H4eY48w3CzA-00000-00000504-00000987 Democracy is key to achieving the goals of theUnited Nations. H4eY48w3CzA-00001-00000987-00001240 Without democracy it is impossible H4eY48w3CzA-00002-00001240-00001604 to realize the fundamental values espoused by the UN H4eY48w3CzA-00003-00001704-00002000 -- sustainable development, peace and security, H4eY48w3CzA-00004-00002007-00002295 human rights, and gender equality.  H4eY48w3CzA-00005-00002316-00002768 As the onlyintergovernmental organization with an exclusive H4eY48w3CzA-00006-00002768-00003087 mandate to advance democracy worldwide, H4eY48w3CzA-00007-00003087-00003354 International IDEA has been a strategic H4eY48w3CzA-00008-00003360-00003740 partner for the UN for many many years.     H4eY48w3CzA-00009-00003896-00004304 Our research and on-the-ground technicalassistance provide comparative knowledge to H4eY48w3CzA-00010-00004304-00004550 assist policymakers at all levels, H4eY48w3CzA-00011-00004550-00004750 from theglobal to the local. H4eY48w3CzA-00012-00004800-00004962 We monitor the healthof democracy H4eY48w3CzA-00013-00004966-00005528 and share best practices on electoral processes, constitutionalism, H4eY48w3CzA-00014-00005528-00006056 and political participation, to support democratic institutions and practices H4eY48w3CzA-00015-00006056-00006236 around the world.   H4eY48w3CzA-00016-00006488-00007128 International IDEA helps pro-democracy actorstackle constitutional reform in the Gambia, H4eY48w3CzA-00017-00007208-00007516 develop deliberative local governments in Nepal, H4eY48w3CzA-00018-00007516-00007888 deploy domestic elections observers in Mozambique, H4eY48w3CzA-00019-00007888-00008216 and further women’s political participation in Paraguay. H4eY48w3CzA-00020-00008296-00008624 The Office of the Permanent Observer for International IDEA to H4eY48w3CzA-00021-00008630-00009020 the UN links our work advancing democracy H4eY48w3CzA-00022-00009020-00009471 to theUN agenda and advocates for democracy within the H4eY48w3CzA-00023-00009471-00009608 policies of the UN. H4eY48w3CzA-00024-00009621-00010112 We use our conveningpower to disseminate our policy-relevant H4eY48w3CzA-00025-00010112-00010627 work through events with our Member States  H4eY48w3CzA-00026-00010627-00010827 and other likeminded countries H4eY48w3CzA-00027-00010880-00011384 at the UN High-Level Political Forum and the General Assembly. H4eY48w3CzA-00028-00012176-00012406 Through knowledge production and consultations H4eY48w3CzA-00029-00012406-00012654 our work impacts UN deliberations and decisions, H4eY48w3CzA-00030-00012661-00012951 including those linked to the adoption of H4eY48w3CzA-00031-00012951-00013084 the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment.   H4eY48w3CzA-00032-00013352-00013747 We lead projects such as the SDG16 Data Initiative  H4eY48w3CzA-00033-00013747-00013836 which tracks progress H4eY48w3CzA-00034-00013836-00013989 in the implementation of SDG16  H4eY48w3CzA-00035-00013989-00014342 on peace, justiceand strong institutions. H4eY48w3CzA-00036-00014342-00014478 Alongside many partners, H4eY48w3CzA-00037-00014478-00014848 we promote the use of official and non-official data for monitoring progress H4eY48w3CzA-00038-00014848-00015584 on this vital goal, which is instrumental for achieving sustainable development. H4eY48w3CzA-00039-00015647-00016029 We also leverage our presence at the heartof the UN system H4eY48w3CzA-00040-00016029-00016244 to develop new alliances and H4eY48w3CzA-00041-00016244-00016763 strengthen partnerships with research centers anduniversities, government agencies and foundations, H4eY48w3CzA-00042-00016792-00017116 as well as regional and global organizations.   H4eY48w3CzA-00043-00017200-00017360 In the course of multilateral policy H4eY48w3CzA-00044-00017360-00017896 discussions, we bring democratic values closer tothe UN and the UN closer to democratic values. H4eY48w3CzA-00045-00018280-00018900 All too often UN debates shy away from theissue of democracy because H4eY48w3CzA-00046-00018900-00019078 it is perceivedas being too sensitive. H4eY48w3CzA-00047-00019174-00019595 Quite to the contrary,democratic values, institutions and practices H4eY48w3CzA-00048-00019656-00020100 will only help the UN deliver on its key mandates H4eY48w3CzA-00049-00020100-00020392 – protecting peace, advancing human rights, H4eY48w3CzA-00050-00020392-00020695 and making sure that no one is left behind. H4eY48w3CzA-00051-00020862-00021102 Through our status as Permanent Observers, H4eY48w3CzA-00052-00021168-00021822 International IDEA is proud to be one of the key voices for democracy within the UN. H6gqeVjeljE-00000-00000012-00000540 Hey guys! In this blender tutorial we're going to be creating this really cool procedural stylized H6gqeVjeljE-00001-00000540-00001038 rocks that conforms to any shape. I'm going to show you step by step how to easily create and H6gqeVjeljE-00002-00001038-00001638 customize it, and how to reuse it on different meshes. So let's get started! Firstly let's add H6gqeVjeljE-00003-00001638-00002508 a cube, so press Shift A, go to Mesh and Cube. Okay, so let me just come here first and enable Cavity H6gqeVjeljE-00004-00002508-00003204 so we can see the edges and the cavities a little better. Let me adjust these two values here as well H6gqeVjeljE-00005-00003486-00004014 All right, now I'm going to come here to the Modifier Properties and I'm going to bring H6gqeVjeljE-00006-00004014-00004668 in a new modifier. The first modifier will be a Remesh Modifie,r and the Remesh Modifier H6gqeVjeljE-00007-00004668-00005148 will add more faces to our mesh. Okay, so let me come here and change it to Wireframe, so we H6gqeVjeljE-00008-00005148-00005682 can see what the modifier is doing. All right, so it basically adds more faces to our mesh H6gqeVjeljE-00009-00005796-00006462 I'm going to change the voxel size to 0.025. So bear in mind that the smaller the H6gqeVjeljE-00010-00006462-00006990 voxel size the more quads it's going to add to our mesh, so it'll take longer to process H6gqeVjeljE-00011-00006990-00007470 but I think this value is quite reasonable. All right, so let me go back to Solid View H6gqeVjeljE-00012-00007608-00007973 And now let's add a Displace Modifier to start getting the rocks shape H6gqeVjeljE-00013-00008244-00008946 I'm going to change the strength to something like 0.09, and I'm going to click here to add a H6gqeVjeljE-00014-00008946-00009576 new texture, and I'm going to rename the texture to RockLayer1. Because we can add more layers H6gqeVjeljE-00015-00009576-00010152 in the future, if we want to. Now I'm going to click here to go to the Texture tab, and the H6gqeVjeljE-00016-00010152-00010776 texture we've just created is already selected. So I'm going to change the type to Musgrave H6gqeVjeljE-00017-00010986-00011340 and I'm going to change the Noise Basis to Voronoi F2-F1 H6gqeVjeljE-00018-00011496-00011880 All right, now I'm going to change this size to 0.6 H6gqeVjeljE-00019-00012060-00012666 and I'm going to come here to the Colors Tab and enable Color Ramp, click here to see the Color Ramp H6gqeVjeljE-00020-00012810-00013410 I'm going to add a new slide. I'm going to drag it to something like, here I think it's okay H6gqeVjeljE-00021-00013560-00014100 and I'm going to click here to adjust the color so we can change our texture. If I make it darker H6gqeVjeljE-00022-00014100-00014819 The space between the rocks becomes softer, as you can see. And if I make it more white, the H6gqeVjeljE-00023-00014819-00015360 space is going to be deeper and stronger. So, you can see what works better for you. H6gqeVjeljE-00024-00015660-00015947 I'm going to leave it like, here I think is okay! H6gqeVjeljE-00025-00016284-00016842 So, now we're gonna bring in a Decimate Modifier, so our mesh doesn't get too high poly. H6gqeVjeljE-00026-00017046-00017334 So you can see here that the Face Count is quite high right now. H6gqeVjeljE-00027-00017394-00017832 And, as soon as I change the ratio to 0.1, the face count gets much lower. H6gqeVjeljE-00028-00017970-00018420 So, now I'm gonna bring you another Decimate Modifier, but this time I'm going to set it to H6gqeVjeljE-00029-00018420-00019296 Planar, and I'm going to set the Angle Limit to 10, and enable All Boundaries. All right, the Face H6gqeVjeljE-00030-00019296-00019866 Count is much lower now, and I think it looks nicer. So, now I'm going to bring in a Bevel Modifier H6gqeVjeljE-00031-00020070-00020304 I'm going to change the Width Type to Percent H6gqeVjeljE-00032-00020526-00020796 I'm going to change the Width Percent to 5, H6gqeVjeljE-00033-00021096-00021318 and I'm going to change the Angle to 20 degrees. H6gqeVjeljE-00034-00021498-00022068 All right, so I think it looks a bit blocky now, so I'm gonna select the object right click H6gqeVjeljE-00035-00022068-00022500 and Shade Auto Smooth and I'm gonna bringin a Smooth Modifier to smooth things out, H6gqeVjeljE-00036-00022758-00023358 And I'm going to set Repeat to 3. Okay, so now to make it look better, let's bring in a H6gqeVjeljE-00037-00023358-00023856 Weighted Normal Modifier, and what this modifier does, it basically recalculates H6gqeVjeljE-00038-00023856-00024270 the normals for each face improving how light interacts with the surface. H6gqeVjeljE-00039-00024486-00024858 So if I turn off the modifier you can see how it improves the mesh. H6gqeVjeljE-00040-00025074-00025554 So now I'm going to add a Triangulate Modifier, because we have a lot of ngons on our mesh. H6gqeVjeljE-00041-00025614-00026033 Let me turn off the Triangulate Modifier for just a second, so you can see what I'm talking about. H6gqeVjeljE-00042-00026118-00026598 Right, so as you can see we have a lot of ngons, so you don't want these ngons if H6gqeVjeljE-00043-00026598-00027060 you're going to export this object to other software like Zbrush or H6gqeVjeljE-00044-00027060-00027492 Maya for example, so that's why we're going to use the Triangulate Modifier. H6gqeVjeljE-00045-00027714-00028188 And we need to enable Keep Normals. So, it looks good, but I think we can make H6gqeVjeljE-00046-00028188-00028602 it look better. So, I'm gonna add another Displace Modifier to add more details H6gqeVjeljE-00047-00028602-00029039 to it. So, what I'm going to do, I'm going to click here and duplicate this modifier H6gqeVjeljE-00048-00029442-00029958 I'm gonna unlink this texture because we're going to create a new one. Right, so click new H6gqeVjeljE-00049-00030095-00030612 and I'm going to rename it to RockLayer2. Click here again to go to the Texture H6gqeVjeljE-00050-00030612-00031283 tab. All right, so we already have the musgrave selected, so I'm going to adjust the size to 0.4, H6gqeVjeljE-00051-00031595-00031962 and I'm gonna go back here and change the strength to 0.02. H6gqeVjeljE-00052-00032274-00032586 And now, as you can see, we added more details to our rocks. H6gqeVjeljE-00053-00032814-00033012 So, here's without the new Displace H6gqeVjeljE-00054-00033228-00033678 and this is the result with it. You don't need to use the second displace, if you H6gqeVjeljE-00055-00033678-00034074 don't want to, it's totally up to you. But I like it better with more details. H6gqeVjeljE-00056-00034374-00034854 Okay, so now I think this edges here are a bit sharp, so what I'm gonna do, I'm gonna H6gqeVjeljE-00057-00034854-00035472 add a Bevel Modifier, and I'm gonna place it right here on the top to be the first modifier, H6gqeVjeljE-00058-00035556-00036078 and I'm gonna change the Segments to 2. All right, I think it looks way better. H6gqeVjeljE-00059-00036294-00036618 Right, so let me just go to Edit Mode and extrude some H6gqeVjeljE-00060-00036618-00036900 faces so you can see that it conforms to any shape H6gqeVjeljE-00061-00037470-00038100 So, let me go back to Object Mode to see the result, and yeah there we go it looks really nice. H6gqeVjeljE-00062-00038220-00038562 Okay, so let me just show you how to reuse it on different meshes H6gqeVjeljE-00063-00038562-00038784 So, let me just create a different mesh real quick. H6gqeVjeljE-00064-00039276-00039864 All right, okay, so now you have to select this new object, hold Shift, and select the rocks, H6gqeVjeljE-00065-00040014-00040716 press Ctrl l and Copy Modifiers, okay, so now you have to apply this scale. H6gqeVjeljE-00066-00040932-00041334 All right, and the last thing, right click and Shade Auto Smooth. H6gqeVjeljE-00067-00041562-00042264 And there we go! All right, that's it! If you enjoyed this video, just click the like button and hit H6gqeVjeljE-00068-00042264-00042690 subscribe to help this content reach more people. Thanks for watching and see in the next video! HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00000-00000000-00000100 Im your king HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00001-00000100-00000427 and you follow my rules HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00002-00000427-00000700 No you don't HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00003-00000700-00001101 you're just a stupid yoshi HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00004-00001101-00001151 breathing sounds HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00005-00001151-00001351 NO IM NOT! HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00006-00001380-00002148 okay then get him ??? no no please HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00007-00002319-00002502 AHATAAA NOOOOOOOOOO HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00008-00002602-00002719 AHHATAAA HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00009-00002719-00002902 AHH STOP IT HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00010-00002902-00003149 OH NO IM NAKED HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00011-00003149-00003400 siuhsdouhasodaodihdoihasdioas um HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00012-00003644-00003700 *deadly breathing sound* HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00013-00003803-00004067 IM NAKED!!! AAAA HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00014-00004103-00004184 OUHHH HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00015-00004230-00004411 STOP RECORDING HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00016-00004445-00004521 AHHHHHH HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00017-00004554-00004908 HAHA.... YOU'RE..... NAKED... HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00018-00004938-00005302 *BLUSHING EMBRASSED SOUNDS* HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00019-00005302-00006016 AHHH NOOOOOOO...MY ROYAL......PARTS ARE SHOWING HrFqPQuQ2Uc-00020-00006016-00006503 AHHH OUCH OUCH AHHHHH *SCREAMING SOUNDS IG* DHAFAOSWHDOIHASIODCHXNWSAOPIHFOAWSJUGVOPASZHNFCPASJHFPOJASDEPFCJASOP[FJPOSDJFCPDESJFCOP YOSHI GREEN SUCKS HrPQw8QrVNE-00000-00000010-00000073 DOWNSTREAM FROM DORA LAKE AT TH HrPQw8QrVNE-00001-00000073-00000080 DOWNSTREAM FROM DORA LAKE AT TH HrPQw8QrVNE-00002-00000080-00000146 DOWNSTREAM FROM DORA LAKE AT TH ITASCA COUNTY ROAD 31 CROSSING HrPQw8QrVNE-00003-00000146-00000153 DOWNSTREAM FROM DORA LAKE AT TH ITASCA COUNTY ROAD 31 CROSSING HrPQw8QrVNE-00004-00000153-00000377 DOWNSTREAM FROM DORA LAKE AT TH ITASCA COUNTY ROAD 31 CROSSING NEAR WIRT. >>> VOTERS IN THE HrPQw8QrVNE-00005-00000377-00000383 ITASCA COUNTY ROAD 31 CROSSING NEAR WIRT. >>> VOTERS IN THE HrPQw8QrVNE-00006-00000383-00000497 ITASCA COUNTY ROAD 31 CROSSING NEAR WIRT. >>> VOTERS IN THE CASS LAKE BENA SCHOOL DISTRICT HrPQw8QrVNE-00007-00000497-00000503 NEAR WIRT. >>> VOTERS IN THE CASS LAKE BENA SCHOOL DISTRICT HrPQw8QrVNE-00008-00000503-00001311 NEAR WIRT. >>> VOTERS IN THE CASS LAKE BENA SCHOOL DISTRICT ARE JUST ONE WEEK FROM VOTING ON HrPQw8QrVNE-00009-00001311-00001317 CASS LAKE BENA SCHOOL DISTRICT ARE JUST ONE WEEK FROM VOTING ON HrPQw8QrVNE-00010-00001317-00001688 CASS LAKE BENA SCHOOL DISTRICT ARE JUST ONE WEEK FROM VOTING ON A $37 MILLION-DOLLAR BOND HrPQw8QrVNE-00011-00001688-00001695 ARE JUST ONE WEEK FROM VOTING ON A $37 MILLION-DOLLAR BOND HrPQw8QrVNE-00012-00001695-00001758 ARE JUST ONE WEEK FROM VOTING ON A $37 MILLION-DOLLAR BOND REFERENDUM THAT COULD PAVE THE HrPQw8QrVNE-00013-00001758-00001764 A $37 MILLION-DOLLAR BOND REFERENDUM THAT COULD PAVE THE HrPQw8QrVNE-00014-00001764-00001825 A $37 MILLION-DOLLAR BOND REFERENDUM THAT COULD PAVE THE WAY FOR A NEW THIRD THROUGH HrPQw8QrVNE-00015-00001825-00001831 REFERENDUM THAT COULD PAVE THE WAY FOR A NEW THIRD THROUGH HrPQw8QrVNE-00016-00001831-00001901 REFERENDUM THAT COULD PAVE THE WAY FOR A NEW THIRD THROUGH FIFTH GRADE INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL HrPQw8QrVNE-00017-00001901-00001908 WAY FOR A NEW THIRD THROUGH FIFTH GRADE INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL HrPQw8QrVNE-00018-00001908-00001965 WAY FOR A NEW THIRD THROUGH FIFTH GRADE INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL IF VOTERS SAY YES TO THE HrPQw8QrVNE-00019-00001965-00001971 FIFTH GRADE INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL IF VOTERS SAY YES TO THE HrPQw8QrVNE-00020-00001971-00002035 FIFTH GRADE INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL IF VOTERS SAY YES TO THE REFERENDUM THE NEW SCHOOL WILL HrPQw8QrVNE-00021-00002035-00002042 IF VOTERS SAY YES TO THE REFERENDUM THE NEW SCHOOL WILL HrPQw8QrVNE-00022-00002042-00002108 IF VOTERS SAY YES TO THE REFERENDUM THE NEW SCHOOL WILL BE LOCATED NEAR THE CURRENT CASS HrPQw8QrVNE-00023-00002108-00002115 REFERENDUM THE NEW SCHOOL WILL BE LOCATED NEAR THE CURRENT CASS HrPQw8QrVNE-00024-00002115-00002375 REFERENDUM THE NEW SCHOOL WILL BE LOCATED NEAR THE CURRENT CASS LAKE BENA MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIG HrPQw8QrVNE-00025-00002375-00002382 BE LOCATED NEAR THE CURRENT CASS LAKE BENA MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIG HrPQw8QrVNE-00026-00002382-00002452 BE LOCATED NEAR THE CURRENT CASS LAKE BENA MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIG THE 75,000-SQUARE FOOT STRUCTUR HrPQw8QrVNE-00027-00002452-00002459 LAKE BENA MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIG THE 75,000-SQUARE FOOT STRUCTUR HrPQw8QrVNE-00028-00002459-00002559 LAKE BENA MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIG THE 75,000-SQUARE FOOT STRUCTUR WILL FEATURE A LARGER GYM THAT HrPQw8QrVNE-00029-00002559-00002565 THE 75,000-SQUARE FOOT STRUCTUR WILL FEATURE A LARGER GYM THAT HrPQw8QrVNE-00030-00002565-00002859 THE 75,000-SQUARE FOOT STRUCTUR WILL FEATURE A LARGER GYM THAT WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR COMMUNITY HrPQw8QrVNE-00031-00002859-00002866 WILL FEATURE A LARGER GYM THAT WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR COMMUNITY HrPQw8QrVNE-00032-00002866-00003086 WILL FEATURE A LARGER GYM THAT WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR COMMUNITY THE NEW SCHOOL WOULD ALSO BE HrPQw8QrVNE-00033-00003086-00003093 WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR COMMUNITY THE NEW SCHOOL WOULD ALSO BE HrPQw8QrVNE-00034-00003093-00003183 WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR COMMUNITY THE NEW SCHOOL WOULD ALSO BE HOME TO THE DISTRICTS OFFICES. HrPQw8QrVNE-00035-00003183-00003189 THE NEW SCHOOL WOULD ALSO BE HOME TO THE DISTRICTS OFFICES. HrPQw8QrVNE-00036-00003189-00003349 THE NEW SCHOOL WOULD ALSO BE HOME TO THE DISTRICTS OFFICES. WITH AN INCREASE IN ENROLLMENT, HrPQw8QrVNE-00037-00003349-00003356 HOME TO THE DISTRICTS OFFICES. WITH AN INCREASE IN ENROLLMENT, HrPQw8QrVNE-00038-00003356-00003446 HOME TO THE DISTRICTS OFFICES. WITH AN INCREASE IN ENROLLMENT, THE SCHOOL DISTRICT IS LOOKING HrPQw8QrVNE-00039-00003446-00003453 WITH AN INCREASE IN ENROLLMENT, THE SCHOOL DISTRICT IS LOOKING HrPQw8QrVNE-00040-00003453-00003850 WITH AN INCREASE IN ENROLLMENT, THE SCHOOL DISTRICT IS LOOKING FOR WAYS TO GROW. HrPQw8QrVNE-00041-00003850-00003857 THE SCHOOL DISTRICT IS LOOKING FOR WAYS TO GROW. HrPQw8QrVNE-00042-00003857-00004120 THE SCHOOL DISTRICT IS LOOKING FOR WAYS TO GROW. >> WE'D LIKE TO EXPAND OUR EARLY HrPQw8QrVNE-00043-00004120-00004127 FOR WAYS TO GROW. >> WE'D LIKE TO EXPAND OUR EARLY HrPQw8QrVNE-00044-00004127-00004250 FOR WAYS TO GROW. >> WE'D LIKE TO EXPAND OUR EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAM AND WE DON'T HrPQw8QrVNE-00045-00004250-00004257 >> WE'D LIKE TO EXPAND OUR EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAM AND WE DON'T HrPQw8QrVNE-00046-00004257-00004434 >> WE'D LIKE TO EXPAND OUR EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAM AND WE DON'T HAVE 0 ROOM TO TO THAT. HrPQw8QrVNE-00047-00004434-00004441 CHILDHOOD PROGRAM AND WE DON'T HAVE 0 ROOM TO TO THAT. HrPQw8QrVNE-00048-00004441-00004564 CHILDHOOD PROGRAM AND WE DON'T HAVE 0 ROOM TO TO THAT. BECAUSE WE CAN'T EXPAND THAT, HrPQw8QrVNE-00049-00004564-00004571 HAVE 0 ROOM TO TO THAT. BECAUSE WE CAN'T EXPAND THAT, HrPQw8QrVNE-00050-00004571-00004838 HAVE 0 ROOM TO TO THAT. BECAUSE WE CAN'T EXPAND THAT, WE'RE MISSING OUT ON SOME STATE HrPQw8QrVNE-00051-00004838-00004844 BECAUSE WE CAN'T EXPAND THAT, WE'RE MISSING OUT ON SOME STATE HrPQw8QrVNE-00052-00004844-00004871 BECAUSE WE CAN'T EXPAND THAT, WE'RE MISSING OUT ON SOME STATE FUNDING. HrPQw8QrVNE-00053-00004871-00004878 WE'RE MISSING OUT ON SOME STATE FUNDING. HrPQw8QrVNE-00054-00004878-00005101 WE'RE MISSING OUT ON SOME STATE FUNDING. WE HAVE HAD TO CLOSE OUR DOORS HrPQw8QrVNE-00055-00005101-00005108 FUNDING. WE HAVE HAD TO CLOSE OUR DOORS HrPQw8QrVNE-00056-00005108-00005351 FUNDING. WE HAVE HAD TO CLOSE OUR DOORS ON OPEN ENROLLMENT UP ALL THE HrPQw8QrVNE-00057-00005351-00005358 WE HAVE HAD TO CLOSE OUR DOORS ON OPEN ENROLLMENT UP ALL THE HrPQw8QrVNE-00058-00005358-00005505 WE HAVE HAD TO CLOSE OUR DOORS ON OPEN ENROLLMENT UP ALL THE WAY UP TO THE 8th GRADE NOW HrPQw8QrVNE-00059-00005505-00005512 ON OPEN ENROLLMENT UP ALL THE WAY UP TO THE 8th GRADE NOW HrPQw8QrVNE-00060-00005512-00005719 ON OPEN ENROLLMENT UP ALL THE WAY UP TO THE 8th GRADE NOW BECAUSE THE BUILDINGS ARE FILLED HrPQw8QrVNE-00061-00005719-00005725 WAY UP TO THE 8th GRADE NOW BECAUSE THE BUILDINGS ARE FILLED HrPQw8QrVNE-00062-00005725-00005765 WAY UP TO THE 8th GRADE NOW BECAUSE THE BUILDINGS ARE FILLED TO CAPACITY. HrPQw8QrVNE-00063-00005765-00005772 BECAUSE THE BUILDINGS ARE FILLED TO CAPACITY. HrPQw8QrVNE-00064-00005772-00006029 BECAUSE THE BUILDINGS ARE FILLED TO CAPACITY. IF WE WANT TO KEEP THE CLASS HrPQw8QrVNE-00065-00006029-00006036 TO CAPACITY. IF WE WANT TO KEEP THE CLASS HrPQw8QrVNE-00066-00006036-00006126 TO CAPACITY. IF WE WANT TO KEEP THE CLASS SIZES DOWN AND EXPAND OUR Hs6zPSm9V5E-00000-00000000-00000078 He loves that. / Are you video taping? Hs6zPSm9V5E-00001-00000100-00000156 Yes I am. Hs6zPSm9V5E-00002-00000156-00000218 That's wrong! Hs6zPSm9V5E-00003-00000231-00000316 Why? (giggles) Hs6zPSm9V5E-00004-00000346-00000420 Are you a what? Hs6zPSm9V5E-00005-00000422-00000536 She's video taping. Hs6zPSm9V5E-00006-00000548-00000630 She is! She is! Hs6zPSm9V5E-00007-00000636-00000686 No I like Hs6zPSm9V5E-00008-00000686-00000744 Debate it. Hs6zPSm9V5E-00009-00000756-00000896 Debate it into the camera. Hs6zPSm9V5E-00010-00000896-00001082 (giggles) I can't do it. Hs6zPSm9V5E-00011-00001102-00001226 It will give me more footage. Hs6zPSm9V5E-00012-00001254-00001338 No Hs6zPSm9V5E-00013-00001344-00001478 I don't like footage. Hs6zPSm9V5E-00014-00001484-00001722 i like footage of other people but not footage of me. (giggles) Hs6zPSm9V5E-00015-00001723-00001823 I know. Me too. Hs6zPSm9V5E-00016-00001838-00001922 But you just gotta go with it. Hs6zPSm9V5E-00017-00001922-00001972 No I don't HsEs4XF6G0u-00000-00000000-00000484 Hello, everyone. HsEs4XF6G0u-00001-00000484-00001203 Today, I'll show you tips for changing the MI Band 4 wallpapers. HsEs4XF6G0u-00002-00001203-00001837 First of all, you need to download the application. This application is a Chinese application. HsEs4XF6G0u-00003-00001837-00002161 So Chinese and English only support HsEs4XF6G0u-00004-00002161-00002567 I am relieved that I can still change HsEs4XF6G0u-00005-00002567-00002774 Once I got it down. HsEs4XF6G0u-00006-00002774-00003084 If you need HsEs4XF6G0u-00007-00003084-00003956 I will leave it to you so please download it HsEs4XF6G0u-00008-00003956-00004710 I installed it after I downloaded it. This app is HsEs4XF6G0u-00009-00004710-00005061 When you turn on the APP, HsEs4XF6G0u-00010-00005061-00005553 On top of that, it also changes the Chinese language to English. HsEs4XF6G0u-00011-00005553-00005761 You can also do it in Chinese. HsEs4XF6G0u-00012-00005761-00005853 I'm going to change to English. HsEs4XF6G0u-00013-00005853-00006103 I'll change it to English because it's easy. HsEs4XF6G0u-00014-00006103-00006237 if you change to English HsEs4XF6G0u-00015-00006237-00006498 This is called select watch face HsEs4XF6G0u-00016-00006498-00007356 If you press this one, you will pick one of the basic watch faces. HsEs4XF6G0u-00017-00007356-00007995 I'll pick this one out. HsEs4XF6G0u-00018-00007995-00008109 Pick this. HsEs4XF6G0u-00019-00008109-00008525 This watch face is the base when you make your choice. HsEs4XF6G0u-00020-00008525-00008820 I want to change my own picture here. HsEs4XF6G0u-00021-00008820-00009055 Then you can press this picture HsEs4XF6G0u-00022-00009055-00009318 Yes, there are two things in Chinese. HsEs4XF6G0u-00023-00009318-00009610 Under this HsEs4XF6G0u-00024-00009610-00010090 It's written like this HsEs4XF6G0u-00025-00010090-00010485 If you press this, you will get a photo album. HsEs4XF6G0u-00026-00010485-00010978 I picked this one HsEs4XF6G0u-00027-00010978-00011463 You can adjust the size with your fingers like this. HsEs4XF6G0u-00028-00011463-00012163 Okay, if you press it, it will be set like this. HsEs4XF6G0u-00029-00012163-00012325 Is it set up? HsEs4XF6G0u-00030-00012325-00012826 With this setting, you can name anything just 1234 HsEs4XF6G0u-00031-00012826-00013247 1234 You can build something like this. HsEs4XF6G0u-00032-00013247-00013518 And I do not have to do a lot of intros. HsEs4XF6G0u-00033-00013518-00013805 You can even erase the intron. HsEs4XF6G0u-00034-00013805-00013972 But this is also 1 2 3 1 2 HsEs4XF6G0u-00035-00013972-00014474 3 4 Please do this. HsEs4XF6G0u-00036-00014474-00014737 And below this, HsEs4XF6G0u-00037-00014737-00015233 I have a button called elements. HsEs4XF6G0u-00038-00015233-00015751 You can put your custom functions. HsEs4XF6G0u-00039-00015751-00016391 if you look at the time, pedometer performance HsEs4XF6G0u-00040-00016391-00016838 I can put these things one by one. HsEs4XF6G0u-00041-00016838-00017089 But if I keep putting this in HsEs4XF6G0u-00042-00017089-00017583 It says it can not be made because the capacity is exceeded. HsEs4XF6G0u-00043-00017583-00018001 So you have to be careful about its capacity. HsEs4XF6G0u-00044-00018001-00018343 Here at the bottom, HsEs4XF6G0u-00045-00018343-00018563 There's one in Chinese. HsEs4XF6G0u-00046-00018563-00018807 This can be used to insert A moving picture HsEs4XF6G0u-00047-00018807-00019224 If you look at this too, HsEs4XF6G0u-00048-00019224-00019347 You have to be careful. HsEs4XF6G0u-00049-00019347-00019675 I'm trying to put this in. HsEs4XF6G0u-00050-00019675-00020067 I could not install it because the capacity was exceeded. HsEs4XF6G0u-00051-00020067-00020436 Once, though, you have to show up. HsEs4XF6G0u-00052-00020436-00020677 I'll try. HsEs4XF6G0u-00053-00020677-00020922 Yes, you can see here. HsEs4XF6G0u-00054-00020922-00021307 Press SELECT to see the same word HsEs4XF6G0u-00055-00021307-00021522 Press the second one. HsEs4XF6G0u-00056-00021522-00021910 You can include my comp HsEs4XF6G0u-00057-00021910-00022086 And here you see HsEs4XF6G0u-00058-00022086-00022405 Once the size adjustment is too large first HsEs4XF6G0u-00059-00022692-00023363 Adjust the size and press OK OK. HsEs4XF6G0u-00060-00023363-00023460 It's like this. HsEs4XF6G0u-00061-00023460-00023677 You can adjust your position here. HsEs4XF6G0u-00062-00025406-00025831 Yeah, it's like this. HsEs4XF6G0u-00063-00025831-00026531 If you do this and press submit HsEs4XF6G0u-00064-00026531-00026885 Why is it so overrated? HsEs4XF6G0u-00065-00026885-00027076 This is now over capacity HsEs4XF6G0u-00066-00027076-00027327 You can not use it. HsEs4XF6G0u-00067-00027327-00028520 Then I will try again, HsEs4XF6G0u-00068-00028520-00029100 I'll set you back. HsEs4XF6G0u-00069-00029100-00029330 There are a few things that are happening. HsEs4XF6G0u-00070-00029330-00029402 There are a few things going on HsEs4XF6G0u-00071-00029402-00029741 You can press this top HsEs4XF6G0u-00072-00029741-00029908 If you press HsEs4XF6G0u-00073-00029908-00030316 It's going to go directly to the app. HsEs4XF6G0u-00074-00030316-00030474 I'm downloading HsEs4XF6G0u-00075-00030474-00030858 If you download it, HsEs4XF6G0u-00076-00030858-00031270 It's a bit complicated because you have to put it all in that folder HsEs4XF6G0u-00077-00031270-00031464 But I do not know. HsEs4XF6G0u-00078-00031464-00032013 The location I put it in is in the description field. HsEs4XF6G0u-00079-00032013-00032499 I will leave it, so even if you download it, HsEs4XF6G0u-00080-00032499-00032899 You write this. HsEs4XF6G0u-00081-00032899-00033135 Yes, it's done. HsEs4XF6G0u-00082-00033135-00033310 Then go into the minify app. HsEs4XF6G0u-00083-00033686-00034232 If you go into Mi-Fit application and go to the US band 4 HsEs4XF6G0u-00084-00034232-00034480 It's called band display. HsEs4XF6G0u-00085-00034480-00034726 Band Display Settings HsEs4XF6G0u-00086-00034726-00035058 Enter the band display settings HsEs4XF6G0u-00087-00035058-00035843 Wait a minute and it will be my band display. HsEs4XF6G0u-00088-00035843-00036256 I'm already on my band display. HsEs4XF6G0u-00089-00036256-00036592 It looks like this. HsEs4XF6G0u-00090-00036592-00036972 If you just click here, HsEs4XF6G0u-00091-00036972-00037170 Synchronize this clock HsEs4XF6G0u-00092-00037170-00037562 Click Synchronize Instrument Panel HsEs4XF6G0u-00093-00037562-00038184 Then, in this band 4, the character "Sync" is displayed. HsEs4XF6G0u-00094-00038184-00038686 Syncing now HsEs4XF6G0u-00095-00038686-00039005 If the sync succeeds. HsEs4XF6G0u-00096-00039005-00039142 Yes, HsEs4XF6G0u-00097-00039568-00040096 You can easily make this change HsEs4XF6G0u-00098-00040096-00040292 Not only this wallpaper HsEs4XF6G0u-00099-00040292-00040592 Your photos or you HsEs4XF6G0u-00100-00040592-00040863 I can put things like hum. HsEs4XF6G0u-00101-00040863-00041144 You can make it not over capacity. HsEs4XF6G0u-00102-00041144-00041613 The iPhone is not available because it does not have an app right now HsEs4XF6G0u-00103-00041613-00041795 It's actually impossible. HsEs4XF6G0u-00104-00041795-00041936 Using some shortcuts HsEs4XF6G0u-00105-00041936-00042581 Please share this empty file with KakaoTalk and download it. HsEs4XF6G0u-00106-00042581-00042829 You can apply it as a pit. HsEs4XF6G0u-00107-00042829-00043125 I'll leave you with a video on how to do it HsEs4XF6G0u-00108-00055679-00056089 Yes today is in the US band 4 HsEs4XF6G0u-00109-00056089-00056515 I've found a way to change the wallpaper. It's easier than you think. HsEs4XF6G0u-00110-00056515-00056653 But you guys HsEs4XF6G0u-00111-00056653-00057166 Do not be too scared in Chinese. HsEs4XF6G0u-00112-00057166-00057344 If you are using a US band phone HsEs4XF6G0u-00113-00057344-00058019 Once you create your custom wallpaper HsEs4XF6G0u-00114-00058019-00058223 This is the video of today. HsEs4XF6G0u-00115-00058223-00058455 Then I'll see you again next time. HsEs4XF6G0u-00116-00058455-00058613 Bye. HtNk5OTVJ_0-00000-00000030-00000632 Martin Kove: Hello MacamTV you do good work I like it I like it HtNk5OTVJ_0-00001-00000704-00001072 and you're releasing a new fan made season five trailer HtNk5OTVJ_0-00002-00001232-00001408 let's see what you've got HtNk5OTVJ_0-00003-00001424-00001608 keep showing no mercy HtNk5OTVJ_0-00004-00001784-00002184 all right guys we are in Mexico for a reason and we are gonna find Miguel HtNk5OTVJ_0-00005-00002184-00002718 Eli: it's top secret it's risky one of us may not comeback alive so who's in? HtNk5OTVJ_0-00006-00002746-00002834 let's do it HtNk5OTVJ_0-00007-00002834-00003057 Demetri: wait whoa come back alive? HtNk5OTVJ_0-00008-00003393-00003694 Welcome back to Miyagi-Do HtNk5OTVJ_0-00009-00003736-00003864 Samantha LaRusso: too much HtNk5OTVJ_0-00010-00003864-00003986 Eli: possibly HtNk5OTVJ_0-00011-00003986-00004216 but I like it HtNk5OTVJ_0-00012-00004310-00004525 Miguel Diaz: you're my dad? HtNk5OTVJ_0-00013-00004864-00005080 Mike Barnes: looky looky looky with the cat dragged in HtNk5OTVJ_0-00014-00005304-00005424 oh hey man nice to meet you HtNk5OTVJ_0-00015-00005712-00006096 aren't you boys a little far from your precinct don't you two got something better to do HtNk5OTVJ_0-00016-00006163-00006350 What do we say here? HtNk5OTVJ_0-00017-00006350-00006510 The way of the fist sir HtNk5OTVJ_0-00018-00006510-00007184 today's news everyone Cobra Kai the fastest growing dojo in the world is dominating the nation HtNk5OTVJ_0-00019-00007559-00007717 and what is that way HtNk5OTVJ_0-00020-00007717-00007919 Strike first strike hard no mercy sir HtNk5OTVJ_0-00021-00007968-00008608 Mike: but now you're here not there so I think thephrase that you're looking for is thank you HtNk5OTVJ_0-00022-00008608-00008808 NETFLIX PRESENTS HtNk5OTVJ_0-00023-00009146-00009240 Tory: Stay HtNk5OTVJ_0-00024-00009240-00009592 Mike: listen to me I am not your father HtNk5OTVJ_0-00025-00009592-00009697 Tory: how do youknow? HtNk5OTVJ_0-00026-00009697-00010035 Mike: what do you think of course I would know if I had a daughter don't you think HtNk5OTVJ_0-00027-00010100-00010421 I want my students to look up to me HtNk5OTVJ_0-00028-00010721-00010921 NEW SENSEI HtNk5OTVJ_0-00029-00011600-00011948 Mike: you think that girl sitting in there is also a student of Miyagi HtNk5OTVJ_0-00030-00011963-00012071 she's amazing HtNk5OTVJ_0-00031-00012640-00012859 Mike: we've got nothing we're spitting our wheelshere HtNk5OTVJ_0-00032-00012859-00013369 listen I'm gonna be honest with you guys uh there's probably nothing we can do here HtNk5OTVJ_0-00033-00013784-00013875 Tory: sorry bud HtNk5OTVJ_0-00034-00013980-00014288 roll them up HtNk5OTVJ_0-00035-00014719-00014855 Robby Keene: we uh still doing lunch today? HtNk5OTVJ_0-00036-00014855-00015032 Tory: areally funny story HtNk5OTVJ_0-00037-00015032-00015584 Miguel: it's it's a really long story but we'll have lunchokay okay we'll talk to you bye HtNk5OTVJ_0-00038-00016283-00016472 MacamTV HtNk5OTVJ_0-00039-00016472-00017040 keep showing no mercy because you're artistic and you're imaginative and I HtNk5OTVJ_0-00040-00017040-00017664 like a lot of the things you do but I'm not I'm not surprised because you're Cobra Kai HtNk5OTVJ_0-00041-00017664-00018232 because you understand the concept that mercy is for theweak hearing on the streets somebody confronts you HtNk5OTVJ_0-00042-00018296-00019016 even during the creation of a of a video they are the enemy and the enemy deserves no mercy HtNk5OTVJ_0-00043-00019016-00019536 so remember you are the way of the fist strike first stike hard no mercy HtNk5OTVJ_0-00044-00019536-00020288 and fear doesn't exist in your dojo pain does not exist in your dojo and defeat does not exist HtNk5OTVJ_0-00045-00020288-00021056 in your dojo so have a wonderful wonderful year making wonderful videos for Cobra Kai for anyone HtNk5OTVJ_0-00046-00021144-00021616 and remember during the process if someone doesn't like some of the work HtNk5OTVJ_0-00047-00021848-00022010 sweep the leg HtNk5OTVJ_0-00048-00022010-00022504 special thanksto Martin Kove aka john crease HtNk5OTVJ_0-00049-00022560-00023272 for the special message Cobra Kai season five onceagain thank you for taking the time to check out HtNk5OTVJ_0-00050-00023272-00024320 my realistic trailer for Cobra Kai by the time I made this amazing realistic trailer so far we know HtNk5OTVJ_0-00051-00024320-00025416 nothing about season five but one that is heavily rumored is the return of Mike Barnes the man that HtNk5OTVJ_0-00052-00025416-00026392 we know and love from Larate Kid 3 of course it's so natural that we make Miguel Mike Barnes HtNk5OTVJ_0-00053-00026448-00027480 to be his father which ultimately makes him join Cobra kai that's right you heard it Miguel joining HtNk5OTVJ_0-00054-00027480-00028639 cobra kai with his father Mike Barnes teaming up with Terry Silver it's only up to Miyagi Do to HtNk5OTVJ_0-00055-00028639-00029744 step up the plate of course we have chosen but to bring back Julie Pierce a former Miyagi student HtNk5OTVJ_0-00056-00029904-00030600 of course we already know that Johnny Lawrence and Daniel LaRusso are no longer allowed to teach HtNk5OTVJ_0-00057-00030600-00031583 so it's a perfect perfect opportunity to have two sensei in each dojos and we can't forget Robbie HtNk5OTVJ_0-00058-00031583-00032112 reconciling with his father so that's also a sign that he's definitely gonna come back HtNk5OTVJ_0-00059-00032112-00032812 to Miyagi though so I think this just level up the playing field puts everybody in balance HtNk5OTVJ_0-00060-00032812-00033632 what do you guys think put it in the comments below and don't forget to hit that notification bell HtNk5OTVJ_0-00061-00033632-00034800 icon for more future Cobra Kai content until next time remember always keep on dreaming HuFwZVZuwU0-00000-00002592-00003488 http://djsmuv.com for free d/l HuFwZVZuwU0-00001-00005952-00006688 http://instagram.com/dj_smuv HuFwZVZuwU0-00002-00010176-00011328 http://youtube.com/therealdjsmuv HuFwZVZuwU0-00003-00013760-00014591 http://twitter.com/djsmuv_beats HxDjljHHQKQ-00000-00000000-00000050 . Hy5FBceUNgA-00000-00000000-00000338 a couple of years ago I had a chance encounter with one of my oldest friends Hy5FBceUNgA-00001-00000338-00000852 friends from college we both stay in a different city now and we sort of came Hy5FBceUNgA-00002-00000852-00001338 across in the mall and we were so happy to see each other Hy5FBceUNgA-00003-00001356-00001664 we met couple of times later because she was in the city Hy5FBceUNgA-00004-00001664-00001962 and we sort of spoke to each other Hy5FBceUNgA-00005-00001962-00002388 about where we are placed in our lives, things that are happening, Hy5FBceUNgA-00006-00002388-00002883 things we are happy about and went back down the memory lane reviving reliving Hy5FBceUNgA-00007-00002883-00003554 all those dreams we had as kids you know because when you are in college you can Hy5FBceUNgA-00008-00003554-00003706 just dream Hy5FBceUNgA-00009-00003706-00004266 somehow slowly our friendly banter became a little sour, little bitter, Hy5FBceUNgA-00010-00004266-00004848 it came more competitive and ultimately friendship fizzled out Hy5FBceUNgA-00011-00004866-00005292 The only winner from this is Envy and I want to talk to you about how you Hy5FBceUNgA-00012-00005292-00005702 can control Envy when you're going through it Hy5FBceUNgA-00013-00007230-00007459 I bring to you tips, tricks, tools, and hacks Hy5FBceUNgA-00014-00007459-00007606 that can help you upskill your life Hy5FBceUNgA-00015-00007606-00007752 and if this interests you Hy5FBceUNgA-00016-00007752-00008123 do consider subscribing to my channel and while you're there do not Hy5FBceUNgA-00017-00008123-00008628 forget to place a bell icon so you're notified every week when I post a new video Hy5FBceUNgA-00018-00008628-00009116 We live in an age of envy and this emotion is being amplified with social media Hy5FBceUNgA-00019-00009116-00009256 There's career envy, Hy5FBceUNgA-00020-00009258-00009438 kitchen envy, Hy5FBceUNgA-00021-00009438-00009576 children envy, Hy5FBceUNgA-00022-00009576-00009652 food envy, Hy5FBceUNgA-00023-00009652-00009752 Holiday envy Hy5FBceUNgA-00024-00009752-00009984 you name it there is an 'envy' for it Hy5FBceUNgA-00025-00009984-00010080 Harold coffin said Hy5FBceUNgA-00026-00010606-00011122 However, it is important that you understand the feeling of Envy is rooted in Hy5FBceUNgA-00027-00011122-00011342 skewed exaggerated perceptions Hy5FBceUNgA-00028-00011342-00011729 psychologists call it Hy5FBceUNgA-00029-00011729-00012267 A little bit of science, research suggests that we develop cognitive distortions Hy5FBceUNgA-00030-00012267-00012732 as a way of coping with adverse life events Hy5FBceUNgA-00031-00012750-00012950 the more prolonged and severe these adverse Hy5FBceUNgA-00032-00012950-00013273 events are the more likely you are to develop one or more Hy5FBceUNgA-00033-00013273-00013945 cognitive distortions feelings of envy is one of them and the result of it is Hy5FBceUNgA-00034-00013945-00014531 nothing but emotional suffering but here's the deal you cannot get rid of Hy5FBceUNgA-00035-00014531-00015137 envy we can however mindfully control it so here are three mindful tools you can Hy5FBceUNgA-00036-00015137-00015787 use to control your envy number one be aware of your physical sensations when Hy5FBceUNgA-00037-00015787-00016351 we when we experience feelings of envy you tend to feel the heat wave in our Hy5FBceUNgA-00038-00016351-00017041 face or a chest note this and understand what is happening to you when you are Hy5FBceUNgA-00039-00017041-00017531 undergoing that emotion when you notice these sensations label them as Envy Hy5FBceUNgA-00040-00017531-00017995 here's how it works by labeling them they are creating a distance between us Hy5FBceUNgA-00041-00017995-00018556 and what we are experiencing which is a significant step in to elevating your Hy5FBceUNgA-00042-00018556-00019048 suffering number two challenge this distorted perception you can say the Hy5FBceUNgA-00043-00019048-00019546 statement things are never what they seem to be and they're really not those Hy5FBceUNgA-00044-00019546-00019979 who we think have it all always definitely have a suffering that we Hy5FBceUNgA-00045-00019979-00020416 don't see half the person who has triggered that Envy within us is also Hy5FBceUNgA-00046-00020416-00020998 experiencing envy of us you don't know we could be having something that they Hy5FBceUNgA-00047-00020998-00021659 feel they lack number three practice gratitude we feel envious when we pay Hy5FBceUNgA-00048-00021659-00022097 attention to things that we don't have by turning our attention to the things Hy5FBceUNgA-00049-00022097-00022651 that we do have we are inviting happiness pride and love and there are Hy5FBceUNgA-00050-00022651-00023093 many ways to practice gratitude as I've spoken exclusively on this before and Hy5FBceUNgA-00051-00023093-00023468 there is a link that is appearing on the screen right now you can click on that Hy5FBceUNgA-00052-00023468-00023950 to know more if those are the three mindful tools that helped me understand Hy5FBceUNgA-00053-00023950-00024640 myself and overcome the feelings of envy remember Envy cannot be completely Hy5FBceUNgA-00054-00024640-00025123 eliminated from your life however with deliberate effort which means mindful Hy5FBceUNgA-00055-00025123-00025603 practice you can control it and it's important that we do it because enemy Hy5FBceUNgA-00056-00025603-00026207 damages our relationships disrupts our lives and sabotages our self-esteem when Hy5FBceUNgA-00057-00026207-00026485 you're obsessed with someone as a success Hy5FBceUNgA-00058-00026485-00027187 that sort of undermines your own value how frequently do you feel Envy notice Hy5FBceUNgA-00059-00027187-00027613 how that is impact in your life and I'd love to hear from you if you wish to Hy5FBceUNgA-00060-00027613-00028158 share stories of your envy and how you have overcome it do leave me a message Hy5FBceUNgA-00061-00028158-00028545 in the comment section below or reach out to me in any of the social media Hy5FBceUNgA-00062-00028545-00029005 platforms that I'm in thank you so much for watching I hope you find this video Hy5FBceUNgA-00063-00029005-00029443 resourceful do give it a thumbs up share it with your friends and of course do Hy5FBceUNgA-00064-00029443-00029875 not forget to subscribe to my channel subscribe and also hit a bell icon so Hy5FBceUNgA-00065-00029875-00030355 you are notified every Thursday when I post a new video I'll see you next week Hy5FBceUNgA-00066-00030355-00030738 until then take good care of yourself HC4QT1D5lsI-00000-00000149-00000437 - So our next speaker is Dr Corinne Riddell, HC4QT1D5lsI-00001-00000437-00000775 she is Assistant Adjunct Professor of Biostatistics HC4QT1D5lsI-00002-00000775-00000907 at UC Berkeley. HC4QT1D5lsI-00003-00000907-00001080 She will speak about her research HC4QT1D5lsI-00004-00001080-00001543 using epidemiological methods and data visualization HC4QT1D5lsI-00005-00001543-00001822 to examine racial inequalities in health. HC4QT1D5lsI-00006-00002199-00002390 - Hello, thanks everybody. HC4QT1D5lsI-00007-00002586-00002679 Yes HC4QT1D5lsI-00008-00002679-00002845 It's like hard to know. Here? HC4QT1D5lsI-00009-00002845-00002941 Is this the spot? HC4QT1D5lsI-00010-00002941-00003175 That's weird, I can't tell it's different, HC4QT1D5lsI-00011-00003175-00003349 but you can tell it's different. HC4QT1D5lsI-00012-00003349-00003653 Okay, so yes my name is Corinne Riddell, HC4QT1D5lsI-00013-00003653-00003868 I'm a professor in the division of HC4QT1D5lsI-00014-00003868-00004075 Epidemiology and Biostatistics HC4QT1D5lsI-00015-00004075-00004212 and the Statistics division of HC4QT1D5lsI-00016-00004212-00004352 the School of Public Health. HC4QT1D5lsI-00017-00004514-00004919 And, so, although I am appointed in Biostat, HC4QT1D5lsI-00018-00004919-00005199 I identify as an epidemiologist. HC4QT1D5lsI-00019-00005199-00005582 So, what that means is most of my work is very applied, HC4QT1D5lsI-00020-00005582-00005879 to very specific questions, and I'm mostly interested HC4QT1D5lsI-00021-00005879-00006305 in Social Epidemiology and Peri-natal Epidemiology. HC4QT1D5lsI-00022-00006305-00006667 So Social Epidemiology is about things like HC4QT1D5lsI-00023-00006667-00006931 social-economic status or race, HC4QT1D5lsI-00024-00006931-00007272 income and how these things tend to affect HC4QT1D5lsI-00025-00007272-00007538 whether people have different health outcomes. HC4QT1D5lsI-00026-00007717-00007945 So, I just wanted to tell you a little bit HC4QT1D5lsI-00027-00007945-00008270 about my background, because it influences HC4QT1D5lsI-00028-00008393-00008606 some of the issues I have been computing here. HC4QT1D5lsI-00029-00008606-00008868 So, prior to my appointment at Berkeley, HC4QT1D5lsI-00030-00008868-00009161 I was a post-ec at McGill, in Montreal, Canada. HC4QT1D5lsI-00031-00009161-00009373 And so that went until, you know, HC4QT1D5lsI-00032-00009373-00009673 I've been here, I guess, a little over a year. HC4QT1D5lsI-00033-00009673-00009867 So I haven't been here too long. HC4QT1D5lsI-00034-00009867-00010172 And so, why that matters is because HC4QT1D5lsI-00035-00010172-00010432 all my data was, like, living in Canada, HC4QT1D5lsI-00036-00010432-00010911 and the data that I could access from Canada was restricted, HC4QT1D5lsI-00037-00010911-00011297 so I do a lot of my... I use a lot of American HC4QT1D5lsI-00038-00011297-00011555 Death certificates, Birth certificates, HC4QT1D5lsI-00039-00011555-00011918 but I can only use the publicly available data. HC4QT1D5lsI-00040-00011918-00012217 So when I came here, I was able to put in a data request, HC4QT1D5lsI-00041-00012217-00012414 and get this restricted data, HC4QT1D5lsI-00042-00012414-00012579 which is really great for me, HC4QT1D5lsI-00043-00012579-00012916 but now I have to figure out how to store it securely HC4QT1D5lsI-00044-00012916-00013146 and how to get, like, my computational system. HC4QT1D5lsI-00045-00013309-00013508 In terms of the type of work I do, HC4QT1D5lsI-00046-00013508-00013802 Epidemiology, I think when people think about HC4QT1D5lsI-00047-00013802-00014081 Epidemiology they think about Field Epidemiologists, HC4QT1D5lsI-00048-00014081-00014288 the ones doing outbreak investigations HC4QT1D5lsI-00049-00014288-00014700 and chasing infectious diseases, and that's not what I do. HC4QT1D5lsI-00050-00014700-00015166 So I tend to analyze large administrative databases, HC4QT1D5lsI-00051-00015166-00015321 so that means like data that comes from HC4QT1D5lsI-00052-00015321-00015544 Death certificates, Birth certificates, HC4QT1D5lsI-00053-00015544-00015958 data collected by hospitals, inpatient visits, HC4QT1D5lsI-00054-00015958-00016246 emergency room visits, that sort of thing, HC4QT1D5lsI-00055-00016246-00016682 and I try and use those data to look at trends in health, HC4QT1D5lsI-00056-00016682-00017039 and in particular, what I'm really interested in is in HC4QT1D5lsI-00057-00017039-00017262 inequalities in health, racial inequalities HC4QT1D5lsI-00058-00017262-00017553 and try to see how those vary by state, HC4QT1D5lsI-00059-00017553-00017752 and how they've decreased over time. HC4QT1D5lsI-00060-00017752-00017892 Because some states end up doing HC4QT1D5lsI-00061-00017892-00018066 a lot better than other states. HC4QT1D5lsI-00062-00018152-00018423 If we can learn from the states that have done really well, HC4QT1D5lsI-00063-00018423-00018679 we can the take lessons to, like, HC4QT1D5lsI-00064-00018679-00018924 learn how to reduce inequalities in other states. HC4QT1D5lsI-00065-00019022-00019377 Okay, so, part of the moving thing was that, like, HC4QT1D5lsI-00066-00019377-00019559 the Federal Laws are different, HC4QT1D5lsI-00067-00019559-00019881 the State Laws are different, there's differences in HC4QT1D5lsI-00068-00019881-00020226 these laws about, like, data use HC4QT1D5lsI-00069-00020226-00020674 and how health data in particular is stored and used. HC4QT1D5lsI-00070-00020674-00020945 Changing institutions with different computational system, HC4QT1D5lsI-00071-00020945-00021171 the one I was using before, and then of course HC4QT1D5lsI-00072-00021171-00021421 knowing Berkeley-specific policies. HC4QT1D5lsI-00073-00021421-00021793 So this is just the stuff, I guess, getting set up here, HC4QT1D5lsI-00074-00021793-00022173 that is new, on top of everything else HC4QT1D5lsI-00075-00022173-00022354 that was new for me. HC4QT1D5lsI-00076-00022354-00022530 The particular project that I'm working on, HC4QT1D5lsI-00077-00022530-00022743 I'm just gonna hop to another slide, HC4QT1D5lsI-00078-00022743-00023116 so that's, kind of more focused on this. HC4QT1D5lsI-00079-00023116-00023369 So, the project I'm gonna tell you about, HC4QT1D5lsI-00080-00023369-00023663 the purpose of it was to describe variation in HC4QT1D5lsI-00081-00023663-00024071 the life expectancy, and the contributions of major causes HC4QT1D5lsI-00082-00024071-00024344 of death to blame the life expectancy gap. HC4QT1D5lsI-00083-00024344-00024797 For this specific project, I was only looking at HC4QT1D5lsI-00084-00024895-00025181 black individuals versus white individuals, HC4QT1D5lsI-00085-00025181-00025422 but, in my future work, I'm going to kind of HC4QT1D5lsI-00086-00025422-00025836 expand this to include other racial and ethnic groups. HC4QT1D5lsI-00087-00025836-00026294 So this is just showing you the gap over time, for men. HC4QT1D5lsI-00088-00026294-00026550 So you can see here, we're quantifying that difference HC4QT1D5lsI-00089-00026550-00026716 and then showing that difference below, HC4QT1D5lsI-00090-00026716-00026961 so you can see how that gap has changed. HC4QT1D5lsI-00091-00026961-00027336 It was decreasing, until the 80's, then it increased HC4QT1D5lsI-00092-00027336-00027602 and this was largely to do with a period of HC4QT1D5lsI-00093-00027602-00028012 increased homicide and also HIV Aids having a larger effect HC4QT1D5lsI-00094-00028012-00028395 on mortality for black men, as compared to white men. HC4QT1D5lsI-00095-00028395-00028561 And then it's gone down since then. HC4QT1D5lsI-00096-00028561-00028836 But this is what's gone on nationally, HC4QT1D5lsI-00097-00028836-00029032 but when you look at individual states, HC4QT1D5lsI-00098-00029032-00029189 the story varies a lot. HC4QT1D5lsI-00099-00029189-00029467 So there's a lot of variation in how states have done HC4QT1D5lsI-00100-00029467-00029682 in terms of the life expectancy gap. HC4QT1D5lsI-00101-00029770-00029984 Some states have virtually eliminated the gap HC4QT1D5lsI-00102-00029984-00030377 and others states have done a lot worse. HC4QT1D5lsI-00103-00030377-00030594 So, in the previous data that I had, HC4QT1D5lsI-00104-00030594-00031045 that data that was publicly available to me, HC4QT1D5lsI-00105-00031045-00031250 I looked at 40 states, I put in quotes HC4QT1D5lsI-00106-00031250-00031445 because it was 39 plus DC. HC4QT1D5lsI-00107-00031445-00031882 I had 45 years worth of data to calculate life expectancy, HC4QT1D5lsI-00108-00031882-00032219 you kind of have to break down the data into age groups, HC4QT1D5lsI-00109-00032219-00032419 so we'd have these 19 ages groups, HC4QT1D5lsI-00110-00032419-00032661 two genders, two races, for these, HC4QT1D5lsI-00111-00032661-00033161 again, that'll be expanded for the new data requests. HC4QT1D5lsI-00112-00033180-00033484 And then I broke, I looked at specific causes of death, HC4QT1D5lsI-00113-00033484-00033833 so, at the end of the day, the rows of data HC4QT1D5lsI-00114-00033833-00034140 corresponded to combinations of these striata. HC4QT1D5lsI-00115-00034140-00034350 So the way that the data looked, HC4QT1D5lsI-00116-00034350-00034526 my previous request was like this, HC4QT1D5lsI-00117-00034526-00034980 so I had a row of data, in particular, for Alabama, in 1969, HC4QT1D5lsI-00118-00034980-00035339 black men, well pure black infants, HC4QT1D5lsI-00119-00035339-00035576 and I looked specifically at CVD, HC4QT1D5lsI-00120-00035576-00035799 so, on their death certificate, HC4QT1D5lsI-00121-00035799-00036096 your death is coded very specifically, HC4QT1D5lsI-00122-00036096-00036318 and I can take those codes and put it HC4QT1D5lsI-00123-00036318-00036606 into one of their cause of death groupings. HC4QT1D5lsI-00124-00036606-00036827 And then the data was actually missing, HC4QT1D5lsI-00125-00036827-00036981 because it was publicly available, HC4QT1D5lsI-00126-00036981-00037360 if the count of deaths was between one and nine, HC4QT1D5lsI-00127-00037360-00037524 then they wouldn't tell you because HC4QT1D5lsI-00128-00037524-00037715 it's too identifiable at that point. HC4QT1D5lsI-00129-00037715-00038060 So it was missing, but I knew the denominator, HC4QT1D5lsI-00130-00038060-00038350 I knew how many infants there were at that time. HC4QT1D5lsI-00131-00038350-00038559 So this is kind of what the data looks like HC4QT1D5lsI-00132-00038559-00038705 that I'm dealing with. HC4QT1D5lsI-00133-00038705-00039083 The new data request, it won't be aggregated like this, HC4QT1D5lsI-00134-00039083-00039293 I'll have one line of data per person, HC4QT1D5lsI-00135-00039293-00039693 and then we do this kind of aggregating for ourselves. HC4QT1D5lsI-00136-00039693-00039901 And we won't have any missing data. HC4QT1D5lsI-00137-00039901-00040174 Because we'll have the restricted data. HC4QT1D5lsI-00138-00040340-00040615 And then the modeling I won't talk too much about, HC4QT1D5lsI-00139-00040615-00040999 but basically we use some Bayesian statistic models to HC4QT1D5lsI-00140-00040999-00041273 smooth the mortality, and that was mostly to HC4QT1D5lsI-00141-00041366-00041571 do some estimation to take care of the fact HC4QT1D5lsI-00142-00041571-00041713 that we had these missing datas. HC4QT1D5lsI-00143-00041713-00042185 But also for certain states, there's very small populations, HC4QT1D5lsI-00144-00042185-00042400 and often very small black populations. HC4QT1D5lsI-00145-00042400-00042588 So then you want to borrow strength across HC4QT1D5lsI-00146-00042588-00042785 your multiple years of data. HC4QT1D5lsI-00147-00042785-00043229 Okay, so I think I'm gonna stop that bit of it, HC4QT1D5lsI-00148-00043229-00043529 but I wanna show you what I like to make at the end, HC4QT1D5lsI-00149-00043529-00043764 because this affects again how I do the computation. HC4QT1D5lsI-00150-00043764-00044103 So I tend to make these apps, HC4QT1D5lsI-00151-00044103-00044603 so these are made using our... in this shiny package. HC4QT1D5lsI-00152-00044619-00045119 And so they're just really... it takes like user input HC4QT1D5lsI-00153-00045134-00045470 so, for example, you can hit explore state, HC4QT1D5lsI-00154-00045470-00045863 you can hit California, it'll update in a second. HC4QT1D5lsI-00155-00045863-00045984 The first thing you'll wanna know is like HC4QT1D5lsI-00156-00045984-00046243 how the population has changed for these different HC4QT1D5lsI-00157-00046243-00046443 combinations of race and gender, HC4QT1D5lsI-00158-00046443-00046597 and you can see that here. HC4QT1D5lsI-00159-00046597-00046806 And then it'll show you the trends in HC4QT1D5lsI-00160-00046806-00047063 life expectancy in California, so you can actually see HC4QT1D5lsI-00161-00047063-00047261 California is one of these states HC4QT1D5lsI-00162-00047261-00047533 that the gap in life expectancy has not changed HC4QT1D5lsI-00163-00047533-00047662 very much at all. HC4QT1D5lsI-00164-00047662-00047970 There's this blip in the data which was this coding error HC4QT1D5lsI-00165-00047970-00048227 on the part of the death certificates that we dug into, HC4QT1D5lsI-00166-00048227-00048331 separate story. HC4QT1D5lsI-00167-00048452-00048624 And then you can go down and this is where HC4QT1D5lsI-00168-00048624-00048927 I'm doing the partitioning. So what this shows you HC4QT1D5lsI-00169-00048927-00049427 is so in 1969, the gap was like four and a half years HC4QT1D5lsI-00170-00049445-00049830 for women, similar for men, 4.7 years. HC4QT1D5lsI-00171-00049927-00050187 This is partitioning that gap into HC4QT1D5lsI-00172-00050187-00050589 combinations of age groups and causes of death. HC4QT1D5lsI-00173-00050589-00050824 So you can look over here at that legend, HC4QT1D5lsI-00174-00050824-00051003 and so when you look at this, what it's showing you HC4QT1D5lsI-00175-00051003-00051304 is this huge spike, so this is infant mortality. HC4QT1D5lsI-00176-00051304-00051529 The contribution of infant mortality to the gap HC4QT1D5lsI-00177-00051529-00051801 is almost exactly a year in 1969, HC4QT1D5lsI-00178-00051966-00052229 and most of those infant mortalities are coded as HC4QT1D5lsI-00179-00052229-00052436 all other causes, because infants are not dying of, HC4QT1D5lsI-00180-00052436-00052658 they're not really dying right of cancer HC4QT1D5lsI-00181-00052658-00052866 and cardiovascular disease, they're dying of HC4QT1D5lsI-00182-00052866-00053112 other things that are coded as other here. HC4QT1D5lsI-00183-00053210-00053710 You can see this huge contribution of CVD for women, HC4QT1D5lsI-00184-00053726-00054127 cardiovascular disease, in the age groups you'd expect HC4QT1D5lsI-00185-00054300-00054521 in terms of when people die of CVD, HC4QT1D5lsI-00186-00054521-00054794 and then you can compare what went on in 1969 for women, HC4QT1D5lsI-00187-00054794-00055103 to what when on in 1969 in men, and immediately HC4QT1D5lsI-00188-00055103-00055316 your eyes are probably drawn to blue, HC4QT1D5lsI-00189-00055316-00055685 so you can see this kind of contribution of injuries. HC4QT1D5lsI-00190-00055685-00056060 And then you can do the, like, year-to-year HC4QT1D5lsI-00191-00056060-00056183 comparison as well. HC4QT1D5lsI-00192-00056183-00056370 So these are the sorts of things I make, HC4QT1D5lsI-00193-00056370-00056525 I just wanna show you another state, HC4QT1D5lsI-00194-00056525-00056773 just to give you an idea of the differences, HC4QT1D5lsI-00195-00056773-00057099 so just quickly remind yourself of the gap, HC4QT1D5lsI-00196-00057099-00057451 the change in California, and then go and look at New York. HC4QT1D5lsI-00197-00057912-00058340 So that gap is going from a larger starting point, HC4QT1D5lsI-00198-00058340-00058675 about six, to about zero. HC4QT1D5lsI-00199-00058760-00058954 And when you look at what's going on and HC4QT1D5lsI-00200-00058954-00059166 what still contributes to the gap today, HC4QT1D5lsI-00201-00059166-00059323 we got a little bit of infant mortality, HC4QT1D5lsI-00202-00059323-00059572 and we still have CVD. HC4QT1D5lsI-00203-00059572-00059860 So that's really the basis for the difference. HC4QT1D5lsI-00204-00059860-00060116 And then this bar to the left of the line, HC4QT1D5lsI-00205-00060116-00060436 is saying once you reach 85 years of age, HC4QT1D5lsI-00206-00060436-00060841 the mortality rates are lower among black women HC4QT1D5lsI-00207-00060841-00061103 than they are among white women. HC4QT1D5lsI-00208-00061103-00061501 And there's a lot of controversy in the academic field HC4QT1D5lsI-00209-00061501-00061708 about, like, why, what's going on, HC4QT1D5lsI-00210-00061708-00061976 but to me, what I see is, just in terms of HC4QT1D5lsI-00211-00061976-00062187 who's dying of cardiovascular disease, HC4QT1D5lsI-00212-00062187-00062534 it's a shift in timing of when these deaths occur. HC4QT1D5lsI-00213-00062534-00062948 And so, if people make it to age 85, HC4QT1D5lsI-00214-00063148-00063292 there's a difference in, like, HC4QT1D5lsI-00215-00063292-00063397 who's still living at that time, HC4QT1D5lsI-00216-00063397-00063538 and what they're dying from. HC4QT1D5lsI-00217-00063538-00063761 Okay, so that's, like, a lot background about HC4QT1D5lsI-00218-00063761-00063959 the type of research I do, and I only have HC4QT1D5lsI-00219-00063959-00064233 four minutes to talk about computing. HC4QT1D5lsI-00220-00064233-00064479 But I think that's okay because we haven't actually done HC4QT1D5lsI-00221-00064479-00064754 any computing here, but we're gonna get set up. HC4QT1D5lsI-00222-00064754-00065091 So, in terms of, like, the computational stuff, HC4QT1D5lsI-00223-00065091-00065311 I just need to compute life expectancy HC4QT1D5lsI-00224-00065311-00065507 and do this partitioning of the gap. HC4QT1D5lsI-00225-00065507-00065654 These are demographic techniques, HC4QT1D5lsI-00226-00065654-00065880 they're not very intensive to do. HC4QT1D5lsI-00227-00065880-00066079 If I'm running the Bayesian models, HC4QT1D5lsI-00228-00066079-00066342 those things take a lot more time, HC4QT1D5lsI-00229-00066461-00066572 and now we're a bit more intensive, HC4QT1D5lsI-00230-00066572-00066854 we're not sure what we'll be doing HC4QT1D5lsI-00231-00066854-00067126 on the statistical front, what sorts of models HC4QT1D5lsI-00232-00067126-00067484 we'll be running, but they might be intensive. HC4QT1D5lsI-00233-00067484-00067905 But I have this PL/1 data, so that's the classification HC4QT1D5lsI-00234-00067905-00068135 for data that needs to be a little bit secure, HC4QT1D5lsI-00235-00068282-00068593 and it's like kind of Berkeley's designation HC4QT1D5lsI-00236-00068593-00068841 for data that needs to be secure, but not too secure. HC4QT1D5lsI-00237-00068841-00069204 So this PL/1 goes from PL/1, PL/2, PL/3, HC4QT1D5lsI-00238-00069204-00069547 PL/3 is the most secure, PL/0 is like HC4QT1D5lsI-00239-00069547-00069850 you can store it anywhere, and mine's classified as PL/1. HC4QT1D5lsI-00240-00069850-00070072 So I need to put it somewhere that's safe, HC4QT1D5lsI-00241-00070072-00070273 and I need it to be in one place that, like, HC4QT1D5lsI-00242-00070273-00070485 me and my students can work on. HC4QT1D5lsI-00243-00070659-00071011 I use R and RStudio, and I don't wanna just HC4QT1D5lsI-00244-00071011-00071313 send, like, batches of data somewhere and get output, HC4QT1D5lsI-00245-00071313-00071490 I wanna interact with the data, HC4QT1D5lsI-00246-00071490-00071731 I wanna see the visualizations and the plots, HC4QT1D5lsI-00247-00071731-00072194 it's a hugely important part of the type of work that I do, HC4QT1D5lsI-00248-00072194-00072397 both for myself, because it helps me catch HC4QT1D5lsI-00249-00072397-00072602 errors in how the data is coded. HC4QT1D5lsI-00250-00072710-00072949 But you saw the sort of things that I make, HC4QT1D5lsI-00251-00072949-00073258 like, they're highly visual, so I really need to HC4QT1D5lsI-00252-00073258-00073539 be able to do that, which means I need to use RStudio HC4QT1D5lsI-00253-00073632-00073816 to see what's going on. HC4QT1D5lsI-00254-00073816-00073994 So, this is what's been proposed, HC4QT1D5lsI-00255-00073994-00074395 so I've been actually working with Jason and Chris Hoffman, HC4QT1D5lsI-00256-00074395-00074638 and this is the solution we came up with, HC4QT1D5lsI-00257-00074638-00074897 so, we going to have a Windows virtual machine, HC4QT1D5lsI-00258-00074897-00075263 that will be set up in this analytics environment HC4QT1D5lsI-00259-00075263-00075346 on demand. HC4QT1D5lsI-00260-00075346-00075698 And so that environment would cut this in a virtual machine, HC4QT1D5lsI-00261-00075698-00076081 it'll run R and RStudio, that allow both me and HC4QT1D5lsI-00262-00076081-00076581 my student to have access, and it's designated HC4QT1D5lsI-00263-00076582-00077030 to store this level of data, PL/1 data, HC4QT1D5lsI-00264-00077030-00077163 that I have access to. HC4QT1D5lsI-00265-00077363-00077697 And so we're hoping, I think we have like a lot of hopes HC4QT1D5lsI-00266-00077697-00078029 that this pilot project will be successful, HC4QT1D5lsI-00267-00078029-00078261 and we'll be able to have other researchers HC4QT1D5lsI-00268-00078261-00078587 at the School of Public Health us the same system. HC4QT1D5lsI-00269-00078587-00078843 So there's a lot of us in this similar situation HC4QT1D5lsI-00270-00078843-00079343 where we use data, and we need to store it in a secure way, HC4QT1D5lsI-00271-00079396-00079716 and we need to have a system where, like, HC4QT1D5lsI-00272-00079716-00079869 there's computing power. HC4QT1D5lsI-00273-00079869-00080047 And so there's a lot of, like, I guess, HC4QT1D5lsI-00274-00080047-00080241 new faculty in the School of Public Health HC4QT1D5lsI-00275-00080241-00080356 that has similar needs. HC4QT1D5lsI-00276-00080502-00080802 So yeah, that's how we kind of edit it. HC4QT1D5lsI-00277-00080931-00081206 (Audience claps) HC4QT1D5lsI-00278-00081354-00081647 - Questions for Dr Riddell, while we transition HC4QT1D5lsI-00279-00081647-00081747 to the next speaker? HC4QT1D5lsI-00280-00082086-00082188 - [Male audience Member] Was there a specific reason HC4QT1D5lsI-00281-00082188-00082586 you chose deaths rather than, like, healthcare access? HC4QT1D5lsI-00282-00082711-00083099 - Yeah, so the reason I chose deaths was because HC4QT1D5lsI-00283-00083099-00083439 life expectancy is kind of one of these HC4QT1D5lsI-00284-00083439-00083693 barometers of overall health, HC4QT1D5lsI-00285-00083693-00084193 and so it kind of aggregates across the lifecourse, HC4QT1D5lsI-00286-00084210-00084319 how people are doing. HC4QT1D5lsI-00287-00084319-00084548 So if life expectancy is higher, HC4QT1D5lsI-00288-00084640-00085061 then people are doing generally better, HC4QT1D5lsI-00289-00085061-00085265 and so you can look at these disparities. HC4QT1D5lsI-00290-00085265-00085561 Whereas if I looked at healthcare access HC4QT1D5lsI-00291-00085561-00085838 then that's kind of a determinant of health, right? HC4QT1D5lsI-00292-00085838-00086070 So I think that is really important, HC4QT1D5lsI-00293-00086070-00086303 but my first step was this descriptive step HC4QT1D5lsI-00294-00086303-00086544 of measuring overall health, but the next step HC4QT1D5lsI-00295-00086544-00086809 is to connect it to things like, okay, is New York HC4QT1D5lsI-00296-00086809-00087099 doing better because they have better healthcare access, HC4QT1D5lsI-00297-00087099-00087388 or maybe different specific state policies HC4QT1D5lsI-00298-00087388-00087649 that vary between New York and California. HC4QT1D5lsI-00299-00087649-00087806 Yeah. HC4QT1D5lsI-00300-00087806-00087889 - [Male Audience Member 2] Did you look at HC4QT1D5lsI-00301-00087889-00088159 other alternatives for doing your computational work? HC4QT1D5lsI-00302-00088244-00088534 - In terms of, like, models or..? HC4QT1D5lsI-00303-00088534-00088723 - [Male Audience Member 2] No, the actual place HC4QT1D5lsI-00304-00088723-00088908 where you were gonna be doing the computation. HC4QT1D5lsI-00305-00088908-00089065 - (laughs) Jason? Jason knowss much more of this. HC4QT1D5lsI-00306-00089158-00089501 - You know in discussion we also looked at R HC4QT1D5lsI-00307-00089501-00089691 and thinking about using the R high performance HC4QT1D5lsI-00308-00089691-00090104 computing solution on campus, but as Dr Riddell was showing, HC4QT1D5lsI-00309-00090104-00090398 like, her work is very visual and interactive, HC4QT1D5lsI-00310-00090398-00090637 so then it's more convenient to have a GUI HC4QT1D5lsI-00311-00090637-00091133 and a display, whereas with our high performance HC4QT1D5lsI-00312-00091133-00091362 computing solution it's a sort of HC4QT1D5lsI-00313-00091362-00091703 submit and wait for results, you can't kind of HC4QT1D5lsI-00314-00091703-00092156 tinker throughout, so that's where we are. HC4QT1D5lsI-00315-00092297-00092593 - [Female Audience Member] Is that Windows VM ware HC4QT1D5lsI-00316-00092593-00092839 posted on campus or is that somewhere else? HC4QT1D5lsI-00317-00092839-00093251 - [Jason] It is posted on campus in the data center, HC4QT1D5lsI-00318-00093251-00093412 and its... HC4QT1D5lsI-00319-00093412-00093630 - [Female Audience Member] So it's not cloud it's on private HC4QT1D5lsI-00320-00093630-00093928 - [Jason] Well it's not cloud, it's a private cloud. HC4QT1D5lsI-00321-00093928-00094012 - [Female Audience Member] Right. HC4QT1D5lsI-00322-00094012-00094263 - [Jason] Right, so it's VM ware, the backend is VM ware HC4QT1D5lsI-00323-00094263-00094668 in Citrix that UC Berkeley's IST, information department, HC4QT1D5lsI-00324-00094668-00094751 you know HC4QT1D5lsI-00325-00094751-00094841 - [Female Audience Member] Yeah. (laughing) HC4QT1D5lsI-00326-00094841-00094946 That's all, I gotcha. HC4QT1D5lsI-00327-00095088-00095451 - [Bill] We are also looking at VM ware capable of running on prem or in the cloud. HC4QT1D5lsI-00328-00095451-00095678 here or on AWS for example. HCAZW9gso1u-00000-00000456-00000736 Every six months, BullionStar brings in Bureau Veritas HCAZW9gso1u-00001-00000736-00001016 one of the world's leading precious metals auditors. HCAZW9gso1u-00002-00001016-00001178 They do three tests. HCAZW9gso1u-00003-00001178-00001412 The first is the physical count of the bars. HCAZW9gso1u-00004-00001412-00002016 The second is a test of the accuracy of the serial numbers that is reported for each bar. HCAZW9gso1u-00005-00002016-00002506 And the third test is the purity test, to make sure that the gold in the case of HelloGold HCAZW9gso1u-00006-00002506-00002908 the 1 kilo bar, is indeed 1 kilo and 999.9 finest. HCAZW9gso1u-00007-00002936-00003100 So, here is our gold bar. HCAZW9gso1u-00008-00003100-00003434 This is one of the bars that we hold on behalf of our customers in HelloGold. HCAZW9gso1u-00009-00003434-00003810 And you'll see from the gold bar, why we have the test that we have HCAZW9gso1u-00010-00003810-00004204 the refinery, the weight, the purity as well as the serial number. HCAZW9gso1u-00011-00004204-00004512 So any given point in time you can check on our website HCAZW9gso1u-00012-00004512-00004680 as well as BullionStar's website HCAZW9gso1u-00013-00004680-00004872 to be assured that the gold that we hold HCAZW9gso1u-00014-00004872-00005044 on your behalf is real and genuine. HDfZUIBF_F0-00000-00000066-00000186 WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE. HDfZUIBF_F0-00001-00000210-00000407 HERE'S WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND YOUR NAVY TODAY. HDfZUIBF_F0-00002-00000437-00000567 LOS ANGELES-CLASS SUBMARINES, HDfZUIBF_F0-00003-00000567-00000834 USS HARTFORD AND USS HAMPTON, ARRIVED AT U.S. HDfZUIBF_F0-00004-00000834-00001071 NAVY ICE CAMP SARGO IS SUPPORT OF ICE EXERCISE HDfZUIBF_F0-00005-00001071-00001171 2016. HDfZUIBF_F0-00006-00001201-00001401 HARTFORD AND HAMPTON WILL CONDUCT MULTIPLE ARCTIC HDfZUIBF_F0-00007-00001401-00001601 TRANSITS, A NORTH POLE SUFACING, HDfZUIBF_F0-00008-00001601-00001801 SCIENTIFIC DATA COLLECTION AND OTHER TRAINING HDfZUIBF_F0-00009-00001801-00001908 EVOLUTIONS. HDfZUIBF_F0-00010-00001908-00002178 ICE-X 2016 IS A FIVE-WEEK EXERCISE DESIGNED TO HDfZUIBF_F0-00011-00002178-00002379 ASSESS THE OPERATIONAL READINESS OF THE SUBMARINE HDfZUIBF_F0-00012-00002379-00002592 FORCE WHILE CONTINUING TO ADVANCE SCIENTIFIC HDfZUIBF_F0-00013-00002592-00002706 RESEARCH IN THE ARCTIC REGION. HDfZUIBF_F0-00014-00002772-00002972 THE NAVY'S ARCTIC SUBMARINE LABORATORY IS HDfZUIBF_F0-00015-00002972-00003173 THE LEAD ORGANIZATION FOR ICE-X THAT INCLUDES HDfZUIBF_F0-00016-00003173-00003386 MULTIPLE NATIONS AND MORE THAN 200 PARTICIPANTS. HDfZUIBF_F0-00017-00003473-00003673 OHIO-CLASS BALLISTIC-MISSLE SUBMARINE HDfZUIBF_F0-00018-00003673-00003917 USS KENTUCKY DEPARTED NAVAL BASE KITSAP-BANGOR HDfZUIBF_F0-00019-00003917-00004117 FOR THE BOAT'S FIRST STRATEGIC DETERRENT HDfZUIBF_F0-00020-00004117-00004217 MISSION SINCE 2011. HDfZUIBF_F0-00021-00004244-00004457 KENTUCKY COMPLETED A 40-MONTH YARD PERIOD TO HDfZUIBF_F0-00022-00004457-00004657 EXTEND THE LIFE OF THE SUBMARINE FOR ANOTHER 20 HDfZUIBF_F0-00023-00004657-00004758 YEARS. HDfZUIBF_F0-00024-00004758-00004958 SUBMARINES LIKE KENTUCKY WILL EVENTUALLY BE HDfZUIBF_F0-00025-00004958-00005158 REPLACED BY THE NEXT GENERATION OF BALLISTIC HDfZUIBF_F0-00026-00005158-00005358 MISSILE SUBMARINES, STILL IN DEVELOPMENT. HDfZUIBF_F0-00027-00005358-00005558 YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND HDfZUIBF_F0-00028-00005558-00005759 YOUR NAVY AT NAVY.MIL. HGR5ldT_s8A-00000-00000004-00000286 In this video, I will show you 6 very useful HGR5ldT_s8A-00001-00000286-00000466 AliExpress extensions HGR5ldT_s8A-00002-00000466-00000772 which will help you to do the dropshipping from AliExpress to any site HGR5ldT_s8A-00003-00000772-00000990 and will save you a lot of time HGR5ldT_s8A-00004-00001000-00001352 so let's go over the extensions. The first extension is HGR5ldT_s8A-00005-00001352-00001730 the AliExpress product images downloader HGR5ldT_s8A-00006-00001730-00001946 so if we go to Google HGR5ldT_s8A-00007-00001974-00002297 we write AliExpress product images downloader HGR5ldT_s8A-00008-00002331-00002784 we will see here the first result, we'll just download this extension HGR5ldT_s8A-00009-00002784-00002900 and install it. HGR5ldT_s8A-00010-00002920-00003300 Now, when I go to AliExpress, I can go to any product HGR5ldT_s8A-00011-00003320-00003679 and here I will have 2 new buttons. The first one is this one HGR5ldT_s8A-00012-00003679-00003844 and second one is this one. HGR5ldT_s8A-00013-00003864-00004137 This button will download all of the images HGR5ldT_s8A-00014-00004137-00004340 of the variations here HGR5ldT_s8A-00015-00004360-00004742 so actually if I go click here HGR5ldT_s8A-00016-00004818-00005006 then I will open the folder HGR5ldT_s8A-00017-00005020-00005379 where all these images will be downloaded. Let's wait a few seconds. HGR5ldT_s8A-00018-00005380-00005538 Okay, cool. HGR5ldT_s8A-00019-00005624-00005904 Here, we can see that HGR5ldT_s8A-00020-00005904-00006067 we have all of the variations HGR5ldT_s8A-00021-00006102-00006207 images. HGR5ldT_s8A-00022-00006253-00006540 The second thing is this button. This button will HGR5ldT_s8A-00023-00006540-00006833 download all of these images and also the images HGR5ldT_s8A-00024-00006833-00007144 which we have here so it's much more images HGR5ldT_s8A-00025-00007144-00007438 and this where we can just take these images HGR5ldT_s8A-00026-00007438-00007730 create a collage from them, edit these images HGR5ldT_s8A-00027-00007730-00007783 and then we can be HGR5ldT_s8A-00028-00007783-00008067 much more unique when we upload our products to eBay HGR5ldT_s8A-00029-00008067-00008321 or to any other e-commerce store; HGR5ldT_s8A-00030-00008342-00008648 so this is the first and very useful extension HGR5ldT_s8A-00031-00008648-00008862 for dropshipping from AliExpress. HGR5ldT_s8A-00032-00008862-00009256 The second extension called ePacket identifier HGR5ldT_s8A-00033-00009294-00009954 so let's go to Google. ePacket identifier HGR5ldT_s8A-00034-00010420-00011050 chrome extension HGR5ldT_s8A-00035-00011070-00011450 Not this one HGR5ldT_s8A-00036-00011450-00011922 I forgot here the "e" so ePacket HGR5ldT_s8A-00037-00012210-00012558 This is the extension "ePacket identification" HGR5ldT_s8A-00038-00012576-00012744 so when I download this extension HGR5ldT_s8A-00039-00012782-00013002 I will have it here HGR5ldT_s8A-00040-00013024-00013406 on my AliExpress. So when I go to AliExpress, HGR5ldT_s8A-00041-00013462-00013738 I can write here "t-shirt ". HGR5ldT_s8A-00042-00013884-00014090 Then, I can see here that now HGR5ldT_s8A-00043-00014119-00014300 all of the products get this HGR5ldT_s8A-00044-00014300-00014800 title here "No ePacket" to United States the prices HGR5ldT_s8A-00045-00014800-00014936 so usually I suggest HGR5ldT_s8A-00046-00014936-00015380 to work only with products which have ePacket HGR5ldT_s8A-00047-00015410-00015639 so all of these products which don't have HGR5ldT_s8A-00048-00015640-00015960 we will not work with them as they are irrelevant HGR5ldT_s8A-00049-00015984-00016210 so this extension will save us a lot of time HGR5ldT_s8A-00050-00016210-00016550 to go inside the products, HGR5ldT_s8A-00051-00016594-00016885 and then check here what's going on HGR5ldT_s8A-00052-00016885-00017330 so instead of go here and check if the product if has ePacket or not, HGR5ldT_s8A-00053-00017350-00017660 we can now even check outside of the product HGR5ldT_s8A-00054-00017660-00017850 so it's very useful and HGR5ldT_s8A-00055-00017850-00017990 time saver. HGR5ldT_s8A-00056-00018050-00018460 The third extension is extension which called "PriceBlink". HGR5ldT_s8A-00057-00018490-00018607 PriceBlink is an extension HGR5ldT_s8A-00058-00018607-00018940 which I recommend to everyone to have for any site HGR5ldT_s8A-00059-00018960-00019212 that you work with - PriceBlink HGR5ldT_s8A-00060-00019314-00019468 chrome extension. HGR5ldT_s8A-00061-00019528-00019841 The PriceBlink chrome extension is extension which will HGR5ldT_s8A-00062-00019841-00020080 show you if you have any coupons HGR5ldT_s8A-00063-00020090-00020350 available for this site, so sometimes AliExpress HGR5ldT_s8A-00064-00020350-00020626 release some coupons and in this way HGR5ldT_s8A-00065-00020626-00020948 using this extension you will see here in the top of the screen HGR5ldT_s8A-00066-00020948-00021183 that you can apply a coupon HGR5ldT_s8A-00067-00021183-00021400 so, for now, they don't have any coupon HGR5ldT_s8A-00068-00021400-00021681 but if for example I go to other site like "Bangood" HGR5ldT_s8A-00069-00021714-00022024 we will have it for example for Bangood we always have here HGR5ldT_s8A-00070-00022072-00022852 a lot of different coupons. HGR5ldT_s8A-00071-00022872-00023464 So, I really recommend to install this extension, it's free, and it will help you a lot. HGR5ldT_s8A-00072-00023486-00023767 See here, we have 20 coupons for Banggood HGR5ldT_s8A-00073-00023767-00023926 it's a lot of money that we can save. HGR5ldT_s8A-00074-00023976-00024219 The fourth extension called HGR5ldT_s8A-00075-00024219-00024350 "AliTools" HGR5ldT_s8A-00076-00024385-00024659 so let's find the extension in Google. HGR5ldT_s8A-00077-00024740-00025098 AliTools extension HGR5ldT_s8A-00078-00025502-00025733 This one, the first one AliTools HGR5ldT_s8A-00079-00025852-00026162 so if you have this extension installed, you will have HGR5ldT_s8A-00080-00026162-00026400 here this slide. HGR5ldT_s8A-00081-00026400-00026938 So what we can see here, the first thing is that we can see if the seller is trustful HGR5ldT_s8A-00082-00026938-00027364 we can this seller is good. For example, this seller is a newcomer HGR5ldT_s8A-00083-00027392-00027518 6 months on the platform. HGR5ldT_s8A-00084-00027522-00027944 You can see this seller is a bit new seller on AliExpress. HGR5ldT_s8A-00085-00027944-00028100 We can also see that 6% of the buyers HGR5ldT_s8A-00086-00028100-00028400 doesn't like the products from this seller HGR5ldT_s8A-00087-00028400-00028672 so maybe we don't want to work with this seller. HGR5ldT_s8A-00088-00028672-00028916 So It will help us with the product research HGR5ldT_s8A-00089-00028916-00029500 because we will not only take a look on the feedbacks here but we will also take a look here. HGR5ldT_s8A-00090-00029500-00029750 The other amazing thing with this extension is that HGR5ldT_s8A-00091-00029750-00029990 we have here the price so HGR5ldT_s8A-00092-00030001-00030306 if for example we see that the price is always like HGR5ldT_s8A-00093-00030320-00030469 $12.59 HGR5ldT_s8A-00094-00030502-00030758 and then when we bought the product HGR5ldT_s8A-00095-00030758-00031200 there was a peak like this for example $24.68 HGR5ldT_s8A-00096-00031200-00031833 so we can contact our seller, our actual AliExpress seller and ask for the previous price. HGR5ldT_s8A-00097-00031833-00032264 This usually works very very very well on AliExpress HGR5ldT_s8A-00098-00032264-00032542 because the seller wants to work with you, you just need to tell them HGR5ldT_s8A-00099-00032542-00032830 you are dropshipping either if you're a dropshipper. HGR5ldT_s8A-00100-00032830-00033165 and then they will work with you and they will decrease the price HGR5ldT_s8A-00101-00033165-00033462 and adapt the price to the previous price. HGR5ldT_s8A-00102-00033462-00033753 it not always working but usually works HGR5ldT_s8A-00103-00033753-00034200 and it works very fine, so I really recommend you to check before you make the purchase HGR5ldT_s8A-00104-00034200-00034532 if this product has any other price before, HGR5ldT_s8A-00105-00034532-00034834 any other cheaper price before which was stable. HGR5ldT_s8A-00106-00034834-00035373 If the price wasn't stable it will not help you but if the price is stable like in this product for example HGR5ldT_s8A-00107-00035374-00035856 so you can contact the seller and request the cheaper price. HGR5ldT_s8A-00108-00035914-00036296 The next extension is actually our extension HGR5ldT_s8A-00109-00036314-00036434 the AutoDS Helper HGR5ldT_s8A-00110-00036434-00036726 so we just need to go to Google HGR5ldT_s8A-00111-00036726-00036994 AutoDS Helper HGR5ldT_s8A-00112-00037198-00037402 Go to the first result here HGR5ldT_s8A-00113-00037570-00037800 and just install this extension. HGR5ldT_s8A-00114-00037800-00038145 This extension will save you a lot of time on some other things. HGR5ldT_s8A-00115-00038146-00038546 The first one is that - let's say that you like any category. HGR5ldT_s8A-00116-00038574-00039266 For example: T-shirts category because this is what sells well in your store and your clients are buying from you this niche products HGR5ldT_s8A-00117-00039280-00039534 So I will go to this page, HGR5ldT_s8A-00118-00039580-00039914 open the extension and here I have the extract button. HGR5ldT_s8A-00119-00039940-00040374 Now, let's say that I sold a product from any specific niche, HGR5ldT_s8A-00120-00040388-00040680 I want to maximize my profits on this specific niche. HGR5ldT_s8A-00121-00040700-00041000 This is the best technique now to find products and this is what works the best HGR5ldT_s8A-00122-00041000-00041400 because we just maximize the profits from the same niche. HGR5ldT_s8A-00123-00041400-00041714 You don't need to search for other niches or other products, HGR5ldT_s8A-00124-00041724-00042006 you just need to take more products from the same niche. HGR5ldT_s8A-00125-00042038-00042220 So I will click here "extract" HGR5ldT_s8A-00126-00042223-00042501 and I will get all the products from this page. HGR5ldT_s8A-00127-00042552-00042831 Now, I can go to the next page HGR5ldT_s8A-00128-00043108-00043470 click extract here also and I can just export as CSV HGR5ldT_s8A-00129-00043480-00043990 and upload all of these products including all of their variations to my monitor HGR5ldT_s8A-00130-00044000-00044374 actually to AutoDS but you can use it for any other monitor. HGR5ldT_s8A-00131-00044424-00044750 The other thing with this extension of AutoDS helper HGR5ldT_s8A-00132-00044750-00045200 is that you can go when you purchase the product HGR5ldT_s8A-00133-00045632-00045758 one second HGR5ldT_s8A-00134-00045900-00046352 When you go to buy the product, any of the products, I just logged in to my account HGR5ldT_s8A-00135-00046378-00046804 so you will have here HGR5ldT_s8A-00136-00046862-00047264 when you edit the address, you will have the button of the "paste address". HGR5ldT_s8A-00137-00047282-00047614 In this way, I can easily paste the address and then HGR5ldT_s8A-00138-00047646-00048062 I can very very easily make the order much faster and much easier. HGR5ldT_s8A-00139-00048097-00048680 The last extension which I would recommend for any site that you're working with and actually for anything HGR5ldT_s8A-00140-00048680-00049224 that you do in your business, it's very very very comfortable and very easy to use HGR5ldT_s8A-00141-00049224-00049520 and very time saver. HGR5ldT_s8A-00142-00049520-00049800 So this extension called Google Keep. HGR5ldT_s8A-00143-00049800-00050170 Google Keep chrome extension HGR5ldT_s8A-00144-00050694-00051010 This is the extension, just download this extension, HGR5ldT_s8A-00145-00051024-00051281 log in to your Google account, to your Gmail account HGR5ldT_s8A-00146-00051281-00051579 and then you will have here in the top the extension. HGR5ldT_s8A-00147-00051579-00051848 Now, if I click on the extension HGR5ldT_s8A-00148-00051848-00052360 I'll write here any note that I want. For example, a good t-shirt to sell. HGR5ldT_s8A-00149-00052608-00052950 found that the price is very good HGR5ldT_s8A-00150-00052974-00053320 then you can label it with good products HGR5ldT_s8A-00151-00053354-00053770 and it's saved now to my Google Keep HGR5ldT_s8A-00152-00053791-00054040 Now I can open it in my Google Keep HGR5ldT_s8A-00153-00054040-00054393 and you will see here all of the products which you saved before. HGR5ldT_s8A-00154-00054393-00054670 Here's another one, and another one, and another one. HGR5ldT_s8A-00155-00054688-00055214 This is very comfortable because it already took the link automatically for you, HGR5ldT_s8A-00156-00055214-00055555 so then you can very easily find this product HGR5ldT_s8A-00157-00055566-00056006 and in this way you can save products for later HGR5ldT_s8A-00158-00056006-00056390 make your market research and then just go and upload all of these products together HGR5ldT_s8A-00159-00056400-00056640 without any headache finding them HGR5ldT_s8A-00160-00056640-00057143 or save it in any other external files so something like this HGR5ldT_s8A-00161-00057143-00057417 everything will be inside your browser. HGR5ldT_s8A-00162-00057447-00057790 I hope that you like this video, don't forget to subscribe. HGR5ldT_s8A-00163-00057800-00058336 Write down in the comments if you have any other useful extensions so other people will learn from you. HGR5ldT_s8A-00164-00058336-00058524 See you in the next videos. Bye bye. HJxEZeiddwU-00000-00001818-00002228 Has somebody lied to you before and if so how did you feel? HJxEZeiddwU-00001-00002306-00002574 Have you lied to somebody else before? HJxEZeiddwU-00002-00002642-00002766 How'd that make you feel? HJHylZOpEZQ-00001-00000203-00000266 Happy New Year HJHylZOpEZQ-00002-00000485-00000581 새해 복 많이 받으세요. HJHylZOpEZQ-00004-00000748-00000868 明けましておめでとうございます HPVkdFDoJ60-00000-00000000-00000501 Welcome to my video HPVkdFDoJ60-00001-00000505-00001000 Thank you for this video view HPVkdFDoJ60-00002-00001000-00001508 Like, sub, share, support my channel. HPVkdFDoJ60-00003-00001516-00002000 Thank you very much HRmwMm1oCmy-00000-00000016-00000640 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: HRmwMm1oCmy-00001-00000776-00001592 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date; HRmwMm1oCmy-00002-00001712-00002592 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; HRmwMm1oCmy-00003-00002688-00003472 And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; HRmwMm1oCmy-00004-00003568-00004232 But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; HRmwMm1oCmy-00005-00004320-00005184 Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest: HRmwMm1oCmy-00006-00005272-00006014 So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. HSBUAh_l3CI-00000-00000003-00000647 Salam alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatu Sarah my name is Eliza me as me I am HSBUAh_l3CI-00001-00000647-00001503 deputy president of student representatives console okay my question HSBUAh_l3CI-00002-00001503-00002064 is what is your opinion when a leader does not express his support for matters HSBUAh_l3CI-00003-00002064-00002651 organized by Islamic Association such as intellectual programs and religious HSBUAh_l3CI-00004-00002652-00003161 program is that only silence when the program is being pressured by someone HSBUAh_l3CI-00005-00003162-00003918 who have the will to stop the program thank you that's my HSBUAh_l3CI-00006-00003918-00004503 sorry I don't understand the question clearly can you repeated I heard some part of it but I HSBUAh_l3CI-00007-00004503-00005094 didn't understand completely okay I will -- slowly clearly -- slowly okay my question HSBUAh_l3CI-00008-00005094-00005905 is or is your opinion when a leader does not express his support for matters HSBUAh_l3CI-00009-00005905-00006606 organized by Islamic Association such as intellectual programs and religious HSBUAh_l3CI-00010-00006606-00007272 program instead only silence when the program is being pressured by someone HSBUAh_l3CI-00011-00007272-00007800 who have the will to stop the program thank you the question I understand HSBUAh_l3CI-00012-00007800-00008199 correctly what should our leader who doesn't support Islamic program but his HSBUAh_l3CI-00013-00008199-00008710 pressure from outside to stop it yes because that's in the organization there is HSBUAh_l3CI-00014-00008712-00009702 non-muslim so the leader take action to take care of the non-muslim heart oh now HSBUAh_l3CI-00015-00009702-00010214 I understand that if the Islamic organization wants HSBUAh_l3CI-00016-00010214-00010721 to do an Islamic program the leader is silent because some non-muslims are HSBUAh_l3CI-00017-00010721-00011159 objecting so what should be done if the objecting HSBUAh_l3CI-00018-00011159-00011456 point number one I know you're relating to me HSBUAh_l3CI-00019-00011456-00011989 I'm aware of it that many people objected to this program why number one HSBUAh_l3CI-00020-00011989-00012545 the leader should check whether the objection is correct or not if the HSBUAh_l3CI-00021-00012545-00013039 Islamic organization is calling a speaker which is abusing other religions HSBUAh_l3CI-00022-00013039-00013570 and which is criticizing other religion and causing communal disharmony that HSBUAh_l3CI-00023-00013570-00014084 program should not be held but when someone lays the allegation Quran says HSBUAh_l3CI-00024-00014084-00014468 قُلۡ هَاتُوۡا بُرۡهَانَکُمۡ produce your proof اِنۡ کُنۡتُمۡ صٰدِقِيۡنَ‏ but if you are HSBUAh_l3CI-00025-00014468-00015134 truthful correct I know that many many a time when I go in this country the HSBUAh_l3CI-00026-00015134-00015650 Indian non Muslims they object hundred times more than the Indian non Muslim in HSBUAh_l3CI-00027-00015650-00016288 my country I don't know why when anyone objects what true believer do the leader HSBUAh_l3CI-00028-00016288-00016610 should not be scared that they lose the election the leader should be for HSBUAh_l3CI-00029-00016610-00017107 justice Allah says in the Quran in surah nisa chap number 4 verse 135 HSBUAh_l3CI-00030-00017107-00017600 يٰۤـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا oh you believe standard for justice that HSBUAh_l3CI-00031-00017600-00018023 witness to Allah subhana WA Ta'ala even if it be against yourself even if it HSBUAh_l3CI-00032-00018023-00018470 against to parent against your relatives whether they are rich or poor he HSBUAh_l3CI-00033-00018470-00018887 should say justice so someone is laying allegation and saying okay dr. zakir HSBUAh_l3CI-00034-00018887-00019220 naik is causing communal disharmony okay get me proof HSBUAh_l3CI-00035-00019220-00019823 show me one lecture show me one lecture of dr. Zakir Naik where is causing HSBUAh_l3CI-00036-00019823-00020360 communal disharmony simple you know I have given more than two thousand HSBUAh_l3CI-00037-00020360-00020897 lectures it was said by the coordinator here at listen one percent of my one HSBUAh_l3CI-00038-00020897-00021242 percent of my lecture will be 20 lectures correct forget one percent HSBUAh_l3CI-00039-00021242-00021857 point two percent at least four lectures so anyone who's laying or objection first question HSBUAh_l3CI-00040-00021857-00022106 you have to give how many lecture have you heard of dr. HSBUAh_l3CI-00041-00022106-00022834 Zakir Naik completely first question if they show you a clip out of context HSBUAh_l3CI-00042-00022834-00023530 out of context you know Quran Quran says do not pray Quran says do not pray do HSBUAh_l3CI-00043-00023530-00024337 you agree with me or not no no I'm right who says no raise your hand Quran says HSBUAh_l3CI-00044-00024337-00025042 don't pray I'm right MashaAllah so what you do not pray Quran HSBUAh_l3CI-00045-00025042-00025506 says in surah Nisa chapter 4 verse number 43 do not pray when you HSBUAh_l3CI-00046-00025506-00026266 intoxicated so when you read the context it is saying do not pray when you having HSBUAh_l3CI-00047-00026266-00026845 alcohol intoxicated but if I quote half it will give a wrong message so anyone HSBUAh_l3CI-00048-00026845-00027151 who say dr zakir naik is speaking against other religion HSBUAh_l3CI-00049-00027151-00027805 you said give the proof get me one one lecture full lecture out of the two thousand I've HSBUAh_l3CI-00050-00027805-00028470 given full lecture not clipping of two minutes out of context only one not even HSBUAh_l3CI-00051-00028470-00029137 two zakir naik promotes terrorism get one lecture one lecture only full lecture HSBUAh_l3CI-00052-00029137-00029647 read will hear the full lecture very promotes terrorism cannot the world was HSBUAh_l3CI-00053-00029647-00030364 calling me on counterterrorism the head of the counterterrorism department in UK HSBUAh_l3CI-00054-00030364-00030939 in 2009 approached me saying you can reach those Muslims who we cannot reach HSBUAh_l3CI-00055-00030939-00031489 can you help us I said under two conditions as long as you do not ask me HSBUAh_l3CI-00056-00031489-00031888 to do anything Quran and Sunnah against the Quran and Sunnah and I don't want HSBUAh_l3CI-00057-00031888-00032241 your money they agreed next year the government HSBUAh_l3CI-00058-00032241-00032635 change Labor Party lost conservative cable now they want to call me a HSBUAh_l3CI-00059-00032635-00033280 terrorist ajeeb Indian government calling me to give lecture National Academy the HSBUAh_l3CI-00060-00033280-00033706 biggest Training Center in India for the police I have given lecture there many HSBUAh_l3CI-00061-00033706-00034797 times new government saying I am terrorist ajeeb what happened to the world I ask anyone HSBUAh_l3CI-00062-00034797-00035466 who speaks against me at least get me one proof not two one not out of context HSBUAh_l3CI-00063-00035466-00035897 it is so easy the media here speaks against me I ask the journal HSBUAh_l3CI-00064-00035897-00036402 how many lectures have you scene of mine not even single you don't see a single HSBUAh_l3CI-00065-00036402-00037062 lecture of mine and telling zakir is spreading hatred is it justified the leader HSBUAh_l3CI-00066-00037062-00037446 should not get scared and if actually the Muslim dayees spreading hatred HSBUAh_l3CI-00067-00037446-00037994 you should not be called but don't quote out of context you know the Malaysian paper say HSBUAh_l3CI-00068-00037994-00038418 dr. zakir naik is ban in any country do you know I'm not banned in a single HSBUAh_l3CI-00069-00038418-00039065 country only once I was banned in UK from 2010 and the let says for three HSBUAh_l3CI-00070-00039065-00039699 years officially I was banned only in one country for three years from 2010 HSBUAh_l3CI-00071-00039699-00040512 June till May 2013 that's it there is not a single country in the HSBUAh_l3CI-00072-00040512-00040977 world that I know of which has banned me but yet the press said yes that's a HSBUAh_l3CI-00073-00040977-00041402 different question that half the country won't give me visa if a country doesn't HSBUAh_l3CI-00074-00041402-00041969 give me visa doesn't mean a band in the country indian presses I'm banned in HSBUAh_l3CI-00075-00041969-00042693 Malaysia ajeeb this is the job of the press to lay allegation Allah says in the Quran HSBUAh_l3CI-00076-00042693-00043241 in surah Hujurat chapter 49 verse number 6 whenever you get information check it up HSBUAh_l3CI-00077-00043241-00043684 before you pass it on the third person verified you don't have to believe it HSBUAh_l3CI-00078-00043684-00044375 unfortunately what nonsense the media writes get proof that's the reason when HSBUAh_l3CI-00079-00044375-00044840 Indian gov you know there is not a single court in the world anywhere in HSBUAh_l3CI-00080-00044840-00045293 the world including India which has passed a verdict against me I want to HSBUAh_l3CI-00081-00045293-00045794 repeat there is not a single court anywhere in the world not even anywhere HSBUAh_l3CI-00082-00045794-00046325 in India which has passed a verdict against me as complains thousands there HSBUAh_l3CI-00083-00046325-00046827 are thousands of complaints against me FIR filed against me not a single ver- HSBUAh_l3CI-00084-00046827-00047481 dict against me even the case which the government has filed against me for HSBUAh_l3CI-00085-00047481-00048143 money laundering last year in January 2018 it was a Sikh judge justice HSBUAh_l3CI-00086-00048143-00048502 Manmohan I don't know him I have not met him first time I heard about him HSBUAh_l3CI-00087-00048502-00049141 fortunately he had seen my videos he's telling the investigation lawyer HSBUAh_l3CI-00088-00049141-00049625 have you seen the lecturer dr. zakir naik he says No he said I've seen get HSBUAh_l3CI-00089-00049625-00050441 me one lecture where he speaks for terrorism I will ban him I will I will sue to do HSBUAh_l3CI-00090-00050441-00050850 all these properties of confiscated they could not again HSBUAh_l3CI-00091-00050850-00051312 last month in March again they want to cause him the under configured my HSBUAh_l3CI-00092-00051312-00052052 property money laundry the same judge says get me one proof not two so the HSBUAh_l3CI-00093-00052052-00052641 verdicts have come for me yet the precious money laundering money laundering what HSBUAh_l3CI-00094-00052641-00053112 they do they pick up an article from India if the article is negative it will HSBUAh_l3CI-00095-00053112-00053529 start by saying a controversial speaker dr. zakir naik when you read the first HSBUAh_l3CI-00096-00053529-00053939 sentence you understand it's a negative article I was with one very famous HSBUAh_l3CI-00097-00053939-00054357 Muslim news agency here media I won't take the name and the owner was my fan HSBUAh_l3CI-00098-00054357-00054879 he took my interview I said bhai why do you copy verbatim you're copying from HSBUAh_l3CI-00099-00054879-00055220 other people without checking why do you copy at least change the HSBUAh_l3CI-00100-00055220-00055737 starting line who's not controversial every famous person in the world is HSBUAh_l3CI-00101-00055737-00056117 controversial there's not a single famous person in the world who has no HSBUAh_l3CI-00102-00056117-00056574 controversy can you point out one one famous person in the world who's not HSBUAh_l3CI-00103-00056574-00057254 controversial can you point out so if they want to write a favorable article HSBUAh_l3CI-00104-00057254-00057777 they will say world-renowned speaker if they want to write against a HSBUAh_l3CI-00105-00057777-00058374 controversial speaker the problem is anyone leaves the allegation get proof HSBUAh_l3CI-00106-00058374-00058892 and that's the reason when the Indian government wanted to put me on the HSBUAh_l3CI-00107-00058892-00059457 Interpol if any government rush to the interpol that is a terrorist 99.9% HSBUAh_l3CI-00108-00059457-00060000 they'll put him on the list in my case they did not why today HSBUAh_l3CI-00109-00060000-00060420 if you tell a muslim is the terrorist to the interpol 99% they will put him on HSBUAh_l3CI-00110-00060420-00061454 the list in my case the interpol rejected the interpol rejected india why HSBUAh_l3CI-00111-00061454-00061952 fabricated indian government as are so many countries give up the case HSBUAh_l3CI-00112-00061952-00062562 not a single Muslim country gave me up why why because they know it's a HSBUAh_l3CI-00113-00062562-00062997 fabrication I know that some Muslim country that will give up all Muslim countries HSBUAh_l3CI-00114-00062997-00063332 are not truthful all Muslim country don't believe in the words of the Quran HSBUAh_l3CI-00115-00063332-00063660 surah Nisa 4:135 we say that standard for justice HSBUAh_l3CI-00116-00063660-00064142 I really appreciate Tun Mahathir. Tun Dr Mahathir is one of the few HSBUAh_l3CI-00117-00064142-00064512 politician who will fight for the rights of the Muslim even if it goes against HSBUAh_l3CI-00118-00064512-00065216 himself I appreciate him as far as the Muslim HSBUAh_l3CI-00119-00065216-00065738 rights are concerned even though having the government which many of the MPs are HSBUAh_l3CI-00120-00065738-00066470 non-muslim he's very just what we have to appreciate he was the first person in HSBUAh_l3CI-00121-00066470-00067025 the world who filed in the tribunal of Kuala Lumpur war tribunal and he did a HSBUAh_l3CI-00122-00067025-00067544 case against George Bush and Tony Blair first time and said if these president of HSBUAh_l3CI-00123-00067544-00068108 America and the past president of UK if they have to step in militia we will HSBUAh_l3CI-00124-00068108-00068669 arrest them MashaAllah who had the guts Tun Dr Mahathir that time he was in the prime HSBUAh_l3CI-00125-00068669-00069119 minister also Allah brought him back I don't know what they are the politics HSBUAh_l3CI-00126-00069119-00069693 but I know for sure that what is Haqq what is truth you have to fight he's one of HSBUAh_l3CI-00127-00069693-00070088 the few Muslim politicians has the guts all Muslim politicians don't have the HSBUAh_l3CI-00128-00070088-00070595 guts they will give the decision based on the benefit ok if I if I go against HSBUAh_l3CI-00129-00070595-00071201 this Muslim I'll get more votes ok even the Muslim is correct no put him HSBUAh_l3CI-00130-00071201-00071882 into problems what we have to realize but the media the biggest problem is the HSBUAh_l3CI-00131-00071882-00072549 media with fake news fake news I challenge any of the news any of the HSBUAh_l3CI-00132-00072549-00072968 news media in any country in the world whether it be India whether it be USA HSBUAh_l3CI-00133-00072968-00073325 whether UK whether Malaysia who writes article against me how many lectures of HSBUAh_l3CI-00134-00073325-00073619 they seen of mine even if they've seen any one lecture HSBUAh_l3CI-00135-00073619-00074006 can they point out that lecture and show it on the television I will pay the HSBUAh_l3CI-00136-00074006-00074549 money that is against humanity I challenge they are doing a propaganda HSBUAh_l3CI-00137-00074549-00075264 so here if someone is laying allegation the leader should ask for proof ok HSBUAh_l3CI-00138-00075264-00075649 Dr zakir naik spoke against.. get the full lecture we will see it in an auditorium HSBUAh_l3CI-00139-00075649-00076383 show it and anyone who has little knowledge of Islam he will be able to HSBUAh_l3CI-00140-00076383-00076849 prove that this lecture is not causing communal disharmony because Quran HSBUAh_l3CI-00141-00076849-00077502 clearly states in surah Anam chapter number 6 verse number 108 that if that abuse HSBUAh_l3CI-00142-00077502-00077935 not those people who they worship besides Allah the God who they worship HSBUAh_l3CI-00143-00077935-00078385 besides Allah left in the ignorance they will abuse allah subhanaw taala hope HSBUAh_l3CI-00144-00078385-00078662 the answer this question brother. HZT1TiT3dTE-00000-00000496-00000783 There are two kind of type for your reference HZT1TiT3dTE-00001-00000783-00001036 DY1040 and DY1380 HZT1TiT3dTE-00002-00002393-00002666 Which kind of type is best for you HZT1TiT3dTE-00003-00002666-00003023 it’s up to your cost and capacity requirement HZT1TiT3dTE-00004-00004620-00005110 PS foam food container machine can produce disposable foam dishes HZT1TiT3dTE-00005-00005110-00005320 lunch box and egg tray etc HZT1TiT3dTE-00006-00006830-00007336 In addition you can send your product picture and product size HZT1TiT3dTE-00007-00007376-00007620 we supple the customized service HaKeAFfYZkI-00000-00000005-00000549 Hi everyone, this is Lyle from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In this video HaKeAFfYZkI-00001-00000549-00000951 we're going to get started on coding a Mars helicopter video game using black HaKeAFfYZkI-00002-00000951-00001392 programming. The Mars helicopter is a technology demonstration mission HaKeAFfYZkI-00003-00001392-00001791 designed to show that a small lightweight helicopter can fly in the HaKeAFfYZkI-00004-00001791-00002219 thin atmosphere of Mars. To complete this programming challenge you'll need to HaKeAFfYZkI-00005-00002219-00002607 download some files. The link at the end of this video will take you to a website HaKeAFfYZkI-00006-00002607-00003059 with the files and more detailed instructions. We're going to use a free HaKeAFfYZkI-00007-00003059-00003440 programming language called scratch. You can create an account if you want to HaKeAFfYZkI-00008-00003440-00003896 revisit and edit your project later but you can simply click create to get HaKeAFfYZkI-00009-00003896-00004476 started. The first thing you'll need to do is get the helicopter to Mars. Select HaKeAFfYZkI-00010-00004476-00004953 upload a backdrop from the choose a backdrop menu, browse to the files you HaKeAFfYZkI-00011-00004953-00005462 downloaded earlier and pick one of the Mars backdrop images. You should see your HaKeAFfYZkI-00012-00005462-00006032 backdrop image in the stage area now. Next add the helicopter by clicking HaKeAFfYZkI-00013-00006032-00006494 upload sprite from the choose a sprite menu, select the helicopter sprite that HaKeAFfYZkI-00014-00006494-00006933 you downloaded. Since we haven't discovered life on Mars yet let's get HaKeAFfYZkI-00015-00006933-00007320 rid of the existing sprite by clicking on it in the sprites window and clicking HaKeAFfYZkI-00016-00007320-00007818 the X in the corner. Now you need to program controls for the helicopter. The HaKeAFfYZkI-00017-00007818-00008250 Mars helicopter won't be controlled in real time with a joystick or a keyboard HaKeAFfYZkI-00018-00008250-00008668 from Earth but your game players will need some way to control the helicopter. HaKeAFfYZkI-00019-00008668-00009195 Create blocks of code that will make your helicopter fly up, down, left, and HaKeAFfYZkI-00020-00009195-00009690 right when certain keys are pressed on the keyboard. There is more than one way HaKeAFfYZkI-00021-00009690-00010131 to code these controls but try starting with a block that says when the green HaKeAFfYZkI-00022-00010131-00010560 flag is clicked, this will give you more options to control your code as you get HaKeAFfYZkI-00023-00010560-00011121 further into making your game. Look for an if/then block to add control to the HaKeAFfYZkI-00024-00011121-00011667 helicopter and figure out what needs to be added to make the helicopter move. Try HaKeAFfYZkI-00025-00011667-00012102 looking at the sensing and motion code sections for useful blocks. If your HaKeAFfYZkI-00026-00012102-00012528 helicopter doesn't seem to be moving after you click the green flag, make sure HaKeAFfYZkI-00027-00012528-00012986 your code blocks are in a forever loop, otherwise the code will only run during HaKeAFfYZkI-00028-00012986-00013299 the brief moment that you first click the green flag. HaKeAFfYZkI-00029-00013299-00013788 Don't forget to include code that will keep your helicopter oriented with its HaKeAFfYZkI-00030-00013788-00014358 rotor on top no matter what direction it's traveling. If your code is working HaKeAFfYZkI-00031-00014358-00015012 properly you should get something like this. Next you'll need to add a takeoff HaKeAFfYZkI-00032-00015012-00015501 location, you can create code blocks that put the helicopter in the same location HaKeAFfYZkI-00033-00015501-00015999 at the start of the game. Use x and y coordinates from the stage area to mark HaKeAFfYZkI-00034-00015999-00016422 a starting point. Like before start with the "when the HaKeAFfYZkI-00035-00016422-00016872 green flag is clicked block", if you're not sure what to do next try looking at HaKeAFfYZkI-00036-00016872-00017349 blocks in the motion section. As a challenge consider creating code blocks HaKeAFfYZkI-00037-00017349-00017795 that make the helicopter start in random spots whenever the game has restarted. HaKeAFfYZkI-00038-00017795-00018324 Now that your helicopter can fly and has a takeoff location it needs a landing HaKeAFfYZkI-00039-00018324-00018897 site. The Mars helicopter will start with a straight up and down flight, later its HaKeAFfYZkI-00040-00018897-00019344 flights will become more complex and travel up to hundreds of meters. You'll HaKeAFfYZkI-00041-00019344-00019782 need to create a landing site for the helicopter. While the helicopter on Mars HaKeAFfYZkI-00042-00019782-00020214 won't have a landing pad, your game players will need to know where to land. HaKeAFfYZkI-00043-00020214-00020757 You can draw a landing location with the backdrop costume editor or you can add a HaKeAFfYZkI-00044-00020757-00021240 sprite that will serve as a landing target. If you developed a code block to HaKeAFfYZkI-00045-00021240-00021723 move the helicopter to random takeoff spots, try making code that moves the HaKeAFfYZkI-00046-00021723-00022220 landing target to a different random location each time the game is started. HaKeAFfYZkI-00047-00022220-00022812 The Mars helicopter flights could last up to 90 seconds, to add difficulty to HaKeAFfYZkI-00048-00022812-00023256 the game create a countdown timer that limits how long players have to get to HaKeAFfYZkI-00049-00023256-00023739 the landing site. To do this create a time variable that starts when the game HaKeAFfYZkI-00050-00023739-00024258 begins and counts down to zero, add code blocks that make the gameplay stop when HaKeAFfYZkI-00051-00024258-00024801 the timer reaches zero. The timer should be long enough that the game can be won HaKeAFfYZkI-00052-00024801-00025503 but not so long that it's easy to win. Success for game players can be the same HaKeAFfYZkI-00053-00025503-00025977 as success for the Mars helicopter mission. Mission success will be achieved HaKeAFfYZkI-00054-00025977-00026408 when the helicopter makes its first controlled flight on Mars, so develop HaKeAFfYZkI-00055-00026408-00026670 code blocks that announce mission success HaKeAFfYZkI-00056-00026670-00027210 the game players successfully fly and land the helicopter on the target. Now HaKeAFfYZkI-00057-00027210-00027576 that you have the basics of your game coded think of ways you can improve your HaKeAFfYZkI-00058-00027576-00028023 game or make your code more efficient. Challenge family and friends to play HaKeAFfYZkI-00059-00028023-00028512 your game and ask them for feedback on how it can be improved. Visit the URL on HaKeAFfYZkI-00060-00028512-00028860 the screen or click the link in the video description to download the HaKeAFfYZkI-00061-00028860-00029232 required files and see more suggested gaming features you can add through HaKeAFfYZkI-00062-00029232-00029663 coding. Good luck and safe flying. HdhTboGNwmE-00000-00000284-00001818 we don't do who he'd love he wouldn't exist Cretu dropped last week and was it HdhTboGNwmE-00001-00001818-00002325 worthy for you to go and catch the theater be or should you just wait and HdhTboGNwmE-00002-00002325-00002926 stream it at home we're going to talk about it in this video HdhTboGNwmE-00003-00003849-00004312 what's good YouTube you back in the building with the all-knowing I love you HdhTboGNwmE-00004-00004312-00004828 know feeling I'm saying all-powerful just damn all everything the sex is hell HdhTboGNwmE-00005-00004828-00005215 host of the life game channel bringing you your life game and streaming or beam HdhTboGNwmE-00006-00005215-00005758 and helping you save money at the movie theater if possible recovering Cretu but HdhTboGNwmE-00007-00005758-00006352 before we do that y'all know we put on the plus seven glasses of cinema sexy as HdhTboGNwmE-00008-00006352-00006736 hell because we working on sprints filling up our craft bringing you a more HdhTboGNwmE-00009-00006736-00007186 informed YouTube expanding something better to look at sponsors for this HdhTboGNwmE-00010-00007186-00007752 video this week the Robin Hood out if you're not investing in stocks and bonds HdhTboGNwmE-00011-00007752-00008272 particularly stops grab the app is free they will even give you a free stop and HdhTboGNwmE-00012-00008272-00008806 also if you're streaming online get ipvanish put it on your system so you HdhTboGNwmE-00013-00008806-00009220 can keep your streaming protected and private and go subscribe to the life HdhTboGNwmE-00014-00009220-00009634 gains Fitness channel I'll start putting my content back up there in January to HdhTboGNwmE-00015-00009634-00010275 help all y'all get ready for the new year nice and fit Cretu was a great HdhTboGNwmE-00016-00010275-00010888 movie and if you're not familiar with the Creed series Creed 1 start Michael B HdhTboGNwmE-00017-00010888-00011380 Jordan who is the son of Creed from the Rocky movies and Michael B Jordan hit it HdhTboGNwmE-00018-00011380-00011925 out the park and in this movie same thing he did a great job HdhTboGNwmE-00019-00011925-00012430 he stole the show this time I felt like in the first Creed so Festus Stallone HdhTboGNwmE-00020-00012430-00012975 stole the show but this time the showstopper the Shawn Michaels of Creed HdhTboGNwmE-00021-00012975-00013504 2 was Michael B Jordan and this was a great follow-up movie ladies and HdhTboGNwmE-00022-00013504-00014047 gentlemen the movie follows the same kind of rhythm and road that you're used HdhTboGNwmE-00023-00014047-00014575 to seeing from these type of fight movies from the Rockies from Creed they HdhTboGNwmE-00024-00014575-00014997 put a little different spin on a being that with this movie you got to know the HdhTboGNwmE-00025-00014997-00015556 relationship and perspective of Michael B Jordan character as Creed because he HdhTboGNwmE-00026-00015556-00016018 had a girlfriend that's pregnant and a lot of us know that when you have kids HdhTboGNwmE-00027-00016018-00016426 it crystallizes life for you it gives you a new perspective HdhTboGNwmE-00028-00016426-00016823 so with that dynamic coming as well as the diamond HdhTboGNwmE-00029-00016823-00017512 this big huge Russian coming who just happens to be the son of the character HdhTboGNwmE-00030-00017512-00017939 from the Rocky movie and what they did a good job of doing it this movie is going HdhTboGNwmE-00031-00017939-00018419 through his backstory as well so you got to see what has the big Russian been up HdhTboGNwmE-00032-00018419-00018869 to since rocky how has he been training his son to be ready for another fight HdhTboGNwmE-00033-00018869-00019394 and to possibly knock out and kill somebody in the ring and their story is HdhTboGNwmE-00034-00019394-00019823 one where you see two assholes a daddy training the young asshole getting him HdhTboGNwmE-00035-00019823-00020254 prepared to go and fight when it comes to the fight scenes in this movie they HdhTboGNwmE-00036-00020254-00020789 were brutal they was as long as you might would have hoped them to be but HdhTboGNwmE-00037-00020789-00021337 man there was blood there was guts that was things from all over the ring kind HdhTboGNwmE-00038-00021337-00021881 of what you would want to see in a fight movie with all of these sports type HdhTboGNwmE-00039-00021881-00022223 movies ladies and gentlemen you know that they all are going to give you a HdhTboGNwmE-00040-00022223-00022798 training montage with the old throwback movies cats running out in the snow HdhTboGNwmE-00041-00022798-00023438 behind a car cats out there plowing wood doing all these training things to get HdhTboGNwmE-00042-00023438-00023990 ready for the battle yeah yeah you get all that in this movie this movie is a HdhTboGNwmE-00043-00023990-00024532 good cross between I don't know a traditional sports story maybe a little HdhTboGNwmE-00044-00024532-00024923 bit of drama because they do go into the back stories of the families which HdhTboGNwmE-00045-00024923-00025445 actually fits this type of action movie it'd be something like you saying how HdhTboGNwmE-00046-00025445-00026018 they would mesh maybe he man is Lord of the Rings and you mesh it with Star Wars HdhTboGNwmE-00047-00026018-00026383 only this time y'all can y'all keep that shit in space don't bring it to earth HdhTboGNwmE-00048-00026383-00026741 unless y'all gonna have like some kind of time portal what he meant can go from HdhTboGNwmE-00049-00026741-00027328 Grayskull to Earth but they've done a good job of bringing that story together HdhTboGNwmE-00050-00027328-00027926 I would highly recommend you go catch the theater beam in this movie to get HdhTboGNwmE-00051-00027926-00028391 the full experience and it's possibly a good movie for you to stream when it HdhTboGNwmE-00052-00028391-00028819 comes out whether you want to get it on blu-ray DVD or have you liked your HdhTboGNwmE-00053-00028819-00029363 strings but Creed 2 it's definitely a good movie Michael B Jordan is HdhTboGNwmE-00054-00029363-00029913 continuing his excellence from this past year and being killed Marvel on black HdhTboGNwmE-00055-00029913-00030362 Panther because in this movie when they get in the ring and they square off HdhTboGNwmE-00056-00030362-00030969 Drago is so much bigger than Michael B Jordan it takes an outstanding piece of HdhTboGNwmE-00057-00030969-00031408 acting to live up to the height to actually overcome what he needs to HdhTboGNwmE-00058-00031408-00031947 overcome in that fight and that's gonna do it for this video don't forget to HdhTboGNwmE-00059-00031947-00032518 like this video comment and subscribe go get yourself a life game go see create HdhTboGNwmE-00060-00032518-00032968 two people great entertainment at the movie theatres and until the net sex is HdhTboGNwmE-00061-00032968-00033689 hell video I'll see you I0BeBJdxKIU-00000-00000133-00000333 THE MARITIME THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE FORUM I0BeBJdxKIU-00001-00000333-00000590 WRAPPED UP ITS AT SEA DEMONSTRATION 2015 EVENT. I0BeBJdxKIU-00002-00000590-00000930 THE MTMD FORUM IS ALLOWING PARTNER NATIONS TO IMPROVE I0BeBJdxKIU-00003-00000930-00001167 THEIR DEFENSE CAPABILITIES AGAINST BALLASTIC AND I0BeBJdxKIU-00004-00001167-00001271 CRUISE MISSLES. I0BeBJdxKIU-00005-00001307-00001508 CYBER SECURITY IS A CONSTANT THREAT TO THE I0BeBJdxKIU-00006-00001508-00001661 NAVY AND IT'S MISSION. I0BeBJdxKIU-00007-00001661-00001881 THE NAVY ESTABLISHED A CYBER SECURTY DIVISION I0BeBJdxKIU-00008-00001881-00002098 WHICH WILL OVERSEE THE NAVY'S APPROACH TO CYBER I0BeBJdxKIU-00009-00002098-00002212 SECURITY. I0BeBJdxKIU-00010-00002212-00002435 THE MOST CRITICAL MEMBER OF THE NAVY CYBER SECURITY I0BeBJdxKIU-00011-00002435-00002535 TEAM IS YOU. I0BeBJdxKIU-00012-00002572-00002779 NAVAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS COMMAND WANTS TO REMIND I0BeBJdxKIU-00013-00002779-00002979 SAILORS OF HOLIDAY MAILING DATES FOR DELIVERY OF I0BeBJdxKIU-00014-00002979-00003176 HOLIDAY CARDS, LETTERS AND PACKAGES. I0BeBJdxKIU-00015-00003209-00003450 ALL CLASSES OF MAIL ADDRESSED TO FPO ADDRESSES I0BeBJdxKIU-00016-00003450-00003723 MUST CONTAIN THE NEW NAVY STANDARDIZED FORMAT, I0BeBJdxKIU-00017-00003723-00003920 WHICH INCLUDES SHIP OR MOBILE UNIT NUMBER, I0BeBJdxKIU-00018-00003920-00004194 VIRTUAL MAIL BOX NUMBER, AND FIVE-DIGIT ZIP CODE TO I0BeBJdxKIU-00019-00004194-00004294 ENSURE DELIVERY. I0BeBJdxKIU-00020-00004294-00004494 TO LEARN MORE ABOUT HOLIDAY MAILING AND I0BeBJdxKIU-00021-00004494-00004694 SHIPPING COSTS VISIT THE UNITED STATES POSTAL I0BeBJdxKIU-00022-00004694-00004804 SERVICE WEBSITE. I0BeBJdxKIU-00023-00004804-00005068 FOR THESE STORIES AND MORE VISIT NAVY.MIL. I0RWzqHRa_u-00000-00081954-00082588 This is the IETF Plenary. Please come on in and take a seat you're standing in the back. I0RWzqHRa_u-00001-00084231-00084701 If people who are standing in the back could close the door in behind you and I0RWzqHRa_u-00002-00084701-00085443 come on in and take a seat that would be great welcome to the plenary session I0RWzqHRa_u-00003-00085443-00086189 here at IETF 104 my name is Alissa Cooper I'm the chair of the IETF we're here in I0RWzqHRa_u-00004-00086189-00087587 lovely Prague once again one of our favorite cities as people probably know I0RWzqHRa_u-00005-00087587-00088214 a typical IETF meeting we have lots of great tutorials we actually had a longer I0RWzqHRa_u-00006-00088214-00088929 tutorial session just today on modern router architecture and earlier this I0RWzqHRa_u-00007-00088929-00089393 week on Sunday there was a really a really special tutorial where we went I0RWzqHRa_u-00008-00089393-00089843 kind of above and beyond the typical content I don't know how many of you got I0RWzqHRa_u-00009-00089843-00090336 to go but there was a tutorial about how to create an internet so in case you I0RWzqHRa_u-00010-00090336-00091031 don't like the one that we have we're trying to teach people if anybody wants I0RWzqHRa_u-00011-00091031-00091317 to come to the mic later and tell us what they learned in the tutorial about I0RWzqHRa_u-00012-00091317-00091650 how to create an internet I think the rest of us would be very much I0RWzqHRa_u-00013-00091650-00092081 appreciative in fact it was a tutorial about how to create an internet draft I0RWzqHRa_u-00014-00092081-00092552 with tools that support our new RFC format so I actually encourage you to go I0RWzqHRa_u-00015-00092552-00092900 take a look at the at the materials there if you're going to be submitting I0RWzqHRa_u-00016-00092900-00093563 drafts in the new RFC format and if you're less interested in building a new I0RWzqHRa_u-00017-00093563-00094086 internet and more interested in building something else you may have checked out I0RWzqHRa_u-00018-00094086-00094643 the adjacent conference about the inter snack if anybody attended that and you I0RWzqHRa_u-00019-00094643-00094958 want to come to the microphone and tell us what that's about that would also be I0RWzqHRa_u-00020-00094958-00095330 most appreciative I really want to know what the interesting hack is because I I0RWzqHRa_u-00021-00095330-00096125 have no idea what it actually is so here's a bit on our agenda today we'll I0RWzqHRa_u-00022-00096125-00096638 be hearing from our meeting co-hosts shortly then we'll have brief updates I0RWzqHRa_u-00023-00096638-00097175 from myself from our outgoing and incoming I RTF chairs from the RFC I0RWzqHRa_u-00024-00097175-00097515 editor from those who work on the I0RWzqHRa_u-00025-00097515-00098022 administration of the IETF both at the staff level and the board level we'll I0RWzqHRa_u-00026-00098022-00098682 hear from the IETF trust and from our previous sonam comm chair substitute I0RWzqHRa_u-00027-00098682-00099063 because our actual previous NomCom chairs couldn't be with us in our next I0RWzqHRa_u-00028-00099063-00099693 non-pom chair we'll hear a little bit about the upcoming Costello award for I0RWzqHRa_u-00029-00099693-00100521 this year a preview of IETF 105 will have a recognition portion for a number I0RWzqHRa_u-00030-00100521-00100914 of people who will be transitioning out of various roles in the IETF I0RWzqHRa_u-00031-00100914-00101366 and then we're gonna have our typical open microphone sessions you'll see I0RWzqHRa_u-00032-00101366-00101871 because we no longer have the IAO C we will have an open microphone session I0RWzqHRa_u-00033-00101871-00102485 with the IETF LLC board for the first time and there's no technical plenary I0RWzqHRa_u-00034-00102485-00103244 topic today so I'm sure this will be very short and sweet so first I'd like I0RWzqHRa_u-00035-00103244-00103805 to thank our co-host for this meeting I0RWzqHRa_u-00036-00104122-00104494 we wouldn't be able to put these meetings on without the support of our I0RWzqHRa_u-00037-00104494-00105019 sponsors and in particular of our hosts who make a huge donation of support to I0RWzqHRa_u-00038-00105019-00105580 the ITF so if I could ask Cullen and Andre to come up we have gifts of I0RWzqHRa_u-00039-00105580-00105858 appreciation for you I0RWzqHRa_u-00040-00109682-00110303 so hello everybody welcome to Pratt coming for me it's your fifth meeting in I0RWzqHRa_u-00041-00110303-00111053 Prague who you know everything and very difficult position as you know seventh I0RWzqHRa_u-00042-00111053-00111474 time I'm speaking in front of you trying to say something silly about Czech I0RWzqHRa_u-00043-00111474-00112004 Republic and trying to avoid talking about my company and guys I'm really you I0RWzqHRa_u-00044-00112004-00112746 know getting out of topics so last time I think I spoke a little bit about Czech I0RWzqHRa_u-00045-00112746-00113654 language I talked to some some Czech words in IETF 93 I I've talked about you I0RWzqHRa_u-00046-00113654-00114440 know the Czech personality how objects behave and you know this time I would I0RWzqHRa_u-00047-00114440-00114859 like to talk a little bit about the area I think you all know it because it's I0RWzqHRa_u-00048-00114859-00115422 your fourth time here but still if maybe I can share the few words from from a I0RWzqHRa_u-00049-00115422-00116102 viewpoint of a local so here's the map of Prague and I would like to introduce I0RWzqHRa_u-00050-00116102-00116724 you five city districts they are very close you can walk there although you I0RWzqHRa_u-00051-00116732-00117120 know you have the train ticket for the whole week so we can travel to to all I0RWzqHRa_u-00052-00117120-00117606 the various parts of Prague but those areas those districts are walkable. We I0RWzqHRa_u-00053-00117606-00118214 are in a pretty like modern park called Karine to be honest is not very I0RWzqHRa_u-00054-00118214-00118787 interesting part of Prague it used to be an industrial area so there were queues I0RWzqHRa_u-00055-00118787-00119417 to be many warehouses now it's turning to a residential area one interesting I0RWzqHRa_u-00056-00119417-00119987 fact is that here used to invent one of the greatest I0RWzqHRa_u-00057-00119987-00120425 invention inventors of the Czech history. The creator who created the I0RWzqHRa_u-00058-00120425-00121194 Socialists adjustable arc lamp which the time was superior to Edison's light bulb I0RWzqHRa_u-00059-00121194-00121874 but other than that they are not very nice part of track one interesting fact I0RWzqHRa_u-00060-00121874-00122433 about this part it was really badly damaged by a great flood in 2002 many I0RWzqHRa_u-00061-00122433-00122898 many houses collapsed which surprisingly let's do a new development of this area I0RWzqHRa_u-00062-00122898-00123282 so many new houses were built many offices or residential houses were built I0RWzqHRa_u-00063-00123282-00123785 even actually this this hotel was flooded in 2002 we wouldn't be here I0RWzqHRa_u-00064-00123785-00124470 because the water was a bit higher and what was interesting that the management I0RWzqHRa_u-00065-00124470-00124880 of the of the hotel had a very interesting plan when the water level I0RWzqHRa_u-00066-00124880-00125394 was rising they they flooded the basement of the hotel by clear water so I0RWzqHRa_u-00067-00125394-00125963 when the flood came this water helped the building statics and also the dirty I0RWzqHRa_u-00068-00125963-00126488 water couldn't get in so this is hotel was really pretty quickly after the I0RWzqHRa_u-00069-00126488-00126945 flood while the other building as I said some of them collapse or or couldn't be I0RWzqHRa_u-00070-00126945-00127580 used for a long time another area you probably know quite well it's called I0RWzqHRa_u-00071-00127580-00127984 nove mesto this to translate is called new town I0RWzqHRa_u-00072-00127984-00128441 it's a little bit weird name because new town is part of what we call the I0RWzqHRa_u-00073-00128441-00129259 historical center of prat so it has been new for more than 650 years actually but I0RWzqHRa_u-00074-00129349-00129887 it's still a little bit younger brother of City Park called Old Town which is I0RWzqHRa_u-00075-00129887-00130383 more than thousand years old so that's why it was it was founded by one of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00076-00130383-00130828 greatest kings and Charles the force who really you know I0RWzqHRa_u-00077-00130828-00131504 was pretty important for the city so he founded this city power the new town and I0RWzqHRa_u-00078-00131504-00131853 also another part which which I really like I0RWzqHRa_u-00079-00131853-00132447 it's called the Nahanni the translation is Waimea so it was not supposed to be a I0RWzqHRa_u-00080-00132447-00133026 residential area right it is now but it really was an attempt to produce wine in I0RWzqHRa_u-00081-00133026-00134255 this in this code and city so it was not really successful and also after you I0RWzqHRa_u-00082-00134255-00134889 know the rapid growth of the city and the like 150 years ago the municipality I0RWzqHRa_u-00083-00134889-00135519 decided to turn it to residential area so that was the end of attempt trying to I0RWzqHRa_u-00084-00135519-00135990 grow grapes in in Prague and we could really fully concentrate on beer which I I0RWzqHRa_u-00085-00135990-00136749 think was very very good idea so and it's still working now so this is one of I0RWzqHRa_u-00086-00136749-00137127 the dominant of the of the of the auditorium there is much less tourists I0RWzqHRa_u-00087-00137127-00137778 and in the city center and a lot of great restaurants and pubs their second I0RWzqHRa_u-00088-00137778-00138317 dominant is another church it's on the city square called non EST uses palabra I0RWzqHRa_u-00089-00138317-00138915 I know it's very easy to say that name there is a there's a underground station I0RWzqHRa_u-00090-00138915-00139410 with the same name is USP develop and for some strange reasons the ex body is I0RWzqHRa_u-00091-00139410-00139869 the furnace living here ecologist gzp I don't know why item they somehow don't I0RWzqHRa_u-00092-00139869-00140421 wanna say this beautiful name interesting about this City Square is I0RWzqHRa_u-00093-00140421-00140958 that the main building of seasoning is like 102 meters from from the church so I0RWzqHRa_u-00094-00140958-00141621 that's an NRI work and that's that's what we like there another and maybe I0RWzqHRa_u-00095-00141621-00141984 more interesting part is called Shishkoff it has the same history as I0RWzqHRa_u-00096-00141984-00142596 wine art it was also part of money at the time and then why now it was split I0RWzqHRa_u-00097-00142596-00142953 into two areas one it's now called Vinogradov minor again I0RWzqHRa_u-00098-00142953-00143714 and the second part good a named after one of the most interesting commanders I0RWzqHRa_u-00099-00143714-00144333 his his name was jischke of course and this is one of the six european I0RWzqHRa_u-00100-00144333-00144822 commanders who never lost a single battle and this is not caused by the I0RWzqHRa_u-00101-00144822-00145263 fact that he didn't battle at all but this was caught by the fact that he was I0RWzqHRa_u-00102-00145263-00145974 really good by the way he the time he was he was leading it was in the in the I0RWzqHRa_u-00103-00145974-00146601 beginning of 15th century shortly after 400 he was leading a kind of proto I0RWzqHRa_u-00104-00146601-00147156 protestant church and that time the idea that there would be other than catholic I0RWzqHRa_u-00105-00147156-00147690 church not very proper in europe so that he can decided to kind of eliminate this I0RWzqHRa_u-00106-00147690-00148299 movement and they they issue like five holy Crusades that went to bohemia and I0RWzqHRa_u-00107-00148299-00148992 they were all defeated three of them by by this dis gentleman and to look after I0RWzqHRa_u-00108-00148992-00149595 his death by by his successor so very interesting fighter and maybe the spirit I0RWzqHRa_u-00109-00149595-00150168 of this man is kind of a part of this this part of this district because it's I0RWzqHRa_u-00110-00150168-00150585 quite kind of rebellion part of probably the most bohemian prac of a part of I0RWzqHRa_u-00111-00150585-00151530 crack so the source of wisdom called wikipedia says that this district has I0RWzqHRa_u-00112-00151530-00152223 highest concentration of pups per capita in all european districts so I'm sure I0RWzqHRa_u-00113-00152223-00152895 it's true or it's not very far from - compared to the narrative of the pups I0RWzqHRa_u-00114-00152895-00153204 are fancy and you can still see some tourists there in juice coffee you will I0RWzqHRa_u-00115-00153204-00153678 not see any they are just locals and the good thing that anytime you're thirsty I0RWzqHRa_u-00116-00153678-00154098 you can go there and have a beer you know any time of day night whatever this I0RWzqHRa_u-00117-00154098-00154808 this city part never stops it used to have a little bit better reputation I0RWzqHRa_u-00118-00154808-00155234 you know the the people living there are still proud of it I0RWzqHRa_u-00119-00155234-00155807 so they never accepted the fact that jischke became part of Prague in 1922 I0RWzqHRa_u-00120-00155807-00156317 and some of them still call it the Free Republic of Shishkoff so this kind of I0RWzqHRa_u-00121-00156317-00156968 independent part of pride and many like the free air meetings happenings I0RWzqHRa_u-00122-00156968-00157523 festivals are you know happening there so some very area that I would recommend I0RWzqHRa_u-00123-00157523-00158138 for somebody who wants to see the local culture the that is the fourth district I0RWzqHRa_u-00124-00158138-00158786 and the fifth district is also a very interesting mainly mainly by the fact I0RWzqHRa_u-00125-00158786-00159188 that I really couldn't find anything interesting about it at all that's I0RWzqHRa_u-00126-00159188-00159761 amazing part of pride it's really tough I can illustrate it by a sign that was I0RWzqHRa_u-00127-00159761-00160225 found on one of the one of the buildings I0RWzqHRa_u-00128-00160240-00160570 please read it I0RWzqHRa_u-00129-00160774-00161393 that's amazing part of the city so maybe you are asking yourself why I chose it I0RWzqHRa_u-00130-00161393-00162083 right why because I wanted to check if you did your homework do you remember my I0RWzqHRa_u-00131-00162083-00162602 presentation two years ago I taught you this simple sentence and I told you I0RWzqHRa_u-00132-00162602-00163078 please repeat it we don't have a contest and who will be able to say it you know I0RWzqHRa_u-00133-00163078-00163808 live in something so again it's very simple sentence touch / script script by I0RWzqHRa_u-00134-00163808-00164267 the way somebody after my presentation tweeted that he wasn't sure whether the I0RWzqHRa_u-00135-00164267-00164801 English sentence below is a translation all the way how to pronounce it so I I0RWzqHRa_u-00136-00164801-00165485 just wanted to make clear that this is a translation actually it's it's not so I0RWzqHRa_u-00137-00165485-00166153 tough so I am sure all you did have your homework right so who wants to be first I0RWzqHRa_u-00138-00166153-00166675 I know if something is too easy nobody wants to be first right it's like going I0RWzqHRa_u-00139-00166675-00167203 to my can sake grass green right so okay so but I I do believe you you did your I0RWzqHRa_u-00140-00167203-00168127 best so and so the next level would be name of this of this city district it I0RWzqHRa_u-00141-00168127-00168742 has all the beauty of Czech language it is are used as a vowel it has the I0RWzqHRa_u-00142-00168742-00169094 magical letter sir which you know it's a nightmare for all the foreigners in this I0RWzqHRa_u-00143-00169094-00169504 country and it's part of my name actually and it is also very interesting I0RWzqHRa_u-00144-00169504-00169909 meaning and gain the English words in in parenthesis below it's not it's I0RWzqHRa_u-00145-00169909-00170396 translation not the way how to say it okay so this city part is called I0RWzqHRa_u-00146-00170396-00170747 cut-throats which which is promising you know you would believe there must be I0RWzqHRa_u-00147-00170747-00171274 something interesting but but it's not so the simple check rod is hablas as a I0RWzqHRa_u-00148-00171274-00171889 okay and we will be able to say me to say this this name with the sentence on I0RWzqHRa_u-00149-00171889-00172184 the next meeting will have a beer for me okay I0RWzqHRa_u-00150-00172184-00172684 so again thank you very much for choosing product as your ITF city and I0RWzqHRa_u-00151-00172684-00173405 see you at the next meeting ITF 110 I0RWzqHRa_u-00152-00173805-00174433 thank you we do have a gift for our other co-hosts who I saw walk in so I0RWzqHRa_u-00153-00174433-00174846 would you like to come up and get your gift Cisco I0RWzqHRa_u-00154-00176519-00176915 it's a pleasure to be able to sponsor this along with our friends at C's Enoch I0RWzqHRa_u-00155-00176915-00177338 I'm loved to be back in Prague this time I hope everyone this week gets a ton of I0RWzqHRa_u-00156-00177338-00177779 great work done in a style that makes new friends and makes it a pleasant I0RWzqHRa_u-00157-00177779-00179027 place to work have a great week and welcome to project alright so I have a I0RWzqHRa_u-00158-00179027-00179496 few items to report on there's lots more information in the written report that I0RWzqHRa_u-00159-00179496-00180104 the isg and myself sent out to the IETF mailing list before the meeting today I0RWzqHRa_u-00160-00180104-00180536 we're going to look a little bit at some participant statistics talk a little bit I0RWzqHRa_u-00161-00180536-00180996 about some of the meeting experiments that we've been running follow up from I0RWzqHRa_u-00162-00180996-00181598 the open microphone session at the last plenary a brief update on the Ombuds I0RWzqHRa_u-00163-00181598-00181985 team and I'll spend a moment on our standards of professional behavior here I0RWzqHRa_u-00164-00181985-00182603 in the ITF so these are our participants statistics for this meeting we have I0RWzqHRa_u-00165-00182603-00183215 about 1200 people who are here on-site 234 first-time attendees which is a I0RWzqHRa_u-00166-00183215-00183680 which is a nice high number for an ITF meeting fairly similar attendance to I0RWzqHRa_u-00167-00183680-00184371 what we had a year ago in London and 63 different countries represented here at I0RWzqHRa_u-00168-00184371-00185090 this meeting if we take a look at the trends what this shows you is the I0RWzqHRa_u-00169-00185090-00185670 overall attendance the first-time attendees and the set of attendees I0RWzqHRa_u-00170-00185670-00186380 who've attended 80 percent or more of prior meetings you can see it as you I0RWzqHRa_u-00171-00186380-00186671 would expect the meeting attendance kind of goes up and down depending on the I0RWzqHRa_u-00172-00186671-00187196 location and the time of year and the first-time attendees fluctuates somewhat I0RWzqHRa_u-00173-00187196-00187782 in tandem with that although a bit on its own curve and then the last line is I0RWzqHRa_u-00174-00187782-00188126 a little bit on the decline so the the true believers in the ITF who have been I0RWzqHRa_u-00175-00188126-00188590 around the longest are becoming a smaller group over time I0RWzqHRa_u-00176-00188874-00189522 we had a record-breaking ITF hackathon on Saturday and Sunday 370 people are on I0RWzqHRa_u-00177-00189522-00190212 site working on 44 different projects every different kind of every area of I0RWzqHRa_u-00178-00190212-00190734 the ITF represented and lots of people working on projects adjacent to a ETF I0RWzqHRa_u-00179-00190734-00191193 technologies we also had the hack demo happy hour on Monday night where teams I0RWzqHRa_u-00180-00191193-00191691 got to present some of the what they had worked on over the weekend and for those I0RWzqHRa_u-00181-00191691-00192027 who are interested in joining in on this particular kind of fun we have another I0RWzqHRa_u-00182-00192027-00192564 hackathon scheduled at the start of the week of IETF 105 in Montreal so please I0RWzqHRa_u-00183-00192564-00193055 consider that when you make your travel plans you don't need to be previously I0RWzqHRa_u-00184-00193055-00193413 involved in a project in order to get started there's lots of people there who I0RWzqHRa_u-00185-00193413-00193755 can help you find a team find something to work on over the weekend and I0RWzqHRa_u-00186-00193755-00194217 hopefully help advance the implementation and deployment of IETF I0RWzqHRa_u-00187-00194217-00194967 standards if we look at the trend for for the hackathon attendance is growing I0RWzqHRa_u-00188-00194967-00195477 over meeting over meeting more or less and as I said we had we had a big jump I0RWzqHRa_u-00189-00195477-00196002 from from our previous record in Bangkok to now so this is definitely an event I0RWzqHRa_u-00190-00196002-00196503 that's attracting more and more attention and participation from people I0RWzqHRa_u-00191-00196503-00197217 who attend the IGF meeting and also others which is fantastic so meeting I0RWzqHRa_u-00192-00197217-00197697 experiments some people might be aware that we are running an experiment at I0RWzqHRa_u-00193-00197697-00198186 this meeting with unstructured time in the agenda this is actually the second I0RWzqHRa_u-00194-00198186-00198759 different iteration of this particular experiment so at ATF 103 we ran an I0RWzqHRa_u-00195-00198759-00199077 experiment where we had some unstructured time on the Friday of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00196-00199077-00199464 meeting week there were rooms available that people could book on a first-come I0RWzqHRa_u-00197-00199464-00199880 first-served basis but there were not any working group sessions on the Friday I0RWzqHRa_u-00198-00199880-00200492 we conducted a meeting survey after IETF 103 just like we do after every meeting I0RWzqHRa_u-00199-00200492-00200979 and the survey feedback indicated that almost nobody likes having unstructured I0RWzqHRa_u-00200-00200979-00201429 time on Friday but people were quite interested in having unstructured time I0RWzqHRa_u-00201-00201429-00201876 in the middle of the week and as a result for this meeting we scheduled I0RWzqHRa_u-00202-00201876-00202250 some unser in the middle of the week so earlier I0RWzqHRa_u-00203-00202250-00202646 today we had a block that was free there were side meeting rooms again available I0RWzqHRa_u-00204-00202646-00203099 to book and just as a note because there's I think been some confusion I0RWzqHRa_u-00205-00203099-00203468 about this the way that we've been able to accommodate this and still I0RWzqHRa_u-00206-00203468-00203951 accommodate all of the working groups that put in a request for time is by I0RWzqHRa_u-00207-00203951-00204422 maintaining enough slots to accommodate all of those groups but shortening some I0RWzqHRa_u-00208-00204422-00204773 of the slots so we have the same number of slots available more or less that I0RWzqHRa_u-00209-00204773-00205337 we've that we've had for many years but we've we've offered different size slots I0RWzqHRa_u-00210-00205337-00205898 in order to be able to accommodate that so we've received lots of feedback about I0RWzqHRa_u-00211-00205898-00206276 this experiment already on the IETF list and the working group chairs list so I0RWzqHRa_u-00212-00206276-00206852 thank you very much for that and we're definitely welcome to to hear more from I0RWzqHRa_u-00213-00206852-00207206 you we're really gonna be relying on the MTG I0RWzqHRa_u-00214-00207206-00207686 survey to provide us with a broad-based view not just an opinion here and there I0RWzqHRa_u-00215-00207686-00208085 on a mailing list but to try to get a sense of of the whole community or the I0RWzqHRa_u-00216-00208085-00208469 whole community that's willing to fill out a survey about how they're how they I0RWzqHRa_u-00217-00208469-00208721 like what we're doing with the schedule what we're trying with the schedule I0RWzqHRa_u-00218-00208721-00209183 we've crafted a bunch of very specific questions on this topic that are in the I0RWzqHRa_u-00219-00209183-00209546 MTG survey that will be going out toward the end of the week or possibly over the I0RWzqHRa_u-00220-00209546-00210131 weekend so if this is a topic that you care to voice an opinion on please fill I0RWzqHRa_u-00221-00210131-00210536 out the MTG survey when it goes out you can also of course always send feedback I0RWzqHRa_u-00222-00210536-00211198 to the isg at our at our email address and before we run the experiment at I0RWzqHRa_u-00223-00211198-00211577 night EF 103 we announced it many months in advance because it was on the Friday I0RWzqHRa_u-00224-00211577-00212009 we knew that it would affect people's travel plans so we announced it in May I0RWzqHRa_u-00225-00212009-00212456 and then ran the experiment in November for this this iteration of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00226-00212456-00212894 experiment we wanted to wait and see how many working group requests came in and I0RWzqHRa_u-00227-00212894-00213239 whether we thought we could actually make it work without creating too much I0RWzqHRa_u-00228-00213239-00213752 conflict between the working groups so we waited to be real specific about what I0RWzqHRa_u-00229-00213752-00213998 we were going to do with the unstructured time until the working I0RWzqHRa_u-00230-00213998-00214511 group requests went in for the next iteration we if we if we carry forward I0RWzqHRa_u-00231-00214511-00214967 this experiment at all which we may or may not we plan to I0RWzqHRa_u-00232-00214967-00215430 announced it further in advance we thought we would wait in case we in case I0RWzqHRa_u-00233-00215430-00215769 it just seemed like it would create too much conflict but it seems like waiting I0RWzqHRa_u-00234-00215769-00216219 created more of a problem than than the problem it's solved so certainly if we I0RWzqHRa_u-00235-00216219-00216654 if we intend to try another version of this experiment will tell people further I0RWzqHRa_u-00236-00216654-00217254 in advance next time we've also been running an experiment around a new event I0RWzqHRa_u-00237-00217254-00217890 on Sunday evening called request for conversation pot RFC this event includes I0RWzqHRa_u-00238-00217890-00218219 lightning talks and other kind of brief pitches to encourage people to I0RWzqHRa_u-00239-00218219-00218567 brainstorm collaborate to announce something that might be going on later I0RWzqHRa_u-00240-00218567-00219000 in the week so this took place on Sunday at 6 o'clock and there were 15 different I0RWzqHRa_u-00241-00219000-00219540 presentations you can check out the proceedings online we've now had this I0RWzqHRa_u-00242-00219540-00220137 event three or four times something that Aaron for three five four okay I0RWzqHRa_u-00243-00220137-00220740 so it seems to the ihd that people like this where we could maybe move this out I0RWzqHRa_u-00244-00220740-00221298 of the experimental phase and declare it a successful experiment but we're also I0RWzqHRa_u-00245-00221298-00221826 always looking for feedback about how to change or improve it so please send send I0RWzqHRa_u-00246-00221826-00222357 that our way and many thanks to Aaron Faulk for incubating this idea and for I0RWzqHRa_u-00247-00222357-00223042 making it a success I0RWzqHRa_u-00248-00223225-00223981 so at the last plenary we had some open microphone discussion about behavior and I0RWzqHRa_u-00249-00223981-00224528 conduct in working groups I talked about this at some length and as a result of I0RWzqHRa_u-00250-00224528-00224917 that the IHG kicked off some initial discussion with the working group chairs I0RWzqHRa_u-00251-00224917-00225488 in by email in December and we've continued to kind of go back and forth I0RWzqHRa_u-00252-00225488-00226013 take the feedback from the wooden group chairs and discuss it within the IHG and I0RWzqHRa_u-00253-00226013-00226478 back with the order of chairs again and as a result of that conversation there's I0RWzqHRa_u-00254-00226478-00226925 a couple different areas that were that we're looking to explore further one is I0RWzqHRa_u-00255-00226925-00227392 around guidance or training for the IETF leadership and for the workgroup chairs I0RWzqHRa_u-00256-00227392-00227966 about managing difficult situations that that may arise and then the other one is I0RWzqHRa_u-00257-00227966-00228416 around a better means of archiving expired work so one of the topics that I0RWzqHRa_u-00258-00228416-00228961 came up in this discussion was that when people enter newly into a working group I0RWzqHRa_u-00259-00228961-00229427 they might not be aware of what work has happened in the past or more importantly I0RWzqHRa_u-00260-00229427-00229798 what discussions have happened that didn't you know produce ending RFC's but I0RWzqHRa_u-00261-00229798-00230248 were considered concluded or abandoned by the group and so there's been some I0RWzqHRa_u-00262-00230248-00230734 conversation about how we could better demarcate when a piece of work or a I0RWzqHRa_u-00263-00230734-00231227 discussion as has concluded without without proceeding on to standardization I0RWzqHRa_u-00264-00231227-00231728 so we're still having conversations with people about those things and and will I0RWzqHRa_u-00265-00231728-00232121 continue to followup with the community if we figure out what we think we could I0RWzqHRa_u-00266-00232121-00232879 do to help we also have a new member of our Ombuds team I0RWzqHRa_u-00267-00232879-00233461 Melinda Shore started in January as as part of this team and she joins Allison I0RWzqHRa_u-00268-00233461-00233990 Menken and Pete Resnick so thank you to Melinda for being willing to serve and I0RWzqHRa_u-00269-00233990-00234460 to Allison and Pete for continuing a really important function for the IETF I0RWzqHRa_u-00270-00234460-00234982 if you ever have an issue with harassment your these are your your I0RWzqHRa_u-00271-00234982-00235394 people that you can go to to to get guidance and advice and to speak with I0RWzqHRa_u-00272-00235394-00236063 someone in confidence we are really striving to create and maintain an I0RWzqHRa_u-00273-00236063-00236338 environment here where people feel included I0RWzqHRa_u-00274-00236338-00236778 and where everyone feels like they get treated with dignity and respect we have I0RWzqHRa_u-00275-00236778-00237198 a number of different policies and guidelines that go into more detail I0RWzqHRa_u-00276-00237198-00237720 about this so I encourage you to to check them out and the Ombuds team that I0RWzqHRa_u-00277-00237720-00238029 you just saw on the screen can be reached at their email address and I0RWzqHRa_u-00278-00238029-00238761 there's more information about them on their website as I said at the top I0RWzqHRa_u-00279-00238761-00239242 there's a bunch more information covered in our online report and in the reports I0RWzqHRa_u-00280-00239242-00239685 from the various other bodies so if you want more details please take a look I0RWzqHRa_u-00281-00239685-00240159 there and we're always writing updates about various things on the blog I0RWzqHRa_u-00282-00240159-00240495 including a preview of this meeting that'll be highlights from this meeting I0RWzqHRa_u-00283-00240495-00241213 posted there as well and that I'd like to invite our outgoing incoming iron I0RWzqHRa_u-00284-00241213-00241523 chef chairs to come on up I0RWzqHRa_u-00285-00244336-00245259 that's a good way retire somebody all right so uh Colin and I are going to I0RWzqHRa_u-00286-00245259-00245904 tell you about the IRT F ATF 104 and first of all I want to say thanks to the I0RWzqHRa_u-00287-00245904-00246317 IRT F it's been amazing thank you Prague I'm very happy to have I0RWzqHRa_u-00288-00246317-00247266 it my term ending here I have a big lump in my cock from that and I wanted to I0RWzqHRa_u-00289-00247266-00247689 just reflect a little bit about what happened in these two years two years I0RWzqHRa_u-00290-00247689-00248031 might not seem like a lot of time but it feels like a lot of time and we actually I0RWzqHRa_u-00291-00248031-00248642 had a lot of things happen and the research groups overall have been very I0RWzqHRa_u-00292-00248642-00249084 good at fulfilling their mission of being rigorous and thinking about the I0RWzqHRa_u-00293-00249084-00249576 long horizon while also thinking how might this be applied so rigorous long I0RWzqHRa_u-00294-00249576-00250215 horizon and relevant and at the time since I've got started we've had five I0RWzqHRa_u-00295-00250215-00250769 new ones path to where networking decentralized Internet infrastructure I0RWzqHRa_u-00296-00250769-00251723 the non blockchain research group privacy enhancements and assessments and I0RWzqHRa_u-00297-00251723-00252228 we've determined that it was three meetings so it's actually transitioning I0RWzqHRa_u-00298-00252228-00252794 to not proposed now a new quantum internet proposed research group that I0RWzqHRa_u-00299-00252794-00253217 just started and a bunch of you went to the tutorial and I hear it was really I0RWzqHRa_u-00300-00253217-00253703 fun and then enlivening and then one that's starting and we'll meet this week I0RWzqHRa_u-00301-00253703-00254310 later in the week the computation in the network proposed research group and I I0RWzqHRa_u-00302-00254310-00254711 also think of this as two years of really wonderful community growth for I0RWzqHRa_u-00303-00254711-00255366 IRT F but also for the I family we had a bunch of people coming because of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00304-00255366-00255876 applied networking research prize including returnees as we got donations I0RWzqHRa_u-00305-00255876-00256448 from from some of our sponsors to give us more travel funds so not just the six I0RWzqHRa_u-00306-00256448-00256809 awards but people had been buried here before and I0RWzqHRa_u-00307-00256809-00257244 seemed like it would benefit from coming and then these do research group chairs I0RWzqHRa_u-00308-00257244-00257673 so that I've mentioned I'll show you a list of people I'll just flash it by the I0RWzqHRa_u-00309-00257673-00258244 workshop in in the a in the applied networking research workshop workshop in I0RWzqHRa_u-00310-00258244-00258736 eighteen last year had an innovation suggested by his chairs of meeting I0RWzqHRa_u-00311-00258736-00259173 during IETF week and as a result there were well there were a hundred I0RWzqHRa_u-00312-00259173-00259696 participants at that they were either new to the IETF or were very entirely or I0RWzqHRa_u-00313-00259696-00260164 or had been only very rarely and many of them stayed and participated so I think I0RWzqHRa_u-00314-00260164-00260554 this has been a good innovation we're going to continue this there was a lot I0RWzqHRa_u-00315-00260554-00261028 of of growth of communities because of IRTF groups going to the hackathons and I0RWzqHRa_u-00316-00261028-00261460 I just want to call it especially HR PC and think to thing research group among I0RWzqHRa_u-00317-00261460-00262078 the many as using those hackathons extremely well MAPRG which is the I0RWzqHRa_u-00318-00262078-00262639 measurement research group not only had tremendous presenters but also grew a I0RWzqHRa_u-00319-00262639-00263236 great big repository of data that you should take a look at and even though I0RWzqHRa_u-00320-00263236-00263677 documents are often the story for the ITF for the IR tips you should also I0RWzqHRa_u-00321-00263677-00264274 check the wiki's and get a pose for our artifacts and and reporting and comments I0RWzqHRa_u-00322-00264274-00264658 and discussion as well as the mailings and this is just a selection of some of I0RWzqHRa_u-00323-00264658-00265063 the new people and I'm not going to call people out but we have a bunch of people I0RWzqHRa_u-00324-00265063-00265450 who are from many places and it's been a really interesting time and these are I0RWzqHRa_u-00325-00265450-00266155 just the people associated with the events in my two years and now I'm going I0RWzqHRa_u-00326-00266155-00266707 to welcome Colin as the incoming IRT F chair I said on this slide that he had I0RWzqHRa_u-00327-00266707-00267259 just received the IRT F chair dot but there actually isn't one and I would I0RWzqHRa_u-00328-00267259-00267871 have given him the IR s G dot but he already had one so instead I covered I0RWzqHRa_u-00329-00267871-00268701 that my aria IR s G dot with a surveillance massive massive massive I0RWzqHRa_u-00330-00268701-00269362 pervasive monitoring is a an attack dot that I've just created and also one from I0RWzqHRa_u-00331-00269362-00269830 the women the Women in Technology dot that says yes we can from I0RWzqHRa_u-00332-00269830-00270351 now over to Colin Colin's visit the ITF for quite a long time and he's done lots I0RWzqHRa_u-00333-00270351-00270857 of different working group chair chips and contributions largely in transport I0RWzqHRa_u-00334-00270857-00271398 it's been observed that we've had a lot of transport folks become IRT F chairs I0RWzqHRa_u-00335-00271398-00271746 and I think as a transport person that's entirely natural I0RWzqHRa_u-00336-00271746-00272156 but Colin may speak yeah and then he's on the faculty of the University of I0RWzqHRa_u-00337-00272156-00273450 Glasgow and and there's his website in his picture and welcome to Colin thank I0RWzqHRa_u-00338-00273450-00273948 you thank thank you Alison I am I have to say honored and a little I0RWzqHRa_u-00339-00273948-00274409 humbled to be selected and very much look forward to working with the I0RWzqHRa_u-00340-00274409-00274829 community although I think they may treat the absence of a dot as an excuse I0RWzqHRa_u-00341-00274829-00275466 to pretend I was never nominated too late all right so the first thing I I0RWzqHRa_u-00342-00275466-00276417 would like to do is so very very big thank you to yes I0RWzqHRa_u-00343-00277122-00277750 Allyson I think has has worked very very hard to increase the diversity in the I0RWzqHRa_u-00344-00277750-00278605 IRT F we have a much more diverse set of people in the research group chairs in I0RWzqHRa_u-00345-00278605-00279175 the IR s G and a much much much more diverse set of research groups and I0RWzqHRa_u-00346-00279175-00279787 topics which i think is very very valuable very important to increase the I0RWzqHRa_u-00347-00279787-00280177 diversity this way she's chatted some very interesting very I0RWzqHRa_u-00348-00280177-00280675 exciting new research groups I think in particular the quantum internet group I0RWzqHRa_u-00349-00280675-00281098 which I think you charted is gonna give me the the biggest learning curve of any I0RWzqHRa_u-00350-00281098-00281665 group in this this organization so I look forward to trying to keep on top of I0RWzqHRa_u-00351-00281665-00282271 their documents and I think she's also done a very good job with the applied I0RWzqHRa_u-00352-00282271-00282661 networking research prize and we had some talks earlier in the week in the I0RWzqHRa_u-00353-00282661-00283258 ITF open meeting and there were very excellent research prize talks there and I0RWzqHRa_u-00354-00283258-00283633 also growing and enhancing the visibility of the applied networking I0RWzqHRa_u-00355-00283633-00284134 research workshop which i think is a really great way of bringing people from I0RWzqHRa_u-00356-00284134-00284494 from the research community in getting them to talk to the standards community I0RWzqHRa_u-00357-00284494-00284952 I think it's very beneficial for the long-term health of both organizations I0RWzqHRa_u-00358-00284952-00286146 so again Thank You Allison a small token of thanks from the community I0RWzqHRa_u-00359-00287128-00288278 now thank you once again okay so just have to forward-looking things that I'd I0RWzqHRa_u-00360-00288278-00288893 like to mention before we finish first the applied networking research workshop I0RWzqHRa_u-00361-00288893-00289338 you know it's happened it's been running for the last couple of years last year I0RWzqHRa_u-00362-00289338-00289868 in Montreal it took place on the Monday and we had some good interactions there I0RWzqHRa_u-00363-00289868-00290378 will be having again coincidentally in Montreal since we're going back this I0RWzqHRa_u-00364-00290378-00291134 summer again in the Monday of the ITF week this is an academic research I0RWzqHRa_u-00365-00291134-00291773 workshop the the results will be published by the ACM if you have I0RWzqHRa_u-00366-00291773-00292277 research work relating to applied networking research please consider I0RWzqHRa_u-00367-00292277-00292652 submitting a paper the submission deadline is the 10th of May so there's I0RWzqHRa_u-00368-00292652-00293916 still plenty of time to do that this is being run by Janet Leigh anger I don't I0RWzqHRa_u-00369-00293916-00294254 see him he's here somewhere this week and it is a long-term ITF participant I0RWzqHRa_u-00370-00294254-00294859 and Philip a girl from from the University of Massachusetts in addition I0RWzqHRa_u-00371-00294859-00295313 which but have slightly smaller interests but there is a workshop on I0RWzqHRa_u-00372-00295313-00295709 evaluation performance in interoperability of quick which will I0RWzqHRa_u-00373-00295709-00296121 relate to a large number of people in the transport area the submission I0RWzqHRa_u-00374-00296121-00296613 deadline on the 15th of April which allows Eggert in the oak lot are running I0RWzqHRa_u-00375-00296613-00297080 and again if you have research work or an interesting quick please I0RWzqHRa_u-00376-00297080-00297602 consider submitting to that workshop thank you I look forward to working with I0RWzqHRa_u-00377-00297602-00299002 everyone what for - the next time thank you we I0RWzqHRa_u-00378-00299002-00299328 have next the RFC editor I0RWzqHRa_u-00379-00300535-00301154 so much fun seeing all my closest friends again so I know you've seen me I0RWzqHRa_u-00380-00301154-00301682 up here a few times but I'm just gonna check do you guys know that I've been I0RWzqHRa_u-00381-00301682-00302993 working on this format project crazy talk I know if you are new or you live I0RWzqHRa_u-00382-00302993-00303592 under a rock I've been working on changing the format to rfcs for the last I0RWzqHRa_u-00383-00303592-00304697 six years and the goals of the project are to create a xml file that will be I0RWzqHRa_u-00384-00304697-00305486 used to transform into plain text PDF a3 and HTML the HTML actually has a proper I0RWzqHRa_u-00385-00305486-00306101 CSS you'll be allowed to use SVG line art in black and white you'll be allowed I0RWzqHRa_u-00386-00306101-00306566 to use non ASCII characters all of this information is documented in various and I0RWzqHRa_u-00387-00306566-00307154 sundry rfcs all of which will go through a BIST process once we've actually taken I0RWzqHRa_u-00388-00307154-00307529 what we thought might work and actually check to see did it actually do what we I0RWzqHRa_u-00389-00307529-00308480 wanted it to do all of which is going to be happening this year so project status I0RWzqHRa_u-00390-00308480-00308888 discussion happen happens on the XML to RFC devilís because we're really talking I0RWzqHRa_u-00391-00308888-00309419 about the tools that have been in play under development over the last couple I0RWzqHRa_u-00392-00309419-00309983 years I wanted to do a quick shout-out to Calais oft where they are our partner I0RWzqHRa_u-00393-00309983-00310340 of Adobe and they've donated to the RFC editor of the software we needed to I0RWzqHRa_u-00394-00310340-00310772 create PDF a3 there's not a lot of libraries out there that will create you I0RWzqHRa_u-00395-00310772-00311726 a PDF a free file as of Monday the data tracker accepts v3 XML if you get you I0RWzqHRa_u-00396-00311726-00311971 know really enthusiastic about this you can I0RWzqHRa_u-00397-00311971-00312568 to the xml to RFC website to the experimental page and say you know what I0RWzqHRa_u-00398-00312568-00313153 i have a v2 file i want to could you make it v3 do the thing and it will I0RWzqHRa_u-00399-00313153-00313513 automatically create a v3 file which you can submit and say well i want to see I0RWzqHRa_u-00400-00313513-00313879 what the HTML is gonna look like and it will show you or you could say i want to I0RWzqHRa_u-00401-00313879-00314092 see what the text output looks like because it's slightly different than I0RWzqHRa_u-00402-00314092-00314832 today and it will show you that - in my head i would very much like for this to I0RWzqHRa_u-00403-00314832-00315609 be in production come August hold that thought I0RWzqHRa_u-00404-00315609-00316168 I have a sneaking suspicion that Murphy's Law is going to hit me up the I0RWzqHRa_u-00405-00316168-00316583 head with something called cluster 238 I0RWzqHRa_u-00406-00316644-00317017 optimistically I'm told that that will happen you know cluster 238 we really I0RWzqHRa_u-00407-00317017-00317583 hopeful will come come out in May but you know things get delayed sometimes I0RWzqHRa_u-00408-00317583-00317974 and I'm just you know it's coming out in August I know it's coming out in August I0RWzqHRa_u-00409-00317974-00318427 so I'm just waiting for it so the timing is is definitely open to a little bit of I0RWzqHRa_u-00410-00318427-00318841 question right now there is an inordinate amount of behind-the-scenes I0RWzqHRa_u-00411-00318841-00319342 work going on so if you look at the RFC editor report for example you'll see I0RWzqHRa_u-00412-00319342-00319828 that the RC production Center is not meeting the SLA this is something we I0RWzqHRa_u-00413-00319828-00320146 knew that would happen and that we've been trying to prepare people for for I0RWzqHRa_u-00414-00320146-00320725 quite some time we're not missing it by a lot but just enough to turn that that I0RWzqHRa_u-00415-00320725-00321340 X to be read so that's not gonna stop either at least for the next few months I0RWzqHRa_u-00416-00321340-00321834 so be aware that there is there is a slowdown in getting stuff out well we I0RWzqHRa_u-00417-00321834-00322323 should've already forgave me that's the highlight of what I wanted to tell you I0RWzqHRa_u-00418-00322323-00322896 about there's a couple other slides here in my deck because I also told folks on I0RWzqHRa_u-00419-00322896-00323370 a completely unrelated fashion that I was going to start a basically a vendor I0RWzqHRa_u-00420-00323370-00323859 satisfaction survey to see how the RFC production Center is doing and I I0RWzqHRa_u-00421-00323859-00324450 promised you an update by ITTF 104 so that update is in these slides if you've I0RWzqHRa_u-00422-00324450-00324726 got questions about it you can look at that and you can drop me a note if you I0RWzqHRa_u-00423-00324726-00325326 want any more information that I can share I have someone staring at me for a I0RWzqHRa_u-00424-00325326-00326100 question should I take that or wait for it I'm coming back to ask you if you I0RWzqHRa_u-00425-00326100-00326490 have questions at the mic I'm coming back with the IAB because they can't get I0RWzqHRa_u-00426-00326490-00327948 it so just come back to the mic pin and I'll answer your question thank you okay I0RWzqHRa_u-00427-00327948-00328442 next up we have the ITF Administration LLC I0RWzqHRa_u-00428-00331934-00333043 hello everyone my name is Portia when Stanley I am the ietf LLC executive I0RWzqHRa_u-00429-00333043-00333988 director interim and I'm here to give the Eadie report as Alissa spoke earlier I0RWzqHRa_u-00430-00333988-00335106 I'd like to thank our sponsors our hosts for IT f-104 Cisco Cisco and C's ethnic I0RWzqHRa_u-00431-00335106-00335674 I want to make sure I try to pronounce that correctly and I really do I0RWzqHRa_u-00432-00335674-00336364 appreciate everything that you all have done to make this meeting a success our I0RWzqHRa_u-00433-00336364-00336967 Silver Sponsor akame there thank you very much and a bronze sponsor the best I0RWzqHRa_u-00434-00336967-00338082 VPN comm in clinic connectivity's classes dial telecom and t-mobile thank I0RWzqHRa_u-00435-00338082-00338518 you very much for your service of course they make everything happen I0RWzqHRa_u-00436-00338518-00339538 for us so thank you and we also want to make sure we faked our equipment I0RWzqHRa_u-00437-00339538-00339954 sponsors because it takes a lot of equipment to actually bring the circuits I0RWzqHRa_u-00438-00339954-00340719 and everything in to make everything work cisco again and juniper networks I0RWzqHRa_u-00439-00340872-00341406 and for the sister's program thank you spawn fastly for your deletion in I0RWzqHRa_u-00440-00341406-00341917 support of the sisters and for the Welcome Reception thank you to the I0RWzqHRa_u-00441-00341917-00343090 Hilton throg and for another successful hackathon thank you to Oracle for your I0RWzqHRa_u-00442-00343090-00343631 donation and also for to Cisco and Dubner I0RWzqHRa_u-00443-00343817-00344342 for the code sprint thank you to all the contributors for the idea of data I0RWzqHRa_u-00444-00344342-00345200 tractor enhancement and to the NOC thank you to come for everyone who is involved I0RWzqHRa_u-00445-00345200-00345863 we have fine speed medical and also our volunteers of course who make everything I0RWzqHRa_u-00446-00345863-00346810 happen for the knot and if you have time please join our host speakers for the I0RWzqHRa_u-00447-00346810-00347608 series we have Frank Buckner's and Benoit Klaus from Cisco that's tomorrow I0RWzqHRa_u-00448-00347608-00348764 12:30 in the Grand Ballroom and thank you to the Comcast NBC Universal for I0RWzqHRa_u-00449-00348764-00349707 sponsoring IETF 105 next year in Montreal I'm sorry this year in Montreal I0RWzqHRa_u-00450-00349707-00350686 and also we have a new global host Nokia and I'm not sure if our representative I0RWzqHRa_u-00451-00350686-00351395 is here but we did want to thank you very much for your I thank you very much I0RWzqHRa_u-00452-00351395-00352006 for coming on as a global host the global hosts are the highest level of I0RWzqHRa_u-00453-00352006-00352670 support for the IETF and we really appreciate that and as well the they I0RWzqHRa_u-00454-00352670-00353389 have already signed on to support IETF 106 in Singapore so thank you very much I0RWzqHRa_u-00455-00353419-00354157 again to all of our local hosts many of pre much appreciation for all that you I0RWzqHRa_u-00456-00354157-00355102 do and regarding sponsorship changes for the ITF kim board and what most of some I0RWzqHRa_u-00457-00355102-00355649 of you i would say have a chance to meet Ken during the last year his contract I0RWzqHRa_u-00458-00355649-00356319 has concluded as the IETF sponsorship sponsorship fundraiser I0RWzqHRa_u-00459-00356319-00356733 and the board is really thanks to Kim for all of his hard work he did a lot I0RWzqHRa_u-00460-00356733-00357426 while he was here during the last year and as we move on the board the incoming I0RWzqHRa_u-00461-00357426-00358275 boarder who was official mal will take time to actually develop a longer term I0RWzqHRa_u-00462-00358275-00358719 plan for what they see as the in sponsorship for in fundraising goals for I0RWzqHRa_u-00463-00358719-00359382 the ietf LLC so that's coming and in the meantime if you are interested in doing I0RWzqHRa_u-00464-00359382-00359793 any type of sponsorships please see me Porcia win Stanley I0RWzqHRa_u-00465-00359793-00360513 thank you and I'm also the generic it's generic but it still comes to one person I0RWzqHRa_u-00466-00360513-00361236 the young sponsorship email addresses sponsorship at IETF dot org our future I0RWzqHRa_u-00467-00361236-00361866 meeting venues as you can take a look there we have identified venues up I0RWzqHRa_u-00468-00361866-00362817 through IETF 111 in San Francisco and so we just wanted to point out that we have I0RWzqHRa_u-00469-00362817-00363546 dates and in venues that are identified for the next view was three years of I0RWzqHRa_u-00470-00363546-00364005 meetings and where you see some spots there I0RWzqHRa_u-00471-00364005-00364682 we do need sponsors for those and we are also in the process of actually I0RWzqHRa_u-00472-00364682-00365334 identifying and working on the contracts for four other venues so a lot is I0RWzqHRa_u-00473-00365334-00366435 happening for meeting hidden for the IETF the Prague meetings on snapshot for I0RWzqHRa_u-00474-00366435-00366851 paid and on-site attendance I0RWzqHRa_u-00475-00366933-00367984 1150 remote participants 729 visa LOI is issued 152 and a registration revenue is I0RWzqHRa_u-00476-00367984-00369028 830 101 at 7:00 on sponsorship revenue 190,000 and the reserved registration I0RWzqHRa_u-00477-00369028-00370921 breakdown thank you so I'm Wendy and I'm gonna run you through the the LLC board I0RWzqHRa_u-00478-00370921-00371908 has been up to and working on since the LC got formed at the end of August 5 is I0RWzqHRa_u-00479-00371908-00372493 really to get the LLC up and running it's like a brand-new baby you got a I0RWzqHRa_u-00480-00372493-00372925 feed and take care of it make it happen we do finalizing the financial I0RWzqHRa_u-00481-00372925-00373342 transaction or transcript from I sock that was probably one of the key things I0RWzqHRa_u-00482-00373342-00373989 to accomplish in 2018 because I sock was providing significant portions of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00483-00373989-00374857 startup capital female for the IGF LLC that was a very long road to get there I0RWzqHRa_u-00484-00374857-00375345 but we got there and the money's in the bank can be cashed the check so yeah I0RWzqHRa_u-00485-00375345-00375892 we've also as part of the transition there's a number of RFPs for services I0RWzqHRa_u-00486-00375892-00376422 such as a Secretariat that we're coming up do as many people know these I0RWzqHRa_u-00487-00376422-00377047 contracts we have for these services are periodically required to be we bid just I0RWzqHRa_u-00488-00377047-00377650 to make sure that we're getting the best deal overall for the ITF in particularly I0RWzqHRa_u-00489-00377650-00378303 some of them were up in 2018 for a rebid as approve the process but I0RWzqHRa_u-00490-00378303-00378694 because of the LLC coming on board being founded one of the things we do is we I0RWzqHRa_u-00491-00378694-00379318 stall with many of them and delayed them into 2019 with temporary patches so we I0RWzqHRa_u-00492-00379318-00379720 sort of kicked it over to the incoming Board to say deal with this but you're I0RWzqHRa_u-00493-00379720-00380178 fully constituted you know up and running with all your governance and I0RWzqHRa_u-00494-00380178-00380626 financial models in place and so that will be taking place this year so this I0RWzqHRa_u-00495-00380626-00381210 will be the year of the RFP I think in 2019 the other thing we will also be I0RWzqHRa_u-00496-00381210-00381635 doing Porsche is our interim director she's always had that term technical I0RWzqHRa_u-00497-00381635-00382053 techride minute and that's because it's part of the transition plan that has I0RWzqHRa_u-00498-00382053-00382663 always been that there will be a search done for the executive director of I0RWzqHRa_u-00499-00382663-00383320 Porsche Pitney in in term of ID sorry thank you I0RWzqHRa_u-00500-00383320-00383856 and we renamed the executive director because it better fit with a role within I0RWzqHRa_u-00501-00383856-00384439 an LLC and so we could understand it work with sister works we're gonna be I0RWzqHRa_u-00502-00384439-00384745 doing a search and so that would be taking place so if you are interested I0RWzqHRa_u-00503-00384745-00385345 the there will be a process we don't and and stay tuned it will be happy very I0RWzqHRa_u-00504-00385345-00385699 shortly the other thing we've been doing is been getting ready for the incoming I0RWzqHRa_u-00505-00385699-00386194 new board it's been a lot of time a little big change and the NomCom did I0RWzqHRa_u-00506-00386194-00386590 their job and the SQ did their job and eyestalk do their job they picked us to I0RWzqHRa_u-00507-00386590-00386984 slay the five candidates and we've been getting them prepared and ready to I0RWzqHRa_u-00508-00386984-00387715 assume their job today so I'm out of it and they're into it another big part of I0RWzqHRa_u-00509-00387715-00388201 the governance by the way is the LLC compliance program one of the core I0RWzqHRa_u-00510-00388201-00388557 requirements that I saw put onto us before they would give us that money at I0RWzqHRa_u-00511-00388557-00388996 the top of the agenda was that we have a compliance program place because they I0RWzqHRa_u-00512-00388996-00389604 wanted an ensure that we were a well-run and well-managed and we'll see not just I0RWzqHRa_u-00513-00389604-00389909 a bunch of guys and ladies that were gonna take the money and run off to I0RWzqHRa_u-00514-00389909-00390381 Hawaii so we worked hard from getting that established and the incoming board I0RWzqHRa_u-00515-00390381-00391026 will continue that work of establishing the governance process the other big I0RWzqHRa_u-00516-00391026-00391476 important thing that was really made clear during the is to word group I0RWzqHRa_u-00517-00391476-00392145 discussions was transparency is huge you know we didn't want to create an LLC I0RWzqHRa_u-00518-00392145-00392756 that was gonna go off and be secretive and closed and just issue you know I0RWzqHRa_u-00519-00392756-00393420 orders down from on high just like the the compliance process was I0RWzqHRa_u-00520-00393420-00393759 important to I saw the transparency process what's important to the I0RWzqHRa_u-00521-00393759-00394041 community and so we've been working very hard one I0RWzqHRa_u-00522-00394041-00394506 of the very first actions taken by the board when we started up in August was I0RWzqHRa_u-00523-00394506-00394932 to declare that we will have public meetings and we've been doing that all I0RWzqHRa_u-00524-00394932-00395349 along including when we had a in the fall we are in a separate we have a I0RWzqHRa_u-00525-00395349-00395742 face-to-face for companies and for the persons of that which are not I0RWzqHRa_u-00526-00395742-00396081 confidential because a lot of what we deal with is confidential legal I0RWzqHRa_u-00527-00396081-00396516 contracts personnel types of stuff and financial stuff we have to be careful I0RWzqHRa_u-00528-00396516-00396876 and keep that confidential for that stuff that is not confidential he was I0RWzqHRa_u-00529-00396876-00397334 wide open for participants we didn't call it and join it as well the meeting I0RWzqHRa_u-00530-00397334-00397872 minutes that we take during that are all made public and published so the biddies I0RWzqHRa_u-00531-00397872-00398349 are post on our website the agenda the goal we put in the sake of the ground I0RWzqHRa_u-00532-00398349-00398748 that they will always come out a week ahead so please join in and follow along I0RWzqHRa_u-00533-00398748-00399363 if you want to know more about what's going on inside the LLC and I have the I0RWzqHRa_u-00534-00399363-00399918 pleasure of announcing our in welcoming our five new board members we have Jason I0RWzqHRa_u-00535-00399918-00400334 Livengood in the middle there he's been selected by the incoming Board as their I0RWzqHRa_u-00536-00400334-00401001 chair we have Sean Turner who's decided to become the Treasury Peter federalists I0RWzqHRa_u-00537-00401001-00401877 over your left my right Alisa Cooper you may have better and Maya and I'm forgive I0RWzqHRa_u-00538-00401877-00402620 me my I cannot do and adrylek okay and that's the report I0RWzqHRa_u-00539-00402620-00403255 from the outgoing board Jason I0RWzqHRa_u-00540-00403472-00404084 great thanks um sorry shocking transition right literally a I0RWzqHRa_u-00541-00404084-00404691 shock and so I think the first thing is to thank our outgoing interim board I0RWzqHRa_u-00542-00404691-00405383 members I think Gonzalo committee oh there we have Ted Hardy and Glenn Dean a I0RWzqHRa_u-00543-00405383-00406329 round of applause because I think the community really appreciates that it was I0RWzqHRa_u-00544-00406329-00406688 really an unprecedented kind of transition that we just went through I0RWzqHRa_u-00545-00406688-00407277 from the IOC to this interim board with a great deal of uncertainty and I I0RWzqHRa_u-00546-00407277-00407861 appreciate know the community does appreciate your navigation of that and I I0RWzqHRa_u-00547-00407861-00408327 don't know when I do black things all right so if I could ask you each to come I0RWzqHRa_u-00548-00408327-00409452 up Ted and Gonzales and you're obviously already actually says your name here so I0RWzqHRa_u-00549-00409452-00409902 this is the you'll get a plaque like this but with your actual name there so I0RWzqHRa_u-00550-00409902-00411116 first Thank You Glen very much appreciate and will say thank you to I0RWzqHRa_u-00551-00412732-00413552 and so expected focus area for the board in the coming year we have rather a lot I0RWzqHRa_u-00552-00413552-00413984 of things to do I think as an understatement and I tried to just sort I0RWzqHRa_u-00553-00413984-00414467 of list the high level bits here obviously we need to hire a full-time or I0RWzqHRa_u-00554-00414467-00414959 permanent executive director that sort of job number one and a lot of things I0RWzqHRa_u-00555-00414959-00415460 can flow from that we also know that we need to focus on these sort of revenue I0RWzqHRa_u-00556-00415460-00415868 side of things if you will certainly Portia mentioned a bunch of our generous I0RWzqHRa_u-00557-00415868-00416336 sponsors beforehand but our intent is to grow that and to grow and build a I0RWzqHRa_u-00558-00416336-00416810 foundation of support for the ITF and we would sort of put those in two different I0RWzqHRa_u-00559-00416810-00417188 buckets a few well one would be sponsorship which was traditionally what I0RWzqHRa_u-00560-00417188-00417752 we've done and then fundraising which is really more about you know sort of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00561-00417752-00418167 other aspects of the endowment and so on and those two things will go I0RWzqHRa_u-00562-00418167-00418652 hand-in-hand in some ways but there may be very different sort of target groups I0RWzqHRa_u-00563-00418652-00419093 that we go after to try to fundraise and of course there are quite a number of I0RWzqHRa_u-00564-00419093-00419642 policies and other sorts of legal things that we need a compliance program and I0RWzqHRa_u-00565-00419642-00420014 these are needed even just to get things like insurance to cover meetings like I0RWzqHRa_u-00566-00420014-00420398 this you know if someone has a problem and they injured themselves you need I0RWzqHRa_u-00567-00420398-00420767 liability insurance and there's a whole host of things like this that we will I0RWzqHRa_u-00568-00420767-00421286 need to hire people we will need to comply with you know IRS rules in the I0RWzqHRa_u-00569-00421286-00421692 United States for tax purposes and so on so we need to create all of those many I0RWzqHRa_u-00570-00421692-00422130 of those were already in the asset to document so you can get a sense of what I0RWzqHRa_u-00571-00422130-00422484 they are but there was a lot of them luckily we've got some other very I0RWzqHRa_u-00572-00422484-00422739 experienced board members that are here that are on other I0RWzqHRa_u-00573-00422739-00423114 to have experience and there are a lot of best practices that we'll be using I0RWzqHRa_u-00574-00423114-00423592 and then finally we have a lot of services that are coming up to rebid of I0RWzqHRa_u-00575-00423592-00424092 2019 including the Secretariat and their small thing and I would say throughout I0RWzqHRa_u-00576-00424092-00424678 all these things around the policies compliance and especially you reap it we I0RWzqHRa_u-00577-00424678-00425184 are going to expect a need and rely upon a lot of feedback from the ITF community I0RWzqHRa_u-00578-00425184-00425605 we don't intend to do this as Glenn said in terms of the transparency I0RWzqHRa_u-00579-00425605-00425980 requirements to do this in the background but we are going to genuinely I0RWzqHRa_u-00580-00425980-00426489 need and be asking for your requirements your feedback in different areas I0RWzqHRa_u-00581-00426489-00426894 and I would encourage folks to do that because these are some big decisions and I0RWzqHRa_u-00582-00426894-00427248 we want to make sure we you know make make the right decisions for a lot of I0RWzqHRa_u-00583-00427248-00427998 the supporting infrastructure and and people that the ITF depends upon and so I0RWzqHRa_u-00584-00427998-00428415 in terms of you know contact information you know all the standard stuff there's I0RWzqHRa_u-00585-00428415-00428919 a website of course you know email address with public feedback you can I0RWzqHRa_u-00586-00428919-00429134 reach out to that address of any time or any I0RWzqHRa_u-00587-00429134-00429535 board members individually of course but if you send a mail there it goes to all I0RWzqHRa_u-00588-00429535-00429896 of the board members no one else other than the board members so it's private I0RWzqHRa_u-00589-00429896-00430267 to within the board and you can give us any feedback that you like and we're I0RWzqHRa_u-00590-00430267-00430597 asked any questions and of course you can join any of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00591-00430597-00430948 board meetings will certainly be continuing the practices that bland and I0RWzqHRa_u-00592-00430948-00431442 the prior interim or put in place around transparency of you know agendas and I0RWzqHRa_u-00593-00431442-00431828 participation these sorts of things and hopefully enhance that to some extent I0RWzqHRa_u-00594-00431828-00432814 and this report can be found at the URL below it's also someplace so that's it I0RWzqHRa_u-00595-00432814-00433288 thank you very much and I think we're next on to the ITF trust right I0RWzqHRa_u-00596-00433288-00433948 so ITF trust update use doing that all right hey all right so thank you very I0RWzqHRa_u-00597-00433948-00434210 much appreciate your support I0RWzqHRa_u-00598-00436104-00436797 so basically I will digit this is Mikey boy speech I would say because so we I0RWzqHRa_u-00599-00436797-00437121 have a new set of Trustees and you see their faces I0RWzqHRa_u-00600-00437121-00437733 I guess on the Spree I guess most of you already know them and I'm very happy I0RWzqHRa_u-00601-00437733-00438372 that we have this descent of people also today we had an election which was I0RWzqHRa_u-00602-00438372-00438846 basically the last thing I executed as to trust chair and plane was selected I0RWzqHRa_u-00603-00438846-00439367 protected as a statue and Happiness education I0RWzqHRa_u-00604-00439763-00440160 but we don't do that pictures here in this part of the book for the Elco in I0RWzqHRa_u-00605-00440160-00440467 trust chips it's later okay we'll cover them that's why if he knows I0RWzqHRa_u-00606-00440467-00440833 I disappeared early off the CH I thought trust is on I got I can run back and be I0RWzqHRa_u-00607-00440833-00441867 up there so I'll go off the stage next we have the NomCom Peter and Victor I0RWzqHRa_u-00608-00444790-00445310 alright on behalf of the absent scott mansfield on giving the pom-pom update I0RWzqHRa_u-00609-00445310-00445784 for ietf 104 as you can see there it says make sure someone is holding the I0RWzqHRa_u-00610-00445784-00446217 ladder and Scott had a small accident that involved a very quick descent from I0RWzqHRa_u-00611-00446217-00446805 a ladder that keeps him from traveling for the couple of months so but he's I0RWzqHRa_u-00612-00446805-00447580 hearing on Medeco and we wish you were here in person so I'm happy to report I0RWzqHRa_u-00613-00447580-00448275 all of the cats are in all of the boxes we had I believe 54 unique nominees for I0RWzqHRa_u-00614-00448275-00448868 20 different positions so the NomCom managed to get all of that done I think I0RWzqHRa_u-00615-00448868-00449321 that's probably a record for any NomCom and we are finished for now so we are in I0RWzqHRa_u-00616-00449321-00449975 quiet mode if something comes up we will be reactivated for the for interim I0RWzqHRa_u-00617-00449975-00450485 actions but otherwise we're going to be handing off to the next Donal time these I0RWzqHRa_u-00618-00450485-00451125 are the 17 members of the 2018-2019 NomCom could I have a round of applause I0RWzqHRa_u-00619-00451125-00451541 for their hard work I0RWzqHRa_u-00620-00451818-00452255 these filings fine folks aside from doing the things that you see obviously I0RWzqHRa_u-00621-00452255-00452762 at the meetings also were part of weekly teleconferences lots of email and many I0RWzqHRa_u-00622-00452762-00453392 deliberations and these are the confirmed results of the NomCom process I0RWzqHRa_u-00623-00453392-00454171 for 2018-2019 and please give these folks a round of applause as well we're I0RWzqHRa_u-00624-00454171-00455264 very appreciative for their I'd also like to thank the community without the I0RWzqHRa_u-00625-00455264-00455804 community the NomCom process would not go well at all all of the people that I0RWzqHRa_u-00626-00455804-00456287 ran the art gauntlet of long questionnaires and perhaps grueling I0RWzqHRa_u-00627-00456287-00456881 interviews we thank them the community members also who provided the large I0RWzqHRa_u-00628-00456881-00457321 amounts of feedback that we get we do read all of that it's all kept in the I0RWzqHRa_u-00629-00457321-00457843 data tracker and we use that to guide our decisions we also thank the IETF and I0RWzqHRa_u-00630-00457843-00458228 I Sauk leadership for their support and guidance and finally to the AMS staff I0RWzqHRa_u-00631-00458228-00458951 who has given us a lot of support on site and finally I'd like to introduce I0RWzqHRa_u-00632-00458951-00459735 our incoming NomCom chair for 2019 2020 Victor coercing I0RWzqHRa_u-00633-00460339-00460685 suppose it hands back to you when I'm done only a couple of words I don't I0RWzqHRa_u-00634-00460685-00461210 really have a slide it was a busy year as Peter mentioned and Scott did a I0RWzqHRa_u-00635-00461210-00461572 really really good job so I only hope that in the incoming year that we can do I0RWzqHRa_u-00636-00461572-00461989 as good of a job that Scott did he was very very organized we had a lot of I0RWzqHRa_u-00637-00461989-00462439 feedback many many many many hours reading all of your feedback was much I0RWzqHRa_u-00638-00462439-00462968 appreciated we could not do this without the support of all the members were I0RWzqHRa_u-00639-00462968-00463517 voting the members from the various bodies to help us along the way Peter I0RWzqHRa_u-00640-00463517-00464033 did a great job from you know this is a third year he's basically here doing all I0RWzqHRa_u-00641-00464033-00464480 this work so I really appreciated all of Peters guidance and so just hope we can I0RWzqHRa_u-00642-00464480-00464966 do a good job coming up please if you're able to please come be part of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00643-00464966-00465437 NomCom this upcoming year is a lot of work at the very rewarding you learn a I0RWzqHRa_u-00644-00465437-00465908 lot about the IETF and about process you learn a lot about the leadership so I I0RWzqHRa_u-00645-00465908-00466414 really hope to have a lot of folks put their names forward so that we can do as I0RWzqHRa_u-00646-00466414-00467654 good of a job as their previous years so thank you thank you oh oh did you want I0RWzqHRa_u-00647-00467654-00468050 to do your call to action or was that wouldn't this that was your call to I0RWzqHRa_u-00648-00468050-00468853 action okay okay next up we have the pastel Award solicitation Andrew I0RWzqHRa_u-00649-00470367-00470910 Thank You Alyssa um I'm Andrew Sullivan I'm the president and CEO of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00650-00470910-00471517 Internet Society I'm here to talk about the Jonathan B Postell Service Award I0RWzqHRa_u-00651-00471517-00472242 which is something that the Internet Society gives out it was established by I0RWzqHRa_u-00652-00472242-00472735 the Internet Society to honor the individuals who make the Internet you I0RWzqHRa_u-00653-00472735-00473278 know the Internet is a profoundly human thing it's something that depends on I0RWzqHRa_u-00654-00473278-00474042 people to make it happen and it affects a lot of people I never met Jon Postel I0RWzqHRa_u-00655-00474042-00474510 but I know him somehow through the work that he did and the legacy he left us I0RWzqHRa_u-00656-00474510-00475167 and there are people on the internet who do this for us they make extraordinary I0RWzqHRa_u-00657-00475167-00475771 efforts and they give us things they leave us things behind so we have this I0RWzqHRa_u-00658-00475771-00476425 award it's it's in his name and you know people get a trophy and they get some I0RWzqHRa_u-00659-00476425-00477301 money but mostly they're recognized as one of these people people who have made I0RWzqHRa_u-00660-00477301-00477781 extraordinary contributions to all of us who give us the the network that we have I0RWzqHRa_u-00661-00477781-00478417 today now I know sitting here in this room is somebody who belongs on this I0RWzqHRa_u-00662-00478417-00479169 list or somebody who knows somebody who belongs on this list and so I want you I0RWzqHRa_u-00663-00479169-00479442 to nominate them I0RWzqHRa_u-00664-00479686-00480356 we are very fortunate to have this marvelous tool and we're very fortunate I0RWzqHRa_u-00665-00480356-00480711 that there are people who work so hard to give it to us I0RWzqHRa_u-00666-00480711-00481346 we want people who have given sustained and substantial technical contributions I0RWzqHRa_u-00667-00481346-00481952 and who also served the community the nominations are open until the 15th of I0RWzqHRa_u-00668-00481952-00482536 May and you can go to the URL there on the screen and nominate them thanks a I0RWzqHRa_u-00669-00482536-00484143 lot and next we have the ITA f-105 welcome come on back line I0RWzqHRa_u-00670-00485885-00486455 so keep it quick we're all gonna go to Montreal game who loved Montreal last I0RWzqHRa_u-00671-00486455-00486943 summer I did the food was awesome the weather is great let's hope the weather I0RWzqHRa_u-00672-00486943-00487376 holds as well as it did last time was I had a great time I think I probably put I0RWzqHRa_u-00673-00487376-00487681 on five pounds does the food was so darn good in Montreal I0RWzqHRa_u-00674-00487681-00488143 anyways we're hosting the game we're gonna have a social so look for news on I0RWzqHRa_u-00675-00488143-00488585 that it should be a lot of fun I've been up to Montreal planning and we usually I0RWzqHRa_u-00676-00488585-00489155 have a pretty good time at our social so I think get a ticket and come to have I0RWzqHRa_u-00677-00489155-00491309 some fun with us Thanks so I wanted to spend a minute here to remember a dearly I0RWzqHRa_u-00678-00491309-00491906 departed member of our community professor B Jun who sadly passed away in I0RWzqHRa_u-00679-00491906-00492707 February far too soon many of you knew professor B from his work in the savvy I0RWzqHRa_u-00680-00492707-00493210 working group and on other topics including ipv6 and Software Defined I0RWzqHRa_u-00681-00493210-00493835 Networking from his post at Tsinghua University he was also a significant I0RWzqHRa_u-00682-00493835-00494546 contributor to the development of the Internet in China so please join me in a I0RWzqHRa_u-00683-00494546-00494995 moment of silence to remember professor Fijian I0RWzqHRa_u-00684-00495785-00496055 thank you I0RWzqHRa_u-00685-00496171-00496648 we have a number of members of our community to recognize whose roles will I0RWzqHRa_u-00686-00496648-00497531 be changing or or otherwise stepping down from various posts so first we're I0RWzqHRa_u-00687-00497531-00497810 going to recognize Eric Rosen who will be retiring and I'm going to ask I0RWzqHRa_u-00688-00497810-00498268 Alvaro to come on up to do the recognition I0RWzqHRa_u-00689-00499344-00499971 hi Eric Griffin has been a contributor to the ATF and to the Internet in I0RWzqHRa_u-00690-00499971-00500434 general for a very very long time he has about 60 RFC's that he has published I0RWzqHRa_u-00691-00500434-00501135 most of them in the routing area the first one was RC 827 this was where he I0RWzqHRa_u-00692-00501135-00501660 documented EGP the exterior gateway protocol this was a protocol that held I0RWzqHRa_u-00693-00501660-00502456 the internet together before BGP you in existed I met Eric personally about many I0RWzqHRa_u-00694-00502456-00502954 many he hears after that that our students published in 1982 but it's how I0RWzqHRa_u-00695-00502954-00503460 I met him in person we were both working at Cisco he had already done very I0RWzqHRa_u-00696-00503460-00504079 significant contributions to the ATF he had co-authored our C 30 31 which is the I0RWzqHRa_u-00697-00504079-00504991 MPLS architecture of RC & 25:47 that's MPLS or BT MPLS VPNs these two have I0RWzqHRa_u-00698-00504991-00505464 inspired hundreds of others RFC's hundreds of working groups and that we I0RWzqHRa_u-00699-00505464-00506083 still have significant amount of work in the routing area Eric which always has I0RWzqHRa_u-00700-00506083-00506827 been always my person like me he's an introvert we're not much into small talk I0RWzqHRa_u-00701-00506827-00507250 or anything like that when we first met we sat next to each other or in front of I0RWzqHRa_u-00702-00507250-00507894 each other looking at each other just just like that before for about 30 I0RWzqHRa_u-00703-00507894-00508443 seconds those were probably the longest 30 seconds of my life he then went on I0RWzqHRa_u-00704-00508443-00508968 and explained in detail what he was working on details is one of the very I0RWzqHRa_u-00705-00508968-00509439 important characteristics that really highlighted his abilities he always did I0RWzqHRa_u-00706-00509439-00509884 very in-depth reviews of drafts you always started with I have a few I0RWzqHRa_u-00707-00509884-00510463 comments and then he went deep into what was wrong or what needs to be corrected I0RWzqHRa_u-00708-00510463-00510991 in the different documents he always wrote to his to his co-author saying oh I0RWzqHRa_u-00709-00510991-00511366 I have a few I made a few editorial changes to the document but he had I0RWzqHRa_u-00710-00511366-00511619 probably completed rewritten the whole thing I0RWzqHRa_u-00711-00511619-00512185 he still has about two or three other RCS on the pipeline so we're looking I0RWzqHRa_u-00712-00512185-00512546 forward to keep working with him the completion of that work I0RWzqHRa_u-00713-00512546-00513136 unfortunately he couldn't make it to this ITF but I want to your help in I0RWzqHRa_u-00714-00513136-00513991 thanking him for his work and in wishing him good luck in your time thank you so I0RWzqHRa_u-00715-00514778-00515378 next I'd like to recognize Miriam whose last name I will never be able to I0RWzqHRa_u-00716-00515378-00516194 pronounce so I'm not going to pronounce it Miriam has been Co leading our edu I0RWzqHRa_u-00717-00516194-00516869 team for the past 14 years and in particular has put a really strong focus I0RWzqHRa_u-00718-00516869-00517448 on coordinating and developing the tutorial materials and the tutorials I0RWzqHRa_u-00719-00517448-00518138 themselves that occur typically on the sunday of the IETF meeting week over the I0RWzqHRa_u-00720-00518138-00518744 years her and her day job at the ripe NCC even as it has changed and gotten I0RWzqHRa_u-00721-00518744-00519209 busier and busier and she's gotten more occupied with things that take her I0RWzqHRa_u-00722-00519209-00519734 further away from the IETF she has continued to remain dedicated to this I0RWzqHRa_u-00723-00519734-00520405 task and to donating her time and helping us out to create a program of I0RWzqHRa_u-00724-00520405-00520851 activities that help new people understand ITF technologies and I0RWzqHRa_u-00725-00520851-00521440 processes and everything else that they need to be successful in the nhf so I0RWzqHRa_u-00726-00521440-00522011 she's I don't think will necessarily never see you again at an IETF meeting I I0RWzqHRa_u-00727-00522011-00522446 think she'll be back to the idea but stepping down from from her role in the I0RWzqHRa_u-00728-00522446-00522938 edu team so please join me in thanking Miriam and we have a small gift for you I0RWzqHRa_u-00729-00522938-00523303 as well I0RWzqHRa_u-00730-00525419-00525942 I joined the AG team 14 years ago I guess you did the math right it was when I0RWzqHRa_u-00731-00525942-00526278 Brian Carpenter was the ITF chair for those of you who remember that it's a I0RWzqHRa_u-00732-00526278-00526746 long time ago and primarily to start the ITF journal at the time because I felt I0RWzqHRa_u-00733-00526746-00527169 that was better to do it within the ITF as-90 effectivity now the ITF journal I0RWzqHRa_u-00734-00527169-00527580 won't be no more and so I decided to step down from the idea team but no I'm I0RWzqHRa_u-00735-00527580-00528009 just kidding I just felt like as coincidence I just feel like I don't I0RWzqHRa_u-00736-00528009-00528438 have enough time anymore to put into doing a good job good enough job for the I0RWzqHRa_u-00737-00528438-00529898 edge' team so I'm but thanks for the recognition it's very kind I've known I0RWzqHRa_u-00738-00529898-00530517 for a while this moment was coming and I've been dreading it as many people I0RWzqHRa_u-00739-00530517-00531423 know Jim Martin has been building networks for the ITF for 23 years will I0RWzqHRa_u-00740-00531423-00532076 be stepping down as of this meeting from his his position as the lead of our NOC I0RWzqHRa_u-00741-00532076-00532967 Jim is the closest thing that this community has to a real magician as I I0RWzqHRa_u-00742-00532967-00533757 said building networks for 23 years here and if you think about this community I0RWzqHRa_u-00743-00533757-00534315 and the kinds of demands that we put on the network our propensity to be able to I0RWzqHRa_u-00744-00534315-00534921 complain about things that don't work the incredible quality of this network I0RWzqHRa_u-00745-00534921-00535494 and the incredibly low volume of complaints by comparison much of that is I0RWzqHRa_u-00746-00535494-00536106 can be attributed to Jim's leadership of the nob but not only that Jim is also I0RWzqHRa_u-00747-00536106-00536694 essentially a magician because he's capable of going to hotels like this one I0RWzqHRa_u-00748-00536694-00537405 and convincing them to do things that they definitely should not agree to and I0RWzqHRa_u-00749-00537405-00538194 in some cases are not even in their own interest jim has also done other magic I0RWzqHRa_u-00750-00538194-00538769 tricks like building a network even when all of the equipment was lost I0RWzqHRa_u-00751-00538769-00539517 but I think perhaps most importantly for this community he has inspired a team of I0RWzqHRa_u-00752-00539517-00540073 volunteers to dedicate a tremendous amount of time and energy and resources I0RWzqHRa_u-00753-00540073-00540798 to the NOC and that includes entire extra weeks tacked on to the already I0RWzqHRa_u-00754-00540798-00541555 grueling meeting week significant investment while they're there on the I0RWzqHRa_u-00755-00541555-00542094 ground extra trips to conduct a site qualification visits so that we can find I0RWzqHRa_u-00756-00542094-00542490 out in advance whether we think the venue's will work for us or not and I0RWzqHRa_u-00757-00542490-00543219 really through his his collaborative and kind spirit inspired others in our I0RWzqHRa_u-00758-00543219-00543786 community to donate and to serve and the interests of making the IETF better and I0RWzqHRa_u-00759-00543786-00544375 and the internet better and and that's a real magic trick so please join me in I0RWzqHRa_u-00760-00544375-00544953 saying thank you to Jim I0RWzqHRa_u-00761-00547558-00548191 Thank You Alyssa the truth is you get my name up front but the truth is it's all I0RWzqHRa_u-00762-00548191-00548648 kinds of different people behind the scenes I need to thank all of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00763-00548648-00549050 equipment sponsors and link sponsors that have made this possible Cisco and I0RWzqHRa_u-00764-00549050-00549419 juniper in particular juniper just recently gave us a bunch of new routers I0RWzqHRa_u-00765-00549419-00549938 I want to thank them I need to thank all the chairs when I started this fred was I0RWzqHRa_u-00766-00549938-00550298 the chair and every single chair all the way along has been helping us make sure I0RWzqHRa_u-00767-00550298-00550592 this really happens because they actually understand the impact it has on I0RWzqHRa_u-00768-00550592-00551225 the community so I really appreciate all that help and certainly we we have all I0RWzqHRa_u-00769-00551225-00551735 the folks at AMS in particular I've gotta say how much I appreciate Laura I0RWzqHRa_u-00770-00551735-00552425 Nugent Stephanie McCammon and Marsha gosh we miss you Marsha and finally the I0RWzqHRa_u-00771-00552425-00553016 team my team is a really amazing set of people they come and they dedicate weeks I0RWzqHRa_u-00772-00553016-00553424 of their lives they're here a week before everybody else is and it's a I0RWzqHRa_u-00773-00553424-00554003 combination these days of contractors and volunteers but it's all through I0RWzqHRa_u-00774-00554003-00554585 their consistent effort and one working as one team to make sure that what is I0RWzqHRa_u-00775-00554585-00555065 delivered here both in the guests of both in the meeting space as well as up I0RWzqHRa_u-00776-00555065-00555392 in the guest rooms because well that's what we all keep working all the time I0RWzqHRa_u-00777-00555392-00555956 and the IETF does so we want to make sure that that happens so there's an I0RWzqHRa_u-00778-00555956-00556301 amazing amount of work and I mean even this time we ended up having to take I0RWzqHRa_u-00779-00556301-00556673 over all of the wireless in the guest rooms not just take it over like we I0RWzqHRa_u-00780-00556673-00557135 usually do but we had to reconfigure the whole thing so I'm just so proud of my I0RWzqHRa_u-00781-00557135-00557660 team and you know I'm actually also want to thank all of you I've been here for I0RWzqHRa_u-00782-00557660-00558122 25 years I have seen what we've done as a community to impact the world and I0RWzqHRa_u-00783-00558122-00558736 frankly I can't wait to see you guys do in the next 25 thank you all very much I0RWzqHRa_u-00784-00560082-00561277 so on to our outgoing ISG members we have four of them this time first we I0RWzqHRa_u-00785-00561277-00562480 have been Campbell who's served for years on the IHG Ben has a real special I0RWzqHRa_u-00786-00562480-00562960 place at least from my perspective as one of the other founders of the art I0RWzqHRa_u-00787-00562960-00563413 area there's not very many area directors who can claim to have founded I0RWzqHRa_u-00788-00563413-00563873 an area so when we merged real time applications and infrastructure and I0RWzqHRa_u-00789-00563873-00564439 applications about four years ago Ben was a big part of that transition which I0RWzqHRa_u-00790-00564439-00565021 I think has been he said my personally completely biased view a real success in I0RWzqHRa_u-00791-00565021-00565801 the ietf Ben has also been a true calming force on the IHG I think as I0RWzqHRa_u-00792-00565801-00566248 everyone knows the IHG is a perfectly harmonious body on which there's never I0RWzqHRa_u-00793-00566248-00567133 any discord nevertheless Ben's presence has been particularly useful and I0RWzqHRa_u-00794-00567133-00567745 critical in times when some some others of us were not not quite getting along I0RWzqHRa_u-00795-00567745-00568267 as well as we could have maybe it's his Southern roots I'm not sure but he's I0RWzqHRa_u-00796-00568267-00568684 always been been able to kind of bring us back together and show us what's I0RWzqHRa_u-00797-00568684-00569161 important he's always been also willing to take the lead on some fairly I0RWzqHRa_u-00798-00569161-00569842 difficult tasks recently this included handling an appeal response handling I0RWzqHRa_u-00799-00569842-00570226 other kinds of community discussions about very controversial topics like I0RWzqHRa_u-00800-00570226-00570865 what does the updates tag mean and I'm really really appreciative for all of I0RWzqHRa_u-00801-00570865-00571291 that effort so then if you could come on up and have a small gift of appreciation I0RWzqHRa_u-00802-00571291-00571563 for you I0RWzqHRa_u-00803-00571679-00572556 oh there is okay and please join me in thanking Ben I0RWzqHRa_u-00804-00573392-00573948 people who may not know Ben is an avid sailor and we thought you know we're I0RWzqHRa_u-00805-00573948-00574188 always talking about which hat do you have on you have this hat on that hat on I0RWzqHRa_u-00806-00574188-00574602 so we figured me we could get it since your since you're taking off your ad hat I0RWzqHRa_u-00807-00574602-00576300 tonight we figured we'd get you next we have Spencer Dawkins our outgoing I0RWzqHRa_u-00808-00576300-00576771 transport area director so Spencer's been serving on the IHG for six years I0RWzqHRa_u-00809-00576771-00577527 he's the longest serving current member of the is G which means that as he as he I0RWzqHRa_u-00810-00577527-00577994 departs us we are losing some of our deepest historical context on the is G I0RWzqHRa_u-00811-00577994-00578364 which is actually pretty critical because nobody on the I issue you can I0RWzqHRa_u-00812-00578364-00578769 ever remember like oh we talked about this exact thing same thing last year I0RWzqHRa_u-00813-00578769-00579411 let alone six years ago but Spencer always has that memory I think the other I0RWzqHRa_u-00814-00579411-00579804 really critical thing about Spencer especially at a time when we're having I0RWzqHRa_u-00815-00579804-00580446 lots of discussions in the IETF about how do we work together how do we I0RWzqHRa_u-00816-00580446-00580911 conduct ourselves Spencer's really always been a model of I would say I0RWzqHRa_u-00817-00580911-00581460 humility and kindness not just on the IE but towards every person that he I0RWzqHRa_u-00818-00581460-00581979 interacts with is as far as I've seen and so that's that's really something to I0RWzqHRa_u-00819-00581979-00582570 look up to we also have Spencer to thank for one of the working groups which is I0RWzqHRa_u-00820-00582570-00583062 most difficult to schedule on the entire ITF agenda the quick working group which I0RWzqHRa_u-00821-00583062-00583458 has a conflict with every other working group and security and transport and I0RWzqHRa_u-00822-00583458-00583821 applications and possibly several others like who knows what else as soon as we I0RWzqHRa_u-00823-00583821-00584268 do bgp over quick we're also gonna have that low set of conflicts so thank you I0RWzqHRa_u-00824-00584268-00585049 for that gift Spencer I think even after you're you're no longer serving I0RWzqHRa_u-00825-00585049-00585451 you've you've really drilled it into us that we need to make good choices and do I0RWzqHRa_u-00826-00585451-00585901 the right thing so let's hope we continue to do that please join me and I0RWzqHRa_u-00827-00585901-00586240 Thank You Spencer for all this time I0RWzqHRa_u-00828-00588332-00589006 I think this requires no explanation I0RWzqHRa_u-00829-00590323-00591326 I'm gonna put it on right now this is the best t-shirt that anybody has ever I0RWzqHRa_u-00830-00591326-00591818 gotten I kept eating it was tough you know what you know we took 9 years and I0RWzqHRa_u-00831-00591818-00592402 it was totally worth it I0RWzqHRa_u-00832-00592801-00593384 next terri mandersohn our outgoing internet area director terry has been I0RWzqHRa_u-00833-00593384-00594116 serving on the IHC for four years I think Terry wins the award for most 2:00 I0RWzqHRa_u-00834-00594116-00594890 a.m. phone calls being based in Australia when Terri joined the IHG we I0RWzqHRa_u-00835-00594890-00595326 had a conversation about do we want to change the time at which we have the is I0RWzqHRa_u-00836-00595326-00595853 G tell it chats which are typically earlier in the morning or at least in I0RWzqHRa_u-00837-00595853-00596278 the in the evening but not in the middle of the night for the rest of us and I0RWzqHRa_u-00838-00596278-00596784 Terri graciously said no it's it's fine I'll keep him in the middle of the night I0RWzqHRa_u-00839-00596784-00597296 so he's been doing that every two weeks for the last four years please like buy I0RWzqHRa_u-00840-00597296-00597613 him a beer if you see him I0RWzqHRa_u-00841-00597614-00598172 and although Terry didn't have the the highest number of working groups on his I0RWzqHRa_u-00842-00598172-00598934 plate he did have some of the hairiest ones nets so we also have him to thank I0RWzqHRa_u-00843-00598934-00599501 for for shepherding some difficult working group discussions in the I0RWzqHRa_u-00844-00599506-00600294 internet area so please join me in thanking Terry and come on up I0RWzqHRa_u-00845-00603248-00603714 and finally we have Eric Rescorla who is the outgoing security area director I0RWzqHRa_u-00846-00603714-00604315 who's been serving on the ihd for two years I think we all know that the sec I0RWzqHRa_u-00847-00604315-00605000 ad workload can be especially demanding I've sort of expected to review in I0RWzqHRa_u-00848-00605000-00605504 detail all the drafts as opposed to the rest of us who just kind of do some more I0RWzqHRa_u-00849-00605504-00606109 cursory reviews and I think Eric's plate was particularly full as he was also I0RWzqHRa_u-00850-00606109-00606577 contributing as a fairly prolific individual contributor in the IETF I0RWzqHRa_u-00851-00606577-00607246 working on TLS 1.3 web RTC acne quick and so on and also simultaneously I0RWzqHRa_u-00852-00607246-00607928 serving as the CTO of Firefox I think if you kind of balance those two things I0RWzqHRa_u-00853-00607928-00608284 together what you can make a determination about is that occur I0RWzqHRa_u-00854-00608284-00609088 probably had more discusses per hour put in to the IHG than any other ad that I0RWzqHRa_u-00855-00609088-00609619 that has served in recent memory so anyone who's actually published a I0RWzqHRa_u-00856-00609619-00610115 document in the last two years can you know give a moment of thanks that he'll I0RWzqHRa_u-00857-00610115-00611204 be stepping down from the ISU but we will miss his his detailed reviews as we I0RWzqHRa_u-00858-00611204-00611633 go forward with our new team so please join me in thanking Eric for his service I0RWzqHRa_u-00859-00611633-00611898 on the ihd I0RWzqHRa_u-00860-00613517-00613939 you needed one of course I did yeah I0RWzqHRa_u-00861-00614569-00616238 I have no idea actually cuz I didn't find anything but yeah also I'll still I0RWzqHRa_u-00862-00616238-00617422 be reviewing your documents right and then I think I don't know who's thanking I0RWzqHRa_u-00863-00617422-00617770 the trustee he's Glen are you thanking the trustees I don't really want to I0RWzqHRa_u-00864-00617770-00618019 thank myself I0RWzqHRa_u-00865-00619371-00619805 I don't think I've ever been up and down on stage as many times since today so I0RWzqHRa_u-00866-00619805-00620454 you know hey there's been a major change happen in the LLC and the ILC we shut I0RWzqHRa_u-00867-00620454-00620868 the ifc dad lost beating but one of the things that always kind of went on along I0RWzqHRa_u-00868-00620868-00621399 with the IOC was the IDF trust in fact one of the rules for being an ITF I0RWzqHRa_u-00869-00621399-00622218 trustee up until recently was you were on the IOC and so it is you know sort of I0RWzqHRa_u-00870-00622218-00622988 the be very quiet very well not well understood part of the the whole I0RWzqHRa_u-00871-00622988-00623604 administrative and Jalapa makes this place run that is the trust these I0RWzqHRa_u-00872-00623604-00624150 trustees here are people have put a lot of work in reviewing talking about I0RWzqHRa_u-00873-00624150-00624672 trademark management asset management I Anna it's not to everybody especially I0RWzqHRa_u-00874-00624672-00625062 for hard core engineers the sexiest stuff but it's really important not to I0RWzqHRa_u-00875-00625062-00625715 really thank them for their service we have blue burger not Leslie Cooper I0RWzqHRa_u-00876-00625715-00626568 Jeff Hardy coming Ranger bar the former chair Andrew Sullivan who managed I0RWzqHRa_u-00877-00626568-00626916 actually to be a trustee twice in the same hereby treatment pass he got I0RWzqHRa_u-00878-00626916-00627360 selected by the Dom calm and they got the job over at I sock as the CEO I'm I0RWzqHRa_u-00879-00627360-00627843 president and he's waited resigned from the the IOC I think it we appointed I0RWzqHRa_u-00880-00627843-00628428 because of course the CEO and president of Ison was on the ILC and once he gave I0RWzqHRa_u-00881-00628428-00628830 me cameras rusty so he just couldn't leave I got edgy you might be back again I0RWzqHRa_u-00882-00628830-00629036 I'm not sure we may worked it out somehow I0RWzqHRa_u-00883-00629036-00629517 and finally Porsche who's done a great job thank you Porsche I0RWzqHRa_u-00884-00629517-00629902 so thank you all to the all the outgoing trustees I0RWzqHRa_u-00885-00632507-00632901 so I think all of the outgoing IEP members are friends so if you could all I0RWzqHRa_u-00886-00632901-00633546 come up at once that probably be great will will will do that and then the IAB I0RWzqHRa_u-00887-00633546-00633936 itself will will join you in a minute but if you're an outgoing IV member why I0RWzqHRa_u-00888-00633936-00634590 don't you come up now and in a moment the rest of you I you can can join us I0RWzqHRa_u-00889-00634590-00634934 for those of you who are looking forward to the IB open mic I remind you that we I0RWzqHRa_u-00890-00634934-00635363 send our report in email before this so you don't have to look at it on screen I0RWzqHRa_u-00891-00635363-00635667 but if you'd like to look under your laptops while you're waiting it's off I0RWzqHRa_u-00892-00635667-00636053 the IAB website website I0RWzqHRa_u-00893-00636607-00636959 and I'll do the thanks in alphabetical order because there's no really good way I0RWzqHRa_u-00894-00636959-00637388 of doing it and and first is Allison and Allison many people don't actually I0RWzqHRa_u-00895-00637388-00637765 realize that the a RTF chair in addition to doing all of the work of the IRT F is I0RWzqHRa_u-00896-00637765-00638221 also a non-voting member of the IAB and that vote isn't really the important I0RWzqHRa_u-00897-00638221-00638632 part of the ID we try not to vote very much what we try and do is come to I0RWzqHRa_u-00898-00638632-00638959 consensus around different topics and the IRT F chair and in particular I0RWzqHRa_u-00899-00638959-00639346 Allison has been a wonderful influence on us as we've considered some of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00900-00639346-00639809 matters before us it's a hard job and it's a job which comes with other jobs I0RWzqHRa_u-00901-00639809-00640246 and we really want to thank Allison for her time not just as IRT f chair but as I0RWzqHRa_u-00902-00640246-00641246 a member of the IEP don't don't tell people what's in it just yet because I0RWzqHRa_u-00903-00641246-00641884 you're all gonna get them out at once so Gabriel Montenegro joined the IB in 2017 I0RWzqHRa_u-00904-00641884-00642194 and in addition to his general contribution he served on the plenary I0RWzqHRa_u-00905-00642194-00642548 planning program the stack evolution program the ename workshop and a I0RWzqHRa_u-00906-00642548-00642880 shepherd of some of our critical liaisons such as the european ICT I0RWzqHRa_u-00907-00642880-00643703 platforms group thank you very much I0RWzqHRa_u-00908-00643873-00644340 Roberts joined in 2015 and in addition to his contributions to the general work I0RWzqHRa_u-00909-00644340-00644819 of the idea he was the IAB publications stream manager he served as an on I0RWzqHRa_u-00910-00644819-00645261 combination served as a liaison to the ASG worked on the IV's response to the I0RWzqHRa_u-00911-00645261-00645855 FCC inquiries on stir and shaken served on the stack evolution program and that I0RWzqHRa_u-00912-00645855-00646377 bub and beyond that he focused himself on the RFC editor he was in addition to I0RWzqHRa_u-00913-00646377-00646746 being the stream manager he led the search for the new ISE and served on the I0RWzqHRa_u-00914-00646746-00647085 our Sauk although we have to confess that we kind of poached him he was on I0RWzqHRa_u-00915-00647085-00647657 the are sock before he joined the IAB thank you very much Robert I0RWzqHRa_u-00916-00648263-00648746 Suzanne hates going last but that's just the luck of the draw she joined in 2015 I0RWzqHRa_u-00917-00648746-00649146 as well in addition to her contribution to the general work of the ID she served I0RWzqHRa_u-00918-00649146-00649442 on the protec program the plenary planning program the concluded I0RWzqHRa_u-00919-00649442-00649914 internationalization and the identifiers programs and as an isg liaison and she I0RWzqHRa_u-00920-00649914-00650427 was Shepherd for any number of ICANN related processes basically if you want I0RWzqHRa_u-00921-00650427-00650744 to think about I can she did the work on that she was a joint lead of the ANA I0RWzqHRa_u-00922-00650744-00651167 program she was the Shepherd for the ICANN NomCom search she led the ICANN I0RWzqHRa_u-00923-00651167-00651552 board of directors liaison search she led the our search search and she I0RWzqHRa_u-00924-00651552-00652053 managed the liaison relationship with the our sac so she basically kept ICANN I0RWzqHRa_u-00925-00652053-00652515 at bay for the entirety of the rest of the IAB and for that and many other I0RWzqHRa_u-00926-00652515-00652823 things we thanked I0RWzqHRa_u-00927-00653171-00653663 so if you would get out the gifts now to show people baguettes are basically a I0RWzqHRa_u-00928-00653663-00654126 very small token of the fact that we will always treat you as reserved IAB I0RWzqHRa_u-00929-00654126-00654555 members helping to make the internet better more resilient and more available I0RWzqHRa_u-00930-00654555-00655072 to the world even as the gifts will show if we need to reboot it from scratch I0RWzqHRa_u-00931-00655072-00655605 because these are copies of a very wonderful book of the Victorian internet I0RWzqHRa_u-00932-00655605-00656345 and a set of telegraph keys just in case we need to go all the way back thanks to I0RWzqHRa_u-00933-00656345-00657422 each and every one of you and now if I could ask the rest of the IAB to join us I0RWzqHRa_u-00934-00657422-00657947 for the open microphone session I know there was one person who had a question I0RWzqHRa_u-00935-00657947-00658386 for Heather Heather joins us as well during the course of this so if that I0RWzqHRa_u-00936-00658386-00658811 person I think you have priority in line if you want to get back in line we'll I0RWzqHRa_u-00937-00658811-00659095 try and have you go first I0RWzqHRa_u-00938-00659590-00660281 so logistical note for people coming up onto the stage only two of the table I0RWzqHRa_u-00939-00660281-00660731 mics can be on at any one time so if yours isn't working someone else needs I0RWzqHRa_u-00940-00660731-00661523 to turn theirs off okay while we wait for the the lines to populate why don't I0RWzqHRa_u-00941-00661523-00661877 we start with introductions Jen Ben could you begin I0RWzqHRa_u-00942-00661877-00663353 introduce yourself John pin okay to me Andy it's my first time to take the IB I0RWzqHRa_u-00943-00663353-00663896 member I am from another hobby I'm either join the inside here the I0RWzqHRa_u-00944-00663896-00664328 scenes of the 2009 and until now there's ten years unlucky I0RWzqHRa_u-00945-00664328-00664982 and it will work for the community and contribute more to the IDF Thanks I0RWzqHRa_u-00946-00664982-00666490 Hi, Stephen Farrell fairly fresh IAB. Jari Arkko, IAB. Melinda Shore, IAB. Colin Perkins, I0RWzqHRa_u-00947-00666490-00667717 incoming IRTF Chair. Heather Flanagan, not IAB. Robert Sparks, Outgoing IAB. I0RWzqHRa_u-00948-00667717-00668761 Gabriel Montenegro outgoing IAB Alison Mankin, outgoing IRTF chair. I0RWzqHRa_u-00949-00668761-00669608 Suzanne Woolf outgoing and departing IAB. Ted Hardie, IAB chair. Alissa Cooper I0RWzqHRa_u-00950-00669608-00670411 continuing IETF chair just into a a be west heart accrued newbie Eric Nam arc I0RWzqHRa_u-00951-00670411-00671494 IAB bring a dremel IAB Christian Adama heavy mountain Thompson I0RWzqHRa_u-00952-00671814-00672748 do you do you need any introduction mark Nottingham continuing ie being so I0RWzqHRa_u-00953-00672748-00673120 if that's all you wanted to know we can stop here otherwise please get up to the I0RWzqHRa_u-00954-00673120-00673603 - yeah I wasn't the one who was up to the mic before but I do have a question I0RWzqHRa_u-00955-00673603-00674218 for Heather I'm on set I you mentioned this a3 software that you need that I0RWzqHRa_u-00956-00674218-00674572 seems to be hard to get a hold of and it surprised me at first that we would use I0RWzqHRa_u-00957-00674572-00675001 such a thing I did some quick reading because I hadn't heard of it before it I0RWzqHRa_u-00958-00675001-00675433 sounds to me like this is necessary to support the SVG import is can you I0RWzqHRa_u-00959-00675433-00676515 clarify that so there the short answer is to look at one of the RFC seven nine I0RWzqHRa_u-00960-00676515-00677044 five or four or something like that the PDF requirements for the new format what I0RWzqHRa_u-00961-00677044-00677548 I'm looking for is a format that was designed for archiving and one of our I0RWzqHRa_u-00962-00677548-00678052 requirements event archiving is that the XML must be included in the document so I0RWzqHRa_u-00963-00678052-00678607 that it's a completely self-contained PDF file that inclusion of the XML takes I0RWzqHRa_u-00964-00678607-00679189 it just from PDF a1 to a PDF a3 right okay and finding software that can do I0RWzqHRa_u-00965-00679189-00679993 that was very hard right thank you hello I'm Julia scrubber check and I came I0RWzqHRa_u-00966-00679993-00680419 earlier to ask a technical question and you didn't want to take it and I'm not I0RWzqHRa_u-00967-00680419-00681469 bitter mathematical formulas oh that's a good question um that's something I was I0RWzqHRa_u-00968-00681469-00681844 talking to Henrik about earlier right now we're looking at people that would I0RWzqHRa_u-00969-00681844-00682312 want to do a mathematical formulas putting it in like the NS VG image we've I0RWzqHRa_u-00970-00682312-00683133 talked about using math and math ml that doesn't I participate in the w3 C's I0RWzqHRa_u-00971-00683133-00683599 publishing working group and there seems to be a lot of kind of controversy about I0RWzqHRa_u-00972-00683599-00684424 how to put mathematical equations in web documents for example and some recommend I0RWzqHRa_u-00973-00684424-00684780 mathjax some recommend math I'm not actually sure what would be the I0RWzqHRa_u-00974-00684780-00685184 right solution for us if you have some ideas could you come talk to me later I0RWzqHRa_u-00975-00685184-00685989 okay now I'm bitter okay that's fair hi Richard burns I'm I0RWzqHRa_u-00976-00685989-00686439 gonna do you know continue the RFC editor love here so I've been checking I0RWzqHRa_u-00977-00686439-00686721 out some of the reports you know that you guys produce fare periodically on I0RWzqHRa_u-00978-00686721-00687249 the performance of the RPC noticing that you guys have been in the kind of lower I0RWzqHRa_u-00979-00687249-00687564 categories of SLA performance recently so I'm just wondering what the plan is I0RWzqHRa_u-00980-00687564-00688047 for remediation there and coming back into compliance for the SaaS very good I0RWzqHRa_u-00981-00688047-00688620 question - so in 2016 or so we recognized that there was going to be a I0RWzqHRa_u-00982-00688620-00688929 problem when we hit the format transition because we were going to be I0RWzqHRa_u-00983-00688929-00689289 doing so much more than just editing documents we were going to be writing I0RWzqHRa_u-00984-00689289-00689777 new procedures we were going to be doing additional training we were going to be I0RWzqHRa_u-00985-00689777-00690438 learning a whole new XML really and so we had requested through that we had I0RWzqHRa_u-00986-00690438-00690852 told the IOC at the time that this was going to take up to three point two five I0RWzqHRa_u-00987-00690852-00691488 FTE to actually stay ahead of that particular curve and the response at the I0RWzqHRa_u-00988-00691488-00691941 time was we don't have money to give you three point two five FTE but you you I0RWzqHRa_u-00989-00691941-00692685 know we can talk about one okay we held off bringing in that one until we were I0RWzqHRa_u-00990-00692685-00693177 closer to the to the transition that one person has been added and has been very I0RWzqHRa_u-00991-00693177-00693693 helpful but as we expected this isn't really enough to put us ahead of the I0RWzqHRa_u-00992-00693693-00694191 curve now one of the things I didn't do that I probably should have was so that I0RWzqHRa_u-00993-00694191-00694671 was 2016 2017 this is now 2019 should I have gone back to the well and said hey I0RWzqHRa_u-00994-00694671-00695082 you know we told you this this is what you said you could do then has anything I0RWzqHRa_u-00995-00695082-00696090 changed that that I did not do so we're working at at a difficulty right now so I0RWzqHRa_u-00996-00696090-00696528 do you have an ETA on when we should expect to see green again um probably I0RWzqHRa_u-00997-00696528-00697218 towards the end of this year just Kathleen Moriarty just to follow up on I0RWzqHRa_u-00998-00697218-00697464 that what can we as a community do when we I0RWzqHRa_u-00999-00697464-00697899 are when we have active documents in the RFC editor queue to I0RWzqHRa_u-01000-00697899-00698628 help or before that the the single best thing that the community could do the I0RWzqHRa_u-01001-00698628-00699015 document shepherds could do in the working group chairs can do is never I0RWzqHRa_u-01002-00699015-00699933 never say oh the RFC editor will just fix that I have heard that actually many I0RWzqHRa_u-01003-00699933-00700305 many times where people said yeah we knew that was a problem but we figured I0RWzqHRa_u-01004-00700305-00700710 you would just fix that you'll you'll just fix the references you'll just fix I0RWzqHRa_u-01005-00700710-00701328 this particular table we know it's a bad table but you'll just fix it the less we I0RWzqHRa_u-01006-00701328-00701894 have to just fix the formatting and you know fix the content that way I0RWzqHRa_u-01007-00701894-00703083 the better things will go I see no one else at the microphones so I think maybe I0RWzqHRa_u-01008-00703083-00704084 it's time to call the iesg up Tuesday oops are the LLC board I0RWzqHRa_u-01009-00708313-00708801 hey who hasn't met me yet today I0RWzqHRa_u-01010-00709397-00710032 can I ask the board starting with Jason - please and juice themselves I0RWzqHRa_u-01011-00710128-00710832 Jason Livengood incoming auto company your outgoing it said hurty outgoing I0RWzqHRa_u-01012-00710832-00711571 Dean Oh going ELISA Cooper incoming Shawn Turner in coming and we have I0RWzqHRa_u-01013-00711571-00712884 screen Maya did you leave audio and Peter our last remaining board member I0RWzqHRa_u-01014-00712884-00713230 it's Colonel on a plane back home so we can't join us today I0RWzqHRa_u-01015-00713230-00713824 do we have any questions for either the incoming or the outgoing board I0RWzqHRa_u-01016-00716660-00717021 trustees love about their dad I0RWzqHRa_u-01017-00717383-00717748 if the is you could come on up I0RWzqHRa_u-01018-00722819-00723463 let's start with the proverbial passing of the dots I0RWzqHRa_u-01019-00724211-00724601 does everybody who should have a dot and have a dot because now you're on the I0RWzqHRa_u-01020-00724601-00725327 hook you looking at you yeah okay okay Mike lines are open I0RWzqHRa_u-01021-00725327-00725911 Oh Alexi come on oh no I guess we should probably introduce ourselves right okay I0RWzqHRa_u-01022-00725911-00726430 I've already introduced myself three times so I forgot and start at the end I0RWzqHRa_u-01023-00726430-00727361 with Eric could you introduce yourself yeah okay Eric rajala as you can see I0RWzqHRa_u-01024-00727361-00728294 outgoing Adam Roche continuing art area director Roman janae do incoming I0RWzqHRa_u-01025-00728294-00728869 security Benedict continuing security I0RWzqHRa_u-01026-00728884-00729446 Magnus vest done incoming transport Debra brogard I0RWzqHRa_u-01027-00729446-00729769 continuing routing area I0RWzqHRa_u-01028-00729784-00730378 Terry Madison escaping into area cheers I0RWzqHRa_u-01029-00730480-00731013 irrigating incoming transport cheese with water I0RWzqHRa_u-01030-00731751-00732571 it's a cool let's go on into anyway then I'm out so apparently there's some I0RWzqHRa_u-01031-00732571-00733234 overstep I meant internet obviously okay you know I0RWzqHRa_u-01032-00733234-00733972 now what that was drinking before you could even transport it's a party I0RWzqHRa_u-01033-00733972-00735006 ex-officio ie be chair Ben Campbell outgoing art Barry liebe the new Ben I0RWzqHRa_u-01034-00735006-00735823 Warren Kumari continuing ups or returning ops technically Albert or I0RWzqHRa_u-01035-00735823-00736509 thunder continue routing you cannot smoke Adonis management and operations I0RWzqHRa_u-01036-00736509-00737251 Spencer Dawkins I used to be a transporter area director Alex Melnick I0RWzqHRa_u-01037-00737251-00737538 of continuing art I0RWzqHRa_u-01038-00738325-00739102 looks like David wants to be first okay David black so Warren asked me to say I0RWzqHRa_u-01039-00739102-00739471 this so it's a good idea thank born it's a bad idea blame blame blame me I0RWzqHRa_u-01040-00739471-00739996 I thought the routing architecture session this afternoon was excellent I0RWzqHRa_u-01041-00739996-00740401 very useful and it was clearly a really good idea to hold it during the week as I0RWzqHRa_u-01042-00740401-00741373 opposed to in the usual Sunday tutorial slot so well done thank you thank you I0RWzqHRa_u-01043-00741373-00742309 and thank you to everyone okay yo Cydonia so I'm happy to join ite in I0RWzqHRa_u-01044-00742309-00742750 person again last time I joined IETF remotely I0RWzqHRa_u-01045-00742750-00743458 and during the IETF meeting Gareth a lot side meeting that was I see the I think I0RWzqHRa_u-01046-00743458-00744244 I was very exciting but I couldn't participate remotely because no audio or I0RWzqHRa_u-01047-00744244-00745156 video equipment in the side meeting room so I hope to give opportunity to for the I0RWzqHRa_u-01048-00745156-00745638 remote participants to join side meeting I0RWzqHRa_u-01049-00746016-00746646 okay so just a couple of a couple of responses on that it's not you're not I0RWzqHRa_u-01050-00746646-00747166 the only person who has expressed this to us there's a few reasons why we could I0RWzqHRa_u-01051-00747166-00747529 don't currently provide remote participation for side meetings one is I0RWzqHRa_u-01052-00747529-00747925 that we're doing an experiment with side meetings I didn't talk about it in the I0RWzqHRa_u-01053-00747925-00748261 plenary deck because it's been going on for some time but you can read more I0RWzqHRa_u-01054-00748261-00748816 about it in our pre-meeting report and part of the thinking with why we are not I0RWzqHRa_u-01055-00748816-00749242 supporting remote participation in the side meetings was that we were trying to I0RWzqHRa_u-01056-00749242-00749728 clarify some of the distinctions between what is an official sanctioned IETF I0RWzqHRa_u-01057-00749728-00750323 activity on the ITF agenda with full support versus what is organized I0RWzqHRa_u-01058-00750323-00750895 activity by the community itself we had we've had some issues in the past with I0RWzqHRa_u-01059-00750895-00751255 fusion around what's a real buff and if people just organize a side meeting that I0RWzqHRa_u-01060-00751255-00751699 looks enough like a buff then they start to tell people that they had a buff and I0RWzqHRa_u-01061-00751699-00752122 and that was creating some some difficulty for us so that's part of the I0RWzqHRa_u-01062-00752122-00752593 reason why we make the rooms available because we have the space but we don't I0RWzqHRa_u-01063-00752593-00753016 otherwise provide other kinds of support for those meetings the other issue is I0RWzqHRa_u-01064-00753016-00753484 just the contention for me to echo we've you know signed up for a certain level I0RWzqHRa_u-01065-00753484-00753853 of support with them and and there's many many rooms in which they are I0RWzqHRa_u-01066-00753853-00754600 providing an amazing service to us and so adding rooms comes factors into the I0RWzqHRa_u-01067-00754600-00754960 the kind of service that we can get not to say it's not possible but just that I0RWzqHRa_u-01068-00754960-00755782 that's another factor that we take into consideration so I'll just make a I0RWzqHRa_u-01069-00755782-00756229 comment on the first reason for that I think we should not punish the remote I0RWzqHRa_u-01070-00756229-00756573 participants to make that point I0RWzqHRa_u-01071-00757587-00758134 Parvati's I've reviewed a number of documents that were related to yang I0RWzqHRa_u-01072-00758134-00758779 modeling and I found that often people put values that are in IANA registries I0RWzqHRa_u-01073-00758779-00759499 into RFC documents and so you get these incomplete or obsoleted entries of yang I0RWzqHRa_u-01074-00759499-00759988 values in RFC's well they should really be pointers to the the proper IANA I0RWzqHRa_u-01075-00759988-00760411 registries so I think it would be good if there's some some stearing happening I0RWzqHRa_u-01076-00760411-00760849 across the working groups to make sure that we don't produce those those I0RWzqHRa_u-01077-00760849-00761917 documents in that way so speaking of the work related to yang modeling and I0RWzqHRa_u-01078-00761917-00762394 especially the coordination between the work on the separate technology I0RWzqHRa_u-01079-00762394-00762913 components for models yes that's an area that is lacking and this is something I0RWzqHRa_u-01080-00762913-00763910 that is certainly on my focus and we probably will see something I0RWzqHRa_u-01081-00763910-00764458 more tangible happening across the coordination of the model development I0RWzqHRa_u-01082-00764458-00765398 soon so from from a public perspective this is understood and there are items I0RWzqHRa_u-01083-00765398-00765941 to try to address that this probably will not be a very quick and simple fix I0RWzqHRa_u-01084-00765941-00767234 but at least does work on one in that direction hi Alysa Eliot here we had a I0RWzqHRa_u-01085-00767234-00767767 really good side meeting on IOT onboarding today and I want to thank I0RWzqHRa_u-01086-00767767-00768560 Taurus and Kent and a few others for really helping us to try and at least I0RWzqHRa_u-01087-00768560-00768896 document what we're doing what what is available in terms of capabilities for I0RWzqHRa_u-01088-00768896-00769409 IOT onboarding particularly for wireless and I and the arm a side meeting I0RWzqHRa_u-01089-00769409-00769991 mechanism has been particularly useful for me for a number of ways one comment I0RWzqHRa_u-01090-00769991-00770465 that I did want to pass to the is G and I suspect other community members had I0RWzqHRa_u-01091-00770465-00771059 this problem too which is we really did all pile it on today and it was hard to I0RWzqHRa_u-01092-00771059-00771542 get to everything we wanted to get to so I'm not sure how to judge the Wednesday I0RWzqHRa_u-01093-00771542-00771959 experiment based on that but it was pretty packed and you sort of had to zig I0RWzqHRa_u-01094-00771959-00772906 and zag from room to room to get to what you wanted to do yes agreed I0RWzqHRa_u-01095-00773107-00773833 I first off I want to thank all of the outgoing ATS I appreciate your service I0RWzqHRa_u-01096-00773833-00774329 you do an immense amount of work to those that are coming in I wish you good I0RWzqHRa_u-01097-00774329-00774917 luck ELISA I'd like to thank you for whatever you've done behind the scenes I0RWzqHRa_u-01098-00774917-00775520 to improve the demeanor of meetings and the IETF work that has been done this I0RWzqHRa_u-01099-00775520-00776060 week compared to the past two or three or four meetings the working group I0RWzqHRa_u-01100-00776060-00776780 meetings have been much more amenable and a lot more friendly and an open so I0RWzqHRa_u-01101-00776780-00777252 whatever you have done or whatever the isg has done behind the scenes I0RWzqHRa_u-01102-00777252-00777651 would really like to thank you because as I commented in Bangkok some other I0RWzqHRa_u-01103-00777651-00778206 meetings over the past couple you know four or five sessions have been pretty I0RWzqHRa_u-01104-00778206-00778626 vile but this week so far has been really great and even though there's I0RWzqHRa_u-01105-00778626-00779016 been some you know level of disagreement as there always will be I think I0RWzqHRa_u-01106-00779016-00779520 everybody has been very open and more open-minded so whatever you're doing I0RWzqHRa_u-01107-00779520-00780354 please continue but I think you for that I do have a question I would like to I0RWzqHRa_u-01108-00780354-00781086 know what your plans are to drive growth in the IETF in the form of attracting I0RWzqHRa_u-01109-00781086-00781707 new people to come in and work on existing work products and then also to I0RWzqHRa_u-01110-00781707-00782151 get people to come to the IETF with their work and have it be done here I0RWzqHRa_u-01111-00782151-00782916 versus choosing another SDO thank you Thanks so just on the on the first bit I0RWzqHRa_u-01112-00782916-00783312 you know I talked a little bit about the things that that we've done in the IHG I0RWzqHRa_u-01113-00783312-00783939 since 103 but I would say that part of raising awareness is just creating a I0RWzqHRa_u-01114-00783939-00784233 conversation in the community about some of these issues so I would turn that I0RWzqHRa_u-01115-00784233-00784764 back on you and others who raised the issue to us at the last meeting and have I0RWzqHRa_u-01116-00784764-00785229 been continuing to engage on the topic of conduct and behavior and how we work I0RWzqHRa_u-01117-00785229-00785694 together because I think that's actually probably the most influence thus far is I0RWzqHRa_u-01118-00785694-00785952 just that people are talking about it they're more aware of it they're more I0RWzqHRa_u-01119-00785952-00786264 cognizant of it when they go to the microphone or when they kick off a I0RWzqHRa_u-01120-00786264-00786606 working group session and so I think we're starting to see the effects of I0RWzqHRa_u-01121-00786606-00788348 that as far as growth I'm sorry the first part sure I didn't mean to I0RWzqHRa_u-01122-00788348-00789059 interrupt you though I'm Wes Hart occur the ietf guides lead went up to and I I0RWzqHRa_u-01123-00789059-00789476 have to say that the number of positive compliments I've gotten from newcomers I0RWzqHRa_u-01124-00789476-00789871 that come to this organization and get help either through the guides program I0RWzqHRa_u-01125-00789871-00790361 or just people you know walking them through the process it makes all the I0RWzqHRa_u-01126-00790361-00790769 difference in the world and I think that that will see much greater retention if I0RWzqHRa_u-01127-00790769-00791150 everybody's willing to reach out to people with a badge and see how they're I0RWzqHRa_u-01128-00791150-00791548 doing and you know this is a really confusing organization to get started in I0RWzqHRa_u-01129-00791548-00791930 and so I encourage everybody to really participate and if you're able to be a I0RWzqHRa_u-01130-00791930-00792365 guide it doesn't take a whole lot of time to to interact with somebody and I0RWzqHRa_u-01131-00792365-00792673 you meet them once on Sunday and maybe once later in the week and interact over I0RWzqHRa_u-01132-00792673-00792983 email a little bit and it makes all the difference in the world so please I0RWzqHRa_u-01133-00792983-00793553 consider that that's one of the best things we can do thank you and thank you I0RWzqHRa_u-01134-00793553-00794089 for your time that you put into that Wes I0RWzqHRa_u-01135-00794417-00794958 if I could yeah if I could just respond to that a little bit so it seems like to I0RWzqHRa_u-01136-00794958-00795489 me that there's two things that are helpful one is that when people do come I0RWzqHRa_u-01137-00795489-00796246 here that we don't scare them away and the numbers for first-time attendees I0RWzqHRa_u-01138-00796246-00796748 are kind of amazing you know they're you know like well we'll see 150 250 people I0RWzqHRa_u-01139-00796748-00797253 people who are first-time attendees in a meeting but we're not growing by a I0RWzqHRa_u-01140-00797253-00797667 hundred people you know or a hundred people meeting you know so like people I0RWzqHRa_u-01141-00797667-00798098 come you know so for people who and I'm not talking like now I'm talking like I0RWzqHRa_u-01142-00798098-00798855 over the past 40 years that you know we've always had 417 these and frankly a I0RWzqHRa_u-01143-00798855-00799344 lot of them kind of bounced off and I think that we have made an awful lot of I0RWzqHRa_u-01144-00799344-00799980 changes to make it easier for people to come in here and at least get their feet I0RWzqHRa_u-01145-00799980-00800385 on the ground and understand what's going on understanding what we do I0RWzqHRa_u-01146-00800385-00800942 understanding how we do it the other so you know step one is don't scare them I0RWzqHRa_u-01147-00800942-00801398 away and number two is help me help make it I0RWzqHRa_u-01148-00801398-00802260 easier for them to get stuff done that they need to get done and the ISP and I0RWzqHRa_u-01149-00802260-00802775 the community together have done an awful lot to come up with ways for I0RWzqHRa_u-01150-00802775-00803417 people to find each other for people to have conversations with each other you I0RWzqHRa_u-01151-00803417-00803792 know whether it's where there is the the side meeting experiment that turned into I0RWzqHRa_u-01152-00803792-00804296 another experiment or whether it was how to RFC that was an experiment that I0RWzqHRa_u-01153-00804296-00804678 sounds like it's about to not be an experiment but just anything that we can I0RWzqHRa_u-01154-00804678-00805158 do to help people find each other and have conversations with each other I'm I0RWzqHRa_u-01155-00805158-00805754 I'm holding my first brainstorming session that I announced at i/o RFC of I0RWzqHRa_u-01156-00805754-00806205 tomorrow and you know it's like I've just been too busy as an area treasure I0RWzqHRa_u-01157-00806205-00806883 but hey I used to be an area director right so you know so I'm really excited I0RWzqHRa_u-01158-00806883-00807156 about that but just well you know watching what other people have been I0RWzqHRa_u-01159-00807156-00807590 able to do with it putting putting groups together to talk and and you know I0RWzqHRa_u-01160-00807590-00808019 explore ideas and kind of triage what they what their I0RWzqHRa_u-01161-00808019-00808316 interests are and say how could we cooperate I think that you know that I0RWzqHRa_u-01162-00808316-00808679 that's really been important too and the you know the two things I'd say I0RWzqHRa_u-01163-00808679-00809105 about that or you know that's a lot of that stuff is pretty new and a lot of it I0RWzqHRa_u-01164-00809105-00809621 was done and you know interaction with the community it wasn't like the IHG I0RWzqHRa_u-01165-00809621-00810023 went off into a cave and came back out with this brilliant plan so I think you I0RWzqHRa_u-01166-00810023-00810404 know you'll deserve a puppy hand on that as well thank you all for the work that I0RWzqHRa_u-01167-00810404-00811295 you do so a couple of points from my point of view is that when we will talk I0RWzqHRa_u-01168-00811295-00811787 about the tone of the meetings there's a fantastic line that pretty much says the I0RWzqHRa_u-01169-00811787-00812321 culture you have is based on the behaviors you condone now that sits on I0RWzqHRa_u-01170-00812321-00812738 everyone's shoulders it sits on our shoulders and it sits on your shoulders I0RWzqHRa_u-01171-00812738-00813299 so think deeply about that in the meetings in the working group meetings I0RWzqHRa_u-01172-00813299-00813824 in the efforts that you undertake within the IETF what my second point is that I0RWzqHRa_u-01173-00813824-00814418 and this kind of harks back to one of one of something my professor told me as I0RWzqHRa_u-01174-00814418-00815033 a as a post grad was that you're no longer the customer you are the product I0RWzqHRa_u-01175-00815033-00815507 and as the product you're the key to the network and it's not just that the I0RWzqHRa_u-01176-00815507-00815936 network of on building routers and things like that it's a network of I0RWzqHRa_u-01177-00815936-00816584 people so each and every one of you are the part of the network so go back to I0RWzqHRa_u-01178-00816584-00816920 your organization and if you want to build the IETF go back to your I0RWzqHRa_u-01179-00816920-00817259 organization and pick that junior engineer pick that junior developer and I0RWzqHRa_u-01180-00817259-00817859 drag them along to the IETF facilitate them coming here facilitate them I0RWzqHRa_u-01181-00817859-00818342 learning facilitate them contributing and bringing them into this culture and I0RWzqHRa_u-01182-00818342-00818887 adjusting that the growth of the IETF I0RWzqHRa_u-01183-00819226-00819848 just a little bit on the question about growth I think it's important to I0RWzqHRa_u-01184-00819848-00820270 remember that in terms of sheer numbers of people we're not trying to maximize I0RWzqHRa_u-01185-00820270-00820892 that value right we even actually have a census RFC 2b which says that maximizing I0RWzqHRa_u-01186-00820892-00821354 attendance at the meetings is not a goal and that's important because it keeps us I0RWzqHRa_u-01187-00821354-00821934 focused on what the goal actually is which is you know facilitating I0RWzqHRa_u-01188-00821934-00822338 interoperability and developing the technologies that are going to make the I0RWzqHRa_u-01189-00822338-00822951 internet work better that often means bringing in new people new ideas but it I0RWzqHRa_u-01190-00822951-00823514 doesn't necessarily mean bringing in more people as as the objective I think I0RWzqHRa_u-01191-00823514-00824048 there are some specific things that that this sort of outgoing is she has been I0RWzqHRa_u-01192-00824048-00824663 doing to try to foster more engagement from particular communities we've had a I0RWzqHRa_u-01193-00824663-00825118 number of us and other people in the community that we've engaged with to I0RWzqHRa_u-01194-00825118-00825695 reach out to some of the operators groups the some of the rars I think I0RWzqHRa_u-01195-00825695-00826425 we've had a particular help from the IRT F side and RW & A & R P bringing in a I0RWzqHRa_u-01196-00826425-00826862 whole new batches of folks from the academic research communities just been I0RWzqHRa_u-01197-00826862-00827517 a great effort and other kind of smaller engagements so some people know that the I0RWzqHRa_u-01198-00827517-00827958 net dev conference was here last week we had some cross-pollination with the I0RWzqHRa_u-01199-00827958-00828398 Linux kernel developers there a number of us were there in attendance and gave I0RWzqHRa_u-01200-00828398-00828876 talks and so on so obviously people up here we're you I0RWzqHRa_u-01201-00828876-00829329 know we're all volunteers too we don't have unlimited budgets for outreach nor I0RWzqHRa_u-01202-00829329-00829723 do we have unlimited time but we've been trying to do some targeted efforts to I0RWzqHRa_u-01203-00829723-00830151 talk to particular communities where we think that the engagement could be I0RWzqHRa_u-01204-00830151-00830585 better that we could derive more value from them and they from us so that's one I0RWzqHRa_u-01205-00830585-00831192 kind of smaller thing that we've been doing as well Sanjay I0RWzqHRa_u-01206-00831192-00832167 yong-ho I just saw my personal suggestion so I can will open her new I0RWzqHRa_u-01207-00832167-00833006 gTLD application soon I'm what I'm wondering is the ITF or RC can be I0RWzqHRa_u-01208-00833006-00833813 applied as a new gTLD for example I have a have probably RC I0RWzqHRa_u-01209-00833813-00834638 I have maybe apply I'll say to Todai CFO as as my tummy name everyone can check I0RWzqHRa_u-01210-00834638-00835649 my tummy name of C member itea for chagum a night FC FC contender also some I0RWzqHRa_u-01211-00835649-00836372 company for example Cisco or for my company cynical or some Microsoft ITF I0RWzqHRa_u-01212-00836372-00837392 they can check out any me I have related a workout by the company so also I think I0RWzqHRa_u-01213-00837392-00837946 there's two benefits for the pending faces they we can easily identify the I0RWzqHRa_u-01214-00837946-00838811 the work also social FC is more easily so second icing is we can increase the I0RWzqHRa_u-01215-00838811-00839665 revenue over ietf because when I first joined idea for a runner to say I0RWzqHRa_u-01216-00839665-00840602 2000-2005 that her so a registration fee is fire around 500 the US dollar now a I0RWzqHRa_u-01217-00840602-00841379 protester already taboo around 1000 a US dollar I think if we have our idea of I0RWzqHRa_u-01218-00841379-00842060 annuity tod selling tommy name so we can maybe we net we never needed increase I0RWzqHRa_u-01219-00842060-00842814 the registry fee against thank you thank you very much for your suggestion i want I0RWzqHRa_u-01220-00842814-00843327 to point out to two things very quickly one is that the internet society which I0RWzqHRa_u-01221-00843327-00843686 of course has been a is our corporate home and a longtime donor to the ITF I0RWzqHRa_u-01222-00843686-00844356 activity also has another body in it PIR the Public Interest registry I think I0RWzqHRa_u-01223-00844356-00844670 it might be a little bit confusing for the ITF to go into the business of one I0RWzqHRa_u-01224-00844670-00845195 of the other subsidiaries of of ice up and furthered the actual string ITF as a I0RWzqHRa_u-01225-00845195-00845996 reserve string there were when Anna took up the task of opening the gTLD process I0RWzqHRa_u-01226-00845996-00846452 there were a number of particular strings which were reserved because they I0RWzqHRa_u-01227-00846452-00846993 were in used by the technical community and ITF is one of those strings so I0RWzqHRa_u-01228-00846993-00848153 it cannot be applied for as a gTLD julia scrubber check so thank you very much I0RWzqHRa_u-01229-00848153-00848716 for you from the for what you are saying earlier I'm actually part of the I0RWzqHRa_u-01230-00848716-00849548 underpaid working-class minority were mentioning academia and so I in fairly I0RWzqHRa_u-01231-00849548-00849935 active over the line I think I've been fairly active over the last year's at I0RWzqHRa_u-01232-00849935-00850565 IETF I have my name on six or seven drafts of which four are in the last I0RWzqHRa_u-01233-00850565-00850997 stages of publication that's been four years of very hard work which I'm very I0RWzqHRa_u-01234-00850997-00851591 glad for and when I realized a few years ago that I was going to get involved and I0RWzqHRa_u-01235-00851591-00852077 that I was going to have to come fairly regularly at ITF I actually had to ask I0RWzqHRa_u-01236-00852077-00852665 for extra funding so that's an additional stepping stone if you want to I0RWzqHRa_u-01237-00852665-00853199 get involved to the ATF by academic criteria the ITF meetings are very I0RWzqHRa_u-01238-00853199-00853622 expensive and so if you are thinking about outreach perhaps you might I0RWzqHRa_u-01239-00853622-00854087 consider something I think many of you are aware that the fee structure of ITF I0RWzqHRa_u-01240-00854087-00854810 meetings is not necessarily adapted to academia thank you so this is not the I0RWzqHRa_u-01241-00854810-00855182 body that sets the fee structure but I think all of those people are probably I0RWzqHRa_u-01242-00855182-00855662 still here in the room and heard that so it's something that has been discussed I0RWzqHRa_u-01243-00855662-00856518 before and we can certainly take the feedback into account we have any other I0RWzqHRa_u-01244-00856518-00856807 questions from the floor I0RWzqHRa_u-01245-00856937-00857860 yes I know today so I would like to wake who the previous speaker I'm from from I0RWzqHRa_u-01246-00857860-00858604 the industry and I spoke to a couple of enterprise customers recently and it's I0RWzqHRa_u-01247-00858604-00859144 not better for them what is difficult for the academia I understand but for I0RWzqHRa_u-01248-00859144-00859600 the enterprise people who are not here by the way I'm not talking about the I0RWzqHRa_u-01249-00859600-00860206 vendors the telcos and your the bodies but who is from finance sector here from I0RWzqHRa_u-01250-00860206-00860764 energy sector here from other verticals very few and they don't come first of I0RWzqHRa_u-01251-00860764-00861250 all they don't know about IDF and if they would know for them to justify I0RWzqHRa_u-01252-00861250-00861729 sending people regularly out of production what they have to do I0RWzqHRa_u-01253-00861729-00862153 extremely difficult so I don't have a good answer I'm sure it's not a new I0RWzqHRa_u-01254-00862153-00862837 problem but does not seem we are converging and the problem is is then it I0RWzqHRa_u-01255-00862837-00863500 was an issue of represented representation who we mean when we say I0RWzqHRa_u-01256-00863500-00864136 the community who are we I don't know I don't think it's actually a correct I0RWzqHRa_u-01257-00864136-00864544 representation of what the real constituencies of those objects I0RWzqHRa_u-01258-00864544-00865062 connected those people organization part of the network many are not here so are I0RWzqHRa_u-01259-00865062-00865707 we missing some feedback loop from from some people thank you thank you I0RWzqHRa_u-01260-00865707-00866182 certainly appreciate your comments I think it isn't I totally agree with you I0RWzqHRa_u-01261-00866182-00866571 they're not not everybody is here and that is actually part in part by design I0RWzqHRa_u-01262-00866571-00867115 right so there's a lot of work that we do that can be done entirely remotely I0RWzqHRa_u-01263-00867115-00867604 and we really encourage that in the IETF and that applies equally to people who I0RWzqHRa_u-01264-00867604-00868012 don't want to show up in person and and also you know fortunately or I0RWzqHRa_u-01265-00868012-00868371 unfortunately people who can't afford to come so I think it's it's really I0RWzqHRa_u-01266-00868371-00868770 important to remember to reinforce that you know most of our working group I0RWzqHRa_u-01267-00868770-00869131 chairs do a good job of reinforcing that decisions get made on the mailing list I0RWzqHRa_u-01268-00869131-00869677 and so on but we all need to remember that that's a way a path of engagement I0RWzqHRa_u-01269-00869677-00870134 and participation in the IETF the heavily used more so than attendance at I0RWzqHRa_u-01270-00870134-00870665 the end person meetings hello I'm Watson I want to thank you all for the work I0RWzqHRa_u-01271-00870665-00871085 hard work you do and I was like to say that remote participation can get I0RWzqHRa_u-01272-00871085-00871634 valuable things done this is the first time I've been to an IEEE ATF meeting I I0RWzqHRa_u-01273-00871634-00871952 came here many people are like oh you exist I0RWzqHRa_u-01274-00871952-00872369 they know me for videos they know me from contributions of drafts I just want I0RWzqHRa_u-01275-00872369-00873026 to thank you for making it possible to do that it's really been a tremendous it I0RWzqHRa_u-01276-00873026-00873686 really is a big achievement thank you thank you that is exactly the reaction I I0RWzqHRa_u-01277-00873686-00874700 had when I saw your badge and and you're not alone I've met several people who I0RWzqHRa_u-01278-00874700-00875111 I've known for quite a while on the mailing lists and I'm glad to see that I0RWzqHRa_u-01279-00875111-00875545 some were able to come to this meeting I hope many of you can come back but even I0RWzqHRa_u-01280-00875545-00876877 if you can't we value your participation on the lists anybody else okay thank you I0RWzqHRa_u-01281-00879087-00879293 you I2D57IZXTDQ-00000-00000000-00000584 Hey. Luna here. Today i'm going to be doing an all my dolls video so let's begin my first doll is I2D57IZXTDQ-00001-00000584-00001312 bianca ariana johnson she is a my american girl number 34 and i got her november 22nd 2013. bianca I2D57IZXTDQ-00002-00001312-00001800 is the mom of the family as most first dolls tend to be she's also quite the perfectionist I2D57IZXTDQ-00003-00001800-00002224 and when she's not working she'll spend most of her time outside away from technology I2D57IZXTDQ-00004-00002312-00003120 my second doll is isabel luna palmer she's an isabelle doll and i got her june 26 2014. isabelle I2D57IZXTDQ-00005-00003120-00003808 is very girly and loves anything and everything pink she's a vegetarian loves ballet makeup I2D57IZXTDQ-00006-00003808-00004408 her three cats milky nutmeg and figaro fashion and of course her girlfriend grace I2D57IZXTDQ-00007-00004512-00005064 my third doll is ivy ashley ling she is julie's best friend who was gifted to be by my childhood I2D57IZXTDQ-00008-00005064-00005864 friend june 26 2014 ivy is very athletic mastering soccer gymnastics swim and volleyball I2D57IZXTDQ-00009-00005864-00006631 is a complete bookworm and can often be stuck in her own world she is dating logan next is samantha I2D57IZXTDQ-00010-00006631-00007256 willow parkington she is the be forever version of samantha and i got her december 25th 2014. I2D57IZXTDQ-00011-00007336-00007944 sam is a complete kid at heart she loves dolls cupcakes believes mermaids are being held hostage I2D57IZXTDQ-00012-00007944-00008608 by the government, unicorns and overall has a very active imagination my fifth doll is grace sophia jade I2D57IZXTDQ-00013-00008608-00009320 thomas she is the girl of the year for 2015 and i got her january 4th 2016 due to a male mishap I2D57IZXTDQ-00014-00009320-00009832 grace is often the voice of reason in the family though she can rival bianca in her perfectionist I2D57IZXTDQ-00015-00009832-00010320 nature she is often the more well-liked of the two she is dating isabel and have three I2D57IZXTDQ-00016-00010320-00011056 cats together doll number six is avery brittany daniela mcclarke she is the girl of the year 2016 I2D57IZXTDQ-00017-00011056-00011672 lea doll who i got december 25th 2016. when you have the longest name of the family you have to I2D57IZXTDQ-00018-00011672-00012328 stand out and that's just what avery does she loves the beach music horror movies her guitar I2D57IZXTDQ-00019-00012328-00012863 parties and just letting life guide her she also loves being on my seventh doll I2D57IZXTDQ-00020-00012863-00013519 is gabrielle eliza flynn mcbride she is the girl of the year number 46 and i got her december 30th I2D57IZXTDQ-00021-00013519-00014104 2017. gabby is the self-proclaimed genius and is one of the more inquisitive members of the family I2D57IZXTDQ-00022-00014160-00014656 she could be rather quiet as she's self-conscious about her stutter but still stands out in the best I2D57IZXTDQ-00023-00014656-00015440 possible way this is logan rocco ford everett he is a logan doll who i also got december 30th 2017. I2D57IZXTDQ-00024-00015519-00016208 logan is probably chaotic good at best he's goofy a bit absent-minded but a genuine sweetheart I2D57IZXTDQ-00025-00016208-00016856 though he gets picked on by avery he is a complete pacifist and i bet ivy wouldn't let him fight I2D57IZXTDQ-00026-00016920-00017664 doll number nine is jadien lucia stella vega she's a luciana who i got june 25th 2019. jaiden is the I2D57IZXTDQ-00027-00017664-00018240 leader of the family she is determined energetic yet pessimistic and extroverted she once bought I2D57IZXTDQ-00028-00018240-00019184 an entire ice cream parlor no i'm not kidding next is kiara blaire wilson though she goes by kb i got I2D57IZXTDQ-00029-00019184-00019992 her june 25th 2019 and kb is best described as a diva kb is the queen of the household I2D57IZXTDQ-00030-00019992-00020640 and can occasionally let her ego get to her head despite this she is extremely compassionate I2D57IZXTDQ-00031-00020704-00021296 doll number 11 is jocelyn evangeline kendrick or joss and i got her december 14th 2020. I2D57IZXTDQ-00032-00021368-00021992 joss is the most similar to me in terms of personality sarcastic clumsy a bit soft I2D57IZXTDQ-00033-00021992-00022680 and a complete introvert who follows the crowd and last but not least is bruno jasper shapiro I2D57IZXTDQ-00034-00022680-00023448 he's a custom grace with inset eyes and i got him july 21 2021 jazz is a very confident kid I2D57IZXTDQ-00035-00023448-00024032 but at the same time is very self-aware of what he does and how it affects those around him he I2D57IZXTDQ-00036-00024032-00025384 is somewhat new to the family so don't expect too much chaos yet but he's a theater kid so I32hWWXSE48-00000-00000050-00000250 - Hey, question. - What? I32hWWXSE48-00001-00000354-00000533 Why is there a safe in my closet? I32hWWXSE48-00002-00000583-00000750 It was there when my nona moved in. I32hWWXSE48-00003-00000759-00001001 - Well, what's the combination? - She never knew. I32hWWXSE48-00004-00001334-00001455 [beeping] I32hWWXSE48-00005-00001772-00001855 Dang it! I32hWWXSE48-00006-00001864-00002256 Ah, hey Dice, I really need you to help me get something. I32hWWXSE48-00007-00002298-00002439 No dynamite! I32hWWXSE48-00008-00002448-00002648 Did I say dynamite? I32hWWXSE48-00009-00002677-00002798 Whatcha need? I32hWWXSE48-00010-00002807-00003378 Uh... these things called... boom-boom sticks. I32hWWXSE48-00011-00003457-00003699 That is secret code for dynamite! I32hWWXSE48-00012-00003795-00003895 Bleh! I32hWWXSE48-00013-00003974-00004145 So where's your mom and your aunt fur ball? I32hWWXSE48-00014-00004154-00004396 Fergeen. They're on their way to Palm Springs. I32hWWXSE48-00015-00004404-00004654 Cool. I told Goomer to come over later with a tub of chicken. I32hWWXSE48-00016-00004663-00004925 Sounds fun. I'll be back around midnight. I32hWWXSE48-00017-00004996-00005159 Whoa, whoa, whoa, hold on. Stop in your tracks. I32hWWXSE48-00018-00005167-00005417 - Ah-ah-ah. - What? I got plans tonight. I32hWWXSE48-00019-00005468-00005593 What plans? I32hWWXSE48-00020-00005684-00005893 I know these frat guys. I32hWWXSE48-00021-00005981-00006193 They're having a poker game, and they invited me. I32hWWXSE48-00022-00006202-00006306 Continue. I32hWWXSE48-00023-00006398-00006685 And I could make a ton of money playing poker with these guys. I32hWWXSE48-00024-00006756-00007123 So, I'll see you ladies on the flippedy side. I32hWWXSE48-00025-00007215-00007428 - Shut the door. - I don't wanna shut the door-- I32hWWXSE48-00026-00007674-00007866 You guys said this weekend was gonna be like I32hWWXSE48-00027-00007874-00008141 me crashing with my two cool teenage buds. I32hWWXSE48-00028-00008149-00008262 It is. I32hWWXSE48-00029-00008270-00008491 Well, you're acting like babysitters. I32hWWXSE48-00030-00008500-00008721 Well, we promised your mom you'd stay here tonight. I32hWWXSE48-00031-00009826-00010014 Oh! Oh! I32hWWXSE48-00032-00010147-00010489 I'm in! 7-4-7-3-9! That's the combination! I32hWWXSE48-00033-00011036-00011136 Whoa. I32hWWXSE48-00034-00011407-00011519 [groaning] I32hWWXSE48-00035-00011665-00012012 - Hurry up, this is pretty cool. - OK, help me down. I32hWWXSE48-00036-00012070-00012287 - Yeah... - Oh! I32hWWXSE48-00037-00012295-00012408 [groaning] I32hWWXSE48-00038-00012587-00012683 What's going on? I32hWWXSE48-00039-00012779-00012979 We found a small room! I32hWWXSE48-00040-00012988-00013096 See ya! I32hWWXSE48-00041-00013551-00013742 - Did he just... - Ah! I32hWWXSE48-00042-00013859-00014018 That little hair pop locked us in! I32hWWXSE48-00043-00014539-00014835 Sam? Cat? I32hWWXSE48-00044-00014948-00015136 - Sam? - Goomer? I32hWWXSE48-00045-00015148-00015369 - Goomer? - Yeah, it's Goomer, remember? I32hWWXSE48-00046-00015377-00015553 We told him to come over and bring a tub of chicken. I32hWWXSE48-00047-00015561-00015761 - Goomer! Goomer! Goomer! - Goomer! I32hWWXSE48-00048-00015769-00015953 - Come on! - Goomer, come on! I32hWWXSE48-00049-00015961-00016153 [humming] I32hWWXSE48-00050-00016312-00016512 I arrived at the safe! I32hWWXSE48-00051-00016520-00016908 Goomer, punch in 7-4-7-3-9. I32hWWXSE48-00052-00016916-00017104 [moaning] I32hWWXSE48-00053-00017542-00017659 Hi. I32hWWXSE48-00054-00017667-00017842 Yeah, toss me a puck. I32hWWXSE48-00055-00017851-00017955 Sure. I32hWWXSE48-00056-00018314-00018439 Ow, my nose! I32hWWXSE48-00057-00018731-00018852 How's your nose? I32hWWXSE48-00058-00019089-00019256 Oh! Ah... I32hWWXSE48-00059-00019269-00019398 [groaning] I32hWWXSE48-00060-00019406-00019640 - Is it that bad? - No, you barely notice it. I32hWWXSE48-00061-00019919-00020178 How'd you guys get trapped in that little room? I32hWWXSE48-00062-00020186-00020299 Dice locked us in there! I32hWWXSE48-00063-00020307-00020566 Well, you guys wanna go with me to pick him up? I32hWWXSE48-00064-00020574-00020820 What... you know where Dice is? I32hWWXSE48-00065-00020829-00021196 Uh, yeah, he texted me the address and asked me to pick him up at midnight. I32hWWXSE48-00066-00021204-00021400 - Well, let's go! - We gotta go! We gotta go! I32hWWXSE48-00067-00021463-00021617 [music playing] I32hWWXSE48-00068-00021713-00021917 [girls screaming] I32hWWXSE48-00069-00022539-00022776 Guys! Guys! You're not allowed on stage! Don't! I32hWWXSE48-00070-00022785-00022939 Pull him off the stage! I32hWWXSE48-00071-00022947-00023119 - Respect me! - Get him! I32hWWXSE48-00072-00023310-00023440 [screaming] I32hWWXSE48-00073-00023636-00023798 [screaming] I32hWWXSE48-00074-00023807-00023982 Get inside. I32hWWXSE48-00075-00024120-00024228 Start talking. I32hWWXSE48-00076-00024291-00024391 - Well, I... - Shut up. I32hWWXSE48-00077-00024495-00024633 Why did you sneak out? I32hWWXSE48-00078-00024858-00025158 Alright. You guys know my crazy Aunt Fergeen? I32hWWXSE48-00079-00025166-00025283 What about her? I32hWWXSE48-00080-00025292-00025542 Well, she dropped my mom's laptop in the toilet. I32hWWXSE48-00081-00025700-00026080 My mom's birthday is coming up, so I wanted to buy her a new one. I32hWWXSE48-00082-00026172-00026284 But I don't have enough money. I32hWWXSE48-00083-00026422-00026664 And sometimes when I need money... I32hWWXSE48-00084-00026906-00027018 I dance. I32hWWXSE48-00085-00027114-00027218 I dance for money. I32hWWXSE48-00086-00027402-00027552 I'm really sorry. I32hWWXSE48-00087-00027585-00027798 I just wanted to get my mom a new computer. I32hWWXSE48-00088-00027865-00028057 Well, we'll lend you the money. I32hWWXSE48-00089-00028065-00028249 So you're not mad at me anymore? I32hWWXSE48-00090-00028257-00028549 - Oh yeah, we are. - We're outragged. I32hWWXSE48-00091-00028691-00028928 So... what are you gonna do to me? I32hWWXSE48-00092-00029150-00029225 Hey! I32hWWXSE48-00093-00029387-00029575 How long do I gotta stay in here? I32hWWXSE48-00094-00029583-00029742 Until we let you out! I32hWWXSE48-00095-00029846-00030050 - They're ready! - Here I come! I32hWWXSE48-00096-00030338-00030626 ♪ Sloppy, sloppy waffles Sloppy waffles ♪ I32hWWXSE48-00097-00030634-00030901 ♪ Sloppy waffles, sloppy waffles ♪ I4k5VbWpLoI-00000-00000600-00000911 Welcome to this new video here at Berghuhn. I4k5VbWpLoI-00001-00000926-00001301 This time we will take you on some wonderful hikes I4k5VbWpLoI-00002-00001301-00001521 in the Apennines in Liguria. I4k5VbWpLoI-00003-00001521-00001848 Enjoy this video! I4k5VbWpLoI-00004-00026846-00027153 The view today is really amazing! I4k5VbWpLoI-00005-00027343-00027600 We were already up there on this mountain in the middle. I4k5VbWpLoI-00006-00027770-00027970 Now we'll continue here, I4k5VbWpLoI-00007-00028227-00028427 along the ridge. I4k5VbWpLoI-00008-00028522-00028811 There it is, the Monte Ramacetto! I4k5VbWpLoI-00009-00029472-00029771 The hiking path is barely signposted, but beautiful. I4k5VbWpLoI-00010-00029806-00030093 It leads us along the stream, I4k5VbWpLoI-00011-00030176-00030376 through this valley, I4k5VbWpLoI-00012-00030414-00030661 totally in the green and shade. I4k5VbWpLoI-00013-00030661-00030879 Perfect in the heat today. I4k5VbWpLoI-00014-00032013-00032315 Without a proper hiking map or Navigation I4k5VbWpLoI-00015-00032315-00032521 you wouldn't find this path. I4k5VbWpLoI-00016-00033021-00033221 The hiking path wasn't easy to find. I4k5VbWpLoI-00017-00033335-00033494 What do you think? I4k5VbWpLoI-00018-00033494-00033596 Right. I4k5VbWpLoI-00019-00033637-00033976 Instead we found a lot of traces from wild porcs. I4k5VbWpLoI-00020-00034035-00034320 Half of the forest seems to be dug up. I4k5VbWpLoI-00021-00034456-00034784 Because of the Corona-crisis this year they aren't hunted enough, I4k5VbWpLoI-00022-00034784-00034984 so their population rose enormously. I4k5VbWpLoI-00023-00035036-00035366 We even saw some pigs near Portofino, next to the houses! I4k5VbWpLoI-00024-00035366-00035566 Crazy. I4k5VbWpLoI-00025-00035566-00035766 Today we saw a lot of traces, but luckily I4k5VbWpLoI-00026-00035766-00035966 we didn't run into them. I4k5VbWpLoI-00027-00036045-00036245 What a view. I4k5VbWpLoI-00028-00036245-00036445 We are close to the summit I4k5VbWpLoI-00029-00036490-00036690 of Monte Ramacetto. I4k5VbWpLoI-00030-00036690-00036890 A little breeze is blowing, I4k5VbWpLoI-00031-00036890-00037090 quite nice with the heat today, I4k5VbWpLoI-00032-00037090-00037290 and a great weather. I4k5VbWpLoI-00033-00037290-00037490 The weather forecast predicted I4k5VbWpLoI-00034-00037490-00037690 some thunderstorms for the afternoon, I4k5VbWpLoI-00035-00037690-00037890 but instead the sky is blue. I4k5VbWpLoI-00036-00037922-00038122 We just hiked on this mountain ridge, I4k5VbWpLoI-00037-00038122-00038383 on the Alta Via, I4k5VbWpLoI-00038-00038400-00038600 really beautiful, I4k5VbWpLoI-00039-00038684-00038915 but with a lot of climbing and descending! I4k5VbWpLoI-00040-00042077-00042366 The path is really a dream. I4k5VbWpLoI-00041-00042420-00042587 If it wasn't so hazy, I4k5VbWpLoI-00042-00042587-00042755 then you could see the sea perfectly. I4k5VbWpLoI-00043-00042826-00043072 It is only 20 km away as the crow flies. I4k5VbWpLoI-00044-00043200-00043499 In the center of the picture, on the coast, is Chiavari. I4k5VbWpLoI-00045-00043614-00043897 This is Monte Zatta, we've been there. I4k5VbWpLoI-00046-00044007-00044207 A source! I4k5VbWpLoI-00047-00044271-00044386 Beautiful! I4k5VbWpLoI-00048-00044386-00044605 Our 4th hike of this holiday ends I4k5VbWpLoI-00049-00044605-00045005 with a view of the Monte Aiona, here in the center of the picture. I4k5VbWpLoI-00050-00045060-00045274 We hiked on the Monte Zatta, I4k5VbWpLoI-00051-00045282-00045514 you can even see it when I get up ... I4k5VbWpLoI-00052-00045749-00046063 ... here it comes into the picture, right behind the tree. I4k5VbWpLoI-00053-00046063-00046263 That was our first tour. I4k5VbWpLoI-00054-00046342-00046542 We haven't been to Monte Aiona yet, I4k5VbWpLoI-00055-00046542-00046742 maybe we can still do it. I4k5VbWpLoI-00056-00046742-00046987 We have just come from Monte Ramacetto, I4k5VbWpLoI-00057-00046987-00047187 it was a great tour. I4k5VbWpLoI-00058-00047187-00047354 Extremely shady, I4k5VbWpLoI-00059-00047437-00047672 in the heat it was fine today. I4k5VbWpLoI-00060-00047672-00047874 The day before yesterday we were at Portofino, I4k5VbWpLoI-00061-00047874-00048124 near the peninsula and it was extremely hot. I4k5VbWpLoI-00062-00048124-00048448 After the tour we were exhausted because of the heat. I4k5VbWpLoI-00063-00048493-00048693 Today it was much more pleasant, I4k5VbWpLoI-00064-00048693-00048893 most of the time you are on an elevation of over 1000 m I4k5VbWpLoI-00065-00048893-00049150 so the air is a little fresher there. I4k5VbWpLoI-00066-00049200-00049400 On our way to Monte Aiona I4k5VbWpLoI-00067-00049400-00049588 we take the first break I4k5VbWpLoI-00068-00049647-00049887 after one hour, but what a view! I4k5VbWpLoI-00069-00049983-00050183 Our last tour on this vacation. I4k5VbWpLoI-00070-00050290-00050506 There in the background you would see the sea I4k5VbWpLoI-00071-00050506-00050690 if it weren't so hazy. I4k5VbWpLoI-00072-00051000-00051258 We walked through this great landscape I4k5VbWpLoI-00073-00051258-00051458 the path leads I4k5VbWpLoI-00074-00051458-00051662 over this broad ridge I4k5VbWpLoI-00075-00051672-00051837 where the dark forest can be seen . I4k5VbWpLoI-00076-00051928-00052150 To the back over the top. I4k5VbWpLoI-00077-00052310-00052445 Beautiful. I4k5VbWpLoI-00078-00052609-00052800 Here in the middle of the picture, I4k5VbWpLoI-00079-00052800-00053290 the highest peak, that is the Monte Ramacetto. I4k5VbWpLoI-00080-00053290-00053490 We were already up there. I4k5VbWpLoI-00081-00053510-00053750 The summit of Monte Aiona, where we hike up today, I4k5VbWpLoI-00082-00053750-00053985 is a little further to the right. I4k5VbWpLoI-00083-00054000-00054200 Let`s continue! I4k5VbWpLoI-00084-00062747-00063047 The tour is just beautiful. I4k5VbWpLoI-00085-00063262-00063462 On the left in the picture you can already see, I4k5VbWpLoI-00086-00063462-00063662 the Monte Aiona, I4k5VbWpLoI-00087-00063662-00064030 even if the actual summit is still a little behind. I4k5VbWpLoI-00088-00064149-00064349 Let's take a look around. I4k5VbWpLoI-00089-00064491-00064691 In the center of the picture is a reservoir I4k5VbWpLoI-00090-00064800-00065328 and the rocky, pointed peak, that is Monte Ramacetto. I4k5VbWpLoI-00091-00065443-00065668 Further to the left, on the horizon, I4k5VbWpLoI-00092-00065738-00065938 the highest peak is around 600 m, I4k5VbWpLoI-00093-00065938-00066138 that is the peninsula of Portofino. I4k5VbWpLoI-00094-00066138-00066338 and behind it is the sea. I4k5VbWpLoI-00095-00066338-00066538 You can only guess it, because it's so hazy. I4k5VbWpLoI-00096-00066591-00067103 We hiked up this wonderful mountain ridge. I4k5VbWpLoI-00097-00067103-00067303 A great mountain. I4k5VbWpLoI-00098-00067400-00067600 The dark one in the middle, this is the Monte Zatta. I4k5VbWpLoI-00099-00067675-00067971 From left to right you can see a lane going through, I4k5VbWpLoI-00100-00067971-00068171 this is a power line. I4k5VbWpLoI-00101-00068238-00068529 It should be the most beautiful beech forest in Liguria. I4k5VbWpLoI-00102-00068529-00068729 We walked through it and it was really great. I4k5VbWpLoI-00103-00068777-00068977 Let's move over ... I4k5VbWpLoI-00104-00069030-00069550 today it is quite hazy and it should also be thunderstorm. So let's continue. I4k5VbWpLoI-00105-00072550-00072929 Excellent! We have reached the summit of Monte Aiona, I4k5VbWpLoI-00106-00072929-00073165 namely at the south summit, because there are two here, I4k5VbWpLoI-00107-00073165-00073365 a northern and a southern one. I4k5VbWpLoI-00108-00073418-00073715 A great view. I4k5VbWpLoI-00109-00073934-00074259 Over there is the Monte Penna, I4k5VbWpLoI-00110-00074259-00074459 which we have already been to. I4k5VbWpLoI-00111-00074500-00074700 Let's take a look around. I4k5VbWpLoI-00112-00074700-00075034 We won't stay too long because the first cumulus clouds are already forming. I4k5VbWpLoI-00113-00075034-00075234 10 minutes ago there weren't any clouds at all. I4k5VbWpLoI-00114-00075234-00075474 Today there should still be thunderstorms. I4k5VbWpLoI-00115-00075500-00075820 Something is already drawing towards the sea. I4k5VbWpLoI-00116-00075952-00076200 It was also clear there beforehand. I4k5VbWpLoI-00117-00076301-00076659 After a break, we continue straight away. I4k5VbWpLoI-00118-00080306-00080495 Little surprise! I4k5VbWpLoI-00119-00080495-00080656 The original route is blocked. I4k5VbWpLoI-00120-00080656-00080834 In return, it was always steep and hot uphill I4k5VbWpLoI-00121-00080834-00081045 in the blazing sun on the southern flank. I4k5VbWpLoI-00122-00081743-00082043 Now the thunderstorms are getting closer. I4k5VbWpLoI-00123-00083356-00083756 You can see a huge thundercloud that is just forming. I4k5VbWpLoI-00124-00083823-00084062 It's been thundering for a while. I4k5VbWpLoI-00125-00084092-00084292 We're almost back to the car. I4k5VbWpLoI-00126-00084371-00084646 Brief conclusion from the tour on the Monte Aiona: I4k5VbWpLoI-00127-00084646-00084806 It was wonderful. I4k5VbWpLoI-00128-00084806-00085184 However, there was an unexpected detour on the way back. I4k5VbWpLoI-00129-00085184-00085540 That meant about 250 to 300 meters of extra climbing I4k5VbWpLoI-00130-00085585-00085785 and the thunderstorm was getting closer. I4k5VbWpLoI-00131-00085785-00085985 At the end we almost jogged to I4k5VbWpLoI-00132-00085985-00086185 make it back here dry. I4k5VbWpLoI-00133-00086203-00086403 It was a great day and I4k5VbWpLoI-00134-00086403-00086603 a great tour! I4k5VbWpLoI-00135-00086603-00086929 We're already looking forward to a swim in the sea. I4k5VbWpLoI-00136-00091026-00091295 We're on the way to Monte Zatta, I4k5VbWpLoI-00137-00091295-00091426 pretty hot ... I4k5VbWpLoI-00138-00091426-00091551 (Laughter) I4k5VbWpLoI-00139-00091551-00091680 What? I4k5VbWpLoI-00140-00091680-00091841 No wrong .... I4k5VbWpLoI-00141-00091841-00092019 Ramacetto! I4k5VbWpLoI-00142-00092019-00092178 (Laughter) I4k5VbWpLoI-00143-00092178-00092378 So again ... It's I4k5VbWpLoI-00144-00092476-00092682 great to have a break. I4k5VbWpLoI-00145-00092682-00092882 It's pretty hot today, I4k5VbWpLoI-00146-00092882-00093082 Judith is enjoying herself, ... I4k5VbWpLoI-00147-00093244-00093456 that's because of the heat! I6hrWvggW1u-00001-00000930-00001338 The second activity today is called imaginary Journey I6hrWvggW1u-00002-00001338-00001884 and the activity helps you to put yourself emotionally I6hrWvggW1u-00003-00001884-00002513 in the position of a refugee I6hrWvggW1u-00004-00002874-00003494 how dId you manage to get into the skin of refugee after this exercise? I6hrWvggW1u-00005-00003534-00004218 and kind of understand your situation that it's pretty pretty horrible I have I6hrWvggW1u-00006-00004218-00004578 heard stories written on the internet how these things are and it's pretty I6hrWvggW1u-00007-00004578-00004973 pretty bad, really I6hrWvggW1u-00008-00004973-00005766 um how did you feel during the exercise? I felt like I wanted to, like, help to I6hrWvggW1u-00009-00005766-00006384 help the people more because when I was doing the exercise I felt I6hrWvggW1u-00010-00006384-00006878 like looking for a really large situation I6hrWvggW1u-00011-00006936-00007229 um how would you spend the money you got I6hrWvggW1u-00012-00007229-00007626 from your best friend, Maria? I6hrWvggW1u-00013-00007626-00008196 I would pay the fine. You will pay the fine, in order not to get into trouble into I6hrWvggW1u-00014-00008196-00008724 trouble in a poor country yeah yeah and what about others can do I6hrWvggW1u-00015-00008724-00009306 um like trying to pay for the fine and like I6hrWvggW1u-00016-00009306-00009660 this so you would also I6hrWvggW1u-00017-00009660-00010681 pay to the organization I6L2xuDm2PY-00000-00002208-00002368 i want I6L2xuDm2PY-00001-00002368-00002528 to have what i dream I6L2xuDm2PY-00002-00002538-00002770 being stronger to be able to change the world I6L2xuDm2PY-00003-00002788-00003038 being who i want to not be the second I6L2xuDm2PY-00004-00003052-00003306 being my self is my very first need I6L2xuDm2PY-00005-00003320-00003611 being my self even if i may be ashamed I6L2xuDm2PY-00006-00003624-00003868 i wanna be now before the day ends up I6L2xuDm2PY-00007-00003868-00004142 i want to make love with screams as porn I6L2xuDm2PY-00008-00004142-00004380 and i also want an orgasm as the sea: deep blue I6L2xuDm2PY-00009-00004392-00004576 i want your hairs on my fingers I6L2xuDm2PY-00010-00004590-00004718 touching the thruth I6L2xuDm2PY-00011-00004738-00004842 knowing life I6L2xuDm2PY-00012-00004860-00004984 making happiness I6L2xuDm2PY-00013-00005004-00005272 quitting banalities kiss me already I6L2xuDm2PY-00014-00005286-00005536 cause if it's not over it will be over I6L2xuDm2PY-00015-00005540-00005812 avoid, my life, or avoid me I6L2xuDm2PY-00016-00005830-00006132 because i want to see you and i feel i'm dying I6L2xuDm2PY-00017-00006142-00006406 because i want to understand and i can't understand I6L2xuDm2PY-00018-00006422-00006654 because i want to feel but i can't feel I6L2xuDm2PY-00019-00006654-00006738 i want I6L2xuDm2PY-00020-00006759-00006912 to have what i dream I6L2xuDm2PY-00021-00006912-00007154 being stronger to be able to change the world I6L2xuDm2PY-00022-00007184-00007414 being who i want to not be the second I6L2xuDm2PY-00023-00007445-00007680 being my self is my very first need I6cL7gQAp0Q-00000-00000000-00000300 Welcome to the OpenPaaS Calendar team sprint 18 demo I6cL7gQAp0Q-00001-00000300-00000500 We will demonstrate a new feature: Private Events I6cL7gQAp0Q-00002-00000500-00000800 We have a user owning 3 calendars I6cL7gQAp0Q-00003-00000800-00001600 The 'brownOne' calendar is 'Public'. Which means every user can access it and see the events it holds I6cL7gQAp0Q-00004-00001600-00002300 The 'forUser1' calendar is shared to another user with Read Permission. I6cL7gQAp0Q-00005-00002300-00002600 In this example, there are 2 events in the brownOne calendar I6cL7gQAp0Q-00006-00002600-00003600 The first one is set as' Private' : its information will be hidden to other users even if the 'brownOne' calendar is Public I6cL7gQAp0Q-00007-00003700-00004900 The second one is not 'Private' : it will be visible to other users since the 'brownOne' calendar is Public I6cL7gQAp0Q-00008-00005100-00005600 We connect as the other user I6cL7gQAp0Q-00009-00006300-00006700 Events of the shared calendar are visible I6cL7gQAp0Q-00010-00006900-00007900 We now search for Public calendars for the first user I6cL7gQAp0Q-00011-00007900-00008100 Found Public calendars have their events automatically added in the UI I6cL7gQAp0Q-00012-00008200-00008400 We can see the events from the 'brownOne' Public calendar I6cL7gQAp0Q-00013-00008400-00008600 The Public event from the Public calendar has all its properties visible I6cL7gQAp0Q-00014-00008600-00008800 The Private event from the Public calendar has all its properties but start and end hidden I6cL7gQAp0Q-00015-00008900-00009000 Thanks for watching I8nVLUORcig-00000-00000473-00001074 In this video, we are going to show you how to make a CPU frequency submission at HWBOT.org I8nVLUORcig-00001-00001131-00001464 First of all, we need to download the CPUID CPU-Z software. I8nVLUORcig-00002-00001578-00001838 We can go straight to the CPUID.com website I8nVLUORcig-00003-00001898-00002038 Go to the upper right here I8nVLUORcig-00004-00002105-00002265 And then download the CPU-Z software application. I8nVLUORcig-00005-00002689-00002942 Once downloaded, we can open CPU-Z. I8nVLUORcig-00006-00003033-00003486 And then go to the lower right corner where we click on the validate button. I8nVLUORcig-00007-00003600-00003833 Here you click on “save validation file” I8nVLUORcig-00008-00004437-00004748 You can save the validation file anywhere on your system I8nVLUORcig-00009-00004908-00005248 After that, we open the CPU-Z validation website I8nVLUORcig-00010-00005502-00005675 We enter our name I8nVLUORcig-00011-00005729-00005849 our email I8nVLUORcig-00012-00005922-00006229 Choose the correct validation file to upload I8nVLUORcig-00013-00006289-00006639 Make sure the publish online checkbox is in fact checked I8nVLUORcig-00014-00006666-00006830 and then, press validate I8nVLUORcig-00015-00007060-00007203 This is our submission result page I8nVLUORcig-00016-00007243-00007614 Now we can go back to HWBOT.org, click on submit score I8nVLUORcig-00017-00007650-00007914 and then select the CPU frequency I8nVLUORcig-00018-00008204-00008531 Now its only a matter of filling out all the details I8nVLUORcig-00019-00008565-00008858 So first of all we want to fill out the CPU frequency I8nVLUORcig-00020-00009119-00009572 and then fill out details such as the reference clock I8nVLUORcig-00021-00009696-00009876 and the CPU multiplier I8nVLUORcig-00022-00010143-00010667 You can easily copy/paste the information from the CPU-Z validation page I8nVLUORcig-00023-00011087-00011408 The last thing to do is to enter our hardware system I8nVLUORcig-00024-00011498-00012412 So, since we are running a 4770k CPU, we type in 4 7 7 0 k and then select core i7 4770k from the drop-down menu. I8nVLUORcig-00025-00012532-00012822 Now we can also add in our CPU frequency I8nVLUORcig-00026-00012836-00012936 the cooling I8nVLUORcig-00027-00012982-00013713 and add in all kinds of hardware details such as the motherboard, the memory, or PSU or the disk. I8nVLUORcig-00028-00014474-00014911 Last thing to do is to include the validation URL, and we are good to go. I8nVLUORcig-00029-00015031-00015365 Click on “Read and Agree” and then submit your result. I8nVLUORcig-00030-00015648-00015902 Et voila, this is our submission page. I8nVLUORcig-00031-00015945-00016076 Good luck I8MkMM2Z1sY-00000-00000559-00000600 yeah I8MkMM2Z1sY-00001-00000600-00000993 even PTQ half bad hair day back had a debate I8MkMM2Z1sY-00002-00000993-00001328 keen work happen you're not beating you have that led I8MkMM2Z1sY-00003-00001328-00001652 reasons for it I'm sometimes you had some time I8MkMM2Z1sY-00004-00001652-00002107 infection to mute the Internet for me and I'm here titty I8MkMM2Z1sY-00005-00002107-00002444 today about why would you I'm having a bad hair day 50-day I8MkMM2Z1sY-00006-00002444-00002797 for me delivered bad hair day my head just kinda feel the big gray I8MkMM2Z1sY-00007-00002797-00003207 doesn't lick its usual self and just know I really happy with how it looks I8MkMM2Z1sY-00008-00003207-00003615 them wanting to do it so can suggest if I've got a lot of time I8MkMM2Z1sY-00009-00003615-00004051 and I need to let me think again shower and eyewash inventor and straightening I8MkMM2Z1sY-00010-00004051-00004392 the kids back kinda we guarantee a good results Beth I8MkMM2Z1sY-00011-00004392-00004855 curly hair have and Monday think that's what they've got enough time but again I8MkMM2Z1sY-00012-00004855-00005071 JK why we do and on what they wear I8MkMM2Z1sY-00013-00005071-00005451 haven't really got time and I'm not going anywhere special I don't want I8MkMM2Z1sY-00014-00005451-00005787 that much FHA outbreak text written right I8MkMM2Z1sY-00015-00005787-00006110 my text sessions DTG and fell right I8MkMM2Z1sY-00016-00006110-00006434 fail in the back my hair is kinda given up in texture I8MkMM2Z1sY-00017-00006434-00006748 sometimes that's enough to kind of bring it back to life I8MkMM2Z1sY-00018-00006748-00007151 and a conflict okay I would probably go out with it like this I8MkMM2Z1sY-00019-00007151-00007562 now that a and Fillmore happen but it looks like it doesn't have to go I8MkMM2Z1sY-00020-00007562-00007931 up and out and kind applique said different tack I8MkMM2Z1sY-00021-00007931-00008246 day some time for all do I will just I8MkMM2Z1sY-00022-00008246-00008659 gravel my hair grab it I8MkMM2Z1sY-00023-00008659-00009116 into ms he kinda band my head twist it round one I8MkMM2Z1sY-00024-00009116-00009543 and then just kinda grab the end with Landon baby I8MkMM2Z1sY-00025-00009543-00009899 still got that kinda bulky in the middle and then just kind I8MkMM2Z1sY-00026-00009899-00010252 make messy it'd be high I8MkMM2Z1sY-00027-00010252-00010724 on the top of my head something like back and just kind of pic I8MkMM2Z1sY-00028-00010724-00011073 it and him have him have it and security I8MkMM2Z1sY-00029-00011073-00011437 and sky leave it at that think that messy I8MkMM2Z1sY-00030-00011437-00011849 and and done though he stay in orbit with 10 I8MkMM2Z1sY-00031-00011849-00012303 and then just stick clinton back in the day and painted and time content how it I8MkMM2Z1sY-00032-00012303-00012354 Nick I8MkMM2Z1sY-00033-00012354-00012665 and a iraqi okay the map pack would I8MkMM2Z1sY-00034-00012665-00013003 my hair back another thing I'm did my hair I8MkMM2Z1sY-00035-00013003-00013462 and Jonah and small then at you can get a large one I8MkMM2Z1sY-00036-00013462-00013913 that different a get from I thought if I think from my local pound shop I8MkMM2Z1sY-00037-00013913-00014250 Getty 11 today and why we do this I8MkMM2Z1sY-00038-00014250-00014716 is again it tell my hair up and it's great he couldn't extracting I8MkMM2Z1sY-00039-00014716-00015018 brain because what happened a it just helped I8MkMM2Z1sY-00040-00015018-00015381 to you give you had a little bit more body and it just looks better I8MkMM2Z1sY-00041-00015381-00015718 and now kind of spread around Dana I8MkMM2Z1sY-00042-00015718-00016113 and up killing round infections okay I8MkMM2Z1sY-00043-00016113-00016471 in today and there's no kinda I8MkMM2Z1sY-00044-00016471-00016929 that method Danish I with most think that can kinda think that the messier I8MkMM2Z1sY-00045-00016929-00016989 the better I8MkMM2Z1sY-00046-00016989-00017471 and I will just kinda Tekken and I8MkMM2Z1sY-00047-00017471-00017837 and maybe kinda happen strength hanging out but no I8MkMM2Z1sY-00048-00017837-00018245 10 and just keep playing I8MkMM2Z1sY-00049-00018245-00018590 happy with Hannah like some kind of okay with how I8MkMM2Z1sY-00050-00018590-00018970 this one it's right now maybe from franking being a little bit more I8MkMM2Z1sY-00051-00018970-00019291 in that something like that I would be I8MkMM2Z1sY-00052-00019291-00019842 pretty happy with it not to you I'm beacon bowl berth to Frankies I8MkMM2Z1sY-00053-00019842-00020217 a bigger and doughnuts then if you're having a bad hair day I8MkMM2Z1sY-00054-00020217-00020717 can effectively you're confident anyway so I wouldn't like to you have we I8MkMM2Z1sY-00055-00020717-00021031 big bold heading that I wouldn't I8MkMM2Z1sY-00056-00021031-00021459 thank you we accept the fact move it the back to you attack I8MkMM2Z1sY-00057-00021459-00021768 thing because it secure with it but it's not to appear I8MkMM2Z1sY-00058-00021768-00022291 not just gonna stick in there nah just kinda make a little bit messy I8MkMM2Z1sY-00059-00022291-00022593 around die said scratched up I8MkMM2Z1sY-00060-00022593-00022995 roughing up a little bit this hot cool down I8MkMM2Z1sY-00061-00022995-00023402 bit hiya in kind of the baby heads I8MkMM2Z1sY-00062-00023402-00023795 love that net when you're wearing a hat up occur I8MkMM2Z1sY-00063-00023795-00024159 stuff fringe bit just kinda the little baby had I8MkMM2Z1sY-00064-00024159-00024623 and then it probably safe secure with bobby pins and a bit of the country I8MkMM2Z1sY-00065-00024623-00024940 that how we do it I8MkMM2Z1sY-00066-00024940-00025262 I wasn't be and that you've got your I8MkMM2Z1sY-00067-00025262-00025581 very a bad hair day and night don't really have a dramatic but it doesn't I8MkMM2Z1sY-00068-00025581-00025793 really affect your confidence in effect a I8MkMM2Z1sY-00069-00025793-00026160 feel Ask Don't Tell unity you can't be a little bit imitable I8MkMM2Z1sY-00070-00026160-00026462 then that day that not something back I8MkMM2Z1sY-00071-00026462-00026774 me three unusual but he totally understands I8MkMM2Z1sY-00072-00026774-00027122 that it can affect your mood and you might not want can be I8MkMM2Z1sY-00073-00027122-00027462 that going you know me could be back-to-back it better to come I8MkMM2Z1sY-00074-00027462-00027793 state you have out the way you're not feeling it because then it kinda up I8MkMM2Z1sY-00075-00027793-00028214 and turn again think about it red Danny can often touching you can I8MkMM2Z1sY-00076-00028214-00028520 the morning just on bring its two different I8MkMM2Z1sY-00077-00028520-00028863 don't mind a little bit more which I don't like day ahead I8MkMM2Z1sY-00078-00028863-00029221 help employees on its kinda quick jackie brown body video I8MkMM2Z1sY-00079-00029221-00029658 how idea with a bad hair day and let us know how you deal with a bad hair day I8MkMM2Z1sY-00080-00029658-00029844 and what you're kinda method our I8MkMM2Z1sY-00081-00029844-00030186 and it to renewed a little bit about had left night I8MkMM2Z1sY-00082-00030186-00030294 and the thing I9R__85SuAE-00000-00000000-00000899 Welcome back to another gameplay video ItMaNbM8rIE-00000-00000568-00000864 I literally ran into a virus. This is embarrassing. Iu6gBSqtciY-00000-00000522-00000722 Originary peoples. Pikunche Iu6gBSqtciY-00001-00001720-00002324 Perhaps, the elders were living through 40 or 50 years Iu6gBSqtciY-00002-00002438-00002600 I think that it was harder Iu6gBSqtciY-00003-00002600-00002800 more sacrificed for both Iu6gBSqtciY-00004-00002800-00003000 the man and the woman. Iu6gBSqtciY-00005-00003000-00003146 I imagine it this way Iu6gBSqtciY-00006-00003162-00003414 a hard-working woman Iu6gBSqtciY-00007-00003414-00003997 who goes out to the agriculture and many of them devoted themselves to do the crafts. Iu6gBSqtciY-00008-00004036-00004542 I believe that in that time it had to be much harder Iu6gBSqtciY-00009-00004542-00004742 because they were not contaminated like us Iu6gBSqtciY-00010-00004742-00005208 or the respect for life Iu6gBSqtciY-00011-00005208-00005408 in any sense Iu6gBSqtciY-00012-00005408-00005608 it had to be very difficult Iu6gBSqtciY-00013-00005608-00006058 I believe that life was the biggest treasure that ever was. Iu6gBSqtciY-00014-00006170-00006320 He is the only man that I have: Iu6gBSqtciY-00015-00006486-00006590 - right son? Iu6gBSqtciY-00016-00006590-00006694 - yes Iu6gBSqtciY-00017-00007530-00007626 - Are you sleepy, son? Iu6gBSqtciY-00018-00007772-00007856 - yes Iu6gBSqtciY-00019-00009504-00010036 The Chilean population appears with a strong miscegenation Iu6gBSqtciY-00020-00010036-00010988 we are not educated to assume our condition of half-caste Iu6gBSqtciY-00021-00010988-00011188 our indigenous forefathers Iu6gBSqtciY-00022-00011340-00011864 and because we are supposed to we have strong European roots I-2cGWss_X4-00000-00000000-00000178 The difference is statistically important. I-2cGWss_X4-00001-00000216-00000340 And we have to check I-2cGWss_X4-00002-00000430-00000630 whether there will be a stable result I-2cGWss_X4-00003-00000714-00000866 if we change I-2cGWss_X4-00004-00001076-00001614 the initial variable to the duplicate variable. I-2cGWss_X4-00005-00001902-00002122 I changed it I-2cGWss_X4-00006-00002224-00002408 and kept the tests untouched. I-2cGWss_X4-00007-00002430-00002548 Now I'm launching. I-2cGWss_X4-00008-00002934-00003134 And here the test results are divided. I-2cGWss_X4-00009-00003190-00003740 As I said, the Wilcoxon test is more accurate. I-2cGWss_X4-00010-00003858-00004280 That is why, it's better to be guided by the Wilcoxon test. I-2cGWss_X4-00011-00005650-00006502 However, due to the nature of the encoding, which does not contradict the rank of the scale. I-2cGWss_X4-00012-00006609-00006864 In the nominal test I-2cGWss_X4-00013-00006948-00007259 the statistics is so big that I-2cGWss_X4-00014-00007323-00007904 some of the required parameters, like "standard error", are not calculated. I-2cGWss_X4-00015-00007962-00008240 So, we can say that here the test didn't work. I-2cGWss_X4-00016-00008330-00008664 However, the less complicated formula I-2cGWss_X4-00017-00008770-00009180 of the unnamed sign test allowed to calculate all the parameters. I-2cGWss_X4-00018-00009226-00009612 We get the conformity that, indeed, I-2cGWss_X4-00019-00009776-00010448 higher values are common for the second compared variable. I-2cGWss_X4-00020-00010530-00010782 I.e., hedonistic values I-2cGWss_X4-00021-00010866-00011346 through the studied group of people, through Europeans, I-2cGWss_X4-00022-00011346-00011718 are tend to go to the right part of the scale. I-2cGWss_X4-00023-00011764-00012016 While success values are tend to go to the left part of the scale I-2cGWss_X4-00024-00012016-00012226 If we are talking about ranks. I-2cGWss_X4-00025-00012268-00012963 Thus, it can be stated that at least one of the tests completed the task. I-2cGWss_X4-00026-00013208-00013513 It could provide with the confirmed results I-2cGWss_X4-00027-00013541-00014282 on both initial variable (hedonistic values) and recoded variable (success values). I-2cGWss_X4-00028-00014402-00014672 Summarizing, I can say that I-2cGWss_X4-00029-00014713-00015176 nonparametric tests better deals with rank scales, I-2cGWss_X4-00030-00015176-00015500 except the one-sample sign test: I-2cGWss_X4-00031-00015628-00016870 this test parametrically and nonparametrically gave the results that are difficult to trust. ID45SdJhWx0-00000-00000002-00000409 I'm Tim Herrera with the Sacramento County Office of Education, here with another ID45SdJhWx0-00001-00000409-00000817 Teacher of the Year profile. Right now, we're joined by ID45SdJhWx0-00002-00000817-00001235 Kendall Murphy, who is the Teacher of the Year for the River Delta Unified School District. ID45SdJhWx0-00003-00001235-00001655 And you are a first grade teacher at Walnut Grove Elementary. I am. ID45SdJhWx0-00004-00001655-00002067 Well, congratulations to you. Thank you. ID45SdJhWx0-00005-00002067-00002481 So, let's talk about first grade. It's kind of one of those building block grades where ID45SdJhWx0-00006-00002481-00002900 students are ID45SdJhWx0-00007-00002900-00003304 -if you have a half day kindergarten, they come in, and all of a sudden they're in full day. ID45SdJhWx0-00008-00003304-00003715 But, tell me about some of the challenges that you deal with with the first grade students when you've got that ID45SdJhWx0-00009-00003715-00004131 plus, just, kind of, knowing that you're really laying the foundation for the next grade. ID45SdJhWx0-00010-00004131-00004535 And the grades to come. I think that first grade is an extremely important grade. ID45SdJhWx0-00011-00004535-00004943 And I feel honored to be able to teach first grade. Because I do know it's such ID45SdJhWx0-00012-00004943-00005360 a building block. I think one of the most difficult ID45SdJhWx0-00013-00005360-00005779 challenges at our school is the-we have a ID45SdJhWx0-00014-00005779-00006182 large second language population. We have a wonderful staff. ID45SdJhWx0-00015-00006182-00006590 We have wonderful parent volunteers. Wonderful parent involvement. ID45SdJhWx0-00016-00006590-00007006 But it's getting those foundational skills ID45SdJhWx0-00017-00007006-00007426 in English. And I am not, myself, bilingual. ID45SdJhWx0-00018-00007426-00007834 So, I am learning Spanish as I go along. From my students. ID45SdJhWx0-00019-00007834-00008245 They're very good about that. It's really important ID45SdJhWx0-00020-00008245-00008664 to make sure that the students and the parents understand ID45SdJhWx0-00021-00008664-00009083 how important the reading is. And those foundational skills. ID45SdJhWx0-00022-00009083-00009494 I believe that reading is the skill that takes you through a lifetime. ID45SdJhWx0-00023-00009494-00009908 And, so, it's extremely important. And we spend a lot of emphasis ID45SdJhWx0-00024-00009908-00010317 on it. So, I was just going to ask, is that really the main subject ID45SdJhWx0-00025-00010317-00010733 that you-I mean, you focus on all the subjects, but you iterate that as much as you can in all your ID45SdJhWx0-00026-00010733-00011151 other subjects? Well, your success in reading is ID45SdJhWx0-00027-00011151-00011559 dependent-your success in other classes and other subjects is really ID45SdJhWx0-00028-00011559-00011970 I feel, dependent on your reading ability. And, if you can be a critical thinker, ID45SdJhWx0-00029-00011970-00012387 if you can be a problem solver, if you can delve into text, and you can make inferences from ID45SdJhWx0-00030-00012387-00012806 that text, then that transfers to science. ID45SdJhWx0-00031-00012806-00013215 And language arts. Social studies. Any other subject. ID45SdJhWx0-00032-00013215-00013628 It is the key. It is the foundation. Mathematics. ID45SdJhWx0-00033-00013628-00014046 There's a lot of reading in mathematics. And it sets you off ID45SdJhWx0-00034-00014046-00014455 for a wonderful time in your life. How big of an adjustment is first grade for ID45SdJhWx0-00035-00014455-00014863 the little ones? You know, I have a wonderful kindergarten teacher. ID45SdJhWx0-00036-00014863-00015272 We are a very small school. We have one classroom per grade level. ID45SdJhWx0-00037-00015272-00015691 And we work really well together. ID45SdJhWx0-00038-00015691-00016112 We collaborate quite a bit. And, so, she knows what I want. I know what ID45SdJhWx0-00039-00016112-00016520 she teachers. I feel very confident with my students coming in. ID45SdJhWx0-00040-00016520-00016936 And having the basics that I need to have for first grade. ID45SdJhWx0-00041-00016936-00017352 And, so, I think it makes it a lot easier on me. ID45SdJhWx0-00042-00017352-00017757 You're also dealing with students who are-even though they may have gone to kindergarten, ID45SdJhWx0-00043-00017757-00018165 which is not required, ID45SdJhWx0-00044-00018165-00018579 but you're still kind of starting over again with the separation from mom and dad. ID45SdJhWx0-00045-00018579-00019001 And, so, you've got all the emotional stuff. Absolutely. ID45SdJhWx0-00046-00019001-00019412 That's got to be a challenge at times. Absolutely. ID45SdJhWx0-00047-00019412-00019825 When students come into first grade, there's a huge, wide range of abilities. ID45SdJhWx0-00048-00019825-00020244 And you have to treat every child as an individual. There might be some people ID45SdJhWx0-00049-00020244-00020649 that are still working on their ID45SdJhWx0-00050-00020649-00021056 phoeneme awareness. There might be readers in your classroom. ID45SdJhWx0-00051-00021056-00021470 So, that's what makes first grade exciting, I believe, is that there is such a wide range. ID45SdJhWx0-00052-00021470-00021889 And, when we work cooperatively, a struggling student ID45SdJhWx0-00053-00021889-00022297 can help a very-I mean a very competent student can help a struggling student. ID45SdJhWx0-00054-00022297-00022709 And, I guess because I'm used to it, ID45SdJhWx0-00055-00022709-00023126 it just-it's just natural for me to have such a wide range of ID45SdJhWx0-00056-00023126-00023538 abilities. You had mentioned that you had a large population-a sizeable ID45SdJhWx0-00057-00023538-00023961 population of students-who are learning English. Umhmm. ID45SdJhWx0-00058-00023961-00024371 What are-lay out some of the challenges that you face with that. ID45SdJhWx0-00059-00024371-00024790 I think, probably, the ID45SdJhWx0-00060-00024790-00025196 hardest challenge is to communicate with the parents. ID45SdJhWx0-00061-00025196-00025606 In terms of-because we have a large Spanish speaking ID45SdJhWx0-00062-00025606-00026012 population. And, so, I come from a school ID45SdJhWx0-00063-00026012-00026429 that I was able to communicate very freely. ID45SdJhWx0-00064-00026429-00026849 So we have a translator. And, often times, when you ID45SdJhWx0-00065-00026849-00027257 go through a translator, you don't get your feeling and the ID45SdJhWx0-00066-00027257-00027675 nuances of what you want across. But, ID45SdJhWx0-00067-00027675-00028094 we have such a wonderful staff. And really supportive parents ID45SdJhWx0-00068-00028094-00028500 that that hurdle, as I've taught at Walnut Grove now ID45SdJhWx0-00069-00028500-00028913 for a couple of years, and they're beginning to trust me. ID45SdJhWx0-00070-00028913-00029331 And they know my standards. And they know what I want. ID45SdJhWx0-00071-00029331-00029750 So, the parents are behind me. ID45SdJhWx0-00072-00029750-00030157 So, if there are language issues in communicating with the families, does that impact ID45SdJhWx0-00073-00030157-00030574 the level of family involvement you have? ID45SdJhWx0-00074-00030574-00030975 No, I-actually-no. Interesting. It doesn't? No. ID45SdJhWx0-00075-00030975-00031383 Our families are there for our kids. Education is extremely important in our community. ID45SdJhWx0-00076-00031383-00031795 And they understand. ID45SdJhWx0-00077-00031795-00032214 And we have parents that don't speak English very well. ID45SdJhWx0-00078-00032214-00032636 But they're still there helping out. They're doing things for the classroom teacher. ID45SdJhWx0-00079-00032636-00033047 They're helping out at lunch time. They're teaching the kids soccer ID45SdJhWx0-00080-00033047-00033454 at recess time. It's a very involved school. ID45SdJhWx0-00081-00033454-00033858 They do what they can do. And they support us 100%. ID45SdJhWx0-00082-00033858-00034267 Hmm. That's good to know. That the parents still want to be involved. It is. ID45SdJhWx0-00083-00034267-00034687 Even though they might have some hesitation themselves because of language barriers Absolutely. And, I think, because ID45SdJhWx0-00084-00034687-00035093 our school is so welcoming. My principal makes it a very welcoming community. ID45SdJhWx0-00085-00035093-00035504 I think we have more parent involvement. ID45SdJhWx0-00086-00035504-00035919 And they feel very, very comfortable doing it. ID45SdJhWx0-00087-00035919-00036340 And it just creates this large learning family. Now, in one of your essays, ID45SdJhWx0-00088-00036340-00036748 you wrote, "The partnership of learning is the biggest reward in teaching." ID45SdJhWx0-00089-00036748-00037165 Expound on that a little more. What do you mean by that? ID45SdJhWx0-00090-00037165-00037574 Well, I believe that, when you are a teacher, ID45SdJhWx0-00091-00037574-00037979 often times-when I first started teaching, 20 years ago, ID45SdJhWx0-00092-00037979-00038389 it was the sage on the stage. And the teacher was the fount of knowledge. ID45SdJhWx0-00093-00038389-00038806 And everyone just kind of soaked it up. ID45SdJhWx0-00094-00038806-00039225 And I loved the shift in education where it has become a ID45SdJhWx0-00095-00039225-00039638 partnership. Where the kids have much more of an investment in their education. ID45SdJhWx0-00096-00039638-00040054 They are talking. They are collaborating. ID45SdJhWx0-00097-00040054-00040473 They are, kind of, the push to ID45SdJhWx0-00098-00040473-00040882 -I give them the information and I see where they can run with it. ID45SdJhWx0-00099-00040882-00041293 And that, to me, is a partnership. And we ID45SdJhWx0-00100-00041293-00041711 just feed off of each other. And we support each other. And I love that ID45SdJhWx0-00101-00041711-00042131 partnership. I love that the kids have much more of a ID45SdJhWx0-00102-00042131-00042543 say in their own education. And we get to talk ID45SdJhWx0-00103-00042543-00042962 a lot more. And discuss a lot more. That's exciting to me. ID45SdJhWx0-00104-00042962-00043372 And I also understand that, in your district, you serve as a mentor teacher. ID45SdJhWx0-00105-00043372-00043785 I have served as a mentor teacher. So, what is that like? And why do you think it's important ID45SdJhWx0-00106-00043785-00044197 for the experienced teachers to do that? ID45SdJhWx0-00107-00044197-00044617 Well, the biggest thing-at least for myself-the biggest thing is that ID45SdJhWx0-00108-00044617-00045024 I started to really start to think about my own teaching. ID45SdJhWx0-00109-00045024-00045432 You know, when I see my student teacher taking over the class. ID45SdJhWx0-00110-00045432-00045849 I ask myself, "Could I have taught that better?" ID45SdJhWx0-00111-00045849-00046267 You know, teaching an adult is much different than teaching a first grader. ID45SdJhWx0-00112-00046267-00046676 But it's a lot of self reflection. Often times, after we had our reflection ID45SdJhWx0-00113-00046676-00047086 with my student teacher, I reflected upon ID45SdJhWx0-00114-00047086-00047506 my own teaching. And I said, "Do I need to change things?" ID45SdJhWx0-00115-00047506-00047926 And she brought in new ideas that she had taught-you know, she had just gotten out of credential program. ID45SdJhWx0-00116-00047926-00048335 And, so, I think it was valuable for me. Not only to have another ID45SdJhWx0-00117-00048335-00048749 student in my class-an older student- ID45SdJhWx0-00118-00048749-00049167 but to gain a lot more appreciation for what I do. ID45SdJhWx0-00119-00049167-00049570 And what I need to do. So you gain knowledge as well? Absolutely. ID45SdJhWx0-00120-00049570-00049989 I learned from her. She learned from me. My students ID45SdJhWx0-00121-00049989-00050407 learned from both of us. And it was a wonderful experience all around. ID45SdJhWx0-00122-00050407-00050826 So, you mentioned that you have been teaching for about 20 years. I have. ID45SdJhWx0-00123-00050826-00051234 What are some of the big changes you've seen from your perspective? ID45SdJhWx0-00124-00051234-00051644 Well, when I first started, it was all whole language. Phonics. ID45SdJhWx0-00125-00051644-00052061 Oh, we don't need phonics. All whole language. ID45SdJhWx0-00126-00052061-00052479 And I struggled with that. I started teaching in a 5th grade classroom. ID45SdJhWx0-00127-00052479-00052891 And I realized that, even though they said that whole language ID45SdJhWx0-00128-00052891-00053308 was the new thing, phonics ID45SdJhWx0-00129-00053308-00053726 was the underpinning of ID45SdJhWx0-00130-00053726-00054132 all of reading. And, so, we went away from ID45SdJhWx0-00131-00054132-00054539 that. And, then, it kind of shift to phonics. ID45SdJhWx0-00132-00054539-00054958 And, now, I believe that the Common Core-I've "drank the Kool-Aid." ID45SdJhWx0-00133-00054958-00055377 I love Common Core. I believe that it allows the students to become even better ID45SdJhWx0-00134-00055377-00055785 than they were. It's not just a fill in the blank. It's not a bubble. ID45SdJhWx0-00135-00055785-00056197 It's, "Well, is that what you think? Well, how did you get to that?" ID45SdJhWx0-00136-00056197-00056616 "Have you thought about it this way?" So, it's more of an investigative ID45SdJhWx0-00137-00056616-00057035 learning. And I just absolutely love it. ID45SdJhWx0-00138-00057035-00057441 And, so, when you're dealing-again, going back to being a mentor teacher- ID45SdJhWx0-00139-00057441-00057855 and you're dealing with the adult coming out of college, ID45SdJhWx0-00140-00057855-00058274 you must say to yourself, "Okay. ID45SdJhWx0-00141-00058274-00058679 I'm to the point now where I've been here a long time and I don't want to get set in my ways." ID45SdJhWx0-00142-00058679-00059088 And this is a chance for you to not get set in your ways Absolutely. ID45SdJhWx0-00143-00059088-00059504 I embrace technology. ID45SdJhWx0-00144-00059504-00059925 I have a smart board. I love my smart board. ID45SdJhWx0-00145-00059925-00060336 The new teachers that are coming out of college right now, they're what I call "smartified." ID45SdJhWx0-00146-00060336-00060750 They are fully, technologically immersed. ID45SdJhWx0-00147-00060750-00061174 And I believe if you don't-if you're not with ID45SdJhWx0-00148-00061174-00061582 the current things that kids are using, tablets ID45SdJhWx0-00149-00061582-00061985 and computers, and things like that, then we don't help them. ID45SdJhWx0-00150-00061985-00062400 We're not a benefit to them as much as we could be. ID45SdJhWx0-00151-00062400-00062819 You know, if they communicate through these devices, then don't we as teachers ID45SdJhWx0-00152-00062819-00063228 need to learn through those devices, too? And have that common ID45SdJhWx0-00153-00063228-00063638 knowledge? That common language with each other so that we can understand what ID45SdJhWx0-00154-00063638-00064054 platform? You know, it's not the movie projector. ID45SdJhWx0-00155-00064054-00064473 DVD. Not even the CD. It's now ID45SdJhWx0-00156-00064473-00064884 -it's the web. And it's the tablet. ID45SdJhWx0-00157-00064884-00065297 And it's instant messaging. And, I think it's really important that teachers ID45SdJhWx0-00158-00065297-00065716 understand that, even though you're an older teacher, or a mature teacher, ID45SdJhWx0-00159-00065716-00066127 you still need to be current and keep up with the times. ID45SdJhWx0-00160-00066127-00066548 Well, thank you very much for being with us. We appreciate your time. We've been speaking with Kendall Murphy, who is ID45SdJhWx0-00161-00066548-00066957 the Teacher of the Year for 2017 for the River Delta Unified School District. ID45SdJhWx0-00162-00066957-00068381 Thanks for joining us. Thank you. Thank you very much. I appreciate it. IDq8SHcNhXI-00000-00000498-00001086 Thank you for cycling! IDq8SHcNhXI-00001-00004546-00004944 There are 5,500 protesters in front of the Slovenian Parliament. They are chanting “thieves!” IDq8SHcNhXI-00002-00005162-00005594 Protest action is self-organized, non-hierarchical, non-partisan, act of solidarity. IDq8SHcNhXI-00003-00005604-00005816 POWER TO PEOPLE NOT PARTIES! IDq8SHcNhXI-00004-00005816-00006054 We are cycling against nationalism and its symbols, IDq8SHcNhXI-00005-00006064-00006290 against authoritarianism and dictatorship of political parties, IDq8SHcNhXI-00006-00006290-00006490 exploitation of workers and repressions against protesters. IDq8SHcNhXI-00007-00006502-00006754 We are cycling for autonomy, reciprocal help and a world without exploitation. IDq8SHcNhXI-00008-00006890-00007120 @FrancBreznikSDS: Next measure from the government to help the economy IDq8SHcNhXI-00009-00007120-00007400 is to send all those with inappropriate education and habits to public works. IDq8SHcNhXI-00010-00007400-00007523 So get fit on bikes! IDq8SHcNhXI-00011-00007530-00007826 We can rename public work as youth work brigades, if it motivates them. IDq8SHcNhXI-00012-00007828-00008076 We want to live, not to survive! IDq8SHcNhXI-00013-00008252-00008714 Solidarity Without Borders! Against Nationalism, Fascism and State. IDq8SHcNhXI-00014-00008842-00009178 THIEVES! IDq8SHcNhXI-00015-00010582-00011140 @aleshojs: Police should punish organizers of the organized rally without permission. IDq8SHcNhXI-00016-00011650-00012128 Jasa Jenull: The main organizer of the uprising is Janez Janša, no one else can cause so many people on the streets. So, in some way: thank you Janez! IDq8SHcNhXI-00017-00012262-00012530 The government is falling apart. IE7B7i2zWy8-00000-00000000-00000293 At this, a at this, a family GUY.... IE7B7i2zWy8-00001-00000293-00000611 And this Skippy THE BUSH KANGAROO... IE7B7i2zWy8-00002-00000611-00000749 A̷̧̢̢̧̡̛̰͓͔̗͖̝̬̖͈̜̬͚͎̬̬̦͉͉͈͉̱̹͚̞͕̰̙̹̖͇̫̺̯̥̮̒͂̈́̐̑̄̀̏̽͌̌̎̅̇̊͂̑͐̊́̅̒̽͘̚͠͠ͅͅͅͅḀ̷̛̬̬̜̤̠̼̮̺̦̩͕̹͖̯̘͛͊Ä̴̧̛͎́͋͐͛̉̒̇͒̀̑̀͑͂̿́́́̉̂͐̆̀̃͐̈́̄̕͠͝Ą̷̲͇̈́͋A̶̡͓̩̺͔͇͓͈͕͓͎̤͕̖̘͕̣̟̮̣̗͈̲̖̻͕͙̳̭̳̘̞̪̦̞͉̝͈̭̬̱̤͖͈̦̐̍̊͋͊͆̑́̍̈́͊͑͆͋͌̃̃̄͂̆́͜͜͜͝ͅĄ̶̛͔͎͉̖̺̤̖͙̮̙͍̰̳̅͌͒̀͂͆̍̂̂̈́̏͆̓͑̐̓̇̓̒̒̾̽́̀̿̀̏̆̏͘̚̚͠͝͠Ä̷̢̨̧̢̨̬̭̞̜͇̞̟͙̩̪̩̗͕̰̮̠͕͉͈̜̭̮̱̘͎́͂̏̌̈́̔̃̒͂̔͒̔̀͊͑͋͒̀̔̓̿̅̉̈̚͠Ą̸̛̭̫͖͖̈́̐̿̓́̓̈́̋͒̋̎̐̍͋̓̀̊̿̏̈́͋̀́͒̄̑̔̒̔̚͜Ą̸̡̛̛̛̛̛̝͖̟̹̩̙͖̱̦͔̖͚̠͇̣̠͐̔̈͊̊͑̒̋͗̏̀̃̂͊͋̈́̿̅̋͋̔͛̏̾͂͒̊̓̔̓̃͒͛͌͊͊̅̿̕̚̕͝͝͝͝Ą̵̢̛̛̖̘̳̦͎͎̥̙͓̤̻̱̮̮̱̂̓̽͋͑̓͌̆͊̆̈̾́̉̾̀̅̆͑̄̎͗̍͝͝͝͠A̷̛̞̠̠͖̙̦͓̰͎͕̹͍͕͕͈͎͚̺͓͎̣̺̯̟̙̣͇͚͐̌̇̅̒͊͒̌͑̒̇̇́́͐͐̾̇̌̃̄̕͜ͅĄ̵̢̨̛̳̘͙͇̻̯͕̫̖̠̱̦̙̹̫͕̝̱̀̿̾̓̂̊͋̈́̑̏͌̅́̈́̒̽̑͊͒̀͆̍̆́͋̌̏̃̍̒̈́͋̓̔͘͘̕͠͠A̴̡̨̢̫̺͙̰͖̹͉̹̭̹̼̼̞̤̖̼̬̬͆̋̉̿́̌̆͐̈͜Ā̴̡͈̙̻͓̣͍͉̦͈̞̭̺̲̰̻͈͙̖̲͇̹̙̱̪̲͎̀͗́̎̃͋͊ͅA̸̢̡̨͎͇̖̹̋̍̔̕͜ͅẢ̶̡̭̤̰̻̪͙͎̞͖͕̩̯̤̱̟̺̹̩̪̭͙̻̥̙͈̞̩̬͎̱̘̲̟͉̒̅̈́̇̀̎̓̽̿̐́͊̇̀̂̆͂̏̏͘͜͜Ä̵̧̧̧͈̪̭̣̭̙̥̦̦̰̳̹̖͙̣͕̘̹̈́̽͌̄͋̂͌͗̇̊̔̌͊̀͆̇̊̃̎͂̄̇̒̑̓͋̆͂̈̌͗̎̊̈́̀̄̈́͑̆̾̈́́̑̕̚͘͝͝ͅẠ̸̡̖͈̭̹͔̝̝̟͇̙͚͉͉͇̝̻̹̎̉̎̍̽͆͆̚͜͜ͅĄ̵̨̢̖͕̥̲͕͉͕̤͇̺̟̖̟͔̳͍̮̮̺̬̞̰͚̩̠̻̞̮̠͉̳̤̝̲̝̻̙̭͖̗̏̈́́̽̔͊̓͐͜͜ͅA̴̢̫̮̮͍̹͚͇̮̼̜͖̞͖͓̺͔͉̮̥̻̖͖̝͖͉͉̭͔̣̰͎̔̊̎́͋͜͝Ą̶̢̧̢̢̠̭̼͚͓̠̯͔̙̗̟͕̹̦̪͖̣̫̼͙̙͉̩̲̕͜͝͠ͅͅA̸̡̧̼̱̩̦̣̫̹̋͑͂̒́̈́̆̓̈́̎̀͑͆͊̈̓̒͒̊͑̐͑̚͘͝Á̶̢̢̡̨̨̡̛̯̬̞̩͇̲̟̪̥̥̞̭̣̫̲̭̞̘̺̣̤͙̗̻͂̒̐͒̈́͊̈́̅̒͐̅͛̃̋͂͋̀̓̐̈́̆̀̓̅̑̊͌̀́̓̒̈͆̚͘̚͠ͅA̴̜̠̖̥͉̞̤̟͎̠̥̦̲̞̰͙̎͆̊̊ͅͅÀ̴̡̧̨̨̤̣̥̲̭͍͉̦̱͍̩̣̬̜̺̱͕̤̪͓̖̤̼͔̦͈͕̠͔̠̟̣̗͎͖͍͎̥̺̲͂̋̔͊̃ͅÀ̵̢̨͔̤͍̩̟̮̲̖̠̠̟͎͉̘͙̜͕̮̼̳̖͇͓̣̣̪͎̻͚̾̈̀̃͐̐̀̏̃̓́̊̏̂̽́̇̕͘̚͝ͅĂ̸̛̛̛̼̬͔̳̟͋̔̀̄̐̇̆͂̈͛̅̀́̀͊̿̓̒̿͒̾́͒̏̿̽͋̆͂͘̕Ą̵̡͓͛̉̈̈́̔̍̈́́̈́̾̋̈͌̋̀͋͐̆̅̐̏͗̕̚Ą̶̧̡̨̛͓̯̙̙͙͇͓͓͉͕̩̦͖͎̜̙̬͔̳͈̩̩̗̋̈́́͋̅̾͂̃̑͗̃̿͆̓̄̈͑̂̽̊̈̈́̊͌̀͐̀̃̇́̋̅̐̈́̒̀͒̃͊̌̒̓̾̚͘͘͝ͅÄ̴̛̫̯́̃̏̄̆́̀͐̔̿̇̔̏̈́͋̉̇̈́͊̐̀̃͗́́̆̅̈́̊̃̏́͗͌̀̑͆͆́̃̕̕͝͝͠A̴̢̢̯͓͈̙͖͎͉̘̣͉̬̳̖̲̰̤͎̣̳̘͌͑̅̃͆͗̅̈́̌̾̅̀̚̚͘͘͝ͅḀ̵̡̛̞̰̘̺̝̪͍̥̝̺͍̮̩͍̳̣̥͍̬͍͙͍̾̃́͗͒̔̍̄̃̈́̂́̌̆͛̑͐̑͛͋͐̃͌̑͊̌͑́͘͝ͅĄ̴̙̬̬̼̟̟̥̯̼̻͙̰̝͉͓͙͇͚̫̤͎̻̫̱̍͑̉̃͂̈͂̐̇́̾́̀̂̒̃͗͗̄͋̎͛̔̽̍̒̕͜͝͝ͅA̸̢̢̧̛̰̜̹̭͇̜̣͔̺͙͈͍̜̪̞͚͉̦̫͔̳̖̪̞̟͔͇̯̝̥̱̤̅̅̑̈̈̒͛͌̎̋̿̃͊̉̍̈͑̓͐͘̕ͅĂ̸̯͚͚̝̠͚̳̬̳̮̗̗̺̦̣̘̘̲̖̜͔̖̞̤͊͗̔̎͐͗̒̍͑̃̊̈́͋͋̆͑͒̏̀̾̂̓̈́̽͗͌̀͊̔͘͠A̴̢̢̟̤̟̤̙̬̱͇̖̗͗̂̄̀͂̌͜A̸̢̧̛̘̹̭̜̼̺̯̗̥̪̿̈́̀͒̾̈́̀̏̅̄̊̂͗̐̈́̓̓̓̊͆͛̇͂͆͊́̈́͋͆͘̕̕̚͝A̷̧̧̡̢̡̡̢̛͎͚̠͖͕̲͉̻̲̝͈̹̻̯̤̖̰̞̫̜̺̟͍̳̝͚̤̠̲̱̟̮͙̫̪͊́̄̑̿̒͒́̓̌͗̈́͆͛́̎̒͆̿̒́̇͊́̂̍͛͑̽̾̆̌͌̉͗̍̚͜͠͠͝͝͝͠͠A̴̛̟̹̺̠̬͇̐̊̎͒̀͌̐͋̊̋͊̾̂͂͌̀͌̀́͛̈́̓̆̀̾̆̈͒̇̈̉̔̄̚͘͝Ã̴̧͎͇̱̠̜̟̺̩̪̤̰̙̗͍̰̟̦̺͎̠͔̣̥͖̝͎̖̄̽̈́̄̏̈̍̉̀̇̌́̀͌̓͊̅̓̊̚̚͜͜͠͠ͅǍ̵̧̡̢̢̛̟͇͓̪̫̯͈͇̝̹͖̖̠̪̣̰͇̤͈̗̹͖̣̩̺̖̫̦̗͖̮̯̲͍̩̝̦̊̈́̎̽́͆̅̿̈́̄̽̉̈́̃̄̈͆̀̈́͂̓̋̔̑̈́̿̕͠͠ͅÃ̵̢̪̝̙͇͆͌̍͆̀͐̃͌̑͑͗̅̈́̐̀͌́̕ͅĄ̴̛̫̫̰̼͈̗̘̬͖̎̀̈̿̀̊̔̋̈́̃̈̓̎͊̏̓͌̎͐͌́̎̇̈́̈͝͝Ȃ̸̫̩͈̥̗̹͓̝̬̯̼̟̘̦͇̭̦̤̰̭̺͗͂́̊͘̕͜A̵̛̛̛̹̜̼̳̲̝͋̍͋͛̾̎̀̀̑̈́̋̍̾̀̊͂́̆̋̎̏͐̆̃̅̋͒̾͊͑̔́̓̈́̄̓̿͌̂͘̚̕̚̕͜͠͝͝A̴̢̡̢̯̭̙̦̗̭͎͕̣͚̼̲̙͇͕̩͔̻̹̝̲̫̬̰̣̰͔͉͚̒̒̇͆͐̎͂̓̏̓̿̄̂̊̈́̀̾̇͆̃̃̀́̐̇͋͑͋͂͊͗̏̈́̿̿̓̈́́̒̒̒̉̅̂̕͘͝A̶̻̣͔̘͚̩͐̍̌̌̋̑̈́̉̆͒͊̈́̅̆͑͂͊̍̅̋̂̊̿̓̒͐̿̽̋͛͘͘̕͝A̵̢̨̛͓̠̞͎̻̮͇̹̼͒̎͋̈́̓̓̑̎̋̋̓͑̇̈̈́̽͊͆̍̕̚͠͠͠͠͝ͅA̵̡̛̛̖̜̲͚̹̩͙̘̍̃̓̾̍̌̿̈͂͌̀̓̇͛̀̒́͘̚̚͝A̴̧̗̦͈͔͖̖̺̔̽̾̑̓͒̈̐͋͋̓̓̈́̋͊̀͝͝͠Ą̷̧̛̛̗̘̹̗͔̳̪̦͍̟̣̗̳̖̱͉̤̔̓̂̆͊͒̈́̑̽͑̐̀̍̈́̊̔̇̈͒̀̽̑̒̆̊̿̉͘͘̚͜͝͝A̷̢̨̢̢͍͙͖͓̼̼̝̺̘̯̤̟̖̯̩̼͕̹̭̬̲͍̯͇͓̲̮͕̤͈̘̯̐̓͗̋̐͋́͊̈̉͌͒̽̄̍̄̚͜Ă̵̧̛͈̆̔̇̈͆̂͂̆͐͑̓͋̓̂̀̋̚͘͝͝A̴͓̤̯̼̙̯̠͈͈͈͎̥̰͍̙̯͗̃̿̀̽͆͋̿͗͋͑͗̇̅̓͛͒̿̂̚̚͝A̸̪̭͑̑̎͊̆̌̓̅̿́͘͠͠A̸̢̨̛̛̛̰̩͇̹͎̳̮̼͙͇͕̥̲̫̖̤͖̠̜̔̀̅̒̌̇̂̈͛̄̃́͌͆́͒̑͐͛͛̽́̓̌̀̏̋̍̑́̓̎̓̃̾͂͛̕̕̕͘̚̕̕̚͜͜͠ͅA̸̡̨̨̛̞͚̙̙̭̖̘̝̲̮͉̺̠̠̹̝̹̥̳̫͈͎̖͊̒͛͂̀́̒̌̑̌̌̋͋̅̎̓͌̕̕̚͝ͅA̸̧̨̛̹͕̲̖̲͓̮͉̅͊̈͆̅͒̏͌̈́̑̀̈́̌̐͊̾̒̅͑̓͌̍̈̎̌̔̐̂͊̍̅̌͌́̽̽̂͂̿̕͠͝͝Ą̶͙̣̞̜̞̘̘̙̫̭̣̝̪̬̙̖̮̱̥̣̳̊̉͋̔̂̏̂̽͊͊̀̓̏̕͝͝ͅA̴̧̨̧̨̼̬̖̬̮̫̲̤̼͇̳̮̹̰͓̙̬̜͔̤̺͚̺̰͓̭̞͔̙̬̜̥̣̖͋͒͛͜͜A̸̛̩̦̬̞̜͈̼̜̲̹͙͚̓̒͂̇͑̽̈̂̈́͗̐̈́̒̏͆̿̄̂͘͝ͅĄ̶̧̛̛̹̠̣͓̺̘̭̖͚̒̋̌͐͐̾͊̇̀͌͛͂́̏͋͋̀̍̉̐͐̕͘͝Ä̶̧̧̧̛̹͙͚̠̞͕̤̳͚͍͚̤̲̰͖̫͇͎̻̳̻̩͚̮͖̭̱͔͎̰͈̳͈̜̪̫̲̗͓̺̻̥̞͑͌̀͜ͅA̵̢̨̛̛̭̟̞̩͕͙̰̮̰̺̹̮͇̪̺̰͓̘̓̑̐̈́̍̏͛̔̉̄͒̑͗͌́̓͂̿̄̃͌̂̋̌͋̾̊̈̈́̆̃͐̾̌̐̈́̕͘͘͜͝͝Ą̴̧̡̨̢̳̲̼̺͍͙̜̙̖̻͍̦̯̻̦̼̼̲̜̲̖͍̭͓͖͈̲̞̩̜̪̬̯͌́͒̃͑͒͗̀̓̔̌̀̇̾͑̀̀̀͂͑̈́̚͜͜͝͝Ả̵̛̛̲͖̞̍̃͑̂̏͌́̔̀̋̌̔͒͐͊̀̑̽͐͗́̄̂̐͐̎̈́̊̈́̿͂̉͌͊̉̓̆̈́͘̕̕͘͠͝͝͝A̸̪̞͙̹̬̫͓̭̞̻̜̳͍͍̱͉̙̲̺͛̀̈́̄̀̎͆͑̒͊̌͘͠͠Ą̷̜͙̘̲̭͚̭͈̤͍̥̩̞̍̉͊̌͗̈́̾̽̆̊͗̓͘ͅͅA̷̢̡̧̦̪̙͍̣͚̜͓͖̩̙̭̥̻̲̜̠̱̝̹̻̳̱͇̮̦̩̓͑̂̎̏̄͑͋̑͗́̈́̚̕ͅͅͅȀ̵̢̨̜̟̻̙̪̈́͛̀̅̉̄͒͗͌͌ͅĄ̴̢̢̡̢̨̨͉͇̳̜̹͉͉̲̥͚̜͚̬͚̜̯̟̥̬̹̱͚͍̫̥̤̰̝͉͓͙̳̇̌͂̀̅̍́̅͑̅̈́̇̅̑́̊̇̉͂́̎̿̊́̍̇͛̈́̀̾̏͌̿͂̉̿͋̍̉͛͘͜͠͠Ą̷̢̡̢̢̧̨̨̖̞͖͉̹̙̣̱̠̥͕̞̬̭̭̦̲̣͙̥͕̞̬̼̼̦̻̪̹̦͖̪́Ą̴̨̡̥̠͙͙͔͖̼̠͉͎̠̞̜̜̜̭̭̲̜͕̺̜̞̙͎̞̫̟͎̥̳̭̝̗̙̞͚̠̋͊͒͗́̆͋̑͛̅̈́̃̽̎̇̕͜͝͠A̴̢̧̨̨͔̻̳̜͎̬͕̩̺̗͉̹̺̘̞̙͚̻̳̣̬̥̱̫͖̲͎̝̳͉̱̐̔̉̂͂̊͋̔̀̐͛̈̈̅͊̕̕͜͜ͅͅͅĄ̷̢̡̩̼̘͈͔̥̙͇̣̗̙͖̳̞͉̩̯̟̝͚̈̀͊͑͑͐̀̒̃̐̈́̋̈́̀͆̓̈̌̊̚̚͘͠͝Ā̸̧̡̧̨̧̢̨̛̟̳̭̺̗̲̲̣̞̥̠͚̣̟̰͇̪̬̣͉̼͔͈̻̠̖̮̣͚͈̟̙͈͖̥͍̯̬̺̝͋͑̈̓͐̓͗̋̀̓͊̂̄̋̊͐̿̓͊̿̔̈̈́͑̀̄̕͜͠͠ͅA̸̢̡̢̨̡̧͚͚̯̭̣͍͙͈̥̰̼͚̲̹̱̦̜͎̝͙̲͕̱̟̤͇͚̳̼͈̰̱͉̬̬̟͖̬̭͐̐́̀̅̽̊͆̃͊̑͗́̅̄̉̇̽́̀̕͝͝͝Ǎ̶̡̧͖̙͚̮̣̮̟̰̝̟̞͙̟ͅÁ̷̛̠̺̝̲̥̱̤̾͐͑̋͆̀̈́̀͛͊͠À̸̡̢̧̛̘̲̼̠͖̻̬͇̳͈̟͎̥̦̤͈̤͈̟̞̳͇̖̻̟̜̝̞̲̣̩̠̫̲̟̗͇͍̜̎̽͐̿̈́̀̔͋͌̾͊́͐̄̀͂̒̓͐͗͘͝͝ͅĂ̵̡̛̛͙̤̩̘̩̪̣͉͙͈̱̲̰̺̠̞̺̯̙̗̜̼̤͉̍̐̽̐̈̓͌͆̊̊̒͛̀͋̐͘͘̕̕͝ͅͅA̵̛̛̛͓̲̻͊͛̅̏̒̒̆͌́̅̽̆̍̋̈́͆̆͒̏̀̑͐͛̓̑̾̆͒͑͗̽̍͆̑͋̚͘̚̕͝͠͝͝͝A̴̢̧̛̤̹̼̲̼͎̻͖̦̳͓͉̙͓͍̙͒̂̐̓̽͂̈́̿̂̈́̄̀Á̸̡̡̡̧̡̛̛̟͔̠̥͙̱̯̘̞͈̗͎̗̮̫̯̼͙̖̬͓͈͈̳͖͋͊̆̈͐̐̒͗̄̂̉̈́̓̅̌̊̃̆́̈̇͘̚͝͠ͅȂ̷̢̧͕̟͔͍̻͉̭̱̻̹̠̟̯̩͈̰̻̟̼͓͔̞̞̺͓̞͎̹̳̫̥̳̥̈́́͝ͅͅA̴̧̢̢̨̫͉̤̻̜͍̖̣̘̟͈̤̩̮̞̜̮̩̤̖̮̞̮͚̼̦̜̺̘̤͖̯̹̦͚̘͊͗̀̉̊̽̋̑̍̓͒̈́̒͂̅̆̈́̋͋͒̐̒́͌͘̚̕͜ͅA̴̢̛̛̻͍͖̠̲̭͓̟̤͙̼͇̺̙͉͎̥̦̖̦̭̬͕͕̙̙̙̬̞̝̳̭̥̱͖̹̬̟̮͈̭͌͆̊͌̈́̌̒̈̎̎̔̔̈́̾̓̆͂̐͂̎̀̑̀̈́̂̃̓̍̽̃̈͐̎̃́̊͋͐͐̚̚̕̕̚͜͝͠͠ͅA̴̢̧̧̡̛͚̤̺̼̝̟̩̰͍͍͈̦̞̗̦̙̲̳̻͕̜͈͚͓͇͇̪̝͍̖̳͇̯̫͚͔̯̳͍̔͆ͅĄ̴̨̧̨̧̢̛̭̠̜͉͍͎̲̹̩̖̪̼̬̩̻͙̞̠̰̳͕͇̤̘̯̫͚͕̙̺̘̙̘̗͓̐̄͆̌̀̇̃̊͑͛̍̋̀̏̾̎̓̔̓͗̓̃̇̂̀̾̿͛̈̕͜͝͝͝Ą̷̨̢̡̧̨̦̺̦̮̭͇̜͓̬̖̻̰̱̰̩̯͕̹̺͔͕͙͚̹̱̱̪̹̆̀̾̋͆̂͋̀̃̇͘̚A̷̛̛̭͚̗̙͋̀̎̈́̊̆̂̿̎̅̚͘͘͘͝Ą̶̛̹͙͚͔̼̲̝̪̗͔̭́̾̽̒̂͑͆́͛̓̌̈́̏̄̾̅̈́̑́͛̎̈́̓͘ͅĄ̵̨̢̨̨̨̧̨̤̻͕̯̠̩͖͖̤̮̰̯̺͚͚̪̩̱̯͕͕̤͈͎̥̘̮̦̗̝̗͉͔̻̯͓̙̦̼͑̐͊̿͊́̏͑͗̉̎̽̂͐̆͛̓̓̎̎͛̀̄̋̐́̏̌̀̑̄͛̈́̈́̋̉̍̇̆̒͜͠͠͝Ą̴̨̫̰͍̲͍̜͎̟̜̫͕͉̰͈̗̱̲̖͕̜͕̳̰̖̻͎̦̙͖̘̥̗͔̝̪̘̙̬͑̎͑͗̍́͐͊̅͒̌͜͜Ả̷̧͇̫̲̩̰̗̭͔̲̫̻̜̞̠͔̘̘͙̟̹̘̝̣̼̰̖̬͍͔̣͉̬͉̬̥̗̩̈́̇́̔̽̐̇͋͊̾̽̈̿̕͝͠͝Ạ̶̡̨̡̧̡̛̦̘̮͖͔͙͙̫̞̮̖̲͈͉̜͖̲̦̳͓̠͈̺̻̖̰̠̰͇͈̤̹̠̼̣̗̏̅̈́̈́̉̌͐͋͊́̋͋̎̎̊̅̈́̆̆̃͆̍̈́̀̃͒͂͆̈͗́̑̀̽́͐͐̍͌̒͑́̀̈́͗̕̚͝Ă̴̢͎̲͔̹̯͚̣͚̱̣̪̠̥̬͉̠̫̭̲͎̫̱͖͕͇̘͍̖͚̘̪̳̺̻̱̠͓̳̍̈͛̀͘ͅA̷̢̧̢̪͉̳͖̹̩̪̠̖͕̙͚̳̝͓͖̖̖̬͉̤̰͚̬̙̜̱̞̠͌͒͘A̷̧͙͍̘͑͑̀́͛̇̐̄̌̅̊̆͌̒̔̆͋͗̀̓̽̈̀́̔̆͘̕̕͠͠A̶̹͑̆͂͂̃́̇̎͆̒̋͐͌͛̍͋̃̑̅͘͝Ȧ̴̧̡̛̛͔͚̖͖̖͚̖͈̬͖̤͕̘̮͚̪̭͍͙͙̖̲͖̘̟͍̥̲͙͉̈̓̑̐̀̈̿̓͊̄́̉̈́̀̐͐̈́͒̈́̍̍̆̈́̈́̑̿̄̕͜͜͝Ä̶̡̢̧̯̥͎͍̪̥͔͓̲͖̺̮̹̰̳̭̪͖̮̻̱̥̥̫͖̺̙͕͚̟̬̩̩̤̟͍͍̱́͒̑̾̓̕͜Ḁ̶̢̡̢̡̢̡̛̹̠͉͍̬̳̞̲̜̮͕̝̥̼̻̬̥̘͈̯̥̠̬̪͓̗̤̱̬̥̜̇̆̀̈̏̓̽̋̎͆͒̅́̅̋͗̉̂̎̀̂̈́̇̉̀̂́̓̾̇́̅̈́̊̆̽̅̓̈̒̉̎͋̚̕͜͜͝͠͝͝ͅA̷͈͚̰̭͇͙̟͑́̍̊̽̐̏̋̃̍̒̔̎̅̈̓͑̃̊̈́̈͌̉̉̎̎͒̾̓̇̈́̔͒͘̕͠A̵̫̥͉̥̱̠̪͇̫̻̺͉͇͓̞̱͍͚͈͚̮̖͈̺̜͒̽͐̏͌̉̈̄̄̚͝ͅĄ̷̛̱͎̜̻͙̜̺̖̳̼͉͈͖͔̳̂́̈́́̋͆̇̈́̍̈́͒̏̒̿̔̄̐̐͊̏̓͗̓̋̉̕͝͝ͅA̵̧̳̼̯̦̦̮̪̣̘͓͇͙̦̘̟͉͍̎̓͑̏̈͋̿̇͌͜A̴̻͉̖̲͍͚͔͚̫͈͑̎̒͊̉͘͘ͅĄ̴͍̬̱͇̫̣̱̯̤͚̎̍̏̃́̓̂̀͂̑̆̾̓̄͂͂͊̉̑̐͒͛̓̑̓̆̒̋̈́̓̾͘͘̚͘͝͝͠͝͝Ă̶͕̤͚̒̈́̇̈́͐̂̇̈̃͗̒͠͝͠A̸̢̨̢̛̪̗̭̰̤̱͓̬̭̺̝͇͚̬̖͉̗̘̘̝̳̠̺̝̯̪͖͎̘̼̳̰̗̫̲̺̥̬̘͗͑̉́͆̆̀͋͑̑̓͆́͌̓̈́̆̂̽̀́̂͘̕͘̚̕̚̚͝ͅͅĄ̵̧̧̧̨̛͈̥̳̰̞̻̯̟͚̬̱̜̭̼͈̬̖̣̞̟͔͖̯͖̻͚̖̪̼̦̦̿̾̏͛́̀̏̄͐̀̿̆̓͌̅̾͑͐̈́̀̉͐̓̑́̋̀̒͂͋̋͊̎̏̆̎͂̀͊̉̏̚̕̕̕̕͘͝͝Á̶̝͙̖͔͕͕̼͍̫͎̩̮̟̩̭͎̈́́̈́̄̍̿̓͘̚͜͠͝Ą̸̨̡̛̛̹̻͈͙̹̺̠͚̹͍̥̻͎͕̹̫̟̰͉̹͖̯̩̖͍̯̂͂́̃̈́̔̀̌̐̍̃́̈́̈͌́̊͌͆́̀͘̕͜͝͝͝ͅͅA̵̡̡̡̮͖͈͖̳̜̗̠̼͔̮̖̱̣̼͕͇̹͙̪͚̝͉̳͎͎̙̙̺̺̯̦̯͇̲͎̯̦̝̻͓̔̃̑͂̆̊̀͆̐̈̍̿̇̀̐̄̇̿̃́͠͝ͅÁ̶̧̨͇̫̪͍͍̣̝͇̺̫͖̳̮̦̣̣̯͇̺̘̬̙͇̞̗̭̩͆̾͌̂̋̅̏̎͒͗̆͌̌̉̾̏̕͝͝A̵̧̛̛͎̘̮͇̘̮͖̜͐̀͑̒͋̿̄͗͒͐͒͗͊̑̅́̒̇̈̈́͌̇̒̒̓̉̀͆̿́͌̾́͌̕̕̕͘͜͝͠Ä̷̡͉̘̘̱͙̭͉̦̫͒̓Å̴̢̢̢̨̨̢̧̧̻̻̟͔̩̯̹͚̺̝͕̘̜̳̤͓͈̝̥̬͍̫͕̪͉̞͔̥͍̗͚̭͇̮̟̙̍̏̐̾́̅̉̉̀̀͘͜͝͝ͅͅÀ̵̧̨̧̛̬̜̺͕̫̟̮̲̠̼̰͚̪̙͔̙̩͓͇̲̳͎͓͕͉̺̜͔̜̩̮̱̳̗̲̼͈̹̬̦̯̪͓͙̣̬̋̂́͂̈̈́͂̇͌̌̇͝͝͝A̴̢̫̦̩̟̯̩̞̠̤̠͈̙̯͛́̏̎̓̽̏̇͛͋̒̅̀͊̍̈́́̆̆̑͊̎̓́͂̈́̀̀̓́́͂̐̊͒̚͝͝A̵̬͙͙̗̫̩̥͑ͅẲ̴̧̨̡̳͚͕̦̜͚͇̪͕̤̤̝̼͇̼͍̰̖̝̜̖̮͔̩̱̻̺̝̤͕̤̩͈̘͙͑̅̌͗̄́̿͆̔̽̈͑͑̈́̈́̕͜͠ͅA̴̢̨̢̛̛̻̦̝̱̘̻͈̜͕̦͚̱͉̭̱̹̠̙̤̳͖̗͓̜̝̘̟̠̜̩̟̟̖̖̗͂́̃̆͆̒̍͋̇̽̅̏̍̔͆̾̄̂̀͋̀̔̒̈̕͜͝͝ͅA̸̞̗͙̜͊͊̄̇̋͛̈́̃̇͊͒͐̀̌̆̾͆͋͘͜ͅA̵̘̦͓̰̫̝̭͔͇͙̝̯̰̤͈̝̾̈́̊̇̉̒̓̂͋͌͐̿Ä̴̢̢̢̢̢̡̛͖̫̠̬̖͍̣͓̩̱̙̮̗̳̥̯̭̭̦̝̤͈̬̯̙̯̙̺̟͈̼̹͚͎̤́́̐̑̐́̈̇͒̅̈͛̌̄͐̓̾̈́̑̌̕͜͜͜͝͝A̴̛̗͍͓̥̪͚̟̲̗͈̥̼͈̙͍̼̮͉̰͔͊̾̑̈̓̈͋̔͛̾͑̉͂̀͐͋̅͌̏̎͑͛͑͑̑́̈̿̾̒̇͒̽͒͌̈́̈́́̚̕̕͘̚͝Ȁ̶̡̧̖͎̦̺͙̥̲̭̭̇̄̃̎̀̇͘̕͝͠͠Ą̵̛̛͔̝̮̗͕̻̳̟͎̩̠̪̗͇͇̦̩̣̼͑̅̅̒̾̑̊̓̈́̂̈́̒͘͠͠ͅĄ̴̤̳̺̘̙̣̲̥̘̘̯̘͖̠̜̓͜Ä̴̢̢̛̛͉͇̲͍̲̯̪̜͖̭̫́̃̊̒̋́͌̐͋͑̾̋̍͌̽̽̅̈̑̾́̈́̿͌̒͛̒̏͛͗͑̔̇̚͘̕͜͠͝͝Ã̸̧̢̧̛̛̖̘̳̯̻̮̰̖̰͕̼̭̟̣̖̝̬̺̞̳̩̻̹̣̙̻̹̪̟̜́̆̾̄̀̈͌̀͗̊͛͐͂̈͑̋͊̓̈̄̎̑̚͘̚͝͠͝ͅĄ̸͙̫̥͇̰͕̖̭͔̩̟̯̦͉̇͛͋̊̄̂̀̓͛͂̈́̀͗̋̎̊̃̊̒̓̀̈́̑̚̚ͅḀ̷̛̳͚͚͕̪͖̯̻̫̈́͂̃̓̑̌̓̋̑̽̀̅͊̚̕͠͠͝Ạ̶̧̡̢̡̡̛̫͈̞̝̻̯̻͉̼̺̥̠̖͙͓̻͚̠͍̩͍̭͙̱̗̹̣̦̻͉̤͓͇̎̈̎̀̈̓̑̌̀̾̂̀̆̈́̂̀͗̽̓̉̚̕͜͜͝͝ͅĄ̶̛̬̞̗̭͎̝̜̭̟̞͉͚͉̝̼͎̹̺̲̜̬͙̘̰̳͖̟́̔̈́̈́̏͌͒̍̾͐̊̆͘͜͜͝ͅĄ̸̨̨̨̨͎̻̞̙̮̯̝̹̬̻͚͕̬̩̲̣͈̯̠͉̟̰̭̺̿̂͊͗̑̈̿͛̑̆͒̎̎͌̐̃͛̚͘̕͘̕͘̚͝Ȃ̷̧̫̣͍̗̙̣̟͍̖̺̱̱͎̮̣̫̈́̃̓̾̈́̎͗̔̓̄͌͂͑͌̆̿͗̏͒̋̂̽̍̈́̇̒͋̓̀̈́̀̃̀̃͐̑̈́̃̉̕̕̕͝͝͠Ą̷̡̡̧̛̟̞̯͕̖͈̳̖̲̤̟͙̻͈͔̱͖̮͎̣̘͕̫͙͎͉͖͈͓͉̈́̀̌̇́̈́̿̓͌̾̊̃̉̈́̈̇̈́̀̿̏̆͋͘͜ͅA̷̢̡̧̡̡̢̨̧̡̰̹̟͎̜͍̟̦̝̠̝͕̝̮̺̮̙̞̪̩̯̝̫̫̟̻̰͕̘͙̠͔̤͉̦̪̋̀̑̈́͋͗̽̒͒͑̄͘A̵̢̨̢̡̨̞̯̳̥̯̼͖̰͔̥̱͖͔̯͇͉̖̬̭̭̫̱̹̬̖̣̠̩̤̻̓́͜ͅÁ̵̧̨̨̛̻̮̻͖̱̦̥̭̗̼̜̫̞̈͌͛̓̄͑̅̆̂̓͜ͅͅĄ̷̢̢͇͎͈̗̫̪͎͎̥͕̣̟̳̠̹̩̐̑̂̈́͋̅͋̾̏̉̉̀̌̍͒̆͐͐̄͛͛͋̽̾̈́͂̓͗͆̀͑̆͒̍̐̾̅̕̕̕̚͠͝͠ͅĂ̶̧̡̡̨̦̖̩̝̱̲̠̤̠̺̪̦̦͉̟͎̬͚̪̙̮͕̳͔̮͙͎̫̜̟̹̖̟͚̖̘̤͕͓̝̑́͜͜ͅA̴̧̡̨̨̢̗̹̬͇̮̰̙̻͓͙͎̙͙̪͓̦̦̗̫͓̫̼͓̥͉̱̪̫͇̺̥͚̠̟͙̥̫̳͓͒̒̈̏̓̋̔̎̎̿̅̃̉̈́̽̋̈́͆̔̚͜͠ͅͅÂ̶̛͉̝̼̞͎͒̈́̏̓͐͗̍͛̆̏̊͑̈́͂̌͆͊̀͆̅̋͒̃̈́̈́͗̈̄͒͐͐̉̚͘̚̚͝͝A̶̧̧̦͈͈̭̼̤̯̺͖͙̰̲̙̠̥̠͙̖̩͕͕̲͇͕͈̥̠͖͓̘̱̦̠̾͋̐̊̅̇̀͛̓̐͋͒͐̏͂̾̉͐͆́̓̏̔̽͂̈́͂̈̀͛̕̕͝͝͠ͅͅͅĀ̶̢̡̧̛̛̛͔̟̭̯̲̮̺̹̮̪̯͙̣̖͇̗̞̼̼̳̮̝͛͗̊̿̐̒͌́̎̈́͑͛̈́́̀͐̏̊́̅͊̎̍́͗̎̀́͌̉̇͌̀̎̆̒̍͗̕͠͠ͅÄ̵̡̧̛͈̬̞̞̩̲̭͚͕͍̥̺͙̱͚͈̖͎̘͔̰̦͚̇̌̊̐̽̂̾̆̀́̿͑̂͛̆̍̃̓́͑̿̀̒̑̾͗̽̑͐͐̿̀̇͋̐̾͘̚͘͜͠ͅĄ̷̡̡̛͚͈͈̞̫̟͓͇͕̣̺̗͔̺̱̝͔̩̝̩̭̗̝̞̦̘͇̥̲͎̭̱̝͔͌̈́̾̈́̓̓̋̀̉̉̌̔͛́̓͆̐̃̌̌̏͐͌̂̉͐͂̀͌͠͝͠͠͠Ą̸̢̨͙̟̜͙̤̞̯̞̜̰̞̼̝̰̺̭͎̱̯̮̭̼̰͔̞͚̥̞̱̫̫́̂͂͗͛̒̾̅͗̽̓͗̿̂̆̀̋̍͋̚͜ͅA̵̞̙̬̱̬̝͖̺̳̘͙̭̳̩͈͚̗̱͖̖̻͈̬͕̲̬̘͉̮̦͎͙͈̫͖̹̤̦̺̞̘̙͙̚͜͝ͅÄ̵̡̨̟͉͚̼̻͉͕̪̯̫̩̺͉̭͇͈͚̤͇̱͇̪̲͓͕̖̼̜̜͔͓̜͔̙͉̣̺̝̜̤ͅͅA̷̧̩̦̞̋̿̌͒͒̂̉̔͊̐̐̓̐̎̓̚͠A̷̧̡̨̡̡̛̭̳̮̞̹̲̹͎̺̞̗̺̪̤̦̤̦̗̲͎̩̰̭̩̭̲̻̙͙̱͕̦͕̎̿̉̋̏̈́̀̍̐̊͊̂͋́́́̿̓̊̃͐́͛̀̃́̋͗̓̽̽͋̐̚͘̕͜͠͝͝͠͝Ą̷̢̨̨̯̗͓̪̝͇̺͎̻̞̤͔̣̻͕̣̙͇͈͙̮̬̻̤̭͎͙͖̱̠̻́̅͐͊͌̽͊̿̉͊͊͌̕ͅͅA̴̡̧̘̙̮͔̹͊̿̿̈̓̀͑̍͌̾̆̽̇͆̍̊̆͑̀̇͐̿͝͝͠ͅĄ̶̡̪̲̞͈͈̠͔͍̰͍͎͍̥͓̺̥̙̙̟̒͒̈́͛̄̇̓̅͌̇̇̈͌̋̒̅̏̂̑̀̊͑́̇̚̚͝Å̴̢̢̨̛̛͓̠͎̜̬͙̘̱̫̟̗̤͙͎̻͉̲͙̮̥̼̰͕̩̤̹̮̘͈̙͉̜̻̽̅̎͂͑͊̈́̋͆͊̌̄̊̏͒͋̊̊̂͒̈͐́́̐̿̋̂̽̾͊̅͒̐̚͘͜͜͜͝͝͠ͅͅA̶̧̢̢̗͍̮̰̣̣̞͕̖̗̫̫͈̪̥͇̜̖̼͍͕̳̟̳̘͖̫͈̜̭̟̪̟͉͕̣̥̗͔̲̥͔̦̘͊̾̿́̚ͅͅĄ̶̧̨̢̨͕̗̻͖̝͔̱̱͙͓̘͓͍͔̜̹͍̼̥̣͈͔̣̜͚̮̞̝̝͙̯̹͎̰̜͋͋̃̎̐̈̔͋̋̐̋̽̈́̓͗̀́̎̏̓̓͋̈́̆̓͐̈͆̚̚͘͝A̵̢̢̧̡̬̟̣̩̠̺͖̩̟͍̒͗̈́̓̋̐͗̀̒̈̆Â̴̢̡̨̧̢̛̯̤͚͔̯͈̹͎͚͈͕̱̜̤̬̹͓̥͙͔̞̫̱̤͚̝̱̔̎̇́̄͐̽͋̍̌͋̎̎̏̐̋͛͋̾͒͂̽́͒̃̕̕̕̚͜͝Ą̸̢̢̛̬̲̗̩͎̩͍͉͖̝͎͕͕̭̣̪̬͕̟̱̳̭͙̭͉̯͍̲̤̤͎͎͚̮̹͚̲̻̥̪̜̙̈͗̇̄̑̄̃̄̃̌͑̋͐̑͐̅͌̋̑̕͜͜͜ͅͅĄ̷̨̨̨̢̛̛̛̛̛͖̘͕̗͙̰̮̦̬̩̮̙͍̖̘̫͔̲͉͕͔̟͎̩̦̜̘̘͓͚͕̺̰̟̙͚̏͑̈́͋͛͒̌̂́̔̈͒͆͛̒́̆͋̅̀̾̓̎͒̈́́͌̒͘̚͘͘̕̚͜͜͝͝͠ͅͅĄ̵̢̢̡̨̨̝̫͓͉̞̫̘̯̩̞͎̞͎͖͓̗̪̗͔͈̟̭̥̫̲̭̟̙̯̰̙̠̻̼̱͇̼̳̑̂̐͜ͅͅĄ̷̢̛̛̣̪̻͎̹͈̳̠̗̰̱͕͙͈̤̪̜͎̖̼̞̦̬͍͕̯̳͕͈̬͉͚͋͆̎̎̓͗͊͛͛̂̑̿͗̾̌̆̔̓͐͘͘͠ͅĄ̸̡͕̼̱̫̼̟̖̭̤͖̪̮̤̠̟͓̪̮͖͖̭̝͔̭̭̬͚̲͈͔̱͚̗̺̣̗̙̘̫̰̰̩͇̾͌́̏̏̚ͅͅͅͅẠ̷̛̫̪̖͎̞̘͇̲͙̲̟̩͈̦̈́̔̋́̆͋́̋̌͌́̿̄̒̿́̍͛̃̍̔̅̃͒̀̇͘͘͝͝ͅẠ̸̡̢̧̢̯̱̭̣̱͕͈̺̖͍̤̯̜̰̖̹͍̙̫̥͇̦̹̻̤̖͖͓̠̟̖̣̲̣̒̆̒͑̈́̒̓͗̐̔̍͌͐̾̈̆̆̉̾̔̌̔̀̊͘̚̕̚̕͝͠͝͠͝͝͝͠A̵̢̡̡͓̯̳̞̲͇̱̩̭̞̮̩̹͇̱͔̳̯̝̺͇̗̳͈̭̪̬̼̹̥͇͚͎̠̝̬̖͈̍͛̈́̃̒̽̔͆̌̋̀̂͌̆̃̍̃̌͐̚̚̚͝Ą̷̡̛͖̭̖̮̬̯͎̭̬̙̬̮̞̱̹̩̩̹̺͖͖̖̜͔̞͇̜̦͎̼͎̥̳̻͉͎̳͎̘͖̜̣̿̉̒̑̓̓͗̏̇̋̍̀́̐̈́̆̌̑̐̓̍̓͋͌͗̈́̾̈̑̋͒̌̌̂͗̍̿̃̀͌̐̈́̇͘͘͜͠͠A̸̛͕̠̲̓̈́̍͗̑͗́̉͋̐̿̅̓̓͆̇̽̆̕Ḁ̸̛̬̬̲̣͖̫̖͋͒̒̉̒͐̌͒̄̿̅̀̉̓̑̑̈́́̔̒͑̄͑̆̀̃̒̿̈́̎́̒͌͆̕̕͠͠͝͠͝͠͠A̸̧̧͍͚͍̭̫̩̫͖̠̝̘͎̻̣̜͉͓̥̺̖̹̎͛̒̉̔̏͋̎̆͗̉̓̆͗͌̈̀̄̀̽̾̆̍̈́̔̋͗̇̈̕̕̚͜͝͝͝͝͝A̵͇̝͓͉͚̣͇̾̎̂̃̏͋̒̍̈̓̾̌͛̿̅̆̿͊̓̈́́͑̏͛͊̌͘͘͘͝͝͝͝Ḁ̶̡̢͚̤̠̲̘̳͚͎̝͓̺̯̯̺͕͕̼̮̘͕͒̈̏͌̊́̅̒̒̾͛̈̈́̒̈́͌̍̏͘͠͝ͅA̷̜̮̣̙̭͕̬̬͎̱̫͙̺͍͇͋́̉͊̎̅̈́̔̽̈́̈́̂͂͛̂̑̾̎͊͘͜͜͝͝ͅA̷̛͙̗̻̝̩̦̰̜̦͇͚͕̱̩̖̥͂̓̀́̋̈͊̋̈́̎̊͂̊̾͒̊͆́̂͋̅͋̇̌̾̊̉͐͌̔̾́͘̚͘̚̚͜͝͠͝Ą̷̧̨̡̨̛̛̜͎̱͖͈̦̣̠͖̜̝̼͙̩̣̬̯̣̥̘̘̼̭͙̭̯̥͔̩̝̳͙̫̳̳̹͇̇̉̏̒̿̏͂̓̀̾̈́̿͆͌̈́͐̈́͂͐̋̄̀́̾̀̋̑̂͊̎͛̏̓͛̐̽͘͘͜͝͠͠͝ͅǍ̶̧̨̧̛̻̥̩̝͍̟̞͖̻̻͙̖͈̣̹̭̩̭͍̬̥͕̜͇̱̥̭̭̋̃̆̽̐̉͛͆͐̉̂̉̒̔́͛̓̅͆͒̊̈̓͋̓̆̌̾͑̇̄̏̍͋͗͋͌̋̈͌͘͠͝͝͠͠͝͠ͅA̷̡̡̧̡̡̧̨̢̡̛̛͓͓̫͉̯̗͎͎̼̱͚͍̤͍̬͍̝̣̜͕͇̟̲̘͕̗̖̟̹̺̯͇͍̹͉̠͈̝̖͍̓͑̀͛̅͑͌̾̈̈́̆́͛̿̌́̑̉͂̐̽̀͐̇̔̓̀́̄̏̌͗͆̓͒̐̚͝͠Ạ̵̧̡̨̪͈̩̪͍̺̥̹̰̼͓͈͓͍͇̹͍̰͈̝̭͎̪̠͚̌͒͊͂͆̽̀̏͂̍̿͑͊̄̔̈́̑̌̿̏͘͘͜͝ͅǍ̵̡̧̨̜̳̩̲̭͇̦̤̤͇̖͎̫̭̱̙͎͉̦̗̖̙̟̃̐̌̋̎A̶̢̛̦̯̖͓͕͉͔͎̥̪̞͉̟̟͙̙̾̍̑͋͌̀͆̄͛̈́́͌́͒̎̉̽͗̍̄̂͋̌̚͝Ȁ̶̯̥̦̱̙̂̋͐̽̃̏́̈́͒̆̒̈́͋͆̔̊͒́͐͌̈́̇̚̕͘͜͠Ả̷̬͈̪̣̗͕̫̯̞̗̰͔̇̎̈́͊̈͛̀̀͐̔̐̅̊̈̅͂̒̃̒̐̊̍̋̆͊̂̔̂̃͒̄̄͛͘͘̚̚͠͠͝͝͠Ą̷̨̛͖̯͉̼̘͙̮͈̟̖͓̰̌A̵͕̲̲̪̲̳̪̻̹͕̠̤͜͝Á̶̢̨̡̜̗͖̩̼͔̲̙͇͖͚͇͉̥͉̯̖̞̗͓̲̯̹͈̪͙͚̮̥̜͐̅̆͛̐́̏́̋͆͊́̌̐̐̎̌̈́͒͌͑͛̉̅̃͑͑̓̾͗͒͛́̓̈̓̊̓̈̒̕͜͝͝͝ͅͅͅÅ̵̹͛̑͂̆̋̊̾̓͊͂͒̌̓͝Ä̸̛̛̜͓̯̲͛͒͌̂͂̍̆͒͛̀̌̓̾́̓̈́͑͒̊̿̌͆̔̃̓̔́̃́̋̀̓̀̊̄̈̈́̚̕̕̕͝Ą̷̨̧̛̜̱͔͔͕̻̝̦͓͊͊̃͊̀̿͗̌̈́̎̓̀̃͐͂̇͐̂̑̎̓̇̔͌͘̕͘͠͝͝Ą̶̧̣̩̥̝̘̲̼̯̳̻̩̒̔́̏͗͒̎̉̋̍̃̿́͐̑̕̚̕͜͝ͅĄ̸̨̧̡̡̛̛̠̣̪̥̰͍͈̱̻̠̙̤͈͎͙̜̹̱̫̞͇̥̭̮̳͍̄͆̿̑͗̃̉̋͊̐̇̓̈́̀̌̍͒͋̀̊̈̑̒̊̎̃̈́̇͋̌̄͛͑͋̓̑̆͊̂̐̓̈́̚̚͜͜͝͠͠ͅA̵̛̘̹͈̮̼̻̣̦̐͗̐̄́͑͌̈́̈́̍̊̂̋̄͌̍̏̂͐͒̀̀͐̐̍̍͒͒͆̚̕̕͘͠À̶̡̖̲̭̗̺̭͉͈̾̈́̉̔̍̅̐̋͊̓́̈́̆̅̒̈́̆̋͑̆͋́͐̀͐͆̈͑̈́̚͘̚͝͝A̶̛̼͔̞͚̖̽͗̓̉̑̐̏̿͌̀̈̀̈̋̄̎̔̌͒̿̎̅̄̀́̑́̀̎̄͂͘͘̚̕͝͝͝͠͝A̵̭͕͗̀͝͝Á̶̢̧̨̳͈͚̯͚͈͇̬̻̘͉̱̱̳͈̻̪̜̪̠̲̝̭̼̙̣̝͚̠͔͈̤̱̹̗̬͕͔̪̜͍͛͜ͅA̸̧̢̛̛̮͉̩̳̫̻͓̦̻̻̭̙̮̺̻͗̈̉̋̎̇̿̍͑̀̿̐͆̽͝ͅͅA̶̫̪͚̩̜̫͆̎̈́́̀̾͌͌̑̇̒͑̆͜͝͝Ą̷̩͍̗͍̳͉͈̹̹̳͈͈͇̞̠̭̬̱̞͈̰̘̗̦̞̜̬͍̲͙̭͇̋͗͂̂̕͜A̴̢͖̯̖̦̰͍̥̜͉̬̗̼̺̮͗͊̌̀̌̀̔̋͋̌̃̾͌͒͝Ḁ̴͚̣̠͚̝̹̤͔̼̭̋̓̾̾̎͌͌͆́̌́̔̊̌͛́͌̽̈́̄́̃̈̔̽̋͘̕͝͝A̴̢̧̧͓̖͈͎̺̤͖̼̹͉̫̦̬̭͇̖͑̈́̈́̐͗͆̒͑̈́͐͆̆̀A̵̢̨̧̙͔̯̥̻̠͈̳̩̘͍̗̪̱̬̗͈͓͕̙̜̙̮̲̞̺̾̃͑͌͌̈́́̉̿̋̈́̃͊̄͑̐͛͗̑͋̔́͐͂̂̕͘͝A̴̢̧̡̡̢̛̛̼͖̹͎̫̪̰̳̯̘̻̞̗̝̟̯͍̰̥͍̗̝̝̺̞͔̥̣̙͓̳͙̰͚̻͖̼̠̱̦̋̅̊̀͒́͛̓́͐͐̊͋̔͗͋̀̓̓͗̔̓́͋̏̚͘͘͜͜͜͝A̵̡̧̨̧̮̪͔͉͕̻̝̟͔͔̺̲̤͖̰͙̬̙̘̰͉̦̼͕̹̪̦̹͖̟͚̪̟̟͓̺̪͚̪͒̍̀̄͌͑́̊́̍͊̐͘̕͜͜͝A̶̧̯̣̰̺͚͇̱̟̪̱̩͆̆͑̏̋̿̈́̓̿͗͜͠A̶͕̪͖̪̱̱͍͕̯̝͚͎̘̠͛̽̉͆̎͗͑̌͊̒̀̀̍͒̆͑͑̓͛̌̔͊͊͆̕͜͝A̸̡̧̨̦̰̠̻͕͈͉͙̭̰̫̤͚͇͈̭̪̱͎̝̣͉̖̹̘̰̠̺̖̤̝̠͓̱̠̲̬̍́̈́͘͜ͅͅḀ̸̡̛͕͇͍̯̭̰̣̟͈̪̻͎̼̞̻̼̲̮̻̺̣̹͖͙̣̱͕͈̥̗̺̙͓̈́̈́̽̈͌̿͌̀̔̈́̈́̕͜͝͝͝ͅẠ̸̧̡̢̨̡̢̟͍̜̰͍̗̝͙̫̗͙̩͉͇̤̖̺̱̼̮͖͙͇̲͚͎̭͗͑̔̀̓̀̇̏͑́͆̂͒̾͗̓̄̈́́̀́͜͜͝͝A̷̧̢̛̫̠͇̪͔͚̙͉͈͇͖̯̰̬͙̟̺͈͕̟͉͉̖͙̦̯̳̙̺͇̰̤̘̹̹̯̩̲̖͚̞̳̺̩͚̞̝͓͗́̅̀̈́̾͌̒͑́̅̈̈́̆̄̋̌̑̓̇̃̉͂̿̄̾̆͂̈́͂͋̃̿̇͐̑̚̕͝͝͝͝Ą̸̧̦̼̬̯̭̜̮͉͔̰̼̙͔̫͈̳͖͔̬̘̺͖̻̗̻̗̲̺͉̥̫̞̪̜̣̖͇̄̆̑̄̓̃͒̄͗̃͛̆̏͆̓͌̈́̒̚͜Ą̴̡̡̣͈̳̻̳̠̪̩̭͚̳͈͔̳̙̤̞̦̞̖͕̼̝̝̞̱̣͙͚͕͙̘̩͇̈́̽ͅͅA̵̘͛̽̃̑̒̑͆̽̈́̐̍̃͌̉̂̓͌́̽̾̅̈́̄̄̎̈́̂̓͘͘͝͝͝Â̷̢̢̗̰͇̤̫͇̟̩̘͈̥͖͍̬̘̥̙̮̙̜̟͈͓̥͓͔̥̘̘̐́̋̿͘̕͜͜͝ͅA̷̛͇͚͖̪͎̲͔̗̠̻̺̤̭̞̭͇͖͚̪͙̱͉̘̺͉̔̊̏͋͂̈́̿͒̇̓̊͊̅̀͑̒̽͐̐́̀̓̿̒̈́̓́͋̏͒̈́̉̕͘̕͜͜͜͠͠͠ͅÁ̶̛̛̱̙̯̩͈̼̳̳̜͔̦̀̉͋͂́̽̃̑̿̈́̂̎̈́͊̋̒̌̀͛̈́́͛̇̽̏̿͑́̂̽̓̔̆̌͆̇͛̇̐͘̕͝͝͝͝A̵̢̨̨̛̤̹̟̟̘̜͈̺̲̜̫̫͙̳͇̙͙̳̘͔̻̳̣͚̦̮̘̦̥̭̣̘̯͍̹̓̾̓̎̑̎͗̿͊̔̂̚͠͝ͅͅA̸̯̜̰̩̺͈͙̞̥͍̝̺͔̐̈́̈̈́̐͂͋̂̈̓̆̌̃̈̃̊͛̅̚͜͝A̷̢̨̧̡̢̢̢̠̦͇̦͇̬̠͉͉̙̜̥̘̺͎͈̥̖͔̼̜̻͔̮͎̗̙̥̩̳̍̊̓̔́ͅA̴̡̧̨̹̩̺̠̥̟̗̜̲͇͇̳̩̖̙͐͜͜ͅĄ̴̡̛̯̝̣̺̹̖̫̥͚̲̩̥͔̟͉̺̅̈͌̐̏̒͒̓͐͑͗̄̽͌̐̔̾̿̾̎̔̃̔̿͌̌̔͒̉͋͒̓̎̾̉̔̓͒́̇͘͘͝͠͝A̵͕͉̙̝̖̠̯̪̺͆̈̓̾̒̏̍̃̋̿̒̔̃̏̀͐̈̅̆̓̅͂̍̆̈́̊́͋̈̂̒̋̒̈́͂̆̌́̿̊̚͜͠͝A̸̡̤̯̠͉͕͈̾̅̋̌̑̇̄̄̀͊͛̿͋̀͗̎̕͠Ȃ̶̛̛̛͚͔͉̮̺͊̌̀͌̀̍͆̓͗̊͗͌̃̽̋̑̈́̾̎̽͑̇̈́̋̈́̋̐̿͐̍̔͆͌̈́̐̈́͐̄̈́͑̚̚̕͜͠͠͝ͅͅȦ̷̯͇͈̲̿̄̏̈́̓͂̿̆́̋͗̈͌͑̔̂̑͌̔̓͆̒̽̀̆͂̈́̒̕̚̕͝͝A̸̖̬̘̟͚͈̩̫͔͍͉͙̰͕̖̪̫̦͓̟̬͚͕̩̮̬̩̘͛̈͋̓̂͌̍̉̄̆̈́͗͊̐̈́́̀̀͆̓̽̌̎͗̑̇̉͛́̔̃̄̋͘͜͝͝͝͠͝A̴̧̧̧͚̻̞̯̥̱̮̟̘̮̳͉͙̥̩̞͇̪̗̞̱͙̫͇̘̪͔̻͇͙̲͛̈́͜͜͝A̵̡̟͈̙̩̠̣̣͚̼̖͈̭̥̻̠̝̘͈̬̖͈̬̹̯̪̺̻͚̤̺̱̹͌̈́̃̽͂̊̀̌̇̒͗̽̓̉̍̊́̑̅̅̀̀͆̅̊͗̀͂̆̃͐̃̄̾̉͑̍͘͜͠͠͠͝͝͠ͅA̶̢̧̧̭̼̱̥͈̪̪̘͓͐A̶̧̢̡̢̛̛̠̱̭̤͕͎̦̻̟̙̬͔̹̮̲̩͚̞͖̪̙̘̰̩̳̪͙͎̫͎̯͇̻͚̎̔̾͋̈͗̆͑͒̓͆̾̈́͊̈́͛̔͂̓̉̎̉̉̓͂̅̀͌̊̈́͐̽͂̆̍͋́̚͠͝ͅͅͅĄ̸̛̛̫̗̎̌͂͛̇̋̌̔́͑̀͛̔͊͠͝Ȧ̶͓̩̩̌͌͑̔͂͆̉̄͗̅̃́̏̉̽̅͐̈́̀̃̒̈̀̃̓̐̆̀͌͑̀̋̋̾̕̕͠Ạ̸̡̡̨̡̨̥͓̖͈͎͓̝̭̭͖̘̱̠͙̻̲̩̪̙̦͍̭̺̩̗͈̩̳͖̜̜̜̼͍̬̜͆̈́̋̍̊̍̅̈́̌̆͋̊̑̊̍̐̍̉̌̉̅̿͌̈́̿̀̅͋̒̈̇̓̉̽̅̋̀̽̽̕̕͘͘͘͜͝͝͝͝ͅA̷̛̛̙̠̐̅̐̇͌̀͐̓̇̔̒͗̍̊͊͒̎̃̑͆͐̒̌͒͂̇͒͆̀̂̑͂̀̅̿̾̇̒̉͒͆̄̆̕͘̚A̴̧̢̧̢̛͍̞͔̲̩̙̩̣̲̼̥͈͖̼̖̰̓͂̆͐̽͂̍́͂̅͑͊̅̎̀̈́͑̀̂͗̅́̇͘̕͜͜͝͝A̴̡̧̢̨̢̮̻̥͇̤͖͕̭͚̙̣̤̙̬̝̱̜̹̝̙̞͙̣͖͍̖̮̱̦̮͎̰̫̬͚̱͎̖͉̎̑͂͜ͅĄ̶̺̥̱̲̭͚̪̞͎̰̥̞̟͇̤͎̠̣͈̞̫̘͋̌͛̑̃̓̎͆̔̀̍́̐̄̈́͊͒̇́͂̽͆̽̍̃̄̀̆̎̎̉̓̒̈́̓̚ͅÀ̴̡̢̛̝͇̖͉̖̬͍̪̪̪̗̙̗̰̺̱͖̰̠̹̞̪̖͗̄̀̅̌́́̇̌̓̿͒̔̓̇̇͛͆̃̇̑̈́̏̂̓͋̽̓͛̅͑̈́͊̿̆͋̊́̐͒͋̍̕̚͜͝͝͝͠Ą̶̡̢̛͕͉͎̘̮͔̠̗̞̺̬̻͙̬͆͗̏̈̾̈͐̈́͂̌́̋͐̋̏͑͒̈́̈̈͗͊̉̓͒͗̂͑͒̚͜͜A̷̡̢̧̠̱̤͇̝͙̦̠͖̦͓̭̭͇̫̞̥̗̹͔̪̲̬̲̹̘̯͇͎͚̼̪̲̝̭̣̯̱̺̺̙̔̄̋́͋͌̂̏̅̓̈́̊͛̊̕͜͠͝ͅͅͅA̴̛̭͆̍̑͋̊͗̊͊́̒͌̋̀̂̽͑̈́́͑͂͒̉̇͋̌̓͋̓̄̒́̓̏̈́̆͆̚͘̕̚̚͠A̸̧̧̢̢̛̟͔̯̣͓̤͉̥̖̜̺̬͈̤̥̣̼̹̘͈̩̙͇̘̳̝͖̙̟̮͓͓͈̯̠̩̪͂̋̿͊̇̅̓͆̅̓̈́̏͌͆̏͋̏̾̏̍̍́̒̏̂̎̈͆̂̋͒͛̆͗̑͗͂̈́̚̕̕̚͜͜͝͝͝͝ͅȦ̶̢͙̪̮̼̜͖̜̗̞̟̣̝̗̘͉͕͋̔̏̂Ȃ̸̧̡̨̢̛̳̖̹͖͇̘̦͔̤̦̘͓͚̤͚̠̱̘̖̳̪̱̭̼̥͕̜̹͉̥̰̞͎̮͇͓̟̮̝̙͚̻͚̓́̓͑̎͑̎̇̔͆̀̃̋̈́͛̈́͋̾͠ͅĂ̶̡̡̢̧̬̳̥̻̞̟̜̯̻͎̤̠̯̹͚͈̣̫̻̭͕͖̈́̽̇̀̀̈́͗̆̉͌̓̔̈́͑̉̊́̀̏̓͑̆̉̚͜͜͜͠A̴̫͈͑̀̃̌͊͛̈́̑̍̈͒̋̾̋̋͆̏̆͗̂̀̒̌͆̋͊̾̄͛̏͛̽̇͐̈͋͗̀͆̑̆͛̑̒̽̕A̷̢̨̨̧̛̛͇̙̠̲̭͖͈̭͍̻͈̲̤̟̣̟̩̟̺̬̬͋̈͋̉̓̇̎̓̾́̀̽́̀͗̀̓́̈́̑̍̾̀̈́̀̎̌͑͑̆̓̋͐̀̃͋͊̆́͘̕͘̕͝͝Ȧ̶̧̢̝̟̰̞͉̤͍̭̰̩͚̥̼̼̘̖̰̫͍̹͓̗̝̗̙̼͚̗͉͎̟̪͉͚͔͈͖̙̹͓͛̈̃̕ͅͅÁ̸̢̡̢̡̨̛̳͎͖̰͍̮͕̻̗͎̤̜̥̝̣̺̰̤͕̠͖̝̗̥͍͕̭̳̺̻̣̬͎͇̟̜̳̦̐̍̾̈́̾̊̿͆̆̀̄̇̆̅́̄̈́́̃̇̈́̀̆̕Â̵̧̢̨̛̝͉̺̝̺̹̘͊͊̾͗̌̉͗͊̒͌̆̎͑͠A̶̭̹̫͓̬̖̫̲͍̬͇̦̺̗̿̔̀̊̈́̈́̐̂́̄͊͆̽̒̉́̊̆̈̐̽̀̾͛̃̓̐̿̿̑̈̓̀͘͜͠͝͝A̶̧̛̜͔̟̯͕͕͓̘̺̺̤̣̳̝̼͎͈̖̘͖̮̜͇͔̔̓͌̈́̅̀̓̿͐̇̽͂̽̇̇͌̍́̀̓͗̃́̿̅̒͘̕̚͠͝͠͝Ȧ̶͙̠͈̼̋̊̈̽̾̒̾͊̐̅̀͐̂̋̕̚͘̕̚͘͝Ą̸̧̹̼̮͖̖̲͔̣̬̫̫͖̱͕̿̈̑̂̀̏́̈́̅̿̋̔̃̽̍̈́͒̈̂͑̿̆͋͌͐̑͂̓̇̓̐̈́̓̍́͂̕͝͝Ặ̵̢̨̥̝̜͇̭̳͚̞̮̹̘̺̬̠͈̦͇̟͖̫̰̮̥̫̙̹̘̗̹̘͉̱̺̱̝̒̇̏́̔̒̉̈̌̌́͑̀̿̈̊͊̂̆̚͘Ă̴̢̢̛̛͔͓̝̜̗̪̳̯͓̠͋̊́́̾̓̈́̑̍̈́͂̿̎̽͐͒͂̌͋̽̎̐̿̐́̌̈́̎͂̌̚̚͘̕͜͝͝͝Ą̶̧̱͉̤̯͎̮̳̺͉̦͈͖̫͇͕̳̙̗̝̼̰͎̦͓̫̈̈́͑̔̚̕͝A̵̢̢̛̛̛̛̤̣̺͉͉̰̭͔̻̮̞͎̖̩̥̭̭̭̖̳̺̮̤͖̗̙͙͔̘̗̠͙̗͔̭͋͌͗̉̑͂̍̌̀̅̐͗̃͊̆̌̿̌̈́̾̈́͒̌̊͒̈́̐́͋̽̅͜͝͝͝A̸̡̧̡̱̬̹̰̰̪̲͎̤̻̳̱̞̻̾̀̎́̍̌͐̉̀̊̍́̂̾̃̅̔̓̋̾̋̈́̿́̉̆̅͐̈́͆̾̆̄̒͋͘̕̕̕͝͝Â̵̡̧̨̧̨̢̰̫̥̘̮̖͙̭͚͎͔̙̮̣̼͚̦͍͕̩͍̰̞̦̙̲̜̦̺̫͙͎̟͖̙̺̖̺͖̹̫͉̈́̄̈͑̊̑͜͝A̷̛͚̞͉̟͎͕̣̰̗̣͔͖͍̖̥̻̙͙̹͗̿́͒̑̈́̊͛̔͛̋̎̏̀̀͂͊̌̀̎̊͆̄͑̚̕͜ͅͅA̸̙̗̭͈͇̯̱̤͙̮̞̼̖̫̦̮͔̹͓͚͉̠̠͇͊̃͆ͅĄ̸̨͕̙̗̰͖͇̝̞͇̖̮̩̩͔̖̂͋̊̒́͊͐͛͝͝A̶̧̡̞͓͎̦̯̫͔̮̩̮͇͕̼͋̐͑̿̔̀̏̆̿̎̍͜͜͠ͅẠ̵̡̛͕̞̤̖̱̙͖̈͗͗̓̂̿͛͜͝ͅA̵̡̧̨̢̛̮̱͙̠̹̳̦͖͉̥̮͈̅̍͌̇̈́̍̿̇̊̈̈́̈̓͛͗̑͘̕͠ͅͅA̶̛͍̣̼͙͍͓̘̦̞̦͉̦̝̳̫̥͚͙̩̟͚̠͚̣͎͎͔͔̳̣̻̻̙͉͓̫͙̟̙̩͔͎̖̻̯͔̲̩̳̾̓̄̏̂̑̀͂̿̆̿͜Ả̶̛̯̫͎̣̮͖̪͚̣̲͍̱̩̘̬͇̖̤̠̹̝̳̦̥̜̳̩̥̯̽̆̋̐̿͐̏̿̐̍͌͑̄͑̅̋̈́̄̃̎͌̔̐̋͗́͐̓̓͐̆̿̅̄͋͌̚̚͘̕̕͠͠͠͝͝͝͠ͅÅ̸̹̼̣̦̳͉͉͖̱̖̜̺̭͔͎̺͓̝̩͔͍͔̰̯͆͐̆̐͗̓̓̑͋̔́͆̿̾̍̿̓̎̔͛͒̆̒̀͂̔̎̍͂̃̈́̈́̊̑́̋̔͘͘̚͘͝͝͝͠͝͠͝͠ͅͅÄ̷̡̨̛̛͙͖͖̠̜̪̘̪́̿̋͑͊̓̓́̅̅̄̎̓̈́̆̃̈̎̓̄́̓̄̾̓̀̀͆͒́͗̀̐͝͠͝͝Ą̶̧̧̢̛̛̣̻̺̝̹̦͈̣̥̪͔̬̪͚̫̳̠̜̘͈̪̯̮͓͓̦̮͔͙͎̪̳͙̞̫̟̙̤͖̼̩̹̩̼͉̌̈́͛͆̈́͂̎͂͑̽̅͑̌̏́̃̈́͒͆́̈͘͠͝ͅA̸̧̺̍̍̈́͆̔̐̾̾͆̓̀͐̆̋̑̍͑̚̕A̶̡̢͕̟͈̜̬̜̤̙͚̥̱͍͔͖͙̾̈́͑̑̑̀̈̄͑͂̒̏̓́̐̓̈́̒͊̕̚͝Å̸͙̳̭̗̲͎̭̗̥͓̫̟̻̭̠̮̆̄̆̀̓̅́̕͘͝Ą̸̨̜̳̞͚͙̝̭͈̘̭̺̮̰̘̳͚̹͖̫͙̼̝͉̳̙̇͒͂͑͋̽̋̿ͅÃ̴̧̛̦͉͍͇̜̭̞͉̣̫̺͙͉̰̝̣͇̖̖̗́̏̂̌̓̿͛̀́̎̈́̇̏̉̈́́́̇̀͑̂̀́͋̀̽̀͑̇̍̐̏̓͐̈̍̈́͘̚͠͝ͅͅA̵͎̬̰̾̅̎́̿́̄̈́̄̈́͐͋͒̈́̂̍̅̽̿͆̍̑̓̓̎͗̀̇͘̚̕͝͝͝͝͝͠Ą̶̡̡̢̛̜̬̭̣͖̗̳͔̗͍͈͚͖͖͉̹̱̺̟͎̱̫̱̫̀́̔͛̎́̍̎͛̊͂̕͘̕͜A̶̡̧̡͓̭͕̠͙͚͔̠̺̲͈̋̽̀́̅̾̎̽̎͘͘̚͝A̵̢̛̳̻͕͈̘͍̦̠͚͎̻͊̿̒̄̇͂̂̎̽̉̏́̅͌̀̂̈̇̿̄͊͋̀̐̄͑̀̌̆̊͛̕̕̚͜͝͠Á̸̛̛̛̜̩͊͌̃̏͛̈́̐͗͛̇͐̈́̈́̈́̈́̓̌̃̐̂͛̈́͋̈̍̄͊̀̈́̆̌͘̕͘̚͠͝͠A̶̢̢̧̧̧̨̛̲̦̹̦̭̥̤̮͉̝̬͙̠͓̣̮̰̰̪͉͙̪͉̹͙̜̤͎͚̣̹͔̖̥̝͒̔̄͌̌̾̅̊̿̆̾̈́͊̉̇͆̿̓̏͑̔̏̆̍́̓̑͒̑̈́̕̕͜͝ͅͅĄ̸̧̧̢̜͈̟̺̤̺̻̟̘̪̗̯̼̝̙̬̳̖̱͎͕̩̰̪̩̗̲̖̮̪̪̏̍̂̏͋̆̒̈́͆̅̉̐́͑͂̋̃̀̾̑͑̒͘̚͘͝͝ͅͅͅA̵͈̱͗̈́̒̈́́̈̉͊̀̋̇A̶̧̡̧̤̯̖̳̳̰͇̝̘͚͉͈̙̯͚͕̟̯͉̥̝̝̮͔̬̗̼̪͋͊̇̾̆̌̅̂͒̓͌̋̑̄̓̆̅̉̿́̇̃̾͂̑̆͘̕̚̕̕͜͝A̸̢̨̤̱̰̻̥͇̔̿̂̆̐͆̊̌͊̏̅̋͒͗̈̑̈͋͆͋̃̑͛́̊͒́̉̓̓̓̕͘̚̕̕ͅͅȂ̶̢̧̛̛̹͚̲̬̲̗̬͔̻̙͈̺̭͔͈̼̮̼̲͈͉͖̻͑̓͗̂̑̓͋́̏͌̽͌̾̈́͐̎͘͜͝͝A̶̛̛̯̯̩̠͆͛̒̽̋̒̈́͌̃̐͒̋͑́́͐̂̏͒͋̽͗̕͝͝ͅA̵̛̗̱̽͗̄͐̊̾̄̋̆̒͊̓̔̈́̔̎͆̀͐̈́̈́̊̋̇̅̽͂̽̀̏̕̚͘͝͝A̵̡̛̟̥̱̘̝̙̻̣̼̦͕̔̀́̅̌̓͂̀́̉͑̋͘͘̚͜A̷͍̲̞̠̞̝͙̤̮̯͍̳͎͍̞̮̣̼͕̝̹̬͔̥͍̫̽̅̓̑̽̏̕͜ͅA̷̡̧̛̛̛͇̦̘͔͙͉̗͓̗͍͍̟̺͈̹̥̜̙̻̲͚̱̯̳̗̗̼̪͉͕͇͉͕͕̘̗̽̄͂̅́̌̇̉͛̎͒̈́̆͋̿͂͐̅͌͑͂̓̇͛̎̌̓̾̏̎̏̓̎́͐͘͘͘̕͝͝Ą̶̧̥̘̥̥̮̣͕̙͕̥̺̖͍͖̤̝̩͖͔̪̖͓̒̃̃̉̄̾̓̆̿͒̄̆͆̽̀̚͘̕A̸̛̛̛̛̗͇̭͖͍͎͗̅́̄̿̂́͑̔̓͋̐̐́͐̊̈́̈̒̌̄͊́̈́́̓͑͒̔͊͌̀̌͐̿͌̃̂̓͘̕̕͘͝͝A̸̧̲̰͕͎̯̖̤̘̮̥̩̼͕̻̞̤͍̹͕̱̥͙̟͍͇̟̩̍̾̆͆͌̆̔̌̇͐͛̈́͒̒̄́͗̾̈́̌͌̈̅́͛̕̕͜͜͜͝ͅĄ̸̨̨̛͍̳̳̹̮̠͓͓̪͉̞̭̰̹̞̺͚͎͚̹͈̥̺̯̗̘͙̤̳̙̮̣̗̮̳̅̅̾̎̃͂̇̓̋̅͒́̃̄̀̏̔̔́̃̎͋́͋͐̇̔͊̓̍̋́̌́́̅͐̉̒̽͘͘̚͘͜͝͝͝ͅẠ̷̢̧͔̪̭̗̣̥͓̟̰̪͍͕̗̖̟̮͇̙͈̞̯̓̏͌̓̃̑͛̉̔̍͌̓͘͝ͅÂ̶̡̡̡̧̢̝͔͔̰̗̘̜̳̺̱̲͓̙̱͚̘̗̞̗̗̳͇̣͌̃̑̿́̄͆͋̔͆͗̾̀̌̿͘͜͝ͅA̸̡̡̡̡̢̢͖̜̻͕͉̫͍͇̳̗̥̬̬̫̟̜̗͎̤̹̳̲̯̺̮͓̱̲͓̹̠̞̱̰͓͙̝̯̋̆͌̌͌͗̇̊̆̋͆́̒̿͊̇̌̏͌̈́͑͗̾̾͋̉̃̉̐͆͋͌͒̀̾̑͗͊̕͜͜͠ͅͅͅA̷̢̋̀̽̔͑͌̉̀̌͋͒͐̈́́̓̔̿͌̊͗̐̈́̅̏̽̚̕̕͠͠͝͝A̵̡̡̧̨̛̛̮̗̘̻̹̜̖̪̘̥͇͙̻̰̞̞̝͔̠̩̼̫̼̗̗͎̣̬͈̰̪͉̺̣̗̩̫̙͎͙̣͚͖͂͗͑́̌͌̂̏̿͛̀̾͗̒̓̅̋͗̒̽̾̏̽̅̎͒̂̿̎̀̎̈́̌̀̃̈́͜͝ͅͅA̴̢̬͔̪̫͕͇̞͈͓̩̜̤͕͕̪̺͕̼͚̹̼̰̓̈́̊̇̆̇̋̃͆̾̚̚͜͝͝A̴̧̢̡̢̛̛͓̫̠̘̮̫̩͎͙̯͓͕͙͕̺̺͇͙͔̫̻̭̱̓̾͛̊̓̔͑̈́͆̿̃̑̎̒́̽̓́͑͆̅̀͋̒͆̂̂̂͗̽̈́̈́̍̓̊͘̚͘̕͠͠͝͝ͅA̶̛̝̳̗̾̋͒͂̈́̈̈́̈́̏͊͋͊͑̈̈́͑̽̈̒̉͂̀͛̋͂̿̂́͊̽̚͘̚͜A̵̧̛̛̳̱͉͎̹̙͈̫̮̝̞͍͂̈́͋̆͗̽̑̈͊͆̔͗͗̄͂̈́̈́͋͂̊̒̊̀͗̈́̐̾͂̔̎̈̋̀̄͛͘̕̚͘͝͝͠͝Ą̴̧̟̻̓̊͒͆̐̏̒̽͛̔́́̆͗́͗̕͜A̵͉͙̭̹͙̼̺͈̙͚̫̭̪̿͂̏̈̈̾̓̌̒̆͒̍̉̃̒̊̀̎̏̉̾͋̑̀̔̂̂̈́́͗͆̄̄͐̕̕̚͘̚͜͝͠͠͝͝Ạ̶̹̭̦̬̼̜̘̩̠͓̺̞̙͚̤̼̱͇͉͙̲̻͖͙͑͛́̑̃̉͊͂̿͐͒̌͒̿͑̀̇̋͛́͑̀͛̊̈́̕̚̚̕͝͝Á̶̡̧̛̲͔̙̥̰̝̺͎͓̱̠̰͉̝͔̗͔̟̋͛̓̒̇͊̃̃̒̉͗͒̕̕͠͝ͅA̵̢̨̛̺͙͇̠͓̮͚͈̲͖̪̩̭͕̠͈̰̤̗͌͛͊͂̐̈́̍͊́̐́̎̒͂̃͑̌̕͝͝͠Ã̴̡͈̱̪̬̫͓̯͚̣͚̝̜͔̺̯̘̖͖̞̻͚̗̠̓̈́̔̌̔̐̈́̅͘Ą̵̢̛̟̲͍͖̺̮͓̟̯̭̜̘̤̰͎̔̇͒̆̌̎͜͠ͅĄ̷̨̧̨̼̳͕̮̦̳͔͎̣̺̼͎̞̗̰̖̺͕̖̳͙̩̰̥̤̲͙̤̞̫͓̘͉͙͇̺͙͓̖̙̐̀͂́̇̾̈́͒̿̏̅̿͂̅̉̈̀́̄̄̀̽̈̀̀̈́̈́̒͛́̑͜͜ͅĄ̸̨̯̞̣̙̱̯̲̥̬̤͉̹͓̯̳͈̜̞͆̍̀͗͂̄͛͑͐͑̿̐͑͋̄͒͐̎̈́̎̽̈́̿̂̾̇̃̓͒͘͠͠͝A̷̧̨̢̛̤̱̺͍͍̥̮̺̻̥͉̼͍̥̟̱̟̫̖̤̖̦̞͔̠͔͕̰̠̙̟͇͈̣͍̭̪͓̹̥͆̾̇́͒͊̈́͆̉͗͊͊̏̍͘͜͜͠͝ͅḀ̸̡̢̛̝̮̫͔̠̙̩̹̣̰͍͔̌̓̋̄͒̀̉̔͗̽͒̈̎͊͗̈́͋̄͆̿͐̎͑͆͐͒̀̓͗̈́̍̾̄̚̕̕͠͝ͅĀ̴̢̡̢̛̛̛̛̪͈̱̩̝̼͓̼̳̫̞͉͇̲͔͈̙̞̗̥̰̻̗̲̜̺͔̘̳̩͙̤̤͖̹̎̎́́̍̈́̆̉̇͗͒͐͑̈́̎̈́́̈͊̽̀͋̌̈́̇̋̉̽̎̕͜͠͝͝͝ͅA̴͔͐̈́͑̓A̵̧̧̢̡͇̙̠̮̱̦̻̲̺̯̙̘̟̤͈̠̫̠̺̝̮͓̥̘̺͓̹͎̜̩͇̩̦̥͕̫̼̼͗̄̇̌́̓̈͒̑̉̔͌̿̉́͊̔̈́̽̾͒́͜͠͝A̵̡̛̻̞̫̩̝̗̦̫̹̟͎͇͓͚̅̎́͋̉́̔̈́̈́͆̐̃̉̇͋̃̔́͌́̾͠͠͠Å̴̡̧͉̻̟͇̤̲̖͔͓͈̺̣̖̩͓͉̬̣̗̩͖̻͓̦̭̫͕̳͈̪͔̺̺̘̖̙͙͉͍̠̮̤̬̝̤͍̓̍A̸̧̱̮̯̥͕̗͖̻̘͔͕̫̲̦̮̙̣͎͇͔̜̓A̴̢̡̧̢̨̨̨̧͈̙̞̗̻̜̺̥͇͚̼͚͙̞̮̲̹͇̝̙̻̳͍͍̳͓̣̩̣̩̼̘̺̩͚̤͂̑̇̆͑̂͋̃̀͂̓̽́̋̌̾̈͂̈́͋̎̋̏̇͋̌̄̐͂̈̽̋̀̕͝͝͠ͅA̶̡̧̢̦͉͓̼͚̦͕̩͇̹͈̥̼̱̻̭̱͔͈̪̙̬͔̩̞͈͍͌͗̆̿́̏̆͆̉͒̐̊̆͊̂̀̄́͗̅̋͑̆͆̎̂̋̓͆͆̒̎̐̀̋̈́̃̉̈́̒̈̒͘̕͘͝͝ͅÅ̸̡̡̡̜̣̙̱͈͖͖̩̯̤͉̬͎̳̦̣̹͎̰̻̜͈̖̳̫͖̙̓͗́̈́͛͗̋̈̕͜͠͠ͅĄ̵͇̞̜͉̰̻͖̱̺̝͔̙͙̟̤̳̖͕̪̺̥͓̖̀́̑͜ͅĄ̶̛̛̛̳̘̣̜̜̔̅̇̓̏̓͑́̈͆́̊̃͑̀̊̏̔̀̈́̇͛̏̍͒͂̓̊͗̊̿̋̀̊͒͗́̀͌͒͘̕͝͝͠A̸̧̧̢̡̛̻̺̩̰͉͉̱̩͇̳̤̘̭͇̠͎̳̺͖̼̰̠̫̟̼͑̊̈́̍͊̔̀̍̊̽̄̐͒͗̎͛̄̐̒̆̎̽͌͗̃̆̅͛̌͊̀̈̂̓̇͂̋̑̇̄̒̆̕̚̕̕͝͝ͅͅĄ̸̧̙͓̦̠̫̗͕̣̱͍̳͉͇̣͎͓̞̓͂̾̅̎̉̓͊̊̄̊̒̾̑͒̍̏̒͆̔̒̓̾̈́̉̇̑̃̏̋́͌̀͋̽̂̏̾͂̑̈́̈́̊̋̈́̐̀͠͝Ȃ̶̡̨̛̦͔̬̙͍̥̘͓̞̘̙̺̝̫̜͙̼̞̜̰̤̯̙́͊̋̍͌̓́̈́͛̋̈́͐̄͊̊̅̏͗̍̇̉͒̋̌͑͗̏̎͑́͋͘͘͜͝͝͝Â̸̳͖̝͐͐̏͆͜Ą̶̡̡̢̛͚̱̼̩͔̜̮͕̯͕̞̭̩̞̤͉͚͔͖̙̤̥͈̯̞̩̳̭̲̩̗̠͓͕̞̲̩̓̈͌́͒̀̽̐̽̎͒̐͊͊̾͒͂͊͌̽̃̚͘͝͠͝͠͝Ă̶̧̨̢̢̲̺̻̺͉̱̼͍͓̩̰̖͉̫̻̼͎̝̬̞͊̓̐́A̴̛̛̛̳̦̺̒̅̊̏̽͛̿̆̏͊͌͋̈̉̃̍͊̑̈͐̾͋̎̒͒͌͐̐͘̚̕ͅÁ̷͕̅̈́͆̓̾̉͑̒͆͆̀͂͑̉̓̂͂̒̏͂̈́̆̑̒̾̌̀͆̔̈́̉͒͗̎̈̌̚͘͠Ä̴̟͙̮́̏̑͐̏̔͆͐̕̕̕͝A̶̧̡̡̧̛͖͎̰͚̯̱͇̯̬͇̟͎̩͓̥̫͚͔̫̠̩͓͍̫͍̰͍̤̰̝͚̙͌̑͗̈́̈̍̽̈́͛̋̽͗͛̍͆̾̎͐̆͘̚̚̕͜͝͠͠͠͝ͅȂ̶̦̑̈̿̆A̶̧͇̪͔̻̦̳̪̭̗̦͙̹̠͉̥̤͗̄̌̆͑̅͐̐͗͒͊̊͊̏̂͑̈́̉̽̈͛̃̓̈́̔̌̕͠͝ͅA̵̢̭̺̰̤̫̞̭͖̲̩̟͙͓̼̱͙̜̞̪̫̯̲̮͚͖̳̯̻̩͐͆̑̿̋̾̏́̓̈́͌̂̇̀̔̃́͆̅͗̃̍̎͋̔̾̅͋́̉͂͛̓̃̓̍͐̽̃̒͘̕̚͝͝͝ͅͅÄ̸̡̡̢̡̢̧̧̺̰̹͚̬̻̠͈̗̙̤̣͖̰̼̟̪̞͈̼̱̞͖̤͙͈̩́̂́͂̑͗͒̽͗͊̽̓̒͝͝A̵̰̙͓̯͉̪̟̭͍̯̬̣͎̻͕̬̪͚̻̱̥͙͕͙͉̠̣͐̅̾̇̊̆͑́͋̓̿̆̀̀̀̑͛̍̆͗̅́͌̽̊̔͑̂́͊́̍̉̀̀̉̍͘̕͝Ä̷̧̘̰̼̥͔͓̞̩̙̲̩͔͇̺͙̺̼͓̗̬͕͉̜̭̫̖̘̹͕̥̥̰̟̩̺̝͉́͊̑̊̈̽̀̾͑͐̐̈́̾̑͐͂̓̃̔̿͗̂́̉̓̍́͝͝ͅͅͅA̷̡̛̺͉̦̤̣͕̫̠̖͍̗̺͕̖̫̦̟̹͙̓́̋̈́̐̆̇̀̏́̾̚Ą̴̛̛̥͙͖̯̮̤̣̙̝̭͙̗̭̤̰̤̺̠͎̬̘̰͕̬̰̭͔͚͌̀̓͒̈́̎͜͜͠A̷̡͉̅͆̐͋͌̅͆͗̈́̀̎̌̂̈̉̃̇̇̀̿̔̉͑̒̅̒̈́̌̀́̊͂̂̂͊͋͑̓̃̀͝͝͝Á̷̢̡̢̡̪̩͚̥̲̮̩͓̭͕̖̯̜̦̭͙͖̗͕̻̖̱̪̇͐͘ͅA̵̡̢̤̤̤̫̠̹̻͉̠͔͔̫̤̲̻͎͓̪͊͋͠A̴̢̧̢̨̨̰̯̲̣̮͔̣̪̙̩̜̙͚̯̺̺͉̣̰̪̳͙̤͉͖̝͈̯͙̥̽̈̀̂̍̄̏͜͝A̵̧̛̛̛̛̹̗̥̝̻̥̪̙̫̼̹̱͎͍͍̰̝̤͓̥͌͊̆͆̌͆̓͌̆̊͌̔͊̀͒̈́̊́̃̑̄͂͐̂̊̐̏͘̚̚͜͝͝͝A̸̛̛̱̩̲͖͚̜̱̦̼̜͛̒̐̊̃̌͂͛̀̀̊̀̈́̐̍̐̒̍̈́̒̓̍̈́̓̑̌͠͝͠A̴̧̢̯̟̙̘͇͖͔͚̰̠͙̼̪̦͖͕̖̞͇͎̩̙͒͋̿̋͜͠͠ͅͅĄ̵̢̨̛̣͈̘̬̝̺͖̰̗̣͖̣̔̂̓̋̎̄͋̌͂̽͊̄͊̈̂͑̉͆̿̕͝ͅA̶̤͉͖͙̬̩̪̬͇̬̫͎̠̖̰͓̹̱̭̼̾̿ͅÄ̸̢̡̨̠̹̗̳͇̩̤̳̼̗̺̳̣͉̮̼́̓͊̾̍͠ͅA̴̡̨̛̛͚̼̮̩̹̰̣͕̤̙͍͍͙͔̞̙͈͎͈͕̣̮͍̥͇̫̼͆̽̅̒̏͛͆̈͒̔̈́̂̏͛̈͒͗͊͂̈̅̀̑̑̓͗̓̚͘͘͜͜ͅȂ̸̡̦̭̮̦͎̹̞͙̘̻͔̜̙͚̫̗̬͎̖͈͈͖͓͙̈́̅̏̔̎͜͝ͅÂ̷̡̛̞̥͙̳̞͕͓̣̮̬͍̺̮̜̝͚͙͙̥̺̬͗͆̊̋͊̑͐̿̈́͛͌͛͑͐̔̉̑̎̋̀̃̒̓̏̌͊͊̽͆̆̿̓͆̾͊̇̈́͋̋̀̇̏̚̕̚͝͠Ǎ̴̧̧̧̖̙̝̹̲̪͇͖̺͎̰̦̘͕̲̩́́̈͋͒̀̏̌̈̋̔̌̏͂̊̆̓̔͗̅̃͊͋͌̈̆͘͜͝͝Ą̶̧̨̛̯̜̫̰̭͍̼̲͎̲͖̘̤̥̗͎̬̹̙̼͔̞̗̯͙̲͓̬̰̠̌̌̿̒̊̿̿̀̄̅͛̓͌̃̈͋̅̓͂́̓̌̆̌͘͘̚͠͝A̷͖̭͕̥̘̺͂́͋̇̈́̔̄̈́Á̷̛̦̄͛͐́̈͆̍̽̐͑̉͋̔̄̈͑͆̌̈́̔̋̕͘̚Ä̸̢̡̨̨̢̡̫̳͖͓̟͇̙͔̥͈̩͍̜̲̫͚͔̥̖̭͖̣̮̰̩̠̳̤̞̥̠̦̪̱̗̞͖͈̙͙̱́ͅA̶̡̨̨̢̛̰̦̫̞̳̝̥̳̰̻̥͇͚̤̻͇̣̤̱̪̖͇̦̝̰͇̦̗͖͈̣̺̦̩̪̖̙͍̳͎̱̹̜̻͐͌̌̍̆̄̀͑̈́̔̍̂́̉̐̇́̐̋̈́̃̒͑̚͜͜Ą̶̡̢̢̮̟̜̯̦̪̮̙̦̰̹͇̙̲̘͓͇͍̘̱͇̯̤̤̺̣͍̼͉̒̓͊̎̔̀͑̈́̈́̊̇͋͑̏̓̽͆̐͗̾͆̊́͋̕͝ͅͅͅͅͅĄ̶̢̡̢̧̡̧̛̖̣̯̖̦̲̟̳̼͉̣̹̺͔̭̺͖̞̳̺̝̦̣̹̱̲̯̝̟͈̘̗̠͖̣͚̓͑̓̌́̒̀̌͆̿́̓̐̔̃͊͂͆́͋͐̍̕̕͜͝ͅͅÀ̴̧̧̗̬̲͚̠͉̘̦͓͎̦̞̖̰̩̗̜̹̙̼̼͑̽̌̾̾̑͒̍̽̒͒̓̐̿̏́̀̚ͅA̸̦̻͒͆̓́̅͋̐̓̓͐̍̓̏͐̅̌̐̊̉̎̉̉͒͛͛̇̊̈́͆̃͠͝͝͠͝Ả̸̧̮͚̗̭̰͖̟̠̬̣̮̠͍͈͍̳̰̯͍̾̀͐̏̈́̕͜͜Ą̶̛̠̰̞͉̫̩͇̙̥̯̣̞̯̗̪̺̤̙̺̣̪̤̠͇͔̍̅̃̊͋́̊̏̊̐̒̈́̇̓͜͜͠͝ͅḀ̸̛̟̻̬̳̳̻͎͍̰͕͉̱̹̺͑̔́͑̓̀͂̐̓̓̅͂̾̓̿̇́̎͂͆̃͑̊̊̎͋͒͑̇̾͋̄̄̌̿͘͘͘̕͜͝͝ͅǍ̵̢̧̧̠̲̰̠̘̥̦͙̖̜͓̜̦̂̓̽̚A̶̢̢̢̢̖̙͉͖͓̰̹̘̟̥͎̜̝̳͔̲̣̟̹̰̰̺̱͍͕̙̣̓͜ͅȂ̷̧̡̛̛͎̫̼͍̗̠̗̻̱͔̝̞̣͇͕̗͚̼̩̪̤̰̹͉̘̲͎̰͔̖̔͐̐̈̈́̅͋͊̇͐͗͌̍̓̽͗̅̓̅̇̊̃̌̈́̚͘͠͝͠͝͠͝Ȧ̸̡̡̡̢̛̛̙̝̣̻̟̙̥̪̰̘̜͓͇͎̻̰̮͉̠̮̻̼̮͕̮̖̘͖̗̞̞̓̌͗́͋̓̄̐̊̆̆́̋͒̄͛̅͛̇̍͂̀̋̓̉͐͗̓̿̃͒͌͒͘̕͜͠͝͝͝͝ͅͅͅA̷̰̝͕̟̪̩̩̼̤͐̌́̓͑̏̿̆͑̄̀̌̂̋̑͋̓͌̄̀͛͆̈̓̍̎̽͛̃͛̑̿̋̎̿̑͗̈͑͊̄̓͋̒̕͜͠ͅA̴̢̨͍͉̩̳͕̟͈͍̩̭̻͍͎̤̻̻͖̝̪̯̬͍̩̭̠̟̘̺̮̺̜̙̻͇̝͈͗̈͐̍̍̆̂͐̽̀̓͌̅̽̂̇́͂͌͊͘̚͘͘̚͜ͅA̶̢̘̭̭̱̯̳̮̥̱̻̼̪̙̤̰̱̯̣̔͒̇͐̋͊͋͗̃̆̆̿̅͋͝A̷̡̹̩̥̥̱͍͕̻̩͊̐́͑̾̈̐̎͆̄̈̓͒̀̋̇̌̀̐̓́̕͜͝͝ͅA̷̧̢̧̖͍̭͎͈̭̯̫̞͚̺͚̠̬͎̱̪̘̩͖͓̪̦̱̯̪̩̝̟̣̱͉̙̰͈̤̼̲͖͆̌̀͂͆̃̕̚͜ͅͅĄ̶̨̛̫͇͓̘̲͕͋̊̍͆͛̌̈́̕̚̕̕͝͝ͅͅA̷̢̧̢̡͍͕͓̖͙̰̣̝̳͕̳͉̭̜͚̜̬̟̫̙͓͎̤͍͔̗̭̱̱̙̾̂͜ͅA̷̢̨̧̟͉̥̱͔͕̣̝͎̝̘͎̭̰̣͎̥̳̗̯͈͎͖͓̣̠̙͎̗̗͕͔͙͉̘̝̟͙͍̋̓̾̆̌͂̋̆̈̎̍̾̏̊́̈́́̐̑͒̈̊̇̑̿͂̕̚͠͝ͅͅͅȀ̸̡̨̨̛̛̤͎̫͍̣̻̙͈̙̯̹͚͙̰̞̬̗͉̦̠̮̮̠̮̱͉͚̜̝͔͚̜̭̯̲͍͕̭͈̅̅̋̌̄̔͋̉̀̆͑̓͐̔̾̒̑̓̄͝͝͝Ǎ̸̡̢̨̡̨̪̖̭̪͚̯̱̹̣͚͕͈̼̠̰͔͖̟̖͕̠̘͇̹̠̥̮͚̹͙̖͚͔̺̝̝̬̩͇̭̙̜̀̒̿̚͜͜ͅÄ̶̱̘̰̼̹̻͚̰͎́͑̽́̀́͋Ą̸̨̳̮͔̙͇̖̮̻͕̖͓̙̬̮̗͈̦̦͙͎͈̞̓̽́̾͊̄͆̎̋̈́̏̓̇͒̽͆̿̊̀̏͊̈́͑͑̒̚̚͘͝Ä̶̧̡̨̛͚̻̗̮̬̦̪̥̦̪͍̟̤͈̰̠̠̟́͗̏͒̓͒̔̽͂̈̌Ȧ̶̧̧̧̡̛̞͙̖̱̻̗̹̤̯̼̗̤̳̲̲̙͉͔͙͙̦̙̮͉̹̦͔͈͕̭͈̑̓͐̿̿̑͛͋̃̉̾̉̉͘͜͝A̶̢̢̨̛̭͔͓̣̮͙̟̺̰̺̪̪͓̻̯̤̱͎̤̣̪̪͕̮̪̯͓̗͔̗̖̩̫̩̥̦̥̻͇̳̭͚̞͑̾̽̽̇̽́̆̌́̓̀̎̑̐̂͑̇̄͐̃̂̋͑̓͆̈́̓͋̊̑̌͑͗̀̽͘̚̕͘͘͜͝͠ͅĄ̵̡̢̨̨̥͈̹̲͙̥̬͓̹͎̗̫͚̼̭̞͍̦̣̯̪̳̪̠͖̯͔̥̻̫̥̲̗̠̮̑̄́̏͌̊̀̓̅͆̔̄͘͠A̸̧̢̛̠̥͔͛̈́̇̈́͆̃͆͂̀͋͑́̑̿̈́̍̎͘͘̚͝͝͠͝Ą̸̢̨̧̧̡̛̛̩̹̳͖̩͙̗͚̹̰͔͕͔͙̫̗̺͖̺̤̯̻̱̤̙̬͈̜͓̝̦͍͍̫̣̟̮̻̝͓̈͑́̈́͗̽̿͂͋͆͂̈́̉͐̂̋̋̇̎̓̆͆̎̾̊̓͆̆̇́̊̽̐͌̏̀̎̌͋̇̕̚͜͜͝͝͠͝Ḁ̶̧̢̡̛̛͇̲̠͖̖͍͔̘̪̱̰̬̞̬̭̖̱͔͇̦̮̫̳̺̬͕͇̫̻͙̯̻̥̘̻̯̱̺̳̣͔̥͕̉̈́͒̃̋̉̀̉̌̽̆̾͛̏̃̅̏͌̒̿̏̈́͌̆̅̊̿͗̽̏̓͌͛̒̊͊̽͌̅̑̕̚̕͜͠͠ͅĂ̴̛̭͇̮͇̫̋̓̀̂͂̃͗̓̾̈́̑̔͆̌̾̿̋͐̌̏̀͊̀́̽̅̐̾̃́́͗͋̂̉̈́̏̋̂͌̚̕̕̕͠ͅĄ̵̭͕̲̯̩͖̮̬̰͓̝̣̖̭͉̞̞͕̦͕̙̤̙̭͈̭̖̱͈̲͖̞͔̩̤͕̫̯̟͇̗̞̐͒̃͛̍̒̊̅͛͂̋̌̓̈̉̐̏͛̀̅̐̎͊͊͑̊̾̊̔͊͜͠ͅÄ̵̧̛̛̪̳̼̦̞̝́̅͌̄̽̆̿͆̾̔̋͐̆̄̉͑͑̽̿̀̾̎͌͑̉̿̿́̒̀̈͊́́͒̆̚͜͜͠͝Ǎ̴͎̜̼̝̱͕̬̺̤̝̱̹̖̏̈́͒̊̑̉̌̌̏̀̈́̃̚A̸̢̢̡̛͔͔̙̙̬̹̪̼͎̥̤̘̺̫̟̬͕̮̟͙̖̦̮̅̍͋͋͋̊̽̈́͒̿̄͜͝͝͝ͅĄ̴̧̢̨̛̹̺̺̼̬̤͓̙̩̗̝͇̖͕͕̲̦̝͕̖͖̩̬̬̥́̋̈̂̎́̅͆̈͒̀̓̅̏̄͂̇͐͆̽͒̅̏͐͜ͅȂ̶̢̢̨̡̛̛̛̺̱̗̝̠͔̥̼͙̳̱̩̠̖̞̘̪̹̠̙͇͙͓̝̄̾̍̍̈̉͒̃̒̈́̊̿̏͗͌̍͛̀͐̿̏̔͛̊̆̀̓̅̒̽̂̓̚̚͝͠ͅÁ̶̡̡̧̡̨̧̧̧̛̲̦̠̤̺̖̼̗̝̠͚̳͍̳͇̺̰̮͍̳̥͍̞̻̥͓͓͚̭̹̮̗͉̥͈̭̙̖̭̜͈̥͋́͋̄͑͛̅̒̔͑͛͒̔̄͊̀̕͠A̶̢̢̛̦͇̤̘̯̭͉͓̱͇̦͕̘̯̼̰̮̲͎͓̫̭̜̪̥͓͎̤̞̬̦̣̻͍̗͌̎̈́͋̌̓̀͒̈́̉̋́̿́͌͊́́͜͜͠͠͝͝͝͠ͅA̶̡̡̧̛̛̛̛͓̻̯̥͖̟̭͕̩͖̦̙̦̣͈̼̔́̆̈́́̑̓̄̀̐͑̍̂̇̈̓͌̈́͒̑̃̒͑̈́͋̃̆̓͛̊̓̌̅͂̿̈́͘̕͠ͅͅẢ̵̧̢̢̢̢̧̨͔̱̫͎͍͉̗̥̖̤̯͇͔̫̼̫͔͙̬̲̘̭̘̙͎͔̹̩͙͓̩̣̻̞̗̟͕̬͇̞̟̃̔̎̈́͋̀̽͊̈́̏̿̉̄̌̾̇́͐͐̓̕͘Ā̸̢̨̧̢̞̗̻̫̰̙̖͖̳̤͈͔̦͉̻̟̜̜̟̹̘͙̖̼̟̯̜̤̹̝̺̥͕̝̳̼̒̑̃̿͆͂͛̂̾̀̋̊̏̓̀̏͒̍͐̿͋̽̒͆̒̌͆̋̓̃̋̎͐̀̋̐́̊͘̕͜͝͝͝Ä̷̡͔̘̰̱̪̫̰̭͍̞̱̭̼̪͎̮̪̱͓̙̬̘͉͖́̈̿͛̊̒̐̍͜͝ͅͅA̴̢̜̝͍̯̱̯̝̫͙̰̳̳̻͙̜̫͍̭͉͔͗̐̈́͆̇̏̾̊̂̊̄͂͠Ã̵̧̧̢̛͙̜͙̭̹̞̘̹̱̩̥͖̝͉̗̥͓̫̜̖͑̾̄̑͗͐̀̒̽̈́́̑̽̊̐̉̈́̓͐̀͒̽́̀̽̅̄̂̆͋͗̋̋̅́̑̐͘̕͜͠͝Á̶̢̨̛̦͖̻͙̗͉̥̦̩̖̖̪̭̯̞͆̔̈́̅̊̈̌͛́͆͑͂̀̈́̾͗̈́̉̔̅̒͑̈̕͘͠͝͝͝Ả̴̡͖̹̖̱̪̤͖̗̥̹̲̝̭̬̯̦̩͖̪̼̬̥̲̝̙̟̪͈̣̦̩̟̯͕̳̜̝̯̬̙͉͚͕͔̹̀̋́͂̾͂͂̒̉̈́́̈́̅͒͌́̇̆́̈́́͗̀͒̿̊́̀̊̕̕͜͝͝͝͝͠ͅĄ̶̧̧̢̨̧̢̛͖̣͚͙̠̫͓̲͙̘̹̤͕̰̲͉̫̖͚̣̹̰̻̗̪̬̗͕̮͍̺͎̤̬͙̜̣͚̞̎̌̓̉̿ͅͅͅĄ̸̺̘̲͇̯͇͎̯̯̺̥͖̳͉͕͙̩̽̈͂͌̎̈́͐́̄̈̊̽̈̇̊͌̊̀͒̽̾̏͒̓̎̌̚͘͘͜A̵̡̨̡̧̛̼̗̮̝͎̺̜̖͖̙͎̥̙̝͈̟̥̝͇̙̭̹̮̬̺̭̟͉̙̘̭̣̥̲̭͑̿̓̐̊̂͐̉̆̈́̉̌̊͗̃̀̋͐͒̏̃̈́̅̐͊̉̄̅̿͗̃̆̀̆̕͝͝͝ͅĄ̶̡̝̟̖̗͙̣̪̝̺̥̩̣͈͚̬͈̬̮̘͕͕͕̝̣̠̙̩̗̖͚̤͈̯̟̣̩̳̮͕̬̜͈̞͇̣̎͊̎̃̾̐͛͌̐̋̓̾̽̅̅̔̈̽̏̌̍͗̓͛̽̇̂̎̍̇̚͜͠͝Ą̵̢̢̛̛̜̙͉͖̼̱̮̪̮̹̘̲̩̮̗͉̰͉̗̙̏̇͂̄̇̓͒̂̈́̈́̓̃̈̅͂̏̿͂̔͘̚͜A̶̢̟̗͓̱̣͈̯̟͖̟̪̜̟̱̬̩̟͗̀̋͆ͅA̷̢̢̨̛̛̛͓̤̭̺͓̮͎̲̻̫̟̽̊̎͛͌̄͋͋͗͒̎́̀̇͒̅̂͂͋̃̽́͋͐̊͊̌͊̽̀͘͘͘͜͝A̸̧̡̛͙̘͇̠͎̹̘̣͚̮̘̱̝̙͊̉̈́̿̔͋̔͊̀̇̾͑̓̀͗̓̔͌̈́̈́̐̀͛͌͆̓̈͐͐̒̿͊͆̄̕̕̚͘̕͘͝͝Ą̴̝͙̲̳̤̰͕̭̲̣̬̩͓̬̻͓̼̯̠̪̜̟̯̪͎̲̦͉̫̺̙̯̤̮̱̬̳̥̰͔̮͖̃̓̆̇͊̔̉̈́͋͐̉̇͑͐̃̑̆̓͝ͅÅ̷̛͍̫̩̟͌̔̍̊̎̂͝͝ͅA̶̛̟̲̫̖͉̰̳̣̺͍̤̗̪̬̲͈̹̖͓̹͉̪̗̪͂̔͒̐̐́̔̔͂̌͋̾̎̚̚͘̚̚͝͝͝͝ͅͅA̸̡̨̡͎̥̱͇̮̳̱͙͇̘̙̲͇̣̞̬̭̼̩̹̰͍̩͚̙̱̳̖̹̦̲͙̳̠̘̓̀̏͛̎̽̽͋̐̈́̓͑̈̈́̌͊̔̊̈̂̽̈̏̐̐̇̈́͐̀̿̈́̆̉̄͌̋̔͛̉̉͌́̕̕̕͘̚͝͠͠ͅÄ̴̢̨̧̫͍̪̳̗̗̼̼̰̭̞͔͙̖̝͉̜̭̻͖̟͉̣̼͓͖̱̱̻̺́͗̒̃͑̆͒̌̑͑͂́̂́͒͋̋̎͝͝͝͠ͅͅÁ̵̧̡̛̠͉͙̼͔̱͒̾̆̍̅̎́͒̈̔͊̒͗̂̾̆̂̃̑̈̓͆̿͆͛̈́̿̀̄͆̈͐́̊̈̏̏͌̋͘̚̚͠͠͝Á̸̧̨̨̡̡̨̖̤͈̗̘̖̗͍̱͚̰̞̱̗̠̘͕̮̥͖̻͉̭̬͓̼̠̟͉͚̞̠̥̱͍̗̯̺̬̾̍́̄̍̎́̍̓̀̊̕͘͝ IE7B7i2zWy8-00003-00000804-00000922 sKiPpY hAs MoRe PrOtEiN IE7B7i2zWy8-00004-00000922-00001097 And this is great, Mrs... IE7B7i2zWy8-00005-00001097-00001147 Buttercup 1998 vs Buttercup 2016 IE7B7i2zWy8-00006-00001147-00001197 Ame IE7B7i2zWy8-00007-00001200-00001399 Americans will lol (x3) IE7B7i2zWy8-00008-00001399-00001511 Caramelldansen IE7B7i2zWy8-00009-00001511-00001878 Planter's NUTS... are America's nuts IE7B7i2zWy8-00010-00001878-00002030 Dig in plants IE7B7i2zWy8-00011-00002163-00002554 For the love of Planters cock tail penis, we'll perform the first Sayas Flolf IE7B7i2zWy8-00012-00002699-00002983 (Shaggy Screeching) IE7B7i2zWy8-00013-00003033-00003088 To not IE7B7i2zWy8-00014-00003088-00003138 Doing things I can't cook IE7B7i2zWy8-00015-00003339-00003443 pants zip IE7B7i2zWy8-00016-00003443-00003643 Till she tastes this... (Mario's Trollface) IE7B7i2zWy8-00017-00003643-00003953 Can I help? No, everything's under control. IE7B7i2zWy8-00018-00004016-00004079 lol IE7B7i2zWy8-00019-00004268-00004457 Peter Panama (Farting) IE7B7i2zWy8-00020-00004507-00004557 Matt Hargreaves: Not the face!! IE7B7i2zWy8-00021-00004557-00004629 Mr Krabs Scream IE7B7i2zWy8-00022-00004946-00005090 pooping (farting) IE7B7i2zWy8-00023-00005090-00005572 (Dinging like Super Mario Bros) IE7B7i2zWy8-00024-00005572-00005758 Spreading awwa IE7B7i2zWy8-00025-00005758-00006398 Good, good, good, good, goooooooood fun lololololololololololololololol IE7B7i2zWy8-00026-00006534-00006755 OH SHIT (Exploded) IE7B7i2zWy8-00027-00006792-00006842 sis IE7B7i2zWy8-00028-00006870-00006999 Get down you... IE7B7i2zWy8-00029-00007418-00007562 Stop the music!! IE7B7i2zWy8-00030-00007562-00007915 Marilyn Monroe: I have important noos. Announcing... IE7B7i2zWy8-00031-00007915-00008239 AMC Theatres Song (1979) IE7B7i2zWy8-00032-00008239-00008401 with a big PENUS IE7B7i2zWy8-00033-00008401-00008828 Annette Funicello: At this family's... (Michael Rosen: Nice) penis reunion, with a BIG penus IE7B7i2zWy8-00034-00008828-00008954 mmmmm IE7B7i2zWy8-00035-00008954-00009092 Natsuki: Monika, it's over for you! Monika: Oh shit IFBnqZswtVM-00000-00000000-00000200 Pogled na more sa autoputa | Jadransko more Hrvatska🌊🌴🌅🐚☀️ IGHDx0UTV8k-00000-00000040-00000448 hi guys welcome back to my channel it's your boy i'm kenneth and if you're new here this is IGHDx0UTV8k-00001-00000448-00001040 my channel and i get to do reactions for now so amazing music right so before we go any further IGHDx0UTV8k-00002-00001040-00001552 please hit the subscribe button so we get to build this awesome community online we are almost at IGHDx0UTV8k-00003-00001552-00002192 3 000 subscribers i know we still have a long way to go but contribute help support the channel also IGHDx0UTV8k-00004-00002192-00002800 like share and yeah i recommend this video to more people so today's video reaction was recommended IGHDx0UTV8k-00005-00002800-00003624 by danielle um so he was like i recommend stay and i put the spell on you black and white IGHDx0UTV8k-00006-00003624-00004240 russian great job exclamation mark and i was like okay let me i tell you guys i reply to IGHDx0UTV8k-00007-00004240-00004760 everybody's comments in the comment section so please leave a comment i'm going to reply to it IGHDx0UTV8k-00008-00004760-00005384 okay so i am doing this because of you daniel i hope you like the reaction okay IGHDx0UTV8k-00009-00005384-00006048 so it's i put the spell on you the black and white version without further ado let's get IGHDx0UTV8k-00010-00006048-00007184 started IGHDx0UTV8k-00011-00008296-00008720 sorry can i just ask the question who knows the man in the picture she was IGHDx0UTV8k-00012-00008720-00009360 holding like who was she referring to does anybody have an idea on that and also i'll be poisoned IGHDx0UTV8k-00013-00009360-00009832 due to copyrights so please pat on that i hope you really understand it's not easy on IGHDx0UTV8k-00014-00009832-00010288 us as content creators to make these videos without poison so please IGHDx0UTV8k-00015-00010288-00010704 i see your comments and some of them are really hurtful so please just try to understand IGHDx0UTV8k-00016-00010704-00011384 okay IGHDx0UTV8k-00017-00012336-00013168 wait did you hear that voice how old is she here i think 13 or 10 or 12 like IGHDx0UTV8k-00018-00013272-00013928 the thing with reacting to angel judas music is uh you sometimes forget how old she is IGHDx0UTV8k-00019-00013984-00014536 in the videos so you think it's a mature person you're like make a reference to but meanwhile IGHDx0UTV8k-00020-00014536-00015119 it's a child a teenager in some cases or a child in the most part of it like most IGHDx0UTV8k-00021-00015119-00015919 i have seen so far so here she's pretty pretty young and that voice like it would get you okay IGHDx0UTV8k-00022-00016263-00017280 your mind stop the things you do IGHDx0UTV8k-00023-00017872-00019408 i ain't lying oh god guys um switch less like switch less all the time like sometimes you IGHDx0UTV8k-00024-00019408-00020168 feel like you're over exaggerating this whole thing right but i'm not really like i i really IGHDx0UTV8k-00025-00020168-00020832 am not like if you were to like react to it this is really like the surprise if you're not IGHDx0UTV8k-00026-00020832-00021528 a sort of person that doesn't uh you know try to like downplay emotions right if someone is like IGHDx0UTV8k-00027-00021528-00022584 very energetic and just like ah like crazy about you're screaming you like you'll be screaming IGHDx0UTV8k-00028-00023816-00023984 put me down IGHDx0UTV8k-00029-00024680-00025768 oh my god oh my god like we're just announcing the words and it sounds like soundtrack to like IGHDx0UTV8k-00030-00025768-00026320 a james bond movie or something like when the guy's about to do something bad like IGHDx0UTV8k-00031-00026320-00026888 this they should use angelina's cover of this song as a soundtrack like it would be amazing IGHDx0UTV8k-00032-00027032-00027800 because it's so dramatic like it's very dramatic it's wow it's a drama within itself IGHDx0UTV8k-00033-00027800-00028183 guys IGHDx0UTV8k-00034-00028352-00029583 mind IGHDx0UTV8k-00035-00030232-00030832 i have to apologize for poison guys i know you don't like it and i just have to do this for IGHDx0UTV8k-00036-00030832-00031568 copyright because if not i don't get to upload any videos at the end of the day so hence me poison IGHDx0UTV8k-00037-00031568-00032504 please bear with me please bear with me okay um like the instrumentals to also play the played IGHDx0UTV8k-00038-00032504-00033472 an important role in this video but definitely angelina jordan's voice is like the foundation IGHDx0UTV8k-00039-00033472-00033800 for everything that is standing here in this video i'm watching today like IGHDx0UTV8k-00040-00034112-00035208 wow you know i it's shocking i wish i could like just play all through without poison but IGHDx0UTV8k-00041-00035208-00035904 guys even better this way we get to like you know hear it digest it IGHDx0UTV8k-00042-00035904-00036584 and move on to the next hear it digest it and move on to the next okay oh okay IGHDx0UTV8k-00043-00037448-00037840 i'm like can you see can you see her facial reaction like IGHDx0UTV8k-00044-00037840-00038600 she's playing she's having a good time at the park like what are you guys all doing here like IGHDx0UTV8k-00045-00038600-00039144 why are you guys all acting surprised i'm just like singing like i'm breeding air you know IGHDx0UTV8k-00046-00039144-00039784 like i'm not i'm not performing i'm just it's an everyday activity IGHDx0UTV8k-00047-00040184-00040784 hey what's up man IGHDx0UTV8k-00048-00041432-00042184 i love you i love you i love you i love you IGHDx0UTV8k-00049-00043280-00044424 guys um wow wow wow like the last part i know i just said that she was just singing like she was IGHDx0UTV8k-00050-00044424-00044992 she was singing like she's not singing but this is this is this is more like that i love IGHDx0UTV8k-00051-00044992-00045640 you part like and the way her voice and the way she sings on time with the instrumentals IGHDx0UTV8k-00052-00045720-00045864 just makes it much more powerful IGHDx0UTV8k-00053-00046128-00046808 like it's very hard to react to this song or to angela's performance because sometimes you feel IGHDx0UTV8k-00054-00046808-00047288 like you don't know what to say at the end of the day like you're just repeating the same excitement IGHDx0UTV8k-00055-00047288-00047928 but you're not really doing that um and i'm really happy that this one is much more energetic um IGHDx0UTV8k-00056-00048016-00048592 god english energetic um the previous videos i've done before could be like IGHDx0UTV8k-00057-00048592-00049272 quite sad like they're very emotional this one is more upbeat and you know are coming IGHDx0UTV8k-00058-00049272-00050584 back coming back from when we last stopped or something like that so um yeah yeah okay IGHDx0UTV8k-00059-00052864-00053200 um i was asked a quick question here how many of you knew the original IGHDx0UTV8k-00060-00053288-00053767 singer like who composed this song if you know please um leave that in the comment section IGHDx0UTV8k-00061-00053767-00054344 for me and i'll get to see your comments okay then yeah that's what jonathan let's IGHDx0UTV8k-00062-00054344-00054784 continue IGHDx0UTV8k-00063-00055072-00055088 i IGHDx0UTV8k-00064-00055832-00056184 don't care IGHDx0UTV8k-00065-00056520-00057584 if you don't want me i'm yours right now IGHDx0UTV8k-00066-00059791-00060591 wow now i know why daniel wanted me to react to this because this was this was very very this was IGHDx0UTV8k-00067-00060720-00061479 peak and the fact that it's also black and white just basically puts the performance to bear like IGHDx0UTV8k-00068-00061479-00062272 rawness in its originality and you could just see angelina like really have it form here like IGHDx0UTV8k-00069-00062272-00063224 really with the whole voice control the ranges the up and down the upbeatness of the song like IGHDx0UTV8k-00070-00063224-00063744 something if you want to like just dance let's say at the end of the month when your paycheck IGHDx0UTV8k-00071-00063744-00064328 comes in and you're just really excited just be like i put a spell on that check because it's IGHDx0UTV8k-00072-00064328-00064944 it's yours because you're mine okay i'm gonna spend you i'm gonna buy some iphones i'm gonna IGHDx0UTV8k-00073-00065000-00065904 buy some clothes okay um yeah like it's just a very upbeat song um so let me know what you think IGHDx0UTV8k-00074-00065904-00066544 um everything will always progress in if you have new tips and tricks for me to use to finance this IGHDx0UTV8k-00075-00066544-00067144 craft that i'm suddenly building please feel free to leave in the comment section also i have done IGHDx0UTV8k-00076-00067144-00067928 previous reactions about angelina jordan dimagge and suyang so please look for them in my channel IGHDx0UTV8k-00077-00067928-00068784 so remember to subscribe like and share the video stay safe and i'll see you in my next one peace IGYfH7NvYhM-00000-00000000-00000136 God answers Prayers IJtJcw6hvc4-00000-00000584-00000744 Elodie, production line operator IJtJcw6hvc4-00001-00000924-00001276 Dressing in a clean room suit IJtJcw6hvc4-00002-00002104-00002372 Team meeting at the beginning of the shift IJtJcw6hvc4-00003-00002496-00002844 Loading a mask IJtJcw6hvc4-00004-00003728-00004068 Sending a batch for robot transport IJtJcw6hvc4-00005-00004392-00004732 Loading a production batch IJtJcw6hvc4-00006-00004880-00005236 Transporting a production batch IJtJcw6hvc4-00007-00005416-00005760 Checking screens to organize work IJtJcw6hvc4-00008-00005880-00005948 Production line operator means: IJtJcw6hvc4-00009-00005948-00006288 Ensure the continuity of production by supplying the production equipment IJtJcw6hvc4-00010-00006288-00006631 Control and verify the quality of products during the different stages of production IJtJcw6hvc4-00011-00006631-00006940 Work in collaboration with the maintenance and process teams IM5fInlbU3g-00000-00000032-00000408 hey everyone i'm luis welcome back to my channel it's been a while since i IM5fInlbU3g-00001-00000408-00000936 opened a bunch of summoning spheres and i thought i could do a video just to outline IM5fInlbU3g-00002-00000992-00001680 a bit of the rates and so for that let's go and open 249 fortunately for us we have the option IM5fInlbU3g-00003-00001680-00002592 of opening summon one and some and all but i like in facebook and web version for mobile IM5fInlbU3g-00004-00002592-00003496 i would like that they had here an option to open a set of 10. it's a bit of annoying feature here IM5fInlbU3g-00005-00003496-00004200 you open one or all and on facebook and web you can open uh one or 10 but not all i wish IM5fInlbU3g-00006-00004200-00005784 it would be a bit more current with the three options one ten or all anyways let's go for this IM5fInlbU3g-00007-00006631-00007184 if we find supers is jackpot IM5fInlbU3g-00008-00008576-00009984 um IM5fInlbU3g-00009-00010408-00010760 i suppose for a very large number of openings like something more than IM5fInlbU3g-00010-00010816-00012784 i don't know 50 they could have they could skip all these unless you don't have the titans IM5fInlbU3g-00011-00014488-00015584 i kind of forgot and it took so long IM5fInlbU3g-00012-00016880-00017960 finally so let's look at the numbers we have roughly an equal number of mary moloch and sigurds IM5fInlbU3g-00013-00018112-00018816 followed by fought by angus and then we have roughly an equal number of IM5fInlbU3g-00014-00018920-00019816 avalon moloch and agnes and then less of nova and silva no supers IM5fInlbU3g-00015-00020224-00020912 this is all the different um individual looting we had for each summoning sphere IM5fInlbU3g-00016-00021128-00021608 so there's a few thirties in there a few a bunch of them IM5fInlbU3g-00017-00021856-00022264 uh if you like matt you can use my my video and IM5fInlbU3g-00018-00022264-00022752 get some statistics and figure out some of these but it feels like IM5fInlbU3g-00019-00023048-00024016 i don't know i i i think usually you would get more more tanks and IM5fInlbU3g-00020-00024016-00024384 i don't know if this adds up maybe to change the mat anyways IM5fInlbU3g-00021-00024384-00025040 hope you enjoyed this just to figure out how we are now after the dungeon rework i think IM5fInlbU3g-00022-00025232-00025983 well i don't know what thing uh no supers uh would have been good to have supers IM5fInlbU3g-00023-00026048-00026632 not that i need the souls but i need the extra souls for you know exchanging exchanging here IM5fInlbU3g-00024-00026632-00027512 in the merchant this will give me 30 31 32 000 um python soul coins and IM5fInlbU3g-00025-00027832-00028656 yeah this will be quite a lot quite a lot of pattern potions but that will be for another video IM5fInlbU3g-00026-00028816-00029472 i hope you enjoyed this and i'll see you around alright take care bye bye IQrgcE_337c-00000-00000010-00000106 CROWD FUNDING CAMPAIGN ENDS ON IQrgcE_337c-00001-00000106-00000113 CROWD FUNDING CAMPAIGN ENDS ON IQrgcE_337c-00002-00000113-00000293 CROWD FUNDING CAMPAIGN ENDS ON JUNE 30th. IQrgcE_337c-00003-00000293-00000300 CROWD FUNDING CAMPAIGN ENDS ON JUNE 30th. IQrgcE_337c-00004-00000300-00000417 CROWD FUNDING CAMPAIGN ENDS ON JUNE 30th. >> DENNIS: WELL, IT'S THAT TIME IQrgcE_337c-00005-00000417-00000423 JUNE 30th. >> DENNIS: WELL, IT'S THAT TIME IQrgcE_337c-00006-00000423-00000673 JUNE 30th. >> DENNIS: WELL, IT'S THAT TIME OF THE YEAR AGAIN FOR THE IQrgcE_337c-00007-00000673-00000680 >> DENNIS: WELL, IT'S THAT TIME OF THE YEAR AGAIN FOR THE IQrgcE_337c-00008-00000680-00000877 >> DENNIS: WELL, IT'S THAT TIME OF THE YEAR AGAIN FOR THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL IQrgcE_337c-00009-00000877-00000884 OF THE YEAR AGAIN FOR THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL IQrgcE_337c-00010-00000884-00000967 OF THE YEAR AGAIN FOR THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL MEDALLION HUNT. IQrgcE_337c-00011-00000967-00000974 BEMIDJI JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL MEDALLION HUNT. IQrgcE_337c-00012-00000974-00001081 BEMIDJI JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL MEDALLION HUNT. THE HUNT BEGINS TOMORROW, AND IQrgcE_337c-00013-00001081-00001087 MEDALLION HUNT. THE HUNT BEGINS TOMORROW, AND IQrgcE_337c-00014-00001087-00001237 MEDALLION HUNT. THE HUNT BEGINS TOMORROW, AND WE'RE EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE THE IQrgcE_337c-00015-00001237-00001244 THE HUNT BEGINS TOMORROW, AND WE'RE EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE THE IQrgcE_337c-00016-00001244-00001354 THE HUNT BEGINS TOMORROW, AND WE'RE EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE THE FIRST CLUE IN THIS YEAR'S HUNT. IQrgcE_337c-00017-00001354-00001361 WE'RE EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE THE FIRST CLUE IN THIS YEAR'S HUNT. IQrgcE_337c-00018-00001361-00001608 WE'RE EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE THE FIRST CLUE IN THIS YEAR'S HUNT. THE FIRST CLUE READS THE BEMIDJI IQrgcE_337c-00019-00001608-00001614 FIRST CLUE IN THIS YEAR'S HUNT. THE FIRST CLUE READS THE BEMIDJI IQrgcE_337c-00020-00001614-00001795 FIRST CLUE IN THIS YEAR'S HUNT. THE FIRST CLUE READS THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL STARTS IQrgcE_337c-00021-00001795-00001801 THE FIRST CLUE READS THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL STARTS IQrgcE_337c-00022-00001801-00001925 THE FIRST CLUE READS THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL STARTS THIS FRIDAY AND THE MEDALLION IQrgcE_337c-00023-00001925-00001931 JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL STARTS THIS FRIDAY AND THE MEDALLION IQrgcE_337c-00024-00001931-00002015 JAYCEES WATER CARNIVAL STARTS THIS FRIDAY AND THE MEDALLION HUNT IS ON. IQrgcE_337c-00025-00002015-00002022 THIS FRIDAY AND THE MEDALLION HUNT IS ON. IQrgcE_337c-00026-00002022-00002152 THIS FRIDAY AND THE MEDALLION HUNT IS ON. WE HOPE YOU GOT YOUR MEDALLION IQrgcE_337c-00027-00002152-00002158 HUNT IS ON. WE HOPE YOU GOT YOUR MEDALLION IQrgcE_337c-00028-00002158-00002312 HUNT IS ON. WE HOPE YOU GOT YOUR MEDALLION BUTTON TO DOUBLE YOUR PRIZE IF IQrgcE_337c-00029-00002312-00002318 WE HOPE YOU GOT YOUR MEDALLION BUTTON TO DOUBLE YOUR PRIZE IF IQrgcE_337c-00030-00002318-00002419 WE HOPE YOU GOT YOUR MEDALLION BUTTON TO DOUBLE YOUR PRIZE IF WON. IQrgcE_337c-00031-00002419-00002425 BUTTON TO DOUBLE YOUR PRIZE IF WON. IQrgcE_337c-00032-00002425-00002552 BUTTON TO DOUBLE YOUR PRIZE IF WON. A 500-DOLLAR GRAND PRIZE WILL BE IQrgcE_337c-00033-00002552-00002559 WON. A 500-DOLLAR GRAND PRIZE WILL BE IQrgcE_337c-00034-00002559-00002655 WON. A 500-DOLLAR GRAND PRIZE WILL BE PRESENTED TO THE PERSON WHO IQrgcE_337c-00035-00002655-00002662 A 500-DOLLAR GRAND PRIZE WILL BE PRESENTED TO THE PERSON WHO IQrgcE_337c-00036-00002662-00002862 A 500-DOLLAR GRAND PRIZE WILL BE PRESENTED TO THE PERSON WHO FINDS THE MEDALLION AND HAS THE IQrgcE_337c-00037-00002862-00002869 PRESENTED TO THE PERSON WHO FINDS THE MEDALLION AND HAS THE IQrgcE_337c-00038-00002869-00003166 PRESENTED TO THE PERSON WHO FINDS THE MEDALLION AND HAS THE MEDALLION WATER CARNIVAL BUTTON. IQrgcE_337c-00039-00003166-00003173 FINDS THE MEDALLION AND HAS THE MEDALLION WATER CARNIVAL BUTTON. IQrgcE_337c-00040-00003173-00003326 FINDS THE MEDALLION AND HAS THE MEDALLION WATER CARNIVAL BUTTON. IF NO BUTTON IS PRESENT, THE IQrgcE_337c-00041-00003326-00003333 MEDALLION WATER CARNIVAL BUTTON. IF NO BUTTON IS PRESENT, THE IQrgcE_337c-00042-00003333-00003520 MEDALLION WATER CARNIVAL BUTTON. IF NO BUTTON IS PRESENT, THE PRIZE AWARDED WILL BE $250, AND IQrgcE_337c-00043-00003520-00003526 IF NO BUTTON IS PRESENT, THE PRIZE AWARDED WILL BE $250, AND IQrgcE_337c-00044-00003526-00003580 IF NO BUTTON IS PRESENT, THE PRIZE AWARDED WILL BE $250, AND WE'LL HAVE CLUE NO. 2 TOMORROW IS4Y8_Puce0-00000-00000328-00000808 i've always felt that the thing that makes maybe the IS4Y8_Puce0-00001-00000808-00001159 kernel special is that the kernel never does anything on itself IS4Y8_Puce0-00002-00001159-00001696 that's kind of of all the programs you would have on a computer the kernel IS4Y8_Puce0-00003-00001696-00002152 stands alone in that sense that it never really it has no agenda it has IS4Y8_Puce0-00004-00002152-00002584 nothing that it tries to do and it really is at the mercy of all the IS4Y8_Puce0-00005-00002584-00002848 real programs actually do something for the user IS4Y8_Puce0-00006-00002848-00003296 and tries to help them do a better job so the kernel has always been IS4Y8_Puce0-00007-00003296-00003623 an issue of trying to solve the problems for others IS4Y8_Puce0-00008-00003623-00003952 it trying to solve its own problems or trying to IS4Y8_Puce0-00009-00003952-00004607 to do something special we me personally at least i see IS4Y8_Puce0-00010-00004607-00005207 okay what are the issues that users have with programs and what are IS4Y8_Puce0-00011-00005207-00005560 things that we in the kernel can help them do better IS4Y8_Puce0-00012-00005560-00005952 and that may be one reason why kernel IS4Y8_Puce0-00013-00005952-00006335 development is different from most other programs ISDrvXnJBKo-00000-00000000-00000603 We already see that military pressure on us will come from Poland, Lithuania, Latvia ISDrvXnJBKo-00001-00000603-00000995 and from the NATO troops, which are stationed there. ISDrvXnJBKo-00002-00000995-00001449 And by means of keeping up the escalation of combat operations in Ukraine. ISDrvXnJBKo-00003-00001449-00002139 Regretfully, a new direction has opened, a new front as they say, and we cannot neglect it. ISDrvXnJBKo-00004-00002139-00003331 We’ve already talked a bit about it. Back then the defense minister suggested opening a new operational command on the southern flank, in the southern direction of our country. ISDrvXnJBKo-00005-00003331-00003861 Back in 2021. Back then we understood that something had to be done ISDrvXnJBKo-00006-00003861-00004621 but time forced us so dynamically and promptly to immediately create this operational command. ISDrvXnJBKo-00007-00004621-00004982 There will be a southern wing in addition to the western one and the southwestern one. ISDrvXnJBKo-00008-00004982-00005852 Without even creating it today we have to take care of defending our southern borders fast, on-the-go. ISDrvXnJBKo-00009-00005852-00005975 You can see it. ISDrvXnJBKo-00010-00005975-00006722 A rotation is in progress of the armed forces, special operations forces (the western and northwestern directions), battalion tactical groups, ISDrvXnJBKo-00011-00006722-00007535 which according to my decision were sent to the south and now cover it together with border service troops. ISDrvXnJBKo-00012-00007535-00008367 There are mobile units of theirs at the border and most importantly battalion tactical groups. ISDrvXnJBKo-00013-00008367-00008759 We have to perform this rotation, it is my strict requirement, ISDrvXnJBKo-00014-00008759-00009132 and use it to "break in" our military personnel. ISDrvXnJBKo-00015-00009132-00009543 It is a condition of war time. But without a war for now. ISDrvXnJBKo-00016-00009543-00010224 I feel and get reports that the guys are behaving decently over there. ISDrvXnJBKo-00017-00010224-00011130 We also have to practice planning in these conditions. We have to make plans how we will act if a war happens, god forbid. IWRTrDFsGuY-00000-00000344-00000558 -Hello, good afternoon. -Good afternoon. Please, take a seat. IWRTrDFsGuY-00001-00000672-00001100 I’m Hugo Martins, I come from Esgueira Group of Schools IWRTrDFsGuY-00002-00001152-00001492 and I’m here to initiate my work-related training. IWRTrDFsGuY-00003-00001534-00001654 Could I speak to the manager? IWRTrDFsGuY-00004-00001704-00001968 Of course, I’ll call him right away. Just wait over there, please. IWRTrDFsGuY-00005-00002014-00002142 Thank you! IYe0hkch-_Q-00000-00000064-00000280 I’m Kazuya Otake from Nagoya university. IYe0hkch-_Q-00001-00000336-00000840 I’m going to talk about Tactile texture rendering for electrostatic friction displays: IYe0hkch-_Q-00002-00000840-00001264 Incorporation of low-frequency friction model and high-frequency textural model. IYe0hkch-_Q-00003-00001400-00001832 An electrostatic friction display controls the electrostatic attractive force between IYe0hkch-_Q-00004-00001832-00002336 the finger pad and the panel. It is suitable for presenting fine textures. IYe0hkch-_Q-00005-00002472-00002736 In previous data-driven models for rendering textures, IYe0hkch-_Q-00006-00002800-00003432 mainly the high-frequency textural components were used. However, since the low-frequency friction IYe0hkch-_Q-00007-00003432-00003968 component also contains the material information, both frequency components should be considered. IYe0hkch-_Q-00008-00004032-00004576 Our objective is to improve texture quality by combining two types of models to cover a wide IYe0hkch-_Q-00009-00004576-00005168 frequency range. One of them is a physical model for the low-frequency component, IYe0hkch-_Q-00010-00005240-00005640 and the other is a statistical model for the high-frequency textural component. IYe0hkch-_Q-00011-00005744-00006120 We measure the coefficient of friction while a finger slides on a texture. IYe0hkch-_Q-00012-00006184-00006808 Then, the coefficient of friction was divided into low- and high-frequency components. For example, IYe0hkch-_Q-00013-00006808-00007295 the left figure shows the coefficient of friction of denim. The central and IYe0hkch-_Q-00014-00007295-00007623 right ones show its low-frequency and high-frequency components. IYe0hkch-_Q-00015-00007720-00008264 The low-frequency friction component is rendered by a physical model, which responds to the finger IYe0hkch-_Q-00016-00008264-00008904 load and velocity. The high-frequency friction component is rendered by a statistical model, IYe0hkch-_Q-00017-00008904-00009408 auto-regressive model that preserves frequency characteristics of the coefficient of friction. IYe0hkch-_Q-00018-00009496-00010064 To compare the two stimulus conditions, we conducted a user study. We investigated whether IYe0hkch-_Q-00019-00010064-00010552 the combination of low- and high-frequency stimuli improves the quality of texture. IYe0hkch-_Q-00020-00010640-00011408 We compared two conditions: in one condition, low and high-frequency components were incorporated. IYe0hkch-_Q-00021-00011408-00012032 In another condition, only the low-frequency component was presented. The experiment was a IYe0hkch-_Q-00022-00012032-00012568 two-alternative task. Participants selected the more realistic stimulus from the two IYe0hkch-_Q-00023-00012568-00013216 stimulus conditions. Four types of materials, leather, cork, denim, and wood were tested. IYe0hkch-_Q-00024-00013288-00013808 This shows the mean proportions of participants’ answers and their 95% confidence interval. IYe0hkch-_Q-00025-00013896-00014432 Blue bar shows the proportions that the combined model was selected as more realistic. And IYe0hkch-_Q-00026-00014432-00014976 orange bar shows the proportions of friction model only. For cork and denim, the combined IYe0hkch-_Q-00027-00014976-00015519 model was preferred. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the two conditions IYe0hkch-_Q-00028-00015519-00016088 for the leather and wood. So, the effects of the method depend on the type of textures. IYe0hkch-_Q-00029-00016232-00016688 In summary, the combination of physical model for the low-frequency component IYe0hkch-_Q-00030-00016688-00017008 and statistic model for the high-frequency component IYe0hkch-_Q-00031-00017008-00017448 improved the realism of virtual textures. Thank you for listening! IZOTA7bKZR4-00000-00000001-00000105 (male narrator) In this video, IZOTA7bKZR4-00001-00000105-00000407 we will look at how we can multiply polynomials IZOTA7bKZR4-00002-00000407-00000606 with several terms. IZOTA7bKZR4-00003-00000606-00001007 As we do, we will focus mainly on trinomials. IZOTA7bKZR4-00004-00001007-00001208 We will find that multiplying trinomials IZOTA7bKZR4-00005-00001208-00001508 is just like multiplying binomials. IZOTA7bKZR4-00006-00001802-00002109 The only difference is we just have more terms. IZOTA7bKZR4-00007-00002502-00002707 So let's take a look at some examples IZOTA7bKZR4-00008-00002707-00003008 where we can follow the same patterns we had before IZOTA7bKZR4-00009-00003008-00003208 in order to multiply IZOTA7bKZR4-00010-00003208-00003700 our binomials and trinomials together. IZOTA7bKZR4-00011-00003805-00004109 Just as before, we'll start with the 2x term IZOTA7bKZR4-00012-00004109-00004508 and distribute it through the other parentheses: IZOTA7bKZR4-00013-00004508-00005208 2x times 3x squared is 6x cubed, adding the exponents; IZOTA7bKZR4-00014-00005402-00006004 2x times -5x is -10x squared. IZOTA7bKZR4-00015-00006205-00006808 Continuing to distribute, we have 2x times 1, which is 2x. IZOTA7bKZR4-00016-00007209-00007704 Now we can distribute the -4 through the other polynomial: IZOTA7bKZR4-00017-00007704-00008304 -4 times 3x squared is -12x squared; IZOTA7bKZR4-00018-00008504-00009904 -4 times -5x is +20x; finally, -4 times +1 is -4. IZOTA7bKZR4-00019-00010102-00010306 Once we have distributed each term IZOTA7bKZR4-00020-00010306-00010501 through the parentheses, IZOTA7bKZR4-00021-00010501-00011000 we will simply go back and see if we have any like terms. IZOTA7bKZR4-00022-00011000-00011300 There is no term like the 6x cubed. IZOTA7bKZR4-00023-00011509-00012100 The -10x squared is like the -12x squared. IZOTA7bKZR4-00024-00012209-00012609 This gives us -22x squared. IZOTA7bKZR4-00025-00013008-00013409 The 2x is like the 20x. IZOTA7bKZR4-00026-00013409-00013809 This gives us 22x. IZOTA7bKZR4-00027-00013809-00014207 Finally, the -4 at the end has no like term, IZOTA7bKZR4-00028-00014207-00014507 and we get our final solution. IZOTA7bKZR4-00029-00014800-00015004 Let's take a look at another example IZOTA7bKZR4-00030-00015004-00015208 where we have to distribute each term IZOTA7bKZR4-00031-00015208-00015701 all the way through the following polynomial. IZOTA7bKZR4-00032-00015701-00016005 In this example, we have a trinomial out front. IZOTA7bKZR4-00033-00016005-00016209 This means each of the three terms IZOTA7bKZR4-00034-00016209-00016508 will distribute through the second polynomial: IZOTA7bKZR4-00035-00016508-00017107 2x squared times 4x squared is 8x squared... IZOTA7bKZR4-00036-00017107-00017505 I'm sorry, 8x to the 4th, adding the exponents; IZOTA7bKZR4-00037-00017801-00018505 2x squared times -2x is -4x cubed; IZOTA7bKZR4-00038-00018505-00019208 2x squared times -6 is -12x squared. IZOTA7bKZR4-00039-00019406-00019901 Now we move to the second term--the -6x-- IZOTA7bKZR4-00040-00019901-00020205 and distribute it through the following polynomial: IZOTA7bKZR4-00041-00020205-00020808 -6x times 4x squared is -24x cubed; IZOTA7bKZR4-00042-00020808-00022205 -6x times -2x is +12x squared; -6x times -6 is +36x. IZOTA7bKZR4-00043-00022700-00022908 Now, we will distribute the 1 through: IZOTA7bKZR4-00044-00022908-00023405 1 times 4x squared is 4x squared; IZOTA7bKZR4-00045-00023405-00024503 1 times -2x is -2x; and 1 times 6 is -6. IZOTA7bKZR4-00046-00024503-00025001 We end up with lots of terms and almost no space. IZOTA7bKZR4-00047-00025001-00025207 The next step is the same. IZOTA7bKZR4-00048-00025207-00025600 We need to combine like terms. IZOTA7bKZR4-00049-00025600-00026000 There is no term like the 8x to the 4th: IZOTA7bKZR4-00050-00026301-00027204 -4x cubed and -24x cubed is -28x cubed; IZOTA7bKZR4-00051-00027204-00027806 the -12x squared, plus 12x squared, IZOTA7bKZR4-00052-00027806-00028402 plus 4x squared, is +4x squared; IZOTA7bKZR4-00053-00028701-00029504 36x is like the -2x, giving us 34x; IZOTA7bKZR4-00054-00029504-00029906 finally, -6 completes our problem. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00000-00000004-00000350 In this video, I'm going to show you how to easily loop music in Premiere Pro. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00001-00000367-00000713 This is the remakes. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00002-00000838-00000917 Oh, come on. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00003-00000917-00001130 Don't you remember one song used to do that back in the day? IbIiPOSjxTQ-00004-00001276-00001347 Hey, what's up, y'all? IbIiPOSjxTQ-00005-00001347-00001413 My name is Relly. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00006-00001413-00001714 And to help explain how to use the remix tool in Premiere Pro, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00007-00001718-00002060 I downloaded four songs from Epidemic Sound that are different genres IbIiPOSjxTQ-00008-00002077-00002348 just to show you that this really works for all types of music. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00009-00002364-00002585 The old way of looping your audio and Premiere Pro IbIiPOSjxTQ-00010-00002590-00002898 was setting your in and out point, dragging it to the timeline. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00011-00002898-00003194 And then duplicating or dragging a copy right beside it IbIiPOSjxTQ-00012-00003211-00003574 and listening over and over again to see if it loops perfectly. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00013-00003590-00004024 And then once it does, if it's not long enough, you then copy that entire section. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00014-00004066-00004295 However many times you need and so on. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00015-00004354-00004521 Or you just use Adobe Audition. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00016-00004521-00004629 That's also another option. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00017-00004629-00005080 But no, we're not doing any of that because this video is all about IbIiPOSjxTQ-00018-00005080-00005367 the remakes. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00019-00005372-00005676 Now, after you find the part of the song that you want to loop, drag IbIiPOSjxTQ-00020-00005676-00005951 that to the timeline, all you have to do is go over here, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00021-00005980-00006335 click and hold on the repo edit tool and click on the remix tool. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00022-00006393-00006715 The sound panel might open automatically, and if it does with the track selected, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00023-00006715-00006886 assign it to music IbIiPOSjxTQ-00024-00006886-00007165 with that selected, go to your music track and just click and drag IbIiPOSjxTQ-00025-00007165-00007398 the end of the clip to match whatever length you need it to be. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00026-00007432-00007699 In this case, I need it to be longer to match my clip. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00027-00007749-00008045 It updates super fast, which is just insane to me, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00028-00008070-00008220 and that's a plus or minus 5 seconds. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00029-00008220-00008412 So it might not match up perfectly to what you want. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00030-00008412-00008575 It just depends on the song you have. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00031-00008575-00008762 And if you change your mind, you can click IbIiPOSjxTQ-00032-00008762-00009063 and make it longer or shorter, and it will update just like that. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00033-00009063-00009396 It's like you click and drag and you release and then it will update. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00034-00009430-00009538 You click and drag again. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00035-00009538-00009813 Will update again. It's pretty good. It's what I'm trying to say. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00036-00009818-00010076 If you would rather type in the duration of the remix audio, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00037-00010076-00010360 then you can switch to the audio workspace by clicking up here. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00038-00010422-00010648 Click on the checkbox next to the duration, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00039-00010668-00010890 and then click and change the duration. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00040-00010890-00010998 Is that simple? IbIiPOSjxTQ-00041-00010998-00011073 These little jagged IbIiPOSjxTQ-00042-00011073-00011373 lines are where Premier looped it, and you can listen back to see IbIiPOSjxTQ-00043-00011403-00011728 if you like it or if you need to make any changes, anything like that. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00044-00011749-00012057 If you want to take it a little further, you can go back to the audio IbIiPOSjxTQ-00045-00012057-00012391 workspace and click the dropdown arrow right by customize. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00046-00012399-00012495 With these two sliders, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00047-00012495-00012891 you can have more or less segments in your remix and you can have premier IbIiPOSjxTQ-00048-00012891-00013196 focus on the melodic side or the harmonic side of things. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00049-00013225-00013363 It's really your personal preference. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00050-00013363-00013713 So with all that being said, here's a few remix tracks from Epidemic Sound IbIiPOSjxTQ-00051-00015607-00015928 First IbIiPOSjxTQ-00052-00019661-00019874 Now you're probably wondering or thinking to yourself, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00053-00019874-00020107 and before you go down there and comment, you're probably like, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00054-00020128-00020303 What about all the songs with lyrics and them? IbIiPOSjxTQ-00055-00020303-00020462 How do you know? Perfectly. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00056-00020462-00020524 I'm sorry. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00057-00020524-00020912 Actually, no one really sounds like that, but here are a few examples of the lyrics IbIiPOSjxTQ-00058-00020912-00021179 being looped, including you know, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00059-00021333-00021546 only etc. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00060-00021609-00021825 I love those. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00061-00021825-00022447 It was only love. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00062-00022597-00022756 The only thing I would say with songs, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00063-00022756-00023056 with lyrics, is you just have to make sure that the lyrics make sense. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00064-00023056-00023181 In the loop parts. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00065-00023181-00023477 Like if they're talking about stuff being orange and then all of a sudden IbIiPOSjxTQ-00066-00023477-00023782 they're talking about Taco Bell, it won't make sense. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00067-00023782-00024015 So you just got to pay attention to the lyrics and make sure they make sense IbIiPOSjxTQ-00068-00024049-00024424 As far as the remix tool in the looping, all of that and premier. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00069-00024461-00024733 I personally could see myself using this more often IbIiPOSjxTQ-00070-00024753-00025025 when I'm doing videos like this where I have a talking head shot IbIiPOSjxTQ-00071-00025025-00025229 and I just need background bad music IbIiPOSjxTQ-00072-00025229-00025613 in the background, and I would just loop that over and over and over again. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00073-00025633-00026222 So now, you know, a simple, quick, fast, rapid easy insert another synonym IbIiPOSjxTQ-00074-00026317-00026543 way to loop music in Premiere Pro, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00075-00026593-00027081 the remix tool, because this is the remake works. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00076-00027102-00027414 Hopefully this remix tool will help you edit faster in Premiere Pro, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00077-00027427-00027736 and if you don't see it, you might just need to update your premiere pro software. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00078-00027823-00028040 And if you don't see it after that, IbIiPOSjxTQ-00079-00028040-00028282 Unfortunately, I can't help you. I'm sorry. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00080-00028311-00028415 Thanks for watching this video. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00081-00028415-00028682 The thumbs up, Bill, and I appreciate all of you. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00082-00028724-00028887 I'll see you in the next one. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00083-00028933-00028958 Though. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00084-00028958-00029212 Remakes. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00085-00029241-00029542 I feel like I should be like on a radio show right now. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00086-00029554-00029754 Actually, I don't think I have the radio voice for it, but. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00087-00029758-00029958 Ooh, the remix. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00088-00029958-00030175 This is the remix. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00089-00030175-00030397 This is the remix. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00090-00030397-00030551 The remix. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00091-00030551-00030693 The remix. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00092-00030693-00030922 You are listening to the remix. IbIiPOSjxTQ-00093-00030930-00031443 It's the reboots IbIiPOSjxTQ-00094-00031602-00031639 by Jow6MTUtZho-00000-00000695-00000875 - Good morning. Jow6MTUtZho-00001-00000875-00001038 Welcome. Jow6MTUtZho-00002-00001038-00001399 We're gonna start by acknowledging the land. Jow6MTUtZho-00003-00001558-00001739 We acknowledge the land we are meeting on Jow6MTUtZho-00004-00001739-00002013 is the traditional territory of many nations, Jow6MTUtZho-00005-00002013-00002230 including the Mississauga of the Credit, Jow6MTUtZho-00006-00002230-00002484 the Anishnabeg, the Chippewa, the Haudenosaunee, Jow6MTUtZho-00007-00002484-00002698 and the Wyandot peoples, Jow6MTUtZho-00008-00002698-00002802 and is now home Jow6MTUtZho-00009-00002802-00003143 to many diverse First Nations, Inuit, and Metis peoples. Jow6MTUtZho-00010-00003232-00003484 We acknowledge that Toronto is covered Jow6MTUtZho-00011-00003484-00003869 by Treaty 13 with the Mississaugas of the Credit. Jow6MTUtZho-00012-00003869-00004001 The city of Toronto reports Jow6MTUtZho-00013-00004001-00004318 that agencies serving the Indigenous community in Toronto Jow6MTUtZho-00014-00004318-00004535 estimate that there are 70,000 residents Jow6MTUtZho-00015-00004535-00004703 from this community. Jow6MTUtZho-00016-00004703-00005080 Toronto has the largest indigenous population in Ontario Jow6MTUtZho-00017-00005080-00005245 and the fourth largest in Canada. Jow6MTUtZho-00018-00005375-00005624 This land acknowledgement reminds us Jow6MTUtZho-00019-00005624-00005965 that we benefit from living and working on this land Jow6MTUtZho-00020-00005965-00006298 that is the traditional territory of Indigenous peoples. Jow6MTUtZho-00021-00006298-00006525 We are accountable to these relationships, Jow6MTUtZho-00022-00006525-00006862 and we are grateful for access to the space in place Jow6MTUtZho-00023-00006862-00007002 in which we assembled today. Jow6MTUtZho-00024-00007578-00007665 - Good morning. Jow6MTUtZho-00025-00007754-00008143 Welcome to the Micro-certification Forum 2020 Jow6MTUtZho-00026-00008143-00008321 hosted by eCampusOntario. Jow6MTUtZho-00027-00008443-00008608 My name is Jamee Robinson. Jow6MTUtZho-00028-00008720-00009115 This is the third year we are hosting this event. Jow6MTUtZho-00029-00009115-00009393 This year is the largest, and I am confident Jow6MTUtZho-00030-00009393-00009699 that it will be even better than the previous. Jow6MTUtZho-00031-00009699-00010049 We are joined today by representatives from 35 Jow6MTUtZho-00032-00010049-00010349 of our member colleges and universities, Jow6MTUtZho-00033-00010349-00010500 the Ministry of Labor, Jow6MTUtZho-00034-00010500-00010786 the Ministry of Colleges and Universities, Jow6MTUtZho-00035-00010786-00011260 and more than 60 private sector and nonprofit organizations. Jow6MTUtZho-00036-00011367-00011828 In addition to those of you who are there with us in person, Jow6MTUtZho-00037-00011828-00012193 I'm pleased to welcome more than 100 other participants Jow6MTUtZho-00038-00012193-00012465 who are live streaming this event. Jow6MTUtZho-00039-00012465-00012620 Thank you all for coming. Jow6MTUtZho-00040-00012620-00012742 Let's get started. Jow6MTUtZho-00041-00012742-00012825 Lena? Jow6MTUtZho-00042-00013042-00013151 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-00043-00013151-00013234 - Oh yeah! Jow6MTUtZho-00044-00013736-00013977 So thank you all so much for coming. Jow6MTUtZho-00045-00013977-00014329 This is so wonderful to see all of your faces here Jow6MTUtZho-00046-00014329-00014525 in this beautiful space, Jow6MTUtZho-00047-00014525-00014821 which we are really grateful to be able to have access to. Jow6MTUtZho-00048-00014972-00015258 So when we look forward into the future Jow6MTUtZho-00049-00015258-00015622 of our learning, training, and skills recognition systems, Jow6MTUtZho-00050-00015622-00015816 what do we see? Jow6MTUtZho-00051-00015816-00016107 And more importantly, I always think, what do we hope for? Jow6MTUtZho-00052-00016452-00016881 At eCampusOntario, we think this is the shape of the future. Jow6MTUtZho-00053-00016881-00017051 This is the T-shaped graduate Jow6MTUtZho-00054-00017051-00017285 and we use this image all the time Jow6MTUtZho-00055-00017285-00017550 when we're having these kinds of conversations. Jow6MTUtZho-00056-00017550-00017918 This is a student who has acquired deep domain knowledge Jow6MTUtZho-00057-00017918-00018175 in her discipline through a degree, a diploma, Jow6MTUtZho-00058-00018175-00018311 or a certificate. Jow6MTUtZho-00059-00018311-00018467 She has a strong understanding Jow6MTUtZho-00060-00018467-00018735 of the history of scholarship that preceded her, Jow6MTUtZho-00061-00018735-00019042 and how her discipline is evolving today. Jow6MTUtZho-00062-00019042-00019327 She knows where the gaps are in the research Jow6MTUtZho-00063-00019327-00019621 and how further inquiry might fill them. Jow6MTUtZho-00064-00019621-00019839 But she also has a really unique set Jow6MTUtZho-00065-00019839-00020047 of cross domain skills and attitudes Jow6MTUtZho-00066-00020047-00020236 that are gonna differentiate her Jow6MTUtZho-00067-00020236-00020529 when she goes for her first job interview. Jow6MTUtZho-00068-00020529-00020913 Both the horizontal and the vertical planes Jow6MTUtZho-00069-00020913-00021156 are critical to the future of work. Jow6MTUtZho-00070-00021156-00021390 So if we know that this might be an end goal Jow6MTUtZho-00071-00021390-00021672 that we wanna see, how do we get there? Jow6MTUtZho-00072-00021921-00022243 We start by learning, as a community, Jow6MTUtZho-00073-00022243-00022510 how to recognize the same signals of change Jow6MTUtZho-00074-00022510-00022931 and to become open and responsive to new perspectives Jow6MTUtZho-00075-00022931-00023214 and new solutions that might address them. Jow6MTUtZho-00076-00023404-00023593 And we know these challenges Jow6MTUtZho-00077-00023593-00023890 are not solved by a single sector, Jow6MTUtZho-00078-00023890-00024311 a single organization, a single institution. Jow6MTUtZho-00079-00024311-00024701 The issues are far too complex and they change too quickly Jow6MTUtZho-00080-00024701-00025002 for those kinds of strategies to ever work. Jow6MTUtZho-00081-00025002-00025302 So instead, we think it's the collective intelligence Jow6MTUtZho-00082-00025302-00025748 of a network shared openly and with good intention Jow6MTUtZho-00083-00025748-00026005 that will allow our systems of learning recognition Jow6MTUtZho-00084-00026005-00026433 to grow and evolve alongside the economic and social changes Jow6MTUtZho-00085-00026433-00026598 that we see happening every day. Jow6MTUtZho-00086-00026882-00027323 So please consider this event one of many entry points Jow6MTUtZho-00087-00027323-00027554 into the conversation about skills recognition Jow6MTUtZho-00088-00027554-00027685 and the future of work. Jow6MTUtZho-00089-00027685-00028001 You've got a incredible array of opportunities Jow6MTUtZho-00090-00028001-00028177 to engage in these conversations Jow6MTUtZho-00091-00028177-00028360 coming at you from all over the place, Jow6MTUtZho-00092-00028360-00028737 and we encourage you to dive in to all of them. Jow6MTUtZho-00093-00028829-00029014 Do your best at this event Jow6MTUtZho-00094-00029014-00029179 to have a conversation with someone Jow6MTUtZho-00095-00029179-00029465 from an organization that you have never heard of. Jow6MTUtZho-00096-00029550-00029814 Ask them how they see the issue Jow6MTUtZho-00097-00029814-00030108 and ask them what they think might be the best way forward. Jow6MTUtZho-00098-00030443-00030760 This event is designed with diverse perspectives in mind. Jow6MTUtZho-00099-00030760-00031066 The first half of the day is all about big picture thinking, Jow6MTUtZho-00100-00031066-00031262 and we have three keynotes for you Jow6MTUtZho-00101-00031262-00031573 from three different corners of the landscape Jow6MTUtZho-00102-00031573-00031862 to help provoke some interesting questions Jow6MTUtZho-00103-00031862-00032049 about where we go next. Jow6MTUtZho-00104-00032049-00032235 The afternoon is your chance to see Jow6MTUtZho-00105-00032235-00032533 what micro-certification looks like in practice. Jow6MTUtZho-00106-00032533-00032897 We have 14 institutions and industry partners Jow6MTUtZho-00107-00032897-00033130 ready here to deliver presentations Jow6MTUtZho-00108-00033130-00033466 about their micro-certification pilot activities Jow6MTUtZho-00109-00033466-00033716 that have been taking place over the last couple of months, Jow6MTUtZho-00110-00033716-00033923 and those presentations will happen in this space Jow6MTUtZho-00111-00033923-00034183 and they will also happen in the room down the hall. Jow6MTUtZho-00112-00034605-00034958 All of these pilot projects have been using Jow6MTUtZho-00113-00034958-00035152 the eCampusOntario Micro-Certification Jow6MTUtZho-00114-00035152-00035573 Principles and Framework as a starting point for their work. Jow6MTUtZho-00115-00035573-00035708 You can find these principles Jow6MTUtZho-00116-00035708-00035969 and framework documents on your tables, Jow6MTUtZho-00117-00035969-00036146 on all the tables and all the rooms, Jow6MTUtZho-00118-00036146-00036380 and also at our booth there. Jow6MTUtZho-00119-00036380-00036717 And if you're interested in adopting these principles Jow6MTUtZho-00120-00036717-00036972 for your next micro-certification project, Jow6MTUtZho-00121-00036972-00037210 we set up an adoption forum on our website, Jow6MTUtZho-00122-00037210-00037431 and that link will also be shared with you Jow6MTUtZho-00123-00037431-00037646 in a follow-up email after the event. Jow6MTUtZho-00124-00037646-00037903 So check it out, have a think about it, Jow6MTUtZho-00125-00037903-00038123 and see whether it might be helpful for you. Jow6MTUtZho-00126-00038357-00038763 Before Jamee introduces our next keynote, our first keynote, Jow6MTUtZho-00127-00038763-00039246 we have three, I have two things I wanna keep you in mind. Jow6MTUtZho-00128-00039246-00039386 Jamee mentioned we have hundreds Jow6MTUtZho-00129-00039386-00039594 of people joining us virtually, Jow6MTUtZho-00130-00039594-00039799 and so, there are two things I need you to do. Jow6MTUtZho-00131-00039799-00039968 If you are active on Twitter, Jow6MTUtZho-00132-00039968-00040272 I want you to join them in the online conversation Jow6MTUtZho-00133-00040272-00040473 that I hope they're having, Jow6MTUtZho-00134-00040473-00040833 using the #Microcert2020, Jow6MTUtZho-00135-00040833-00041111 and that's the eCampusOntario handle in there as well. Jow6MTUtZho-00136-00041268-00041457 And when our when our keynotes go to q&a, Jow6MTUtZho-00137-00041457-00041686 we need you to use the microphone. Jow6MTUtZho-00138-00041686-00041876 And this is really important for two reasons. Jow6MTUtZho-00139-00041876-00042084 First, accessibility. Jow6MTUtZho-00140-00042084-00042455 Second, we have hundreds of people on the livestream Jow6MTUtZho-00141-00042455-00042587 that are not gonna hear your question Jow6MTUtZho-00142-00042587-00042779 if you don't use the microphone. Jow6MTUtZho-00143-00042779-00042983 So we have wonderful mic runners from eCampusOntario Jow6MTUtZho-00144-00042983-00043310 on either side of the room who will be at your side Jow6MTUtZho-00145-00043310-00043653 if you have a sudden moment of inspiration. Jow6MTUtZho-00146-00043653-00043970 So, now, over to Jamee to introduce our first keynote. Jow6MTUtZho-00147-00043970-00044053 Thank you! Jow6MTUtZho-00148-00044143-00044443 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-00149-00044870-00045182 - Our first keynote speaker is Kathleen Delaski. Jow6MTUtZho-00150-00045295-00045513 Kathleen is from Washington, D.C. Jow6MTUtZho-00151-00045513-00045877 where she's president of the Education Design Lab, Jow6MTUtZho-00152-00045877-00046123 an organization she founded after eight years Jow6MTUtZho-00153-00046123-00046356 on the board of George Mason University. Jow6MTUtZho-00154-00046463-00046664 A social entrepreneur, Jow6MTUtZho-00155-00046664-00047089 Kathleen has extensive experience in nonprofit leadership. Jow6MTUtZho-00156-00047089-00047342 She's been involved in launching organizations Jow6MTUtZho-00157-00047342-00047737 that focus on improving the quality of education Jow6MTUtZho-00158-00047737-00048141 for non-elite students for more than 20 years. Jow6MTUtZho-00159-00048242-00048595 The Education Design Lab has supported some 60 universities Jow6MTUtZho-00160-00048595-00049057 to identify education models that improve opportunities Jow6MTUtZho-00161-00049057-00049317 for underserved learners. Jow6MTUtZho-00162-00049317-00049605 Please join me in welcoming Kathleen. Jow6MTUtZho-00163-00049605-00049905 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-00164-00050295-00050395 - Oh. - Sure. Jow6MTUtZho-00165-00050536-00050619 - Let's see. Jow6MTUtZho-00166-00050619-00050719 I just wanna get familiar with the clicker. Jow6MTUtZho-00167-00050719-00050900 Thank you so much for having me. Jow6MTUtZho-00168-00050900-00051247 I was very excited to come to Toronto. Jow6MTUtZho-00169-00051247-00051595 I live in Washington, D.C. where the lab is based. Jow6MTUtZho-00170-00051595-00051704 We work around the world Jow6MTUtZho-00171-00051704-00051948 but I was excited to come to Toronto Jow6MTUtZho-00172-00051948-00052177 because you all really have, Jow6MTUtZho-00173-00052177-00052384 I think I was thinking about it this morning Jow6MTUtZho-00174-00052384-00052608 as I was meeting people from all walks here, Jow6MTUtZho-00175-00052608-00052880 you have a very unique collaborative Jow6MTUtZho-00176-00052880-00053228 that is really focused around Jow6MTUtZho-00177-00053228-00053548 how to think about the T-shaped graduate for the future. Jow6MTUtZho-00178-00053548-00053794 I don't see collaboratives like this Jow6MTUtZho-00179-00053794-00054048 in our travels around the world. Jow6MTUtZho-00180-00054132-00054303 In the States, for example, Jow6MTUtZho-00181-00054629-00054910 they're not collections where employers are at the table Jow6MTUtZho-00182-00055001-00055384 and colleges and government are at the table. Jow6MTUtZho-00183-00055384-00055484 It just doesn't exist. Jow6MTUtZho-00184-00055484-00055655 We're trying to get there Jow6MTUtZho-00185-00055655-00056019 in support of the cause. Jow6MTUtZho-00186-00056270-00056550 We're not there yet in many places so I was very excited. Jow6MTUtZho-00187-00056550-00056949 You all really are in the driver's seat Jow6MTUtZho-00188-00056949-00057242 to show us what can be possible. Jow6MTUtZho-00189-00057639-00057732 So let me start out Jow6MTUtZho-00190-00057732-00057964 by painting a little picture of the future Jow6MTUtZho-00191-00057964-00058176 because part of our role the lab Jow6MTUtZho-00192-00058176-00058487 is to help people look around the corner at what's coming, Jow6MTUtZho-00193-00058487-00058679 and how to think about that Jow6MTUtZho-00194-00058679-00059063 on behalf of what we call new majority learners, Jow6MTUtZho-00195-00059063-00059242 so the kind of learners that are not Jow6MTUtZho-00196-00059396-00059692 getting all of the advantages of technology, Jow6MTUtZho-00197-00059692-00060192 and learning science, and the new economy, Jow6MTUtZho-00198-00060272-00060647 the creative economy that has created so many opportunities. Jow6MTUtZho-00199-00060647-00061029 So imagine a world without resumes. Jow6MTUtZho-00200-00061029-00061254 We're all very comfortable with resumes. Jow6MTUtZho-00201-00061366-00061653 Yes, we're starting to put resumes online. Jow6MTUtZho-00202-00061653-00061919 But if you think about the kinds of collections Jow6MTUtZho-00203-00061919-00062107 of things that are on a resume, Jow6MTUtZho-00204-00062107-00062461 you're ranging from your grade point average, Jow6MTUtZho-00205-00062461-00062880 to your major, to your list of activities, Jow6MTUtZho-00206-00062880-00063151 those things employers are increasingly telling us Jow6MTUtZho-00207-00063289-00063403 are not cutting it Jow6MTUtZho-00208-00063403-00063754 to help them either differentiate candidates Jow6MTUtZho-00209-00063897-00064224 or sort through all of the factors Jow6MTUtZho-00210-00064224-00064434 that they need to sort through these days. Jow6MTUtZho-00211-00064570-00064714 That was Stephanie's resume. Jow6MTUtZho-00212-00064714-00064927 Think about a world where Stephanie now Jow6MTUtZho-00213-00064927-00065292 has to impress anonymous search filters Jow6MTUtZho-00214-00065292-00065486 to get to the interview stage. Jow6MTUtZho-00215-00065486-00065641 In our work with employers, Jow6MTUtZho-00216-00065641-00065952 they are telling us that the pain point for hiring now Jow6MTUtZho-00217-00065952-00066074 is that they're getting, Jow6MTUtZho-00218-00066074-00066302 because of e-applications Jow6MTUtZho-00219-00066302-00066591 and your ability to click on LinkedIn Jow6MTUtZho-00220-00066591-00066870 or anywhere just to apply for a job, Jow6MTUtZho-00221-00066870-00067080 they're just being inundated with resumes Jow6MTUtZho-00222-00067080-00067580 and they are not able to use human touch Jow6MTUtZho-00223-00067631-00067875 to sort through them so they're having to make decisions Jow6MTUtZho-00224-00067875-00068105 based on anonymous search filters. Jow6MTUtZho-00225-00068197-00068437 As you know, it's moving even to a different stage. Jow6MTUtZho-00226-00068437-00068694 Soon, we could debate how soon, Jow6MTUtZho-00227-00068694-00069085 but we'll move to a different stage where we'll be using AI Jow6MTUtZho-00228-00069085-00069324 but for now and for the foreseeable future, Jow6MTUtZho-00229-00069324-00069447 it's really search filters, Jow6MTUtZho-00230-00069447-00069700 so how do we help Stephanie Jow6MTUtZho-00231-00069700-00069925 make sure that she is digitally visible? Jow6MTUtZho-00232-00070256-00070420 Make sure my clicker is... Jow6MTUtZho-00233-00070561-00070832 Obviously, you all are very well aware of badging. Jow6MTUtZho-00234-00070832-00071252 So, Stephanie can have a collaboration badge Jow6MTUtZho-00235-00071252-00071512 that helps demonstrate some of the things Jow6MTUtZho-00236-00071512-00071691 that used to be on her activities list Jow6MTUtZho-00237-00071691-00071858 or that she learned in courses, Jow6MTUtZho-00238-00071858-00072358 and I don't know if you can see the specific pieces on here Jow6MTUtZho-00239-00072422-00072922 but can we convert Stephanie's resume into searchable terms Jow6MTUtZho-00240-00073141-00073482 that begin to make her much more visible to employers, Jow6MTUtZho-00241-00073482-00073736 not just at the level of the word collaboration, Jow6MTUtZho-00242-00073736-00073978 but all the way down to the specifics Jow6MTUtZho-00243-00073978-00074243 of what are the subcompetencies, what does that mean? Jow6MTUtZho-00244-00074377-00074781 That begins to give Stephanie a lot more visibility Jow6MTUtZho-00245-00074781-00074961 as she goes into the hiring market Jow6MTUtZho-00246-00074961-00075325 for the skills that she may not even know she needs. Jow6MTUtZho-00247-00075325-00075693 We see that as part of the role of higher education Jow6MTUtZho-00248-00075693-00075943 to begin to help make her visible. Jow6MTUtZho-00249-00076046-00076226 We also see the collection Jow6MTUtZho-00250-00076326-00076752 of those micro-credentials or micro-certifications, Jow6MTUtZho-00251-00076752-00076930 because they don't have to be badges Jow6MTUtZho-00252-00076930-00077174 as long as they're visible digitally, Jow6MTUtZho-00253-00077264-00077583 we see a lot of interest Jow6MTUtZho-00254-00077583-00077799 and we're seeing early success Jow6MTUtZho-00255-00077799-00078057 in what we're calling micro-pathways, Jow6MTUtZho-00256-00078057-00078258 and a lot of work is starting to happen Jow6MTUtZho-00257-00078258-00078424 to get people to think about Jow6MTUtZho-00258-00078424-00078814 how to put collections of micro-certifications together Jow6MTUtZho-00259-00078814-00079178 to help people get to that next level of job. Jow6MTUtZho-00260-00079178-00079366 If we can look at the skills they have, Jow6MTUtZho-00261-00079366-00079498 how do we get them to the next level? Jow6MTUtZho-00262-00079498-00079681 So this is actually a picture Jow6MTUtZho-00263-00079681-00079847 of a group that we're working with. Jow6MTUtZho-00264-00079847-00080228 We're working with Goodwill in San Antonio, Texas, Jow6MTUtZho-00265-00080366-00080559 Walmart is funding this project, Jow6MTUtZho-00266-00080559-00080707 and we're actually able Jow6MTUtZho-00267-00080707-00081021 to take certifications for logistics, Jow6MTUtZho-00268-00081021-00081185 so it is concerned about automation. Jow6MTUtZho-00269-00081185-00081624 We're taking certifications for logistics and coupling them Jow6MTUtZho-00270-00081624-00081840 with 21st century skill badges Jow6MTUtZho-00271-00081998-00082498 and helping design pathways that workers can do on the job. Jow6MTUtZho-00272-00082644-00082903 So they're given half a day a week Jow6MTUtZho-00273-00082903-00083014 to work on these skills Jow6MTUtZho-00274-00083014-00083287 and we're seeing really early success results. Jow6MTUtZho-00275-00083287-00083468 And so, a lot of the work then is Jow6MTUtZho-00276-00083468-00083841 how do you make these micro-pathways visible to employers, Jow6MTUtZho-00277-00083841-00084129 the ones that work and that correspond Jow6MTUtZho-00278-00084129-00084287 to what the data is telling us, Jow6MTUtZho-00279-00084287-00084535 the high-skill needs are in regions, Jow6MTUtZho-00280-00084535-00084696 how do we put all that together? Jow6MTUtZho-00281-00084821-00085199 We see this as the work, some of the work ahead of us. Jow6MTUtZho-00282-00085360-00085647 Employers are warming up to micro-credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-00283-00085647-00085889 and we'll hear from IBM next Jow6MTUtZho-00284-00085889-00086088 and you can hear more about that, Jow6MTUtZho-00285-00086088-00086450 but we see this is a study from a year ago Jow6MTUtZho-00286-00086450-00086948 that was mostly U.S. employers, Jow6MTUtZho-00287-00086948-00087328 but they are beginning to see the value Jow6MTUtZho-00288-00087328-00087511 for two things, really. Jow6MTUtZho-00289-00087511-00088011 One is an ability to come more quickly Jow6MTUtZho-00290-00088155-00088535 to finding a bigger hiring pool around very specific things, Jow6MTUtZho-00291-00088535-00088769 but they're also pretty desperate Jow6MTUtZho-00292-00088769-00089005 to find both the human skills Jow6MTUtZho-00293-00089005-00089176 that go with the technical skills Jow6MTUtZho-00294-00089267-00089590 that they already know how to track. Jow6MTUtZho-00295-00089590-00089747 They know how to ask for those, Jow6MTUtZho-00296-00089747-00090120 but it's the more intangibles that have been difficult. Jow6MTUtZho-00297-00090388-00090748 This should hopefully give you a little sense. Jow6MTUtZho-00298-00090748-00090909 This is from a survey that we did Jow6MTUtZho-00299-00090909-00091320 of some 30 employer partners that we're working with Jow6MTUtZho-00300-00091320-00091525 and one project called Badge to Hire. Jow6MTUtZho-00301-00091856-00092042 Those employers think Jow6MTUtZho-00302-00092042-00092463 that these micro-certifications and micro-credentials Jow6MTUtZho-00303-00092463-00092800 will become as important as degree Jow6MTUtZho-00304-00092800-00093187 as soon as we can figure out how to make them rigorous Jow6MTUtZho-00305-00093187-00093620 and also visible to employers Jow6MTUtZho-00306-00093620-00093782 'cause that's been an issue as well. Jow6MTUtZho-00307-00093782-00094098 And interestingly, there were no employers Jow6MTUtZho-00308-00094098-00094598 who didn't want to explore new approaches for hiring tools. Jow6MTUtZho-00309-00094884-00095312 This is an example of a quote Jow6MTUtZho-00310-00095312-00095572 from one of the employers who really feels. Jow6MTUtZho-00311-00095656-00095842 We're working in Maine, with the state of Maine, Jow6MTUtZho-00312-00095842-00096200 and this employer felt that potential applicants, Jow6MTUtZho-00313-00096291-00096459 this really will help differentiate, Jow6MTUtZho-00314-00096459-00096655 they're working on badging with us. Jow6MTUtZho-00315-00096655-00097061 In fact, the University of Maine system is adopting Jow6MTUtZho-00316-00097061-00097242 the badging framework that we've come up with Jow6MTUtZho-00317-00097242-00097498 that I'll say a bit more about in a minute. Jow6MTUtZho-00318-00097498-00097873 So the point here is that colleges and universities Jow6MTUtZho-00319-00097873-00098065 really have to unlock degrees. Jow6MTUtZho-00320-00098206-00098364 That's not gonna come as a surprise Jow6MTUtZho-00321-00098364-00098554 to anyone in this room probably, Jow6MTUtZho-00322-00098554-00098921 but there are many ways to do that. Jow6MTUtZho-00323-00098921-00099210 I'm gonna spend a chunk of this talk Jow6MTUtZho-00324-00099210-00099415 actually giving some suggestions on that. Jow6MTUtZho-00325-00099632-00099768 It has been a wake-up call, really, Jow6MTUtZho-00326-00099768-00099992 and I think even in the last year, Jow6MTUtZho-00327-00099992-00100361 we are hearing more and more of colleges and universities Jow6MTUtZho-00328-00100361-00100469 coming to the table to say, Jow6MTUtZho-00329-00100469-00100845 okay, yes, we have to break down our degrees Jow6MTUtZho-00330-00100845-00101157 into micro-pathways and individual certifications Jow6MTUtZho-00331-00101157-00101563 and still offer degrees, but in stackable fashion. Jow6MTUtZho-00332-00101563-00101727 And I'd be interested in the q&a Jow6MTUtZho-00333-00101727-00101922 to hear whether you're seeing that too. Jow6MTUtZho-00334-00102111-00102333 So just a word about the lab. Jow6MTUtZho-00335-00102333-00102809 We've worked with 125 institutions around the country. Jow6MTUtZho-00336-00102809-00102942 I'm sorry. Jow6MTUtZho-00337-00102942-00103083 We started out U.S.-based Jow6MTUtZho-00338-00103083-00103358 but doing a fair amount of work in Africa now Jow6MTUtZho-00339-00103358-00103548 and some in Southeast Asia. Jow6MTUtZho-00340-00103640-00104033 We really see three, what we call design criteria, Jow6MTUtZho-00341-00104033-00104343 'cause we use design thinking in our work, Jow6MTUtZho-00342-00104457-00104875 affordability, portability, and relevance. Jow6MTUtZho-00343-00104875-00105255 Five, six years ago, when we named these three Jow6MTUtZho-00344-00105255-00105553 as paramount in our design work, Jow6MTUtZho-00345-00105688-00106005 at the time, people were sort of like, why those? Jow6MTUtZho-00346-00106005-00106451 But increasingly, that's where the market demand has gone, Jow6MTUtZho-00347-00106451-00106677 and I'm sure you're seeing that too. Jow6MTUtZho-00348-00106866-00107194 We try to get the folks that we work with Jow6MTUtZho-00349-00107194-00107440 to think about putting the learner first. Jow6MTUtZho-00350-00107440-00107523 And that, again, Jow6MTUtZho-00351-00107705-00107980 is something that you're probably doing and have been doing. Jow6MTUtZho-00352-00107980-00108073 But it's really interesting Jow6MTUtZho-00353-00108073-00108558 when you try to break down the silos and think about how, Jow6MTUtZho-00354-00108558-00108756 if higher education was not designed Jow6MTUtZho-00355-00108756-00109093 for the learner groups that are on this slide, Jow6MTUtZho-00356-00109220-00109507 if you really looked at it through that lens, Jow6MTUtZho-00357-00109507-00109691 how would you design differently? Jow6MTUtZho-00358-00109691-00109881 So we'll talk a little bit about that. Jow6MTUtZho-00359-00109993-00110368 But we think it's really a time of great disruption. Jow6MTUtZho-00360-00110526-00111026 I started the lab because we all saw this disruption coming Jow6MTUtZho-00361-00111030-00111324 in the form of startups trying to figure out Jow6MTUtZho-00362-00111324-00111593 who's gonna be the Uber of higher education, Jow6MTUtZho-00363-00111593-00111734 who's gonna get there first Jow6MTUtZho-00364-00112019-00112519 to try to just offer you Amazon-style courses in a box. Jow6MTUtZho-00365-00112614-00112735 There was an article mentioned Jow6MTUtZho-00366-00112735-00112873 in The New York Times yesterday Jow6MTUtZho-00367-00112873-00113115 about subscription models for education Jow6MTUtZho-00368-00113115-00113349 where you're paying $99 a month Jow6MTUtZho-00369-00113349-00113569 and you just get your micro-creds Jow6MTUtZho-00370-00113569-00113691 and you do whatever you want. Jow6MTUtZho-00371-00113691-00113974 This was the vision that started formulating Jow6MTUtZho-00372-00114164-00114491 in 2012, '13 as mooks were coming out, right? Jow6MTUtZho-00373-00114491-00114852 But now, employers are coming to the table Jow6MTUtZho-00374-00114956-00115122 for a variety of reasons. Jow6MTUtZho-00375-00115490-00115753 There's a lot of possibility to really pilot. Jow6MTUtZho-00376-00115753-00116127 So we try to pilot things to really show proof points. Jow6MTUtZho-00377-00116127-00116343 And we call this time the Learner Revolution Jow6MTUtZho-00378-00116343-00116584 because we see if we get it right, Jow6MTUtZho-00379-00116584-00116760 learners will be empowered, Jow6MTUtZho-00380-00116760-00116924 all kinds of learners will be empowered. Jow6MTUtZho-00381-00116924-00117164 If we get it wrong, we're gonna harden the lines Jow6MTUtZho-00382-00117298-00117561 that are already demonstrating the possibility Jow6MTUtZho-00383-00117561-00117934 of dire consequences society and economically. Jow6MTUtZho-00384-00118294-00118760 This is a study from Strada's Institute of Future of Work Jow6MTUtZho-00385-00118760-00119002 which really plays on Lena's slide Jow6MTUtZho-00386-00119002-00119196 for the T-shaped individual. Jow6MTUtZho-00387-00119339-00119667 What the data is suggesting is that you will have, Jow6MTUtZho-00388-00119667-00120132 over the course of your career, eight or nine jobs. Jow6MTUtZho-00389-00120132-00120310 But you can see the T's here, right? Jow6MTUtZho-00390-00120310-00120481 Maybe they look more like icicles. Jow6MTUtZho-00391-00120840-00120964 This is the notion Jow6MTUtZho-00392-00120964-00121161 that you'll always need the universal skills Jow6MTUtZho-00393-00121161-00121590 but the technical skills that come down from here Jow6MTUtZho-00394-00121590-00121816 will change over the course of your life. Jow6MTUtZho-00395-00121903-00122201 We need ways as higher education Jow6MTUtZho-00396-00122201-00122459 to be able to help people re-skill and up-skill Jow6MTUtZho-00397-00122689-00122950 on the technical stems, Jow6MTUtZho-00398-00122950-00123250 but always get better on what we call the universal Jow6MTUtZho-00399-00123250-00123450 or the power or the human skills. Jow6MTUtZho-00400-00123450-00123716 So that's something to think about. Jow6MTUtZho-00401-00123716-00123820 We imagine a world Jow6MTUtZho-00402-00123820-00124213 and we wrote a white paper about this a year ago Jow6MTUtZho-00403-00124213-00124379 about the learner revolution Jow6MTUtZho-00404-00124559-00124960 where colleges and financial aid resources Jow6MTUtZho-00405-00124960-00125231 will be approving competencies. Jow6MTUtZho-00406-00125231-00125592 So we'll move to a competencies, not degrees world Jow6MTUtZho-00407-00125592-00125721 where you may be able Jow6MTUtZho-00408-00125721-00126064 to earn different kinds of competencies to get to the point Jow6MTUtZho-00409-00126253-00126670 that have nothing to do with a major or a degree or course. Jow6MTUtZho-00410-00126760-00127096 And that we're also seeing Jow6MTUtZho-00411-00127096-00127542 some really interesting data mining going on Jow6MTUtZho-00412-00127542-00127870 that's helping us get to a precision skill level. Jow6MTUtZho-00413-00127870-00128004 The data is getting better. Jow6MTUtZho-00414-00128004-00128504 So this slide is also from a Strada's Institute of Work, Jow6MTUtZho-00415-00128538-00128778 new report that came out that I recommend to you all Jow6MTUtZho-00416-00128778-00128861 if you haven't seen it. Jow6MTUtZho-00417-00128861-00129102 It's called The New Geography of Skills Jow6MTUtZho-00418-00129102-00129480 that looks at what they call skill shapes regionally. Jow6MTUtZho-00419-00129480-00129785 This suggests that in three different cities, Jow6MTUtZho-00420-00129785-00130285 the needs for manufacturing and advanced manufacturing Jow6MTUtZho-00421-00130341-00130651 might be very different in terms of the specific skillsets Jow6MTUtZho-00422-00130651-00130882 that are needed from one city to the next Jow6MTUtZho-00423-00130882-00131047 or one region to the next, Jow6MTUtZho-00424-00131047-00131185 and there are these data companies Jow6MTUtZho-00425-00131185-00131451 like Emsi and Burning Glass Jow6MTUtZho-00426-00131573-00131935 that are helping communities figure out Jow6MTUtZho-00427-00131935-00132193 what do our skill shapes look like as a region, Jow6MTUtZho-00428-00132193-00132470 and how do we need to show opportunity? Jow6MTUtZho-00429-00132470-00132558 We're also doing work Jow6MTUtZho-00430-00132558-00132808 with the Federal Reserve Banks across the U.S. Jow6MTUtZho-00431-00132907-00133138 that are helping us identify Jow6MTUtZho-00432-00133138-00133372 what are called opportunity occupations, Jow6MTUtZho-00433-00133372-00133569 where you might just need one or two skills Jow6MTUtZho-00434-00133569-00133768 to get to a middle wage Jow6MTUtZho-00435-00133768-00133970 and earn a middle wage salary. Jow6MTUtZho-00436-00133970-00134145 So we're identifying, well, which are those Jow6MTUtZho-00437-00134145-00134345 and how do we get the word out Jow6MTUtZho-00438-00134345-00134579 to the university and college community, Jow6MTUtZho-00439-00134579-00134902 how do we help them create the micro-pathways to get there? Jow6MTUtZho-00440-00134902-00135088 That's one of the interesting places Jow6MTUtZho-00441-00135232-00135409 that the work is heading. Jow6MTUtZho-00442-00135409-00135623 So I wanted to give you four, Jow6MTUtZho-00443-00135623-00135845 what I see from the higher ed standpoint, Jow6MTUtZho-00444-00135845-00136038 you're gonna hear from other perspectives, Jow6MTUtZho-00445-00136038-00136307 but from the perspective of where from where you sit Jow6MTUtZho-00446-00136307-00136756 if you are higher-ed, higher education providers, Jow6MTUtZho-00447-00136756-00136952 what are your four imperatives Jow6MTUtZho-00448-00136952-00137203 for what we call the Learner Revolution? Jow6MTUtZho-00449-00137203-00137412 So I list them all here Jow6MTUtZho-00450-00137412-00137694 and then I wanna make sure that we can get through them Jow6MTUtZho-00451-00137807-00138086 'cause I'm gonna take each through in turn. Jow6MTUtZho-00452-00138086-00138453 So the first one is really to recognize Jow6MTUtZho-00453-00138453-00138827 that 95% of learning happens outside the classroom, Jow6MTUtZho-00454-00138827-00139075 and that beyond the classroom Jow6MTUtZho-00455-00139075-00139506 to capture, assess, and credential that learning, Jow6MTUtZho-00456-00139506-00139644 and to make it machine-readable Jow6MTUtZho-00457-00139644-00139750 to the point we made earlier. Jow6MTUtZho-00458-00139750-00139978 That is probably job one. Jow6MTUtZho-00459-00140178-00140358 The Education Design Lab, Jow6MTUtZho-00460-00140358-00140624 we work across many areas but the area Jow6MTUtZho-00461-00140915-00141164 where we've really turned into a product laboratory Jow6MTUtZho-00462-00141164-00141358 is around 21st century skills. Jow6MTUtZho-00463-00141358-00141715 So we have launched actually a first in OER toolkit Jow6MTUtZho-00464-00141888-00142388 of these 21st century skills, their badges. Jow6MTUtZho-00465-00142424-00142627 People are offering them for a credit Jow6MTUtZho-00466-00142627-00142816 or two credits sometimes. Jow6MTUtZho-00467-00142816-00143229 What we've learned in doing that work is that, really, Jow6MTUtZho-00468-00143229-00143510 when you're asking a learner Jow6MTUtZho-00469-00143694-00143949 to have an experiential learning experience Jow6MTUtZho-00470-00143949-00144181 and to get to know Jow6MTUtZho-00471-00144181-00144479 or become skilled in a 21st century skill, Jow6MTUtZho-00472-00144479-00144798 that this is our formula for the badges that we've created, Jow6MTUtZho-00473-00144798-00145011 and I know a lot of you have your own formulas, Jow6MTUtZho-00474-00145011-00145229 but it's been successful for us Jow6MTUtZho-00475-00145229-00145724 to think about it as a continuum of learn the skill, Jow6MTUtZho-00476-00145724-00145931 practice and reflect on the skill, Jow6MTUtZho-00477-00145931-00146080 and then be assessed by it, Jow6MTUtZho-00478-00146080-00146353 and you can even do that at the sub-competency level Jow6MTUtZho-00479-00146353-00146627 and then build up to a badge on the thing. Jow6MTUtZho-00480-00146627-00146955 So here's our version of the T-shaped. Jow6MTUtZho-00481-00147039-00147255 We're filling it with data. Jow6MTUtZho-00482-00147255-00147378 So I don't know if you can see this Jow6MTUtZho-00483-00147378-00147461 from where you're sitting Jow6MTUtZho-00484-00147461-00147804 but I have one insert here to show. Jow6MTUtZho-00485-00147804-00148161 So each of those boxes across the top of the T Jow6MTUtZho-00486-00148161-00148430 have a 21st century skill, Jow6MTUtZho-00487-00148430-00148644 and then we have four sub-competencies Jow6MTUtZho-00488-00148644-00149028 that we've worked with, probably at this point, Jow6MTUtZho-00489-00149028-00149316 60 universities and about 60 employers Jow6MTUtZho-00490-00149316-00149691 to basically sit in rooms and cross-reference Jow6MTUtZho-00491-00149691-00149921 and get to agreement on, okay, Jow6MTUtZho-00492-00149921-00150093 what is it about critical thinking Jow6MTUtZho-00493-00150093-00150367 that matters to an employer who's hiring a learner? Jow6MTUtZho-00494-00150499-00150737 And what do you need to see to buy into that? Jow6MTUtZho-00495-00150846-00151346 This is for critical thinking, the four sub-competencies. Jow6MTUtZho-00496-00151386-00151582 You could think about your courses Jow6MTUtZho-00497-00151582-00151729 that you're teaching to some extent Jow6MTUtZho-00498-00151729-00152042 and these can be pulled out of your courses, Jow6MTUtZho-00499-00152042-00152289 and we'll talk about that in a second. Jow6MTUtZho-00500-00152289-00152625 Another example, if you know Northeastern University Jow6MTUtZho-00501-00152625-00152889 which is probably the best-known stateside university Jow6MTUtZho-00502-00152889-00153080 for experiential learning, Jow6MTUtZho-00503-00153080-00153190 they have a co-op model Jow6MTUtZho-00504-00153190-00153488 where you come in and out of school and work, Jow6MTUtZho-00505-00153488-00153691 they have something called the SAIL Jow6MTUtZho-00506-00153691-00153827 which is basically a mobile app, Jow6MTUtZho-00507-00153827-00153979 which I think you're gonna see more of Jow6MTUtZho-00508-00153979-00154411 over the coming months and few years. Jow6MTUtZho-00509-00154506-00154873 It's Self-Authored Informal Learning Jow6MTUtZho-00510-00154873-00154981 is what SAIL stands for, Jow6MTUtZho-00511-00154981-00155144 and so, you basically use an app Jow6MTUtZho-00512-00155144-00155460 to capture your learning as you go. Jow6MTUtZho-00513-00155460-00155685 They say they're having some success with that. Jow6MTUtZho-00514-00155685-00155982 I think a lot of other startups and entrepreneurs Jow6MTUtZho-00515-00155982-00156272 are thinking about how do we help you in a handheld way Jow6MTUtZho-00516-00156272-00156467 capture that learning while students Jow6MTUtZho-00517-00156602-00156902 are either at work or other places. Jow6MTUtZho-00518-00156902-00157182 So secondly, it's be the curator, sense-maker, Jow6MTUtZho-00519-00157182-00157498 and advisor of learning opportunities, wherever they occur. Jow6MTUtZho-00520-00157498-00157784 Here, we argue, we cannot keep up. Jow6MTUtZho-00521-00157784-00158119 If the half life of a skill is now five years, Jow6MTUtZho-00522-00158119-00158574 you cannot create a department with PhD, professors, Jow6MTUtZho-00523-00158699-00158895 to keep up with this pace. Jow6MTUtZho-00524-00158895-00159279 So, just be okay with that, own it, Jow6MTUtZho-00525-00159279-00159507 and why can't we be the curators Jow6MTUtZho-00526-00159507-00159884 and sense-makers of other people's stuff? Jow6MTUtZho-00527-00159884-00160111 That's part of what we are is about, obviously, Jow6MTUtZho-00528-00160111-00160351 but then, how you manage that and own it Jow6MTUtZho-00529-00160351-00160588 and see the opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-00530-00160588-00160801 and what is, in effect, the business opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-00531-00160801-00161060 for the college is a good question. Jow6MTUtZho-00532-00161060-00161465 So this is the number, 738,000 that Credential Engine, Jow6MTUtZho-00533-00161465-00161898 which is an organization that tracks credentials Jow6MTUtZho-00534-00161898-00162081 and the production of credentials. Jow6MTUtZho-00535-00162081-00162245 This is an organization. Jow6MTUtZho-00536-00162245-00162363 They have named Jow6MTUtZho-00537-00162363-00162739 that there are 738,000 discrete credentials now Jow6MTUtZho-00538-00162739-00162984 and that number doubled from one year ago. Jow6MTUtZho-00539-00163293-00163547 And this is what your learners are getting bombarded with Jow6MTUtZho-00540-00163547-00163917 from other sources now like edX and Coursera, Jow6MTUtZho-00541-00163917-00164159 and there's a certification over here and over there, Jow6MTUtZho-00542-00164159-00164385 and now, companies are starting, Jow6MTUtZho-00543-00164385-00164637 they're working in the company and they're being told, Jow6MTUtZho-00544-00164637-00164812 oh, get this badge, get that badge. Jow6MTUtZho-00545-00165063-00165427 Is your role not to be the sense-maker, the advisor, Jow6MTUtZho-00546-00165427-00165632 the trusted advisor, Jow6MTUtZho-00547-00165632-00166130 and the potentially certifier of combinations Jow6MTUtZho-00548-00166130-00166413 of what is gonna come at your learners, anyway? Jow6MTUtZho-00549-00166741-00166873 With our badges, Jow6MTUtZho-00550-00166873-00167248 we have three models where you can become the curator, Jow6MTUtZho-00551-00167248-00167445 standalone, course-integrated, Jow6MTUtZho-00552-00167445-00167722 or creating learning communities around our badges, Jow6MTUtZho-00553-00167722-00167863 and that's been very successful. Jow6MTUtZho-00554-00167863-00168104 We have 25 pilots going on right now. Jow6MTUtZho-00555-00168104-00168292 Course integrated is probably the favorite, Jow6MTUtZho-00556-00168292-00168501 and I can talk to you more about that after. Jow6MTUtZho-00557-00168501-00168665 I'll be around this morning, Jow6MTUtZho-00558-00168665-00168876 I can talk to you more about that. Jow6MTUtZho-00559-00168876-00169296 But we really see that the construct has to change. Jow6MTUtZho-00560-00169296-00169786 A few years ago, Stanford did an interesting thing Jow6MTUtZho-00561-00169786-00169869 where they said, Jow6MTUtZho-00562-00169956-00170251 you have to start thinking about the university as the loop Jow6MTUtZho-00563-00170424-00170537 throughout your life Jow6MTUtZho-00564-00170537-00170854 of where people can circle back and get bits of learning. Jow6MTUtZho-00565-00170854-00171184 Well, we think, if we wanna update that model and say, Jow6MTUtZho-00566-00171184-00171357 think about it more as the weave. Jow6MTUtZho-00567-00171600-00171903 One reason is to recognize that 70% of learners, Jow6MTUtZho-00568-00171903-00172050 and this is a stateside statistic, Jow6MTUtZho-00569-00172050-00172133 I'm not sure what it is here Jow6MTUtZho-00570-00172133-00172276 but it may not be that different, Jow6MTUtZho-00571-00172276-00172701 have to work at least half time to pay for school. Jow6MTUtZho-00572-00172701-00173082 So, how can we better make that a feature of the learning? Jow6MTUtZho-00573-00173082-00173367 And I think you've got some pilots going on related to that, Jow6MTUtZho-00574-00173367-00173643 but we're not doing a great job stateside on this. Jow6MTUtZho-00575-00173764-00174156 And the lab is trying to catalyze some of these models Jow6MTUtZho-00576-00174156-00174638 to work with employers to really turn retail jobs Jow6MTUtZho-00577-00174638-00174874 into credentialing opportunities, Jow6MTUtZho-00578-00174874-00175183 or those side jobs that particularly underserved learners Jow6MTUtZho-00579-00175183-00175404 can't do the cool internships, Jow6MTUtZho-00580-00175404-00175721 and how can we help make their learning count. Jow6MTUtZho-00581-00175721-00175884 And so, the other thing that we're doing Jow6MTUtZho-00582-00175884-00176312 is helping overlay these micro-pathways Jow6MTUtZho-00583-00176312-00176812 on to both high school dual enrollment Jow6MTUtZho-00584-00176846-00177046 where you're taking college courses Jow6MTUtZho-00585-00177046-00177217 while you're in high school, Jow6MTUtZho-00586-00177217-00177676 to help overlay micro-pathways that help people get a job. Jow6MTUtZho-00587-00177676-00177915 This is a pathway for phlebotomy. Jow6MTUtZho-00588-00177915-00178339 Who knew that in this city that were working in in Virginia, Jow6MTUtZho-00589-00178339-00178672 phlebotomy was a need that the city had Jow6MTUtZho-00590-00178672-00178836 in the healthcare industry, Jow6MTUtZho-00591-00178836-00179105 and they could earn a pretty good salary. Jow6MTUtZho-00592-00179282-00179618 Can't people going to school be phlebotomists, Jow6MTUtZho-00593-00179618-00179751 and let's work the school around them Jow6MTUtZho-00594-00179751-00179914 while they're on the path to being a nurse Jow6MTUtZho-00595-00179914-00179997 or something else? Jow6MTUtZho-00596-00179997-00180220 So, this is not rocket science Jow6MTUtZho-00597-00180220-00180499 but you have to actually put it together Jow6MTUtZho-00598-00180499-00180702 and then make it visible to learners. Jow6MTUtZho-00599-00180702-00181119 So that's a key segue here because number four, Jow6MTUtZho-00600-00181119-00181283 my last category, Jow6MTUtZho-00601-00181283-00181697 is help your learners be digitally visible to employers. Jow6MTUtZho-00602-00181697-00181967 So, if they're earning that pathway I just showed you, Jow6MTUtZho-00603-00182105-00182561 how can they have that in a digital format Jow6MTUtZho-00604-00182561-00182924 that another employer or their employer could see Jow6MTUtZho-00605-00183223-00183391 so that they don't have to have all the networks? Jow6MTUtZho-00606-00183391-00183723 'Cause this piece really gets at what for us is Jow6MTUtZho-00607-00184068-00184362 such a strong equity piece. Jow6MTUtZho-00608-00184362-00184605 43% of college students Jow6MTUtZho-00609-00184605-00184795 are underemployed when they graduate, Jow6MTUtZho-00610-00184795-00185143 and the leading thing, driving that is that Jow6MTUtZho-00611-00185143-00185407 those are the people that couldn't have the cool internships Jow6MTUtZho-00612-00185407-00185597 and don't have the work experience. Jow6MTUtZho-00613-00185597-00185897 They're not digitally visible, they don't have the networks. Jow6MTUtZho-00614-00185991-00186330 We feel like this new movement around a skills-based economy Jow6MTUtZho-00615-00186330-00186591 and skills-based capturing of learning Jow6MTUtZho-00616-00186591-00187091 can really help those people become visible. Jow6MTUtZho-00617-00187098-00187362 I think we have actually written a piece about this. Jow6MTUtZho-00618-00187362-00187730 We have a moral responsibility to do that. Jow6MTUtZho-00619-00187730-00188113 So this is actually an IBM badge. Jow6MTUtZho-00620-00188113-00188298 You're gonna hear from IBM. Jow6MTUtZho-00621-00188298-00188626 They have there, and I'll just give a little endorsement Jow6MTUtZho-00622-00188626-00188807 before Kerri comes up, Jow6MTUtZho-00623-00188807-00189084 they are really leading the way Jow6MTUtZho-00624-00189084-00189461 for showing employees how they can up-skill Jow6MTUtZho-00625-00189461-00189672 and what it takes for them to up-skill, Jow6MTUtZho-00626-00189672-00190062 like a visibility for advancement in their company. Jow6MTUtZho-00627-00190356-00190781 What if we could all do that with the world around learners? Jow6MTUtZho-00628-00190781-00190905 While they're in school, Jow6MTUtZho-00629-00191149-00191434 there's a entry-level version of that Jow6MTUtZho-00630-00191434-00191584 that could be really powerful. Jow6MTUtZho-00631-00191584-00191935 And I encourage you to help do that, Jow6MTUtZho-00632-00191935-00192188 and for one reason, Jow6MTUtZho-00633-00192188-00192459 not just because it helps them be employable, Jow6MTUtZho-00634-00192459-00192542 but what we've seen, Jow6MTUtZho-00635-00192542-00193030 this is a survey we took of about 100 badge earners Jow6MTUtZho-00636-00193142-00193541 for a couple of the badges among university students, Jow6MTUtZho-00637-00193541-00193780 and I won't go through these statistics. Jow6MTUtZho-00638-00194110-00194326 We originally were doing this work Jow6MTUtZho-00639-00194326-00194601 to try to help people become employed, Jow6MTUtZho-00640-00194601-00194845 but what we didn't realize is that confidence, Jow6MTUtZho-00641-00194845-00195102 it would build for the learners themselves, Jow6MTUtZho-00642-00195102-00195602 and for their ability to articulate and translate the skills Jow6MTUtZho-00643-00195673-00195840 when they got into the workplace. Jow6MTUtZho-00644-00195926-00196426 So coming back to the resume, Jow6MTUtZho-00645-00196437-00196643 I just would like to do a survey here Jow6MTUtZho-00646-00196735-00196975 about how many years you think it will take Jow6MTUtZho-00647-00197257-00197372 'til we're at the point Jow6MTUtZho-00648-00197487-00197776 that our learners are digitally visible, Jow6MTUtZho-00649-00197933-00198362 where resumes will be, in effect, a backpack, Jow6MTUtZho-00650-00198362-00198862 a collection of of digitally-visible certifications. Jow6MTUtZho-00651-00198911-00199056 Degrees might be in there Jow6MTUtZho-00652-00199056-00199324 but they would be just one thing among others. Jow6MTUtZho-00653-00199324-00199470 So let me ask, Jow6MTUtZho-00654-00199470-00199798 how many think that we will be there in three years? Jow6MTUtZho-00655-00200156-00200499 We have five optimistic people. (laughs) Jow6MTUtZho-00656-00200499-00200754 How many of you think we'll be there in five years? Jow6MTUtZho-00657-00200850-00200933 Okay. Jow6MTUtZho-00658-00200933-00201180 Well, that's about 1/3 of the room. Jow6MTUtZho-00659-00201180-00201500 So, seven years? Jow6MTUtZho-00660-00201500-00201583 Okay. Jow6MTUtZho-00661-00201679-00201897 And 10 years? Jow6MTUtZho-00662-00202022-00202137 Okay. All right. Jow6MTUtZho-00663-00202137-00202378 Well, in the q&a, I would love to hear about Jow6MTUtZho-00664-00202712-00203017 what some of the barriers to making that happen will be. Jow6MTUtZho-00665-00203017-00203185 And my last slide, Jow6MTUtZho-00666-00203185-00203563 I just want to tell you that we are launching Jow6MTUtZho-00667-00203563-00203801 a platform that we were so inspired Jow6MTUtZho-00668-00203801-00204025 by this notion of visible learning Jow6MTUtZho-00669-00204025-00204525 that we're launching a platform in May Jow6MTUtZho-00670-00204572-00204768 to help make learning visible. Jow6MTUtZho-00671-00204768-00204991 Starting with the 21st century skills, Jow6MTUtZho-00672-00204991-00205194 we'll be adding in micro-pathways. Jow6MTUtZho-00673-00205194-00205310 But one of the issues Jow6MTUtZho-00674-00205310-00205602 is expecting each group around the world, oops, Jow6MTUtZho-00675-00205602-00205796 to have to reinvent the wheel. Jow6MTUtZho-00676-00205796-00206296 If we can publish and provide scale and training Jow6MTUtZho-00677-00206342-00206494 to make these things happen, Jow6MTUtZho-00678-00206494-00206810 that's a big piece of our theory of change. Jow6MTUtZho-00679-00206810-00207185 So with that, I would like to move to questions. Jow6MTUtZho-00680-00207442-00207651 Okay, we have one back here. Jow6MTUtZho-00681-00207742-00207883 And please wait for the mic. Jow6MTUtZho-00682-00208169-00208669 - [Audience Member] Earlier, you mentioned the word curator. Jow6MTUtZho-00683-00208682-00209108 I wanted to know who the curator is. Jow6MTUtZho-00684-00209302-00209432 - That's a great question. Jow6MTUtZho-00685-00209564-00209841 We actually have done some piloting, Jow6MTUtZho-00686-00209841-00210191 a modeling work on what is the faculty's role Jow6MTUtZho-00687-00210191-00210517 in the future of higher education and in this world. Jow6MTUtZho-00688-00210727-00211190 As we did various prototyping, Jow6MTUtZho-00689-00211190-00211518 the word that comes up the most is curator, Jow6MTUtZho-00690-00211660-00211772 more than teacher, Jow6MTUtZho-00691-00212017-00212383 so I think my number one answer of who is faculty. Jow6MTUtZho-00692-00212500-00212904 And I know that might sound difficult Jow6MTUtZho-00693-00212904-00213081 because that's not the construct Jow6MTUtZho-00694-00213081-00213323 or the way that you prepare yourself. Jow6MTUtZho-00695-00213323-00213504 Just like we were saying yesterday, Jow6MTUtZho-00696-00213504-00213798 I was at a session with some of you, Jow6MTUtZho-00697-00213798-00214013 that faculty, you get your PhD, Jow6MTUtZho-00698-00214013-00214266 you're not initially even prepared to teach, Jow6MTUtZho-00699-00214266-00214562 let alone curate what is going on in the rest of the world Jow6MTUtZho-00700-00214562-00214801 and how to mold that in. Jow6MTUtZho-00701-00214801-00214903 It sounds like you want a follow-up. Jow6MTUtZho-00702-00214903-00215094 - [Audience Member] I just wanted to add, Jow6MTUtZho-00703-00215094-00215594 in my perspective, I would think the person, the student, Jow6MTUtZho-00704-00215819-00216192 they're the curator, and they have to learn how to curate. Jow6MTUtZho-00705-00216332-00216504 But that's just how I think about it. Jow6MTUtZho-00706-00216504-00216635 - I think you're absolutely right, Jow6MTUtZho-00707-00216635-00216990 but how many learners do we know Jow6MTUtZho-00708-00216990-00217490 who have access or knowledge to what is going on? Jow6MTUtZho-00709-00217642-00217932 I am so influenced by what happened Jow6MTUtZho-00710-00217932-00218343 in the '90s and 2000s in higher ed, at least in the U.S., Jow6MTUtZho-00711-00218343-00218591 where the marketing that went on Jow6MTUtZho-00712-00218591-00218882 for private colleges on television Jow6MTUtZho-00713-00218882-00219156 and the colleges and the opportunities, Jow6MTUtZho-00714-00219156-00219452 the curated opportunities that the students all knew about Jow6MTUtZho-00715-00219452-00219721 were the people who had the biggest marketing budgets, Jow6MTUtZho-00716-00219721-00219919 not the things that were the best for them, Jow6MTUtZho-00717-00219919-00220185 not the programs that were actually gonna be best for them. Jow6MTUtZho-00718-00220185-00220546 So, yes, learners can be their own curators, Jow6MTUtZho-00719-00220546-00220937 and today's googling capabilities Jow6MTUtZho-00720-00220937-00221372 offer us a lot more ability to be a wise consumer, Jow6MTUtZho-00721-00221456-00221956 but faculty could play such a role. Jow6MTUtZho-00722-00222016-00222239 There's still such a need for someone Jow6MTUtZho-00723-00222239-00222396 for there to be a cohort Jow6MTUtZho-00724-00222396-00222662 and for someone to be the leader of that cohort Jow6MTUtZho-00725-00222662-00222931 to do that learning, to do that sense-making. Jow6MTUtZho-00726-00223059-00223439 All of the research shows that that is still the best way. Jow6MTUtZho-00727-00223439-00223582 And it can be online learning Jow6MTUtZho-00728-00223582-00223966 but you need someone to advise you. Jow6MTUtZho-00729-00224062-00224244 And if you imagine that Stephanie Jow6MTUtZho-00730-00224244-00224473 is just figuring it all out herself, Jow6MTUtZho-00731-00224473-00224767 I worry about that for the 50 to 60% of people Jow6MTUtZho-00732-00224767-00225162 who don't have the networks and the background of knowledge Jow6MTUtZho-00733-00225434-00225888 and, well, network, really, to make that happen. Jow6MTUtZho-00734-00226110-00226193 One more question. Jow6MTUtZho-00735-00226193-00226460 Sorry to go on that one. Jow6MTUtZho-00736-00226460-00226560 Very good question. Jow6MTUtZho-00737-00226687-00226771 In the back here? Jow6MTUtZho-00738-00227456-00227539 - [Audience Member] Great, thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-00739-00227539-00227771 Thank you so much for your talk, Kathleen. Jow6MTUtZho-00740-00227771-00227975 As you're talking, Jow6MTUtZho-00741-00227975-00228475 I'm becoming really concerned about the focus on employment Jow6MTUtZho-00742-00228558-00228886 as the only goal for post-secondary and for learning Jow6MTUtZho-00743-00228886-00229211 and this emerging of post-secondary and employers. Jow6MTUtZho-00744-00229343-00229574 It takes away many of the things Jow6MTUtZho-00745-00229574-00229890 that I think are really human about us and about learning. Jow6MTUtZho-00746-00229890-00230090 I want poetry, I want music, Jow6MTUtZho-00747-00230090-00230281 I want other things in my education, Jow6MTUtZho-00748-00230281-00230440 I wanna be a good citizen. Jow6MTUtZho-00749-00230440-00230691 I wanna support my learners to do that, Jow6MTUtZho-00750-00230691-00230853 and I'm not seeing that here. Jow6MTUtZho-00751-00230853-00231198 I'm seeing it reduce down to what is your digital skillset, Jow6MTUtZho-00752-00231198-00231550 how quickly can I eliminate you from my employee pool Jow6MTUtZho-00753-00231550-00231929 based on the digital skills I see you do or do not have. Jow6MTUtZho-00754-00231929-00232264 So I'm really worried about human element of that, Jow6MTUtZho-00755-00232264-00232507 so how is that coming up? Jow6MTUtZho-00756-00232507-00232688 Especially when you're working with learners Jow6MTUtZho-00757-00232688-00233035 who want to learn things that are not necessarily tied Jow6MTUtZho-00758-00233035-00233459 to being a worker bot for a huge employer Jow6MTUtZho-00759-00233459-00233607 that's making billions of dollars. Jow6MTUtZho-00760-00233607-00233843 I have to pay for my post-secondary education, Jow6MTUtZho-00761-00233843-00234142 out of my pocket, as a worker, Jow6MTUtZho-00762-00234142-00234369 and somebody is benefiting from that. Jow6MTUtZho-00763-00234369-00234733 So how are your learners expressing those kinds of ideas? Jow6MTUtZho-00764-00234733-00234853 - Well, that's a great question. Jow6MTUtZho-00765-00234853-00235148 I think you're very right to worry about this. Jow6MTUtZho-00766-00235148-00235571 As we unbundle and modularize skill-building, Jow6MTUtZho-00767-00235698-00236050 learning could become a vocational exercise. Jow6MTUtZho-00768-00236050-00236171 Part of our goal Jow6MTUtZho-00769-00236171-00236512 of keeping these 21st century skill learning, Jow6MTUtZho-00770-00236512-00237012 and that is more an effort to keep liberal arts in the mix, Jow6MTUtZho-00771-00237368-00237650 so that's one answer to the question is we have to, Jow6MTUtZho-00772-00237650-00237796 I always say, make room for Shakespeare. Jow6MTUtZho-00773-00237796-00238126 I was an English major in these vocational pathways. Jow6MTUtZho-00774-00238312-00238691 A lot of learners are gonna go there out of necessity, Jow6MTUtZho-00775-00238691-00239021 at least in terms of cost and relevance and portability Jow6MTUtZho-00776-00239021-00239444 and their ability to get where they need to go. Jow6MTUtZho-00777-00239444-00239675 And so, I think we have a responsibility Jow6MTUtZho-00778-00239827-00240294 to keep the broader learning experiences, Jow6MTUtZho-00779-00240294-00240411 all the things that we love Jow6MTUtZho-00780-00240411-00240667 about higher education in the mix. Jow6MTUtZho-00781-00240667-00240825 I think it's going to be hard. Jow6MTUtZho-00782-00240825-00240908 There's gonna be a tension, Jow6MTUtZho-00783-00240908-00241127 and that's one reason I answered the question Jow6MTUtZho-00784-00241127-00241317 about who's the curator. Jow6MTUtZho-00785-00241317-00241467 That is a faculty's role. Jow6MTUtZho-00786-00241467-00241591 We have to keep Jow6MTUtZho-00787-00241591-00241937 the traditional university experience in the mix, Jow6MTUtZho-00788-00241937-00242152 and I think it is gonna be hard to do. Jow6MTUtZho-00789-00242152-00242348 And I hate to end on a negative note, Jow6MTUtZho-00790-00242348-00242701 but it's attention we need to be aware of Jow6MTUtZho-00791-00242701-00242857 and that we need to fight against, Jow6MTUtZho-00792-00242857-00243031 and I think affordability Jow6MTUtZho-00793-00243031-00243221 is the best way to fight against them. Jow6MTUtZho-00794-00243335-00243448 Thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-00795-00243448-00243544 Thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-00796-00243544-00243641 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-00797-00243641-00243940 - Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait! Jow6MTUtZho-00798-00243940-00244155 - Oh, yeah, I know. Jow6MTUtZho-00799-00244155-00244341 - I just wanna thank Kathleen so much Jow6MTUtZho-00800-00244341-00244573 for coming all the way from Washington to be with us today. Jow6MTUtZho-00801-00244573-00244717 Thank you so much, Kathleen. - Thank you! Jow6MTUtZho-00802-00244717-00245017 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-00803-00245316-00245471 - Thanks for all the good questions. Jow6MTUtZho-00804-00245471-00245813 These are all really important pieces of the conversation Jow6MTUtZho-00805-00245813-00246148 that we need to get out so keep asking them, please. Jow6MTUtZho-00806-00246148-00246519 Okay, next, we're so pleased to welcome Kerri Moreno. Jow6MTUtZho-00807-00246519-00246721 Kerri is a client manager at IBM, Jow6MTUtZho-00808-00246721-00247017 supporting partnerships in education and research. Jow6MTUtZho-00809-00247017-00247219 Kerri does an incredible job Jow6MTUtZho-00810-00247219-00247489 of connecting the dots between IBM Canada Jow6MTUtZho-00811-00247489-00247705 and a number of post-secondary institutions Jow6MTUtZho-00812-00247705-00247901 that she works with across the country. Jow6MTUtZho-00813-00247901-00248101 And every time I talk to Kerri, I'm really struck Jow6MTUtZho-00814-00248101-00248463 by how authentically she builds these relationships Jow6MTUtZho-00815-00248463-00248775 with faculty, with deans, with students, with researchers, Jow6MTUtZho-00816-00248775-00249111 always finding new ways to leverage the technology Jow6MTUtZho-00817-00249111-00249386 that she has and that her company has Jow6MTUtZho-00818-00249386-00249692 to foster innovative connections between her industry Jow6MTUtZho-00819-00249692-00249882 and the education system that feeds it. Jow6MTUtZho-00820-00249882-00250231 So, Kerri, please come up and get us started! Jow6MTUtZho-00821-00250399-00250699 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-00822-00251111-00251209 - I wish my children could have heard that. Jow6MTUtZho-00823-00251569-00251842 So thank you very much, Lena, for the warm introduction. Jow6MTUtZho-00824-00251842-00252187 It's a pleasure to be here today with all of you Jow6MTUtZho-00825-00252187-00252392 that I know Kathleen alluded to, Jow6MTUtZho-00826-00252392-00252829 this collaboration with academia, industry, and community. Jow6MTUtZho-00827-00252829-00253066 It's such a rich opportunity for those of us Jow6MTUtZho-00828-00253066-00253463 to work in this space and really collaborate together. Jow6MTUtZho-00829-00253463-00253839 It's also an honor to be here on behalf of IBM, Jow6MTUtZho-00830-00253839-00254050 a hundred-year-old company Jow6MTUtZho-00831-00254050-00254550 that I think is recognized as an innovator, and a leader, Jow6MTUtZho-00832-00254638-00254961 and some good business sense to stay in business Jow6MTUtZho-00833-00254961-00255232 for over 100 years. Jow6MTUtZho-00834-00255386-00255626 It was a pleasure when Lena approached us Jow6MTUtZho-00835-00255626-00255921 to see about the opportunity to be a keynote here. Jow6MTUtZho-00836-00255921-00256144 And one of the things for me as an employee, Jow6MTUtZho-00837-00256144-00256392 I think I'm always looking for that validation Jow6MTUtZho-00838-00256392-00256769 that I personally are doing the right things Jow6MTUtZho-00839-00256769-00256966 or that my company is doing the right thing. Jow6MTUtZho-00840-00256966-00257173 So thank you for that validation Jow6MTUtZho-00841-00257173-00257524 and I hope all of you learned something from today. Jow6MTUtZho-00842-00257524-00257815 I'm gonna digress for just a moment Jow6MTUtZho-00843-00257815-00258231 because on the weekend, as I was preparing for my keynote, Jow6MTUtZho-00844-00258231-00258694 my son who's 10 years old is getting ready for speech arts. Jow6MTUtZho-00845-00258694-00258848 Remember speech arts in school, Jow6MTUtZho-00846-00258848-00259127 you had to prepare a speech and present it. Jow6MTUtZho-00847-00259127-00259396 Well, one of the things that I was always coached about Jow6MTUtZho-00848-00259396-00259733 was staying on time and not talking too fast Jow6MTUtZho-00849-00259733-00259948 so let's see how I do today. Jow6MTUtZho-00850-00260489-00260867 So one of the things that I get to see a lot Jow6MTUtZho-00851-00260867-00261052 of working for a global company Jow6MTUtZho-00852-00261052-00261501 is a lot of statistics on what IBM is doing globally. Jow6MTUtZho-00853-00261501-00261877 And when I'm given the opportunity to present in Canada, Jow6MTUtZho-00854-00261877-00261984 I always like to take Jow6MTUtZho-00855-00261984-00262296 some of those statistics back closer to home. Jow6MTUtZho-00856-00262296-00262581 So, two of the titles that I'd like to spend Jow6MTUtZho-00857-00262581-00262726 a few moments on here Jow6MTUtZho-00858-00262726-00263027 that I think are very relevant to all of you Jow6MTUtZho-00859-00263027-00263167 is the tile in the middle there Jow6MTUtZho-00860-00263167-00263484 with the 600 internships or co-ops. Jow6MTUtZho-00861-00263484-00263975 Not many people have the opportunity to learn or understand Jow6MTUtZho-00862-00263975-00264457 that we take 600 plus students on an annual basis Jow6MTUtZho-00863-00264457-00264673 for internships and co-ops. Jow6MTUtZho-00864-00264673-00264877 So that's many of your students. Jow6MTUtZho-00865-00264877-00265011 And many of your students Jow6MTUtZho-00866-00265011-00265314 are given the opportunity to work on projects, Jow6MTUtZho-00867-00265314-00265742 use our technology, and have very rich experiences Jow6MTUtZho-00868-00265742-00266041 as a result of their co-op or internships. Jow6MTUtZho-00869-00266041-00266221 One of the things that we do Jow6MTUtZho-00870-00266221-00266719 at the end of that internship or co-op, like we all do, Jow6MTUtZho-00871-00266719-00266989 is we survey people for their experiences. Jow6MTUtZho-00872-00266989-00267277 And often, the students tell us Jow6MTUtZho-00873-00267277-00267521 that what was the most meaningful for them Jow6MTUtZho-00874-00267521-00267845 was being able to use today's technology Jow6MTUtZho-00875-00267845-00268093 to solve problems for our clients. Jow6MTUtZho-00876-00268093-00268277 So that's very rich and rewarding. Jow6MTUtZho-00877-00268277-00268488 And one of the recent things Jow6MTUtZho-00878-00268488-00268726 that we've been able to do for our interns Jow6MTUtZho-00879-00268812-00269071 is be able to provide them with a micro-credential Jow6MTUtZho-00880-00269071-00269392 so that when they leave their internship or their co-op, Jow6MTUtZho-00881-00269392-00269602 they actually can put something on their resume Jow6MTUtZho-00882-00269602-00269781 that they've worked at IBM, Jow6MTUtZho-00883-00269781-00270142 and that they've achieved a credential. Jow6MTUtZho-00884-00270142-00270266 And the interesting thing Jow6MTUtZho-00885-00270266-00270606 that many of my older colleagues have actually highlighted Jow6MTUtZho-00886-00270606-00271046 is that this generation are Olympic learners. Jow6MTUtZho-00887-00271046-00271201 You give them an opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-00888-00271201-00271429 to go and absorb new information, Jow6MTUtZho-00889-00271429-00271695 they'll go out and get 10 or 12 badges. Jow6MTUtZho-00890-00271695-00272097 And our badges, they take time and effort. Jow6MTUtZho-00891-00272097-00272275 There's testing that's involved, Jow6MTUtZho-00892-00272275-00272516 there's minimum grade requirements, Jow6MTUtZho-00893-00272516-00272745 and the students that we hire Jow6MTUtZho-00894-00272745-00273076 from your wonderful academic institutions, Jow6MTUtZho-00895-00273076-00273415 we see that dedication and that passion. Jow6MTUtZho-00896-00273415-00273569 The other one that I would just highlight Jow6MTUtZho-00897-00273569-00273905 is the $525 million of research Jow6MTUtZho-00898-00273905-00274179 that we do locally here in Canada. Jow6MTUtZho-00899-00274179-00274310 You may not be aware Jow6MTUtZho-00900-00274310-00274777 but IBM has one of the largest corporate labs. Jow6MTUtZho-00901-00274777-00274977 We have 12 Labs globally, Jow6MTUtZho-00902-00274977-00275230 and we have 3,000 researchers, Jow6MTUtZho-00903-00275230-00275478 professional researchers with their PhDs Jow6MTUtZho-00904-00275478-00275646 and lots of credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-00905-00275747-00276035 and we really believe that the world is our lab Jow6MTUtZho-00906-00276035-00276486 to try and change and bring tech for good Jow6MTUtZho-00907-00276486-00276640 is what we believe. Jow6MTUtZho-00908-00276742-00277105 Just a quick number, taking to the U.S. Jow6MTUtZho-00909-00277105-00277538 is that we've led the U.S. patent leadership Jow6MTUtZho-00910-00277538-00277704 for the last 27 years. Jow6MTUtZho-00911-00277704-00278036 We actually had 9,000 patents in 2019. Jow6MTUtZho-00912-00278036-00278230 And often, if you wanna see Jow6MTUtZho-00913-00278230-00278507 what the future of technology is gonna look like, Jow6MTUtZho-00914-00278507-00278721 you can look at our reports from research Jow6MTUtZho-00915-00278721-00279005 to actually see what the next five years Jow6MTUtZho-00916-00279005-00279269 could look like from a technology standpoint. Jow6MTUtZho-00917-00279269-00279426 So that's always exciting. Jow6MTUtZho-00918-00279426-00279563 There has been a recent one Jow6MTUtZho-00919-00279563-00280063 that shows coffee being delivered by drones. Jow6MTUtZho-00920-00280165-00280372 So I'm not sure where that one's going yet, Jow6MTUtZho-00921-00280372-00280565 but maybe in five years, we'll know. Jow6MTUtZho-00922-00280783-00281040 So it's not news to any of us Jow6MTUtZho-00923-00281040-00281347 that the world is facing a serious talent problem, Jow6MTUtZho-00924-00281347-00281661 or that skilled humans fuel the economy, Jow6MTUtZho-00925-00281661-00281908 but what are the challenges that we have, Jow6MTUtZho-00926-00281908-00282239 and we talked to it in the last question Jow6MTUtZho-00927-00282239-00282556 around the technical skills that are in high demand? Jow6MTUtZho-00928-00282689-00282913 Organizations are having challenges Jow6MTUtZho-00929-00282913-00283120 finding these technical skills. Jow6MTUtZho-00930-00283120-00283490 And I won't mix words with our digital badging, Jow6MTUtZho-00931-00283490-00283767 it was all about technical skills. Jow6MTUtZho-00932-00283767-00283997 There was some conversation this morning at the table Jow6MTUtZho-00933-00283997-00284203 around does IBM offer badging Jow6MTUtZho-00934-00284203-00284475 around communication and soft skills. Jow6MTUtZho-00935-00284475-00284663 We may get there at some point, Jow6MTUtZho-00936-00284663-00285055 but most of our badges are in the technical space. Jow6MTUtZho-00937-00285055-00285316 So one of the things that we've seen Jow6MTUtZho-00938-00285316-00285581 as part of looking at addressing Jow6MTUtZho-00939-00285581-00285841 how we were going to be building out this talent, Jow6MTUtZho-00940-00285841-00285962 and finding skills, Jow6MTUtZho-00941-00285962-00286275 and helping our clients find the technical skills Jow6MTUtZho-00942-00286275-00286555 they needed to take advantage of our products Jow6MTUtZho-00943-00286555-00287030 was that we go out and we survey clients, Jow6MTUtZho-00944-00287030-00287264 and they tell us that they're having a challenge. Jow6MTUtZho-00945-00287264-00287479 So we needed to find a way Jow6MTUtZho-00946-00287479-00287857 to help our clients find skillsets Jow6MTUtZho-00947-00287857-00288028 that they could take benefit from. Jow6MTUtZho-00948-00288164-00288664 When we survey, we also surveyed IT recruiters. Jow6MTUtZho-00949-00288669-00288841 Now, how many of us really know Jow6MTUtZho-00950-00288841-00289241 that we're IT recruiters 20, 25 years ago? Jow6MTUtZho-00951-00289241-00289465 We maybe knew about Kelly Services Jow6MTUtZho-00952-00289465-00289751 which was one of the small recruitment firms. Jow6MTUtZho-00953-00289751-00290150 Now, there are a large number of I.T. recruitment firms. Jow6MTUtZho-00954-00290150-00290306 And I know just recently, Jow6MTUtZho-00955-00290480-00290808 in the last 12 months, three of my colleagues have left IBM Jow6MTUtZho-00956-00290808-00291095 to actually go and work at recruiters Jow6MTUtZho-00957-00291095-00291317 to help organizations find skills. Jow6MTUtZho-00958-00291317-00291547 So when we talk about the changes Jow6MTUtZho-00959-00291547-00291732 that are taking place in the marketplace, Jow6MTUtZho-00960-00291732-00291883 it's not only in the skills Jow6MTUtZho-00961-00291883-00292213 but it's the recruiting that companies need to go after Jow6MTUtZho-00962-00292213-00292381 and find those skills. Jow6MTUtZho-00963-00292381-00292740 So we believe that the digital badging will help with that. Jow6MTUtZho-00964-00293033-00293139 So, in 2012, Jow6MTUtZho-00965-00293529-00293761 Badges Open standards was established. Jow6MTUtZho-00966-00293761-00294188 And it was interesting, in 2014, two years later, Jow6MTUtZho-00967-00294188-00294534 that's when IBM began our work exploring the use cases. Jow6MTUtZho-00968-00294534-00294730 And our primary use case, Jow6MTUtZho-00969-00294730-00294879 I go back to the comment Jow6MTUtZho-00970-00294879-00295092 that I made around technical skills, Jow6MTUtZho-00971-00295092-00295409 it was about how we could get more people Jow6MTUtZho-00972-00295409-00295558 to use our software. Jow6MTUtZho-00973-00295923-00296200 So in me, the slide here, Jow6MTUtZho-00974-00296200-00296503 one of the things I just wanna highlight is around Jow6MTUtZho-00975-00296503-00296923 why technology is changing so quickly, or how it's changing, Jow6MTUtZho-00976-00296923-00297150 and that's the relevancy of making sure Jow6MTUtZho-00977-00297150-00297396 that we can find those skills quickly. Jow6MTUtZho-00978-00297396-00297888 So if you look on the left-hand side there Jow6MTUtZho-00979-00297888-00298168 when it talks about technology change, Jow6MTUtZho-00980-00298168-00298506 let's just take a moment to think about our cellphone. Jow6MTUtZho-00981-00298506-00298824 Our cellphones have replaced cameras, Jow6MTUtZho-00982-00298824-00299171 flashlights, calculators, Jow6MTUtZho-00983-00299171-00299393 and it's pushing that technology Jow6MTUtZho-00984-00299393-00299725 down to the end user as a consumer. Jow6MTUtZho-00985-00299725-00299914 I would bet that all of us Jow6MTUtZho-00986-00299914-00300273 do way more on our mobile devices, personally, Jow6MTUtZho-00987-00300273-00300661 than what we do in our corporate jobs or our industry job. Jow6MTUtZho-00988-00300661-00300881 Eventually, there will be that shift Jow6MTUtZho-00989-00300881-00301080 where we will be asked as employers Jow6MTUtZho-00990-00301080-00301319 to do more in that environment Jow6MTUtZho-00991-00301319-00301541 by being consumers of that technology Jow6MTUtZho-00992-00301541-00301757 that's being pushed down to us. Jow6MTUtZho-00993-00301757-00301941 So the lines of business users Jow6MTUtZho-00994-00301941-00302296 are now having to improve their skills on technology, Jow6MTUtZho-00995-00302296-00302395 you're not just somebody Jow6MTUtZho-00996-00302395-00302716 working in the technology department that's using I.T., Jow6MTUtZho-00997-00302716-00302951 you're actually now a consumer of that Jow6MTUtZho-00998-00302951-00303106 and you need to build the skills Jow6MTUtZho-00999-00303106-00303371 to be able to use that technology. Jow6MTUtZho-01000-00303371-00303675 Another example there is just a police officer. Jow6MTUtZho-01001-00303675-00303973 Think of a police officer 10 years ago. Jow6MTUtZho-01002-00303973-00304215 They maybe had their gun and billy stick. Jow6MTUtZho-01003-00304215-00304707 Now, an officer is armed with IoT cameras Jow6MTUtZho-01004-00304707-00305141 so that they can be filmed while they're on the job. Jow6MTUtZho-01005-00305141-00305427 They've got dashboards of analytics in their cars Jow6MTUtZho-01006-00305427-00305600 with predictive analytics. Jow6MTUtZho-01007-00305600-00305756 So even a police officer Jow6MTUtZho-01008-00305756-00305987 is having to go through a rigorous training, Jow6MTUtZho-01009-00305987-00306328 how to use the technology that they're being enabled with. Jow6MTUtZho-01010-00306328-00306565 So if you were going to be a manufacturer Jow6MTUtZho-01011-00306565-00306746 of some of that technology, Jow6MTUtZho-01012-00306746-00307010 you may be interested in creating a badge Jow6MTUtZho-01013-00307010-00307232 so that you can demonstrate that the officers Jow6MTUtZho-01014-00307232-00307638 have actually achieved the standards and the requirements Jow6MTUtZho-01015-00307638-00307793 to use that technology. Jow6MTUtZho-01016-00307793-00308019 And we've seen that in many of the colleges Jow6MTUtZho-01017-00308019-00308168 when they look at the robotics, Jow6MTUtZho-01018-00308168-00308420 the FANUC robotics and those types of things, Jow6MTUtZho-01019-00308420-00308726 that's where some of those credentials first started Jow6MTUtZho-01020-00308726-00308892 was in the I.T. space. Jow6MTUtZho-01021-00309093-00309360 So everything has pointed to a need to change Jow6MTUtZho-01022-00309360-00309599 to look at how we develop skills Jow6MTUtZho-01023-00309599-00309888 and how we take inventory of our skills. Jow6MTUtZho-01024-00310246-00310608 So what required us to create these new credentials. Jow6MTUtZho-01025-00310698-00310879 And, like anything in IBM, Jow6MTUtZho-01026-00310879-00311063 before we embark on a new journey, Jow6MTUtZho-01027-00311063-00311310 we have to have a very good solid process Jow6MTUtZho-01028-00311310-00311502 and a solid structure. Jow6MTUtZho-01029-00311502-00311829 So we embarked on the journey to look at what that structure Jow6MTUtZho-01030-00311829-00312076 and what the requirements were Jow6MTUtZho-01031-00312076-00312332 that the badges should achieve. Jow6MTUtZho-01032-00312332-00312490 So the first element was Jow6MTUtZho-01033-00312490-00312725 that the badges needed to be very timely. Jow6MTUtZho-01034-00312725-00312975 So our technology changes. Jow6MTUtZho-01035-00312975-00313298 So what if somebody took a badge two years ago, Jow6MTUtZho-01036-00313298-00313503 do they need to update it two years from now Jow6MTUtZho-01037-00313503-00313653 when that technology changed? Jow6MTUtZho-01038-00313653-00313935 So we needed to make sure we were very agile Jow6MTUtZho-01039-00313935-00314389 and that we could issue and build the badges very quickly, Jow6MTUtZho-01040-00314389-00314656 and keep them up-to-date, quite frankly. Jow6MTUtZho-01041-00314656-00314856 They also needed to be verifiable. Jow6MTUtZho-01042-00314940-00315098 This is an interesting one. Jow6MTUtZho-01043-00315098-00315379 There's a lot of fraud in credentials Jow6MTUtZho-01044-00315379-00315511 so how do we make sure Jow6MTUtZho-01045-00315511-00315775 that when somebody's investing the time Jow6MTUtZho-01046-00315775-00316078 to build these credentials out that they're actually, Jow6MTUtZho-01047-00316078-00316263 as my kids would say, legit? Jow6MTUtZho-01048-00316440-00316621 They also have to be portable. Jow6MTUtZho-01049-00316621-00316856 So there's a big discussion taking place Jow6MTUtZho-01050-00316971-00317275 in the industry around portable skills. Jow6MTUtZho-01051-00317275-00317579 And a great example is around analytics. Jow6MTUtZho-01052-00317698-00318031 We have a lot of great tools to do analytics Jow6MTUtZho-01053-00318031-00318299 but learning analytics in the healthcare space Jow6MTUtZho-01054-00318299-00318663 is different than learning analytics in supply chain. Jow6MTUtZho-01055-00318663-00318897 So we have tools that teach analytics, Jow6MTUtZho-01056-00318897-00319092 but does that mean that they're portable? Jow6MTUtZho-01057-00319092-00319200 Somebody that's learned Jow6MTUtZho-01058-00319200-00319434 how to use these tools in healthcare, Jow6MTUtZho-01059-00319434-00319538 could they move over Jow6MTUtZho-01060-00319538-00319914 and use the same type of tools in a different industry? Jow6MTUtZho-01061-00319914-00320153 So being portable and being able to demonstrate Jow6MTUtZho-01062-00320153-00320529 that the skills that you gained actually could be moved Jow6MTUtZho-01063-00320529-00320808 as you change careers. Jow6MTUtZho-01064-00320808-00320992 They also needed to be discoverable. Jow6MTUtZho-01065-00320992-00321451 And Kathleen talked about that earlier as well. Jow6MTUtZho-01066-00321451-00321778 Think of what we do now in social platforms. Jow6MTUtZho-01067-00321909-00322127 Facebook was a social community, Jow6MTUtZho-01068-00322127-00322480 and LinkedIn was supposed to be a professional community. Jow6MTUtZho-01069-00322480-00322716 There was actually an article written the other day about Jow6MTUtZho-01070-00322716-00323186 how LinkedIn has turned into a bragging opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-01071-00323186-00323461 where you showcase all of your wonderful achievements Jow6MTUtZho-01072-00323461-00323580 and the learning that you've done Jow6MTUtZho-01073-00323580-00323836 and the great presentations that you did. Jow6MTUtZho-01074-00323836-00324005 And the question was around, Jow6MTUtZho-01075-00324005-00324225 is that really what LinkedIn was designed? Jow6MTUtZho-01076-00324225-00324420 Or is that where this evolution Jow6MTUtZho-01077-00324420-00324791 and this change is going to happen in this social space? Jow6MTUtZho-01078-00324908-00325156 And they also needed to be differentiating. Jow6MTUtZho-01079-00325410-00325626 I remember, when I was in school, Jow6MTUtZho-01080-00325716-00325817 maybe I wouldn't admit it, Jow6MTUtZho-01081-00325817-00326164 but there were times when you got through the material Jow6MTUtZho-01082-00326164-00326336 to get to the end of the course. Jow6MTUtZho-01083-00326504-00326845 But you didn't necessarily remember some of that. Jow6MTUtZho-01084-00326845-00327142 And so, with the credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-01085-00327142-00327499 one of the founding objectives of our credentials Jow6MTUtZho-01086-00327499-00327709 were that you weren't gonna be able Jow6MTUtZho-01087-00327709-00328007 just to go through the credential and get your little stamp, Jow6MTUtZho-01088-00328007-00328387 you actually had to demonstrate and build a competency Jow6MTUtZho-01089-00328387-00328494 so that you would be able Jow6MTUtZho-01090-00328494-00328754 to show that proficiency in what you got. Jow6MTUtZho-01091-00328754-00329036 Otherwise, our credentials would be watered down, Jow6MTUtZho-01092-00329036-00329486 and, over time, not be as successfully viewed. Jow6MTUtZho-01093-00329626-00329903 So Open Badges seem to meet the criteria, Jow6MTUtZho-01094-00329903-00330125 all of our criteria. Jow6MTUtZho-01095-00330125-00330293 We could brand them, and at IBM, Jow6MTUtZho-01096-00330293-00330629 that's always something very important is our branding. Jow6MTUtZho-01097-00330629-00330979 We could go through and look at the specific skills Jow6MTUtZho-01098-00330979-00331314 and the tags that were assigned to those skills. Jow6MTUtZho-01099-00331447-00331705 And so, we adopted the Open Badges. Jow6MTUtZho-01100-00331858-00332145 With anything again, we needed to build a process. Jow6MTUtZho-01101-00332304-00332470 Whenever I see slides like this, Jow6MTUtZho-01102-00332470-00332774 it takes me back to my Grade 10 computer science class Jow6MTUtZho-01103-00332774-00333053 when I learned computer flow mapping and I thought, Jow6MTUtZho-01104-00333053-00333220 when am I ever gonna use this? Jow6MTUtZho-01105-00333220-00333366 (audience laughing) Jow6MTUtZho-01106-00333366-00333563 But it proves a purpose. Jow6MTUtZho-01107-00333563-00334063 And today, we offer a badge in business process mapping. Jow6MTUtZho-01108-00334172-00334354 That business process mapping Jow6MTUtZho-01109-00334354-00334689 is very similar to that computer science flow chart. Jow6MTUtZho-01110-00334689-00334973 So I won't share what's on this chart. Jow6MTUtZho-01111-00334973-00335101 It'll be available to you. Jow6MTUtZho-01112-00335101-00335425 But it really talks about the importance Jow6MTUtZho-01113-00335425-00335615 of the flow and the methodology, Jow6MTUtZho-01114-00335615-00335825 and I think the work that eCampus has done Jow6MTUtZho-01115-00335825-00336086 around the policies and the frameworks Jow6MTUtZho-01116-00336086-00336346 really sets a very strong foundation Jow6MTUtZho-01117-00336346-00336625 for those of you that are embarking on your journey. Jow6MTUtZho-01118-00336755-00336979 Those nine pilots that are out there, Jow6MTUtZho-01119-00336979-00337235 if you didn't have some of that foundation, Jow6MTUtZho-01120-00337235-00337491 it would be very different entering into that space Jow6MTUtZho-01121-00337491-00337652 without that foundation built. Jow6MTUtZho-01122-00337741-00337920 So we launched our pilot. Jow6MTUtZho-01123-00338189-00338652 We did it very, I won't say complex, Jow6MTUtZho-01124-00338652-00338858 but instead of going with one type of badge, Jow6MTUtZho-01125-00338858-00339065 we went with five types of badges. Jow6MTUtZho-01126-00339065-00339282 And the reason we did that was, Jow6MTUtZho-01127-00339282-00339577 I talked a little bit earlier about the proficiency. Jow6MTUtZho-01128-00339577-00339660 So the skill, Jow6MTUtZho-01129-00339660-00339831 were you just acquiring the skill Jow6MTUtZho-01130-00339831-00340045 or were you mastering the skill? Jow6MTUtZho-01131-00340045-00340291 Or in some cases, we actually have faculty Jow6MTUtZho-01132-00340291-00340636 that were contributing to some of our badges, Jow6MTUtZho-01133-00340636-00340866 so you can actually become a contributor. Jow6MTUtZho-01134-00340866-00341217 And then, what would be the facets of being a contributor? Jow6MTUtZho-01135-00341756-00341964 So, one of the other things that we had to do Jow6MTUtZho-01136-00341964-00342090 when we looked at the badging Jow6MTUtZho-01137-00342090-00342397 is we also had to create the personas. Jow6MTUtZho-01138-00342397-00342663 And for those of you that have gone through design thinking, Jow6MTUtZho-01139-00342663-00342907 you know that persona really means Jow6MTUtZho-01140-00342907-00343237 the people that we're designing the experience for. Jow6MTUtZho-01141-00343237-00343497 And so, when we were on this journey, Jow6MTUtZho-01142-00343497-00343767 we actually came up with three personas Jow6MTUtZho-01143-00343767-00344233 of people that could be taking on the opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-01144-00344233-00344486 to earn an IBM badge. Jow6MTUtZho-01145-00344486-00344836 The first one is the badge earner, the student. Jow6MTUtZho-01146-00344836-00344962 It could be an individual Jow6MTUtZho-01147-00344962-00345289 that was re-skilling or up-skilling, Jow6MTUtZho-01148-00345289-00345650 but they were gonna be classified as the badge earner. Jow6MTUtZho-01149-00345650-00345970 We had this middle group too which was called the IBMer. Jow6MTUtZho-01150-00346130-00346444 And for those of you that may not know, Jow6MTUtZho-01151-00346444-00346852 we are challenged individually on a quarterly basis, Jow6MTUtZho-01152-00346852-00347027 so that's every three months, Jow6MTUtZho-01153-00347027-00347158 I have to make a commitment Jow6MTUtZho-01154-00347158-00347449 to get 40 hours worth of training Jow6MTUtZho-01155-00347449-00347702 in and over above my day job. Jow6MTUtZho-01156-00347817-00348131 And one of the things that many of us did is we did that Jow6MTUtZho-01157-00348131-00348271 'cause you were told to do it Jow6MTUtZho-01158-00348271-00348478 so you did it and you knew it was a part of your job, Jow6MTUtZho-01159-00348478-00348748 but you never really got a way to show people Jow6MTUtZho-01160-00348748-00348982 that you were actually invested in doing that. Jow6MTUtZho-01161-00348982-00349322 And the badging now allows us to do that. Jow6MTUtZho-01162-00349322-00349412 The interesting thing Jow6MTUtZho-01163-00349412-00349635 with the badging that we've implemented too Jow6MTUtZho-01164-00349775-00349982 is assessment-based. Jow6MTUtZho-01165-00349982-00350157 So one of the things that you do Jow6MTUtZho-01166-00350157-00350464 is you go in to take the badge Jow6MTUtZho-01167-00350464-00350688 with no understanding of the content. Jow6MTUtZho-01168-00350688-00350842 And they're actually assessing you Jow6MTUtZho-01169-00350842-00351133 where they think your understanding is. Jow6MTUtZho-01170-00351133-00351272 And the cool thing about it Jow6MTUtZho-01171-00351272-00351595 is if your knowledge is pretty far along, Jow6MTUtZho-01172-00351595-00351807 they don't make you do all of the training. Jow6MTUtZho-01173-00351807-00352119 It actually started to evolve and make it personalized. Jow6MTUtZho-01174-00352119-00352346 So if I knew 30% of the content Jow6MTUtZho-01175-00352346-00352584 based on the quiz and the test that I took, Jow6MTUtZho-01176-00352584-00352893 it didn't make me go back and do that 30%. Jow6MTUtZho-01177-00352893-00353115 So I know for those of us that did it, Jow6MTUtZho-01178-00353115-00353228 myself and our colleagues, Jow6MTUtZho-01179-00353228-00353395 you hit the button on the test, Jow6MTUtZho-01180-00353395-00353482 you think, okay, please, Jow6MTUtZho-01181-00353482-00353786 'cause I don't wanna have to do another eight hours. Jow6MTUtZho-01182-00353786-00354023 So I think that's where the personalized learning Jow6MTUtZho-01183-00354023-00354294 will come in over time on these assessments. Jow6MTUtZho-01184-00354294-00354703 If individuals are coming in learning a specific skill Jow6MTUtZho-01185-00354703-00354906 and they already have some of that established, Jow6MTUtZho-01186-00354906-00355145 don't make them go back to the beginning. Jow6MTUtZho-01187-00355145-00355431 There was also the persona about our clients. Jow6MTUtZho-01188-00355431-00355856 So our clients that make investments with IBM Jow6MTUtZho-01189-00355856-00356042 to use our technology, Jow6MTUtZho-01190-00356042-00356249 one of the questions that they always had was, Jow6MTUtZho-01191-00356249-00356404 you've got great products, Jow6MTUtZho-01192-00356404-00356610 but am I gonna be able to take advantage of 'em Jow6MTUtZho-01193-00356610-00356976 by finding the talent that's gonna be able to use them? Jow6MTUtZho-01194-00356976-00357112 So we felt that it was important Jow6MTUtZho-01195-00357112-00357420 to look also at the persona of our clients. Jow6MTUtZho-01196-00357683-00358036 We also established objectives for the entire organization. Jow6MTUtZho-01197-00358036-00358369 So if we were to design these badges, Jow6MTUtZho-01198-00358369-00358571 who are we gonna design them for? Jow6MTUtZho-01199-00358571-00358835 And what were the objectives we were going to achieve? Jow6MTUtZho-01200-00358835-00358979 And in any pilot, Jow6MTUtZho-01201-00358979-00359249 we know that we have to measure the success of the pilots, Jow6MTUtZho-01202-00359249-00359500 and we felt that looking at those objectives Jow6MTUtZho-01203-00359500-00359695 were going to be key Jow6MTUtZho-01204-00359695-00359956 as we looked at the success of the pilot. Jow6MTUtZho-01205-00360178-00360390 We also had to look at use cases. Jow6MTUtZho-01206-00360390-00360671 So by having the three personas, Jow6MTUtZho-01207-00360671-00360837 we wanted to be able to make sure Jow6MTUtZho-01208-00360837-00361222 that we understood the use cases and the expected benefits. Jow6MTUtZho-01209-00361222-00361367 And I won't spend time Jow6MTUtZho-01210-00361367-00361657 but you can see that there was a lot of effort put in Jow6MTUtZho-01211-00361657-00362157 to understanding these use cases and the outcomes. Jow6MTUtZho-01212-00362178-00362421 So, we started with a pilot, Jow6MTUtZho-01213-00362421-00362705 and we were worried Jow6MTUtZho-01214-00362705-00362912 about how successful the pilot was gonna be Jow6MTUtZho-01215-00362912-00363197 because it seemed to be a huge undertaking. Jow6MTUtZho-01216-00363197-00363329 And the interesting thing Jow6MTUtZho-01217-00363329-00363676 was that the results exceeded our expectations, Jow6MTUtZho-01218-00363785-00363935 which is always very rewarding Jow6MTUtZho-01219-00363935-00364104 when you're embarking on something new Jow6MTUtZho-01220-00364104-00364452 that you wanna convince your organization to keep funding, Jow6MTUtZho-01221-00364452-00364754 because you know that funding drives new activities. Jow6MTUtZho-01222-00364896-00365184 We were pleased with the results. Jow6MTUtZho-01223-00365184-00365469 We saw improvements in employee engagement, Jow6MTUtZho-01224-00365469-00365707 so I talked about myself personally, Jow6MTUtZho-01225-00365707-00365950 interested in getting those badges. Jow6MTUtZho-01226-00365950-00366408 We saw that employees were starting on their journey Jow6MTUtZho-01227-00366408-00366673 and they were actually finishing that journey. Jow6MTUtZho-01228-00366673-00366868 So they started a course, Jow6MTUtZho-01229-00366868-00367064 and sometimes, you abandon that course Jow6MTUtZho-01230-00367064-00367338 and you wanna get back to it but you don't. Jow6MTUtZho-01231-00367338-00367529 In this way, people were getting back to it, Jow6MTUtZho-01232-00367529-00367754 even when they put a pause on their learning. Jow6MTUtZho-01233-00367902-00368402 We also saw interesting pieces on product demonstrations. Jow6MTUtZho-01234-00368464-00368720 How is that connecting to badging? Jow6MTUtZho-01235-00368720-00369071 What we found was that learners were going in, Jow6MTUtZho-01236-00369071-00369340 looking at the skills that they could build, Jow6MTUtZho-01237-00369340-00369568 understanding some of our products, Jow6MTUtZho-01238-00369568-00369834 going and downloading free trials, Jow6MTUtZho-01239-00369834-00370051 playing with the technology, Jow6MTUtZho-01240-00370051-00370283 and then going to their places of work and saying, Jow6MTUtZho-01241-00370283-00370567 I'm spending hours doing this spreadsheet, Jow6MTUtZho-01242-00370567-00370842 there actually could be a better way for us to do this. Jow6MTUtZho-01243-00370842-00371001 And here's the technology, Jow6MTUtZho-01244-00371001-00371202 and here's the learning that I've had. Jow6MTUtZho-01245-00371202-00371378 Can I start with a pilot? Jow6MTUtZho-01246-00371378-00371798 So that was an outcome that we saw as well. Jow6MTUtZho-01247-00371930-00372360 And we saw a lot of activity on the social platforms. Jow6MTUtZho-01248-00372360-00372565 So what's the benefit of that to IBM? Jow6MTUtZho-01249-00372565-00372933 If there's a benefit to the earner or to the learner, Jow6MTUtZho-01250-00372933-00373303 they could showcase the talents that they had achieved, Jow6MTUtZho-01251-00373303-00373598 but there was also a marketing benefit. Jow6MTUtZho-01252-00373598-00373919 Think of how much it costs us to advertise. Jow6MTUtZho-01253-00373919-00374101 That was free advertising. Jow6MTUtZho-01254-00374101-00374316 We helped the learners get their badges, Jow6MTUtZho-01255-00374316-00374495 get the IBM brand out there. Jow6MTUtZho-01256-00374495-00374870 And quite frankly, that's a challenge for IBM these days. Jow6MTUtZho-01257-00374870-00375120 When I was younger, there was the P.C.. Jow6MTUtZho-01258-00375120-00375369 Many of us are old enough maybe to know the P.C. Jow6MTUtZho-01259-00375369-00375556 that had the little IBM sticker. Jow6MTUtZho-01260-00375556-00375790 People knew who IBM was. Jow6MTUtZho-01261-00375790-00375986 Nowadays, the younger generation, Jow6MTUtZho-01262-00375986-00376222 they don't necessarily see IBM. Jow6MTUtZho-01263-00376222-00376428 They see Google and they see Amazon, Jow6MTUtZho-01264-00376428-00376684 'cause they use Google Classrooms. Jow6MTUtZho-01265-00376684-00376799 But IBM traditionally Jow6MTUtZho-01266-00376799-00377094 has not been a business-to-consumer business, Jow6MTUtZho-01267-00377094-00377309 it's been business-to-business. Jow6MTUtZho-01268-00377309-00377564 So when we're talking to the younger generations Jow6MTUtZho-01269-00377564-00377779 about the skills that they need, Jow6MTUtZho-01270-00377779-00378023 they're saying, well, who is IBM? Jow6MTUtZho-01271-00378023-00378275 But they don't know until we spend the time with them, Jow6MTUtZho-01272-00378275-00378527 helping them understand, actually, Jow6MTUtZho-01273-00378527-00378916 the things that IBM powers from a technology standpoint. Jow6MTUtZho-01274-00378916-00379416 I say we're like the genie in "The Wizard of Oz", Jow6MTUtZho-01275-00379480-00379604 behind the curtain, Jow6MTUtZho-01276-00379604-00379889 we let our clients celebrate a lot of our successes, Jow6MTUtZho-01277-00379889-00380058 we're not out in the forefront saying, Jow6MTUtZho-01278-00380058-00380269 look at IBM, this is what we've done. Jow6MTUtZho-01279-00380269-00380548 We let our clients tell us how well we've done, Jow6MTUtZho-01280-00380548-00380741 but in a way, that hurts us Jow6MTUtZho-01281-00380741-00381011 because people don't necessarily know what we've done. Jow6MTUtZho-01282-00381162-00381306 So we do believe that badges Jow6MTUtZho-01283-00381306-00381633 are transforming every area of our business. Jow6MTUtZho-01284-00381633-00381824 We've seen the benefits, Jow6MTUtZho-01285-00381824-00382015 benefits across the earners, Jow6MTUtZho-01286-00382015-00382349 across our employees, across our clients, Jow6MTUtZho-01287-00382442-00382751 and we've measured some of those impacts. Jow6MTUtZho-01288-00382751-00383045 And I think even since this slide has been put together, Jow6MTUtZho-01289-00383045-00383269 there's been continued impacts Jow6MTUtZho-01290-00383269-00383632 that we're not necessarily measuring the same. Jow6MTUtZho-01291-00383632-00383760 I think the disruption Jow6MTUtZho-01292-00383760-00384092 that's taking place in and around skills Jow6MTUtZho-01293-00384092-00384443 is something that is very important to look at Jow6MTUtZho-01294-00384443-00384655 and to continue to understand Jow6MTUtZho-01295-00384655-00385028 where credentials are gonna disrupt education Jow6MTUtZho-01296-00385028-00385341 and employers as they're looking for skills. Jow6MTUtZho-01297-00385341-00385771 I know Kathleen mentioned Northeastern College. Jow6MTUtZho-01298-00385771-00386110 They were one of the early adopters of our badges. Jow6MTUtZho-01299-00386110-00386495 They actually have badges as part of their course credit. Jow6MTUtZho-01300-00386495-00386700 And we all know here locally Jow6MTUtZho-01301-00386700-00386948 that bringing new curriculum into your courses Jow6MTUtZho-01302-00386948-00387258 and achieving the key learning outcomes Jow6MTUtZho-01303-00387258-00387564 and the learning objectives takes a little bit of time. Jow6MTUtZho-01304-00387656-00387868 So hopefully, maybe that will change over time Jow6MTUtZho-01305-00387868-00388000 as there's more recognition Jow6MTUtZho-01306-00388000-00388348 that some of this change needs to be done more quickly, Jow6MTUtZho-01307-00388348-00388600 but they've actually started Jow6MTUtZho-01308-00388600-00388902 to be able to recognize students as part of the courses Jow6MTUtZho-01309-00389001-00389122 for the credentials. Jow6MTUtZho-01310-00389247-00389445 One of the biggest compliments for us Jow6MTUtZho-01311-00389445-00389784 is when our competitors look to us for guidance Jow6MTUtZho-01312-00389784-00390174 around how they could implement badging. Jow6MTUtZho-01313-00390174-00390332 And some people say to me, Jow6MTUtZho-01314-00390332-00390593 well, why would you work with your competitors? Jow6MTUtZho-01315-00390593-00390749 But the interesting thing is, Jow6MTUtZho-01316-00390749-00390929 often, some of our competitors Jow6MTUtZho-01317-00390929-00391133 are also our biggest partners. Jow6MTUtZho-01318-00391257-00391462 We work with organizations, Jow6MTUtZho-01319-00391462-00391621 and to think that the organization Jow6MTUtZho-01320-00391621-00392004 is only gonna buy IBM is not realistic. Jow6MTUtZho-01321-00392004-00392165 So by working with our partners Jow6MTUtZho-01322-00392165-00392427 and helping them look at the credentials Jow6MTUtZho-01323-00392427-00392762 like Microsoft and like Cisco as an example, Jow6MTUtZho-01324-00392762-00393051 it provided a great opportunity for us to collaborate, Jow6MTUtZho-01325-00393051-00393402 very much like you do within the academic space. Jow6MTUtZho-01326-00393488-00393727 I call it a co-optition Jow6MTUtZho-01327-00393727-00394051 where we work together in good faith. Jow6MTUtZho-01328-00394051-00394212 Also, there's a great example. Jow6MTUtZho-01329-00394212-00394366 How many of you, years ago, Jow6MTUtZho-01330-00394366-00394663 saw the PMP stamp in somebody's email Jow6MTUtZho-01331-00394663-00394878 with the little trademark? Jow6MTUtZho-01332-00394878-00395026 There's an evolution there. Jow6MTUtZho-01333-00395026-00395175 They're now doing badges. Jow6MTUtZho-01334-00395175-00395646 So they had a little bit of a PMP certification trademark, Jow6MTUtZho-01335-00395646-00395970 but they've modernized and brought it in into a credential. Jow6MTUtZho-01336-00396150-00396414 So, we are pleased to see Jow6MTUtZho-01337-00396414-00396859 that we've made significant progress in the badging. Jow6MTUtZho-01338-00396859-00396961 It's always an honor Jow6MTUtZho-01339-00396961-00397367 to be recognized outside of your organization. Jow6MTUtZho-01340-00397367-00397768 The opportunity to present here today is wonderful. Jow6MTUtZho-01341-00397768-00398057 And we believe that we've laid Jow6MTUtZho-01342-00398057-00398325 some great groundwork on badging, Jow6MTUtZho-01343-00398325-00398760 but we do believe we've just dipped our toes. Jow6MTUtZho-01344-00398760-00398916 There's tremendous opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-01345-00398916-00399128 and we wanna keep measuring that. Jow6MTUtZho-01346-00399317-00399686 I'm a psychology major so I always go back to the person. Jow6MTUtZho-01347-00399686-00399999 When I hear a story like Coletta's, Jow6MTUtZho-01348-00399999-00400225 that she was a mother, Jow6MTUtZho-01349-00400225-00400492 had been out of the workforce for a number of years Jow6MTUtZho-01350-00400492-00400794 and was now looking at getting back into the workforce, Jow6MTUtZho-01351-00400794-00400936 and was having a challenge. Jow6MTUtZho-01352-00400936-00401100 People were looking at her resume Jow6MTUtZho-01353-00401100-00401390 and not thinking that she had been kept up-to-date. Jow6MTUtZho-01354-00401390-00401763 She actually enrolled, took some IBM micro-credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-01355-00401763-00401961 got those on her resume, Jow6MTUtZho-01356-00401961-00402281 and she started to get some hits on her resume. Jow6MTUtZho-01357-00402281-00402498 That's a very powerful story. Jow6MTUtZho-01358-00402498-00402823 So I'd like to actually meet Coletta and shake her hand Jow6MTUtZho-01359-00402823-00402984 because I think that's always a challenge Jow6MTUtZho-01360-00402984-00403227 of how to get back into the workforce Jow6MTUtZho-01361-00403227-00403458 after being out for a period of time. Jow6MTUtZho-01362-00403458-00403685 So congratulations to Coletta. Jow6MTUtZho-01363-00403813-00404083 So locally, we've had some great partnerships Jow6MTUtZho-01364-00404083-00404319 with our academic institutions, Jow6MTUtZho-01365-00404319-00404819 both locally here in Ontario, as well as with Alberta. Jow6MTUtZho-01366-00404855-00405089 One of the driving forces in Alberta Jow6MTUtZho-01367-00405089-00405496 to look at this up-skilling and re-skilling Jow6MTUtZho-01368-00405496-00405706 is the oil and gas industry. Jow6MTUtZho-01369-00405706-00405889 There's been a lot of job loss, Jow6MTUtZho-01370-00405889-00406176 and a lot of very, very skilled workers, Jow6MTUtZho-01371-00406176-00406433 but very unique sets of skills. Jow6MTUtZho-01372-00406524-00406623 There's thought that Jow6MTUtZho-01373-00406623-00406991 if they're looking at up-skilling and re-skilling, Jow6MTUtZho-01374-00406991-00407287 some of those skills are very transferable, Jow6MTUtZho-01375-00407287-00407482 so by working with credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-01376-00407568-00407786 those employees can get re-skilled Jow6MTUtZho-01377-00407786-00408038 and get back into the workforce Jow6MTUtZho-01378-00408038-00408241 in a totally different industry. Jow6MTUtZho-01379-00408241-00408447 So thank you to our early adopters Jow6MTUtZho-01380-00408447-00408765 of Mohawk, Seneca Valley, and Sate. Jow6MTUtZho-01381-00408765-00408997 I remember some of those early conversations Jow6MTUtZho-01382-00408997-00409214 with those academic institutions. Jow6MTUtZho-01383-00409356-00409568 It started to explore credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-01384-00409568-00409727 and when we walked in and said, Jow6MTUtZho-01385-00409727-00409925 we've got a micro-credential Jow6MTUtZho-01386-00409925-00410224 that we think would be of interest to you in blockchain. Jow6MTUtZho-01387-00410351-00410446 They said, "Blockchain? Jow6MTUtZho-01388-00410446-00410552 "What's blockchain?" Jow6MTUtZho-01389-00410552-00410949 So when they looked at the effort that would be required Jow6MTUtZho-01390-00410949-00411389 to build a curriculum and build a sandbox and a tool set Jow6MTUtZho-01391-00411389-00411714 that could help train students on blockchain, Jow6MTUtZho-01392-00411714-00412128 it was very attractive to be able to work with us Jow6MTUtZho-01393-00412218-00412509 on providing the students those learning opportunities. Jow6MTUtZho-01394-00412659-00412775 So lessons learned. Jow6MTUtZho-01395-00412775-00412989 We always need to look at lessons learned Jow6MTUtZho-01396-00412989-00413349 as part of our ongoing journey through learning. Jow6MTUtZho-01397-00413349-00413718 And in IBM fashion, we came up with 10 steps Jow6MTUtZho-01398-00413718-00414125 to a successful, high-impact of a badge program. Jow6MTUtZho-01399-00414339-00414534 I'll let you read through some of these Jow6MTUtZho-01400-00414534-00414971 but it's very key throughout the journey of your badge Jow6MTUtZho-01401-00414971-00415434 in program to start with the why, communicate, Jow6MTUtZho-01402-00415434-00415671 ensure there's the executive buy-in Jow6MTUtZho-01403-00415671-00416039 at your organization or your academic institution. Jow6MTUtZho-01404-00416039-00416275 One of the challenges I think many of us have Jow6MTUtZho-01405-00416275-00416484 is we all have great ideas, Jow6MTUtZho-01406-00416484-00416749 but if they're not supported by the right people, Jow6MTUtZho-01407-00416851-00417021 it's very challenging sometimes Jow6MTUtZho-01408-00417021-00417281 to get what I call that ground swell Jow6MTUtZho-01409-00417281-00417705 to help you take that good idea into the next stages. Jow6MTUtZho-01410-00417889-00418022 So what's next? Jow6MTUtZho-01411-00418107-00418353 We believe, and I've alluded to blockchain, Jow6MTUtZho-01412-00418353-00418551 if you don't know what blockchain is, Jow6MTUtZho-01413-00418551-00418914 it might be something to spend a little bit of time on. Jow6MTUtZho-01414-00419039-00419435 We believe what blockchain can do in the future Jow6MTUtZho-01415-00419435-00419850 is what the internet did for all of us 15 years ago. Jow6MTUtZho-01416-00419993-00420114 Blockchain, we believe, Jow6MTUtZho-01417-00420114-00420413 has an opportunity to bring networks together. Jow6MTUtZho-01418-00420413-00420853 And there was a question earlier about who is the curator. Jow6MTUtZho-01419-00420853-00421035 And one of the points-of-views Jow6MTUtZho-01420-00421035-00421301 is that there's a learning credential network Jow6MTUtZho-01421-00421301-00421497 that could be created, Jow6MTUtZho-01422-00421497-00421867 whereby a student owns the credentials that they have. Jow6MTUtZho-01423-00421989-00422181 A little bit of a story to share, Jow6MTUtZho-01424-00422181-00422504 my niece went to school to become a nurse. Jow6MTUtZho-01425-00422504-00422777 She graduated with her nursing diploma, Jow6MTUtZho-01426-00422777-00423233 she had to wait six weeks before she could write her exam Jow6MTUtZho-01427-00423233-00423510 because the process needed to be moved through Jow6MTUtZho-01428-00423510-00423772 for her to get evidence to the testing center Jow6MTUtZho-01429-00423772-00423996 so that she could write her exam. Jow6MTUtZho-01430-00423996-00424193 She had a job offer Jow6MTUtZho-01431-00424193-00424431 but she needed to pass her test first Jow6MTUtZho-01432-00424431-00424676 before she could accept the job offer. Jow6MTUtZho-01433-00424676-00424885 In a learning credential network, Jow6MTUtZho-01434-00424885-00425078 all of that could be in Jow6MTUtZho-01435-00425078-00425406 what I call the digital wallet or a digital locker Jow6MTUtZho-01436-00425406-00425612 where that student could have their credential, Jow6MTUtZho-01437-00425612-00425885 they could have their diploma, they could have their grades, Jow6MTUtZho-01438-00425885-00426088 they could have their references, Jow6MTUtZho-01439-00426088-00426299 they could have their police check, Jow6MTUtZho-01440-00426299-00426495 where all of that would need to be done Jow6MTUtZho-01441-00426495-00426722 in a very timely process. Jow6MTUtZho-01442-00426722-00426959 So I believe, and we are of the thought Jow6MTUtZho-01443-00426959-00427247 that we're on the cusp of blockchain in this network Jow6MTUtZho-01444-00427247-00427564 and there's no better network than in higher education, Jow6MTUtZho-01445-00427564-00427805 where we are transient and where we work, Jow6MTUtZho-01446-00427805-00428276 and students need to work their way through that process, Jow6MTUtZho-01447-00428276-00428630 and sometimes, it's not necessarily always an easy process. Jow6MTUtZho-01448-00428767-00428850 So thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-01449-00428850-00429134 Hopefully, that was enlightening, Jow6MTUtZho-01450-00429134-00429570 and that, if anything, maybe you took away those 10 steps Jow6MTUtZho-01451-00429570-00429932 to help you be successful on your next journey. Jow6MTUtZho-01452-00429932-00430102 So, open for questions. Jow6MTUtZho-01453-00430102-00430402 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-01454-00431243-00431346 No questions? Jow6MTUtZho-01455-00431346-00431590 Oh, I'm gonna get off easy. (laughs) Jow6MTUtZho-01456-00432621-00432730 - [Audience Member] I'm curious, Jow6MTUtZho-01457-00432730-00433183 outside of the IBM badges that you offer, Jow6MTUtZho-01458-00433183-00433554 how does IBM view similar badges Jow6MTUtZho-01459-00433554-00433897 coming from other institutions? Jow6MTUtZho-01460-00433897-00434117 - Sorry, how do we view? Jow6MTUtZho-01461-00434117-00434403 - [Audience Member] Badges coming, or micro-credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-01462-00434403-00434653 badges coming from other institutions Jow6MTUtZho-01463-00434653-00434848 that you, yourselves, did not issue? Jow6MTUtZho-01464-00434978-00435080 - Great question. Jow6MTUtZho-01465-00435322-00435822 IBM is innovative often in the way we use our badges, Jow6MTUtZho-01466-00435843-00436243 but we necessarily haven't matured as quickly maybe Jow6MTUtZho-01467-00436243-00436560 on how we're gonna use those badges to our advantage Jow6MTUtZho-01468-00436560-00436826 in our hiring practices. Jow6MTUtZho-01469-00436826-00437152 So if I was the director of HR, Jow6MTUtZho-01470-00437152-00437421 I probably would, maybe don't quote me here, Jow6MTUtZho-01471-00437421-00437710 but would say we're on a journey Jow6MTUtZho-01472-00437710-00438088 to figure out how we use badging from other organizations Jow6MTUtZho-01473-00438088-00438274 to help us recruit talent. Jow6MTUtZho-01474-00438374-00438484 So we're not there yet, Jow6MTUtZho-01475-00438484-00438626 but although we know this is Jow6MTUtZho-01476-00438626-00438855 where the industry is going to go, Jow6MTUtZho-01477-00438855-00439058 where we are using it internally Jow6MTUtZho-01478-00439058-00439360 is around the opportunities for employees Jow6MTUtZho-01479-00439360-00439741 to move from one organization or one project to another Jow6MTUtZho-01480-00439831-00439987 with those skills that they've mastered. Jow6MTUtZho-01481-00439987-00440153 So we're much more mature looking at Jow6MTUtZho-01482-00440153-00440350 how we're using our own badges Jow6MTUtZho-01483-00440350-00440692 than how we're using other organizations' badges. Jow6MTUtZho-01484-00440942-00441026 - [Audience Member] Hi! Jow6MTUtZho-01485-00441026-00441109 - Hi! Jow6MTUtZho-01486-00441109-00441492 - [Audience Member] With IBM being a global corporation, Jow6MTUtZho-01487-00441629-00442043 are you using badges to recruit people globally, Jow6MTUtZho-01488-00442043-00442368 or that could be applied globally? Jow6MTUtZho-01489-00442368-00442541 - Yeah, it's interesting. Jow6MTUtZho-01490-00442541-00442828 It's a good question because as a global company, Jow6MTUtZho-01491-00442828-00443004 one of the things that we even found Jow6MTUtZho-01492-00443004-00443307 when we were rolling out our badging program Jow6MTUtZho-01493-00443307-00443688 is the proficiency across the world is very different. Jow6MTUtZho-01494-00443688-00444188 So some of the understandings that we think in North America Jow6MTUtZho-01495-00444209-00444452 are common throughout the world, Jow6MTUtZho-01496-00444452-00444668 in some of the developing countries, Jow6MTUtZho-01497-00444668-00444921 we actually had to take that to a, Jow6MTUtZho-01498-00444921-00445218 I don't wanna say a lower level, but a more granular level, Jow6MTUtZho-01499-00445218-00445439 because the base of those learners Jow6MTUtZho-01500-00445439-00445824 maybe was very different than we were here in North America. Jow6MTUtZho-01501-00445824-00446067 So we've actually had to take some of the badging Jow6MTUtZho-01502-00446067-00446392 and redesign it based on the geography Jow6MTUtZho-01503-00446392-00446671 as to where learners reside. Jow6MTUtZho-01504-00446899-00447095 One of the beginning projects Jow6MTUtZho-01505-00447095-00447416 that we did in this badging space was in Africa Jow6MTUtZho-01506-00447416-00447858 around looking at how we help their large population, Jow6MTUtZho-01507-00448025-00448196 a very large portion of their population Jow6MTUtZho-01508-00448196-00448464 is that sweet spot where learning takes place. Jow6MTUtZho-01509-00448464-00448916 And so, our CEO at the time, Ginni Rometty, Jow6MTUtZho-01510-00448916-00449292 actually invested a lot in the Africa Skills Program Jow6MTUtZho-01511-00449292-00449726 and we've issued a lot of badges even in the country there Jow6MTUtZho-01512-00449726-00449905 because we believe it's an opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-01513-00449905-00450181 for them to move their economy forward as well. Jow6MTUtZho-01514-00450181-00450362 So there are definitely differences. Jow6MTUtZho-01515-00450487-00450689 - [Audience Member] So, first, let me compliment you, Jow6MTUtZho-01516-00450689-00450842 it's great work you're doing. Jow6MTUtZho-01517-00450842-00450925 - Thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-01518-00451060-00451241 - [Audience Member] I am also wondering Jow6MTUtZho-01519-00451241-00451512 about the piece of interoperability. Jow6MTUtZho-01520-00451512-00451944 So you talked about how you on the IMS Award, Jow6MTUtZho-01521-00452122-00452283 the way you are doing it, Jow6MTUtZho-01522-00452283-00452693 is it product-certified by IMS Global? Jow6MTUtZho-01523-00452693-00452933 How are you ensuring interoperability Jow6MTUtZho-01524-00452933-00453200 so that you can do that partnering that you talked Jow6MTUtZho-01525-00453200-00453558 about with organizations like Cisco, et cetera? Jow6MTUtZho-01526-00453558-00453925 'Cause otherwise, it's difficult to make sure Jow6MTUtZho-01527-00453925-00454125 they're all talking on the same highway. Jow6MTUtZho-01528-00454268-00454551 - I'm not the expert on who's worked Jow6MTUtZho-01529-00454551-00454892 with some of those governing organizations Jow6MTUtZho-01530-00455009-00455372 but one of the things that we've always made sure Jow6MTUtZho-01531-00455372-00455521 as an IBM organization Jow6MTUtZho-01532-00455521-00456021 is that we worked with the right leading organizations Jow6MTUtZho-01533-00456022-00456181 to make sure that the methodologies Jow6MTUtZho-01534-00456181-00456458 and the practices that we're following are in line Jow6MTUtZho-01535-00456547-00456797 with some of those governing bodies. Jow6MTUtZho-01536-00456797-00456964 If you want some more information on that, Jow6MTUtZho-01537-00456964-00457175 I'd be happy to reach out to David Lesser Jow6MTUtZho-01538-00457175-00457675 who is our spearhead in IBM and our expert around Jow6MTUtZho-01539-00457708-00458002 how we've done a lot of that as our ground breaking. Jow6MTUtZho-01540-00458326-00458421 - [Audience Member] Thank you very much Jow6MTUtZho-01541-00458421-00458622 for the presentation. Jow6MTUtZho-01542-00458622-00459075 My concern about this digital budget Jow6MTUtZho-01543-00459075-00459439 will be on the integrity side of things. Jow6MTUtZho-01544-00459439-00459939 How do you ensure that whoever is getting the badge Jow6MTUtZho-01545-00459955-00460405 is actually the person that the badge being awarded to? Jow6MTUtZho-01546-00460603-00460804 - That the individual that's taking the badge Jow6MTUtZho-01547-00460804-00461060 has actually done the work? Jow6MTUtZho-01548-00461060-00461176 - [Audience Member] Yes. Jow6MTUtZho-01549-00461176-00461301 - That's a good question. Jow6MTUtZho-01550-00461434-00461670 Trust? (laughs) Jow6MTUtZho-01551-00461762-00462043 It's very interesting 'cause when we first started to do Jow6MTUtZho-01552-00462383-00462602 the testing in some of the classrooms, Jow6MTUtZho-01553-00462602-00462981 and it was one of our early adopter institutions, Jow6MTUtZho-01554-00462981-00463113 and I was proctoring. Jow6MTUtZho-01555-00463113-00463417 I had never been a proctor, that was never on my resume. Jow6MTUtZho-01556-00463417-00463704 It was never something that I even knew I could do. Jow6MTUtZho-01557-00463704-00464002 And I went to the institution and they said to me, Jow6MTUtZho-01558-00464002-00464130 okay, before your proctor, Jow6MTUtZho-01559-00464130-00464321 I need to spend 15 minutes with you Jow6MTUtZho-01560-00464321-00464508 and tell you how students cheat. Jow6MTUtZho-01561-00464638-00465092 And I was flabbergasted at what were opportunity. Jow6MTUtZho-01562-00465235-00465735 In the situations with the badges that are proctored, Jow6MTUtZho-01563-00465747-00465883 there's a sign-in process Jow6MTUtZho-01564-00465883-00466171 and there's a bit of a rigor around that. Jow6MTUtZho-01565-00466171-00466274 So for the programs Jow6MTUtZho-01566-00466274-00466508 that we've got with the academic institutions, Jow6MTUtZho-01567-00466508-00466733 there is a little bit more of that rigor Jow6MTUtZho-01568-00466733-00467018 with the program of study and the student. Jow6MTUtZho-01569-00467018-00467458 So those ones are definitely validated. Jow6MTUtZho-01570-00467458-00467797 Maybe in the future, with the way technology is, Jow6MTUtZho-01571-00467797-00468128 it could be a retinal scan or a thumbprint, Jow6MTUtZho-01572-00468128-00468291 but we're not there today. Jow6MTUtZho-01573-00468558-00468980 There's lots of ways I think we could do that authenticity, Jow6MTUtZho-01574-00468980-00469272 but policies and practices are preventing us Jow6MTUtZho-01575-00469272-00469605 from invoking some of those. (laughs) Jow6MTUtZho-01576-00470120-00470247 - [Audience Member] Hi, thank you so much Jow6MTUtZho-01577-00470247-00470443 for all of your comments so far. Jow6MTUtZho-01578-00470443-00470643 I noticed that you use open badging Jow6MTUtZho-01579-00470643-00470785 and an open badging standard. Jow6MTUtZho-01580-00470785-00471064 Can you talk to us about why that was important to IBM? Jow6MTUtZho-01581-00471064-00471357 What influenced your decision to make that choice? Jow6MTUtZho-01582-00471357-00471652 Anything that we can understand better about that? Jow6MTUtZho-01583-00471652-00471735 - Yeah. Jow6MTUtZho-01584-00471829-00472139 I can just touch with that at a very high level Jow6MTUtZho-01585-00472139-00472420 'cause I wasn't on the committee that made the decision. Jow6MTUtZho-01586-00472679-00473093 Typically, when IBM is going to go out and adopt something, Jow6MTUtZho-01587-00473093-00473268 there's a lot of rigor around Jow6MTUtZho-01588-00473268-00473624 is it actually gonna help us meet the objectives? Jow6MTUtZho-01589-00473624-00473868 Often, we will build things on our own, Jow6MTUtZho-01590-00473868-00474030 and often, there are things Jow6MTUtZho-01591-00474030-00474252 that we will go and look at others Jow6MTUtZho-01592-00474347-00474485 to be able to help us with. Jow6MTUtZho-01593-00474485-00474907 And I think When they looked at some of the requirements Jow6MTUtZho-01594-00474907-00475225 and some of the objectives that we had, Jow6MTUtZho-01595-00475225-00475364 we didn't wanna be in a position Jow6MTUtZho-01596-00475364-00475677 of reinventing the wheel on something. Jow6MTUtZho-01597-00475677-00475975 So I think when the Open Badges was looked at, Jow6MTUtZho-01598-00475975-00476306 and in the timing that we wanted to get started with, Jow6MTUtZho-01599-00476306-00476662 it ticked a lot of those boxes. Jow6MTUtZho-01600-00476662-00476784 And that's something Jow6MTUtZho-01601-00476784-00477157 that when you're looking at some of these programs, Jow6MTUtZho-01602-00477157-00477545 there's always technology behind some of these programs. Jow6MTUtZho-01603-00477545-00477710 How you build your framework Jow6MTUtZho-01604-00477710-00478066 and how do you build the infrastructure and the architecture Jow6MTUtZho-01605-00478066-00478235 to be able to do that? Jow6MTUtZho-01606-00478235-00478401 It's quite a big undertaking. Jow6MTUtZho-01607-00478401-00478781 So sometimes, when you can benefit from some of that work Jow6MTUtZho-01608-00478781-00479032 that others have done to help you get there Jow6MTUtZho-01609-00479032-00479443 a little bit faster, I think that could be part of it, Jow6MTUtZho-01610-00479443-00479774 but David may have a bigger checklist Jow6MTUtZho-01611-00479774-00479976 than my high-level checklist. Jow6MTUtZho-01612-00480496-00480715 - Please join me in thanking Kerri Moreno for the quick. Jow6MTUtZho-01613-00480715-00480916 Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait! Jow6MTUtZho-01614-00480916-00481152 (both laughing) Jow6MTUtZho-01615-00481152-00481435 - Thank you! - Thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-01616-00481435-00481747 Okay, this is your chance to go and talk to each other Jow6MTUtZho-01617-00481747-00481932 about all of the things you're wondering Jow6MTUtZho-01618-00481932-00482083 and all of the big questions you have. Jow6MTUtZho-01619-00482083-00482256 We've got a 30-minute networking break, Jow6MTUtZho-01620-00482256-00482412 there's coffee, tea, Jow6MTUtZho-01621-00482412-00482746 and we'll come back here for our third keynote. Jow6MTUtZho-01622-00482746-00483032 (people chattering) Jow6MTUtZho-01623-00483032-00483172 - Thanks. Jow6MTUtZho-01624-00483172-00483264 I'm Michel Singh. Jow6MTUtZho-01625-00483264-00483618 I'm the chief technology officer at eCampusOntario Jow6MTUtZho-01626-00483618-00483747 and I'm happy to present you Jow6MTUtZho-01627-00483747-00483997 your third keynote speaker for today. Jow6MTUtZho-01628-00484267-00484680 So I'm pleased to introduce Anne-Marie Fannon. Jow6MTUtZho-01629-00484680-00484921 Anne is director of Professional Development Program Jow6MTUtZho-01630-00484921-00485071 at the University of Waterloo. Jow6MTUtZho-01631-00485159-00485539 In this work, she oversees the development and delivery Jow6MTUtZho-01632-00485539-00485724 of curriculum that supports students Jow6MTUtZho-01633-00485724-00485972 in work-integrated learning opportunities, Jow6MTUtZho-01634-00485972-00486312 including the-well known Waterloo EDGE Program. Jow6MTUtZho-01635-00486501-00486679 Through her work at Waterloo, Jow6MTUtZho-01636-00486679-00486856 Anne also supports Jow6MTUtZho-01637-00486856-00487077 the University's lifelong learning initiatives, Jow6MTUtZho-01638-00487077-00487459 including its exploration with micro-credentials. Jow6MTUtZho-01639-00487459-00487741 She's engaged in the CE WIL community Jow6MTUtZho-01640-00487741-00487960 and has a clear and intentional goal Jow6MTUtZho-01641-00487960-00488285 of sharing with others how post-secondary institution Jow6MTUtZho-01642-00488285-00488579 can better engage and innovate with students Jow6MTUtZho-01643-00488579-00488835 through workforce-driven initiatives. Jow6MTUtZho-01644-00488835-00489096 Please join me in welcoming Anne. Jow6MTUtZho-01645-00489096-00489396 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-01646-00490252-00490449 - Well, thanks so much, Michel. Jow6MTUtZho-01647-00490449-00490668 I'd like to say thanks to eCampusOntario Jow6MTUtZho-01648-00490668-00490975 for the invitation to speak and to share a little bit Jow6MTUtZho-01649-00490975-00491259 about what we're up to at the University of Waterloo. Jow6MTUtZho-01650-00491259-00491441 Similarly, I'm very excited Jow6MTUtZho-01651-00491441-00491647 to see your presentations this afternoon Jow6MTUtZho-01652-00491647-00491808 and to learn more about the great work Jow6MTUtZho-01653-00491808-00492091 that's underway across our province. Jow6MTUtZho-01654-00492091-00492285 So as you heard in the introduction, Jow6MTUtZho-01655-00492285-00492554 and as you might guess from the title of my presentation, Jow6MTUtZho-01656-00492554-00492859 I am a huge fan of work-integrated learning Jow6MTUtZho-01657-00492859-00493014 and the impact that it can have Jow6MTUtZho-01658-00493014-00493253 on our post-secondary institutions, Jow6MTUtZho-01659-00493253-00493447 our community, and industry partners, Jow6MTUtZho-01660-00493447-00493696 and of course, on our students. Jow6MTUtZho-01661-00493696-00493879 I also happen to think that as we Jow6MTUtZho-01662-00493879-00494033 in the post-secondary sector Jow6MTUtZho-01663-00494033-00494267 start to explore the role of micro-credentials Jow6MTUtZho-01664-00494267-00494449 in traditional education, Jow6MTUtZho-01665-00494449-00494601 that WIL programs provide us Jow6MTUtZho-01666-00494601-00494876 with a unique and well-established foundation Jow6MTUtZho-01667-00494876-00495214 for competency-based micro-credentials. Jow6MTUtZho-01668-00495214-00495418 So for the next 30 minutes or so, Jow6MTUtZho-01669-00495418-00495664 we're gonna dive into the hot topic of skills, Jow6MTUtZho-01670-00495664-00495904 exploring how WIL programs can be structured Jow6MTUtZho-01671-00495904-00496112 to both equip our students with the skills Jow6MTUtZho-01672-00496112-00496327 that industry needs today, Jow6MTUtZho-01673-00496327-00496575 while simultaneously assisting them Jow6MTUtZho-01674-00496575-00496922 in developing critical competencies that will be necessary Jow6MTUtZho-01675-00496922-00497274 for navigating a rapidly-changing future of work. Jow6MTUtZho-01676-00497274-00497405 And then to wrap it all up, Jow6MTUtZho-01677-00497405-00497616 we'll explore the role of micro-credentialing Jow6MTUtZho-01678-00497616-00497972 in assessing and evidencing skill development through WIL. Jow6MTUtZho-01679-00497972-00498055 Sound good? Jow6MTUtZho-01680-00498349-00498620 So many of you will know that the University of Waterloo Jow6MTUtZho-01681-00498620-00498824 was the first post-secondary institution Jow6MTUtZho-01682-00498824-00499145 to introduce the co-op model of education in Canada. Jow6MTUtZho-01683-00499145-00499405 And while we came under sharp criticism at the time, Jow6MTUtZho-01684-00499405-00499657 the institution itself was founded with the notion Jow6MTUtZho-01685-00499657-00500010 that students can and should deepen their skills Jow6MTUtZho-01686-00500010-00500305 and enhance their employability by engaging with industry Jow6MTUtZho-01687-00500305-00500548 as an essential component of their degree. Jow6MTUtZho-01688-00500664-00500929 Today, whether through our long-standing co-op program, Jow6MTUtZho-01689-00500929-00501133 or our newly-introduced EDGE Program, Jow6MTUtZho-01690-00501133-00501310 every single undergraduate student Jow6MTUtZho-01691-00501310-00501489 at the University of Waterloo Jow6MTUtZho-01692-00501489-00501656 can complete work-integrated learning Jow6MTUtZho-01693-00501656-00501910 as a part of their degree program. Jow6MTUtZho-01694-00501910-00502170 And if you aren't familiar with what that looks like, Jow6MTUtZho-01695-00502170-00502497 every single student will complete multiple work-based Jow6MTUtZho-01696-00502497-00502781 work-integrated learning experiences. Jow6MTUtZho-01697-00502781-00502900 For our co-op students, Jow6MTUtZho-01698-00502900-00503283 that means at least four four-month paid work terms, Jow6MTUtZho-01699-00503283-00503564 so also important to know that it's not a placement process. Jow6MTUtZho-01700-00503564-00503747 It's a competitive job process. Jow6MTUtZho-01701-00503747-00503908 Students compete for jobs, Jow6MTUtZho-01702-00503908-00504332 and oftentimes, employers compete for students. Jow6MTUtZho-01703-00504332-00504472 Another interesting note Jow6MTUtZho-01704-00504472-00504753 is that it is a centralized job program. Jow6MTUtZho-01705-00504753-00505058 So what that means is that almost every student Jow6MTUtZho-01706-00505058-00505322 can apply for almost every job. Jow6MTUtZho-01707-00505322-00505516 It's up to the student to know their skills Jow6MTUtZho-01708-00505516-00505754 and to be able to market them to the employer, Jow6MTUtZho-01709-00505754-00505999 regardless of their academic discipline. Jow6MTUtZho-01710-00506151-00506410 The centralized nature of our co-op program is not unique. Jow6MTUtZho-01711-00506410-00506685 You will find other centralized programs across Canada. Jow6MTUtZho-01712-00506902-00507068 What is unique about our program though is, Jow6MTUtZho-01713-00507068-00507205 of course, its size. Jow6MTUtZho-01714-00507205-00507429 So last year, we supported students Jow6MTUtZho-01715-00507429-00507747 in completing close to 22,000 paid work terms, Jow6MTUtZho-01716-00507747-00508047 working with over 7,000 employers Jow6MTUtZho-01717-00508047-00508324 in more than 60 different countries. Jow6MTUtZho-01718-00508324-00508475 What that means is we do run Jow6MTUtZho-01719-00508475-00508655 the world's largest co-op program, Jow6MTUtZho-01720-00508655-00508864 and we're really proud of those numbers Jow6MTUtZho-01721-00508864-00509206 but we're even more proud of the impact of the program Jow6MTUtZho-01722-00509206-00509524 and that we have been able to scale work-integrated learning Jow6MTUtZho-01723-00509524-00509705 while still maintaining quality Jow6MTUtZho-01724-00509705-00509936 and achieving intended outcomes. Jow6MTUtZho-01725-00510397-00510545 So later on in the presentation, Jow6MTUtZho-01726-00510545-00510701 we'll take a look at some of the rich Jow6MTUtZho-01727-00510701-00510839 and broad scale development Jow6MTUtZho-01728-00510839-00511010 that can occur through participation Jow6MTUtZho-01729-00511010-00511183 in work-integrated learning. Jow6MTUtZho-01730-00511183-00511322 For now, I just wanted to share Jow6MTUtZho-01731-00511322-00511556 a couple of the high-level success indicators Jow6MTUtZho-01732-00511556-00511866 that we look at with respect to our co-op program. Jow6MTUtZho-01733-00511866-00512100 So first of all, we wanna make sure that students get jobs. Jow6MTUtZho-01734-00512100-00512524 And last year, 97.6% of our students were employed. Jow6MTUtZho-01735-00512524-00512622 We also wanna make sure Jow6MTUtZho-01736-00512622-00512841 that they do a good job in those jobs. Jow6MTUtZho-01737-00512841-00513087 Each student receives an end-of-term evaluation Jow6MTUtZho-01738-00513087-00513233 from their employer. Jow6MTUtZho-01739-00513233-00513477 95% of co-op students last year Jow6MTUtZho-01740-00513477-00513633 received an overall evaluation Jow6MTUtZho-01741-00513633-00514053 with a rating ranging from very good to outstanding. Jow6MTUtZho-01742-00514053-00514446 We also talked about income and students needing income Jow6MTUtZho-01743-00514446-00514772 to support the pursuit of their post-secondary education. Jow6MTUtZho-01744-00514772-00515053 Co-op is a paid form of work-integrated learning. Jow6MTUtZho-01745-00515053-00515328 Last year, students at the University of Waterloo Jow6MTUtZho-01746-00515328-00515593 earned $285 million, Jow6MTUtZho-01747-00515593-00516091 with an average earnings per co-op work term of $12,400. Jow6MTUtZho-01748-00516214-00516397 We see that economic impact Jow6MTUtZho-01749-00516397-00516660 continue after graduation as well. Jow6MTUtZho-01750-00516660-00516793 So when we look Jow6MTUtZho-01751-00516793-00517072 at some Ontario university graduate survey data, Jow6MTUtZho-01752-00517072-00517262 we see some really interesting outcomes Jow6MTUtZho-01753-00517262-00517464 from participation in a co-op program. Jow6MTUtZho-01754-00517550-00517910 82% of Waterloo graduates were earning $50,000 Jow6MTUtZho-01755-00517910-00518056 two years after graduation. Jow6MTUtZho-01756-00518056-00518309 That compares to 45% Jow6MTUtZho-01757-00518309-00518638 of Ontario graduate across the province. Jow6MTUtZho-01758-00518638-00518983 And another interesting metric is with respect to skills Jow6MTUtZho-01759-00518983-00519195 and alignment of skills with employment. Jow6MTUtZho-01760-00519195-00519468 So six months after graduation, Jow6MTUtZho-01761-00519468-00519731 96% of co-op students indicated Jow6MTUtZho-01762-00519731-00519858 that they were working in a job Jow6MTUtZho-01763-00519858-00520216 that related to the skills they developed at Waterloo. Jow6MTUtZho-01764-00520216-00520627 That compares to 79% of students across the province. Jow6MTUtZho-01765-00520627-00520909 And when we get into the ways in which we talk Jow6MTUtZho-01766-00520909-00521157 and think about skill development through co-op, Jow6MTUtZho-01767-00521157-00521433 that might help to eliminate that statistic. Jow6MTUtZho-01768-00521699-00521935 On the industry and economic impact side, Jow6MTUtZho-01769-00521935-00522128 we also see some pretty remarkable gains Jow6MTUtZho-01770-00522128-00522402 for participation in work-integrated learning. Jow6MTUtZho-01771-00522402-00522703 Last year, Deloitte completed an economic impact study Jow6MTUtZho-01772-00522703-00522853 at the University of Waterloo Jow6MTUtZho-01773-00522853-00523134 and calculated the economic contribution Jow6MTUtZho-01774-00523134-00523543 of Waterloo's co-op program alone at $410 million Jow6MTUtZho-01775-00523543-00523772 toward Ontario's GDP, Jow6MTUtZho-01776-00523772-00523985 noting that the program led to the creation Jow6MTUtZho-01777-00523985-00524208 of over 4,000 full-time jobs Jow6MTUtZho-01778-00524208-00524542 that is separate from the co-op work terms themselves. Jow6MTUtZho-01779-00524629-00524825 And in a recent study done by the colleagues Jow6MTUtZho-01780-00524825-00525078 at the Center for the Advancement of Cooperative Education, Jow6MTUtZho-01781-00525078-00525362 which is our research center on work-integrated learning, Jow6MTUtZho-01782-00525362-00525691 when asked specifically about the return on investment Jow6MTUtZho-01783-00525691-00525885 for hiring, training, and supervising Jow6MTUtZho-01784-00525885-00526072 their most recent co-op student, Jow6MTUtZho-01785-00526072-00526531 93% of employers reported a positive ROI, Jow6MTUtZho-01786-00526531-00526799 with 79% of them saying they got more Jow6MTUtZho-01787-00526799-00527092 or much more from their student than they put in, Jow6MTUtZho-01788-00527092-00527346 and then another 81% of them saying Jow6MTUtZho-01789-00527346-00527643 they would offer that student a full-time position Jow6MTUtZho-01790-00527643-00527805 should one become available. Jow6MTUtZho-01791-00527924-00528210 So those are some really powerful reasons Jow6MTUtZho-01792-00528210-00528376 for supporting work-integrated learning, Jow6MTUtZho-01793-00528376-00528581 some really compelling data. Jow6MTUtZho-01794-00528581-00528851 But to be frank, those are the traditional reasons Jow6MTUtZho-01795-00528851-00529005 for engaging in work-integrated learning. Jow6MTUtZho-01796-00529005-00529384 Those are the exact reasons that industry leaders found Jow6MTUtZho-01797-00529384-00529512 partnered with the founders Jow6MTUtZho-01798-00529512-00529974 of the University of Waterloo in 1957 to establish co-op. Jow6MTUtZho-01799-00529974-00530150 But the question that myself Jow6MTUtZho-01800-00530150-00530353 and my colleagues at the University of Waterloo Jow6MTUtZho-01801-00530353-00530543 have been asking lately is, Jow6MTUtZho-01802-00530543-00530719 what are the skills and competencies Jow6MTUtZho-01803-00530719-00530832 that our students are gonna need Jow6MTUtZho-01804-00530832-00531143 to navigate a rapidly-changing future of work? Jow6MTUtZho-01805-00531143-00531263 And what are the ways Jow6MTUtZho-01806-00531263-00531441 in which work-integrated learning programs Jow6MTUtZho-01807-00531441-00531679 can equip students with those skills? Jow6MTUtZho-01808-00532444-00532644 So we've already talked about this a bit today, Jow6MTUtZho-01809-00532644-00532821 I won't belabor it. Jow6MTUtZho-01810-00532821-00533174 But just to really quickly review some of the conditions Jow6MTUtZho-01811-00533174-00533411 that are going to be affecting our graduates Jow6MTUtZho-01812-00533411-00533594 and the generations to follow. Jow6MTUtZho-01813-00533594-00533917 Of course, we have globalization and climate change, Jow6MTUtZho-01814-00533917-00534103 rapid technological advancements, Jow6MTUtZho-01815-00534103-00534514 most notably, the impacts of AI and automation. Jow6MTUtZho-01816-00534514-00534794 We see demographic shifts, Jow6MTUtZho-01817-00534794-00535105 so both an increase in the aging population here, Jow6MTUtZho-01818-00535105-00535395 but then also an increase in lifespan Jow6MTUtZho-01819-00535395-00535725 that's really changing the ways in which we think about work Jow6MTUtZho-01820-00535725-00535922 and longevity of careers. Jow6MTUtZho-01821-00535922-00536009 We see, of course, Jow6MTUtZho-01822-00536009-00536264 an increase in social and economic divides Jow6MTUtZho-01823-00536264-00536592 most notably reflected in the hollowing out Jow6MTUtZho-01824-00536592-00536750 of the labor market, Jow6MTUtZho-01825-00536750-00537030 and an increase in precarious employment Jow6MTUtZho-01826-00537030-00537222 seen in a variety of different ways, Jow6MTUtZho-01827-00537222-00537548 but notably with the increase of the gig economy. Jow6MTUtZho-01828-00537667-00537926 So all of those factors are coalescing Jow6MTUtZho-01829-00537926-00538238 to create a future of work for our students that will be, Jow6MTUtZho-01830-00538238-00538614 at its core, about the ability to navigate change. Jow6MTUtZho-01831-00538614-00538923 So those graduates for both economic and lifespan reasons Jow6MTUtZho-01832-00538923-00539264 are expected to work into their 70s or even their 80s. Jow6MTUtZho-01833-00539264-00539636 And those longer careers paired with the rapid change, Jow6MTUtZho-01834-00539636-00539816 impacts of AI and automation, Jow6MTUtZho-01835-00539816-00540218 give those graduates an imperative to be lifelong learners, Jow6MTUtZho-01836-00540218-00540468 constantly up-skilling and re-skilling. Jow6MTUtZho-01837-00540468-00540637 I'm gonna push a bit on the notion Jow6MTUtZho-01838-00540637-00541004 of the T-shaped professional that we talked about earlier, Jow6MTUtZho-01839-00541004-00541254 and loop back to Kathleen's icicles, Jow6MTUtZho-01840-00541254-00541501 because we're starting to think about this less Jow6MTUtZho-01841-00541501-00541650 as a T-shaped professional Jow6MTUtZho-01842-00541650-00541989 and more about the notion of a cone-shaped professional, Jow6MTUtZho-01843-00541989-00542278 where we will need to develop rich expertise, Jow6MTUtZho-01844-00542278-00542558 either consecutively or concurrently Jow6MTUtZho-01845-00542558-00542733 in a number of different areas, Jow6MTUtZho-01846-00542733-00543143 but always buttressed by those ever-critical human skills, Jow6MTUtZho-01847-00543143-00543472 which are, of course, expected to increase in importance Jow6MTUtZho-01848-00543472-00543752 as tasks which can easily be codified Jow6MTUtZho-01849-00543752-00544012 are likely to be automated. Jow6MTUtZho-01850-00544012-00544189 And the increase in the gig economy Jow6MTUtZho-01851-00544189-00544418 and precarious employment means that many of our graduates Jow6MTUtZho-01852-00544418-00544743 will have to navigate a portfolio career Jow6MTUtZho-01853-00544743-00544979 where they're weaving together a livelihood Jow6MTUtZho-01854-00544979-00545332 through short-term contracts and project work. Jow6MTUtZho-01855-00545627-00545757 So we've been spending a lot of time Jow6MTUtZho-01856-00545757-00546063 at the University of Waterloo thinking about these factors, Jow6MTUtZho-01857-00546063-00546185 considering how we might need Jow6MTUtZho-01858-00546185-00546456 to adjust our curriculum accordingly. Jow6MTUtZho-01859-00546456-00546596 We've done a comprehensive review Jow6MTUtZho-01860-00546596-00546784 of existing competency frameworks Jow6MTUtZho-01861-00546784-00546957 and we've talked to a lot of our stakeholders, Jow6MTUtZho-01862-00546957-00547255 including close to 1,000 of our employers, Jow6MTUtZho-01863-00547255-00547401 to create what we're calling Jow6MTUtZho-01864-00547401-00547596 our Future Ready Talent Framework. Jow6MTUtZho-01865-00547596-00547812 Now, for the sake of time, Jow6MTUtZho-01866-00547812-00547978 I will not go into the methodology Jow6MTUtZho-01867-00547978-00548133 that we used to create the framework Jow6MTUtZho-01868-00548133-00548392 but if you're interested in learning more, Jow6MTUtZho-01869-00548392-00548613 I would direct you to our WatCACE website Jow6MTUtZho-01870-00548613-00548914 where you can find information on the methodology Jow6MTUtZho-01871-00548914-00549177 and validation process in the framework. Jow6MTUtZho-01872-00549390-00549672 So (hums) here it is! Jow6MTUtZho-01873-00549672-00549859 At the University of Waterloo, Jow6MTUtZho-01874-00549859-00550059 we define future-ready talent Jow6MTUtZho-01875-00550059-00550452 as the ability to expand and transfer expertise, Jow6MTUtZho-01876-00550452-00550803 to develop self, to build relationships, Jow6MTUtZho-01877-00550803-00551148 and to design and to deliver solutions. Jow6MTUtZho-01878-00551148-00551454 So under that expand and transfer expertise category, Jow6MTUtZho-01879-00551454-00551861 we have the long part of the T, the icicle, Jow6MTUtZho-01880-00551861-00552116 the ability to develop contacts Jow6MTUtZho-01881-00552116-00552264 and discipline-specific skills, Jow6MTUtZho-01882-00552264-00552474 both seen through a student's degree program, Jow6MTUtZho-01883-00552474-00552766 but then also in their network experiences. Jow6MTUtZho-01884-00552766-00552919 As Kerri mentioned earlier, Jow6MTUtZho-01885-00552919-00553148 we've added technological agility Jow6MTUtZho-01886-00553148-00553333 as a key competency for our graduates, Jow6MTUtZho-01887-00553333-00553599 along with information and data literacy. Jow6MTUtZho-01888-00553701-00553888 The ability to develop one's self Jow6MTUtZho-01889-00553888-00554156 has always been critical for success in the workplace Jow6MTUtZho-01890-00554156-00554384 but we do see an increased need for this Jow6MTUtZho-01891-00554384-00554647 as we exist in a world that will be underpinned Jow6MTUtZho-01892-00554647-00554850 with the need for lifelong learning. Jow6MTUtZho-01893-00554850-00555095 So we've identified the core competencies Jow6MTUtZho-01894-00555095-00555504 of self-assessment, self-management, lifelong learning, Jow6MTUtZho-01895-00555504-00555662 and career development. Jow6MTUtZho-01896-00555842-00556047 Human skills, we've already talked about Jow6MTUtZho-01897-00556047-00556299 the importance of human skills, building relationships, Jow6MTUtZho-01898-00556299-00556484 working effectively with others. Jow6MTUtZho-01899-00556484-00556680 We've always been core competencies. Jow6MTUtZho-01900-00556680-00556973 We wanted to reflect the increasingly diverse Jow6MTUtZho-01901-00556973-00557235 and globalized world in which our students will be working, Jow6MTUtZho-01902-00557235-00557548 and so, we've identified competencies of collaboration, Jow6MTUtZho-01903-00557548-00557883 communication, and intercultural effectiveness. Jow6MTUtZho-01904-00557883-00558011 And last but not least, Jow6MTUtZho-01905-00558213-00558383 we need to be able to take that knowledge Jow6MTUtZho-01906-00558383-00558674 and to actually create and implement solutions. Jow6MTUtZho-01907-00558674-00559060 So we've identified the core skills of critical thinking Jow6MTUtZho-01908-00559060-00559397 and innovation mindset and implementation. Jow6MTUtZho-01909-00559525-00559763 And it's our contention that when structured properly, Jow6MTUtZho-01910-00559763-00559901 work-integrated learning programs Jow6MTUtZho-01911-00559901-00560220 can assist students in developing every single one Jow6MTUtZho-01912-00560220-00560404 of these future-ready talents. Jow6MTUtZho-01913-00560491-00560641 Now, as I started things off, Jow6MTUtZho-01914-00560641-00560822 I am a huge fan of work-integrated learning, Jow6MTUtZho-01915-00560822-00561073 but there are a few structural elements Jow6MTUtZho-01916-00561073-00561170 that need to be in place Jow6MTUtZho-01917-00561170-00561531 if you're looking to achieve these specific outcomes. Jow6MTUtZho-01918-00561531-00561711 First of all, the students have to have Jow6MTUtZho-01919-00561711-00562049 work-based work-integrated learning experiences, Jow6MTUtZho-01920-00562049-00562256 preferably more than one, Jow6MTUtZho-01921-00562256-00562508 and there also has to be a modicum Jow6MTUtZho-01922-00562508-00562673 of flexibility in the program Jow6MTUtZho-01923-00562673-00562993 to allow students for career exploration. Jow6MTUtZho-01924-00562993-00563278 So really quickly, I'd like to share some of the ways Jow6MTUtZho-01925-00563278-00563545 in which we see students developing these competencies Jow6MTUtZho-01926-00563545-00563677 in our existing programs Jow6MTUtZho-01927-00563677-00563958 that will also hopefully help illuminate Jow6MTUtZho-01928-00563958-00564119 the need for those structures. Jow6MTUtZho-01929-00564296-00564411 So human skills. Jow6MTUtZho-01930-00564411-00564773 I've talked about the importance of human skills a fair bit. Jow6MTUtZho-01931-00564773-00564989 I don't purport that work-integrated learning programs Jow6MTUtZho-01932-00564989-00565279 have a monopoly on the development of human skills, Jow6MTUtZho-01933-00565279-00565450 not at all, but the reality Jow6MTUtZho-01934-00565450-00565681 is that we do leverage human skills Jow6MTUtZho-01935-00565681-00566024 differently in the workplace than we do in the classroom. Jow6MTUtZho-01936-00566024-00566242 And we try to bridge the divide Jow6MTUtZho-01937-00566242-00566579 by giving students more project work, teamwork, Jow6MTUtZho-01938-00566579-00566869 and those are very, very valuable learning experiences Jow6MTUtZho-01939-00566869-00566953 for our students, Jow6MTUtZho-01940-00566953-00567213 but they can't fully replicate Jow6MTUtZho-01941-00567213-00567520 the contextual differences that come into play Jow6MTUtZho-01942-00567520-00568020 once you add in the influences of power and hierarchy, Jow6MTUtZho-01943-00568022-00568406 of workplace politics, organizational culture, Jow6MTUtZho-01944-00568406-00568766 and of trying to integrate into a long-standing Jow6MTUtZho-01945-00568766-00569112 and sometimes quite dysfunctional work team. Jow6MTUtZho-01946-00569112-00569484 And so, work-integrated learning programs allow our students Jow6MTUtZho-01947-00569484-00569778 to see the ways in which human skills are leveraged Jow6MTUtZho-01948-00569778-00570132 in a workplace context before they graduate. Jow6MTUtZho-01949-00570132-00570417 And we believe so strongly in the importance of will Jow6MTUtZho-01950-00570417-00570608 supporting human skill development Jow6MTUtZho-01951-00570608-00570954 that we have an entire program known as WatPD Jow6MTUtZho-01952-00570954-00571187 which is a series of online courses Jow6MTUtZho-01953-00571187-00571540 focused on the development of human workplace skills, Jow6MTUtZho-01954-00571540-00571664 in which students complete Jow6MTUtZho-01955-00571664-00571877 while they're out on their work terms. Jow6MTUtZho-01956-00571877-00572169 The idea being that when we pair curriculum Jow6MTUtZho-01957-00572169-00572341 with workplace experience, Jow6MTUtZho-01958-00572341-00572670 we can amplify the development of those skills. Jow6MTUtZho-01959-00572831-00573072 Next up, we have the skill of transfer. Jow6MTUtZho-01960-00573072-00573324 So the ability to take your knowledge and skills Jow6MTUtZho-01961-00573324-00573641 and apply it in new and varied contexts. Jow6MTUtZho-01962-00573641-00573789 And this is one skill Jow6MTUtZho-01963-00573789-00574063 where I will argue that work-integrated learning programs, Jow6MTUtZho-01964-00574063-00574298 particularly work-integrated learning programs Jow6MTUtZho-01965-00574298-00574761 with multiple work experiences absolutely excel. Jow6MTUtZho-01966-00574761-00575110 So if you think about the idea of a co-op student, Jow6MTUtZho-01967-00575110-00575312 they have four months Jow6MTUtZho-01968-00575312-00575509 to figure out the organizational culture Jow6MTUtZho-01969-00575509-00575698 in which they are working, Jow6MTUtZho-01970-00575698-00575918 to determine what skills and knowledge they have Jow6MTUtZho-01971-00575918-00576231 to support that organization in meeting their aims, Jow6MTUtZho-01972-00576231-00576389 to build the relationships, Jow6MTUtZho-01973-00576389-00576583 and to develop the work product Jow6MTUtZho-01974-00576583-00576828 that will help that company succeed. Jow6MTUtZho-01975-00576828-00577086 And sometimes, that transfer is close. Jow6MTUtZho-01976-00577086-00577261 So sometimes, we see a student Jow6MTUtZho-01977-00577395-00577695 in a position that's very close to their academic program. Jow6MTUtZho-01978-00577695-00577915 But if you remember at the beginning of the presentation, Jow6MTUtZho-01979-00577915-00578171 I told you that we have a centralized program. Jow6MTUtZho-01980-00578171-00578347 And what we're learning is that students Jow6MTUtZho-01981-00578347-00578514 are using that centralized program Jow6MTUtZho-01982-00578514-00578862 to do some real rich and deep career exploration Jow6MTUtZho-01983-00578862-00579108 and to work in different industries. Jow6MTUtZho-01984-00579108-00579497 So in a sample of 5,000 recent co-op graduates, Jow6MTUtZho-01985-00579497-00579924 88% of them had worked for three or more companies, Jow6MTUtZho-01986-00579924-00580383 and 68% of them had worked in three or more industries. Jow6MTUtZho-01987-00580383-00580551 So when you think about that, Jow6MTUtZho-01988-00580551-00580799 they are learning how to take their knowledge and skills Jow6MTUtZho-01989-00580799-00581041 and very quickly, very rapidly, Jow6MTUtZho-01990-00581041-00581434 apply them in different contexts as a matter of course. Jow6MTUtZho-01991-00581434-00581714 And if you remember the student evaluations Jow6MTUtZho-01992-00581714-00581936 that I told you about at the beginning of the presentation, Jow6MTUtZho-01993-00581936-00582241 they're doing so to high levels of success. Jow6MTUtZho-01994-00582424-00582744 In addition to developing the skill of transfer, Jow6MTUtZho-01995-00582744-00583071 our students are also developing comfort with transition. Jow6MTUtZho-01996-00583071-00583280 Now, I thought I was gonna be able to read this to you Jow6MTUtZho-01997-00583280-00583606 but I don't have my glasses, so I might need to... Jow6MTUtZho-01998-00583780-00583925 Let's see what I can do here. Jow6MTUtZho-01999-00584057-00584140 I don't know. Jow6MTUtZho-02000-00584140-00584254 I can project. Jow6MTUtZho-02001-00584254-00584342 Can you hear me? Jow6MTUtZho-02002-00584466-00584762 Oh, live stream, I can't. Jow6MTUtZho-02003-00584762-00584845 Okay. Jow6MTUtZho-02004-00584845-00585010 Oh, I have a printout. Jow6MTUtZho-02005-00585010-00585094 Look at me. Jow6MTUtZho-02006-00585094-00585289 I'm so resilient and adaptable. Jow6MTUtZho-02007-00585289-00585491 Okay, here we go. Jow6MTUtZho-02008-00585491-00585756 Initially, my options seemed too vague Jow6MTUtZho-02009-00585756-00586020 and open without clear direction. Jow6MTUtZho-02010-00586020-00586246 It's hard to sort through as a young person Jow6MTUtZho-02011-00586246-00586562 with so little exposure to the working world. Jow6MTUtZho-02012-00586562-00586858 As I'm going through university and work placements, Jow6MTUtZho-02013-00586858-00587121 I'm increasingly excited to push myself Jow6MTUtZho-02014-00587121-00587296 and develop my skills, Jow6MTUtZho-02015-00587296-00587559 not to market myself for a specific role, Jow6MTUtZho-02016-00587559-00587930 but to market myself as a valuable addition to a team. Jow6MTUtZho-02017-00587930-00588162 I've been encouraged that I can be more fluid Jow6MTUtZho-02018-00588162-00588463 between roles and jobs than I initially thought. Jow6MTUtZho-02019-00588463-00588756 I don't have to stick to one career my whole life. Jow6MTUtZho-02020-00588756-00588862 It's kinda cool to see Jow6MTUtZho-02021-00588862-00589086 that changing things up every once in a while Jow6MTUtZho-02022-00589086-00589340 is becoming increasingly common. Jow6MTUtZho-02023-00589340-00589494 So this is a quote from Amani. Jow6MTUtZho-02024-00589494-00589681 She's a third year arts and business student Jow6MTUtZho-02025-00589681-00589865 at the University of Waterloo, Jow6MTUtZho-02026-00589865-00590009 and I happen to be involved Jow6MTUtZho-02027-00590009-00590168 in a mentorship program with her, Jow6MTUtZho-02028-00590168-00590316 and we were exchanging emails Jow6MTUtZho-02029-00590316-00590556 when I was putting together this presentation. Jow6MTUtZho-02030-00590556-00590693 She shared that thought with me Jow6MTUtZho-02031-00590693-00590913 and it just so beautifully articulated Jow6MTUtZho-02032-00590913-00591116 that comfort with transition, Jow6MTUtZho-02033-00591116-00591285 that I asked her if I could share with you Jow6MTUtZho-02034-00591285-00591398 and she kindly agreed. Jow6MTUtZho-02035-00591398-00591714 So I have no doubt that Amani is going to be equipped Jow6MTUtZho-02036-00591714-00592042 with the skills that she needs to successfully navigate Jow6MTUtZho-02037-00592042-00592263 that rapidly-changing future of work. Jow6MTUtZho-02038-00592539-00592743 Really quickly, a couple of the other skills Jow6MTUtZho-02039-00592743-00592874 that we see our students develop Jow6MTUtZho-02040-00592874-00593160 through participation in WIL, career management. Jow6MTUtZho-02041-00593160-00593342 So the average co-op student at Waterloo Jow6MTUtZho-02042-00593342-00593573 is gonna have between 20 and 30 interviews Jow6MTUtZho-02043-00593573-00593757 by the time they graduate. Jow6MTUtZho-02044-00593757-00593943 Every single one of those interview Jow6MTUtZho-02045-00593943-00594187 is an opportunity to reflect on their skills Jow6MTUtZho-02046-00594187-00594435 and to market them to employers. Jow6MTUtZho-02047-00594435-00594692 They also have those multiple work experiences Jow6MTUtZho-02048-00594692-00594823 where they get an opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-02049-00594823-00595040 to try out different organizations, Jow6MTUtZho-02050-00595040-00595230 different roles, different industries, Jow6MTUtZho-02051-00595230-00595536 and to find the types of positions Jow6MTUtZho-02052-00595536-00595698 in which they will thrive. Jow6MTUtZho-02053-00595838-00596180 Innovation and entrepreneurship also bubbles up regularly Jow6MTUtZho-02054-00596180-00596401 with respect to work-integrated learning. Jow6MTUtZho-02055-00596401-00596666 There's some nascent research being done Jow6MTUtZho-02056-00596666-00596855 in the international WIL community, Jow6MTUtZho-02057-00596855-00597273 investigating connections between work-integrated learning Jow6MTUtZho-02058-00597273-00597516 and the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. Jow6MTUtZho-02059-00597516-00597755 Certainly, anecdotally, it's something that we see Jow6MTUtZho-02060-00597755-00598024 and hear from students all the time. Jow6MTUtZho-02061-00598024-00598124 Sometimes, they'll be out Jow6MTUtZho-02062-00598124-00598322 and they will have multiple work terms Jow6MTUtZho-02063-00598322-00598467 in different organizations Jow6MTUtZho-02064-00598467-00598840 and they'll see a common problem across those organizations, Jow6MTUtZho-02065-00598840-00599126 and they realize that there is a real need Jow6MTUtZho-02066-00599126-00599286 for the product or the service Jow6MTUtZho-02067-00599286-00599474 that they would like to create. Jow6MTUtZho-02068-00599474-00599721 Sometimes, it's only after multiple work terms Jow6MTUtZho-02069-00599721-00599804 that they realize Jow6MTUtZho-02070-00599804-00600016 that they really do wanna strike out on their own Jow6MTUtZho-02071-00600016-00600143 and build their own company. Jow6MTUtZho-02072-00600143-00600363 And the benefit of them discovering Jow6MTUtZho-02073-00600363-00600648 this entrepreneurial mindset while they're still with us Jow6MTUtZho-02074-00600648-00600818 is that then we can support them Jow6MTUtZho-02075-00600818-00600975 in the creation of that venture. Jow6MTUtZho-02076-00600975-00601289 At Waterloo, we have a program known as E Co-op, Jow6MTUtZho-02077-00601289-00601557 where students can take one or two of their work terms Jow6MTUtZho-02078-00601557-00601848 and dedicate them to the creation of their venture. Jow6MTUtZho-02079-00602019-00602236 Last but not least, lifelong learning. Jow6MTUtZho-02080-00602236-00602417 So this is something we talk about a lot, Jow6MTUtZho-02081-00602417-00602541 but how do we know Jow6MTUtZho-02082-00602541-00602788 how to actually create the habits of minds Jow6MTUtZho-02083-00602788-00603065 that our students will need to be lifelong learners? Jow6MTUtZho-02084-00603065-00603318 Again, I'll refer to some research done by our colleagues Jow6MTUtZho-02085-00603318-00603605 at the Center for the Advancement of Cooperative Education. Jow6MTUtZho-02086-00603605-00603738 We have seen that students Jow6MTUtZho-02087-00603738-00604058 are indeed developing a lifelong learning mindset Jow6MTUtZho-02088-00604058-00604302 as they progress through their co-op work terms. Jow6MTUtZho-02089-00604302-00604550 And I attribute it to a couple of things. Jow6MTUtZho-02090-00604550-00604880 Number one, there is something that is quite frankly jarring Jow6MTUtZho-02091-00604880-00605144 about being pulled out of the comfort of the classroom, Jow6MTUtZho-02092-00605144-00605277 put into a workplace, Jow6MTUtZho-02093-00605277-00605513 and realizing at a very young age Jow6MTUtZho-02094-00605513-00605677 that there is not a direct match Jow6MTUtZho-02095-00605677-00605985 between your skills and that organization's needs Jow6MTUtZho-02096-00605985-00606237 that really instills in the student in need Jow6MTUtZho-02097-00606237-00606653 to be continuously learning and developing. Jow6MTUtZho-02098-00606653-00606945 Secondly, every single work-integrated learning program Jow6MTUtZho-02099-00606945-00607264 is going to have a reflective component in it. Jow6MTUtZho-02100-00607264-00607541 As human beings, we don't necessarily love to reflect. Jow6MTUtZho-02101-00607541-00607782 We have a bias towards action, Jow6MTUtZho-02102-00607782-00607962 but there is empirical evidence Jow6MTUtZho-02103-00607962-00608276 to suggest that reflection is very effective Jow6MTUtZho-02104-00608276-00608486 in developing self-efficacy Jow6MTUtZho-02105-00608486-00608715 and an internal locus of control, Jow6MTUtZho-02106-00608715-00608888 both of which are critical elements Jow6MTUtZho-02107-00608888-00609075 of a lifelong learning mindset. Jow6MTUtZho-02108-00609360-00609681 So what does all of this have to do with micro-credentials? Jow6MTUtZho-02109-00609681-00609957 Well, certainly, at the University of Waterloo, Jow6MTUtZho-02110-00609957-00610145 it's our plan to assess students Jow6MTUtZho-02111-00610145-00610338 on the development of every single one Jow6MTUtZho-02112-00610338-00610567 of their future-ready talents, Jow6MTUtZho-02113-00610567-00610825 and to find ways of surfacing Jow6MTUtZho-02114-00610825-00611088 and making visible that learning. Jow6MTUtZho-02115-00611088-00611294 Micro-credentials might just be the ticket. Jow6MTUtZho-02116-00611294-00611494 We certainly see the value in, Jow6MTUtZho-02117-00611494-00611783 as Kathleen said earlier, unlocking the degree Jow6MTUtZho-02118-00611783-00612027 and providing both students and employers Jow6MTUtZho-02119-00612027-00612201 with some additional evidence Jow6MTUtZho-02120-00612201-00612368 as to the skills and competencies Jow6MTUtZho-02121-00612368-00612563 that our students develop while they're with us. Jow6MTUtZho-02122-00612563-00612873 And when it comes to work-integrated learning programs, Jow6MTUtZho-02123-00612873-00613094 we have well-established mechanisms Jow6MTUtZho-02124-00613094-00613311 in place for this assessment. Jow6MTUtZho-02125-00613311-00613476 We have student self-assessment, Jow6MTUtZho-02126-00613476-00613742 as seen through the interview, resume process, Jow6MTUtZho-02127-00613742-00613937 and with reflections. Jow6MTUtZho-02128-00613937-00614161 We have institution-led assessment Jow6MTUtZho-02129-00614161-00614373 as seen through the curriculum Jow6MTUtZho-02130-00614373-00614640 in the professional development program that my team runs, Jow6MTUtZho-02131-00614640-00615067 and then we have authentic work-based assessments Jow6MTUtZho-02132-00615067-00615349 of students completed by the employers Jow6MTUtZho-02133-00615349-00615514 while they're in the workplace. Jow6MTUtZho-02134-00615514-00615786 So in addition to that overall evaluation Jow6MTUtZho-02135-00615786-00615900 that I told you about, Jow6MTUtZho-02136-00615900-00616090 employers assess students on the development Jow6MTUtZho-02137-00616090-00616499 of 16 specific competencies while they're in the workplace. Jow6MTUtZho-02138-00616499-00616851 So I can't think of a more rigorous combination Jow6MTUtZho-02139-00616851-00617021 that would allow us to verify Jow6MTUtZho-02140-00617021-00617339 that students really have developed these skills Jow6MTUtZho-02141-00617339-00617703 than the self-institution and employer-led assessments Jow6MTUtZho-02142-00617703-00617995 that already exist in WIL programs. Jow6MTUtZho-02143-00617995-00618138 So that was certainly the question Jow6MTUtZho-02144-00618138-00618341 that we asked at the University of Waterloo Jow6MTUtZho-02145-00618341-00618535 for our eCampus pilot project. Jow6MTUtZho-02146-00618535-00618713 It's also a plug for you to come back Jow6MTUtZho-02147-00618713-00619062 and hang out with me at 12:35 in this room Jow6MTUtZho-02148-00619062-00619288 to learn more about that. Jow6MTUtZho-02149-00619288-00619472 Broadly speaking, let's take a quick look Jow6MTUtZho-02150-00619472-00619601 at what that might look like. Jow6MTUtZho-02151-00619601-00619815 So we can imagine a world Jow6MTUtZho-02152-00619815-00620021 where students would earn a micro-credential Jow6MTUtZho-02153-00620021-00620217 before they go out on their first work term, Jow6MTUtZho-02154-00620217-00620624 indicating that they are indeed ready for the world of work. Jow6MTUtZho-02155-00620624-00620949 Then, along the way, is they have their WILL experiences. Jow6MTUtZho-02156-00620949-00621278 We imagined students collecting evidence to support them Jow6MTUtZho-02157-00621278-00621584 in earning future-ready micro-credentials. Jow6MTUtZho-02158-00621584-00621898 As our employers continue to develop badges Jow6MTUtZho-02159-00621898-00622019 and to get into that space, Jow6MTUtZho-02160-00622019-00622178 of course, we want them to be earning Jow6MTUtZho-02161-00622178-00622459 those industry-specific badges as well, Jow6MTUtZho-02162-00622459-00622726 all along being supported with the rich, Jow6MTUtZho-02163-00622726-00622869 discipline-specific knowledge Jow6MTUtZho-02164-00622869-00623098 that they gain in their courses. Jow6MTUtZho-02165-00623098-00623292 There could be a place or a space Jow6MTUtZho-02166-00623292-00623523 for a Career Readiness Certificate Jow6MTUtZho-02167-00623523-00623709 right before the student graduates. Jow6MTUtZho-02168-00623709-00623803 And then, of course, Jow6MTUtZho-02169-00623803-00624028 they continue on their lifelong learning journey, Jow6MTUtZho-02170-00624028-00624335 or any badges, diplomas, and other micro-credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-02171-00624335-00624731 hopefully re-engaging with our institutions along the way. Jow6MTUtZho-02172-00625001-00625230 Really quickly, some of the challenges Jow6MTUtZho-02173-00625230-00625483 in skill assessment with work-integrated learning. Jow6MTUtZho-02174-00625483-00625722 One of the biggest challenges in skill assessment Jow6MTUtZho-02175-00625722-00626049 has to do with the variability of the WIL experiences, Jow6MTUtZho-02176-00626049-00626310 especially when the student's in an employment context. Jow6MTUtZho-02177-00626310-00626446 It's not a classroom, Jow6MTUtZho-02178-00626446-00626734 and you can't prescribe the learning outcomes. Jow6MTUtZho-02179-00626734-00626989 Further, each student comes into the workplace Jow6MTUtZho-02180-00626989-00627153 with varying levels of readiness Jow6MTUtZho-02181-00627153-00627461 and various levels of willingness to engage, Jow6MTUtZho-02182-00627461-00627650 and then, of course, students, like all of us, Jow6MTUtZho-02183-00627650-00628033 suffer from some challenges with respect to self-assessment. Jow6MTUtZho-02184-00628033-00628425 Similarly, institutions are at varying levels of readiness Jow6MTUtZho-02185-00628425-00628693 to accept our students to bring them into the workplace Jow6MTUtZho-02186-00628693-00629092 and to support them purposefully in skill development. Jow6MTUtZho-02187-00629092-00629440 We have a question about defining career-ready benchmarks, Jow6MTUtZho-02188-00629440-00629652 so what is the career-ready benchmark? Jow6MTUtZho-02189-00629652-00629833 And then, how do we administer that Jow6MTUtZho-02190-00629833-00630264 across a program with 22,000 students and 7,000 employers? Jow6MTUtZho-02191-00630264-00630425 And there's a couple of questions Jow6MTUtZho-02192-00630425-00630694 about the WILL supervisor as assessor. Jow6MTUtZho-02193-00630694-00630914 So first of all, you have to remember Jow6MTUtZho-02194-00630914-00631129 that the student is only there for four months. Jow6MTUtZho-02195-00631129-00631338 It makes it very difficult Jow6MTUtZho-02196-00631338-00631482 to be able to provide that student Jow6MTUtZho-02197-00631482-00631782 with some tangible, actionable feedback. Jow6MTUtZho-02198-00631782-00632019 And the other piece is that often times, Jow6MTUtZho-02199-00632019-00632290 an organization will assign a co-op student to an employee Jow6MTUtZho-02200-00632290-00632510 as their first attempt at supervision. Jow6MTUtZho-02201-00632510-00632972 So we also have occasionally very junior supervisors Jow6MTUtZho-02202-00632972-00633058 guiding our students. Jow6MTUtZho-02203-00633058-00633372 So that raises the question of what kinds of resources Jow6MTUtZho-02204-00633372-00633575 or support might we need to put in place Jow6MTUtZho-02205-00633575-00634002 to support our supervisors in assessing our students? Jow6MTUtZho-02206-00634086-00634257 And the last piece, it's interesting, Jow6MTUtZho-02207-00634257-00634438 it's already come up today. Jow6MTUtZho-02208-00634438-00634819 There's always these questions of trust and endorsement Jow6MTUtZho-02209-00634819-00634990 when we talk about micro-credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-02210-00634990-00635228 particularly when we get into this idea Jow6MTUtZho-02211-00635228-00635658 of an institution and employer co-created credential. Jow6MTUtZho-02212-00635658-00636039 So are employers willing to assess Jow6MTUtZho-02213-00636039-00636378 and endorse our students and to make that public? Jow6MTUtZho-02214-00636378-00636644 And then, are they willing to consume Jow6MTUtZho-02215-00636644-00636933 one another's endorsement of our students? Jow6MTUtZho-02216-00637058-00637233 The one last thing that I wanted to show you, Jow6MTUtZho-02217-00637233-00637414 and I apologize ' cause you will not be able Jow6MTUtZho-02218-00637414-00637517 to see it at the back, Jow6MTUtZho-02219-00637517-00637839 but if we can figure out this piece of endorsement, Jow6MTUtZho-02220-00637839-00638064 I think there's something really, really exciting here. Jow6MTUtZho-02221-00638064-00638376 So this is what's known as the work term record. Jow6MTUtZho-02222-00638376-00638737 As a hiring manager, this is the first thing that I see Jow6MTUtZho-02223-00638737-00639171 when I'm going to hire students into our program. Jow6MTUtZho-02224-00639171-00639449 What it basically lists is the previous work terms Jow6MTUtZho-02225-00639449-00639800 that the student has had, their employers, their job title, Jow6MTUtZho-02226-00639800-00640051 and that overall evaluation. Jow6MTUtZho-02227-00640051-00640165 So in my department, Jow6MTUtZho-02228-00640165-00640407 we've hired more than 400 co-op students. Jow6MTUtZho-02229-00640407-00640595 And I can tell you that this the best, Jow6MTUtZho-02230-00640595-00640878 most reliable piece of information that I've ever seen Jow6MTUtZho-02231-00640878-00641229 as to which students I want to bring into my organization. Jow6MTUtZho-02232-00641229-00641392 Because just that single word, Jow6MTUtZho-02233-00641392-00641727 just that overall evaluation says to me Jow6MTUtZho-02234-00641727-00641983 that the student has, in previous work terms, Jow6MTUtZho-02235-00641983-00642253 demonstrated the capabilities, the ability to learn, Jow6MTUtZho-02236-00642253-00642511 to transfer their knowledge successfully Jow6MTUtZho-02237-00642511-00642670 in previous workplaces. Jow6MTUtZho-02238-00642670-00642953 So we pair that work term record Jow6MTUtZho-02239-00642953-00643147 with a 20-minute interview, Jow6MTUtZho-02240-00643147-00643366 I can tell you the names of the five co-op students Jow6MTUtZho-02241-00643366-00643612 that didn't meet or exceed our expectations. Jow6MTUtZho-02242-00643612-00643871 It is truly remarkable. Jow6MTUtZho-02243-00643871-00644030 From the first day that I saw it, Jow6MTUtZho-02244-00644030-00644141 I wanted to figure out Jow6MTUtZho-02245-00644141-00644343 how we could replicate this more broadly. Jow6MTUtZho-02246-00644343-00644538 How can we take this rich information Jow6MTUtZho-02247-00644538-00644950 and use it as hiring managers with full-time employees? Jow6MTUtZho-02248-00644950-00645049 I do think we have Jow6MTUtZho-02249-00645049-00645307 to answer those questions of endorsement, Jow6MTUtZho-02250-00645307-00645494 of trust, of willingness, Jow6MTUtZho-02251-00645494-00645867 to put this information outside of the system. Jow6MTUtZho-02252-00645867-00646089 Right now, our employers endorse our students Jow6MTUtZho-02253-00646089-00646304 but are they willing to do so publicly? Jow6MTUtZho-02254-00646304-00646446 And again, are they willing Jow6MTUtZho-02255-00646446-00646720 to accept one another's endorsements? Jow6MTUtZho-02256-00646720-00646965 Those are some of the very exciting questions Jow6MTUtZho-02257-00646965-00647172 that we're going to ask and try to answer Jow6MTUtZho-02258-00647172-00647536 at the University of Waterloo in the years and months ahead. Jow6MTUtZho-02259-00647536-00647770 It's one of the many reasons that I love my job Jow6MTUtZho-02260-00647770-00648012 and then I think it's a really exciting time for us Jow6MTUtZho-02261-00648012-00648169 to be in the post-secondary sector, Jow6MTUtZho-02262-00648169-00648361 so thanks for your time today. Jow6MTUtZho-02263-00648361-00648661 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-02264-00649046-00649413 And now, we'll see if there's any questions. Jow6MTUtZho-02265-00650950-00651087 - [Audience Member] Anne-Marie, this is fantastic. Jow6MTUtZho-02266-00651087-00651170 Thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-02267-00651170-00651274 I just got so excited hearing about all this. Jow6MTUtZho-02268-00651274-00651774 But on this last slide, you don't have specific skillsets, Jow6MTUtZho-02269-00651837-00652207 so to the machine readability of specific skillsets, Jow6MTUtZho-02270-00652207-00652421 going into the search terms, Jow6MTUtZho-02271-00652696-00652894 you say that this is a great proxy Jow6MTUtZho-02272-00652894-00653073 for hiring them for anything? Jow6MTUtZho-02273-00653073-00653263 Could you speak about how you think about Jow6MTUtZho-02274-00653263-00653572 how you get specific skills into this mix? Jow6MTUtZho-02275-00653572-00653686 - Yeah, beautiful. Jow6MTUtZho-02276-00653686-00653824 That's a great question, Jow6MTUtZho-02277-00653824-00654063 and definitely where we're thinking about going, Jow6MTUtZho-02278-00654063-00654206 particularly with respect Jow6MTUtZho-02279-00654206-00654435 to our Future Ready Talent Framework, Jow6MTUtZho-02280-00654435-00654662 because we know that this works, Jow6MTUtZho-02281-00654662-00654988 but we also have to consider that this works in the context Jow6MTUtZho-02282-00654988-00655303 where I'm bringing a student into a position Jow6MTUtZho-02283-00655303-00655464 that's been created for a student Jow6MTUtZho-02284-00655464-00655678 for a four-month time period. Jow6MTUtZho-02285-00655678-00655984 And so, this may be, for co-op hiring, Jow6MTUtZho-02286-00655984-00656153 actually all that I need, Jow6MTUtZho-02287-00656153-00656348 but what we want to do is to give the students Jow6MTUtZho-02288-00656348-00656710 and the employers more evidence of the breadth of skills Jow6MTUtZho-02289-00656710-00656822 that the students have earned Jow6MTUtZho-02290-00656822-00657036 while they were competing there WIL programs Jow6MTUtZho-02291-00657036-00657341 so that when they go to look for that post-graduation job, Jow6MTUtZho-02292-00657341-00657735 they will exactly be machine-readable, verified, Jow6MTUtZho-02293-00657735-00658077 ideally employer-endorsed as well. Jow6MTUtZho-02294-00658077-00658160 Thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-02295-00658364-00658556 There's another question over here. Jow6MTUtZho-02296-00659502-00659645 - [Audience Member] Hi! Jow6MTUtZho-02297-00659645-00659814 I loved your question at the end, Jow6MTUtZho-02298-00659814-00660105 while others consume the badges we offer, Jow6MTUtZho-02299-00660105-00660295 because I think it does two things. Jow6MTUtZho-02300-00660295-00660585 It speaks to the question that we all have Jow6MTUtZho-02301-00660585-00660920 when we talk about 700,000 badges being created, Jow6MTUtZho-02302-00660920-00661119 while others make use of them. Jow6MTUtZho-02303-00661119-00661321 And I'm wondering if it comes down to a couple things? Jow6MTUtZho-02304-00661321-00661496 When we think about feedback, Jow6MTUtZho-02305-00661496-00661760 I trust someone's feedback when it's specific, Jow6MTUtZho-02306-00661862-00662167 when it's credible, so they have exposure to reading it. Jow6MTUtZho-02307-00662167-00662360 So that person who has the co-op term, Jow6MTUtZho-02308-00662360-00662580 you know they had exposure to reading it, Jow6MTUtZho-02309-00662580-00662788 or they have that experience too. Jow6MTUtZho-02310-00662788-00662955 The specificity is interesting Jow6MTUtZho-02311-00662955-00663140 'cause that just came up in that question, Jow6MTUtZho-02312-00663140-00663302 and I'm wondering if you could break down Jow6MTUtZho-02313-00663302-00663480 thinking through a feedback-based model, Jow6MTUtZho-02314-00663480-00663592 which has lots of research Jow6MTUtZho-02315-00663592-00663920 as to why we may or may not trust each other's endorsements. Jow6MTUtZho-02316-00664023-00664206 So I'm wondering in the question of this Jow6MTUtZho-02317-00664206-00664403 is what are you bumping up against Jow6MTUtZho-02318-00664403-00664669 when someone says I'm not gonna trust this? Jow6MTUtZho-02319-00664669-00664831 Because if somebody doesn't trust the badge, Jow6MTUtZho-02320-00664831-00664947 it's like a banking system Jow6MTUtZho-02321-00664947-00665132 where I won't go to trust your money. Jow6MTUtZho-02322-00665223-00665307 - Yeah. Jow6MTUtZho-02323-00665307-00665430 And it's a really, really good question. Jow6MTUtZho-02324-00665430-00665646 I would say right now with the co-op work term, Jow6MTUtZho-02325-00665646-00666001 we actually rarely come across questions of trust Jow6MTUtZho-02326-00666099-00666372 and a lack of willingness to publicly endorse. Jow6MTUtZho-02327-00666372-00666531 So every once in a while, Jow6MTUtZho-02328-00666531-00666777 we hear from an employer who says my legal team Jow6MTUtZho-02329-00666777-00667114 says I can't give you an evaluation Jow6MTUtZho-02330-00667114-00667403 because I'd be liable for the student's future performance. Jow6MTUtZho-02331-00667403-00667532 But it's very rare, Jow6MTUtZho-02332-00667532-00667786 and maybe one employer a year might say that. Jow6MTUtZho-02333-00667876-00668072 And right now, it's contained Jow6MTUtZho-02334-00668072-00668390 within this system of co-op hiring. Jow6MTUtZho-02335-00668390-00668673 And so, the questions from our perspective are, Jow6MTUtZho-02336-00668673-00668931 once you move outside of that system, Jow6MTUtZho-02337-00668931-00669243 will people be willing to make that public endorsement? Jow6MTUtZho-02338-00669243-00669493 And then, will they consume those endorsements Jow6MTUtZho-02339-00669493-00669634 as credible and valid? Jow6MTUtZho-02340-00669634-00669847 Right now, it really does work beautifully, Jow6MTUtZho-02341-00669847-00670188 which is why I'm so excited about the potential of it. Jow6MTUtZho-02342-00670589-00670716 Any other questions? Jow6MTUtZho-02343-00670951-00671196 Okay, well, thank you so much for your time. Jow6MTUtZho-02344-00671196-00671498 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-02345-00671498-00671614 Thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-02346-00671614-00671697 - Thank you as well. Jow6MTUtZho-02347-00671697-00671780 - Oh! Jow6MTUtZho-02348-00671780-00672094 Oh, you're gonna give it to me! (laughs) Jow6MTUtZho-02349-00672094-00672217 - Thanks, Anne. - Thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-02350-00672217-00672356 - All right. Jow6MTUtZho-02351-00672356-00672581 - I'm just gonna grab this. Jow6MTUtZho-02352-00672941-00673176 - So those were three great keynotes. Jow6MTUtZho-02353-00673330-00673681 I think we sense some common threads emerging, Jow6MTUtZho-02354-00673681-00674098 and to help us advance the conversation, Jow6MTUtZho-02355-00674098-00674425 I'm happy to welcome to the stage Chris McGrath, Jow6MTUtZho-02356-00674425-00674758 VP of Student Services at George Brown College. Jow6MTUtZho-02357-00674847-00675082 Chris brings over 18 years of leadership Jow6MTUtZho-02358-00675082-00675414 in student affairs and student services with him. Jow6MTUtZho-02359-00675414-00675677 At George Brown, he cultivates a campus environment Jow6MTUtZho-02360-00675677-00675857 that promotes lifelong learning Jow6MTUtZho-02361-00675857-00676120 as students prepare for their futures. Jow6MTUtZho-02362-00676120-00676426 Chris has this uncanny ability to connect the dots Jow6MTUtZho-02363-00676426-00676717 and ask thought-provoking questions. Jow6MTUtZho-02364-00676717-00676887 So without further ado, Jow6MTUtZho-02365-00676887-00677078 I'm pleased to turn the mic over to Chris Jow6MTUtZho-02366-00677078-00677272 for a morning call to action. Jow6MTUtZho-02367-00677272-00677572 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-02368-00678360-00678443 - Okay. Jow6MTUtZho-02369-00679041-00679124 - [Woman] Nice one. Jow6MTUtZho-02370-00679124-00679273 - It's okay, I'm a Waterloo alum, Jow6MTUtZho-02371-00679273-00679362 I'm good with the slide. Jow6MTUtZho-02372-00679362-00679481 (audience laughing) Jow6MTUtZho-02373-00679481-00679564 Yes! Jow6MTUtZho-02374-00679776-00680017 Ooh, that's a whole lot of face. Jow6MTUtZho-02375-00680017-00680244 I might go back to the Waterloo slide! Jow6MTUtZho-02376-00680244-00680559 (audience laughing) Jow6MTUtZho-02377-00680559-00680674 Thank you so much. Jow6MTUtZho-02378-00680784-00680941 Yeah, there's a lot more gray there. Jow6MTUtZho-02379-00680941-00681024 Or here! Jow6MTUtZho-02380-00681024-00681334 Anyway, thank you so much to the folks from eCampus Jow6MTUtZho-02381-00681334-00681420 for the lovely introduction, Jow6MTUtZho-02382-00681420-00681810 as well for the opportunity to have 10 minutes of airtime Jow6MTUtZho-02383-00681810-00681934 after which there's no questions Jow6MTUtZho-02384-00681934-00682177 because the only thing standing between you and lunch Jow6MTUtZho-02385-00682177-00682370 is the thoughts in my brain. Jow6MTUtZho-02386-00682517-00682875 And as I thought about the call to action, Jow6MTUtZho-02387-00682875-00683115 I wondered, well, what exactly is it? Jow6MTUtZho-02388-00683115-00683310 Because I have this idea Jow6MTUtZho-02389-00683310-00683810 of a Carol Burnett Tarzan call in my mind, Jow6MTUtZho-02390-00683815-00684030 which might not go well over microphone. Jow6MTUtZho-02391-00684190-00684505 And then, I think about maybe I just say what they said Jow6MTUtZho-02392-00684505-00684665 and lead the charge to lunch. Jow6MTUtZho-02393-00684665-00684934 But in the intro, Jow6MTUtZho-02394-00685040-00685339 my brain turns at a pretty rapid speed on a good day, Jow6MTUtZho-02395-00685339-00685471 even on a Friday morning, Jow6MTUtZho-02396-00685471-00685695 and there's so much that has come up Jow6MTUtZho-02397-00685695-00686065 in my mind over the past few hours that we've been together Jow6MTUtZho-02398-00686065-00686412 with a particular reference to our three wonderful keynotes. Jow6MTUtZho-02399-00686412-00686524 And I wanna thank the three of you Jow6MTUtZho-02400-00686524-00686851 for sharing what you did with us already today. Jow6MTUtZho-02401-00686941-00687112 But as I think about micro-certification, Jow6MTUtZho-02402-00687112-00687303 what that means for the world that I work in, Jow6MTUtZho-02403-00687303-00687560 and as vice president of Student Success at George Brown, Jow6MTUtZho-02404-00687560-00687693 I really am broadly concerned Jow6MTUtZho-02405-00687693-00687876 with the quality of the student experience Jow6MTUtZho-02406-00687876-00688325 across every domain at our institution and organization. Jow6MTUtZho-02407-00688325-00688588 And as I think about what micro-certification is, Jow6MTUtZho-02408-00688588-00688850 and what it represents, Jow6MTUtZho-02409-00688850-00688973 for me, in many ways, Jow6MTUtZho-02410-00688973-00689414 it represents a way to challenge the construct Jow6MTUtZho-02411-00689414-00689713 of how we as post-secondary institutions Jow6MTUtZho-02412-00689713-00689979 have traditionally structured, taught, assessed, Jow6MTUtZho-02413-00689979-00690211 and worked with knowledge and learning. Jow6MTUtZho-02414-00690211-00690529 And I come at that also, not only from the work that I do, Jow6MTUtZho-02415-00690529-00690708 but also in my doctoral work Jow6MTUtZho-02416-00690708-00691019 where the focus of my inquiry Jow6MTUtZho-02417-00691019-00691506 is on reconciling disparate discourses on quality. Jow6MTUtZho-02418-00691506-00691741 And I spent a lot of my time looking at language Jow6MTUtZho-02419-00691741-00691857 and thinking about words Jow6MTUtZho-02420-00691857-00692112 and contemplating the types of language Jow6MTUtZho-02421-00692112-00692571 that surfaces in conversations around success and outcomes, Jow6MTUtZho-02422-00692571-00692885 and how that actually renders real in many ways Jow6MTUtZho-02423-00692885-00693152 the reproduction of some pretty neoliberal Jow6MTUtZho-02424-00693152-00693463 and corporatized ways of being in our institutions. Jow6MTUtZho-02425-00693463-00693692 And I think that we have to problematize that. Jow6MTUtZho-02426-00693692-00693995 We have to critique that and we need to think about that. Jow6MTUtZho-02427-00693995-00694316 And the discourse on micro-certification has, in many ways, Jow6MTUtZho-02428-00694316-00694551 even though we're still talking about an object Jow6MTUtZho-02429-00694551-00695051 of a representation of learning and quality and success, Jow6MTUtZho-02430-00695093-00695336 it has forced us, and ought to force us Jow6MTUtZho-02431-00695336-00695551 to step back from what we currently offer Jow6MTUtZho-02432-00695551-00696006 and think differently about to whom we're offering it. Jow6MTUtZho-02433-00696006-00696278 Kathleen spoke beautifully about our role Jow6MTUtZho-02434-00696278-00696652 as higher education in the emerging skills-based economy. Jow6MTUtZho-02435-00696652-00697152 And I really enjoy the phrase the new majority of learners. Jow6MTUtZho-02436-00697176-00697428 And I will probably take that with me Jow6MTUtZho-02437-00697428-00697604 and get it emblazoned on a T-shirt Jow6MTUtZho-02438-00697698-00697950 because for me, it truly encapsulates Jow6MTUtZho-02439-00697950-00698380 a way to talk about our learners that is real Jow6MTUtZho-02440-00698380-00698841 and that isn't necessarily predicated by an adjective Jow6MTUtZho-02441-00698841-00699289 that is about their identity and who they are in the world Jow6MTUtZho-02442-00699289-00699516 relative to who we are in the world. Jow6MTUtZho-02443-00699516-00699698 And I also really appreciated, Jow6MTUtZho-02444-00699698-00700147 Kathleen, what you said about us having to unlock degrees. Jow6MTUtZho-02445-00700147-00700527 And I asked myself, what does really unlocking mean? Jow6MTUtZho-02446-00700527-00700707 What does that look like? Jow6MTUtZho-02447-00700707-00701011 How do we interrupt the cycle of credential reproduction Jow6MTUtZho-02448-00701011-00701339 in our systems that truly has maintained Jow6MTUtZho-02449-00701339-00701638 a very stable and dominant paradigm of privilege Jow6MTUtZho-02450-00701638-00701976 with regards to access to post-secondary education? Jow6MTUtZho-02451-00701976-00702363 We see this manifesting in diverse ways across the country. Jow6MTUtZho-02452-00702363-00702614 Ontario, by our own admission, Jow6MTUtZho-02453-00702614-00702832 we have not been good at mobility. Jow6MTUtZho-02454-00702832-00703058 We have not been good at transfer Jow6MTUtZho-02455-00703058-00703254 in the ways that other jurisdictions have. Jow6MTUtZho-02456-00703254-00703468 And some of that is a byproduct Jow6MTUtZho-02457-00703468-00703865 of how our legislation has embedded and bifurcated Jow6MTUtZho-02458-00703865-00704065 a very clear wall of division Jow6MTUtZho-02459-00704065-00704474 between colleges and universities. Jow6MTUtZho-02460-00704474-00704705 And I think the discourse on micro-certification Jow6MTUtZho-02461-00704705-00705196 is forcing us to really question what do we have on offer, Jow6MTUtZho-02462-00705196-00705298 who's offering it, Jow6MTUtZho-02463-00705298-00705597 and why are we competing with each other in doing so? Jow6MTUtZho-02464-00705723-00706029 But in unlocking our degrees and unlocking our credentials, Jow6MTUtZho-02465-00706029-00706350 we have to think about not just the object, Jow6MTUtZho-02466-00706350-00706772 but how do we, in fact, decolonize and deconstruct Jow6MTUtZho-02467-00706772-00706999 the traditional and very hegemonic ways Jow6MTUtZho-02468-00706999-00707181 of how we've structured teaching and learning Jow6MTUtZho-02469-00707181-00707399 at our institutions? Jow6MTUtZho-02470-00707399-00707779 We cannot ignore the very lovely land acknowledgement Jow6MTUtZho-02471-00707779-00707896 that started our day together. Jow6MTUtZho-02472-00707896-00708121 We cannot ignore what's happening Jow6MTUtZho-02473-00708121-00708370 along our rail lines across this country. Jow6MTUtZho-02474-00708370-00708735 We cannot ignore that we can't have a conversation Jow6MTUtZho-02475-00708735-00709092 about access to education without reconciling Jow6MTUtZho-02476-00709092-00709439 the very core relationship that we have as a country, Jow6MTUtZho-02477-00709439-00709546 and that is the relationship Jow6MTUtZho-02478-00709546-00709676 we have with our Indigenous people. Jow6MTUtZho-02479-00709676-00710026 And so, we have to decolonize our thinking and our practice Jow6MTUtZho-02480-00710026-00710292 around how we teach, what learning looks like, Jow6MTUtZho-02481-00710292-00710417 and how we generate knowledge. Jow6MTUtZho-02482-00710417-00710627 And is micro-certification a way Jow6MTUtZho-02483-00710627-00710863 to open up that space, Jow6MTUtZho-02484-00710863-00710984 to bring in alternate Jow6MTUtZho-02485-00710984-00711196 and different ways of knowing and learning Jow6MTUtZho-02486-00711196-00711564 and giving them credit, and giving them validity, Jow6MTUtZho-02487-00711564-00711866 and giving them that little check mark of certification Jow6MTUtZho-02488-00711866-00712092 that someone can put on a LinkedIn profile Jow6MTUtZho-02489-00712092-00712371 in order to access in a very necessary way Jow6MTUtZho-02490-00712371-00712575 the world of employment that they need to be into Jow6MTUtZho-02491-00712575-00712693 in order to survive. Jow6MTUtZho-02492-00712807-00713027 So a lot of this stuff makes me think about Jow6MTUtZho-02493-00713027-00713167 my own students at George Brown, Jow6MTUtZho-02494-00713167-00713387 our students here in Toronto. Jow6MTUtZho-02495-00713387-00713470 And for those of you Jow6MTUtZho-02496-00713470-00713597 who aren't familiar with George Brown College, Jow6MTUtZho-02497-00713597-00713934 we are one of the largest colleges in the country. Jow6MTUtZho-02498-00713934-00714088 We vacillate in that claim Jow6MTUtZho-02499-00714088-00714282 between a couple of our other partner institutions Jow6MTUtZho-02500-00714282-00714398 here in the province. Jow6MTUtZho-02501-00714398-00714775 But we have just over 33,000 individual learners. Jow6MTUtZho-02502-00714880-00715216 And when I think about those 33,000 people, Jow6MTUtZho-02503-00715216-00715540 60% are not coming directly from high school, Jow6MTUtZho-02504-00715540-00715680 and 50% of our learners Jow6MTUtZho-02505-00715680-00715936 already have post-secondary education experience. Jow6MTUtZho-02506-00716041-00716382 28% of our learners enter this country on a study permit, Jow6MTUtZho-02507-00716516-00716923 but 80% of our learners were either born outside of Canada, Jow6MTUtZho-02508-00716923-00717183 or have at least one parent who was, Jow6MTUtZho-02509-00717183-00717430 and that truly challenges our understanding Jow6MTUtZho-02510-00717430-00717735 and our construct of who is an international student Jow6MTUtZho-02511-00717735-00718102 and what internationalization and global mobility means. Jow6MTUtZho-02512-00718204-00718343 29% of our students live Jow6MTUtZho-02513-00718343-00718742 in the city of Toronto's neighborhood improvement areas. Jow6MTUtZho-02514-00718742-00718976 And these are areas of our wonderful city Jow6MTUtZho-02515-00718976-00719105 that are sadly underserved Jow6MTUtZho-02516-00719105-00719335 by social services, infrastructure, transit, Jow6MTUtZho-02517-00719335-00719525 and democratic participation. Jow6MTUtZho-02518-00719633-00719884 And 70% of our students come from families Jow6MTUtZho-02519-00719884-00720265 where household income is less than $50,000 per year. Jow6MTUtZho-02520-00720265-00720539 And while we think about Anne-Marie's earlier comment Jow6MTUtZho-02521-00720539-00720970 about the earning potential of the WIL grad, the co-op grad, Jow6MTUtZho-02522-00720970-00721184 I know when I graduated from Waterloo, it wasn't 50 grand, Jow6MTUtZho-02523-00721184-00721267 I'll tell you that much. Jow6MTUtZho-02524-00721267-00721529 But 50 grand as a household family income Jow6MTUtZho-02525-00721529-00721781 in the city of Toronto where the average rent Jow6MTUtZho-02526-00721781-00722139 is in excess of $2,000 is really troubling. Jow6MTUtZho-02527-00722139-00722477 70% of our students identify as non-White, Jow6MTUtZho-02528-00722477-00722613 13% of our students Jow6MTUtZho-02529-00722613-00722904 have self-identified as having a disability, Jow6MTUtZho-02530-00722904-00723192 more than ever are reporting mental illness, Jow6MTUtZho-02531-00723192-00723467 and approximately 70% of George Brown students Jow6MTUtZho-02532-00723467-00723619 receive provincial financial aid, Jow6MTUtZho-02533-00723619-00723898 and more than 90% of our students work part-time Jow6MTUtZho-02534-00723898-00724154 to supplement what the government is already doing. Jow6MTUtZho-02535-00724309-00724786 So we now have a new majority of learners, Jow6MTUtZho-02536-00724786-00725000 yet the ways in which we teach Jow6MTUtZho-02537-00725000-00725200 and the ways that we credential, Jow6MTUtZho-02538-00725200-00725474 and the ways that we verify by visa, Jow6MTUtZho-02539-00725474-00725669 give that little check mark Jow6MTUtZho-02540-00725669-00725855 are still very much entrenched Jow6MTUtZho-02541-00725855-00726145 in reproducing structures and powers of privilege. Jow6MTUtZho-02542-00726245-00726374 And that, for me, is one of the things Jow6MTUtZho-02543-00726374-00726544 that we really have to contemplate Jow6MTUtZho-02544-00726544-00726846 if we're opening up the conversation around certifications, Jow6MTUtZho-02545-00726846-00727207 for widening the discussion around how micro-certifications Jow6MTUtZho-02546-00727207-00727429 can in fact be tools of access Jow6MTUtZho-02547-00727429-00727805 and tools of opportunity to education. Jow6MTUtZho-02548-00727805-00728073 And so, it really does for me underpin Jow6MTUtZho-02549-00728073-00728237 what is, in many ways, Jow6MTUtZho-02550-00728237-00728416 what you described as being the imperatives Jow6MTUtZho-02551-00728416-00728530 for their Learner Revolution, Jow6MTUtZho-02552-00728530-00728784 and I think that we all need to really reflect on that. Jow6MTUtZho-02553-00728870-00729035 At the same time, I've thought about, Jow6MTUtZho-02554-00729035-00729224 well, really, who curates this knowledge? Jow6MTUtZho-02555-00729224-00729448 The conversation on curation I thought was fascinating. Jow6MTUtZho-02556-00729448-00729710 And as not only a doctoral student, Jow6MTUtZho-02557-00729710-00729793 but also a student Jow6MTUtZho-02558-00729793-00730034 who got my undergraduate degree in French language, Jow6MTUtZho-02559-00730034-00730133 I'm a word nerd, Jow6MTUtZho-02560-00730133-00730216 and the first thing I did Jow6MTUtZho-02561-00730216-00730536 as you all were debating who curates what is I looked it up. Jow6MTUtZho-02562-00730645-00730972 And in fact, we have curators as owners Jow6MTUtZho-02563-00730972-00731245 and keepers of knowledge and keepers of skills, Jow6MTUtZho-02564-00731245-00731582 and I think I would agree with you, those are our learners. Jow6MTUtZho-02565-00731582-00731767 And we also have curators who are stewards, Jow6MTUtZho-02566-00731767-00731904 and guardians, and custodians, Jow6MTUtZho-02567-00731904-00732098 and I believe that those are our faculty. Jow6MTUtZho-02568-00732098-00732187 But I think more importantly, Jow6MTUtZho-02569-00732187-00732411 they are probably our educators. Jow6MTUtZho-02570-00732411-00732701 Because when we talk strictly around learner and faculty, Jow6MTUtZho-02571-00732701-00733108 we also neglect to recognize the 98% plus Jow6MTUtZho-02572-00733108-00733320 of learning that happens outside of the classroom Jow6MTUtZho-02573-00733320-00733771 in co-curricular spaces, in extracurricular spaces. Jow6MTUtZho-02574-00733771-00733955 Work-integrated learning is great. Jow6MTUtZho-02575-00733955-00734183 I'm a product of that system. Jow6MTUtZho-02576-00734183-00734433 My co-op degree taught me all the things Jow6MTUtZho-02577-00734433-00734687 I did not want to do in my career. Jow6MTUtZho-02578-00734687-00734771 (audience laughing) Jow6MTUtZho-02579-00734771-00734854 It truly did. Jow6MTUtZho-02580-00734854-00735066 And I proudly wear that. Jow6MTUtZho-02581-00735066-00735217 I proudly wear that. Jow6MTUtZho-02582-00735356-00735588 My extracurricular experience Jow6MTUtZho-02583-00735588-00735923 gave me a sense of calling in my life. Jow6MTUtZho-02584-00735923-00736122 And I don't have a badge to prove it, Jow6MTUtZho-02585-00736214-00736629 I don't have a work term record that has validated that, Jow6MTUtZho-02586-00736629-00736917 I don't have a notation on my transcript Jow6MTUtZho-02587-00736917-00737130 that shows the extent of my involvement Jow6MTUtZho-02588-00737130-00737255 outside of the classroom, Jow6MTUtZho-02589-00737356-00737523 but without any of those experiences Jow6MTUtZho-02590-00737523-00737731 which were enriching contexts Jow6MTUtZho-02591-00737731-00737955 through which I developed and honed, Jow6MTUtZho-02592-00737955-00738111 the broadest set of human skills Jow6MTUtZho-02593-00738111-00738418 before any of us were even talking about them Jow6MTUtZho-02594-00738418-00738622 neglects any form of recognition. Jow6MTUtZho-02595-00738774-00738921 And as the VP of Student Success, Jow6MTUtZho-02596-00738921-00739021 I have to think about that. Jow6MTUtZho-02597-00739021-00739204 And how do we create space Jow6MTUtZho-02598-00739204-00739408 for that broadest population Jow6MTUtZho-02599-00739408-00739686 that the majority of students, of learners, Jow6MTUtZho-02600-00739686-00739989 who may not, because of financial or other reasons, Jow6MTUtZho-02601-00739989-00740223 have access to the resources Jow6MTUtZho-02602-00740223-00740400 to take on a work term at a charge, Jow6MTUtZho-02603-00740400-00740709 or work-integrated learning experience at a charge, Jow6MTUtZho-02604-00740709-00741073 but who are already busting their butts 15 hours a week, Jow6MTUtZho-02605-00741073-00741266 working part-time at McDonald's, Jow6MTUtZho-02606-00741266-00741521 five hours a week volunteering in their church community, Jow6MTUtZho-02607-00741521-00741885 and 10 hours a week on campus as a career peer coach, Jow6MTUtZho-02608-00741885-00742147 how are we creating pathways Jow6MTUtZho-02609-00742147-00742399 of recognition and skill development Jow6MTUtZho-02610-00742399-00742592 and reflection and opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-02611-00742592-00742933 for them to weave together those experiences Jow6MTUtZho-02612-00742933-00743363 and verify and validate as work-integrated learning, Jow6MTUtZho-02613-00743363-00743738 or experiential learning in its broadest sense? Jow6MTUtZho-02614-00743738-00743966 So I think the discussion on micro-certification, Jow6MTUtZho-02615-00743966-00744233 we are just the tiniest wedge in the door, Jow6MTUtZho-02616-00744233-00744536 particularly if we are talking about this Jow6MTUtZho-02617-00744536-00744832 in terms of what this means for access, Jow6MTUtZho-02618-00744832-00745016 and what this means for opportunity. Jow6MTUtZho-02619-00745102-00745407 And so, in terms of a Carol Burnett moment, Jow6MTUtZho-02620-00745407-00745770 I'm not going to Tarzan scream into the microphone, Jow6MTUtZho-02621-00745770-00745873 but some things that I think Jow6MTUtZho-02622-00745873-00746180 are worth thinking about going forward into the afternoon, Jow6MTUtZho-02623-00746180-00746493 before you then next get to hear me have a call of action, Jow6MTUtZho-02624-00746493-00746629 that's when I'm really gonna tell you what I think. Jow6MTUtZho-02625-00746629-00746783 No. And okay. (audience laughing) Jow6MTUtZho-02626-00746783-00746884 Is in the afternoon, Jow6MTUtZho-02627-00746884-00747096 we have to think about post-secondary education Jow6MTUtZho-02628-00747096-00747285 is preparing students Jow6MTUtZho-02629-00747285-00747490 and we're preparing ourselves Jow6MTUtZho-02630-00747490-00747868 by broadly engaging in setting up and structuring Jow6MTUtZho-02631-00747868-00747998 another way of certifying the work that we do Jow6MTUtZho-02632-00747998-00748264 and with the learning that students do. Jow6MTUtZho-02633-00748264-00748428 How do we think about that Jow6MTUtZho-02634-00748428-00748845 in a way that is transcriptable, that's transferable? Jow6MTUtZho-02635-00748845-00749132 We saw from the example within IBM, Jow6MTUtZho-02636-00749132-00749520 how that's moving within that closed system. Jow6MTUtZho-02637-00749520-00749718 But Anne asked the question, Jow6MTUtZho-02638-00749718-00749986 how do we see the work that students are doing, Jow6MTUtZho-02639-00749986-00750416 being verified and trusted by others? Jow6MTUtZho-02640-00750416-00750728 And so, we have to then, I think, engage our colleagues Jow6MTUtZho-02641-00750728-00751075 who are registrars in the room, and I see some of you, Jow6MTUtZho-02642-00751075-00751374 who are working feverishly in and among themselves Jow6MTUtZho-02643-00751374-00751829 on a global level to create a student data ecosystem Jow6MTUtZho-02644-00751829-00752247 that truly, in genders and ethos of data portability Jow6MTUtZho-02645-00752247-00752441 and facilitates mobility, Jow6MTUtZho-02646-00752441-00752667 and not just within and across institutions, Jow6MTUtZho-02647-00752667-00753012 but we have to transcend the idea of institutions, Jow6MTUtZho-02648-00753012-00753346 but student mobility from college to career. Jow6MTUtZho-02649-00753437-00753520 And I worry sometimes Jow6MTUtZho-02650-00753520-00753779 that we're still having conversations Jow6MTUtZho-02651-00753779-00754029 around micro-credentials, and portability, Jow6MTUtZho-02652-00754029-00754487 and transcriptability, and records, et cetera in isolation. Jow6MTUtZho-02653-00754487-00754778 I know that's the case at my own institution. Jow6MTUtZho-02654-00754778-00754941 I know that to be a fact. Jow6MTUtZho-02655-00754941-00755098 We're by no means perfect, Jow6MTUtZho-02656-00755098-00755399 but we all have to strive to do better to coordinate. Jow6MTUtZho-02657-00755399-00755564 And so, as you head into this afternoon, Jow6MTUtZho-02658-00755564-00755887 as we head into our next set of time together, Jow6MTUtZho-02659-00755887-00756177 some of the things that I would like you to ask yourselves, Jow6MTUtZho-02660-00756177-00756360 and I'm gonna be asking myself, Jow6MTUtZho-02661-00756360-00756674 as we see shining examples of initiatives Jow6MTUtZho-02662-00756674-00756896 and pilots and projects, which swiftly, Jow6MTUtZho-02663-00756896-00757036 we can have a bias to action Jow6MTUtZho-02664-00757036-00757368 and want to replicate in a very mimetic way, Jow6MTUtZho-02665-00757457-00757620 we have to ask yourselves, Jow6MTUtZho-02666-00757620-00757900 what are we holding onto and why are we holding onto it? Jow6MTUtZho-02667-00758058-00758155 We have to ask ourselves, Jow6MTUtZho-02668-00758155-00758627 what are we developing and in whose ultimate best interest? Jow6MTUtZho-02669-00758810-00758893 And we have to think about Jow6MTUtZho-02670-00758893-00759055 who's not represented in what we're doing Jow6MTUtZho-02671-00759055-00759185 and why they're not there. Jow6MTUtZho-02672-00759344-00759584 And I don't disagree with your earlier question Jow6MTUtZho-02673-00759584-00760060 about problematizing the focus on employment. Jow6MTUtZho-02674-00760060-00760227 I really don't. Jow6MTUtZho-02675-00760227-00760418 My heart tells me Jow6MTUtZho-02676-00760418-00760811 that the love of learning ought to be enough Jow6MTUtZho-02677-00760811-00760967 to create spaces for students Jow6MTUtZho-02678-00760967-00761277 to really develop the types of skills that they need. Jow6MTUtZho-02679-00761277-00761425 But I don't think necessarily Jow6MTUtZho-02680-00761425-00761768 a focus on employment is dehumanizing in any way. Jow6MTUtZho-02681-00761768-00762011 I think it actually is required. Jow6MTUtZho-02682-00762011-00762381 Because our new majority of learners simply need to access, Jow6MTUtZho-02683-00762381-00762601 as troubling as it is for me, Jow6MTUtZho-02684-00762601-00763044 the capitalist machine of society in order to survive, Jow6MTUtZho-02685-00763044-00763235 and they're looking at post-secondary education, Jow6MTUtZho-02686-00763235-00763547 particularly, in my context in the college space, Jow6MTUtZho-02687-00763547-00763831 as the pathway to employment that's going to, in fact, Jow6MTUtZho-02688-00763831-00764039 help them earn the money that they need Jow6MTUtZho-02689-00764039-00764178 in order to help their families Jow6MTUtZho-02690-00764178-00764432 and communities grow and thrive. Jow6MTUtZho-02691-00764531-00764765 So I invite you to think about those questions Jow6MTUtZho-02692-00764765-00765017 and perhaps come up with some answers for yourself. Jow6MTUtZho-02693-00765017-00765232 And have a great lunch. Jow6MTUtZho-02694-00765232-00765406 And we'll talk more this afternoon. Jow6MTUtZho-02695-00765406-00765706 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-02696-00766193-00766314 - Thank you, Chris. Jow6MTUtZho-02697-00766314-00766414 - Thank you. Jow6MTUtZho-02698-00766638-00766769 - I know Chris mentioned Jow6MTUtZho-02699-00766769-00766988 that you'd be able to run off to lunch, Jow6MTUtZho-02700-00767180-00767394 but before we break for lunch, Jow6MTUtZho-02701-00767480-00767831 I'd like to welcome David Porter, Jow6MTUtZho-02702-00767831-00768121 former CEO of eCampusOntario, Jow6MTUtZho-02703-00768121-00768310 who would like to make an announcement. Jow6MTUtZho-02704-00768310-00768393 David. Jow6MTUtZho-02705-00768393-00768476 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-02706-00768476-00768559 - Thanks, Jamee. Jow6MTUtZho-02707-00768559-00768901 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-02708-00768901-00769287 Thanks, Jamee, and thanks to the keynoters this morning: Jow6MTUtZho-02709-00769287-00769572 Kathleen, Kerri, and Anne-Marie Jow6MTUtZho-02710-00769857-00770086 for their great words. Jow6MTUtZho-02711-00770086-00770295 Keep pushing here, Lena. Jow6MTUtZho-02712-00770295-00770409 Okay! Jow6MTUtZho-02713-00770409-00770730 One of the things that Humber College does Jow6MTUtZho-02714-00770730-00771043 is publish a journal Jow6MTUtZho-02715-00771043-00771327 of innovation and polytechnic education. Jow6MTUtZho-02716-00771327-00771515 And we thought that for our fall issue Jow6MTUtZho-02717-00771515-00771715 that we would announce today Jow6MTUtZho-02718-00771715-00772086 a theme issue on innovation and micro-certification. Jow6MTUtZho-02719-00772086-00772404 And we'd like to invite colleagues in the room Jow6MTUtZho-02720-00772404-00772699 to consider submissions to the journal Jow6MTUtZho-02721-00772699-00773199 by the end of April of 2020 for publication in the fall. Jow6MTUtZho-02722-00773295-00773513 The type may be a little small for you to read, Jow6MTUtZho-02723-00773513-00773722 I'll put it up on the Twitter stream. Jow6MTUtZho-02724-00773722-00773970 But I think what we're learning and what we heard, Jow6MTUtZho-02725-00773970-00774272 and from Chris's summation of the morning, Jow6MTUtZho-02726-00774272-00774486 is we need to think more expansively Jow6MTUtZho-02727-00774486-00774687 about micro-certification Jow6MTUtZho-02728-00774687-00775053 and the role of certification in the ecosystem Jow6MTUtZho-02729-00775053-00775261 that is the world we live in, Jow6MTUtZho-02730-00775261-00775735 and really begin to bring some rigor to the problem as well. Jow6MTUtZho-02731-00775735-00775907 And so, this is an opportunity Jow6MTUtZho-02732-00775907-00776197 for people who are doing extremely innovative work, Jow6MTUtZho-02733-00776197-00776452 asking hard questions, Jow6MTUtZho-02734-00776452-00776812 to propose papers and studies Jow6MTUtZho-02735-00776812-00777149 that begin to illuminate some of these issues Jow6MTUtZho-02736-00777149-00777501 for colleagues around the province and across the country. Jow6MTUtZho-02737-00777501-00777665 And although it's the Journal of Innovation Jow6MTUtZho-02738-00777665-00777799 and Polytechnic Education, Jow6MTUtZho-02739-00777799-00778014 we invite our colleagues in the university sector Jow6MTUtZho-02740-00778014-00778211 to join us also, Jow6MTUtZho-02741-00778211-00778561 and also, the people on the stream this morning as well Jow6MTUtZho-02742-00778561-00778821 who may be watching across the country. Jow6MTUtZho-02743-00778821-00779167 So it is actually me who is the gate to your lunch, Jow6MTUtZho-02744-00779167-00779485 and I will now give you leave Jow6MTUtZho-02745-00779485-00779776 to enjoy a delicious lunch at the back. Jow6MTUtZho-02746-00779776-00779863 Thanks! Jow6MTUtZho-02747-00779863-00780187 (audience applauds) Jow6MTUtZho-02748-00780187-00780504 (serene techno music) J1Ihi2PbIx8-00000-00000010-00000060 THE DRIVER OF THE PICKUP TRUCK J1Ihi2PbIx8-00001-00000060-00000066 THE DRIVER OF THE PICKUP TRUCK J1Ihi2PbIx8-00002-00000066-00000150 THE DRIVER OF THE PICKUP TRUCK AND HIS PASSENGER WERE NOT J1Ihi2PbIx8-00003-00000150-00000156 THE DRIVER OF THE PICKUP TRUCK AND HIS PASSENGER WERE NOT J1Ihi2PbIx8-00004-00000156-00000597 THE DRIVER OF THE PICKUP TRUCK AND HIS PASSENGER WERE NOT INJURED. J1Ihi2PbIx8-00005-00000597-00000603 AND HIS PASSENGER WERE NOT INJURED. J1Ihi2PbIx8-00006-00000603-00000764 AND HIS PASSENGER WERE NOT INJURED. >>> AN 88-YEAR-OLD VERNDALE MAN J1Ihi2PbIx8-00007-00000764-00000770 INJURED. >>> AN 88-YEAR-OLD VERNDALE MAN J1Ihi2PbIx8-00008-00000770-00000844 INJURED. >>> AN 88-YEAR-OLD VERNDALE MAN HAS DIED IN AN ATV CRASH JUST J1Ihi2PbIx8-00009-00000844-00000850 >>> AN 88-YEAR-OLD VERNDALE MAN HAS DIED IN AN ATV CRASH JUST J1Ihi2PbIx8-00010-00000850-00000950 >>> AN 88-YEAR-OLD VERNDALE MAN HAS DIED IN AN ATV CRASH JUST NORTH OF VERNDALE. J1Ihi2PbIx8-00011-00000950-00000957 HAS DIED IN AN ATV CRASH JUST NORTH OF VERNDALE. J1Ihi2PbIx8-00012-00000957-00001077 HAS DIED IN AN ATV CRASH JUST NORTH OF VERNDALE. THE WADENA COUNTY SHERIFF'S J1Ihi2PbIx8-00013-00001077-00001084 NORTH OF VERNDALE. THE WADENA COUNTY SHERIFF'S J1Ihi2PbIx8-00014-00001084-00001211 NORTH OF VERNDALE. THE WADENA COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE REPORTS WILLIAM KERN WAS J1Ihi2PbIx8-00015-00001211-00001217 THE WADENA COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE REPORTS WILLIAM KERN WAS J1Ihi2PbIx8-00016-00001217-00001364 THE WADENA COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE REPORTS WILLIAM KERN WAS RIDING YESTERDAY AFTERNOON IN J1Ihi2PbIx8-00017-00001364-00001371 OFFICE REPORTS WILLIAM KERN WAS RIDING YESTERDAY AFTERNOON IN J1Ihi2PbIx8-00018-00001371-00001511 OFFICE REPORTS WILLIAM KERN WAS RIDING YESTERDAY AFTERNOON IN WING RIVER TOWNSHIP WHEN THE ATV J1Ihi2PbIx8-00019-00001511-00001518 RIDING YESTERDAY AFTERNOON IN WING RIVER TOWNSHIP WHEN THE ATV J1Ihi2PbIx8-00020-00001518-00001688 RIDING YESTERDAY AFTERNOON IN WING RIVER TOWNSHIP WHEN THE ATV HE WAS DRIVING ROLLED OVER. J1Ihi2PbIx8-00021-00001688-00001695 WING RIVER TOWNSHIP WHEN THE ATV HE WAS DRIVING ROLLED OVER. J1Ihi2PbIx8-00022-00001695-00001835 WING RIVER TOWNSHIP WHEN THE ATV HE WAS DRIVING ROLLED OVER. KERN WAS THROWN FROM THE VEHICLE J1Ihi2PbIx8-00023-00001835-00001841 HE WAS DRIVING ROLLED OVER. KERN WAS THROWN FROM THE VEHICLE J1Ihi2PbIx8-00024-00001841-00001958 HE WAS DRIVING ROLLED OVER. KERN WAS THROWN FROM THE VEHICLE AND SUFFERED SEVERE HEAD J1Ihi2PbIx8-00025-00001958-00001965 KERN WAS THROWN FROM THE VEHICLE AND SUFFERED SEVERE HEAD J1Ihi2PbIx8-00026-00001965-00002085 KERN WAS THROWN FROM THE VEHICLE AND SUFFERED SEVERE HEAD INJURIES. J1Ihi2PbIx8-00027-00002085-00002092 AND SUFFERED SEVERE HEAD INJURIES. J1Ihi2PbIx8-00028-00002092-00002262 AND SUFFERED SEVERE HEAD INJURIES. MEDICAL PERSONNEL ARRIVED ON THE J1Ihi2PbIx8-00029-00002262-00002268 INJURIES. MEDICAL PERSONNEL ARRIVED ON THE J1Ihi2PbIx8-00030-00002268-00002412 INJURIES. MEDICAL PERSONNEL ARRIVED ON THE SCENE AND PROVIDED MEDICAL CARE, J1Ihi2PbIx8-00031-00002412-00002419 MEDICAL PERSONNEL ARRIVED ON THE SCENE AND PROVIDED MEDICAL CARE, J1Ihi2PbIx8-00032-00002419-00002542 MEDICAL PERSONNEL ARRIVED ON THE SCENE AND PROVIDED MEDICAL CARE, BUT KERN WAS PRONOUNCED DEAD J2fKs234NlQ-00000-00000144-00000496 - 1981’de Brisbane’da doğdum - 7 yaşındayken Amerika’ya taşındık J2fKs234NlQ-00001-00000496-00000856 - Ailem ayrılmıştı ve babam otel işletiyordu - Annemin Amerika’da birkaç arkadaşı J2fKs234NlQ-00002-00000856-00000956 vardı. J2fKs234NlQ-00003-00000956-00001290 Tatile gittik - Annem orada iş buldu ve bir iki yıl sürdürdü J2fKs234NlQ-00004-00001290-00002241 en sonunda ikinci kez evlendi - New york ve new jersey arasında yaşadık J2fKs234NlQ-00005-00002241-00002423 - Harikaydı - Televizyonda gördüğünüz gibi J2fKs234NlQ-00006-00002423-00002741 - Çocuklar çılgındı - Çok eğlenceliydi ama eğlencenin yanlış J2fKs234NlQ-00007-00002741-00002841 bir türüydü J2fKs234NlQ-00008-00002841-00003059 - Büyüdükçe din hayatımın bir kısmı J2fKs234NlQ-00009-00003059-00003286 oldu - Hatırlayabiliyorum, çocukken annem beni J2fKs234NlQ-00010-00003286-00003884 dua etmeye teşvik ediyordu - O beni kiliseye gitmeye alıştırdı J2fKs234NlQ-00011-00003884-00004831 - Bazı zamanlar bir Katolik kilisesine giderdik - Bazı zamanlar da bir pantekostal kilisesine J2fKs234NlQ-00012-00004831-00005189 giderdik - Ama yeterince büyüdüğümde gitmedim J2fKs234NlQ-00013-00005189-00005700 - Dua etmeye geri dönmedim ya da burası ötesinde hiçbir şey düşünmeye şuanki J2fKs234NlQ-00014-00005700-00006047 genç adamlar gibi - 16 yaşındayken Avusturalya’ya geri taşındık J2fKs234NlQ-00015-00006047-00006394 - Annem bana söylemedi ama bence dönmemizin nedeni bendim J2fKs234NlQ-00016-00006394-00006567 - Yanlış yolda, yanlış çocuklarlaydım. J2fKs234NlQ-00017-00006567-00006870 Boş boş dolaşıyordum - Annem Avustralya’ya tatile geleceğimizi J2fKs234NlQ-00018-00006870-00007218 söyledi - Ama tek yönlü bilet olduğu ortaya çıktı. J2fKs234NlQ-00019-00007218-00007565 Beni oradan çıkarmanın tek yolunun bu olduğunu düşündü. J2fKs234NlQ-00020-00007565-00007911 - Birkaç yıl amaçsızca dolandım - Gerçekten depresyondaydım çünkü Amerika’ya J2fKs234NlQ-00021-00007911-00008367 geri dönmek ve arkadaşlarımla olmak istiyordum - Burada okula gitmeyi denedim ama sistem J2fKs234NlQ-00022-00008367-00008713 tamamen farklıydı - Kayıt olduktan 6 ay sonra okulu bıraktım J2fKs234NlQ-00023-00008713-00009167 - Kapıdan kapıya pazarlama işine girdim - Bir çeşit okuldan sonra deneyimsiz yapılan J2fKs234NlQ-00024-00009167-00009493 şey - Sonraları bir bankada çalıştım, iyi J2fKs234NlQ-00025-00009493-00009832 işleri vardı - 22 yaşımda, gençken evlendim J2fKs234NlQ-00026-00009832-00010233 - Ve ani bir düşüşün içine girdim - Geleneksel yaşamda başarısız olacağımı J2fKs234NlQ-00027-00010233-00010464 hissediyorum - İyi olanla ilgilenmedim ve uyuşturucu J2fKs234NlQ-00028-00010464-00010713 ve suça saptım - Kötü zamanlardı J2fKs234NlQ-00029-00010713-00011013 - Kayboldum, kötü şeyler yapıyordum - Tipik suçluydum J2fKs234NlQ-00030-00011013-00011360 - İyi bir hayat yaşamıyordum, kendimle mutlu değildim J2fKs234NlQ-00031-00011360-00011659 - 2007 de - Uyuşturucuyla bağlantılı suçtan 10 J2fKs234NlQ-00032-00011659-00012079 ay hapis cezası aldım - Dürüst olursak, gerçekten benim için J2fKs234NlQ-00033-00012079-00012335 iyi zamanlardı - Hiç sağlıklı değildim J2fKs234NlQ-00034-00012335-00013037 - İki ya da üç gece sabaha kadar ayaktaydım - Bazen alkol alıyor ve iyi yemek yemiyordum J2fKs234NlQ-00035-00013037-00013637 - Yani hapse girdiğimde - İyi yemeğe ve uykuya sahip oldum ve sağlığım J2fKs234NlQ-00036-00013637-00013980 yerine geldi - Hapishane gözlerimi açtı J2fKs234NlQ-00037-00013980-00014340 - Hapishane düşündüğüm kadar kötü bir yer değildi J2fKs234NlQ-00038-00014340-00014761 - Ama orada kendini düzeltmen bir amaç değil sonuçtu J2fKs234NlQ-00039-00014761-00015087 - Orası müthiş bir yer ya da hiçbir yer değildi J2fKs234NlQ-00040-00015087-00015354 - Dışarı çıktığımda doğruca içeri geri girdim J2fKs234NlQ-00041-00015354-00015647 - Duraklama yapmadım - Çılgın olmadığım bir anım dahi yok. J2fKs234NlQ-00042-00015647-00016282 Aynı insanlarla aynı şeyleri yapıyordum - Bir yerde yol boyunca tüm bu kötü şeyleri J2fKs234NlQ-00043-00016282-00016674 yapıyor ama manevi benliğime daha ilgili oluyordum. J2fKs234NlQ-00044-00016674-00016840 - Bir insan ve karakterim olarak kimdim? J2fKs234NlQ-00045-00016840-00017028 - Kendimin kötü sürümü olduğumun farkına vardım J2fKs234NlQ-00046-00017028-00017362 - Eski alışkanlıklarımı değiştirmeye başladım J2fKs234NlQ-00047-00017362-00017968 - Kendime ve diğer insanlara dürüst oluyor - Gold Coast’ta Babtist kilisesine gitmeye J2fKs234NlQ-00048-00017968-00018142 başladım - Bu bölgede muhtaç kimselerin desteklenmesine J2fKs234NlQ-00049-00018142-00018343 dâhil oluyordum - Perşembe günü bir öğle yemeği pişiriyorduk J2fKs234NlQ-00050-00018343-00018534 - Böyle şeyler yapmak değişimin zor olmadığını fark etmemi sağlıyor J2fKs234NlQ-00051-00018534-00018759 - Değişebilirdim - Kendimi iyi şeyler yapan nazik dindar insanlarla J2fKs234NlQ-00052-00018759-00019159 çevrelemek iyi hissettirdi - Birbirlerine gerçekten kötü şeyler yapan J2fKs234NlQ-00053-00019159-00019472 hiçbir dine sahip olmayan (bildiğim) insanların aksine J2fKs234NlQ-00054-00019472-00019936 - Uyuşturucu satmıyorlar ve uyuşturucu ya da para için birbirlerine zarar vermiyorlar J2fKs234NlQ-00055-00019936-00020312 - Karanlıkla karşılaştırılan ışıktı - Tanrının varlığına inanıyordum ama J2fKs234NlQ-00056-00020312-00020690 teolojik olarak Hristiyanlıktan memnun değildim - Zihnimin arkasında J2fKs234NlQ-00057-00020690-00021176 - Her zaman Kur-an okumayı istiyordum - Ve bir camiye gitmeği J2fKs234NlQ-00058-00021176-00021746 - Bir gün, gerçekten kötü bir gündeyken birini aramaya ihtiyacım olduğunu hissettim J2fKs234NlQ-00059-00021746-00022168 - Muhammed isimli bir taksi şoförünün telefon numarasını buldum J2fKs234NlQ-00060-00022168-00022593 - Birkaç hafta öncesinde tanıştığımda - Onu aradım ve ona camiye gelip gelemeyeceğimi J2fKs234NlQ-00061-00022593-00023096 sordum - O bana neden diye sordu ve dedim ki J2fKs234NlQ-00062-00023096-00023759 - REHBERE VE YARDIMA İHTİYACIM VAR - O akşam orada benimle konuştu ve beni J2fKs234NlQ-00063-00023759-00023918 toparladı - Ve olan oldu J2fKs234NlQ-00064-00023918-00024263 - İmamlardan birisi benimle konuştu - Ve kardeşlerimi namaz kılarken izledim J2fKs234NlQ-00065-00024263-00024695 bu toplamda iç dünyamı huzurlu hissettiriyordu - Bu duygu eve aidiyet duygusuydu J2fKs234NlQ-00066-00024695-00024853 - ŞEHADETİMİ getirdim - İMANIMIN KANITI J2fKs234NlQ-00067-00024853-00025049 - Bu gece - Her şey değişti J2fKs234NlQ-00068-00025049-00025443 - Bundan sonra İslami arzularım vardı - Ve şimdi beş yıldır temizim J2fKs234NlQ-00069-00025443-00025797 - İslam tüm yaşamımı değiştirdi - Bana anlamlar, kurallar ve başarının J2fKs234NlQ-00070-00025797-00026111 yolunu verdi - İslam’a dönüşmeden 1 yıl önce neyi J2fKs234NlQ-00071-00026111-00026426 elde edebiliyordum - Kendimin en iyi versiyonu haline gelmeye J2fKs234NlQ-00072-00026426-00026662 çabalamalıydım - Kuralsızlığı takip ederek Kendi başınıza J2fKs234NlQ-00073-00026662-00026888 iş yaparken - Zorlu bir süreç olabilir J2fKs234NlQ-00074-00026888-00027376 - Ben tanıştığımda İslam’la, İslam’ın hoşuma giden bir parçası Müslümanların J2fKs234NlQ-00075-00027376-00027485 karakterlerinin kuvvetiydi. J2fKs234NlQ-00076-00027485-00027939 - Gerçekten Onlar uyuşturucu kullanmıyorlar ve hiç bir kötü şeyi içmiyorlar. J2fKs234NlQ-00077-00027939-00028357 - Bazı şeyler beni gerçekten cezbetti - Benim yaşadığım hayatın zıt kutbuydu J2fKs234NlQ-00078-00028357-00028693 - Ve böylesine güçlü bir karakter gücü gerektiriyormuş gibi görünüyordu J2fKs234NlQ-00079-00028693-00029070 - Bir genç adam olarak, her zaman kuvvetliye doğru yöneldim J2fKs234NlQ-00080-00029070-00029450 - İslam’a dönüşümden 3 ay sonra - Annem de İslam’ı seçti. J2fKs234NlQ-00081-00029450-00029912 - Hayatımda yaptığım olumlu her şey de o çok büyük destekçim olmuştu. J2fKs234NlQ-00082-00029912-00030548 - Ama bu durumda - Ben ondan önce iman ettim J2fKs234NlQ-00083-00030548-00030925 - Bu yüzden o benim yaptığımı uyguluyor J3LL3M93ChE-00000-00000078-00000304 Channel 9, Southern California. J5LM6D-3hh8-00000-00000330-00000586 Hello everyone. Welcome to OpenSourceCook. J5LM6D-3hh8-00001-00000630-00001030 This is our 7th video in the GNU/Linux tutorial series J5LM6D-3hh8-00002-00001068-00001328 With this video we are going to start exploring J5LM6D-3hh8-00003-00001328-00001870 the graphical user interface and how to work with the graphical user interface. J5LM6D-3hh8-00004-00001978-00002536 Before we proceed with this video, lets just recall what we have done till now J5LM6D-3hh8-00005-00002614-00003182 In the previous videos we have discussed about the GNU/Linux system structure J5LM6D-3hh8-00006-00003222-00003546 What is a shell, what is the concept of a shell J5LM6D-3hh8-00007-00003578-00004124 what is the file system hierarchy or directory structure which directories J5LM6D-3hh8-00008-00004124-00004484 you should be knowing immediately, J5LM6D-3hh8-00009-00004560-00004784 What is the file naming convention. J5LM6D-3hh8-00010-00004854-00005212 The concept of administrator, generic user and sudo (pseudo) users. J5LM6D-3hh8-00011-00005308-00005464 So with this basic J5LM6D-3hh8-00012-00005484-00005878 Information we will be able to proceed further. J5LM6D-3hh8-00013-00005924-00006154 Now before we dive into actually J5LM6D-3hh8-00014-00006208-00006578 the usage of the graphical interface, J5LM6D-3hh8-00015-00006645-00006845 I would like to discuss a few things that J5LM6D-3hh8-00016-00006872-00007459 would really help you in working with the Linux environment or rather in any J5LM6D-3hh8-00017-00007498-00007902 kind of computer environment later on. J5LM6D-3hh8-00018-00007926-00008250 so let's just discuss those concepts. J5LM6D-3hh8-00019-00008438-00008888 Okay the first thing I want to discuss is the concept of a file. J5LM6D-3hh8-00020-00008920-00009182 Everyone has heard the term file. J5LM6D-3hh8-00021-00009586-00010222 This is a common term everyone uses save it as a file, open this file, open that file J5LM6D-3hh8-00022-00010286-00010712 so file is a concept in a way the computers going to store J5LM6D-3hh8-00023-00010768-00011054 the information or data that you have created. J5LM6D-3hh8-00024-00011122-00011322 Files have different formats J5LM6D-3hh8-00025-00011348-00011958 In Linux or UNIX type systems the files are classified into two types of files J5LM6D-3hh8-00026-00012012-00012262 One is a text file another is a binary file J5LM6D-3hh8-00027-00012322-00012412 Now J5LM6D-3hh8-00028-00012462-00012768 In general a very simple way to identify this is J5LM6D-3hh8-00029-00012768-00013060 if you open the file in a text editor J5LM6D-3hh8-00030-00013060-00013386 and you can see the J5LM6D-3hh8-00031-00013444-00013794 regular characters which you in somehow identify that is usually J5LM6D-3hh8-00032-00013813-00014032 considered as a text file. J5LM6D-3hh8-00033-00014119-00014352 If you see garbage it is a binary J5LM6D-3hh8-00034-00014402-00014544 for the time being just J5LM6D-3hh8-00035-00014578-00014732 keep this thing in mind. J5LM6D-3hh8-00036-00014922-00015412 So file is a mechanism which is used by J5LM6D-3hh8-00037-00015426-00015974 computer to store your data or rather point to your data. J5LM6D-3hh8-00038-00016047-00016492 so whatever you have created it stores it somewhere on the computer and the file name that you give J5LM6D-3hh8-00039-00016540-00016860 that is the way of how you can retrieve that information. J5LM6D-3hh8-00040-00016922-00017484 The next point that I would like to discuss is that use the correct terms J5LM6D-3hh8-00041-00017528-00018006 Now how this is going to help you and what exactly I mean by use the correct terms. J5LM6D-3hh8-00042-00018076-00018786 now I have often seen people using the product name and normal nature for identifying different things J5LM6D-3hh8-00043-00018878-00018958 Okay. J5LM6D-3hh8-00044-00019000-00019366 That is useful if you are specifically working for a product, J5LM6D-3hh8-00045-00019392-00019970 But if you start talking and thinking in terms of terminology J5LM6D-3hh8-00046-00020006-00020710 rather than a product a name or a specific product it will become very easy for you to work on any environment. J5LM6D-3hh8-00047-00020742-00020910 Let us say... J5LM6D-3hh8-00048-00020998-00021198 the most J5LM6D-3hh8-00049-00021222-00021440 interesting thing till date I have heard J5LM6D-3hh8-00050-00021474-00021602 By people is J5LM6D-3hh8-00051-00021658-00021830 everyone refers if not everyone most J5LM6D-3hh8-00052-00021890-00022090 To a presentation as PPT, J5LM6D-3hh8-00053-00022176-00022350 If not everyone.. most of them J5LM6D-3hh8-00054-00022390-00022576 So what exactly is PPT? J5LM6D-3hh8-00055-00022650-00022918 well if you go to chemistry 1 0 1 it is J5LM6D-3hh8-00056-00022918-00023266 precipitate, something which is absolutely useless... J5LM6D-3hh8-00057-00023364-00023462 so J5LM6D-3hh8-00058-00023498-00023770 rather than going into these kind of J5LM6D-3hh8-00059-00023978-00024576 usage of product names or extensions or something start using the correct terminology!! J5LM6D-3hh8-00060-00024622-00024694 For example, J5LM6D-3hh8-00061-00024776-00025046 terminology is office suit J5LM6D-3hh8-00062-00025108-00025426 okay it's a tool office suite J5LM6D-3hh8-00063-00025450-00025727 Where you will get some applications J5LM6D-3hh8-00064-00025727-00025954 for three different works generally. J5LM6D-3hh8-00065-00026045-00026283 First is word processing J5LM6D-3hh8-00066-00026354-00026750 Fine generally people say give me a .doc file or something J5LM6D-3hh8-00067-00026777-00027020 No we are not interested in J5LM6D-3hh8-00068-00027038-00027280 whether you are giving your doc file or something J5LM6D-3hh8-00069-00027308-00027714 If you want to do word processing you need a tool for word processing J5LM6D-3hh8-00070-00027744-00028283 Now what tool we'll be using is a different criteria but if your concept of J5LM6D-3hh8-00071-00028283-00028794 what you want to do is word processing is clear it will be easier for you to J5LM6D-3hh8-00072-00028794-00029010 look out for a tool for word processing. J5LM6D-3hh8-00073-00029038-00029262 if you are looking for a specific J5LM6D-3hh8-00074-00029320-00030006 terminology like I want to create a .doc file then you will end up going back to J5LM6D-3hh8-00075-00030030-00030292 the zero where you started from. J5LM6D-3hh8-00076-00030327-00030812 Similarly if you want to create spreadsheets J5LM6D-3hh8-00077-00030836-00031156 look for a tool which in help you creating spreadsheets J5LM6D-3hh8-00078-00031195-00031389 if you want to make presentations J5LM6D-3hh8-00079-00031418-00031660 Look for a tool which is there for presentations J5LM6D-3hh8-00080-00031686-00031936 there are multiple tools for all these things J5LM6D-3hh8-00081-00031994-00032310 another example is like file manager J5LM6D-3hh8-00082-00032356-00032492 look for a file manager don't go for J5LM6D-3hh8-00083-00032492-00032724 Don't look for explorer or something like that J5LM6D-3hh8-00084-00032826-00033024 People say is J5LM6D-3hh8-00085-00033048-00033178 I want J5LM6D-3hh8-00086-00033364-00033450 Chrome J5LM6D-3hh8-00087-00033450-00033598 Firefox or something J5LM6D-3hh8-00088-00033638-00033912 If you want to go to the Internet J5LM6D-3hh8-00089-00033938-00034190 browse the Internet it is refereed as a web browser J5LM6D-3hh8-00090-00034254-00034670 So what I am trying to put over here is we are looking.. J5LM6D-3hh8-00091-00034712-00034968 Forward to talk in terms of terminology J5LM6D-3hh8-00092-00035020-00035364 we will be using some product but if you keep these things in mind J5LM6D-3hh8-00093-00035364-00035576 it will become much more easier for J5LM6D-3hh8-00094-00035588-00035776 you to work in the environment. J5LM6D-3hh8-00095-00035776-00036160 Ok so what next J5LM6D-3hh8-00096-00036184-00036524 The next thing then we are going to this this is the GUI J5LM6D-3hh8-00097-00036578-00036826 The graphical user interface again J5LM6D-3hh8-00098-00036856-00037068 it's a user interface as I said J5LM6D-3hh8-00099-00037088-00037404 people who will be interested later on going into the J5LM6D-3hh8-00100-00037440-00038160 command-line interface, you have to keep your minds open we are using one interface will be shifted to another interface to do our work J5LM6D-3hh8-00101-00038238-00038666 So a graphical interface is a graphical representation of your J5LM6D-3hh8-00102-00038666-00039208 commands applications tools that you can run usually by clicking on an icon. J5LM6D-3hh8-00103-00039282-00040048 Now in case of Linux we have certain applications of we call servers J5LM6D-3hh8-00104-00040072-00040396 which provide us this interface between the hardware J5LM6D-3hh8-00105-00040430-00040592 and the user. J5LM6D-3hh8-00106-00040624-00041226 So not going into the details a GUI usually consists of J5LM6D-3hh8-00107-00041254-00041680 something what we call as the window manager and the window manager is J5LM6D-3hh8-00108-00041680-00042276 responsible for drawing those windows positioning them processing opening of the windows J5LM6D-3hh8-00109-00042308-00042660 window manager plus application certain distributions J5LM6D-3hh8-00110-00042661-00043155 provide you of combination on these things which we refer as a desktop so J5LM6D-3hh8-00111-00043155-00043786 the desktop which we are going to work on our distribution for this series will J5LM6D-3hh8-00112-00043786-00044006 be XFCE J5LM6D-3hh8-00113-00044102-00044530 so you might be using any other desktop there a lot of desktops J5LM6D-3hh8-00114-00044556-00045292 there is GNOME there is KDE there is MATE there is Cinnamon and lot of them are there J5LM6D-3hh8-00115-00045386-00045730 But again as I said if you keep your minds open it's not going to J5LM6D-3hh8-00116-00045730-00046168 be difficult. All of them are going to give you a starting point in some places J5LM6D-3hh8-00117-00046168-00046528 it is going to be on the lower left corner in some places will be on the J5LM6D-3hh8-00118-00046528-00047173 upper side and so on but finally you will have access to your applications J5LM6D-3hh8-00119-00047173-00047440 through some location or the other J5LM6D-3hh8-00120-00047474-00047708 As I said earlier what you need to keep in J5LM6D-3hh8-00121-00047766-00048564 mind is you need to look for the tool for a particular work and not a product J5LM6D-3hh8-00122-00048564-00049141 if you keep this in mind it will be much more easier for you to work with your J5LM6D-3hh8-00123-00049141-00049268 graphical user interface J5LM6D-3hh8-00124-00049324-00049592 So with this I will stop here and we J5LM6D-3hh8-00125-00049618-00050126 will proceed into our Graphical User Interface so lets continue. J5LM6D-3hh8-00126-00050370-00050934 Okay so this is our J5LM6D-3hh8-00127-00050964-00051640 welcome screen, when you start Mint you will get this welcome screen J5LM6D-3hh8-00128-00051672-00052320 so as I said in our, my earlier video you may be using a different distribution J5LM6D-3hh8-00129-00052370-00052844 or a different desktop you will get a similar environment J5LM6D-3hh8-00130-00052886-00053229 in case of Mint we get this welcome screen J5LM6D-3hh8-00131-00053260-00053641 please go ahead and go through these steps J5LM6D-3hh8-00132-00053672-00054338 for the time being and let this be like this, show this dialog box at startup J5LM6D-3hh8-00133-00054346-00054808 leave it as it, as this gives you some useful hints and links to other things J5LM6D-3hh8-00134-00054808-00055100 so I'm just going to close it for the time being J5LM6D-3hh8-00135-00055186-00055512 So I have changed my desktop (Rather Background) J5LM6D-3hh8-00136-00055608-00055967 you might be getting a different image or something J5LM6D-3hh8-00137-00056062-00056429 so the first thing first, this is my desktop area J5LM6D-3hh8-00138-00056478-00056860 this is our panel J5LM6D-3hh8-00139-00056916-00057748 which is having certain information again I have played around a bit so it's showing me certain few other things J5LM6D-3hh8-00140-00057841-00058382 so in general you should get to see this network icon J5LM6D-3hh8-00141-00058450-00058786 your battery icon if you are working on a laptop J5LM6D-3hh8-00142-00058786-00059348 speaker for audio, clock and other things J5LM6D-3hh8-00143-00059402-00059734 so how do we get started... of course.. J5LM6D-3hh8-00144-00059774-00060108 On the lower left corner you can see this icon this J5LM6D-3hh8-00145-00060152-00060538 is where you will get your menu from, so... J5LM6D-3hh8-00146-00060566-00060766 You click it a menu pops up J5LM6D-3hh8-00147-00060824-00060932 so... J5LM6D-3hh8-00148-00060974-00061340 let us see what are the things that are available over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00149-00061384-00061686 by default you get J5LM6D-3hh8-00150-00061728-00062164 your applications divided into certain parts J5LM6D-3hh8-00151-00062196-00062838 system has tools and applications with which you will be able to J5LM6D-3hh8-00152-00062904-00063352 manage and configure your system J5LM6D-3hh8-00153-00063470-00064054 settings are generally related to the appearance and J5LM6D-3hh8-00154-00064098-00064420 configuration of the desktop and other things J5LM6D-3hh8-00155-00064420-00064667 so like over here this is a J5LM6D-3hh8-00156-00064708-00065272 display setting this thing lets you manage the resolution of your display J5LM6D-3hh8-00157-00065272-00065920 and so on so if you connect a projector or another monitor to your display it J5LM6D-3hh8-00158-00065920-00066212 can be configured from this J5LM6D-3hh8-00159-00066266-00066466 Getting back to our menu J5LM6D-3hh8-00160-00066638-00066856 then office J5LM6D-3hh8-00161-00066856-00066970 we have J5LM6D-3hh8-00162-00066970-00067557 office suit which is called as LibreOffice and it has certain J5LM6D-3hh8-00163-00067558-00067836 applications which are already installed over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00164-00067880-00068240 ok so whatever you see is Libre Office J5LM6D-3hh8-00165-00068296-00068482 or Libre office some people call it J5LM6D-3hh8-00166-00068490-00068690 we have certain things J5LM6D-3hh8-00167-00068718-00069290 out of which you might be interested in the calc which is for spreadsheet purpose J5LM6D-3hh8-00168-00069360-00069816 you're impress for creating presentations and writer for creating J5LM6D-3hh8-00169-00069816-00070078 documents the regular ones J5LM6D-3hh8-00170-00070244-00070584 Then let's jump into multimedia I have installed a J5LM6D-3hh8-00171-00070584-00071364 few other things but you might see in multimedia at the pulseaudio and this J5LM6D-3hh8-00172-00071364-00071468 celluloid J5LM6D-3hh8-00173-00071528-00071954 a few other things you might get to see over here I have installed a J5LM6D-3hh8-00174-00071970-00072158 few utilities for my purpose J5LM6D-3hh8-00175-00072258-00072630 In Internet you have your web browser some chatting J5LM6D-3hh8-00176-00072666-00073191 tools mail if you want to use a mail client this is Thunderbird mail client J5LM6D-3hh8-00177-00073192-00073780 is already installed you have transmission over here or file-sharing purpose J5LM6D-3hh8-00178-00073822-00074230 in graphics there are some simple utilities over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00179-00074330-00074962 accessories you have some generally useful tools like J5LM6D-3hh8-00180-00075022-00075300 text editor you might be needing a text editor J5LM6D-3hh8-00181-00075346-00075706 There is USB formatting tool J5LM6D-3hh8-00182-00075706-00075930 The image writer tool is there and J5LM6D-3hh8-00183-00075962-00076248 also your file manager is there J5LM6D-3hh8-00184-00076248-00076616 so we will come to the file manager after some time J5LM6D-3hh8-00185-00076654-00077082 so you can just explore these utilities over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00186-00077154-00077410 then of course when you go to all you have J5LM6D-3hh8-00187-00077448-00077612 the list of all the applications J5LM6D-3hh8-00188-00077668-00077988 interesting location is the recently used J5LM6D-3hh8-00189-00077998-00078618 Anything that you use recently comes up in this particular location J5LM6D-3hh8-00190-00078764-00079730 And over here you have some settings for your desktop directly can jump into that J5LM6D-3hh8-00191-00079874-00080406 coming back this is your lock screen if you want to lock the immediately J5LM6D-3hh8-00192-00080446-00080916 and this is your logout button from where you can choose what you want to do J5LM6D-3hh8-00193-00080942-00081246 you can logout and restart and shut down J5LM6D-3hh8-00194-00081268-00081732 you can suspend your system or you can switch user if you have multiple users J5LM6D-3hh8-00195-00081732-00082146 I'll just cancel it for the time being J5LM6D-3hh8-00196-00082188-00082448 okay so let's get back to our menu J5LM6D-3hh8-00197-00082492-00083014 so here in the menu you have this search option over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00198-00083060-00083532 so what is the advantage of this is you really don't need to J5LM6D-3hh8-00199-00083564-00084116 Know the name of the application or if you really don't want to get into the trouble of searching J5LM6D-3hh8-00200-00084152-00084352 throughout this whole thing J5LM6D-3hh8-00201-00084392-00084888 you just type in something let's say you are looking for a text editor so I just type text..l J5LM6D-3hh8-00202-00084934-00085476 and things relating to text will show up so there. So there is a text editor which you can launch J5LM6D-3hh8-00203-00085508-00085722 you have LibreOffice writer it has some J5LM6D-3hh8-00204-00085723-00086227 description which has text in it so this way you can find out related J5LM6D-3hh8-00205-00086227-00086378 applications very easily. J5LM6D-3hh8-00206-00086424-00086896 let us say, If I say l-e-t-t-e-r so you can see J5LM6D-3hh8-00207-00086916-00087508 it was letter was mentioned in this so that description matches here so again I am J5LM6D-3hh8-00208-00087508-00088390 getting this application so this way you can look for an application or utility J5LM6D-3hh8-00209-00088390-00088858 very fast let us say I had shown you earlier there is a USB formatting tool J5LM6D-3hh8-00210-00088858-00089518 so if you say f-o-r-m-a-t format so here anything relating to formatting J5LM6D-3hh8-00211-00089518-00089910 comes up and our USB formatting tool comes up over here, J5LM6D-3hh8-00212-00089940-00090502 So you can immediately click over here and use the USB formatting tool from here J5LM6D-3hh8-00213-00090568-00091458 so this is one of the parts that is available in the menu which you can get from here any J5LM6D-3hh8-00214-00091458-00091752 of the applications very very fast J5LM6D-3hh8-00215-00091818-00092106 Another way to launch your applications J5LM6D-3hh8-00216-00092148-00092727 in a fast manner is by pressing alt f2 which gives you this application finder J5LM6D-3hh8-00217-00092784-00093212 but in this particular case you need to know the name of the application and J5LM6D-3hh8-00218-00093212-00093588 just typing some description doesn't work J5LM6D-3hh8-00219-00093634-00094296 so like the name of the application the editor is xed, in so if I type x-e-d it J5LM6D-3hh8-00220-00094296-00094952 comes up and I can select it from here and launch and my text editor comes up over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00221-00095208-00095956 so remember ALT+F2, gives you this dialog box from which you can J5LM6D-3hh8-00222-00095976-00096466 launch your applications in another quick manner but this will require you to remember the name of the J5LM6D-3hh8-00223-00096494-00096600 Application J5LM6D-3hh8-00224-00096786-00097232 So the next thing that we are going to see in this video J5LM6D-3hh8-00225-00097264-00097478 Is the file manager, J5LM6D-3hh8-00226-00097504-00098224 So this thing comes in built with a file manager. The icon is provided over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00227-00098272-00098630 you can see this over here or you can J5LM6D-3hh8-00228-00098630-00099324 again search by typing file so you can see a file manager comes up over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00229-00099402-00100356 fine..... or.... you can go the long way by going to.... accessories and the J5LM6D-3hh8-00230-00100590-00100834 Thunar file manager. Ok... J5LM6D-3hh8-00231-00100966-00101672 So here this is a file manager which we have and by default the J5LM6D-3hh8-00232-00101700-00102206 file manager opens your home directory as I said in my earlier video you will J5LM6D-3hh8-00233-00102206-00102540 be restricted to work into your home directory J5LM6D-3hh8-00234-00102580-00102780 so here it is showing the icon J5LM6D-3hh8-00235-00102798-00103456 of home but if you click over here you can see it says /home/dexter J5LM6D-3hh8-00236-00103456-00103977 because this is my login so all these things that you are seeing over here are J5LM6D-3hh8-00237-00103977-00104694 actually inside /home/dexter and we will be saving our contents over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00238-00104732-00105398 and you get a prebuilt structure of documents downloads musics pictures so J5LM6D-3hh8-00239-00105398-00105844 certain directories are already created for you and you can work on it J5LM6D-3hh8-00240-00105920-00106435 creating new directories is simple just right click over here and you can say create J5LM6D-3hh8-00241-00106436-00107100 folder for creating a directory ok other options zoom in zoom out normal J5LM6D-3hh8-00242-00107100-00107633 size this is how you want to look at these icons so those things you can J5LM6D-3hh8-00243-00107633-00108353 easily explore how to open any of these J5LM6D-3hh8-00244-00108458-00109121 directories this double click on it it opens up and you have this back button J5LM6D-3hh8-00245-00109121-00109504 to go back backwards J5LM6D-3hh8-00246-00109642-00110080 On the left-hand side you have this view where you can J5LM6D-3hh8-00247-00110096-00110654 see the devices these devices the file system is your whole file system so what J5LM6D-3hh8-00248-00110655-00111168 we had discussed earlier file system means root (/) so here it is showing you J5LM6D-3hh8-00249-00111168-00111785 structure from group this is your whole system if you want to explore you can J5LM6D-3hh8-00250-00111785-00112113 explore it from here you don't need to worry because you are J5LM6D-3hh8-00251-00112113-00112620 logged in as a generic user you will not be able to damage the system if any J5LM6D-3hh8-00252-00112620-00113088 other partitions are there they will show up if you click on that partition J5LM6D-3hh8-00253-00113088-00113580 it will show you the content of that partition this is my Ubuntu to partition J5LM6D-3hh8-00254-00113580-00114150 which I had in I have installed on this machines beforehand so this is that J5LM6D-3hh8-00255-00114150-00114798 particular partition now coming back to my home directory this is the area where J5LM6D-3hh8-00256-00114798-00115818 I can work so the basic operations which you want to do are quite simple you can J5LM6D-3hh8-00257-00115818-00116688 copy something by right-clicking it copy and you can just paste it somewhere so J5LM6D-3hh8-00258-00116688-00117201 we have copied the file over here again you can right-click you can see the J5LM6D-3hh8-00259-00117201-00117818 properties you can set it as a wallpaper create archive and lots of stuff is here J5LM6D-3hh8-00260-00117818-00118383 interestingly there are few options like send to you can send it to some specific J5LM6D-3hh8-00261-00118383-00118839 location if you have Bluetooth it could go to bluetooth you could create a link J5LM6D-3hh8-00262-00118839-00119805 on desktop and so on by default the image opens up with the default utility J5LM6D-3hh8-00263-00119805-00120083 that is there but if you are interested in opening it J5LM6D-3hh8-00264-00120083-00120564 something else you can say open with all you can select some other application so J5LM6D-3hh8-00265-00120935-00121833 copying files and other things are the same operations you can say you can J5LM6D-3hh8-00266-00121834-00122558 press ctrl and you can select multiple files you can do operations on this J5LM6D-3hh8-00267-00122558-00123370 multiple files directly like this you can drag and put this files somewhere J5LM6D-3hh8-00268-00123370-00124316 other location so copying moving and other things are easy so so this is a J5LM6D-3hh8-00269-00124316-00124943 file manager and it is named as Thunar. so this product is Thunar which we are J5LM6D-3hh8-00270-00124943-00125468 using so primarily if you have used any other operating system most of the file J5LM6D-3hh8-00271-00125468-00125950 managers look similar they will give you the similar facility and functionality J5LM6D-3hh8-00272-00125950-00126602 so over here this we are using a file manager if you are using some other J5LM6D-3hh8-00273-00126602-00127036 distribution of Linux you will be using some other file and so important aspect J5LM6D-3hh8-00274-00127036-00127332 is to look for a file manager J5LM6D-3hh8-00275-00127390-00127892 So what else? Now you might be thinking how to J5LM6D-3hh8-00276-00127896-00128504 use your USB Drive in drive so let's just connect the USB pendrive over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00277-00128504-00128696 and let's see what happens J5LM6D-3hh8-00278-00129270-00129602 So as you can see as soon as I have connected USB J5LM6D-3hh8-00279-00129640-00130142 pendrive it shows me the USB pendrive over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00280-00130194-00130820 fine now it has automatically also mounted the USB pendrive and it has J5LM6D-3hh8-00281-00130820-00131550 opened another you can see the file manager over here so in fact if my file J5LM6D-3hh8-00282-00131566-00132058 manager would not have been open I would have received this particular file J5LM6D-3hh8-00283-00132059-00132788 manager over here and this is your USB pendrive and this is the content over J5LM6D-3hh8-00284-00132788-00133424 here of the file of your USB Drive so let us say you wanted to copy something J5LM6D-3hh8-00285-00133424-00133880 into the USB pendrive you will just go to J5LM6D-3hh8-00286-00133880-00134838 your location from where you want to copy something you can right click copy J5LM6D-3hh8-00287-00134838-00135378 and just go back and you can paste it over here so nothing new nothing great J5LM6D-3hh8-00288-00135378-00135954 in this you can do this on your own the only important thing is once your J5LM6D-3hh8-00289-00135954-00136479 work is done make sure you eject the pendrive so you can see this Eject button J5LM6D-3hh8-00290-00136479-00137095 over here you can either right click and say eject or you can just click on this J5LM6D-3hh8-00291-00137095-00137560 button so your pendrive gets ejected now one thing you need to remember is J5LM6D-3hh8-00292-00137560-00138105 you might have noticed some message coming up over here if you have written J5LM6D-3hh8-00293-00138105-00138682 some big file or something sometimes it takes time for it so just wait till you J5LM6D-3hh8-00294-00138682-00139411 get a message of it is clear and that label is removed from this location then J5LM6D-3hh8-00295-00139411-00139807 only you should physically remove your pendrive otherwise the data may not be J5LM6D-3hh8-00296-00139807-00140004 written into it. J5LM6D-3hh8-00297-00140210-00140588 okay sometimes you want to do J5LM6D-3hh8-00298-00140610-00141208 multiple operations one of the other features that is available in your file manager J5LM6D-3hh8-00299-00141208-00141807 is that instead of opening multiple windows of file manager you can have a J5LM6D-3hh8-00300-00141807-00142300 new tab so you have these two tabs and you can switch between those two tabs J5LM6D-3hh8-00301-00142300-00143233 and if let me see in this first step I'll open the documents and in the J5LM6D-3hh8-00302-00143233-00143892 second tab this area is open so if I wanted to copy this I can copy it from J5LM6D-3hh8-00303-00143892-00144682 here and directly paste it here. So you can have tabs it works as good as multiple J5LM6D-3hh8-00304-00144682-00145261 file managers open for you. Another interesting facility that the file J5LM6D-3hh8-00305-00145261-00145821 manager provides is a search facility with which you can search for some files J5LM6D-3hh8-00306-00145821-00146628 so you just need to right-click from the location you want to start searching for J5LM6D-3hh8-00307-00146628-00147077 from so click and you can see search over here J5LM6D-3hh8-00308-00147077-00147551 and in the search box I just have to say the name of the file or something J5LM6D-3hh8-00309-00147551-00148466 relating to that my underscore I'll just try saying my next so you can see files J5LM6D-3hh8-00310-00148466-00148988 that were starting with mine and where they are located you can find it so it's J5LM6D-3hh8-00311-00148988-00149546 a very interesting you facility provided in this particular file manager to J5LM6D-3hh8-00312-00149592-00150142 search any files or directories which are there J5LM6D-3hh8-00313-00150372-00150886 so you can further explore the file manager J5LM6D-3hh8-00314-00150918-00151670 for different other aspects but the basic copy copy-pasting creating J5LM6D-3hh8-00315-00151670-00152219 folders or directories and doing the basic work can be very easily handled J5LM6D-3hh8-00316-00152219-00152725 with this particular file manager and J5LM6D-3hh8-00317-00152836-00153551 stop over here for this video we'll meet in the next video and we will see J5LM6D-3hh8-00318-00153551-00154282 further exploring of how to configure your desktop and other utilities that are there J5LM6D-3hh8-00319-00154384-00154854 Till that time explore and enjoy your new Linux system J6RQq8UM9gQ-00001-00005153-00007686 Jaw J6RQq8UM9gQ-00002-00007686-00009952 Harp J6RQq8UM9gQ-00003-00009952-00010590 is part of J6RQq8UM9gQ-00004-00010590-00012983 My favorites!!! J7vQT7q5CKU-00000-00000000-00000480 what am I going to be hydrate you ask what else do you have to do in quarantine but watch a J7vQT7q5CKU-00001-00000480-00001158 video why not dehydrate the fruit did I watch a video on how to cut frozen fruit no no I didn't J7vQT7q5CKU-00002-00001158-00001773 we're gonna wing it but because you my fingers are frozen mess up but that's okay that's what J7vQT7q5CKU-00003-00001773-00002247 it's all about messing up and learning from your mistakes hi everybody welcome back let's J7vQT7q5CKU-00004-00002247-00002847 dehydrate let's do hydrate something with my new nesco nesco hydrator i got it in the mail J7vQT7q5CKU-00005-00002847-00003384 did you see me open it if not why not why didn't you see me open it what else do you have to do J7vQT7q5CKU-00006-00003384-00004022 in quarantine but watch a video so I thought we could dehydrate that would be fun so let's do J7vQT7q5CKU-00007-00004022-00004587 this what am I gonna do you asked I thought it was gonna be marshmallows but I don't have any J7vQT7q5CKU-00008-00004587-00005532 of those but what I do I have frozen bag afraid that have been sitting in my freezer for more J7vQT7q5CKU-00009-00005532-00006177 than you want to know more than more just more just it's okay why not dehydrate the fruit I J7vQT7q5CKU-00010-00006177-00006927 think it would be good I don't see why what can be i like dehydrated bananas so why not dehydrate J7vQT7q5CKU-00011-00006927-00007680 a strawberry let's do this first things first I'll open the bag open the bag Oh evidently I've J7vQT7q5CKU-00012-00007680-00008580 already been into this bag and in here oh wow yes that's no good yep that smells awesome I thought J7vQT7q5CKU-00013-00008580-00009549 why not why not I'm gonna cut these up come off in like chunks cuz I think that's too big to go J7vQT7q5CKU-00014-00009549-00010158 in a dehydrator well I think well anyway I need I know I need to cut the strawberries now this J7vQT7q5CKU-00015-00010158-00010896 is my first time using this so you know what I'm probably gonna like mess up but that's okay that's J7vQT7q5CKU-00016-00010896-00011361 what it's all about messing up and learning from your mistakes so let's cut some fruit J7vQT7q5CKU-00017-00011445-00012633 I'm pretty sure there's watermelon in this I don't know but I've got a strainer in this bowl J7vQT7q5CKU-00018-00012633-00013401 to collect any liquid that liquid that might you know drip I don't know let me read this tropical J7vQT7q5CKU-00019-00013401-00014094 blend mango pineapple papaya and strawberries okay well there's no watermelon in that then is J7vQT7q5CKU-00020-00014094-00014910 there okay let's do this one this was strawberries peaches pineapples and more mango okay I just want J7vQT7q5CKU-00021-00014910-00016299 to eat one of these they smell so good there's sea there's ice on ice from the freezer I don't J7vQT7q5CKU-00022-00016299-00016833 really know how thick I'm probably doing these to listen I'm probably not cutting these right but J7vQT7q5CKU-00023-00016833-00017550 it's a learning experience learning experience for Michelle did i watch a video on how to cut frozen J7vQT7q5CKU-00024-00017550-00018540 fruit no no I didn't I thought let's just cut the frozen fruit we're gonna wing it we're gonna wing J7vQT7q5CKU-00025-00018540-00019566 it oh boy is that cold on my hand that's good see like this pineapple is probably too big just cut J7vQT7q5CKU-00026-00019566-00020568 that one in half yep I'm gonna leave the peaches well boy let me tell you my fingers are frozen on J7vQT7q5CKU-00027-00020568-00021501 this stuff and I'm not real sure what tray to use I don't think these will fall through and I might J7vQT7q5CKU-00028-00021501-00022362 rinse them off a little bit maybe I don't know I don't know again Oh see now that's probably a good J7vQT7q5CKU-00029-00022362-00023178 size that probably is not yeah well we're gonna wing it and you know what it's like three o'clock J7vQT7q5CKU-00030-00023178-00024078 in the afternoon so this might take a while to dehydrate oh my gosh my hand is freezing Oh mo J7vQT7q5CKU-00031-00024193-00024871 let's get this done well anyway it's three o'clock in the afternoon and it might take a while to J7vQT7q5CKU-00032-00024871-00025501 dehydrate maybe getting up in the middle of the night check in on this thing probably should do J7vQT7q5CKU-00033-00025501-00026698 this in the morning but you know I don't I don't do things like that nope golly these are cold so J7vQT7q5CKU-00034-00026698-00027289 we've got oh we've got all this fruit in this bowl and I'm gonna just kind of rinse it maybe J7vQT7q5CKU-00035-00027289-00028083 with warm water that tried to get it all the ice off and warm up a little bit so I'll be right back J7vQT7q5CKU-00036-00028083-00028648 after I rinse this off okay easy peasy we're back we're back we're learning this together J7vQT7q5CKU-00037-00028648-00029419 I've got what I've got here I've got this tray and because I'm a newbie and I don't know if J7vQT7q5CKU-00038-00029419-00029944 they're gonna fall through the holes after they dehydrate I've got the screen screen on top of J7vQT7q5CKU-00039-00029944-00030700 dehydrator trick and from what I understand right on there Michelle come on yep got it they have J7vQT7q5CKU-00040-00030700-00031438 to lay on this tray can you see me putting it on this right and they cannot touch you want to land J7vQT7q5CKU-00041-00031438-00032236 in like single file and I might not need another trip so we're gonna lay these on single file oh J7vQT7q5CKU-00042-00032236-00032737 great I'm gonna do a one tray dehydration that's a sorry-looking strawberry if I'd ever seen one J7vQT7q5CKU-00043-00032737-00033766 look at this that's sorry isn't it okay I probably could just plop these on and spread them out let's J7vQT7q5CKU-00044-00033766-00034498 do that then I won't be here for hours putting fruit on a tray but this is a newbie thing newby J7vQT7q5CKU-00045-00034498-00035149 newby page family homestead if you're watching I'm doing it I'm doing it it's a thing this is J7vQT7q5CKU-00046-00035149-00035632 a thing I didn't even know it was a thing but this is a thing I'm gonna put up the hashtag J7vQT7q5CKU-00047-00035632-00036712 why can I not remember that I'm gonna put it right here a hashtag way P let's died I don't know I'm J7vQT7q5CKU-00048-00036712-00037381 just gonna put the I'll put it I'll put it I'll put it and she is making a playlist I believe J7vQT7q5CKU-00049-00037381-00038101 out of people um videos yes this is gonna be fun we're gonna have fun together doing this because J7vQT7q5CKU-00050-00038101-00038917 we just are cuz Peggy said so in my description go down in my description and I'll put a link J7vQT7q5CKU-00051-00038917-00039433 to their channel and what she is doing cuz we're all in this together in this together J7vQT7q5CKU-00052-00039433-00040129 this dehydrating world because it's fun now I have a garden that's I'm starting I'm starting J7vQT7q5CKU-00053-00040129-00040843 a garden my husband is building me raised beds and they look awesome and I start them starting J7vQT7q5CKU-00054-00040843-00041761 a worm farm yes I said a worm why cuz I want to the vegetables that we get from this garden I'm J7vQT7q5CKU-00055-00041761-00042319 gonna dehydrate some of them because I have been watching Peggy it's she hydrates like everything J7vQT7q5CKU-00056-00042319-00042748 and then if you want to make soup all you have to do is put these dehydrated green beans in J7vQT7q5CKU-00057-00042748-00043309 a pot and they're big again and I hear they're pretty good so we're doing it I only have a few J7vQT7q5CKU-00058-00043309-00043963 left let's see if I can get them together no cuz they're gonna there's gonna be shrinkage there's J7vQT7q5CKU-00059-00043963-00044536 going to be shrinking I would make a reference to that but I won't do it probably shouldn't do that J7vQT7q5CKU-00060-00044536-00045310 look at this this point is a smell good if you're still here good good for you we're learning how J7vQT7q5CKU-00061-00045310-00045916 to do this together just moving them a little bit closer there we go alright I will be right J7vQT7q5CKU-00062-00045916-00046669 back let me did you hear my dog I'll be right back let me um I've got a few more to me see if I can J7vQT7q5CKU-00063-00046669-00047305 fit him on here I'll be right back alright I'm making an executive decision I'm going to just J7vQT7q5CKU-00064-00047305-00047932 use two trays instead of trying to squish them all on one tray Peggy would be so proud of me J7vQT7q5CKU-00065-00047932-00048586 right now I know she would be Deb's way there's a channel called Deb's way I'll leave a link to J7vQT7q5CKU-00066-00048586-00049180 her channel too she's getting a dehydrator too and we're gonna do this all together all together we J7vQT7q5CKU-00067-00049180-00049933 are all right there we go grab that one one okay let's get this trailer here why not Michelle there J7vQT7q5CKU-00068-00049933-00050544 we go I could do better do better okay so here I'm just gonna just put plot these on here and J7vQT7q5CKU-00069-00050544-00051219 spread them around that's a lot easier so we'll spread them all over my husband would love this J7vQT7q5CKU-00070-00051219-00051996 I know he would taking stuff out hunting Oh Oh something fell in the middle oh no what I lost J7vQT7q5CKU-00071-00051996-00052695 some fruit hold on I'm gonna have to just go fetch that because it's fell in the middle don't want J7vQT7q5CKU-00072-00052695-00053232 to leave it in the middle this looks okay to me this looks exciting all right I'm gonna go fetch J7vQT7q5CKU-00073-00053232-00053757 the fruit that fell in the middle let's see I'm gonna probably take all the trays off to fetch J7vQT7q5CKU-00074-00053757-00054954 the fruit one stinking piece of strawberry hit me line up up there's a few more a few more bit J7vQT7q5CKU-00075-00054954-00055971 veggies few more fruits in here we'll just lay them here look I've got two trays two trays of J7vQT7q5CKU-00076-00055971-00056745 fruit all right let me go wash my hand and I'll be right back cuz we got more to do I got the lid now J7vQT7q5CKU-00077-00056745-00057384 I'm gonna do this in the house rumor has it that it will smell whatever you're doing will smell J7vQT7q5CKU-00078-00057384-00058053 its fruit and it really smells good right now so I'm just gonna do it in the house if I was doing J7vQT7q5CKU-00079-00058053-00058722 like garlic or something gross not gross D gross smelly I would do it in my husband's but you know J7vQT7q5CKU-00080-00058722-00059325 get it joke joke and I've learned also don't pick this up by the lid because only the lid comes up J7vQT7q5CKU-00081-00059325-00060021 you cannot move this by just picking up the lid you have to actually pick up the whole thing so J7vQT7q5CKU-00082-00060021-00060525 I'm gonna do it okay let me pick you up I'll show you where I'm gonna set this thing for now I may J7vQT7q5CKU-00083-00060525-00061125 move it I don't I'm sorry you're wiggling I may move it not sure but I have a I have this cover J7vQT7q5CKU-00084-00061125-00061817 on my stove and I I don't plan on cooking tonight just a heads up do you husband I'm not okay it's J7vQT7q5CKU-00085-00061817-00062520 a night so we're gonna plug this thing in oh and it started already but we're gonna set it see it J7vQT7q5CKU-00086-00062520-00063502 says fruits right there can you see that fruits is at 135 so we're going to set it at 135 135 J7vQT7q5CKU-00087-00063825-00064671 and just let it run I'll check it in like maybe two hours we'll do a check if I'm home I ort J7vQT7q5CKU-00088-00064671-00065187 listen you know what I did I did something dumb I ordered something from Home Depot actually I J7vQT7q5CKU-00089-00065187-00065895 ordered security cameras my husband has been wanting security cameras and I my daughter got J7vQT7q5CKU-00090-00065895-00066456 some and text me told me what she got and how cheap they were but how good they were that we J7vQT7q5CKU-00091-00066456-00066972 can like use them on our phones and stuff I'll do a video on it but anyway where was I going J7vQT7q5CKU-00092-00066972-00067758 oh Home Depot I ordered him from Home Depot and I didn't hit the delivery I hit the pickup at store J7vQT7q5CKU-00093-00067758-00068274 so now we have to go to the store we have to go to Home Depot and they pick these things up but J7vQT7q5CKU-00094-00068274-00069066 we will check back in two hours maybe if I have or when I get home I better you know what it's J7vQT7q5CKU-00095-00069066-00069681 2:30 right now all right I need to remember that I guess all right we'll check back in now I do J7vQT7q5CKU-00096-00069681-00070275 have one question I'm back before I said I would be back I'm just right back now this is gonna J7vQT7q5CKU-00097-00070275-00070968 be a learning curve because this I don't know all right do you see these like holes there's one year J7vQT7q5CKU-00098-00070968-00071604 can you see it I don't know and then there's one on the other side two on the bottom just J7vQT7q5CKU-00099-00071604-00072030 liquid cook I hope like what doesn't come out of those I don't know maybe I should set this thing J7vQT7q5CKU-00100-00072030-00072768 on a cookie sheet or put napkins under I don't know but I'm hoping that liquid doesn't drip out J7vQT7q5CKU-00101-00072768-00073308 of them holes because maybe I should read the manual yeah I'll go read the manual all right J7vQT7q5CKU-00102-00073308-00073974 we'll check back in in a couple of hours all right I'm back it's five o'clock now and I think it was J7vQT7q5CKU-00103-00073974-00074958 231 I put these in let's check them I can tell you that this smells amazing so let's look at it just J7vQT7q5CKU-00104-00075009-00076107 Oh wonder if I should unplug it turn it off yeah yep turn it off and look at it they're shrinking J7vQT7q5CKU-00105-00076107-00077247 there it's working look at they're shrinking let's look at my try yep it's working I'm gonna have my J7vQT7q5CKU-00106-00077247-00078153 fruit I am and it smells absolutely amazing my house smells good it's awesome we'll check J7vQT7q5CKU-00107-00078153-00079419 in again after the store we'll check in again I'm back it's 7:30 at 19 7:30 yeah we put in a minute J7vQT7q5CKU-00108-00079419-00080094 to 30 now I did add some extra trays because I think I'm supposed to you I can't I think that I J7vQT7q5CKU-00109-00080094-00080808 need more trays to circulate their work I don't know I needed more than two I think comment be J7vQT7q5CKU-00110-00080808-00081399 loved you know because I don't know let's unplug this and we'll look let's look at this look at J7vQT7q5CKU-00111-00081399-00082380 that it's working that's the first tray let's see look wonder if I should rotate the tres fronteras J7vQT7q5CKU-00112-00082380-00083178 so that would mean this one would be on the top and look at me here I go alright well that one J7vQT7q5CKU-00113-00083178-00083805 there we'll just rotate it watch me to drop easily on the floor one-handed Oh for heaven J7vQT7q5CKU-00114-00083805-00084423 sakes I'll get it okay I really will so I'm gonna leave these in here a couple more hours I think J7vQT7q5CKU-00115-00084423-00085431 they're working so what do you think and I think that oh that's good I like this that is good it's J7vQT7q5CKU-00116-00085431-00085917 working and I like it wonder what I could do next we were just out I should have bought marshmallows J7vQT7q5CKU-00117-00085917-00086577 hi everybody we're back it's 9:30 at night and I'm gonna unplug this thing I'm in my pajamas J7vQT7q5CKU-00118-00086577-00087447 I'm ready for bed my husband's over there in his pajamas yes those are Santa by Jamis I'm J7vQT7q5CKU-00119-00087447-00088262 just looking at him like what are you wearing yep he's such a hottie isn't he he's I I think so all J7vQT7q5CKU-00120-00088262-00089627 right let's check this out looky there looky there it worked mmm oh yeah it works it's good I like J7vQT7q5CKU-00121-00089627-00090476 it my great kids are gonna like this I like this look at this so I'm gonna put these in the jar if J7vQT7q5CKU-00122-00090476-00091202 I don't eat them all oh these are really good I'm gonna put them in a jar I think I'm gonna put them J7vQT7q5CKU-00123-00091202-00091601 in the frigerator yeah I'm gonna put these in the frigerator because I think they would be good cold J7vQT7q5CKU-00124-00091601-00092375 hey husband would you like to try one you want to try a fruit sure you meanie miney mo why no these J7vQT7q5CKU-00125-00092375-00093026 are the strawberries because they're CD the big the mint that would be a good one mango I think J7vQT7q5CKU-00126-00093026-00094220 it's a mango well is it working mango mr. mango so would you take this out hunting with you mmm J7vQT7q5CKU-00127-00094220-00095255 yeah all right strawberry Oh No midnight snack at 9:30 enough close enough Krishna now we're gonna J7vQT7q5CKU-00128-00095255-00095786 try to say these we might eat them all I don't know we're gonna have to get some more fruit and J7vQT7q5CKU-00129-00095786-00096350 do this cuz I really like this I'm still gonna do those marshmallows though still gonna do the J7vQT7q5CKU-00130-00096350-00096863 marshmallows can't wait to get the garden growing because that's gonna be fun to do in here too well J7vQT7q5CKU-00131-00096863-00097646 I did add more trace cuz I think I should have I think I don't know I am going to bed I'm gonna put J7vQT7q5CKU-00132-00097646-00098168 this stuff away then I'm going to bed I hope you have a nice day and I will see you next time bye J7J-6rDQUFE-00000-00002849-00003049 susbcribe share plz J8KGeNdyxl4-00000-00000228-00000409 Jane was always a little scared of flying. J8KGeNdyxl4-00001-00000409-00000897 She had a flight scheduled tomorrow, but one that took place on an airplane ridiculed by J8KGeNdyxl4-00002-00000897-00001024 the media. J8KGeNdyxl4-00003-00001024-00001570 Concerned, she asked a genie, who was also a crystal ball psychic: will I die in a plane J8KGeNdyxl4-00004-00001570-00001727 crash tomorrow? J8KGeNdyxl4-00005-00001727-00001834 Yup. J8KGeNdyxl4-00006-00001834-00002443 So, Jane decided to cancel her flight, learning tomorrow that it actually crashed. J8KGeNdyxl4-00007-00002443-00002977 Later, final exams were coming up, and Jane was unsure if she could pass her physics class, J8KGeNdyxl4-00008-00002977-00003229 especially with her borderline grade. J8KGeNdyxl4-00009-00003229-00003647 She went back to her psychic and was relieved to know that she would pass. J8KGeNdyxl4-00010-00003647-00004120 She stopped studying completely, as she already had so much faith that this genie could J8KGeNdyxl4-00011-00004120-00004362 predict the future. J8KGeNdyxl4-00012-00004362-00004857 But to her dismay, she watched as he received a failing grade, one that could have been J8KGeNdyxl4-00013-00004857-00005087 avoided with just some simple reviewing. J8KGeNdyxl4-00014-00005087-00005276 So, what happened? J8KGeNdyxl4-00015-00005276-00005706 In both cases, it did not truly predict the future. J8KGeNdyxl4-00016-00005706-00006172 It predicted that she would die and also pass the class, both of which did not happen. J8KGeNdyxl4-00017-00006172-00006759 Instead, it was actually predicting what would happen without knowing the prediction. J8KGeNdyxl4-00018-00006759-00007197 So by predicting the future, you actively alter it, which can change the outcome of J8KGeNdyxl4-00019-00007197-00007356 your prediction. J8KGeNdyxl4-00020-00007356-00007793 With this, we can conclude that it is impossible to completely predict the future, right? J8KGeNdyxl4-00021-00007793-00008241 Let’s say that Jane asks the genie what will happen to her tomorrow, and it hands J8KGeNdyxl4-00022-00008241-00008408 back a summary. J8KGeNdyxl4-00023-00008408-00008919 Jane reads it and finds out that she will stub her toe at 11:26 AM. J8KGeNdyxl4-00024-00008919-00009220 Obviously she is now aware of this and avoids stubbing it. J8KGeNdyxl4-00025-00009220-00009617 But what if Jane had never even read it, and left it on her desk. J8KGeNdyxl4-00026-00009617-00010021 When she would come back to read it two days later, she would realize that everything had J8KGeNdyxl4-00027-00010021-00010215 played out just as expected. J8KGeNdyxl4-00028-00010215-00010411 She did stub his toe. J8KGeNdyxl4-00029-00010411-00010934 So, it is possible to predict the future, as long as the prediction is never read until J8KGeNdyxl4-00030-00010934-00011085 the event actually happens. J8KGeNdyxl4-00031-00011085-00011565 So, if it was Monday and you wanted to predict what would happen on Tuesday, you would have J8KGeNdyxl4-00032-00011565-00011830 to wait until Wednesday to actually read it. J8KGeNdyxl4-00033-00011830-00012140 But then, what's the point of predicting the future J8KGeNdyxl4-00034-00012140-00012430 if you can't even read it until it happens? J8KGeNdyxl4-00035-00012430-00013061 If the genie tells me that I will die tomorrow, I want to know, and ultimately, avoid my death, J8KGeNdyxl4-00036-00013061-00013262 even if it negates the prediction. J8KGeNdyxl4-00037-00013262-00013701 Fine, so accurately predicting the future is pointless. J8KGeNdyxl4-00038-00013701-00014043 But is it even possible to predict the future in the first place? J8KGeNdyxl4-00039-00014043-00014375 Doing so relies on some key assumptions. J8KGeNdyxl4-00040-00014375-00014812 It assumes that fate exists and free will does not: that if you know the state of every J8KGeNdyxl4-00041-00014812-00015428 particle at one current time, you can predict both the future and the past indefinitely. J8KGeNdyxl4-00042-00015428-00015813 While it may seem like every day you are faced with countless decisions, and the ability J8KGeNdyxl4-00043-00015813-00016359 to change your fate, these decisions are only made by neurons firing in a predictable way. J8KGeNdyxl4-00044-00016359-00016860 So, your thoughts and actions are already laid out ahead of you. J8KGeNdyxl4-00045-00016860-00017140 You just can't see them. J8KGeNdyxl4-00046-00017140-00017806 To demonstrate this idea, let’s visit Exhibit A. J8KGeNdyxl4-00047-00017806-00018247 One day, you wake up and are teleported to a place with two perfectly symmetrical rooms, J8KGeNdyxl4-00048-00018247-00018530 separated by a narrow pathway in the middle. J8KGeNdyxl4-00049-00018530-00018948 On the other side of the room, every particle of your body has been cloned to create an J8KGeNdyxl4-00050-00018948-00019119 exact copy of you. J8KGeNdyxl4-00051-00019119-00019593 Your goal is to walk to the other side of the room, where you will be freed and win J8KGeNdyxl4-00052-00019593-00019693 a million dollars. J8KGeNdyxl4-00053-00019693-00020316 It sounds easy at first until you realize that the path is only large enough for one J8KGeNdyxl4-00054-00020316-00020439 person to cross. J8KGeNdyxl4-00055-00020439-00020693 So, who should walk through first? J8KGeNdyxl4-00056-00020693-00021190 You both say “I will” at the same time, walking the same exact distance, but then J8KGeNdyxl4-00057-00021190-00021434 realize that it is no use. J8KGeNdyxl4-00058-00021434-00021831 You both share the exact same thoughts and decisions, so you might as well be trying J8KGeNdyxl4-00059-00021831-00021981 to walk through a mirror. J8KGeNdyxl4-00060-00021981-00022204 What if you try tossing a coin? J8KGeNdyxl4-00061-00022204-00022636 “I’ll be heads” “wait no you’re tails”. J8KGeNdyxl4-00062-00022636-00023368 You both can’t decide, so, what if you each toss a coin randomly at the middle. J8KGeNdyxl4-00063-00023368-00023732 The person who throws the coin closest to the wall will walk first. J8KGeNdyxl4-00064-00023732-00024173 You both throw the coins, but with the same exact velocities and timing. J8KGeNdyxl4-00065-00024173-00024772 They both land heads, at the same distance to the door. J8KGeNdyxl4-00066-00024772-00025131 It is impossible to walk across. J8KGeNdyxl4-00067-00025131-00025559 Neither of them holds luck or even free will; everything is predetermined. J8KGeNdyxl4-00068-00025559-00026002 If only there was a small dot on one side or if only a slight wind had blown the coin J8KGeNdyxl4-00069-00026002-00026280 to one side, then it might have worked. J8KGeNdyxl4-00070-00026280-00026664 The two clones would initially become best friends, sharing an incredible synergy. J8KGeNdyxl4-00071-00026664-00027430 In 15 years, you could easily tell the two apart, and each developed their unique personalities. J8KGeNdyxl4-00072-00027430-00027720 But instead, they are still here, J8KGeNdyxl4-00073-00027720-00028195 eternally trapped in a prison that is locked up by fate itself. J8KGeNdyxl4-00074-00028195-00028806 Of course, this is only a thought experiment, and free will is a very controversial topic. J8KGeNdyxl4-00075-00028806-00029222 Additionally, this situation also brings up the question of consciousness. J8KGeNdyxl4-00076-00029222-00029708 The clone should still be conscious, sharing the same memories and traits as the original J8KGeNdyxl4-00077-00029708-00030017 one, even if he didn’t even experience them himself. J8KGeNdyxl4-00078-00030017-00030382 He would be unable to know that he was actually just a clone. J8KGeNdyxl4-00079-00030382-00030631 So in that case, who even is the clone? J8KGeNdyxl4-00080-00030631-00030909 Can you actually create consciousness? J8KGeNdyxl4-00081-00030909-00031122 And let’s say that fate does exist. J8KGeNdyxl4-00082-00031122-00031631 This brings up the fate paradox: if only fate is responsible for my actions, then it’s J8KGeNdyxl4-00083-00031631-00031777 not my fault for what I do. J8KGeNdyxl4-00084-00031777-00032393 Therefore, I should stop trying in life; everything is already determined. J8KGeNdyxl4-00085-00032393-00032808 While the latter may be true, it is not to say that you should give up. J8KGeNdyxl4-00086-00032808-00033140 And yes, you should still be punished for your wrongdoings, J8KGeNdyxl4-00087-00033140-00033398 or else everyone would become criminals. J8KGeNdyxl4-00088-00033398-00034031 The point is, even if fate exists, you should still act like it doesn't, or else with that J8KGeNdyxl4-00089-00034031-00034620 logic, everyone would just stop trying and social norms would just stop functioning. J8KGeNdyxl4-00090-00034620-00034700 Ok. J8KGeNdyxl4-00091-00034700-00035100 Now let’s go back to the point I made earlier that if only there was a small dot on one J8KGeNdyxl4-00092-00035100-00035583 side of the room, the two clones would turn into drastically different people. J8KGeNdyxl4-00093-00035583-00036081 This is a phenomenon called chaos theory, or the butterfly effect, where one small action J8KGeNdyxl4-00094-00036081-00036286 can create a huge ripple effect later on. J8KGeNdyxl4-00095-00036286-00036518 Let’s take a look at some pendulums J8KGeNdyxl4-00096-00036740-00036890 A pendulum is easy to predict. J8KGeNdyxl4-00097-00036891-00037361 No matter where the pendulum starts, it always maintains a constant period. J8KGeNdyxl4-00098-00037361-00037831 But when you add another pendulum, it gets a lot more complex. J8KGeNdyxl4-00099-00037831-00038414 One miniscule shift in the starting position has a drastic impact on its final position. J8KGeNdyxl4-00100-00038414-00038786 Infinite precision is required in order to predict the outcome of a double pendulum, J8KGeNdyxl4-00101-00038786-00039049 which is nearly impossible. J8KGeNdyxl4-00102-00039049-00039744 This is a chaotic system, and it is how our world behaves, shifting towards disorder. J8KGeNdyxl4-00103-00039744-00040177 Chaos theory states that while the present can predict the future, the approximate present J8KGeNdyxl4-00104-00040177-00040399 does not determine the approximate future. J8KGeNdyxl4-00105-00040399-00040881 For example, predicting the wind with 100 percent accuracy would require the information J8KGeNdyxl4-00106-00040881-00041399 of every single particle not just on Earth, but the entire universe. J8KGeNdyxl4-00107-00041399-00041762 So until then, we can only create approximations. J8KGeNdyxl4-00108-00041762-00042255 This is why the stock market moves so erratically, why the Flap of a Butterfly's wings in Brazil J8KGeNdyxl4-00109-00042255-00042450 can Set Off a Tornado in Texas, J8KGeNdyxl4-00110-00042450-00042875 and also why all history and biology books can never be accurate. J8KGeNdyxl4-00111-00042875-00043487 After all, these books only rely on imperfect information, such as fossils or artifacts, J8KGeNdyxl4-00112-00043487-00043708 things that can give us a clue about the past. J8KGeNdyxl4-00113-00043708-00044236 But, not every event in the past leaves a visible mark on the future. J8KGeNdyxl4-00114-00044236-00044672 There are so many things that have happened or will happen, but that we will never get J8KGeNdyxl4-00115-00044672-00044825 to experience. J8KGeNdyxl4-00116-00044825-00045353 So, it is possible to predict the future, as long as your prediction doesn’t influence J8KGeNdyxl4-00117-00045353-00046000 the outcome and as long as you know the states of every single particle in the universe. J8KGeNdyxl4-00118-00046000-00046370 However, even this is impossible. J8KGeNdyxl4-00119-00046370-00046881 Just like how predicting the future can change the future, measuring the states of a particle J8KGeNdyxl4-00120-00046881-00047183 actually changes its state. J8KGeNdyxl4-00121-00047183-00047500 This is one core principle of quantum mechanics. J8KGeNdyxl4-00122-00048453-00048876 Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that you can never simultaneously know the J8KGeNdyxl4-00123-00048876-00049167 exact position and speed of a particle. J8KGeNdyxl4-00124-00049167-00049452 Measuring one property changes the other. J8KGeNdyxl4-00125-00049452-00049622 So, fine. J8KGeNdyxl4-00126-00049622-00050124 We will never predict the future because we can simply not know the exact states of every J8KGeNdyxl4-00127-00050124-00050293 particle in the universe. J8KGeNdyxl4-00128-00050293-00050632 But what about the universe itself? J8KGeNdyxl4-00129-00050632-00051096 Let's say the all-knowing universe, or “god”, as we can metaphorically call it, is somehow J8KGeNdyxl4-00130-00051096-00051520 able to know both the position and velocity of every particle. J8KGeNdyxl4-00131-00051520-00051695 Now can it predict the future? J8KGeNdyxl4-00132-00051695-00051969 Well, even then, no. J8KGeNdyxl4-00133-00051969-00052505 Previously, it was believed that everything in the universe is deterministic, that objects J8KGeNdyxl4-00134-00052505-00052801 behave in predictable patterns with set rules. J8KGeNdyxl4-00135-00052801-00053414 Of course, as demonstrated before, there is chaos in our universe, but chaos is not random, J8KGeNdyxl4-00136-00053414-00053545 just very hard to predict. J8KGeNdyxl4-00137-00053545-00054150 However, we now know that many things in our universe are made up of probabilities. J8KGeNdyxl4-00138-00054560-00054960 Let's fire a laser through two small slits in a cardboard box that are close enough for J8KGeNdyxl4-00139-00054960-00055260 the laser to shine through both. J8KGeNdyxl4-00140-00055260-00055658 While you might expect it to look something like this, it actually creates a pattern with J8KGeNdyxl4-00141-00055658-00055914 multiple bright spots. J8KGeNdyxl4-00142-00055914-00056201 This happens because light behaves as a wave in the air. J8KGeNdyxl4-00143-00056201-00056630 But once it hits an object or is observed, it collapses into a particle. J8KGeNdyxl4-00144-00056630-00056811 Waves can interact with other waves. J8KGeNdyxl4-00145-00056811-00057375 If two peaks of a wave meet up, they create a wave with twice the amplitude. J8KGeNdyxl4-00146-00057375-00058033 But when one peak meets with a troth, the waves cancel out, as shown in these dark spots. J8KGeNdyxl4-00147-00058033-00058460 That sounds reasonable until you try this experiment again with only one piece of light, J8KGeNdyxl4-00148-00058460-00058614 called a photon. J8KGeNdyxl4-00149-00058614-00059002 If you keep sending photons one at a time and recording the spot they hit, you can start J8KGeNdyxl4-00150-00059002-00059185 to see the same pattern as before. J8KGeNdyxl4-00151-00059185-00059726 So, what happened, and how did one particle interact with itself? J8KGeNdyxl4-00152-00059726-00060166 How did it go through both slits at the same time? J8KGeNdyxl4-00153-00060166-00060657 This is a concept called superposition, where a particle is at multiple places at once. J8KGeNdyxl4-00154-00060657-00061060 It can not be defined with classical concepts. J8KGeNdyxl4-00155-00061060-00061388 This is why quantum mechanics is so confusing. J8KGeNdyxl4-00156-00061388-00061847 And it gets even more confusing with the concept of randomness. J8KGeNdyxl4-00157-00061847-00062410 Even if we fire two photons with the exact same conditions, they can end up in two different spots. J8KGeNdyxl4-00158-00062410-00062779 When we fire this photon, we have no idea where it will land. J8KGeNdyxl4-00159-00062779-00063010 We only have a probability J8KGeNdyxl4-00160-00063010-00063529 It is more likely to end up at point A than B, but it is possible that it will actually J8KGeNdyxl4-00161-00063529-00063842 end up here, a thousand miles away. J8KGeNdyxl4-00162-00063842-00064470 From quantum mechanics, we learn that randomness is hard-coded into our universe, an extreme J8KGeNdyxl4-00163-00064470-00064807 contrast to our previous models of classical mechanics. J8KGeNdyxl4-00164-00064807-00065325 While classical mechanics still apply in our macroscopic world, the microscopic objects J8KGeNdyxl4-00165-00065325-00065825 of electrons, photons, and atoms are influenced by the quantum realm. J8KGeNdyxl4-00166-00065825-00066508 So, even with the position and speed of every particle in the universe, the future is still J8KGeNdyxl4-00167-00066508-00066665 random. J8KGeNdyxl4-00168-00066665-00067188 Einstein did not like this idea, writing that “God does not play dice”. J8KGeNdyxl4-00169-00067188-00067575 But to this day, this model of randomness is widely believed. J8KGeNdyxl4-00170-00067575-00068088 There are some theories that claim hidden variables drive these interactions, but there J8KGeNdyxl4-00171-00068088-00068716 is no evidence supporting them, so the fundamentals of our universe just seem random. J8KGeNdyxl4-00172-00068716-00069110 Finally, let’s revisit exhibit A. J8KGeNdyxl4-00173-00069262-00069686 Of course, the two clones could just pull out their handy quantum number generators J8KGeNdyxl4-00174-00069686-00070068 to settle the dispute, but what if they don’t have one? J8KGeNdyxl4-00175-00070068-00070596 The question is, are these tiny quantum interactions enough to break this stalemate? J8KGeNdyxl4-00176-00070596-00070764 Most likely. J8KGeNdyxl4-00177-00070764-00071322 As shown from chaos theory, one small difference can be magnified over time. J8KGeNdyxl4-00178-00071322-00071910 It has also been discovered that quantum mechanics plays a role in the brain, shaping neurotransmitters J8KGeNdyxl4-00179-00071910-00072104 and proteins. J8KGeNdyxl4-00180-00072104-00072482 But if that’s the case, then aren’t our lives random? J8KGeNdyxl4-00181-00072482-00072835 Is everything held to the account of completely random factors? J8KGeNdyxl4-00182-00072835-00073432 Well, we don’t know enough of consciousness or free will to answer that question. J8KGeNdyxl4-00183-00073432-00074034 And as it is such a unique phenomenon, it is possible that we will never know. J8KGeNdyxl4-00184-00074034-00074292 But until then, who cares? J8KGeNdyxl4-00185-00074292-00074705 The future lies in front of us, undetermined. J8KGeNdyxl4-00186-00074705-00075250 It's a scary place, full of uncertainty, but maybe that's good. J8KGeNdyxl4-00187-00075250-00075705 Throughout history, people have always tried to predict the future, but they have never J8KGeNdyxl4-00188-00075705-00075805 been successful. J8KGeNdyxl4-00189-00075805-00076296 Would you really want to live in a world where your future can already be predicted? J8KGeNdyxl4-00190-00076296-00076516 I would definitely not. J8KGeNdyxl4-00191-00076516-00076956 But then, how much of our lives are governed by sheer luck? J8KGeNdyxl4-00192-00076956-00077319 How much of it is really up to us? J8KGeNdyxl4-00193-00077319-00077840 I don’t know, but I guess I’ll leave that up to you. Jxzov1_AzjE-00000-00000000-00000725 Alright guys, so in this video, I'm gonna break down some of these different columns and you've got performance delivery engagement video engagement Jxzov1_AzjE-00001-00000725-00001220 So you've got all these kind of like pre-built filtered ones. You can also customize these columns Jxzov1_AzjE-00002-00001221-00001602 So what I'm talking about is columns. You've got the campaign name you got the results Jxzov1_AzjE-00003-00001602-00001684 So how many? Jxzov1_AzjE-00004-00001684-00002447 you know right here you're looking at how many leads were in this weight loss challenge thing right here how much it cost Pearlie how Jxzov1_AzjE-00005-00002448-00002559 Much was spent Jxzov1_AzjE-00006-00002559-00002996 The frequency the frequency is basically how often it's shown to your audience Jxzov1_AzjE-00007-00003001-00003491 And I actually like to shoot from 1.5 over a seven-day time span Jxzov1_AzjE-00008-00003496-00003927 So we come over here and we do this this hasn't ran for a while Jxzov1_AzjE-00009-00003927-00004220 So it's going to be hard but since its lifetime and this was over the course of months Jxzov1_AzjE-00010-00004305-00004865 If you know with a 1.6 is totally fine. So if we come up here and we do last 7 days Jxzov1_AzjE-00011-00004998-00005540 If we're looking at the frequency, which like I said, this is a demo account now, and I don't really run ads on here Jxzov1_AzjE-00012-00005553-00005849 But I shoot for this in the last 7 days to be out Jxzov1_AzjE-00013-00005919-00006431 1.5. Okay. So we got unique clicks. We've got all these different things that you can go through and see like delivery Jxzov1_AzjE-00014-00006431-00006801 It's gonna give you a little bit different information. Let's just go back to lifetime Jxzov1_AzjE-00015-00006901-00007457 So we actually have some data in here the reach like how many people wrought reached cost per thousand people reach? Jxzov1_AzjE-00016-00007458-00008066 So, you know, that's CPM. So it's cost per milla which milla and Latin means a thousand Jxzov1_AzjE-00017-00008125-00008552 So it's basically that's where that's where the the terminology came from by the way Jxzov1_AzjE-00018-00008596-00009116 So that's where it's saying like, okay how much it costs to reach thousand people which is twenty bucks Jxzov1_AzjE-00019-00009139-00009644 So you've got all these different breakdowns, you know cross per device performance and clicks Jxzov1_AzjE-00020-00009750-00010121 typically what I use is either the performance which is the default or Jxzov1_AzjE-00021-00010168-00010598 Sometimes I do performance and clicks or if I'm running a video ad I like to do the video Jxzov1_AzjE-00022-00010614-00011075 engagement cuz it shows you okay how much it costs per three second view ten second view and Jxzov1_AzjE-00023-00011100-00011708 So on or you got like the twenty five percent video watch 50 percent 75 these are video ad campaigns Jxzov1_AzjE-00024-00011709-00012332 So obviously that's why it's not showing up any data there. Okay. Now another thing you can do is customize the columns Jxzov1_AzjE-00025-00012409-00012668 now this one is really big and Jxzov1_AzjE-00026-00012727-00013331 This is something that you want to go through and do when you're setting up your own custom conversions custom audiences all that Jxzov1_AzjE-00027-00013378-00013851 so what we're gonna do is took forever to pop up but like let's jump over here and Jxzov1_AzjE-00028-00013909-00014577 Let's just go into custom conversions. Okay, so we want to initially set up some custom conversions Jxzov1_AzjE-00029-00014578-00014931 Like let's say we'll set up a custom conversion for leads generated Jxzov1_AzjE-00030-00014941-00015661 Okay or appointment set and then also a custom conversion for sales that actually go through Jxzov1_AzjE-00031-00015704-00016017 Ok. So once this pulls up here in a second Jxzov1_AzjE-00032-00016097-00016629 we'll go through and we'll make sure that those custom conversions are set and then I'll show you how to go through and customize the Jxzov1_AzjE-00033-00016629-00016983 calls because then it's really nice because what happens is Jxzov1_AzjE-00034-00017048-00017298 And let's go over here to the demo account Jxzov1_AzjE-00035-00017459-00017659 Just so we're not messing anything up Jxzov1_AzjE-00036-00017701-00018087 So what happens is you go through and you can see how much you spent per day Jxzov1_AzjE-00037-00018089-00018387 Okay, what your daily budget is how much you've spent in total? Jxzov1_AzjE-00038-00018406-00018930 How many leads were generated your cost per lead your cost per sale how many sales were made? And Jxzov1_AzjE-00039-00018944-00019401 You just get a whole bunch of data here. Okay, so if we come on here and Jxzov1_AzjE-00040-00019484-00020025 Let's create a custom conversion. So let's say that this is our our lead page that were generate leads from Jxzov1_AzjE-00041-00020038-00020364 Okay, so this is kind of like a little Facebook Ads mini course. I've got right here Jxzov1_AzjE-00042-00020365-00020913 So any one that hits this URL right here, that means they have become a lead in our system, right? Jxzov1_AzjE-00043-00020913-00021396 So this is very basic. Hey, I'm sending you that the email whatever so they've opted in already Jxzov1_AzjE-00044-00021397-00021838 So now I'm gonna go over here and create a custom conversion for anyone Jxzov1_AzjE-00045-00021904-00022443 That's coming through there. I'm gonna say they have now become a lead. So we'll just say Jxzov1_AzjE-00046-00022559-00022741 Facebook Ads Jxzov1_AzjE-00047-00022741-00023022 Mini-course and then we'll say lead Jxzov1_AzjE-00048-00023131-00023769 Okay, so now we can come down here and we'll say they are a lead and that you can give them a value once it Jxzov1_AzjE-00049-00023770-00024183 Comes to the purchase once we set that up here in a second. Well actually give that a value for this one Jxzov1_AzjE-00050-00024266-00024774 You know you maybe have an idea of what the the lead value is to you, but for me Jxzov1_AzjE-00051-00024775-00025297 I just kind of leave that blank for the leads because I haven't actually made money right out of the gate Jxzov1_AzjE-00052-00025379-00025866 So now we've got that Facebook as mini-course the lead for this custom conversion right here Jxzov1_AzjE-00053-00025873-00026445 Okay, so you can see no activity yet all good. If we just come here we refresh that page and Jxzov1_AzjE-00054-00026503-00027243 Then we come back over here and fresh this it should show that it is active. Okay, so you can see it's active right now Jxzov1_AzjE-00055-00027299-00027607 And make sure you guys keep your face with pixels on all these pages Jxzov1_AzjE-00056-00027607-00027807 We've already kind of covered that so that's why Jxzov1_AzjE-00057-00027824-00028324 We haven't gone in and put the pixel on so we don't need to get those details in this video Jxzov1_AzjE-00058-00028373-00028971 So we've got the Facebook as mini course that lead will be gonna be able to have in one of those columns over here Jxzov1_AzjE-00059-00029393-00030127 So we'll have like the the daily budget the lead costs or the the leads that are generated how many leads the lead cost amount Jxzov1_AzjE-00060-00030127-00030230 spent Jxzov1_AzjE-00061-00030230-00030627 Cost per sale how many sales how much money's made all that stuff in here? Jxzov1_AzjE-00062-00030632-00031267 okay, so if we come back over here now, this is our so we had our Facebook Ads mini course, this is our Jxzov1_AzjE-00063-00031331-00031669 Facebook Ads actual full-on course, so it's a thousand dollar value Jxzov1_AzjE-00064-00031669-00032077 So if we pull this up right here if somebody's clicked right here or if they've hit this URL Jxzov1_AzjE-00065-00032144-00032344 that means they have become a Jxzov1_AzjE-00066-00032402-00032513 buyer Jxzov1_AzjE-00067-00032513-00033168 Right. So now we're gonna come over here to custom conversions create a custom conversion and we'll say any one that hits this URL Jxzov1_AzjE-00068-00033169-00033369 Right there. We'll say Jxzov1_AzjE-00069-00033410-00033610 six-figure ads Jxzov1_AzjE-00070-00033668-00033830 Fire Jxzov1_AzjE-00071-00033830-00034222 so this point they are a purchase and this is a Jxzov1_AzjE-00072-00034280-00034690 997 dollar value. I don't know why it does this guys Jxzov1_AzjE-00073-00034690-00035284 It's pretty weird why you just put the 997 0-0 but it shows you like the dollar amount down here Jxzov1_AzjE-00074-00035285-00035733 It's kind of weird. But anyway, whatever so we hit create we go through we had done Jxzov1_AzjE-00075-00035795-00035929 Good stuff, okay Jxzov1_AzjE-00076-00035929-00036414 So now if you want to go through and get the eat this active and all that stuff you just refresh both pages Jxzov1_AzjE-00077-00036415-00036985 But you guys kind of get how that all works, right? So we're gonna come back here and let's refresh this page Jxzov1_AzjE-00078-00037046-00037294 Just because we just created two new custom conversions Jxzov1_AzjE-00079-00037294-00037764 So we want to make sure that Facebook is pulling those new custom conversions that we just created Jxzov1_AzjE-00080-00037796-00038317 Because as we're gonna go through and customize these columns, we'll want to make sure that it's doing that. So now Jxzov1_AzjE-00081-00038399-00038599 What we'll do is come over here to the columns Jxzov1_AzjE-00082-00038681-00038932 we'll go down to customize columns and Jxzov1_AzjE-00083-00038999-00039328 This will pull up a little modal here in a second Jxzov1_AzjE-00084-00039335-00039543 My computer's going a little bit slow right here Jxzov1_AzjE-00085-00039544-00040164 And then we can go through and we can detail out what we want the columns to be. Okay Jxzov1_AzjE-00086-00040165-00040519 So like the campaign name, I like that. I don't really care about Aires Jxzov1_AzjE-00087-00040583-00041116 Delivery no, no. No, so I just kind of like go through and these are all based off of more of Jxzov1_AzjE-00088-00041303-00041625 The video views so we can just start from scratch right here Jxzov1_AzjE-00089-00041687-00042097 Okay. So what I like to do is I kind of like to set it up where you got the campaign name Jxzov1_AzjE-00090-00042116-00042166 Okay Jxzov1_AzjE-00091-00042166-00042699 And then the number of Lisa were generated the cost per lead and then typically like the the number of sales Jxzov1_AzjE-00092-00042706-00042933 Costs per sale how much money I'm making from there? Jxzov1_AzjE-00093-00042934-00043372 And then how much what the daily budget is and how much was spent, okay Jxzov1_AzjE-00094-00043372-00044019 So now what we're gonna do is we're gonna go find all of those different things that we want to have included Jxzov1_AzjE-00095-00044019-00044162 Okay. So for example Jxzov1_AzjE-00096-00044162-00044664 Conversions these are these are like the custom comers. We just set up. So if we want to come down here and Jxzov1_AzjE-00097-00044744-00045088 Find those custom conversions that we have set up Jxzov1_AzjE-00098-00045362-00045951 Okay, so you can see right here this is the six-figure ads mini-course this is the lead right there right then Jxzov1_AzjE-00099-00045952-00046491 We've got the 60 rads buyer, which I'm just giving them out here and then we're in a little bit later Jxzov1_AzjE-00100-00046491-00046658 we're gonna go through and Jxzov1_AzjE-00101-00046658-00046975 Make sure that we've got them in the right order that we want them in Jxzov1_AzjE-00102-00046975-00047025 Okay Jxzov1_AzjE-00103-00047025-00047499 so you can see I've kind of gone through and I've like been finding all these you've got the so like down here in the Jxzov1_AzjE-00104-00047507-00047964 Conversions area this is where you're gonna find them all. Okay, so cost per action right here Jxzov1_AzjE-00105-00048003-00048387 You just go through and you kind of takes a second to get in the right Jxzov1_AzjE-00106-00048446-00048578 category Jxzov1_AzjE-00107-00048578-00048789 You see website custom conversions Jxzov1_AzjE-00108-00048812-00049194 So we've got the we've got the six of your ads Facebook Jxzov1_AzjE-00109-00049234-00049686 Facebook as many course the leads and we've got the cost per website conversion Jxzov1_AzjE-00110-00049687-00050206 So that will show this one up here will show the number of conversions. So like this five ten fifteen Jxzov1_AzjE-00111-00050206-00050575 However many this will show us how much it costs us to get that conversion Jxzov1_AzjE-00112-00050609-00050659 Okay Jxzov1_AzjE-00113-00050659-00051240 how much we had to spend before getting that so cost per six for your ads buyer cost per Facebook guys mini course lead and Jxzov1_AzjE-00114-00051257-00051552 Then another thing that I like to do is see Jxzov1_AzjE-00115-00051552-00051966 So I've got the the campaign name the Facebook guys mini course leads Jxzov1_AzjE-00116-00051966-00052440 So like how many leads were generated the costs of the lead? Okay our budget? Jxzov1_AzjE-00117-00052441-00052948 Okay, like how much like how are we spending like per day? Okay six for your ads buyers Jxzov1_AzjE-00118-00052948-00053248 How many buyers have we had the cost per sixth you guys buyer? Jxzov1_AzjE-00119-00053320-00053787 This is the six-year ads by our conversion value case. That means that like we put in that value Jxzov1_AzjE-00120-00053852-00054097 997 so if it shows right here Jxzov1_AzjE-00121-00054097-00054829 we've had five buyers and then 997 value that would be five times the 997 then we can see like our cost per Jxzov1_AzjE-00122-00054965-00055656 Purge sale right there. So let's say is the cost of this $300 right here and to get a 997 dollar sale Jxzov1_AzjE-00123-00055670-00056122 Then we're in the money and we're good and then right here. I also like to add a Jxzov1_AzjE-00124-00056191-00056391 Search here amount spent Jxzov1_AzjE-00125-00056474-00056689 Okay, so I can kind of get a whole thing right there Jxzov1_AzjE-00126-00056704-00057079 So if we just hit apply, it's gonna go through and apply that right there now Jxzov1_AzjE-00127-00057079-00057777 We just come over here and we say we can save this. Okay, so I like to save this and now I will say Jxzov1_AzjE-00128-00057938-00058058 Six-figure Jxzov1_AzjE-00129-00058058-00058202 ads Jxzov1_AzjE-00130-00058202-00058698 And then we'll just say like the 997 course and then we'll just hit save right there Jxzov1_AzjE-00131-00058772-00058963 And you can see we've got okay Jxzov1_AzjE-00132-00058963-00059135 So this one right here and this? Jxzov1_AzjE-00133-00059135-00059710 Obviously that's not showing any data because one we haven't ran the ads and two these campaigns are not set up for that Jxzov1_AzjE-00134-00059726-00060192 But you would see how many leads you generated. So how many leads from this? Jxzov1_AzjE-00135-00060292-00060487 Campaign right here, okay Jxzov1_AzjE-00136-00060487-00061222 so like we were running running our our Facebook Ads to this landing page right here how many leads we were actually getting and then Jxzov1_AzjE-00137-00061262-00062050 how much it cost per lead break that down our budget and then how many buyers so like if we come over here to Jxzov1_AzjE-00138-00062198-00062728 If we're after that after that lead page, oh click funnels. It's got an air or something like that right now Jxzov1_AzjE-00139-00062728-00063397 So so then once they go through and if that next sales page we're sending to how many people are buying from there Jxzov1_AzjE-00140-00063397-00063942 It'll listen number so it'd be like let's say we've got 100 leads right here, and we've got one or two buyers right there Jxzov1_AzjE-00141-00063959-00064522 It'll show the cost. So based on how much it costs to get the leads how much it cost. Like, let's say it's maybe Jxzov1_AzjE-00142-00064574-00064897 $300 and then if there's one right here, it'll show Jxzov1_AzjE-00143-00065003-00065607 997 right there because for every six figure ads buyer, it's a nine or $97 value to us Jxzov1_AzjE-00144-00065608-00066196 Okay, so five maybe five times 997 and so on and then we would see the amount spent so Jxzov1_AzjE-00145-00066251-00066531 at this point we can kind of see how Jxzov1_AzjE-00146-00066554-00067023 profitable and how bad all of our ads are over campaigns we can see how many leads are Jxzov1_AzjE-00147-00067034-00067380 We're getting the cost per lead which we dive in here Jxzov1_AzjE-00148-00067400-00067966 We can kind of see like which ad sets are performing better than others. Maybe some are performing extremely Jxzov1_AzjE-00149-00067966-00068493 Well, maybe some are not performing that well, and then we could even click in here and take a look at the ads Jxzov1_AzjE-00150-00068494-00069145 How each ad is performing on the Leafs side of things cost per lead as far as sales go Jxzov1_AzjE-00151-00069182-00069808 Because it's interesting. Sometimes you'll see ads that are getting great cost per lead, but the cost per sale Jxzov1_AzjE-00152-00069866-00070296 Actually is not that great because the ad is not setting that person up Jxzov1_AzjE-00153-00070319-00070603 To be the mindset of a buy right? Jxzov1_AzjE-00154-00070603-00071181 So so that's something you got to go through and kind of take a look at the go and use the customize columns in here Jxzov1_AzjE-00155-00071195-00071539 Go break break it down like this. I like this is the format Jxzov1_AzjE-00156-00071539-00071805 I like to use you might find your own format that you like Jxzov1_AzjE-00157-00071807-00072145 But I kind of like to just take a look at the leads cost per lead Jxzov1_AzjE-00158-00072185-00072612 How many sales have gone from it cost per sale? How much does it cost to get a thousand dollar sale? Jxzov1_AzjE-00159-00072665-00072928 Viscosity eight $900 you get a thousand dollar sale Jxzov1_AzjE-00160-00072953-00073389 yeah, you're still like breakeven slash making a little bit of money, but it's not that great and Jxzov1_AzjE-00161-00073442-00074127 then from that how much are you actually making and then I like to see total amounts spent so like if we're you know getting Jxzov1_AzjE-00162-00074150-00074791 Ten sales right here and that's getting nine thousand nine hundred ninety seven dollars from this right here then Jxzov1_AzjE-00163-00074831-00075184 How much did we spend to actually make that ten thousand dollars right there? Jxzov1_AzjE-00164-00075185-00075350 So anyway guys go away Jxzov1_AzjE-00165-00075350-00075691 Take a look at the the Facebook columns right here. Kind of take a look Jxzov1_AzjE-00166-00075691-00076023 You guys can check out my format that I've got right here set up your own format Jxzov1_AzjE-00167-00076024-00076462 But I like kind of looking at these core basic things. These are these are my kind of like KPI Jxzov1_AzjE-00168-00076508-00076966 So like the key performance indicators that I like to go through and look at and know all about Jxzov1_AzjE-00169-00076982-00077182 when I'm running my ads and so Jxzov1_AzjE-00170-00077228-00077667 Anyway guys if you guys do have questions on this go ahead post those in the Facebook group Jxzov1_AzjE-00171-00077668-00078043 And we're here to help you guys. So with that said I will see you in the next video JxHu1z3nk3k-00000-00000000-00000528 MR JOHN BOSCO: If you are a fisherman, make sure you listen to weather forecasts regularly. JxHu1z3nk3k-00001-00000528-00001064 This will help you know the weather patterns and make smarter decisions about safety on the lake. JxHu1z3nk3k-00002-00001064-00001680 If you think the weather in likely to be unfavourable, delay movement into the lake. JxHu1z3nk3k-00003-00001680-00002488 Avoid going out on the lake if possible. The waters become rougher during storms, increasing your chances of being struck by lightning. JxHu1z3nk3k-00004-00002488-00002712 PONSIANO: What if the storm finds me on the lake? JxHu1z3nk3k-00005-00002712-00003264 MR JOHN BOSCO: If you do go out on the lake or are on the lake: Always make sure you have a lifejacket on while on the boat. JxHu1z3nk3k-00006-00003264-00003847 In case you are knocked out of the boat by large waves or lightening it will prevent you from drowning. JxHu1z3nk3k-00007-00003847-00004664 Take a mobile phone with you for communication purposes and if you are in a fishing boat when a thunderstorm begins, move to the nearest mainland or island for safety. Jyc9w8SeMU4-00000-00000072-00000122 [Music] Jyc9w8SeMU4-00001-00000290-00000588 OMG hiiiiiii Tom! Jyc9w8SeMU4-00002-00000708-00000953 oh hey it's uh..... Jyc9w8SeMU4-00003-00000953-00001112 Bowser right? Jyc9w8SeMU4-00004-00001112-00001322 *giggle* Calzer! Jyc9w8SeMU4-00005-00001322-00001508 I didn't know you worked here Jyc9w8SeMU4-00006-00001590-00001688 yeah..... uh...... Jyc9w8SeMU4-00007-00001688-00001946 you know I've been here for about... Jyc9w8SeMU4-00008-00001946-00002105 two monthsnow. I dunno. Jyc9w8SeMU4-00009-00002192-00002375 That's great!!! Jyc9w8SeMU4-00010-00002477-00002667 It sucks, to be honest, but Jyc9w8SeMU4-00011-00002733-00002798 Dang... Jyc9w8SeMU4-00012-00002886-00002950 ...pay for mine too? Jyc9w8SeMU4-00013-00003062-00003162 How much is this milk anyw-? Jyc9w8SeMU4-00014-00003162-00003267 *CRASH* Jyc9w8SeMU4-00015-00003294-00003418 *Dramatic gasp* Jyc9w8SeMU4-00016-00003542-00003667 [Slow motion] NOOOOOOOOO.... Jyc9w8SeMU4-00017-00003810-00003914 [Music] J-TnzNb1jFY-00000-00000000-00000270 April Clyburne-Sherin: Reproducibility for Everyone is a community-led J-TnzNb1jFY-00001-00000270-00000630 education project where researchers teach researchers J-TnzNb1jFY-00002-00000633-00000933 important tools and tricks to advance reproducibility. J-TnzNb1jFY-00003-00000977-00001200 Dr. Nafisa Jadavji: R4E taught me about electronic lab J-TnzNb1jFY-00004-00001200-00001632 notebooks. I implemented using one when I started my own J-TnzNb1jFY-00005-00001632-00001805 research group a few years ago. J-TnzNb1jFY-00006-00001926-00002250 Dr. Nele Haelterman: R4E taught me the importance of depositing J-TnzNb1jFY-00007-00002250-00002544 my reagents in repositories which really would have saved me J-TnzNb1jFY-00008-00002544-00002811 a lot of heartache before losing my precious plasmids. J-TnzNb1jFY-00009-00002982-00003219 April Clyburne-Sherin: R4E taught me that through knowledge J-TnzNb1jFY-00010-00003219-00003546 sharing, we can really improve the rigor and reproducibility of J-TnzNb1jFY-00011-00003546-00003750 research. So help us spread the word! JA1aXC1pGT4-00000-00000040-00000832 if another problem occurs on the shorts, or youtube shorts page again, then i'm gonna hit my ipad a bit JA1aXC1pGT4-00001-00000832-00001384 harder, and it will be four, and i'll increase the limit to four hits instead of just three, JA1aXC1pGT4-00002-00001440-00002168 because it's becoming more and more intense. i have to do more and more to accommodate JA1aXC1pGT4-00003-00002168-00002968 for it. sometimes due to some circumstances, that may go above the perfect limit of three. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00000-00000000-00000591 I want to start by addressing the question that he asked which is actually about JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00001-00000727-00000927 chapter 1 and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00002-00000934-00001211 is about the fifth section of JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00003-00001279-00001453 chapter one. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00004-00001453-00001736 And could you just read that aloud? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00005-00001830-00002358 Horace that whole section you were asking about instead of just a fragment you were doing before? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00006-00003040-00003240 (student speak Your JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00007-00003921-00004235 But first of all, and most of all the standard JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00008-00004303-00004920 Whether it is about two things up to us or about the things not up to us and if it is JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00009-00005005-00005234 Something that is not up to us) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00010-00005580-00006005 Okay now restate the question you had about this. (student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00011-00007142-00007551 There is no difference, that's what an impression is, is an appearance. (student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00012-00008065-00008265 Well, he's JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00013-00008363-00008465 anthropomorphizing JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00014-00008465-00009231 the impression. He says when you have a troubling impression, like for example; I don't have enough money or JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00015-00009470-00009789 I didn't prepare well enough for this or something. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00016-00009878-00010098 When you have a total impression, then JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00017-00010217-00010530 take that impression and don't just JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00018-00010586-00011067 run with it. Certainly don't let it transform into an emotion or a pathway (student cough) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00019-00011159-00011667 ... state but look at him. Just say; but that's just an impression, that's just how things appear to me. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00020-00011722-00011909 It's not JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00021-00011909-00012690 anything more or less than just how something appears to me. And this already goes a long way towards JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00022-00012725-00013233 dissipating it's troublesomeness. But if you then follow through and apply JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00023-00013276-00014007 the test of this dichotomy of determining; well, is this up to me or is it not up to me? Okay, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00024-00014094-00014886 well suppose it's not up to me that I don't have enough money, or that I'm a particularly ugly person or whatever, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00025-00014926-00015645 then I'm not concerned with it at all - doesn't affect, it's not me. It's something external to me. Where JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00026-00015645-00016008 if it is up to me, like how am I going to react to this? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00027-00016036-00016377 Am I going to never go into public, you know because I JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00028-00016442-00017217 myself are so ugly or something? That's up to me. And that's what I should focus on. Don't just dwell on the JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00029-00017294-00017820 impression itself and certainly don't fail to realize what it is. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00030-00017828-00018319 Which is just a thought or a judgment in your mind that you're making. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00031-00018545-00018910 And when we put that in the context of that whole JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00032-00019001-00019404 extraordinary chapter, the introduction of this, and we get this JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00033-00019463-00020021 dichotomy between things that are up to us and that are not up to us. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00034-00020212-00020763 Some people have referred, I think erroneously I think, to the so called JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00035-00020833-00021305 trichotomy. And that's how William Irvine puts it in his book and perhaps others JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00036-00021415-00022101 also signs up for that and say; Epictetus is wrong, instead of a dichotomy, it ought to be a trichotomy. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00037-00022101-00022467 It's not just things that are up to us and things that are not up to us, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00038-00022467-00023048 there's also this third class of mixed things that are partly up to us and partly not up to us. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00039-00023059-00023547 But that's a confusion and it's wrong. We can reduce JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00040-00023620-00023985 the distinction to two things; what's up to us; JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00041-00023985-00024647 and what isn't up to us. And we will confuse ourselves if we think that it's being three things and this sort of JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00042-00024729-00025121 confused, mixed, third category of things that are partly up to us and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00043-00025153-00025691 partly not up to us. The way to do this reduction is to analyze every JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00044-00025801-00026459 event ,or everything, and then figure out what components in it are up to you and what aren't up to you. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00045-00026460-00026687 For example, if somebody JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00046-00026836-00027245 spits in my face and there's a risk that I'm going to become angry JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00047-00027295-00027764 about that, and then I'm gonna retaliate and do something stupid (like beat them up or something). JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00048-00027897-00028238 Then we can analyze. You might think that's a mixed thing. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00049-00028243-00028641 Some things are up to you and some things aren't up to you that you were spit on - JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00050-00028641-00029238 it's not up to you and blah blah. Epictetus wants us to to say; okay, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00051-00029238-00029747 there are some things up to us and some things not up to us in this, so it is not up to me to have JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00052-00029747-00030086 been spat at, it is not up to me to JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00053-00030177-00030503 blink when that happens, because that's an involuntary JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00054-00030568-00031332 reaction that I have, but and it is not up to me. Perhaps I may then formulate a JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00055-00031402-00031841 proposition like; this is a bad thing that this person has spited me JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00056-00031917-00032161 unjustly and I want revenge. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00057-00032205-00032345 It's up to me JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00058-00032345-00033055 now whether I assent to that or whether I don't assent to that. Thus it is up to me whether I JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00059-00033132-00033649 subscribe to a proposition that results in me becoming angry or not. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00060-00033696-00034022 So we shouldn't confuse this and say; well, that's one of those really JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00061-00034041-00034751 complicated cases where it's kind of up to you and kind of isn't. The whole point of this is to get clear because there's a JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00062-00034800-00035567 categorical distinction between things up to you and things not up to you. And if you leave this confused, then you won't be able to JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00063-00035631-00036011 to focus on the things that are up to you which are the only things that matter JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00064-00036087-00036287 to you. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00065-00036360-00036560 So, that's exactly JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00066-00036708-00036983 the kind of thing they're talking about when you have a JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00067-00037083-00037196 troubling impression. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00068-00037196-00037371 I have an impression that JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00069-00037371-00037571 somebody did this JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00070-00037584-00037895 outrageous thing and spat at me and that's really JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00071-00037914-00038258 horrible because it makes me look weak in front of my students or something like that. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00072-00038373-00038578 Well, that's just an impression. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00073-00038643-00039239 That's all it is. It's just something that appears so to me it doesn't appear so to other people. Most other people don't care. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00074-00039345-00039752 Okay, and then I can say; well, so what am I gonna do with that impression? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00075-00039782-00040198 Well, what I'm gonna do is analyze it, and say that's not actually a bad thing JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00076-00040320-00040540 because it's happened to a lot of good people - JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00077-00040698-00040915 you know, a pie thrown in their face. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00078-00041025-00041426 Okay, so if it's happened to Socrates - if Socrates had a pie thrown in his face - JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00079-00041502-00041702 then it must not be a bad thing. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00080-00041826-00042418 And so we need to apply that reasoning to every one of these troubling JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00081-00042561-00043307 impressions or appearances that we have and then we'll be in control of what happens to us and specifically whether JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00082-00043431-00043600 we do good or we do ill, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00083-00043600-00044110 or we suffer from emotions or not. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00084-00044294-00044995 Any other any thoughts about that or any other sections liked or didn't like? (student speak - JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00085-00045077-00045507 I was struck by almost how opposite JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00086-00045614-00046125 Things described as being up to us or not up to us are compared to a lot of you know JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00087-00046211-00046411 Ideas will be out there today JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00088-00046427-00046720 people today would say that maybe you have to JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00089-00046805-00047401 Control your desires and that you don't follow all the time, but you can't like get rid of them for that emotion JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00090-00047414-00047757 Definitely you can get rid of and still it's it. That's a good thing JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00091-00047801-00048145 Or version people would say that you can choose to not be afraid of something JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00092-00048203-00048792 But still just said that you should try to control got it and then things like possession and permutation power JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00093-00048841-00049332 you know your own body people see that as being kind of your responsibility as far as like JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00094-00049366-00049779 You know working hard to have well or to you know build up your reputation JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00095-00049865-00050166 Or to take care of your body by doing certain things. So it's a JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00096-00050222-00050716 It's like how people think nowadays) Yeah, and there's an enormous JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00097-00050771-00050872 confusion JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00098-00050872-00051072 about these things and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00099-00051128-00051199 It's funny JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00100-00051199-00051942 you say how they think about it nowadays is because it's also the way they thought about it those days and nothing's changed JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00101-00052105-00052308 because humans haven't changed very much. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00102-00052308-00052863 I mean, since the time Epictetus' writing, not at all. Actually, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00103-00052904-00053379 for fifty thousand years or so before that, nothing has changed or any different. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00104-00053441-00053782 That's one thing and then JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00105-00053921-00054255 the specific things that he says are JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00106-00054391-00054578 up to us JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00107-00054578-00055260 verses are not up to us and that doesn't matter and he doesn't even he want us to think of some JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00108-00055261-00055489 of these things as being us. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00109-00055516-00056215 So if I have a lame leg, I'm supposed to think; there's a lame leg there, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00110-00056215-00056541 I think I'm lame, I think there's some JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00111-00056599-00057080 aspect of this body thing that I happen to have that has that problem. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00112-00057080-00057726 But that's not my problem because it doesn't affect what I ascend to and what emotions or feelings JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00113-00057772-00057972 I have or JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00114-00058012-00058299 or don't have. All JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00115-00058351-00058770 of these things that people think you should be most concerned with and are constantly JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00116-00058798-00059237 encouraging you to be most concerned with, are basically the things you don't actually have any JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00117-00059316-00059651 control over. And even if you did, wouldn't be JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00118-00059716-00060062 good. And then the last things that people JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00119-00060115-00060315 encourage you to do, you know, for example; JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00120-00060337-00060615 Philosophy - last thing you want to do is waste your life doing. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00121-00060679-00061262 Philosophy actually gives you access to the to the things that you do have control over JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00122-00061327-00061838 and that are possible for you. So he's JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00123-00062067-00062699 sort of midpoint of ancient philosophy but reminding people of that JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00124-00062773-00063186 fact and as you say, things remain exactly as they were. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00125-00063544-00063779 Yes (student speak - chapter three; JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00126-00065086-00065286 should you kiss your child or wife JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00127-00065533-00065871 when she dies, all right, so I was wondering JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00128-00066250-00066423 In ethics in my opinion JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00129-00066423-00067202 I would say that it's like almost certainly impossible to like both value someone and then just not be completely not be disturbed at all JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00130-00067246-00067375 50 Hertz at time JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00131-00067375-00067973 so for example, I would agree that you know, you should be like permanently distraught necessarily meant to say like JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00132-00067974-00068223 Oh, you won't even be like disturbed. You want you to be moved) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00133-00068710-00068933 Right, and Daniel you mentioned this (student speak - JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00134-00070459-00070659 about the same thing. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00135-00070699-00071046 Seneca seems to bring up a point that me like contradict this. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00136-00071101-00071415 He says that if you're not disturbed at all JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00137-00071473-00072113 You're like he compares that it's like an animal like an animal has like this very strong desire to protect your style JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00138-00072114-00072323 This was the title type. They just stopped caring more JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00139-00072364-00072777 So so Seneca seems to say that if you don't have a little bit of beef directed like an animal) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00140-00073417-00074198 And this also relates to a part of Sam's comment that I didn't address. The very first JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00141-00074199-00074399 thing he said that now we might talk about; JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00142-00074470-00075045 controlling emotions, or limiting emotions, and having moderate emotions, but we don't really talk about getting rid of JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00143-00075133-00075840 emotion and stopping having emotions and then ideal. We don't talk about apathy as being an ideal anymore JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00144-00075949-00076149 and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00145-00076234-00076820 this. And what I hear everybody here saying is that; well, I can see you saying JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00146-00076891-00077159 moderate - you should be moderately disturbed. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00147-00077160-00077744 I mean if my favorite mug here has been stolen by somebody since I left it over there then, you know, I would be JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00148-00077850-00078578 slightly upset about that, but I shouldn't get to fly off the handle about it. If my JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00149-00078948-00079148 sister dies, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00150-00079149-00079475 I should feel kind of bad about that JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00151-00079579-00080090 not perhaps too bad, you know, we want to be philosophers here and not feel too bad about it. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00152-00080163-00080708 But I should feel at least a little bit bad. And so that's a paradigm called JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00153-00080773-00080967 moderation JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00154-00080967-00081156 that's basically JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00155-00081156-00081383 Aristotle's take on emotions. There's a right JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00156-00081450-00081600 amount of JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00157-00081600-00082187 grief to feel, and there's a right amount of anger to feel, and there's a right amount of desire for JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00158-00082287-00082487 wealth and or JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00159-00082704-00083171 glory and things like that. There's a right amount to feel and you shouldn't have too much of it. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00160-00083172-00083835 But you also shouldn't have too little of it. Either one is a problem. It's an extreme. It's an excess or a deficiency. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00161-00083835-00084590 Whereas you should hit a kind of mean state where you're exactly as angry as you should be. So if I see somebody JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00162-00084699-00084932 doing an injustice, I JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00163-00085026-00085577 ought to be angry with that and there's something wrong with me if I'm not angry with it. Does JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00164-00085644-00085844 Aristotle's argument (and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00165-00085866-00086279 everybody's nodding their heads and going along with this) and this is of course the common JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00166-00086352-00086552 sense view that we should JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00167-00086583-00087131 moderate emotions. That is perhaps a reasonable thing to do, a hard thing to do, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00168-00087131-00087428 but it's a reasonable thing to do. Whereas it doesn't seem reasonable JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00169-00087498-00087618 to JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00170-00087618-00087818 eliminate (coughing . . . ) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00171-00087888-00088097 completely extricate them. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00172-00088452-00088652 That's just a statement. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00173-00088672-00088886 That's just a claim that we can't JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00174-00088911-00089477 do it and the Stoics are making exactly the opposite they claim that we can do it. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00175-00089523-00089987 That is in our power to do so simply stating; JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00176-00089987-00090756 I don't think that a human could do that, is worthless against a statement that says, I think they can do it. Further JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00177-00090815-00091315 argumentation or consideration of what's going on needs to take place. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00178-00091376-00091645 He says; just as I can JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00179-00091769-00091919 realize that JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00180-00091919-00092503 upon this mug being destroyed or lost, okay, I lost a mug, they can they can be JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00181-00092585-00092893 replaced. It's not that valuable anyway. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00182-00093158-00093588 With respect to a human being I can say; well, I JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00183-00093605-00094041 didn't think that she was an angel, or that she was a God, or that she was JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00184-00094070-00094803 immortal, and would live forever, and that I would live forever. I knew it was a human being. Human beings die all the time. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00185-00094859-00095451 We're all dying all the time and they die every day and lots of them have died in the past and lots of them will JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00186-00095452-00095865 die in the future and that's what happens to human beings. And so that can actually be a bad thing JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00187-00095909-00096114 that's just a feature of reality. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00188-00096143-00096601 So there's really actually something wrong by people who can get upset with; JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00189-00096632-00097345 like people they get upset with taxes and think they want to set up their own country, with guns, within Texas JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00190-00097345-00097627 and so forth, so they don't have to pay taxes. It doesn't work that way. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00191-00097667-00098107 Everybody pays taxes, just like everybody dies, get over it. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00192-00098125-00098566 It's gonna happen. To become upset about it is actually the bizarre JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00193-00098681-00099238 position and it is possible to not be upset and we have moral exemplar of people who aren't JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00194-00099314-00099514 upset about it. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00195-00099542-00099808 Being upset about it is itself a state JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00196-00099836-00100495 that is based on a judgment of value. Judgment about the things that are false, according to our JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00197-00100574-00100882 analysis, so you'd have to actually show JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00198-00100949-00101123 that it's a bad thing JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00199-00101123-00101323 that people die, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00200-00101357-00101578 in order to convince me that JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00201-00101636-00102147 it would be true to think that it's bad that it's happened in that case. And thus that the JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00202-00102188-00102652 attendant emotional state that follows from making that kind of judgment is an appropriate JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00203-00102733-00102933 one to have. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00204-00103025-00103473 It's no argument against the position to say; I just don't think people can do that, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00205-00103474-00103683 I get really upset when I hear people who've done (chair noise). JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00206-00103759-00103969 Totally worthless again an argument that says; JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00207-00104054-00104559 the reason you're getting upset is because you don't understand the value of things, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00208-00104559-00105079 you're not taking into consideration the nature of reality, or what things are really like. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00209-00105149-00105550 You could just remain in that state and say; I just don't think it can get JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00210-00105593-00106140 any better and I just have to let grief pass once I stop thinking about it, right? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00211-00106148-00106468 I mean, how long is JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00212-00106523-00106636 grief JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00213-00106636-00107172 supposed to last Seneca exactly? How long does it make sense to? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00214-00107288-00107488 be upset about it? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00215-00107663-00107970 It's not actually something bad and if JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00216-00108074-00108861 becoming upset and distressed about it is a result of thinking that it is something bad then no amount of that is JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00217-00108932-00109108 justified. Any JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00218-00109108-00109291 reduction in it would be good JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00219-00109291-00110020 and any amount of it being experienced is the unseemly thing that we should reject and condemn and say that thats JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00220-00110096-00110398 inhuman. People are just acting like animals that JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00221-00110465-00110893 don't have control over what they're thinking about and what emotional state JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00222-00110924-00111679 they have. If they just go along with how they feel that's what animals do, that's not what humans do, humans reason about JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00223-00111722-00111922 how they react. Next (student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00224-00115509-00115653 Yes, that's crucial JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00225-00115653-00115716 so by the way, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00226-00115716-00116276 the best time to teach somebody this stoic theory of emotion and how they shouldn't be feeling any JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00227-00116314-00116561 grief is not right when their JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00228-00116616-00116822 sister or their wife has died. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00229-00116823-00117276 You don't then say; hey, let me tell you what Epictetus would say about this. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00230-00117319-00117663 Okay, that's not appropriate. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00231-00117721-00117921 It's too late, right? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00232-00118039-00118433 That's when you should give the person encouraging news and; yes, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00233-00118433-00118938 well, let's get through this and maybe I'll come have some tea on Tuesday, and I've got a book JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00234-00118938-00119138 I want to loan you. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00235-00119166-00119369 Okay, so it's not JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00236-00119466-00120131 this cold heartless thing that anytime you see somebody crying at a funeral or anytime somebody's acting JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00237-00120159-00120729 frustrated or something that you sit down and call up Monte Johnson and have him lecture you about JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00238-00120834-00121116 Stoicism. The point is that you figured this out before. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00239-00121204-00121715 You figure it out as early as possible when you start living, and getting used to that way of thinking JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00240-00121750-00122285 things so that inevitably these will happen. Lots of people are going to die, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00241-00122355-00122555 unless you die JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00242-00122563-00122948 beforehand. But whatever the eventualities, you're going to want to take into consideration JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00243-00123094-00123447 these thoughts and start inculcating them as soon as JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00244-00123532-00124020 possible. But not everybody can do that. Not everybody's been exposed to that. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00245-00124120-00124365 People need more time and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00246-00124525-00124967 we should feel bad for them. We shouldn't feel pity for them, but we should feel about it, we should help them. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00247-00125089-00125459 It's perfectly okay that you put your arm around somebody JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00248-00125524-00125677 who's JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00249-00125677-00125853 suffering from JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00250-00125853-00126134 emotional state. But if you really want to help them then JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00251-00126201-00126812 start to get at what they're thinking about. What's really bothering them is what they're thinking about it, and what values they JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00252-00126849-00127049 have and so If you really care about them. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00253-00127104-00127538 Right? Again, if you don't really care about them, then just say; oh, don't worry, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00254-00127538-00128252 you'll find somebody else or you'll get better soon, and I'm sure about it. If you don't really care how they feel about it, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00255-00128252-00128433 you're just trying to get out of an awkward situation. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00256-00128433-00129170 But if you really care how they feel about it, then figure out what is causing the pain and on this theory, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00257-00129183-00129887 it's thoughts that are causing the pain and specifically thoughts that have false value judgments JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00258-00130273-00130425 (student speak - 3 then JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00259-00130425-00131117 16 says Davis uses a label with someone swim swim for the first if the time is right go to one person JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00260-00131146-00131523 But it is not the right time sure you discussed this custom I can kind of display JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00261-00131523-00131927 You store it in Scotland. If we're to remain just pretty to other people's JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00262-00132027-00132227 actions) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00263-00132823-00133208 Chapter 33 which is one of the longest chapters and here at the very end JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00264-00133810-00134255 (student speak - and it's become too dangerous to use the language. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00265-00134826-00135143 I'm sure you discuss it disgusting but having players) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00266-00137046-00137431 He's talking about somebody swearing or JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00267-00137709-00137847 seen JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00268-00137847-00138009 in JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00269-00138009-00138449 speaking and giving a lecture or giving giving a comedy routine or something like that. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00270-00138450-00138988 He's not talking about somebody's swearing because they just hit their thumb with a hammer or something like that. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00271-00139410-00139610 (student speak - discomfort about it) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00272-00139890-00140090 Disgust is JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00273-00140103-00140303 sort of like blinking. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00274-00140325-00140698 It's not something I have control over. Somebody does something JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00275-00140862-00141214 and you feel disgust now JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00276-00141321-00141899 and it sort of like embarrassment i.e., the part of embarrassment where JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00277-00142005-00142363 your face turns red. You don't have any control over that JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00278-00142428-00143132 part. But you have control over whether for example, you stand up and denounce the person JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00279-00143229-00143957 immediately that you feel disgusted at or that or whether you just sit there silently under control and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00280-00144144-00144872 sort of scoff. I think maybe scoffing is how, but the scowling happens a lot too in these JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00281-00145053-00145760 situations. I think we have to interpret that as being one of these one of these preliminary stages JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00282-00145760-00146305 that's not under our control. There was a kind of reaction JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00283-00146436-00146881 like if I eat bad food and I react to it, that's not in my control and say; oh, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00284-00146882-00147514 come on, be stronger about that. In that part, I can't deal with. If I say; oh, I dont like food unless its JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00285-00147846-00148244 certain food served with really nice silverware then JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00286-00148321-00148601 you got a problem and that person needs to be JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00287-00148677-00149006 corrected. But if they're having a reaction in involuntary, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00288-00149076-00149327 physiological reaction and disgust is - JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00289-00149608-00149978 he's sort of presenting that like one of those. I don't know what his problem with JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00290-00150046-00150747 profane language is. I love profane language, so I disagree with him. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00291-00151137-00151790 And I think people that that denounce it and say there are certain words we can't use and that sort of thing is ridiculous. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00292-00151794-00152307 I actually don't have a huge stake in defending that claim, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00293-00152307-00152702 but I think that what he's doing is really trying to point out that you can get really upset it with somebody JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00294-00152754-00153287 while you're sitting there listening to something they're saying that you might disagree with, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00295-00153361-00153612 but you can control how you are you. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00296-00154041-00154523 For example, you could bring a gun to canvas and threaten people (this happened last week). JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00297-00154645-00155240 That's not - that kind of reaction shouldn't happen. That's a bad thing. That's a bad way JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00298-00155316-00155783 to deal with them. You should sit silently, display your discomfort ,and scowl JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00299-00155889-00156089 instead. (student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00300-00157977-00158480 Yes, it does seem that all this section is about dealing with non philosophers? (student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00301-00159455-00159868 By the way, I do agree with what he says in Section 11 of this. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00302-00160013-00160461 Don't go to people's lectures carelessly or casually but when you do, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00303-00160487-00160878 garner decency and stay calm and at the same time don't be irritated. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00304-00161447-00161647 So I JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00305-00161711-00162451 think the situation there is annoyance felt at essentially academic talks, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00306-00162533-00162958 and you should keep your cool and let the person speak. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00307-00162958-00163326 I think this reprehensible behavior; JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00308-00163358-00163846 preventing people from speaking. Preventing Nazis and so forth from speaking and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00309-00163919-00164451 punching them and depriving them of the ability to make their case is a really stupid thing to do. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00310-00164564-00165303 They should be allowed to speak so that we can hear what they're saying and then counteract the claims arguments they're JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00311-00165380-00165580 making. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00312-00165632-00166336 So that's the kind of thing he's talking about is really how to handle yourself when JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00313-00166424-00167026 you're in this kind of context. By the way, this is still something under a lot of dispute. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00314-00167026-00167251 In the philosophy department JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00315-00167267-00167794 we have various hand signals and so forth we use about how you can intrude into a JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00316-00167825-00168546 discussion or interrupt an argument or ask for clarification and things like that, because it can get very touchy. By the way, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00317-00168634-00168981 There's a philosophy colloquium this Friday on JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00318-00169031-00169629 Plato's theory of the soul from 4:00 to 6:00 p.m. In the seminar room of the philosophy department, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00319-00169703-00170272 seventh floor and you're all invited if anybody wants to come by here, at the talk from four to five and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00320-00170318-00170638 or save for the discussion from five to six. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00321-00171216-00171472 And actually missed you from way back? (student speak - JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00322-00171858-00172352 Okay, I was just uh when we were talking about death JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00323-00172500-00172732 Is it possible for a Stoic to JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00324-00172785-00173339 not a sent to the belief that death is bad yet still grieve for the loss of JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00325-00173478-00174010 that friendship? Didn't we talk about someone who considered like friendship and being JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00326-00174573-00175241 So is that, would a stoic be in line with their beliefs if they did that, because I think it's possible to grieve someone without JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00327-00175263-00175463 actually believing their death is bad) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00328-00175923-00176189 What do you mean by grief? (student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00329-00176772-00177133 A bad, painful feeling? Yes, and so you should have JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00330-00177189-00177345 that bad, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00331-00177345-00177587 painful feeling in response to this JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00332-00177666-00178075 event, this person dying? That could be appropriate in your view? (student speak - Yes) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00333-00178350-00179078 So the first thing they say is: "No, you shouldn't, you should have a tranquil life where you don't feel bad., (Student speak right.) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00334-00179166-00179337 Imagine the JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00335-00179337-00179872 implications of what you're saying. Then the people that were most aware and most keyed into JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00336-00179919-00180211 the suffering that people experience, the people that are really working JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00337-00180212-00180887 with people that are suffering and dying and things like that, then they should experience massive JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00338-00180933-00181346 grief and turmoil constantly, right? I mean, how would it be bearable JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00339-00181401-00181873 to be a nurse or something in that situation if they should feel grief at JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00340-00181965-00182121 seeing JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00341-00182121-00182321 at seeing death JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00342-00182334-00182534 constantly and inevitably JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00343-00182568-00182768 happening. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00344-00182814-00183445 You know that would be to take the best people and say that they should feel the worst of all and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00345-00183465-00184009 then bad people who don't even don't think of this stuff and don't care about this stuff, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00346-00184071-00184339 then they have the most enjoyable lives JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00347-00184451-00184651 because they don't give any consideration. (student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00348-00185163-00185614 I am making the assumption that if it's true that we should feel- JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00349-00185688-00186058 that there's some amount of grief that one should feel, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00350-00186150-00186673 ok that it's appropriate to feel a certain amount of grief. Then those people who are more keyed into JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00351-00186795-00187496 situations where people are suffering and dying will consequently have a much higher level of grief JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00352-00187496-00187847 that's appropriate for them to feel, it will actually be the JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00353-00188034-00188101 unbearable for them. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00354-00188101-00188743 So you might be giving yourself permission to feel a little bit of grief because this friend of yours happened to die. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00355-00188747-00189086 Well, how much grief is appropriate for somebody? Who knows? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00356-00189162-00189559 Working in hospice where people are dying every day that they're working. (student speak - JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00357-00189704-00190240 grieving the loss for relationship. If your nurse many men just feel grief over lots of patients JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00358-00190240-00190924 But these are not people that they're necessarily close to and so the relationship that grieving grieving is necessarily smaller) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00359-00191232-00191636 They're forming relationships with all these people before they die and so forth. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00360-00191636-00192307 They're becoming friends with these people before they die and should the mother that has ten children feel ten times JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00361-00192338-00192541 as much grief as each of her children JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00362-00192657-00193042 dies than just one mother that has one child? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00363-00193067-00193573 Now we're leaving in the hands of fortune how much grief and and misery we feel. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00364-00193635-00194099 We're letting things that aren't up to us - like how many close friends we have. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00365-00194105-00194276 You only have one close friend, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00366-00194276-00194650 so you don't feel that much grief except when she dies - JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00367-00194651-00195211 you may actually die before her. But I have a hundred close friends and a lot of them were suffering from different JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00368-00195249-00195718 terminal illnesses and so forth and they tell me about it and I learn about it, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00369-00195719-00196063 so I should be suffering like fifty or a hundred times as much JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00370-00196127-00196327 grief as you. Right? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00371-00196364-00196810 Actually, let's not leave it up to JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00372-00196869-00197244 external chance how much and how upset JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00373-00197296-00197467 we feel. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00374-00197467-00198168 Right, since its in our control to feel it or not as it's not an appropriate thing. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00375-00198168-00198474 Yes, we kind of memorialize our friends. Yes, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00376-00198474-00198746 we can wish that - can JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00377-00198790-00199373 think it would be nice if our friend was here having a cup of coffee with us or discussing philosophy with us, whatever, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00378-00199393-00199593 but don't think it's bad. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00379-00199609-00200282 Just don't think that it's a bad thing. (student speak - That thing's great. That was my point. Is it appropriate to feel that JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00380-00200283-00200479 feeling? Oh, I kind of wish they were here) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00381-00200479-00200895 Yes, that is that seems like a, eupathia to me. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00382-00201010-00201666 Like well, wouldn't this be a great situation for you know, John Rist to be able to be here and participate with us? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00383-00201666-00202022 It's like somebody who's not here that's alive isn't that an JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00384-00202090-00202493 unfortunate that they aren't. And we should have that kind of feeling about it. Right? (student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00385-00202645-00203214 It would be so awesome if Brad Inwood, if William Stevens was here right now and we could be talking to him about it, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00386-00203215-00203978 but let's not lament that Old Father is dead and can't be here and so forth and then all these other translators of JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00387-00204001-00204467 Epictetus say they came before him because then we're leaving how much grief and how upset we are JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00388-00204517-00204753 into the hands of things totally outside of our JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00389-00204808-00205008 control.(student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00390-00208367-00208912 I don't see that either in what you said here or in anything else to be read, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00391-00208912-00209521 although I think the point can theoretically be made but Stoics would say; no, no school values friendship more than we do. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00392-00210090-00210431 (student speak ) Not saying what this says; is t JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00393-00210588-00211091 if you appear to anybody to be something important mistrust yourself. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00394-00211244-00211607 Okay, so that is not the same as saying don't make friends with people. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00395-00211736-00212161 Okay, that's if somebody says; oh, wow. you're a professor, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00396-00212238-00212411 at a university, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00397-00212411-00212674 that's really important. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00398-00212988-00213056 Something's wrong, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00399-00213056-00213778 as I give more talks the introduction to these grow longer and more profuse with praise about my JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00400-00213807-00214232 publications and so forth. The appropriate reaction to that is, okay, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00401-00214232-00214555 this is becoming increasingly detached from reality as well. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00402-00214602-00215378 Okay, that is the appropriate response to have that's not to think; wow, maybe I mean, I really am great. Maybe I'm really a JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00403-00215478-00215729 philosopher. Look up to me and want to know about this stuff. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00404-00215844-00216407 Instead you should doubt yourself in that situation. That passage doesn't actually talk about friendship. Okay Hunter JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00405-00216407-00216676 (student speak - okay, so in chapter 7 he talks about JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00406-00216773-00217060 Like this captain that used to follow I guess I can JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00407-00217305-00217464 Like a family or JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00408-00217464-00217562 Something like that JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00409-00217562-00217632 Yes JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00410-00217632-00218371 and I'm just wondering like what he is comparing the captain with because I was thinking maybe like death or reason like JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00411-00218403-00218729 So it doesn't work because it says like should he call the mrs JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00412-00218729-00219235 Carter all food, so they were not tied and throwing back on board like the Sheik. So like I could be like, I don't know) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00413-00219573-00219875 My interpretation of this is that (student speak) JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00414-00220067-00220682 It is the captain of the ship is god, and the ship leaving is death. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00415-00221271-00221798 Because so just as you go ashore to get fresh water, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00416-00221805-00222080 you might also find some other things that you can take, JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00417-00222080-00222332 but it would be a problem to JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00418-00222354-00222806 dilly-dally, and to be and be so concerned about those that you missed a call JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00419-00222828-00223201 back to the ship when it's the appropriate time. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00420-00223271-00223990 You ought to think of these other things in your life as being like them and and then when it says; JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00421-00224112-00224773 if you're given a spouse and a child, instead of shellfish and vegetable, there is no trouble with that. That's the JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00422-00224832-00225304 strangest part that makes us wonder what exactly is he getting at? JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00423-00225305-00225808 He's not saying they should just be discarded like shellfish and vegetables and running for the ship JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00424-00225809-00226040 He's saying you should be just as willing to leave JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00425-00226092-00226292 them and JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00426-00226329-00226655 to die and not be overly concerned about JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00427-00226746-00226860 how JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00428-00226860-00227016 they are JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00429-00227016-00227284 reacting to your death or things like that. JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00430-00227285-00227439 (student speak - So then in that case JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00431-00227439-00227908 he says the end, if you're old and done stray far from the tip so that when you hear the call to return you aren't JBuK5Ca4Kw4-00432-00227909-00228251 Left behind that's pretty much like don't stay longer than you're supposed to) Yeah JBZL802syUU-00000-00000052-00000568 [Music] JBZL802syUU-00001-00000574-00001256 From the digital design studio in Culver City comes the West LA College Show JBZL802syUU-00002-00001256-00001652 [Music] JBZL802syUU-00003-00001761-00002199 Hi, I am Steven Carter and today I'm here with Interim President Bob Sprague JBZL802syUU-00004-00002212-00002446 Hi, glad to be here. JBZL802syUU-00005-00002446-00002728 What are your goals as the President and West Los Angeles College? JBZL802syUU-00006-00002746-00003479 The primary role I'm gonna have is to build a bridge between our past president and whoever JBZL802syUU-00007-00003480-00004020 comes in probably in October to be the next regularly JBZL802syUU-00008-00004020-00004662 appointed president specifically about goals for the college for myself a JBZL802syUU-00009-00004662-00005149 first is a focus on making this the year the student and opening up a debate JBZL802syUU-00010-00005149-00005655 about how we create the year the student into maybe the decade of the student or JBZL802syUU-00011-00005655-00006125 institutionalize in its commitment to the student in everything we do from now on JBZL802syUU-00012-00006173-00006693 not limited to one year but open the door to a discussion of how we make this JBZL802syUU-00013-00006693-00007363 an institution for the student all the time in everything we decide to do so JBZL802syUU-00014-00007363-00007818 that's one goal in another goal is to emphasize the opportunities for growth JBZL802syUU-00015-00007818-00008525 that colleges in a place where right now the state is funding growth if we grow JBZL802syUU-00016-00008525-00008944 our enrollment we will be funded for the growth and in the couple of other areas JBZL802syUU-00017-00008944-00009415 we're going to be expanding and creating growth will talk about facilities in a JBZL802syUU-00018-00009415-00009967 minute I think but the facilities will enhance growth and in particular we're JBZL802syUU-00019-00009967-00010479 going to enhance and expand and develop further our grants we're going to JBZL802syUU-00020-00010479-00011049 collaborate with our foundation in order to create grants and programs of giving JBZL802syUU-00021-00011049-00011509 from the foundation and we're going to expand the activities of the Enterprise JBZL802syUU-00022-00011509-00012199 Manager who does things like rents the campus for other people's use this and JBZL802syUU-00023-00012199-00012863 creates revenues from things like marketing and branding and even selling JBZL802syUU-00024-00012863-00013344 coca-cola underneath the underneath the awning of some of the buildings. JBZL802syUU-00025-00013360-00013608 So how exactly will you achieve growth? JBZL802syUU-00026-00013608-00014297 For example in the area of enrollment we're going to add sections and we're JBZL802syUU-00027-00014297-00014777 going to work to increase the enrollment in the sections that were offering we're JBZL802syUU-00028-00014777-00015215 going to open up high schools again for the first time in about two years we're JBZL802syUU-00029-00015215-00015629 going to have a faculty member who was reassigned just to do high school JBZL802syUU-00030-00015629-00016155 relations again. It's been about two years since we've been regularly in the high JBZL802syUU-00031-00016155-00016655 schools but each one of the high schools is very interested in finding out ways JBZL802syUU-00032-00016655-00017252 that high school students can prepare and get enrolled and prepare to enroll JBZL802syUU-00033-00017252-00017792 in their local community college and that's one major way that we're going to JBZL802syUU-00034-00017792-00018312 expand but we're also going to increase our marketing and recruitment and spend JBZL802syUU-00035-00018312-00018965 more as well as do more activities with chambers and with business and labor JBZL802syUU-00036-00018965-00019701 with churches and temples and with public agencies like the libraries and JBZL802syUU-00037-00019701-00020298 employment centers and other area other areas like that that fill up functions JBZL802syUU-00038-00020298-00020776 within the community that also really can benefit from having a partnership JBZL802syUU-00039-00020776-00020856 with the college. JBZL802syUU-00040-00020856-00021156 Speaking of changing landscapes I've noticed there's a lot of JBZL802syUU-00041-00021176-00021490 new faculty at West how many new faculty exactly are they? JBZL802syUU-00042-00021522-00022192 There are about 12 from last year and they'll be 15 new faculty again this year the JBZL802syUU-00043-00022193-00022697 faculty will be all tenure track, last year's will be in their second year JBZL802syUU-00044-00022697-00023172 of tenure this year will have a whole new group of 15 starting their tenure JBZL802syUU-00045-00023172-00023848 We'll have programs to support them we'll have programs to help to contribute JBZL802syUU-00046-00023848-00024420 to their being successful between the two plus the prior year we have about 35 JBZL802syUU-00047-00024420-00025060 to 40 brand new faculty or one or two year old faculty on the campus it really JBZL802syUU-00048-00025060-00025548 does change the way in which the campus of works and the way in which I hope JBZL802syUU-00049-00025548-00025748 students relate to faculty JBZL802syUU-00050-00025748-00026532 we've been very lucky at West, we've got unusually strong, strong candidates and JBZL802syUU-00051-00026532-00027094 we've been able to pick from a few candidates and in every single case JBZL802syUU-00052-00027094-00027377 we've got somebody who's an outstanding choice JBZL802syUU-00053-00027377-00027789 Well that's a lot of people I've also heard there's a lot of changes in what JBZL802syUU-00054-00027789-00028094 people do at West can you tell me a little more about that? JBZL802syUU-00055-00028126-00028458 Right, we just JBZL802syUU-00056-00028469-00029073 issued a letter that offers six reassignments from a four person who's JBZL802syUU-00057-00029073-00029493 already got an assignment at the school that's a person's teaching or counseling JBZL802syUU-00058-00029493-00030072 or is functioning as a librarian to take assignment away from that job in order JBZL802syUU-00059-00030072-00030486 to do new things. I mentioned the Jump Start program where we're going to JBZL802syUU-00060-00030486-00030983 take one faculty member and give that person an opportunity to develop the JBZL802syUU-00061-00030983-00031418 high school program again, we're gonna do that with POP which is a program with JBZL802syUU-00062-00031418-00031892 the police academy taking high school students to go through a two-year JBZL802syUU-00063-00031892-00032310 program where they earn their diploma and their college degree at the same JBZL802syUU-00064-00032310-00033079 time, we're going to do an assignment for the ACT program which is a sequence set JBZL802syUU-00065-00033079-00033579 of courses in two years of students who will be able to complete a two-year JBZL802syUU-00066-00033579-00034101 program but attend part-time and has a guaranteed transfer to Cal State JBZL802syUU-00067-00034101-00034682 Dominguez Hills and will be transferable to other Cal States and UCs as well JBZL802syUU-00068-00034682-00035377 so those are three examples we have six of those, we also have about 15 ways in JBZL802syUU-00069-00035377-00035863 which faculty can enter into assignments that will contribute to the accreditation JBZL802syUU-00070-00035863-00036579 process and that's another whole area where faculty can get engaged in addition JBZL802syUU-00071-00036579-00037164 to those two things we have mentoring for new tenure track faculty we match a JBZL802syUU-00072-00037164-00037628 tenured faculty member up with a tenure-track faculty member and that's JBZL802syUU-00073-00037628-00037832 probably 45 JBZL802syUU-00074-00037832-00038461 mentoring assignments and we've just reorganized our divisions so that we have JBZL802syUU-00075-00038461-00039120 13 academic divisions now and in each case where we have a new chair where JBZL802syUU-00076-00039120-00039819 mentoring that person with a more experienced division chair so there's JBZL802syUU-00077-00039819-00040193 mentoring opportunities accreditations opportunities and special projects JBZL802syUU-00078-00040193-00040572 opportunities over and above what people are normally doing in their teaching JBZL802syUU-00079-00040572-00041010 Interim President Bob Sprague thank you for your time JBZL802syUU-00080-00041010-00041168 sure it's my pleasure thank you JBZL802syUU-00081-00041290-00041772 [music] JCM33947oTo-00000-00000300-00000700 Today, at an international exoplanet conference JCM33947oTo-00001-00000700-00001100 the team who built the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher, JCM33947oTo-00002-00001100-00001600 better known as HARPS, the spectrograph for ESO’s 3.6-metre telescope, JCM33947oTo-00003-00001600-00002000 reports on the incredible discovery of more than 30 new exoplanets, JCM33947oTo-00004-00002000-00002500 cementing HARPS’s position as the world’s foremost exoplanet hunter. JCM33947oTo-00005-00002900-00003100 This is the ESOcast! JCM33947oTo-00006-00003100-00003600 Cutting-edge science and life behind the scenes of ESO, the European Southern Observatory. JCM33947oTo-00007-00003600-00004200 Exploring the ultimate frontier with our host DrJ, a.k.a. DrJoeLiske. JCM33947oTo-00008-00004600-00004800 Hello and welcome to the ESOcast. JCM33947oTo-00009-00004800-00005400 In this episode, we have another major exoplanet discovery coming to you from ESO’s La Silla Observatory. JCM33947oTo-00010-00005400-00005900 And we're not just talking about just one exoplanet, we're talking about no less than 30! JCM33947oTo-00011-00005900-00006100 It's exoplanets galore! JCM33947oTo-00012-00006200-00006600 Including these new results, data from HARPS has led to the discovery JCM33947oTo-00013-00006600-00007100 of more than 75 exoplanets in 30 different planetary systems. JCM33947oTo-00014-00007100-00007600 In particular, thanks to its amazing precision, the search for small planets, JCM33947oTo-00015-00007600-00008200 those with a mass of a few times that of the Earth — known as super-Earths and Neptune-like planets — JCM33947oTo-00016-00008200-00008400 has been given a dramatic boost. JCM33947oTo-00017-00008400-00009300 HARPS has facilitated the discovery of 24 of the 28 planets known with masses below 20 Earth masses. JCM33947oTo-00018-00009300-00010000 As with the previously detected super-Earths, most of the new low-mass candidates reside in multi-planet systems, JCM33947oTo-00019-00010000-00010300 with up to five planets per system. JCM33947oTo-00020-00010500-00011200 In 1999, ESO launched a call for opportunities to build a high resolution, extremely precise spectrograph JCM33947oTo-00021-00011200-00011600 for the ESO 3.6-metre telescope at La Silla, Chile. JCM33947oTo-00022-00011700-00012200 Michel Mayor, from the Geneva Observatory, led a consortium to build HARPS, JCM33947oTo-00023-00012200-00012800 which was installed in 2003 and was soon able to measure the back-and-forward motions of stars JCM33947oTo-00024-00012800-00013700 by detecting small changes in a star’s radial velocity as small as 3.5 km/hour, or a steady walking pace. JCM33947oTo-00025-00013800-00014100 Such a precision is crucial for the discovery of exoplanets. JCM33947oTo-00026-00014100-00014600 The radial velocity method, which detects small changes in the radial velocity of a star JCM33947oTo-00027-00014600-00015100 as it wobbles slightly under the gentle gravitational pull from an unseen exoplanet, JCM33947oTo-00028-00015100-00015500 has been most prolific method in the search for exoplanets. JCM33947oTo-00029-00015600-00016400 In return for building the instrument, the HARPS consortium was awarded 100 observing nights per year over a five-year period. JCM33947oTo-00030-00016400-00017000 Now this time was used to carry out one of the most ambitious systematic searches for exoplanets so far implemented worldwide JCM33947oTo-00031-00017000-00017600 by measuring the radial velocities of hundreds of stars that might harbour planetary systems. JCM33947oTo-00032-00017700-00018000 The programme soon proved very successful. JCM33947oTo-00033-00018000-00018700 Using HARPS, Mayor’s team discovered — among others — the first super-Earth around Mu Arae; JCM33947oTo-00034-00018700-00019100 the trio of Neptunes around HD 69830; JCM33947oTo-00035-00019100-00019700 Gliese 581d, the first extrasolar planet in the habitable zone of a small star; JCM33947oTo-00036-00019700-00020400 and the lightest exoplanet ever detected around a normal star, Gliese 581e. JCM33947oTo-00037-00020400-00021100 More recently, they found a potentially lava-covered world, with density similar to that of the Earth’s. JCM33947oTo-00038-00021200-00021700 These observations have given astronomers great insight into the diversity of planetary systems JCM33947oTo-00039-00021700-00022000 and they have helped us to understand how they might form. JCM33947oTo-00040-00022100-00022500 The HARPS consortium was very careful in their selection of targets, JCM33947oTo-00041-00022500-00023000 with several sub-programmes aimed at looking for planets around solar-like stars, JCM33947oTo-00042-00023000-00023600 low-mass dwarf stars, or stars with a lower metal content than the Sun. JCM33947oTo-00043-00023700-00024100 Although it was thought that giant planets couldn’t form around low-mass stars, JCM33947oTo-00044-00024100-00024400 the HARPS team has found several of them. JCM33947oTo-00045-00024400-00024900 The number of exoplanets known around low-mass stars — so-called M dwarfs — JCM33947oTo-00046-00024900-00025400 has also dramatically increased, including new super-Earth candidates. JCM33947oTo-00047-00025500-00025900 Although the first phase of the observing programme is now officially concluded, JCM33947oTo-00048-00025900-00026100 two new programmes have been started. JCM33947oTo-00049-00026100-00026500 And the team still expects to make many new discoveries from the first 5 years of data. JCM33947oTo-00050-00026500-00027000 There is no doubt that HARPS will continue to lead the field of exoplanet discovery, JCM33947oTo-00051-00027000-00027400 and especially pushing towards the detection of Earth-type planets. JCM33947oTo-00052-00027400-00027700 This is Dr J signing off for the ESOcast. JCM33947oTo-00053-00027700-00028000 Join me again next time for another cosmic adventure. JCM33947oTo-00054-00028100-00028400 ESOcast is produced by ESO, the European Southern Observatory. www.eso.org JCM33947oTo-00055-00028400-00028700 ESO, the European Southern Observatory, is the pre-eminent intergovernmental science and technology organisation in astronomy JCM33947oTo-00056-00028700-00029000 designing, constructing and operating the world's most advanced ground-based telescopes. JCM33947oTo-00057-00029200-00029500 Transcription by ESO ; translation by — JDxseIhsn9E-00000-00000340-00000790 hi my name is Frank D'Alessandro I'm and atorney I work at Pine Tree Legal Assistance JDxseIhsn9E-00001-00000790-00001350 this presentation is designed to assist homeowners who are having trouble paying their mortgage JDxseIhsn9E-00002-00001350-00001960 or who are facing foreclosure this is a three part series put on by Pine Tree Legal Assistance JDxseIhsn9E-00003-00001960-00002275 and the Maine Housing Counseling Network JDxseIhsn9E-00004-00002275-00003190 and it's been created to help you see what your options are if you're facing foreclosure or having trouble making mortgage payments JDxseIhsn9E-00005-00003190-00003500 and what you can do to make the situation better JDxseIhsn9E-00006-00003500-00004010 dealing with foreclosure requires you to be persistent and to be organized JDxseIhsn9E-00007-00004010-00004390 you need to pay attention to every communication you get from your lender JDxseIhsn9E-00008-00004390-00005020 need to understand the foreclosure timeline and should closely monitor court deadlines JDxseIhsn9E-00009-00005020-00005780 finally need to create a realistic action plan that fits your needs and then you need to stick to that plan JDxseIhsn9E-00010-00005780-00006409 this segment show she had to make an action plan the first thing you have to do in making an action plan JDxseIhsn9E-00011-00006409-00006895 is to identify the problems and gather basic information JDxseIhsn9E-00012-00006895-00007250 the first thing you need to do is find out who the lender is JDxseIhsn9E-00013-00007250-00007796 what your monthly payment is and what your current interest rate is JDxseIhsn9E-00014-00007796-00008350 though all that information should be on the monthly statement here we see from the servicer JDxseIhsn9E-00015-00008350-00008743 it's also important to know what type of mortgage you have JDxseIhsn9E-00016-00008743-00009335 is a fixed-rate always adjustable-rate? that information should be on the note JDxseIhsn9E-00017-00009335-00009674 that you signed at the closing when you got your mortgage JDxseIhsn9E-00018-00009674-00010520 is there a balloon payment? a balloon payment is a large lump-sum payment JDxseIhsn9E-00019-00010520-00011042 that you require to make usually after 24 months for sometimes after 60 months JDxseIhsn9E-00020-00011042-00011375 it's important to identify that information JDxseIhsn9E-00021-00011375-00012050 also you need to identify whether or not this was money you borrowed to purchase the home or to refinance a home JDxseIhsn9E-00022-00012150-00012380 that's very important information JDxseIhsn9E-00023-00012380-00012760 also it's important to have your credit score JDxseIhsn9E-00024-00012760-00013137 you should pull your credit report and get your credit score JDxseIhsn9E-00025-00013137-00013969 and then also when was the date of the last payment? if you're behind on your mortgage that's really important information to have JDxseIhsn9E-00026-00013969-00014569 then the next thing after you identify the basic information JDxseIhsn9E-00027-00014569-00015191 the next step is to identify what the problem is why did you fall behind on your mortgage JDxseIhsn9E-00028-00015191-00015769 did you lose income? did you become disabled? either temporarily or permanently JDxseIhsn9E-00029-00015769-00016075 did you have an increase in expenses? JDxseIhsn9E-00030-00016075-00016501 did you go thtough a divorce or separation? JDxseIhsn9E-00031-00016501-00016873 was there a death of a family member? or did you lose your job? JDxseIhsn9E-00032-00016873-00017245 in order to negotiated new workout with your lender JDxseIhsn9E-00033-00017245-00017656 the lenders gonna wanna know why you fallen behind on your mortgage payments JDxseIhsn9E-00034-00017680-00018270 then the third step his to identify possible solutions JDxseIhsn9E-00035-00018270-00018736 in one of the other videos we did in this series JDxseIhsn9E-00036-00018736-00019570 we talked about the fact or fiction some things that are true and some things that aren't true if you're facing foreclosure falling behind on your mortgage payment JDxseIhsn9E-00037-00019570-00020015 one of them lies whether you should save your home at all costs JDxseIhsn9E-00038-00020015-00020404 it may not make sense to for you to save your home JDxseIhsn9E-00039-00020404-00020740 but it's important for you to figure that out JDxseIhsn9E-00040-00020740-00021020 one other ways to do that is to do a budget JDxseIhsn9E-00041-00021020-00021760 it's really important to do a budget because in doing a workout trying to get a mortgage payment that supportable JDxseIhsn9E-00042-00021760-00022198 it's critical to to figure out what is in fact affordable for you JDxseIhsn9E-00043-00022198-00022698 so you need to do the budget you need to accurately identify what your income is JDxseIhsn9E-00044-00022698-00023020 you need to actively identify which expenses are JDxseIhsn9E-00045-00023020-00023440 how much do you pay for your mortgage? how much your property taxes? JDxseIhsn9E-00046-00023440-00024080 how much is your house insurance? how much do you actually pay for electricity and heat every mounth? JDxseIhsn9E-00047-00024080-00025190 phone costs, cable, internet, food costs, clothing, toiletries, pet supplies, JDxseIhsn9E-00048-00025190-00025580 car payments, car insurance, its all-important JDxseIhsn9E-00049-00025580-00025968 if you're spending money on it you need to include in your budget JDxseIhsn9E-00050-00025968-00026477 after you do an accurate budget of what your current expenses are JDxseIhsn9E-00051-00026477-00027039 that's the time to look at the budget and to decide what can and can't be cut from the budget JDxseIhsn9E-00052-00027039-00027444 but when you do in the budget it is critical that you will contain JDxseIhsn9E-00053-00027444-00027882 all your expenses and accurately identify what your income is JDxseIhsn9E-00054-00027882-00028510 and not over identify which your income is and under identify which expenses are JDxseIhsn9E-00055-00028660-00029300 now possible solutions: if it makes sense to keep your home if it makes sense given what your income is JDxseIhsn9E-00056-00029300-00029570 that a mortgage is affordable to you JDxseIhsn9E-00057-00029570-00030330 some things that you can do is try to do restructure the loan or do a loan modification with the lender JDxseIhsn9E-00058-00030330-00030810 another a possibility is to get a loan forbearance JDxseIhsn9E-00059-00030810-00031164 from the lender which would give you more time to get caught up JDxseIhsn9E-00060-00031164-00032000 you could also, if you're elderly, do a reverse mortgage which would pay off the existing mortgage and allow you to stay in your home JDxseIhsn9E-00061-00032000-00032940 but as we discussed in one of the other videos we did in this series it's really important not to borrow trouble JDxseIhsn9E-00062-00032940-00033400 it's really important not to get into a situation which just makes matters worse JDxseIhsn9E-00063-00033400-00034280 so before you enter into any sort of refinance, before you enter into reverse mortgage, before you do a loan modification JDxseIhsn9E-00064-00034280-00034800 it's in your best interest to contact the housing counselor or an attorney to go over JDxseIhsn9E-00065-00034800-00035502 that modification or refinance before you sign on the dotted line JDxseIhsn9E-00066-00035502-00035963 another option maybe bankruptcy there are two types a bankruptcy JDxseIhsn9E-00067-00035963-00036500 chapter 7 bankruptcy where you get rid of all your debt, which will include the mortgage JDxseIhsn9E-00068-00036500-00037130 and then a chapter 13 bankruptcy where you restructure your debt JDxseIhsn9E-00069-00037130-00038000 so that you can make the payments and in some cases a chapter 13 bankruptcy is helpful in saving a home JDxseIhsn9E-00070-00038000-00038429 but if that's a possible solution and it may be for you you should contact the JDxseIhsn9E-00071-00038429-00038895 bankruptcy attorney to discuss your options JDxseIhsn9E-00072-00038895-00039320 as we discussed before it may not make sense to to keep your home JDxseIhsn9E-00073-00039320-00039820 maybe the best solutions for you to sell the home and pay off the mortgage JDxseIhsn9E-00074-00039820-00040228 ther are also some other options you could do a short sale JDxseIhsn9E-00075-00040228-00041010 in some cases a bank or a lender will accept a short sales where you sell the property for less than what you owe JDxseIhsn9E-00076-00041010-00041583 and the bank accepts that as full satisfaction for whatever you owe them JDxseIhsn9E-00077-00041583-00042270 also you could do a deed in lieu where sometimes the lender will allow you to just transfer the property to them JDxseIhsn9E-00078-00042270-00042579 and they will forgive the debt owed on it JDxseIhsn9E-00079-00042579-00042986 there are some problems with that though, in both of those solutions either the JDxseIhsn9E-00080-00042986-00043520 short sale or the deed in lieu can have serious tax consequences JDxseIhsn9E-00081-00043520-00043875 so before you enter into an agreement like that you should JDxseIhsn9E-00082-00043875-00045000 contact the Housing Council or an attorney and fully identified what the consequences are gonna be from entering into that agreement JDxseIhsn9E-00083-00045040-00045820 so finally, it's really important that in developing this action plan JDxseIhsn9E-00084-00045820-00046134 okay you identify you get the basic information together JDxseIhsn9E-00085-00046134-00046650 you identify what the problem was you identify with the possible solutions are JDxseIhsn9E-00086-00046650-00047200 and you do an accurate budget which actually states what your income and expenses are JDxseIhsn9E-00087-00047300-00047842 now in order to do this in order to do an effective action plan you need to get JDxseIhsn9E-00088-00047842-00048340 all your documents together that includes all the documents you got when JDxseIhsn9E-00089-00048340-00048689 you where at the closing for the mortgage JDxseIhsn9E-00090-00048689-00048990 any documents you may receive from the servicer since then JDxseIhsn9E-00091-00048990-00050100 if you're a court any court documents you may have received either from the lender or from the court JDxseIhsn9E-00092-00050130-00050488 you need to do the budget you need to get help JDxseIhsn9E-00093-00050488-00050914 you should contact the Housing Council or an attorney soon as possible JDxseIhsn9E-00094-00050914-00051228 get help sooner rather than later JDxseIhsn9E-00095-00051228-00051820 don't borrow trouble, don't enter into a new agreement that just makes matters worse JDxseIhsn9E-00096-00051820-00052450 be persistent and diligent if you don't get help right away call back JDxseIhsn9E-00097-00052450-00052779 remember you're not alone JDxseIhsn9E-00098-00052779-00053279 in 2008 over 5,000 foreclosures were filed in the state of Maine JDxseIhsn9E-00099-00053279-00053702 and that number is rising if you are in foreclosure JDxseIhsn9E-00100-00053702-00054170 which means if you've been served with a notice that default or if you're actually in court JDxseIhsn9E-00101-00054170-00054508 it's really important to keep track of all deadlines JDxseIhsn9E-00102-00054508-00054879 and you need to contact an attorney for help right away JDxseIhsn9E-00103-00054910-00055258 so the next step is for you to meet with the how to develop an action plan to JDxseIhsn9E-00104-00055258-00055508 meet with the housing council or an attorney JDxseIhsn9E-00105-00055508-00055876 at the end of this video to be contact information JDxseIhsn9E-00106-00055876-00056450 for the Maine Housing Counselor Network you should look at the Pine Tree Legal Sassistance website JDxseIhsn9E-00107-00056450-00057300 www.ptla.org, you should look at that information and contact the entity closest to you for help JE4YF8aa9Ak-00000-00000005-00000400 So here we have... here we have a proof. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00001-00000400-00000800 This proof could be completed using the inference rules, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00002-00000800-00001002 but for the sake of illustration, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00003-00001002-00001402 I'm going to solve it using the indirect proof method. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00004-00001402-00001607 So when we do an indirect proof, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00005-00001607-00002503 the first step...we write 4... to number our next inference. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00006-00002503-00002908 And then, the next thing we do is we indent, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00007-00002908-00003309 and the next thing we do is we draw a line. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00008-00003309-00003703 So...first we indent, and then, we draw a line. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00009-00003703-00004103 And then, the next thing we do is we make an assumption. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00010-00004103-00004503 And the assumption is indented, and it's behind a line. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00011-00004503-00004901 The assumption is always the negation JE4YF8aa9Ak-00012-00004901-00005106 of what you're trying to prove. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00013-00005106-00005406 Now, we're trying to prove, in this case, A. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00014-00005406-00005803 We want A to be the very last line of our proof. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00015-00005803-00006008 So we're going to assume as our assumption JE4YF8aa9Ak-00016-00006008-00006303 the negation of what we're seeking to prove-- JE4YF8aa9Ak-00017-00006303-00006603 the negation of A, so I'm trying to prove A. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00018-00006603-00006902 I will assume tilde A. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00019-00006902-00007101 The assumption will always be JE4YF8aa9Ak-00020-00007101-00007408 exactly what you're trying to prove or trying to reach, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00021-00007408-00007801 except with a tilde added to its left. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00022-00007801-00008304 I write AP, and AP stands for assumed premise JE4YF8aa9Ak-00023-00008304-00008509 and says this is an assumption. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00024-00008509-00008708 It's an assumed premise. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00025-00008708-00009109 It's not one of the initial original premises. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00026-00009109-00009406 Now, using this assumption JE4YF8aa9Ak-00027-00009406-00009805 and any of the original premises, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00028-00009805-00010308 my goal is to reach-- using the rules-- JE4YF8aa9Ak-00029-00010308-00010503 a contradiction. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00030-00010503-00010802 And a contradiction is going to be defined JE4YF8aa9Ak-00031-00010802-00011309 as any statement of the form P ampersand not P. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00032-00011309-00011706 So in order to count as a contradiction in this system, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00033-00011706-00012107 a statement has to be of the form P ampersand not P. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00034-00012107-00012709 So examples of a contradiction would be O ampersand not O, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00035-00012709-00013309 G ampersand not G, R ampersand not R, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00036-00013309-00013907 um...O wedge W ampersand, not O wedge W, and so forth. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00037-00013907-00014106 So I'm after a contradiction. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00038-00014106-00014500 Now, I look at this, and I have not A. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00039-00014500-00014804 And I look up here, and I see that this and this JE4YF8aa9Ak-00040-00014804-00015009 forms the disjunctive syllogism pattern. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00041-00015009-00015209 And so, I'm gonna... JE4YF8aa9Ak-00042-00015209-00015706 from A wedge B and not A, I'm going to infer B JE4YF8aa9Ak-00043-00015706-00016208 by disjunctive syllogism 1 and 4. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00044-00016208-00016801 P wedge Q, the negation of the P allows me to bring down the Q. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00045-00016801-00017108 [music] JE4YF8aa9Ak-00046-00017108-00017305 [laughing] JE4YF8aa9Ak-00047-00017305-00017501 It's a phone. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00048-00017501-00017708 And so, now, I'm looking up above, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00049-00017708-00018100 and I see that this and this line forms JE4YF8aa9Ak-00050-00018100-00018302 the modus ponens pattern. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00051-00018302-00018604 Because I have P and P horseshoe Q, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00052-00018604-00018804 modus ponens says, in that case, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00053-00018804-00019004 I can infer the Q. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00054-00019004-00019405 So I'm gonna infer the Q part of the P horseshoe Q. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00055-00019405-00019702 P, P horseshoe Q, bring down the Q, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00056-00019702-00020202 and that's modus ponens 2 and 5. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00057-00020404-00020809 P, P horseshoe Q, infer Q. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00058-00020809-00021401 Now, as long as I reach a contradiction, I win. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00059-00021401-00021900 And I see the not C here, and the not C--the tilde C-- JE4YF8aa9Ak-00060-00021900-00022103 is to the right of a conjunction. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00061-00022103-00022303 So when I see the conjunction, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00062-00022303-00022508 I know I can apply simplification JE4YF8aa9Ak-00063-00022508-00022901 and bring either side down of my choice. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00064-00022901-00023301 So I'm gonna infer the not C-- the tilde C-- JE4YF8aa9Ak-00065-00023301-00023705 by applying simplification to line 3. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00066-00024208-00024701 I just removed...I just inferred this and brought it down. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00067-00024701-00025400 And now, I can conjoin 6 and...let's see, 4, 5...6 and 7. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00068-00025400-00026101 I can conjoin 6 and 7, C ampersand tilde C. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00069-00026101-00026700 That's conjunction 6 and 7. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00070-00026700-00027001 I just took...this line and this line JE4YF8aa9Ak-00071-00027001-00027209 and put 'em together with an ampersand in the middle. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00072-00027209-00027707 That's conjunction, and this is a contradiction. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00073-00027707-00028302 It's a statement of the form P ampersand tilde P. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00074-00028302-00028608 So I've reached a contradiction, and next... JE4YF8aa9Ak-00075-00028608-00029208 My numbering's not very... very lined up with my premises. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00076-00029208-00029605 But now that I've reached a contradiction, I disindent, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00077-00029605-00030001 and I assert the conclusion I originally thought to prove, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00078-00030001-00030502 which is gonna be the same as what I assumed minus the tilde. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00079-00030502-00030909 So I'm gonna assert A-- the opposite of what I assumed. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00080-00030909-00031309 I'm gonna write IP, standing for indirect proof, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00081-00031309-00031602 and I'm gonna cite the indented lines JE4YF8aa9Ak-00082-00031602-00032108 that I...that I used-- lines 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00083-00032108-00032501 IP lines 4 through 8. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00084-00032501-00032805 And that's how you do an indirect proof. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00085-00032805-00033103 You start by assuming the negation JE4YF8aa9Ak-00086-00033103-00033309 of the conclusion you're seeking to prove. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00087-00033309-00033802 You then use the premises and that assumption, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00088-00033802-00034205 if you wish, and you derive a contradiction using the rules. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00089-00034205-00034405 And if you reach a contradiction, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00090-00034405-00034705 any statement of the form P and not P, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00091-00034705-00034905 and it can be any contradiction. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00092-00034905-00035206 I could have derived A and not A here, JE4YF8aa9Ak-00093-00035206-00035501 but anyway, I derived a contradiction. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00094-00035501-00035801 I disindent and assert the conclusion JE4YF8aa9Ak-00095-00035801-00035908 that I originally sought. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00096-00035908-00036306 It's always gonna be the opposite of what I assumed. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00097-00036306-00036600 And I write IP 4 through 8. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00098-00036600-00036800 That's an indirect proof. JE4YF8aa9Ak-00099-00036800-00036904 Good luck. JJyxAkT_pE8-00000-00000545-00000775 Hello Everyone JJyxAkT_pE8-00001-00000775-00001269 Today's gospel is probably one of the accounts in the New Testament of the Bible that many JJyxAkT_pE8-00002-00001269-00001625 people might find rather disturbing. JJyxAkT_pE8-00003-00001625-00002211 Because in the account we see Jesus doing something entirely unusual and uncharacteristic JJyxAkT_pE8-00004-00002211-00002454 of him. JJyxAkT_pE8-00005-00002454-00003051 First of all, Jesus, along with his disciples, for the first time, visited Tyre and Sidon, JJyxAkT_pE8-00006-00003051-00003642 which were identified as typical Gentile and non-Jewish regions in Jesus' time. JJyxAkT_pE8-00007-00003642-00004159 Until then, he had spent most of the time of his ministry in the region of Galilee which JJyxAkT_pE8-00008-00004159-00004445 was mostly Jewish. JJyxAkT_pE8-00009-00004445-00005317 Tyre and Sidon were fifty miles north of Israel, and today they are part of Southern Lebanon. JJyxAkT_pE8-00010-00005317-00005811 In Chapter 10 of the gospel of Matthew, we learn that Jesus sent the apostles out on JJyxAkT_pE8-00011-00005811-00006385 a mission with instructions that they should not "go into Gentile or pagan territory, nor JJyxAkT_pE8-00012-00006385-00006911 enter any Samaritan towns, but rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel", Matthew JJyxAkT_pE8-00013-00006911-00007011 (10:5-6). JJyxAkT_pE8-00014-00007011-00007585 That's to say, the disciples were to stay away from people who were not Jews. JJyxAkT_pE8-00015-00007585-00008481 But now Jesus was visiting a Gentile region, contrary to his own instructions to his disciples. JJyxAkT_pE8-00016-00008481-00008975 One might well wonder why Jesus visited a Gentile territory. JJyxAkT_pE8-00017-00008975-00009439 From the circumstances surrounding Jesus at the time, we can assume five good reasons JJyxAkT_pE8-00018-00009439-00009871 for him to break his own commands: JJyxAkT_pE8-00019-00009871-00010440 Jesus wanted to find some quiet time for himself as his end was near. JJyxAkT_pE8-00020-00010440-00010956 Because by then, the Jewish religious leaders, had begun to accuse Jesus of breaking Jewish JJyxAkT_pE8-00021-00010956-00011509 traditions and laws; had challenged his authority and power to establish the kingdom of God, JJyxAkT_pE8-00022-00011509-00011963 and had plotted to kill Him, Matthew (12:4). JJyxAkT_pE8-00023-00011963-00012517 He wanted to further prepare his disciples for his own suffering and death and their JJyxAkT_pE8-00024-00012517-00012747 apostolic ministry. JJyxAkT_pE8-00025-00012747-00013362 Possibly, He wanted to avoid being arrested by Herod Antipas, who was thinking that Jesus JJyxAkT_pE8-00026-00013362-00013751 was John the Baptist raised from the dead, Matthew (14:2). JJyxAkT_pE8-00027-00013751-00014593 Besides, Tyre and Sidon were outside the jurisdiction of both Herod and the Jewish religious leaders. JJyxAkT_pE8-00028-00014593-00015068 He wanted to avoid the crowds, who, after the great miracle of the multiplication of JJyxAkT_pE8-00029-00015068-00015676 the loaves and fish, intended to "come and make him king by force", John (6:15). JJyxAkT_pE8-00030-00015676-00016209 However, even in this foreign territory, He could not escape the demands of the crowds. JJyxAkT_pE8-00031-00016209-00016982 A woman, who had probably heard about all the wonderful works of Jesus, approached him, JJyxAkT_pE8-00032-00016982-00017532 and was desperately crying out to him to heal her terminally ill daughter. JJyxAkT_pE8-00033-00017532-00018106 Jesus paid no attention to her, and his disciples, who probably saw her as a nuisance, wanted JJyxAkT_pE8-00034-00018106-00018387 Jesus to send her away. JJyxAkT_pE8-00035-00018387-00018862 But the woman refused to give up, even when Jesus tried to ignore her. JJyxAkT_pE8-00036-00018862-00019503 Here, no doubt, Jesus seemed to be indifferent, for Jesus did not always have to be asked JJyxAkT_pE8-00037-00019503-00019748 before he showed compassion to others. JJyxAkT_pE8-00038-00019748-00020429 There are scripture passages that tell us how Jesus at times, moved with compassion, JJyxAkT_pE8-00039-00020429-00020926 would immediately respond to a need without being asked. JJyxAkT_pE8-00040-00020926-00021145 But there was a problem here. JJyxAkT_pE8-00041-00021145-00021717 The woman was a Gentile and moreover, was a Canaanite, the ancestral enemies of the JJyxAkT_pE8-00042-00021717-00022020 Jews. JJyxAkT_pE8-00043-00022020-00022474 As a non-Jew, she did not enjoy the privileges of God's chosen people. JJyxAkT_pE8-00044-00022474-00023012 That's to say, she was an alien, deprived of privileges. JJyxAkT_pE8-00045-00023012-00023320 She had no legitimate claim on the Messiah. JJyxAkT_pE8-00046-00023320-00023868 But there was one thing Jesus had to do first; He must test the true faith of this woman. JJyxAkT_pE8-00047-00023868-00024312 So, he turned to her and said, "It is not right to take the food of the children and JJyxAkT_pE8-00048-00024312-00024704 throw it to the dogs". JJyxAkT_pE8-00049-00024704-00025148 Some might ask why Jesus referred to her as a dog. JJyxAkT_pE8-00050-00025148-00025820 Taken out of context, and especially in English, it is easy to mistake this for an insult. JJyxAkT_pE8-00051-00025820-00026450 In the flow of the story, however, it is very clear Jesus used a disparaging metaphor to JJyxAkT_pE8-00052-00026450-00026849 explain the priorities of his ministry. JJyxAkT_pE8-00053-00026849-00027551 Scholars point out that "dog" or "kuon" in Greek, in Jesus' days were unclean animals JJyxAkT_pE8-00054-00027551-00028114 and considered by most as scavengers, often lean, savage, and diseased. JJyxAkT_pE8-00055-00028114-00028694 They were seldom kept as household pets as they are today. JJyxAkT_pE8-00056-00028694-00029397 Sometimes the same word kuon was also used as a common derogatory term to refer to one's JJyxAkT_pE8-00057-00029397-00029982 enemies, and so the Jews used the term for Gentiles indicating their unclean status by JJyxAkT_pE8-00058-00029982-00030108 Jewish law. JJyxAkT_pE8-00059-00030108-00030813 In fact, dogs were strongly associated with uncleanliness and so were wolves and swine JJyxAkT_pE8-00060-00030813-00030988 in ancient Israel. JJyxAkT_pE8-00061-00030988-00031508 Particularly, it was prophesied that dogs would lick Ahab's blood, 1 Kings (22:37-38), JJyxAkT_pE8-00062-00031508-00031754 and eat Jezebel's flesh, 2 Kings (9:35-36). JJyxAkT_pE8-00063-00031754-00032542 So, at this point, Jesus used the word kuon not out of disrespect to her, nor to discriminate JJyxAkT_pE8-00064-00032542-00033178 her, but to test her faith and, to make the woman and the disciples understand that his JJyxAkT_pE8-00065-00033178-00033791 duty, first and foremost, was to the people of Israel and not to the Gentiles. JJyxAkT_pE8-00066-00033791-00034320 Recklessly taking from Israel, in violation of God's plan, would be like a father taking JJyxAkT_pE8-00067-00034320-00034672 food from his children to throw to the dogs. JJyxAkT_pE8-00068-00034672-00035255 But the woman apparently was not the least bit offended, not even when Jesus implied JJyxAkT_pE8-00069-00035255-00035489 that she was a dog. JJyxAkT_pE8-00070-00035489-00036063 She remained humble, and persisted with her plea by saying, "Please, Lord, for even the JJyxAkT_pE8-00071-00036063-00036706 dogs eat the scraps that fall from the table of their masters", Matthew (15:27). JJyxAkT_pE8-00072-00036706-00037377 One might wonder why she did not argue with Jesus nor was she offended by Jesus. JJyxAkT_pE8-00073-00037377-00037986 She was able to break through the discouraging words that came her way because: JJyxAkT_pE8-00074-00037986-00038678 The tone and the look of Jesus may have softened the stance when he referred to her as a dog. JJyxAkT_pE8-00075-00038678-00039214 Perhaps the gentle voice, the smile on Jesus' face and the compassion in his eyes counter JJyxAkT_pE8-00076-00039214-00039584 acted the insult and bitterness. JJyxAkT_pE8-00077-00039584-00039997 The woman must have felt the endearment behind the remarks. JJyxAkT_pE8-00078-00039997-00040545 Jesus may have meant dogs in general, but when the woman said, "dogs", she was referring JJyxAkT_pE8-00079-00040545-00041484 to household pets, kunarion, in Greek meaning "small and domesticated dogs." JJyxAkT_pE8-00080-00041484-00042155 She dutifully recognized both the priority of Israel and Jesus' obligation toward them. JJyxAkT_pE8-00081-00042155-00042675 She did not want to diminish Israel's privileges but desired only the crumbs and leftovers. JJyxAkT_pE8-00082-00042675-00043383 She was prepared to accept the leftover crumbs of God's goodness. JJyxAkT_pE8-00083-00043383-00043940 She trusted Jesus from all the things that she had heard and learned about Him. JJyxAkT_pE8-00084-00043940-00044156 She knew him to be the Messiah. JJyxAkT_pE8-00085-00044156-00044472 She knew that He had the power to heal her daughter. JJyxAkT_pE8-00086-00044472-00044693 She rested her hopes on him. JJyxAkT_pE8-00087-00044693-00045161 That's why Jesus eventually said, "Woman, great is your faith! JJyxAkT_pE8-00088-00045161-00045528 Let it be done for you as you wish", Matthew (15:27). JJyxAkT_pE8-00089-00045528-00045806 And the woman's daughter was healed immediately. JJyxAkT_pE8-00090-00045806-00046589 Let us note here that we only hear of two Gentiles, in fact, the only people that Jesus JJyxAkT_pE8-00091-00046589-00046897 acknowledged as having great faith. JJyxAkT_pE8-00092-00046897-00047499 One was the Canaanite woman and the other was the Roman centurion who wanted his servant JJyxAkT_pE8-00093-00047499-00047791 healed, Matthew (8:10). JJyxAkT_pE8-00094-00047791-00048106 What is the message for us? JJyxAkT_pE8-00095-00048106-00048734 The supreme significance of the passage is that it foreshadows Christ's desire to proclaim JJyxAkT_pE8-00096-00048734-00049131 the good news to the whole world, not just the Jews. JJyxAkT_pE8-00097-00049131-00049664 It shows us the beginning of the end of all the barriers. JJyxAkT_pE8-00098-00049664-00049931 The woman exemplified deep love. JJyxAkT_pE8-00099-00049931-00050250 She took her child's suffering as her own suffering. JJyxAkT_pE8-00100-00050250-00050727 Her love for her sick daughter gave her courage and compelled her to approach the stranger JJyxAkT_pE8-00101-00050727-00050870 Jesus. JJyxAkT_pE8-00102-00050870-00051467 Her love for her child motivated her to accept Jesus' silence; ignore apparent insults and JJyxAkT_pE8-00103-00051467-00052328 rebuffs; disregard her own hurt feelings and her reputation, and relentlessly pursue Jesus JJyxAkT_pE8-00104-00052328-00052674 to heal her child. JJyxAkT_pE8-00105-00052674-00053351 The woman exemplified great faith that Jesus did not find among his hometown people, or JJyxAkT_pE8-00106-00053351-00053795 the religious leaders, or the crowds, or even the disciples. JJyxAkT_pE8-00107-00053795-00054240 Her faith grew through her interaction with Jesus. JJyxAkT_pE8-00108-00054240-00054778 She was not afraid to cry out to Jesus to have pity on her even though she perhaps knew JJyxAkT_pE8-00109-00054778-00055199 that Jesus would reject her because of her being a Gentile. JJyxAkT_pE8-00110-00055199-00055942 Her response to Jesus proved that she understood fully Jesus' true mission and identity and, JJyxAkT_pE8-00111-00055942-00056570 at the same time, knew that faith was the most necessary requirement to receive Christ's JJyxAkT_pE8-00112-00056570-00056740 mercy. JJyxAkT_pE8-00113-00056740-00057029 The woman exemplified cheerfulness. JJyxAkT_pE8-00114-00057029-00057273 She was a Gentile or an outsider. JJyxAkT_pE8-00115-00057273-00057549 She was looked down upon with contempt. JJyxAkT_pE8-00116-00057549-00057813 She had a grievously ill daughter. JJyxAkT_pE8-00117-00057813-00058003 She was in the midst of sorrow. JJyxAkT_pE8-00118-00058003-00058405 She was ignored and insulted, and yet, she was not discouraged. JJyxAkT_pE8-00119-00058405-00058995 She was so optimistic and humble that she was willing to be referred to as a dog and JJyxAkT_pE8-00120-00058995-00059453 eat the crumbs from the master's table. JJyxAkT_pE8-00121-00059453-00060090 This is the approach we all need to have as we go to Jesus for answers to all our problems. JJyxAkT_pE8-00122-00060090-00060719 First of all, we should love and show concern for other people in trials, tears, pain, suffering, JJyxAkT_pE8-00123-00060719-00061019 sickness, afflictions and calamities of life. JJyxAkT_pE8-00124-00061019-00061467 Secondly, we should pray for those who are suffering. JJyxAkT_pE8-00125-00061467-00061953 God appreciates people who pray fervently for other people faced with trials. JJyxAkT_pE8-00126-00061953-00062411 Thirdly, we should have patience not to grow bitter and lose heart. JJyxAkT_pE8-00127-00062411-00063277 When we feel that God is silent or absent or far away, it's always good to say a prayer JJyxAkT_pE8-00128-00063277-00063377 for patience. JJyxAkT_pE8-00129-00063377-00063924 Fourthly, we must trust in the Lord with all our heart, believing He will not fail or forsake JJyxAkT_pE8-00130-00063924-00064037 us. JJyxAkT_pE8-00131-00064037-00064147 God is unchanging. JJyxAkT_pE8-00132-00064147-00064905 Lastly, we should be cheerful, hopeful in Christ, in spite of tragedies, misfortunes JJyxAkT_pE8-00133-00064905-00065166 and negative circumstances. JJyxAkT_pE8-00134-00065166-00065449 God loves a cheerful heart. JJyxAkT_pE8-00135-00065449-00065580 Amen. JJyxAkT_pE8-00136-00065580-00065644 God Bless You! JJByrtgb0HY-00000-00001297-00001464 they all look at me JJByrtgb0HY-00001-00001567-00001800 like you are looking at me now JJByrtgb0HY-00002-00001990-00002167 like I am evil JJByrtgb0HY-00003-00002400-00002650 my name is Kemiyondo Coutinho JJByrtgb0HY-00004-00002700-00002947 I am a Ugandan but I grew up in Swaziland JJByrtgb0HY-00005-00002965-00003400 and I did my primary and secondary education in Swaziland JJByrtgb0HY-00006-00003460-00003829 which is one of the last monarchies still standing in Africa JJByrtgb0HY-00007-00004000-00004360 and I got a scholarship to go to Lewis and Clark in Portland, Oregon JJByrtgb0HY-00008-00004515-00004846 and then I auditioned to get into the school that I'm in now JJByrtgb0HY-00009-00004963-00005300 which is the American Conservatory Theatre JJByrtgb0HY-00010-00005400-00005677 which has made me love school all over again JJByrtgb0HY-00011-00006698-00006859 test me again JJByrtgb0HY-00012-00006995-00007215 I wanted to really perform in a one woman show JJByrtgb0HY-00013-00007250-00007475 because I was really interested in JJByrtgb0HY-00014-00007525-00007851 what it is to change characters in front of people JJByrtgb0HY-00015-00007875-00008079 and I thought - when I watchted it on stage JJByrtgb0HY-00016-00008096-00008331 that that was the most magical thing about theatre JJByrtgb0HY-00017-00008367-00008840 is to see one actor transforming herself into 5 characters before you JJByrtgb0HY-00018-00008908-00009248 mommy it's not fair that they don't want me to play with no shirt JJByrtgb0HY-00019-00009261-00009447 it's hot mommy JJByrtgb0HY-00020-00009545-00009870 tomorrow I'm going to play with no shirt and no pants JJByrtgb0HY-00021-00009917-00010195 so I really wanted to do a one woman show about African women JJByrtgb0HY-00022-00010257-00010711 so I looked and I couldn't find a single show about African women JJByrtgb0HY-00023-00010744-00010892 and I was rather shocked JJByrtgb0HY-00024-00010949-00011269 because prior to this I had no idea that JJByrtgb0HY-00025-00011292-00011476 no one wrote for the African woman JJByrtgb0HY-00026-00011573-00011781 so, because I was so determined to do this JJByrtgb0HY-00027-00011795-00012007 I decided to write the show JJByrtgb0HY-00028-00012053-00012257 kawuna! you're it! JJByrtgb0HY-00029-00012644-00012931 so I wrote "kawuna - you're it!" JJByrtgb0HY-00030-00013001-00013210 which is a game in Uganda JJByrtgb0HY-00031-00013327-00013497 closest to tag JJByrtgb0HY-00032-00013569-00013753 when someone touches someone JJByrtgb0HY-00033-00013845-00014134 and I thought that was a good metaphor for HIV/AIDS JJByrtgb0HY-00034-00014160-00014493 because when you touch someone and someone touches you JJByrtgb0HY-00035-00014638-00014861 ...with the virus - that's kind of how it spreads JJByrtgb0HY-00036-00015115-00015288 I started a festival JJByrtgb0HY-00037-00015315-00015488 what I'm hoping to do with the festival JJByrtgb0HY-00038-00015512-00015944 is to bridge my passion towards social change and the arts JJByrtgb0HY-00039-00016017-00016270 all together - and let one feed the other JJByrtgb0HY-00040-00016353-00016566 so with this festival what I'm planning to do JJByrtgb0HY-00041-00016602-00016770 is to have a yearly theme JJByrtgb0HY-00042-00016804-00017026 a yearly social theme JJByrtgb0HY-00043-00017055-00017391 so this year it's HIV/AIDS: no statistics allowed JJByrtgb0HY-00044-00017444-00017608 and what that means is JJByrtgb0HY-00045-00017696-00018020 I am personally tired of hearing judgements JJByrtgb0HY-00046-00018040-00018194 I'm tired of hearing numbers JJByrtgb0HY-00047-00018250-00018500 I'm tired of hearing people preach about HIV JJByrtgb0HY-00048-00018622-00018890 I'm more interested in the stories behind HIV JJByrtgb0HY-00049-00019010-00019340 I'm more interested in arts addressing HIV JJByrtgb0HY-00050-00019484-00019871 because I don't think people are using art to its full potential JJByrtgb0HY-00051-00019924-00020083 to change a society JJByrtgb0HY-00052-00020125-00020385 so I have an art exhibition JJByrtgb0HY-00053-00020584-00020846 a fashion night out, poetry and theatre JJByrtgb0HY-00054-00020882-00021070 and I'm hoping every year it will grow JJByrtgb0HY-00055-00021070-00021208 ...and some music as well JJByrtgb0HY-00056-00021281-00021462 so what I realized is JJByrtgb0HY-00057-00021511-00021858 ...instead of trying to get one main sponsor for the whole thing JJByrtgb0HY-00058-00021866-00022128 if you get small people who believe in you JJByrtgb0HY-00059-00022145-00022309 and know what you can do JJByrtgb0HY-00060-00022353-00022585 then it's easier for it to come to life JJByrtgb0HY-00061-00022598-00022765 and that's what's happened this year JJByrtgb0HY-00062-00022777-00022922 so my hope JJByrtgb0HY-00063-00022941-00023295 is for people to see the quality that NuVo is bringing JJByrtgb0HY-00064-00023372-00023790 and also the issues that we're addressing through art JJByrtgb0HY-00065-00024215-00024330 next year JJByrtgb0HY-00066-00024347-00024510 (if I get funding) JJByrtgb0HY-00067-00024751-00024936 the festival theme will be "sheroes" JJByrtgb0HY-00068-00024992-00025337 which is to highlight female heroes in Uganda JK5t1S8rhKE-00000-00000008-00000408 now if this question hasn't occurred to JK5t1S8rhKE-00001-00000200-00000664 you yet it would have eventually JK5t1S8rhKE-00002-00000408-00000840 basically why do we want to use large JK5t1S8rhKE-00003-00000664-00001071 pages that are 2 megabytes 4 JK5t1S8rhKE-00004-00000840-00001255 megabytes or 1 gigabyte big JK5t1S8rhKE-00005-00001071-00001504 instead of just everything always being JK5t1S8rhKE-00006-00001255-00001719 a 4 kilobyte page JK5t1S8rhKE-00007-00001504-00001919 well from this information in the JK5t1S8rhKE-00008-00001719-00002143 november 2008 edition JK5t1S8rhKE-00009-00001919-00002384 of the intel manual which doesn't seem JK5t1S8rhKE-00010-00002143-00002503 to be present in the 2020 version JK5t1S8rhKE-00011-00002384-00002743 anymore JK5t1S8rhKE-00012-00002503-00002959 it says that a typical example of mixing JK5t1S8rhKE-00013-00002743-00003167 4 kilobyte and 4 megabyte pages JK5t1S8rhKE-00014-00002959-00003336 is to place the operating system or JK5t1S8rhKE-00015-00003167-00003671 executives kernel JK5t1S8rhKE-00016-00003336-00003832 into a large page to reduce TLB misses JK5t1S8rhKE-00017-00003671-00003952 and thus improve overall system JK5t1S8rhKE-00018-00003832-00004216 performance JK5t1S8rhKE-00019-00003952-00004304 processor maintains 4 megabyte page JK5t1S8rhKE-00020-00004216-00004560 entries and JK5t1S8rhKE-00021-00004304-00004696 4 kilobyte page entries in separate JK5t1S8rhKE-00022-00004560-00004952 TLBs JK5t1S8rhKE-00023-00004696-00005023 so placing code that is often used such JK5t1S8rhKE-00024-00004952-00005312 as the kernel JK5t1S8rhKE-00025-00005023-00005512 in a larger page frees up 4 kilobyte JK5t1S8rhKE-00026-00005312-00005632 page TLB entries for application JK5t1S8rhKE-00027-00005512-00005887 programs and tasks JK5t1S8rhKE-00028-00005632-00005952 so the basic answer is using larger JK5t1S8rhKE-00029-00005887-00006216 pages JK5t1S8rhKE-00030-00005952-00006423 improves performance especially because JK5t1S8rhKE-00031-00006216-00006640 you might have a big blob of memory JK5t1S8rhKE-00032-00006423-00006808 such as an operating systems kernel JK5t1S8rhKE-00033-00006640-00007047 that's going to be always the same it's JK5t1S8rhKE-00034-00006808-00007247 not self-modifying or anything like that JK5t1S8rhKE-00035-00007047-00007408 and therefore by putting it in a cache JK5t1S8rhKE-00036-00007247-00007504 so that the virtual to physical JK5t1S8rhKE-00037-00007408-00007759 translation JK5t1S8rhKE-00038-00007504-00007920 is easily looked up every time you JK5t1S8rhKE-00039-00007759-00008159 transition from userspace to kernel JK5t1S8rhKE-00040-00007920-00008384 space such as while doing a system call JK5t1S8rhKE-00041-00008159-00008575 this will mean that you don't have to go JK5t1S8rhKE-00042-00008384-00008752 out and walk the page tables in memory JK5t1S8rhKE-00043-00008575-00008968 so it'll be significantly faster so JK5t1S8rhKE-00044-00008752-00009240 let's go ahead and look at what the TLB JK5t1S8rhKE-00045-00008968-00009440 is and why this improves performance JK5t1S8rhKE-00046-00009240-00009584 so back to this wikipedia page that we JK5t1S8rhKE-00047-00009440-00009792 had mentioned briefly before JK5t1S8rhKE-00048-00009584-00010007 we said that virtual addresses come JK5t1S8rhKE-00049-00009792-00010272 nominally from the CPU JK5t1S8rhKE-00050-00010007-00010456 and the MMU is responsible for walking JK5t1S8rhKE-00051-00010272-00010543 page tables and translating virtual JK5t1S8rhKE-00052-00010456-00010743 addresses JK5t1S8rhKE-00053-00010543-00010872 into physical addresses that it puts out JK5t1S8rhKE-00054-00010743-00011088 to RAM but JK5t1S8rhKE-00055-00010872-00011279 there is this side lookup with the TLB JK5t1S8rhKE-00056-00011088-00011536 the translation look aside buffer JK5t1S8rhKE-00057-00011279-00011736 which is a cache of virtual to physical JK5t1S8rhKE-00058-00011536-00012064 translations JK5t1S8rhKE-00059-00011736-00012224 so basically the point is every you know JK5t1S8rhKE-00060-00012064-00012439 remember the memory hierarchy JK5t1S8rhKE-00061-00012224-00012720 attempts to go out to RAM are more JK5t1S8rhKE-00062-00012439-00012895 costly than just using local caches or JK5t1S8rhKE-00063-00012720-00013144 using local registers JK5t1S8rhKE-00064-00012895-00013240 and so because a page table itself is JK5t1S8rhKE-00065-00013144-00013431 out in RAM JK5t1S8rhKE-00066-00013240-00013576 if there's some address in physical JK5t1S8rhKE-00067-00013431-00013719 memory like a kernel you're going to JK5t1S8rhKE-00068-00013576-00013904 access very frequently JK5t1S8rhKE-00069-00013719-00014087 you want to not have to walk a page JK5t1S8rhKE-00070-00013904-00014304 table just to find where the kernel is JK5t1S8rhKE-00071-00014087-00014608 in physical RAM so basically the TLB JK5t1S8rhKE-00072-00014304-00014808 improves performance because the MMU can JK5t1S8rhKE-00073-00014608-00015000 just consult the tables and they can try JK5t1S8rhKE-00074-00014808-00015159 different sizes and it can say JK5t1S8rhKE-00075-00015000-00015336 okay for this virtual address does it JK5t1S8rhKE-00076-00015159-00015576 exist in the 4 kilobyte JK5t1S8rhKE-00077-00015336-00015736 TLB no does it exist in the 4 JK5t1S8rhKE-00078-00015576-00015919 megabyte TLB yes JK5t1S8rhKE-00079-00015736-00016151 okay now that I see it exists in the JK5t1S8rhKE-00080-00015919-00016344 4 kilo 4 megabyte TLB JK5t1S8rhKE-00081-00016151-00016551 then I can just take the bottom 22 bits JK5t1S8rhKE-00082-00016344-00016712 of the address and OR it on to whatever JK5t1S8rhKE-00083-00016551-00016816 translation gets looked up from the JK5t1S8rhKE-00084-00016712-00017056 cache JK5t1S8rhKE-00085-00016816-00017272 and so essentially different TLB sizes JK5t1S8rhKE-00086-00017056-00017423 can be used in order to so 2 and JK5t1S8rhKE-00087-00017272-00017640 4 megabyte are never actually used at JK5t1S8rhKE-00088-00017423-00017831 the same time uh it's 2 megabytes for JK5t1S8rhKE-00089-00017640-00018015 the 64-bit stuff we care about JK5t1S8rhKE-00090-00017831-00018168 care about it was 4 megabyte back in JK5t1S8rhKE-00091-00018015-00018336 the old 32 JK5t1S8rhKE-00092-00018168-00018495 bit physical address extensions that we JK5t1S8rhKE-00093-00018336-00018672 didn't really cover in this class JK5t1S8rhKE-00094-00018495-00018848 so for all intents and purposes there's JK5t1S8rhKE-00095-00018672-00019112 just kind of you know 3 JK5t1S8rhKE-00096-00018848-00019215 possible caches that have to be looked JK5t1S8rhKE-00097-00019112-00019520 up in JK5t1S8rhKE-00098-00019215-00019695 and so once the MMU determines that it JK5t1S8rhKE-00099-00019520-00019959 does exist in the cache once it gets a JK5t1S8rhKE-00100-00019695-00020087 hit on a cache for the virtual address JK5t1S8rhKE-00101-00019959-00020287 then it can just say okay I'm going to JK5t1S8rhKE-00102-00020087-00020472 take the bottom 12 bits the bottom 22 JK5t1S8rhKE-00103-00020287-00020728 bits the bottom 30 bits JK5t1S8rhKE-00104-00020472-00020831 and just OR those together with the JK5t1S8rhKE-00105-00020728-00021000 particular JK5t1S8rhKE-00106-00020831-00021184 physical address that it got out of the JK5t1S8rhKE-00107-00021000-00021423 cache so in some sense you can think of JK5t1S8rhKE-00108-00021184-00021504 the TLB trying to achieve the same goal JK5t1S8rhKE-00109-00021423-00021768 that we saw JK5t1S8rhKE-00110-00021504-00021944 back in the segmentation registers where JK5t1S8rhKE-00111-00021768-00022079 they had a hidden portion and the whole JK5t1S8rhKE-00112-00021944-00022312 point was to say JK5t1S8rhKE-00113-00022079-00022536 we don't want to look up things from JK5t1S8rhKE-00114-00022312-00022768 tables like the GDT all the time JK5t1S8rhKE-00115-00022536-00022920 just here the TLB is saying we don't JK5t1S8rhKE-00116-00022768-00023064 want to look up things from the page JK5t1S8rhKE-00117-00022920-00023264 tables all the time JK5t1S8rhKE-00118-00023064-00023456 but whereas the segmentation was JK5t1S8rhKE-00119-00023264-00023608 relatively simple because JK5t1S8rhKE-00120-00023456-00023743 there was not all sorts of different JK5t1S8rhKE-00121-00023608-00023840 types of translations it's just JK5t1S8rhKE-00122-00023743-00024095 something that's JK5t1S8rhKE-00123-00023840-00024240 sort of set up once page tables are much JK5t1S8rhKE-00124-00024095-00024415 more complicated they're getting swapped JK5t1S8rhKE-00125-00024240-00024608 around between different processes JK5t1S8rhKE-00126-00024415-00024815 all the time so they behave more like JK5t1S8rhKE-00127-00024608-00025048 real caches and that they have JK5t1S8rhKE-00128-00024815-00025159 you know notions of associativity if JK5t1S8rhKE-00129-00025048-00025320 you've ever you know JK5t1S8rhKE-00130-00025159-00025559 studied real caches and if you don't it JK5t1S8rhKE-00131-00025320-00025688 doesn't matter all that matters is this JK5t1S8rhKE-00132-00025559-00025927 simple sort of picture JK5t1S8rhKE-00133-00025688-00026016 that I've given to give you a notion of JK5t1S8rhKE-00134-00025927-00026207 what it means JK5t1S8rhKE-00135-00026016-00026383 so if you had say a 32-bit linear JK5t1S8rhKE-00136-00026207-00026704 address and the address was JK5t1S8rhKE-00137-00026383-00026960 4f007700 JK5t1S8rhKE-00138-00026704-00027168 then it would basically take the top JK5t1S8rhKE-00139-00026960-00027432 part the 4f007 JK5t1S8rhKE-00140-00027168-00027656 it would try to find it in a TLB could JK5t1S8rhKE-00141-00027432-00027768 be the 4 kilobyte TLB could be the 4 JK5t1S8rhKE-00142-00027656-00028072 megabyte TLB JK5t1S8rhKE-00143-00027768-00028160 and if it gets a hit in the TLB then it JK5t1S8rhKE-00144-00028072-00028391 says okay JK5t1S8rhKE-00145-00028160-00028527 this virtual address corresponds to this JK5t1S8rhKE-00146-00028391-00028704 physical address JK5t1S8rhKE-00147-00028527-00028880 and then it's just going to OR that JK5t1S8rhKE-00148-00028704-00029216 together with this 700 JK5t1S8rhKE-00149-00028880-00029627 and so virtual address 4f007 JK5t1S8rhKE-00150-00029216-00029936 700 turns into 2bad JK5t1S8rhKE-00151-00029627-00030272 1700 because the base of the thing JK5t1S8rhKE-00152-00029936-00030327 is 1000 and then adding in the 700 JK5t1S8rhKE-00153-00030272-00030488 offset JK5t1S8rhKE-00154-00030327-00030768 gives you the location that it's trying JK5t1S8rhKE-00155-00030488-00030832 to access so basically a TLB is a very JK5t1S8rhKE-00156-00030768-00031112 simple JK5t1S8rhKE-00157-00030832-00031168 virtual page number to physical frame JK5t1S8rhKE-00158-00031112-00031391 number JK5t1S8rhKE-00159-00031168-00031536 lookup table it's more complicated but JK5t1S8rhKE-00160-00031391-00031688 that's that's all you really have to JK5t1S8rhKE-00161-00031536-00031968 think of it as JK5t1S8rhKE-00162-00031688-00032039 now one of the behaviors of the TLB is JK5t1S8rhKE-00163-00031968-00032344 that whenever JK5t1S8rhKE-00164-00032039-00032544 CR3 is set to a new value which as a JK5t1S8rhKE-00165-00032344-00032672 reminder only ring 0 can move a value JK5t1S8rhKE-00166-00032544-00032912 into CR3 JK5t1S8rhKE-00167-00032672-00033119 whenever that happens all TLB entries JK5t1S8rhKE-00168-00032912-00033400 which are not marked as global JK5t1S8rhKE-00169-00033119-00033608 are flushed so we had just very briefly JK5t1S8rhKE-00170-00033400-00033752 hit on the global flag and we just said JK5t1S8rhKE-00171-00033608-00033800 ah that's going to matter later on for JK5t1S8rhKE-00172-00033752-00034000 caching JK5t1S8rhKE-00173-00033800-00034103 and stuff and here is where it finally JK5t1S8rhKE-00174-00034000-00034424 matters JK5t1S8rhKE-00175-00034103-00034680 so basically in these entries JK5t1S8rhKE-00176-00034424-00034728 if they had the global bit set what it JK5t1S8rhKE-00177-00034680-00034968 means JK5t1S8rhKE-00178-00034728-00035103 is they essentially will survive a JK5t1S8rhKE-00179-00034968-00035372 context switch JK5t1S8rhKE-00180-00035103-00035496 it means when you tra when you swap from JK5t1S8rhKE-00181-00035372-00035816 notepad.exe JK5t1S8rhKE-00182-00035496-00036040 to you know svchost.exe JK5t1S8rhKE-00183-00035816-00036184 if some particular area of memory was JK5t1S8rhKE-00184-00036040-00036391 marked as global JK5t1S8rhKE-00185-00036184-00036496 that translation of virtual to physical JK5t1S8rhKE-00186-00036391-00036760 memory will JK5t1S8rhKE-00187-00036496-00036912 remain the same in the TLB and therefore JK5t1S8rhKE-00188-00036760-00037056 any attempts to look up JK5t1S8rhKE-00189-00036912-00037216 memory at that particular virtual JK5t1S8rhKE-00190-00037056-00037288 address will go to the same physical JK5t1S8rhKE-00191-00037216-00037456 address JK5t1S8rhKE-00192-00037288-00037688 even though you've just actually swapped JK5t1S8rhKE-00193-00037456-00038008 processes swapped page tables JK5t1S8rhKE-00194-00037688-00038208 and everything else so if that if if JK5t1S8rhKE-00195-00038008-00038416 page table entries or virtual to JK5t1S8rhKE-00196-00038208-00038696 physical translations survive JK5t1S8rhKE-00197-00038416-00038936 in the TLB between context switches you JK5t1S8rhKE-00198-00038696-00039096 need some way to actually kick them out JK5t1S8rhKE-00199-00038936-00039272 and the way that they get kicked out is JK5t1S8rhKE-00200-00039096-00039552 with a new assembly instruction JK5t1S8rhKE-00201-00039272-00039703 the invalidate page instruction so JK5t1S8rhKE-00202-00039552-00039791 basically you could have some global JK5t1S8rhKE-00203-00039703-00040016 area of memory JK5t1S8rhKE-00204-00039791-00040119 the most likely case would be something JK5t1S8rhKE-00205-00040016-00040328 like the JK5t1S8rhKE-00206-00040119-00040424 2 megabyte portion for the kernel JK5t1S8rhKE-00207-00040328-00040656 because JK5t1S8rhKE-00208-00040424-00040863 the operating system would like the you JK5t1S8rhKE-00209-00040656-00041024 know kernel virtual to physical JK5t1S8rhKE-00210-00040863-00041200 address translation to be exactly the JK5t1S8rhKE-00211-00041024-00041480 same between all the different processes JK5t1S8rhKE-00212-00041200-00041616 because they're going to because they're JK5t1S8rhKE-00213-00041480-00041791 all going to see you know the same sort JK5t1S8rhKE-00214-00041616-00041856 of entry points when they have system JK5t1S8rhKE-00215-00041791-00042119 calls JK5t1S8rhKE-00216-00041856-00042303 and so that's just an optimization thing JK5t1S8rhKE-00217-00042119-00042440 albeit an optimization thing that's had JK5t1S8rhKE-00218-00042303-00042591 to be changed a little bit because of JK5t1S8rhKE-00219-00042440-00042824 meltdown mitigations JK5t1S8rhKE-00220-00042591-00043016 but notionally you can imagine that you JK5t1S8rhKE-00221-00042824-00043152 know the kernel is just sitting around JK5t1S8rhKE-00222-00043016-00043384 at the same virtual to physical JK5t1S8rhKE-00223-00043152-00043575 translation between different processes JK5t1S8rhKE-00224-00043384-00043768 so what happens if you want to you know JK5t1S8rhKE-00225-00043575-00044024 force and kick out that particular JK5t1S8rhKE-00226-00043768-00044208 kernel virtual to physical translation JK5t1S8rhKE-00227-00044024-00044328 the kernel itself would have to use the JK5t1S8rhKE-00228-00044208-00044544 invalidate page JK5t1S8rhKE-00229-00044328-00044647 instruction to force something out of JK5t1S8rhKE-00230-00044544-00044919 the TLB JK5t1S8rhKE-00231-00044647-00045112 again as alluded to in the quote from JK5t1S8rhKE-00232-00044919-00045312 the 2008 manuals there are multiple JK5t1S8rhKE-00233-00045112-00045600 types of TLBs for different JK5t1S8rhKE-00234-00045312-00045703 sizes there's also different types for JK5t1S8rhKE-00235-00045600-00046008 data access JK5t1S8rhKE-00236-00045703-00046103 versus instruction access so data TLBs JK5t1S8rhKE-00237-00046008-00046440 DTLBs JK5t1S8rhKE-00238-00046103-00046656 and instruction TLBs ITLBs so JK5t1S8rhKE-00239-00046440-00046775 basically for data TLBs if you look at JK5t1S8rhKE-00240-00046656-00046936 the latest JK5t1S8rhKE-00241-00046775-00047103 chips you would see that it could have JK5t1S8rhKE-00242-00046936-00047191 you know up to 6 different types of JK5t1S8rhKE-00243-00047103-00047368 TLBs JK5t1S8rhKE-00244-00047191-00047496 you could have data TLBs for 4 JK5t1S8rhKE-00245-00047368-00047680 kilobyte access JK5t1S8rhKE-00246-00047496-00047816 2 or 4 megabyte access and 1 JK5t1S8rhKE-00247-00047680-00048047 gigabyte access JK5t1S8rhKE-00248-00047816-00048144 you could have instruction TLBs for 4 JK5t1S8rhKE-00249-00048047-00048400 kilobyte or JK5t1S8rhKE-00250-00048144-00048591 2 or 4 megabyte don't seem to have JK5t1S8rhKE-00251-00048400-00048775 any TLBs currently defined in the JK5t1S8rhKE-00252-00048591-00048880 manuals for the notion of 1 gigabyte JK5t1S8rhKE-00253-00048775-00049103 pages so JK5t1S8rhKE-00254-00048880-00049272 that means that basically intel is JK5t1S8rhKE-00255-00049103-00049559 assuming that no one's trying to map JK5t1S8rhKE-00256-00049272-00049712 1 gigabyte of a blob into memory that JK5t1S8rhKE-00257-00049559-00049919 always just sticks around which is JK5t1S8rhKE-00258-00049712-00050152 accurate as of today and then finally JK5t1S8rhKE-00259-00049919-00050456 there's the notion of shared TLB JK5t1S8rhKE-00260-00050152-00050656 or level 2 TLB which can actually be JK5t1S8rhKE-00261-00050456-00050775 shared between the instruction and data JK5t1S8rhKE-00262-00050656-00050952 TLBs so JK5t1S8rhKE-00263-00050775-00051119 different intel chips actually have JK5t1S8rhKE-00264-00050952-00051288 different caches different number of JK5t1S8rhKE-00265-00051119-00051408 entries and everything else and so you JK5t1S8rhKE-00266-00051288-00051576 actually have to look up JK5t1S8rhKE-00267-00051408-00051720 what's supported on a particular piece JK5t1S8rhKE-00268-00051576-00051912 of hardware so JK5t1S8rhKE-00269-00051720-00052303 for instance right now I'm doing this JK5t1S8rhKE-00270-00051912-00052639 class on an intel i9-9980HK JK5t1S8rhKE-00271-00052303-00052895 from my last generation of x86-based JK5t1S8rhKE-00272-00052639-00053151 macbook pros so when I looked up the JK5t1S8rhKE-00273-00052895-00053200 information with cpuid I found that it JK5t1S8rhKE-00274-00053151-00053632 says JK5t1S8rhKE-00275-00053200-00053744 it has 64 4 kilobyte entries in the data JK5t1S8rhKE-00276-00053632-00054127 TLB JK5t1S8rhKE-00277-00053744-00054408 and 32 2/4 megabyte entries JK5t1S8rhKE-00278-00054127-00054512 and 4 1 gigabyte entries it also JK5t1S8rhKE-00279-00054408-00054888 has 64 JK5t1S8rhKE-00280-00054512-00055239 4 kilobyte ITLB entries and 8 JK5t1S8rhKE-00281-00054888-00055400 2/4 ITLB entries but what was JK5t1S8rhKE-00282-00055239-00055608 interesting was when I looked at this JK5t1S8rhKE-00283-00055400-00055664 exact slide from my previous slides on JK5t1S8rhKE-00284-00055608-00056024 my much JK5t1S8rhKE-00285-00055664-00056295 older macbook pro it said it had 256 4 JK5t1S8rhKE-00286-00056024-00056504 kilobyte entries and 128 4 kilobyte JK5t1S8rhKE-00287-00056295-00056720 entries for D and I TLBs JK5t1S8rhKE-00288-00056504-00056824 so what gives like I was you know very JK5t1S8rhKE-00289-00056720-00057151 sad I said JK5t1S8rhKE-00290-00056824-00057376 why is my hardware going backwards JK5t1S8rhKE-00291-00057151-00057600 well the answer is because my hardware JK5t1S8rhKE-00292-00057376-00058127 is actually adding the shared TLB JK5t1S8rhKE-00293-00057600-00058344 that level 2 TLB which gives me 1536 JK5t1S8rhKE-00294-00058127-00058608 4/2 megabyte entries and JK5t1S8rhKE-00295-00058344-00058888 16 1 gigabyte entries so JK5t1S8rhKE-00296-00058608-00058936 all right well I have slightly less you JK5t1S8rhKE-00297-00058888-00059216 know JK5t1S8rhKE-00298-00058936-00059320 well because it's a shared TLB it can be JK5t1S8rhKE-00299-00059216-00059639 shared between D JK5t1S8rhKE-00300-00059320-00059791 and I so really I have way more DTLBs JK5t1S8rhKE-00301-00059639-00059983 and ITLBs than JK5t1S8rhKE-00302-00059791-00060167 I would previously have so it's all good JK5t1S8rhKE-00303-00059983-00060472 and that brings us to our mini lab I JK5t1S8rhKE-00304-00060167-00060760 want you to go edit your cpuid JK5t1S8rhKE-00305-00060472-00060912 and set the eax equal to 2 and then JK5t1S8rhKE-00306-00060760-00061207 print out all of the eax, JK5t1S8rhKE-00307-00060912-00061351 ebx, ecx, edx values and go into the JK5t1S8rhKE-00308-00061207-00061695 manual look at table JK5t1S8rhKE-00309-00061351-00061991 3-12 in the cpuid instruction page JK5t1S8rhKE-00310-00061695-00062055 and translate what your entries are JK5t1S8rhKE-00311-00061991-00062191 saying JK5t1S8rhKE-00312-00062055-00062391 basically it's going to be a bunch of JK5t1S8rhKE-00313-00062191-00062583 bytes and each of those bytes is telling JK5t1S8rhKE-00314-00062391-00062720 you something about what you support in JK5t1S8rhKE-00315-00062583-00063095 terms of TLBs JK5t1S8rhKE-00316-00062720-00063095 and also other caching types JM9fHH0yJ0E-00000-00000003-00000303 We've already spoken about the difference between instantaneous and JM9fHH0yJ0E-00001-00000303-00000774 average properties, and so if we look at a very small piece of time of time delta JM9fHH0yJ0E-00002-00000774-00001263 T, then our particle moves a distance Delta X, and our instantaneous velocity JM9fHH0yJ0E-00003-00001263-00001716 is going to be just that Delta x over delta T. So while you might use the JM9fHH0yJ0E-00004-00001716-00002261 formula that the velocity is a change in position over a change in time, it comes JM9fHH0yJ0E-00005-00002261-00002538 up in a lot of different contexts. You have to make sure whether you're talking JM9fHH0yJ0E-00006-00002538-00002997 about things like average velocity, or the instantaneous velocity. And of course, JM9fHH0yJ0E-00007-00002997-00003327 most commonly the velocity is changing over time, or there might be more than JM9fHH0yJ0E-00008-00003327-00003636 one things there's more than one velocity. So now you're dealing with a JM9fHH0yJ0E-00009-00003636-00003965 real problem, make sure that you draw a diagram, and make sure that you write JM9fHH0yJ0E-00010-00003965-00004260 this particular symbols you're talking about and you're very clear and use JM9fHH0yJ0E-00011-00004260-00004775 words to describe what you're talking about when you talk about these symbols. JpvRYDvou-y-00000-00000642-00000745 Meet James JpvRYDvou-y-00001-00000745-00001067 a General Manager at a retail store or a service provider.... JpvRYDvou-y-00002-00001067-00001230 let's say a fitness club JpvRYDvou-y-00003-00001230-00001438 He is facing a problem; JpvRYDvou-y-00004-00001438-00001680 while new membership sales remain strong, JpvRYDvou-y-00005-00001680-00002000 this growth is not reflected in the financial statements. JpvRYDvou-y-00006-00002001-00002334 James realizes that enrollments are abundant JpvRYDvou-y-00007-00002334-00002650 and the real challenge is battling his costly attrition rate! JpvRYDvou-y-00008-00002650-00002950 What could he do to lower the attrition rate? JpvRYDvou-y-00009-00002950-00003236 How could he identify at-risk members JpvRYDvou-y-00010-00003236-00003500 and address their problems before they deactivate? JpvRYDvou-y-00011-00003500-00003835 How could he strengthen relationships with his members JpvRYDvou-y-00012-00003835-00004020 while improving their experience? JpvRYDvou-y-00013-00004020-00004400 How could he expose members to everything the club has to offer, JpvRYDvou-y-00014-00004420-00004700 thereby maximizing ROI and customer attachment? JpvRYDvou-y-00015-00004700-00004900 How? JpvRYDvou-y-00016-00004900-00005170 James could address these questions if he had the tools JpvRYDvou-y-00017-00005200-00005300 to monitor the clubs' performance JpvRYDvou-y-00018-00005300-00005600 and individual members' satisfaction... JpvRYDvou-y-00019-00005700-00005800 in real time JpvRYDvou-y-00020-00005950-00006100 Take Sally for instance. JpvRYDvou-y-00021-00006100-00006300 Sally looks like an active and loyal member. JpvRYDvou-y-00022-00006300-00006650 but she will deactivate her membership in 2-3 months. JpvRYDvou-y-00023-00006750-00007220 By the time trainer Abby notices she isn't showing up to her Vinyasa yoga class, JpvRYDvou-y-00024-00007220-00007522 it's too late and the club lost the account. JpvRYDvou-y-00025-00007522-00007809 James needs a tool to analyze all signals JpvRYDvou-y-00026-00007809-00008109 and identify members like Sally. JpvRYDvou-y-00027-00008109-00008409 Information on members' behavior, interests, JpvRYDvou-y-00028-00008409-00008610 in-club time allocation, JpvRYDvou-y-00029-00008610-00008913 persona, and public social opinions could be used to JpvRYDvou-y-00030-00008913-00009040 renew their interest in the club JpvRYDvou-y-00031-00009040-00009350 and preserve their membership. JpvRYDvou-y-00032-00009350-00009500 So the next time Sally checks-in, JpvRYDvou-y-00033-00009517-00009822 James could have a discussion with her to figure out what's going on... JpvRYDvou-y-00034-00009822-00010160 Listen to her story, complaint or suggestion, JpvRYDvou-y-00035-00010160-00010400 And propose a solution. JpvRYDvou-y-00036-00010400-00010550 Sally feels great and realizes that JpvRYDvou-y-00037-00010550-00010940 James and his club care about her as an individual. JpvRYDvou-y-00038-00010943-00011120 James' wish came true. JpvRYDvou-y-00039-00011120-00011429 A real-time analytic solution does exist. JpvRYDvou-y-00040-00011429-00011580 It's simple too. JpvRYDvou-y-00041-00011580-00011800 It's called TRACE: JpvRYDvou-y-00042-00011800-00011900 Traffic JpvRYDvou-y-00043-00012000-00012200 Retention JpvRYDvou-y-00044-00012200-00012506 Attachment JpvRYDvou-y-00045-00012506-00012600 Conversion JpvRYDvou-y-00046-00012600-00012809 Engagement JpvRYDvou-y-00047-00012900-00013220 With TRACE, we will transform our clients' business model JpvRYDvou-y-00048-00013220-00013660 from one that reacts to consumers' needs, problems, and desires JpvRYDvou-y-00049-00013660-00013900 to one that anticipates these factors JpvRYDvou-y-00050-00013905-00014100 and seamlessly addresses them. JpvRYDvou-y-00051-00014100-00014450 Reunify enhances the nature of client interactions JpvRYDvou-y-00052-00014450-00014650 and redefines the General manager's role. JpvRYDvou-y-00053-00014719-00015030 Our technology is backed by 100 Terabytes of JpvRYDvou-y-00054-00015030-00015379 both on and offline data sources about consumers JpvRYDvou-y-00055-00015379-00015751 combined with clients' CRM data to provide unique JpvRYDvou-y-00056-00015751-00016065 insights about their consumers and determine actionable JpvRYDvou-y-00057-00016065-00016414 on site decisions to optimize consumer experience..... JpvRYDvou-y-00058-00016414-00016650 To find out more, visit JpvRYDvou-y-00059-00016650-00017076 www.reunify.net/products JP5A0kl8KPE-00000-00000100-00002300 [music] JPt-Nu41wXy-00000-00000021-00000556 Now rainbow facts--there's another way of referring to them and that simply sums JPt-Nu41wXy-00001-00000556-00001013 to 10--so its pairs of numbers which when you add them together you get 10. JPt-Nu41wXy-00002-00001013-00001113 So if we JPt-Nu41wXy-00003-00001113-00001782 write the numbers out from 0 to 10 in a line horizontally and then join together the pairs JPt-Nu41wXy-00004-00001782-00002376 of numbers which add together to make 10, whose sum is 10, we can see that we get this JPt-Nu41wXy-00005-00002376-00002949 nice rainbow sort of effect, 5 is on its own in the middle of course, because of double JPt-Nu41wXy-00006-00002949-00003088 5. JPt-Nu41wXy-00007-00003088-00003511 So that's the idea behind the "rainbow" and this is something that you could display JPt-Nu41wXy-00008-00003511-00003923 in the classroom, to help the students learn the facts. JPt-Nu41wXy-00009-00003923-00004075 Now I should point out again, a JPt-Nu41wXy-00010-00004075-00004603 bit like the doubles facts that I looked at recently, the rainbow facts don't actually JPt-Nu41wXy-00011-00004603-00005098 have a cognitive strategy; there isn't a way of thinking about these, "now ok, if I do JPt-Nu41wXy-00012-00005098-00005478 this and manipulate that I work out the rainbow fact". JPt-Nu41wXy-00013-00005478-00005662 It's more a of set of facts that are JPt-Nu41wXy-00014-00005662-00006181 really useful, that have, you know, a neat pattern to them, and so we want the students JPt-Nu41wXy-00015-00006181-00006675 to become familiar with this group of number facts, so the poster maybe helpful if you JPt-Nu41wXy-00016-00006675-00006988 wanted to make a poster like this in your classroom. JPt-Nu41wXy-00017-00006988-00007117 Another couple of strategies you JPt-Nu41wXy-00018-00007117-00008029 could use, one is to simply write out the pairs of facts like this, for the students, JPt-Nu41wXy-00019-00008029-00008524 and obviously ask them to work out what the answers are and so on, and they'll come back JPt-Nu41wXy-00020-00008524-00008887 and say "Oh look they're all the same" and we'll keep on going here. JPt-Nu41wXy-00021-00008887-00008987 Another thing the JPt-Nu41wXy-00022-00008987-00009359 students may notice, and I would probably ask them "What else can you see?", is that JPt-Nu41wXy-00023-00009359-00009992 the pairs are repeated in reverse order, so we have 4 and 6, and 6 and 4; 3 and 7, and JPt-Nu41wXy-00024-00009992-00010640 7 and 3; and of course that's the general principle of reversing addition number facts. JPt-Nu41wXy-00025-00010640-00011118 OK, so we can help the students with that, in fact if you think about it even if we include JPt-Nu41wXy-00026-00011118-00011561 "0 + 10", if I squeeze that in there, there are only six different number facts, we're JPt-Nu41wXy-00027-00011561-00012171 not talking about a large number of facts for the students to commit to memory. JPt-Nu41wXy-00028-00012171-00012271 Now JPt-Nu41wXy-00029-00012271-00012411 we can use the 10 frames for this. JPt-Nu41wXy-00030-00012411-00012704 Because the 10 frame already has 10 spaces and the JPt-Nu41wXy-00031-00012704-00013343 students are used to that, we could ask them to do a set of exercises where we say, "Fill JPt-Nu41wXy-00032-00013343-00013838 the 10 frame with two different colours, and then write down a number sentence for the JPt-Nu41wXy-00033-00013838-00013938 addition of the colours". JPt-Nu41wXy-00034-00013938-00014349 So here a child could say, "I've got 3 blue ones and 7 yellow JPt-Nu41wXy-00035-00014349-00014479 ones and that makes 10". JPt-Nu41wXy-00036-00014479-00014804 And so students can do a whole set of those and that would help JPt-Nu41wXy-00037-00014804-00015197 them to learn these number facts again. JPt-Nu41wXy-00038-00015197-00015460 The other thing to say about these facts is, although JPt-Nu41wXy-00039-00015460-00016085 they're, you know, a sort of somewhat interesting pattern, their real usefulness comes in to JPt-Nu41wXy-00040-00016085-00016250 handling money. JPt-Nu41wXy-00041-00016250-00016744 Because when we go shopping or if our students end up working in a shop, JPt-Nu41wXy-00042-00016744-00017162 and we have to work out change, the change is almost always taken away from a number JPt-Nu41wXy-00043-00017162-00017642 of tens, either in coins or notes, or 100. JPt-Nu41wXy-00044-00017642-00018066 So, for example, 100 take away 40, is a number JPt-Nu41wXy-00045-00018066-00018402 fact that we can learn from this set of rainbow facts. JPt-Nu41wXy-00046-00018402-00018574 So they're very very powerful, very JPt-Nu41wXy-00047-00018574-00019048 useful, we use them all the time in all sorts of mathematics as well as everyday life. JPt-Nu41wXy-00048-00019048-00019148 OK JPt-Nu41wXy-00049-00019148-00019397 that's it for this week, I hope you've enjoyed it, and I'll talk to you next time. JU1TB17g0xU-00000-00000016-00000256 Let's start by opening a denim material. JU1TB17g0xU-00001-00000472-00001064 I'll hide the Base Color preview and although we do have a Displacement map, JU1TB17g0xU-00002-00001064-00001592 we don't have a Normal map so let's see how to extract one from the Displacement map. JU1TB17g0xU-00003-00001696-00002376 I'll hide Displacement so that we can see the extracted Normal map and to do this JU1TB17g0xU-00004-00002376-00002808 we'll use the Extract tool as the method we select "From Displacements" JU1TB17g0xU-00005-00002888-00003224 and as source we select our currently open Displacement map. JU1TB17g0xU-00006-00003304-00003584 The Normal map was thus extracted. JU1TB17g0xU-00007-00003679-00004232 But now suppose that we didn't have a Displacement map and we'd need to JU1TB17g0xU-00008-00004232-00004688 extract it from our Normal map. I'll disable Normal map preview JU1TB17g0xU-00009-00004688-00005192 so that we can see the results and this is done also with the Extract tool. JU1TB17g0xU-00010-00005280-00005784 We first select the method "From Normals" and select our Normal map. JU1TB17g0xU-00011-00006080-00006495 The Displacement map was integrated from the Normal map. JU1TB17g0xU-00012-00006623-00007184 Some detail is missing, (we) can increase the detail JU1TB17g0xU-00013-00007256-00007688 and it now better captures the detail in the threads. JU1TB17g0xU-00014-00007904-00008416 If we'd be using both the Displacement map and the Normal map JU1TB17g0xU-00015-00008416-00008800 in a rendering we'd leave the high frequency detail JU1TB17g0xU-00016-00008800-00009552 for the Normal map, and use a somewhat blurred Displacement map with only the lower frequencies. JU1TB17g0xU-00017-00009552-00009984 Perhaps we should make the range smaller. JU1TB17g0xU-00018-00010280-00010320 Okay... JU1TB17g0xU-00019-00010768-00011320 And this is how we extract a Displacement map from a Normal map and the other way around. JYR2BJIVjJg-00000-00001458-00001727 >>> HELLO AND WELCOME TO MID-AMERICAN GARDENER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00001-00001727-00001998 WE ARE SO GLAD THAT YOU HAVE JOINED US. JYR2BJIVjJg-00002-00001998-00002313 WE LOVE TALKING ABOUT PLANTS EVERY WEEK OF THE YEAR. JYR2BJIVjJg-00003-00002313-00002689 WE WANT TO HEAR WHAT YOUR QUESTIONS ARE, AND WE ARE LOOKING FORWARD TO THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00004-00002689-00002902 WELL, BEFORE THAT, I WILL INTRODUCE MYSELF. JYR2BJIVjJg-00005-00002902-00003013 I AM DIANNE NOLAND. JYR2BJIVjJg-00006-00003013-00003476 I TEACH HORTICULTURE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS IN THE CROP SCIENCES DEPARTMENT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00007-00003476-00003840 SO I WILL HANDLE CUT FLOWER QUESTIONS, PERENNIALS, ETCETERA. JYR2BJIVjJg-00008-00003840-00004104 BUT I HAVE THREE TALENTED FOLKS HERE WITH ME. JYR2BJIVjJg-00009-00004104-00004305 I JUST CAN'T WAIT TO INTRODUCE THEM. JYR2BJIVjJg-00010-00004305-00004676 LET'S FIND OUT WHO THEY ARE, AND THEY WILL ANSWER AN E-MAIL OR HAVE A SHOW AND TELL AS JYR2BJIVjJg-00011-00004676-00004776 WELL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00012-00004776-00004880 LET'S START FIRST WITH CHUCK VOIGT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00013-00004880-00004987 HI, CHUCK. JYR2BJIVjJg-00014-00004987-00005096 >> HI, DIANNE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00015-00005096-00005372 IT IS GREAT TO BE HERE! JYR2BJIVjJg-00016-00005372-00005644 I AM IN THE CROP SCIENCES DEPARTMENT ALSO. JYR2BJIVjJg-00017-00005644-00006172 I TEACH HORTICULTURE, VEGETABLES AND HERBS ARE MY SPECIALTIES, BUT I WENT THROUGH THE JYR2BJIVjJg-00018-00006172-00006606 CURRICULUM, SO I AM PRETTY GOOD ON LOTS OF THINGS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00019-00006606-00007586 TONIGHT I'D LIKE TO SHOW THIS AND SOME OF THE PEOPLE ON THE PANEL GUESSED PARSNIP, BUT JYR2BJIVjJg-00020-00007586-00007743 IT IS CLOSELY RELATED TO THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00021-00007743-00008419 IT IS ACTUALLY ROOT PARSLEY WHICH IS JUST A DERIVATIVE OF THE PARSLEY THAT WE EAT ALL JYR2BJIVjJg-00022-00008419-00008551 THE TIME. JYR2BJIVjJg-00023-00008551-00009251 HAS A PARSLEY FLAVOR IN THE ROOT, MAYBE LITTLE BIT OF A NUTTINESS TO IT, NOT REALLY LIKE JYR2BJIVjJg-00024-00009251-00009992 A PARSNIP, BUT THAT SAME SWEET KIND OF NICELY MELTING FLESH IN THERE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00025-00009992-00010217 NICE CHANGE OF PACE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00026-00010217-00010837 THE TOPS YOU COULD PROBABLY USE AS A SEASONING, TOO, IF YOU REALLY NEEDED TO, SORT OF LIKE JYR2BJIVjJg-00027-00010837-00011216 A FLAT LEAFED PARSLEY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00028-00011216-00012076 WHILE WE ARE TALKING ABOUT HERBS, I REALLY DO WANT TO TELL PEOPLE THAT MY VERY FINAL JYR2BJIVjJg-00029-00012076-00012771 HERB DAY PROGRAM WILL BE THIS JANUARY 23RD HERE IN URBANA, AND NOW IS THE TIME TO START JYR2BJIVjJg-00030-00012771-00012958 REGISTERING FOR THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00031-00012958-00013591 THERE IS AN ONLINE THING, BUT IT IS A LONG, LONG ADDRESS I CAN'T EVER REMEMBER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00032-00013591-00014805 YOU CAN CALL MY SECRETARY LINDA HARVEY AT (217)244-1693. JYR2BJIVjJg-00033-00014805-00015430 SHE CAN GET YOU HOOKED UP TO DO ONLINE RESERVATIONS OR WHATEVER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00034-00015430-00016166 ALSO, LHARVEY@ILLINOIS ILLINOIS.EDU WILL DO THE TRICK AS WELL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00035-00016166-00016554 WE WILL GET YOU IN THE SWING FOR THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00036-00016554-00016893 DIANNE IS USUALLY THERE HAVING FUN WITH US. JYR2BJIVjJg-00037-00016893-00017459 BECAUSE THIS IS THE LAST YEAR WE HAVE EXPANDED THE PROGRAM, AND PROBABLY BE MORE MUSIC. JYR2BJIVjJg-00038-00017459-00017565 >> STAR STUDDED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00039-00017565-00018158 >> FIVE OF MY FAVORITE HERB PEOPLE FROM ACROSS THE COUNTRY, I WILL BE SINGING A LITTLE BIT, JYR2BJIVjJg-00040-00018158-00018895 AND RETAIL AREA WOULD BE CHOCKFUL OF FUN THINGS TO BUY AND GET READY FOR NEXT SEASON. JYR2BJIVjJg-00041-00018895-00019470 COME AND CELEBRATE THE 17TH AND FINAL U OF I HERB DAY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00042-00019470-00019665 >> JANUARY 23, 2016. JYR2BJIVjJg-00043-00019665-00020086 HERB DAY IS JUST A GREAT WAY TO BREAK UP WINTER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00044-00020086-00020308 I GUESS IT IS -- IF WE HAVE WINTER! JYR2BJIVjJg-00045-00020308-00020790 BUT ANYWAY A GREAT WAY TO BREAK UP THE NON-ACTIVE GARDENING SEASON. JYR2BJIVjJg-00046-00020790-00020968 LET'S PUT IT THAT WAY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00047-00020968-00021068 THANK YOU, CHUCK. JYR2BJIVjJg-00048-00021068-00021168 VERY MUCH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00049-00021168-00021268 LET'S GO TO DAVID ROBSON. JYR2BJIVjJg-00050-00021268-00021368 HI, DAVID. JYR2BJIVjJg-00051-00021368-00021470 >> THANKS, DIANNE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00052-00021470-00021806 I AM DAVID ROBSON AND I AM ALSO WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00053-00021806-00022306 I AM A PESTICIDE SPECIALIST AND GENERAL HORTICULTURALIST. JYR2BJIVjJg-00054-00022306-00022679 I CAN HANDLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00055-00022679-00023205 CHUCK, DO YOU COOK OR EAT THE ROOT OF THE PARSLEY? JYR2BJIVjJg-00056-00023205-00023816 >> MORE OFTEN IT GETS COOKED, BUT I THINK YOU COULD, AS WITH PARSNIPS, YOU COULD CLEAN JYR2BJIVjJg-00057-00023816-00024364 IT UP A LITTLE BIT AND GRATE IT INTO SOMETHING OR CHOP IT AND PUT IT IN SOUP. JYR2BJIVjJg-00058-00024364-00024469 FRESH OR COOKED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00059-00024469-00024794 BUT PROBABLY MORE OFTEN COOKED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00060-00024794-00025375 >> MY QUESTION DEALS WITH REGULAR VIEWER WHO WANTS TO KNOW ABOUT WATERING TREES AND SHRUBS JYR2BJIVjJg-00061-00025375-00025589 DURING THE WINTERTIME. JYR2BJIVjJg-00062-00025589-00025811 IS THERE SPECIFIC PROCESS? JYR2BJIVjJg-00063-00025811-00026343 HOW MUCH WATER, WHEN TO WATER, WHAT HAPPENS IF THE TEMPERATURE STAYS BELOW 20 DEGREES JYR2BJIVjJg-00064-00026343-00026738 FOR EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME, DO I WATER? JYR2BJIVjJg-00065-00026738-00027261 IN SHORT, HOW DO YOU TAKE CARE OF PLANTS YOU PLANT IN THE WINTERTIME MAKE SURE THEY DON'T JYR2BJIVjJg-00066-00027261-00027497 TURN BROWN. JYR2BJIVjJg-00067-00027497-00027674 WATERING IS IMPORTANT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00068-00027674-00028149 GOING INTO THE WINTER MAKING SURE THERE IS ENOUGH WATER AROUND THE ROOT SYSTEM WILL BE JYR2BJIVjJg-00069-00028149-00028266 GREAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00070-00028266-00028677 ONCE THE SOIL IS FROZEN, THE ROOTS AREN'T GOING TO ABSORB MUCH WATER OF IF YOU WATER JYR2BJIVjJg-00071-00028677-00029044 WHEN IT IS 20 BELOW, YOU WILL PUDDLE ON TOP OF THE GROUND. JYR2BJIVjJg-00072-00029044-00029552 IF YOU ARE DOING IT AROUND TREES AND SHRUBS, CAN YOU ACTUALLY KILL THE CROWN OF THE PLANT JYR2BJIVjJg-00073-00029552-00030208 WITH THE FREEZING AND THAWING OF THAT WATER AROUND THAT BASE OF THAT TREE OR SHRUB. JYR2BJIVjJg-00074-00030208-00030719 PRIOR TO THE GROUND FREEZING, THOUGH, MAKE SURE THAT GROUND IS SATURATED, NOT SOGGY OR JYR2BJIVjJg-00075-00030719-00030831 EXCESSIVELY WET. JYR2BJIVjJg-00076-00030831-00031474 THAT CAN CAUSE THE ROOTS TO SHATTER DURING THE WINTERTIME, DURING THE FREEZING AND THAWING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00077-00031474-00031980 IT WOULD APPLY TOW PERENNIALS YOU MAY HAVE PLANTED IN THE FALL, BULBS YOU MAY HAVE PLANTED JYR2BJIVjJg-00078-00031980-00032094 IN THE FALL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00079-00032094-00032645 IF YOU PLANTED BLACKBERRY PLANTS RECENTLY, PUT THEM IN THE GROUND AND MAKE SURE THEY JYR2BJIVjJg-00080-00032645-00033436 ARE WELL WATERED FOR NEWLY PLANTED TREES OR SHRUBS, DOESN'T HURT TO MULCH THEM FOR WINTERTIME. JYR2BJIVjJg-00081-00033436-00033930 ROOTS GROW BEST WHEN THE GROUND IS BETWEEN FREEZING AND 65 DEGREES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00082-00033930-00034497 LONGER YOU CAN KEEP THE SOIL FROM FREEZING, THOSE ROOTS WILL KEEP GROWING AND BECOME ESTABLISHED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00083-00034497-00035082 VERY GOOD, AND IT COVERED THE WHOLE GAMUT OF THINGS WE COULD HAVE PLANTED LATE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00084-00035082-00035227 >> EXCEPT GRASS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00085-00035227-00035350 >> EXACTLY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00086-00035350-00035590 >> BUT WATERING THE GRASS IS OKAY, TOO. JYR2BJIVjJg-00087-00035590-00035862 >> WHICH IT WILL GET -- >> SOME OF IT IS GROWING REALLY WELL RIGHT JYR2BJIVjJg-00088-00035862-00036050 NOW WITH THESE TEMPERATURES SINCE WE HAVEN'T -- JYR2BJIVjJg-00089-00036050-00036261 >> I HEARD MOWING TODAY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00090-00036261-00036709 >> SO DID I. WHEN I WAS ATTENDING THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, JYR2BJIVjJg-00091-00036709-00037464 THEY PLANTED GRASS SEED ON THANKSGIVING AND WATERED IT FOR THE NEXT SIX WEEKS UP AND GROWING JYR2BJIVjJg-00092-00037464-00038027 TO AN INCH, TURN THE WATER OFF AND LET THE SNOW GET IT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00093-00038027-00038127 >> PERENNIAL RYE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00094-00038127-00038452 >> NO, BLUE GRASS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00095-00038452-00038642 >> YOU HAVE TO WAIT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00096-00038642-00038742 >> YEAH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00097-00038742-00039363 I COULDN'T BELIEVE THEY DID IT SO LATE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00098-00039363-00039859 >> HEY, PERSON WHO TALKED ABOUT NEBRASKA, WHO MIGHT BE YOU BE, OH, THIS IS JIM SCHUSTER, JYR2BJIVjJg-00099-00039859-00040067 INTRODUCE YOURSELF AND YOUR E-MAIL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00100-00040067-00040572 >> I AM JIM SCHUSTER, RETIRED CROP SCIENCE WORKER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00101-00040572-00041021 I MAJORED IN HORTICULTURE AND PLANT PATHOLOGY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00102-00041021-00041511 MY QUESTION TONIGHT IS WEEPING CHERRY AND WHY IT DIED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00103-00041511-00042149 IT WAS BASICALLY BEAUTIFUL UP UNTIL LAST YEAR, AND THREE-FOURTHS OF THE TREE DIED DURING JYR2BJIVjJg-00104-00042149-00042249 THE SUMMER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00105-00042249-00042711 BY THE END OF THE SUMMER, LAST PART OF THE TREE FINISHED DYING AND WANTED TO KNOW WHY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00106-00042711-00043111 THERE ARE TWO MAJOR -- I MEAN LOTS OF REASONS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00107-00043111-00043572 TWO MAJOR ONES THAT WILL KILL A CHERRY TREE AND BASICALLY ANYTHING IN THE PRUNUS FAMILY, JYR2BJIVjJg-00108-00043572-00043972 OR GENUS, AND THAT'S BORERS AND CANKERS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00109-00043972-00044493 BOTH ARE DRAWN TO YOUR TREE BECAUSE YOUR TREE IS UNDER STRESS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00110-00044493-00044991 DAVE MENTIONED BEFORE WINTER CAN KILL A TREE, AND DIDN'T OUT LIGHT KILL IT, BUT STRESSES JYR2BJIVjJg-00111-00044991-00045987 THE TREE TO ALLOW THE CANKER TO COME IN, AND THIS DROUGHT, FLOODING, PLANTED TOO DEEP, JYR2BJIVjJg-00112-00045987-00046278 GIRDLING, ANYTHING THAT WILL STRESS A TREE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00113-00046278-00046525 ONE OTHER THING THAT IS A STRESS ON TREE IS AGE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00114-00046525-00047253 IT IS NOT UNCOMMON THAT ANY OF THE TREES IN THE PRUNUS GENUS WHEN THEY ARE OVER TEN, 12 JYR2BJIVjJg-00115-00047253-00047458 YEARS OF AGE AREN'T STRESSED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00116-00047458-00047974 THEREFORE, THEY TEND TO HAVE A SHORT LIFE BECAUSE OF THE BORERS AND CANKERS ATTACKING JYR2BJIVjJg-00117-00047974-00048086 THEM. JYR2BJIVjJg-00118-00048086-00048612 BORERS ATTACK NEITHER SOIL LINE, FOUR TO FIVE INCHES, BELOW, OR ABOVE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00119-00048612-00049408 CANKERS ON ANY PART OF THE TREE AND BOTH WILL CAUSE BLEEDING ON THE TRUNK. JYR2BJIVjJg-00120-00049408-00049646 >> AND EVENTUALLY DEATH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00121-00049646-00049746 >> YES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00122-00049746-00049846 >> OKAY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00123-00049846-00049946 VERY GOOD. JYR2BJIVjJg-00124-00049946-00050289 WOW, WE HAD NICELY, INTERESTING E-MAILS AND SHOW AND TELLS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00125-00050289-00050991 LET'S GO TO THE "DID YOU KNOW" VIDEO SECTION NEXT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00126-00050991-00051522 >> THE WORLD'S OLDEST LIVING ROSE BUSH IS THOUGHT TO BE ONE THOUSAND YEARS OLD. JYR2BJIVjJg-00127-00051522-00052507 TODAY, IT CONTINUES TO BLOOM ON THE WALL OF THE HILDESHEIM WALL IN GERMANY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00128-00052507-00052607 >> THAT IS AMAZING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00129-00052607-00052744 >> YES, IT IS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00130-00052744-00053219 >> LET'S GO TO THE PHONE LINES BE AND WE WANT TO GO TO QUINN'S QUESTION OR COMMENT ABOUT JYR2BJIVjJg-00131-00053219-00053382 WEEDS ON LINE TWO. JYR2BJIVjJg-00132-00053382-00053482 HI, QUINN. JYR2BJIVjJg-00133-00053482-00053582 >>CALLER: HELLO. JYR2BJIVjJg-00134-00053582-00053682 THANK YOU ALL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00135-00053682-00053942 SO GLAD I GOT THROUGH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00136-00053942-00054171 GLAD I GOT THROUGH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00137-00054171-00054271 >> WITH ENTHUSIASM, OKAY! JYR2BJIVjJg-00138-00054271-00054645 >> >>CALLER: I HAVE A LARGE LOT, I SIT ON TWO JYR2BJIVjJg-00139-00054645-00054745 LOTS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00140-00054745-00054988 THIS IS ALL NEW TO ME. JYR2BJIVjJg-00141-00054988-00056001 THIS SUMMER I HAD WEEDS THAT COCKLEBURS, STICKY THINGS THAT GET INTO MY LITTLE DOG'S HAIR. JYR2BJIVjJg-00142-00056001-00056459 I WAS WONDERING WHAT CAN I DO THIS YEAR TO KEEP THEM FROM COMING BACK, WHAT DO I NEED JYR2BJIVjJg-00143-00056459-00056599 TO DO, WHAT DO I NEED TO PUT DOWN? JYR2BJIVjJg-00144-00056599-00056957 IF I STEP ON THEM, THEY ARE HARD TO KILL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00145-00056957-00057086 I TRIED WEED KILLER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00146-00057086-00057290 WHAT SHOULD I DO? JYR2BJIVjJg-00147-00057290-00057851 >> I AM GOING TO SAY IF SHE HAS TRIED WEED KILLER AND DIDN'T REALLY WORK, SHE NEEDS TO JYR2BJIVjJg-00148-00057851-00058296 GO WITH STRONGER WEED KILLER SPOT TREATING THOSE WEEDS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00149-00058296-00059059 YOU LOCATE THOSE WEEDS, AND SOMETHING LIKE GLYPHOSATE SOLD AS ROUND UP OR CLEAN UP MIGHT JYR2BJIVjJg-00150-00059059-00059553 BE THE BEST PRODUCT TO USE, ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTIONS ON THE LABEL, DON'T MAKE IT ANY JYR2BJIVjJg-00151-00059553-00059837 STRONGER THAN WHAT IT SAYS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00152-00059837-00060007 THERE IS A COUPLE WAYS YOU CAN APPLY IT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00153-00060007-00060262 YOU CAN PUT IT IN A SPRAYER AND DIRECT THE SPRAY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00154-00060262-00061100 I HAVE SEEN PEOPLE TAKE A BROOMSTICK, ATTACH A CLOTH, LIKE WASHCLOTH OR SPONGE TO IT AND JYR2BJIVjJg-00155-00061100-00061563 USE IT AS A DABBER AND JUST GO OUT AND DAB EACH OF THOSE WEEDS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00156-00061563-00061982 REMEMBER THAT IF IT STARTS DRIPPING AND DRIPPING AROUND THE GRASS, YOU WILL SEE THE NICE LITTLE JYR2BJIVjJg-00157-00061982-00062347 DEAD STRIP IN THE GRASS, TOO. JYR2BJIVjJg-00158-00062347-00062602 IT SHOULD KILL THE WEEDS AND ALL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00159-00062602-00062945 >> I HAVE A COMMENT AS WELL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00160-00062945-00063163 LEARN TO IDENTIFY COCKLEBUR. JYR2BJIVjJg-00161-00063163-00063477 IT IS SUPER EASY TO PULL YOUNG. JYR2BJIVjJg-00162-00063477-00064142 THEY HAVE INTERESTING, NOT THAT I KNOW THIS BY FIRSTHAND, BUT INTERESTING PURPLISH FLECKS JYR2BJIVjJg-00163-00064142-00064413 ON THEM WHEN THEY ARE SMALL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00164-00064413-00064640 ONCE YOU LEARN WHAT THEY ARE, THEY VERY EASE TO PULL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00165-00064640-00065076 >> YOU CAN PULL ANY PLANT AS OPPOSED TO USING CHEMICAL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00166-00065076-00065229 THAT'S THE BEST THING TO DO. JYR2BJIVjJg-00167-00065229-00065544 >> YOU HAVE TO LEARN WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE FIRST. JYR2BJIVjJg-00168-00065544-00065826 AND THAT'S USUALLY AFTER YOU REALIZE YOU HAVE THE PROBLEM. JYR2BJIVjJg-00169-00065826-00065987 >> HOW WELL DO THEY STAND UP TO MOWING? JYR2BJIVjJg-00170-00065987-00066582 >> I WAS GOING TO SAY, IF SHE MOWS REGULARLY, SHE WILL NOT HAVE THE SEED AND THAT WILL PROTECT JYR2BJIVjJg-00171-00066582-00067042 THE DOG SOMEWHAT BECAUSE IT DOESN'T -- IT IS NOT LIKE CRAB GRASS THAT WILL CREEP ALONG JYR2BJIVjJg-00172-00067042-00067142 THE GROUND. JYR2BJIVjJg-00173-00067142-00067275 IT IS UP RIGHT WEED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00174-00067275-00067544 >> IF YOU SEE THE COCKLEBURS IN THE GRASS, GET RID OF THEM. JYR2BJIVjJg-00175-00067544-00067917 THEY HAVE A LONG GERMINATION TIME. JYR2BJIVjJg-00176-00067917-00068342 >> AND FAIRLY UNIQUE WHEN THEY FIRST UNFURL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00177-00068342-00068860 >> I WOULD REMOVE THOSE BECAUSE THAT HURTS, AND I AM SURE THE ANIMALS HATE THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00178-00068860-00068979 OH, BOY! JYR2BJIVjJg-00179-00068979-00069345 QUINN, THAT WAS A GREAT QUESTION AND SPECIFIC WEED COCKLEBUR. JYR2BJIVjJg-00180-00069345-00069605 ITS NOT A FUN ONE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00181-00069605-00070089 LET'S GO ON TO LINE 3, AND BILL HAS A QUESTION ABOUT HIBISCUS OR A COMMENT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00182-00070089-00070189 HI, BILL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00183-00070189-00070635 >>CALLER: HELLO WE HAVE HIBISCUS PLANT WE HAD FOR SIX MONTHS OUTDOORS, AND IT JUST BLOOMED JYR2BJIVjJg-00184-00070635-00070735 BEAUTIFULLY ALL SUMMER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00185-00070735-00071596 WE MOVED IT INTO THE HOUSE IN THE LIVING ROOM AND BLOOMED BEAUTIFULLY UNTIL A FEW DAYS AGO, JYR2BJIVjJg-00186-00071596-00072306 STOPPED BLOOMING ENTIRELY AND STOPPED PUTTING OUT LEAVES INSTEAD OF BUDS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00187-00072306-00072694 IS THAT SOMETHING TO BE EXPECTED? JYR2BJIVjJg-00188-00072694-00073072 >> I WOULD SAY IT IS PROBABLY THE REDUCED LIGHT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00189-00073072-00073294 REDUCED HUMIDITY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00190-00073294-00073491 SO I WOULD SAY THAT'S TO BE EXPECTED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00191-00073491-00073724 WERE THEY THE BRIGHT SHINY LEAVES? JYR2BJIVjJg-00192-00073724-00073926 >>CALLER: YES, THEY ARE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00193-00073926-00074101 >> THAT'S THE TROPICAL ONE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00194-00074101-00074717 AND IF YOU DON'T HAVE -- PUT IT IN THE HIGHEST LIGHT PLACE YOU CAN POSSIBLY GET IN THE HOUSE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00195-00074717-00075174 >> WITH DO WELL UNDER FLUORESCENT LIGHT 16 HOURS A DAY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00196-00075174-00075287 >> THEY WOULD. JYR2BJIVjJg-00197-00075287-00075807 MIGHT BE MORE COMMITMENT THAN MOST PEOPLE WANT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00198-00075807-00076133 >> WHEN YOU BRING IT IN, BE AWARE OF INSECTS YOU BRING IN. JYR2BJIVjJg-00199-00076133-00076865 IF YOU SEE SAP START DRIPPING, AND THEN MAYBE LOSING SOME OF THE OLDER LEAVES ALSO DUE TO JYR2BJIVjJg-00200-00076865-00077194 THE FACT OF REDUCED LIGHT INTEREST OUTSIDE TO INSIDE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00201-00077194-00077299 >> REMOVE THOSE LEAVES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00202-00077299-00077717 TAKE THEM OFF AND HOPEFULLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEFT WILL DO GREAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00203-00077717-00077855 >> PUT IT OUTSIDE NEXT SPRING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00204-00077855-00077961 >> THAT'S RIGHT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00205-00077961-00078061 OKAY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00206-00078061-00078193 THANK YOU, BILL, FOR YOUR QUESTION. JYR2BJIVjJg-00207-00078193-00078662 AND LET'S GO TO LINE 4, NATHAN HAS CREEPING CHARLIE! JYR2BJIVjJg-00208-00078662-00078889 OKAY, NATHAN. JYR2BJIVjJg-00209-00078889-00078989 HI THERE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00210-00078989-00079089 >>CALLER: HI. JYR2BJIVjJg-00211-00079089-00079983 YEAH, I HAVE DOGS, AND I DIDN'T TREAT MY LAWN FOR WEEDS AS MUCH THIS SUMMER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00212-00079983-00080351 CREEPING CHARLIE HAD CAME OVER AND KIND OF TAKEN OVER HALF MY YARD. JYR2BJIVjJg-00213-00080351-00081329 I WONDER HOW I GO ABOUT KILLING IT OR DO I SEED THE YARD AND TRY TO KILL IT NEXT SPRING? JYR2BJIVjJg-00214-00081329-00081515 HOW DO I GO ABOUT GETTING RID OF CREEPING CHARLIE? JYR2BJIVjJg-00215-00081515-00081722 >> WHO WANTS TO START. JYR2BJIVjJg-00216-00081722-00082211 >> WE PREFER TO CALL IT GROUND IVY, RATHER THAN CREEPING CHARLIE! JYR2BJIVjJg-00217-00082211-00082311 (LAUGHING). JYR2BJIVjJg-00218-00082311-00082499 >> OH, DUH! JYR2BJIVjJg-00219-00082499-00082691 >> YES, CHUCK. JYR2BJIVjJg-00220-00082691-00082883 >> CREEPING CHUCK! JYR2BJIVjJg-00221-00082883-00083441 >> WE DIDN'T SAY CREEPY CHUCK, I MEAN CHARLIE! JYR2BJIVjJg-00222-00083441-00083541 (LAUGHING). JYR2BJIVjJg-00223-00083541-00083714 >> GROUND IVY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00224-00083714-00083814 >> NEVER MIND THAT! JYR2BJIVjJg-00225-00083814-00084166 (LAUGHING) GO AHEAD WITH HOW TO TAKE CARE OF GROUND IVY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00226-00084166-00084738 >> I HAVEN'T HAD TREMENDOUS SUCCESS SINCE THEY TOOK SILVEX OFF THE MARKET. JYR2BJIVjJg-00227-00084738-00085633 >> I HAD IT IN MY YARD, AND I SPRAYED EVERY TEN TO 14 DAYS UNTIL IT STARTED DYING BACK. JYR2BJIVjJg-00228-00085633-00086220 WITH YOUR DOG, THOUGH, RECOMMENDATION IS DON'T LET THEM OUT UNTIL IT HAS DRIED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00229-00086220-00086642 IF YOUR DOG CHEWS ON GRASS REGULAR BASIS, YOU WILL HAVE TO KEEP GOOD EYE ON THERE THAT JYR2BJIVjJg-00230-00086642-00087007 HE IS NOT CHEWING IN THE AREA THAT YOU TREAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00231-00087007-00087380 >> I HAD IT AND JUST MADE A BIG PATIO IN MY BACKYARD. JYR2BJIVjJg-00232-00087380-00087760 SERIOUSLY, THAT WAS ONE OF THE REASONS I WENT THAT ROUTE, LIKE CHUCK SAID, IT WAS GOING JYR2BJIVjJg-00233-00087760-00088157 TO BE NEXT TO IMPOSSIBLE TO CONTROL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00234-00088157-00088860 >> SOME PEOPLE DO THE SPRAY AND MOWING HIGH, AND, OF COURSE, ALWAYS WEEDING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00235-00088860-00089220 IT SPREADS BY THE STEMS, BUT ALSO DROPS SEED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00236-00089220-00089736 EVEN IF YOU SUCCESSFULLY KILL ALL THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH, YOU STILL GOT SEEDS THAT WILL GIVE JYR2BJIVjJg-00237-00089736-00089836 YOU TROUBLE COMING BACK. JYR2BJIVjJg-00238-00089836-00090400 AND BIRDS LOVE TO GIVE IT TO THE -- ADD IT TO YOUR LANDSCAPE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00239-00090400-00090913 >> DEFINITELY DO NOT THINK "OH, I WILL TILL THIS UP" BECAUSE THEN YOU HAVE TEN THOUSAND JYR2BJIVjJg-00240-00090913-00091292 PIECES AND YOU HAVE A NICE CARPET. JYR2BJIVjJg-00241-00091292-00091798 LONG TIME AGO, WASN'T THERE -- IT WAS BROUGHT INTO THE UNITED STATES AS A GROUND COVER, JYR2BJIVjJg-00242-00091798-00091898 WASN'T IT? JYR2BJIVjJg-00243-00091898-00091998 >> YES, FOR ORNAMENTAL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00244-00091998-00092381 >> I PLANTED IT ON THE WHOLE FARM AS A GROUND COVER, NOT KNOWING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00245-00092381-00092888 >> DIDN'T REALIZE HOW WELL IT WOULD DO. JYR2BJIVjJg-00246-00092888-00093351 >> WHEN YOU HAVE ONE SMALL, OKAY, BUT OVER THE YARD, NOT SO MUCH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00247-00093351-00094063 >> IT MAYBE ONGOING HOBBY TO TAKE CARE OF THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00248-00094063-00094330 ALL RIGHT, THANK YOU FOR THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00249-00094330-00094864 THERE IS MANY-FOLD WAY TO TRY TO GET RID OF IT, INCLUDING MOVING! JYR2BJIVjJg-00250-00094864-00095618 (LAUGHING) LET'S GO TO LINE 5, AND ED HAS A HICKORY TREE QUESTION. JYR2BJIVjJg-00251-00095618-00095777 LINE FIVE, HI, ED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00252-00095777-00095899 >>CALLER: YES, DIANE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00253-00095899-00096141 THANK YOU FOR LETTING ME IN ON THIS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00254-00096141-00096271 >> YOU ARE WELCOME. JYR2BJIVjJg-00255-00096271-00096598 >>CALLER: I HAVE A PROBLEM WITH PECAN TREES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00256-00096598-00097181 THE WORMS HAVE ATE ALL THESE NUTS, PROBABLY TEN PERCENT LEFT THAT WAS GOOD. JYR2BJIVjJg-00257-00097181-00097452 WHAT IS GOING ON THIS YEAR? JYR2BJIVjJg-00258-00097452-00097855 LAST YEAR WE HAD A REAL GOOD CROP. JYR2BJIVjJg-00259-00097855-00098346 >> I AM KIND OF LOOKING AT YOU TWO ON THE END. JYR2BJIVjJg-00260-00098346-00098761 >> I AM NOT REAL FAMILIAR WITH PECAN INSECTS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00261-00098761-00099400 >> I GUESS ONLY THING I WOULD SAY IF YOU DIDN'T HAVE IT LAST YEAR, YOU MADE A LOT OF PREDATORS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00262-00099400-00100079 MOST INSECTS TEND TO BE CYCLIC THAT YOU HAVE BIG POPULATIONS AND THEN THE PREDATORS BUILD-UP, JYR2BJIVjJg-00263-00100079-00100685 AND CONTROL THAT AND THEN WHEN THE PREDATORS DON'T HAVE THE FOOD, THEN THE IN SECRETARY JYR2BJIVjJg-00264-00100685-00100919 POPULATION BUILDS UP. JYR2BJIVjJg-00265-00100919-00101386 TIMING IS EVERYTHING WITH A LOT OF THE INSECTS ON THE TREES ESPECIALLY WITH TEMPERATURES JYR2BJIVjJg-00266-00101386-00101525 AND SO FORTH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00267-00101525-00101941 I GUESS I WOULD SAY IF THERE WERE WORMS IN THE NUTS, THE BEST BET IS MAKING SURE THOSE JYR2BJIVjJg-00268-00101941-00102482 NUTS ARE COMPLETELY COMPOSTED OR BURIED AND GIVEN TO THE GARBAGE AND NOT ALLOWED TO REMAIN JYR2BJIVjJg-00269-00102482-00102734 AROUND THE BASE OF THE TREE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00270-00102734-00102850 CLEANLINESS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00271-00102850-00102965 >> CLEANLINESS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00272-00102965-00103449 >> IF YOU CAN BURN THEM, OR IF YOU CAN'T BURN THEM, I WOULD GET THEM OFF THE PROPERTY AS JYR2BJIVjJg-00273-00103449-00103680 OPPOSED TO COMPOSTING THEM. JYR2BJIVjJg-00274-00103680-00103790 >> ABSOLUTELY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00275-00103790-00104111 PROBABLY NOT EVEN DEEP BURYING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00276-00104111-00104511 BURNING MIGHT NOT BE TOO BAD. JYR2BJIVjJg-00277-00104511-00104717 >> THERE ARE SOME IDEAS FOUR. JYR2BJIVjJg-00278-00104717-00105022 WELL, LET'S DO SOME SHOW AND TELL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00279-00105022-00105122 >> ALL RIGHT! JYR2BJIVjJg-00280-00105122-00105337 >> HOW ABOUT STARTING WITH YOU, CHUCK? JYR2BJIVjJg-00281-00105337-00105990 >> OKAY, I BROUGHT IN TWO DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF ASIAN PERSIMMON. JYR2BJIVjJg-00282-00105990-00106624 I PLANTED TWO AMERICAN PERSIMMON WHICH ARE MUCH SMALLER AND HAVE TENDENCIES TO BE AS JYR2BJIVjJg-00283-00106624-00106724 STRINGENT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00284-00106724-00107164 THEY WERE IN THE GROCERY STORE AND IN PEAK SEASON. JYR2BJIVjJg-00285-00107164-00107565 THERE IS TWO KINDS, TWO VARIETIES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00286-00107565-00108405 THIS ONE IS VARIETY CALLED FUYU, AND IT IS SUPPOSED TO BE FLATTENED LIKE THAT, AND IF JYR2BJIVjJg-00287-00108405-00108977 YOU DO YOUR RESEARCH, THIS ONE IS SUPPOSED TO BE FIRM WHEN YOU GET IT CRUNCHY LIKE APPLE JYR2BJIVjJg-00288-00108977-00109126 OR PEAR. JYR2BJIVjJg-00289-00109126-00109642 THE FACT THIS IS HARD AS A ROCK, IT IS NOT SO FAR OFF AS YOU WOULD THINK. JYR2BJIVjJg-00290-00109642-00110236 THIS ONE IS CALLED HACHAYA. JYR2BJIVjJg-00291-00110236-00110920 THIS ONE SHOULD BE ABOUT THE CONSISTENCY OF A WATER BALLOON WHEN IT IS READY TO EAT, AND JYR2BJIVjJg-00292-00110920-00111183 THIS IS MUCH, MUCH SOFTER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00293-00111183-00111555 SO THAT SEEMS TO BE WORKING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00294-00111555-00112141 UNFORTUNATELY, THESE ARE NOT WINTER HARDY WHERE WE ARE IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE MIDWEST. JYR2BJIVjJg-00295-00112141-00112857 BY TIME YOU GET INTO SOUTHERN ILLINOIS, SOME OF THESE HARDY ONES START TO BE GOOD AND THEN JYR2BJIVjJg-00296-00112857-00113760 FURTHER AWAY, THEY ARE REALLY KIND OF INTERESTING AND ASIAN ONES ARE NATURALLY LOW IN AS STRINGENCY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00297-00113760-00114375 YOU DON'T GET THE DRY PUCKERING THAT YOU GET WHEN YOU TRY THE NATIVE ONES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00298-00114375-00114866 THEY SAY IF IT IS REALLY SOVIET, ALMOST ROTTEN, I PICKED THEM UP WHERE THEY ARE ALMOST RUNNING JYR2BJIVjJg-00299-00114866-00115098 THROUGH MY FINGERS AND I STILL GET THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00300-00115098-00115864 SO I THINK A LOT OF THE MAIN CULTIVARS HAVE BEEN SELECTED BECAUSE THEY ARE LOWER IN AS JYR2BJIVjJg-00301-00115864-00116067 STRINGENCY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00302-00116067-00116475 THESE ARE IN THE GROCERY STORE, KIND OF MEDIUM PRICED. JYR2BJIVjJg-00303-00116475-00117012 THEY ARE NOT AS CHEAP AS SOME OF THE LOCALLY GROWN FRUITS, BUT NOT HORRIBLE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00304-00117012-00117613 THINK THREE FOR TWO DOLLARS WHICH, DEPENDING WHAT YOUR BUDGET SITUATION; MIGHT BE FUN THING JYR2BJIVjJg-00305-00117613-00117713 TO TRY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00306-00117713-00118134 MAKE GOOD BREAD, CAKES AND PUDDINGS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00307-00118134-00118388 NOT REALLY GOOD THIS FRUIT SALADS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00308-00118388-00118488 >> I COULD SEE THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00309-00118488-00118765 IT WOULD BE A VERY QUICK TURN AROUND. JYR2BJIVjJg-00310-00118765-00119128 >> DO YOU KNOW WHAT PRIMARY USE OF PERSIMMON WOOD WAS? JYR2BJIVjJg-00311-00119128-00119386 >> NO, I DON'T! JYR2BJIVjJg-00312-00119386-00119486 >> WOODS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00313-00119486-00119678 >> GOLF CLUB WOOD HEADS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00314-00119678-00119778 >> REALLY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00315-00119778-00120767 IT IS CLOSE TO EBONY AS FAR AS A RELATIVE, AND BOTH DIAS POROSITY US, EBONY, HARDWOOD JYR2BJIVjJg-00316-00120767-00121044 PERSIMMON GOLF WOODS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00317-00121044-00121444 >> YOU ARE A WEALTH OF INFORMATION. JYR2BJIVjJg-00318-00121444-00121641 PERSIMMON. JYR2BJIVjJg-00319-00121641-00122048 >> DRIVERS HAVE SAVED A FEW PERSIMMON TREES! JYR2BJIVjJg-00320-00122048-00122148 >> VERY GOOD. JYR2BJIVjJg-00321-00122148-00122722 >> PERSIMMON AND PAWPAW ARE ONLY NATIVE TREE FRUITS TO THE MIDWEST. JYR2BJIVjJg-00322-00122722-00122853 >> VERY INTERESTING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00323-00122853-00123147 >> I DON'T KNOW IF IT IS THOSE WEIRD THINGS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00324-00123147-00123291 THESE ARE GOOD THINGS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00325-00123291-00123585 AND WITH THAT, DAVID GO RIGHT INTO YOUR E-MAIL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00326-00123585-00124260 MY E-MAIL WAS SOMEBODY WHO HAD BUR OAKS AND THEY STARTED GROWING THIS YEAR. JYR2BJIVjJg-00327-00124260-00124801 THE BUR OAK, ACRONS CAME OFF THE TREES AND THEY PLANTED THEM. JYR2BJIVjJg-00328-00124801-00124973 THEY ASSUMED THEY WERE BUR OAKS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00329-00124973-00125354 BUR OAKS, AS FAR AS ACORN, YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT A BUR OAK IS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00330-00125354-00125684 IT LOOKS UNLIKE ANY OTHER ACORN WITH THE NICE TOP. JYR2BJIVjJg-00331-00125684-00125784 >> HUGE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00332-00125784-00125884 >> ALMOST COVERS THE WHOLE THING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00333-00125884-00125984 >> RIGHT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00334-00125984-00126633 >> BUT MOST OF THE WHITE OAKS DO GERMINATE VERY QUICKLY IN THE FALL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00335-00126633-00127024 IT WAS WHITE OAK OR BUR OAK, IT WAS POSSIBLY IT WAS GERMINATED AND WANTED TO THOUGH WHAT JYR2BJIVjJg-00336-00127024-00127313 TO DO WITH IT IN THE WINTER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00337-00127313-00127902 IF YOU HAVE A PLANT YOU ARE GROWING FOR THE WINTER AND KIND OF TENDER LIKE THIS AND ALREADY JYR2BJIVjJg-00338-00127902-00128347 SPROUTED, YOU CAN PUT IT IN THE GROUND BUT YOU REALLY NEED TO PROVIDE SOME PROTECTION JYR2BJIVjJg-00339-00128347-00128967 FOR IT, BOTH AGAINST THE ANIMALS THAT STILL MIGHT FEED ON IT, BUT THE EXTENSIVE COLD AS JYR2BJIVjJg-00340-00128967-00129067 WELL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00341-00129067-00129638 I WOULD BURY THE CONTAINER IN THE GROUND, MAYBE CLOSE TO THE GARAGE OR FOUNDATION HOUSE JYR2BJIVjJg-00342-00129638-00129780 SO YOU CAN HAVE SOME WARMTH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00343-00129780-00130490 AS IT GETS COLDER AND YOU ARE NOT SEEING ANY GROWTH CONTINUE ON THE PLANT, COVER IT WITH JYR2BJIVjJg-00344-00130490-00130958 LOOSE LEAVES OR LOOSE STRAW MAYBE EVEN MAKE CHICKEN WIRE CAGE AROUND IT AGAIN TO KIND JYR2BJIVjJg-00345-00130958-00131427 OF PROTECT IT, AND IT GOES BACK TO THE WATERING, MAKE SURE IT IS WATERED RIGHT BEFORE THE GROUND JYR2BJIVjJg-00346-00131427-00131527 FREEZES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00347-00131527-00132214 NEXT SPRING, KEEP YOUR FINGERS CROSSED THEY WILL START GROWING AND TAKE OFF. JYR2BJIVjJg-00348-00132214-00132810 >> EVEN MOLES OR RABBITS EATING THE TOP OFF? JYR2BJIVjJg-00349-00132810-00132910 >> O, YEAH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00350-00132910-00133010 WE HAVE VOLES, RABBITS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00351-00133010-00133110 >> CHICKEN WIRE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00352-00133110-00133327 >> CHICKEN WIRE MIGHT PREVENT THAT, YES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00353-00133327-00133586 >> AND CLAY POT OR PLASTIC POT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00354-00133586-00133686 >> RIGHT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00355-00133686-00134078 AND THEN THE NICE THING ABOUT HAVING THEM IN A CLAY OR PLASTIC POT YOU ARE NOT GOING JYR2BJIVjJg-00356-00134078-00134389 TO GET EXTREMELY LONG TAPROOTS TO BEGIN WITH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00357-00134389-00135060 IF YOU WANTED TO TRANSPLANT IN THE YARD LATER ON, YOU HAVE EASIER CHANCE OF DOING THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00358-00135060-00135476 >> WITH THAT, LET'S GO TO YOU, JIM, WITH ANOTHER LOOKS LIKE TREE QUESTION. JYR2BJIVjJg-00359-00135476-00135795 >> YES, I HAVE A CHESTNUT QUESTION FROM THE CHICAGO AREA. JYR2BJIVjJg-00360-00135795-00136687 THEY ARE WONDERING WHY THEY HAD MATURE LEAVES DROP EARLY THIS YEAR, AND THERE IS TWO POSSIBILITIES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00361-00136687-00137150 HORSE CHESTNUTS ARE PRONE TO HORSE CHESTNUT LEAF BLOTCH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00362-00137150-00137625 WITH THE WET SPRING, THEY GOT IT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00363-00137625-00137865 IT CAUSES EARLY DEFOLIATION. JYR2BJIVjJg-00364-00137865-00138816 CHESTNUTS AND OHIO BUCKEYES ARE SHALLOW ROOTED, CEDAR RUST ON THE SURFACE, AND THAT MAKES JYR2BJIVjJg-00365-00138816-00139004 THEM PRONE TO DROUGHT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00366-00139004-00139698 WE HAD 37 DAYS THIS FALL WITHOUT RAIN, AND THAT DRY SPELL COULD HAVE CAUSED THE LEAVES JYR2BJIVjJg-00367-00139698-00140029 TO JUST FALL OFF BECAUSE IT WAS TOO DRY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00368-00140029-00140349 TWO POSSIBILITIES, LEAF DISEASE AND THE DROUGHT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00369-00140349-00140940 >> AND BECAUSE IT WAS SO WET, YOU HAVE TO THINK THAT MIGHT HAVE DONE SOME ROOT DAMAGE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00370-00140940-00141672 THE ROOTS ARE COMPROMISED, AND WHEN IT TURNS DRY, YOU GOT A DOUBLE WHAMMY GOING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00371-00141672-00142160 >> WHICH IS ANOTHER REASON TO WATER THE TREES AND SHRUBS GOING INTO THE WINTER AS THE ROOTS JYR2BJIVjJg-00372-00142160-00142449 ARE GOING TO REGENERATE THEMSELVES DURING THE COOL WINTER MONTHS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00373-00142449-00142549 >> WOW. JYR2BJIVjJg-00374-00142549-00142814 WE HAVE JUST TAKEN CARE OF EVERYTHING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00375-00142814-00142942 THIS IS REALLY GOOD. JYR2BJIVjJg-00376-00142942-00143116 THANK YOU, FOLKS, VERY MUCH. JYR2BJIVjJg-00377-00143116-00143950 LET'S GO TO OUR MAG QUIZ NEXT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00378-00143950-00144808 WHAT WOULD A GARDENER DO WITH A DIBBER OR DIBBLE, A, SCRAPE OFF OF SPADES AND TROWELS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00379-00144808-00145601 B, MAKE HOLES IN SOIL FOR TRANSPLANTING SEEDLINGS. C, GRADE PARTICLES ACCORDING TO SIZE? JYR2BJIVjJg-00380-00145601-00146349 B, MAKE HOLES IN SOIL FOR TRANSPLANTING SEEDLINGS. JYR2BJIVjJg-00381-00146349-00146501 THEY ARE VERY USEFUL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00382-00146501-00146615 I HAVE MY DIBBLE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00383-00146615-00147182 WE WILL ANSWER A QUESTION ABOUT PEONIES ONLINE TWO. JYR2BJIVjJg-00384-00147182-00147644 >>CALLER: I PLANTED PEONIES THIS SUMMER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00385-00147644-00148052 I WANT TO KNOW HOW TO PREPARE THEM FOR WINTER. JYR2BJIVjJg-00386-00148052-00148498 >> THE HYBRIDS, THEY ARE GREAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00387-00148498-00149049 JUST TAKE FOLIAGE OFF FOR THE WINTER MONTHS BECAUSE THAT HAS GOOD CHANCE OF LEADING TO JYR2BJIVjJg-00388-00149049-00149277 DISEASES NEXT SPRING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00389-00149277-00149812 AND AGAIN, GOING BACK TO WATERING AND MULCHING, THAT'S REALLY--ANEMONE HYBRID LIKE REGULAR JYR2BJIVjJg-00390-00149812-00150224 HYBRID PEONIES TEND TO BE WINTER HARDY. JYR2BJIVjJg-00391-00150224-00150585 WE DON'T HAVE ANY WOULD BE WITH THAT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00392-00150585-00151203 REMOVE THE FOLIAGE THAT HAS DIED SO IT DOESN'T CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISEASES THAT JIM LOVES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00393-00151203-00151504 HE LOVES THOSE DISEASES. JYR2BJIVjJg-00394-00151504-00151975 >> AND MULCHING WILL HELP, TOO, IF THEY ARE PLANTED THAT RECENTLY, DEPENDING WHERE YOU JYR2BJIVjJg-00395-00151975-00152332 ARE, IF YOU HAVE A CLAY SOIL, THEY MIGHT FROST HEAVE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00396-00152332-00153205 >> THEY ARE CROSS PEONIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH AND THEY ARE BOTH OUTSTANDING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00397-00153205-00153305 >> EXCELLENT. JYR2BJIVjJg-00398-00153305-00153738 MULCHING, THAT'S WHAT I HAVE BEEN DOING WITH THIS MILD LATE FALL. JYR2BJIVjJg-00399-00153738-00154049 IT REALLY MAKES ALL THE DIFFERENCE. JYR2BJIVjJg-00400-00154049-00154273 >> THAT AND THE WATERING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00401-00154273-00154448 >> OH, YES, AND WATERING! JYR2BJIVjJg-00402-00154448-00154626 IF I HAVE NOT MENTIONED WATERING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00403-00154626-00154785 >> STOCK IN IRRIGATION COMPANY? JYR2BJIVjJg-00404-00154785-00155165 >> THANK YOU FOLKS FOR BEING HERE AND YOU FOR WATCHING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00405-00155165-00155276 WE THANK YOU FOR WATCHING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00406-00155276-00155450 HAVE A GREAT WEEK GARDENING. JYR2BJIVjJg-00407-00155450-00155456 BYE-BYE. JemjycvDtTy-00000-00000000-00001000 Audio Only JfFBESAgw6U-00000-00002770-00003279 On your board, can you find one angle—watch what I want you to do. JfFBESAgw6U-00001-00003279-00003690 And in the middle of the angle, draw an arc that looks like that. JfFBESAgw6U-00002-00003690-00004020 Find one angle on your board and draw an arc. JfFBESAgw6U-00003-00004020-00004110 Hold it up when you have one. JfFBESAgw6U-00004-00004110-00004580 One angle on your board and draw an arc. JfFBESAgw6U-00005-00004580-00004910 Good, good, good. JfFBESAgw6U-00006-00004910-00005130 Nice. Are there more than one angles on your board? JfFBESAgw6U-00007-00005130-00005300 Yes. I have more than one. JfFBESAgw6U-00008-00005300-00005800 See if you can find another one. JfFBESAgw6U-00009-00005800-00006020 And if you find it, what do you need to put in the middle? JfFBESAgw6U-00010-00006020-00006300 Put the arc in the middle. Good, good, good. JfFBESAgw6U-00011-00006300-00006790 Nice, nice, nice, nice. JfFBESAgw6U-00012-00006790-00006900 Perfect. Logan, you got it? JfFBESAgw6U-00013-00006900-00007080 Lila, you okay down there? JfFBESAgw6U-00014-00007080-00007409 All right. Real quick review. Don't erase your board. JfFBESAgw6U-00015-00007409-00007640 Tell your neighbor, what's a point? JfFBESAgw6U-00016-00007640-00007920 Somewhere in space. JfFBESAgw6U-00017-00007920-00008109 Yeah, somewhere in space. JfFBESAgw6U-00018-00008109-00008330 Excellent. I heard "an exact point in space." JfFBESAgw6U-00019-00008330-00008500 Perfect. What's a line segment? JfFBESAgw6U-00020-00008500-00008620 Part of a line. JfFBESAgw6U-00021-00008620-00008950 Part of a line segment that has a point. JfFBESAgw6U-00022-00008950-00009020 What's a line? JfFBESAgw6U-00023-00009020-00009590 A line is something that goes on forever and ever. JfFBESAgw6U-00024-00009590-00009780 What's a ray? JfFBESAgw6U-00025-00009780-00010290 A ray is when you have a point, JfFBESAgw6U-00026-00010290-00010630 And then an arrow going up, just like the end of a segment. JfFBESAgw6U-00027-00010630-00011120 Okay and remember, a ray has one end point and one arrow. JfFBESAgw6U-00028-00011120-00011310 And then finally, what's an angle? Two? JfFBESAgw6U-00029-00011310-00011460 Two rays. JfFBESAgw6U-00030-00011460-00011630 Two rays. JfFBESAgw6U-00031-00011630-00011910 Awesome job. Erase your boards. JgTg84tFJqM-00000-00009523-00009859 - Make sure it's not just me who's seeing it weird. JgTg84tFJqM-00001-00010512-00010702 - They should see the three of us. JgTg84tFJqM-00002-00011266-00011473 - Oh, yeah. I see us. JgTg84tFJqM-00003-00011473-00011614 - You see us? JgTg84tFJqM-00004-00011614-00011772 - Yeah. I just went to the Twitch stream. JgTg84tFJqM-00005-00011772-00011966 - Oh, excellent. - Which Twitch stream? JgTg84tFJqM-00006-00012362-00012487 - I hear myself now, too. JgTg84tFJqM-00007-00012608-00012726 - It's fantastic. JgTg84tFJqM-00008-00012726-00013016 We are a professional organization here on a Friday night. JgTg84tFJqM-00009-00013197-00013381 - We're gonna call that one my fault. JgTg84tFJqM-00010-00013381-00013464 Okay, cool. JgTg84tFJqM-00011-00013565-00013944 - Welcome to Q&A with Patrick Wardle, JgTg84tFJqM-00012-00013944-00014300 we are going to be talking about some macOS stuff JgTg84tFJqM-00013-00014300-00014614 and some stuff kind of adjacent to Microsoft Office. JgTg84tFJqM-00014-00014783-00015010 I am jurist and the other goon JgTg84tFJqM-00015-00015010-00015221 that you see here is fallible, JgTg84tFJqM-00016-00015221-00015416 and we're gonna be helping ask Patrick JgTg84tFJqM-00017-00015416-00015576 some questions this evening JgTg84tFJqM-00018-00015576-00015861 and it's good to see you all in the chat. JgTg84tFJqM-00019-00015861-00016168 Patrick, why don't you take a minute JgTg84tFJqM-00020-00016168-00016346 to introduce yourself to everybody. JgTg84tFJqM-00021-00016346-00016489 'Cause I know that in your talk, JgTg84tFJqM-00022-00016489-00016777 you kind of dove right in into your content. JgTg84tFJqM-00023-00016777-00016962 So, take a minute and say hello to everybody. JgTg84tFJqM-00024-00016962-00017142 Tell us a little bit about yourself. JgTg84tFJqM-00025-00017238-00017321 - Sure. JgTg84tFJqM-00026-00017321-00017511 Aloha, my name is Patrick Wardle. JgTg84tFJqM-00027-00017511-00017865 I am a principal security researcher at Jamf JgTg84tFJqM-00028-00017865-00018206 and also the creator of the Mac Security website JgTg84tFJqM-00029-00018206-00018338 and tool suites. JgTg84tFJqM-00030-00018520-00018728 I have been fortunate enough JgTg84tFJqM-00031-00018728-00018931 to talk at a few Defcons in the past. JgTg84tFJqM-00032-00018931-00019326 It's always like my favorite events to talk nerdy at. JgTg84tFJqM-00033-00019429-00019667 This year virtual, you know, a little bummed JgTg84tFJqM-00034-00019667-00019872 we didn't really get to hang out together in Vegas, JgTg84tFJqM-00035-00019872-00020160 but think it's important we're all staying safe and healthy. JgTg84tFJqM-00036-00020160-00020590 And, actually connecting online is kind of super hacker-ish. JgTg84tFJqM-00037-00020590-00020892 So, I'm stoked you're all here to chat JgTg84tFJqM-00038-00020892-00021167 a little bit more about my talk, open Q&A. JgTg84tFJqM-00039-00021167-00021250 Again, welcome. JgTg84tFJqM-00040-00021443-00021553 - Well, thank you for being here. JgTg84tFJqM-00041-00021553-00021727 We really appreciate it. JgTg84tFJqM-00042-00021727-00022012 It's nice to get some folks who wanna come JgTg84tFJqM-00043-00022012-00022103 and present this way. JgTg84tFJqM-00044-00022103-00022547 So, Sneakernet gave us what they're considering JgTg84tFJqM-00045-00022547-00023003 to be a softball question is SYLK the old file format JgTg84tFJqM-00046-00023003-00023131 you've come across? JgTg84tFJqM-00047-00023131-00023553 Is there a way to programmatically scan macOS apps JgTg84tFJqM-00048-00023553-00023782 for what kind of files they handle? JgTg84tFJqM-00049-00023782-00024048 Entitlements, particular API usage? JgTg84tFJqM-00050-00024236-00024415 - Yeah, so that's a great question. JgTg84tFJqM-00051-00024415-00024690 The first place I would look at is in something JgTg84tFJqM-00052-00024690-00025009 called the Launch Services database JgTg84tFJqM-00053-00025009-00025442 and you can enumerate this with the LS register command, JgTg84tFJqM-00054-00025442-00025682 and what it will basically do is it will dump JgTg84tFJqM-00055-00025800-00026139 all the file type and application associations JgTg84tFJqM-00056-00026139-00026317 on your macOS system. JgTg84tFJqM-00057-00026317-00026544 So for example, you can see what applications JgTg84tFJqM-00058-00026544-00026802 have registered for HTML files, JgTg84tFJqM-00059-00026802-00027166 what applications have registered to handle documents. JgTg84tFJqM-00060-00027166-00027382 In this case, what type of applications JgTg84tFJqM-00061-00027382-00027701 perhaps support these SYLK files. JgTg84tFJqM-00062-00027701-00027835 So, that's kind of where I would start. JgTg84tFJqM-00063-00027835-00028074 It gives you a global overview of that. JgTg84tFJqM-00064-00028074-00028347 So, if you just Google LS register JgTg84tFJqM-00065-00028347-00028502 again, it's a macOS command. JgTg84tFJqM-00066-00028502-00028692 You run it with a dash dump flag, JgTg84tFJqM-00067-00028692-00028809 and it'll dump this database. JgTg84tFJqM-00068-00028809-00029208 You can also look at an applications info .PLIST file, JgTg84tFJqM-00069-00029208-00029445 which is something that all applications have. JgTg84tFJqM-00070-00029445-00029825 And in there they can have a set of actually array, JgTg84tFJqM-00071-00029825-00030016 a dictionary of key value pairs JgTg84tFJqM-00072-00030016-00030300 that kind of tell the operating system JgTg84tFJqM-00073-00030300-00030512 what type of applications, sorry, JgTg84tFJqM-00074-00030512-00030680 what kind of files they support. JgTg84tFJqM-00075-00030680-00030963 And this is actually how that database gets applied. JgTg84tFJqM-00076-00031052-00031500 So for example, Office lists the doc files and file formats JgTg84tFJqM-00077-00031500-00031989 it supports obviously a browser will have large HTML files, JgTg84tFJqM-00078-00031989-00032217 probably PDFs, et cetera, et cetera. JgTg84tFJqM-00079-00032217-00032314 That's a great place to start JgTg84tFJqM-00080-00032314-00032583 because then you can see the file formats. JgTg84tFJqM-00081-00032583-00032790 And then, I would look at the more esoteric JgTg84tFJqM-00082-00032790-00033118 or unrecognized ones and start fuzzing or playing with that JgTg84tFJqM-00083-00033118-00033413 because it's kind of mentioned in my talk. JgTg84tFJqM-00084-00033413-00033670 The reason that this vulnerability existed JgTg84tFJqM-00085-00033670-00034001 specifically, the automatic execution of macros JgTg84tFJqM-00086-00034001-00034346 was that Microsoft actually has two separate code paths JgTg84tFJqM-00087-00034346-00034692 for handling macros based on these file types. JgTg84tFJqM-00088-00034692-00034976 Obviously the main one for documents JgTg84tFJqM-00089-00034976-00035224 and then a whole separate, archaic code path JgTg84tFJqM-00090-00035224-00035342 that probably no one ever looked at JgTg84tFJqM-00091-00035342-00035561 for these older file formats. JgTg84tFJqM-00092-00035561-00035779 Always a good idea to look for these JgTg84tFJqM-00093-00035779-00035978 more esoteric ancient file formats JgTg84tFJqM-00094-00035978-00036204 because there's a lot of security bugs there JgTg84tFJqM-00095-00036204-00036423 because they were created in a time JgTg84tFJqM-00096-00036423-00036618 when security wasn't really a priority. JgTg84tFJqM-00097-00036792-00037059 - Anytime an afterthought gets pulled forward JgTg84tFJqM-00098-00037059-00037478 into what's happening now is probably an interesting space. JgTg84tFJqM-00099-00037478-00037561 - Exactly. JgTg84tFJqM-00100-00037823-00037973 - Cool, next question. JgTg84tFJqM-00101-00037973-00038200 Coming in also from Sneakernet, JgTg84tFJqM-00102-00038200-00038477 is there a way to programmatically scan Mac apps? JgTg84tFJqM-00103-00038477-00038617 Oh, we did that one already. JgTg84tFJqM-00104-00038739-00038924 Let's see here, have you considered trying to do JgTg84tFJqM-00105-00038924-00039351 something similar to this kind of research with iPad OS JgTg84tFJqM-00106-00039351-00039851 or any other kind of non-Windows OS or mobile OS? JgTg84tFJqM-00107-00040025-00040142 - Ah, that's a great question. JgTg84tFJqM-00108-00040142-00040515 I predominantly focused on Mac for two reasons. JgTg84tFJqM-00109-00040515-00040720 First, my personal opinion is really good JgTg84tFJqM-00110-00040720-00041035 to get really niche in whatever area that interests. JgTg84tFJqM-00111-00041035-00041304 That's just something that I've found to kind of have JgTg84tFJqM-00112-00041304-00041625 a lot of success in my InfoSec security career. JgTg84tFJqM-00113-00041730-00041924 The other fact and yes, I will admit this JgTg84tFJqM-00114-00041924-00042394 is hacking Mac is far simpler than hacking an iOS JgTg84tFJqM-00115-00042394-00042538 operating system or iPad OS. JgTg84tFJqM-00116-00042687-00042832 This is just because of how it went down JgTg84tFJqM-00117-00042832-00042942 that operating system. JgTg84tFJqM-00118-00043037-00043309 So, I think there has been some research done in the past JgTg84tFJqM-00119-00043309-00043545 based on, you know, custom URL handling, JgTg84tFJqM-00120-00043545-00043950 which is largely how applications and certain file formats JgTg84tFJqM-00121-00043950-00044305 are kind of connected in a way on iOS. JgTg84tFJqM-00122-00044305-00044439 But, you know, even if you found JgTg84tFJqM-00123-00044439-00044661 some interesting issues there, JgTg84tFJqM-00124-00044661-00044878 you would have to break out of the sandbox JgTg84tFJqM-00125-00044878-00045129 and then deal with a lot of the extra constraints JgTg84tFJqM-00126-00045129-00045549 that iOS and iPad OS kind of stuck on POP JgTg84tFJqM-00127-00045549-00045913 that with macOS then you really don't have to worry about, JgTg84tFJqM-00128-00045913-00046132 which means you did have to find a new sandbox escape, JgTg84tFJqM-00129-00046132-00046420 but you showed that was pretty trivial to do. JgTg84tFJqM-00130-00046420-00046632 And there's been kind of history of that. JgTg84tFJqM-00131-00046632-00047132 So, you know, the TLDR iOS is just really a hard target. JgTg84tFJqM-00132-00047178-00047414 So, I'll probably just stick with Macs for now. JgTg84tFJqM-00133-00047509-00047668 - So that's an interesting statement though, JgTg84tFJqM-00134-00047668-00047887 that you found that getting really niche JgTg84tFJqM-00135-00047887-00048103 is the thing that helps you continue JgTg84tFJqM-00136-00048103-00048452 to find new, interesting vulnerabilities. JgTg84tFJqM-00137-00048452-00048789 So, you're keeping your target list really small. JgTg84tFJqM-00138-00048789-00048983 Can you talk about that anymore? JgTg84tFJqM-00139-00048983-00049403 And some of the, what are some of the strengths JgTg84tFJqM-00140-00049403-00049513 that that's bringing you JgTg84tFJqM-00141-00049513-00049784 and can you think of anything that you're missing JgTg84tFJqM-00142-00049784-00050090 that maybe if there was one more thing you wanted to add? JgTg84tFJqM-00143-00050224-00050412 - Yeah, I know and that's something that, you know, JgTg84tFJqM-00144-00050412-00050683 as I grow older and wiser, it's something that resonates JgTg84tFJqM-00145-00050683-00050766 really well with me. JgTg84tFJqM-00146-00050766-00051190 So, you know, long time ago I used to work at the NSA, JgTg84tFJqM-00147-00051190-00051313 National Security Agency. JgTg84tFJqM-00148-00051313-00051642 Everyone's favorite US government's spy agency. JgTg84tFJqM-00149-00051642-00051890 And I remember when I got there, I was the intern JgTg84tFJqM-00150-00051890-00052169 and the intern program, you're kind of bounced around JgTg84tFJqM-00151-00052169-00052464 from different offices, kind of sampling different JgTg84tFJqM-00152-00052464-00052607 activities, let's say. JgTg84tFJqM-00153-00052607-00052734 And I remember thinking, "Wow, JgTg84tFJqM-00154-00052734-00052844 I wanna be good at all of this." JgTg84tFJqM-00155-00052844-00053162 Like crypto and like reverse engineering malware JgTg84tFJqM-00156-00053162-00053377 and writing Windows exploits and hacking satellites, JgTg84tFJqM-00157-00053377-00053640 like all the really cool stuff the NSA does. JgTg84tFJqM-00158-00053640-00053822 And, I got to a point where I was like, you know, JgTg84tFJqM-00159-00053822-00054266 it's just impossible to have depth in so much breath. JgTg84tFJqM-00160-00054266-00054450 And so, I said, "Look, I'm gonna kind of focus JgTg84tFJqM-00161-00054450-00054624 on one specific thing." JgTg84tFJqM-00162-00054624-00054805 And actually it was only when I left the NSA JgTg84tFJqM-00163-00054805-00055170 was when I really started focusing on Macs. JgTg84tFJqM-00164-00055170-00055478 The reason for that was at the NSA, JgTg84tFJqM-00165-00055478-00055803 I did dominantly Windows stuff. JgTg84tFJqM-00166-00055803-00055929 And so, when I left, JgTg84tFJqM-00167-00055929-00056151 I wanted to still use my foundational skills JgTg84tFJqM-00168-00056151-00056436 of reverse engineering, vulnerability, discovery, JgTg84tFJqM-00169-00056436-00056621 exploit development, but I didn't wanna do it JgTg84tFJqM-00170-00056621-00057016 on the same platform I was kind of poking around at the NSA, JgTg84tFJqM-00171-00057016-00057201 it's good not to cross any lines and you know, JgTg84tFJqM-00172-00057201-00057367 you don't wanna piss off the NSA JgTg84tFJqM-00173-00057367-00057615 because hey, look, let me focus on Mac. JgTg84tFJqM-00174-00057615-00057839 I can use my same skill sets but it's a separate platform. JgTg84tFJqM-00175-00057839-00058152 So, I probably won't step on any toes. JgTg84tFJqM-00176-00058152-00058366 And, moving forward with that, JgTg84tFJqM-00177-00058366-00058555 I really kind of doubled down on that. JgTg84tFJqM-00178-00058555-00058772 And, it really allowed me to get JgTg84tFJqM-00179-00058772-00058941 a lot of depth in the problem. JgTg84tFJqM-00180-00058941-00059354 And I've noticed for, you know, finding new vulnerabilities, JgTg84tFJqM-00181-00059354-00059535 giving conference talks, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00182-00059535-00059796 At least for me having that depth has really allowed me JgTg84tFJqM-00183-00059796-00059970 to become, you know, somewhat of an expert JgTg84tFJqM-00184-00059970-00060122 in this space, I would say JgTg84tFJqM-00185-00060233-00060421 and allowed me to really dig more JgTg84tFJqM-00186-00060421-00060766 into maybe the more esoteric parts of the operating system, JgTg84tFJqM-00187-00060766-00060998 where a lot of vulnerabilities lie. JgTg84tFJqM-00188-00060998-00061150 Whereas if I was trying to do that across JgTg84tFJqM-00189-00061150-00061527 maybe multiple operating systems and multiple platforms, JgTg84tFJqM-00190-00061527-00061850 it's just, I think impossible to gain that much depth. JgTg84tFJqM-00191-00061850-00062064 So, that's something that's just really worked for me. JgTg84tFJqM-00192-00062064-00062207 I would say the one downside JgTg84tFJqM-00193-00062207-00062466 is sometimes you might miss the tasks JgTg84tFJqM-00194-00062466-00062677 that work on one platform that might have JgTg84tFJqM-00195-00062677-00063002 a conceptually similar vulnerability on that class. JgTg84tFJqM-00196-00063002-00063260 One great example I can think of is DLL JgTg84tFJqM-00197-00063260-00063421 or hijacking. JgTg84tFJqM-00198-00063421-00063780 That was a very common kind of attack scenario on Windows. JgTg84tFJqM-00199-00063780-00063976 And, you know, when I was still JgTg84tFJqM-00200-00063976-00064116 kind of coming into the Mac space, JgTg84tFJqM-00201-00064116-00064444 I decided to see if macOS was vulnerable JgTg84tFJqM-00202-00064444-00064712 at least conceptually to the idea of hijacking JgTg84tFJqM-00203-00064712-00064922 dynamic libraries based on search path JgTg84tFJqM-00204-00064922-00065061 and it turned out it was, JgTg84tFJqM-00205-00065061-00065214 and I just happened to be the first person JgTg84tFJqM-00206-00065214-00065491 that kind of dug into that and talked about it. JgTg84tFJqM-00207-00065491-00065761 So, I still think it's good to keep your eyes and ears open JgTg84tFJqM-00208-00065761-00066046 and see what other research other people are doing. JgTg84tFJqM-00209-00066157-00066330 Just to be inspired and then kind of say, JgTg84tFJqM-00210-00066330-00066666 "Hey, is this something I can bring into my platform?" JgTg84tFJqM-00211-00066666-00066850 But again, I've had a lot of success JgTg84tFJqM-00212-00066850-00067245 really focusing just on one platform you know, macOS, JgTg84tFJqM-00213-00067245-00067409 not even iOS as much. JgTg84tFJqM-00214-00067409-00067578 So again, to me, that's worked really well. JgTg84tFJqM-00215-00067578-00067883 And I think it's a good nugget of advice. JgTg84tFJqM-00216-00067883-00068157 - Yeah, thank you for talking about that a bit. JgTg84tFJqM-00217-00068157-00068546 It's nice to hear somebody who's gotten a lot of success JgTg84tFJqM-00218-00068546-00068819 with a pattern like that because there's many different JgTg84tFJqM-00219-00068819-00069187 patterns that I've been hearing about even this weekend. JgTg84tFJqM-00220-00069187-00069516 So, it's nice to get that reinforcement. JgTg84tFJqM-00221-00069516-00069683 - Yeah, I would agree with that JgTg84tFJqM-00222-00069683-00069861 because I do a lot of digital forensics, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00223-00069861-00070122 And so, I see a lot of Windows stuff come across JgTg84tFJqM-00224-00070122-00070381 and I see a lot of iOS stuff and it sounds kind of difficult JgTg84tFJqM-00225-00070381-00070630 to know, hey, you know, if I'm gonna dedicate some time JgTg84tFJqM-00226-00070630-00070929 to build up some skills, you know, should it be broad based, JgTg84tFJqM-00227-00070929-00071021 should it be targeted JgTg84tFJqM-00228-00071021-00071413 and I'm digging what you're throwing down there. JgTg84tFJqM-00229-00071574-00071657 Next question. JgTg84tFJqM-00230-00071657-00071909 Okay, so you showed how putting a zip file JgTg84tFJqM-00231-00071909-00072248 into the log in items that can turn, JgTg84tFJqM-00232-00072360-00072635 that in turn contains a PLIST with a launch agent, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00233-00072635-00072929 So, does macOS really register launch agents JgTg84tFJqM-00234-00072929-00073317 on the creation of the file and in this case JgTg84tFJqM-00235-00073317-00073464 creating via an unzip. JgTg84tFJqM-00236-00073743-00073883 - Almost, so it actually what it does JgTg84tFJqM-00237-00073883-00074217 is it automatically processes it on the next log in. JgTg84tFJqM-00238-00074217-00074550 So, it doesn't trigger it right away on creation. JgTg84tFJqM-00239-00074550-00074931 But, on the next log in macOS will automatically JgTg84tFJqM-00240-00074931-00075108 just enumerate all the property lists JgTg84tFJqM-00241-00075108-00075354 that are created in the Launch Agent directory, JgTg84tFJqM-00242-00075354-00075529 just the same thing with launch daemons JgTg84tFJqM-00243-00075529-00075874 and any property list it finds, it just runs it. JgTg84tFJqM-00244-00075874-00076033 So that's really kind of a neat thing JgTg84tFJqM-00245-00076033-00076339 that we were able to leverage as a mechanism JgTg84tFJqM-00246-00076339-00076768 to get this kind of "execution" outside sandbox. JgTg84tFJqM-00247-00076768-00077116 The only downside is you then have to kind of wait JgTg84tFJqM-00248-00077116-00077507 until the user re-logs in, but, you know, I like to say, JgTg84tFJqM-00249-00077507-00077665 you know, humans are inpatient, JgTg84tFJqM-00250-00077665-00077921 but our exploits are malware, you know, JgTg84tFJqM-00251-00077921-00078009 we'll have to, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00252-00078009-00078318 We drop this launch agent and we have to wait JgTg84tFJqM-00253-00078318-00078732 two or three days or even a week until the user re-logs in, JgTg84tFJqM-00254-00078732-00079006 and then we get a call back, like, so be it, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00255-00079006-00079276 Generally, we're not in that much of a rush, JgTg84tFJqM-00256-00079276-00079574 but it is interesting that macOS kind of automatically JgTg84tFJqM-00257-00079574-00079872 runs those and something that we can in this scenario JgTg84tFJqM-00258-00079872-00080042 leverage to our own benefit. JgTg84tFJqM-00259-00080251-00080340 - Sure. JgTg84tFJqM-00260-00080340-00080543 Follow up from the same person that asked the question, JgTg84tFJqM-00261-00080543-00080816 any PLS that we can find on the file system. JgTg84tFJqM-00262-00081022-00081360 - No, it actually has to be in the Launch Agent directory, JgTg84tFJqM-00263-00081360-00081711 which is either in a ~user/LibraryLaunchAgent JgTg84tFJqM-00264-00081817-00081943 or /Library/LaunchAgents. JgTg84tFJqM-00265-00082158-00082474 So, macOS will look in those specific directories. JgTg84tFJqM-00266-00082474-00082814 It looks for other items in other directories. JgTg84tFJqM-00267-00082814-00083124 For example, there are other launch daemon directories, JgTg84tFJqM-00268-00083124-00083388 which are the books store for other property lists, JgTg84tFJqM-00269-00083388-00083736 but again, those have to be in those specific directories. JgTg84tFJqM-00270-00083869-00083980 - Cool. JgTg84tFJqM-00271-00083980-00084167 So, you know, a lot of this starts JgTg84tFJqM-00272-00084167-00084426 by you talking about macro attacks JgTg84tFJqM-00273-00084426-00084690 and macro attacks have been popular on Windows JgTg84tFJqM-00274-00084690-00085013 for a long time in fact, using macros JgTg84tFJqM-00275-00085013-00085153 inside of Office documents. JgTg84tFJqM-00276-00085153-00085356 I mean, you and I are roughly the same age. JgTg84tFJqM-00277-00085356-00085645 That's how you would get out of like the nanny JgTg84tFJqM-00278-00085645-00086085 kind of stuff, or get around the stuff that they put JgTg84tFJqM-00279-00086085-00086379 on the stuff at a high school or middle school JgTg84tFJqM-00280-00086379-00086498 so you couldn't get on the internet. JgTg84tFJqM-00281-00086498-00086637 Right? You know, yeah. JgTg84tFJqM-00282-00086637-00086818 Statute of limitations is good. JgTg84tFJqM-00283-00086818-00086901 It's fine now. JgTg84tFJqM-00284-00087043-00087373 So, it's bananas to me that these stuff JgTg84tFJqM-00285-00087373-00087832 kind of persists now, do you think that JgTg84tFJqM-00286-00087832-00088105 this is kind of a trend towards macro-based attacks JgTg84tFJqM-00287-00088105-00088602 towards macOS or is this just kind of a situation where, JgTg84tFJqM-00288-00088602-00088856 you know, the guys are, you know, if you've got a hammer JgTg84tFJqM-00289-00088856-00089016 in your hand, everything looks like a nail JgTg84tFJqM-00290-00089016-00089116 kind of a situation. JgTg84tFJqM-00291-00089291-00089637 - I know, it's interesting because I think, JgTg84tFJqM-00292-00089637-00089767 well, we see two things happening. JgTg84tFJqM-00293-00089767-00089985 Macs are definitely becoming more prevalent. JgTg84tFJqM-00294-00089985-00090302 You know, we've seen this especially in the consumer space, JgTg84tFJqM-00295-00090302-00090517 but now also in the enterprise space. JgTg84tFJqM-00296-00090517-00090816 And I think that one of the reasons this is very anecdotal, JgTg84tFJqM-00297-00090816-00091029 I don't have necessarily data to back this up, JgTg84tFJqM-00298-00091029-00091267 but you know, you go to a college campus, JgTg84tFJqM-00299-00091267-00091447 even three or four or five years ago, JgTg84tFJqM-00300-00091447-00091592 everyone has an X, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00301-00091592-00092043 And, now those students graduated or are in the workforce, JgTg84tFJqM-00302-00092043-00092126 what do they want? JgTg84tFJqM-00303-00092126-00092381 They want Mac computers. Understandably so, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00304-00092381-00092572 So, we're kind of starting to see growth JgTg84tFJqM-00305-00092572-00092820 in the enterprise of Macs as well. JgTg84tFJqM-00306-00092820-00093280 Apple obviously also pushes for Macs in the enterprise, JgTg84tFJqM-00307-00093280-00093578 great hardware, great software. JgTg84tFJqM-00308-00093578-00093862 So, hackers are obviously very opportunistic. JgTg84tFJqM-00309-00093862-00094106 So, as they see an increase in targets, JgTg84tFJqM-00310-00094106-00094326 they're obviously gonna start attacking it. JgTg84tFJqM-00311-00094326-00094512 So, one of the things we see is we see hackers JgTg84tFJqM-00312-00094512-00094846 developing Mac specific attacks, and you've seen this trend, JgTg84tFJqM-00313-00094846-00095190 I would say, in the last year or two almost, taking off. JgTg84tFJqM-00314-00095190-00095501 The same time in parallel, the other thing we see JgTg84tFJqM-00315-00095501-00095849 and the macros is a great example, is we see JgTg84tFJqM-00316-00095849-00096181 Windows-based attackers or Windows-based malware JgTg84tFJqM-00317-00096181-00096466 that have had success on the Windows platform, JgTg84tFJqM-00318-00096466-00096772 kind of porting those techniques over. JgTg84tFJqM-00319-00096772-00097066 So, obviously as you mentioned, macros on Windows JgTg84tFJqM-00320-00097066-00097496 has a very illustrious history, a lot of success. JgTg84tFJqM-00321-00097496-00097913 So, those same attacks can work on macOS, JgTg84tFJqM-00322-00097913-00097996 hackers are kind of like, JgTg84tFJqM-00323-00097996-00098207 "Hey, we know how these macro work, JgTg84tFJqM-00324-00098207-00098476 we have the infrastructure, we have experience, JgTg84tFJqM-00325-00098476-00098718 why not target Mac users using this?" JgTg84tFJqM-00326-00098718-00098988 So, macros is probably the best example JgTg84tFJqM-00327-00098988-00099425 of a traditionally Windows infection vector, let's say JgTg84tFJqM-00328-00099425-00099716 being ported over or brought over to macOS JgTg84tFJqM-00329-00099716-00099976 I think in a direct response to Macs JgTg84tFJqM-00330-00099976-00100102 increasing in the enterprise, JgTg84tFJqM-00331-00100102-00100248 because these macro-based attacks JgTg84tFJqM-00332-00100248-00100476 still require Microsoft products. JgTg84tFJqM-00333-00100476-00100731 The average consumer is probably gonna be using JgTg84tFJqM-00334-00100731-00100984 Apple's Office document apps, which aren't susceptible JgTg84tFJqM-00335-00100984-00101275 to macro-based attacks whereas in the enterprise JgTg84tFJqM-00336-00101275-00101576 I think that's where we see the uptick in the installation JgTg84tFJqM-00337-00101576-00101877 of these Microsoft products on Macs, JgTg84tFJqM-00338-00101877-00102145 thereby opening the door for these macro-based attacks. JgTg84tFJqM-00339-00102145-00102420 However, though, we also see, for example, JgTg84tFJqM-00340-00102420-00102699 adware, you know, that's been predominantly JgTg84tFJqM-00341-00102699-00103153 targeting Windows, you know, the Chrome on Windows JgTg84tFJqM-00342-00103153-00103526 or Edge or Internet Explorer, same kind of idea, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00343-00103526-00103808 Hackers, malware writers have success on that and say, JgTg84tFJqM-00344-00103808-00104140 "Hey, we can import these to Mac pretty easily. JgTg84tFJqM-00345-00104140-00104402 You know, it's kind of cross platform. JgTg84tFJqM-00346-00104402-00104701 These techniques and these malicious extensions we create. JgTg84tFJqM-00347-00104701-00104995 So, you know, why don't we start targeting Mac users JgTg84tFJqM-00348-00104995-00105252 because they're growing in numbers." JgTg84tFJqM-00349-00105252-00105551 So, we're definitely seeing more and more of these Windows, JgTg84tFJqM-00350-00105551-00105778 these kind of like old school or very well known JgTg84tFJqM-00351-00105778-00106035 Windows-based infection vectors and attacks now JgTg84tFJqM-00352-00106035-00106297 kind of showing up targeting Macs specifically. JgTg84tFJqM-00353-00106297-00106650 And it's interesting because I think Mac users maybe JgTg84tFJqM-00354-00106650-00107032 are at more risk because, you know, it's like JgTg84tFJqM-00355-00107032-00107319 what Mac user thinks that they can get a macro virus JgTg84tFJqM-00356-00107319-00107602 on their Mac, like zero, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00357-00107602-00107874 Traditionally, Apple's marketing has kind of put out JgTg84tFJqM-00358-00107874-00108148 the message that Macs are immune. JgTg84tFJqM-00359-00108148-00108416 And so, a lot of Mac users believe that. JgTg84tFJqM-00360-00108416-00108622 So, whereas someone on a Windows computer JgTg84tFJqM-00361-00108622-00108969 might not open a Word document from a random email, JgTg84tFJqM-00362-00108969-00109055 a Mac user might. JgTg84tFJqM-00363-00109055-00109372 So, hackers maybe having better success rate actually JgTg84tFJqM-00364-00109372-00109732 by targeting Mac users using these kind of well-known JgTg84tFJqM-00365-00109732-00110014 techniques that might not fly on Windows anymore. JgTg84tFJqM-00366-00110014-00110097 - Right. JgTg84tFJqM-00367-00110097-00110341 Or, for that matter not know that the Office on a Mac JgTg84tFJqM-00368-00110341-00110507 can support some of that stuff JgTg84tFJqM-00369-00110507-00110869 that would be also running over on the Windows side, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00370-00110869-00110986 You know? - Yeah. JgTg84tFJqM-00371-00110986-00111144 - I wouldn't expect a PPK macro JgTg84tFJqM-00372-00111144-00111329 to just go ahead and run okay. JgTg84tFJqM-00373-00111329-00111419 That's crazy town. JgTg84tFJqM-00374-00111564-00111647 - We love that. JgTg84tFJqM-00375-00111877-00112305 There was a little bit of a follow up from JKBCKR JgTg84tFJqM-00376-00112305-00112516 who asked the PLIST question. JgTg84tFJqM-00377-00112516-00112689 I'll just pop this out here. JgTg84tFJqM-00378-00112689-00113050 Oh, I got it, the zip was placed until the library JgTg84tFJqM-00379-00113050-00113331 and extracted folder called launch agents JgTg84tFJqM-00380-00113331-00113683 with the PLIST inside which is the correct location JgTg84tFJqM-00381-00113683-00113814 for launch agents. JgTg84tFJqM-00382-00113931-00114215 Okay, so a quick follow up, if that's okay. JgTg84tFJqM-00383-00114215-00114393 Does this only work if there was JgTg84tFJqM-00384-00114393-00114783 a no launch agents initially, otherwise archive utility JgTg84tFJqM-00385-00114783-00115163 would rename that launch agents too, right? JgTg84tFJqM-00386-00115163-00115352 - Yes and that's actually a really good point. JgTg84tFJqM-00387-00115352-00115550 So, the reason this generally works JgTg84tFJqM-00388-00115550-00115925 is because on a default install of macOS, JgTg84tFJqM-00389-00115925-00116115 there is no launch agent directory JgTg84tFJqM-00390-00116115-00116250 under the user's directory. JgTg84tFJqM-00391-00116352-00116611 So, there is one in the /Library directory, JgTg84tFJqM-00392-00116611-00116927 and you couldn't write to that location from the sandbox. JgTg84tFJqM-00393-00116927-00117073 So what we could do though, is we could write JgTg84tFJqM-00394-00117073-00117408 to the users library director, ~/Library, JgTg84tFJqM-00395-00117408-00117714 but especially crafted file there. JgTg84tFJqM-00396-00117714-00117913 And then, the archive utility would create JgTg84tFJqM-00397-00117913-00118089 the launch agent directory for us. JgTg84tFJqM-00398-00118089-00118549 Because again, we could also not create or write a PLIST JgTg84tFJqM-00399-00118549-00118810 to that directory because Microsoft's patch JgTg84tFJqM-00400-00118810-00118955 specifically forbade that. JgTg84tFJqM-00401-00118955-00119259 So, yes, if that launch agent directory is already there, JgTg84tFJqM-00402-00119259-00119534 this specific attack venue would fail. JgTg84tFJqM-00403-00119534-00119688 What we could possibly do though JgTg84tFJqM-00404-00119688-00119948 is prey files and other locations, JgTg84tFJqM-00405-00119948-00120425 and perhaps create a, you know, .bashrc file JgTg84tFJqM-00406-00120425-00120813 or some other file that leads to code execution. JgTg84tFJqM-00407-00120813-00120989 Someone also mentioned perhaps, you could do something JgTg84tFJqM-00408-00120989-00121358 with symlinks, so maybe symlink the, you know, put a, JgTg84tFJqM-00409-00121358-00121503 make a zip file with symlinks. JgTg84tFJqM-00410-00121503-00121701 I haven't really dug into that. JgTg84tFJqM-00411-00121701-00122056 But, I think the fact that we can outside the sandbox JgTg84tFJqM-00412-00122056-00122441 create kind of arbitrary files, the launch agent path JgTg84tFJqM-00413-00122441-00122673 was really just the first one I tried that worked, JgTg84tFJqM-00414-00122673-00122842 but there might be other venues JgTg84tFJqM-00415-00122842-00123080 that are more globally applicable JgTg84tFJqM-00416-00123080-00123343 that for example wouldn't fail JgTg84tFJqM-00417-00123343-00123589 if the launch agent directory is... JgTg84tFJqM-00418-00123589-00123728 So, that's a really good question JgTg84tFJqM-00419-00123728-00123956 and an excellent point to make. JgTg84tFJqM-00420-00124238-00124403 - Excellent, okay. JgTg84tFJqM-00421-00124403-00124584 We'll step back for a second to... JgTg84tFJqM-00422-00124584-00124767 Sneakernet has another question. JgTg84tFJqM-00423-00124767-00124960 Are there any Apple specific protocols JgTg84tFJqM-00424-00124960-00125111 you found really interesting? JgTg84tFJqM-00425-00125111-00125413 Protocols can be either inter-processing the same system JgTg84tFJqM-00426-00125413-00125765 or between devices, this is, example Sidecar JgTg84tFJqM-00427-00125765-00125914 between laptop and iPad. JgTg84tFJqM-00428-00126098-00126525 - Yeah, actually the IPC mechanisms in macOS JgTg84tFJqM-00429-00126525-00126873 are full of security vulnerabilities JgTg84tFJqM-00430-00126873-00127057 or have been in the past. JgTg84tFJqM-00431-00127057-00127321 So, one great example is just the handling JgTg84tFJqM-00432-00127321-00127533 of these custom URL schemes. JgTg84tFJqM-00433-00127533-00127822 So, it turns out that if an application JgTg84tFJqM-00434-00127822-00128322 supports a file format or supports a custom URL scheme, JgTg84tFJqM-00435-00128322-00128754 custom URL scheme can be like block://anything. JgTg84tFJqM-00436-00128847-00128977 You know, http would be example, JgTg84tFJqM-00437-00128977-00129332 but applications can also create their own custom JgTg84tFJqM-00438-00129332-00129593 URL handlers as a kind of lightweight I can see mechanism. JgTg84tFJqM-00439-00129593-00129755 And this is used and legitimate. JgTg84tFJqM-00440-00129859-00130118 An application contains a custom URL handler JgTg84tFJqM-00441-00130118-00130441 as soon as it gets the file system macOS JgTg84tFJqM-00442-00130441-00130769 actually parses that application and registers it JgTg84tFJqM-00443-00130769-00130989 as a custom URL handler, JgTg84tFJqM-00444-00130989-00131355 a URL can then be launched from the browser. JgTg84tFJqM-00445-00131355-00131617 Luckily, recent versions of browsers now JgTg84tFJqM-00446-00131617-00131796 will alert the user basically saying, JgTg84tFJqM-00447-00131796-00132283 "Hey, a webpage is trying to make a custom URL request," JgTg84tFJqM-00448-00132283-00132508 but in the past that was not the case. JgTg84tFJqM-00449-00132508-00132827 And we actually saw the WinTail APG group JgTg84tFJqM-00450-00132827-00132956 abuse this technique JgTg84tFJqM-00451-00132956-00133179 to target Mac users specifically. JgTg84tFJqM-00452-00133179-00133441 So, their exploit, you browse through a website JgTg84tFJqM-00453-00133441-00133673 in the background will download an application JgTg84tFJqM-00454-00133673-00133939 that handled a custom URL scheme, JgTg84tFJqM-00455-00133939-00134329 macOS would automatically register that behind the scenes JgTg84tFJqM-00456-00134329-00134619 as soon as that application hit the file system. JgTg84tFJqM-00457-00134619-00134918 Their exploit code would then just make a URL request JgTg84tFJqM-00458-00134918-00135211 from the malicious website which is totally legitimate. JgTg84tFJqM-00459-00135211-00135420 It's something you can do. JgTg84tFJqM-00460-00135420-00135618 MacOS will look and say, "Hey, yeah, I have an application JgTg84tFJqM-00461-00135618-00135701 that can handle that." JgTg84tFJqM-00462-00135701-00135976 And then blindly and naively launch the malware, JgTg84tFJqM-00463-00135976-00136309 which had just been downloaded because it had this... JgTg84tFJqM-00464-00136309-00136519 So, these custom URL schemes JgTg84tFJqM-00465-00136519-00136867 are kind of a Mac specific protocol or an IPC mechanism JgTg84tFJqM-00466-00136867-00137145 where there are some interesting issues, JgTg84tFJqM-00467-00137145-00137376 especially in the past. JgTg84tFJqM-00468-00137376-00137600 I think my other favorite protocol JgTg84tFJqM-00469-00137600-00137975 or IPC mechanism is XPC. JgTg84tFJqM-00470-00137975-00138101 - -Google has done some great work JgTg84tFJqM-00471-00138101-00138323 finding all sorts of vulnerabilities, JgTg84tFJqM-00472-00138323-00138690 some other Google Project Zero such as Brandon researchers JgTg84tFJqM-00473-00138690-00138878 have found bugs as well. JgTg84tFJqM-00474-00138878-00139172 And basically, XPC is just the way where a client JgTg84tFJqM-00475-00139172-00139441 can talk to a usually a privileged server. JgTg84tFJqM-00476-00139441-00139681 And so, it's really good to kind of enumerate JgTg84tFJqM-00477-00139681-00140092 the API end points that the server has. JgTg84tFJqM-00478-00140092-00140264 And, the biggest issue is usually JgTg84tFJqM-00479-00140264-00140460 it doesn't correctly validate the client, JgTg84tFJqM-00480-00140460-00140700 which means once you're on the system, JgTg84tFJqM-00481-00140700-00141025 you perhaps can talk to a trusted service JgTg84tFJqM-00482-00141025-00141215 and do all sorts of nasty things. JgTg84tFJqM-00483-00141215-00141513 This is often, you know, application specific JgTg84tFJqM-00484-00141513-00141712 based on the XPC server, JgTg84tFJqM-00485-00141712-00141967 but Apple has had all sorts of issues here. JgTg84tFJqM-00486-00141967-00142325 So, for example, it'd be a well-known rootpipe vulnerability JgTg84tFJqM-00487-00142325-00142459 was a great example. JgTg84tFJqM-00488-00142459-00142895 There was XPC service running on macOS as Root, JgTg84tFJqM-00489-00142895-00143276 and it would think, create random arbitrary files JgTg84tFJqM-00490-00143276-00143495 and run arbitrary commands as Root, JgTg84tFJqM-00491-00143495-00143670 and then validate the client. JgTg84tFJqM-00492-00143670-00143839 So as soon as you were on the box, JgTg84tFJqM-00493-00143839-00144106 you could just send this XPC protocol request JgTg84tFJqM-00494-00144106-00144367 to this XPC service that was running. JgTg84tFJqM-00495-00144367-00144568 And it'd be like, yeah, I'll run whatever you say. JgTg84tFJqM-00496-00144568-00144842 And so, it was like the easiest best privilege JgTg84tFJqM-00497-00144842-00145022 escalation vulnerability was there. JgTg84tFJqM-00498-00145022-00145425 So, XPC break protocol, Apple specific. JgTg84tFJqM-00499-00145425-00145644 I always look at what kind of servers and applications, JgTg84tFJqM-00500-00145644-00145927 if they have an XPC interface and start auditing those JgTg84tFJqM-00501-00145927-00146207 because oftentimes there's security issues there. JgTg84tFJqM-00502-00146345-00146581 - That's your big blinking red light, huh? JgTg84tFJqM-00503-00146581-00146876 - Yeah, like poke on that, hard. JgTg84tFJqM-00504-00146876-00147016 (laughter) JgTg84tFJqM-00505-00147016-00147125 - Okay. JgTg84tFJqM-00506-00147125-00147344 So we have found ourselves in the last five minutes on this. JgTg84tFJqM-00507-00147344-00147532 If we have any more, really good questions JgTg84tFJqM-00508-00147532-00147769 you wanna drop in here, then please do. JgTg84tFJqM-00509-00147769-00148161 In the meantime, this is when I've taken to asking people JgTg84tFJqM-00510-00148161-00148406 if they have a general call to action, JgTg84tFJqM-00511-00148406-00148622 a something you would like us to take away JgTg84tFJqM-00512-00148622-00148835 from the presentation that you've done, JgTg84tFJqM-00513-00148835-00149065 something that you'd like us all to consider JgTg84tFJqM-00514-00149065-00149176 and move forward with. JgTg84tFJqM-00515-00149320-00149635 - Yeah, I mean, I think you know, JgTg84tFJqM-00516-00149635-00149955 this is probably obvious to anyone listening here, JgTg84tFJqM-00517-00149955-00150373 but a lot of Mac users think that Macs are infallible. JgTg84tFJqM-00518-00150373-00150709 And, this actually puts themselves at risk JgTg84tFJqM-00519-00150709-00150955 because, you know, a lot of Windows users JgTg84tFJqM-00520-00150955-00151455 will maybe participate in best cyber safe practices, JgTg84tFJqM-00521-00151513-00151791 whatever that means, you know, don't download random apps, JgTg84tFJqM-00522-00151791-00152151 click random links and emails, run random applications. JgTg84tFJqM-00523-00152151-00152486 Whereas in macOS, people are prone to do that a little more. JgTg84tFJqM-00524-00152486-00152681 So, you know, just realizing Macs JgTg84tFJqM-00525-00152681-00152846 are just as hackable as Windows, JgTg84tFJqM-00526-00152846-00153001 it's an operating system that runs code. JgTg84tFJqM-00527-00153001-00153385 So, kind of, just kind of stick with that. JgTg84tFJqM-00528-00153385-00153594 The other thing, and this is kind of a self plug, JgTg84tFJqM-00529-00153594-00153867 but it's for free content so I don't feel bad. JgTg84tFJqM-00530-00153867-00154332 In my presentation, I announced a free JgTg84tFJqM-00531-00154332-00154503 macOS book series I'm working on. JgTg84tFJqM-00532-00154503-00155003 So, if you go to taomm.org, theartofmacmalware.org, JgTg84tFJqM-00533-00155081-00155495 I'm working on a free book about Mac malware analysis. JgTg84tFJqM-00534-00155495-00155769 So, it talks a lot about infection vectors, JgTg84tFJqM-00535-00155769-00156064 these property lists, this XPC stuff. JgTg84tFJqM-00536-00156064-00156343 So, if you're interested in, you know, Mac malware, JgTg84tFJqM-00537-00156343-00156640 vulnerability research check it out, it's all free. JgTg84tFJqM-00538-00156640-00156909 The content, I've published the first part JgTg84tFJqM-00539-00156909-00157030 of the first volume. JgTg84tFJqM-00540-00157030-00157316 It's actually, commentable on. JgTg84tFJqM-00541-00157316-00157589 So, you know, if you see an error or you want some input, JgTg84tFJqM-00542-00157589-00157879 you can just add a little comment and I will add that into JgTg84tFJqM-00543-00158031-00158169 and again, it's free resource, JgTg84tFJqM-00544-00158169-00158499 basically trying to help provide more information JgTg84tFJqM-00545-00158499-00158802 for the community so that we can combat JgTg84tFJqM-00546-00158802-00159090 kind of the rising tide of Mac malware JgTg84tFJqM-00547-00159090-00159324 that's definitely coming. JgTg84tFJqM-00548-00159324-00159504 - Well, that's something I can look forward to as well, JgTg84tFJqM-00549-00159504-00159587 so thank you. JgTg84tFJqM-00550-00159587-00159881 If you would be so kind as to drop the URL JgTg84tFJqM-00551-00159881-00160205 for that in the track one and if you were willing to do so JgTg84tFJqM-00552-00160205-00160479 with any other contact information for you JgTg84tFJqM-00553-00160479-00160779 or a Twitter profile or something you want people to follow, JgTg84tFJqM-00554-00160779-00161000 that'd be a good place for that. JgTg84tFJqM-00555-00161000-00161288 - Yeah, I'll put my Twitter, my DMS are open. JgTg84tFJqM-00556-00161288-00161451 Obviously, I'm very passionate about this. JgTg84tFJqM-00557-00161451-00161664 I love the nerd out out talk about this. JgTg84tFJqM-00558-00161664-00162106 So, any questions shoot me a DM and we'll chat, so... JgTg84tFJqM-00559-00162106-00162363 - Excellent and thank you. JgTg84tFJqM-00560-00162363-00162710 That's, we've gotten to the end of the questions JgTg84tFJqM-00561-00162710-00162932 in the live Q&A chat. JgTg84tFJqM-00562-00163058-00163343 I think that you've been a fantastic guest here JgTg84tFJqM-00563-00163343-00163593 and we really appreciate your willingness to come JgTg84tFJqM-00564-00163593-00163771 and build a presentation JgTg84tFJqM-00565-00163771-00164050 and then spend some time with us in the QA. JgTg84tFJqM-00566-00164050-00164133 So, JgTg84tFJqM-00567-00164133-00164274 - Yeah, thank you. JgTg84tFJqM-00568-00164274-00164465 Like I said, it's always an honor to talk at Defcon. JgTg84tFJqM-00569-00164465-00164643 I just feel super appreciative JgTg84tFJqM-00570-00164643-00164762 to be able to share my research JgTg84tFJqM-00571-00164762-00164967 with just the Defcon community. JgTg84tFJqM-00572-00164967-00165230 I mean, they're just the best. JgTg84tFJqM-00573-00165325-00165478 - Well, we're the best because of the people JgTg84tFJqM-00574-00165478-00165631 who decide to come out and do this stuff. JgTg84tFJqM-00575-00165631-00165840 So, thank you all. - Win win. JgTg84tFJqM-00576-00165984-00166158 - Seems like that's about all we have. JgTg84tFJqM-00577-00166158-00166517 So, anybody who wants to do any follow up on this one, JgTg84tFJqM-00578-00166517-00166765 you will have some contact information showing up JgTg84tFJqM-00579-00166765-00166980 and thank you all for showing up JgTg84tFJqM-00580-00166980-00167082 and we'll do more later. JgTg84tFJqM-00581-00167082-00167227 - Cool, see you guys later, JgTg84tFJqM-00582-00167227-00167394 thanks for coming. - Aloha.