009264-00009448 NOOO! i click Q accident -_-
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00023-00009740-00009852 LET ME TRY AGAIN!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00024-00010532-00010732 OK HERE I GO HARD FLOOD ESCAPE!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00025-00011986-00012082 ohhh ICE ROOM!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00026-00012126-00012270 its very cold here! xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00027-00012796-00012846 BRRR
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00028-00013084-00013236 PLEASE NEXT ROOM WARM!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00029-00013718-00013838 oh again room? lol
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00030-00015230-00015286 GOOD! xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00031-00015332-00015547 Rundown Sector? interesting ;)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00032-00016368-00016544 nooo let me jump into vent!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00033-00017186-00017282 ok good vent :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00034-00017428-00017564 OK HERE I GO ESCAPE!!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00035-00017888-00018088 COME ON LET ME RIGHT THE CODES!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00036-00018536-00018656 UGH FOUR CODES -_-
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00037-00019592-00019704 COME ON ONE MORE!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00038-00019736-00019912 DONT TRYING KILL ME FLOOD!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00039-00020542-00020718 what the?? LET ME ESCAPE!!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00040-00020882-00020932 nooo!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00041-00022116-00022166 :(
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00042-00022686-00022878 OK! LET ME TRY MEDIUM ESCAPE!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00043-00022878-00023148 some these room medium are mild hard -___-
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00044-00024016-00024216 did i touch the green "boxes"?
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00045-00024418-00024522 oh i did it lol :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00046-00025758-00025877 COME ON PEOPLE! xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00047-00027658-00027777 NOO NOT PIPELINE!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00048-00027939-00028068 Because i hate it :(
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00049-00028498-00028618 and its weird map.
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00050-00029264-00029314 NOO!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00051-00029314-00029474 i hit by pipe by my head :(
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00052-00029544-00029594 OW....
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00053-00029748-00030412 okay i will escape the easy room but i use this old computer, if i use apple computer i will escape 100%
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00054-00032536-00032586 BOOM!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00055-00032792-00032976 oh hello there scary mask xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00056-00033072-00033122 sup?
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00057-00034932-00035076 ah this one are easy :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00058-00036194-00036402 not nice guest aren't help me :(
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00059-00036488-00036584 ok here i go -_-
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00060-00037138-00037234 BOOM guest! xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00061-00038294-00038350 COME ON!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00062-00038824-00038874 SMH!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00063-00038874-00038974 POWER TOWER! YAY!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00064-00039652-00040100 i will waiting for people touch the "boxes" blue then i can escape :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00065-00040332-00040396 ur slow xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00066-00042064-00042114 BOOM!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00067-00042780-00043012 oh 7 people are escape *clap*clap*
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00068-00043416-00043560 OK HERE I GO THE CODES!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00069-00043560-00043694 LAST WE MET! YOU KILL ME :( VERY BEAT AND I WILL ESCAPE THIS TIME!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00070-00043982-00044070 yup i did it xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00071-00044712-00045288 guys one more round ok? i doesn't like to recording too long, if u like it so comment it :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00072-00047600-00047664 oops....
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00073-00048396-00048492 yeah i am rec :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00074-00050220-00050340 here my channel :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00075-00050340-00050804 i just wanna more subscribe, so i can more rec roblox or Clash Royale :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00076-00051626-00051682 come on!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00077-00053032-00053096 ow.... :(
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00078-00054070-00054150 so close -_-
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00079-00054486-00054536 whew xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00080-00055079-00055167 again? yay :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00081-00056024-00056191 ok i will doing my jobs -_-
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00082-00056638-00056805 no one help? very sad :( xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00083-00058367-00058448 ok here i go!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00084-00059066-00059194 LOL! i am laughing!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00085-00059194-00059290 Epic Fails! ;D
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00086-00060440-00060490 MOVE!
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00087-00061002-00061122 YAY! BRIGHT SKY :)
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00088-00061450-00061617 OH WOW, look at the flood.
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00089-00061667-00061764 its huge flood
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00090-00061764-00061917 if i find the secret in there far away? xD
hUC8R1ZNGIy-00091-00061917-00061976 BYE YOUTUBE!! :)
hXFNTpG5KpI-00000-00000352-00001064 shalom and welcome to via hafta israel a hebrew phrase which means you shall love israel we hope
hXFNTpG5KpI-00001-00001064-00001560 you'll stay with us for the next 30 minutes as our teacher dr baruch shares his expository teaching
hXFNTpG5KpI-00002-00001560-00002144 from the bible dr baruch is the senior lecturer at the zehra avraham institute based in israel
hXFNTpG5KpI-00003-00002144-00002616 although all courses are taught in hebrew at the institute dr baruch is pleased to share this
hXFNTpG5KpI-00004-00002616-00003168 weekly address in english to find out more about our work in israel please visit us on the web
hXFNTpG5KpI-00005-00003168-00003984 at loveisreal.org that's one word love israel dot o-r-g now here's baruch with today's lesson
hXFNTpG5KpI-00006-00004112-00004984 pride can manifest itself in many different ways for example pride usually people think of someone
hXFNTpG5KpI-00007-00004984-00005904 who is arrogant someone who is selfish and someone who wants always their way another form of pride
hXFNTpG5KpI-00008-00005976-00006759 is when someone is highly insecure for example someone might ask them to to lead a group
hXFNTpG5KpI-00009-00006759-00007552 to get involved to do something and they want to do it but they're worried they're concerned if
hXFNTpG5KpI-00010-00007552-00008432 they don't measure up if they don't succeed what will people think about this individual so because
hXFNTpG5KpI-00011-00008432-00009320 of that fear they say no and it's a fear of failing that's rooted in a type of inverted pride
hXFNTpG5KpI-00012-00009424-00010064 and there's a third type of pride and it's this type that's most relevant for our study
hXFNTpG5KpI-00013-00010128-00010928 and that is when someone simply believes that they are always right now they may want to legitimately
hXFNTpG5KpI-00014-00010928-00011760 help someone they may not be selfish they may have the best motivations to bless someone but they are
hXFNTpG5KpI-00015-00011760-00012664 so sure that their way is the right way and they are very stubborn in making any changes because
hXFNTpG5KpI-00016-00012736-00013472 they truly believe they know what's best now we're going to be speaking about the disciples
hXFNTpG5KpI-00017-00013536-00014072 and in this passage of scripture we're going to see that the disciples they have that
hXFNTpG5KpI-00018-00014072-00014888 third form of pride that they believed that they knew better than messiah who's messiah
hXFNTpG5KpI-00019-00014984-00015847 he is the son of god he is the creator according to colossians chapter 1 he is the creator of all
hXFNTpG5KpI-00020-00015847-00016664 things and all things are held together by him it is extremely prideful to think that
hXFNTpG5KpI-00021-00016664-00017336 we know better and we're going to see in an undeniable way that these disciples
hXFNTpG5KpI-00022-00017424-00018104 they were not trusting in messiah so let me ask you a question are you someone
hXFNTpG5KpI-00023-00018104-00019096 that demonstrates trust in messiah how do you do that by relying not upon your own perspective
hXFNTpG5KpI-00024-00019096-00019864 but trusting in his word what he said and believe this the word of god all of the word
hXFNTpG5KpI-00025-00019864-00020712 of god from the book of genesis to the book of revelation it is perfect revelation from god
hXFNTpG5KpI-00026-00020792-00021488 it doesn't matter what time period that we're in whether it was a thousand years ago or today
hXFNTpG5KpI-00027-00021568-00022568 his truth is just that truth from god and a wise person a humble person will apply his word
hXFNTpG5KpI-00028-00022568-00023368 to their life and implement what the scripture commands us to do i think for a moment about moses
hXFNTpG5KpI-00029-00023448-00024312 the scripture says that moses was the most humble of all individuals and that's why he was the
hXFNTpG5KpI-00030-00024312-00025128 servant of god take out your bible and look with me to the book of matthew and chapter 14 the book
hXFNTpG5KpI-00031-00025128-00025888 of matthew and chapter 14. we're going to pick up where we left off last week hopefully you recall
hXFNTpG5KpI-00032-00025976-00026744 that there was a reference to john the baptist that john we recall that because of his
hXFNTpG5KpI-00033-00026744-00027448 faithfulness to the law of god because of his commitment to the marriage covenant
hXFNTpG5KpI-00034-00027512-00028360 john was put to death he was beheaded and we know at the end of our study that his disciples came
hXFNTpG5KpI-00035-00028432-00029416 and they buried him and yeshua heard of this so again matthew chapter 14 and verse 13.
hXFNTpG5KpI-00036-00029544-00030544 and yeshua having heard he withdrew from there in a boat to and pay very close attention
hXFNTpG5KpI-00037-00030600-00031295 i want to translate this very carefully it says to a desert place
hXFNTpG5KpI-00038-00031383-00032064 not a deserted place although it was that but the word that's used here to describe
hXFNTpG5KpI-00039-00032064-00032960 this location is a desert now sometimes that same word can be translated as a wilderness and what
hXFNTpG5KpI-00040-00032960-00033880 it speaks of is a place that is very barren it is empty and there's nothing there it does not
hXFNTpG5KpI-00041-00033880-00034480 sustain life it is the same word of course this is greek but it's the same word
hXFNTpG5KpI-00042-00034632-00035352 when the children of israel because of their lack of faith because they would not implement
hXFNTpG5KpI-00043-00035352-00036056 the instructions of god because of that what happened they did not enter into the land
hXFNTpG5KpI-00044-00036056-00036704 a promise they didn't receive those promises they didn't experience the good land they
hXFNTpG5KpI-00045-00036704-00037408 were left in that desert that wilderness that they're an empty place for 40 years until that
hXFNTpG5KpI-00046-00037408-00038160 disobedient that faithless generation died out and that's what happens when we
hXFNTpG5KpI-00047-00038160-00038880 rely upon our own understanding when we think our perspective is the right perspective
hXFNTpG5KpI-00048-00038880-00039696 rather than listening and obeying god as i said we're going to see the disciples they
hXFNTpG5KpI-00049-00039696-00040568 didn't realize they didn't demonstrate they didn't manifest in their words or actions their faith in
hXFNTpG5KpI-00050-00040664-00041632 their master the very son of god the anointed one messiah yeshua that is jesus christ so he
hXFNTpG5KpI-00051-00041632-00042568 withdrawals he travels by boat and it says he is in this desert place and then it says by himself
hXFNTpG5KpI-00052-00042688-00043688 and the crowd having heard they followed after him and this crowd once again it's in the plural
hXFNTpG5KpI-00053-00043768-00044480 there were many different groups following him and this says something you see the
hXFNTpG5KpI-00054-00044480-00045296 scripture would have us to know that these individuals this crowd they knew of messiah
hXFNTpG5KpI-00055-00045296-00046024 who he was they had heard him teach over and over and everyone and i mean just that everyone
hXFNTpG5KpI-00056-00046080-00046928 knew of john the baptist they heard what had happened to him and they knew that yeshua withdrew
hXFNTpG5KpI-00057-00046928-00047528 immediately after when we look at the text we see the connection between that event and
hXFNTpG5KpI-00058-00047528-00048384 him withdrawing and what did these crowds do they went out unto him and what's significant
hXFNTpG5KpI-00059-00048384-00049416 he wasn't in a popular place he wasn't easily able to be accessed he was by himself in the desert
hXFNTpG5KpI-00060-00049416-00050152 but nevertheless these crowds they went out to him and they traveled notice what it says
hXFNTpG5KpI-00061-00050152-00051560 by foot from the cities verse 14. and yeshua went out and noticed what it says he saw he saw
hXFNTpG5KpI-00062-00051648-00052696 the great crowd and notice he saw them and this is a word of of understanding it's seeing perceiving
hXFNTpG5KpI-00063-00052696-00053448 something understanding it in the right way and the scripture says that because of this
hXFNTpG5KpI-00064-00053448-00054136 because this next word for being moved with compassion it's in the passive meaning this
hXFNTpG5KpI-00065-00054232-00055184 yeshua was caused by something to have compassion for these large groups of people and i believe
hXFNTpG5KpI-00066-00055184-00055984 what it is is that they had interest in him they sought him out they wanted to be in his presence
hXFNTpG5KpI-00067-00055984-00056840 and why what was he primarily doing well yes and we'll see this once more he was a miracle worker
hXFNTpG5KpI-00068-00056896-00057632 he healed but here's the key by and large what the scripture emphasizes is not his healings his
hXFNTpG5KpI-00069-00057632-00058448 miracles but his teaching and when we look at this event that we're coming to and what event is that
hXFNTpG5KpI-00070-00058552-00059328 the only miracle and i'm not speaking about the resurrection but the only miracle that yeshua
hXFNTpG5KpI-00071-00059328-00060088 did that is recorded in all four gospels and what is that the feeding of the five thousand
hXFNTpG5KpI-00072-00060208-00061248 and what the scripture teaches us is this these individuals they went to him and he taught in
hXFNTpG5KpI-00073-00061248-00062288 the other gospels he taught for quite an extended period of time the hours went past and no one left
hXFNTpG5KpI-00074-00062352-00063152 no one was concerned about anything other than hearing him and let me share with you that is
hXFNTpG5KpI-00075-00063152-00063944 wisdom the best way that you can utilize your time is in the word of god you might say that you have
hXFNTpG5KpI-00076-00063944-00064648 a very busy life you have numerous obligations commitments that you have to keep maybe so but
hXFNTpG5KpI-00077-00064648-00065464 studying the word of god will make your life more efficient you will have better time management
hXFNTpG5KpI-00078-00065552-00066208 in the word of god for other things than if you set aside the word of god and just concentrated
hXFNTpG5KpI-00079-00066208-00067016 on the physical things don't be deceived don't be misled don't be an individual that does not
hXFNTpG5KpI-00080-00067016-00067768 realize that it is a biblical requirement if we have faith in god we're going to emphasize
hXFNTpG5KpI-00081-00067832-00068672 the word of god scriptural revelation so these people went out they listened to him teach and
hXFNTpG5KpI-00082-00068672-00069648 notice what the scripture says he was moved by compassion for them and what did he do he healed
hXFNTpG5KpI-00083-00069712-00070504 their sick now this is a word of restoration it is a word of putting things and here's the key
hXFNTpG5KpI-00084-00070504-00071328 putting things in order ask yourself this question do i want a godly order to my life
hXFNTpG5KpI-00085-00071408-00072096 now many people might flippantly say yes i do but do you really because if you do you are going
hXFNTpG5KpI-00086-00072096-00073072 to be someone who is a diligent student of the word of god i'm reminded of this very well-known
hXFNTpG5KpI-00087-00073072-00073760 prayer in judaism called the shema it's taken from deuteronomy chapter 6 where it says
hXFNTpG5KpI-00088-00073760-00074528 hear o israel the lord our god the lord is one and then we have that commandment love the lord your
hXFNTpG5KpI-00089-00074528-00075200 god with all your heart soul mind and strength and what's interesting it emphasizes the commandments
hXFNTpG5KpI-00090-00075200-00075912 but the first commandment that it speaks to is to teach your children diligently the word of
hXFNTpG5KpI-00091-00075912-00076528 god and that is good advice not just to teach your children and invest in that generation but
hXFNTpG5KpI-00092-00076656-00077512 learn yourself the word of god that shows that demonstrates a love of god so when we
hXFNTpG5KpI-00093-00077512-00078200 do that what's going to be the outcome of that learning studying diligently the word of god
hXFNTpG5KpI-00094-00078200-00079072 is going to bring a godly order into your life things get out of order you need change and the
hXFNTpG5KpI-00095-00079072-00079832 word of god is a catalyst for bringing a righteous change into your life a change that's going to
hXFNTpG5KpI-00096-00079928-00080688 give you a godly testimony and reveal to other god's glory through your behavior
hXFNTpG5KpI-00097-00080752-00081768 they're going to see god's leadership in your life so he healed their sick verse 15. now verse 15
hXFNTpG5KpI-00098-00081840-00082664 is a very interesting verse because it forms a conjunction with what we've been studying but it's
hXFNTpG5KpI-00099-00082664-00083464 a unique conjunction it shows kind of a disconnect and the disconnect is among the disciples
hXFNTpG5KpI-00100-00083560-00084224 they know that they are in a place which is a desert that's barren but they don't understand
hXFNTpG5KpI-00101-00084224-00084920 the significance of it why were the children of israel in that desert that wilderness 40 years
hXFNTpG5KpI-00102-00085024-00085792 because they would not and i choose my words carefully they would not trust in the lord
hXFNTpG5KpI-00103-00085792-00086616 they did not rely upon him they thought their way was the right way and they were constantly
hXFNTpG5KpI-00104-00086616-00087336 trying to get god to do what they wanted that is prideful it is foolishness and it leads to
hXFNTpG5KpI-00105-00087464-00088456 an empty a lack of a life of lacking in an absence of god's activity in your situation
hXFNTpG5KpI-00106-00088520-00089288 so notice what it says verse 15 it begins with but that's that conjunction of discontinuity
hXFNTpG5KpI-00107-00089344-00089952 the disciples did not gain from this what they should it says but
hXFNTpG5KpI-00108-00090096-00090768 becoming evening and it means just that we're not talking about dusk
hXFNTpG5KpI-00109-00090768-00091264 we're not talking about late in the afternoon when the sun is still shining but the word here
hXFNTpG5KpI-00110-00091328-00092352 implies evening really evening that that darkness was coming so notice what we read
hXFNTpG5KpI-00111-00092464-00093304 and evening was coming and his disciples came to him and pay very close attention to
hXFNTpG5KpI-00112-00093304-00094160 what the disciples were saying this passage of scripture is teaching us how not to be a disciple
hXFNTpG5KpI-00113-00094248-00095088 we need to be individuals that understand that we have to show demonstrate dependence upon him
hXFNTpG5KpI-00114-00095144-00096056 that we rely not upon ourselves not on our vantage point but on his instructions here the disciples
hXFNTpG5KpI-00115-00096056-00096840 did not do this notice what they said they came to him as evening was at hand and they said
hXFNTpG5KpI-00116-00096992-00097632 this place is a desert place it's a wilderness it's a barren now realize something
hXFNTpG5KpI-00117-00097688-00098632 yeshua went out with purpose to this place he traveled by boat he withdrew himself from where
hXFNTpG5KpI-00118-00098632-00099632 he was in order to arrive at this location so it is silly to tell him do you know where you are
hXFNTpG5KpI-00119-00099632-00100104 do you know that this is a desert that we're in and all these people are here with us
hXFNTpG5KpI-00120-00100200-00101088 so they say to him a desert place is this and the hour is already and if your bible says
hXFNTpG5KpI-00121-00101088-00101640 late they didn't translate it properly this is a word when we look at it very carefully
hXFNTpG5KpI-00122-00101640-00102528 it means to go by to pass and what they're saying is the hour and the implication is this
hXFNTpG5KpI-00123-00102624-00103400 the hour for their departure from their standpoint what they believe how they saw things that hour
hXFNTpG5KpI-00124-00103400-00104335 had already come and went the time for them to be there had passed they should have left long before
hXFNTpG5KpI-00125-00104408-00105424 so we read and the hour has already passed second part of verse 15. now greek oftentimes
hXFNTpG5KpI-00126-00105480-00106383 has a root verb and then they attach a prefix to it and here we're going to see the prefix
hXFNTpG5KpI-00127-00106383-00107328 the same one repeated three times and it's the prefix or preposition from it's the preposition
hXFNTpG5KpI-00128-00107328-00108328 from that's used as a prefix to to these verbs pay very close attention they say to yeshua send
hXFNTpG5KpI-00129-00108416-00109032 away the crowd literally send from meaning from this place the crowd
hXFNTpG5KpI-00130-00109144-00110176 why in order that they go away what's that word away from so send them from this place
hXFNTpG5KpI-00131-00110176-00111304 that they might go from from this place into the villages to buy for themselves food now what's on
hXFNTpG5KpI-00132-00111304-00112000 their minds well it's late we see this in the other gospels it's a count of this same miracle
hXFNTpG5KpI-00133-00112080-00112872 that they had been there for a long time and they had eaten nothing and no one was complaining
hXFNTpG5KpI-00134-00112872-00113624 no one was complaining but who the disciples and they had pretty much had enough of that
hXFNTpG5KpI-00135-00113624-00114311 they didn't want any more teaching they wanted everyone to go away so they could eat
hXFNTpG5KpI-00136-00114376-00114983 now they weren't trusting him they were focusing upon themselves
hXFNTpG5KpI-00137-00115072-00116111 their need to eat they put the physical above the spiritual no one else was just this disciples so
hXFNTpG5KpI-00138-00116111-00116976 that they might go away into the villages to buy for themselves food verse 16. and we see that
hXFNTpG5KpI-00139-00116976-00117656 same conjunction which shows a disconnect something in conflict in contrast you sure
hXFNTpG5KpI-00140-00117776-00118464 he brought them to this place they were there for a reason and that's why he says
hXFNTpG5KpI-00141-00118464-00119280 verse 16 but now i realize many bibles may say and but it's better translated to show this contrast
hXFNTpG5KpI-00142-00119280-00119816 with the word but but yeshua said to them and notice what he says
hXFNTpG5KpI-00143-00120048-00121048 they have no need to leave and this word leave means to go from to depart from this place and
hXFNTpG5KpI-00144-00121048-00121744 this is the fourth time different verse but in this section the fourth time this word
hXFNTpG5KpI-00145-00121744-00122392 from this preposition is use he's saying you're saying we need to go
hXFNTpG5KpI-00146-00122392-00123152 from here from this place away from here and he's saying from my perspective whose perspective
hXFNTpG5KpI-00147-00123240-00124040 god's perspective there's no reason to leave from here he has a totally different objective
hXFNTpG5KpI-00148-00124040-00124752 and my question is this is that what's going on in your life that you have one perspective
hXFNTpG5KpI-00149-00124752-00125400 and you're praying one way but god has something totally different and you're going like this
hXFNTpG5KpI-00150-00125496-00126183 stop listen to his word seek his revelation for your life in scripture
hXFNTpG5KpI-00151-00126288-00126952 if you do that there is going to be a glorious change now will you have problems you may even
hXFNTpG5KpI-00152-00126952-00127552 have more problems but you know what you'll also experience the joy of the lord and the joy of the
hXFNTpG5KpI-00153-00127552-00128504 lord is strength and you will have the privilege of overcoming these things being a testimony and
hXFNTpG5KpI-00154-00128504-00129192 people are going to know yeah they have problems but they overcome they don't become discouraged
hXFNTpG5KpI-00155-00129192-00129880 they don't lose heart they don't complain never complain they don't complain but they trust
hXFNTpG5KpI-00156-00129935-00130992 they rely they depend upon god and god just like david says in the psalms god delivers them from
hXFNTpG5KpI-00157-00130992-00131608 their problems so yeshua says they have no need to go away and then look at the end
hXFNTpG5KpI-00158-00131608-00132392 of verse 16 where it says you and this is emphasized you give to them to eat
hXFNTpG5KpI-00159-00132480-00132864 so they're in this desert this barren place there's nothing there
hXFNTpG5KpI-00160-00132936-00133552 he says you're thinking about food their need of food therefore you give them something to
hXFNTpG5KpI-00161-00133552-00134392 eat verse 17 but they didn't like it in contrast to that they said but they were saying to him
hXFNTpG5KpI-00162-00134528-00135448 we do not have here and this is emphatic that word is going to repeat again in also an emphasized way
hXFNTpG5KpI-00163-00135512-00136592 read once more we do not have here anything except five loaves and two fish verse 18.
hXFNTpG5KpI-00164-00136776-00137904 and he said in contrast that same word but he said bring to me them here now that's what's emphasized
hXFNTpG5KpI-00165-00137904-00138624 once more they're saying let's go away there's nothing here we cannot meet the need of the people
hXFNTpG5KpI-00166-00138744-00139704 but if you are intimate with messiah you greatly understand his perspective his purposes you
hXFNTpG5KpI-00167-00139704-00140328 are going to see that he will miraculously supply so that you can minister to others
hXFNTpG5KpI-00168-00140328-00140976 that you can be a blessing in someone else's life that you can do the impossible so don't rely upon
hXFNTpG5KpI-00169-00140976-00142096 yourself rely upon his provision so we read he says to them bring to me then here verse 19
hXFNTpG5KpI-00170-00142208-00143080 and he commanded the crowd to recline upon the grass now that word reclining is an important
hXFNTpG5KpI-00171-00143080-00144064 word it doesn't just mean to sit but usually it's used in regard to a special meal like a holiday
hXFNTpG5KpI-00172-00144064-00144824 meal something that is of of significance so that use of that word tells us something
hXFNTpG5KpI-00173-00144824-00145664 important is going to happen we're going to see god at work and that should be what motivates us
hXFNTpG5KpI-00174-00145664-00146408 what we desire god at work in our situations but we have to depend upon him we have to trust him
hXFNTpG5KpI-00175-00146464-00146800 and we just don't say god i trust you and believe that that's going to make a difference
hXFNTpG5KpI-00176-00146872-00147544 we demonstrate that trust by studying his word because the trust is evident
hXFNTpG5KpI-00177-00147544-00148120 when we learn a biblical principle and we implement that into our life so he says
hXFNTpG5KpI-00178-00148216-00149072 in this passage for the crowd he commands them to sit or recline upon the grass second part of verse
hXFNTpG5KpI-00179-00149072-00149872 19 and taking the five loaves these five loaves of bread and the two fish he looks up into the
hXFNTpG5KpI-00180-00149872-00150760 heavens and what does he do he blesses now this term bless means to say something good
hXFNTpG5KpI-00181-00150816-00151592 specifically something good about god god you're able god all things are possible with you
hXFNTpG5KpI-00182-00151656-00152360 but in the hebrew language this is greek but in the hebrew language the word bless comes from
hXFNTpG5KpI-00183-00152360-00153312 bringing that which is in heaven to earth so it's a heavenly provision and that is supernatural now
hXFNTpG5KpI-00184-00153312-00153976 it might be something that's physical natural but the means of its arrival they're going to eat fish
hXFNTpG5KpI-00185-00154032-00154920 and loaves but the means that they received it were supernatural why notice the scripture he
hXFNTpG5KpI-00186-00154976-00155912 looks up raises his eyes to the heaven he blesses and he breaks that is he divides and he gave to
hXFNTpG5KpI-00187-00155912-00156680 the disciple the loaves and the disciples to the crowd and notice the outcome of this no one would
hXFNTpG5KpI-00188-00156680-00157480 have believed this where were they they were in the desert a barren place an empty place but they
hXFNTpG5KpI-00189-00157480-00158384 all ate and here's why i liked it they all ate and they were satisfied now that satisfaction
hXFNTpG5KpI-00190-00158520-00159512 is rooted in an acknowledgement of god's provision if you are a recipient of what god gives
hXFNTpG5KpI-00191-00159512-00160424 you will be satisfied in that word satisfaction also relates to joy and confidence so all eight
hXFNTpG5KpI-00192-00160424-00161352 and they were satisfied and they lifted up they took up the excess that which is in abundance
hXFNTpG5KpI-00193-00161424-00162152 and notice what it says they took up the abundance of fragments and what was there there were 12
hXFNTpG5KpI-00194-00162208-00162888 baskets full and the ones that ate they were men approximately five thousand
hXFNTpG5KpI-00195-00162984-00163624 in addition not including women and children five thousand eight
hXFNTpG5KpI-00196-00163720-00164312 and that number five thousand is related to liberty it's related to freedom
hXFNTpG5KpI-00197-00164368-00165320 it is related to being in god's will where there is no restrictions and the purposes of god can be
hXFNTpG5KpI-00198-00165320-00166272 fulfilled in your life well we'll talk more about that word that number 5000 as we move on next week
hXFNTpG5KpI-00199-00166272-00167384 into the remaining passages of this chapter until then may god richly bless you shalom from israel
hXFNTpG5KpI-00200-00167624-00167984 well we hope you will benefit from today's message and share it with others
hXFNTpG5KpI-00201-00167984-00168432 please plan to join us each week at this time and on this channel for our broadcast
hXFNTpG5KpI-00202-00168432-00169256 of love israel.org again to find out more about us please visit our website love israel.org
hXFNTpG5KpI-00203-00169256-00169720 there you will find articles in numerous other lectures by baruch these teachings are in video
hXFNTpG5KpI-00204-00169720-00170256 form may download them or watch them in streaming video until next week may the
hXFNTpG5KpI-00205-00170256-00170984 lord bless you in our messiah yeshua that is jesus as you walk with him shalom from israel
hYTCRqbyRHM-00000-00000000-00001416 ready for day 2 you yeah today is day 2 and we're going to the McMillian farms
hYTCRqbyRHM-00001-00001416-00002241 visiting chip and Joanna Gaines we see them if not we know their address just
hYTCRqbyRHM-00003-00006101-00007013 ready to live our fixer-upper dreams to the fullest excited yeah grandma is on this side
hYTCRqbyRHM-00004-00007401-00007878 how's that sunscreen grandma just doing its work
hYTCRqbyRHM-00006-00019126-00019627 he looks so pretty
hYTCRqbyRHM-00007-00019879-00019960 it's
hYTCRqbyRHM-00008-00027073-00029764 when we finished at the silos I would say it was very successful why don't
hYTCRqbyRHM-00009-00029764-00030400 you guys yes wonderful those cupcakes are worth it
hYTCRqbyRHM-00010-00030986-00031742 so nice I would say if anything so hot yeah but for sure come earlier than we did we got here
hYTCRqbyRHM-00011-00031742-00032383 around like 11:00 make sure you can hear your alarm yes we [ __ ] and have a lot of water
hYTCRqbyRHM-00012-00032383-00033257 cold water wear hats sunglasses sunscreen all that protection an adrenaline like this
hYTCRqbyRHM-00013-00033257-00034055 one but yeah it was definitely worth it the lemon lavender cupcake was perfection it was so good at
hYTCRqbyRHM-00014-00034055-00034811 the note how was that the cream cheese frosting oh how was yours grandma what what did you eat
hYTCRqbyRHM-00015-00034811-00036338 strawberries and cream yes basically everything there was worth it excellent so now to the outlets
hYTCRqbyRHM-00016-00037443-00037596 made it to the outlets
hYTCRqbyRHM-00017-00038795-00040283 grandma wants to go into duty bird and I want to go into New Balance you can come in to new New
hYTCRqbyRHM-00018-00040283-00041267 Balance with me because I know you do yeah yeah gotta get that new no this is what they're worth
hYTCRqbyRHM-00019-00041267-00041714 every penny I spent on those are some good shoes grandma nothing good looking shooters
hYTCRqbyRHM-00020-00042545-00045527 we're in the dingy brick store waitin on grandma to choose a purse so we do
hYTCRqbyRHM-00021-00045527-00047480 wait on older women no that sucks I'm about to fart in a serious we need to
hYTCRqbyRHM-00022-00047480-00047960 leave that's part it's gonna smell bad I'm gonna stay here until it happens
hYTCRqbyRHM-00023-00051405-00052111 no I don't I never get tired of videotaping everything I
hYTCRqbyRHM-00024-00052111-00052429 do I just need to you know be better about editing
hYTCRqbyRHM-00025-00052707-00052841 what did you order Melanie
hYTCRqbyRHM-00026-00053198-00053949 so good I ordered the puffy tacos and grandma ordered
hYTCRqbyRHM-00027-00054226-00055654 it's seriously some of the best Mexican food you'll ever have right guys really good it's
hYTCRqbyRHM-00028-00055654-00056671 really good much good for those patios it's a nice little hidden gem but it's authentic so good
hYTCRqbyRHM-00029-00056671-00057511 yeah the soup yeah soup is really good so about a
hYTCRqbyRHM-00030-00057511-00058099 new week today courtesy of Grandma I think I'm gonna name her Penelope really like it
hYTCRqbyRHM-00031-00058099-00059128 let me know what you guys think this is my new do for the summer oh I am
hYTCRqbyRHM-00032-00059128-00059979 killing myself yeah this lighting is uber Oh Penelope yes girl yes Penelope give me
hYTCRqbyRHM-00033-00059979-00060930 why not me it's just like the hell but yeah I think yeah right like I
hYTCRqbyRHM-00034-00060930-00062125 give myself a boyfriend with this girl give us up uh not a boyfriend a husband a husband honey
hYTCRqbyRHM-00035-00062729-00063729 you like it yeah I think Penelope's the name of this one I really like it yeah I'm obsessed
hYTCRqbyRHM-00036-00063729-00064860 with this one as well yeah new way courtesy of the grandma today so meet Penelope give
hYTCRqbyRHM-00037-00064860-00065715 Memorial Day weekend vibes going into the summer okay well whoo I'll pour some wine
hYTCRqbyRHM-00038-00065715-00066255 oh well we don't have that much wine I'll pour some something but anyways I'm gonna
hYTCRqbyRHM-00039-00066255-00066780 head out because uh I head out but I'm gonna go because we need to watch Project Runway I
hYTCRqbyRHM-00040-00066780-00068226 do wearing this little mock thing what's cool he got really close anyways bye yeah
hYTCRqbyRHM-00042-00074610-00075327 honestly all that we've done today has been just going to church in the morning we had breakfast
hYTCRqbyRHM-00043-00075327-00076200 did a little window shopping and now we're home watching PR Project Runway and we're gonna have
hYTCRqbyRHM-00044-00076200-00077028 like some salmon and some asparagus and some brown rice and some other stuff for Sunday evening and
hYTCRqbyRHM-00045-00077028-00077709 then we leave tomorrow 8:50 for the airport so we're not really doing that much for the rest
hYTCRqbyRHM-00046-00077709-00078252 of the day just kind of chilling relaxing at home before we have to fly out tomorrow yesterday was
hYTCRqbyRHM-00047-00078252-00078801 the big day of going to Magnolia farms and then Friday we went downtown and you know southern
hYTCRqbyRHM-00048-00078801-00079557 market Tia and everything and it's just been so hot so we're just really really exhausted and
hYTCRqbyRHM-00049-00079557-00080385 really tired but yeah and then yesterday oh and then Friday we also got in and out I think it
hYTCRqbyRHM-00050-00080385-00081132 would also did got my wig yesterday I met up with my best friend Jackie as you guys saw from high
hYTCRqbyRHM-00051-00081132-00081927 school really glad I got to see her she's the best and yeah so we're just going to continue chilling
hYTCRqbyRHM-00052-00081927-00082584 and then might catch up with you later okay so what's in here right now it's at these dice to me
hYTCRqbyRHM-00053-00082685-00083579 dice Tomatoes and you will put your peppers in there you know like one little BBD one
hYTCRqbyRHM-00054-00083716-00084508 solve it that's what you want right and I put that down and then one lemon
hYTCRqbyRHM-00055-00086533-00087004 oh that's why okay ready yeah
hYTCRqbyRHM-00056-00087073-00088762 and depending how you want it see that's too cocky for me yeah the best shot getting my
hYTCRqbyRHM-00057-00088762-00089437 you want it a little bit more you think yeah I think so I mean but look at this see mm-hmm
hYTCRqbyRHM-00058-00089437-00090757 and then we can add some salt okay that's it yeah you see that's it let's do a taste test
hYTCRqbyRHM-00059-00091721-00092414 it was a really good ship ship unless you want chicken I'm going to try it now
hYTCRqbyRHM-00060-00093465-00093612 Turner insanity
hYTCRqbyRHM-00061-00094898-00095976 yeah I guess it and that's just one thing yeah I made yeah and that's what you do instead of
hYTCRqbyRHM-00062-00095976-00096453 mind and your over there so you know what I love most they don't they don't make me put
hYTCRqbyRHM-00063-00096453-00097119 such a some probably the best thing right when you got and then you can even use paid but you
hYTCRqbyRHM-00064-00097119-00097899 have to put it in there at some line too because the to tip I got some self at Trader Joe's and it
hYTCRqbyRHM-00065-00097899-00098559 was like they've dumped a whole bag of salt into a container that was like this size it was yeah
hYTCRqbyRHM-00066-00098559-00099090 I returned it and they gave him some money back I've never returned anything to try to does orally
hYTCRqbyRHM-00067-00099485-00099734 I am I
hYTCRqbyRHM-00068-00100227-00100242 warm
hYTCRqbyRHM-00069-00100511-00100649 and I charted on the one
hYTCRqbyRHM-00070-00101364-00102161 the data were I mean yourself these are plates yeah gotta
hYTCRqbyRHM-00071-00102161-00102728 use them I bought it it was last year I was with Sylvia and she liked to go to
hYTCRqbyRHM-00072-00103351-00104389 you don't like their head is gonna cut off my head anyway she likes to go to those free market that
hYTCRqbyRHM-00073-00104389-00105172 are being set lacking so while we were there she went around and I saw a display and I said what I
hYTCRqbyRHM-00074-00105172-00105673 should get all of them s and not only knowledge of because it's useful Stadium so I got through
hYTCRqbyRHM-00075-00105673-00106880 they inspired from overseas look at the bottom the bottom she wanted someone to see you know oh
hYTCRqbyRHM-00076-00106880-00107765 it's made in Italy yeah in Italy you know I got it it's a brain you see no pizza I said here Bri ng
hYTCRqbyRHM-00077-00109245-00109428 cracker okay
hYTCRqbyRHM-00078-00109754-00110006 oh yeah
hYTCRqbyRHM-00079-00111225-00111819 boom imagine book suggests in the park bring online walking
hYTCRqbyRHM-00080-00112077-00112998 yeah and now me no baby lemme crew excuse me but yeah I smell these little chips on
hYTCRqbyRHM-00081-00112998-00113364 yeah still good but this footage of the real thing
hYTCRqbyRHM-00082-00113629-00113725 good job Emma
hYTCRqbyRHM-00083-00113842-00115543 what about that that's one of those are really need to get some chips up I found my money so
hYTCRqbyRHM-00084-00115543-00116395 I could go get some chips oh you guys can go get the chip we're gonna eat like yeah this would be
hYTCRqbyRHM-00085-00117016-00118267 good like that mm-hmm yeah I like it your head is not cut off this time we go from
hYTCRqbyRHM-00086-00118267-00119502 there yeah you girls be having girls night or whatever that thing is that you do and you have
hYTCRqbyRHM-00087-00119502-00120123 better you got your woman blue chips Holly I love chips and salsa it's like my favorite
hYTCRqbyRHM-00088-00120123-00120819 side yeah it's so good I didn't have that up there will you chips whatever you guys have
hYTCRqbyRHM-00089-00121485-00121908 so now that they're not swimming for me if you guys know either I have some a little
hYTCRqbyRHM-00090-00121908-00122964 bit left because I have stuff refrigerator from the food so have see lost over time
hYTCRqbyRHM-00091-00123040-00123598 yeah yeah but healing with chicken on the beat and I have the flour
hYTCRqbyRHM-00092-00123598-00124213 tortilla I'd rather use the corn tortilla because it's less sugar
hYc4i2qwM-8-00000-00000708-00001052 With so many new tools and ways to use technology,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00001-00001052-00001369 open educational resources or OER
hYc4i2qwM-8-00002-00001369-00001644 have become an important supply from which to draw
hYc4i2qwM-8-00003-00001644-00001914 when developing instructional content.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00004-00001914-00002294 OER are educational materials produced by one party
hYc4i2qwM-8-00005-00002294-00002736 that are licensed to be shared freely and at no cost by others.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00006-00002736-00003097 Let's examine the process of finding and using OER
hYc4i2qwM-8-00007-00003097-00003380 and how to handle the complications that can arise
hYc4i2qwM-8-00008-00003380-00003752 when combining materials with different licenses.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00009-00003752-00004154 There are many open licenses, but Creative Commons licenses are the ones
hYc4i2qwM-8-00010-00004154-00004369 we will be working with here.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00011-00004369-00004731 So how do you go about finding and using OER?
hYc4i2qwM-8-00012-00004731-00005161 Let's watch Michelle as she develops a chapter for an open textbook
hYc4i2qwM-8-00013-00005161-00005861 on metabolism. Yeah!
hYc4i2qwM-8-00014-00006263-00006547 Michelle has been teaching metabolism for years,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00015-00006547-00006976 so she has already developed the text of the chapter from her notes.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00016-00006976-00007156 But she needs some illustrations,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00017-00007156-00007350 specifically of the Krebs Cycle
hYc4i2qwM-8-00018-00007350-00007640 and the Electron Transport Chain.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00019-00007640-00008013 She'd also like to find some exercises to accompany the text.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00020-00008013-00008243 There are many places to find OER,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00021-00008243-00008432 such as flickr CC,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00022-00008432-00008588 OER Commons,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00023-00008588-00008717 Connexions,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00024-00008717-00008865 Internet Archive,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00025-00008865-00009116 or open.michigan.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00026-00009116-00009689 Michelle goes to flickr CC at flickr.com/creativecommons/.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00027-00009689-00010015 That brings her to a collection of all the flickr images that have
hYc4i2qwM-8-00028-00010015-00010198 Creative Commons licenses.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00029-00010198-00010898 She quickly finds the images she's looking for,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00030-00010977-00011275 both with CC BY licenses.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00031-00011275-00011591 For exercises, she logs into The Orange Grove,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00032-00011591-00012091 Florida's digital repository, where a wide range of OER are available.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00033-00012091-00012398 Here she searches for Electron Transport Chain
hYc4i2qwM-8-00034-00012398-00012652 and turns up some exercise test questions,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00035-00012652-00013352 also licensed CC BY.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00036-00013662-00014019 Because there are no restrictions on these images or exercises,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00037-00014019-00014409 Michelle is free to modify them to suit her needs.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00038-00014409-00014905 She re-sizes and crops the images and writes captions for them.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00039-00014905-00015331 Then, for each image, she provides the specific Creative Commons license with
hYc4i2qwM-8-00040-00015331-00015623 a link back to its license deed.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00041-00015623-00015990 Next, she writes the creators name, linking back to the flickr site where she
hYc4i2qwM-8-00042-00015990-00016174 found the image.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00043-00016174-00016540 She also adds some references to the images in her text.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00044-00016540-00016820 She then adds the exercises at the end,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00045-00016820-00017103 removes two that do not belong in her chapter,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00046-00017103-00017319 provides attribution to the creator,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00047-00017319-00017598 and links back to the resource.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00048-00017598-00018020 Then she uses the Accessibility Checker utility in Microsoft Word,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00049-00018020-00018720 which spots content that may pose challenges for persons with disabilities.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00050-00019122-00019523 When Michelle saves her book, she notices the metadata text fields at the
hYc4i2qwM-8-00051-00019523-00019751 bottom of the Save As window.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00052-00019751-00019993 Her name is already listed as author.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00053-00019993-00020287 She could add more names if she had co-authors.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00054-00020287-00020541 She enters the title and subject,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00055-00020541-00020921 then several tags that describe the content of her work.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00056-00020921-00021205 When Michelle clicks Save,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00057-00021205-00021905 the metadata is embedded in the document.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00058-00022250-00022592 Finally she adds a Creative Commons license.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00059-00022592-00022817 Because the other content she is using
hYc4i2qwM-8-00060-00022817-00023043 has CC BY licenses,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00061-00023043-00023259 the least restrictive license available,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00062-00023259-00023570 she is free to choose the license she wants.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00063-00023570-00023933 She goes to the Creative Commons page to choose a license.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00064-00023933-00024398 She answers a few questions, and her license is selected automatically.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00065-00024398-00024718 She then fills in some information to help others provide proper attribution
hYc4i2qwM-8-00066-00024718-00024868 for her work,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00067-00024868-00025259 and the chooser automatically generates text and code for her document.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00068-00025259-00025707 She copies the text and pastes it onto the first page of her chapter.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00069-00025707-00025916 A job well done Michelle!
hYc4i2qwM-8-00070-00025916-00026616 Thanks.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00071-00026872-00027372 Michelle used the BY license, which made licensing her new work easy.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00072-00027372-00027677 But not all licenses play well with others.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00073-00027677-00027868 Let's consider some situations
hYc4i2qwM-8-00074-00027868-00028239 where the licenses being combined are more restrictive.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00075-00028239-00028424 Suppose you are developing a work
hYc4i2qwM-8-00076-00028424-00028864 and you want to use some other CC licensed works within yours.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00077-00028864-00029289 If you adapt or derive works offered under  Creative Commons licenses,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00078-00029289-00029652 you must not only follow the terms of the licenses involved,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00079-00029652-00029884 but also choose a license for your work
hYc4i2qwM-8-00080-00029884-00030263 that is compatible with the licenses of the works you are using.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00081-00030263-00030669 If the license of the work you want to use is not compatible with yours, or another
hYc4i2qwM-8-00082-00030669-00030878 work you plan to use,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00083-00030878-00031278 search for a comparable work with a compatible license, or
hYc4i2qwM-8-00084-00031278-00031668 try to contact the rights holder and request permission to use the work under your
hYc4i2qwM-8-00085-00031668-00032244 license. Yo, email.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00086-00032244-00032608 So which licenses are compatible and which are not?
hYc4i2qwM-8-00087-00032608-00033027 The BY licence is compatible with any other Creative Commons license, so you
hYc4i2qwM-8-00088-00033027-00033241 can use it--with attribution of course--
hYc4i2qwM-8-00089-00033241-00033416 any way you like.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00090-00033416-00033925 Sometimes the BY license has the  NoDerivatives or ND provision.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00091-00033925-00034259 The ND provision prohibits the works from being adapted,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00092-00034259-00034348 revised,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00093-00034348-00034552 or combined at all.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00094-00034552-00035012 With the ShareAlike or SA provision, your new work must have an identical
hYc4i2qwM-8-00095-00035012-00035283 license as the source content.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00096-00035283-00035684 In other words, this license lets others remix
hYc4i2qwM-8-00097-00035684-00035835 and build upon a work
hYc4i2qwM-8-00098-00035835-00036165 as long as they credit the creator and license their derivatives 
hYc4i2qwM-8-00099-00036165-00036380 under identical terms.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00100-00036380-00036466 Finally,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00101-00036466-00036933 the NonCommercial or NC provision makes the license compatible with any of
hYc4i2qwM-8-00102-00036933-00037253 the three licenses with an NC component:
hYc4i2qwM-8-00103-00037253-00037487 BY-NC itself,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00104-00037487-00038027 BY-NC-SA, or even BY-NC-ND.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00105-00038027-00038384 This is the Andrea and Charles.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00106-00038384-00038694 They're each developing their own chapters of an open textbook
hYc4i2qwM-8-00107-00038694-00038962 to be licensed separately. That's right!
hYc4i2qwM-8-00108-00038962-00039353 When they have questions about which license to use, they ask Beth,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00109-00039353-00039656 the Scholarly Communications Librarian.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00110-00039656-00040168 Beth is considered a leading expert on campus in Creative Commons licensing.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00111-00040168-00040415 Most people think she's pretty cool.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00112-00040415-00040662 Andrea and Charles would agree.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00113-00040662-00041084 Andrea has found two resources that she wants to use with her own writing.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00114-00041084-00041506 One is an extensive table with useful information for students.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00115-00041506-00041941 The other is a diagram that shows the relationships among complex variables
hYc4i2qwM-8-00116-00041941-00042300 in a way that makes them easier for students to grasp.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00117-00042300-00042674 The table is found in a work with an Attribution license.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00118-00042674-00043101 The diagram carries an Attribution-NonCommercial license.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00119-00043101-00043524 She's confident she can use these assets for her open textbook chapter, but she
hYc4i2qwM-8-00120-00043524-00043919 wonders what licenses she can applied to her finished work.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00121-00043919-00044278 Considering the stipulations of the BY-NC license,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00122-00044278-00044591 she figures she can use a BY-NC,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00123-00044591-00044819 a BY-NC-SA,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00124-00044819-00045116 or a BY-NC-ND license.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00125-00045116-00045391 Right Beth?
hYc4i2qwM-8-00126-00045391-00045559 Great!
hYc4i2qwM-8-00127-00045559-00045775 Now it's Charles' turn.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00128-00045775-00046215 Charles also has two resources that he wants to use with his chapter.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00129-00046215-00046580 One is a photograph with an  Attribution-ShareAlike license,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00130-00046580-00046803 and the other is a set of exercises
hYc4i2qwM-8-00131-00046803-00047081 with an Attribution-NonCommercial license.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00132-00047081-00047518 He figures he can cover them both by licensing his chapter with a 
hYc4i2qwM-8-00133-00047518-00047774 BY-NC-SA license. Beth?
hYc4i2qwM-8-00134-00047774-00047903 No way Chuck!
hYc4i2qwM-8-00135-00047903-00048181 Not unless you obtain permission from the photographer.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00136-00048181-00048602 ShareAlike means you have to use the  exact same license, and the BY-NC license of 
hYc4i2qwM-8-00137-00048602-00048968 the exercises won't let you do that.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00138-00048968-00049193 Well, what if i use this resource?
hYc4i2qwM-8-00139-00049193-00049341 BY license?
hYc4i2qwM-8-00140-00049341-00049487 You're good to go.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00141-00049487-00049734 Thanks guys.  No problem!
hYc4i2qwM-8-00142-00049734-00049881 When it comes down to it,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00143-00049881-00050218 some combinations of licenses just aren't compatible.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00144-00050218-00050705 And some combinations, like Andrea's, give several options.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00145-00050705-00051127 Fortunately, the number of resources with open licenses is huge,
hYc4i2qwM-8-00146-00051127-00051333 and it's growing every day.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00147-00051333-00051774 So don't give up if the work you want to use has an incompatible license.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00148-00051774-00051896 There's plenty.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00149-00051896-00051977 And that's it!
hYc4i2qwM-8-00150-00051977-00052263 It's pretty easy when you get the hang of it.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00151-00052263-00052745 Now you'll be able to produce properly licensed open educational resources that can
hYc4i2qwM-8-00152-00052745-00052882 benefit many people.
hYc4i2qwM-8-00153-00052882-00053582 So good luck!
hZhhsLXg61u-00000-00001333-00002209 A 2016 news story in The Guardian looked at the impact of social media during the 2011 uprising in Egypt. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00001-00002210-00003306 The story shared, “On 25 January 2011 hundreds of thousands of protesters started to gather in Tahrir Square 
hZhhsLXg61u-00002-00003306-00004149 and planted the seeds of unrest which, days later, finally unseated the incumbent president, Hosni Mubarak, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00003-00004150-00004430 after 30 years of power.” 
hZhhsLXg61u-00004-00004430-00004640 The story continued, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00005-00004640-00005240 “During 2011, the term Arab Spring became interchangeable with 'Twitter uprising' 
hZhhsLXg61u-00006-00005240-00005483 or 'Facebook revolution', 
hZhhsLXg61u-00007-00005483-00005926 as global media tried to make sense of what was going on. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00008-00005926-00006236 But despite western media’s love affair with the idea, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00009-00006236-00006623 the uprisings didn’t happen because of social media. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00010-00006623-00007423 Instead, the platforms provided opportunities for organisation and protest that traditional methods couldn’t.” 
hZhhsLXg61u-00011-00007423-00007903 In the words of one protester, Fawaz Rashed: 
hZhhsLXg61u-00012-00007903-00008723 “We use Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world.”  
hZhhsLXg61u-00013-00008723-00009353 Since 2011, we’ve witnessed the positive impact of social media in several industries. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00014-00009353-00009933 We’ve observed restaurants gain popularity and fame from customer reviews on Yelp. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00015-00009933-00010916 We’ve seen donations to worthy charities spike through social media such as the 2019 “ice bucket challenge” to support ALS research. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00016-00010916-00011426 New business and products found life because of social media sites like GoFundMe. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00017-00011426-00011816 There are dozens of examples like these. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00018-00011816-00012773 In December 2019 The Pew Research Center published a report titled 10 tech-related trends that shaped the decade. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00019-00012773-00013096 Number one on the list was this finding, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00020-00013096-00014116 “Social media sites have emerged as a go-to platform for connecting with others, finding news and engaging politically.”    
hZhhsLXg61u-00021-00014116-00014826 However, less than one year later in August 2020,  Pew published another report titled, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00022-00014826-00015583 55% of U.S. social media users say they are ‘worn out,’ by political posts and discussions. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00023-00015583-00016256 The report stated, “Americans who use social media sites are also more likely today 
hZhhsLXg61u-00024-00016256-00016976 than in 2016 to describe the political discourse on these platforms in negative terms. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00025-00016976-00017859 Seven-in-ten now say they find it ‘stressful and frustrating’ to talk about politics on social media with people they disagree with, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00026-00017860-00018323 up from 59% in 2016,” and 
hZhhsLXg61u-00027-00018323-00019256 “The new survey also finds that social media users generally do not find common ground as a result of online discussions about politics. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00028-00019256-00020113 Roughly seven-in-ten users (72%) say that discussing politics on social media with people they disagree with 
hZhhsLXg61u-00029-00020113-00020766 usually leads them to find out they have ‘less in common politically’ than they expected, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00030-00020766-00021199 while 22% report finding out they have ‘more in common politically’ 
hZhhsLXg61u-00031-00021200-00021526 than previously thought.” 
hZhhsLXg61u-00032-00021526-00021993 Is this apparent decline in connection and engagement because of social media 
hZhhsLXg61u-00033-00021993-00022739 or was this decline inevitable and social media brought issues that have always existed to the forefront? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00034-00022740-00022930 What is social media? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00035-00022930-00023310 What are the issues and consequences around social media? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00036-00023310-00024120 How does social media fit into the area of digital media ethics?  
hZhhsLXg61u-00037-00024120-00024630 What is social media? The Merriam-Webster Dictionary tells us social media is, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00038-00024630-00025140 “forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social networking 
hZhhsLXg61u-00039-00025140-00025930 and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00040-00025930-00026356 and other content (such as videos).” 
hZhhsLXg61u-00041-00026356-00026729 Wikipedia describes social media like this, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00042-00026730-00027186 “Social media are interactive computer-mediated technologies that 
hZhhsLXg61u-00043-00027186-00027716 facilitate the creation or sharing of information, ideas, career interests 
hZhhsLXg61u-00044-00027716-00028266 and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.[1][2] 
hZhhsLXg61u-00045-00028266-00029049 The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; 
hZhhsLXg61u-00046-00029050-00029523 however, there are some common features:[2]” 
hZhhsLXg61u-00047-00029523-00029769 Wikipedia suggests the common features 
hZhhsLXg61u-00048-00029770-00030596 include: interactive applications, user-generated content, user created profiles, maintained by the social media organization, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00049-00030596-00031113 and facilitation of social networks.  
hZhhsLXg61u-00050-00031113-00031589 We’ve witnessed good consequences likely because of social medias presence, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00051-00031589-00031906 including providing the ability for people to: 
hZhhsLXg61u-00052-00031906-00032513 connect, share, publish, organize, enhance activism, and profit. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00053-00032513-00032996 Social media helped bring to light injustice, crimes in progress, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00054-00032996-00033446 and real-time alerts of disasters and safety measures. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00055-00033446-00033859 Social media platforms helped bring funding to ideas, movements, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00056-00033860-00034170 and social causes for the common good. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00057-00034170-00034500 And social media supported individual prosperity 
hZhhsLXg61u-00058-00034500-00034966 and fresh ways of making a living through self-publishing and promotion. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00059-00034966-00035463 We’ve used social media to stay connected to those we may not have otherwise been able to, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00060-00035463-00035933 if not for social media.  
hZhhsLXg61u-00061-00035933-00036289 We’ve also experienced other consequences because of social media’s viral 
hZhhsLXg61u-00062-00036290-00036640 and broad reaching characteristics including: 
hZhhsLXg61u-00063-00036640-00037290 cyber-bullying, harassment, stalking, mass spreading of false news and misinformation, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00064-00037290-00037810 and privacy and data sharing breaches and concerns. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00065-00037810-00038473 In July 2020, Washington called executives from Google, Amazon, Apple, and Facebook to testify before 
hZhhsLXg61u-00066-00038473-00039059 Congress as part of investigations of competition in the digital marketplace. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00067-00039060-00039496 In that same month the Pew Research Center published a report showing, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00068-00039496-00040143 “A majority of Americans think social media companies have too much power and influence 
hZhhsLXg61u-00069-00040143-00040876 in politics, and roughly half think major technology companies should be regulated more than they are now.” 
hZhhsLXg61u-00070-00040876-00041449 Have social media and the tech companies become problematic and out of control? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00071-00041450-00041870 Do we understand the technology and the consequences of it? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00072-00041870-00042323 Is there a need to slow social media’s reach and regulate this industry? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00073-00042323-00043233 It's difficult to weigh the positive effects of social media against the serious negative consequences.   
hZhhsLXg61u-00074-00043233-00043823 Social media appears to have a significant effect on adults, business, and public discourse. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00075-00043823-00044116 And what about young adults and children? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00076-00044116-00044643 Has the infusion of social media and technology into all part of our lives made it 
hZhhsLXg61u-00077-00044643-00045573 impossible to raise children and shield and protect them from harm during their important years of physical and cognitive development? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00078-00045573-00046333 In her text, The Cyber Effect: An Expert in Cyberpsychology Explains How Technology Is Shaping Our Children, Our Behavior, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00079-00046333-00046663 and Our Values--and What We Can Do About It, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00080-00046663-00047499 Mary Aiken, Ph.D., tells us about the effects of social media on teens. Aiken suggests, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00081-00047500-00048266 “Because teenagers (as well as children) can display narcissistic-type traits due to the simple fact that their sense of self, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00082-00048266-00048669 or ‘self-concept,’ is still being formed. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00083-00048670-00049360 They can seem to be uncaring about others because they are distracted by the work of creating an identity. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00084-00049360-00050023 Teenagers will try on new selves and new clothes and new hairstyles to the point of total disengagement 
hZhhsLXg61u-00085-00050023-00050456 with anything else going on in their family life or home. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00086-00050456-00051259 For a teenager, this sort of experimentation, along with risk-taking, is one way that identity is formed. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00087-00051260-00051626 Going too far is part of the process—almost a requirement. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00088-00051626-00051989 Who am I today? Who do I want to be tomorrow morning? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00089-00051990-00052340 They look for answers in the feedback they receive from their peers. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00090-00052340-00053096 And today, to a greater and greater degree, this feedback happens online, not just from their friends 
hZhhsLXg61u-00091-00053096-00053819 but in free online astrological profiles, personality questionnaires, and a plethora of phone apps 
hZhhsLXg61u-00092-00053820-00054140 that will analyze their handwriting, music tastes, food preferences, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00093-00054140-00054646 and even bathing styles.” Aiken asks, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00094-00054646-00054983 “Teenagers are consumed by their own reflections, in other words, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00095-00054983-00055479 hoping to figure out who they are. What happens when the bathroom ​mirror, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00096-00055479-00056396 where teens used to stare at themselves, is replaced with a virtual mirror—a selfie that they just took with their phone?”  
hZhhsLXg61u-00097-00056396-00056873 What resources can help us better assess social media? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00098-00056873-00057449 We've of heard things we can do to assess digital news. Actions such as; separating facts from opinions, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00099-00057450-00058176 identifying news versus opinion pieces, identifying false facts, fake news, and misinformation. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00100-00058176-00058719 With news we can find multiple and credible sources, identify the goals, motives, 
hZhhsLXg61u-00101-00058720-00059176 and funding sources of the producers of the news, and verify the facts. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00102-00059176-00059476 Can we use these same approaches for social media? 
hZhhsLXg61u-00103-00059476-00059783 Are there other considerations?  
hZhhsLXg61u-00104-00059783-00060186 It appears social media isn’t vacating our culture soon. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00105-00060186-00060369 It’s here to stay. 
hZhhsLXg61u-00106-00060370-00062496 How can we use social media to better serve our culture, communities, and ourselves?
hab-3TCeCVo-00000-00001258-00001393 My names Ellen Selly 
hab-3TCeCVo-00001-00001393-00001701 I work with sharing the harvest community farm
hab-3TCeCVo-00002-00001701-00002132 it's located at the Dartmouth YMCA at the sharing the harvest I'm actually in
hab-3TCeCVo-00003-00002132-00002608 AmeriCorps VISTA and what I'm doing is a volunteer development coordinator so I recruit  
hab-3TCeCVo-00004-00002608-00002822 volunteers to come out on the farm
hab-3TCeCVo-00005-00002822-00003182 so sharing the harvest Community Farm is a community-driven
hab-3TCeCVo-00006-00003182-00003700 it a community farm and all volunteer driven what we do is all the 
hab-3TCeCVo-00007-00003700-00004010 produce the farm gets donated through The Hunger Commission of
hab-3TCeCVo-00008-00004010-00004429 Eastern Massachusetts to the south coast commnunity anyone in need
hab-3TCeCVo-00009-00004429-00004751 so a lot of food pantries and things like that and
hab-3TCeCVo-00010-00004751-00005173 and my job is to get volunteers on the farm to make our presence more well
hab-3TCeCVo-00011-00005173-00005511 known in the community so that people know about us and want to help the whole
hab-3TCeCVo-00012-00005511-00005662 volunteers are 
hab-3TCeCVo-00013-00005662-00006187 a huge asset to our organization with out our volunteers we woundn't have the farm they
hab-3TCeCVo-00014-00006187-00006237 are
hab-3TCeCVo-00015-00006237-00006447 entity basically 
hab-3TCeCVo-00016-00006447-00006806 being that we located so close to the BCC community know a lot of people who
hab-3TCeCVo-00017-00006806-00007006 attend BCC because its a community college
hab-3TCeCVo-00018-00007006-00007356 live in the area so it's a great resource for them to kind of come out
hab-3TCeCVo-00019-00007356-00007678 and help out their own community in a very direct way
hdp2t5HOCm0-00000-00001587-00002254 The pozzelle, deep from 3 to 6 metres, were some ancient and rural artefacts, ingenious,
hdp2t5HOCm0-00001-00002254-00002736 and environmental-friendly, used for the rainwater harvesting.
hdp2t5HOCm0-00002-00002736-00003514 They were realised by digging out a pit in the permeable ground and coating it with dry
hdp2t5HOCm0-00003-00003514-00004245 stones which recalls the technique of construction of pajare.
hdp2t5HOCm0-00004-00004245-00004905 The living stones were placed in concentric circles, to form ever-smaller circumferences
hdp2t5HOCm0-00005-00004905-00005170 stacked on top of each other.
hdp2t5HOCm0-00006-00005170-00006046 This formed a false dome, which ended with an opening called in griko dialect “vukkale”
hdp2t5HOCm0-00007-00006046-00006675 placed at the same floor level of the ground.
hdp2t5HOCm0-00008-00006675-00007384 The opening was protected by a block of limestone where a hole called “vera” is made to
hdp2t5HOCm0-00009-00007384-00008700 extract water from the subsoil.
hdp2t5HOCm0-00010-00008700-00009199 The “Laccu te lu Murica” in Corigliano d'Otranto was a place where once the unspoilt
hdp2t5HOCm0-00011-00009199-00009889 nature showed its majestic beauty.
hdp2t5HOCm0-00012-00009889-00010539 The “Lacchi” are some karstic depressions excavated over time by the rainwater, which
hdp2t5HOCm0-00013-00010539-00011181 periodically returns to fill them temporarily, forming some natural lakes full of animal
hdp2t5HOCm0-00014-00011181-00011278 and vegetal life.
hfwYGYbbfiU-00000-00000000-00000100 quack~
hfwYGYbbfiU-00001-00000100-00000200 QUACK!
hfwYGYbbfiU-00002-00000200-00000300 Q̷̺͈̪͙͛̍̾̓̀̌̇̅͛̉̅͊̒͝͠͝ȗ̸̳̲̪̩͌̓͘A̷̪̯͈͍̬̬̘͍͈̫̱͙̯͖͙͚̥̮̣̳͈̥̟̩̹͂͜͜ç̶̨̡̛̱̘̫͚̣̼͕͉̰̱̹͙̥̣͎͎̮͇̯̭̙̊̌̈́̊̈́́̈́͛͂̆̍̅́̍̔̎̇͛̾̔͒̏͌͋͆͂̚ͅͅK̴̢̧̧̛̛̠̠̗̱͈̳͎̝͉̘͎̫̤̮͓͉̯̻͚͚̬̝͋͑͌͗̈́̈́̽̈́̀̽͂̓̆̒̓̀͆̃̍̕̚͝͝͝͝ͅ
hfwYGYbbfiU-00003-00000300-00000400 🦆🎧🎶
hfwYGYbbfiU-00004-00000400-00000600 [Heart N' Soul'] ❤👻
hfwYGYbbfiU-00005-00000700-00000900 [Cheerful Trap Type Beat]
hfwYGYbbfiU-00006-00000900-00001200 [Prod. By Quacka]
hfwYGYbbfiU-00007-00001400-00001699 Heart and soul, I fell in love with you, lost control, the way a fool would do, Gladly... Because you held me tight, And stole a kiss in the night.. Heart and soul, I begged to be adored, Lost control, and tumbled overboard, Gladly... That magic night we kissed,
hfwYGYbbfiU-00008-00001699-00002137 There in the moon mist. Oh! but your lips were thrilling, much too thrilling, Never before were mine so strangely willing. But now I see, what one embrace can do, Look at me, it's got me loving you, Madly...
hfwYGYbbfiU-00009-00002137-00002266 That little kiss you stole, Held all my heart and soul.
hfwYGYbbfiU-00010-00002270-00002473 For more information about the beats, check my description below! 👇
hfwYGYbbfiU-00011-00002500-00003000 Want to collab with me?  Contact me in my IG or Gmail in the description! 📲
hfwYGYbbfiU-00012-00003000-00003500 If you use this beat, make sure to credit me properly 😊
hfwYGYbbfiU-00013-00006000-00009000 Subscribe to me! You hoomans! 🦆
hgaFos4QP34-00000-00000290-00000550 Okay, it should be recording now. 
hgaFos4QP34-00001-00001019-00001590 I see some some hands raised. Are there any specific questions? They want to ask 
hgaFos4QP34-00002-00001689-00002110 I believe that was from all the recording think as has been mentioned in the group 
hgaFos4QP34-00003-00002110-00002400 tribe. Okay. Thanks. 
hgaFos4QP34-00004-00002630-00003180 I will I will record the part that has not been recorded and I will upload that 
hgaFos4QP34-00005-00003180-00003529 on the on the Blackboard page apologies for that. 
hgaFos4QP34-00006-00003729-00004510 So as I said before there are some differences in terms of the materials. So depending 
hgaFos4QP34-00007-00004510-00005100 if you are using polymers or if using Metals, there might be differences in terms 
hgaFos4QP34-00008-00005100-00005620 of the support structures that they need to use support structures for building 
hgaFos4QP34-00009-00005620-00006010 your parts, but we will get into that and we'll talk about that a bit more in detail 
hgaFos4QP34-00010-00006030-00006220 when we get to the part of that fusion part. 
hgaFos4QP34-00011-00006650-00007040 Okay, are there any questions that you want to ask at this point? 
hgaFos4QP34-00012-00007350-00008120 If you if you have any questions, I will reserve a bit of time at the end to go 
hgaFos4QP34-00013-00008120-00008480 through some of the questions you might have. I'll see if you've got any other questions. 
hgaFos4QP34-00014-00008480-00009440 Please do post them on the on the discussion board. I have a question. Yes. So before 
hgaFos4QP34-00015-00009440-00010230 using the 3D Pro Point printer, so we must use a computer to slice the object. 
hgaFos4QP34-00016-00010240-00011000 That we made it right? Yes. So before you actually manufacture Your Parts you need 
hgaFos4QP34-00017-00011000-00011740 to design your parts and then the Triangular ization and the slicing of your part 
hgaFos4QP34-00018-00011740-00012080 is done automatically with the software. So you don't need to do that. Manually. 
hgaFos4QP34-00019-00012080-00012680 It's an automated process. They can use specific software to do that. And then after 
hgaFos4QP34-00020-00012680-00013210 you do that, it's generated a g code that contains all the information regarding 
hgaFos4QP34-00021-00013210-00013240 the 
hgaFos4QP34-00022-00013240-00013750 The deposition Pathways to generate your part and that information with those numerical 
hgaFos4QP34-00023-00013750-00014340 coordinates is then sent to the 3D printed Parts. Sorry the 3D printer that you 
hgaFos4QP34-00024-00014340-00014969 have available to actually physically Recreation your object. Okay. Thank you very 
hgaFos4QP34-00025-00014969-00015430 much, sir. You're welcome. If there any other questions we can go through them at 
hgaFos4QP34-00026-00015430-00015530 the end of the lecture, okay? 
hgaFos4QP34-00027-00015640-00016269 So obviously additive Manufacturing in general and I'm not talking just about a 
hgaFos4QP34-00028-00016269-00017120 specific process. It presents several advantages. So one of the important advantages 
hgaFos4QP34-00029-00017200-00017800 is the low-volume production so for specific products and additive manufacturing 
hgaFos4QP34-00030-00017800-00018470 can replace machine tooling and by doing so this allows for cheap low value production 
hgaFos4QP34-00031-00018520-00018570 and 
hgaFos4QP34-00032-00018620-00019070 Facilitate something that is very important that we talked about in one of the first 
hgaFos4QP34-00033-00019070-00019640 lectures which is the ability to personalize and customize products according to 
hgaFos4QP34-00034-00019640-00020170 the requirements of your customer. And this is something that is not possible of 
hgaFos4QP34-00035-00020170-00020770 doing with conventional manufacturing because of the costs involved in the tooling 
hgaFos4QP34-00036-00020820-00020940 to manufacture products. 
hgaFos4QP34-00037-00021150-00021980 Also, another important Advantage is the lower cost production when compared to 
hgaFos4QP34-00038-00021980-00022740 traditional Manufacturing Systems. So because in traditional Manufacturing Systems, 
hgaFos4QP34-00039-00022740-00023240 you have to generate tools, you know, you can be a molds for casting or it can be 
hgaFos4QP34-00040-00023240-00024020 a mold for injection molding or the tools to actually machine the parts. This will 
hgaFos4QP34-00041-00024020-00024060 add 
hgaFos4QP34-00042-00024090-00024810 For costs to your production and 3D printing doesn't need the creation of any additional 
hgaFos4QP34-00043-00024810-00025639 tools. It's just the use of the materials and obviously the labor involved in the 
hgaFos4QP34-00044-00025639-00025789 production of your parts. 
hgaFos4QP34-00045-00026360-00026939 Importantly additive manufacturing allows you to be responsive in terms of your 
hgaFos4QP34-00046-00026970-00027420 production. And this is particularly true for low-volume production. So yeah, when 
hgaFos4QP34-00047-00027420-00028089 you have a small batch of products additive manufacturing office much faster lead 
hgaFos4QP34-00048-00028089-00028810 times than traditional manufacturing mod methods and why why why does that happen? 
hgaFos4QP34-00049-00028860-00029310 So from the conceptual design until the manufacturing you have to go through different 
hgaFos4QP34-00050-00029310-00029330 stages? 
hgaFos4QP34-00051-00029439-00029670 At some stages there my me. 
hgaFos4QP34-00052-00029780-00030439 You might need to actually make changes in the design of your part because it actually 
hgaFos4QP34-00053-00030439-00030970 did is not performing as you wanted to or because the customer that change is Minds 
hgaFos4QP34-00054-00030970-00031530 regarding some details of your product and with additive manufacturing you get immediately 
hgaFos4QP34-00055-00031560-00032189 do those changes without extra costs as in conventional manufacturing that would 
hgaFos4QP34-00056-00032189-00032680 require changes of very very expensive tooling. 
hgaFos4QP34-00057-00033170-00033850 It also allows you to schulter the supply chains and AMS Des capacity to simplify 
hgaFos4QP34-00058-00033870-00034310 and shorten these this Supply chains. If for example if you are manufacturing Parts 
hgaFos4QP34-00059-00034310-00035200 on site, then you don't need any transportation and also you can also remove any 
hgaFos4QP34-00060-00035200-00035760 unnecessary international shipping which obviously brings the manufacturer much 
hgaFos4QP34-00061-00035760-00036120 closer to the customer and at much lower costs. 
hgaFos4QP34-00062-00036220-00036900 And because of the nature of additive manufacturing the layer-by-layer principal 
hgaFos4QP34-00063-00036930-00037770 it brings a huge freedom of design So in theory any shape can be manufactured using 
hgaFos4QP34-00064-00037770-00037890 additive Manufacturing. 
hgaFos4QP34-00065-00038390-00039010 Part consolidation for example additive manufacturing allows you to reduce the assembly 
hgaFos4QP34-00066-00039010-00039680 requirements by consolidating Parts into a single components and even complete assemblies 
hgaFos4QP34-00067-00039680-00040130 with for example moving Parts can be built with additive manufacturing and this 
hgaFos4QP34-00068-00040130-00040740 is something that's this is an operation that is normally required in conventional 
hgaFos4QP34-00069-00040740-00041130 manufacturing, which is the consolidation of Parts. You might need to fabricate 
hgaFos4QP34-00070-00041170-00041320 Parts separately and then 
hgaFos4QP34-00071-00041400-00041970 Put them or assembler assemble them together and obviously the increase in terms 
hgaFos4QP34-00072-00041970-00042620 of the complexity of your geometries doesn't add any additional costs which is which 
hgaFos4QP34-00073-00042620-00042920 doesn't happen in conventional Manufacturing. 
hgaFos4QP34-00074-00043080-00043670 and obviously finally the elimination of any tooling as we've discussed before and 
hgaFos4QP34-00075-00043670-00044250 because of all these advantages highly technological companies and areas of development 
hgaFos4QP34-00076-00044250-00044830 are using additive manufacturing and this is a very very good example of how these 
hgaFos4QP34-00077-00044830-00045560 advantages are being explored in Formula 1 where for example Formula One Motor Racing 
hgaFos4QP34-00078-00045570-00045910 Engineers use these Technologies to 
hgaFos4QP34-00079-00046050-00046750 Lee and quickly and even responsive manner change the parts in their cars in order 
hgaFos4QP34-00080-00046750-00047470 to improve the performance of that cast I will invite you to watch this video that 
hgaFos4QP34-00081-00047480-00048240 is on the Blackboard page video one that has a clear example of how this technology 
hgaFos4QP34-00082-00048240-00048650 is currently used in added in in Formula One. 
hgaFos4QP34-00083-00049050-00049580 But obviously there are also some some challenges and obviously this challenge is 
hgaFos4QP34-00084-00049580-00050240 arise because additive manufacturing is relatively new when compared to more established 
hgaFos4QP34-00085-00050240-00050710 conventional Manufacturing Systems. One of the challenges is in terms of the materials. 
hgaFos4QP34-00086-00050710-00051340 There is a clear demand for better materials and the developments have machines 
hgaFos4QP34-00087-00051340-00051950 that can process Metals, you know, either by sintering or melting as opens new opportunities 
hgaFos4QP34-00088-00051950-00052020 in terms. 
hgaFos4QP34-00089-00052100-00052710 At the use of these systems in the ultimate the industry and specially in the Aerospace 
hgaFos4QP34-00090-00052740-00053270 industry. However these industries still require. 
hgaFos4QP34-00091-00053460-00053960 Plastic materials or polymer materials with much better performance is to be used 
hgaFos4QP34-00092-00054010-00054840 in in cars in components for cars or four components in terms of Hera planes. So 
hgaFos4QP34-00093-00054870-00055500 metals are already being used but polymers or Plastics with better performance need 
hgaFos4QP34-00094-00055500-00055660 to be developed. 
hgaFos4QP34-00095-00055829-00056390 There are still also set challenge in terms of the software. Most of the software's 
hgaFos4QP34-00096-00056420-00057040 that are currently used. They would not developed for additive manufacturing. So 
hgaFos4QP34-00097-00057040-00057500 computer that design is the design for traditional manufacturing routes such as 
hgaFos4QP34-00098-00057500-00058240 you know exaction injection molding or casting ends normally incapable of dealing 
hgaFos4QP34-00099-00058240-00058690 with the freedom of design of additive manufacturing. So if you think 
hgaFos4QP34-00100-00058700-00059440 About the typical design for additive manufacturing and this figure illustrates 
hgaFos4QP34-00101-00059440-00060400 clearly the stages of development of products using additive manufacturing. You 
hgaFos4QP34-00102-00060400-00060860 normally require the use of different tools tools that can include for example, 
hgaFos4QP34-00103-00060890-00061560 topology optimization design for multi scale structures multi material design because 
hgaFos4QP34-00104-00061560-00061690 you might want to 
hgaFos4QP34-00105-00061710-00062129 operates multiple materials into your printed parts 
hgaFos4QP34-00106-00062250-00062670 You might want to customize your path. So you want to do that. But you want to do 
hgaFos4QP34-00107-00062670-00063529 that in a mass scale part consolidation and also other design methods which can 
hgaFos4QP34-00108-00063529-00064250 make use of additive manufacturing enabled features. So this integrated design approach 
hgaFos4QP34-00109-00064250-00064770 for additive manufacturing is something that is extremely important and computed 
hgaFos4QP34-00110-00064770-00065210 a design software is not tailored to actually deal with 
hgaFos4QP34-00111-00065229-00065370 Thus at the moment. 
hgaFos4QP34-00112-00065450-00066330 Also the affordability of the system's there is a huge disparity between the cost 
hgaFos4QP34-00113-00066330-00066840 for example of nylon material for injection molding, which normally costs about 
hgaFos4QP34-00114-00066840-00067450 five pounds per kilo and the same exact material for 3D printing which can cost 
hgaFos4QP34-00115-00067450-00068380 10 times more. So we need to actually be able to imagine eyes the cost of the materials 
hgaFos4QP34-00116-00068380-00068450 to reduce. 
hgaFos4QP34-00117-00068450-00069090 Is the cost of the materials for additive Manufacturing Systems and overall make 
hgaFos4QP34-00118-00069090-00069720 the systems more affordable for companies and also for individual users. 
hgaFos4QP34-00119-00070160-00070800 The speed the speed is also a challenge. For example, if you talk about the production 
hgaFos4QP34-00120-00070800-00071400 of a small batches this actually allows additive Manufacturing in general to be 
hgaFos4QP34-00121-00071410-00071740 faster in terms of the production of a small batches when compared to Conventional 
hgaFos4QP34-00122-00071740-00072490 manufacturing, but if you need to produce thousands of Parts, this is normally much 
hgaFos4QP34-00123-00072490-00073050 much slower when compared to Conventional manufacturing, so we need to be able to 
hgaFos4QP34-00124-00073050-00073120 scale up. 
hgaFos4QP34-00125-00073150-00073550 I would production with additive manufacturing by increasing the speed at which 
hgaFos4QP34-00126-00073550-00074130 we print out Parts. But also the size of that Parts is in a way a limited. So the 
hgaFos4QP34-00127-00074130-00074940 building platforms normally quite small and don't allow us to build a large-scale 
hgaFos4QP34-00128-00074940-00075530 parts, which is something that is possible with most of the conventional Manufacturing 
hgaFos4QP34-00129-00075530-00076000 Systems. So more effort needs to be put in terms of developing large-scale printers 
hgaFos4QP34-00130-00076000-00076120 that allows us to print. 
hgaFos4QP34-00131-00076130-00076790 In parts of similar sizes to the ones that are produced with more conventional manufacturing 
hgaFos4QP34-00132-00076790-00076870 like CNC. 
hgaFos4QP34-00133-00077090-00077700 It's a as we've mentioned also as yesterday because of the layer by layer process 
hgaFos4QP34-00134-00077700-00078250 many of the components can present anisotropy and this can be problematic in terms 
hgaFos4QP34-00135-00078270-00078540 of the mechanical performance of the paths. 
hgaFos4QP34-00136-00078680-00079290 Surface finish and dimensional accuracy can also be inferior when compared to Conventional 
hgaFos4QP34-00137-00079290-00079890 manufacturing and this is particularly relevant when you use powder based systems, 
hgaFos4QP34-00138-00079900-00080730 like binder jetting or powder bed fusion and that's why very often sorry very often 
hgaFos4QP34-00139-00080730-00081500 you need to do Post treatment to improve the quality of your suffice and the dimensional 
hgaFos4QP34-00140-00081500-00081570 accuracy. 
hgaFos4QP34-00141-00082130-00082840 In terms of the reliability. This is this is something that has been improved over 
hgaFos4QP34-00142-00082840-00083350 the years but again, and as we've mentioned before because additive Manufacturing 
hgaFos4QP34-00143-00083350-00084100 Technologies are still more or less in their infancy when compared to more well-established 
hgaFos4QP34-00144-00084190-00084660 conventional Manufacturing Systems. They are not as reliable. 
hgaFos4QP34-00145-00084750-00085490 And in the long term as other CNC Machining systems, for example, or injection molding 
hgaFos4QP34-00146-00085490-00086170 that can produce thousands millions of thoughts without having any problem or required 
hgaFos4QP34-00147-00086170-00086770 substantial maintenance. So this is something that has been improved but still needs 
hgaFos4QP34-00148-00086770-00087360 substantial work to actually reach the level of more well-established Technologies. 
hgaFos4QP34-00149-00087560-00088040 So this is just for you to have an idea about the advantages but also to be aware 
hgaFos4QP34-00150-00088040-00088630 that additive manufacturing is not the solution for everything you we need to be 
hgaFos4QP34-00151-00088630-00089200 very careful on deciding which manufacturing process to select depending on the 
hgaFos4QP34-00152-00089200-00089730 number of paths that we want to build depending on the course and we need to wait 
hgaFos4QP34-00153-00089730-00090240 very well the requirements for the performance of our parts as well. 
hgaFos4QP34-00154-00090440-00091210 In terms of application domains, this is quite vast and probably all started with 
hgaFos4QP34-00155-00091280-00091740 the use of additive manufacturing very rapidly create prototypes. They were not 
hgaFos4QP34-00156-00091740-00092500 functional prototypes. They were simply prototypes and then later on around 1994 
hgaFos4QP34-00157-00092600-00093220 additive manufacturing was commonly used to create wrap casting systems and it was 
hgaFos4QP34-00158-00093220-00093260 then 
hgaFos4QP34-00159-00093290-00093960 used to create tools for more conventional Manufacturing Systems, but it was in 
hgaFos4QP34-00160-00093990-00094700 the 2000s that actually the adoption of these Technologies took a big leap when 
hgaFos4QP34-00161-00094770-00095380 the automotive industry strut started to use powder bed Fusion systems to create 
hgaFos4QP34-00162-00095380-00096280 plastic parts for cars and since then with the development of machines that can 
hgaFos4QP34-00163-00096290-00097050 Fully processed metals and create 3D Parts using high-performance metals that additive 
hgaFos4QP34-00164-00097050-00097610 manufacturing actually took off and this was mainly because of the adoption of these 
hgaFos4QP34-00165-00097610-00098470 Technologies metal sintering and metal part of that Fusion by the Aerospace industry. 
hgaFos4QP34-00166-00098640-00099150 This was further supported and increase in terms of the adoption of these additive 
hgaFos4QP34-00167-00099150-00099270 manufacturing technology. 
hgaFos4QP34-00168-00099280-00099740 He's and was further supported by the use of additive Manufacturing in the healthcare 
hgaFos4QP34-00169-00099740-00100620 field. So nowadays. The healthcare Fields is probably the most important market 
hgaFos4QP34-00170-00100620-00101270 for additive Manufacturing Technologies with the need to develop customized implants 
hgaFos4QP34-00171-00101280-00101790 prosthetic devices and other systems as we will see later on today. 
hgaFos4QP34-00172-00102000-00102550 So it's we said you're a space industry plays a big balls on this currently. There 
hgaFos4QP34-00173-00102550-00103130 are already Parts being manufactured using SLS and slm like fan blades and fuel 
hgaFos4QP34-00174-00103130-00103700 nozzles, but there are also much more ambitious projects like the one proposed by 
hgaFos4QP34-00175-00103700-00104559 Airbus that already came up with a road map to create an entire airplane using additive 
hgaFos4QP34-00176-00104559-00104890 manufacturing by 2050 and they actually expect 
hgaFos4QP34-00177-00104940-00105759 that the whole manufacturing process and the running costs will also be cheaper 
hgaFos4QP34-00178-00105759-00106520 because the the weights the overall weight of the airplane will be much lower when 
hgaFos4QP34-00179-00106520-00106970 compared to the current process that we used to manufacture that planes. 
hgaFos4QP34-00180-00107370-00107870 The initial and adopted the automotive industry continues to increase the number 
hgaFos4QP34-00181-00107870-00108480 of parts in the range of parts that are manufactured using additive manufacturing. 
hgaFos4QP34-00182-00108559-00109350 The majority of the parts are produced using polymeric systems like SLS, but more 
hgaFos4QP34-00183-00109350-00110120 and more metal part of a diffusion is being used to create parts for our cars. 
hgaFos4QP34-00184-00110209-00110740 But it's not just the direct protection of thoughts that is important for additive 
hgaFos4QP34-00185-00110740-00111280 manufacturing additive manufacturing as we will see when we get to the cussing part 
hgaFos4QP34-00186-00111309-00111970 can also be extremely important to create tools for other more conventional systems 
hgaFos4QP34-00187-00111970-00112659 that are used to create for example cylinder blocks for our cars. So the the number 
hgaFos4QP34-00188-00112659-00113159 of thoughts that are directly or indirectly produced using additive manufacturing 
hgaFos4QP34-00189-00113159-00113170 technique. 
hgaFos4QP34-00190-00113170-00113809 Apologies is absolutely increasing over the years. 
hgaFos4QP34-00191-00114000-00115100 But also consumer products things like customized food plates or shoe soles regularly 
hgaFos4QP34-00192-00115100-00116000 manufactured by companies and customized also by by companies according to the requirements 
hgaFos4QP34-00193-00116020-00116800 of the climates of the clients jewelries can be 3D printed using gold or silver 
hgaFos4QP34-00194-00116800-00116959 or other metals. 
hgaFos4QP34-00195-00117080-00117740 some more adventurous projects like printing its three-dimensional dress or shoes 
hgaFos4QP34-00196-00117800-00118459 but very very common in terms of furniture and lighting and here the main advantage 
hgaFos4QP34-00197-00118459-00118920 is that the range of materials that can be used to produce all these consumer products 
hgaFos4QP34-00198-00118959-00119450 and the ability to basically create any shape that you want to 
hgaFos4QP34-00199-00119720-00120450 other less common areas or probably areas that the general public is not so we're 
hgaFos4QP34-00200-00120500-00121159 we're additive manufacturing can be employed is the food industry not just in terms 
hgaFos4QP34-00201-00121159-00122030 of decoration of cakes, but to actually produce meat this is the entry for Jax is 
hgaFos4QP34-00202-00122109-00122259 is an American researcher. 
hgaFos4QP34-00203-00122459-00123170 And it was probably one of the Pioneers in terms of this and bioengineering of food 
hgaFos4QP34-00204-00123180-00123880 and basically in very very briefly, what they do is they extract cells from animals. 
hgaFos4QP34-00205-00123880-00124430 So stem cells cells that are undifferentiated and what they do is that they combine 
hgaFos4QP34-00206-00124430-00124930 these cells with polymeric materials natural polymeric materials, and then they 
hgaFos4QP34-00207-00124930-00125359 print them with a shape of a steak or a burger and then 
hgaFos4QP34-00208-00125420-00126220 They provide these cells with chemical physical stimulus to guide that differentiation 
hgaFos4QP34-00209-00126240-00127059 into specific tissue cells like cells the original we make parts of bovine steak 
hgaFos4QP34-00210-00127090-00127580 or of a bargain and this is what they are pioneering there have been several advances. 
hgaFos4QP34-00211-00127609-00128050 And if you want to know more about this, you can easily find information about 3D 
hgaFos4QP34-00212-00128090-00128370 bioprinting have food by and 
hgaFos4QP34-00213-00128470-00128540 four jacks 
hgaFos4QP34-00214-00128750-00129320 also architecture find quite a lot of applications not just the creation for example 
hgaFos4QP34-00215-00129359-00130000 of models, but to actually 3D print entire houses using concrete and this is particularly 
hgaFos4QP34-00216-00130000-00130559 important when we think about natural disasters where there are no resources and 
hgaFos4QP34-00217-00130559-00131160 that you very quickly need to 3D print a house to actually provide shelter for people 
hgaFos4QP34-00218-00131160-00131610 that have lost their houses due to these natural disasters. I'm not going to stream 
hgaFos4QP34-00219-00131610-00131700 this video here. 
hgaFos4QP34-00220-00131740-00132360 You can look at this video. This is just an example of 3D printing of houses in 
hgaFos4QP34-00221-00132360-00132790 China, but there's quite a lot of research in Liverpool and across Europe in terms 
hgaFos4QP34-00222-00132790-00133540 of 3D printing using concrete materials. And as I said before the medical industry 
hgaFos4QP34-00223-00133540-00134240 with prosthetic devices metal prosthetic devices and ankle knee any joints cannot 
hgaFos4QP34-00224-00134240-00134650 be 3D printed and used for you to replace a Tickler or damages tickler. 
hgaFos4QP34-00225-00134730-00135440 Joints dental implants and bionic ears. This is something a bit more recent in terms 
hgaFos4QP34-00226-00135440-00135980 of development and something a bit more simple like a 3D printed gas that can be 
hgaFos4QP34-00227-00135990-00136680 more lightweight than the normal cast that we normally have when you go to the doctor 
hgaFos4QP34-00228-00136680-00136790 with a fractured bone. 
hgaFos4QP34-00229-00136980-00137760 And in a slightly more advanced application of this additive Manufacturing Technologies, 
hgaFos4QP34-00230-00137800-00138420 that is more closely related with my personal research the area of biofabrication 
hgaFos4QP34-00231-00138420-00139080 and you probably remember in the first lecture. This is basically the combination 
hgaFos4QP34-00232-00139080-00139880 of Medical Imaging with 3D printing technology where we use cells from the patient's 
hgaFos4QP34-00233-00139880-00139890 we 
hgaFos4QP34-00234-00139910-00140580 combine them with different natural and synthetic materials and then we use 3D printing 
hgaFos4QP34-00235-00140610-00141470 to control their special positioning in a way that we can build an implant that 
hgaFos4QP34-00236-00141470-00142410 will resemble not just geometrically or dimensionally the native tissue of the patients 
hgaFos4QP34-00237-00142410-00142900 that can actually perform exactly like the damage organ or tissue. 
hgaFos4QP34-00238-00142920-00143530 The place should have two patients. Once this is built its then vascularized and 
hgaFos4QP34-00239-00143560-00144310 put back into the defects of the patient. This is an example of a breast that the 
hgaFos4QP34-00240-00144310-00144920 fact both men and women. It's a very very large scale and that we are particularly 
hgaFos4QP34-00241-00144920-00145590 interested in investigating. There are other areas like bone regeneration. So instead 
hgaFos4QP34-00242-00145590-00145890 of using metallic plates if you break a bone 
hgaFos4QP34-00243-00145910-00146530 What we can do is to actually use materials that have the same composition of your 
hgaFos4QP34-00244-00146530-00147300 bone. We can print it with exact same dimensions implanted into the defect and what 
hgaFos4QP34-00245-00147300-00148160 will happen is that the cells of the Native tissue of the bone. We time will migrate 
hgaFos4QP34-00246-00148160-00148900 into this mold that we have artificially created and they will a deer into the into 
hgaFos4QP34-00247-00148900-00148910 the 
hgaFos4QP34-00248-00148910-00149510 Mold they will degrade it and replace it with Native bone and this avoids for example 
hgaFos4QP34-00249-00149510-00150040 the need for two surgeries one to put the metallic plate and another one to remove 
hgaFos4QP34-00250-00150040-00150800 it. It also allows for a much faster regeneration of the tissue. So this is another 
hgaFos4QP34-00251-00150820-00151510 very important area of additive Manufacturing in healthcare. And this is how we 
hgaFos4QP34-00252-00151510-00151880 doing that I'll just show you this brief. 
hgaFos4QP34-00253-00151910-00152410 Video how we are developing collaborations with colleagues in the Netherlands implants 
hgaFos4QP34-00254-00152450-00153120 for the cartilage. If you have a problem in the cartilage, like an osteochondral 
hgaFos4QP34-00255-00153120-00153700 defect that progresses from the surface of the cartilage to the Bone we can scan 
hgaFos4QP34-00256-00153700-00154180 that affect the well the doctor can scan that effects we can then reverse engineer 
hgaFos4QP34-00257-00154180-00154840 that's create a cad model. And once we create the cat model we can then select the 
hgaFos4QP34-00258-00154840-00154900 adequate. 
hgaFos4QP34-00259-00154910-00155590 Rails for the different regions bone and the three different layers of the cartilage. 
hgaFos4QP34-00260-00155730-00156310 These materials already have the cells of the patients Incorporated and then what 
hgaFos4QP34-00261-00156310-00156690 we can do is to print that layer by layer. 
hgaFos4QP34-00262-00156880-00157040 the bone first 
hgaFos4QP34-00263-00157170-00157660 then we have the deepest layer of the cartilage the middle layers of the cartilage 
hgaFos4QP34-00264-00157660-00158380 and The Superficial layer. Once it's built what the doctor has to do is to go back 
hgaFos4QP34-00265-00158430-00159170 to the patient and this is done in minutes creates an AMA genius defects and implant 
hgaFos4QP34-00266-00159190-00159890 these bio mold that contains the cells of the patient and this will actually help 
hgaFos4QP34-00267-00159890-00160130 regenerate not just repair but full 
hgaFos4QP34-00268-00160150-00160860 Regenerate the cartilage and establish that all re-establish the articulation of 
hgaFos4QP34-00269-00160860-00160930 the joints. 
hgaFos4QP34-00270-00161110-00161630 And in terms of the future. Well, I guess the future is actually already happening. 
hgaFos4QP34-00271-00161850-00162750 Most of the of the European space can well agency European agencies developing funded 
hgaFos4QP34-00272-00162750-00163330 projects to investigate how we can use 3D printing in space and you might wonder 
hgaFos4QP34-00273-00163330-00163910 why is this important and it is important for several reasons one because when you 
hgaFos4QP34-00274-00163910-00164080 send astronauts to the space 
hgaFos4QP34-00275-00164170-00164730 They will need to spend long periods of time in space with very limited resources. 
hgaFos4QP34-00276-00164760-00165340 If they have an injury, if they need to treat that injury then they cannot just 
hgaFos4QP34-00277-00165340-00165750 go back to the hospital. So if you can develop 3D printing systems where they can 
hgaFos4QP34-00278-00165780-00166300 actually print parts of tissues that can replace the damaged tissues that can be 
hgaFos4QP34-00279-00166300-00166900 done automatically in space. But also we can start exploring the establishments. 
hgaFos4QP34-00280-00166990-00168030 Of a society in Mars, for example so we can start understanding. How can we be sustainable? 
hgaFos4QP34-00281-00168080-00168970 How can we develop tools to create objects and tools that we can use for this establishments 
hgaFos4QP34-00282-00168990-00169740 in space? So this is just to give you an idea of the different applications where 
hgaFos4QP34-00283-00169740-00169940 we are and where we can go with. 
hgaFos4QP34-00284-00169980-00170880 At 3D printing and with this I conclude the lecture for today. If you've got any 
hgaFos4QP34-00285-00170880-00171260 questions, I am more than happy to ask them now. 
hgaFos4QP34-00286-00171730-00172230 Question. Yeah, what makes it what makes 3D printed unreliable when you're trying 
hgaFos4QP34-00287-00172230-00172390 to produce mass volume to something. 
hgaFos4QP34-00288-00172500-00173100 Sorry, can you please repeat that? Yes, so what makes 3D printing on reliable so 
hgaFos4QP34-00289-00173100-00173450 such as defects when you're trying to produce millions of Parts like you said before? 
hgaFos4QP34-00290-00173580-00174220 Well, it's basically it's not that it's unreliable. It's just when compared to C 
hgaFos4QP34-00291-00174220-00174900 and C because CNC machines have been around for many many years and have been tested 
hgaFos4QP34-00292-00174950-00175570 in the production of millions and millions of Parts. It's much more reliable when 
hgaFos4QP34-00293-00175570-00176060 compared to additive Manufacturing Systems that have only been around for a decade 
hgaFos4QP34-00294-00176060-00176520 or so. So from that point of view, I'm not saying that they are not 
hgaFos4QP34-00295-00176530-00177080 Reliable, but they have less reliability when compared to machines that have been 
hgaFos4QP34-00296-00177080-00177230 tested over and over again. 
hgaFos4QP34-00297-00177910-00177960 Sorry. 
hgaFos4QP34-00298-00178240-00178330 I think your connection. 
hgaFos4QP34-00299-00178770-00179220 Okay, I I hope that I've answered your question. Are there any other questions? 
hgaFos4QP34-00300-00179300-00179920 Oh, yeah having to ask a question, please. Yes course when you're talking about 
hgaFos4QP34-00301-00179930-00180480 3D printing costs, are there any benefits to having a 3D printed cast as opposed 
hgaFos4QP34-00302-00180480-00181080 to a normal pass? Because Normal cost that these at the moment they can still put 
hgaFos4QP34-00303-00181080-00181190 them on really quickly. 
hgaFos4QP34-00304-00181450-00182240 Yes, so it really depends on if it's just a very small simple fraction. Sometimes 
hgaFos4QP34-00305-00182240-00183010 there is no advantage in producing or printing a lightweight cast but imagine a 
hgaFos4QP34-00306-00183010-00183540 very large fracture that will take a long long time and this can take months and 
hgaFos4QP34-00307-00183540-00184180 months to fully regenerate in that case if you can have a cast. 
hgaFos4QP34-00308-00184230-00184750 That is lightweight and that doesn't need to fear with your daily life. Then it's 
hgaFos4QP34-00309-00184750-00185510 worth while to actually used a 3D printed cast for that. So as I said before it's 
hgaFos4QP34-00310-00185510-00186130 really depends and you need to be very careful when you decide on the usefulness 
hgaFos4QP34-00311-00186160-00186580 of additive manufacturing additive manufacturing is not the solution for everything 
hgaFos4QP34-00312-00186580-00187060 and in many situations is not the best option at all. It really depends on 
hgaFos4QP34-00313-00187230-00188060 Use of your partner for or if your products and obviously depends very much on the 
hgaFos4QP34-00314-00188060-00188490 number of Parts. They need to produce. So you need to wait very well the advantages 
hgaFos4QP34-00315-00188490-00188900 and limitations on using any additive manufacturing for that specific component. 
hgaFos4QP34-00316-00189080-00189840 Thank you, sir. You're welcome. I've got question is power bed Fusion the only method 
hgaFos4QP34-00317-00189840-00190880 to 3D print metal or metal at the moments. Yes hand of percent metal. Okay, because 
hgaFos4QP34-00318-00190880-00191520 for example you can use inks in binder jetting that have a high percentage of metals. 
hgaFos4QP34-00319-00191520-00192000 Okay, but it will the path that you will obtain at the end is not made a hundred 
hgaFos4QP34-00320-00192000-00192030 percent. 
hgaFos4QP34-00321-00192040-00192760 Metal so the only system that can actually print a hundred percent metal Parts is 
hgaFos4QP34-00322-00192760-00192850 part of a fusion. 
hgaFos4QP34-00323-00193050-00193700 Just thank you evening this evening, sir. When you talked about additive manufacturing 
hgaFos4QP34-00324-00193700-00194510 having inferior quality in the Finish. If you the part about polishing and finishing 
hgaFos4QP34-00325-00194510-00194620 it over with that cow. 
hh63z9msVmg-00000-00000627-00001129 Barron Trump Steps Out With His Parents, Americans See First Photos of Him in Months
hh63z9msVmg-00001-00001129-00001557 Barron Trump is the only Trump child who lives in the White House with his parents.
hh63z9msVmg-00002-00001557-00001993 As such, he is arguably one of the most criticized children in the First Family and one of the
hh63z9msVmg-00003-00001993-00002197 ones who get the most attention.
hh63z9msVmg-00004-00002197-00002621 However, more recently there has not been very much media attention on him.
hh63z9msVmg-00005-00002621-00002815 But that is about to change.
hh63z9msVmg-00006-00002815-00003022 Faith Family America reported,
hh63z9msVmg-00007-00003022-00003467 “As summer break ends and school starts back up, Barron Trump joined his parents for
hh63z9msVmg-00008-00003467-00003961 the flights back from Bedminster, New Jersey to Washington DC on Sunday afternoon.
hh63z9msVmg-00009-00003961-00004349 This is the first time he’s been photographed with his parents since the end of June.
hh63z9msVmg-00010-00004349-00004676 Trump’s youngest son is now taller than his model mother.
hh63z9msVmg-00011-00004676-00005028 The lanky 12-year-old stands an inch or two above his 5’11” mother.
hh63z9msVmg-00012-00005028-00005636 The first family traveled from President Trump’s golf club in New Jersey to Morristown on Marine
hh63z9msVmg-00013-00005636-00005736 One.
hh63z9msVmg-00014-00005736-00006076 They then boarded Air Force One for the short flight to DC.
hh63z9msVmg-00015-00006076-00006433 This photograph was a rare occurrence for the family, who haven’t been photographed
hh63z9msVmg-00016-00006433-00006604 all together recently.
hh63z9msVmg-00017-00006604-00006954 In fact, this is the first time we’ve seen Barron in months.
hh63z9msVmg-00018-00006954-00007190 Baron will be in seventh grade this fall.
hh63z9msVmg-00019-00007190-00007652 He’ll reportedly be attending St Andrew’s private school in DC.
hh63z9msVmg-00020-00007652-00007943 Both Barron and his mother sported casual outfits.
hh63z9msVmg-00021-00007943-00008342 He wore a white collared shirt tucked into khaki pants and a pair of gray New Balance
hh63z9msVmg-00022-00008342-00008442 sneakers.
hh63z9msVmg-00023-00008442-00008985 Melania was casual but stylish in white jeans, white tennis, and a green turtleneck.
hh63z9msVmg-00024-00008985-00009427 Apparently, it was unseasonably cold on the East Coast on Sunday.
hh63z9msVmg-00025-00009427-00009810 Flights are also notoriously cold, so she opted for a warm outfit.
hh63z9msVmg-00026-00009810-00010157 It’s so good to see the whole first family together!
hh63z9msVmg-00027-00010157-00010422 Best wishes to Barron as he starts 7th grade.
hh63z9msVmg-00028-00010422-00010764 In other news, prayers are needed for a family in Iowa.
hh63z9msVmg-00029-00010764-00011102 Their daughter has been missing for over a month, and they are offering a reward for
hh63z9msVmg-00030-00011102-00011258 her safe return.
hh63z9msVmg-00031-00011258-00011546 Please pray that she is returned safely to them.”
hh63z9msVmg-00032-00011546-00011703 Inside Edition reported,
hh63z9msVmg-00033-00011703-00012124 “Barron Trump, who hasn’t been seen in public in three months, looks like he has
hh63z9msVmg-00034-00012124-00012311 hit a growth spurt.
hh63z9msVmg-00035-00012311-00012738 The 12-year-old is almost as tall as his 6-foot-2 father, President Trump.
hh63z9msVmg-00036-00012738-00013106 The first family returned to the White House Sunday after their working vacation at the
hh63z9msVmg-00037-00013106-00013369 president’s country club in New Jersey.
hh63z9msVmg-00038-00013369-00013859 Barron was seen sporting a white polo shirt, khaki pants and New Balance sneakers, along
hh63z9msVmg-00039-00013859-00014026 with slicked-back hair.
hh63z9msVmg-00040-00014026-00014336 He will start school right after Labor Day in two weeks.
hh63z9msVmg-00041-00014336-00014794 On Monday, the first lady took part in an anti-cyberbullying summit in Rockville, Maryland.
hh63z9msVmg-00042-00014794-00015266 “In today’s global society, social media is an inevitable part of our children’s
hh63z9msVmg-00043-00015266-00015498 daily lives,” Melania Trump said.
hh63z9msVmg-00044-00015498-00015940 “It can be used in many positive ways but can also be destructive and harmful when used
hh63z9msVmg-00045-00015940-00016059 incorrectly.
hh63z9msVmg-00046-00016059-00016440 This is why Be Best chooses to focus on the importance of teaching our next generation
hh63z9msVmg-00047-00016440-00016918 how to conduct themselves safely and in a positive manner in an online setting.”
hh63z9msVmg-00048-00016918-00017336 Some speculated she may have been sending a not-too-subtle message to the president.
hh63z9msVmg-00049-00017336-00017634 Her communications director debunked the notion soon after.
hh63z9msVmg-00050-00017634-00017850 “She’s addressed this before.
hh63z9msVmg-00051-00017850-00018269 She is well aware of the criticism, but that will not deter her from doing what she feels
hh63z9msVmg-00052-00018269-00018369 is right.
hh63z9msVmg-00053-00018369-00018747 I would hope most people in this country are proud that they have a strong and independent
hh63z9msVmg-00054-00018747-00019206 first lady who only has the best interests of children at heart — I know I am,” the
hh63z9msVmg-00055-00019206-00019654 first lady’s communications director, Stephanie Grisham, told CNN.
hh63z9msVmg-00056-00019654-00020118 Meanwhile, The New York Times has published a story centering on Melania’s life in The
hh63z9msVmg-00057-00020118-00020237 White House.
hh63z9msVmg-00058-00020237-00020668 The article confirmed previous reports that she and the president sleep in separate bedrooms
hh63z9msVmg-00059-00020668-00020958 and stay in separate hotel suites when they travel.
hh63z9msVmg-00060-00020958-00021365 The first lady returns to New York once a month to meet with a small trusted circle
hh63z9msVmg-00061-00021365-00021794 that includes her hairdresser and her sister, Ines, who lives in a Trump building on the
hh63z9msVmg-00062-00021794-00022169 Upper East Side in New York, according to the Times.”
hh63z9msVmg-00063-00022169-00022653 Barron is the youngest of the Trump children, whose mother Melania is originally from Slovenia.
hh63z9msVmg-00064-00022653-00023268 In 2006, he was baptized in the Episcopal Church in Palm Beach, Florida with his family.
hh63z9msVmg-00065-00023268-00023715 While on the campaign trail in 2016 he made very few appearances with his mother but did
hh63z9msVmg-00066-00023715-00024175 appear in South Carolina and for his father’s Republican National Convention speech.
hh63z9msVmg-00067-00024175-00024611 However, since his father has been in office he has transferred schools from New York to
hh63z9msVmg-00068-00024611-00024761 Washington DC.
hh63z9msVmg-00069-00024761-00025153 Even despite his young age, Barron is an accomplished young man.
hh63z9msVmg-00070-00025153-00026587 Last year he was selected to join the U-12 team for the D.C. United’s Development Academy.
hjuPIorA0i8-00000-00000024-00000628 Little did I know that when I joined Kaiser Permanente that it would be on my top-10 list
hjuPIorA0i8-00001-00000628-00001029 for what has made this year great. It's terrific. It's like having it all under
hjuPIorA0i8-00002-00001029-00001444 one roof and that's been wonderful for me because I do a lot of other things.
hjuPIorA0i8-00003-00001464-00001948 I'm very involved on the board of a local nonprofit. I love to read and love to walk and love to
hjuPIorA0i8-00004-00001948-00002480 be involved in my daughter's life and with Kaiser Permanente I can take care of my health
hjuPIorA0i8-00005-00002480-00002708 and live a larger life.
hjuPIorA0i8-00006-00002716-00003010 You get the benefit of a direct relationship
hjuPIorA0i8-00007-00003014-00003779 with a primary care physician and a whole team of specialists surrounding that primary
hjuPIorA0i8-00008-00003779-00004198 care provider. Whereas before maybe my gynecologist didn't know my ophthalmologist,
hjuPIorA0i8-00009-00004208-00004574 was in a differentsystem from a podiatrist, from a colonoscopy.
hjuPIorA0i8-00010-00004590-00005138 Here it's all part of one circle and the primary
hjuPIorA0i8-00011-00005138-00005692 care physician is the sort of quarterback. If you need specialists or other kinds of
hjuPIorA0i8-00012-00005692-00006194 medical attention, they will refer you and by the way, I can make appointments online,
hjuPIorA0i8-00013-00006194-00006550 any hour of the day or night, I can interact with my physician.
hjuPIorA0i8-00014-00006550-00006985 I can ask a question and get an answer by email, maybe don't even have to go in.
hjuPIorA0i8-00015-00006985-00007475 And everyone throughout the Kaiser system will have your record and know what you need and
hjuPIorA0i8-00016-00007475-00008020 I thought, "Oh, you've got it all". I mean, it's… it's quality of care, it’s compassion
hjuPIorA0i8-00017-00008020-00008448 of care, it’s convenience of care,  and it's cost of care. It's terrific.
hmC1-v8OIQU-00000-00000000-00000300 Hey guys ☺️
hmC1-v8OIQU-00001-00000300-00000610 Technology has evolved
hmC1-v8OIQU-00002-00000610-00001006 Now we can take videos while face tuning 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00003-00001223-00001603 So cool! so.. I just woke up
hmC1-v8OIQU-00004-00001656-00002183 and my face is not all right
hmC1-v8OIQU-00005-00002203-00002979 Sorry for looking unreal with the filter on
hmC1-v8OIQU-00006-00003183-00003303 Yesterday
hmC1-v8OIQU-00007-00003390-00003936 I drank a little... it's been a long time
hmC1-v8OIQU-00008-00003936-00004429 I had not drank in a while
hmC1-v8OIQU-00009-00004523-00004756 I have restrained a lot
hmC1-v8OIQU-00010-00004770-00005053 Anyways I am not all in place right now 😂
hmC1-v8OIQU-00011-00005103-00005520 I need to get sober before I go to work
hmC1-v8OIQU-00012-00005520-00005716 and need some food for a hangover
hmC1-v8OIQU-00013-00005716-00005983 So I ordered Malatang
hmC1-v8OIQU-00014-00005983-00006253 The delivery has just started!!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00015-00006759-00006986 I'll go set up my table 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00016-00007000-00007400 and get ready for my Malatang
hmC1-v8OIQU-00017-00007400-00007656 See ya '◡'✿
hmC1-v8OIQU-00018-00007850-00008286 Malatang has just arrived! I'll go ahead and start eating
hmC1-v8OIQU-00019-00008530-00008973 I'll give you an advice on ordering Malatang
hmC1-v8OIQU-00020-00008973-00009190 My advice is
hmC1-v8OIQU-00021-00009443-00009670 to order the fastest delivery
hmC1-v8OIQU-00022-00009730-00010010 I don't have a go-to restaurant
hmC1-v8OIQU-00023-00010010-00010683 Just order from a place where looks idle
hmC1-v8OIQU-00024-00010783-00011096 If the delivery fee is too low
hmC1-v8OIQU-00025-00011140-00011366 or it has top reviews
hmC1-v8OIQU-00026-00011366-00011810 It tends to get crowed with people
hmC1-v8OIQU-00027-00011870-00012820 So I order from a place where has a few reviews but high grades on purpose
hmC1-v8OIQU-00028-00012880-00013240 This one was the fastest with the express delivery
hmC1-v8OIQU-00029-00013623-00013863 This is it (｡˃ ᵕ ˂ )b
hmC1-v8OIQU-00030-00014213-00014393 The smell is
hmC1-v8OIQU-00031-00014533-00014619 legit
hmC1-v8OIQU-00032-00014713-00015133 I tried mimicing mukband (eating shows)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00033-00015133-00015406 The ice melted and
hmC1-v8OIQU-00034-00015406-00015616 froze again
hmC1-v8OIQU-00035-00015636-00016106 If you see right here, the ice is only at the top, not on the bottom
hmC1-v8OIQU-00036-00016119-00016760 A tip of an iceberg looking ice
hmC1-v8OIQU-00037-00016763-00016853 and
hmC1-v8OIQU-00038-00016976-00017200 Guilty-less zero soda
hmC1-v8OIQU-00039-00017576-00017770 Sound effects? no
hmC1-v8OIQU-00040-00017770-00018050 ASMR? not available here
hmC1-v8OIQU-00041-00018050-00018223 I'll just pour and drink
hmC1-v8OIQU-00042-00018223-00018470 It's very tricky to pour
hmC1-v8OIQU-00043-00018530-00018740 It'll get spilled all over the place
hmC1-v8OIQU-00044-00018950-00019260 How am I going to drink this anyways?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00045-00019593-00019706 the ice...
hmC1-v8OIQU-00046-00019903-00020096 Was there a reason to bring the ice?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00047-00020096-00020170 if it's like this
hmC1-v8OIQU-00048-00020650-00020790 heheheh
hmC1-v8OIQU-00049-00020790-00020990 Almost dipping the soda on the ice
hmC1-v8OIQU-00050-00021280-00021576 It's not on purpose. The ice are all like this at home
hmC1-v8OIQU-00051-00021983-00022283 Um.... How am I gonna drink this?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00052-00022433-00022603 It'll melt sometime
hmC1-v8OIQU-00053-00022630-00022853 Ahhh look so delicious!!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00054-00023163-00023463 I ordered #2 spicy level
hmC1-v8OIQU-00055-00023463-00023716 added lamb for the meat
hmC1-v8OIQU-00056-00023716-00023986 I didn't eat lamp but..
hmC1-v8OIQU-00057-00023986-00024403 I got to enjoy the taste of lamb because of my girlfriend
hmC1-v8OIQU-00058-00024616-00025093 I added lamb for the first time
hmC1-v8OIQU-00059-00025093-00025453 I'm supposed to show how it looks, right?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00060-00025720-00026010 You'll know how malatang looks
hmC1-v8OIQU-00061-00026076-00026524 What is the first thing you eat from malatang?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00062-00026524-00026724 (waiting for your answer🤓)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00063-00026728-00027536 I usually add potatoes and lotus roots
hmC1-v8OIQU-00064-00027676-00028030 and eat those at first
hmC1-v8OIQU-00065-00028030-00028360 because they are my favorites!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00066-00028533-00029063 I separated enoki mushroom! soup first
hmC1-v8OIQU-00067-00029683-00030016 soooo good!!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00068-00030376-00030683 Eating malatang
hmC1-v8OIQU-00069-00030730-00031100 seems like I'm eating my soul food
hmC1-v8OIQU-00070-00031100-00031466 It's almost like eating kimchi jjigae
hmC1-v8OIQU-00071-00031483-00031910 The soul reminds me of food that my mom made
hmC1-v8OIQU-00072-00031943-00032160 That level of soul
hmC1-v8OIQU-00073-00033266-00033406 yummy yummy
hmC1-v8OIQU-00074-00033573-00033723 lamb meat..
hmC1-v8OIQU-00075-00033756-00033936 tastes nothing different
hmC1-v8OIQU-00076-00034020-00034226 just tastes like beef
hmC1-v8OIQU-00077-00034553-00034746 lamb meat in here
hmC1-v8OIQU-00078-00034746-00035206 isn't very strong I guess?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00079-00035846-00036183 Did I forget to add tofu skin?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00080-00036416-00036843 If not, that is a problem
hmC1-v8OIQU-00081-00037330-00037406 yum
hmC1-v8OIQU-00082-00037813-00037883 🥹
hmC1-v8OIQU-00083-00039210-00039510 (getting armed up for some food fight😤⚔️ )
hmC1-v8OIQU-00084-00039786-00040016 (ง •̀_•́)ง )
hmC1-v8OIQU-00085-00040366-00040710 I don't prefer bokchoy 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00086-00040710-00040916 There's tofu skin!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00087-00040916-00041146 The reason why I don't like bokchoy is
hmC1-v8OIQU-00088-00041146-00041910 There are many times bokchoy isn't cooked all the way
hmC1-v8OIQU-00089-00042016-00042233 Too crisp
hmC1-v8OIQU-00090-00042563-00042720 I don't like that texture
hmC1-v8OIQU-00091-00042953-00043296 I order cabbages and mung-bean sprouts instead
hmC1-v8OIQU-00092-00043636-00044033 I think I put most of vegetables except for bokchoy
hmC1-v8OIQU-00093-00044033-00044270 never really added that because I wanted to
hmC1-v8OIQU-00094-00044370-00044580 But here it was the preset
hmC1-v8OIQU-00095-00044693-00044973 and it's cooked all the way
hmC1-v8OIQU-00096-00044973-00045340 almost like the texture of cabbages
hmC1-v8OIQU-00097-00045486-00045696 Do I like bokchoy?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00098-00045816-00045960 tofu skin ♡
hmC1-v8OIQU-00099-00046383-00046470 This restaurant is good
hmC1-v8OIQU-00100-00046470-00046880 This place is fine~ I think it was a franchise restaurant
hmC1-v8OIQU-00101-00047176-00047326 delicious
hmC1-v8OIQU-00102-00048130-00048733 I prefer going to a family-owned restaurants instead of franchises
hmC1-v8OIQU-00103-00048823-00049003 don't know why
hmC1-v8OIQU-00104-00049150-00049390 before I moved to this area
hmC1-v8OIQU-00105-00049410-00049666 There were many local malatang restaurants
hmC1-v8OIQU-00106-00049716-00050123 So I used to go there
hmC1-v8OIQU-00107-00050263-00050630 I added glass noodles. Why is there so a few of them?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00108-00050800-00051190 Anyways here we have many franchises
hmC1-v8OIQU-00109-00051363-00051650 I order out from there
hmC1-v8OIQU-00110-00052036-00052303 But it's good
hmC1-v8OIQU-00111-00052303-00052623 The reason why I went to local malatang restaurants is because
hmC1-v8OIQU-00112-00052623-00053102 one time the malatang I ordered from a franchise restaurant was so bad
hmC1-v8OIQU-00113-00053150-00053496 So I built distrust in them
hmC1-v8OIQU-00114-00053496-00053686 I began to avoid going them
hmC1-v8OIQU-00115-00053686-00053773 But
hmC1-v8OIQU-00116-00053923-00054173 It was just that restaurant that bad
hmC1-v8OIQU-00117-00054173-00054493 I shouldn't think every franchise is the same
hmC1-v8OIQU-00118-00054506-00054676 How can I hold this?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00119-00055493-00055793 (Face tune is dancing)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00120-00056410-00057005 I got to enjoy glass noodle because of my girlfriend as well. I didn't like it much before
hmC1-v8OIQU-00121-00057093-00057685 I don't like that chewy rice cake-like texture of it
hmC1-v8OIQU-00122-00057778-00058096 My girlfriend always adds glass noodle 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00123-00058206-00058470 So I tried it once and it was so good
hmC1-v8OIQU-00124-00058470-00058779 I began to like it after that
hmC1-v8OIQU-00125-00058843-00059083 I want to eat tteokboki with glass noodle
hmC1-v8OIQU-00126-00059083-00059606 Yeoptteok? Don't they have it? 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00127-00061820-00062120 (feel the rhythm of glass noodle)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00128-00062986-00063396 Oh! I knew the reason why I hate it
hmC1-v8OIQU-00129-00063396-00063656 It's still there after chewing them
hmC1-v8OIQU-00130-00063656-00064029 It's supposed to break down as I chew
hmC1-v8OIQU-00131-00064056-00064616 and become swallowable form but it's still there
hmC1-v8OIQU-00132-00064616-00064916 My teeth are moving and that's it
hmC1-v8OIQU-00133-00064953-00065256 So I have to swallow them at some point
hmC1-v8OIQU-00134-00065256-00065653 I can't swallow big chunks well
hmC1-v8OIQU-00135-00065713-00065996 That's why I hated glass noodle
hmC1-v8OIQU-00136-00065996-00066223 But it's good hehe
hmC1-v8OIQU-00137-00067720-00068473 I'd like to talk about what came up in the conversation yesterday
hmC1-v8OIQU-00138-00068623-00068690 With my girlfriend
hmC1-v8OIQU-00139-00068690-00069043 It has been a long time since we had barbecue night
hmC1-v8OIQU-00140-00069116-00069370 As we decided to cut down on expanses of eating out,
hmC1-v8OIQU-00141-00069463-00069893 we didn't really dine out lately
hmC1-v8OIQU-00142-00069996-00070243 There were some time we did inevitably though
hmC1-v8OIQU-00143-00070333-00070643 Yesterday was the day we set out for dining out
hmC1-v8OIQU-00144-00070806-00070890 But
hmC1-v8OIQU-00145-00071100-00071599 these days I didn't really want to go out for a drink
hmC1-v8OIQU-00146-00071673-00071960 Last time we drank, I happened to bahave in a manner which leads to a small fight
hmC1-v8OIQU-00147-00071960-00072729 I told her that I'll quit drinking as an apology
hmC1-v8OIQU-00148-00072815-00073453 So I drank for the first time since then
hmC1-v8OIQU-00149-00073790-00074030 When we drink
hmC1-v8OIQU-00150-00074030-00074246 we tend to not filter our words 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00151-00074346-00074843 and talk to each other too bluntly 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00152-00074900-00075981 I don't like the way it causes a bigger argument
hmC1-v8OIQU-00153-00076046-00076216 When we were drinking yesterday,
hmC1-v8OIQU-00154-00076216-00076608 it seemed like we tease each other more
hmC1-v8OIQU-00155-00076608-00077108 We were just making jokes
hmC1-v8OIQU-00156-00077123-00077390 My girlfriend likes to make jokes a lot
hmC1-v8OIQU-00157-00077433-00077793 It is fun and enjoyable
hmC1-v8OIQU-00158-00077873-00078146 But I'm a type of person who takes everything seriously
hmC1-v8OIQU-00159-00078206-00078770 There were some time I can't take as it is
hmC1-v8OIQU-00160-00079356-00079440 When drinking,
hmC1-v8OIQU-00161-00079440-00079590 People get emotional
hmC1-v8OIQU-00162-00079590-00079940 I would get hurt easily even with jokes
hmC1-v8OIQU-00163-00079990-00080367 It's a bit ambiguous
hmC1-v8OIQU-00164-00080374-00080984 whether she needs to say sorry for what she doesn't think she should
hmC1-v8OIQU-00165-00081073-00081540 So we do have some parts that don't work well
hmC1-v8OIQU-00166-00081560-00082006 but they are so minimal 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00167-00082080-00082350 Whereas we are very much compatible
hmC1-v8OIQU-00168-00082466-00082983 and share the love for each other which makes us move forward
hmC1-v8OIQU-00169-00082983-00083203 Yesterday I felt like
hmC1-v8OIQU-00170-00083203-00083473 we are going to argue again
hmC1-v8OIQU-00171-00083526-00083800 and feeling anxious
hmC1-v8OIQU-00172-00083800-00084246 Now I became cautious for sure when I drink and talk
hmC1-v8OIQU-00173-00084246-00084450 I believe that it is necessary to be careful
hmC1-v8OIQU-00174-00084480-00084686 When people date,
hmC1-v8OIQU-00175-00084686-00085623 They should think ahead whether she/he would feel bad about their words
hmC1-v8OIQU-00176-00085663-00086030 But they don't know that until it's a big deal
hmC1-v8OIQU-00177-00086030-00086243 They would take it for granted
hmC1-v8OIQU-00178-00086243-00086460 'she knows me well,'
hmC1-v8OIQU-00179-00086460-00086946 'she knows how much I love her'
hmC1-v8OIQU-00180-00087023-00087343 That thoughts mess things up
hmC1-v8OIQU-00181-00087360-00087646 Recently, I have realized a lot 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00182-00087646-00088153 and my girlfriend and I try to express a lot
hmC1-v8OIQU-00183-00088206-00088532 'you know my true feelings'
hmC1-v8OIQU-00184-00088535-00088800 My girlfriend used to say that a lot
hmC1-v8OIQU-00185-00088980-00089403 But now I asked her to reply with 'I love you, too' when I say 'I love you'
hmC1-v8OIQU-00186-00089446-00089786 instead of 'me too'
hmC1-v8OIQU-00187-00089786-00090335 We are sharing such thoughts and and changing lately
hmC1-v8OIQU-00188-00090358-00090843 I feel like our relationship is now better
hmC1-v8OIQU-00189-00090843-00091366 I feel like I like her much more lately
hmC1-v8OIQU-00190-00091440-00091513 hehe ( ღ'ᴗ'ღ )
hmC1-v8OIQU-00191-00093661-00094010 This is tofu skin right?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00192-00094010-00094413 This type of tofu skins is sticking together
hmC1-v8OIQU-00193-00094573-00094806 Do you guys split them?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00194-00094806-00094926 or eating all together?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00195-00095093-00095316 I like eating one by one
hmC1-v8OIQU-00196-00095923-00096416 My girlfriend didn't like these
hmC1-v8OIQU-00197-00096416-00096520 wait didn't she?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00198-00096726-00096973 This came up in yesterday's conversation as well
hmC1-v8OIQU-00199-00096973-00097400 I like garlic, onions, and  other veggies
hmC1-v8OIQU-00200-00097400-00097764 but she does not eat those
hmC1-v8OIQU-00201-00097766-00098084 I was aware of her not eating raw garlic
hmC1-v8OIQU-00202-00098084-00098383 since she likes olive oil spaghetti (aglio e olio spaghetti)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00203-00098383-00098646 her favorite pasta is agile e olio
hmC1-v8OIQU-00204-00098710-00099170 and the main ingredient is garlic
hmC1-v8OIQU-00205-00099210-00099530 so I thought she eats cooked garlic
hmC1-v8OIQU-00206-00099656-00100306 I asked her if she wants me to cook the raw garlic
hmC1-v8OIQU-00207-00100336-00100690 but she said 'after dating for such a long time
hmC1-v8OIQU-00208-00100690-00101180 you don't know that I don't eat garlic'
hmC1-v8OIQU-00209-00101266-00101476 I was at a loss 😂
hmC1-v8OIQU-00210-00101576-00102479 That day I needed her phone number for something
hmC1-v8OIQU-00211-00102479-00102916 I could look it up but we were in the middle of texting 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00212-00102970-00103303 so I just asked her what it is
hmC1-v8OIQU-00213-00103303-00103740 and she went like 'you don't even know my phone number?!'
hmC1-v8OIQU-00214-00103740-00103880 and I was like
hmC1-v8OIQU-00215-00103880-00104156 Who in these days know their partner's numbers??
hmC1-v8OIQU-00216-00104286-00104450 and that was her
hmC1-v8OIQU-00217-00104456-00104853 Is remembering their partner's numbers common?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00218-00104909-00105026 Please let me know guys 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00219-00105026-00105383 I don't think so
hmC1-v8OIQU-00220-00106500-00106983 Do you see the ice gone down?!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00221-00107300-00107590 My girlfriend likes me with my bang
hmC1-v8OIQU-00222-00107590-00107856 I have never had my bang down for such a long time
hmC1-v8OIQU-00223-00107856-00108100 have never been able to keep it
hmC1-v8OIQU-00224-00108163-00108420 I am a bang person now
hmC1-v8OIQU-00225-00108586-00108796 If I was alone
hmC1-v8OIQU-00226-00108796-00109305 I would be too lazy to maintain it
hmC1-v8OIQU-00227-00109340-00110378 Hope it looks okay on me 😋
hmC1-v8OIQU-00228-00110390-00110730 She makes fun of my forehead 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00229-00110733-00110883 She says I have a big forehead
hmC1-v8OIQU-00230-00110883-00111280 She always says I should cover them
hmC1-v8OIQU-00231-00111306-00111676 She really likes to make fun of me.
hmC1-v8OIQU-00232-00111850-00112046 I don't get pissed off that easily.
hmC1-v8OIQU-00233-00112046-00112466 Who doesn't get pissed off when they are teased for big foreheads 😂😂
hmC1-v8OIQU-00234-00112646-00112743 Lol
hmC1-v8OIQU-00235-00112813-00113093 What is your favorite soda?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00236-00113156-00114144 I love Coca Cola and Fanta orange among soda
hmC1-v8OIQU-00237-00114173-00114390 I didn't really enjoy drinking soda 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00238-00114443-00114816 I prefer sparkling water instead
hmC1-v8OIQU-00239-00114883-00115236 But when I feel like drinking soda at restaurants
hmC1-v8OIQU-00240-00115236-00115940 I always order Coca Cola or Fanta orange 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00241-00115940-00116673 I thought I could be a mukbang YouTuber (eating show YouTuber)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00242-00116673-00116859 I really love eating
hmC1-v8OIQU-00243-00117209-00117446 and I really eat well too
hmC1-v8OIQU-00244-00117446-00117676 I always say 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00245-00117850-00118616 I have never seem a person who eats more than I in person
hmC1-v8OIQU-00246-00118676-00119016 It is kind of hilarious but
hmC1-v8OIQU-00247-00119016-00119276 I can eat a full bowl of rice
hmC1-v8OIQU-00248-00119450-00119686 and many slices of pizza
hmC1-v8OIQU-00249-00119686-00120150 I can really eat a lot
hmC1-v8OIQU-00250-00120150-00120436 but it takes forever to eat
hmC1-v8OIQU-00251-00120436-00120706 I look fed up with my meal
hmC1-v8OIQU-00252-00120706-00120980 But I finish all after a long time!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00253-00120980-00121303 Can I be a mukbang YouTuber ?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00254-00121653-00121953 (maybe learn how to drink soda first)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00255-00122196-00122323 Isn't it so cold lately?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00256-00122323-00122935 I was fine just with thin long-sleeved clothes like this one
hmC1-v8OIQU-00257-00122976-00123712 Now they are too cold for this weather
hmC1-v8OIQU-00258-00123913-00124243 I have to wear layers of clothes at home too
hmC1-v8OIQU-00259-00124266-00124593 My girlfriend and I need to buy new pajamas
hmC1-v8OIQU-00260-00124593-00124876 There is one we really want to buy
hmC1-v8OIQU-00261-00124926-00125176 The pajamas that our favorite artist collaborated with
hmC1-v8OIQU-00262-00125176-00125686 We can't wait to get them
hmC1-v8OIQU-00263-00125686-00125956 The notice came out a while ago 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00264-00126009-00126233 but there's still no release date 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00265-00126320-00126563 it got so cold suddenly
hmC1-v8OIQU-00266-00126673-00127046 we almost shiver when sleeping
hmC1-v8OIQU-00267-00127259-00127643 Everything has changed but the pajamas
hmC1-v8OIQU-00268-00128593-00128974 There is a channel that I really like these days
hmC1-v8OIQU-00269-00129200-00129467 It's called Unnies without Appetite
hmC1-v8OIQU-00270-00129467-00130183 The latest one was the party for people with small appetites
hmC1-v8OIQU-00271-00130526-00130809 I couldn't believe it
hmC1-v8OIQU-00272-00130809-00131220 They are people from another world
hmC1-v8OIQU-00273-00131266-00131570 like Gulliver's Travels
hmC1-v8OIQU-00274-00131700-00132377 They eat so little that I wonder how they can live
hmC1-v8OIQU-00275-00132380-00132836 Are they nurtured enough? If so, then what am I?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00276-00132920-00133260 Am I okay eating like this?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00277-00133263-00134173 If they are healthy, is it eating habits unhealthy?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00278-00134433-00134713 It was greedy of me adding extra glass noodle
hmC1-v8OIQU-00279-00134890-00135183 Why did I do that?
hmC1-v8OIQU-00280-00135353-00135653 (I can do it. I am a YouTuber)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00281-00137086-00137323 (Cow nibbling show)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00282-00138376-00138596 I think I am almost finished
hmC1-v8OIQU-00283-00138696-00138913 I ate them all
hmC1-v8OIQU-00284-00138926-00139096 Too much glass noodle
hmC1-v8OIQU-00285-00139226-00139470 😖
hmC1-v8OIQU-00286-00139603-00139870 I am a veggie lover when it comes to malatang
hmC1-v8OIQU-00287-00140253-00140573 I think I added too much of glass noodle because I was hungry
hmC1-v8OIQU-00288-00140803-00141166 This thin glass noodle was preset
hmC1-v8OIQU-00289-00141166-00141466 (not even attempt to eat)
hmC1-v8OIQU-00290-00141663-00141816 You know what..
hmC1-v8OIQU-00291-00141930-00142183 I am not full though!!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00292-00142396-00142656 It's just too much glass noodle...
hmC1-v8OIQU-00293-00143576-00144106 They got soggy. They are bigger now
hmC1-v8OIQU-00294-00144813-00145206 Tomorrow
hmC1-v8OIQU-00295-00145563-00145933 We plan to go to Hi di lao hot pot
hmC1-v8OIQU-00296-00145933-00146330 I have tried their meal kit multiple times
hmC1-v8OIQU-00297-00146330-00146733 It's my first time trying out at the restaurant
hmC1-v8OIQU-00298-00146733-00147097 You know when you go there, you use your chopsticks for meat slices
hmC1-v8OIQU-00299-00147116-00147273 Swing it 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00300-00147273-00147383 Dip it
hmC1-v8OIQU-00301-00147406-00147476 Pull it out
hmC1-v8OIQU-00302-00147533-00147786 I'll try that
hmC1-v8OIQU-00303-00148330-00148630 It's been a while since we go on a real "date" 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00304-00148786-00149026 In the beginning of our relationship,
hmC1-v8OIQU-00305-00149170-00149460 We went on dates a lot
hmC1-v8OIQU-00306-00149596-00149763 We tried 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00307-00149790-00150086 Now we are physically too tired 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00308-00150423-00150696 We go to parents' house or take time for ourselves during spare time
hmC1-v8OIQU-00309-00150706-00151483 So we didn't really spend the day dating outside 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00310-00151610-00152156 Tomorrow we are going to go to Hyehwa
hmC1-v8OIQU-00311-00152816-00152960 We are going to take 4-cut photos at the photo booth studio
hmC1-v8OIQU-00312-00153153-00153613 We only took it once until now
hmC1-v8OIQU-00313-00153756-00153850 I think so
hmC1-v8OIQU-00314-00153850-00154163 Hope so..? 😅
hmC1-v8OIQU-00315-00154590-00154856 Hmmm yummm
hmC1-v8OIQU-00316-00155236-00155356 Done~
hmC1-v8OIQU-00317-00156153-00156463 Wait a sec
hmC1-v8OIQU-00318-00156463-00156826 Ta-da~ a fat Milkiss soda can!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00319-00157713-00157983 Today is a soda day 😝
hmC1-v8OIQU-00320-00158223-00158410 ahhh so annoying
hmC1-v8OIQU-00321-00158410-00158653 I forgot to press record!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00322-00158800-00159146 I talked a lot as I was drinking Milkiss
hmC1-v8OIQU-00323-00159146-00159273 Too bad
hmC1-v8OIQU-00324-00159420-00159593 😢
hmC1-v8OIQU-00325-00159653-00159806 I talked about the plans for the end-of-the-year
hmC1-v8OIQU-00326-00159806-00160073 If you guys have any
hmC1-v8OIQU-00327-00160163-00160643 We are starting to get ready for winter
hmC1-v8OIQU-00328-00160830-00161263 Today we received the blanket that I ordered 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00329-00161326-00161823 I chose a nice and thick blanket 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00330-00161890-00162240 to use in the car
hmC1-v8OIQU-00331-00162473-00162746 You know the fuel efficiency is very bad in winter
hmC1-v8OIQU-00332-00162763-00163401 So we can turn on the heater for a little bit and turn it off
hmC1-v8OIQU-00333-00163483-00163840 Put on the blanket for keep the temperature 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00334-00163910-00164323 So that's the first prep
hmC1-v8OIQU-00335-00164383-00164796 I want to start getting ready for Christmas 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00336-00164896-00165357 I don't think we'll get a big tree or anything
hmC1-v8OIQU-00337-00165520-00165843 maybe a small snowman..
hmC1-v8OIQU-00338-00165946-00166633 or a small tree for room decor 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00339-00166706-00166913 I want to create Christmas atmosphere
hmC1-v8OIQU-00340-00166970-00167270 but we need to keep our things as little as possible
hmC1-v8OIQU-00341-00167426-00167773 We could move again
hmC1-v8OIQU-00342-00167773-00167983 so have to keep everything at a minimum
hmC1-v8OIQU-00343-00168016-00168133 That's our goal
hmC1-v8OIQU-00344-00168133-00168326 But this duck body pillow 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00345-00168326-00168493 😂
hmC1-v8OIQU-00346-00168573-00168893 It's nice to have them 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00347-00168933-00169186 but pain in the butt when moving
hmC1-v8OIQU-00348-00169186-00169570 Can't throw it away but takes too much space
hmC1-v8OIQU-00349-00169743-00169993 Our option is
hmC1-v8OIQU-00350-00169993-00170393 dropping it off at mommy's house
hmC1-v8OIQU-00351-00170393-00170653 And on Christmas
hmC1-v8OIQU-00352-00170653-00170933 We will probably
hmC1-v8OIQU-00353-00170933-00171110 order a Christmas cake
hmC1-v8OIQU-00354-00171110-00171333 and enjoy it together
hmC1-v8OIQU-00355-00171410-00172140 I've been scrolling through to custom order a cake
hmC1-v8OIQU-00356-00172140-00172333 not custom order
hmC1-v8OIQU-00357-00172333-00172583 to pre-order
hmC1-v8OIQU-00358-00172683-00173003 There are many cute cakes and yummy-looking ones
hmC1-v8OIQU-00359-00173083-00173350 But I love strawberry cakes
hmC1-v8OIQU-00360-00173400-00173780 So I am going to order one with loads of strawberries
hmC1-v8OIQU-00361-00173846-00174180 There is one I already found
hmC1-v8OIQU-00362-00174183-00174570 When it's open for the booking
hmC1-v8OIQU-00363-00174600-00174923 I am going to reserve right away
hmC1-v8OIQU-00364-00174923-00175110 I am very excited for it
hmC1-v8OIQU-00365-00175110-00175386 And this Christmas
hmC1-v8OIQU-00366-00175566-00175943 It's our first Christmas together
hmC1-v8OIQU-00367-00175943-00176280 and personally after moving out of my parent's house
hmC1-v8OIQU-00368-00176400-00176713 it's my first Christmas with a loved one
hmC1-v8OIQU-00369-00176713-00176826 in my whole life
hmC1-v8OIQU-00370-00176893-00177076 I don't know what happened
hmC1-v8OIQU-00371-00177076-00177413 The first ever Christmas with my partner
hmC1-v8OIQU-00372-00177603-00178016 I am so very thrilled ♡
hmC1-v8OIQU-00373-00178016-00178406 I want to make it special
hmC1-v8OIQU-00374-00178493-00178770 and I can't wait
hmC1-v8OIQU-00375-00178770-00179196 Rather than going out to do something
hmC1-v8OIQU-00376-00179196-00179520 I want to turn on some carols 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00377-00179603-00180113 and eat the cake and some gourmet food
hmC1-v8OIQU-00378-00180156-00180743 Also what I am very expected is 
hmC1-v8OIQU-00379-00180773-00181113 that I prepared a surprise gift for my girlfriend
hmC1-v8OIQU-00380-00181223-00181443 She gave me so many gifts
hmC1-v8OIQU-00381-00181663-00182167 We don't really celebrate anniversaries like other Koreans do
hmC1-v8OIQU-00382-00182363-00182750 But she does so much for me on regular days
hmC1-v8OIQU-00383-00182826-00183220 For this amazing girl
hmC1-v8OIQU-00384-00183220-00183570 I prepared a small little thing this time
hmC1-v8OIQU-00385-00183570-00183810 It's here already
hmC1-v8OIQU-00386-00183970-00184306 resting quietly over there
hmC1-v8OIQU-00387-00184343-00184960 On the day of Christmas, I will give her the present
hmC1-v8OIQU-00388-00184963-00185190 hehehe🤭 hope she likes it
hmC1-v8OIQU-00389-00185190-00185423 The journey to get this was rough
hmC1-v8OIQU-00390-00185743-00186166 I came back under the blanket because it was too cold
hmC1-v8OIQU-00391-00186236-00186506 I'm going to wrap it up here today
hmC1-v8OIQU-00392-00186646-00187223 Hope to see you in my next talk video
hmC1-v8OIQU-00393-00187350-00187640 Thank you for watching this
hmC1-v8OIQU-00394-00187766-00187923 Bye bye!
hmC1-v8OIQU-00395-00187983-00188036 Bye~~♥︎
hn1iBPvagKo-00000-00002200-00002984 what's that it's a supermarket i like supermarkets
hn1iBPvagKo-00001-00004632-00004728 i'm sorry
hn1iBPvagKo-00002-00005248-00007184 tomatoes they're tomatoes like tomatoes
hn1iBPvagKo-00003-00007495-00008808 they're potatoes i like potatoes thank you go go what's this it's a carrot
hn1iBPvagKo-00004-00009560-00011384 i like carrots what's that it's an onion i don't like onions beans
hn1iBPvagKo-00005-00011624-00012784 onions
hn1iBPvagKo-00006-00012991-00014184 onions
hn1iBPvagKo-00007-00014632-00015584 i don't like onions
hn1iBPvagKo-00008-00016912-00017656 tomatoes potatoes carrots beans
hn1iBPvagKo-00009-00017888-00018496 biscuits biscuits i like biscuits
hn1iBPvagKo-00010-00019200-00019784 carrots
hn1iBPvagKo-00011-00020064-00020192 i like carrots
hn1iBPvagKo-00012-00020408-00022176 tomatoes thank you i like tomatoes what are they pod pot a toast
hn1iBPvagKo-00013-00022304-00022864 potatoes very good they're potatoes
hn1iBPvagKo-00014-00023832-00024040 i like potatoes
hn1iBPvagKo-00015-00024312-00025384 beans they're beans i like beans
hn1iBPvagKo-00016-00025600-00025912 onions i don't like
hn1iBPvagKo-00017-00025912-00026783 onions
hn1iBPvagKo-00018-00027616-00028183 i don't like onions
hn1iBPvagKo-00019-00028432-00029232 what do you like i like carrots what do you like i like carrots
hn1iBPvagKo-00020-00029232-00030983 i like tomatoes i like potatoes i like beans
hn1iBPvagKo-00021-00032336-00033784 what's that it's a cow moo moo
hn1iBPvagKo-00022-00034344-00034760 do you like birds goku yes i do
hn1iBPvagKo-00023-00035016-00035184 you
hn1iBPvagKo-00024-00036504-00036904 these are sausages gogo do you like sausages
hn1iBPvagKo-00025-00037312-00038464 yes i do i like sausages what are these those are donuts do you like donuts
hn1iBPvagKo-00026-00038944-00039928 yes i do do you like donuts yes i do i like sausages and donuts
hn1iBPvagKo-00027-00040168-00040784 what are those go go i don't know those are sandwiches
hn1iBPvagKo-00028-00041320-00041576 no thank you oh
hn1iBPvagKo-00029-00041848-00042112 ants go go those are ants
hn1iBPvagKo-00030-00043368-00043584 i don't like it
hn1iBPvagKo-00031-00044880-00044984 look
hn1iBPvagKo-00032-00045544-00046384 shoes
hn1iBPvagKo-00033-00047528-00047784 hot dogs
hn1iBPvagKo-00034-00048000-00048208 do you like hot dogs go go
hn1iBPvagKo-00035-00048440-00048584 yes i do
hn1iBPvagKo-00036-00048928-00050584 do you like burgers yes i do i like hot dogs and burgers
hn1iBPvagKo-00037-00050864-00052112 those are donuts what are those tabby those are donuts do you like donuts tapi yes i do
hn1iBPvagKo-00038-00052624-00053967 this is a hot dog do you like hot dogs chibi yes i do i like hot dogs who one hot dog
hn1iBPvagKo-00039-00054079-00054784 two hot dogs these are hot dogs
hn1iBPvagKo-00040-00055279-00056504 what are those these are sandwiches do you like sandwiches goku no i don't what do you like
hn1iBPvagKo-00041-00056967-00058312 those are sausages these are burgers i like sausages and burgers
hn1iBPvagKo-00042-00058791-00059504 do you like donuts do you like burgers do you like sandwiches yes i do
hn1iBPvagKo-00043-00059584-00060384 do you like hot dogs do you like sausages do you like burgers yes i do
hn1iBPvagKo-00044-00062776-00063184 oh
hn1iBPvagKo-00045-00063616-00063672 go go
hn1iBPvagKo-00046-00063928-00064584 hi tony
hn1iBPvagKo-00047-00065408-00066016 what is it what is it
hn1iBPvagKo-00048-00066176-00067392 is it an apple is it a pear is it a monkey is it a band what is it what is it what is it
hn1iBPvagKo-00049-00067792-00068000 hi hi
hn1iBPvagKo-00050-00068408-00069848 what's your name my name's tony how are you tony i'm fine thanks how old are you tony i'm 10.
hn1iBPvagKo-00051-00070016-00071048 what's your name my name's go go mom mom look who are they
hn1iBPvagKo-00052-00071152-00072984 they're tony and google he's tony and he's dead he's go go and he's five
hn1iBPvagKo-00053-00074024-00075784 tony is it it's an elephant that's right it's an elephant
hn1iBPvagKo-00054-00076280-00076872 go go what is it it's
hn1iBPvagKo-00055-00077016-00078584 it's it's a panda that's right it's a panda tony one go go one
hn1iBPvagKo-00056-00079112-00079168 tony
hn1iBPvagKo-00057-00079416-00079552 what is it
hn1iBPvagKo-00058-00079944-00080328 what color is it it's red
hn1iBPvagKo-00059-00080744-00081384 is it an apple no it isn't
hn1iBPvagKo-00060-00082584-00084184 that's right yes go go it's a tomato tony one go go two
hn1iBPvagKo-00061-00084904-00085584 do you like cars go go no i don't do you like boots
hn1iBPvagKo-00062-00085688-00087104 no i don't what do you like i like burgers thank you
hn1iBPvagKo-00063-00087680-00088384 thank you go go
hn1iBPvagKo-00064-00088640-00089240 what is it what is it or what isn't
hn1iBPvagKo-00065-00089408-00091184 is pear is it a monkey is it a bear what is it what is it what is it
hn1iBPvagKo-00066-00092616-00093080 have you got a ruler yes i have i've got a ruler
hn1iBPvagKo-00067-00093376-00093496 have you got a rubber
hn1iBPvagKo-00068-00093728-00093984 yes i have i've got a rubber
hn1iBPvagKo-00069-00094272-00094416 have you got a pencil
hn1iBPvagKo-00070-00094632-00095632 yes i have i've got a pencil have you got a pen yes i have i've got a pen
hn1iBPvagKo-00071-00096032-00096784 have you got a notebook yes i have i got a notebook
hn1iBPvagKo-00072-00097784-00099584 open the door please come in tony sit down please
hn1iBPvagKo-00073-00100872-00101736 oh what is it i don't know hello my name's google
hn1iBPvagKo-00074-00102240-00102384 oh go go
hn1iBPvagKo-00075-00103896-00104183 very good sit down please go go
hn1iBPvagKo-00076-00104744-00105183 stand up please go go have you got pen
hn1iBPvagKo-00077-00105672-00106920 yes i have i've got a pen have you got a ruler yes yes i have have you got a notebook
hn1iBPvagKo-00078-00107376-00108064 yes i have i've got a notebook stand up please tony you got a pen
hn1iBPvagKo-00079-00108272-00109535 yes i have oh i'm sorry i haven't bought a pen have you got a ruler
hn1iBPvagKo-00080-00109728-00110128 no i haven't i haven't got a ruler
hn1iBPvagKo-00081-00110376-00111024 have you got a notebook no i haven't i haven't got a notebook
hn1iBPvagKo-00082-00111568-00112183 go go
hn1iBPvagKo-00083-00113200-00113720 what's this it's a ruler that's right
hn1iBPvagKo-00084-00114080-00114511 have you got a ruler gb yes i have
hn1iBPvagKo-00085-00114768-00115144 peppy what's this it's a pencil
hn1iBPvagKo-00086-00115480-00115896 have you got a pencil tapi yes i have
hn1iBPvagKo-00087-00116144-00117144 god what's this it's a rubber have you got a rubber pod yes i have
hn1iBPvagKo-00088-00117408-00119183 what's this it's a notebook what's this it's a pen i've got a pen and a notebook
hn1iBPvagKo-00089-00119711-00120583 yes
hn1iBPvagKo-00090-00123535-00124783 jenny tidy your room please
hn1iBPvagKo-00091-00125096-00126183 hello jenny hello gogo
hn1iBPvagKo-00092-00127056-00127583 let's read
hn1iBPvagKo-00093-00127728-00128983 um
hn1iBPvagKo-00094-00129616-00131784 let's paint jenny tidy your room please
hn1iBPvagKo-00095-00132568-00133184 let's sing
hn1iBPvagKo-00096-00133680-00134584 jenny tidy your room please
hn1iBPvagKo-00097-00135672-00137384 let's swim jenny tidy your room please
hn1iBPvagKo-00098-00137736-00138784 oh go go i'm sorry jenny
hn1iBPvagKo-00099-00141184-00142984 very good jenny let's eat okay google let's eat
hn1iBPvagKo-00100-00143896-00144504 hello let's read let's paint
hn1iBPvagKo-00101-00144760-00144848 let's sing
hn1iBPvagKo-00102-00145152-00145272 let's swim
hn1iBPvagKo-00103-00145496-00145784 let's eat
hn1iBPvagKo-00104-00148168-00148584 let's paint
hn1iBPvagKo-00105-00149776-00149920 let's swim let's
hn1iBPvagKo-00106-00151304-00151384 and eat
hn1iBPvagKo-00107-00153872-00154632 can you see jenny yes i can can go go see no he can't
hn1iBPvagKo-00108-00154984-00156216 yes i can i can see who's he his name's gogo what can he do he can dance thanks google
hn1iBPvagKo-00109-00156840-00157808 very good can he sing no he could i can have you got a pencil yes i
hn1iBPvagKo-00110-00158056-00158192 can't sing
hn1iBPvagKo-00111-00158384-00158576 can swim watch
hn1iBPvagKo-00112-00159312-00159408 he can catch
hn1iBPvagKo-00113-00159696-00160880 he can climb can he read can you read go go yes i can i can read hello cinderella
hn1iBPvagKo-00114-00160968-00162584 my name is prince charming he called out very good he can fly can you fly go go yes i can
hn1iBPvagKo-00115-00163896-00164080 oh watch go
hn1iBPvagKo-00116-00164848-00165560 look i can dance look i can sing
hn1iBPvagKo-00117-00165800-00168184 i can swim i can catch i can climb i can read i can fly and i can eat
hn1iBPvagKo-00118-00170216-00170312 let's dance
hn1iBPvagKo-00119-00170624-00171544 look i can dance can you dance happy yes i can i can dance
hn1iBPvagKo-00120-00171968-00172384 dance
hn1iBPvagKo-00121-00172656-00172912 very good let's climb
hn1iBPvagKo-00122-00173696-00173784 i can climb
hn1iBPvagKo-00123-00174184-00175184 i can't climb can you climb pod uh uh no i can't climb
hn1iBPvagKo-00124-00175600-00176232 catch i can catch and i can
hn1iBPvagKo-00125-00176288-00176584 eat
hn1iBPvagKo-00126-00177264-00177376 i can fly
hn1iBPvagKo-00127-00177640-00177984 he can't fly
hn1iBPvagKo-00128-00178240-00178360 thank you go go
hn1iBPvagKo-00129-00178840-00180280 i can dance i can climb i can catch and i can fly can you fly can you fly no i can't fly
hn1iBPvagKo-00130-00180440-00181896 i can dance i can climb i can catch and i can fly can you fly can you fly yes i can fly
hn1iBPvagKo-00131-00182048-00183584 yes i can fly yes i can fly
hn1iBPvagKo-00132-00184632-00185032 ah
hn1iBPvagKo-00133-00185032-00186632 wow go go wait
hn1iBPvagKo-00134-00186872-00187784 what are they they're mirrors watch
hn1iBPvagKo-00135-00188328-00190104 you're big go go now i'm big i'm small now i'm small she's big that's right go go she's big
hn1iBPvagKo-00136-00190336-00190840 now i'm big that's right now you're big
hn1iBPvagKo-00137-00191056-00191288 look at me i'm tall
hn1iBPvagKo-00138-00191496-00192696 now you're tall jenny i'm not tall no you aren't tall you're short
hn1iBPvagKo-00139-00193192-00193464 look tony he's tall
hn1iBPvagKo-00140-00194288-00194784 oh no he isn't tall he's short
hn1iBPvagKo-00141-00195216-00195264 come on
hn1iBPvagKo-00142-00195808-00196600 you can't throw yes i can look i'm old
hn1iBPvagKo-00143-00197296-00198984 you're wet now i'm not old i'm young i can throw it too
hn1iBPvagKo-00144-00199104-00200384 it's sweet it isn't water it's orange juice your turn go go
hn1iBPvagKo-00145-00200680-00201136 i'm hungry i'm thirsty i'm thirsty too
hn1iBPvagKo-00146-00201456-00201784 thank you go go
hn1iBPvagKo-00147-00203288-00203984 what's that gb it's a flower go-go it's small chibi
hn1iBPvagKo-00148-00204560-00206552 it isn't small now gb it's big it isn't me now it's small big small
hn1iBPvagKo-00149-00206728-00209271 good he's old she's young i'm young how old is pond he's five he's young
hn1iBPvagKo-00150-00209984-00211071 it's 12 o'clock i'm hungry it's 12 o'clock i'm thirsty let's eat and drink
hn1iBPvagKo-00151-00211392-00212984 it's 12 o'clock i'm hungry it's twelve o'clock i'm thirsty let's eat thank you
hn1iBPvagKo-00152-00215000-00217367 hello tony hello jenny hello gogo i'm hungry we're hungry too good let's eat let's go in
hn1iBPvagKo-00153-00218408-00218584 hush
hn1iBPvagKo-00154-00218823-00219071 hush go go don't pull
hn1iBPvagKo-00155-00219471-00219984 we can sit there
hn1iBPvagKo-00156-00220367-00220656 noodles curry
hn1iBPvagKo-00157-00220904-00221384 soup yes
hn1iBPvagKo-00158-00221952-00222167 what's this it's soup
hn1iBPvagKo-00159-00222552-00223104 i like soup do you like soup tony yes i do
hn1iBPvagKo-00160-00223240-00224264 he likes soup do you like soup jenny yes i do she likes soup i like soup too
hn1iBPvagKo-00161-00225256-00225584 oh
hn1iBPvagKo-00162-00226048-00227536 what are they they're noodles we like noodles they like noodles i like noodles too what's that oh
hn1iBPvagKo-00163-00227744-00228736 it's curry curry is hot we don't like curry they don't like curry i like curry
hn1iBPvagKo-00164-00229656-00230016 curry thank you
hn1iBPvagKo-00165-00230423-00231184 this soup's good these noodles are good too
hn1iBPvagKo-00166-00232567-00233984 hey oh
hn1iBPvagKo-00167-00235023-00235384 let's go
hn1iBPvagKo-00168-00235944-00236040 we can paint
hn1iBPvagKo-00169-00236528-00236919 i like yellow he likes yellow
hn1iBPvagKo-00170-00237367-00237512 i like blue
hn1iBPvagKo-00171-00237904-00238184 she likes blue
hn1iBPvagKo-00172-00238936-00239960 they like green too i like red i like red too we like
hn1iBPvagKo-00173-00240928-00241696 she red blue we like green and they like red he likes yellow
hn1iBPvagKo-00174-00241696-00242384 she likes blue we like red and they do too
hn1iBPvagKo-00175-00242480-00243784 oh
hn1iBPvagKo-00176-00244823-00245184 hello jenny hello tony
hn1iBPvagKo-00177-00246152-00246584 oh go go sorry
hn1iBPvagKo-00178-00246967-00248223 wow he's cold and wet have you got a towel no i haven't
hn1iBPvagKo-00179-00248600-00249384 she's got a towel ah bye thank you
hn1iBPvagKo-00180-00249656-00249936 look they've got drinks
hn1iBPvagKo-00181-00250336-00250784 look has he got drinks
hn1iBPvagKo-00182-00251336-00251656 yes he has he's got drinks
hn1iBPvagKo-00183-00251896-00252184 orange juice please
hn1iBPvagKo-00184-00253984-00255304 have you got towels no we haven't they haven't got towels go go they've got towels now oh
hn1iBPvagKo-00185-00255440-00256671 don't worry the towels are magic look out have you got a camera no
hn1iBPvagKo-00186-00256744-00257784 we haven't they haven't got a camera jenny's got a camera
hn1iBPvagKo-00187-00258119-00258456 look jenny he's got an umbrella
hn1iBPvagKo-00188-00258984-00259519 oh he hasn't got an umbrella now
hn1iBPvagKo-00189-00260023-00260584 and he hasn't got a towel
hn1iBPvagKo-00190-00260992-00261984 that's naughty thank you you're kind
hn1iBPvagKo-00191-00262536-00263264 he hasn't got a drink hmm thank you
hn1iBPvagKo-00192-00264408-00265200 they've got sausages pod mmm yes they have they've got sausages
hn1iBPvagKo-00193-00265504-00267584 have we got sausages no we haven't what have we got we've got eggs good we've got eggs
hn1iBPvagKo-00194-00268136-00269296 she's got an apple have we got apples no we haven't he's got a drink
hn1iBPvagKo-00195-00269624-00269896 gb happy come here please
hn1iBPvagKo-00196-00270264-00271048 they've got sausages we've got eggs she's got an apple he's got a drink
hn1iBPvagKo-00197-00271520-00272224 they've got sausages we've got eggs he's got an apple he's got a dream
hn1iBPvagKo-00198-00272224-00273184 dave got sausages we've got heads she's got an apple he's got a drink
hn1iBPvagKo-00199-00274896-00277384 so hello tony hello gogo what's that it's my submarine get in all right super
hn1iBPvagKo-00200-00277616-00278152 look there's jenny what's she doing i don't know
hn1iBPvagKo-00201-00278608-00278784 she's diving
hn1iBPvagKo-00202-00279088-00279424 she's not diving now what's she doing
hn1iBPvagKo-00203-00279784-00280848 she's swimming hello jenny hello goku get in jenny
hn1iBPvagKo-00204-00281328-00281768 what's the submarine doing it's diving
hn1iBPvagKo-00205-00282536-00282632 what can you see
hn1iBPvagKo-00206-00282840-00284072 i can see a park i can see a man what's he doing he's walking i can see a boy
hn1iBPvagKo-00207-00284248-00285320 what's he doing he's fishing you look tony thank you i can see a girl she's running
hn1iBPvagKo-00208-00285512-00286080 i can see a bridge look out go go oh
hn1iBPvagKo-00209-00286312-00287184 the submarine is sinking don't worry jenny
hn1iBPvagKo-00210-00287744-00288584 hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha
hn1iBPvagKo-00212-00296184-00296232 happy
hn1iBPvagKo-00213-00296672-00296984 taffy uh-oh
hn1iBPvagKo-00214-00297808-00298384 happy is running now
hn1iBPvagKo-00215-00298456-00299784 ugh
hn1iBPvagKo-00216-00300976-00301856 he's what's she doing what's she doing she's swimming
hn1iBPvagKo-00217-00302000-00302584 what's he doing what's he doing he's running
hn1iBPvagKo-00218-00304296-00304304 you
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00000-00000000-00000260 Michael: Okay, hi.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00001-00000260-00000380 Good morning everyone.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00002-00000380-00000670 I hope you like my Halloween costume.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00003-00000670-00000980 I came disguised as a nonviolence professor.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00004-00000980-00001610 I hope it fools you.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00005-00001610-00001900 In the meditation class this morning  I started off by saying,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00006-00001900-00002280 “I see you’re all disguised  as separate individuals.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00007-00002280-00002490 That was for the meditators.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00008-00002490-00002750 So you’re getting a sheet  that’s being passed around.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00009-00002750-00002960 There should be enough for everyone.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00010-00002960-00003620 I’ll also send out a copy of it on CourseWeb  describing, or at least listing some tips
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00011-00003620-00004230 to how you can approach the question  of writing a paper for us.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00012-00004230-00004670 And several people were asking me about all  the books that I referred to about
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00013-00004670-00005190 the Jesus of History versus  the Christ of Faith movement.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00014-00005190-00005580 And so these are some of the main books  that can get you started.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00015-00005580-00005900 This is the one that actually started it all off.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00016-00005900-00006280 And most of you got this on CourseWeb  with some comments from me.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00017-00006280-00006900 Started the modern version of it any,  Geza Vermes is a very, very distinguished
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00018-00006900-00007709 Jewish scholar, of Hungarian origin who wrote  a book called, “Jesus the Jew,”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00019-00007709-00008520 back in the 80’s when it was not common  to remember that, in fact, he was Jewish.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00020-00008520-00009110 There’s a joke about the Pope calling up  the Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem and saying,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00021-00009110-00009740 “Rabbi, we’ve got some wonderful for you. We’ve decided to canonize Einstein.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00022-00009740-00010110 And the Rabbi says, “Well, that’s nice.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00023-00010110-00010600 And the Pope says, “I’m not sure you  quite appreciate, this is the first time in history
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00024-00010600-00011130 that the church has so honored a person  who was born and died a Jew.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00025-00011130-00011510 And the Rabbi, says, “No, it isn’t.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00026-00011510-00012410 So that was back in the days when we had  still conveniently forgotten Jesus’ Jewish origins.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00027-00012410-00013250 Geza Vermes has also done a complete translation  into English of the Dead Sea Scrolls documents,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00028-00013250-00013669 the ones that are long enough to translate.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00029-00013669-00014269 What I’d like to do is say a few words about  the midterm, now that you’ve had a chance
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00030-00014269-00014510 to look at your copy of it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00031-00014510-00015150 And then I’m actually going to talk a little bit  about Islam, even though Camilla appears not
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00032-00015150-00015369 to be here today, right? Camilla?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00033-00015369-00015569 No, she’s not here.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00034-00015569-00016060 And then get back to the question  of the historical Jesus and what happened
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00035-00016060-00016670 to the nonviolence that was at the heart  of that original religion.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00036-00016670-00016960 And we’re going to be – when we get around  to that, we’re going to be looking basically
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00037-00016960-00017260 at three institutions.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00038-00017260-00017990 One, is the state itself because the state becomes  the formalization at a very big scale
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00039-00017990-00018410 of what was the community in Stage 2 religions.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00040-00018410-00019040 And the minute you have a Stage 3 religion,  in my terms, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00041-00019040-00019820 that is you have a person centered religion,  the state loses its absolute control of authority.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00042-00019820-00020740 Max Weber, among others, has said,  the very definition of the state is that collective
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00043-00020740-00021100 which has the monopoly on legitimate violence.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00044-00021100-00021720 That’s how we define what a state is,  consciously or unconsciously.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00045-00021720-00022470 And the second institution, of course,  is scapegoating which after ritual animal sacrifice
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00046-00022470-00022700 has been more or less abolished.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00047-00022700-00023080 It goes on the ground and it shows up  in remarkable forms.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00048-00023080-00023560 And, of course, war, which is not so subtle,  easier to talk about.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00049-00023560-00024100 Okay, but I wanted to say a few things  about the ID’s first.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00050-00024100-00025000 Non-embarrassment was an embarrassment  for us because it’s a technical term
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00051-00025000-00025830 and we meant as such and it really – as such,  it does not refer to the overriding principle
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00052-00025830-00026670 which admittedly is much more important,  that the wellbeing of your opponent and of yourself,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00053-00026670-00027250 the wellbeing of everyone, intimately involves  the dignity of that person.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00054-00027250-00027980 And so in principled nonviolence you should  never have to invoke any kind of mechanism
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00055-00027980-00028289 that would compromise the dignity of the other.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00056-00028289-00028700 And you should never put up with a compromise  to your own dignity.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00057-00028700-00028930 But, of course, that can be a little bit different.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00058-00028930-00029320 You remember the story I told you  about somebody who was slapped by a bully
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00059-00029320-00029839 and wrote to Gandhi and said,  “I felt ashamed, I felt humiliated.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00060-00029839-00030030 What should I have done?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00061-00030030-00030600 And Gandhi said, “If you felt humiliated,  you should have hit him back.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00062-00030600-00030760 I don’t care how big he was.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00063-00030760-00031130 But your problem was you should not have  felt humiliated.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00064-00031130-00031460 So it’s a little bit subtler when it involves yourself.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00065-00031460-00032070 But nothing in nonviolence should involve  the compromise or the dignity of a person
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00066-00032070-00032260 or whatever side they’re on.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00067-00032260-00032650 That’s a big issue, of course, and I’m glad  that a lot of you remembered about it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00068-00032650-00032970 But non-embarrassment is something much  more specific.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00069-00032970-00033540 Who’d like to – someone who got all four points  on that one or who has learned their lesson
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00070-00033540-00034100 since then who’d like to succinctly tell us  what non-embarrassment is?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00071-00034100-00034310 And as a nonviolent strategy.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00072-00034310-00035480 Student: If you’re opponent is distracted  by something [unintelligible].
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00073-00035480-00035650 Michael: Yeah. Julia is correct.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00074-00035650-00036210 That it’s a question of distraction which  would almost be more called non-distraction
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00075-00036210-00036370 than non-embarrassment.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00076-00036370-00036580 It’s embarrassment in the sense of encumbrance.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00077-00036580-00037130 And it’s good if you’re answering an ID like that,  to describe why that is important.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00078-00037130-00037360 Does anybody want to try that?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00079-00037360-00037890 Why does it matter so much not to take advantage  of your opponent when they’re distracted?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00080-00037890-00038190 Joy?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00081-00038190-00039000 Student: Maybe because that’s not  [unintelligible].
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00082-00039000-00039420 Michael: Yeah. It’s not the central issue,  that’s true. Sid?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00083-00039420-00039830 Student: Because then they’ll give in to their  demand, not because they have a change of heart,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00084-00039830-00040160 just because they’re forced into  this awkward position.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00085-00040160-00040480 Michael: Yeah. I think Sid’s point is  the basic one.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00086-00040480-00040850 That you always want, if at all possible,  now obviously there are – 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00087-00040850-00041270 sometimes there are constraints of time  and you can’t achieve this.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00088-00041270-00041590 But you always want the opponent to see the light.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00089-00041590-00041790 You want to talk them around.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00090-00041790-00042120 And what you’re doing,  if you take advantage of something 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00091-00042120-00042670 like the English Railroad Workers strike  or WWII or little things like that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00092-00042670-00043080 You take advantage of the fact that  your opponent is distracted by these.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00093-00043080-00043670 You’re shifting the whole interaction from  a conversation and learning experience
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00094-00043670-00043950 to a power struggle.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00095-00043950-00044100 Is that what you were going to say Rami?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00096-00044100-00044450 Student: [Unintelligible]
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00097-00044450-00044790 Michael: Right.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00098-00044790-00045150 So you may force your opponent into a position  that’s comfortable for you, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00099-00045150-00045480 that you get rid of some oppression  in the short-term, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00100-00045480-00045800 but they haven’t really changed their mind  and their thinking.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00101-00045800-00046150 So the problem is just going to come back up  at some point down the road.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00102-00046150-00046660 So that’s why non-embarrassment  is closely related to no fresh issue.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00103-00046660-00047110 That’s exactly the same point,  the same reasoning behind it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00104-00047110-00047900 You don’t want the fresh issue to come up  because it will, again, it will shift things
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00105-00047900-00048270 to a power struggle and you may win  in the short term, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00106-00048270-00048830 but you will not have improved  the situation in the long haul. Okay.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00107-00048830-00049750 When you talk about something like the Harijan  Struggle or Champaran or even Chauri Chaura,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00108-00049750-00050400 sometimes you get into describing what it was  and you forget to tell us what the outcome was.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00109-00050400-00050520 And I think it’s kind of important.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00110-00050520-00050800 Like if we ask you what was the Epic Fast?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00111-00050800-00051030 You want to tell us it’s 1932.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00112-00051030-00051130 Describe the issue.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00113-00051130-00051300 Separate electorate thing.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00114-00051300-00051500 Why it was so important to Gandhi?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00115-00051500-00052100 And tell us that he succeeded,  that he went head to head with Ambedkar.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00116-00052100-00052490 He said to Ambedkar, “Five years or my life.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00117-00052490-00052960 Ambedkar said, “Well, I guess it’s your life  then because I’m not conceding on the five years.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00118-00052960-00053420 And the other Indians worked on  Ambedkar around the clock until they
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00119-00053420-00053610 get him around to compromise position.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00120-00053610-00053729 So the thing worked.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00121-00053729-00053890 I think that’s important to mention.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00122-00053890-00054650 With regard to Tolstoy, there is  a very commonly held misbelief.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00123-00054650-00055150 I don’t say myth because I used to teach myths  and I like them, but I don’t like lies.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00124-00055150-00056050 So it’s a misbelief that Tolstoy, and especially  Thoreau, influenced Gandhi significantly.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00125-00056050-00056700 And this is mostly held by people who do not  understand that the Brahmanism
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00126-00056700-00057160 or the background of Hindu religion  was nonviolent from the get-go.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00127-00057160-00057479 And he didn’t actually need any of these people.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00128-00057479-00057940 But Gandhi explicitly disavowed  that Thoreau had influenced him.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00129-00057940-00058390 He said, “I was really happy to see that he  came up with the term civil disobedience.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00130-00058390-00058620 I borrowed that term from him.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00131-00058620-00059190 Similarly, he was thrilled to find that Tolstoy  was a pacifist in the Christian fold,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00132-00059190-00059570 respected intellectual living in the West.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00133-00059570-00060210 It was great to find a kindred spirit over there,  but he didn’t get pacifism from Tolstoy
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00134-00060210-00060629 and he didn’t get civil disobedience from Thoreau.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00135-00060629-00060729 Okay?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00136-00060729-00060879 Just to set the record straight.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00137-00060879-00061400 If you talk about Tolstoy Farm which was one  of the four ashrams.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00138-00061400-00061779 We consider important to mention that  there were others.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00139-00061779-00062070 In other words, this is a set.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00140-00062070-00062460 You know, the contextualization issue.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00141-00062460-00063220 And then it’s awfully nice if you can go on  to say that Tolstoy farm in Phoenix Settlement
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00142-00063220-00063760 were not explicitly called ashrams  versus the ones in India which were.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00143-00063760-00064320 And that’s because it sort of show Gandhi  was signaling to his compatriots
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00144-00064320-00064640 that he was coming out as a spiritual leader.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00145-00064640-00065220 He never wanted to be called that  and he always disavowed the term Mahatma.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00146-00065220-00065400 He said it caused him a lot of pain.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00147-00065400-00066070 But the fact is, that we was letting people know  by calling these communities ashrams,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00148-00066070-00066440 that he was a spiritual teacher of some kind.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00149-00066440-00067000 The South African government and the struggles  that Gandhi has with them – there’s a – 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00150-00067000-00067640 now we didn’t take off points for this, but just to get  the record straight again, they were not British.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00151-00067640-00068200 If you called Jan Christian Smuts British,  he would probably arrange 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00152-00068200-00068500 to have you disappeared at  the next possible opportunity.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00153-00068500-00068930 They were Afrikaans and they were Boers.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00154-00068930-00069460 And in fact, the last phase of Gandhi’s  South African career, if you remember,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00155-00069460-00069890 mostly is around him and it takes place mostly  in the Transvaal.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00156-00069890-00070210 And that was not a British colony at that time.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00157-00070210-00070770 Okay, let’s see.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00158-00070770-00071410 Yeah, the fruits of action – this phalam thing –  it can be a little bit subtle because you want to say –
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00159-00071410-00072130 you want to say that you shouldn’t be attached  to the outcome, but you can’t say
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00160-00072130-00072370 that you shouldn’t be concerned  about the outcome.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00161-00072370-00072850 That would be ridiculous, obviously, for Gandhi  to do everything that he did and then
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00162-00072850-00073330 not be concerned whether India gets its  independence or not, that would not make sense.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00163-00073330-00073470 Of course, he wants it to happen.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00164-00073470-00074030 But the difference is he is not clinging  to it personally.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00165-00074030-00074920 He is more interested in his motivation  and in the methods that he uses,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00166-00074920-00075360 and relatively less interested in the outcome.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00167-00075360-00076030 But especially the thing to avoid  is to be motivated by personal benefit.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00168-00076030-00076560 That’s really – if you wanted a single formula  that would capture that concept in
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00169-00076560-00076850 the Gita Theory of Action, that would be the one.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00170-00076850-00077480 You are not driven to the act by the personal  benefit that you can accrue to you from that act.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00171-00077480-00077720 Okay?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00172-00077720-00078860 Any questions about this or the other stuff  I’ve said so far?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00173-00078860-00079120 In the case of Abdul Ghaffar Khan – yeah?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00174-00079120-00079380 Student: I’m still a little confused  about the Tolstoy Farm.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00175-00079380-00079670 Did you say he referred it to as an ashram?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00176-00079670-00079810 Michael: He did not.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00177-00079810-00080140 At least the name was not –  it was not Tolstoy Ashram.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00178-00080140-00080310 It was Tolstoy Farm.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00179-00080310-00080550 And that’s partly because it wasn’t in India.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00180-00080550-00081070 But it’s partly because, I think,  he was stepping into his position in India.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00181-00081070-00081530 So you have Sabarmati Ashram  and Satyagraha Ashram in India.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00182-00081530-00082500 Most of you got pretty well what the power  and the function of those communities were
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00183-00082500-00082840 because there were several such functions.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00184-00082840-00083750 It doesn’t really seem that it has been  our destiny to see nonviolence played out
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00185-00083750-00083970 on a very large scale, yet.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00186-00083970-00084900 There are two quasi exceptions to this,  the Realm of Ashoka in India 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00187-00084900-00085310 and the Pennsylvania colony we’re going to be  talking about probably on Thursday.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00188-00085310-00086000 But by and large nonviolence is something  that’s been worked out on a small scale 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00189-00086000-00086410 And as a model to be used for  larger scale developments.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00190-00086410-00087090 So one of the most important things about those  communities, call them ashrams or farms
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00191-00087090-00087520 or what you will, is that you could do  pure nonviolence there.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00192-00087520-00088090 And incidentally, I guess there’s a fourth  institution that I haven’t mentioned that we
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00193-00088090-00088660 could be thinking about in terms of looking  at the degree of nonviolence in a Western society,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00194-00088660-00088890 and that is criminal justice.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00195-00088890-00089410 We’ll be talking a good bit about it  next semester in the B class.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00196-00089410-00090390 But you note that in the – in Phoenix Settlement,  I think, there was an episode where some
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00197-00090390-00090770 of the young people – teenagers – misbehaved.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00198-00090770-00091120 I don’t know exactly what the misbehavior was.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00199-00091120-00091570 Probably something absolutely shocking  and terrible like smoking a cigarette
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00200-00091570-00091740 or something like that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00201-00091740-00092080 And Gandhi felt that something  had to be done about this.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00202-00092080-00092750 But he intuitively felt that punishment  was ruled out in his community.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00203-00092750-00093040 In a nonviolent community, punishment  is not used.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00204-00093040-00093300 So what could he do?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00205-00093300-00093940 What he did was, he fasted to take on  the harm and purify it in his own person.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00206-00093940-00094420 And in the course of doing so, of course  these young people would see what they had done
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00207-00094420-00094940 to him, and that would be much more powerful  as a way of changing them than if he
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00208-00094940-00095410 caused them to suffer physically  or some other way on top of that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00209-00095410-00096140 So in that little way also he laid out a model  for a way that society might be able to deal
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00210-00096140-00096810 with criminal behavior without getting into  this horrible endless cycle, this trap that we’ve
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00211-00096810-00097440 fallen into where we know have like 2 million  people in the U.S. are part of the criminal justice
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00212-00097440-00097740 system in one part of the cycle or another.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00213-00097740-00098120 Okay, so now about the essay.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00214-00098120-00098730 The only thing I want to add, I guess, is that  if you do one of the historical questions,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00215-00098730-00099450 you know, take South Africa or take India,  in the ones that I read, nobody really was able to
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00216-00099450-00099660 put across that this thing had a rhythm.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00217-00099660-00100230 It built up slowly, it had a climax,  and a denouement, if you will.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00218-00100230-00100880 So think about that, when you go into  the final exam.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00219-00100880-00101520 A good example for part of it is that famous  little section that I quoted that you have in your reader
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00220-00101520-00101840 from Satyagraha in South Africa.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00221-00101840-00102530 Gandhi’s description of the five or six or seven  Satyagraha’s that preceded the outbreak
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00222-00102530-00102720 of the real freedom struggle in India.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00223-00102720-00103159 And he will show you that there was a steady progression.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00224-00103159-00103550 The confrontation was more intense  with each one.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00225-00103550-00103859 So that’s again, it’s like a conversation.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00226-00103859-00104120 It’s leading up to a big breakthrough.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00227-00104120-00104820 And I had a little breakthrough of my own  over the weekend while I was talking to Jennifer,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00228-00104820-00105000 who you met last week.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00229-00105000-00105600 And I realized that in a – this is apropos  of absolutely nothing, by the way.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00230-00105600-00106290 Put your pens down, this is known as amusing  Nagler by letting him share what he feels like sharing
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00231-00106290-00106609 It’s not relevant to what we’re  immediately discussing.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00232-00106609-00107090 In our nonviolent confrontation, you reach  a climax like that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00233-00107090-00107600 I suddenly saw that it’s – like there are two things  that are happening.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00234-00107600-00108300 You are shocking the opponent into a state  of befuddlement, where the opponent comes
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00235-00108300-00108920 at you with anger, fully expecting  that you’re going to respond with fear.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00236-00108920-00109380 When you don’t respond with fear,  he or she is startled.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00237-00109380-00109650 Okay, that’s a golden moment.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00238-00109650-00110340 That bit of befuddlement where the person  was exactly clear, totally wrong,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00239-00110340-00110670 but exactly clear about what’s going on.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00240-00110670-00110920 I’m dominating this person with my anger.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00241-00110920-00111600 When that’s broken up, there’s a moment  of openness there where you can introduce
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00242-00111600-00111890 some other considerations into that person’s mind.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00243-00111890-00112170 So it’s like a two phase thing going on.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00244-00112170-00112650 You’re breaking up the person’s mindset,  and then you get to feed in a new one.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00245-00112650-00113000 Again, this isn’t something that’s always  going to work.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00246-00113000-00113450 In the story – I think it’s James Farmer
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00247-00113450-00113709 who is being badly beaten in a prison  somewhere in the South.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00248-00113709-00114090 We’ll getting to the Civil Rights Movement  probably next week.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00249-00114090-00114759 And throughout the whole time, he just kept  talking to the police who were beating him.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00250-00114759-00115320 Finally they said, “The guy’s crazy,”  and just threw him into a cell by himself.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00251-00115320-00115930 So it’s not like you’re going to always see  the conversion there, but part of what you’re doing is
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00252-00115930-00116480 arresting that person in a sense that’s startling  them out of their mindset so that you
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00253-00116480-00116620 can bring in another one.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00254-00116620-00117690 Okay, so are there any questions then about  the midterm or anything else we’ve covered so far?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00255-00117690-00118100 Okay.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00256-00118100-00118680 If not, let me talk a little bit about Islam  and keep careful notes so that you can share them
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00257-00118680-00118909 with Camilla when she gets back.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00258-00118909-00119159 She’s our token Muslim.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00259-00119159-00119770 To sort of summarize at the beginning what  I’m going to end up concluding with,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00260-00119770-00120270 we in the West often to tend to think  in polarized terms 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00261-00120270-00120940 and we think that our religion is a religion of peace,  but Islam is a religion of violence.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00262-00120940-00121350 And there’s absolutely no justification  for a generalization like that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00263-00121350-00122220 All of the major monotheistic faiths in the West,  Judaism, Christianity, Islam, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00264-00122220-00122709 they all have the same dilemma.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00265-00122709-00123440 They start off wanting absolute peace,  but then they have to confront the world
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00266-00123440-00123640 in the situation that they’re actually in.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00267-00123640-00123900 And they have to start making compromises.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00268-00123900-00124770 So what you find is glorious expressions  of peace in the scriptural tradition, which in the case
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00269-00124770-00125570 of Islam is two-fold – I’ll be talking about that  in a minute – buffered by various accommodations
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00270-00125570-00125859 that happened in the real world.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00271-00125859-00126200 And if there’s a difference at all, it’s a matter  of degree.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00272-00126200-00126790 And incidentally, the best book that I know  of on nonviolence in Islam is by
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00273-00126790-00128540 Muhammad Abu Nimer, let me put that on here.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00274-00128540-00128780 That’s short for peacebuilding, okay?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00275-00128780-00129430 Nonviolence and peacebuilding in Islam.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00276-00129430-00129970 I’ve read a lot of books that claim that Islam  is a religion of peace and nonviolence
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00277-00129970-00130320 and a lot of books that claim the opposite  and they’re all wrong.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00278-00130320-00130709 And I think Mohammed Abu Nimer  has a very good balanced approach.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00279-00130709-00131110 So first of all, what is the tradition?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00280-00131110-00131770 As you know, it arose in the 6th century when  there was this prophetic figure,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00281-00131770-00132860 Muhammad Al Karaji, Muhammad of the Karaj  Clan, who had a set of revelations from God.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00282-00132860-00133700 And the word for God – and it’s important  to be aware of this – is “Al” is a prefix “the”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00283-00133700-00133870 and “lah” means, “The Lord.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00284-00133870-00134160 So their name for God is Allah, the Lord.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00285-00134160-00134800 It’s not like there’s a person whose name is Allah  as opposed to a person name Jehovah or a
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00286-00134800-00135150 person named Krishna or something else like that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00287-00135150-00135500 So this is not a personal name, Allah.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00288-00135500-00136400 And he was in a cave on Mount Hira,  and was seized by this incredible grip.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00289-00136400-00136850 It was like it was almost killing him  and he said he felt like he was going to die.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00290-00136850-00137450 And he hear a voice saying to him,  “Idra. Recite.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00291-00137450-00137740 And he said, “What recite?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00292-00137740-00137960 What are you talking –  what am I supposed to recite?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00293-00137960-00138200 And these verses came to him.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00294-00138200-00138440 And this happened over several episodes.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00295-00138440-00139010 And I don’t remember exactly how long Quran is,  but part of its power is that 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00296-00139010-00139270 it’s incredibly beautiful poetry.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00297-00139270-00139660 And apparently it’s just about untranslatable.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00298-00139660-00139940 And these verses are called, "Surahs.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00299-00139940-00140570 This is the main source of the tradition,  is this collection of surahs that were revealed to
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00300-00140570-00140980 Muhammad over the period of his maturity.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00301-00140980-00141230 Yeah? Joy?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00302-00141230-00141590 Student: Is this Muhammad of the 6th century?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00303-00141590-00141940 Michael: 7th century, Yeah.  Born in the late 6th century, but this happened in the –
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00304-00141940-00142440 Student: [Unintelligible]
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00305-00142440-00142570 Michael: Yeah. Not the boxer.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00306-00142570-00142960 Talking about the prophet.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00307-00142960-00143620 And so you have two major sources  for the tradition.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00308-00143620-00144410 One is the Quran or more accurately,  Quran, which means, “The thing recited.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00309-00144410-00145280 And the other is a set of stories recollected  about the prophet and his immediate disciples
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00310-00145280-00145480 and those are known as the Hadith.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00311-00145480-00145840 So those are the two fundamental sources  of Islamic tradition.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00312-00145840-00146770 And the fact is, that there is no explicit  and total rejection of war in the Quran, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00313-00146770-00147270 but there’s a lot of hedging around war to limit it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00314-00147270-00148110 It’s an attempt to limit war so that most Islamic  scholars feel that what you really come out
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00315-00148110-00148600 with is a justification for defensive limited war.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00316-00148600-00149310 Defensive meaning only when you’ve been  attacked or –and here where it sort of starts
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00317-00149310-00149820 to get fuzzy, of course, like they always do,  where other Muslims had been attacked,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00318-00149820-00150010 or the innocent have been attacked.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00319-00150010-00150620 And it’s limited in the sense that you always  want to leave the opportunity
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00320-00150620-00151000 for the defeated to be reconciled.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00321-00151000-00151260 You don’t practice a war of annihilation.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00322-00151260-00151960 You don’t – and they copied  many prescriptions from the Jewish tradition also.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00323-00151960-00152570 You don’t copy, you don’t destroy fruit trees,  oasis, things like that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00324-00152570-00153020 Probably, they would have added libraries  and museums.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00325-00153020-00153440 And that would have gotten us in a lot  of trouble in Iraq.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00326-00153440-00154030 So on the one hand, the one thing  that’s absolutely forbidden 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00327-00154030-00154370 is an aggressive war against the innocent.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00328-00154370-00154550 That God hates that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00329-00154550-00154830 We’re told that over and over again.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00330-00154830-00155280 And when you wage war, when you have  to wage war for your own protection
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00331-00155280-00155800 or the protection of the innocent, it’s to be done  without transgressing limits 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00332-00155800-00156260 because as the Quran says,  “God hates the transgressor.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00333-00156260-00157060 Okay, so this is not a god of absolute love  any more than the composite picture that you
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00334-00157060-00157380 end up with in the Judeo-Christian tradition.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00335-00157380-00158250 But quite apart from the question of war,  there are some surahs which establish
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00336-00158250-00158790 nonviolent principles,  whether they’re applied to war or not.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00337-00158790-00159600 Probably one of the most famous is –  this is 2:256, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00338-00159600-00160030 for those of you who want to rush out  and consult your Quran.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00339-00160030-00160470 “Therefore, listen not to the unbelievers,  but strive against them
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00340-00160470-00160910 with the utmost strenuousness with the Quran.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00341-00160910-00161390 In other words, with the book, not with the sword.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00342-00161390-00162440 And there was an expression in Jewish tradition,  “[Al satai siphed lo-sofair]
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00343-00162440-00162660 If the sword, then not the book.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00344-00162660-00162950 If the book, then not the sword.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00345-00162950-00163450 And there’s a Quranic verse – sorry.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00346-00163450-00163830 That was 25:52. This is 2:256.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00347-00163830-00164150 “Let there be no compulsion in religion.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00348-00164150-00164670 In other words, you should not, according to the  Quran itself, you should not convert anybody
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00349-00164670-00165280 forcibly because religion does not work that way.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00350-00165280-00166000 And then there’s another surah which  is apparently modeled on a verse from the Torah
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00351-00166000-00166670 which says, “If you save one person,  it is as though you’ve saved the entire people.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00352-00166670-00167340 Now why am I enthusiastic about that surrah?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00353-00167340-00168200 Why is that important for us?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00354-00168200-00168440 John, you want to try a stab at it?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00355-00168440-00168580 Student: [Unintelligible]
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00356-00168580-00168750 Michael: It sounds like person-power.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00357-00168750-00168970 Exactly, Yeah. If you remember, this is Stage 3.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00358-00168970-00169250 The sanctity is in the individual.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00359-00169250-00169830 In Stage 3 you never say what Stalin said,  apparently, “One death is a tragedy.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00360-00169830-00170080 A million deaths is a statistic.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00361-00170080-00170270 You never say that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00362-00170270-00170560 Each death is a tragedy and the numbers  are irrelevant.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00363-00170560-00171050 There’s really no such thing as more infinities  or bigger infinities.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00364-00171050-00171690 So once you – and the story goes on to say,  “If you save one person, it’s as though you
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00365-00171690-00171830 have saved the entire people.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00366-00171830-00172190 If you kill one person, it’s as though you  have killed the entire people.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00367-00172190-00172860 So the germ of the person, the sanctity  of the person is there.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00368-00172860-00173730 Another surah that’s very helpful for us, it starts,  “Oh, Insan, oh man,” 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00369-00173730-00173960 this is Allah speaking to humanity,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00370-00173960-00174600 “Oh man, I made you into tribes and  nations that you might discover 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00371-00174600-00175020 your unity with another,  not that you might despise one another.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00372-00175020-00175720 In other words, there is a confirmation  of both diversity and unity.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00373-00175720-00176190 And that’s exactly what we need  for a nonviolent world.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00374-00176190-00177000 You want to be aware of unity,  but not lose individual diversity.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00375-00177000-00177810 You cannot sacrifice swadharma for dharma. Okay?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00376-00177810-00178330 So I know this is very, very brief,  but I just – because we’ve spoken about Judaism
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00377-00178330-00178570 and about Christianity, I didn’t want  to leave Islam out.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00378-00178570-00178860 And also, because this is critically important  for us today.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00379-00178860-00179350 This non-clash of non-civilizations  that’s going on.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00380-00179350-00180060 Finally, there is one Hadith that I like very much  from this point of view.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00381-00180060-00180890 It seems that the prophet, peace be upon him,  was out riding one time with his companions
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00382-00180890-00181500 and he said, “Yes, if you are a good Muslim,  you must help everyone.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00383-00181500-00181980 And they said,  “Surely, you don’t mean that, right?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00384-00181980-00182290 You mean we must help a brother.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00385-00182290-00182530 We must help a victim.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00386-00182530-00182700 We must help an orphan.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00387-00182700-00183400 But you don’t mean we must help an oppressor,  because Islam is very, very against oppression.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00388-00183400-00183770 It’s not to say that there are not oppressive states  that are Muslim states, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00389-00183770-00184440 but again, this contrast between  the ideal and the real, right?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00390-00184440-00184730 But no, the Prophet says,  “No, I meant what I said.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00391-00184730-00185080 After all, that’s how I got to be a prophet, right?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00392-00185080-00185720 And you must help everyone,  brother or an oppressor.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00393-00185720-00186180 So then the befuddled companion says,  “How do you expect us to help an oppressor?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00394-00186180-00186620 And the prophet says,  “By preventing him from oppressing you.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00395-00186620-00187240 So that’s very sophisticated nonviolent logic.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00396-00187240-00188020 That you dislodge the British Raj in India partly  because you need to for your country
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00397-00188020-00188520 and your own people and your own culture,  but partly because they need it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00398-00188520-00188980 And, in fact, Kenneth Boulding,  whom I’ve mentioned before, is the author of
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00399-00188980-00189440 “Integrative Power,” and the other two kinds.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00400-00189440-00190000 He was an economist and he did some studies  showing that the British were ruining themselves
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00401-00190000-00190330 economically by holding onto India.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00402-00190330-00190500 Even economically.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00403-00190500-00190870 Not to mention morally, and all the rest of it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00404-00190870-00191550 So you have this robust faith that there is  such a thing as a win/win situation for every conflict
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00405-00191550-00192300 and your conflict with an oppressor  is not against him, but against the oppression.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00406-00192300-00192730 And it’s for his benefit as much as for your own.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00407-00192730-00193270 So with those elements, not that anybody kind of  knitted them together and said, “See, we have a
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00408-00193270-00193900 complete nonviolent theory here,” but all the  elements were embedded in the tradition.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00409-00193900-00194330 So the rest just became a matter  of compromising and practice.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00410-00194330-00195460 And in the 14th century there was a saint whose  name was Lalla Aziza who lived in Morocco.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00411-00195460-00196140 I’m just giving you one isolated episode  to illustrate the power of nonviolence
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00412-00196140-00196390 being recognized in the tradition.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00413-00196390-00196970 There was a general named Al-Hintati –  you don’t have to remember these names,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00414-00196970-00197540 but if you want amuse your friends,  especially your Muslim ones, I have all the facts here –
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00415-00197540-00198260 who was engaged in the struggle to bring  the whole of Morocco, southern Morocco under
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00416-00198260-00198920 his control and he was going after region after  region and subduing them with his army
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00417-00198920-00199480 in the traditional fashion where you force  the subdued regions to pay you tribute
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00418-00199480-00199660 and it gives you soldiers.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00419-00199660-00200260 And so you just get bigger and bigger and bigger  and pretty soon you have an ego like –
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00420-00200260-00200440 who was it?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00421-00200440-00200530 Frog and Toad?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00422-00200530-00200840 Did you ever read Frog and Toad stories?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00423-00200840-00201300 You remember that Frog and Toad story  where Frog is giving a lecture and Toad is
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00424-00201300-00201510 the only person in the audience.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00425-00201510-00201770 And Frog keeps saying, “I’m so great.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00426-00201770-00202360 And every time he says something like that,  Toad shoots back about five rows until finally
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00427-00202360-00202710 he can hardly see him, and he gets it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00428-00202710-00202990 And he says, “No, you know, Toad,  you’re my friend.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00429-00202990-00203160 I’m just an ordinary person.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00430-00203160-00203570 Every time, toad comes ten rows closer.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00431-00203570-00204280 So it’s really of the very simple way to get people –  they don’t see any end to the expansion
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00432-00204280-00204600 of their egotism and their material conquests.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00433-00204600-00205340 And he reached this area called Seksawa which  is where she lives up in the mountains.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00434-00205340-00205810 And he’s approaching Seksawa with 6000 men  to conquer it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00435-00205810-00206169 And when his forces drew near the mountains,  what should he meet,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00436-00206169-00206519 but this lone woman without any weapons.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00437-00206519-00206780 She just came down out of the mountains  and stood there.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00438-00206780-00207350 Very much like that guy in Tiananmen square,  that old man standing in front of the column
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00439-00207350-00208019 of tanks, and started to have a theological dispute  with him, and got him completely converted.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00440-00208019-00208350 He said, “She is a wonder.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00441-00208350-00208630 She answered before I could ask her anything.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00442-00208630-00209190 I have never witnessed a more penetrating proof  than that what she used against me.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00443-00209190-00209750 And he was completely talked out of his conquest,  turned his army around and went back.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00444-00209750-00210560 Now exactly a parallel story is told about Paris  about the invasions of the Huns when
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00445-00210560-00211519 Saint Genevieve, when the city had no military  power against them, she went out with her sisters
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00446-00211519-00211830 and created what they called, “A wall of prayer.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00447-00211830-00212219 And the Huns, whom I don’t even think were  Christianized at that time, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00448-00212219-00212440 they confronted with this.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00449-00212440-00212780 You had this two-fold phenomenon that I  was just telling you about.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00450-00212780-00213140 They’re shocked and they see that there’s  some other kind of power operating
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00451-00213140-00213400 in a world they don’t know what to do about it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00452-00213400-00213690 They don’t know how –  have anything to mobilize against it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00453-00213690-00213969 And she’s credited with saving Paris.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00454-00213969-00214640 Similarly, Saint Clair against the Saracens  and so forth.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00455-00214640-00215519 So the history of Islam does contain episodes  of nonviolence just as the history of Judaism
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00456-00215519-00215700 and the history of Christianity does.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00457-00215700-00216619 And it may be of special interest that in 1948,  in Iraq, the British were maneuvering
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00458-00216619-00217350 with their puppet sultan in Iraq to take over  the oil production.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00459-00217350-00217750 Tell me if this sounds familiar to you.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00460-00217750-00218169 And there was a popular nonviolent uprising.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00461-00218169-00218419 This time it’s not religious.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00462-00218419-00218569 This time it’s not a woman.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00463-00218569-00218769 This time it’s not a single powerless person.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00464-00218769-00218990 It’s more like people-power.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00465-00218990-00219710 And they were very persistent and they got  the government out of power and they got
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00466-00219710-00219919 the British to have to back down.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00467-00219919-00220590 So just think how the history of our world might  be different if somebody had remembered that,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00468-00220590-00221510 if they created a course called, “PACS164A-B,”  taught people how to do this aftershock and awe
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00469-00221510-00221830 had subsided, they could have delivered  another kind of shock.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00470-00221830-00222269 We could be facing a very,  very different world here today.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00471-00222269-00222590 Of course, you’re already familiar with the story  of Abdul Ghaffar Khan,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00472-00222590-00223200 but I wanted to say a hesitant word about  the First Intifada 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00473-00223200-00223669 because this is more about Muslim society
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00474-00223669-00224360 than about Islam because in its first phase  the Intifada in Palestine was –
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00475-00224360-00224640 they were proud to be a secular movement.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00476-00224640-00225100 It was a political struggle against  Israeli occupation and various attacks.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00477-00225100-00225530 It was not a question of Islam against Judaism.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00478-00225530-00226019 I don’t want to take the time now  to go into the Intifada.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00479-00226019-00226369 Maybe we’ll get a chance to talk  about it next semester.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00480-00226369-00227080 But it was a very popular – sorry,  a very successful series of popular resistance
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00481-00227080-00227619 movements coordinated by some people  who had studied with Gene Sharp.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00482-00227619-00228419 Okay, so there, I think that to be fair,  we’ve looked at Islam.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00483-00228419-00229190 And I think if you look at it closely you see  that really the situation is not qualitatively different
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00484-00229190-00229590 from the situation in Judaism or Christianity.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00485-00229590-00230240 And if you were to ask me why there’s always  this problem of accommodation?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00486-00230240-00230880 Why you have these texts and you have these  wonderful statements, as we’re going to see
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00487-00230880-00231160 in a minute, by Christian church fathers.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00488-00231160-00231480 You have these wonderful statements saying,  “We don’t get involved in war.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00489-00231480-00231600 We’re Christians.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00490-00231600-00232380 And that lasts up until the point at which  Christianity and the state more or less identified.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00491-00232380-00232700 And then it becomes a practical impossibility.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00492-00232700-00232930 So you have the same issue.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00493-00232930-00233569 You have the ideal of non-war confronting  the needs of defense
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00494-00233569-00233869 and whatever other needs people think they have.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00495-00233869-00234169 And then the accommodations  and the breakdowns start to happen.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00496-00234169-00234880 So I’m sure that the question on all of your  minds is, “How do we get out of this dilemma?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00497-00234880-00235030 Right?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00498-00235030-00235200 Isn’t what you’re all asking yourselves?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00499-00235200-00235330 Of course it is.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00500-00235330-00235900 I’ve come to think that the problem is  the negative approach.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00501-00235900-00236460 In other words, when we go into the issue saying  what are we forbidden to do,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00502-00236460-00236810 you will never come up with a practical solution.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00503-00236810-00237469 The practical solution will only be gained if you  say what power is available to us?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00504-00237469-00237940 Do you remember the wonderful anecdote  that I told you at least twice about
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00505-00237940-00238430 my friend Dan Ellsberg, that he had  these Pentagon papers and
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00506-00238430-00238640 the Xerox machines were right across the street?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00507-00238640-00238850 And what he should do with them?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00508-00238850-00239369 They were going to reveal the fact that there was  all of this lying going on about the Vietnam War.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00509-00239369-00239860 He was the only person who was capable  of revealing this to the American public.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00510-00239860-00240450 And he kept not being able to do it because  the thing that came up in his mind was,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00511-00240450-00240730 “What will happen to me if I do this?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00512-00240730-00241369 And then one day something snapped –  I had nothing to do with it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00513-00241369-00241580 I didn’t even know Dan at that time.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00514-00241580-00241730 Something snapped.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00515-00241730-00241969 Instead of saying,  “What will happen to me if I do this?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00516-00241969-00242310 He said, “Suppose I were willing to go to jail?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00517-00242310-00242519 Then what could I do?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00518-00242519-00242969 And immediately it became clear to him,  “As long as I’m willing to go to jail, they can’t
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00519-00242969-00243330 hold anything over me and I can do whatever  I want with these darn things.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00520-00243330-00243569 He said, “Come on Patricia, let’s go.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00521-00243569-00243990 And they walked across the street and started  Xeroxing it and it was made public
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00522-00243990-00244350 in the New York Times,  the Washington Post, and so forth.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00523-00244350-00244840 So in a kind of parallel way, this is what I mean  by the positive approach.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00524-00244840-00245619 If theologians and individuals, whoever they be,  were to be thinking, “What is nonviolence
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00525-00245619-00245769 and what can we do with it?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00526-00245769-00246390 Eventually you would work out a solution  to the criminal justice problem, the defense problem,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00527-00246390-00246560 all the other problems.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00528-00246560-00247169 And the reason it keeps on being a problem is  as a kind of moral shorthand, instead of saying,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00529-00247169-00247550 “Let’s work out what nonviolence is  and how to use it.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00530-00247550-00248110 Up until very recently people have been saying,  “The only way we can get people to change their
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00531-00248110-00248369 behavior is by telling them what they cannot do.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00532-00248369-00248800 And telling them what’s going to happen  to them if they do it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00533-00248800-00249269 And that approach, I think, lands you constantly  in these problems.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00534-00249269-00249880 So that’s my second big insight that I want  to share with you today –
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00535-00249880-00250340 the shock thing and now this.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00536-00250340-00251019 Alright, so let’s get back to the story  of the Christian West.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00537-00251019-00251760 I do want to emphasize, again, that what I  was talking about the ancient world
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00538-00251760-00252560 and in the ancient world there was  basically no such thing as atheism.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00539-00252560-00252969 I think I can say that without fear of contradiction.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00540-00252969-00253360 Have you ever seen that cartoon of a guy in  a radio station and saying,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00541-00253360-00253710 “And I think can I say without fear  of contradiction,” as somebody is about
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00542-00253710-00253930 to hit him over the head with a chair.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00543-00253930-00254590 But I think I can really say it, without fear  of contradiction, there was no such thing
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00544-00254590-00255090 as a serious atheistic commitment  in the ancient world.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00545-00255090-00255700 There was polytheistic and then there was  monotheistic and stages in between.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00546-00255700-00256080 For example, let me mention another  great scholar here.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00547-00256080-00257390 A good guy, a friend of mine, Peter Brock,  teaches at the University of Toronto –
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00548-00257390-00257710 or, “Tron-no” as they call it out there.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00549-00257710-00257930 The University of “Tron-no.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00550-00257930-00258719 He is the foremost scholar of pacifism in the west.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00551-00258719-00259110 Now talking about the war institution in particular.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00552-00259110-00259569 So pacifism if you define it as the refusal  to engage in war fighting.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00553-00259569-00260060 So it’s a negative thing,  not like the positive thing I was just talking about.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00554-00260060-00260580 He is a terrific historian and he knows a lot  of European languages and he’s written just
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00555-00260580-00261160 text after definitive text about the definitive –  about the history of pacifism.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00556-00261160-00261700 And one of the things that he’s shown is that  the kind of pacifism that we’re most familiar
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00557-00261700-00261990 with didn’t exist until early in the 20th century.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00558-00261990-00262430 Namely, “Humanistic,” or secular pacifism.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00559-00262430-00263170 When you had pacifism, for example,  among socialists – of which there was a lot –
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00560-00263170-00263730 their pacifism was that they  were against capitalist wars.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00561-00263730-00264270 They felt that capitalism would inevitably lead  to war and they didn’t want to fight
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00562-00264270-00264720 in those damn wars because they didn’t care  whether the German capitalists succeeded
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00563-00264720-00264920 in trouncing French capitalists.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00564-00264920-00265120 A plague on both their houses.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00565-00265120-00265470 It’s the workers that get sent off to get killed  in these wars.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00566-00265470-00265770 But that was the extent, for the most part.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00567-00265770-00266160 Of course, there are always individuals who  are different, but that was the extent
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00568-00266160-00266400 of their pacifism commitment.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00569-00266400-00266960 So it was like selective objection  and it really does not do us a whole lot of good in
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00570-00266960-00267370 and of itself to develop a nonviolent worldview.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00571-00267370-00268120 If you remember, in the Bhagavad Gita,  Arjuna is a selective pacifist, right?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00572-00268120-00269030 He is about to fight this war and he sees his  kinsmen on the other side – and kin bonds
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00573-00269030-00269520 are very, very much stronger in his culture  than they are in ours.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00574-00269520-00269670 And he says.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00575-00269670-00269830 “I can’t do this.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00576-00269830-00270480 And people are always surprised that Krishna  tells him, “You wimp.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00577-00270480-00270880 Whatever the Sanskrit word he uses for that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00578-00270880-00271030 “Get up off the floor of the chariot.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00579-00271030-00271200 Stop blubbering.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00580-00271200-00271610 Pick up your bow and let’s get back to work here.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00581-00271610-00272220 Now how could Krishna, the lord of love,  tell this warrior to get back into the fight?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00582-00272220-00272650 Because Arjuna’s objection to the fight was  he didn’t like this war.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00583-00272650-00272970 And Gandhi was quick to point that out.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00584-00272970-00273270 That’s not a legitimate position.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00585-00273270-00273730 You can’t say, “I have no objection to wars,  but please only give me the ones that I like.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00586-00273730-00273910 It doesn’t work that way.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00587-00273910-00274250 That you’re always going to –  they are always going to degenerate into ones
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00588-00274250-00274440 that you don’t like anyway.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00589-00274440-00275110 So not to confuse Arjuna’s objection to  the Mahabharata War as pacifism,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00590-00275110-00275580 and not to confuse socialist pacifism  with nonviolence.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00591-00275580-00275950 It’s a selective kind of objection, okay?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00592-00275950-00276940 So actual believers that war is wrong  because human life is sacred – if you can, I guess,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00593-00276940-00277620 you can still use that term in this context – and yet  not being embedded in a religious tradition
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00594-00277620-00277940 of some kind is a relatively modern phenomenon.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00595-00277940-00278110 Okay?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00596-00278110-00278700 So I have no objection to agnostic nonviolence  in our century, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00597-00278700-00279020 but I’m talking about the ancient world. Okay.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00598-00279020-00279560 I also need to retract a very unkind word  that I used last time.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00599-00279560-00280050 And I want to do this before  the Law of Karma catches up with me.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00600-00280050-00280520 I said that Saint Paul dehumanized Jesus.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00601-00280520-00280800 And I said that to shock you.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00602-00280800-00281180 Apparently it worked, especially in some quarters.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00603-00281180-00281850 But as Eli pointed out to me, what’s characteristic  about the theology of Paul is that for him,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00604-00281850-00282530 Jesus is fully human on the one hand, and he’s  also infused fully by the divine on the other hand.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00605-00282530-00283100 And I got carried away and was  rather anti-Pauline last time.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00606-00283100-00283840 And I’m sure that was wrong and I’m sure  that Christianity was a tremendous,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00607-00283840-00284230 was of tremendous benefit to ancient Europe.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00608-00284230-00285070 And I’m sure that Paul’s epistle on love is  an incredibly wonderful and powerful document.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00609-00285070-00285330 I use it as a meditation passage myself.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00610-00285330-00286120 The point was not to be – not to speak  limitingly or deprecatingly about the way
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00611-00286120-00286820 that Christianity cobbles together a set of texts  and a set of beliefs over a period
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00612-00286820-00286970 of four or five centuries in the West.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00613-00286970-00287550 But to say that today we don’t have to be  confined by that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00614-00287550-00288380 For various features of modern society,  what they decided in the Council of Trent in
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00615-00288380-00288830 4th century doesn’t have to be our Jesus.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00616-00288830-00289260 And we have an unusual opportunity  in the last 20 years, it seems to me,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00617-00289260-00289900 to rediscover Jesus and then do whatever  you want about it or with him.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00618-00289900-00290370 Because we believe in history,  we don’t know anything about history,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00619-00290370-00290710 but that doesn’t prevent us from believing it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00620-00290710-00291380 And because the scientific historical approach  has shown us a Jesus who is much,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00621-00291380-00291670 much more nonviolent than we had realized.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00622-00291670-00292290 And let me quote you something  from Crossan about that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00623-00292290-00293240 Yeah. If John or Jesus had lead a violent military  uprising, many of their followers
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00624-00293240-00293490 would have been crucified along with them.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00625-00293490-00294180 Jesus’ Kingdom Movement was instead  a programmatically nonviolent resistance.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00626-00294180-00294880 But emphatically, it confronted present economic,  social, and political realities.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00627-00294880-00295250 So apparently, you had, with this movement,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00628-00295250-00295720 the configuration that I was describing  in Gandhi’s career.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00629-00295720-00296190 That he was against the abuses  within his own community 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00630-00296190-00296630 and he was against the oppression  of his community from above.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00631-00296630-00297190 So you have lateral downward pointing  and upward pointing nonviolence.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00632-00297190-00297510 And that’s how you know that you’re  really dealing with the real thing.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00633-00297510-00298350 Okay, so what happens to this religion after Jesus’  summarily removed from the scene
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00634-00298350-00298900 which happened very, very quickly,  and which was a catastrophe 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00635-00298900-00299280 from which I don’t think we’ve  ever completely recovered.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00636-00299280-00299950 For about 300 years there’s this  powerful wave of spirituality 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00637-00299950-00300420 and it includes nonviolent commitments.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00638-00300420-00301240 So for example, you have  the church fathers like Lactantius.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00639-00301240-00301770 He’s now writing in the year 197  of the Common Era.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00640-00301770-00302670 And he says, “We who freeze at the thought  of all worldly glory,” you know, I don’t want tenure,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00641-00302670-00302960 I don’t want the Nobel Prize,  I don’t want a dream job.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00642-00302960-00303140 None of that stuff.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00643-00303140-00303720 “We who freeze at the thought of all worldly glory  have no need for political factions.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00644-00303720-00304120 Nothing is more foreign to us than the state.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00645-00304120-00304830 For there is only one state that we recognize  and that consists of the entire world.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00646-00304830-00305630 So this was fairly typical of –  here’s another statement of his.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00647-00305630-00306190 “When God forbids killing, he is not only  ordering us to avoid armed robbery,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00648-00306190-00306660 but he is forbidding what men regard as ethical.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00649-00306660-00307570 Thus, it is not right for a just man to serve in the army since justice itself is his form of service.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00650-00307570-00307850 Let me read you one other thing here.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00651-00307850-00308410 This is from Origen, who was one  of my absolute total favorites.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00652-00308410-00309030 I probably, as far ancient philosophy is concerned,  putting Plato in a separate category –
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00653-00309030-00309420 for me, it’s Heraclitus and Origen.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00654-00309420-00309580 They’re my main men.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00655-00309580-00310150 Origen said, “We Christians no longer take up  the sword against nations,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00656-00310150-00310380 nor we do learn to make war anymore.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00657-00310380-00310600 He’s obviously paraphrasing Micah.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00658-00310600-00311090 “Having become children of peace for the sake  of Jesus who is our leader.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00659-00311090-00311470 And no one fights better for the King than we do.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00660-00311470-00311780 This is the important point.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00661-00311780-00312140 So the first important point to pull out  what Lactantius is saying,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00662-00312140-00312740 is that if you’re a Christian, you cannot,  you do not, you will not worship the state.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00663-00312740-00313350 And that where the first round of accommodation  and the first round of difficulties is coming.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00664-00313350-00313890 And the second important point is that it’s  not strictly a negative commitment.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00665-00313890-00314290 He’s not saying,  “We’re not going to fight for you.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00666-00314290-00314660 He’s saying, “We’re fighting for you  in a better way than you can possibly understand.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00667-00314660-00314920 I feel really good about it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00668-00314920-00315870 I know when I was working for a Scottish doctor  in New York and I broke the news to him 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00669-00315870-00316390 that I was a conscientious objector because I actually  wanted him to write a recommendation for me.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00670-00316390-00316570 He was deeply shocked.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00671-00316570-00316810 He said [In Scottish accent],  “That means you’re taking all of these
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00672-00316810-00317190 benefits from society  and you’re not going to serve it at all.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00673-00317190-00317450 And I said, “No, Jack, it’s not like that.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00674-00317450-00317710 We would have gotten into a long argument.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00675-00317710-00318200 He was paying me and I had to wash test tubes  and that was the end of the argument.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00676-00318200-00318870 But this is extremely important,  to get a hold of the positive commitment.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00677-00318870-00319270 That we are a conscientious objector –  and don’t forget to go to
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00678-00319270-00319540 the Combatants for Peace talk tonight.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00679-00319540-00320060 I know Yonatan, at least, personally  and he’s a great guy, had a terrific revelation.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00680-00320060-00320490 I’m sure his Palestinian counterpart  is just as good.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00681-00320490-00321310 Once you step out of war fighting there  has to be some sense of what you’re stepping into.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00682-00321310-00321670 Otherwise, the commitment  will not be practicable.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00683-00321670-00322330 In fact, I’ve had this argument several times  with friends in Japan because, as you know,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00684-00322330-00322760 the Japanese Constitution –  it was not entirely their idea.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00685-00322760-00322890 It was partly our idea.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00686-00322890-00323330 We just finished bombing them so we got  to tell them what to write in their Constitution.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00687-00323330-00323610 But still, it was a good idea.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00688-00323610-00324490 Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution states,  “Japan will not wage war outside of its own borders.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00689-00324490-00324890 We will not go outside the border  of Japan with military force.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00690-00324890-00325690 And now they’re very unhappy because Japan is  taking a tilt to the right, duh, what else is new?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00691-00325690-00326190 And they are starting to reconsider Article 9.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00692-00326190-00326420 And you know what’s going to happen  when they’re reconsidering it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00693-00326420-00326950 So a lot of my Japanese friends are asking me  about this and what I told them was Article 9
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00694-00326950-00327100 was half of a commitment.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00695-00327100-00327540 You can say we’re not going to wage war,  and it’s a very noble thing
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00696-00327540-00327680 and I’m entirely in favor of it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00697-00327680-00328280 But the next clause has to be what you are  in favor of, how are you going to defend
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00698-00328280-00328720 Japan against something like China,  something like North Korea
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00699-00328720-00328950 if you’re not going to do it with weapons.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00700-00328950-00329430 Unless you see that,  you will not be able to hold on to the negative.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00701-00329430-00330070 So this is what is slowly going to happen  with the war commitment.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00702-00330070-00330900 And let’s take the other institution  that we’re so fond of scapegoating,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00703-00330900-00331570 talk about a form that scapegoating took on,  institutionalized, ritualized scapegoating
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00704-00331570-00331760 in the Roman Empire.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00705-00331760-00332940 And everybody who has seen Conan the Barbarian  or voted for the present Governor of California,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00706-00332940-00333710 everybody knows that there was this institution in  the Roman world called, “The gladiatorial combat.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00707-00333710-00334140 Le gladiateur,” it’s called in French.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00708-00334140-00335220 And they called them, “Games.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00709-00335220-00336550 And it seems to have started in the 3rd century BC  at the funeral of somebody called Brutus.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00710-00336550-00336730 Not the famous Brutus.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00711-00336730-00337260 That three pairs of gladiators would –  “gladiator” means, “sword-wielder.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00712-00337260-00337430 Gladius is sword.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00713-00337430-00338020 Gladiators, three pair of gladiators were set  to fight one another,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00714-00338020-00338290 sort of like a cockfight with people.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00715-00338290-00338610 And the crowd loved it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00716-00338610-00338950 You have to remember,  they hadn’t invented television yet.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00717-00338950-00339360 So the only recourse they had  was to do it with live people.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00718-00339360-00340280 And when you got to the time of Julius Caesar,  who was assassinated in 44 BC,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00719-00340280-00340890 the thing had grown to this obscene spectacle  where you could have 300 pairs
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00720-00340890-00341620 of fighters killing each other,  600 men out there in the arena killing each other.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00721-00341620-00341860 Now why does it keep getting so big?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00722-00341860-00342360 Because if you ask me,  and do you really have a choice?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00723-00342360-00343340 If you ask me, the reason it got so big  was that the thing is inherently dissatisfying.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00724-00343340-00344040 And there’s part of you that’s saying,  “Whoa, this is better than Hollywood 5-0 any day.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00725-00344040-00344300 And this is so exciting.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00726-00344300-00344650 I just love to see all that blood flowing  all over the place.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00727-00344650-00345080 But there’s a part of you  which is not being made happy by this.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00728-00345080-00345660 And as Freud pointed out very well, you get  into what’s called, “A repetition compulsion.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00729-00345660-00345920 And you just got to do it over and over again.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00730-00345920-00346130 The thing gets bigger and bigger.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00731-00346130-00346560 I mean if ice cream were capable  of making human beings happy,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00732-00346560-00347260 there would be one flavor of ice cream  and not 258 flavors, I think, at last count.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00733-00347260-00347990 It’s the same principle, in a kind of grotesque  application of the same principle.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00734-00347990-00348840 And as if this were not bad enough,  the Emperor Trajan in the year 107 of our era,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00735-00348840-00349040 when he had a triumph.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00736-00349040-00349330 You know, it’s a special state occasions like this.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00737-00349330-00349710 He had 5000 pairs of gladiators.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00738-00349710-00350060 You know, my combat is bigger than your combat.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00739-00350060-00350790 And there were shows going on in other towns  of the Roman Empire outside of Italy,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00740-00350790-00351130 as we can tell from the amphitheaters.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00741-00351130-00351870 And it’s a very – you know, if we had more time  I would go into the whole ritual with you.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00742-00351870-00352640 It’s extremely fascinating – anyone who’s getting  a PhD in anthropology should really study this.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00743-00352640-00352960 But I’m going to try and define it  to the part that’s of interest for us.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00744-00352960-00353610 Well, who are you going to get to go in there  and kill each other?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00745-00353610-00353900 Chiefly, slaves and criminals.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00746-00353900-00354360 So you’re starting to see an overlap here  with the criminal justice system.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00747-00354360-00354970 And you actually see a statement  by Cicero who was asked,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00748-00354970-00355240 “Do you think that these gladiatorial games  are good for the state?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00749-00355240-00355390 And he says, “Yes, I do.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00750-00355390-00355530 They are good for the state.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00751-00355530-00355650 They get rid of criminals.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00752-00355650-00356190 They amuse people,  part of the bread and circuses kind of thing.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00753-00356190-00356890 But above all, and I don’t think he was  conscious of this, to quote René Girard,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00754-00356890-00357790 “We have discovered at the heart of every religion  the same single central event that generates
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00755-00357790-00358100 its mythic significance and its ritual acts.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00756-00358100-00358840 The action of a crowd as it turns on someone  it adored yesterday and may adore tomorrow,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00757-00358840-00359450 and transforms him into a scapegoat  in order to secure by his death,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00758-00359450-00359750 a period of peace for the community.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00759-00359750-00360530 So that is ultimately what  the psychological function of these games is.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00760-00360530-00361320 Everybody is together in the audience, practicing  unanimous violence against the gladiators.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00761-00361320-00362070 And so many interesting things.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00762-00362070-00362400 But I’m just going to conclude  with how this ended.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00763-00362400-00363280 Obviously, the Christians felt a little bit  uncomfortable with this institution.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00764-00363280-00364030 It wasn’t sort of exactly what they thought Jesus  was about asking them to do.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00765-00364030-00364400 So they decided, you know,  they wouldn’t go there.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00766-00364400-00364900 And there’s a very gripping story  about Saint Augustine, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00767-00364900-00365280 one of his students, his name is Alypius.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00768-00365280-00365850 He made a vow that he wasn’t –  this would be probably around 300 AD.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00769-00365850-00366290 He made a vow, Alypius did,  that he would not go to the games.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00770-00366290-00366730 It was not a good a thing for a philosopher to do.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00771-00366730-00367010 He was not quite a Christian at that point yet,  Alypius wasn’t.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00772-00367010-00367420 But his philosophical commitment  was getting in that direction.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00773-00367420-00368120 And but he’s sitting around one night  and what do you know, the door bursts open
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00774-00368120-00368360 and in come the boys.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00775-00368360-00368740 And the boys say, “Hey Allyp, you know,  there’s this terrific 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00776-00368740-00369110 gladiatorial contest going on down in town.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00777-00369110-00369370 We’re way outside of Italy now.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00778-00369370-00369550 We’re in North Africa.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00779-00369550-00369920 And Alypius says, “No, no. Sorry.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00780-00369920-00370160 I don’t do that sort of thing anymore.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00781-00370160-00370340 It’s just not good.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00782-00370340-00370560 And they say, “Oh man.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00783-00370560-00370870 What a drag.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00784-00370870-00371230 And they start putting various kinds  of social pressure on him.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00785-00371230-00371500 And he succumbs, to an extent.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00786-00371500-00371670 He says, “All right, all right.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00787-00371670-00371830 I’ll come with you guys.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00788-00371830-00372310 But A, I’m not going to buy any popcorn  because I’m a vegan.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00789-00372310-00373180 And B,” he says – I just made up that part –  and B, “I’m not going to watch.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00790-00373180-00373270 Okay?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00791-00373270-00373470 I’ll keep you company,  but I’ll keep my eyes closed.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00792-00373470-00373840 They said, “We don’t care what you do  with your eyes. Just come along.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00793-00373840-00374140 And they said, “We feel good,” because,  obviously, they don’t feel all that great
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00794-00374140-00374370 themselves about going to the games.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00795-00374370-00374780 They want him to buy in so they will feel better,  which isn’t going to work.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00796-00374780-00375150 So then comes the really gripping story.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00797-00375150-00375860 He sits there, the fight is going on, and then comes  the climactic moment, one gladiator kills the other.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00798-00375860-00376380 The crowd roars with obscene excitement  and delight.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00799-00376380-00376880 And involuntarily Alypius’ eyes fly open.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00800-00376880-00377420 And then Augustine, with his poetic genius says,  “Then Alypius was more deeply wounded
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00801-00377420-00377840 than he whose blood was ebbing out on  the sands of the arena.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00802-00377840-00378500 Because he had lost control of his will,  violated his sense of self, and hurt him
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00803-00378500-00378940 more psychologically than the poor guy  who was bleeding to death.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00804-00378940-00379300 Okay, so this sets up are – do you have a question?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00805-00379300-00379500 This sets up our story.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00806-00379500-00380160 The gladiatorial games were finally forbidden  under Emperor Honorius 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00807-00380160-00380590 who ruled from 393 to 423.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00808-00380590-00380910 They probably didn’t completely disappear.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00809-00380910-00381560 They became CNN –  I mean they went underground in various ways.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00810-00381560-00382140 But now the famous story about how it happened.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00811-00382140-00382600 Apparently this story is true.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00812-00382600-00382780 We have two accounts of it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00813-00382780-00383070 There’s no reason to think that anybody  has made it up.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00814-00383070-00383620 They differ slightly in details, but ultimately,  it’s quite consistent.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00815-00383620-00384670 It concerns a monk whose name,  at least in one version, was Telemachus.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00816-00384670-00385190 And as you might guess from the name,  Telemachus, he is Greek.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00817-00385190-00385860 He’s living in Cappadocia in Asia Minor,  part of what is today, Turkey.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00818-00385860-00386560 And Telemachus must have been praying  or something and he hears the voice of God,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00819-00386560-00387140 always dangerous – remember what happened  to Gandhi – and the voice says to him,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00820-00387140-00387720 “Telemachus,” he calls in  the [unintelligible]
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00821-00387720-00388240 “Telemachus, I want you to go to Rome  and end the games.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00822-00388240-00388530 “You want me to what?”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00823-00388530-00388760 He said, “Yes, go to Rome.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00824-00388760-00389010 And these things are an abomination in my sight.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00825-00389010-00389240 I want you to stop them.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00826-00389240-00389730 So Telemachus then proceeds to walk  from Cappadocia to Rome,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00827-00389730-00390050 taking ships where there isn’t any road.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00828-00390050-00390550 And he gets there just as a big game is going on.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00829-00390550-00391350 And he walks straight into the amphitheatre,  he doesn’t even check in at the local Holiday Inn.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00830-00391350-00391670 He just walks right into the games.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00831-00391670-00391960 And these two men are facing off  against one another.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00832-00391960-00392240 They didn’t have very good security in those days.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00833-00392240-00392680 He walks right up to them and he says,  “Don’t do this.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00834-00392680-00392860 It’s not right.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00835-00392860-00393270 And they say,  “You know, we kind of didn’t like it ourselves.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00836-00393270-00393490 Thanks for that.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00837-00393490-00393650 That’s a good excuse.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00838-00393650-00393800 Hell with this, no fighting anymore.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00839-00393800-00394220 Put their swords down and walked away.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00840-00394220-00394340 Okay.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00841-00394340-00394550 Story is not over unfortunately.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00842-00394550-00395310 At this point the crowd was so frustrated  that they stormed down onto the arena
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00843-00395310-00395590 and they beat Telemachus to death.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00844-00395590-00396170 Okay, so I promised you there will be  a few stories in which nonviolence did not work.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00845-00396170-00396710 So far this is one of them,  but we’re not finished yet.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00846-00396710-00397300 It turns that Honorius himself was  in the audience and he was so revolted
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00847-00397300-00397670 by the reaction on the part of the people.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00848-00397670-00398120 You know, he thought it was this  nice controlled ritualized violence.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00849-00398120-00398450 And when it broke out of control he saw  how ugly it really was.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00850-00398450-00399210 He immediately goes back up to his scriptorium,  boots up one of his scribes, 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00851-00399210-00399960 and writes a re-script or an order forbidding the games.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00852-00399960-00400170 So that’s how it happened.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00853-00400170-00400600 It was historic and can be believed  and there’s no reason to think it cannot be.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00854-00400600-00401390 It was an act of pure nonviolent sacrifice  which did not work in the sense that
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00855-00401390-00401740 it wasn’t too healthy for Telemachus.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00856-00401740-00402550 But it definitely worked in the sense that it  accomplished the end game he was aiming at.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00857-00402550-00402910 Student: [Unintelligible]
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00858-00402910-00403720 Michael: Yeah.  Though I wonder because it did work.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00859-00403720-00404120 Student: [Unintelligible]
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00860-00404120-00404720 Michael: It got him killed, but nobody –  God did not say, “Go and stop the games 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00861-00404720-00405050 and I will guarantee you that you won’t get killed.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00862-00405050-00405400 It was just not part of the contract.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00863-00405400-00405880 It’s not like the famous conversation  that Alan Arkin has with Peter Falk
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00864-00405880-00406610 in a cafeteria in midtown Manhattan where he’s  trying to recruit him into the CIA.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00865-00406610-00406870 And he says, “But you have to stay alive.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00866-00406870-00407130 That’s the key to the whole benefits program.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00867-00407130-00407280 It was not like that.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00868-00407280-00407480 There was no guarantee.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00869-00407480-00407980 It’s like the death of Father Kolbe in Auschwitz.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00870-00407980-00408210 He did not bargain to get saved.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00871-00408210-00408570 All he bargained to do was to sacrifice himself  for another person 
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00872-00408570-00408970 and thereby to shock the Nazi’s  into seeing what they were doing.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00873-00408970-00409370 And it apparently was brilliantly successful  on that level.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00874-00409370-00409810 Now this bring us to another interesting point,  however.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00875-00409810-00410110 And that is the question of martyrdom.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00876-00410110-00410480 Is martyrdom violent or nonviolent?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00877-00410480-00411220 Now there are those who think – I just read  a quote recently that – talking about two millennia
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00878-00411220-00411760 of Jewish martyrdom, this commentator said,  “Nothing could be more pacifist than that,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00879-00411760-00411989 whether voluntary or not.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00880-00411989-00412580 That is not how we think about it in PACS164.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00881-00412580-00413100 Intention will have everything to do about it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00882-00413100-00413660 Accidentally getting killed has nothing to do  with sacrificing your life because you feel
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00883-00413660-00414180 that you’re in Stage 3 of the curve,  which Telemachus obviously was.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00884-00414180-00414739 You know, he’s one person against  an entire enormous mass of desire
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00885-00414739-00414910 to have these things go on.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00886-00414910-00415160 And he’s intervening at a very late stage.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00887-00415160-00415470 People are standing there with swords  at another’s throats.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00888-00415470-00416080 You cannot expect if you wait that long  to come out of it without some sacrifice.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00889-00416080-00416820 But so there’s this whole question of martyrdom  and there’s an interesting ambiguity about it,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00890-00416820-00417039 which I don’t think that we’re going  to be able to resolve.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00891-00417039-00417520 Certainly, it was the case that,  as Augustine pointed out,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00892-00417520-00418220 one of the things that led to the strength  of Christianity was that the early Christians,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00893-00418220-00418870 when they were attacked, they did not fight back,  but they allowed themselves to be martyred.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00894-00418870-00419489 But there was at least one group, probably several,  who were opposed to martyrdom,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00895-00419489-00419960 partly for the obvious reason  that you and I are opposed to martyrdom.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00896-00419960-00420310 All those who would like to get martyred,  stick your hands up please?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00897-00420310-00420450 I thought so.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00898-00420450-00421170 But there’s that obvious reason, but there’s also  another reason, that they did not want to
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00899-00421170-00421660 be part of this system, because they felt  that martyrdom was scapegoating
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00900-00421660-00422050 and, you know, it was unanimous violence.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00901-00422050-00422820 So there some Christian groups that –  the Donatists in North Africa and the Gnostics
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00902-00422820-00423400 before them, they were hated by the other  Christians, as you might imagine because here,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00903-00423400-00423760 the other Christians are getting themselves killed  and these people are wriggling out of it.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00904-00423760-00423950 You would tend to hate and despise them.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00905-00423950-00424710 But their reasoning was that you must not  participate in the system either as an executor,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00906-00424710-00425120 obviously, but also not as a victim.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00907-00425120-00425960 So they actually went partly underground  and disguised their Christianity until the spasm
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00908-00425960-00426460 of martyrdom had passed over.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00909-00426460-00427370 All right, well, I want to get just around in  the remaining few minutes to finish up the story
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00910-00427370-00428320 that Eli touched upon which is  the Christian commitment to war fighting.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00911-00428320-00429370 In the year 295 in North Africa there was  a young man who was 21 years-old.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00912-00429370-00429600 His name was Maximillianus.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00913-00429600-00430160 And they came to induct him into the army.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00914-00430160-00430800 And he said,  “[Non possum malem proceri, Cristianus sum.]
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00915-00430800-00431120 I cannot do this evil thing. I am a Christian.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00916-00431120-00431470 And so he was immediately executed.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00917-00431470-00432130 And he has been proposed as the patron saint  of conscientious objectors.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00918-00432130-00432950 So for about 300 years, Christians basically  did not serve in the armies.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00919-00432950-00433389 And that worked fairly well because it was  an all volunteer army.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00920-00433389-00433680 There was no draft, for the most part.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00921-00433680-00434210 There was these informal things that they  tried to do to Maximillianus.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00922-00434210-00434730 But there a came time when the emperor’s wars  were getting bigger and bigger
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00923-00434210-00434910 and they needed more troops.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00924-00434910-00435289 And especially more and more people  were becoming Christian.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00925-00435289-00435950 And if none of the Christians would fight,  you would have not enough men in the army.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00926-00435950-00436270 Like what we’re facing today in Iraq.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00927-00436270-00436920 And, you know, there’s only so many prisons  and shopping mall strips that you can go to
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00928-00436920-00437210 and recruit people who are down and out  to fill the ranks.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00929-00437210-00437520 And there comes a point where  you just need more men.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00930-00437520-00437989 So the tensions resolves itself  in a remarkable event.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00931-00437989-00438360 We assume that this is more or less historical.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00932-00438360-00439200 There was a pending battle in the year 312  at the Milvian Bridge where Constantine was
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00933-00439200-00439910 the Western emperor, was a rallying force  against the Eastern branches of Christianity.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00934-00439910-00440780 And just before the battle, apparently by his own  report, he had a dream in which he saw the cross.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00935-00440780-00441500 And it had this words appeared somehow saying,  “[In hoc signo vaca],” which means,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00936-00441500-00441910 “Using this symbol you will win,  you will prevail.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00937-00441910-00442470 Now the fact the is that he probably didn’t  even convert to Christianity, but he immediately
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00938-00442470-00443170 normalized Christian commitments  and stopped the persecutions.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00939-00443170-00443739 They would be fitful persecutions briefly  after that, but for the most part
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00940-00443739-00444070 the Roman persecution of Christians was over.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00941-00444070-00444480 And he paved the way for it to become  the state religion.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00942-00444480-00444989 Now once the religion is the same as the state,  of course, what Lactantius says,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00943-00444989-00445180 “We don’t recognize the state.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00944-00445180-00445310 That’s why we don’t kill.”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00945-00445310-00445460 That’s all over.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00946-00445460-00445980 So there’s a rather – from our point of view,  rather sickening turnaround.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00947-00445980-00446650 And within 100 years of this episode you had  to be a Christian in order to be
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00948-00446650-00446950 in the Roman legions.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00949-00446950-00447550 And there are wonderful mythological stories  that come along explaining how
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00950-00447550-00447760 this commitment works.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00951-00447760-00448070 There’s one tale, is called,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00952-00448070-00448739 “Duodecom legio Fulminata,  the Thunder blasted 12th Legion,”
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00953-00448739-00449220 which is about a legion that was  bivouacked in what is today, Switzerland.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00954-00449220-00449770 And it was – the camp was struck by lightning,  but nobody was hurt.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00955-00449770-00449989 And why was nobody hurt?
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00956-00449989-00450260 Because all the soldiers were Christian.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00957-00450260-00450660 That proves that being a Christian will get you  not killed.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00958-00450660-00451250 And it was the exact opposite  of what happened 100 years before.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00959-00451250-00451680 It was like the best way to get killed  by the Roman Empire – the best and the fastest.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00960-00451680-00452389 And so as some scholars say,  the barbarians militarized Christianity.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00961-00452389-00452989 Because of their attacks on the Roman Empire  and the need to defend it militarily it became
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00962-00452989-00453439 impossible in the 4th for Christians not to fight.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00963-00453439-00454030 Okay, well, looking at that institution,  war fighting and the others,
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00964-00454030-00454510 I think what I’ll do is talk  very briefly on Thursday
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00965-00454510-00455000 about how rediscoveries  and renewals kept happening.
i0gMgTpQ94Q-00966-00455000-00456460 And come down rather quickly  to the Quaker phenomenon in the 17th century.