QwQrjh2kGJo-00000-00000184-00000768 Little People, Big World fans adore Jacob Roloff, Matt and Amy Roloff’s youngest son. Jacob is no
QwQrjh2kGJo-00001-00000768-00001272 longer on the TLC series, but he seems to take an active interest in Roloff Farms. Recently,
QwQrjh2kGJo-00002-00001272-00001768 Matt posted a photo to his Instagram about a new irrigation system he installed with Jacob’s
QwQrjh2kGJo-00003-00001768-00002320 help — but Matt also noted Jacob has “weird” political differences. Here’s how fans responded. 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00004-00002384-00002446 Matt Roloff called Jacob Roloff’s political differences ‘weird’ in a new post 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00005-00002446-00002920 Matt Roloff frequently posts what’s going on on Roloff Farms. On Jan. 24, 2022, the Little People,
QwQrjh2kGJo-00006-00002920-00003368 Big World star posted a photo of one of his farm projects — a new irrigation system. 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00007-00003432-00003920 “Started this a.m. building the new irrigation manifold for the big house well,” Matt started
QwQrjh2kGJo-00008-00003920-00004440 in his post. Plus, a bunch of other big projects that we did with no time to capture on a photo.
QwQrjh2kGJo-00009-00004440-00004904 Too busy working … and keeping hydraulic fluid in the machines to stop for any photo opps.” 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00010-00004968-00005504 He then detailed how he still found time to spend with Jacob Roloff and Jacob’s wife, Isabel Rock.
QwQrjh2kGJo-00011-00005504-00005912 Additionally, the couple recently had a child, Mateo. “If you knew how many
QwQrjh2kGJo-00012-00005912-00006336 things were accomplished just today while still finding time to hang with Jacob, Izzy,
QwQrjh2kGJo-00013-00006336-00006823 and Mateo for 2.5 hours … then take the light of my world, Caryn, out on a date
QwQrjh2kGJo-00014-00006823-00007295 night … I feel productive,” Matt added. Finally, in an additional text post,
QwQrjh2kGJo-00015-00007295-00007768 Matt commented on Jacob’s politics. “Jacob may have some weird political beliefs but at least
QwQrjh2kGJo-00016-00007768-00008192 his humility to put in a hard days work is showing through,” Matt finally wrote. 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00017-00008192-00008264 Fans are calling out Matt Roloff for what he posted 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00018-00008264-00008656 Jacob Roloff frequently posts his political beliefs to his Instagram. When it comes to
QwQrjh2kGJo-00019-00008656-00009024 the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, he’s posted pro-vaccine and pro-mask-wearing
QwQrjh2kGJo-00020-00009024-00009456 facts to his Instagram Stories. Additionally, he’s called out his family members — like
QwQrjh2kGJo-00021-00009456-00009856 Jeremy Roloff — for posting right-leaning political beliefs he doesn’t believe in. 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00022-00009928-00010416 Matt Roloff and Jacob had a difficult relationship in the past, too. Jacob was reportedly upset
QwQrjh2kGJo-00023-00010416-00010896 by his parents’ divorce, and sources claimed he blamed Matt for what went down within the family.
QwQrjh2kGJo-00024-00010952-00011280 “I think when his parents divorced he put a lot of the blame on his dad,” a
QwQrjh2kGJo-00025-00011280-00011600 source told Radar Online. Now, Little People, Big World
QwQrjh2kGJo-00026-00011600-00012016 fans find Matt’s commentary about Jacob’s “weird” political beliefs offensive. 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00027-00012072-00012536 “I don’t find Jacob’s political beliefs weird at all,” one fan commented on the post. 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00028-00012536-00012936 “I wouldn’t say weird, I think he’s deeply intellectual and thoughtful about life and
QwQrjh2kGJo-00029-00012936-00013408 how things work,” another fan commented. “Why even bring up his political beliefs,
QwQrjh2kGJo-00030-00013408-00013704 and the fact that you think they may be weird?” another fan noted. 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00031-00013704-00013784 Why did Jacob Roloff leave ‘Little People, Big World’? Will he return? 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00032-00013784-00014160 It seems like Jacob Roloff continues to help Matt Roloff with Roloff Farms. And fans would
QwQrjh2kGJo-00033-00014160-00014663 love to see him take over the farm someday. So, with Jacob on the farm more often, will he
QwQrjh2kGJo-00034-00014663-00015191 return to the TLC series. And why did Jacob leave Little People, Big World in the first place? 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00035-00015191-00015672 Jacob announced his departure from the show with a 2016 Instagram post. Within the post,
QwQrjh2kGJo-00036-00015672-00016119 he explained how he saw his family getting turned into caricatures, and he didn’t want to take part
QwQrjh2kGJo-00037-00016119-00016704 in the reality series any longer, as it didn’t feel authentic. Then, in 2020, he made another
QwQrjh2kGJo-00038-00016704-00017200 Instagram post explaining how he was molested by an executive field producer of the show.
QwQrjh2kGJo-00039-00017200-00017576 This further solidified why he wanted to stay out of the reality TV realm. 
QwQrjh2kGJo-00040-00017632-00017952 With that said, Little People, Big World will continue to air
QwQrjh2kGJo-00041-00017952-00018408 with Zach Roloff and Tori Roloff alongside Matt and Amy Roloff
QxnsWI6YxiU-00000-00001211-00001437 Holy moly! JDCR!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00001-00003594-00003739 What? did he react first hit?!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00002-00003905-00004105 Ah, can react and hit second follow-ups...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00003-00011769-00011969 How did he block it?
QxnsWI6YxiU-00004-00016145-00016345 This combo didn't work
QxnsWI6YxiU-00005-00017399-00017599 Does it work?
QxnsWI6YxiU-00006-00023404-00023750 So annoying! why didn't it block!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00007-00026296-00026496 Great wall distance calculate
QxnsWI6YxiU-00008-00027988-00028101 This move was slow...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00009-00028606-00028806 I can't beat him...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00010-00028911-00029111 I was just normal player...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00011-00031600-00031800 What?! why
QxnsWI6YxiU-00012-00033359-00033559 This damage...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00013-00034552-00034752 It feels like... fight against huge wall
QxnsWI6YxiU-00014-00035333-00035533 I missed too much diagonal input
QxnsWI6YxiU-00015-00037640-00037840 I can react and do low parry this move now
QxnsWI6YxiU-00016-00038443-00038643 Okokokok
QxnsWI6YxiU-00017-00038643-00039041 I caught one point! If I did wave dash pressure, could shake him
QxnsWI6YxiU-00018-00039262-00039367 What?!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00019-00040095-00040295 Really good player...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00020-00042928-00043179 Please! Win this game. I have to break straight victories!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00021-00044830-00045030 Hey! this punish!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00022-00046415-00046726 Ahhh... Finally got one game!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00023-00047124-00047414 Hey! how much were you hit by this setup! remember this 
QxnsWI6YxiU-00024-00050688-00050888 This whiff punish is so fast
QxnsWI6YxiU-00025-00056558-00056758 He is really good player...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00026-00057904-00058186 I can't do sidestep freely...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00027-00058659-00058859 Too strong... too much
QxnsWI6YxiU-00028-00060105-00060325 Don't do sidestep! let's play 2D game
QxnsWI6YxiU-00029-00061668-00061974 Please don't do sidestep....2D play like Kuma
QxnsWI6YxiU-00030-00062577-00062634 Nice!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00031-00063528-00063728 Hard to punish this, really tight frame
QxnsWI6YxiU-00032-00068198-00068398 Noooooooo...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00033-00070271-00070426 I can do it!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00034-00071324-00071414 Let's go!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00035-00073213-00073582 How much were you hit this setup you stone head! Same setup!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00036-00074974-00075174 my reaction was late
QxnsWI6YxiU-00037-00075453-00075653 I was late!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00038-00079842-00080042 Nice whiff punish!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00039-00081159-00081359 His distance control is really awesome
QxnsWI6YxiU-00040-00081695-00081895 Ahhh! I thought he did charge move and I used high kick
QxnsWI6YxiU-00041-00082717-00082917 I think he expected I would use hellsweep
QxnsWI6YxiU-00042-00085459-00085659 Didn't it work? unfair
QxnsWI6YxiU-00043-00087303-00087503 Sorry... I have lack of faith to carry to wall
QxnsWI6YxiU-00044-00089310-00089589 Ah, I have to think about this counter move
QxnsWI6YxiU-00045-00089793-00089993 He really seek counter move...does it from experience?
QxnsWI6YxiU-00046-00090092-00090292 So tight punish frame!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00047-00090972-00091172 That punish frame is sooooo unfair!!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00048-00091613-00091718 Screwed!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00049-00092919-00093119 I want to turn a table this round!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00050-00096439-00096639 Ok, I got a chance!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00051-00096725-00096925 Ahhhh..
QxnsWI6YxiU-00052-00098045-00098245 He waited this!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00053-00101475-00101765 Ahh... I ducked and used ws1+2!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00054-00102383-00102716 I can't believe still have hp...
QxnsWI6YxiU-00055-00102864-00103064 How did he avoid this!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00056-00103500-00103847 Oh! can d 1+2 counter high kick?
QxnsWI6YxiU-00057-00106079-00106393 Wow! Thank you for no revenge match!
QxnsWI6YxiU-00058-00106420-00106811 Thank you!! really!
Q-9QHEMTyzM-00000-00001100-00001800 Telugu actress Tanya Desai bags film starring Rahul Roy
Q-9QHEMTyzM-00001-00001900-00003300 Telugu actress Tanya Desai bags film starring Rahul Roy Telugu actress Tanya Desai says she plays the love interest of actor Rahul Roy's on-screen son in the upcoming film 'Night and Fog'.
Q-9QHEMTyzM-00002-00003400-00004800 Mumbai: Telugu actress Tanya Desai says she plays the love interest of actor Rahul Roy's on-screen son in the upcoming film 'Night and Fog'. "I'm playing the lover of Rahul's son.
Q-9QHEMTyzM-00003-00004900-00005900 My character is called Chirutha. It's a journey of a 18-year-old woman who had been seduced and raped by a guy whom she loved.
Q-9QHEMTyzM-00004-00006000-00007000 The woman gets pregnant and the society doesn't accept her. So they cut her hair and throw her out of the village," Tanya said in a statement.
Q-9QHEMTyzM-00005-00007100-00008600 "Then begins her journey of how she travels, gives birth to her child and that baby dies." She describes her character as strong and feels it will change the image of a woman. "I enjoyed working with Rahul.
Q-9QHEMTyzM-00006-00008700-00010100 He is such a good actor and a humble person. He is a star for me. It's a film within a film. I'm lucky to be a part of that film. It will release next year," she said.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00000-00000264-00000634 FRANCISCO SORIANO AND PETER CORDENONSI
Q-tO06kDQMM-00001-00000705-00001043 PRESENT
Q-tO06kDQMM-00002-00001182-00001569 A MOVIE OF ONE BRAZIL'S DARKEST PERIODS
Q-tO06kDQMM-00003-00002866-00003326 Hard times... It was a very sad period for each one of us.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00004-00003414-00003822 We used to get worried about uncle Francisco
Q-tO06kDQMM-00005-00003882-00004250 due to the concern about someone that had gone through such a trauma, one would
Q-tO06kDQMM-00006-00004250-00004358 [ Francisco´s niece and sister ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00007-00004390-00004790 usually take medicines, visit psychiatrists here and there, but not him. He lives the life.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00008-00004790-00005266 He is such a zen, playing his accordion, his music. He believes in humanity.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00009-00005360-00005747 DURING THE DICTATORSHIP YEARS, "THE LEAD YEARS"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00010-00005938-00006406 YOUNG STUDENTS CHOSE DEFENDING FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY OVER PARTIES
Q-tO06kDQMM-00011-00006642-00007120 THEY FOUGHT, THEY WERE TORTURED AND MANY DID NOT SURVIVE
Q-tO06kDQMM-00012-00007479-00007747 ONE OF THEM DECIDED, AS HIS MISSION,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00013-00007751-00008086 TO TELL "THE STORY OF THE RESISTENT ONES"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00014-00008445-00008764 HE WAS BORN IN TEÓFILO OTONI, MINAS GERAIS STATE
Q-tO06kDQMM-00015-00008768-00008989 IN 1964, HE LIVED IN RIO DE JANEIRO
Q-tO06kDQMM-00016-00009087-00009351 HE STILLS DREAMS OF A BETTER COUNTRY
Q-tO06kDQMM-00017-00009355-00009645 AND A MORE HUMANE SOCIETY
Q-tO06kDQMM-00018-00009869-00010319 HE MET MANY FELLOWS WHO SHARED THOSE SAME DREAMS
Q-tO06kDQMM-00019-00010567-00010819 THE BIG DEPARTURE THE LEAD YEARS
Q-tO06kDQMM-00020-00010846-00011462 The Brazilian military dictatorship invented a lot of myths during its ruling time.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00021-00011522-00012074 For instance, the idea that repression was a reaction due to the armed struggle.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00022-00012074-00012622 It´s complete lie! The Military hard-liners took over the government authority.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00023-00012754-00013170 They violated the constitution, deposed a legitimate president, established
Q-tO06kDQMM-00024-00013270-00013930 censorship, coerced the judicial system, dreadfully arrested many people.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00025-00013930-00014806 All this before the armed struggle. Once the underground political action had its
Q-tO06kDQMM-00026-00014914-00015506 beginning, they were already using all the violent means, trying to carry all before one.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00027-00015694-00016090 At the time of the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, I was a newly graduate lawyer.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00028-00016090-00016194 [ Lawyer ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00029-00016242-00016770 I used to work in a very modest office
Q-tO06kDQMM-00030-00016770-00017082 I remember one day I went there,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00031-00017130-00017530 there was a rally that was supposed to be a public meeting to support the government.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00032-00017670-00018122 Lots of people looking at the sky, looking at the streets.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00033-00018122-00018630 Suddenly, from the streets there came tanks, and the people applauded them.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00034-00018722-00019022 They thought they were tanks supporting the government.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00035-00019082-00019450 Shortly after, they noticed that the Army soldiers were carrying
Q-tO06kDQMM-00036-00019450-00019882 their fixed bayonets... behind those tanks.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00037-00019882-00020406 While people were applauding, the tank cannons were rotated.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00038-00020562-00021390 As soon as people began booing them, soldiers started banishing people from there.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00039-00021474-00021874 There were protestations against them, some were shouting at them and,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00040-00021978-00022522 meanwhile, two men shot into the crowd. I saw it happen, a man fell down near me.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00041-00022774-00023282 The pair who shot ran towards the Military Club,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00042-00023282-00023634 on the corner of Rio Branco Ave. and Santa Luzia St.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00043-00023742-00024166 They entered the building and immediately the gates were shut&
Q-tO06kDQMM-00044-00024226-00024586 and we realized: the Coup had taken the streets over. Exactly on April 1st.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00045-00024658-00025302 Nobody wants to be neither coupist nor rebellious.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00046-00025354-00025514 [ Historian ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00047-00025574-00025942 That´s why in the beginning, maybe by distraction,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00048-00026034-00026534 what they called The April 1st 1964 Revolution.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00049-00026534-00026938 Before long, they realized April 1st was known as the Fools' Day.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00050-00026938-00027518 It was even invented that that was a redemptive "Revolution". One that saved
Q-tO06kDQMM-00051-00027606-00027918 the west from the communist expansion, celebrated on March 31st.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00052-00028070-00028434 Actually, we´re not talking about a revolution. That was a counter-revolutionary
Q-tO06kDQMM-00053-00028558-00028818 project of some Brazilian capitalist groups, with a kind of commitment to
Q-tO06kDQMM-00054-00028974-00029374 some military branches, to control the progress of peoples´ rightly struggle -
Q-tO06kDQMM-00055-00029374-00030010 that in a way was being stimulated by reformist politics of João Goulart´s
Q-tO06kDQMM-00056-00030090-00030702 populist government. Since the very beginning of our colonization period,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00057-00030914-00031278 all the Elite politics, leading politics, defended the land property concentration.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00058-00031302-00031806 It means that if one messed with them, one would have opposed the capitalist society.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00059-00031866-00032314 That was an idea of someone who would be considered a communist at a later time.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00060-00032398-00032798 First of all, the Military Coup put an end to people´s dreams,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00061-00032946-00033342 - dreams about a reformed country.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00062-00033390-00033462 [ Economist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00063-00033498-00033938 the word "reform" sounded as an order. It is so because we had been
Q-tO06kDQMM-00064-00033938-00034382 because we had been waiting for Rural Reform, Urban Reform, University Reform
Q-tO06kDQMM-00065-00034382-00035010 for an improvement of our own sovereignty over our own country and our own riches,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00066-00035078-00035622 so that these riches would bring us a bettered social equality,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00067-00035622-00035986 social justice. It was part of the plan,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00068-00036018-00036542 flowing into a government which had no better perspective. Something interestingly
Q-tO06kDQMM-00069-00036610-00037010 good in the pre-coup period was a Mining political faction
Q-tO06kDQMM-00070-00037106-00037518 that we started in Minas Gerais, with Geology and Engineering students.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00071-00037690-00038062 In February 1964, they organized a great meeting
Q-tO06kDQMM-00072-00038334-00038682 that was called "No Ore Gives Minerals Twice".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00073-00038806-00039442 The idea was to discuss Brazil´s own sovereignty over its own resources,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00074-00039442-00039834 that were already in the hands of transnational corporations,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00075-00039974-00040146 mainly American, but English ones too.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00076-00040274-00040738 THE PATH OF THE COUP (FROM GETÚLIO TO GOULART)
Q-tO06kDQMM-00077-00040798-00041246 - Could Janio Quadros be considered representative of a 64 kind of coup attempt
Q-tO06kDQMM-00078-00041298-00041486 without weapons?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00079-00041574-00041742 - Partly, yes.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00080-00042154-00042754 to the IMF in order to control inflation
Q-tO06kDQMM-00081-00042930-00043254 In general terms, that´s what happened.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00082-00043254-00043570 But not from the external point of view. No.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00083-00043570-00043926 From the external point of view, that was a main cause for the fall of President
Q-tO06kDQMM-00084-00043926-00044326 Jânio Quadros. He established an independent foreign policy. It is, however,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00085-00044430-00044894 important to know that attempts at coup had been made for quite some time.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00086-00044894-00045822 In 1954, the crisis after Vargas´ suicide was part of a coup attempt.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00087-00045926-00046326 There was even an upper school of war in operation.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00088-00046326-00046582 Golbery was already working.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00089-00046630-00046986 even found a way to overthrow João Goulart as Minister of Labor
Q-tO06kDQMM-00090-00047058-00047430 when he proposed to raise the monthly minimum wage to 100% of it,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00091-00047526-00047678 which was frozen since the 40s.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00092-00047766-00048038 They also released "The Manifesto of the Colonels" and
Q-tO06kDQMM-00093-00048186-00048482 practically removed João Goulart from the Ministry of Labor. President Getúlio
Q-tO06kDQMM-00094-00048530-00048882 complied with that, but the 100% increase in the minimum wage was approved.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00095-00049026-00049478 I clearly remember the day Getúlio died. I mean, the suicide,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00096-00049590-00049762 that actually was a murder.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00097-00049910-00050386 I had been working before I went to Acre Street, towards the crowd
Q-tO06kDQMM-00098-00050386-00050694 that wanted to invade the Globo newspaper building.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00099-00050726-00050954 But there they had their big gateways and it was impossible to enter the building.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00100-00051006-00051426 So, we attacked their vehicles used for newspaper distribution.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00101-00051494-00051634 Then we planned a direct attack on
Q-tO06kDQMM-00102-00051706-00051942 the Tribuna da Imprensa newspaper
Q-tO06kDQMM-00103-00051998-00052434 When we got there, the building had already been surrounded by the Air Force soldiers
Q-tO06kDQMM-00104-00052554-00052902 carrying their machine guns and rifles with fixed bayonets. In that case, I went home.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00105-00053010-00053598 The 60s ground a national development that had been tried since the government of
Q-tO06kDQMM-00106-00053658-00054130 President JK, purportedly meant for freedom.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00107-00054170-00054626 Then, we are able to see some improvements in Brazil.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00108-00054734-00055098 As the process of industrialization starts, a new Middle Class arises from it,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00109-00055206-00055466 and, expressing the origin of this class, some movements are created.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00110-00055506-00055666 [ Journalist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00111-00055754-00056338 We had cultural movements such as Bossa Nova, the "Cinema Novo" film movement
Q-tO06kDQMM-00112-00056462-00056714 and a national pride grounding.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00113-00056714-00057122 A strong motivation for the development of this national pride awareness took place
Q-tO06kDQMM-00114-00057218-00057746 when Brazil won its first World Cup,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00115-00057841-00058329 THE SIXTIES
Q-tO06kDQMM-00116-00058410-00058750 I have no regrets. I could do everything again. I would have done it even better.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00117-00058862-00059262 I just wouldn´t have made some mistakes.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00118-00059262-00059338 - What mistakes are these?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00119-00059470-00059970 - One mistake is that we were too idealists, such as dreamers.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00120-00059970-00060250 Sometimes we behaved like sectarians,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00121-00060310-00060510 [ Lutheran Priest ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00122-00060570-00061226 sometimes we discriminated against a comrade who stood for another ideology.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00123-00061366-00061942 There was a bit of vanity. Some mistakes, you know. A mistake that is also some sort
Q-tO06kDQMM-00124-00062002-00062794 of ideological purism. Despite being Christian, I considered myself a
Q-tO06kDQMM-00125-00062910-00063270 Christian-Marxist, and it was
Q-tO06kDQMM-00126-00063334-00063810 The Marxism, Leninism etc were forms of a kind of dogma. Actually, I would have been
Q-tO06kDQMM-00127-00063878-00064514 less dogmatic, and would not have behaved like a Manichaean
Q-tO06kDQMM-00128-00064570-00064786 who would split this country into two parts: pure and impure ones.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00129-00064786-00065098 The pure ones were the leftists,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00130-00065166-00065402 and the degree of pureness would depend
Q-tO06kDQMM-00131-00065462-00065702 on the political-ideological level of the person.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00132-00065702-00066390 I would have been more humane, probably. Despite being a Christian man,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00133-00066454-00067094 I also had a hard time, as many others who once said "let´s save the world".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00134-00067170-00067294 In other words, it was like a triumphalism.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00135-00067338-00067498 There is a song by Gilberto Gil that says:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00136-00067570-00067826 "those who did not sleep in a sleeping bag did not even dream".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00137-00067826-00068066 We slept in a "sleeping bag".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00138-00068194-00068570 No doubt there were moments of sorrowful experience,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00139-00068602-00068974 though very rich in meaning, in the sense that we had the opportunity to try.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00140-00068974-00069162 We thought we could change the world.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00141-00069298-00069698 The International Conjuncture of the ´60s was progressive.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00142-00069898-00070366 The fight for Civil Rights and Racial Equality assumed a high-profile role
Q-tO06kDQMM-00143-00070534-00070934 in the U.S.A, with movements such as the Black Power and Black Panthers
Q-tO06kDQMM-00144-00071054-00071398 boldly confronting the white capitalist establishment.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00145-00071458-00072374 The May 1968 took place in France. Actually, there were various
Q-tO06kDQMM-00146-00072502-00073002 international movements standing for a progressive cultural improvement.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00147-00073086-00074038 However, the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état was established out of this international way.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00148-00074038-00074242 In fact, that´s an event that not only happened in Brazil,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00149-00074242-00074690 but also in other Latin America countries.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00150-00074690-00074954 [ Sociologist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00151-00074954-00075322 Because in Latin America there were other countries in the same situation,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00152-00075522-00075946 on the occasion Latin America was passing through changes and
Q-tO06kDQMM-00153-00075974-00076758 moving towards the solution of its own chronic difficulties and social differences.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00154-00076758-00077418 In many of these Latin countries, the way of treating this situation was quite similar.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00155-00077593-00077771 OPERATION CONDOR
Q-tO06kDQMM-00156-00077774-00078015 Then, there was Operation Condor,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00157-00078019-00078242 which was the articulation
Q-tO06kDQMM-00158-00078246-00078535 between all Latin American dictatorships.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00159-00078538-00078901 Operation Condor did work as an articulation,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00160-00078905-00079155 in which Brazil was a key component,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00161-00079158-00079413 in supplying theoretic schemes
Q-tO06kDQMM-00162-00079417-00079886 of many torture methods. Everyone knows that.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00163-00079890-00080327 Brazilians were torture teachers to all Latin America.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00164-00080335-00080563 If you search the Brazilian records,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00165-00080566-00081018 you'll find Brazil's participation in Operation Condor.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00166-00081021-00081254 You won't find them in Brazil,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00167-00081257-00081617 but if you look in Chile, Paraguay,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00168-00081620-00081878 Uruguay and Argentina
Q-tO06kDQMM-00169-00081881-00082307 we can find the interface of it all.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00170-00082313-00082684 For instance, I recall Martin, the lawyer,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00171-00082691-00082926 showing me Mariguela's biography.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00172-00082930-00083281 Every record that was found here
Q-tO06kDQMM-00173-00083284-00083646 had exact copies in other countries.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00174-00083650-00083867 Modesto, to which extent,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00175-00083871-00084310 can this help, or even demoralize
Q-tO06kDQMM-00176-00084394-00084943 the actions of those who want to keep the truth concealed?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00177-00084988-00085477 We've got signs and proof that such records, abroad,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00178-00085480-00085835 links Brazil with the whole articulation.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00179-00085838-00086240 If the Brazilian Government refuses to show their records,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00180-00086244-00086714 the same records can be exposed from abroad.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00181-00086718-00086998 This could make the Brazilian authorities look bad
Q-tO06kDQMM-00182-00087001-00087239 for trying to conceal the truth.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00183-00087242-00087491 It will be revealed.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00184-00087495-00087916 Martin himself says that he's got a plethora of documents
Q-tO06kDQMM-00185-00087919-00088281 having even brought a few as models and examples,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00186-00088284-00088794 linking Brazilian authorities to Operation Condor,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00187-00088797-00089087 as well as the torturers and their victims.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00188-00089090-00089383 The Government keeps stating
Q-tO06kDQMM-00189-00089387-00089895 that their part in the continental and worldwide torture and killings
Q-tO06kDQMM-00190-00089898-00090205 is a meager one. That's not true.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00191-00090208-00090419 Major Pires Sergueira
Q-tO06kDQMM-00192-00090422-00090921 died during the international articulation of Operation Condor
Q-tO06kDQMM-00193-00090924-00091428 because he plotted the escape of Col. Gerson de Alencar Osório.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00194-00091505-00091627 THE FEAR
Q-tO06kDQMM-00195-00091696-00092092 It´s very difficult to get someone to head an union, to hand out pamphlets.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00196-00092092-00092464 This is because of a certain kind of cultural habit.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00197-00092600-00093140 Till nowadays people have this concern over receiving pamphlets
Q-tO06kDQMM-00198-00093168-00094024 and no fear of giving it away. So, where does it come from? This repressive fear?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00199-00094136-00094612 That´s the culture of fear. I commented on this when I was discussing
Q-tO06kDQMM-00200-00094612-00094972 about something that is happening in Teófilo Otoni. Then someone said:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00201-00095020-00095300 "but I have fear" - this is what is really dangerous.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00202-00095364-00095788 During the strikes period, we went on our first strike and it was the opportunity
Q-tO06kDQMM-00203-00095972-00096372 for me to make the jump from
Q-tO06kDQMM-00204-00096556-00096956 People were afraid of going on strike, and so was I. But we were continuously
Q-tO06kDQMM-00205-00096988-00097388 struggling with it and making progress. There are two ways to oppress: one way is
Q-tO06kDQMM-00206-00097500-00098244 to arrest and punish people. It has an end, but it also incites grievances and anger.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00207-00098352-00099056 And when someone finally escapes maltreatments
Q-tO06kDQMM-00208-00099092-00099292 it is over.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00209-00099432-00099668 Even so, there is another kind of oppression that is sweet: If you do that,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00210-00099768-00100264 you will find yourself in great danger". This kind of oppression is the most harmful.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00211-00100400-00100716 Due to such an oppression we have such kind of fear.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00212-00100865-00101076 THE WORKER
Q-tO06kDQMM-00213-00101080-00101299 I went to work at a factory
Q-tO06kDQMM-00214-00101302-00101763 aiming to be reborn as a worker.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00215-00101766-00101972 That's very sane, isn't it?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00216-00101975-00102189 To move out of my class
Q-tO06kDQMM-00217-00102192-00102428 and be reborn as a worker
Q-tO06kDQMM-00218-00102432-00102836 so that I could see how the workman and the workwoman
Q-tO06kDQMM-00219-00102840-00103339 live in the greatest industrial city of Latin America, São Paulo.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00220-00103343-00103665 It was a rebirth experience to me,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00221-00103668-00104082 which made me humbler then when I started,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00222-00104085-00104402 thinking that I had some "truth" to teach them.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00223-00104405-00104744 Then, I gradually realized that their lives
Q-tO06kDQMM-00224-00104747-00105194 were the actual milestones that would pace the changes.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00225-00105197-00105654 I found out that my goal was to help them
Q-tO06kDQMM-00226-00105658-00105988 to become self-aware.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00227-00105991-00106290 Of their rights, their potential,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00228-00106293-00106468 their dignity,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00229-00106472-00106651 and develop self-esteem
Q-tO06kDQMM-00230-00106655-00107041 to become the subjects of their own stories.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00231-00107044-00107371 That notion gained strength on the exile,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00232-00107374-00107736 when I worked with Paulo Freire for 4 years.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00233-00107739-00107995 That was his vision
Q-tO06kDQMM-00234-00107998-00108375 and that was when I started re-discovering
Q-tO06kDQMM-00235-00108378-00108583 the meaning of the revolution.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00236-00108586-00108930 The revolution is not conquering the Government
Q-tO06kDQMM-00237-00108934-00109247 in order to obtain all the solutions from it.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00238-00109251-00109622 Rather, it is the construction of a society
Q-tO06kDQMM-00239-00109626-00109938 in which each individual becomes the subject
Q-tO06kDQMM-00240-00109941-00110333 of himself, his story and his development.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00241-00110337-00110651 That was a major learning to me:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00242-00110654-00110879 to quit my job as a geologist
Q-tO06kDQMM-00243-00110883-00111353 and become a factory worker for two years,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00244-00111356-00111832 enduring the awful work conditions,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00245-00111836-00111989 12 hours a day,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00246-00111993-00112439 in one of the greatest transnational foundries
Q-tO06kDQMM-00247-00112442-00112592 in São Paulo.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00248-00112592-00112974 I t was a Mercedes-Benz subsidiary company.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00249-00112978-00113423 We had a mandatory 12-hour daily shift
Q-tO06kDQMM-00250-00113427-00113662 plus overtime.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00251-00113666-00113996 It was a terrible setting,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00252-00114000-00114522 a huge hangar, with 150 workers in that section alone.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00253-00114526-00114885 The factory had a total of 3,000 workers.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00254-00114889-00115281 It was then that the military coup reason became clear.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00255-00115285-00115697 So that the capital holders would have the full authority
Q-tO06kDQMM-00256-00115700-00115940 to crush the working class.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00257-00115944-00116386 So, to sensitize the workers to join the union
Q-tO06kDQMM-00258-00116390-00116741 was marred with a plethora of hindrances.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00259-00116744-00117080 Joining the union was already a big taboo.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00260-00117084-00117328 It was risking being arrested,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00261-00117331-00117815 of being seen as one with ties to those opposing the system.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00262-00117952-00118175 Standard procedures today,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00263-00118178-00118652 which were then considered great acts of heroism.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00264-00118655-00118943 Besides the union had been infiltrated,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00265-00118947-00119234 ran by undercover Government agents.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00266-00119235-00119566 They organized the council with the Intelligence.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00267-00119570-00119840 It was a series of risks we undertook
Q-tO06kDQMM-00268-00119843-00120052 in forming what ended up being
Q-tO06kDQMM-00269-00120056-00120398 the São Paulo's Metallurgic Opposition Union.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00270-00120401-00120577 SINDIPETRO RIO DE JANEIRO
Q-tO06kDQMM-00271-00120580-00121031 The main concern of the dominating classes,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00272-00121034-00121177 the oppressors,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00273-00121181-00121613 is the working class.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00274-00121652-00121977 In the coup of the year 1964,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00275-00121980-00122505 the first targets were the workers.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00276-00122508-00122826 Effectively, their allies...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00277-00122829-00123275 Some call the workers a powder keg,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00278-00123278-00123609 and the students movement, the fuse.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00279-00123613-00124166 That immediately hit UNE, because they were allies.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00280-00124179-00124663 The first issue was considering strikes an anti-government crime.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00281-00124666-00124981 The first order given to unions
Q-tO06kDQMM-00282-00124984-00125284 was to extinguish all the communists.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00283-00125312-00125724 The Workers General Central and other articulations
Q-tO06kDQMM-00284-00125727-00125994 were shut down or disposed of,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00285-00125997-00126227 and their leaders, arrested.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00286-00126230-00126766 All of our five dictators had the same speech:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00287-00126822-00127218 to crush the social movements and the left-wing party
Q-tO06kDQMM-00288-00127222-00127536 align Brazil with the US
Q-tO06kDQMM-00289-00127539-00127859 and a major economy serving the greater capital.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00290-00127939-00128122 P.C.B. (THE BIG PARTY)
Q-tO06kDQMM-00291-00128212-00128800 I used to work in quarries, breaking stones, from the age of 8 until 16.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00292-00128920-00129292 In 1945, when I was about to
Q-tO06kDQMM-00293-00129468-00129908 the visit of Luis Carlos Prestes to Uberlândia was scheduled.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00294-00130000-00130292 There were many laborers in Uberlândia and it seemed to be somewhat original.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00295-00130364-00130716 That´s why the city was known as "The Brazilian Little Moscow".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00296-00130800-00131172 When the one Bishop in the surroundings knew that Prestes would be visiting
Q-tO06kDQMM-00297-00131276-00131620 Uberlândia, he went there and called all these influential people - Priests, catholic
Q-tO06kDQMM-00298-00131708-00132108 high-ups, the authorities - and decided that the Priests should go in procession
Q-tO06kDQMM-00299-00132108-00132524 in order to discourage the rally that would be organized by communists.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00300-00132792-00133136 And these were his words:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00301-00133160-00133676 casting out these demons and bringing this rally to an end". In my case,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00302-00133776-00134512 instead of joining the procession, I attended the rally, independently.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00303-00134512-00135048 At the place where the rally took place, there were all kinds of people,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00304-00135160-00135804 mainly laborers. When Prestes appeared before us, I felt great empathy.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00305-00135804-00136216 I stared at him and thought to myself: "is he really a child eater commie?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00306-00136384-00136656 Is he like that dangerous figure of whom people speak at the Church?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00307-00136696-00137096 He can not be that man, he looks like Jesus Christ".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00308-00137096-00137436 In fact, he looked like the captive Jesus carrying his cross.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00309-00137612-00137984 When Prestes spoke to us,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00310-00138020-00138284 as if he was speaking to me.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00311-00138400-00138800 The others felt the same thing. Actually, everybody understood what he said.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00312-00138908-00139308 He spoke about the reality in which I lived. He spoke about my life.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00313-00139528-00140048 He knew how to describe things and how to show the way out.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00314-00140136-00140904 That´s how this rally turned me upside down.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00315-00140904-00141780 Since then, I not only voted Prestes for Senator in 1945, I finally understood
Q-tO06kDQMM-00316-00141812-00142460 that I was at the wrong Church. In fact, the churches preached the same thing.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00317-00142516-00143348 That´s how I became a communist, a socialist.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00318-00143354-00143815 BRAZIL'S COMMUNIST PARTY WAS FOUNDED IN 1922
Q-tO06kDQMM-00319-00143984-00144479 IN 1961, THE NAME IS CHANGED TO BRAZILIAN COMMUNIST PARTY
Q-tO06kDQMM-00320-00144720-00145152 I used to study History and I also had connections to PCB,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00321-00145228-00145656 though I didn´t agree with their political line.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00322-00145656-00145888 [ Psychologist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00323-00145968-00146416 Later on, I joined the splinter group from PC, there was the famous DI, and, after that,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00324-00146416-00146876 I got involved with the Revolutionary Movement 8th October (MR-8).
Q-tO06kDQMM-00325-00146876-00147392 However, I still didn´t fully agree with their political line.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00326-00147492-00147856 I began disagreeing with the Communist Party, with their pacific way,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00327-00147996-00148396 with the priority that was being given to the parliamentary position,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00328-00148456-00148748 and I distrusted the armed struggle too.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00329-00148772-00149076 wouldn´t lead us to a good end, I didn´t know a good way to go through.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00330-00149220-00149668 At the time of the Brazilian coup d'état
Q-tO06kDQMM-00331-00149668-00149964 It was a deeply disturbing event,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00332-00149964-00150220 [ Journalist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00333-00150272-00150772 Many people were arrested in the city. My father was under arrest.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00334-00150772-00151112 In 1965, I went to Belo Horizonte
Q-tO06kDQMM-00335-00151112-00151444 to study and to fight dictatorship.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00336-00151716-00152208 In short, that´s what prevailed during the 60s. To fight in order to succeed
Q-tO06kDQMM-00337-00152208-00152884 in bringing down dictatorship. The Resistance, even after the AI-5.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00338-00152964-00153596 I didn´t get involved with the armed struggle because we believed in another way.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00339-00153596-00153944 The struggle among laborers. I was affiliated with POLOP,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00340-00153944-00154240 a group dedicated to workers organization and Labor Policy.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00341-00154364-00154896 The POLOP defended the armed struggle, but not at that exact moment. It is so
Q-tO06kDQMM-00342-00154896-00155276 because the idea was that the working class would have to be perfectly organized first,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00343-00155352-00155636 once they thought the dictatorship was solid and that it would be
Q-tO06kDQMM-00344-00155636-00156120 impossible to bring it down militarily.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00345-00156236-00156448 I used to live in Teófilo Otoni, the city that Soriano is from.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00346-00156644-00157056 My friend, my brother comrade, now it goes.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00347-00157056-00157324 How are you doing? Good? This is the man.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00348-00157444-00157772 I was arrested as Vice president of UNE (National Students Union), in Ibiúna,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00349-00157820-00158192 encircled on all sides by the Military Police from São Paulo,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00350-00158192-00158540 and by the Civil Police that used to be called DOPS.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00351-00158568-00158768 [ Engineer ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00352-00158808-00159128 We spent 2 years in prison. Either way, I was lucky
Q-tO06kDQMM-00353-00159200-00159440 because I´ve found so many friends, resisters, and one of them is you.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00354-00159520-00160000 - I remember when you went to testify and there were those three sergeants with us,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00355-00160032-00160272 who felt for you and said:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00356-00160328-00160688 "just want to see whether you´re going to handcuff our comrade Edson".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00357-00160792-00161192 Isn´t it enough three soldiers and a Doberman dog?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00358-00161192-00161600 Men armed with machine guns just to take you to the next block.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00359-00161812-00162212 - The Police came making that hellish noise
Q-tO06kDQMM-00360-00162212-00162616 and bringing a group of thirteen friends - tied and bloodstained.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00361-00162700-00163096 Then I started screaming: "Surrender, Corisco! No, I wont surrender!
Q-tO06kDQMM-00362-00163144-00163292 I'm not a bird to live in a prison."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00363-00163356-00163648 I only wanted to tell them that
Q-tO06kDQMM-00364-00163704-00164072 "We were not birds and one day we would leave that place".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00365-00164072-00164472 All of them said that it was like a balsam for their souls.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00366-00164572-00164972 They felt relieved: "well, there is someone here. We're all in the same boat".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00367-00165551-00166021 THE CITY, TEEMING WITH GEMS, WAS PLANNED AND SET UP
Q-tO06kDQMM-00368-00166193-00166702 IN STRAIGHT LINES, NO ALLEYS AND WINDING LINES FROM THE COURT
Q-tO06kDQMM-00369-00167022-00167272 WORDS OF TEÓFILO OTTONI, ITS FOUNDER,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00370-00167275-00167596 A HARSH CRITIC OF THE BRAZILIAN EMPIRE
Q-tO06kDQMM-00371-00168059-00168320 FRANCISCO'S ORIGIN
Q-tO06kDQMM-00372-00168455-00168911 What I most admire about my father is the respect...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00373-00168999-00169175 he´s always had for ideas in general.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00374-00169211-00169411 [ Francisco´s Sister ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00375-00169411-00169939 When he married my mother, she belonged to a traditional Catholic family
Q-tO06kDQMM-00376-00170047-00170515 and he was Spiritist, despite his Catholic origins. However, they agreed
Q-tO06kDQMM-00377-00170651-00171175 no religious controversy between them.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00378-00171243-00171595 She used to say things like: "knowledge is what nobody takes from you",
Q-tO06kDQMM-00379-00171595-00172015 "better lose the saddle than the horse" etc.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00380-00172063-00172463 You spoke of our father when you mentioned the idea of religious tolerance.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00381-00172643-00172963 See that it may be related to the Enlightenment ideas.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00382-00172963-00173367 During the Age of Reason, the ideas of religious freedom and freethinking...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00383-00173367-00173727 inspired some rising Masonic ideals.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00384-00173851-00174263 - I remember my mother once saying: "There are so many friends of Francisco...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00385-00174363-00174667 coming here to study. He is so studious". This is about the meetings
Q-tO06kDQMM-00386-00174703-00175107 he used to organize in his room. But one day I suspected there was something more
Q-tO06kDQMM-00387-00175107-00175823 he was not exactly so devoted to studies.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00388-00175823-00176347 I was already married and living
Q-tO06kDQMM-00389-00176379-00176679 He was arrested at home. It was a shock for all of us.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00390-00176731-00177007 [ Francisco´s Brother in Law ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00391-00177035-00177607 At the first light of day ,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00392-00177935-00178335 by soldiers carrying machine guns and commanded by a Captain or Major.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00393-00178715-00179115 Mr. Avelino, Francisco´s father, opened the door and, lamenting, received them
Q-tO06kDQMM-00394-00179283-00179683 and said: "If I had armed myself, you would not have entered this house
Q-tO06kDQMM-00395-00179875-00180387 without a document issued
Q-tO06kDQMM-00396-00180639-00181027 As he had always been worried with regards to the social context,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00397-00181027-00181327 he would only speak about politics.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00398-00181327-00181583 [ Francisco´s wife ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00399-00181569-00182209 By 1968, we had already decided to marry.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00400-00182213-00182457 Meanwhile, my brother in law tried to persuade my sister
Q-tO06kDQMM-00401-00182577-00182921 that I should not marry Francisco because he was a communist
Q-tO06kDQMM-00402-00183001-00183269 and this kind of people was considered dangerous to Brazil.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00403-00183369-00183629 When my sister came to speak with me, I just said:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00404-00183765-00183981 "No
Q-tO06kDQMM-00405-00183752-00183940 You were somewhat aware of it,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00406-00183943-00184147 but didn't want to know too much, right?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00407-00184150-00184470 I knew it was something illegal,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00408-00184473-00184933 that the Government was watching the leftists closely.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00409-00184937-00185286 But I never thought Francisco would be arrested.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00410-00185290-00185551 It never crossed my mind.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00411-00185555-00185898 After his arrest, I felt the shock.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00412-00185902-00186175 That's when I knew it was the real deal.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00413-00186179-00186577 I was afraid of being arrested. We went to Paraíba, hidden.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00414-00186581-00186941 The two of us took a bus, keeping a low profile...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00415-00187090-00187419 CAMPINA GRANDE PARAÍBA STATE
Q-tO06kDQMM-00416-00187477-00187797 To me, having this gathering is a miracle,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00417-00187801-00188055 all of us, alive, now.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00418-00188059-00188468 After all, we were never arrested,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00419-00188471-00188651 but kidnapped.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00420-00188793-00189293 We were dragged from our homes, without any judicial warrants.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00421-00189297-00189509 I saw you in your cell,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00422-00189513-00189847 and remember being a moment of great concern,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00423-00189851-00190318 because your wife, Ivone, was pregnant with your baby.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00424-00190322-00190575 She was very distressed,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00425-00190579-00190791 and feared losing the baby.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00426-00190794-00191254 And you thought she had had a miscarriage.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00427-00191258-00191613 When you asked, I told you right away:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00428-00191616-00191959 "Ivone is fine, she didn't lose the baby."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00429-00191962-00192318 You were moved, and thanked me a lot.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00430-00192352-00192727 When he was first arrested, they also took me in.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00431-00192794-00193270 They kept me there from noon until 9 pm that night.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00432-00193274-00193623 I was pregnant, feeling very depressed,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00433-00193626-00194012 and Dr. Câmara insisted on me seeing an Army doctor.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00434-00194015-00194258 He kept insisting, as I refused, afraid.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00435-00194261-00194463 It was as if he was saying:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00436-00194466-00194796 "Let's get rid of that little terrorist in your belly."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00437-00194800-00195229 It's striking that nobody likes to bring up their past.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00438-00195282-00195614 The past is very important
Q-tO06kDQMM-00439-00195617-00195944 so that we can live the present and the future.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00440-00195948-00196401 The Military Era is seen as something of great shame.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00441-00196405-00196740 Everybody thinks is should be forgotten.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00442-00196822-00197025 Politicians go out of their ways
Q-tO06kDQMM-00443-00197028-00197384 to avoid lawsuits against the torturers.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00444-00197436-00197905 It is crucial to take on our past history.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00445-00197963-00198245 From our history,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00446-00198315-00198843 we can face and better our present and future.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00447-00198877-00199366 Those were very difficult times. Things haven't stopped since.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00448-00199369-00199609 I think it is extremely important
Q-tO06kDQMM-00449-00199613-00199940 to remember this part of Brazil's history.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00450-00199943-00200195 It's something so recent,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00451-00200199-00200439 so close to us, militants,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00452-00200442-00200731 but so distant from today's youth.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00453-00200732-00200945 They must know what happened.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00454-00200948-00201174 Repression was fierce.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00455-00201177-00201480 It took four men to kidnap me.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00456-00201483-00201802 At the time, our greatest fear,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00457-00201805-00202057 even knowing we were going to suffer,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00458-00202061-00202518 was actually that our families wouldn't know where we were.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00459-00202521-00202869 When José was kidnapped,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00460-00202872-00203399 the whole neighborhood gathered up at our house at night,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00461-00203402-00203705 demanding the mayor to show up.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00462-00203708-00204106 The people communicated with each other, took part,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00463-00204109-00204248 and vouched for it.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00464-00204252-00204498 What really saddened me
Q-tO06kDQMM-00465-00204501-00204739 was having snitch classmates.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00466-00204742-00204928 At the University
Q-tO06kDQMM-00467-00204931-00205411 we had classmates, Francisco's supporters,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00468-00205415-00205854 who would say: "I'm in charge, no commies can join."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00469-00205858-00206088 They'd really delate people.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00470-00206092-00206435 When we were released from jail,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00471-00206671-00207076 I went to City Hall and then, to the University,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00472-00207076-00207516 one of these old classmates said: "Thank God you came back!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00473-00207520-00207825 I said: "Funny you are thanking God."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00474-00207828-00208108 "This must be messing up your mind."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00475-00208111-00208569 "I mean, I loathe torturers."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00476-00208669-00209087 "Major Câmara and his followers..."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00477-00209091-00209460 "But they're paid to do it, it's their role!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00478-00209464-00209670 "They were trained for it."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00479-00209674-00210013 "But you are worse then all of them!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00480-00210040-00210208 "Yes, worse."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00481-00210212-00210842 "After all, you don't represent that institutionalized power."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00482-00210845-00211145 "You are a teacher, you should be solidary."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00483-00211148-00211315 "Show some respect,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00484-00211319-00211535 and don't thank God, for it's a lie."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00485-00211539-00212025 Threatening school bomb phone calls were made.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00486-00212028-00212341 -Wow! -That happened a lot.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00487-00212345-00212542 Secretaries were frightened,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00488-00212542-00212946 it was a very difficult time to us all, to our families.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00489-00212949-00213224 We will never forget it,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00490-00213228-00213457 and this is something I always say:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00491-00213460-00213789 "Even with all the hardship and the suffering,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00492-00213789-00214038 I don't regret a single thing I did."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00493-00214041-00214409 I just regret not being as experienced as I am today.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00494-00214413-00214662 I'd take better, more planned actions,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00495-00214665-00214917 with more enthusiasm and drive.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00496-00215000-00215256 HOMAGE TO JOSÉ MILTON BARBOSA
Q-tO06kDQMM-00497-00215256-00215880 We used to go for a walk with José Milton Barbosa and Linda Tayah,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00498-00215880-00216220 to whom Francisco pay homage.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00499-00216280-00216588 They were lovers and she was deeply involved. I did´t get into those things
Q-tO06kDQMM-00500-00216700-00217112 so deeply, though I´d let people
Q-tO06kDQMM-00501-00217112-00217684 @@@@
Q-tO06kDQMM-00502-00217805-00218225 I met Zé Milton when he was attending a course on Brazilian Realities
Q-tO06kDQMM-00503-00218273-00218653 at the Faculty of Economics of UFRJ
Q-tO06kDQMM-00504-00218741-00219061 He trusted me at that time I was his girlfriend, and that´s why he opened his
Q-tO06kDQMM-00505-00219141-00219609 heart to me in spite of my doubt
Q-tO06kDQMM-00506-00219609-00219729 [ Psychologist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00507-00219789-00220049 because he was too politicized.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00508-00220049-00220865 on the military´s side would never be so politicized as he used to be.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00509-00220965-00221137 I joined ALN directly.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00510-00221285-00221521 I didn´t get involved with the other preceding parties
Q-tO06kDQMM-00511-00221709-00222109 and I knew José Milton had already joined the PCB, PCBR
Q-tO06kDQMM-00512-00222193-00222537 and, later on, the ALN.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00513-00222661-00223061 Zé Milton and I were fellow members of PCBR
Q-tO06kDQMM-00514-00223093-00223433 but we grew impatient as time went by,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00515-00223433-00223825 because we felt PCBR was being too bureaucratic and PCB, too heavy.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00516-00223901-00224237 Zé Milton had one thing clear in his mind:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00517-00224261-00224921 he believed that a rural guerilla would shake the dictatorial regime.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00518-00225005-00225349 There would have been no way to defeat us in the rural areas...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00519-00225349-00225621 whereas in the city we were already an easy target.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00520-00225621-00226021 He was a real hero. I owe him my life.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00521-00226061-00226349 Under arrest, when we were supposed to be together we were not...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00522-00226381-00226681 He was killed when we were being sent to prison.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00523-00226709-00226985 However, I was arrested on the same day.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00524-00227029-00227505 They shot at Zé Milton. He had
Q-tO06kDQMM-00525-00227505-00227901 but he failed when he tried to use it...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00526-00227901-00228269 and he was shot.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00527-00228269-00228493 It seems that he died of three gunshot wounds to his chest.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00528-00228589-00228809 I was shot too though...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00529-00228953-00229105 - do you have a gunshot scar? -
Q-tO06kDQMM-00530-00229169-00229249 Yes, I have.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00531-00229337-00229701 It´s here, on the left side of my head.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00532-00229789-00230049 I fainted and... when I recovered consciousness
Q-tO06kDQMM-00533-00230097-00230301 he was already dead, lying his
Q-tO06kDQMM-00534-00230301-00230749 I put his head back to the car seat and when I saw his eyes were half-opened...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00535-00230841-00231269 I thought he was still alive... but there was blood draining out of his nose.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00536-00231269-00231737 I had been calling for him over and over until I fainted again. I woke up at OBAN.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00537-00231813-00232145 In December I found out I was pregnant,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00538-00232313-00232909 that my son would be a boy
Q-tO06kDQMM-00539-00232989-00233393 and he was named José Milton,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00540-00233549-00233877 It makes me think of the birth of Anita Prestes in prison.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00541-00233877-00234505 Your story, fruit of a love that survived torture,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00542-00234601-00234913 death, the house of death where we had been.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00543-00235045-00235509 - I was only told of what had happened when I was around 14-15 years old.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00544-00235613-00235833 My impression is that he was a good person,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00545-00235901-00236101 a courageous man who knew how to fight for his ideals
Q-tO06kDQMM-00546-00236209-00236409 [ Systems Analyst ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00547-00236409-00236757 and not only this, for he would fight for the others. I´m proud of him.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00548-00236889-00237349 Everything that happened, not only to my father, but also to my mother...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00549-00237385-00237613 He died trying to protect her,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00550-00237693-00237961 even though he did not know she was pregnant.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00551-00238105-00238237 His body has never been found,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00552-00238401-00238537 it has never been identified.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00553-00238537-00238809 - At that period I was still
Q-tO06kDQMM-00554-00238837-00239245 they told me that his remains were in Perus, but they were never found. They had
Q-tO06kDQMM-00555-00239293-00239721 transferred other´s remains to Perus, and they were never recognized as being his.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00556-00239837-00240061 - One of the last things he said:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00557-00240085-00240445 "When I need to move from one place to another, when I´m in a hurry,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00558-00240445-00240857 the first thing that I take with me, among the few the things that I have,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00559-00240857-00241025 is my chessboard, chess pieces and a book by Smyslov".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00560-00241057-00241325 I gave him a book by Smyslov.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00561-00241485-00241665 I did not even know the chess
Q-tO06kDQMM-00562-00241785-00241937 Actually, I´ve always enjoyed playing chess.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00563-00242113-00242341 Rubaiyat used to speak of poetry and wine.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00564-00242521-00242841 I prefer speaking of music and chess.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00565-00242885-00243285 Here in my house everybody has a chessboard and one´s own chess pieces.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00566-00243445-00243845 I´ve also learned how to play it, but I´m not a very good player.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00567-00244049-00244449 It has everything to do with the Art of War, the continuity of Politics.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00568-00244449-00244825 This piece here is a king.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00569-00244997-00245397 Here it is the Queen, here it is the King.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00570-00245397-00245965 There are tactics, strategies and even psychological factors in chess playing.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00571-00246137-00246401 Everybody is going to play seriously against you
Q-tO06kDQMM-00572-00246481-00246729 if you were known as a strong player.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00573-00246753-00247045 But if you´re not known, surprise is a factor. Thus, it is different when
Q-tO06kDQMM-00574-00247125-00247569 when you go to prison and they know who you are, with whom you´re connected.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00575-00247613-00247809 That´s why we need to comprehend
Q-tO06kDQMM-00576-00247809-00247925 those who revealed secrets.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00577-00247925-00248201 It is terrible when they know that we know.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00578-00248245-00248401 [ Economist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00579-00248433-00248773 the runaround when they do not
Q-tO06kDQMM-00580-00248773-00249029 It´s the same thing when you´re going to play in a chess tournament,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00581-00249097-00249313 when your opponent do not know
Q-tO06kDQMM-00582-00249313-00249733 whether you are a champion. Then you start playing with a stupid face and...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00583-00249861-00250485 How many times didn´t they think
Q-tO06kDQMM-00584-00250485-00250913 That´s what I did with them at that time.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00585-00250981-00251337 I have respect for every and each professional and its category.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00586-00251337-00251481 Military men have their own role,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00587-00251549-00251797 and also the Anarchists etc. We need everyone, every role.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00588-00251837-00252237 The Military Art speak of the surprise factor,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00589-00252317-00252721 that you should know your enemy very well,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00590-00252781-00252917 that you need to be trained,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00591-00252961-00253305 that you must be skilled.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00592-00253305-00253589 I think our Left-wing organizations did not prepare very well their schemes,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00593-00253629-00253881 mainly when it comes to a bigger battle such the armed struggle.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00594-00254107-00254275 ALMOST 40 YEARS LATER,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00595-00254279-00254570 FRANCISCO SORIANO AND THE LAWYER MODESTO DA SILVEIRA,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00596-00254640-00255210 GATHER SURVIVORS JARBAS, JEAN MARC RODRIGO AND SEBASTIÃO
Q-tO06kDQMM-00597-00255340-00255780 AT THE COMMUNITY SOCCER CENTER OF SONGWRITER CHICO BUARQUE
Q-tO06kDQMM-00598-00255982-00256158 Is your left side any good?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00599-00256158-00256338 I am two-handed.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00600-00256338-00256554 We´d rather you use your left.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00601-00256554-00256922 Chico, you´re a man that experienced all those years of dictatorship.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00602-00257106-00257418 You were a witness and a victim.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00603-00257518-00257814 We´ve always felt in your songs, in your work, a prudent language,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00604-00257982-00258382 somewhat discrete, skillful, almost hermetic.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00605-00258466-00258774 Well, those who worked with music, movies, theater,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00606-00258774-00259374 television etc had to deal with censorship.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00607-00259374-00259634 [ Songwriter ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00608-00259726-00260526 and it would certainly interfere with
Q-tO06kDQMM-00609-00260854-00261282 In this way, one would have to use artifices and tricks
Q-tO06kDQMM-00610-00261382-00261782 in order to do better than censorship, using metaphors etc. That´s how you´ve said,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00611-00261826-00262230 a certain kind of language that
Q-tO06kDQMM-00612-00262342-00262742 There are certain things I wrote that even I have difficulties...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00613-00262926-00263190 understanding what I had been trying to say behind the scenes.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00614-00263190-00263526 We were almost obliged to speak in code.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00615-00263562-00264034 As you are my namesake, I added a footnote to the end of this book
Q-tO06kDQMM-00616-00264034-00264358 in which the song "Vai Passar" is transcribed in full,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00617-00264498-00264858 especially that verse in which you say that
Q-tO06kDQMM-00618-00264950-00265350 "our mother land (...) was in the underground of shadowy transactions".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00619-00265498-00265898 When it comes to MPB, in this great match you were the chief Striker.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00620-00266006-00266158 More like a Midfield player, maybe.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00621-00266919-00267427 BRAZIL'S NAVY BASE USED AS A PRISON FACILITY DURING THE DICTATORSHIP
Q-tO06kDQMM-00622-00267543-00267943 I assumed a mission, as if it was part of the oath,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00623-00267943-00268371 a pact with many comrades who died and
Q-tO06kDQMM-00624-00268443-00268803 among them, José Milton Barbosa, to whom I pay homage in this book.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00625-00268831-00269243 We sweared that we survivors would tell the story, that is a history
Q-tO06kDQMM-00626-00269243-00269603 of the resistance to tyranny, specifically against the 1964 Military dictatorship.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00627-00269603-00270083 There was also a moment of glory during that time we were in prison...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00628-00270083-00270319 and here we are, the survivors from the Island of Flowers.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00629-00270515-00270831 What is the importance of these events in your life, mainly those of the 60s and 70s...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00630-00270899-00271055 Sebastião Medeiros?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00631-00271119-00271727 A very difficult period, particularly because we were very young, around the age
Q-tO06kDQMM-00632-00271823-00272307 of 17-18 years old. We did not have the experience to enter the fight right away,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00633-00272451-00272711 as we intended to do.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00634-00272803-00273003 [ Bookseller ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00635-00273003-00273303 In this manner we made some mistakes,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00636-00273303-00273735 but we were imbued with the idea of justice.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00637-00273867-00274203 Contradictions were so tough
Q-tO06kDQMM-00638-00274203-00274655 that it was indeed a good moment
Q-tO06kDQMM-00639-00274655-00274879 to fight against Imperialism.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00640-00275031-00275487 Only one directress of the National Students Union was not imprisoned.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00641-00275527-00275927 Nine people among ten were imprisoned. Five of these nine were either killed
Q-tO06kDQMM-00642-00275971-00276323 or disappeared. That´s the directorship of the massacre. It is really painful.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00643-00276511-00276871 Now one may look through the history of the students movement during that
Q-tO06kDQMM-00644-00276871-00277115 period and may think:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00645-00277115-00277375 In fact, I think we prevented the
Q-tO06kDQMM-00646-00277375-00277747 We did not have the expected success,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00647-00277815-00277967 [ Economist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00648-00278003-00278187 the free University Education
Q-tO06kDQMM-00649-00278187-00278443 for those who desire and are capable of undergoing Higher Education in Brazil.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00650-00278535-00279043 We fought for it, but we didn´t attain such success. However, we prevented the
Q-tO06kDQMM-00651-00279159-00279439 privatization of the Federal University from moving forward as the Military intended.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00652-00279439-00279819 The increase in the number of vacancies offered by public universities
Q-tO06kDQMM-00653-00279819-00280107 was a success. Our fight for the continuity of the Brazilian University was a success.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00654-00280131-00280407 These were the victories we won.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00655-00280447-00280719 The plan of the Military Regime
Q-tO06kDQMM-00656-00280759-00280975 The plan was to bring an end to the public University and academic research.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00657-00281079-00281471 We lost the war. We lost the essential of what we fought for,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00658-00281619-00282019 because we fought for a Social Revolution,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00659-00282019-00282359 a revolution that never took place.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00660-00282423-00282795 We had some help, even though beneath our expectations,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00661-00282839-00283155 but the fight for democracy was
Q-tO06kDQMM-00662-00283191-00283479 A hard-won conquest, and we all have won.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00663-00283559-00283851 Actually, I think we were militarily defeated.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00664-00283927-00284055 [ jornalist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00665-00284095-00284483 Either way, the screams of the tortured and
Q-tO06kDQMM-00666-00284483-00284919 our dead and disappeared friends made way for the current democracy.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00667-00285079-00285448 Sebastião had a mason father.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00668-00285657-00286066 It was through masonry that you were located
Q-tO06kDQMM-00669-00286070-00286315 and your dad could reach you.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00670-00286318-00286660 That day, no visitors were allowed at Ilha das Flores.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00671-00286663-00286943 We were halted as soon as we got there.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00672-00286947-00287179 But through his masonry contacts,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00673-00287183-00287443 he arranged a short, 10-minute visit.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00674-00287447-00287796 He spoke to me and to Marcos, my brother,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00675-00287800-00288264 and, in a flash, he was gone. But at least he made it.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00676-00288263-00288819 There was a Military officer who became famous for interconnecting
Q-tO06kDQMM-00677-00288891-00289359 the male and female wards. He used to take messages from one side to the other.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00678-00289515-00289811 One day he lost a message near
Q-tO06kDQMM-00679-00290095-00290495 a message written by Solange - the woman from Bahia - and sent to me.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00680-00290607-00291007 One of the prison guards took the message to the Commander
Q-tO06kDQMM-00681-00291199-00291567 and we were immediately held in solitary confinement.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00682-00291567-00291999 Then he began questioning me about the letter, whether I had received that letter etc.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00683-00292075-00292351 I said I had received no letter.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00684-00292487-00292939 for 1 1/2 month. At that time they could
Q-tO06kDQMM-00685-00293251-00293587 Late at night, the guy knocked my door
Q-tO06kDQMM-00686-00293615-00293851 - and I used to read till late.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00687-00293903-00294239 He approached the window and said:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00688-00294271-00294587 "I can´t understand why you
Q-tO06kDQMM-00689-00294639-00295067 and I said: "I would never turn you in. After all, you showed solidarity with us.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00690-00295067-00295359 How could we turn you in?"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00691-00295419-00295779 He continued: "But I am on your enemy´s side, I´m the jail keeper".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00692-00295847-00296191 And I replied: "That´s not true. You´re just doing your job.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00693-00296243-00296735 You appeared to be extremely solidary".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00694-00296791-00297191 and suddenly he asked:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00695-00297435-00297851 A great number of military men, maybe thousands of them, also suffered in prison.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00696-00298059-00298551 They were either patriots or legalists, nationalists etc,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00697-00298795-00299195 from soldiers to General Officers,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00698-00299251-00299651 living by their ideals they were persecuted too -
Q-tO06kDQMM-00699-00299775-00300131 may justice be done.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00700-00300343-00300739 In 1969, at the time of the World Cup qualification match against Paraguay,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00701-00300843-00301247 Luis and I were being tortured.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00702-00301343-00301911 The torturer looked at his record, he saw Luis was from Ceará, and said:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00703-00302075-00302419 "You´re my homey, so I´m gonna
Q-tO06kDQMM-00704-00302451-00302763 Once the game is finished I´ll be back".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00705-00303031-00303547 When things were less complicated
Q-tO06kDQMM-00706-00303547-00303951 more freedom within the prison,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00707-00304003-00304231 [ Lawyer ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00708-00304231-00304731 one of my clients, Dr. Irum Sant´anna, was so excited about a course in Bangu that,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00709-00304779-00305179 on a Friday when I gave him
Q-tO06kDQMM-00710-00305311-00305639 he said: "(...) but I have to finish
Q-tO06kDQMM-00711-00305687-00306043 Please, bring it back on next Monday.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00712-00306103-00306403 I won´t leave this place without completing this course!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00713-00306501-00306878 I read "One Hundred Years of Solitude" at Ilha das Flores
Q-tO06kDQMM-00714-00306881-00307149 when they stuck me in the solitary,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00715-00307152-00307379 which was the longest period
Q-tO06kDQMM-00716-00307382-00307670 in the many solitaries I was sent to.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00717-00307673-00307880 It was a 10 by 6-feet cell.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00718-00307880-00308195 On that occasion, they kept me there for 40 days.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00719-00308198-00308619 It was a cell by the end of the hallway.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00720-00308622-00308883 Between the last cell and the bathroom,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00721-00308886-00309218 there was a place known as "the luggage hole",
Q-tO06kDQMM-00722-00309221-00309439 completely enclosed at dark.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00723-00309442-00309854 At sunset, our cell hallway was directly illuminated.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00724-00310113-00310585 Small beams of light would shine through the door.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00725-00310588-00310924 The inmates sent me, sheet by sheet,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00726-00310928-00311191 the book, under the door.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00727-00311195-00311438 I had to read it by standing up,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00728-00311441-00311711 scrolling it on the light beam,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00729-00311715-00312006 page by page, during those 40 days.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00730-00312006-00312377 A long time later, I met García Márquez, the author,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00731-00312380-00312613 and told him my story.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00732-00312617-00313032 He said: "Listen, if you don't write about this, I will!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00733-00313029-00313489 There is no greater nearness than to live in the same jail cell.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00734-00313605-00313921 I shared the prison cell with Soriano
Q-tO06kDQMM-00735-00313921-00314097 [ Theater Producer ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00736-00314097-00314361 and he turned into an intimate friend, a brother.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00737-00314581-00314981 I thank you for this memorable day in which I share my testimony
Q-tO06kDQMM-00738-00315041-00315497 as I clarify my ideas
Q-tO06kDQMM-00739-00315497-00315653 with these brilliant comrades.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00740-00318368-00318588 [ A.L.N - National Liberation Association ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00741-00318708-00319108 The ALN has its origin in
Q-tO06kDQMM-00742-00319240-00319640 The Government of Cuba used to discuss matters concerning the survival
Q-tO06kDQMM-00743-00319640-00320056 of its political ideal that was being established.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00744-00320140-00320488 Here in Brazil, Marighella was already a member of the PCB,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00745-00320488-00320996 and he was kind of a militant leftist,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00746-00321072-00321296 so that he represented the party at the Congress of Ollas.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00747-00321296-00321516 [ Librarian ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00748-00321632-00321944 They decided that centers of resistance had to rise up,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00749-00322076-00322400 guerilla centers in Latin America.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00750-00322400-00322752 He used to think the members of the party had an addictive habit...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00751-00322804-00322916 of avoiding armed struggle.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00752-00323012-00323420 For that reason, he´d rather deal with people outside the party,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00753-00323568-00323776 so he could teach them how to carry out the armed actions.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00754-00323876-00324656 This is quite different from the usual idea of leftist organization
Q-tO06kDQMM-00755-00324716-00325172 which used to waste a lot of time with theoretical masturbation.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00756-00325360-00325884 The great quality of that movement was the thought, the work and the fight for
Q-tO06kDQMM-00757-00325964-00326332 social equality. As time went by, those slight differences of thought
Q-tO06kDQMM-00758-00326412-00326596 increased in such a proportion...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00759-00326628-00326948 that it should never have existed.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00760-00326948-00327748 Apart from Marighella´s technical leadership, we may also see that
Q-tO06kDQMM-00761-00327988-00328388 he had a great affection for people, and people had a great affection for him.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00762-00328672-00329072 He was a learned man and many things were in his hands.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00763-00329184-00329584 We´ve lost a leader, almost a father.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00764-00329740-00330096 It was a period of orphanhood.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00765-00330300-00330756 two moments of orphanhood:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00766-00330964-00331364 We had to finish all the process
Q-tO06kDQMM-00767-00331584-00332024 but there was Toledo,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00768-00332136-00332624 Shortly before the death of Marighella,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00769-00332812-00333260 the A.L.N. had had great influence on the Left-wing politics
Q-tO06kDQMM-00770-00333260-00333572 due to its impressive action in
Q-tO06kDQMM-00771-00333572-00333908 to kidnap Elbrick, the American ambassador,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00772-00334012-00334128 in September 1969.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00773-00334188-00334544 On that occasion, I was in touch with the people responsible for the kidnapping,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00774-00334684-00334972 mainly with Carlos Alberto Muniz
Q-tO06kDQMM-00775-00335064-00335348 and Franklin Martins.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00776-00335348-00335652 José Roberto Spliegner had stayed at my house for some time
Q-tO06kDQMM-00777-00335652-00336048 and left a little while before Gabeira, dying in São Paulo later on. During that period,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00778-00336172-00336652 there had been an anonymous accusation against me and my husband.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00779-00336652-00336988 We were under arrest but we thought there were no counts on their files.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00780-00337040-00337308 [ Psichologist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00781-00337340-00337688 We were tranquilly taken to DOPS.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00782-00337784-00338352 However, we had no idea they would find a document related to security matters.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00783-00338456-00338736 That´s the irony of fate.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00784-00338784-00339132 Two days later we were taken to DOI-CODI,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00785-00339248-00339672 and that´s when things got still worse. We were covered with a hood,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00786-00339868-00340392 and the first thing we had to do was to take off our clothes, mainly women.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00787-00340392-00340984 There was a sexual torture, and also the torture of seeing my husband under torture.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00788-00341136-00341536 Things that for a long time I haven´t
Q-tO06kDQMM-00789-00341636-00342036 Truthfully, our power of speech is like a fight weapon. May there not be
Q-tO06kDQMM-00790-00342076-00342560 any misunderstanding such as that I am either a victim or a self-promoter.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00791-00342560-00343116 It is a struggle, indeed. One of the most dreadful things in the world is torture,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00792-00343140-00343640 so much so that our struggle is an ethic one, beyond and against any kind
Q-tO06kDQMM-00793-00343672-00343956 of torture. There is no justification for torture. Not even a poisonous animal
Q-tO06kDQMM-00794-00344032-00344356 should be tortured, there is no reason.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00795-00344356-00344736 Much less reason there will be when it comes to human beings.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00796-00344736-00345048 Torture is restricted to the poor. It´s neither meant for the middle-class nor for the elite.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00797-00345144-00345384 I think there has to be a need for speaking
Q-tO06kDQMM-00798-00345444-00345676 of those things we felt deeply and personally under torture.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00799-00345704-00345900 We have power of speech, we are visible,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00800-00345900-00346136 but poverty has never had power of speech, it has never been noticeable.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00801-00346136-00346512 Poverty has always been ignored
Q-tO06kDQMM-00802-00346512-00346752 That´s when feel like not being human and
Q-tO06kDQMM-00803-00346752-00346988 the other sees you as a non-human.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00804-00347020-00347176 That´s what I deeply felt when I was being tortured.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00805-00347338-00347651 UNREASON
Q-tO06kDQMM-00806-00347592-00348196 It is said that once there had been an ecumenical meeting in Recife,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00807-00348228-00348728 at Princesa Isabel theater,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00808-00348792-00348992 [ Lutheran Priest ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00809-00349056-00349456 the social revolution that would take place.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00810-00349536-00349936 Actually, there really was a reunion and censorship was already in operation.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00811-00350088-00350488 That´s when those who would
Q-tO06kDQMM-00812-00350628-00351028 should submit their words
Q-tO06kDQMM-00813-00351172-00351572 A Methodist priest submitted his speech and began addressing the audience.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00814-00351676-00352124 Shortly after, he stopped speaking and improvised another speech.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00815-00352176-00352724 "Thus spoke Isaiah: Woe to those who add house to house and join field to field,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00816-00352836-00353244 until there is no more room, so that you have to live alone in the midst of the land!
Q-tO06kDQMM-00817-00353412-00353812 Thus spoke James! Behold, the wages of the laborers who mowed your fields,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00818-00353924-00354496 which you have kept back by fraud, cry out, and the cries of those who reaped
Q-tO06kDQMM-00819-00354848-00355528 have entered into the ears of the Lord of Armies! And thus spoke Amos (...)"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00820-00355644-00356332 He continued quoting the prophecies from the Bible and, after he´s finished,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00821-00356460-00356892 a military man called him and said: "Reverend, you are under arrest
Q-tO06kDQMM-00822-00356992-00357584 till you give us the address of those men called Isaiah, James and Amos".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00823-00357664-00358048 We want their addresses.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00824-00358264-00358636 Such events reveal the stupidity of the censor.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00825-00358696-00359288 These were demonic characters: The censor, the stoolie, the torturer etc
Q-tO06kDQMM-00826-00359400-00359932 in the worst sense of the word demonic!
Q-tO06kDQMM-00827-00360004-00360496 Words such as "demo" and "diabolical" have their roots in Greek,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00828-00360540-00360888 and have meanings such as "all that divide, separate, diverge etc".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00829-00347338-00347651 UNREASON
Q-tO06kDQMM-00830-00360961-00361305 Back then, Pernambuco's bishop was Dom Helder Câmara.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00831-00361309-00361781 I had already defended him and other people in Pernambuco.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00832-00361954-00362368 On that occasion, a catholic leadership couple came to Rio.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00833-00362371-00362851 The National Bishop Conference got them a job over here,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00834-00362855-00363026 discreetly.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00835-00363052-00363585 Internal Defenses from Pernambuco tracked them down here,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00836-00363588-00363791 and sent them to Rio.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00837-00363845-00364345 I was only able to set them free two or three months later.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00838-00364348-00364560 They had nothing on them.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00839-00364563-00365023 They were just a New Church progressive Catholics,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00840-00365027-00365400 with maybe a small tendency to support popular action.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00841-00365403-00365547 Yes, they preached.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00842-00365550-00365876 They preached about their views on humanism,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00843-00365880-00366431 the Bible, Christ, brotherhood, equality.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00844-00366434-00366615 Right? Well, then...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00845-00366619-00367060 After being released, she came to my office, by herself.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00846-00367064-00367458 She said: "Help me, Dr. Modesto."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00847-00367462-00367920 "While in jail, I was tortured in front of my husband."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00848-00367923-00368260 "They had us facing each other."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00849-00368264-00368636 "They were so mad that we didn't say anything
Q-tO06kDQMM-00850-00368639-00369054 that they took him away and raped me, one after the other!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00851-00369192-00369439 "I passed out on the second man,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00852-00369442-00369842 but I  saw the face of the first one and a bit of the second."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00853-00369845-00370262 "Now, I'm pregnant. What should I do?"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00854-00370266-00370691 "Of course I, like everybody else, am against abortion,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00855-00370694-00371144 but I find it, in this case, completely justifiable,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00856-00371148-00371420 and maybe even warrantable."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00857-00371423-00371736 "However, I know you are a devout catholic,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00858-00371739-00372108 and have serious religious doctrine issues with that..."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00859-00372108-00372395 -"Have you told your husband?" -"No."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00860-00372399-00372755 "Tell him, as well as your bishop."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00861-00372841-00373174 "Once you're past the religious matters,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00862-00373178-00373429 I will help you however I can."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00863-00373433-00373728 She didn't tell her husband.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00864-00373731-00373949 She went straight to the bishop.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00865-00373949-00374283 She later told me the bishop walked around,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00866-00374287-00374698 with sweaty hands, not knowing what to say.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00867-00374701-00375165 He then said: "Child, did you tell your husband?"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00868-00375165-00375404 -"No." -"Then, tell him!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00869-00375407-00375600 "Come later, if you want to!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00870-00375603-00376000 She told her husband, he listened.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00871-00376004-00376340 He was the quiet type, from the countryside.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00872-00376343-00376757 I thought: "I might have given her wrong advice."
Q-tO06kDQMM-00873-00376760-00376983 Well, not wrong advice,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00874-00376987-00377211 but if him, being the way that he is,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00875-00377214-00377656 the quiet, married, north eastern type,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00876-00377660-00378047 won't take it, and will go after the torturers,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00877-00378050-00378312 try to kill them, and die by doing so.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00878-00378315-00378607 I thought: "Her husband is going to die!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00879-00378611-00378969 I wondered if I would be partly guilty of it.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00880-00379098-00379502 Well, he listened, quietly, to her entire story
Q-tO06kDQMM-00881-00379506-00379742 When she was done,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00882-00379746-00380100 he quietly put her arms around her and said:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00883-00380104-00380518 "Honey, a child is a child!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00884-00380521-00380890 "Go ahead and have her, I'll help you make her a decent being!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00885-00381140-00381669 "We'll know how to make her a decent person!" 
Q-tO06kDQMM-00886-00381753-00381905 Well...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00887-00381988-00382224 In the end,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00888-00382274-00382709 for hers, the bishop's and everyone's sake,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00889-00382795-00383220 she went through such a physical and psychological relaxation
Q-tO06kDQMM-00890-00383223-00383652 that two days later, she had a miscarriage!
Q-tO06kDQMM-00891-00383656-00383959 That's when she said that God jumped in.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00892-00383962-00384222 "God did it for me!"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00893-00384274-00384618 "Fridge"... that´s an instrument of torture made in England
Q-tO06kDQMM-00894-00384618-00384930 and it does not leave marks on bodies.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00895-00385018-00385630 It could kill a person. It is a dark room around eight by eight feet
Q-tO06kDQMM-00896-00385666-00385726 [ Historian ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00897-00385874-00386530 in which they could maintain any temperature they wanted.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00898-00386718-00386930 I don´t know any victim of the heat. Everyone suffered from coldness.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00899-00386962-00387070 That´s why it was called fridge.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00900-00387254-00387630 You had to keep on jumping because
Q-tO06kDQMM-00901-00387630-00388090 Some of the tortured people used to say that they also felt something
Q-tO06kDQMM-00902-00388206-00388574 moving and biting.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00903-00388574-00389030 non-poisonous snakes, but the person
Q-tO06kDQMM-00904-00389030-00389358 and would go mad. It didn´t happen to me.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00905-00389358-00389830 Another kind of torture was to hear the screams of our comrades
Q-tO06kDQMM-00906-00389950-00390430 being torture at full volume.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00907-00390706-00391490 So, what happened? Just a few did not come clean. I confessed.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00908-00391626-00391970 But I was one of the last prisoners, they already knew everything.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00909-00392234-00392830 And those who didn´t come clean died under torture.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00910-00392951-00393543 Once a comrade said: "we´ve learned how to fight and how to die
Q-tO06kDQMM-00911-00393591-00393771 but we haven´t learned how to tolerate torture".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00912-00394039-00394439 He was the most injured fellow,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00913-00394475-00394795 virtually crushed by the torture machine.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00914-00394855-00395295 We didn´t know each other and we didn´t speak much. We were cautious
Q-tO06kDQMM-00915-00395327-00395591 for anyone could be an agent.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00916-00395747-00396203 But he saw me after being tortured,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00917-00396203-00396731 "What do I do now, fellow?"
Q-tO06kDQMM-00918-00396731-00397095 "They are also torturing me as the have done with you".
Q-tO06kDQMM-00919-00397095-00397411 Then he taught me a lesson: "Take heart!
Q-tO06kDQMM-00920-00397508-00397940 That man deeply touched me when he said that the glory of Tiradentes was not in that
Q-tO06kDQMM-00921-00398020-00398528 he had tried to do a revolution. He was glorious because he had carried all
Q-tO06kDQMM-00922-00398628-00398884 the consequences and released people from their guiltiness.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00923-00398908-00399228 He was a fellow who selflessly
Q-tO06kDQMM-00924-00399228-00399376 to save lives.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00925-00399413-00399670 Our pain has to be turned into a fight instrument.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00926-00399694-00400258 This pain is marked on our bodies and it will never be forgotten.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00927-00400322-00400618 Wretched pain, humiliation...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00928-00400618-00400886 the pain of subjection, nakedness,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00929-00400978-00401322 the pain of sexual abuse,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00930-00401322-00401590 It´s a method to turn you into an object...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00931-00401590-00401950 that´s what they said when I was taken to see Novaes being tortured.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00932-00401950-00402258 I´ve been hearing his screams
Q-tO06kDQMM-00933-00402258-00402430 I had never heard his scream before that.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00934-00402466-00402962 Silence would be more natural. Silenced are those who think that
Q-tO06kDQMM-00935-00403006-00403238 what happened was not worth it.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00936-00403458-00403754 more we state it to be true
Q-tO06kDQMM-00937-00403794-00404186 is to break obliviousness, and therefore
Q-tO06kDQMM-00938-00404214-00404430 Despite our mistakes,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00939-00404614-00405038 it´s essential that the generations to come learn what´s happened in the recent past.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00940-00405258-00405498 The "Authorized  History" they taught us,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00941-00405498-00405766 that is a story told by the dictatorship
Q-tO06kDQMM-00942-00405790-00406070 and strengthened by the mass media,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00943-00406070-00406294 has always been the viewpoint of the winners.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00944-00406294-00406506 Even so, we try to break these rules
Q-tO06kDQMM-00945-00406534-00406850 the other version of this kind of "History", the viewpoint of the defeated.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00946-00406850-00407194 That´s what you try to present in this movie and what we try to tell.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00947-00407366-00407818 It must have been difficult for you to write this book.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00948-00407950-00408302 - Some psychology is needed...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00949-00408702-00409402 [Dead and missing since 1964]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00950-00410582-00410978 Despite our divergences, we took part in a solidary movement
Q-tO06kDQMM-00951-00411078-00411530 that is kind of being destroyed
Q-tO06kDQMM-00952-00411530-00411774 Individualism, every man for himself,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00953-00411774-00412202 at most for his family. These conditions currently prevail.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00954-00412202-00412446 But we have lived by other ideas
Q-tO06kDQMM-00955-00412538-00412810 and it is important to remember them.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00956-00412810-00413346 It´s possible to live a fraternal life.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00957-00413438-00413846 a solidary economy. And now I remember Marcos Arruda´s words.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00958-00414006-00414566 My friend, you are already a hope.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00959-00414702-00415230 is a lively proof that it is not
Q-tO06kDQMM-00960-00415270-00415522 [ Economist ]
Q-tO06kDQMM-00961-00415522-00415914 These men haven´t understood that their world is already dead -
Q-tO06kDQMM-00962-00416082-00416562 a world that is on the opposite side of the human evolution,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00963-00416562-00416798 that is against evolution.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00964-00416938-00417366 The patriarchal system that is also hierarchical, authoritarian,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00965-00417434-00417778 capitalist, materialistic, consumerist... overpowers reality
Q-tO06kDQMM-00966-00417906-00418414 due to a kind of culture subsisting on inertia, despite being already dead,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00967-00418482-00418758 and turning everything into merchandise.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00968-00418802-00419190 People may be rich though unhappy, lonely, maybe suicidal...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00969-00419226-00419650 And you may ask yourself: "How can that be? They have everything." It´s not true.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00970-00419650-00419946 We can have everything even when we do not have what to wear.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00971-00420110-00420314 We take part in a world of hope
Q-tO06kDQMM-00972-00420434-00420838 that is taking place in each gesture,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00973-00420838-00421170 that is leaving behind our old patterns of man and woman.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00974-00421382-00421666 The time I died under torture, I profoundly revisited my faith
Q-tO06kDQMM-00975-00421706-00422066 and it happened to be too deep.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00976-00422258-00422718 Every religion that adheres to a belief in an outside God
Q-tO06kDQMM-00977-00422858-00423098 has lost its sense of meaning
Q-tO06kDQMM-00978-00423138-00423638 since I had to review my understanding of the experience I had had.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00979-00423734-00424282 I´m living that same way of life Jesus lived,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00980-00424314-00424942 climbing my Calvary. This is what is higher and more profound.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00981-00424942-00425206 And who is to say that I´ve lost the war?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00982-00425206-00425370 They´ve lost the war, not me.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00983-00425466-00425690 They may kill me, my body may die,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00984-00425862-00426070 but my spirit is unbeatable
Q-tO06kDQMM-00985-00426146-00426318 and they are powerless.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00986-00426318-00426842 This is what I learned during those moments of torture,
Q-tO06kDQMM-00987-00426842-00427090 violence and death face to face.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00988-00427250-00427654 Once I had survived, I was full of gratitude for life
Q-tO06kDQMM-00989-00427706-00427986 and feeling a great sense of responsibility.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00990-00428134-00428502 My God! Why me?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00991-00428502-00428710 So many wonderful people were killed...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00992-00428758-00429106 How could I be worthy of the grace and the gift of remaining alive in this world?
Q-tO06kDQMM-00993-00429146-00429402 I may have some sort of mission to fulfill...
Q-tO06kDQMM-00994-00433537-00433781 Quoting Cecília Meirelles:
Q-tO06kDQMM-00995-00433865-00434317 "Freedom is not enough.
Q-tO06kDQMM-00996-00429839-00430218 PRODUCED BY FRANCISCO SORIANO
Q-tO06kDQMM-00997-00430324-00430814 SCREENPLAY, DIRECTED AND EDITED BY PETER CORDENONSI
Q-tO06kDQMM-00998-00430927-00431326 PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH VERA MODERNO
Q-tO06kDQMM-00999-00431473-00431911 CINEMATOGRAPHY AND CAMERA OP THIAGO SCORZA
Q-tO06kDQMM-01000-00432057-00432433 SOUND (LOCATION) THIAGO SOBRAL
Q-tO06kDQMM-01001-00432555-00432949 SOUNDTRACK FRANCISCO SORIANO
Q-tO06kDQMM-01002-00433015-00433361 ARCHIVE FOOTAGE CALIBAN FILM PRODUCTIONS
Q-tO06kDQMM-01003-00442361-00442790 BASED ON FRANCISCO SORIANO'S SELF-TITLED BOOK
Q-tO06kDQMM-01004-00442909-00443493 IN TRIBUTE TO CAPTAIN JOSÉ MILTON BARBOSA
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00000-00010500-00010700 There are days
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00001-00010938-00011262 I wake up in a pinch myself,
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00002-00011310-00011606 But you with me not someone else
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00003-00011768-00012168 And I'm scared, I'm so scared
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00004-00012270-00012838 that is all a dreams
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00005-00013082-00013647 Cause you still look perfect this days go by
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00006-00013772-00014266 Even the worst ones, you make me smile
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00007-00014352-00014966 I'd stop the world if it gave us time
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00008-00015352-00015710 Cause when you love someone
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00009-00015791-00016058 You open up your heart
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00010-00016060-00016574 when you love someone you make room
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00011-00016666-00017048 If you love someone ( I love you )
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00012-00017054-00017266 and you not afraid to lose em
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00013-00017312-00017796 you probably never love someone like i do
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00014-00018008-00018614 You know, it's always so glad to spend a day with you, it's when so fast. I'm so happy
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00015-00018761-00018893 Thank you
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00016-00018893-00019424 You're welcome, and I was thinking uh spend the rest of the evening
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00017-00019460-00019820 Tonight with my friend's house what do you think?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00018-00019966-00020186 I'm sorry. I cannot
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00019-00020186-00020466 Why . What's that any plan tonight?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00020-00020584-00020784 Yes, I was
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00021-00020794-00021272 Plans to going on with my girls. So we're going have girls out tonight
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00022-00021352-00022104 You know, come on. I'm not asking you every time something. I'm sure have a nice fun. It's gonna be fun
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00023-00022174-00022304 Let's go
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00024-00022476-00022676 mm
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00025-00022846-00023046 Yeah, say yes
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00026-00023128-00023338 Trust me. It's gonna be fun
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00027-00023410-00023550 fine, I'll go.
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00028-00023550-00024070 Oh, thank you. It's only you and me dancing all night.
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00029-00024100-00024236 I know
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00030-00024364-00024478 I love you
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00031-00024528-00024692 I love you two
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00032-00026286-00026664 phone ringing
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00033-00026989-00027380 phone ringing
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00034-00027914-00028294 phone ringing
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00035-00028483-00030056 phone ringing
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00036-00030076-00030276 Oh
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00037-00031516-00031888 No. It's  write down 22 miscalls
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00038-00032074-00032124 Hello
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00039-00032266-00032316 Hello honey
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00040-00032614-00032744 Yeah honey?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00041-00032916-00033060 Why you didn't come home last night ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00042-00033202-00033298 Are you with the girls ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00043-00033484-00033558 No
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00044-00033742-00033804 No
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00045-00033938-00034250 Actually, I was with my friend
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00046-00034490-00034668 No, i know you with the girls
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00047-00034788-00034924 and I know where you are
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00048-00035122-00035186 No,
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00049-00035242-00035412 I'm with my friends
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00050-00035670-00035734 No
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00051-00035814-00036020 You are going out with the girls
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00052-00036140-00036240 And you know what ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00053-00036360-00036511 I'm going to find her
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00054-00036568-00036702 and I wanna kill her
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00055-00037040-00037240 What you talking about ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00056-00037520-00037586 No,
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00057-00037632-00037876 there was nobody there's a few of my friends
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00058-00037886-00038198 and we are hang out and then we get
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00059-00038258-00038458 drink and I was drunk
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00060-00038522-00038706 That's why I didn't came down.
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00061-00038720-00038916 So i sleep with my guys in here.
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00062-00039134-00039376 I promise you I will kill her.
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00063-00039376-00039520 I'm not joking
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00064-00039740-00039842 What
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00065-00040064-00040264 Who you going to kill ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00066-00040502-00040780 You asked me (laugh )
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00067-00040816-00041248 I'm going to kill her your girlfriend . That's it
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00068-00041462-00041628 Are you crazy ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00069-00042172-00042322 Seriously ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00070-00042386-00042442 hello.
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00071-00042582-00042646 Hello.
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00072-00042714-00042764 Hello
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00073-00042764-00042858 Hon?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00074-00042858-00042908 Honey.
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00075-00042908-00042958 Hello
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00076-00043122-00043210 Oh no
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00077-00043434-00043500 No
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00078-00043654-00043742 Hello
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00079-00043862-00043970 Oh shit
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00080-00044058-00044122 no
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00081-00044274-00044402 Shit, i have to leave
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00082-00044886-00044984 baby
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00083-00045068-00045146 baby
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00084-00045148-00045198 mm
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00085-00045318-00045414 That's it
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00086-00045578-00045794 It's a, it's a, it's a 8:30
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00087-00045794-00045904 mm
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00088-00045904-00046054 I have to leave now,
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00089-00046162-00046276 you know what uh,
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00090-00046362-00046526 I'll, i'll sent you cab
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00091-00046530-00046624 You take a cab
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00092-00046624-00046790 Are you going to leave now ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00093-00046796-00047236 Yeah. I was, very, very emergency. I have to go to office, you know,
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00094-00047272-00047350 so
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00095-00047428-00047628 Is it all right if you take a cab ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00096-00047660-00047792 Yeah, it's alright
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00097-00047814-00047890 Yeah ?
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00098-00047922-00048086 Yeah, i will sent you a cab
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00099-00048127-00048241 Sleep while huh,
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00100-00048242-00048398 I'ts no worry, and uh sleep well
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00101-00048448-00048684 Just ring me once you're back home  huh
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00102-00048684-00048768 yeah, sure
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00103-00048768-00048904 Okay, take care
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00104-00048904-00048996 Love you
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00105-00048996-00049080 Love you two
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00106-00049080-00049152 Yeah, bye
Q-YL_yCCJ74-00107-00049152-00049222 Bye
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00000-00000776-00001160 [Music]
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00001-00003176-00003765 So our club is affiliated with tennis on campus it's another tennis organization that we go to we go different tournaments
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00002-00003767-00004262 And we play private schools public schools and Cal states sometimes so sometimes you play against
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00003-00004335-00004721 USC UCLA and maybe Cal Poly Pomona sometimes and other cool
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00004-00004782-00005159 We practice on Mondays and Wednesdays typically between 5:00 and 7:00 p.m.
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00005-00005159-00005758 And we practice at CSUN between the Northbridge Academy and the sand volleyball court
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00006-00005862-00006055 So we do activities like fundraising
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00007-00006055-00006255 And I really enjoyed foundrasing cos i get to
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00008-00006266-00006638 Hang out with the rest of the team and we can also get funds for the club
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00009-00006638-00007066 So it's kind of a win-win situation you get money, and you get to hang out with the club, so it's really nice
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00010-00007726-00008064 So the thing about this club is that people come here to make friends, and we also compete
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00011-00008065-00008422 But my favorite thing about it is that we make friends because when I came here
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00012-00008422-00008659 I didn't know too many people so when I came to the Tennis Club
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00013-00008660-00009068 I was able to find a lot of friends, and we were able to relate because everyone was really supportive
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00014-00009068-00009268 And we all really love tennis
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00015-00010181-00010608 After a long day of school. I just want to hit something whether it's a tennisball or
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00016-00010679-00011298 Something else and tennis allows me to do that I can release my frustration and my stress that I have from school into a tennis
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00017-00011299-00011599 Ball, and I think that's why mainly I like tennis so much
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00018-00012304-00012944 To me tennis is like a fight between you and your opponent where you neither comes into contact at all with each other
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00019-00012974-00013540 It's just a one-on-one fight between you and them hitting a ball back and forth see who can outmaneuver the other
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00020-00014280-00014666 The advice I give beginners or people starting out to play get on the court
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00021-00014696-00015052 Grab a friend and hit balls back and forth you only get better by playing
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00022-00015097-00015562 When I first started my coach always says that it's easy to get good, but it's always hard to get better
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00023-00015584-00015784 that's why it's important to keep playing
Q_Uw5h1LqNo-00024-00015878-00016291 I just really love the sport one of the funnest things. I could think of doing on my free time
QCYcAIYU8-y-00000-00000006-00000514 Understanding of the "Within Groups" variation and the "Between Groups" variation
QCYcAIYU8-y-00001-00000550-00001046 is important for further insight into the regression modelling process.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00002-00001168-00002046 Suppose our goal is to compare countries not on the basis of the scale variable
QCYcAIYU8-y-00003-00002144-00002504 at not by means of the metric variable, but by using ordinal variable -
QCYcAIYU8-y-00004-00002514-00002812 for instance, let it be the "Job Satisfaction".
QCYcAIYU8-y-00005-00002876-00003829 Strictly speaking, we cannot use ANOVA for cases, when our dependent variable is "ordinal". However,
QCYcAIYU8-y-00006-00004110-00004570 we can apply another variation of ANOVA, namely, the Kruskal-Wallis test.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00007-00004634-00004886 How do we run it?
QCYcAIYU8-y-00008-00004942-00005136 "Analyze" ->
QCYcAIYU8-y-00009-00005196-00005416 "Nonparametric Tests" ->
QCYcAIYU8-y-00010-00005460-00005708 "Independent Samples" ->
QCYcAIYU8-y-00011-00005932-00006328 "Customize Tests" -> "Kruskal-Wallis" ->
QCYcAIYU8-y-00012-00006528-00006695 "Fields" ->
QCYcAIYU8-y-00013-00006818-00006916 "Country".
QCYcAIYU8-y-00014-00006940-00007294 I also have to find "Job Satisfaction", just give me a second.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00015-00007378-00007968 Now I am sorting variables alphabetically - not by their labels, but on the basis of their names in the database.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00016-00008102-00008482 Here is the needed variable - "How satisfied with the job".
QCYcAIYU8-y-00017-00008824-00009274 There as a minor 'bug' in the script meaning it will not accept the ordinal variable.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00018-00009282-00009994 That is why I am going to set the variable type as "Scale".
QCYcAIYU8-y-00019-00010186-00010410 Here I have just changed it.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00020-00010520-00010990 "Analyze" -> "Nonparametric Tests" -> "Independent Samples" ->
QCYcAIYU8-y-00021-00011090-00011330 "Kruskal-Wallis" ->
QCYcAIYU8-y-00022-00011594-00011780 "Country".
QCYcAIYU8-y-00023-00012700-00012872 Launch.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00024-00013706-00014547 Output format immediately displays that the null hypothesis is rejected
QCYcAIYU8-y-00025-00014610-00015266 with 95% confidence, because "Significance" is less than 0.05.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00026-00015434-00016980 We can double-click it to see, how the results for Job satisfaction are distributed among countries.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00027-00017168-00018142 The highest satisfaction level was detected in Israel, where some respondents even rated it as “10”.
QCYcAIYU8-y-00028-00018238-00018480 The lowest results for Job satisfaction … { }
QEItE4okW0c-00000-00000000-00000100 Relaxation Music
QF3CFPXWlUU-00000-00001308-00001666 - You know I think one aspect that's often overlooked
QF3CFPXWlUU-00001-00001666-00002061 in Ed innovation and Ed reform,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00002-00002061-00002254 is how important it is that learning become
QF3CFPXWlUU-00003-00002254-00002422 communal and ongoing.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00004-00002517-00002714 Network's in our name,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00005-00002714-00002888 but actually we're just on the verge
QF3CFPXWlUU-00006-00002888-00003067 of really helping adults
QF3CFPXWlUU-00007-00003067-00003397 deeply engage in network behaviors
QF3CFPXWlUU-00008-00003397-00003625 in ways that really challenges the old paradigm
QF3CFPXWlUU-00009-00003625-00003813 of schools being isolated,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00010-00003813-00004143 classrooms being kingdoms or queendoms.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00011-00004143-00004414 and today more than ever,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00012-00004414-00004800 I think this idea of helping develop new ways
QF3CFPXWlUU-00013-00004800-00005122 of connecting educators and schools
QF3CFPXWlUU-00014-00005122-00005517 into professional networks using network behavior,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00015-00005517-00005855 I think is gonna help us help, more than anything,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00016-00005855-00006132 have deeper learning be a reality
QF3CFPXWlUU-00017-00006132-00006357 for every child, not just some children.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00018-00006483-00006747 - So, I was fortunate to have the opportunity
QF3CFPXWlUU-00019-00006747-00006956 to be a teacher in an international school
QF3CFPXWlUU-00020-00006956-00007125 before I became the principal
QF3CFPXWlUU-00021-00007125-00007281 of an international high school.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00022-00007281-00007662 And so, that experience gave me a really good vision
QF3CFPXWlUU-00023-00007662-00007889 of what I knew a successful international school
QF3CFPXWlUU-00024-00007889-00007974 could look like.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00025-00008095-00008421 One of the first components that we put in place,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00026-00008421-00008719 besides the structure of the team,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00027-00008719-00009025 was to bring in teachers who had similar experience
QF3CFPXWlUU-00028-00009025-00009228 and could help carry the culture
QF3CFPXWlUU-00029-00009228-00009458 of International's practice forward.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00030-00009458-00009725 But, on an ongoing basis,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00031-00009725-00009968 the opportunity to visit other schools
QF3CFPXWlUU-00032-00009968-00010244 that are working with similar populations and students,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00033-00010244-00010587 and trying to address similar problems of practice
QF3CFPXWlUU-00034-00010587-00010739 has been really important.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00035-00010739-00011055 So, being able to go see someone else's classroom
QF3CFPXWlUU-00036-00011055-00011427 is a really great way for us to get ideas and inspiration
QF3CFPXWlUU-00037-00011427-00011625 about work that we can do with our own students
QF3CFPXWlUU-00038-00011625-00011971 and at the same time, opening our classroom gives us
QF3CFPXWlUU-00039-00011971-00012219 the chance to get some feedback on things that we're doing
QF3CFPXWlUU-00040-00012219-00012568 that might be informed by work others are doing outside.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00041-00012568-00012946 So, it's hard from the many years to pick one thing,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00042-00012946-00013124 but something that stuck with me
QF3CFPXWlUU-00043-00013124-00013409 from the earliest years of being a teacher,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00044-00013409-00013613 was the opportunity to go see
QF3CFPXWlUU-00045-00013613-00013816 Brooklyn International High School.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00046-00013816-00014155 One of my colleagues
QF3CFPXWlUU-00047-00014155-00014534 a few weeks into that first year of teaching,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00048-00014534-00014811 gave me the opportunity to go do a visit with him
QF3CFPXWlUU-00049-00014811-00015005 to Brooklyn International High School,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00050-00015005-00015222 which was a much more established school.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00051-00015222-00015407 Flushing International High School, at the time
QF3CFPXWlUU-00052-00015407-00015636 only had a ninth and 10th grade,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00053-00015636-00016003 so there were not all of the different structures
QF3CFPXWlUU-00054-00016003-00016141 and models to refer to.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00055-00016141-00016405 So, having the chance to go see a school
QF3CFPXWlUU-00056-00016405-00016530 that was up and running,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00057-00016530-00016756 that had worked some of those problems out,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00058-00016756-00017032 was a really profound experience,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00059-00017032-00017207 and gave me a really clear sense
QF3CFPXWlUU-00060-00017207-00017352 of how much work I needed to do
QF3CFPXWlUU-00061-00017352-00017642 to get from where I was to where I knew I wanted to go.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00062-00017746-00018021 - And so, our district leaders at that time
QF3CFPXWlUU-00063-00018021-00018432 visit various cities and on the quest,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00064-00018432-00018596 what's gonna work for Nashville?
QF3CFPXWlUU-00065-00018596-00018739 What do our students need?
QF3CFPXWlUU-00066-00018739-00018941 Based on what our expectations are.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00067-00018941-00019141 And so, they searched, they searched,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00068-00019141-00019497 and came and visited The Met in Providence, Rhode Island,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00069-00019497-00019686 and then, the rest is history.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00070-00019686-00019934 So, going and visiting and speaking with students
QF3CFPXWlUU-00071-00019934-00020279 who had experienced, then speaking with staff members
QF3CFPXWlUU-00072-00020279-00020528 who said, "Okay, I'm aboard this,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00073-00020528-00020661 "this is something different.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00074-00020661-00020865 "It's learning from the student.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00075-00020865-00021033 "I am supporting their learning."
QF3CFPXWlUU-00076-00021033-00021216 And it's engaging them in a way
QF3CFPXWlUU-00077-00021216-00021385 that they haven't really been engaged,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00078-00021385-00021573 having a voice about learning,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00079-00021573-00021763 having students that have internships,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00080-00021763-00021908 those types of things.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00081-00021908-00022162 And then, branching out for students
QF3CFPXWlUU-00082-00022162-00022416 who could also have dual enrollment opportunities,
QF3CFPXWlUU-00083-00022416-00022761 showing them life before the actual life happens.
QF3CFPXWlUU-00084-00022761-00022964 Giving them an opportunity to explore.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00000-00000000-00000581 Max Planck was one of the greatest physicists of all times.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00001-00000583-00001114 And this is what he said somewhere around 1944.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00002-00001274-00001551 "As a man who has devoted his whole life"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00003-00001553-00001970 "to the most clear-headed science, to the study of matter, I can tell you"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00004-00001970-00002391 "as a result of my research about the atoms this much:"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00005-00002394-00002783 "THERE IS NO MATTER AS SUCH!"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00006-00002783-00003290 "All mater originates and exists only by virtue of force which"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00007-00003293-00003780 "brings the particles of an atom to vibration and hold this most minute"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00008-00003782-00004059 "solar system of the atom together."
QGubKMSdK0Q-00009-00004059-00004374 "We must assume behind this force the existence"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00010-00004374-00004737 "of a conscience and intelligent Spirit."
QGubKMSdK0Q-00011-00004739-00005183 This Spirit is the matrix of all matter.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00012-00005313-00005867 So, Max Planck, one of the greatest physicists of all time...
QGubKMSdK0Q-00013-00006016-00006331 First gives us an introduction.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00014-00006334-00006879 Saying that he "devoted his whole life to the most clear-headed"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00015-00006879-00007238 "science - to the study of matter".
QGubKMSdK0Q-00016-00007238-00007827 He knows that what he is about to tell us is so impossible,
QGubKMSdK0Q-00017-00007830-00008572 so improbable, so beyond our regular, normal, everyday comprehension
QGubKMSdK0Q-00018-00008575-00009131 of life and the Universe in general... So, he needs to emphasize.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00019-00009133-00009587 He feels the need to emphasize that he devoted his life to
QGubKMSdK0Q-00020-00009590-00009936 "the most clear-headed science of all",
QGubKMSdK0Q-00021-00009939-00010095 "study of matter".
QGubKMSdK0Q-00022-00010172-00010699 And then he goes and says: "There is no matter as such".
QGubKMSdK0Q-00023-00010791-00011700 All matter is energy; condensed, slowed, in a slow vibration
QGubKMSdK0Q-00024-00011702-00012191 and that slow vibration gives that matter certain solidity.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00025-00012191-00012457 You can touch the walls, and each other,
QGubKMSdK0Q-00026-00012457-00012882 and this whiteboard, and pen, and whatever...
QGubKMSdK0Q-00027-00012885-00013477 Because that energy is condensed to a slow vibration.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00028-00013480-00014007 Or in his words: "There is a force which brings the particles"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00029-00014007-00014435 "of an atom to vibration and holds this most minute solar system"
QGubKMSdK0Q-00030-00014435-00014639 "of the atom together".
QGubKMSdK0Q-00031-00014724-00015289 And now we are coming to the second point - that's even more important.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00032-00015345-00015819 He says that there is a force that holds the atom together
QGubKMSdK0Q-00033-00015819-00016317 and we must assume that behind this force
QGubKMSdK0Q-00034-00016317-00016942 there is "a conscious and intelligent Spirit".
QGubKMSdK0Q-00035-00017033-00017485 There is "a conscience and intelligent Spirit".
QGubKMSdK0Q-00036-00017487-00018093 You can call it "soul", you can call it consciousness... ("conscious Spirit")...
QGubKMSdK0Q-00037-00018093-00018680 However, consciousness is NOT byproduct of our
QGubKMSdK0Q-00038-00018683-00019771 brain complexity. Consciousness is inherent to all matter.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00039-00019773-00020210 Even small, tiny atom...
QGubKMSdK0Q-00040-00020212-00021172 That force that holds it together - is conscience and intelligent.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00041-00021201-00021973 Each and every atom has certain consciousness included.
QGubKMSdK0Q-00042-00021973-00022416 Or there wouldn't be matter.
QHat3GH1QR4-00000-00000484-00000836 Welcome to ML Talks and for those of you
QHat3GH1QR4-00001-00000836-00001098 who are watching on the stream, you can,
QHat3GH1QR4-00002-00001098-00001363 and actually for anybody here as well,
QHat3GH1QR4-00003-00001363-00001607 you can ask questions or make comments on Twitter
QHat3GH1QR4-00004-00001607-00002108 with the hashtag MLTalks and we're gonna be trying a new
QHat3GH1QR4-00005-00002277-00002468 question comment app.
QHat3GH1QR4-00006-00002583-00003083 Go to, the website's slido.com
QHat3GH1QR4-00007-00003121-00003347 and it will ask you for a code number
QHat3GH1QR4-00008-00003347-00003635 which is hash or pound N734
QHat3GH1QR4-00009-00003821-00004119 and this will let you send messages to someone here
QHat3GH1QR4-00010-00004119-00004496 who will project the messages onto the display
QHat3GH1QR4-00011-00004496-00004710 but today's guest is Cecilia Conrad
QHat3GH1QR4-00012-00004710-00004923 and we worked together,
QHat3GH1QR4-00013-00004923-00005162 I'm on the board of the MacArthur Foundation
QHat3GH1QR4-00014-00005162-00005562 and a lot of people ask me how do I get the Fellowship
QHat3GH1QR4-00015-00005562-00005740 or am I ever gonna get the Fellowship
QHat3GH1QR4-00016-00005740-00006057 or why didn't I get a Fellowship, I deserve a Fellowship,
QHat3GH1QR4-00017-00006057-00006190 and everybody asks me all these questions
QHat3GH1QR4-00018-00006190-00006451 and then also some people have this sort of mistaken idea
QHat3GH1QR4-00019-00006451-00006813 that it's a super secret thing and so I'm always answering
QHat3GH1QR4-00020-00006813-00007028 questions about the MacArthur Fellows
QHat3GH1QR4-00021-00007028-00007191 and so I decided the best thing to do
QHat3GH1QR4-00022-00007191-00007430 was to have Cecilia come and explain
QHat3GH1QR4-00023-00007430-00007816 and sort of that's sort of shrouded in mystery,
QHat3GH1QR4-00024-00007816-00007923 the MacArthur Fellowship program.
QHat3GH1QR4-00025-00007923-00008243 So, Cecilia runs the program at the MacArthur Foundation
QHat3GH1QR4-00026-00008243-00008426 and she's been there running it for the last,
QHat3GH1QR4-00027-00008426-00008695 I think five years, and she's one of my favorite people
QHat3GH1QR4-00028-00008695-00008781 at the MacArthur Foundation,
QHat3GH1QR4-00029-00008781-00008986 so I'm very happy to have Cecilia Conrad.
QHat3GH1QR4-00030-00009121-00009363 (applauding)
QHat3GH1QR4-00031-00009897-00010219 Well, hello and thank you for having me.
QHat3GH1QR4-00032-00010457-00010592 I wanna start, just a moment,
QHat3GH1QR4-00033-00010592-00010908 I'm working on the assumption that most of you who are here
QHat3GH1QR4-00034-00010998-00011235 are familiar with the MacArthur Fellows program.
QHat3GH1QR4-00035-00011235-00011443 Is that an accurate assumption?
QHat3GH1QR4-00036-00011584-00011671 Sort of?
QHat3GH1QR4-00037-00011671-00011756 Okay.
QHat3GH1QR4-00038-00011756-00012256 So, the MacArthur Foundation each year identifies
QHat3GH1QR4-00039-00012297-00012797 20 to 25 exceptionally creative individuals
QHat3GH1QR4-00040-00012879-00013229 and gives them a Fellowship, five year Fellowship,
QHat3GH1QR4-00041-00013229-00013729 125,000 a year, no strings attached.
QHat3GH1QR4-00042-00013775-00013922 There's no reporting,
QHat3GH1QR4-00043-00013922-00014183 you can do with the money whatever you want to do.
QHat3GH1QR4-00044-00014288-00014738 The Fellowship is unusual because you can't apply for it
QHat3GH1QR4-00045-00014738-00015236 and ideally you don't even know that we're looking at you.
QHat3GH1QR4-00046-00015366-00015866 Just one day, someone, that's me, calls you up,
QHat3GH1QR4-00047-00016058-00016525 begins the conversation with this is Cecilia Conrad
QHat3GH1QR4-00048-00016525-00016778 from the MacArthur Foundation,
QHat3GH1QR4-00049-00016778-00017278 are you some place you can have a confidential conversation?
QHat3GH1QR4-00050-00017409-00017600 That will be your clue.
QHat3GH1QR4-00051-00017600-00017842 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-00052-00017842-00018220 Now, I wanted to give you just an overview of the program
QHat3GH1QR4-00053-00018220-00018574 and this video.
QHat3GH1QR4-00054-00018574-00018776 I am a visual artist.
QHat3GH1QR4-00055-00018776-00018883 I'm a historian.
QHat3GH1QR4-00056-00018883-00019045 My work helps farm workers protect
QHat3GH1QR4-00057-00019045-00019237 their fundamental human rights in the fields.
QHat3GH1QR4-00058-00019237-00019328 I'm a play write.
QHat3GH1QR4-00059-00019328-00019435 Computer scientist.
QHat3GH1QR4-00060-00019435-00019760 I'm an artist working in photography and video.
QHat3GH1QR4-00061-00019760-00019895 I'm a mathematician.
QHat3GH1QR4-00062-00019895-00020060 I study undocumented migration
QHat3GH1QR4-00063-00020060-00020227 from a variety of perspectives.
QHat3GH1QR4-00064-00020227-00020379 I'm a musician, songwriter.
QHat3GH1QR4-00065-00020379-00020488 I am a journalist.
QHat3GH1QR4-00066-00020488-00020632 A social justice organizer.
QHat3GH1QR4-00067-00020632-00020746 Theater artist.
QHat3GH1QR4-00068-00020746-00021003 I bring communities together to be a source
QHat3GH1QR4-00069-00021003-00021241 for health, wellness, and healing in the inner city.
QHat3GH1QR4-00070-00021241-00021426 Fiction writer and cultural critic.
QHat3GH1QR4-00071-00021426-00021566 A landscape architect.
QHat3GH1QR4-00072-00021566-00021762 I try to learn how to see the world.
QHat3GH1QR4-00073-00021762-00021894 I'm a psychologist.
QHat3GH1QR4-00074-00021894-00022020 A historian of East Africa.
QHat3GH1QR4-00075-00022020-00022249 Diner and urban planner.
QHat3GH1QR4-00076-00022249-00022332 Computer scientist.
QHat3GH1QR4-00077-00022332-00022478 An opera director and producer.
QHat3GH1QR4-00078-00022478-00022592 I am an improviser, composer.
QHat3GH1QR4-00079-00022592-00022690 An immunologist.
QHat3GH1QR4-00080-00022690-00022829 I am a writer.
QHat3GH1QR4-00081-00022829-00023130 (soft music)
QHat3GH1QR4-00082-00023130-00023422 So, what you'll see from that video is that
QHat3GH1QR4-00083-00023422-00023881 we look for creativity in every space.
QHat3GH1QR4-00084-00023881-00024285 We try to have the program reflect the depth and breath
QHat3GH1QR4-00085-00024285-00024490 of American creativity.
QHat3GH1QR4-00086-00024490-00024808 So, each year the class, we like to think of the class
QHat3GH1QR4-00087-00024808-00025192 as a bouquet, will have a breath of fields represented
QHat3GH1QR4-00088-00025192-00025459 from the arts to the sciences to people engaged
QHat3GH1QR4-00089-00025459-00025801 in public issue work and there will also have a breath
QHat3GH1QR4-00090-00025801-00026106 of individuals, people who were born outside of the US,
QHat3GH1QR4-00091-00026106-00026297 people who were born inside of the US,
QHat3GH1QR4-00092-00026297-00026539 and later on I'll give you some more statistics
QHat3GH1QR4-00093-00026539-00026795 about the program overall.
QHat3GH1QR4-00094-00026795-00026988 But before I continue,
QHat3GH1QR4-00095-00026988-00027272 I wanna just give you a little bit of story of how
QHat3GH1QR4-00096-00027272-00027772 I got what I truly believe is the coolest job in the world.
QHat3GH1QR4-00097-00028051-00028425 Years ago, about six or seven years ago,
QHat3GH1QR4-00098-00028425-00028694 no, maybe about 10 years ago, time flies,
QHat3GH1QR4-00099-00028694-00028979 I was sitting at my desk at Pomona College,
QHat3GH1QR4-00100-00029076-00029338 minding my own business when the telephone rang
QHat3GH1QR4-00101-00029426-00029727 and the person at the other end said,
QHat3GH1QR4-00102-00029727-00030227 hi, this is Dan Sokoloff from the MacArthur Foundation.
QHat3GH1QR4-00103-00030385-00030658 My heart skipped a beat.
QHat3GH1QR4-00104-00030658-00030910 Now, I will confess, it only skipped a tiny beat
QHat3GH1QR4-00105-00030910-00031124 because I just really never thought of myself
QHat3GH1QR4-00106-00031124-00031341 as in the running for MacArthur Fellowship
QHat3GH1QR4-00107-00031341-00031600 but one never stops hoping.
QHat3GH1QR4-00108-00031600-00031967 Then the next words out of his mouth were,
QHat3GH1QR4-00109-00031967-00032143 I am not calling you to tell you
QHat3GH1QR4-00110-00032143-00032355 you've gotten a MacArthur Fellowship.
QHat3GH1QR4-00111-00032355-00032645 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-00112-00032645-00032923 But what he did do was he offered me an opportunity
QHat3GH1QR4-00113-00032923-00033240 to participate in the selection process,
QHat3GH1QR4-00114-00033240-00033553 to join the Secret Selection Committee,
QHat3GH1QR4-00115-00033553-00033713 and I'm only allowed to tell you this
QHat3GH1QR4-00116-00033713-00033932 because of my current job
QHat3GH1QR4-00117-00033932-00034186 that I was on that Secret Selection Committee,
QHat3GH1QR4-00118-00034186-00034604 and it was the most amazing experience I've ever, I've had.
QHat3GH1QR4-00119-00034604-00035015 It was as if I had gone back to college
QHat3GH1QR4-00120-00035015-00035396 where I had to take courses in many,
QHat3GH1QR4-00121-00035396-00035798 many different subjects ranging from literature to physics
QHat3GH1QR4-00122-00035798-00036032 except I didn't have to take any exams
QHat3GH1QR4-00123-00036133-00036377 but I would spend the day reading, you know,
QHat3GH1QR4-00124-00036377-00036769 listening to opera or doing some kind of reading about,
QHat3GH1QR4-00125-00036769-00036933 trying to learn about quantum physics
QHat3GH1QR4-00126-00036933-00037260 or things like that and so, at the end of my term
QHat3GH1QR4-00127-00037260-00037633 on the committee, before I left, I turned to Dan and I said
QHat3GH1QR4-00128-00037633-00038133 to him, one day I want your job and I want your apartment.
QHat3GH1QR4-00129-00038301-00038494 He has this really great Chicago apartment
QHat3GH1QR4-00130-00038494-00038584 right on the lake.
QHat3GH1QR4-00131-00038675-00038984 Could not get him to give me the apartment
QHat3GH1QR4-00132-00038984-00039374 but when he was retiring, I heard about the opportunity
QHat3GH1QR4-00133-00039374-00039787 and decided it was time to make the shift from academia
QHat3GH1QR4-00134-00039787-00040009 into the MacArthur Foundation.
QHat3GH1QR4-00135-00040009-00040259 So, it's been this amazing experience
QHat3GH1QR4-00136-00040259-00040602 and the program itself is really iconic in the US,
QHat3GH1QR4-00137-00040602-00040792 it still remains unique.
QHat3GH1QR4-00138-00040904-00041262 We did a review of the program in 2012
QHat3GH1QR4-00139-00041355-00041761 and what we found about it is that we,
QHat3GH1QR4-00140-00041761-00041983 the review was kind of interesting
QHat3GH1QR4-00141-00041983-00042117 because it really looked at three different groups.
QHat3GH1QR4-00142-00042117-00042332 First it looked at the Fellows themselves
QHat3GH1QR4-00143-00042332-00042534 and asked them what their experience
QHat3GH1QR4-00144-00042534-00042759 of the Fellowship had been.
QHat3GH1QR4-00145-00042759-00043068 Not surprisingly, they all really liked the money.
QHat3GH1QR4-00146-00043174-00043354 You know, they all said the money's great
QHat3GH1QR4-00147-00043354-00043768 but we also heard that it allowed them to increase
QHat3GH1QR4-00148-00043768-00044151 their opportunity for creativity and it also allowed them to
QHat3GH1QR4-00149-00044151-00044481 take some risk and we've seen lots of different ways
QHat3GH1QR4-00150-00044481-00044793 in which the Fellows have actually put the money to work.
QHat3GH1QR4-00151-00044793-00045051 Some Fellows have set it aside in a pot
QHat3GH1QR4-00152-00045051-00045230 because they anticipated that one day
QHat3GH1QR4-00153-00045230-00045609 they wanted to do some research that NIH or NSF
QHat3GH1QR4-00154-00045609-00045758 or any of the traditional funders
QHat3GH1QR4-00155-00045758-00045915 wouldn't be willing to fund.
QHat3GH1QR4-00156-00046000-00046232 Other Fellows, particularly in the Arts,
QHat3GH1QR4-00157-00046232-00046601 have used it to cut back on the sort of freeway
QHat3GH1QR4-00158-00046601-00046941 warrior jobs, the riding from place to place
QHat3GH1QR4-00159-00046941-00047098 to teach a creative writing course here
QHat3GH1QR4-00160-00047098-00047295 or to get creative writing course there
QHat3GH1QR4-00161-00047295-00047647 in order to allow them more time to practice their art.
QHat3GH1QR4-00162-00047647-00047921 There are fellows who have taken the money
QHat3GH1QR4-00163-00047921-00048118 and given it away themselves
QHat3GH1QR4-00164-00048118-00048502 either by creating scholarship funds, Fellowship funds,
QHat3GH1QR4-00165-00048502-00048678 sometimes in their own fields,
QHat3GH1QR4-00166-00048678-00049055 sometimes in places further away is one Fellow
QHat3GH1QR4-00167-00049055-00049358 who set up a program to provide sabbaticals
QHat3GH1QR4-00168-00049358-00049761 for family caregivers, so, we've seen a variety of uses
QHat3GH1QR4-00169-00049761-00049957 to which they have put them a funds
QHat3GH1QR4-00170-00049957-00050370 including paying off student loans and childcare.
QHat3GH1QR4-00171-00050518-00050850 The second audience was what we called influentials.
QHat3GH1QR4-00172-00050850-00051282 Influentials were defined as people who were in fields
QHat3GH1QR4-00173-00051282-00051492 where we traditionally give the Fellowships
QHat3GH1QR4-00174-00051492-00051735 who've been in possessions where they were likely
QHat3GH1QR4-00175-00051735-00051991 to have come across Fellows in the past
QHat3GH1QR4-00176-00051991-00052253 and we asked them what do you think of
QHat3GH1QR4-00177-00052253-00052500 when you think of a MacArthur Fellow?
QHat3GH1QR4-00178-00052500-00052766 And this word cloud on the bottom of the screen here
QHat3GH1QR4-00179-00052766-00053107 gives you a sense of the answers that we got
QHat3GH1QR4-00180-00053107-00053445 with creative being the word that stands out,
QHat3GH1QR4-00181-00053445-00053880 the largest, and then innovative really close to that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00182-00053880-00054104 Now, when we think about creativity,
QHat3GH1QR4-00183-00054104-00054320 we have a specific definition.
QHat3GH1QR4-00184-00054320-00054754 We see creativity as the ability to create something new,
QHat3GH1QR4-00185-00054754-00055159 the ability to connect the seemingly unconnected
QHat3GH1QR4-00186-00055159-00055396 in unexpected ways,
QHat3GH1QR4-00187-00055396-00055707 the ability to kind of connect across disciplines.
QHat3GH1QR4-00188-00055707-00056008 In fact, one of the things we've observed is that
QHat3GH1QR4-00189-00056008-00056355 many of our Fellows come from interdisciplinary backgrounds.
QHat3GH1QR4-00190-00056355-00056654 Someone may have been an English major in college
QHat3GH1QR4-00191-00056654-00056944 who took a neuroscience course her senior year
QHat3GH1QR4-00192-00056944-00057286 to fulfill a distribution requirement, fell in love with it,
QHat3GH1QR4-00193-00057286-00057655 and that became the career that the person pursued.
QHat3GH1QR4-00194-00057655-00057920 We found dancers who become scientists
QHat3GH1QR4-00195-00057920-00058257 and scientists who've become authors and fiction writers.
QHat3GH1QR4-00196-00058257-00058452 So, that interdisciplinary aspect
QHat3GH1QR4-00197-00058452-00058670 is one of the things we've observed.
QHat3GH1QR4-00198-00058670-00058833 And then the last group,
QHat3GH1QR4-00199-00058833-00059105 and this is one that really kind of excited me
QHat3GH1QR4-00200-00059105-00059344 when I first heard this, and that is,
QHat3GH1QR4-00201-00059344-00059609 we had this group called the Engaged Public
QHat3GH1QR4-00202-00059609-00059939 and the Engaged Public was defined as people who read
QHat3GH1QR4-00203-00059939-00060435 a newspaper every day and who intended to vote
QHat3GH1QR4-00204-00060435-00060679 in the next presidential election.
QHat3GH1QR4-00205-00060679-00060844 So it's kind of a
QHat3GH1QR4-00206-00060844-00061123 fairly loose phrase for the engaged public.
QHat3GH1QR4-00207-00061123-00061396 What we found is over half of the engaged public
QHat3GH1QR4-00208-00061396-00061713 were knowledgeable about the Fellows Program
QHat3GH1QR4-00209-00061713-00062213 and they reported it, 10% reported that hearing about
QHat3GH1QR4-00210-00062229-00062622 the Fellows Program made them think about their own work
QHat3GH1QR4-00211-00062622-00062980 and how they could do more to contribute to society
QHat3GH1QR4-00212-00062980-00063407 and 10% reported that the Fellows Program made them willing
QHat3GH1QR4-00213-00063407-00063777 to take more risk to advance their own creativity
QHat3GH1QR4-00214-00063777-00064079 so that inspirational part of the program,
QHat3GH1QR4-00215-00064079-00064479 we can add to the general idea behind it, which is to enable
QHat3GH1QR4-00216-00064479-00064808 highly creative people to do more in the future.
QHat3GH1QR4-00217-00065177-00065495 So, what I promised to do was to unrollback
QHat3GH1QR4-00218-00065495-00065965 the curtain a bit and tell you about the selection process,
QHat3GH1QR4-00219-00065965-00066252 and as Joey noted earlier, people always think
QHat3GH1QR4-00220-00066252-00066552 oh, you're so secret, it's a black box,
QHat3GH1QR4-00221-00066552-00066840 nobody knows how they pick the Fellows.
QHat3GH1QR4-00222-00066840-00067218 In fact, if you go to our website, it's all there,
QHat3GH1QR4-00223-00067218-00067581 how we pick the Fellows, we just don't give any names,
QHat3GH1QR4-00224-00067581-00067911 we're just, we're transparent and secret at the same time,
QHat3GH1QR4-00225-00067911-00068088 if that's possible.
QHat3GH1QR4-00226-00068088-00068554 So, the selection process begins with nominations.
QHat3GH1QR4-00227-00068662-00069162 Each month, we ask between 100 and 200 new people
QHat3GH1QR4-00228-00069240-00069591 to submit nominations for the Fellows Program.
QHat3GH1QR4-00229-00069804-00070280 We try to reach a broad swath of the population,
QHat3GH1QR4-00230-00070280-00070646 we try to identify people who exist at what we think of
QHat3GH1QR4-00231-00070646-00070969 as the nodes of networks where they're in a position
QHat3GH1QR4-00232-00070969-00071350 to be able to spot what's new and exciting and developing
QHat3GH1QR4-00233-00071350-00071616 across all of the fields that we look at.
QHat3GH1QR4-00234-00071784-00072153 The nominations come in to my office,
QHat3GH1QR4-00235-00072153-00072653 and our staff of roughly 10 people engages in triage.
QHat3GH1QR4-00236-00072847-00073297 Every nomination gets read by at least two of us
QHat3GH1QR4-00237-00073297-00073627 and we don't do some research about that individual.
QHat3GH1QR4-00238-00073627-00073803 This is something about the program
QHat3GH1QR4-00239-00073803-00074239 that has changed over time because in the early days
QHat3GH1QR4-00240-00074239-00074535 of the program we didn't have Google, we didn't have
QHat3GH1QR4-00241-00074535-00074827 all of the online certi, facilities
QHat3GH1QR4-00242-00074827-00075148 and so the program actually used to have paid scouts
QHat3GH1QR4-00243-00075148-00075461 whose job it was to go out and search out these people
QHat3GH1QR4-00244-00075461-00075770 and identify them but now, thanks to the fact that
QHat3GH1QR4-00245-00075770-00075986 almost everything you wanna know about people,
QHat3GH1QR4-00246-00075986-00076268 including their China pattern when they got married,
QHat3GH1QR4-00247-00076268-00076632 is online, we can do a lot of that search from our desk.
QHat3GH1QR4-00248-00076723-00077223 We then identify the nominations that seem most promising
QHat3GH1QR4-00249-00077356-00077574 for immediate development.
QHat3GH1QR4-00250-00077574-00078074 The nominations that we don't immediately develop
QHat3GH1QR4-00251-00078076-00078370 kinda stay alive in a holding bin.
QHat3GH1QR4-00252-00078370-00078681 One of the things that is noteworthy about
QHat3GH1QR4-00253-00078681-00079076 the Fellows Program is the nominations never dies.
QHat3GH1QR4-00254-00079076-00079373 We are constantly on the lookout, once someone has been
QHat3GH1QR4-00255-00079373-00079637 nominated we kinda always have a little bit of peripheral
QHat3GH1QR4-00256-00079637-00079995 vision to try and keep an eye on what that person is doing.
QHat3GH1QR4-00257-00079995-00080480 So, at the moment we have a datbase of roughly 20,000 names
QHat3GH1QR4-00258-00080480-00080809 of people who've been nominated that are constantly,
QHat3GH1QR4-00259-00080809-00081284 possibly gonna come up for the Fellowship in one year.
QHat3GH1QR4-00260-00081284-00081709 Once we've decided to develop a file, we then go out
QHat3GH1QR4-00261-00081709-00082120 and look for external reviewers.
QHat3GH1QR4-00262-00082120-00082319 We have two forms of external review:
QHat3GH1QR4-00263-00082319-00082697 one is that we go out and we find people in their field
QHat3GH1QR4-00264-00082697-00083016 or in their adjacent field, and ask them to write
QHat3GH1QR4-00265-00083016-00083160 a letter about them.
QHat3GH1QR4-00266-00083160-00083483 The other is that we read their papers,
QHat3GH1QR4-00267-00083483-00083762 we sneak in to see their concerts,
QHat3GH1QR4-00268-00083762-00084114 we go to the plays, we go to the shows,
QHat3GH1QR4-00269-00084114-00084395 this is why it's the coolest job in the world.
QHat3GH1QR4-00270-00084395-00084790 I got to go to Hamilton, when Hamilton first opened
QHat3GH1QR4-00271-00084790-00085038 and I got to call it work.
QHat3GH1QR4-00272-00085038-00085146 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-00273-00085146-00085321 One of my favorite stories, though, about trying to sneak
QHat3GH1QR4-00274-00085321-00085624 into things is not long after I came to the foundation
QHat3GH1QR4-00275-00085624-00086124 we were looking at Kyle Abraham, who is a MacArthur Fellow,
QHat3GH1QR4-00276-00086150-00086650 I believe from 2013 class, and I went to see his
QHat3GH1QR4-00277-00086721-00087053 true performance, his choreography at a really
QHat3GH1QR4-00278-00087053-00087427 off-the-beaten-track theater in Washington DC
QHat3GH1QR4-00279-00087427-00087753 and I thought to myself, okay this is,
QHat3GH1QR4-00280-00087753-00087972 no one will know who I am, this won't be a problem.
QHat3GH1QR4-00281-00087972-00088465 I walk in the door, somebody hands me a program and says,
QHat3GH1QR4-00282-00088465-00088698 what are you doing here professor Conrad?
QHat3GH1QR4-00283-00088698-00088841 It was one of my former students.
QHat3GH1QR4-00284-00088841-00089065 So we don't always get to be a secret,
QHat3GH1QR4-00285-00089065-00089293 I understand that my predecessor
QHat3GH1QR4-00286-00089293-00089489 apparently used to wear wigs.
QHat3GH1QR4-00287-00089621-00089830 I don't know if that's true, I would love to have seen
QHat3GH1QR4-00288-00089830-00090050 a picture but I haven't tried that yet, although I do
QHat3GH1QR4-00289-00090050-00090281 still have a collection of wigs from high school.
QHat3GH1QR4-00290-00090437-00090642 I went through the Angela Davis phase.
QHat3GH1QR4-00291-00090745-00091161 Okay, then once we've gotten the evaluation process,
QHat3GH1QR4-00292-00091161-00091597 we actually, we do an extensive outreach for evaluation.
QHat3GH1QR4-00293-00091597-00091952 Once, by the time someone's gotten the Fellowship,
QHat3GH1QR4-00294-00091952-00092452 they have roughly a median of 40 external letters of review,
QHat3GH1QR4-00295-00092729-00093121 so this is like super charged tenure file
QHat3GH1QR4-00296-00093121-00093458 and probably the most amazing thing about this
QHat3GH1QR4-00297-00093458-00093958 is that when I make that phone call to a MacArthur Fellow
QHat3GH1QR4-00298-00094046-00094347 and tell them they've gotten the Fellowship.
QHat3GH1QR4-00299-00094347-00094602 It is rare.
QHat3GH1QR4-00300-00094602-00095049 Less than 1% of the cases did they have any idea
QHat3GH1QR4-00301-00095049-00095248 we were looking at them.
QHat3GH1QR4-00302-00095248-00095475 This is after we've talked to 40 different people
QHat3GH1QR4-00303-00095475-00095680 about them overall, it's kind of amazing.
QHat3GH1QR4-00304-00095819-00095957 We develop the file
QHat3GH1QR4-00305-00095957-00096341 and then we take it to that Secret Selection Committee,
QHat3GH1QR4-00306-00096341-00096802 the Secret Selection Committee looks at the files twice,
QHat3GH1QR4-00307-00096802-00096955 they do a first round cut
QHat3GH1QR4-00308-00096955-00097232 and then they finally make recommendations.
QHat3GH1QR4-00309-00097232-00097415 At every stage of the process,
QHat3GH1QR4-00310-00097415-00097644 we continue to engage in due diligence
QHat3GH1QR4-00311-00097644-00097896 to learn more about the Fellow overall
QHat3GH1QR4-00312-00097896-00098201 and the Selection Committee then makes a recommendation
QHat3GH1QR4-00313-00098201-00098540 to our board and it's the board who approves
QHat3GH1QR4-00314-00098540-00098868 the selection of each class of Fellows.
QHat3GH1QR4-00315-00098868-00099194 So, just to give you a little bit of the spice
QHat3GH1QR4-00316-00099194-00099456 of each one of them, the nominators,
QHat3GH1QR4-00317-00099456-00099780 we get nominators either by doing our own research,
QHat3GH1QR4-00318-00099780-00100017 keeping track of who serves on different committees
QHat3GH1QR4-00319-00100017-00100466 and so on, we also get that we ask
QHat3GH1QR4-00320-00100600-00100883 for recommendations for nominators.
QHat3GH1QR4-00321-00100883-00101227 You cannot self-nominate,
QHat3GH1QR4-00322-00101227-00101716 you also can't really nominate your brother, your sister,
QHat3GH1QR4-00323-00101716-00102071 your mother, your daughter-in-law,
QHat3GH1QR4-00324-00102071-00102225 I'm just naming the ones we've gotten.
QHat3GH1QR4-00325-00102225-00102452 My favorite one, though, was a letter that I read
QHat3GH1QR4-00326-00102452-00102590 and when I got to the end,
QHat3GH1QR4-00327-00102590-00102777 the person said I might be biased
QHat3GH1QR4-00328-00102777-00102979 because she's the mother of my children.
QHat3GH1QR4-00329-00103086-00103561 Not an acceptable nomination overall by itself.
QHat3GH1QR4-00330-00103684-00103996 We get those monthly requests, as I said,
QHat3GH1QR4-00331-00103996-00104202 we send out for about 200 of them
QHat3GH1QR4-00332-00104202-00104574 and it yields about 1500 people nominated each year
QHat3GH1QR4-00333-00104574-00104667 'cause they're duplicates,
QHat3GH1QR4-00334-00104667-00104906 some people are nominated multiple times.
QHat3GH1QR4-00335-00105101-00105601 Our evaluators, we do kind of a combination of,
QHat3GH1QR4-00336-00105657-00106121 first of all, looking at people who we know might be
QHat3GH1QR4-00337-00106121-00106286 in the immediate orbit,
QHat3GH1QR4-00338-00106286-00106650 in a very close to the field of the nominee.
QHat3GH1QR4-00339-00106650-00107057 We also look at people who are in adjacent fields
QHat3GH1QR4-00340-00107057-00107336 to the nominee, we look at people who are sort of
QHat3GH1QR4-00341-00107336-00107641 thought-leaders in the general discipline
QHat3GH1QR4-00342-00107641-00108110 and so we kind of start out and work our way closer in
QHat3GH1QR4-00343-00108110-00108491 as we start to develop the file overall.
QHat3GH1QR4-00344-00108491-00108781 Some people will, if they've gotten any requests
QHat3GH1QR4-00345-00108781-00108997 for an evaluation, will write back and say,
QHat3GH1QR4-00346-00108997-00109333 well I can't write an evaluation for this person
QHat3GH1QR4-00347-00109333-00109588 because and they'll name some relationship
QHat3GH1QR4-00348-00109588-00109856 which might disqualify you for writing a letter
QHat3GH1QR4-00349-00109856-00110038 for a 10-year review process
QHat3GH1QR4-00350-00110038-00110261 or even perhaps doing a proposal review
QHat3GH1QR4-00351-00110261-00110436 for one of the federal agencies.
QHat3GH1QR4-00352-00110436-00110875 But for our program, because we're collecting
QHat3GH1QR4-00353-00110875-00111094 such a wide spectrum of reviews,
QHat3GH1QR4-00354-00111094-00111308 people can be fairly close
QHat3GH1QR4-00355-00111308-00111552 and still participate in the process.
QHat3GH1QR4-00356-00111552-00111854 We just use that information about proximity
QHat3GH1QR4-00357-00111854-00112124 as we look at with a content of the letter is
QHat3GH1QR4-00358-00112242-00112559 and the Secret Selection Committee
QHat3GH1QR4-00359-00112559-00112783 is an interdisciplinary committee
QHat3GH1QR4-00360-00112783-00112998 drawn from multiple sectors.
QHat3GH1QR4-00361-00112998-00113219 I've given you just a sense of the distribution
QHat3GH1QR4-00362-00113219-00113492 as it is graphic but we have people who are academics,
QHat3GH1QR4-00363-00113492-00113688 we have people who are not academics,
QHat3GH1QR4-00364-00113688-00113881 people involved in the nonprofit sector,
QHat3GH1QR4-00365-00113881-00114121 people involved in the for-profit sector,
QHat3GH1QR4-00366-00114121-00114427 we try to get a mix of people on the committee,
QHat3GH1QR4-00367-00114427-00114871 they have staggered terms and they have staggered terms
QHat3GH1QR4-00368-00114871-00115083 because what we have found is that
QHat3GH1QR4-00369-00115083-00115423 if the committee stays together too long,
QHat3GH1QR4-00370-00115423-00115730 they start to see the world the same way
QHat3GH1QR4-00371-00115730-00116027 and you start to have, and this is particularly true
QHat3GH1QR4-00372-00116027-00116192 when looking in the Arts fields,
QHat3GH1QR4-00373-00116192-00116436 you start to get a group aesthetic
QHat3GH1QR4-00374-00116436-00116694 that is reflected in every class.
QHat3GH1QR4-00375-00116694-00117118 So, we have found that by shifting the Selection Committee,
QHat3GH1QR4-00376-00117118-00117404 by shaking it up periodically,
QHat3GH1QR4-00377-00117404-00117701 the average term is somewhere between three and five years.
QHat3GH1QR4-00378-00117701-00118020 We can bring fresh ideas, fresh perspectives,
QHat3GH1QR4-00379-00118020-00118278 and different ways of looking at the world.
QHat3GH1QR4-00380-00118481-00118821 So, I wanted to talk about four things about the program
QHat3GH1QR4-00381-00118821-00119060 and then I'm going to give you some numbers
QHat3GH1QR4-00382-00119060-00119413 and then open this up for anything you've wanted to know
QHat3GH1QR4-00383-00119413-00119693 about the program overall.
QHat3GH1QR4-00384-00119693-00120005 The first is no strings attached.
QHat3GH1QR4-00385-00120096-00120232 I mention that at the outset,
QHat3GH1QR4-00386-00120232-00120473 there's no reporting required.
QHat3GH1QR4-00387-00120473-00120651 The history of this is kind of interesting.
QHat3GH1QR4-00388-00120651-00120963 The Fellows Program is actually one of the oldest programs
QHat3GH1QR4-00389-00120963-00121118 at the MacArthur Foundation.
QHat3GH1QR4-00390-00121118-00121360 MacArthur Foundation just celebrated,
QHat3GH1QR4-00391-00121360-00121685 it's celebrating its 40th anniversary this year,
QHat3GH1QR4-00392-00121685-00122000 the Fellows Program is 36 years old
QHat3GH1QR4-00393-00122000-00122449 and there's a lot of lore behind the history of the program
QHat3GH1QR4-00394-00122449-00122644 but what I've been able to piece together
QHat3GH1QR4-00395-00122644-00122798 are the following two things:
QHat3GH1QR4-00396-00122798-00123080 a convergence of ideas between two sides
QHat3GH1QR4-00397-00123080-00123323 of the original board of the foundation
QHat3GH1QR4-00398-00123323-00123545 that rarely found convergence.
QHat3GH1QR4-00399-00123545-00124045 On the one hand, there was a physician in Houston, Texas,
QHat3GH1QR4-00400-00124167-00124617 his name was Birch, and he had written the paper called
QHat3GH1QR4-00401-00124617-00124900 In Defense of Venture Research, and the paper argued
QHat3GH1QR4-00402-00124900-00125400 that there should be some space for research funding
QHat3GH1QR4-00403-00125446-00125746 to support mainly people in the sciences
QHat3GH1QR4-00404-00125746-00125871 who were doing research
QHat3GH1QR4-00405-00125871-00126225 that didn't immediately have an application
QHat3GH1QR4-00406-00126225-00126631 either in medicine or engineering or energy
QHat3GH1QR4-00407-00126631-00126889 or some industrial application
QHat3GH1QR4-00408-00126889-00127188 and he had given this paper to one of the board members
QHat3GH1QR4-00409-00127188-00127595 to read who thought this was an inspiring idea.
QHat3GH1QR4-00410-00127595-00127707 On the other side,
QHat3GH1QR4-00411-00127707-00127970 we had the son of the MacArthur's,
QHat3GH1QR4-00412-00127970-00128295 so, MacArthur's, when they set up the MacArthur Foundation,
QHat3GH1QR4-00413-00128295-00128605 gave no instructions about how the money should be spent.
QHat3GH1QR4-00414-00128699-00129014 So, the foundation has actually been able to define
QHat3GH1QR4-00415-00129014-00129282 what its priorities going to be on its own
QHat3GH1QR4-00416-00129282-00129693 but their son had wanted to be a writer
QHat3GH1QR4-00417-00129693-00130039 and had been frustrated by the fact that, as a writer,
QHat3GH1QR4-00418-00130039-00130393 he didn't necessarily have a means to support himself
QHat3GH1QR4-00419-00130393-00130581 'cause his parents apparently weren't that interested
QHat3GH1QR4-00420-00130581-00130896 in him being a writer and that there should be some space
QHat3GH1QR4-00421-00130896-00131247 for artist to be able to have a source of support
QHat3GH1QR4-00422-00131247-00131412 to pursue their creativity.
QHat3GH1QR4-00423-00131412-00131887 So, the meeting of those two minds came together
QHat3GH1QR4-00424-00131887-00132238 to create the MacArthur Fellowship
QHat3GH1QR4-00425-00132238-00132586 and the idea being that no-strings-attached,
QHat3GH1QR4-00426-00132586-00132756 you're not beholden to the market,
QHat3GH1QR4-00427-00132756-00133029 you're not beholden to your teaching responsibilities,
QHat3GH1QR4-00428-00133029-00133406 there's an opportunity to do something risky or new
QHat3GH1QR4-00429-00133406-00133737 and we have adhere to that pretty strenuously.
QHat3GH1QR4-00430-00133737-00134067 Early in the program, we used to have that phone call,
QHat3GH1QR4-00431-00134067-00134297 Dan would call you up and he'd say,
QHat3GH1QR4-00432-00134297-00134557 and this is the only phone call you'll ever get from us
QHat3GH1QR4-00433-00134557-00134809 and then we would send a package in the mail
QHat3GH1QR4-00434-00134809-00134986 for them to fill out their forms
QHat3GH1QR4-00435-00134986-00135141 in order to have their checks mailed
QHat3GH1QR4-00436-00135141-00135420 and we may never have to talk to them again.
QHat3GH1QR4-00437-00135420-00135573 That was the way the program,
QHat3GH1QR4-00438-00135573-00135872 we took that no string as no strings.
QHat3GH1QR4-00439-00135872-00136118 We are a little more engaging now,
QHat3GH1QR4-00440-00136118-00136421 partly because in this 2012 review,
QHat3GH1QR4-00441-00136421-00136655 we found that the Fellows were interested
QHat3GH1QR4-00442-00136655-00136848 in having more engagement with the foundation
QHat3GH1QR4-00443-00136848-00137022 and more engagement with each other
QHat3GH1QR4-00444-00137022-00137228 and they, oh, we also found that
QHat3GH1QR4-00445-00137228-00137460 calling someone up and telling them
QHat3GH1QR4-00446-00137460-00137749 you're a MacArthur Fellow and we're going to start sending
QHat3GH1QR4-00447-00137749-00138075 you checks and then not giving them any forewarning
QHat3GH1QR4-00448-00138075-00138334 about what was about to happen to their lives
QHat3GH1QR4-00449-00138334-00138445 was a little cruel.
QHat3GH1QR4-00450-00138445-00138685 So, now we call up and we say,
QHat3GH1QR4-00451-00138685-00138968 you may wanna talk to us again in a day or so,
QHat3GH1QR4-00452-00138968-00139227 here's the number you can call back.
QHat3GH1QR4-00453-00139227-00139344 It's always entertaining, though,
QHat3GH1QR4-00454-00139344-00139523 because sometimes, first of all,
QHat3GH1QR4-00455-00139523-00139898 in modern day situations, people don't answer the phone.
QHat3GH1QR4-00456-00139983-00140066 Right?
QHat3GH1QR4-00457-00140066-00140447 So, we have to engage in all kinds of trickery,
QHat3GH1QR4-00458-00140447-00140727 sometimes it's just harassment, I just keep dialing
QHat3GH1QR4-00459-00140727-00141061 the number over and over again and if you have your,
QHat3GH1QR4-00460-00141061-00141254 you know, where you sometimes can get your cellphone number,
QHat3GH1QR4-00461-00141254-00141460 if you start seeing a number over and over again
QHat3GH1QR4-00462-00141460-00141750 on your cellphone, eventually you pick up
QHat3GH1QR4-00463-00141750-00141957 'cause you're just curious and then when you pick up,
QHat3GH1QR4-00464-00141957-00142310 you're really annoyed and I just love that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00465-00142310-00142486 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-00466-00142486-00142848 All right, we also follow people on Twitter.
QHat3GH1QR4-00467-00143006-00143423 One of our Fellows who tweets everything about his life
QHat3GH1QR4-00468-00143423-00143673 shared that he had just landed in LA
QHat3GH1QR4-00469-00143673-00143931 and he was on his way to Umami Burger.
QHat3GH1QR4-00470-00143931-00144431 So, we called him and asked how the burger was
QHat3GH1QR4-00471-00144448-00144690 and without, before I even said who I was,
QHat3GH1QR4-00472-00144690-00144930 and he proceeded to tell me about the burger,
QHat3GH1QR4-00473-00144930-00145149 I'm like you don't know who I am, wait a second.
QHat3GH1QR4-00474-00145149-00145315 So, range of things here.
QHat3GH1QR4-00475-00145315-00145532 All right, secrecy.
QHat3GH1QR4-00476-00145532-00145731 As I said, we're pretty transparent about
QHat3GH1QR4-00477-00145731-00145838 what the process is,
QHat3GH1QR4-00478-00145838-00146123 I've pretty much just laid it out here for you
QHat3GH1QR4-00479-00146123-00146469 but we're secret about the participants in the process.
QHat3GH1QR4-00480-00146469-00146727 Nominators are asked never to reveal
QHat3GH1QR4-00481-00146727-00146863 that they were nominators.
QHat3GH1QR4-00482-00146863-00147111 Evaluators are asked never to reveal
QHat3GH1QR4-00483-00147111-00147307 that they wrote an evaluation.
QHat3GH1QR4-00484-00147307-00147651 The Selection Committees identity, besides me,
QHat3GH1QR4-00485-00147651-00147928 and one early selector who likes to tell people
QHat3GH1QR4-00486-00147928-00148186 at cocktail parties, I can't stop him,
QHat3GH1QR4-00487-00148186-00148405 is a secret and why do we do that?
QHat3GH1QR4-00488-00148405-00148521 Well, first of all,
QHat3GH1QR4-00489-00148521-00148627 we think it encourages frank evaluations
QHat3GH1QR4-00490-00148627-00149127 from our evaluators, it protects our Selection Committee
QHat3GH1QR4-00491-00149141-00149388 and our Nominators from being lobbied,
QHat3GH1QR4-00492-00149481-00149817 and then it also gives our Selection Committee
QHat3GH1QR4-00493-00149817-00150134 some freedom to take some risk.
QHat3GH1QR4-00494-00150134-00150408 I tell the Selection Committee, you know,
QHat3GH1QR4-00495-00150567-00151041 if you pick someone and it seems crazy,
QHat3GH1QR4-00496-00151041-00151368 the only one who's gonna get the blow back is me.
QHat3GH1QR4-00497-00151368-00151657 So, go ahead, occasionally pick someone
QHat3GH1QR4-00498-00151657-00151889 that people might say that's a crazy idea
QHat3GH1QR4-00499-00151889-00152054 and see what happens.
QHat3GH1QR4-00500-00152293-00152648 The Fellowship Program is sometimes known as
QHat3GH1QR4-00501-00152648-00152845 the Genius Grant.
QHat3GH1QR4-00502-00152845-00153009 How many of you have heard that phrase
QHat3GH1QR4-00503-00153009-00153167 to describe the program?
QHat3GH1QR4-00504-00153167-00153667 Now, we have never used that to call it,
QHat3GH1QR4-00505-00153674-00153825 to describe the program.
QHat3GH1QR4-00506-00153825-00154136 Early in the days of the program when it was first started,
QHat3GH1QR4-00507-00154136-00154509 a New York Times article labeled it the Genius Grant.
QHat3GH1QR4-00508-00154509-00154790 Now, I will admit it's kind of a love/hate relationship,
QHat3GH1QR4-00509-00154790-00155046 people know Genius Grant so I will use it
QHat3GH1QR4-00510-00155046-00155245 when I'm out talking and people don't know
QHat3GH1QR4-00511-00155245-00155499 what the project is but there are many reasons
QHat3GH1QR4-00512-00155499-00155793 why we've avoided that label genius.
QHat3GH1QR4-00513-00155793-00156029 First of all, people tend to associate genius
QHat3GH1QR4-00514-00156029-00156217 with a really narrow definition
QHat3GH1QR4-00515-00156217-00156499 of kind of academic powers or even the ability
QHat3GH1QR4-00516-00156597-00156763 to test well on a particular test
QHat3GH1QR4-00517-00156763-00157166 and we think creativity means so much more than that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00518-00157166-00157479 Among our MacArthur Fellows, is a nurse practitioner
QHat3GH1QR4-00519-00157479-00157744 who is has developed a midwifery program
QHat3GH1QR4-00520-00157744-00157958 that's done a lot to increase the,
QHat3GH1QR4-00521-00157958-00158320 reduce the infant mortality rate in Washington DC.
QHat3GH1QR4-00522-00158320-00158698 Among our Fellows is someone who makes paper using,
QHat3GH1QR4-00523-00158698-00159080 restoring kind of historical techniques of paper making.
QHat3GH1QR4-00524-00159080-00159420 It's a range of kinds of things that don't neatly fit
QHat3GH1QR4-00525-00159420-00159629 under this notion of geniuses doing well
QHat3GH1QR4-00526-00159629-00159836 on a particular test.
QHat3GH1QR4-00527-00159836-00160141 Geniuses also, in some ways, as I said too narrow,
QHat3GH1QR4-00528-00160141-00160462 sometimes it's too broad a kind of concept.
QHat3GH1QR4-00529-00160462-00160805 Sometimes I just jokingly note genius can be evil.
QHat3GH1QR4-00530-00160805-00161268 Creativity is all about producing something of value
QHat3GH1QR4-00531-00161268-00161515 and worth that advances human society.
QHat3GH1QR4-00532-00161515-00161836 One of our Fellows, Yuval Sharon,
QHat3GH1QR4-00533-00161836-00162235 I think he's class of 2017, yes,
QHat3GH1QR4-00534-00162235-00162735 Yuval Sharon is an opera producer who might be best known
QHat3GH1QR4-00535-00162863-00163103 for having produced an opera in LA
QHat3GH1QR4-00536-00163103-00163306 that took place in limousines.
QHat3GH1QR4-00537-00163758-00163841 Limousines?
QHat3GH1QR4-00538-00163841-00163945 Come on.
QHat3GH1QR4-00539-00163945-00164109 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-00540-00164109-00164265 But he just wrote a piece
QHat3GH1QR4-00541-00164265-00164469 that's in the Los Angeles Review of Books
QHat3GH1QR4-00542-00164469-00164737 and I recommend it for those who are interested,
QHat3GH1QR4-00543-00164737-00164982 who talks about how genius
QHat3GH1QR4-00544-00164982-00165254 can also kind of be a paralyzing label.
QHat3GH1QR4-00545-00165254-00165526 We have found that when we talk to nominators,
QHat3GH1QR4-00546-00165526-00165792 if they think that we're looking for genius,
QHat3GH1QR4-00547-00165792-00165982 they can't come up with names.
QHat3GH1QR4-00548-00165982-00166315 If we think that they're looking for creativity,
QHat3GH1QR4-00549-00166315-00166667 they start to have ideas about who might fit that
QHat3GH1QR4-00550-00166667-00166942 and that connects to the last point here
QHat3GH1QR4-00551-00166942-00167207 and that is that one of our criteria
QHat3GH1QR4-00552-00167207-00167604 is that we're looking for exceptionally creative individuals
QHat3GH1QR4-00553-00167604-00167988 where the Fellowship might enable them to do more.
QHat3GH1QR4-00554-00167988-00168488 I sometimes think of this as we're looking at people,
QHat3GH1QR4-00555-00168542-00168947 if you think about their kind of creativity as a parabola,
QHat3GH1QR4-00556-00168947-00169213 we want them right before they get to the top
QHat3GH1QR4-00557-00169213-00169513 of that parabola, on the precipice.
QHat3GH1QR4-00558-00169513-00169817 So, it may be that we haven't universally acclaimed them
QHat3GH1QR4-00559-00169817-00170146 as genius because what the work that may get them labeled
QHat3GH1QR4-00560-00170146-00170554 as genius is yet to come and the Fellowship gives them
QHat3GH1QR4-00561-00170554-00170740 space to do that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00562-00170740-00170853 That's what we're looking for.
QHat3GH1QR4-00563-00170853-00171199 It's not a Nobel, it's not a Lifetime Achievement Award,
QHat3GH1QR4-00564-00171199-00171509 we're looking for people on their way up.
QHat3GH1QR4-00565-00171509-00171931 Now that said, I will admit that sometimes the speed
QHat3GH1QR4-00566-00171931-00172194 at which they move outpaces us.
QHat3GH1QR4-00567-00172194-00172544 I mentioned Hamilton earlier.
QHat3GH1QR4-00568-00172544-00172842 When we started looking at Lin-Manuel Miranda,
QHat3GH1QR4-00569-00172842-00173243 Hamilton was not the event it's become,
QHat3GH1QR4-00570-00173243-00173411 the phenomenon it's become.
QHat3GH1QR4-00571-00173411-00173765 When we started looking at Ta-Nehisi Coates,
QHat3GH1QR4-00572-00173765-00173954 his book that made him the big name
QHat3GH1QR4-00573-00173954-00174238 wasn't supposed to be published until October,
QHat3GH1QR4-00574-00174238-00174528 we announced in September, we were ready to look
QHat3GH1QR4-00575-00174528-00174874 really smart, then the publisher moved the publication date
QHat3GH1QR4-00576-00174874-00175153 up 'til July and there we were.
QHat3GH1QR4-00577-00175153-00175420 So, sometimes one can argue we've reached people,
QHat3GH1QR4-00578-00175420-00175721 maybe past, well, hopefully they still have peaks to come
QHat3GH1QR4-00579-00175721-00176008 off into the future but that's what we're looking for.
QHat3GH1QR4-00580-00176008-00176328 So, before I turn to open to questions,
QHat3GH1QR4-00581-00176328-00176629 I just wanted to give you some numbers about the program
QHat3GH1QR4-00582-00176629-00176801 to give you a sense of it.
QHat3GH1QR4-00583-00176801-00177301 The first is when the Fellows Program,
QHat3GH1QR4-00584-00177452-00177904 probably the first 10, 15 years of the Fellows Program,
QHat3GH1QR4-00585-00177904-00178213 the Fellows were clearly Fellows.
QHat3GH1QR4-00586-00178328-00178672 If you look on this left hand, I've done the ratio,
QHat3GH1QR4-00587-00178672-00179004 the solid line is one to one, men to women,
QHat3GH1QR4-00588-00179004-00179262 and you'll see for the first years of the program,
QHat3GH1QR4-00589-00179262-00179618 it was an overwhelmingly male set of selectors,
QHat3GH1QR4-00590-00179618-00179761 I mean, of Fellows.
QHat3GH1QR4-00591-00179903-00180140 This, an article came out in the newspaper
QHat3GH1QR4-00592-00180140-00180346 that kind of reported on this data
QHat3GH1QR4-00593-00180346-00180610 and it's, you know, I'm an economist by training,
QHat3GH1QR4-00594-00180610-00180841 so I know that data gets attention
QHat3GH1QR4-00595-00180841-00181009 and that got the program's attention
QHat3GH1QR4-00596-00181009-00181378 and what we found is that by being much more conscientious
QHat3GH1QR4-00597-00181378-00181696 about opening up the nominator process,
QHat3GH1QR4-00598-00181696-00181985 that you naturally end up with a more diverse group
QHat3GH1QR4-00599-00181985-00182261 of Fellows and so now the Fellows classes have been
QHat3GH1QR4-00600-00182261-00182538 roughly half and half as you can see
QHat3GH1QR4-00601-00182538-00182688 when we move towards the future
QHat3GH1QR4-00602-00182688-00182843 if you average it out over time
QHat3GH1QR4-00603-00182948-00183214 On the right hand side is the age distribution.
QHat3GH1QR4-00604-00183214-00183433 When we invite nominators to nominate,
QHat3GH1QR4-00605-00183433-00183695 and we've tried wording this lots of different ways,
QHat3GH1QR4-00606-00183695-00184065 first we said please consider people under 40.
QHat3GH1QR4-00607-00184065-00184365 Nominators would write back and say,
QHat3GH1QR4-00608-00184365-00184490 well, you're being agist.
QHat3GH1QR4-00609-00184575-00184761 So, we stopped saying under 40.
QHat3GH1QR4-00610-00184761-00185165 We said please consider people early in their careers.
QHat3GH1QR4-00611-00185165-00185390 What I really wanna do is to draw the parabola
QHat3GH1QR4-00612-00185390-00185757 and show that like I want people here in their process.
QHat3GH1QR4-00613-00185757-00186044 You'll see that, in general, the Fellows have been
QHat3GH1QR4-00614-00186044-00186286 in their 40s as the model group
QHat3GH1QR4-00615-00186286-00186761 followed by the 30 to 39, which is somewhat encouraging.
QHat3GH1QR4-00616-00186761-00187261 The oldest Fellow was 86 at the time of the Fellowship
QHat3GH1QR4-00617-00187435-00187629 and the youngest was 19.
QHat3GH1QR4-00618-00187739-00188054 So, everyone here can take heart.
QHat3GH1QR4-00619-00188194-00188557 And then the other aspect of the Fellows Program,
QHat3GH1QR4-00620-00188557-00188824 we spent some time really trying to look at
QHat3GH1QR4-00621-00188824-00189212 the geography of Fellows and what I have mapped here
QHat3GH1QR4-00622-00189212-00189589 is the geography at the time of the award
QHat3GH1QR4-00623-00189716-00190074 and it's probably not a surprising picture
QHat3GH1QR4-00624-00190074-00190349 but it's one we're always trying to push against
QHat3GH1QR4-00625-00190349-00190716 and that is that there is a concentration of Fellows
QHat3GH1QR4-00626-00190716-00191180 on the east coast, New York and Massachusets in particular,
QHat3GH1QR4-00627-00191180-00191537 and on the west coast in California
QHat3GH1QR4-00628-00191537-00191782 and that they're, particularly once you get to some
QHat3GH1QR4-00629-00191782-00192233 of the Midwest, there are states with zero Fellows ever
QHat3GH1QR4-00630-00192233-00192440 having been located there.
QHat3GH1QR4-00631-00192440-00192683 We've been making an effort to get out
QHat3GH1QR4-00632-00192683-00192958 and talk about the Fellows Program in geographies
QHat3GH1QR4-00633-00192958-00193119 that are underrepresented.
QHat3GH1QR4-00634-00193119-00193291 I went out and spent some time
QHat3GH1QR4-00635-00193291-00193558 at the University of Nebraska, gave a talk,
QHat3GH1QR4-00636-00193558-00193871 met lots of people, invited people to nominate,
QHat3GH1QR4-00637-00193871-00194243 and came back and then we announced the class of Fellows
QHat3GH1QR4-00638-00194243-00194543 and the headline in the Lincoln newspaper was
QHat3GH1QR4-00639-00194543-00195009 Director Visits, Still No Fellows in Nebraska.
QHat3GH1QR4-00640-00195009-00195166 So, you know, every year I keep, fine,
QHat3GH1QR4-00641-00195166-00195528 I'm gonna get that Nebraska Fellow overall.
QHat3GH1QR4-00642-00195528-00195868 We also looked at where people were born
QHat3GH1QR4-00643-00195868-00196057 and what we found is that that is
QHat3GH1QR4-00644-00196057-00196340 much more geographically dispersed
QHat3GH1QR4-00645-00196340-00196681 and that Fellows tend to be highly mobile
QHat3GH1QR4-00646-00196681-00196937 and this corresponds to what we've seen
QHat3GH1QR4-00647-00196937-00197072 about other aspects of the population,
QHat3GH1QR4-00648-00197072-00197213 that they're born one place
QHat3GH1QR4-00649-00197213-00197462 and then they tend to move to the coast.
QHat3GH1QR4-00650-00197462-00197842 We've even seen that with the program where Fellows,
QHat3GH1QR4-00651-00197842-00197997 for awhile there, there was a real streak.
QHat3GH1QR4-00652-00197997-00198176 If there was a Fellow
QHat3GH1QR4-00653-00198176-00198400 who was based at North Western University when we announced,
QHat3GH1QR4-00654-00198400-00198644 within a year he was at Stanford.
QHat3GH1QR4-00655-00198644-00199082 So, with that, I wanna open it up to answer any questions
QHat3GH1QR4-00656-00199082-00199391 about things you wanna know about the Fellows Program.
QHat3GH1QR4-00657-00199623-00199730 Cecilia.
QHat3GH1QR4-00658-00199730-00199972 (applauding)
QHat3GH1QR4-00659-00200228-00200613 Okay, I'm gonna start with my own
QHat3GH1QR4-00660-00200613-00201009 and then we'll start integrating other people's questions
QHat3GH1QR4-00661-00201009-00201403 and actually, you said that I would know if I was asking
QHat3GH1QR4-00662-00201403-00201545 a question that I wasn't supposed,
QHat3GH1QR4-00663-00201545-00201738 that we weren't supposed to answer,
QHat3GH1QR4-00664-00201738-00201863 but I realized some of the questions
QHat3GH1QR4-00665-00201863-00202206 have information in them that might not be allowed.
QHat3GH1QR4-00666-00202206-00202306 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-00667-00202306-00202407 Oh, the question itself is the problem?
QHat3GH1QR4-00668-00202407-00202769 But like, well, this one I'll ask it in a way
QHat3GH1QR4-00669-00202769-00203142 that doesn't reveal the content but
QHat3GH1QR4-00670-00203142-00203463 how do, I know, but can we talk about
QHat3GH1QR4-00671-00203463-00203813 how we decide on how much money we give?
QHat3GH1QR4-00672-00203813-00204103 So, this is something that has changed
QHat3GH1QR4-00673-00204103-00204202 over the history of the program.
QHat3GH1QR4-00674-00204202-00204508 In the early days, there were different amounts
QHat3GH1QR4-00675-00204508-00204708 depending on how old you were,
QHat3GH1QR4-00676-00204708-00205066 the amount of the Fellowship got bigger the older you were.
QHat3GH1QR4-00677-00205186-00205515 And my predecessor, I think, was the one who argued
QHat3GH1QR4-00678-00205515-00205741 for let's give a uniform payment
QHat3GH1QR4-00679-00205741-00206241 and it was set at 100,000 over the five year period.
QHat3GH1QR4-00680-00206285-00206482 I'm sorry, 100,000 a year,
QHat3GH1QR4-00681-00206482-00206794 so 500,000 over the five year period.
QHat3GH1QR4-00682-00206794-00207130 When I arrived, I had seen from the review
QHat3GH1QR4-00683-00207130-00207337 that there was some notion it was time to review
QHat3GH1QR4-00684-00207337-00207681 the Fellowship and since part of the motivation
QHat3GH1QR4-00685-00207681-00207914 was to provide an opportunity for people
QHat3GH1QR4-00686-00207914-00208136 to escape responsibilities for teaching,
QHat3GH1QR4-00687-00208136-00208312 particularly those in the Arts,
QHat3GH1QR4-00688-00208312-00208611 I spent a lot of time looking at average salaries
QHat3GH1QR4-00689-00208611-00209048 at selective institutions at the associate professor level
QHat3GH1QR4-00690-00209048-00209294 and that's a kind of metric I'm kind of watching
QHat3GH1QR4-00691-00209294-00209621 a benchmark and so we will be reviewing that amount
QHat3GH1QR4-00692-00209621-00209850 once every five years or so.
QHat3GH1QR4-00693-00209850-00210115 It's not as much money if you're in the sciences
QHat3GH1QR4-00694-00210115-00210419 except what's attractive in the sciences are two things:
QHat3GH1QR4-00695-00210419-00210629 one is that there are no strings attached
QHat3GH1QR4-00696-00210629-00210882 and the other, and scientists have said this to us,
QHat3GH1QR4-00697-00210882-00211205 it's really special to get a Fellowship that you share
QHat3GH1QR4-00698-00211205-00211288 with people in the Arts and so there's
QHat3GH1QR4-00699-00211288-00211637 a kind of special credibility and mystique
QHat3GH1QR4-00700-00211637-00212021 that's associated with it they enjoy.
QHat3GH1QR4-00701-00212021-00212387 One Fellow has said that, he's a Fellow who's a musician,
QHat3GH1QR4-00702-00212387-00212562 said that the Fellowship gives you a chance
QHat3GH1QR4-00703-00212562-00212805 to have a middle class existence.
QHat3GH1QR4-00704-00212805-00213112 But it's kind of been, baseline against
QHat3GH1QR4-00705-00213112-00213421 bleep you money for associate professors, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-00706-00213421-00213604 Yes. Like, we'd be able to say,
QHat3GH1QR4-00707-00213604-00213789 I'm gonna go do my own thing for five years,
QHat3GH1QR4-00708-00213789-00213905 I don't need your stinking money.
QHat3GH1QR4-00709-00213905-00214103 That's right, that's what it's based,
QHat3GH1QR4-00710-00214103-00214345 very few people actually do that but they could.
QHat3GH1QR4-00711-00214345-00214428 Yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-00712-00214428-00214742 Actually, some of the questions on here,
QHat3GH1QR4-00713-00214742-00214826 maybe better than some,
QHat3GH1QR4-00714-00214826-00215051 I have one last one and then we'll go to the board
QHat3GH1QR4-00715-00215051-00215375 but you mentioned that a lot of people are online
QHat3GH1QR4-00716-00215375-00215582 but a lot of people aren't and some of the Fellows
QHat3GH1QR4-00717-00215582-00215857 that I know we've given awards to
QHat3GH1QR4-00718-00215857-00216170 are almost intentionally not very online types.
QHat3GH1QR4-00719-00216170-00216504 I mean, you still, but how do you make sure
QHat3GH1QR4-00720-00216504-00216736 that we don't get bias towards people who are
QHat3GH1QR4-00721-00216736-00216882 good at social media?
QHat3GH1QR4-00722-00216882-00217052 Oh, okay.
QHat3GH1QR4-00723-00217052-00217407 Well, I mean, we don't just look up the articles
QHat3GH1QR4-00724-00217407-00217657 that you've written in Scholar Google and so on.
QHat3GH1QR4-00725-00217657-00218053 We also try to really, we try to work our networks.
QHat3GH1QR4-00726-00218053-00218267 There's a lot of this that's networking
QHat3GH1QR4-00727-00218267-00218542 and snowballing, kind of snowball interviewing.
QHat3GH1QR4-00728-00218542-00218681 So, I'll give an example,
QHat3GH1QR4-00729-00218681-00218887 we had a Fellow a couple of years ago
QHat3GH1QR4-00730-00218887-00219192 who has a nonprofit in New York
QHat3GH1QR4-00731-00219192-00219569 that makes adaptable equipment for children
QHat3GH1QR4-00732-00219569-00219761 with disabilities out of cardboard
QHat3GH1QR4-00733-00219761-00220014 which has the advantage of being something
QHat3GH1QR4-00734-00220014-00220214 that is cheap to redo as the child gets bigger
QHat3GH1QR4-00735-00220214-00220458 and it's very customized kind of product.
QHat3GH1QR4-00736-00220544-00220938 So, for that case, it was really hard to create the case
QHat3GH1QR4-00737-00220938-00221223 without seeing the cardboard
QHat3GH1QR4-00738-00221223-00221419 and seeing all these things happen
QHat3GH1QR4-00739-00221419-00221919 and I'm gonna kinda maybe judge, dance along the line
QHat3GH1QR4-00740-00221936-00222159 of propriety here by telling the story
QHat3GH1QR4-00741-00222159-00222482 but I just kept connecting with people
QHat3GH1QR4-00742-00222482-00222848 until I found someone who worked in one of the schools
QHat3GH1QR4-00743-00222848-00223341 and actually did a video and that is what helped us
QHat3GH1QR4-00744-00223341-00223621 to be able to understand exactly the nature of this
QHat3GH1QR4-00745-00223621-00223917 creative activity and so sometimes it's getting
QHat3GH1QR4-00746-00223917-00224222 on the ground in areas and just listening and being--
QHat3GH1QR4-00747-00224222-00224507 And spying. Spying, yes, and spying.
QHat3GH1QR4-00748-00224507-00224806 But either way, they probably would be happy that you did.
QHat3GH1QR4-00749-00224806-00224942 Yes, yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-00750-00224942-00225225 So, I don't know exactly what this first question is
QHat3GH1QR4-00751-00225225-00225356 but I have a--
QHat3GH1QR4-00752-00225356-00225462 Have you ever regretted a Fellow?
QHat3GH1QR4-00753-00225462-00225669 Yeah, I guess it's regretted that you appointed a Fellow.
QHat3GH1QR4-00754-00225669-00225752 Yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-00755-00225900-00226017 I haven't.
QHat3GH1QR4-00756-00226017-00226138 It's kind of an interesting thing
QHat3GH1QR4-00757-00226138-00226408 because sometimes we're asked to talk about
QHat3GH1QR4-00758-00226408-00226665 what is the impact of the Fellowship?
QHat3GH1QR4-00759-00226665-00227065 And I guess there's several pieces that make this difficult.
QHat3GH1QR4-00760-00227065-00227456 One is that I talked earlier about wanting to take some risk
QHat3GH1QR4-00761-00227456-00227736 and I sometimes worry when I look at Fellows
QHat3GH1QR4-00762-00227736-00227950 that maybe we haven't taken enough risk
QHat3GH1QR4-00763-00227950-00228225 because if you're really pushing yourself to take some risk,
QHat3GH1QR4-00764-00228225-00228496 there should be some that don't really pan out.
QHat3GH1QR4-00765-00228496-00228762 What we found is that they're Fellows who take Fellowship
QHat3GH1QR4-00766-00228762-00228907 in lots of different ways.
QHat3GH1QR4-00767-00228907-00229214 Some go on and continue to do what they've been doing.
QHat3GH1QR4-00768-00229214-00229408 You know, they continue to work in the space
QHat3GH1QR4-00769-00229408-00229550 that they've been working in,
QHat3GH1QR4-00770-00229550-00229877 they continue to produce their academic papers and so on.
QHat3GH1QR4-00771-00229877-00230161 Some take the Fellowship as a mandate
QHat3GH1QR4-00772-00230161-00230441 to become much more of a public intellectual,
QHat3GH1QR4-00773-00230441-00230615 that engaged in policy debates
QHat3GH1QR4-00774-00230615-00230894 or to become much more active in education
QHat3GH1QR4-00775-00230894-00231090 and public education and so on.
QHat3GH1QR4-00776-00231090-00231389 So, we have a former Surgeon General of the US
QHat3GH1QR4-00777-00231389-00231557 who is a MacArthur Fellow,
QHat3GH1QR4-00778-00231557-00231841 the head of the World Bank was a MacArthur Fellow,
QHat3GH1QR4-00779-00231841-00232017 so we have that kind of category
QHat3GH1QR4-00780-00232017-00232379 and then some just start completely new directions of work
QHat3GH1QR4-00781-00232379-00232469 as a result of it.
QHat3GH1QR4-00782-00232469-00232756 I'm not sure I could label any one of those
QHat3GH1QR4-00783-00232756-00233021 as a success or a failure per se.
QHat3GH1QR4-00784-00233021-00233105 Right.
QHat3GH1QR4-00785-00233105-00233402 But it is, I guess you wouldn't regret it
QHat3GH1QR4-00786-00233402-00233848 but if you getting them, once they become famous,
QHat3GH1QR4-00787-00233848-00234017 again, I have to be careful about what I say,
QHat3GH1QR4-00788-00234017-00234243 but one of the conversations that we often have
QHat3GH1QR4-00789-00234243-00234588 is about are they already too well known, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-00790-00234588-00234807 I mean, that's 'cause, so that's the thing is,
QHat3GH1QR4-00791-00234807-00235056 I mean, not to give anybody any specific advice
QHat3GH1QR4-00792-00235056-00235362 but you should tap your breaks just before September,
QHat3GH1QR4-00793-00235362-00235445 is that right?
QHat3GH1QR4-00794-00235445-00235584 Because if...
QHat3GH1QR4-00795-00235584-00235688 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-00796-00235688-00235862 It's already too late, just before September.
QHat3GH1QR4-00797-00235862-00236051 But I think that's the interesting thing
QHat3GH1QR4-00798-00236051-00236294 is that I've seen, I think it's okay to say this,
QHat3GH1QR4-00799-00236294-00236696 but I've seen people on your list that become too famous
QHat3GH1QR4-00800-00236696-00236817 before you've made the decision,
QHat3GH1QR4-00801-00236817-00237019 I think that, in an interesting way,
QHat3GH1QR4-00802-00237019-00237298 the quickly ascending stars are the harder ones to catch
QHat3GH1QR4-00803-00237298-00237610 because you've gotta get those 30 or 40 interviews
QHat3GH1QR4-00804-00237610-00237834 before they make it through the window,
QHat3GH1QR4-00805-00237834-00238085 showing up as the nomination and then being too late
QHat3GH1QR4-00806-00238085-00238432 and often I console my colleagues who complained about
QHat3GH1QR4-00807-00238432-00238594 not having gotten the MacArthur, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-00808-00238594-00238826 They were just ascending too fast, you know?
QHat3GH1QR4-00809-00238826-00238923 I've had to do that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00810-00238923-00239184 I mean, the question, I could pose the question
QHat3GH1QR4-00811-00239184-00239363 the other way, are there people I've regretted
QHat3GH1QR4-00812-00239363-00239488 that we didn't Fellow?
QHat3GH1QR4-00813-00239488-00239617 And there are.
QHat3GH1QR4-00814-00239617-00239901 I mean, I've had conversations where
QHat3GH1QR4-00815-00239901-00240216 I know that we missed our opportunity.
QHat3GH1QR4-00816-00240216-00240392 And because they were on your list already?
QHat3GH1QR4-00817-00240392-00240475 Yes.
QHat3GH1QR4-00818-00240475-00240714 Yeah because that's the thing that I try to say
QHat3GH1QR4-00819-00240714-00240836 and it may or may not be true,
QHat3GH1QR4-00820-00240836-00241027 I try, you explained it's not like the Nobel Prize
QHat3GH1QR4-00821-00241027-00241313 but I also, there's a certain amount of completeness
QHat3GH1QR4-00822-00241313-00241410 to the Nobel Prize
QHat3GH1QR4-00823-00241410-00241696 and that they do literally kick themselves
QHat3GH1QR4-00824-00241696-00241959 if they miss an important contribution
QHat3GH1QR4-00825-00241959-00242198 but it's not like for the MacArthur's Fellow,
QHat3GH1QR4-00826-00242198-00242381 you might regret it but it's not like we're trying to get
QHat3GH1QR4-00827-00242381-00242573 every creative person that ever comes out,
QHat3GH1QR4-00828-00242573-00242866 we're just trying to, like you said, like a bouquet,
QHat3GH1QR4-00829-00242866-00243144 pick a nice cross section of creative people
QHat3GH1QR4-00830-00243144-00243531 that should inspire others and we're not trying to oh shoot,
QHat3GH1QR4-00831-00243531-00243732 here are the five creative people
QHat3GH1QR4-00832-00243732-00243923 that we missed in this decade, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-00833-00243923-00244022 Yeah, right.
QHat3GH1QR4-00834-00244022-00244301 I mean, one of the challenges with having that bouquet
QHat3GH1QR4-00835-00244301-00244679 is that different fields have are any one time
QHat3GH1QR4-00836-00244679-00244789 more creative than others.
QHat3GH1QR4-00837-00244789-00244978 I mean, we see that sometimes
QHat3GH1QR4-00838-00244978-00245303 and so, whenever we announce the class,
QHat3GH1QR4-00839-00245303-00245555 so we're not gonna necessarily go deep into every field
QHat3GH1QR4-00840-00245555-00245703 and whenever we announce the class,
QHat3GH1QR4-00841-00245703-00246028 there's inevitably some field that's not in the class
QHat3GH1QR4-00842-00246028-00246248 that year and I know I'm gonna get a letter.
QHat3GH1QR4-00843-00246416-00246738 The jazz people watch us constantly.
QHat3GH1QR4-00844-00246738-00246892 There's no jazz.
QHat3GH1QR4-00845-00246892-00247173 And also, that's because of the number of awards
QHat3GH1QR4-00846-00247173-00247298 in certain categories, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-00847-00247298-00247531 The MacArthur is one of the few that you can win
QHat3GH1QR4-00848-00247531-00247788 for certain categories compared to say the sciences
QHat3GH1QR4-00849-00247788-00248009 where you have the Fields Medal and the Turing prize
QHat3GH1QR4-00850-00248009-00248144 and stuff like that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00851-00248144-00248284 That's right, that's right.
QHat3GH1QR4-00852-00248284-00248502 Certainly I think in the Arts,
QHat3GH1QR4-00853-00248502-00248696 it is probably one of the more,
QHat3GH1QR4-00854-00248696-00248957 considered one of the more prestigious prizes.
QHat3GH1QR4-00855-00248957-00249054 Yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-00856-00249054-00249446 By the way, if anybody, yes, do you wanna, you know, but,
QHat3GH1QR4-00857-00249446-00249757 do we have, are we able to get or should I just repeat that?
QHat3GH1QR4-00858-00249757-00249858 Repeat, I'll be quick.
QHat3GH1QR4-00859-00249858-00250191 International US is only 5%--
QHat3GH1QR4-00860-00250191-00250435 So, the question is, international,
QHat3GH1QR4-00861-00250435-00250518 why are we just American?
QHat3GH1QR4-00862-00250518-00250602 Yeah, that's right.
QHat3GH1QR4-00863-00250602-00250798 This one of the eligibility requirements is that
QHat3GH1QR4-00864-00250798-00251141 you are either a US citizen or US based
QHat3GH1QR4-00865-00251233-00251555 and we actually spent some time reviewing that
QHat3GH1QR4-00866-00251555-00251958 requirement recently and decided to keep it that way
QHat3GH1QR4-00867-00251958-00252232 and we decided to keep it that way for several reasons.
QHat3GH1QR4-00868-00252232-00252732 One is that we're not sure we could do as good a job
QHat3GH1QR4-00869-00252742-00253158 globally with this kind of wide open process that we have
QHat3GH1QR4-00870-00253158-00253489 of making sure that we weren't just tapping
QHat3GH1QR4-00871-00253489-00253713 into the same kind of elite networks
QHat3GH1QR4-00872-00253713-00253965 within certain countries or societies.
QHat3GH1QR4-00873-00253965-00254307 Two is that we actually think
QHat3GH1QR4-00874-00254307-00254509 there's a bit of, there's something,
QHat3GH1QR4-00875-00254509-00254898 there is something peculiarly American about the notion
QHat3GH1QR4-00876-00254898-00255142 of honoring individual creativity
QHat3GH1QR4-00877-00255142-00255487 and so it's a question of how you would think about
QHat3GH1QR4-00878-00255487-00255703 translating that in other context.
QHat3GH1QR4-00879-00255703-00255944 What I found is that it's part of this review,
QHat3GH1QR4-00880-00255944-00256177 I spent some time talking to people in different parts
QHat3GH1QR4-00881-00256177-00256407 of the world and we would, I would describe
QHat3GH1QR4-00882-00256407-00256596 the Fellowship program and they would go yes,
QHat3GH1QR4-00883-00256596-00256788 we should have something like that
QHat3GH1QR4-00884-00256788-00257192 but then they would say but only with the requirement that
QHat3GH1QR4-00885-00257192-00257325 they can't leave the country,
QHat3GH1QR4-00886-00257325-00257536 only with the requirement that they do this,
QHat3GH1QR4-00887-00257536-00257734 only with the requirement that they do that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00888-00257734-00257942 So, it turns out it was a different Fellowship,
QHat3GH1QR4-00889-00257942-00258150 it wasn't the MacArthur Fellowship.
QHat3GH1QR4-00890-00258150-00258311 So, with that in mind,
QHat3GH1QR4-00891-00258311-00258463 we haven't ruled it out forever.
QHat3GH1QR4-00892-00258463-00258730 We will periodically rereview that decision.
QHat3GH1QR4-00893-00258821-00259101 I think there's also a little bit about the bouquet
QHat3GH1QR4-00894-00259101-00259476 and the class and the attention that it generates
QHat3GH1QR4-00895-00259476-00259839 that we thought might be weakened if we try to cover
QHat3GH1QR4-00896-00259839-00260058 too many places at once.
QHat3GH1QR4-00897-00260058-00260141 Yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-00898-00260141-00260387 And I do think it's interesting that we're,
QHat3GH1QR4-00899-00260387-00260669 that you're trying to but we are suffering from
QHat3GH1QR4-00900-00260669-00260856 the lack of people in the middle of America
QHat3GH1QR4-00901-00260856-00261057 and I think, you know, we were, you know,
QHat3GH1QR4-00902-00261057-00261369 this next year's the, is it the 50th anniversary
QHat3GH1QR4-00903-00261369-00261623 of the first Apollo mission and what's interesting
QHat3GH1QR4-00904-00261623-00261842 about the NASA program was I think there was
QHat3GH1QR4-00905-00261842-00262261 a lot of intention to build Centers of Science
QHat3GH1QR4-00906-00262261-00262396 in middle of America, you know?
QHat3GH1QR4-00907-00262396-00262570 And I think that was actually even today
QHat3GH1QR4-00908-00262570-00262736 you think of a lot of NASA people
QHat3GH1QR4-00909-00262736-00262893 with this kind of southern draw
QHat3GH1QR4-00910-00262893-00263185 and I think figuring out, maybe, coordinating around this
QHat3GH1QR4-00911-00263185-00263536 on how to engage and I guess, I guess people end up
QHat3GH1QR4-00912-00263536-00263824 in the coasts but it is kind of a,
QHat3GH1QR4-00913-00263824-00264324 it's, I mean, I know you talked about it a little bit
QHat3GH1QR4-00914-00264339-00264550 but do you have anything else on the,
QHat3GH1QR4-00915-00264550-00264701 because the nominators seem to change a lot,
QHat3GH1QR4-00916-00264701-00264939 the diversity, is that a thing?
QHat3GH1QR4-00917-00264939-00265212 It hasn't worked for geography
QHat3GH1QR4-00918-00265212-00265483 and I think there's several things at play here.
QHat3GH1QR4-00919-00265483-00265840 I think one is that we have to work on getting
QHat3GH1QR4-00920-00265840-00266164 the nominators to understand that we're not necessarily
QHat3GH1QR4-00921-00266164-00266492 looking for the same kind of people that were in the class
QHat3GH1QR4-00922-00266492-00266638 we announced the last time
QHat3GH1QR4-00923-00266638-00266839 and this is one of the patterns that happens.
QHat3GH1QR4-00924-00266839-00266980 People are invited to nominate
QHat3GH1QR4-00925-00266980-00267153 and they go look at last year's class
QHat3GH1QR4-00926-00267153-00267382 and they nominate people just like them
QHat3GH1QR4-00927-00267382-00267569 which then tends to replicate.
QHat3GH1QR4-00928-00267765-00267903 So, that's one of the tests.
QHat3GH1QR4-00929-00267903-00268102 We have been trying to get out more,
QHat3GH1QR4-00930-00268102-00268257 to different parts of the country,
QHat3GH1QR4-00931-00268257-00268605 to encourage people to participate in the nominating process
QHat3GH1QR4-00932-00268605-00268955 and also, we've started to think about spaces
QHat3GH1QR4-00933-00268955-00269317 where we wanna make deep dives to look for nominations
QHat3GH1QR4-00934-00269317-00269592 in fields that may have stronger representation
QHat3GH1QR4-00935-00269592-00269855 like crop science in the middle of the country.
QHat3GH1QR4-00936-00269855-00270103 And so, we're trying different techniques to see,
QHat3GH1QR4-00937-00270103-00270263 this is an ongoing kind of,
QHat3GH1QR4-00938-00270263-00270401 we're still, we don't have this right yet,
QHat3GH1QR4-00939-00270401-00270572 we're still working on that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00940-00270572-00270761 And that connects to this question about
QHat3GH1QR4-00941-00270761-00270917 are there any specific fields or industries
QHat3GH1QR4-00942-00270917-00271132 you'd like to see more Fellows come out of?
QHat3GH1QR4-00943-00271402-00271588 Yes.
QHat3GH1QR4-00944-00271718-00272030 So, I mentioned some of the area in agriculture
QHat3GH1QR4-00945-00272030-00272263 that I'm particularly interested in.
QHat3GH1QR4-00946-00272263-00272646 I think we, in the sciences, we tend to be weaker
QHat3GH1QR4-00947-00272646-00273033 on some of what I think of is more of the applied science
QHat3GH1QR4-00948-00273033-00273488 kinds of areas, there's exciting work happening,
QHat3GH1QR4-00949-00273488-00273824 we had had a long drought without architecture
QHat3GH1QR4-00950-00273824-00274060 but we had a landscape architect last year, so,
QHat3GH1QR4-00951-00274060-00274224 we were excited about that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00952-00274224-00274584 Sometimes when we have spaces that we feel
QHat3GH1QR4-00953-00274584-00274968 that there's a lot going on and we're not kind of tapping
QHat3GH1QR4-00954-00274968-00275228 into it, we will actually convene panels
QHat3GH1QR4-00955-00275228-00275453 to give us advice on who the nominators should be
QHat3GH1QR4-00956-00275453-00275624 and how we reach into that.
QHat3GH1QR4-00957-00275624-00275882 We've done that in the past in children's literature
QHat3GH1QR4-00958-00275882-00276076 which resulted in some nominations.
QHat3GH1QR4-00959-00276076-00276441 I've been a little bit happy recently in terms of our music
QHat3GH1QR4-00960-00276441-00276740 getting more diverse, before it was jazz and classical.
QHat3GH1QR4-00961-00276740-00277015 We had Rhiannon Giddens this year, not quite sure
QHat3GH1QR4-00962-00277015-00277293 how you classify here but she's, you know,
QHat3GH1QR4-00963-00277293-00277513 did fiddle music, she's now working on an opera
QHat3GH1QR4-00964-00277513-00277691 thanks to the Fellowship.
QHat3GH1QR4-00965-00277691-00278165 So, there are spaces, we are interested in the fields of,
QHat3GH1QR4-00966-00278165-00278469 you know, as I said, every time we announce
QHat3GH1QR4-00967-00278469-00278674 and we're missing fields, I usually get a long list
QHat3GH1QR4-00968-00278674-00278861 of things that we've missed recently.
QHat3GH1QR4-00969-00278861-00279068 Haven't had a philosopher in awhile.
QHat3GH1QR4-00970-00279068-00279277 That's interesting.
QHat3GH1QR4-00971-00279277-00279711 And so, this question where it says
QHat3GH1QR4-00972-00279711-00280023 where can somebody look into the previous Fellow projects
QHat3GH1QR4-00973-00280023-00280171 had resulted from the foundation?
QHat3GH1QR4-00974-00280171-00280342 Those are all on the website, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-00975-00280342-00280688 Yeah well, the Fellows don't have projects.
QHat3GH1QR4-00976-00280688-00280950 This is no strings attached
QHat3GH1QR4-00977-00280950-00281277 and Fellows don't have to tell us anything
QHat3GH1QR4-00978-00281277-00281430 at the end of their checks.
QHat3GH1QR4-00979-00281430-00281667 Many of them will write letters
QHat3GH1QR4-00980-00281667-00282022 and we also keep, each Fellow has a page
QHat3GH1QR4-00981-00282022-00282419 and we kinda keep track of what they're doing on the page,
QHat3GH1QR4-00982-00282419-00282686 so you can see news articles about them.
QHat3GH1QR4-00983-00282686-00283109 A recent Fellow whose work has kind of gotten some news
QHat3GH1QR4-00984-00283109-00283257 and has been engaged with the foundation
QHat3GH1QR4-00985-00283257-00283703 even beyond the Fellowship is Jennifer Eberhardt
QHat3GH1QR4-00986-00283703-00284048 who is a social psychologist based out of Stanford
QHat3GH1QR4-00987-00284048-00284356 who you may have remembered, you may have heard
QHat3GH1QR4-00988-00284356-00284541 the new stories about the work she did
QHat3GH1QR4-00989-00284541-00284788 with police interactions and citizens
QHat3GH1QR4-00990-00284788-00285161 and how polite they were depending on the race and ethnicity
QHat3GH1QR4-00991-00285161-00285277 of the citizen.
QHat3GH1QR4-00992-00285277-00285438 This was actually a collaboration
QHat3GH1QR4-00993-00285438-00285840 with an older MacArthur Fellow, Daniel Jurafsky,
QHat3GH1QR4-00994-00285840-00286077 who was a linguistics professor there
QHat3GH1QR4-00995-00286077-00286351 and that's a kind of example of a project
QHat3GH1QR4-00996-00286351-00286745 that both the foundation, through some of its other work,
QHat3GH1QR4-00997-00286745-00287078 helped to fund but also involve two Fellows
QHat3GH1QR4-00998-00287078-00287238 who probably met each other in part
QHat3GH1QR4-00999-00287238-00287368 because of the Fellowship.
QHat3GH1QR4-01000-00287487-00287663 And then this one also is,
QHat3GH1QR4-01001-00287663-00288163 what would you consider over qualified for a Fellowship?
QHat3GH1QR4-01002-00288190-00288482 If you've already gotten the Nobel Prize,
QHat3GH1QR4-01003-00288482-00288691 you're not gonna be getting one of my phone calls.
QHat3GH1QR4-01004-00288691-00289093 Are there other prizes? There are some other ones
QHat3GH1QR4-01005-00289093-00289309 that, you know, that we are, I think,
QHat3GH1QR4-01006-00289309-00289585 make it seem less likely.
QHat3GH1QR4-01007-00289585-00289743 All right, so there's no bright lines.
QHat3GH1QR4-01008-00289743-00289827 There's not a bright line for,
QHat3GH1QR4-01009-00289827-00290058 I think the Nobel is probably a bright line.
QHat3GH1QR4-01010-00290058-00290141 How about a Fields Medal?
QHat3GH1QR4-01011-00290141-00290245 A Fields Medal is not.
QHat3GH1QR4-01012-00290245-00290493 We've had Fellows who were at least in the running
QHat3GH1QR4-01013-00290493-00290637 for Fields. But I think we remembered
QHat3GH1QR4-01014-00290637-00290878 talking about are they out or not, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-01015-00290878-00291175 I mean, it would ask, it starts to tip the scale there.
QHat3GH1QR4-01016-00291175-00291459 Yeah, I think, you know, some of these very large prizes
QHat3GH1QR4-01017-00291459-00291722 in the sciences right now like the breakthroughs.
QHat3GH1QR4-01018-00291722-00292143 Okay, too bad Ed, you're out.
QHat3GH1QR4-01019-00292143-00292347 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-01020-00292347-00292460 Yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-01021-00292460-00292652 But it sort of depends, I guess, doesn't it?
QHat3GH1QR4-01022-00292652-00292887 It depends, one of the things we ask ourselves
QHat3GH1QR4-01023-00292887-00293128 about these other Fellowships is to what extent
QHat3GH1QR4-01024-00293128-00293394 do they constrain what the person can do?
QHat3GH1QR4-01025-00293394-00293651 Do we think that the direction they're heading
QHat3GH1QR4-01026-00293651-00294002 could be changed if they had unfettered support
QHat3GH1QR4-01027-00294002-00294264 as opposed to support like, for example,
QHat3GH1QR4-01028-00294264-00294679 for a while we were not so sure about the HHMI
QHat3GH1QR4-01029-00294679-00294972 which is mainly for biomedical research
QHat3GH1QR4-01030-00294972-00295328 but for some pl, that actually constrains their research
QHat3GH1QR4-01031-00295328-00295554 and their research might have applications outside
QHat3GH1QR4-01032-00295554-00295817 of biomedical and so we really started asking
QHat3GH1QR4-01033-00295817-00296097 those questions of all the Fellowships.
QHat3GH1QR4-01034-00296097-00296359 There's another question which is,
QHat3GH1QR4-01035-00296359-00296504 have you noticed that the selection pool
QHat3GH1QR4-01036-00296504-00296787 of the committees criteria changed over your 10 year
QHat3GH1QR4-01037-00296787-00297165 and is the Fellowship influenced by like zeitgeist.
QHat3GH1QR4-01038-00297420-00297794 Yes, I think it is influenced by the zeitgeist
QHat3GH1QR4-01039-00297794-00298067 and hence their argument for continuing
QHat3GH1QR4-01040-00298067-00298271 to shake up the committee a bit.
QHat3GH1QR4-01041-00298271-00298592 One of the things that I also think matters
QHat3GH1QR4-01042-00298592-00298836 on the Selection Committee is getting,
QHat3GH1QR4-01043-00298836-00299078 not only a diversity of fields,
QHat3GH1QR4-01044-00299078-00299346 but also some life experiences,
QHat3GH1QR4-01045-00299346-00299567 different parts of the country,
QHat3GH1QR4-01046-00299567-00299745 getting that mixed up too
QHat3GH1QR4-01047-00299745-00300060 and bringing in, I think, you know,
QHat3GH1QR4-01048-00300060-00300385 and over time I've seen this, the program has changed
QHat3GH1QR4-01049-00300385-00300554 as to how much you have people from outside
QHat3GH1QR4-01050-00300554-00300806 of the academic sector, from the private sector,
QHat3GH1QR4-01051-00300806-00300903 from other things.
QHat3GH1QR4-01052-00300903-00301284 So yes, the committees do get a certain zeitgeist
QHat3GH1QR4-01053-00301284-00301536 that goes in, the challenge is to make sure
QHat3GH1QR4-01054-00301536-00301675 that we keep that fresh.
QHat3GH1QR4-01055-00301844-00302157 So, this is from (speaking foreign language), an alum,
QHat3GH1QR4-01056-00302157-00302343 how and where do you look for people
QHat3GH1QR4-01057-00302343-00302515 in fields that don't yet have a name?
QHat3GH1QR4-01058-00302515-00302618 Which is probably a lot of people here
QHat3GH1QR4-01059-00302618-00302764 at the Media Lab.
QHat3GH1QR4-01060-00302764-00302847 Yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-01061-00302847-00303025 Well, we're always trying to find people we think
QHat3GH1QR4-01062-00303025-00303307 are at these kind of new spaces, doing something
QHat3GH1QR4-01063-00303307-00303652 we can't quite categorize and ask them to nominate.
QHat3GH1QR4-01064-00303652-00303965 Now, one of the challenges, probably the biggest challenge
QHat3GH1QR4-01065-00303965-00304217 in people doing things that don't have a name yet
QHat3GH1QR4-01066-00304217-00304568 is in finding the people who can evaluate them
QHat3GH1QR4-01067-00304568-00304915 in a credible way and sometimes that requires
QHat3GH1QR4-01068-00304915-00305261 us to do some work educating the committee.
QHat3GH1QR4-01069-00305261-00305733 I liken it to when I was a dean and I used to have to build
QHat3GH1QR4-01070-00305733-00306019 a tenure file for somebody in a brand new field
QHat3GH1QR4-01071-00306019-00306322 and all of the possible evaluators were actually junior
QHat3GH1QR4-01072-00306322-00306553 to them int he field and usually tenure cases require
QHat3GH1QR4-01073-00306553-00306756 that you have people senior to you in the field
QHat3GH1QR4-01074-00306756-00306897 and so you have to kind of engage
QHat3GH1QR4-01075-00306897-00307243 in some education work there that this person is
QHat3GH1QR4-01076-00307243-00307613 they blazing a path that lots of younger people
QHat3GH1QR4-01077-00307613-00307868 are following and so that's what makes it exciting.
QHat3GH1QR4-01078-00308028-00308162 And I guess you sort of answered this
QHat3GH1QR4-01079-00308162-00308389 but do you look for people with a proven track record
QHat3GH1QR4-01080-00308389-00308648 of impressive work or people with obvious potential
QHat3GH1QR4-01081-00308648-00308804 but not so much output?
QHat3GH1QR4-01082-00308804-00308988 Let me add a little twist to that,
QHat3GH1QR4-01083-00308988-00309071 so,
QHat3GH1QR4-01084-00309264-00309420 on your parabola,
QHat3GH1QR4-01085-00309796-00310168 again, what's the earliest that you end up,
QHat3GH1QR4-01086-00310168-00310351 'cause you said you gave it to a 19 year old,
QHat3GH1QR4-01087-00310351-00310684 so how much actual output had that 19 year old had
QHat3GH1QR4-01088-00310684-00311020 versus how much of it is just confidence on this potential
QHat3GH1QR4-01089-00311020-00311161 and then what's that?
QHat3GH1QR4-01090-00311161-00311263 Not a lot
QHat3GH1QR4-01091-00311263-00311683 but what they had done was really incredibly impressive
QHat3GH1QR4-01092-00311683-00311976 which was deciphering some ancient Mayan hieroglyphs
QHat3GH1QR4-01093-00311976-00312180 that nobody else had done.
QHat3GH1QR4-01094-00312180-00312418 But we also had a very young person
QHat3GH1QR4-01095-00312418-00312798 who had been a high school drop out, had gone back,
QHat3GH1QR4-01096-00312798-00313112 gotten their GED, got involved in a program to try
QHat3GH1QR4-01097-00313112-00313432 and help teenage mothers kind of get their education back
QHat3GH1QR4-01098-00313432-00313768 on track, was barely not a teenager herself, had moved,
QHat3GH1QR4-01099-00313768-00314123 risen to a leadership program and it really transformed
QHat3GH1QR4-01100-00314123-00314539 the initiative and so, again, somebody who had done a lot
QHat3GH1QR4-01101-00314539-00314854 in a very short period of time, so it's a mix.
QHat3GH1QR4-01102-00314854-00315087 Some people have got quite a bit there,
QHat3GH1QR4-01103-00315087-00315298 some it's only one or two things that are really exciting.
QHat3GH1QR4-01104-00315298-00315617 So, you basically want proof that there's a trajectory
QHat3GH1QR4-01105-00315617-00316018 but evidence that they're not done, basically, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-01106-00316018-00316305 And there's two questions that are related, so,
QHat3GH1QR4-01107-00316305-00316612 other than the money, what does the Fellowship provide
QHat3GH1QR4-01108-00316612-00316822 to increase the impact of their work
QHat3GH1QR4-01109-00316822-00316997 which is tied to the other one which is
QHat3GH1QR4-01110-00316997-00317156 do you feel that providing the Fellows with funding
QHat3GH1QR4-01111-00317156-00317338 actually inhibits their impact
QHat3GH1QR4-01112-00317338-00317597 because a lot of creativity comes from adversary?
QHat3GH1QR4-01113-00317597-00317798 And I heard a rumor that Murray Gell-Mann
QHat3GH1QR4-01114-00317798-00318216 who is I think involved at some point in some level
QHat3GH1QR4-01115-00318216-00318514 suggested that we do a control experiment
QHat3GH1QR4-01116-00318514-00318855 by measuring the output of the people we didn't give
QHat3GH1QR4-01117-00318855-00319232 the award to versus, I think we decided that was a bad idea
QHat3GH1QR4-01118-00319232-00319514 because it would be hard to measure but still,
QHat3GH1QR4-01119-00319514-00319909 the question is, so, the Fellows have had great output
QHat3GH1QR4-01120-00319909-00320232 but like you said, they suddenly get surrounded
QHat3GH1QR4-01121-00320232-00320398 and we know this whole thing about child prodigies
QHat3GH1QR4-01122-00320398-00320740 having difficulty because they can't take the risk
QHat3GH1QR4-01123-00320740-00320959 and the Fellowship does give you freedom
QHat3GH1QR4-01124-00320959-00321176 because of the money but it also gives you this burden
QHat3GH1QR4-01125-00321176-00321420 of now your a MacArthur Fellow, say something smart, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-01126-00321420-00321592 Yeah, yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-01127-00321592-00321738 So, let's see,
QHat3GH1QR4-01128-00321738-00321947 in terms of beyond the money,
QHat3GH1QR4-01129-00321947-00322311 as I mentioned, in some fields the money isn't so much
QHat3GH1QR4-01130-00322311-00322547 but what we've heard is that it gives you credibility,
QHat3GH1QR4-01131-00322547-00322867 Fellows report getting doors opened
QHat3GH1QR4-01132-00322867-00323047 either to advance their research
QHat3GH1QR4-01133-00323047-00323378 or sometimes to apply for new funding opportunity
QHat3GH1QR4-01134-00323378-00323652 thanks to having been named a Fellow, so,
QHat3GH1QR4-01135-00323652-00323835 and that getting a voice.
QHat3GH1QR4-01136-00323835-00324250 One of the stories is Marc Edwards who was disobedience
QHat3GH1QR4-01137-00324250-00324737 last year, he told a story of he had done some work early on
QHat3GH1QR4-01138-00324737-00325035 about lead and water in Washington DC
QHat3GH1QR4-01139-00325035-00325320 and he had a really hard time getting any attention
QHat3GH1QR4-01140-00325320-00325589 to the problem at all or getting any action on it
QHat3GH1QR4-01141-00325589-00325953 but he was called in early in the case of Flint, Michigan
QHat3GH1QR4-01142-00325953-00326174 and he said just the fact that it said
QHat3GH1QR4-01143-00326174-00326400 Marc Edwards MacArthur Fellow got us publicity
QHat3GH1QR4-01144-00326400-00326767 and allowed us to actually catch the problem earlier,
QHat3GH1QR4-01145-00326767-00327022 maybe not early enough but earlier than we might have
QHat3GH1QR4-01146-00327022-00327183 in some other circumstance.
QHat3GH1QR4-01147-00327183-00327370 So, there's a way which there is credibility
QHat3GH1QR4-01148-00327370-00327524 that's provided to him.
QHat3GH1QR4-01149-00327524-00327870 We also periodically try to bring the Fellows together
QHat3GH1QR4-01150-00327870-00328149 because sometimes some exciting things happen when people
QHat3GH1QR4-01151-00328149-00328473 meet cross fields 'cause one of the things that's unusual
QHat3GH1QR4-01152-00328473-00328715 about the ward is that you can meet across disciplines
QHat3GH1QR4-01153-00328715-00328879 and there'd been some collaborations
QHat3GH1QR4-01154-00328879-00329144 that have stated to emerge out of that.
QHat3GH1QR4-01155-00329144-00329300 In terms of the issue of adversity,
QHat3GH1QR4-01156-00329300-00329674 there are, Fellows tell us that there can be a moment
QHat3GH1QR4-01157-00329674-00329862 of feeling a little frozen,
QHat3GH1QR4-01158-00329862-00330145 particularly with the genius label,
QHat3GH1QR4-01159-00330145-00330342 that it can be a burden.
QHat3GH1QR4-01160-00330342-00330635 Some people say that the fact that it's no strings
QHat3GH1QR4-01161-00330635-00330942 actually is the biggest burden they've ever felt
QHat3GH1QR4-01162-00330942-00331063 about getting a fellowship
QHat3GH1QR4-01163-00331063-00331261 'cause they feel like they really have to do something
QHat3GH1QR4-01164-00331261-00331532 important and contribute to society.
QHat3GH1QR4-01165-00331532-00331770 I haven't heard anyone who said,
QHat3GH1QR4-01166-00331770-00331951 and we would allow them to do this,
QHat3GH1QR4-01167-00331951-00332253 please keep the money because, you know,
QHat3GH1QR4-01168-00332253-00332549 I need adversity to succeed, no one's said that yet.
QHat3GH1QR4-01169-00332549-00332678 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-01170-00332678-00332867 That is interesting.
QHat3GH1QR4-01171-00332867-00333331 I mean, I think even though that, but just because the name
QHat3GH1QR4-01172-00333331-00333573 does provide that sort of gravitas,
QHat3GH1QR4-01173-00333573-00333971 I could imagine for some people that they might, you know,
QHat3GH1QR4-01174-00333971-00334374 I could imagine some people might have a harder time
QHat3GH1QR4-01175-00334374-00334531 because you have the responsibility
QHat3GH1QR4-01176-00334531-00334705 of being a MacArthur Fellow
QHat3GH1QR4-01177-00334705-00335061 but I guess it's hard to measure that, isn't it?
QHat3GH1QR4-01178-00335061-00335176 It's hard, it's hard.
QHat3GH1QR4-01179-00335262-00335423 And people have talked to us about encountering
QHat3GH1QR4-01180-00335423-00335614 some jealousy in their fields,
QHat3GH1QR4-01181-00335614-00335931 at least I've heard two Fellow's say they thought
QHat3GH1QR4-01182-00335931-00336151 it was harder for their papers to get published,
QHat3GH1QR4-01183-00336151-00336415 that they were subject to greater scrutiny.
QHat3GH1QR4-01184-00336415-00336638 They've said that but then they've concluded
QHat3GH1QR4-01185-00336638-00336840 but yeah, it was still better to get it than that.
QHat3GH1QR4-01186-00336840-00336935 Yeah, yeah, yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-01187-00336935-00337109 Now, that makes sense.
QHat3GH1QR4-01188-00337109-00337609 Does the Selection Committee lobby for favorite candidates?
QHat3GH1QR4-01189-00337808-00337891 No.
QHat3GH1QR4-01190-00337891-00338044 Well, let me phrase it this way,
QHat3GH1QR4-01191-00338044-00338281 because if I interpret the question as
QHat3GH1QR4-01192-00338281-00338577 they have, you know, their favorite student
QHat3GH1QR4-01193-00338577-00338911 or person they know or it's something like that, no.
QHat3GH1QR4-01194-00338911-00339317 People do fall in love with candidates.
QHat3GH1QR4-01195-00339317-00339488 In the process, yeah. In the process
QHat3GH1QR4-01196-00339488-00339870 but it is a community, it's a consensus building,
QHat3GH1QR4-01197-00339870-00340152 it's being in a seminar where there's lots of give and take
QHat3GH1QR4-01198-00340152-00340517 and conversation and people ask tough hard questions
QHat3GH1QR4-01199-00340517-00340898 but you do, and, you know, the other thing about the program
QHat3GH1QR4-01200-00340898-00341209 is even the staff, we develop, we each take files
QHat3GH1QR4-01201-00341209-00341428 to develop to bring to the committee
QHat3GH1QR4-01202-00341428-00341697 and we bring about double the number of files
QHat3GH1QR4-01203-00341697-00341829 as there will be Fellowships,
QHat3GH1QR4-01204-00341829-00342228 so we know going in that half of our files, at least,
QHat3GH1QR4-01205-00342228-00342482 are not gonna get through and yet whenever we leave
QHat3GH1QR4-01206-00342482-00342690 the committee meeting, we're really sad.
QHat3GH1QR4-01207-00342690-00342905 So, it's hard not to fall in love
QHat3GH1QR4-01208-00342905-00343064 with these incredible people.
QHat3GH1QR4-01209-00343064-00343466 Is it okay to say that I get to see the list sometimes?
QHat3GH1QR4-01210-00343466-00343549 Yes.
QHat3GH1QR4-01211-00343549-00343805 And it is sad, even, for us,
QHat3GH1QR4-01212-00343805-00344002 we're not very involved in the process
QHat3GH1QR4-01213-00344002-00344274 to see people and then like root for them
QHat3GH1QR4-01214-00344274-00344394 and then, but it's,
QHat3GH1QR4-01215-00344394-00344601 but then you look at all the people who win
QHat3GH1QR4-01216-00344601-00344732 and it makes you feel good.
QHat3GH1QR4-01217-00344732-00344815 And people sometimes come back.
QHat3GH1QR4-01218-00344815-00344955 Yes, that's true.
QHat3GH1QR4-01219-00344955-00345150 You know, as I said, 'cause nominations never die, so.
QHat3GH1QR4-01220-00345150-00345466 Have you ever been unable to reach somebody on the phone?
QHat3GH1QR4-01221-00345466-00345736 I mean, I'm unable to reach people in the Media Lab
QHat3GH1QR4-01222-00345736-00345882 on the phone sometimes, I mean.
QHat3GH1QR4-01223-00345882-00346184 There have been some really, so,
QHat3GH1QR4-01224-00346184-00346515 there's a historical case, before people had cellphones,
QHat3GH1QR4-01225-00346515-00346824 I've heard this is true that there was a Fellow
QHat3GH1QR4-01226-00346824-00347086 who was sitting in a cafe in Italy
QHat3GH1QR4-01227-00347086-00347376 and saw in the International Herald Tribune
QHat3GH1QR4-01228-00347376-00347557 that they had been named a Fellow.
QHat3GH1QR4-01229-00347557-00347788 I'm not sure they would let me name the person,
QHat3GH1QR4-01230-00347788-00347987 the Fellow, now without having told them ahead of time
QHat3GH1QR4-01231-00347987-00348158 'cause technically they could say no
QHat3GH1QR4-01232-00348158-00348341 but I guess back then, they just--
QHat3GH1QR4-01233-00348341-00348494 You end up in a Jesse, Bob Dylan situation.
QHat3GH1QR4-01234-00348494-00348675 Yeah, right, right, right.
QHat3GH1QR4-01235-00348675-00349099 I have had, I've had to engage in some real trickery.
QHat3GH1QR4-01236-00349099-00349528 I've invented conferences that I wanted people to attend,
QHat3GH1QR4-01237-00349528-00349915 we've setup appointments for fake graduate students,
QHat3GH1QR4-01238-00349915-00350415 we have, my most recent Fellow who was most persistent,
QHat3GH1QR4-01239-00350435-00350726 so this was a Fellow who's based in Chicago
QHat3GH1QR4-01240-00350726-00351042 and I tried to call him, call him, call him,
QHat3GH1QR4-01241-00351042-00351270 he would not answer the phone.
QHat3GH1QR4-01242-00351270-00351629 I sent him text message and he said
QHat3GH1QR4-01243-00351629-00351820 well can't we just text each other?
QHat3GH1QR4-01244-00351820-00352073 Like, no, no, I really need to talk to you in person,
QHat3GH1QR4-01245-00352073-00352322 it's really, really important that I talk to you in person
QHat3GH1QR4-01246-00352322-00352642 and so finally he said well, I really don't
QHat3GH1QR4-01247-00352642-00352735 like talking on the phone
QHat3GH1QR4-01248-00352735-00352935 so I said why don't we meet for coffee?
QHat3GH1QR4-01249-00353022-00353318 So, I got him, I came up with a whole story
QHat3GH1QR4-01250-00353318-00353486 that I needed to consult with him
QHat3GH1QR4-01251-00353486-00353729 on another Fellow nomination
QHat3GH1QR4-01252-00353729-00353904 and I really needed his advice on it.
QHat3GH1QR4-01253-00353904-00354236 So, he met me, but he decided to meet at this restaurant
QHat3GH1QR4-01254-00354236-00354372 that had communal tables
QHat3GH1QR4-01255-00354372-00354712 so I thought okay, I'm not gonna be able to say it to him,
QHat3GH1QR4-01256-00354712-00355013 so I made a folder and I made the folder look
QHat3GH1QR4-01257-00355013-00355208 like it was a file for a candidate
QHat3GH1QR4-01258-00355208-00355533 and I put the front page of the folder said Congratulations
QHat3GH1QR4-01259-00355533-00355861 and then the second page said You Are MacArthur Fellow.
QHat3GH1QR4-01260-00355861-00356057 So, we sat down, I said here's the file
QHat3GH1QR4-01261-00356057-00356334 I want your opinion on and I passed it over to him
QHat3GH1QR4-01262-00356334-00356725 and he opened it and he looked at it and then he closed it
QHat3GH1QR4-01263-00356725-00357151 and looked at me like (laughing) that was fun.
QHat3GH1QR4-01264-00357151-00357296 That was. I wish I could do that
QHat3GH1QR4-01265-00357296-00357428 more frequently.
QHat3GH1QR4-01266-00357428-00357612 And actually, it's one of my favorite things
QHat3GH1QR4-01267-00357612-00357745 about being on the board is I get to,
QHat3GH1QR4-01268-00357745-00357868 am I allowed to say this too?
QHat3GH1QR4-01269-00357868-00358044 I get to listen in...
QHat3GH1QR4-01270-00358044-00358192 Oh yes, yes, yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-01271-00358192-00358503 So, say somebody calls on a speaker phone
QHat3GH1QR4-01272-00358503-00358692 and a number of us get to sit around
QHat3GH1QR4-01273-00358692-00358905 and first of all it's wonderful
QHat3GH1QR4-01274-00358905-00359231 but some of the things you have to go through
QHat3GH1QR4-01275-00359231-00359351 to get them on the phone is also
QHat3GH1QR4-01276-00359351-00359622 and then the people who like don't believe you and hang up
QHat3GH1QR4-01277-00359622-00359730 and so.
QHat3GH1QR4-01278-00359730-00359813 Oh, yeah, yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-01279-00359813-00359963 And you also hear people Googling
QHat3GH1QR4-01280-00359963-00360297 or they'll hang up and say I gotta call you back
QHat3GH1QR4-01281-00360297-00360531 and you know they're trying to check the number.
QHat3GH1QR4-01282-00360531-00360850 They're people you ask, are you some place
QHat3GH1QR4-01283-00360850-00361040 you can have a confidential conversation?
QHat3GH1QR4-01284-00361040-00361169 And they say yes.
QHat3GH1QR4-01285-00361169-00361350 And then you proceed to tell them, they say,
QHat3GH1QR4-01286-00361350-00361654 oh wait a minute, let me leave this lunch table I'm at
QHat3GH1QR4-01287-00361654-00361781 with a bunch of people
QHat3GH1QR4-01288-00361781-00361925 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-01289-00361925-00362061 so that I can really talk.
QHat3GH1QR4-01290-00362061-00362144 So, I'm like, so you weren't really some place
QHat3GH1QR4-01291-00362144-00362362 you could have a confidential conversation were you?
QHat3GH1QR4-01292-00362362-00362535 We've got people on freeways
QHat3GH1QR4-01293-00362535-00362808 and I've asked them to pull off,
QHat3GH1QR4-01294-00362808-00363164 take the next exit and find a safe place to stop.
QHat3GH1QR4-01295-00363164-00363521 My predecessor called a Fellow that we knew
QHat3GH1QR4-01296-00363521-00363797 had a new baby and asked her if she was holding it
QHat3GH1QR4-01297-00363797-00363971 and suggested she put it down.
QHat3GH1QR4-01298-00364075-00364318 And then he told her the news and she said
QHat3GH1QR4-01299-00364318-00364569 really thank you for making me put the baby down.
QHat3GH1QR4-01300-00364569-00364673 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-01301-00364673-00364862 And then the hard part is
QHat3GH1QR4-01302-00364862-00364946 that they have to keep it a secret.
QHat3GH1QR4-01303-00364946-00365066 Yes.
QHat3GH1QR4-01304-00365066-00365149 For a number of months.
QHat3GH1QR4-01305-00365149-00365289 They have to keep it secret for several weeks, not months.
QHat3GH1QR4-01306-00365289-00365437 Wouldn't last months.
QHat3GH1QR4-01307-00365437-00365520 Several weeks.
QHat3GH1QR4-01308-00365520-00365657 And they can tell one person?
QHat3GH1QR4-01309-00365657-00365863 They're allowed to tell one person, yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-01310-00365863-00365955 And you usually recommend it's their spouse
QHat3GH1QR4-01311-00365955-00366038 if they have one, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-01312-00366038-00366179 Well, sometimes they ask, you know,
QHat3GH1QR4-01313-00366179-00366311 do you think it should be my spouse?
QHat3GH1QR4-01314-00366311-00366649 And I suggested yes, that might be a good idea.
QHat3GH1QR4-01315-00366649-00366819 Sometimes it's their mother.
QHat3GH1QR4-01316-00366906-00367237 It's, you know, one Fellow told his newborn twins.
QHat3GH1QR4-01317-00367237-00367468 I told him he could tell the two of them.
QHat3GH1QR4-01318-00367557-00367713 (laughing)
QHat3GH1QR4-01319-00367713-00367806 That's great.
QHat3GH1QR4-01320-00367806-00368115 And the convening of the Fellows,
QHat3GH1QR4-01321-00368115-00368286 that happened since you got back, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-01322-00368286-00368514 'Cause Don was really kind of against--
QHat3GH1QR4-01323-00368514-00368834 Well, what happened was, here's what happened,
QHat3GH1QR4-01324-00368834-00368990 so what happened was we used to have,
QHat3GH1QR4-01325-00368990-00369103 as part of the Fellowship,
QHat3GH1QR4-01326-00369103-00369246 there used to be biannual reunion of Fellows
QHat3GH1QR4-01327-00369246-00369603 and all of the Fellows and their families were invited
QHat3GH1QR4-01328-00369603-00369883 to come together and these were amazing events,
QHat3GH1QR4-01329-00369883-00370054 I've heard people tell stories of it
QHat3GH1QR4-01330-00370054-00370278 but you can just do the math, right?
QHat3GH1QR4-01331-00370278-00370642 You know, we've been naming Fellows since 1981,
QHat3GH1QR4-01332-00370642-00370886 roughly 20 to 25 each class
QHat3GH1QR4-01333-00370886-00371284 and so these events were completely just too big,
QHat3GH1QR4-01334-00371284-00371515 you couldn't really manage them anymore
QHat3GH1QR4-01335-00371515-00371862 and so we started having smaller gatherings of Fellows
QHat3GH1QR4-01336-00371862-00372141 that were more curated and they tried different forms
QHat3GH1QR4-01337-00372141-00372375 of curation, sometimes they got Fellows in the same,
QHat3GH1QR4-01338-00372375-00372529 like all the jazz musicians together
QHat3GH1QR4-01339-00372529-00372666 or all the writers together.
QHat3GH1QR4-01340-00372666-00372891 Sometimes they did them other ways.
QHat3GH1QR4-01341-00372891-00373273 We decided when I came, because i had heard so much
QHat3GH1QR4-01342-00373273-00373481 from past Fellows that they missed these big reunions
QHat3GH1QR4-01343-00373481-00373694 to experiment with a larger event.
QHat3GH1QR4-01344-00373694-00373967 So we periodically have what we call a forum
QHat3GH1QR4-01345-00373967-00374310 where we invite all the Fellows to attend,
QHat3GH1QR4-01346-00374310-00374525 just everyone who was ever a Fellow,
QHat3GH1QR4-01347-00374525-00374696 we don't invite the families,
QHat3GH1QR4-01348-00374696-00375003 but I had done some analysis of the previous events
QHat3GH1QR4-01349-00375003-00375237 and realized that I could kinda do it like airlines do
QHat3GH1QR4-01350-00375237-00375621 and invite everybody with the expectation that only
QHat3GH1QR4-01351-00375621-00375785 a certain percentage were gonna show up
QHat3GH1QR4-01352-00375785-00375902 and that's worked well.
QHat3GH1QR4-01353-00375902-00376050 We've done that, we did it a few years ago,
QHat3GH1QR4-01354-00376050-00376246 we're about to have another one this fall
QHat3GH1QR4-01355-00376246-00376445 so we have first come first serve
QHat3GH1QR4-01356-00376445-00376760 and a cap on the number and that makes the event manageable.
QHat3GH1QR4-01357-00376760-00377064 And it's a, it's a really amazing kind of experience
QHat3GH1QR4-01358-00377064-00377322 to see people from these different fields start to talk
QHat3GH1QR4-01359-00377322-00377574 to each other and to realize how much humility
QHat3GH1QR4-01360-00377574-00377735 there is in the room.
QHat3GH1QR4-01361-00377735-00377963 One Fellow tells a story and this is not,
QHat3GH1QR4-01362-00377963-00378194 she's not the only one, I've heard this over and over again,
QHat3GH1QR4-01363-00378194-00378449 that they feel when they get to that event,
QHat3GH1QR4-01364-00378449-00378756 they're a little intimidated because every Fellow believes
QHat3GH1QR4-01365-00378756-00378948 that they were a mistake.
QHat3GH1QR4-01366-00378948-00379271 And so this Fellow reported that she spent
QHat3GH1QR4-01367-00379271-00379667 the entire morning of the first day in the ladies restroom,
QHat3GH1QR4-01368-00379667-00380115 hiding from the other Fellows until another Fellow came in
QHat3GH1QR4-01369-00380115-00380380 intending to do the same thing and then they start talking
QHat3GH1QR4-01370-00380380-00380570 and then they came back out and joined the group.
QHat3GH1QR4-01371-00380570-00380693 That's great.
QHat3GH1QR4-01372-00380693-00380987 Well um, Cecilia, we're out of time, so thank you very much,
QHat3GH1QR4-01373-00380987-00381236 but I'll say to the audience one last thing
QHat3GH1QR4-01374-00381236-00381467 in case you get mobbed, they can mob you for another reason
QHat3GH1QR4-01375-00381467-00381782 because you're also in charge of the 100 million dollar,
QHat3GH1QR4-01376-00381782-00382153 100 & Change project at the MacArthur foundation
QHat3GH1QR4-01377-00382153-00382415 and we'll talk about that at some later time
QHat3GH1QR4-01378-00382415-00382563 but she's, she's,
QHat3GH1QR4-01379-00382563-00382870 in charge of the two, I think,
QHat3GH1QR4-01380-00382870-00383038 probably most well-known program.
QHat3GH1QR4-01381-00383038-00383176 I have the coolest job.
QHat3GH1QR4-01382-00383176-00383290 She has a great--
QHat3GH1QR4-01383-00383290-00383384 I have the coolest job.
QHat3GH1QR4-01384-00383384-00383592 Just quickly, the 100 million dollar, the foundation
QHat3GH1QR4-01385-00383592-00383979 is, gave out a 100 million dollar grant to a single project,
QHat3GH1QR4-01386-00383979-00384260 in December we plan to do it again in three years.
QHat3GH1QR4-01387-00384260-00384385 It was an open call,
QHat3GH1QR4-01388-00384385-00384710 tell us what a 100 million dollars can do.
QHat3GH1QR4-01389-00384710-00384954 And we had an external panel of judges
QHat3GH1QR4-01390-00384954-00385378 who reviewed and helped the foundation narrow the pool down
QHat3GH1QR4-01391-00385378-00385647 and then the board announced in December
QHat3GH1QR4-01392-00385647-00385944 a 100 million dollar grant to Sesame Workshop
QHat3GH1QR4-01393-00385944-00386233 and International Rescue Committee for an early childhood
QHat3GH1QR4-01394-00386233-00386487 intervention in a Syrian refugee region
QHat3GH1QR4-01395-00386487-00386704 and then because they liked the finalists so much,
QHat3GH1QR4-01396-00386704-00386970 they gave, thank you very much.
QHat3GH1QR4-01397-00386970-00387271 They gave three 15 million dollar grants
QHat3GH1QR4-01398-00387271-00387462 to the three other finalists.
QHat3GH1QR4-01399-00387462-00387962 One is Rice University, it's a engineering project
QHat3GH1QR4-01400-00387964-00388202 in, to help newborns survive in Malawi
QHat3GH1QR4-01401-00388202-00388408 and other parts of Africa.
QHat3GH1QR4-01402-00388408-00388692 HarvestPlus, which is a biofortified food project,
QHat3GH1QR4-01403-00388692-00388973 and Catholic Relief Services Lumos and Maestral,
QHat3GH1QR4-01404-00388973-00389224 which is a project to end orphanages.
QHat3GH1QR4-01405-00389224-00389525 Actually we have, actually have a few minutes
QHat3GH1QR4-01406-00389525-00389735 I remember, I'm gonna say one other thing
QHat3GH1QR4-01407-00389735-00389854 because I was on the board when we were talking about this.
QHat3GH1QR4-01408-00389854-00390077 It was my idea, although somebody else was getting credit
QHat3GH1QR4-01409-00390077-00390249 for it, my idea of the day.
QHat3GH1QR4-01410-00390249-00390517 It was my idea that we, 'cause the thing is we,
QHat3GH1QR4-01411-00390517-00390762 we did this presentation where all of them came
QHat3GH1QR4-01412-00390762-00390995 and we brought a lot of other funders together,
QHat3GH1QR4-01413-00390995-00391301 and it's really hard to find a project that can actually
QHat3GH1QR4-01414-00391301-00391516 consume a 100 million dollars and the process
QHat3GH1QR4-01415-00391516-00391843 of getting them from an idea to a group that
QHat3GH1QR4-01416-00391843-00392177 could actually do that, even though they hated it through
QHat3GH1QR4-01417-00392177-00392315 the process, it could've been shorter,
QHat3GH1QR4-01418-00392315-00392570 it was a lot of worker to kinda get them organized,
QHat3GH1QR4-01419-00392570-00392817 and when we got them to their finalist stage,
QHat3GH1QR4-01420-00392817-00393164 I would have been happy giving 100 million to any of them,
QHat3GH1QR4-01421-00393164-00393355 the finalists, I thought they were all great.
QHat3GH1QR4-01422-00393355-00393605 And, in fact, a lot of other foundations and donors
QHat3GH1QR4-01423-00393605-00393907 wanted to give money to all of the finalists,
QHat3GH1QR4-01424-00393907-00394181 which was this other thing instead, it became kinda like a,
QHat3GH1QR4-01425-00394181-00394553 it became a vetting process for potential projects,
QHat3GH1QR4-01426-00394553-00394749 which I think is a thing, and then,
QHat3GH1QR4-01427-00394749-00395214 what I wanted to do was wait and try to get funding
QHat3GH1QR4-01428-00395214-00395417 for all of them and give our 100 million to the one
QHat3GH1QR4-01429-00395417-00395677 that didn't get funded, but then it wouldn't be a prize
QHat3GH1QR4-01430-00395677-00395893 anymore was the argument, so, so I get that.
QHat3GH1QR4-01431-00395893-00395976 Yeah.
QHat3GH1QR4-01432-00395976-00396201 We were also, they were, they were a such a,
QHat3GH1QR4-01433-00396201-00396432 they had been such a long process.
QHat3GH1QR4-01434-00396432-00396550 That's true, it was getting tired.
QHat3GH1QR4-01435-00396550-00396668 They were so anxious, they were so tired, they were,
QHat3GH1QR4-01436-00396668-00396830 and believe me, when we told them they were getting
QHat3GH1QR4-01437-00396830-00397066 15 million, one of them said, you don't get a
QHat3GH1QR4-01438-00397066-00397402 15 million call every day, so they were pretty happy.
QHat3GH1QR4-01439-00397402-00397649 We've actually, we got some success, I can't,
QHat3GH1QR4-01440-00397649-00397978 I can't name names but I'm anticipating some good news
QHat3GH1QR4-01441-00397978-00398061 by the end of the year.
QHat3GH1QR4-01442-00398061-00398310 'Cause, 'cause even this, the semi-finalists told me
QHat3GH1QR4-01443-00398310-00398581 that they were all having a glow effect,
QHat3GH1QR4-01444-00398581-00398730 it's kind of like being an Oscar nominee
QHat3GH1QR4-01445-00398730-00399140 and so I think that, that the 100 & Change is kind of like
QHat3GH1QR4-01446-00399140-00399366 the MacArthur Fellows Program and that I think
QHat3GH1QR4-01447-00399366-00399536 it's a process to try and vet things.
QHat3GH1QR4-01448-00399536-00399865 Obviously the MacArthur Fellows Program has been around
QHat3GH1QR4-01449-00399865-00400093 longer so you kind of have that mostly figured out.
QHat3GH1QR4-01450-00400093-00400309 But I think this 100 & Change, I think is a good way
QHat3GH1QR4-01451-00400309-00400580 to try to look for projects that are also unique
QHat3GH1QR4-01452-00400580-00400802 and, you know, worth attention.
QHat3GH1QR4-01453-00400802-00400965 The other, the real distinction between them,
QHat3GH1QR4-01454-00400965-00401382 whereas the MacArthur Fellows Program, we are secret about
QHat3GH1QR4-01455-00401382-00401831 who's involved, 100 & Change is part of our transparency,
QHat3GH1QR4-01456-00401831-00402074 you can go online, you can see the judges,
QHat3GH1QR4-01457-00402074-00402479 the 400 judges who participated in the evaluation project.
QHat3GH1QR4-01458-00402479-00402806 There's also a solutions bank where very proposal,
QHat3GH1QR4-01459-00402806-00403081 at least a synopsis of it, is available for anyone,
QHat3GH1QR4-01460-00403081-00403304 you can search it, they're all tagged by sustainable
QHat3GH1QR4-01461-00403304-00403433 development goal.
QHat3GH1QR4-01462-00403433-00403875 It's 1904 proposals that we got from around the world, so,
QHat3GH1QR4-01463-00403875-00404077 and it's really inspiring to read them,
QHat3GH1QR4-01464-00404077-00404344 so if you get a little sad from reading the newspaper
QHat3GH1QR4-01465-00404344-00404645 go to the Solutions Bank, 100 & Change.
QHat3GH1QR4-01466-00404645-00404796 All right, thank you.
QHat3GH1QR4-01467-00404796-00405113 (audience applauding)
QI4ohgQtCyA-00000-00000003-00000260 (upbeat music)
QI4ohgQtCyA-00001-00000617-00000824 - Hi, everyone, I'm Eiji.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00002-00000824-00001107 In this session I will tell you how to improve
QI4ohgQtCyA-00003-00001107-00001348 your SMS OTP forms.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00004-00001348-00001588 You will be able to make a huge difference
QI4ohgQtCyA-00005-00001588-00001955 to user experience with just a few small changes.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00006-00001955-00002245 Signing users in is a process to prove
QI4ohgQtCyA-00007-00002245-00002432 that the person trying to sign in
QI4ohgQtCyA-00008-00002432-00002709 is the same person who originally registered
QI4ohgQtCyA-00009-00002709-00002886 on your website.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00010-00002886-00003229 And many websites choose to use passwords to do so.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00011-00003329-00003680 However, passwords are known to be vulnerable.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00012-00003680-00003960 There are many traps waiting for your users
QI4ohgQtCyA-00013-00003960-00004167 and your website.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00014-00004167-00004457 Asking for additional evidence of ownership
QI4ohgQtCyA-00015-00004457-00004841 will help the user to prove their identity.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00016-00004841-00005268 One of the most popular ways to do that is to use SMS OTP,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00017-00005268-00005715 one time password, as a second step for authentication.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00018-00005715-00005939 The user can prove their ownership
QI4ohgQtCyA-00019-00005939-00006419 of a phone number by entering an OTP delivered via SMS.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00020-00006419-00006690 Because phone numbers are universally unique
QI4ohgQtCyA-00021-00006690-00006900 an SMS message can be used
QI4ohgQtCyA-00022-00006900-00007227 to prove a user is who they say they are.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00023-00007227-00007457 Let me show you how it works.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00024-00007457-00007787 Let's take a typical two-step verification as an example.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00025-00007787-00008061 A user enters a username and a password
QI4ohgQtCyA-00026-00008061-00008455 and then the website asks for an OTP.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00027-00008455-00008758 Because a user has already registered their phone number
QI4ohgQtCyA-00028-00008758-00008898 on the website.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00029-00008898-00009159 The service can send an SMS message
QI4ohgQtCyA-00030-00009159-00009332 to the number with an OTP.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00031-00009469-00009749 The user then opens the SMS app
QI4ohgQtCyA-00032-00009749-00010250 and copies or remembers the OTP and enter that in the form.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00033-00010263-00010547 The website examine the submitted OTP
QI4ohgQtCyA-00034-00010547-00010717 and verifies that user.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00035-00010820-00011054 This is how SMS OTP is used
QI4ohgQtCyA-00036-00011054-00011308 in a typical two-step verification.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00037-00011308-00011658 There are a few more use cases for SMS OTP.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00038-00011658-00012078 Phone number verification, some services use a phone number
QI4ohgQtCyA-00039-00012078-00012302 as a user's primary identifier.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00040-00012302-00012696 In that case users enter their phone number when signing in
QI4ohgQtCyA-00041-00012696-00013196 and enter an OTP received via SMS to prove their identity.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00042-00013239-00013573 Sometimes it's combined with a pin to constitute
QI4ohgQtCyA-00043-00013573-00013767 a two-step verification.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00044-00013767-00014247 Account recovery, when a user loses access to their account,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00045-00014247-00014477 there needs to be a way to recover it.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00046-00014587-00014691 Sending an email
QI4ohgQtCyA-00047-00014691-00014871 to their registered email address
QI4ohgQtCyA-00048-00014871-00015158 or an SMS OTP to their phone number
QI4ohgQtCyA-00049-00015158-00015398 is a common account recovery method.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00050-00015398-00015749 Payment confirmation, in payment systems,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00051-00015749-00016032 some banks or credit card issuers request
QI4ohgQtCyA-00052-00016032-00016286 additional authentication from the payer
QI4ohgQtCyA-00053-00016286-00016409 for better security.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00054-00016503-00016983 And some of them choose SMS OTP as a way to achieve that.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00055-00016983-00017210 Before diving into the best practices.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00056-00017210-00017340 There's one caveat.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00057-00017444-00017691 Even though I'm speaking about best practices
QI4ohgQtCyA-00058-00017691-00017871 on SMS OTP form,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00059-00017871-00018271 you should aware that SMS OTP is not the most secure way
QI4ohgQtCyA-00060-00018271-00018518 of authentication by itself.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00061-00018518-00018858 This is because phone numbers are known to be recycled
QI4ohgQtCyA-00062-00018858-00019092 and sometimes hijacked.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00063-00019092-00019539 And the concept of OTP itself is not phishing resistant.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00064-00019539-00019816 If you are looking for better security
QI4ohgQtCyA-00065-00019816-00020126 I would recommend using web authentication.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00066-00020126-00020340 You can learn more about web authentication
QI4ohgQtCyA-00067-00020340-00020680 from the talk I gave at the Chrome Dev Summit last year.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00068-00020800-00020940 With that in mind
QI4ohgQtCyA-00069-00020940-00021237 let's dive into SMS OTP form best practices.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00070-00021344-00021601 Sam has already done an amazing job
QI4ohgQtCyA-00071-00021601-00021771 covering general best practices
QI4ohgQtCyA-00072-00021771-00022002 on building a sign-in form.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00073-00022002-00022322 You can learn more on his article on the video,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00074-00022322-00022562 but I will give you three specific tips
QI4ohgQtCyA-00075-00022562-00022942 on constructing an input field for an OTP.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00076-00022942-00023253 Don't use type number for the OTP input,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00077-00023253-00023573 since that will add up and down increment arrows
QI4ohgQtCyA-00078-00023573-00023750 to the input on desktop,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00079-00023750-00023970 which doesn't make sense for OTPs.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00080-00024057-00024467 I recommend simply using text, but it doesn't matter much
QI4ohgQtCyA-00081-00024467-00024631 if you follow the next step.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00082-00024781-00025045 Use input mode numeric.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00083-00025045-00025285 Since typical OTPs are digits
QI4ohgQtCyA-00084-00025285-00025472 using input mode numeric
QI4ohgQtCyA-00085-00025472-00025782 helps mobile browser users enter an OTP
QI4ohgQtCyA-00086-00025782-00026189 by showing the optimized keyboard for entering numbers.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00087-00026189-00026363 Some good news is Firefox
QI4ohgQtCyA-00088-00026363-00026609 recently started supporting input mode
QI4ohgQtCyA-00089-00026609-00026906 which makes it available on most mobile browsers.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00090-00027073-00027504 Another important attribute is autocomplete one-time-code.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00091-00027504-00027681 This is only effective in Safari,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00092-00027681-00027927 but as it helps the browser autofill
QI4ohgQtCyA-00093-00027927-00028114 I strongly recommend using it.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00094-00028238-00028618 iOS 12 and later heuristically detects an OTP
QI4ohgQtCyA-00095-00028618-00028912 from the SMS message and it shows a suggestion
QI4ohgQtCyA-00096-00028912-00029319 on its keyboard for the user to enter the OTP to the form.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00097-00029319-00029693 Now, let me talk a bit about SMS text message.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00098-00029693-00029909 There's a format you can align with
QI4ohgQtCyA-00099-00029909-00030223 to get the best out of OTP messages.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00100-00030223-00030370 And the good news is that
QI4ohgQtCyA-00101-00030370-00030750 the same format works across Safari and Chrome.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00102-00030750-00030930 Just append the following information
QI4ohgQtCyA-00103-00030930-00031124 at the last line of the message.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00104-00031124-00031481 The domain you are aiming to bind the OTP to
QI4ohgQtCyA-00105-00031481-00031861 preceded with an @ and the actual OTP
QI4ohgQtCyA-00106-00031861-00032015 preceded with a hash.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00107-00032142-00032325 By specifying a bounded domain.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00108-00032325-00032532 The browser will assist the user
QI4ohgQtCyA-00109-00032532-00032919 entering an OTP only when that domain matches.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00110-00032919-00033193 By specifying an OTP in the format,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00111-00033193-00033610 the browser can retrieve the exact OTP you intend to deliver
QI4ohgQtCyA-00112-00033610-00033877 and prevent the browser from picking the wrong numbers
QI4ohgQtCyA-00113-00033877-00034067 using heuristics.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00114-00034067-00034444 Starting from iOS 14 and macOS Big Sur,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00115-00034444-00034681 Safari will respect this format
QI4ohgQtCyA-00116-00034681-00034921 with a bounded domain in the message
QI4ohgQtCyA-00117-00034921-00035275 and assist the user to enter the OTP.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00118-00035275-00035628 Chrome also uses the same domain bound text format
QI4ohgQtCyA-00119-00035628-00035996 but with a different approach which is called Web OTP API.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00120-00036096-00036319 By using the credential management API
QI4ohgQtCyA-00121-00036319-00036816 the website can obtain an OTP via SMS as an OTP credential
QI4ohgQtCyA-00122-00036823-00037320 upon user content and handle it imperatively in JavaScript.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00123-00037330-00037637 You can check if the future is supported by examining
QI4ohgQtCyA-00124-00037637-00037911 if OTP credential is available.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00125-00037911-00038178 Simply calling navigator.credentials.get
QI4ohgQtCyA-00126-00038178-00038568 with a type of OTP and the transport of SMS
QI4ohgQtCyA-00127-00038568-00038695 instructs the browser
QI4ohgQtCyA-00128-00038695-00039035 to start waiting to receive an SMS message.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00129-00039035-00039255 As soon as the user receives an SMS
QI4ohgQtCyA-00130-00039255-00039703 with the domain bound message format, a dialog is displayed.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00131-00039703-00039973 After the user presses the allow button
QI4ohgQtCyA-00132-00039973-00040353 the API is resolved with the OTP, which you can set
QI4ohgQtCyA-00133-00040353-00040797 as a value of the input field, or unlike autocomplete,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00134-00040797-00041144 you can pass the OTP directly to the server.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00135-00041144-00041528 This is available in Chrome, Opera, and Vivaldi for now,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00136-00041528-00041778 but we are hoping this feature to be available
QI4ohgQtCyA-00137-00041778-00042012 on more browsers in the future as well.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00138-00042172-00042482 There are a few partners seeing amazing results
QI4ohgQtCyA-00139-00042482-00042736 by adopting the Web OTP API.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00140-00042736-00043216 Tinder and matching up improved OTP completion rate by 2.5%.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00141-00043333-00043780 Oyo a hotel booking service reduce time to login by 37%.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00142-00043873-00044374 Goibibo a travel booking service reduce signup retry by 25%.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00143-00044511-00044784 Other players like Shop Pay from Shopify,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00144-00044784-00045041 Twitter, Facebook are preparing
QI4ohgQtCyA-00145-00045041-00045315 to bring this feature as well.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00146-00045315-00045532 I can't wait to see Web OTP API
QI4ohgQtCyA-00147-00045532-00045815 to be available in many websites.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00148-00045815-00046316 Finally, let me recap, when you're building an SMS OTP form,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00149-00046329-00046643 use type text, input mode numeric,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00150-00046643-00046893 and autocomplete one-time-code for the input tag.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00151-00046997-00047223 Use a domain-bound message format
QI4ohgQtCyA-00152-00047223-00047510 for an SMS message delivering an OTP,
QI4ohgQtCyA-00153-00047637-00048101 using Web OTP API to assist the user entering an OTP.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00154-00048101-00048355 You can learn more about these best practices
QI4ohgQtCyA-00155-00048355-00048608 at web.dev/sms-otp-form
QI4ohgQtCyA-00156-00048608-00049109 and more about Web OTP API at web.dev/web-otp.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00157-00049145-00049269 Thank you for watching.
QI4ohgQtCyA-00158-00049269-00049526 (upbeat music)
QIj24nPa_qA-00000-00000003-00000615 hello I guess you are here because you want to know all about solo ads what are they and
QIj24nPa_qA-00001-00000615-00001194 how can they possibly help increase your sales in your business or help increase the contacts
QIj24nPa_qA-00002-00001194-00001644 you have on your email marketing list and that's kind of where I associate it with is your email
QIj24nPa_qA-00003-00001644-00002328 marketing list and then you know what happens there so my name is Vanessa D brulee and on my
QIj24nPa_qA-00004-00002328-00002919 channel I am here to help you earn money save time and find balance in your life and this is
QIj24nPa_qA-00005-00002919-00003393 a time saver everything you do in your business is going to cost you you're either gonna cost
QIj24nPa_qA-00006-00003393-00003947 you with your time or it's gonna cost you with money there isn't anything for free I don't care
QIj24nPa_qA-00007-00003947-00004614 what you do you're gonna spend time or spend money one of the ways that you can find people
QIj24nPa_qA-00008-00004614-00005160 to sell you solo ads are through Facebook that's one way and I'm gonna give you an example we're
QIj24nPa_qA-00009-00005160-00005703 just gonna I just googled solo ads and Facebook I did a search and here's one buying and selling
QIj24nPa_qA-00010-00005703-00006360 group and in the group I'm not a member of that but in any of these groups what they do is they
QIj24nPa_qA-00011-00006360-00006978 allow people to promote themselves to be solo ad sellers and you can go and connect with them
QIj24nPa_qA-00012-00006978-00007745 and become a solo ad buyer now what is a solo ad all right let's say you're trying to build
QIj24nPa_qA-00013-00007745-00008148 up your email list let's say you only have about a hundred people on there which isn't bad it's a
QIj24nPa_qA-00014-00008148-00008631 good start and you want to build it up faster organically you've been getting people but you
QIj24nPa_qA-00015-00008631-00009222 just want to get to a thousand or 2,000 so you go to one of these solo ad sellers and you say
QIj24nPa_qA-00016-00009222-00010320 I want to buy 100 clicks okay remember it's clicks what they'll do is they'll take your email sequent
QIj24nPa_qA-00017-00010320-00010707 whatever you're saying in your email where you're offering something you send it to them say this is
QIj24nPa_qA-00018-00010707-00011097 what I want to say this is what I want to offer you and you send it to them the more you do the
QIj24nPa_qA-00019-00011097-00011730 better and then they will send it out to maybe a thousand people off of their list and once it gets
QIj24nPa_qA-00020-00011730-00012231 a hundred clicks because that's what you bought they'll stop running it and then they send those
QIj24nPa_qA-00021-00012231-00012801 names to you so you have a hundred clicks now a lot of people will send you like 110 120 just
QIj24nPa_qA-00022-00012801-00013419 because it's to their advantage to over deliver now out of those clicks you're gonna look at okay
QIj24nPa_qA-00023-00013419-00013974 how many of those people are opting into my email list how many people opted into that free lead
QIj24nPa_qA-00024-00013974-00014571 magnet that I had and now they're on my list and I did it once and I had like a 40% opt-in which
QIj24nPa_qA-00025-00014571-00015309 wasn't bad but personally I'd rather spend my time than my money because it'll cost like 50 to
QIj24nPa_qA-00026-00015309-00015855 80 dollars to get those hundred clicks and you're not guaranteed that you have opt-ins and you're
QIj24nPa_qA-00027-00015855-00016356 not guaranteed that there are sales now there are other places that you can go and let me show you
QIj24nPa_qA-00028-00016356-00017304 personally I would recommend going to this site instead of to a Facebook page only because this
QIj24nPa_qA-00029-00017304-00018219 site is called udemy you di mi comm and they only deal in solo ads so you can come and place
QIj24nPa_qA-00030-00018219-00018924 yourself on the site as a solo ad seller or a solo ad buyer one or the other so they're connecting
QIj24nPa_qA-00031-00018924-00019404 people that want to do business together but if you're a seller and you're scamming people
QIj24nPa_qA-00032-00019404-00019908 and people are giving you bad ratings just like up work or Fiverr they're gonna kick you off the site
QIj24nPa_qA-00033-00019908-00020511 so most of the people here I would think would be legit and you probably have a better chance
QIj24nPa_qA-00034-00020511-00021129 of getting a really legit list of people where do these people come from well let's say you've been
QIj24nPa_qA-00035-00021129-00021666 in business 10 years and you've created a mass list of a million people well you can become a
QIj24nPa_qA-00036-00021666-00022194 solo ad seller these are people thinking of other ways to make money with the resources
QIj24nPa_qA-00037-00022194-00022671 that they have I think it's genius personally I think it's genius because they've done a lot of
QIj24nPa_qA-00038-00022671-00023139 work to collect those names maybe they bought them maybe themselves I don't know but anyway
QIj24nPa_qA-00039-00023139-00023610 you want to go to the top here where it says find sellers and let us just tell you a couple things
QIj24nPa_qA-00040-00023610-00024201 to look for when you're looking for a seller let's put that back there okay one of the things
QIj24nPa_qA-00041-00024201-00024825 you're gonna notice right away is right here it says this seller whoops has been promoted and
QIj24nPa_qA-00042-00024825-00025443 psychologically we think oh you to me is promoting these sellers because they're so wonderful that is
QIj24nPa_qA-00043-00025443-00025956 not true they're being promoted because they paid to be promoted and paid to get to the top so they
QIj24nPa_qA-00044-00025956-00026508 paid money to do that probably smart to do that because now the first three people you look at
QIj24nPa_qA-00045-00026508-00026961 are all promoted and if you're in a rush you're you know don't feel like digging you know all
QIj24nPa_qA-00046-00026961-00027456 three of them look like they got pretty good stats so they're not bad but let's look at some of the
QIj24nPa_qA-00047-00027456-00027975 things that they're showing this is one thing you want to look at this 41% that is the percentage
QIj24nPa_qA-00048-00027975-00028692 of ratings where buyers reported sales so he has two thousand six hundred ninety three likes and
QIj24nPa_qA-00049-00028692-00029319 forty one I don't know if that has to do with customers let me see here but forty one percent
QIj24nPa_qA-00050-00029319-00029988 of the people that he sold to have reported sales so that's probably pretty good because if you skim
QIj24nPa_qA-00051-00029988-00030726 down here some of these percents are lower this person has six dislikes along with the likes so
QIj24nPa_qA-00052-00030726-00031383 that's something to consider Thomas here is new he only has fourteen likes that we can assume he's
QIj24nPa_qA-00053-00031383-00031989 newer but he's got twenty three percent of the people have sales and he only charges forty eight
QIj24nPa_qA-00054-00031989-00032766 forty eight cents per click the thing is you only pay for the clicks so let's say they take your
QIj24nPa_qA-00055-00032766-00033468 money and you say I'm buying a hundred solo but a solo ad and I want a hundred clicks they might
QIj24nPa_qA-00056-00033468-00033918 run it through a thousand people to get those hundred clicks you're not gonna pay forty eight
QIj24nPa_qA-00057-00033918-00034347 cents for a thousand you're gonna pay forty eight cents for the hunger so just put a zero on the end
QIj24nPa_qA-00058-00034347-00035370 and put your decimal place in four dollars and eighty cents for a hundred all right or $48 haha
QIj24nPa_qA-00059-00035370-00035811 that was not good was it oh don't tell my friends that all right I'm like that does not sound right
QIj24nPa_qA-00060-00035811-00036312 4480 it's 48 dollars put your two zeros on there and you're multiplying by 100 oh my goodness all
QIj24nPa_qA-00061-00036312-00036813 right let's look at Brandon and we'll forget that even happen let's go to Brandon Sean here he's got
QIj24nPa_qA-00062-00036813-00037542 sixty-seven cents he's charging more but his buy rate his sales rate is 69 percent so that's pretty
QIj24nPa_qA-00063-00037542-00038172 good he's got a good you know a lot of people said they they're they've gotten sales from him now as
QIj24nPa_qA-00064-00038172-00039093 you come down you can say how many that you want to buy this says C two hundred one hundred you
QIj24nPa_qA-00065-00039093-00039522 have a minimum that you can buy you have to buy at least one hundred so if he's 69 cents it's going
QIj24nPa_qA-00066-00039522-00040069 to cost you 69 dollars and I think right here it's $70 they're probably scheduling in the little bit
QIj24nPa_qA-00067-00040069-00040567 that they have to pay to you to me they have to pay to be on this site you can choose a base
QIj24nPa_qA-00068-00040567-00041392 filter or you can choose only top tier and it says you will receive only visitors from the United
QIj24nPa_qA-00069-00041392-00041989 States United Kingdom Canada Australia New Zealand Zealand and Singapore those are always considered
QIj24nPa_qA-00070-00041989-00042583 top tier think about it people in America spend money like its water and they will even buy high
QIj24nPa_qA-00071-00042583-00043213 ticket items you don't want to be sending this to other poorer parts of the world that might not
QIj24nPa_qA-00072-00043213-00043648 even consider high ticket items but if you just want to see how it works you might want to try
QIj24nPa_qA-00073-00043648-00044272 the lower tier if you up it to the top tier look down here gonna pay an extra $10 to guarantee that
QIj24nPa_qA-00074-00044272-00044896 everybody's from this country so it's up to you personally I would pay for them you can go down
QIj24nPa_qA-00075-00044896-00045766 here and you can see he has a temporary price drop and he said all of my traffic comes from these
QIj24nPa_qA-00076-00045766-00046690 places the top tier forty percent of my clients get sales and more and he does not accept desktop
QIj24nPa_qA-00077-00046690-00047200 only traffic which I would think you would not you would want mobile as well all right so let's look
QIj24nPa_qA-00078-00047200-00047752 in here this person said these are testimonials thanks for your high quality traffic I got good
QIj24nPa_qA-00079-00047752-00048427 leads and sales and he said I got sales so all of these different testimonials are telling them you
QIj24nPa_qA-00080-00048427-00048994 know yeah we've got sales look at all the green on the right this one didn't get sales but he said
QIj24nPa_qA-00081-00048994-00049714 good solo Thanks three sign up so he got three opt-ins but maybe not sales again you've got to
QIj24nPa_qA-00082-00049714-00050182 dig in and find out which one you want to use but those are things you're looking at you want
QIj24nPa_qA-00083-00050182-00050686 to pay for those hundred clicks and you want to get as many opt-ins as you can and hopefully get
QIj24nPa_qA-00084-00050686-00051232 at least a sale out of that or one or two and this shows you average traffic comes from the
QIj24nPa_qA-00085-00051232-00051619 United States you can see where it all comes from so make sure you check that out it's at the bottom
QIj24nPa_qA-00086-00051619-00052324 and there you go a hundred percent top to your countries let's go back up he also has frequently
QIj24nPa_qA-00087-00052324-00052711 asked questions I'm not going to go into that but let's go up and look at another one let's just
QIj24nPa_qA-00088-00053241-00054286 and we'll look at somebody else let's go down a little bit somebody that might be a little
QIj24nPa_qA-00089-00054286-00054942 cheaper most of them are running about 60 cents so you're talking $60 okay Anthony
QIj24nPa_qA-00090-00054942-00055813 is 50 cents but he has a 37% sales all right let's see what Anthony has to say and again
QIj24nPa_qA-00091-00055813-00056269 it's called udemy.com the link is below check it out just go in and check it out and maybe
QIj24nPa_qA-00092-00056269-00056866 you know this is an option maybe you want to buy some and build up your email contact list
QIj24nPa_qA-00093-00056866-00057835 he sold 11 solos in the last couple days so that shows you that he's very active and right here it
QIj24nPa_qA-00094-00057835-00058522 says $28 base fill oh that's four he'll let you buy 50 so if you're skeptical and you're not sure
QIj24nPa_qA-00095-00058522-00058984 what to do that's really nice of him to let you buy 50 you know I would be that way I would be
QIj24nPa_qA-00096-00058984-00059473 afraid to spend too much money if I wasn't sure said let's get it up to a hundred and there you
QIj24nPa_qA-00097-00059473-00060325 go it's fifty three dollars that's you know that's worth it you can um tell them when you
QIj24nPa_qA-00098-00060325-00061348 want it to go out and again here are some of his no sales but 16 opt-ins 53% opt-in that's really
QIj24nPa_qA-00099-00061348-00062125 good more than half of them opted in out of 100 and some of these people got sales so there you
QIj24nPa_qA-00100-00062125-00063514 go some people come back I ordered 15 I got 55 out of 55 I got to signups and for opt-ins so
QIj24nPa_qA-00101-00063514-00063883 it really depends on what you're looking for and he's looking at the United States too so that's
QIj24nPa_qA-00102-00063883-00064279 basically what I wanted to show you I hope that makes more sense it's not something you have to
QIj24nPa_qA-00103-00064279-00064777 do remember you're paying with your time or you're paying with money I know people that
QIj24nPa_qA-00104-00064777-00065308 have put out money and bought like their first 2,000 contacts on their email list I did not
QIj24nPa_qA-00105-00065308-00066061 like I said I I bought I think a hundred and I got like a 40% opt-in rate but I personally want
QIj24nPa_qA-00106-00066061-00066644 people to click into my newsletter into my email list that they know offering if that makes sense
QIj24nPa_qA-00107-00066644-00067265 maybe back then I wasn't real clear but I you know it's up to you maybe you can really offer
QIj24nPa_qA-00108-00067265-00067724 something and explain in that email about your newsletter and get them to sign up or maybe you
QIj24nPa_qA-00109-00067724-00068219 just have this wonderful lead magnet and you're getting the right people but um then it depends
QIj24nPa_qA-00110-00068219-00068669 you've got to figure out your own business there's no magic bullet out there for anybody
QIj24nPa_qA-00111-00068669-00069383 we're all unique we're all trying to figure out our business and this is part of what you can
QIj24nPa_qA-00112-00069383-00069815 do if you want to grow just your email list a little bit faster hope that was helpful give me
QIj24nPa_qA-00113-00069815-00070298 a thumbs up if it was you're more than welcome to check out my playlist I've got other email
QIj24nPa_qA-00114-00070298-00070784 marketing tips and things that might help you out there's a playlist below and then the link
QIj24nPa_qA-00115-00070784-00071198 for you to me is down there as well if you want to check this out alright thanks for coming today
QIUDnIOpG64-00000-00000111-00000521 This is you, standing on the surface of the Earth.
QIUDnIOpG64-00001-00000521-00000799 From all visible metrics, the Earth is flat.
QIUDnIOpG64-00002-00000799-00001101 Here, let me draw a line for you.
QIUDnIOpG64-00003-00001101-00001328 See how flat it is?
QIUDnIOpG64-00004-00001328-00001617 What a simple thing that people don't seem to understand.
QIUDnIOpG64-00005-00001617-00001775 Earth is flat.
QIUDnIOpG64-00006-00001775-00002442 If it looks flat, feels flat, then it has to be flat.
QIUDnIOpG64-00007-00002442-00003088 Even if you conduct an experiment from a plane over ten and a half kilometres up in the sky,
QIUDnIOpG64-00008-00003088-00003393 that's over six and a half miles,
QIUDnIOpG64-00009-00003393-00003650 the world still seem flat.
QIUDnIOpG64-00010-00003650-00004056 Or at least, it does at first glance.
QIUDnIOpG64-00011-00004056-00004244 But it is not.
QIUDnIOpG64-00012-00004244-00004543 Because even at that height, you are but a blink,
QIUDnIOpG64-00013-00004543-00004954 a tiny fly floating by.
QIUDnIOpG64-00014-00004954-00005470 Small objects on large surfaces will always see the  surface as flat.
QIUDnIOpG64-00015-00005470-00005734 Because you can't see as far.
QIUDnIOpG64-00016-00005734-00005950 “No!” you might argue.
QIUDnIOpG64-00017-00005950-00006110 “It is flat!
QIUDnIOpG64-00018-00006110-00006357 I can see Chicago City from Michigan,
QIUDnIOpG64-00019-00006358-00006672 and that's almost sixty miles away,
QIUDnIOpG64-00020-00006672-00007065 that's nearly ninety-five kilometres.
QIUDnIOpG64-00021-00007065-00007420 Sorry to disappoint, but that's not very far.
QIUDnIOpG64-00022-00007420-00007952 It would actually be stranger if you can't see the Chicago skyline.
QIUDnIOpG64-00023-00007952-00008315 Even the Denali Mountain, the tallest land-based mountain on Earth,
QIUDnIOpG64-00024-00008315-00008896 pales in comparison to the mere curvature of just one percent of the earth's circumference.
QIUDnIOpG64-00025-00008896-00009422 If Earth was a clock, the Denali Mountain will take less than two minutes
QIUDnIOpG64-00026-00009422-00009776 to completely vanish from your sight.
QIUDnIOpG64-00027-00009776-00010026 That's how large the Earth is.
QIUDnIOpG64-00028-00010026-00010553 To say you are an ant on a basketball does not do the size justice.
QIUDnIOpG64-00029-00010553-00011069 You are a speck of dust on a single point of a hot air balloon.
QIUDnIOpG64-00030-00011069-00011606 Ask that tiny particle of dust if the balloon is flat, and they too might say yes.
QIUDnIOpG64-00031-00011606-00011774 But it's not.
QIUDnIOpG64-00032-00011774-00012117 That balloon is round, and so is the Earth.
QIUDnIOpG64-00033-00012117-00012568 A blue marble, floating in space.
QIUDnIOpG64-00034-00012568-00013003 Some of you may ask, “What's the harm in believing the Earth is flat?
QIUDnIOpG64-00035-00013003-00013279 It's not hurting anyone.”
QIUDnIOpG64-00036-00013279-00013379 It's hurting one thing.
QIUDnIOpG64-00037-00013379-00013550 The simple truth.
QIUDnIOpG64-00038-00013550-00014029 It is vitally important for us to  accept that the Earth is round.
QIUDnIOpG64-00039-00014029-00014308 The longer we fight over this  fundamental fact of science,
QIUDnIOpG64-00040-00014309-00014804 the longer we are blinded to the  greater mystery and beauty of the universe;
QIUDnIOpG64-00041-00014804-00015106 The longer we will not be able to explore;
QIUDnIOpG64-00042-00015106-00015413 The longer we are bound to the surface of this planet;
QIUDnIOpG64-00043-00015413-00015986 The longer we are held back by our  reluctance to accept a universe larger than us,
QIUDnIOpG64-00044-00015986-00016278 that is also leaving us behind;
QIUDnIOpG64-00045-00016278-00016832 And the longer we wait, the less we can chase after that same universe.
QIUDnIOpG64-00046-00016833-00017309 We are atoms, forged in the heat of dying stars.
QIUDnIOpG64-00047-00017309-00017776 Sent hurtling through existence over billions of years to land on a mote of dust,
QIUDnIOpG64-00048-00017776-00018020 suspended in sunbeam;
QIUDnIOpG64-00049-00018020-00018390 so we may be born and live out  less than a fraction of an eye blink
QIUDnIOpG64-00050-00018390-00018694 in the lifespan of the universe.
QIUDnIOpG64-00051-00018695-00019369 In that short moment, we have but a tiny window to unravel what we can of the mystery of everything,
QIUDnIOpG64-00052-00019369-00020020 so that one day we may peak past the veil and glimpse at the wonders of eternity.
QIUDnIOpG64-00053-00020020-00020195 And perhaps one day,
QIUDnIOpG64-00054-00020196-00020360 far out into the future,
QIUDnIOpG64-00055-00020360-00020808 when we look back into the darkness and see the earth smiling back,
QIUDnIOpG64-00056-00020808-00021180 when we stare from wherever we are in the universe onto the patch of sky
QIUDnIOpG64-00057-00021180-00021490 that holds onto the pale blue dot we called home,
QIUDnIOpG64-00058-00021490-00021900 we can remember where we came from.
QIUDnIOpG64-00059-00021900-00022215 We can remember how far we've come.
QIUDnIOpG64-00060-00022215-00022338 That's why it's important.
QIUDnIOpG64-00061-00022338-00022918 If we ever want to get there, we must understand that the universe is complex.
QIUDnIOpG64-00062-00022918-00023380 That the world we live on isn't a simple straight line.
QIUDnIOpG64-00063-00023380-00023634 We must accept the fact,
QIUDnIOpG64-00064-00023634-00023754 that the Earth,
QIUDnIOpG64-00065-00023754-00023900 is round.
QJUL2ej8KhM-00000-00000000-00000799 Ms Scott Cato of the Green Group. Molly: Thank You Mr. President. This law
QJUL2ej8KhM-00001-00000799-00001194 requiring the automatic exchange of information about where companies make
QJUL2ej8KhM-00002-00001194-00001673 their money is a step towards transparency. In future, tax authorities
QJUL2ej8KhM-00003-00001673-00002091 will be able to see where companies earn money and create value, and if they shift
QJUL2ej8KhM-00004-00002091-00002556 profits to avoid paying tax. But this is a long way short of the full public
QJUL2ej8KhM-00005-00002556-00003009 Country-By-Country reporting that we as Greens have been calling for. We need
QJUL2ej8KhM-00006-00003009-00003378 this information to be publicly available and for all multinational
QJUL2ej8KhM-00007-00003378-00003903 companies, not just a few of the large ones. The EU can and should be a global
QJUL2ej8KhM-00008-00003903-00004402 leader in ambitious actions for Tax Justice. The leak of the Panama Papers
QJUL2ej8KhM-00009-00004402-00004892 exposed the extent of the network of tax havens and Overseas Territories that
QJUL2ej8KhM-00010-00004892-00005278 help wealthy people hide their money. The data make it clear that the
QJUL2ej8KhM-00011-00005278-00005769 UK is at the heart of the web of offshore tax havens - over half of the
QJUL2ej8KhM-00012-00005769-00006139 companies listed have been registered in the British Virgin Islands and when you
QJUL2ej8KhM-00013-00006139-00006579 trace the people or companies behind these shell companies, the UK itself ranks
QJUL2ej8KhM-00014-00006579-00007139 fifth for linked companies. David Cameron has a real opportunity this week to
QJUL2ej8KhM-00015-00007139-00007515 demonstrate its commitment to tax transparency as he hosts the UK's
QJUL2ej8KhM-00016-00007515-00007995 anti-corruption summit. He can put an end to shell companies by requiring British
QJUL2ej8KhM-00017-00007995-00008400 Overseas Territories to introduce a mandatory public register of beneficial
QJUL2ej8KhM-00018-00008400-00008840 ownership. This would be a real step towards ending tax havens and secrecy
QJUL2ej8KhM-00019-00008840-00009260 jurisdictions and I support the calls made this week by over 300
QJUL2ej8KhM-00020-00009260-00009657 economists for this to happen. Let's end tax havens once and for all.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00000-00000712-00001190 If you work or volunteer with kids in Queensland, there is  important information you need to know.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00001-00001190-00001752 On 31 August 2020, the Queensland Government made changes to the blue card system.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00002-00001752-00002160 To make it better. Better for you, better for our kids.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00003-00002160-00002535 These changes include new laws that apply to organisations,
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00004-00002535-00002856 paid workers, business operators and volunteers.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00005-00002856-00003320 This video gives an overview of the key changes. We have developed further videos
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00006-00003320-00003702 that explain each of the key changes in more detail.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00007-00003856-00004184 To apply for a blue card, you need a Customer Reference Number
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00008-00004184-00004536 from the Department of Transport and Main Roads. It's the number on your
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00009-00004536-00004954 driver's licence, marine licence or photo identification card.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00010-00004954-00005218 We use this photo on your blue card.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00011-00005448-00005800 You can apply or renew your blue card online. This means a
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00012-00005800-00006090 faster approval time for most applicants.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00013-00006232-00006726 The No Card, No Start laws mean you must have a valid blue card before you start work.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00014-00006912-00007290 You can apply for a blue card before you get a job. This means you can be job ready.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00015-00007290-00007520 Volunteers and students need to be
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00016-00007520-00007909 linked to an organisation to continue getting a blue card for free.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00017-00008048-00008732 Queensland police and teachers registered in Queensland now have a three-year expiry date on their exemption cards.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00018-00008888-00009160 All card holders must renew their blue card before it
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00019-00009160-00009584 expires to continue working with kids.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00020-00009607-00009936 The simplified frequency test applies to paid employees,
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00021-00009936-00010432 volunteers and students. This means people working with kids for not more
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00022-00010432-00010920 than seven days in a calendar year will not need a blue card. However, this
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00023-00010920-00011479 does not apply to business operators as they will require a blue card.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00024-00011480-00011975 Organisations must check a card holder's ID and link them to their organisation
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00025-00011976-00012178 before they can start work.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00026-00012256-00012704 Card holders must tell us when there is a  change in their police information.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00027-00012868-00013000 There are stricter requirements for
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00028-00013000-00013460 people who rely on an exemption to work or volunteer with children.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00029-00013647-00014296 There are new offences and penalties for individuals and organisations who do not  comply with the new laws.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00030-00014440-00014880 We have introduced an online portal for organisations to help them manage their
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00031-00014880-00015134 blue card holders and applicants.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00032-00015288-00015672 By working together and knowing how these changes affect you, we can build a
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00033-00015672-00016031 stronger blue card system and keep Queensland kids safe.
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00034-00016032-00016400 For more information about these changes you can visit our website,
QpEuPn4PZ2g-00035-00016400-00016808 phone our call centre or you can send us an email.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00000-00000003-00000600 Let's talk as a business owner about brand protection. People can go on and
QOj0fm0j0hE-00001-00000600-00001092 talk about you in any way they want. So, we have a program. We call the brand
QOj0fm0j0hE-00002-00001092-00001746 protection toolkit. And we have a document that you must download and I'm
QOj0fm0j0hE-00003-00001746-00002252 going to walk you through right now because it is powerful way for you to be
QOj0fm0j0hE-00004-00002252-00003336 in control of your online assets.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00005-00003508-00003864 They're all over the place. Every time I sit down with a company, I'm like,
QOj0fm0j0hE-00006-00003864-00004242 "Okay, where's your YouTube? What's your LinkedIn? What's your Google Analytics?"
QOj0fm0j0hE-00007-00004242-00004637 They're like... And everyone's just looking at each other like, "Do you know where it
QOj0fm0j0hE-00008-00004637-00004932 is? Do you know where it is? How about you, you know where it is? Oh, that guy that
QOj0fm0j0hE-00009-00004932-00005255 used to work for us. He set that up. Well, that guy used to work for us he did that."
QOj0fm0j0hE-00010-00005255-00005639 I'm like, "Oh, God. Here we go." So, I want... I want to make sure that this does not
QOj0fm0j0hE-00011-00005639-00006117 happen to you. So, let's take a look at my what I call the executive login sheet.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00012-00006117-00006572 This is all of the things that I see people looking at each other for. "Do you
QOj0fm0j0hE-00013-00006572-00006914 know where that is?" It's that the guy that left? It's not the guy we fired?" You know,
QOj0fm0j0hE-00014-00006914-00007214 there's all these things that have to be in one location. So let me walk you
QOj0fm0j0hE-00015-00007214-00007578 through some of the critical ones. First of all, your website. When is your domain
QOj0fm0j0hE-00016-00007578-00007983 name expire and what credit card is associated with that domain. Very
QOj0fm0j0hE-00017-00007983-00008331 important that you know when those things are going to be expiring. Like I
QOj0fm0j0hE-00018-00008331-00008831 said in a prior video, makes you always to buy 2 years ahead on your domain. Don't
QOj0fm0j0hE-00019-00008831-00009189 wait till it has 3 months out. I don't care if it's on Auto renewal.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00020-00009189-00009567 Google doesn't know what's on auto renewal. So when the seas you get down to
QOj0fm0j0hE-00021-00009567-00010017 like 6 months and then 3 months and then 1 month, it's like, "Ah, are you
QOj0fm0j0hE-00022-00010017-00010275 coming back? Where are you going?" So, it gets a little
QOj0fm0j0hE-00023-00010275-00010611 nervous about that. So, make sure you have that purchased ahead. Your website
QOj0fm0j0hE-00024-00010611-00010977 hosting also very important that you're on a secured server and you have a
QOj0fm0j0hE-00025-00010977-00011442 dedicated IP. Just call them and say I want HTTPS on every page of my website.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00026-00011442-00011951 That's a secured server. And a dedicated IP address is you're not sharing. Most of
QOj0fm0j0hE-00027-00011951-00012395 the hosting companies, they sell shared IP addresses. Sharing is not caring. We
QOj0fm0j0hE-00028-00012395-00012800 want to make sure that we're not sharing our IP address. Alright, moving on. Blog,
QOj0fm0j0hE-00029-00012800-00013428 now if you have a WordPress website, then you already have a blog. It's part of the
QOj0fm0j0hE-00030-00013428-00013881 system that is WordPress. So, when you go into your backend of your website, you'll
QOj0fm0j0hE-00031-00013881-00014361 see that there are posts and there are pages. Pages or pages on your website and
QOj0fm0j0hE-00032-00014361-00014784 posts or your blog now. What's important about the blog is that you know how to
QOj0fm0j0hE-00033-00014784-00015237 get in, you know how to delete and you have a username and passwords for your
QOj0fm0j0hE-00034-00015237-00015656 blog. Very important. Usually they're the same as your website. So, make sure you
QOj0fm0j0hE-00035-00015656-00016091 have your website logins as well that you have them at a moment's notice.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00036-00016091-00016606 You can grab it. Now my husband did an extensive research on
QOj0fm0j0hE-00037-00016606-00017224 encrypted tools like LastPass. And I recommend LastPass because it is double
QOj0fm0j0hE-00038-00017224-00017563 and actually is triple encrypted. It's encrypted on your computer, it's a
QOj0fm0j0hE-00039-00017563-00018004 cryptid in the cloud and it's encrypted in your account on the cloud. So, if for
QOj0fm0j0hE-00040-00018004-00018397 whatever reason someone walks out the door, they have all of these logins and
QOj0fm0j0hE-00041-00018397-00018847 they're not super happy, you get that panicky feeling because you don't know
QOj0fm0j0hE-00042-00018847-00019156 what they're going to do and you don't know where they live to go .and shut them out
QOj0fm0j0hE-00043-00019156-00019717 So, but having this even if it's written down locked in your desk, I don't care as
QOj0fm0j0hE-00044-00019717-00020044 long as you have it where you can pull it out and say change, change, change,
QOj0fm0j0hE-00045-00020044-00020392 change, change. Boom, you're protected and that person is
QOj0fm0j0hE-00046-00020392-00020842 on their merry way. But you know that as a business owner, as a... You know, as an
QOj0fm0j0hE-00047-00020842-00021373 executive, as even just an entrepreneur, those assets are gold for you. We need to
QOj0fm0j0hE-00048-00021373-00021850 really treat them as precious items and don't just give your you know logins out
QOj0fm0j0hE-00049-00021850-00022354 just to anybody, it's very important. Okay. Moving on is Google Analytics. So,
QOj0fm0j0hE-00050-00022354-00022897 google.com slash analytics. Yes it's pretty nerdy. I get it. And a lot of
QOj0fm0j0hE-00051-00022897-00023235 people set it up and they never look at it. So, we're going to be doing a lot of
QOj0fm0j0hE-00052-00023235-00023707 videos around Google Analytics. But just make sure you've got your logins
QOj0fm0j0hE-00053-00023707-00024276 and make sure that all of your Google assets --so, your Google business listing,
QOj0fm0j0hE-00054-00024276-00024645 your Google Analytics, your Google Webmaster Tools which we'll talk about
QOj0fm0j0hE-00055-00024645-00025117 in a minute. Everything is under the same login. So, if you have them all over the
QOj0fm0j0hE-00056-00025117-00025576 place, make sure you get them all back together and set up a gmail account like
QOj0fm0j0hE-00057-00025576-00026091 your name admin at gmail.com. So, my only be findabilityadmin@gmail.com. I
QOj0fm0j0hE-00058-00026091-00026506 go into Google Analytics, I change the email address. I go into webmaster tools,
QOj0fm0j0hE-00059-00026506-00026966 change the email address. So, everything is pointing toward that one profile.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00060-00026966-00027418 Google wants to be able to understand that every profile, every website has a
QOj0fm0j0hE-00061-00027418-00027862 human connection to it. So, when you go in you set a gmail up, you have to put your
QOj0fm0j0hE-00062-00027862-00028272 contact information, your name, your phone number. You establish a human presence
QOj0fm0j0hE-00063-00028272-00028732 behind a digital presence. So, it's really important that you set that up and put
QOj0fm0j0hE-00064-00028732-00029202 everything under the same domain or the same logins, trust me. You're going to want
QOj0fm0j0hE-00065-00029202-00029536 to do this because they're probably all over the place. Okay, so that's Google
QOj0fm0j0hE-00066-00029536-00029944 Analytics. The next one is your social media. So, I
QOj0fm0j0hE-00067-00029944-00030385 how many of you are actively doing social. However google looks and sees if
QOj0fm0j0hE-00068-00030385-00030976 you have all of those social handles that match your domain name. So,
QOj0fm0j0hE-00069-00030976-00031501 Facebook business page, Instagram Pinterest, Twitter, YouTube, reddit and
QOj0fm0j0hE-00070-00031501-00032052 snapchat. Like, I'm never I'm a law firm. I'm never going to use snapchat. It's
QOj0fm0j0hE-00071-00032052-00032377 not that I think you're never gonna use it as I don't want any wells to get it.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00072-00032377-00032782 So, by going in there and reserving a lot of those, you're really protecting
QOj0fm0j0hE-00073-00032782-00033201 yourself in a big way. I have seen some nutty stuff show up under these accounts.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00074-00033201-00033883 Porn sites under like marine diesel engine companies. Porn. I was in... I was
QOj0fm0j0hE-00075-00033883-00034354 in a conference room with all the executives and I'm already... I'm assuming.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00076-00034354-00034729 This is a while ago that they had already you know reserved all their
QOj0fm0j0hE-00077-00034729-00035278 domains in their name. So, sure enough of course in front of the entire senior
QOj0fm0j0hE-00078-00035278-00035794 leadership team, I pull up their Twitter account and it's been hacked and it is
QOj0fm0j0hE-00079-00035794-00036193 full of porn and not in a good way and I pulled it up on a massive screen in this
QOj0fm0j0hE-00080-00036193-00036550 conference room. It was like I just wanted to die. All the guys laughed but
QOj0fm0j0hE-00081-00036550-00036925 it wasn't very funny. And then we had of course do triage and go in and make sure
QOj0fm0j0hE-00082-00036925-00037266 that all the other social media accounts were set up in their name, they had the
QOj0fm0j0hE-00083-00037266-00037716 logins and passwords. So please go in. Set all of them up even if you have no
QOj0fm0j0hE-00084-00037716-00038149 desire to use it, you know no one else is going to get it. Okay. Cruising down here.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00085-00038149-00038554 The next big one is Google Webmaster Tools. And that sounds really fancy
QOj0fm0j0hE-00086-00038554-00039025 doesn't it? Mm-hmm. No, it's just where Google is able to have a human
QOj0fm0j0hE-00087-00039025-00039538 connection again with your website. So, Webmaster Tools will tell you how often
QOj0fm0j0hE-00088-00039538-00039937 does Google come and index your page, are you being penalized? Will it give you all
QOj0fm0j0hE-00089-00039937-00040453 of the indicators that Google is looking for. Very important? And the Webmaster
QOj0fm0j0hE-00090-00040453-00040888 Tools is like your backstage pass to what Google thinks about your website.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00091-00040888-00041227 It's really important. And if your website goes down, you will immediately
QOj0fm0j0hE-00092-00041227-00041689 go to Webmaster Tools also called search console. Not sure why it has 2 names
QOj0fm0j0hE-00093-00041689-00042037 but it does. And that's where you'll go to figure out what the skinny is. Why am
QOj0fm0j0hE-00094-00042037-00042304 I not seeing my website? Have you been penalized? What's going on?
QOj0fm0j0hE-00095-00042304-00042747 You'll see it right there, it's great. Okay, Google Alerts. Another big one
QOj0fm0j0hE-00096-00042747-00043084 people have set up incorrectly. Google Alerts is you want to make sure
QOj0fm0j0hE-00097-00043084-00043561 google.com slash alerts that you them set up. Use quotes and put in all
QOj0fm0j0hE-00098-00043561-00043887 your names, all your brand assets, the whole nine yards. Make sure you got that
QOj0fm0j0hE-00099-00043887-00044361 set up. Google business page. So google.com slash business. Again, use your
QOj0fm0j0hE-00100-00044361-00044838 Gmail logins. Claim your business listing and make sure that you've tricked it out
QOj0fm0j0hE-00101-00044838-00045216 with all of your own images and all of your own content.  And another one, a
QOj0fm0j0hE-00102-00045216-00045651 big one is when is your domain expire. Like we said earlier, if you get down to
QOj0fm0j0hE-00103-00045651-00046008 the wire and there's like a month left on your domain, Google is not going to
QOj0fm0j0hE-00104-00046008-00046329 rank. It's going to hold it back and then it's going to say, "Okay, we'll wait and see
QOj0fm0j0hE-00105-00046329-00046786 if you upped up up your domain and then we'll we'll kick you back in." And then of
QOj0fm0j0hE-00106-00046786-00047379 course, claim your Glassdoor and your Yelp listings. If you're an employer, you
QOj0fm0j0hE-00107-00047379-00047766 have a Glassdoor account. You just need to go in and clean it. What happens if
QOj0fm0j0hE-00108-00047766-00048237 someone leaves, they flame all over Glassdoor it's not pretty. And I've seen
QOj0fm0j0hE-00109-00048237-00048618 some nasty stuff go down on Glassdoor. So, the reason they want you to get ahead of
QOj0fm0j0hE-00110-00048618-00048963 it is so you can protect the the narrative or the story that's happening
QOj0fm0j0hE-00111-00048963-00049341 around that negative talk. So, you get in there, you load all your pictures in
QOj0fm0j0hE-00112-00049341-00049674 there. In most case, you'll see a right under your corporate brand in search
QOj0fm0j0hE-00113-00049674-00049992 results under your name and you're just going to make sure that you go in there
QOj0fm0j0hE-00114-00049992-00050334 as a CEO or the owner, you make sure that that listing is exactly what you wanted
QOj0fm0j0hE-00115-00050334-00050814 to say and how you want to look. And then finally, Yelp. Make sure to opt to claim
QOj0fm0j0hE-00116-00050814-00051195 your Yelp account and go in there and again check it out just like you would
QOj0fm0j0hE-00117-00051195-00051649 your Google business listing or your Glassdoor. These assets are critical
QOj0fm0j0hE-00118-00051649-00052026 especially for word-of-mouth. I'm just googling you and I'm checking
QOj0fm0j0hE-00119-00052026-00052530 you out, these things will turn people. So, that is your brand protection toolkit.
QOj0fm0j0hE-00120-00052530-00053016 Download the document. The link is in the description and on the video. And if you
QOj0fm0j0hE-00121-00053016-00053437 love this kind of content like I do, subscribe to my channel, ring the bell
QOj0fm0j0hE-00122-00053437-00053829 that's right next to the subscribe button so you get notifications every
QOj0fm0j0hE-00123-00053829-00054223 day when I post a new video. Thanks for watching and we'll see you on the next
QOj0fm0j0hE-00124-00054223-00054441 video.
QPb4eR892Uy-00000-00000000-00000472 I entered the contest because I wanted to help people.
QPb4eR892Uy-00001-00002802-00003636 So my idea got a wakey-wakey app, which is my favorit. It is basically... it's
QPb4eR892Uy-00002-00003636-00004373 this app where I can put on a time and then it sets an alarm for it so and you can
QPb4eR892Uy-00003-00004373-00004865 choose if you want vibration or flashlight or both because like when I
QPb4eR892Uy-00004-00004865-00005573 usually put my implants on I get a bit of a shock because like mum's usually
QPb4eR892Uy-00005-00005573-00006037 making loud noises in the kitchen or something. And then I'm just like: wow
QPb4eR892Uy-00006-00006037-00006647 please keep your stuff what you're doing down. And so I thought it would be a good
QPb4eR892Uy-00007-00006647-00007225 idea to slowly turn the volume up for five minutes so I don't get shocked like I
QPb4eR892Uy-00008-00007225-00007840 would. Well I was thinking to be like a to do with like doctors and stuff I was
QPb4eR892Uy-00009-00007840-00008306 thinking maybe I could be a surgeon of some sort. Like a brain surgeon.
QPb4eR892Uy-00010-00008306-00008867 My dad is a doctor and I just like to help people.
QPb4eR892Uy-00011-00008867-00009440 And yes and that's me so...
QR_HWI484Yk-00000-00000000-00002690 Kamarkat is a Chewy Sticky Balls of Jaggery with Coconut or Peanut bits.  20 years or so this was available in Markets but we don't find this now
QR_HWI484Yk-00001-00002690-00005050 Jaggery 2 Cups, Roasted Peanuts 1 Tbsp, Coconut grated 1 Tbsp, water 1/2 Cup, Greased Plate
QR_HWI484Yk-00002-00005050-00007595 Pour water in the Jaggery and heat this until it completely dissolves
QR_HWI484Yk-00004-00012264-00014312 Now Jaggery is dissolved.  Strain to remove impurities
QR_HWI484Yk-00005-00015388-00017472 Boil the Jaggery Syrup until soft ball stage.  Cook this in Low Flame.  Keep on Stirring the mixture Often.  Check the Syrup in Cold water and it should form a ball
QR_HWI484Yk-00008-00034910-00036668 Now when it comes to the Soft ball stage remove from Stove and pour it in the Greased plate
QR_HWI484Yk-00011-00043574-00045604 Kamarkat / Hard Jaggery Ball is ready.  Try and Enjoy with your family.  Comment and Subscribe
QR_HWI484Yk-00012-00045604-00046932 Thanks for Watching
QU7BV4sdmyg-00000-00000053-00001394 3! 2! 1!
QU7BV4sdmyg-00001-00001394-00001898 This is a school that just breathes community. It says, let's work
QU7BV4sdmyg-00002-00001898-00002350 together. It has bright and inviting spaces that are open and
QU7BV4sdmyg-00003-00002350-00002708 the best part about it, as a long time educator, they don't have
QU7BV4sdmyg-00004-00002708-00003021 to look the same way, every day or every year. So they're flexible
QU7BV4sdmyg-00005-00003022-00003453 no matter what we're working on together as a community.
QU7BV4sdmyg-00006-00003454-00003804 And of course the theme of the bees, the buzz, you'll see that
QU7BV4sdmyg-00007-00003804-00004065 present all throughout the school as well. Each school has its
QU7BV4sdmyg-00008-00004065-00004450 own personality and there's a co-teaching model that happens
QU7BV4sdmyg-00009-00004450-00004730 here at Frost Lake. I didn't understand the term the way
QU7BV4sdmyg-00010-00004730-00005089 that it's used here coming in. What co-teaching means is that
QU7BV4sdmyg-00011-00005089-00005385 you have a classroom with multiple teachers and multiple learning
QU7BV4sdmyg-00012-00005385-00005826 opportunities. So, there will be a push-in for special education
QU7BV4sdmyg-00013-00005837-00006117 push-in for English language learning and that will happen in
QU7BV4sdmyg-00014-00006117-00006491 the same space as the larger class. And so what we were able
QU7BV4sdmyg-00015-00006491-00006922 to do was to create community spaces, neighborhoods for each
QU7BV4sdmyg-00016-00006922-00007306 grade level and then smaller classrooms as well. So that mixing
QU7BV4sdmyg-00017-00007306-00007626 and matching could occur based on the student's needs and having
QU7BV4sdmyg-00018-00007626-00007930 multiple varying spaces that could be used for those purposes.
QU7BV4sdmyg-00019-00007938-00008314 I've often asked why I stayed at Frost Lake and the simple answer
QU7BV4sdmyg-00020-00008314-00008764 is because I've been fortunate to work with supportive administrators
QU7BV4sdmyg-00021-00008778-00009100 and great teachers at the school. And of course, my favorite
QU7BV4sdmyg-00022-00009100-00009578 part of the remodel is the big new gym with an updated rubberized
QU7BV4sdmyg-00023-00009578-00009953 floor. It minimizes injury and it's also better for me standing
QU7BV4sdmyg-00024-00009953-00010502 on it. I'm hoping that the large gym and also this large field
QU7BV4sdmyg-00025-00010502-00010847 will help bring the community back a little bit. The building
QU7BV4sdmyg-00026-00010847-00011186 now truly reflects and reinforces Frost Lakes values, which
QU7BV4sdmyg-00027-00011186-00011663 are to be responsible, be respectful, be safe and to be a learner.
QU7BV4sdmyg-00028-00011675-00012058 As a building, our whole functionality has improved with a better
QU7BV4sdmyg-00029-00012058-00012476 cafeteria, one of the best kitchens in the entire district, a
QU7BV4sdmyg-00030-00012476-00012897 new gym. Um, you know, it's, it's been a game changer and just
QU7BV4sdmyg-00031-00012897-00013333 how we operate as a building in a really good way. So it's very
QU7BV4sdmyg-00032-00013333-00013916 exciting to be able to offer kids a really cohesive experience
QU7BV4sdmyg-00033-00013916-00014247 for their learning from the time they come in the morning until the  time they depart at the end of the day.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00000-00000236-00000296 >>> CAN YOU SMELL IT IN THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00001-00000296-00000303 >>> CAN YOU SMELL IT IN THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00002-00000303-00000333 >>> CAN YOU SMELL IT IN THE  AIR?
QWEjmoIrMLI-00003-00000333-00000340 AIR?  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00004-00000340-00000483 AIR? THE STATE SEMIFINALS IS HERE.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00005-00000483-00000490 THE STATE SEMIFINALS IS HERE.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00006-00000490-00000543 THE STATE SEMIFINALS IS HERE. AND FOR NEVIS, THEY ARE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00007-00000543-00000550 AND FOR NEVIS, THEY ARE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00008-00000550-00000620 AND FOR NEVIS, THEY ARE  LOOKING 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00009-00000620-00000627 LOOKING   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00010-00000627-00000730 LOOKING  TO GET TO THE PREP BOWL NEXT 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00011-00000730-00000737 TO GET TO THE PREP BOWL NEXT   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00012-00000737-00000874 TO GET TO THE PREP BOWL NEXT  WEEKEND FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00013-00000874-00000880 WEEKEND FOR THE FIRST TIME IN   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00014-00000880-00001027 WEEKEND FOR THE FIRST TIME IN  SCHOOL HISTORY.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00015-00001027-00001034 SCHOOL HISTORY.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00016-00001034-00001094 SCHOOL HISTORY. AND, OH, YEAH, BY THE WAY, 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00017-00001094-00001101 AND, OH, YEAH, BY THE WAY,   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00018-00001101-00001194 AND, OH, YEAH, BY THE WAY,  THEY 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00019-00001194-00001201 THEY   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00020-00001201-00001271 THEY  GET TO TAKE THE TURF AT U.S. 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00021-00001271-00001277 GET TO TAKE THE TURF AT U.S.   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00022-00001277-00001448 GET TO TAKE THE TURF AT U.S.  BANK STADIUM.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00023-00001448-00001454 BANK STADIUM.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00024-00001454-00001561 BANK STADIUM. STANDING IN THEIR WAY, THOUGH,
QWEjmoIrMLI-00025-00001561-00001568 STANDING IN THEIR WAY, THOUGH,  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00026-00001568-00001731 STANDING IN THEIR WAY, THOUGH, RUSSELL-TYLER-RUTHTON.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00027-00001731-00001738 RUSSELL-TYLER-RUTHTON.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00028-00001738-00001808 RUSSELL-TYLER-RUTHTON. BUCKLE UP FOR THE NINE-MAN 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00029-00001808-00001815 BUCKLE UP FOR THE NINE-MAN   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00030-00001815-00001988 BUCKLE UP FOR THE NINE-MAN  SEMIFINALS.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00031-00001988-00001995 SEMIFINALS.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00032-00001995-00002098 SEMIFINALS. TIGERS FORCE A THREE AND OUT.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00033-00002098-00002105 TIGERS FORCE A THREE AND OUT.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00034-00002105-00002182 TIGERS FORCE A THREE AND OUT. THEN FIRST OFFENSIVE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00035-00002182-00002188 THEN FIRST OFFENSIVE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00036-00002188-00002358 THEN FIRST OFFENSIVE  POSSESSION.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00037-00002358-00002365 POSSESSION.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00038-00002365-00002469 POSSESSION. KYLE SCHMITT PICKS UP WHERE HE
QWEjmoIrMLI-00039-00002469-00002475 KYLE SCHMITT PICKS UP WHERE HE  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00040-00002475-00002545 KYLE SCHMITT PICKS UP WHERE HE LEFT OFF LAST WEEK.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00041-00002545-00002552 LEFT OFF LAST WEEK.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00042-00002552-00002749 LEFT OFF LAST WEEK. 8-0 NEVIS.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00043-00002749-00002756 8-0 NEVIS.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00044-00002756-00002929 8-0 NEVIS. THEN A LITTLE DEFENSE LATER, 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00045-00002929-00002936 THEN A LITTLE DEFENSE LATER,   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00046-00002936-00002996 THEN A LITTLE DEFENSE LATER,  COOPER HANSEN TO PASS, BUT 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00047-00002996-00003002 COOPER HANSEN TO PASS, BUT   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00048-00003002-00003036 COOPER HANSEN TO PASS, BUT  LOOK 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00049-00003036-00003043 LOOK   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00050-00003043-00003193 LOOK  AT ZACH HENRY.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00051-00003193-00003199 AT ZACH HENRY.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00052-00003199-00003259 AT ZACH HENRY. WHAT AN ADJUSTMENT FOR THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00053-00003259-00003266 WHAT AN ADJUSTMENT FOR THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00054-00003266-00003403 WHAT AN ADJUSTMENT FOR THE  INT.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00055-00003403-00003410 INT.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00056-00003410-00003546 INT. TIGERS TAKE OVER.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00057-00003546-00003553 TIGERS TAKE OVER.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00058-00003553-00003610 TIGERS TAKE OVER. A LOT OF BIG PLAYS IN THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00059-00003610-00003616 A LOT OF BIG PLAYS IN THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00060-00003616-00003640 A LOT OF BIG PLAYS IN THE  FIRST 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00061-00003640-00003646 FIRST   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00062-00003646-00003777 FIRST  HALF.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00063-00003777-00003783 HALF.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00064-00003783-00004037 HALF. BUT THIS MAY BE THE BEST.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00065-00004037-00004044 BUT THIS MAY BE THE BEST.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00066-00004044-00004184 BUT THIS MAY BE THE BEST. JACK DEWULF TO LUKE DEWULF, 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00067-00004184-00004190 JACK DEWULF TO LUKE DEWULF,   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00068-00004190-00004294 JACK DEWULF TO LUKE DEWULF,  TURNS AN EIGHT-YARD OUT UP THE
QWEjmoIrMLI-00069-00004294-00004300 TURNS AN EIGHT-YARD OUT UP THE  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00070-00004300-00004461 TURNS AN EIGHT-YARD OUT UP THE FIELD, JUST TOYING WITH THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00071-00004461-00004467 FIELD, JUST TOYING WITH THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00072-00004467-00004571 FIELD, JUST TOYING WITH THE  DEFENDERS, AND OFF TO THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00073-00004571-00004577 DEFENDERS, AND OFF TO THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00074-00004577-00004941 DEFENDERS, AND OFF TO THE  RACES.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00075-00004941-00004948 RACES.    
QWEjmoIrMLI-00076-00004948-00005512 RACES.   NO ONE'S CATCHING HIM.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00077-00005512-00005518 NO ONE'S CATCHING HIM.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00078-00005518-00005555 NO ONE'S CATCHING HIM. SEE YOU LATER.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00079-00005555-00005562 SEE YOU LATER.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00080-00005562-00005615 SEE YOU LATER. IT'S A FOUR-SCORE LEAD.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00081-00005615-00005622 IT'S A FOUR-SCORE LEAD.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00082-00005622-00005672 IT'S A FOUR-SCORE LEAD. BUT THEY WEREN'T DONE.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00083-00005672-00005678 BUT THEY WEREN'T DONE.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00084-00005678-00005735 BUT THEY WEREN'T DONE. THIS TIME DEWULF KEEPS IT 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00085-00005735-00005742 THIS TIME DEWULF KEEPS IT   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00086-00005742-00005805 THIS TIME DEWULF KEEPS IT  HIMSELF, SNEAKS INTO THE END 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00087-00005805-00005812 HIMSELF, SNEAKS INTO THE END   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00088-00005812-00005949 HIMSELF, SNEAKS INTO THE END  ZONE, THEY ARE UP 32-8 AT THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00089-00005949-00005955 ZONE, THEY ARE UP 32-8 AT THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00090-00005955-00006189 ZONE, THEY ARE UP 32-8 AT THE  HALF.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00091-00006189-00006196 HALF.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00092-00006196-00006289 HALF. RTR CUT IT TO 16, BUT NEVIS 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00093-00006289-00006296 RTR CUT IT TO 16, BUT NEVIS   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00094-00006296-00006443 RTR CUT IT TO 16, BUT NEVIS  SCORES.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00095-00006443-00006449 SCORES.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00096-00006449-00006556 SCORES. THEN THIS, THE DAGGER, AND 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00097-00006556-00006563 THEN THIS, THE DAGGER, AND   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00098-00006563-00006813 THEN THIS, THE DAGGER, AND  AGAIN A PLAY ON DEFENSE.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00099-00006813-00006820 AGAIN A PLAY ON DEFENSE.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00100-00006820-00006916 AGAIN A PLAY ON DEFENSE. DEWULF -- STOP ME IF YOU'VE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00101-00006916-00006923 DEWULF -- STOP ME IF YOU'VE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00102-00006923-00007120 DEWULF -- STOP ME IF YOU'VE  SEEN THIS BEFORE.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00103-00007120-00007127 SEEN THIS BEFORE.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00104-00007127-00007240 SEEN THIS BEFORE. IT'S GOING THE OTHER WAY.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00105-00007240-00007247 IT'S GOING THE OTHER WAY.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00106-00007247-00007340 IT'S GOING THE OTHER WAY. TIGERS PICK OFF FOUR ON THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00107-00007340-00007347 TIGERS PICK OFF FOUR ON THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00108-00007347-00007490 TIGERS PICK OFF FOUR ON THE  GAME.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00109-00007490-00007497 GAME.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00110-00007497-00007667 GAME. THE OFFENSE PUTS UP 44 POINTS 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00111-00007667-00007674 THE OFFENSE PUTS UP 44 POINTS   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00112-00007674-00007734 THE OFFENSE PUTS UP 44 POINTS  AND WIN BY 28 TO ADVANCE TO 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00113-00007734-00007741 AND WIN BY 28 TO ADVANCE TO   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00114-00007741-00007761 AND WIN BY 28 TO ADVANCE TO  THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00115-00007761-00007767 THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00116-00007767-00007831 THE  PREP BOWL FOR THE FIRST TIME 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00117-00007831-00007837 PREP BOWL FOR THE FIRST TIME   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00118-00007837-00007861 PREP BOWL FOR THE FIRST TIME  IN 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00119-00007861-00007867 IN   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00120-00007867-00008548 IN  SCHOOL HISTORY.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00121-00008548-00008555 SCHOOL HISTORY.    
QWEjmoIrMLI-00122-00008555-00008578 SCHOOL HISTORY.   YOU 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00123-00008578-00008585 YOU   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00124-00008585-00008661 YOU  >> I THOUGHT WE PLAYED REALLY 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00125-00008661-00008668 >> I THOUGHT WE PLAYED REALLY   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00126-00008668-00008742 >> I THOUGHT WE PLAYED REALLY  WELL IN THE FIRST HALF.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00127-00008742-00008748 WELL IN THE FIRST HALF.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00128-00008748-00008848 WELL IN THE FIRST HALF. IT WAS IMPRESSIVE.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00129-00008848-00008855 IT WAS IMPRESSIVE.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00130-00008855-00009008 IT WAS IMPRESSIVE. WE GOT OFF TO OUR FIRST GOOD 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00131-00009008-00009015 WE GOT OFF TO OUR FIRST GOOD   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00132-00009015-00009038 WE GOT OFF TO OUR FIRST GOOD  START.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00133-00009038-00009045 START.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00134-00009045-00009092 START. DEFENSE PLAYED WELL.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00135-00009092-00009099 DEFENSE PLAYED WELL.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00136-00009099-00009325 DEFENSE PLAYED WELL. ABLE TO RUN THE BALL, CONTROL 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00137-00009325-00009332 ABLE TO RUN THE BALL, CONTROL   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00138-00009332-00009439 ABLE TO RUN THE BALL, CONTROL  THE TEMPO OF THE GAME FIRST 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00139-00009439-00009446 THE TEMPO OF THE GAME FIRST   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00140-00009446-00009469 THE TEMPO OF THE GAME FIRST  HALF.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00141-00009469-00009476 HALF.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00142-00009476-00009609 HALF. SECOND HALF I THOUGHT WE WERE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00143-00009609-00009616 SECOND HALF I THOUGHT WE WERE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00144-00009616-00009723 SECOND HALF I THOUGHT WE WERE  SLUGGISH THE FIRST FIVE, SIX 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00145-00009723-00009729 SLUGGISH THE FIRST FIVE, SIX   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00146-00009729-00009836 SLUGGISH THE FIRST FIVE, SIX  MINUTES, THEN WE KIND OF PUT 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00147-00009836-00009843 MINUTES, THEN WE KIND OF PUT   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00148-00009843-00009979 MINUTES, THEN WE KIND OF PUT  THEM AWAY PROBABLY LATE IN THE
QWEjmoIrMLI-00149-00009979-00009986 THEM AWAY PROBABLY LATE IN THE  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00150-00009986-00010060 THEM AWAY PROBABLY LATE IN THE THIRD QUARTER.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00151-00010060-00010066 THIRD QUARTER.    
QWEjmoIrMLI-00152-00010066-00010306 THIRD QUARTER.   >> I SAW THE BALL AND I KNEW I
QWEjmoIrMLI-00153-00010306-00010313 >> I SAW THE BALL AND I KNEW I  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00154-00010313-00010477 >> I SAW THE BALL AND I KNEW I HAD TO GET MY FEET, BECAUSE WE
QWEjmoIrMLI-00155-00010477-00010483 HAD TO GET MY FEET, BECAUSE WE  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00156-00010483-00010613 HAD TO GET MY FEET, BECAUSE WE NEEDED THE MOMENTUM BACK.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00157-00010613-00010620 NEEDED THE MOMENTUM BACK.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00158-00010620-00010673 NEEDED THE MOMENTUM BACK. CERTAINLY HELPED OUT.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00159-00010673-00010680 CERTAINLY HELPED OUT.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00160-00010680-00010817 CERTAINLY HELPED OUT. I THINK WE PUNCHED IT IN THAT 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00161-00010817-00010824 I THINK WE PUNCHED IT IN THAT   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00162-00010824-00010847 I THINK WE PUNCHED IT IN THAT  TIME.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00163-00010847-00010854 TIME.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00164-00010854-00010960 TIME. THE NEXT DRIVE AFTER THAT.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00165-00010960-00010967 THE NEXT DRIVE AFTER THAT.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00166-00010967-00011137 THE NEXT DRIVE AFTER THAT. SO IT HELPED US GET A STOP, 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00167-00011137-00011144 SO IT HELPED US GET A STOP,   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00168-00011144-00011314 SO IT HELPED US GET A STOP,  AND THEN HELPED US GET THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00169-00011314-00011321 AND THEN HELPED US GET THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00170-00011321-00011431 AND THEN HELPED US GET THE  MOMENTUM BACK.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00171-00011431-00011438 MOMENTUM BACK.    
QWEjmoIrMLI-00172-00011438-00011608 MOMENTUM BACK.   >> THE PAST FEW GAMES WE HAVE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00173-00011608-00011614 >> THE PAST FEW GAMES WE HAVE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00174-00011614-00011735 >> THE PAST FEW GAMES WE HAVE  BEEN DEPENDENT ON THE RUN, 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00175-00011735-00011741 BEEN DEPENDENT ON THE RUN,   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00176-00011741-00011841 BEEN DEPENDENT ON THE RUN,  COULDN'T GET THE PASS GAME 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00177-00011841-00011848 COULDN'T GET THE PASS GAME   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00178-00011848-00011871 COULDN'T GET THE PASS GAME  GOING.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00179-00011871-00011878 GOING.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00180-00011878-00011945 GOING. TODAY I FELT EVERYTHING WAS 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00181-00011945-00011951 TODAY I FELT EVERYTHING WAS   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00182-00011951-00011995 TODAY I FELT EVERYTHING WAS  WORKING FOR US.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00183-00011995-00012001 WORKING FOR US.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00184-00012001-00012175 WORKING FOR US. WE WERE ABLE TO RUN THE BALL 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00185-00012175-00012182 WE WERE ABLE TO RUN THE BALL   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00186-00012182-00012405 WE WERE ABLE TO RUN THE BALL  UP THE GUARD, RUN THE SWEEP 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00187-00012405-00012412 UP THE GUARD, RUN THE SWEEP   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00188-00012412-00012635 UP THE GUARD, RUN THE SWEEP  AND THEN OUR PASS PLAYS WERE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00189-00012635-00012642 AND THEN OUR PASS PLAYS WERE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00190-00012642-00012789 AND THEN OUR PASS PLAYS WERE  THERE, TOO.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00191-00012789-00012849 SCHOOL HISTORY.  1>> SO THE 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00192-00012849-00012856 SCHOOL HISTORY.  1>> SO THE   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00193-00012856-00012916 SCHOOL HISTORY.  1>> SO THE  PREP BOWL IS SET FOR NEXT 
QWEjmoIrMLI-00194-00012916-00012922 PREP BOWL IS SET FOR NEXT   
QWEjmoIrMLI-00195-00012922-00012969 PREP BOWL IS SET FOR NEXT  FRIDAY AT 10:00 A.M.
QWEjmoIrMLI-00196-00012969-00012976 FRIDAY AT 10:00 A.M.  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00197-00012976-00013039 FRIDAY AT 10:00 A.M. NEVIS WILL TAKE ON 13-0 SPRING
QWEjmoIrMLI-00198-00013039-00013046 NEVIS WILL TAKE ON 13-0 SPRING  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00199-00013046-00013196 NEVIS WILL TAKE ON 13-0 SPRING GROVE, WHO BEAT STEPHEN ARGYLE
QWEjmoIrMLI-00200-00013196-00013203 GROVE, WHO BEAT STEPHEN ARGYLE  
QWEjmoIrMLI-00201-00013203-00013329 GROVE, WHO BEAT STEPHEN ARGYLE 27-7 YESTERDAY.
QXoxXziQijg-00000-00000225-00000367 People have been crossing through this area
QXoxXziQijg-00001-00000367-00000511 since.... forever.
QXoxXziQijg-00002-00000511-00000695 A lot of the areas that we work are actually
QXoxXziQijg-00003-00000695-00000869 routes that people used to migrate through,
QXoxXziQijg-00004-00000869-00001075 seasonally -- a lot of the folks whose land
QXoxXziQijg-00005-00001075-00001262 this is: the Tohono O'Odham and Yaqui people.
QXoxXziQijg-00006-00001262-00001511 But more recently the whole idea is, you know...
QXoxXziQijg-00007-00001511-00001685 to get from Mexico to the US.
QXoxXziQijg-00008-00001877-00002067 I'm a volunteer with the organization
QXoxXziQijg-00009-00002067-00002143 No More Deaths.
QXoxXziQijg-00010-00002144-00002363 We are a non-hierarchical, consensus based
QXoxXziQijg-00011-00002363-00002731 group and we do humanitarian aid
QXoxXziQijg-00012-00002731-00002913 in the border regions.
QXoxXziQijg-00013-00002917-00003165 We put out water on known migrant trails.
QXoxXziQijg-00014-00003165-00003386 We also do search and rescue.
QXoxXziQijg-00015-00003386-00003629 We document abuses by border patrol and different
QXoxXziQijg-00016-00003629-00003985 organizations, and we also provide assistance
QXoxXziQijg-00017-00003990-00004189 to people who have been deported and provide
QXoxXziQijg-00018-00004189-00004413 harm reduction kits for people who are going
QXoxXziQijg-00019-00004413-00004549 to be crossing the desert.
QXoxXziQijg-00020-00004549-00004813 As we've expanded our work, we've expanded
QXoxXziQijg-00021-00004813-00005043 the areas we're working in, and that includes
QXoxXziQijg-00022-00005044-00005299 some of the areas in the west desert around
QXoxXziQijg-00023-00005299-00005579 Ajo Arizona where people are walking across
QXoxXziQijg-00024-00005579-00005791 Organ Pipe National Monument, into Cabeza
QXoxXziQijg-00025-00005791-00006053 Prieta National Wildlife Refuge and then across
QXoxXziQijg-00026-00006053-00006255 about 20 miles of active bombing range.
QXoxXziQijg-00027-00006297-00006479 The journey north has changed
QXoxXziQijg-00028-00006479-00006675 a lot in the last 15 years.
QXoxXziQijg-00029-00006677-00006956 The urban centers were sealed in the mid-90s,
QXoxXziQijg-00030-00006956-00007233 pushing people out into the geography of the desert.
QXoxXziQijg-00031-00007243-00007539 It's a very intentional strategy on the part
QXoxXziQijg-00032-00007539-00007859 of the US government and border patrol
QXoxXziQijg-00033-00007863-00008303 to increase human suffering and death along the
QXoxXziQijg-00034-00008303-00008549 border as an ostensible deterrent.
QXoxXziQijg-00035-00008549-00008827 Over the years we've also seen the areas we've
QXoxXziQijg-00036-00008827-00008991 done water drops and the areas that we've seen
QXoxXziQijg-00037-00008992-00009258 water drops moving have also become more remote.
QXoxXziQijg-00038-00009258-00009431 Essentially what we've done is we've mapped
QXoxXziQijg-00039-00009431-00009675 north-south trails and we'll drive roads
QXoxXziQijg-00040-00009679-00009809 and do drops.
QXoxXziQijg-00041-00009809-00010045 But a lot of the drops that are closer to
QXoxXziQijg-00042-00010045-00010263 roads we've just seen a really big uptick
QXoxXziQijg-00043-00010263-00010539 in vandalism, and we've also seen an increased
QXoxXziQijg-00044-00010539-00010851 amount of use in extremely remote areas.
QXoxXziQijg-00045-00010851-00011075 A lot of migrants get separated from their
QXoxXziQijg-00046-00011075-00011373 guides because the border patrol dusts them.
QXoxXziQijg-00047-00011373-00011793 A helicopter will come and fly very close
QXoxXziQijg-00048-00011793-00012081 to a group, people will scatter, get separated
QXoxXziQijg-00049-00012081-00012329 from their guides and in this manner get lost
QXoxXziQijg-00050-00012329-00012787 and frequently spend weeks walking in circles.
QXoxXziQijg-00051-00012787-00012947 Folks generally travel at night,
QXoxXziQijg-00052-00012947-00013147 the pace of the group is very quick.
QXoxXziQijg-00053-00013147-00013405 If folks can't keep up with the group
QXoxXziQijg-00054-00013405-00013541 they're frequently left behind.
QXoxXziQijg-00055-00013541-00013941 So a lot of the patients we get at camp are
QXoxXziQijg-00056-00013941-00014206 very close to death when we find them.
QXoxXziQijg-00057-00014206-00014393 There's also been an increase in militarization
QXoxXziQijg-00058-00014393-00014872 in the immigration enforcement in Mexico,
QXoxXziQijg-00059-00014872-00015153 so Mexico actually deported more Central Americans
QXoxXziQijg-00060-00015153-00015333 last year than the United States did.
QXoxXziQijg-00061-00015333-00015533 And part of that is with US support
QXoxXziQijg-00062-00015533-00015738 through Plan Frontera Sur.
QXoxXziQijg-00063-00015738-00016027 The United States is actually funding the Mexican government
QXoxXziQijg-00064-00016027-00016213 to implement border security
QXoxXziQijg-00065-00016213-00016404 on their southern border with Guatemala.
QXoxXziQijg-00066-00016404-00016619 I've talked to people who were riding the
QXoxXziQijg-00067-00016619-00016791 train and then to get around checkpoints walked
QXoxXziQijg-00068-00016791-00016991 for 8 or 9 days in Mexico.
QXoxXziQijg-00069-00016993-00017233 So by the time they get here they've often
QXoxXziQijg-00070-00017233-00017369 traveled for over a month.
QXoxXziQijg-00071-00017381-00017649 Being identified as a migrant in Mexico from
QXoxXziQijg-00072-00017649-00017991 further south makes people vulnerable to extortion,
QXoxXziQijg-00073-00017991-00018133 kidnapping and assault.
QXoxXziQijg-00074-00018133-00018535 I would say many of the women who have made
QXoxXziQijg-00075-00018535-00018869 it to the US-Mexican border experienced some
QXoxXziQijg-00076-00018869-00019225 form of traumatic violence during their journey.
QXoxXziQijg-00077-00019225-00019591 The goal is for people to have such a devastating
QXoxXziQijg-00078-00019591-00019862 and traumatic experience crossing that they
QXoxXziQijg-00079-00019862-00020044 are deterred from further attempts.
QXoxXziQijg-00080-00020044-00020335 It's very short-sighted and it does not take into
QXoxXziQijg-00081-00020335-00020655 account the reasons that people are migrating north
QXoxXziQijg-00082-00020677-00020877 A lot of reason that folks are coming from
QXoxXziQijg-00083-00020877-00021219 Central America have to do with US economic
QXoxXziQijg-00084-00021219-00021521 and foreign policy, now and in the past.
QXoxXziQijg-00085-00021521-00021699 One of the things that happens under the auspices
QXoxXziQijg-00086-00021699-00021963 of democracy-building, with things like Plan Frontera Sur
QXoxXziQijg-00087-00021975-00022145 or the Merida Initiative is that
QXoxXziQijg-00088-00022145-00022493 the US government is funding military, and
QXoxXziQijg-00089-00022507-00022833 via extension paramilitary in torture techniques
QXoxXziQijg-00090-00022833-00022983 and repression of social movements.
QXoxXziQijg-00091-00022983-00023325 So not only is it keeping people from traveling
QXoxXziQijg-00092-00023325-00023516 north to escape violence, it's actually creating
QXoxXziQijg-00093-00023516-00023677 and perpetuating more violence.
QXoxXziQijg-00094-00023677-00024005 If you look at the School of the Americas
QXoxXziQijg-00095-00024005-00024252 and the funding of the Mexican military to
QXoxXziQijg-00096-00024252-00024619 fight terrorism and to fight drugs, one of
QXoxXziQijg-00097-00024619-00024896 the groups, the Zetas, was initially an arm
QXoxXziQijg-00098-00024896-00025093 of the Mexican military and then they decided
QXoxXziQijg-00099-00025093-00025412 to break off and kind of took over the drug
QXoxXziQijg-00100-00025412-00025787 trade in Texas and in Matamoros and Tamaulipas,
QXoxXziQijg-00101-00025787-00026064 and they've become one of the most violent gangs
QXoxXziQijg-00102-00026064-00026217 And they were trained and funded and given
QXoxXziQijg-00103-00026217-00026387 guns by the US government.
QXoxXziQijg-00104-00026402-00026602 It's like a joint business venture between
QXoxXziQijg-00105-00026602-00026791 the US government and cartels.
QXoxXziQijg-00106-00026791-00027158 They have similar interests and they are exploiting
QXoxXziQijg-00107-00027158-00027385 vulnerable populations for money
QXoxXziQijg-00108-00027385-00027549 through different routes
QXoxXziQijg-00109-00027551-00027723 Cartels make money because people have to
QXoxXziQijg-00110-00027723-00027957 contract with them now to cross, and then
QXoxXziQijg-00111-00027958-00028243 the US government and private corporations
QXoxXziQijg-00112-00028243-00028555 make money by incarcerating undocumented people
QXoxXziQijg-00113-00028555-00028747 before deporting them.
QXoxXziQijg-00114-00028747-00028931 There's a group called the American Legislative
QXoxXziQijg-00115-00028931-00029302 Exchange Council comprised of Republican legislators
QXoxXziQijg-00116-00029302-00029557 and corporate interests and one of the corporations
QXoxXziQijg-00117-00029557-00029820 involved in this group is the Corrections
QXoxXziQijg-00118-00029827-00029975 Corporation of America, one of the largest
QXoxXziQijg-00119-00029975-00030141 private prison groups in the country.
QXoxXziQijg-00120-00030142-00030369 They got together and they wrote SB 10-70,
QXoxXziQijg-00121-00030369-00030679 which was the law in Arizona that got passed
QXoxXziQijg-00122-00030685-00030995 a few years ago that deputized police
QXoxXziQijg-00123-00030995-00031120 to check immigration status.
QXoxXziQijg-00124-00031122-00031264 We live in the border zone.
QXoxXziQijg-00125-00031264-00031535 Within 100 miles of the border police and
QXoxXziQijg-00126-00031535-00031689 border control have always had discretion
QXoxXziQijg-00127-00031689-00031820 to do whatever they want.
QXoxXziQijg-00128-00031820-00032041 But this kind of took that experience of the
QXoxXziQijg-00129-00032041-00032212 border lands and internalized it and expanded
QXoxXziQijg-00130-00032212-00032529 it to all of Arizona, and then with copycat
QXoxXziQijg-00131-00032529-00032837 laws that were passed, to other parts of the country
QXoxXziQijg-00132-00032837-00033003 It makes the risk of deportation
QXoxXziQijg-00133-00033003-00033095 that much higher.
QXoxXziQijg-00134-00033095-00033383 So if, y'know, an employer refuses to pay
QXoxXziQijg-00135-00033383-00033691 their employee and they wanna seek justice,
QXoxXziQijg-00136-00033697-00033965 it's really easy for an employer to just threaten
QXoxXziQijg-00137-00033965-00034047 calling ICE on them.
QXoxXziQijg-00138-00034047-00034173 And it creates an extremely,
QXoxXziQijg-00139-00034173-00034409 extremely vulnerable population.
QXoxXziQijg-00140-00034409-00034589 And that seems very intentional, because it
QXoxXziQijg-00141-00034589-00034765 definitely benefits a lot of companies who
QXoxXziQijg-00142-00034765-00034963 are able to exploit this group of people
QXoxXziQijg-00143-00034963-00035067 who are now here.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00000-00001219-00001408 My name is Pravin Narvekar
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00001-00001421-00001563 What do you repair?
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00002-00001621-00001882 I repair meters, cameras and watches.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00003-00002005-00002349 I have been working here for the past 25 years,
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00004-00002389-00002660 since the time I was in school and my father started this business.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00005-00002660-00002896 What kind of clients to you get?
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00006-00003022-00003277 All kinds. Most are motor mechanics.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00007-00003399-00003796 When someone comes to them for repairing speedometers, they bring those meters to me.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00008-00003796-00004021 Tourists also come with cameras.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00009-00004090-00004398 And what about meters? Those who can't afford new ones, come for repairs?
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00010-00004398-00004707 Most of them do get their meters repaired, a few don't feel the need.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00011-00004707-00005084 Those who maintain their bikes, they care to get their meters repaired.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00012-00005084-00005300 I see. These are meters for motor cycles as well as for other vehicles?
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00013-00005300-00005571 Yes. You can get the meters set as per your requirement
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00014-00005571-00005744 you have to just tell me in advance
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00015-00005744-00006129 since I dismantle them fully, and can adjust it again.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00016-00006141-00006255 You set it to start from zero?
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00017-00006255-00006522 Yes. It makes it easier for me to check.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00018-00006522-00006808 But I can set it as you want, I have no problem.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00019-00006808-00007115 For the repairs that you do, did you get any training, so just started like that?
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00020-00007115-00007281 No, I learnt from my father.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00021-00007281-00007450 By watching him work? - Yes.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00022-00007450-00007652 What's your formal education?
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00023-00007698-00007898 I have studied till first year of college.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00024-00007898-00008331 But this skill you have, you've learnt from watching? - Yes.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00025-00008941-00009064 What about the cameras?
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00026-00009064-00009382 Nowadays most are compact cameras, there are fewer SLRs.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00027-00009382-00009596 SLRs don't get damaged easily.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00028-00009704-00009973 With these compact cameras, if they fall or hit something,
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00029-00009973-00010290 or if sand goes inside, they get spoilt easily.
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00030-00010290-00010562 Is this the only such shop in Mapusa?
QXSBrKF-Mz0-00031-00010706-00011162 For meters at least, I'm the only one, nobody else repairs them.
QZnufTRZpKU-00000-00000308-00000440 The stronger waves caused
QZnufTRZpKU-00001-00000440-00000600 by hurricanes raging far out
QZnufTRZpKU-00002-00000600-00000689 at sea can build up
QZnufTRZpKU-00003-00000689-00000811 sandbars and create
QZnufTRZpKU-00004-00000811-00000999 dangerous inshore holes
QbLyx_yqZHA-00000-00000178-00000492 John Weinstein: Now, this is going to be a progress report.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00001-00000492-00000966 If you bothered to read the abstract that was submitted, it was very generic.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00002-00000966-00001216 It didn't have much in the way of data.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00003-00001216-00001707 But I'm happy to say that in the month or so since the abstracts were submitted, we
QbLyx_yqZHA-00004-00001707-00002499 have, in fact, made great progress, and I'll try to describe some of that for you today.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00005-00002499-00002858 First of all, a few facts about bladder cancer.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00006-00002858-00003569 Ninety percent over age 55, half over age 73; four times more likely to occur in men
QbLyx_yqZHA-00007-00003569-00003707 than in women.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00008-00003707-00004271 The lifetime risk for men is 1 in 27, for women 1 in 85.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00009-00004271-00004647 It's the fourth most common cancer in men.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00010-00004647-00005230 And the U.S. spends $2.2 billion dollars a year in health care for bladder cancer patients,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00011-00005230-00005619 compared with $1.4 billion for prostate cancer.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00012-00005619-00006210 If that isn't a blatant cry for attention and for funding, then I don't know how to
QbLyx_yqZHA-00013-00006210-00006328 do it differently.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00014-00006328-00006834 But it was surprising to me that that is, in fact, the case.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00015-00006834-00007447 Low grade tumors are superficial, less likely to invade and metastasize, frequently reappear
QbLyx_yqZHA-00016-00007447-00008013 after resection but are amenable to therapy and the mortality rate is quite low.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00017-00008013-00008681 In contrast, high grade, as you would expect, has a propensity to invade and metastasize.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00018-00008681-00009459 The mortality is high while when it is invasive; good response to treatment if detected early.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00019-00009459-00009850 In terms of the TNM staging, this picture says it all.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00020-00009850-00010643 The focus of this project is muscle invasive form of the disease; that is, stage two to
QbLyx_yqZHA-00021-00010643-00010917 stage four.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00022-00010917-00011782 Muscle invasive bladder cancer is -- 15 to 20 percent of patients with the early stage
QbLyx_yqZHA-00023-00011782-00012411 progressed muscle invasive, but 80 percent of patients with muscle invasive cancer have
QbLyx_yqZHA-00024-00012411-00012773 presented de novo with those late stages.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00025-00012773-00013140 Distant metastases are most common cause of treatment failure.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00026-00013140-00013615 They appear to be present at the time of cystectomy, and they occur in 40 to 50 percent within
QbLyx_yqZHA-00027-00013615-00013786 two years without additional therapy.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00028-00013786-00014350 So, in other words, this disease is not as familiar to many of us as prostate cancer,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00029-00014350-00014993 breast cancer, but it is a major killer and poses a considerable problem for us in terms
QbLyx_yqZHA-00030-00014993-00015144 of therapy.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00031-00015144-00015761 Cisplatin based multi-agent chemotherapy is the standard of care, both for neoadjuvant
QbLyx_yqZHA-00032-00015761-00016322 therapy prior to cystectomy and for the treatment of measurable metastatic disease.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00033-00016322-00016820 Surprisingly, perhaps, there have been no new FDA-approved drugs for muscle invasive
QbLyx_yqZHA-00034-00016820-00017129 bladder cancer in over two decades.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00035-00017129-00017973 What we see in terms of the survival statistics is suggested by these two plots, one comparing
QbLyx_yqZHA-00036-00017973-00018799 neoadjuvant and control, and the other metastatic disease treated either with Gemcitabine Cisplatin
QbLyx_yqZHA-00037-00018799-00019168 or with another Cisplatin-based regime.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00038-00019168-00019566 And the basic message here is that there are a percentage who do pretty well with this
QbLyx_yqZHA-00039-00019566-00020186 disease after muscle invasion, but we don't really know very much about the 20 percent
QbLyx_yqZHA-00040-00020186-00020454 who do and the 80 percent who don't.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00041-00020454-00021084 Now TCGA's projects obviously aren't set up and designed to answer that particular question,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00042-00021084-00021669 but one can hope that the kinds of molecular information we're developing will be helpful,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00043-00021669-00022190 at least at the level of clues, if not statistics, in arriving at better therapy.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00044-00022190-00022590 Now here are the leaders of the working group.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00045-00022590-00022861 Seth and I are the co-chairs.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00046-00022861-00023214 I would like to emphasize the role of the coordinators.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00047-00023214-00023656 First of all, Chad Creighton, who's done a superb job of rounding up the data; he's,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00048-00023656-00024315 in the terminology, the data wrangler, and had also provided much of the material for
QbLyx_yqZHA-00049-00024315-00024434 this presentation.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00050-00024434-00025153 Also, Rehan Akbani, on the analysis side, has done a fine job, as has Maggi Sheth.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00051-00025153-00025661 Among her 20 different tumor types [laughs] that she's handling, she has somehow found
QbLyx_yqZHA-00052-00025661-00026372 time to do a remarkably good job with us.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00053-00026372-00026850 Manuscript coordinator is Maggi -- sorry for the spelling, there's no "e" on Maggi -- Morgan
QbLyx_yqZHA-00054-00026850-00027238 from Baylor, who has helped us to put together text.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00055-00027238-00027820 And then when we saw early on from the first 28 samples, as a result of work by Jaegil
QbLyx_yqZHA-00056-00027820-00028514 Kim and co-workers that the chromatin remodeling was a major theme in bladder cancer as it
QbLyx_yqZHA-00057-00028514-00028870 was in renal cancer and as it's appeared in the other cancer types.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00058-00028870-00029527 We established a special subgroup for chromatin remodeling studies under David, Jonathan,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00059-00029527-00029777 and Peter.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00060-00029777-00030255 Of course there is a much larger group who have been involved one way or another in this
QbLyx_yqZHA-00061-00030255-00030355 working group.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00062-00030355-00030826 I must say that the same is with other working groups, some have really been working, some
QbLyx_yqZHA-00063-00030826-00031447 have been deeply involved, and others have been less so.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00064-00031447-00031770 Clinical data, then, on the TCGA samples per se.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00065-00031770-00032413 Again, as I said, muscle invasive urothelial cancer allowing mixed histology up to 9 percent.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00066-00032413-00032949 A hundred and twenty-six samples in the data freeze that we are intending for the marker
QbLyx_yqZHA-00067-00032949-00033425 paper; 153 qualified, 138 in the pipeline.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00068-00033425-00033815 When I say that we're intending for the freeze, this is little different from what you've
QbLyx_yqZHA-00069-00033815-00034275 seen with respect to other projects because we haven't gotten to our first data freeze,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00070-00034275-00034538 and I'll come back to that in just a moment.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00071-00034538-00034974 In terms of gender: males 72 percent, females 28 percent.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00072-00034974-00035188 Caucasians, 85 percent.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00073-00035188-00035459 Median age 69 with a wide spread.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00074-00035459-00036041 And follow-up, highly variable, but with a median of 209 days.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00075-00036041-00036722 In terms of the events, 10 progressed, 35 deaths for 126 patients; progression was out
QbLyx_yqZHA-00076-00036722-00036983 of the 31.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00077-00036983-00037619 Staging shown here, you'll see that the majority were stage three and no negative.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00078-00037619-00038193 There is one who's listed as stage one, and exactly what the status of that particular
QbLyx_yqZHA-00079-00038193-00038823 sample in relation to this study is awaiting pathology review.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00080-00038823-00039246 Here is the incidents of regional node involvement.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00081-00039246-00039756 Most, as I said, are node negative.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00082-00039756-00040415 And here the AJCC stages, pretty much evenly divided among stages two to four.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00083-00040415-00040925 Smoking history is important in bladder cancer, as in several of the other cancer types, or
QbLyx_yqZHA-00084-00040925-00041056 I guess all the cancer types.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00085-00041056-00041766 Out of the 126 patients, as you'll see, the most common were reformed smokers for more
QbLyx_yqZHA-00086-00041766-00042501 than 15 years, or at least those who claimed to be reformed smokers for more than 15 years.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00087-00042501-00042766 So the status of the project.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00088-00042766-00043303 Accrual was a limiting factor, but recently accelerated thanks to hard work and cracking
QbLyx_yqZHA-00089-00043303-00043908 of the whip by Kenna and Seth Lerner, who provided much of the material that I've described
QbLyx_yqZHA-00090-00043908-00044336 to you on the clinical aspects of this project.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00091-00044336-00044793 We had a productive face-to-face meeting in Houston in October; that is, last month.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00092-00044793-00045200 I'll come back to that at the end of the talk.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00093-00045200-00045725 The data freeze at 126 samples with the plus normals was decided upon; it will probably
QbLyx_yqZHA-00094-00045725-00045909 be in about two weeks.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00095-00045909-00046454 The SNP calls are the last -- and validations are the last things to come in, along with
QbLyx_yqZHA-00096-00046454-00046905 the pathology of reevaluation.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00097-00046905-00047338 This is a little different from what you've seen from other sorts of projects; even the
QbLyx_yqZHA-00098-00047338-00047810 thyroid project at least had a month or so after the first data freeze.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00099-00047810-00048380 We decided that in order to move things along quickly that we would do as much as we could
QbLyx_yqZHA-00100-00048380-00048913 toward the marker paper and toward mature analysis as early as possible, even if we
QbLyx_yqZHA-00101-00048913-00049450 knew that we didn't have the final datasets.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00102-00049450-00050033 So the data analyses presented here will be what in the world of clinical trials might
QbLyx_yqZHA-00103-00050033-00050256 be called an "interim look."
QbLyx_yqZHA-00104-00050256-00050705 You'll be seeing them on all the data slides with the term "preliminary analysis," which
QbLyx_yqZHA-00105-00050705-00051270 is meant to signal to you that there is more mature information to come.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00106-00051270-00051710 We are making fast progress on the marker paper, and I will describe that to you later.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00107-00051710-00051898 So onto the data.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00108-00051898-00052564 Here is what you will recognize is the usual MutSig significantly mutated gene compendium.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00109-00052564-00053461 I will point out MML2, which will come back in later part of the discussion.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00110-00053461-00054179 TP53, KDM6A, ARID1A, other familiar genes that you've seen with other tumor types are
QbLyx_yqZHA-00111-00054179-00054485 frequently mutated.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00112-00054485-00054961 Here is the -- are the GISTIC calls, and again, I will just leave this up for a moment.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00113-00054961-00055366 I'm not going to try to describe it in detail since it is interim, but you'll see again
QbLyx_yqZHA-00114-00055366-00055802 some of our old favorites represented here.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00115-00055802-00056122 Here is an unsupervised clustering of the methylation data.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00116-00056122-00056562 You'll see that there seem to be four categories here.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00117-00056562-00057276 It was given to us as unsupervised, and I would have to ask Peter whether it is representative
QbLyx_yqZHA-00118-00057276-00058132 of all of the genes or genes unbiased filtered or not, but in any case, this is the clustering
QbLyx_yqZHA-00119-00058132-00058260 as it came up.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00120-00058260-00058746 As I say on the lower right hand of the slides you'll see a best attempt to give credit where
QbLyx_yqZHA-00121-00058746-00058951 credit is due.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00122-00058951-00059608 An mRNA analysis based on subtypes showing apparently three, this is definitely a supervised
QbLyx_yqZHA-00123-00059608-00060053 analysis by Yuexin Liu and Wei Zhang.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00124-00060053-00060623 And also here is -- and I'm sorry this is mislabeled, it's not SuperCluster, it's mRNA
QbLyx_yqZHA-00125-00060623-00061185 clustering supervised in relation to gene ontology terms.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00126-00061185-00061576 On the right -- and I'm sorry this didn't come out well in the reproduction -- are the
QbLyx_yqZHA-00127-00061576-00062445 FDRs for the ability of genes in each of these GO categories to distinguish between these
QbLyx_yqZHA-00128-00062445-00062860 two apparent clusters of samples.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00129-00062860-00063216 This is from Katie Hoadley and Billy Kim.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00130-00063216-00063688 Here is unsupervised consensus clustering of the microRNA data; you've seen this kind
QbLyx_yqZHA-00131-00063688-00064102 of figure before in the other talks and previously.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00132-00064102-00064883 Seem to be most likely four different clusters by this analysis from the British Columbia
QbLyx_yqZHA-00133-00064883-00065144 Group.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00134-00065144-00065948 Here is a clustering of the RPPA data, principally by Rehan Akbani.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00135-00065948-00066329 You'll see at the top, which you could probably -- some of you in the front will be able to
QbLyx_yqZHA-00136-00066329-00066881 make out but I don't want to stress it -- are bars which represent the relationship between
QbLyx_yqZHA-00137-00066881-00067585 this clustering and a number of both technical batch effect possibilities to explain clusters
QbLyx_yqZHA-00138-00067585-00068030 and then other sorts of analysis that have been done.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00139-00068030-00068599 This is represented on the poster that you probably saw yesterday.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00140-00068599-00069256 Here is the SuperCluster result; that's a new algorithm that Rehan developed for putting
QbLyx_yqZHA-00141-00069256-00070002 together information from a number of different types of data, in this case mutation, microRNA,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00142-00070002-00070427 copy number, DNA methylation, mRNA, RPPA.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00143-00070427-00071112 It shows, if you stretch the imagination a bit, two to three clusters, but not really
QbLyx_yqZHA-00144-00071112-00071679 a dramatically good correspondence among the different types of information in terms of
QbLyx_yqZHA-00145-00071679-00072346 what they're suggesting about the categories of these samples.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00146-00072346-00072887 Here is a vignette on fusion protein.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00147-00072887-00073452 This is FGFR3 TACC3 from Roger's laboratory.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00148-00073452-00074025 Hsiao-ping Hsu has similar data showing this kind of fusion protein.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00149-00074025-00074527 In fact, there are a large number of fusion proteins that have shown up that remain to
QbLyx_yqZHA-00150-00074527-00075140 be validated and what I'm showing you here is just an example and a prominent example
QbLyx_yqZHA-00151-00075140-00075388 of such fusions.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00152-00075388-00075913 Splice variation is a significant feature of these datasets.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00153-00075913-00076669 This is an analysis due to Mike Ryan using his elegant SpliceSeq program package.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00154-00076669-00077391 In this case, it's showing the splice variation in CD44; that is, exon skip in heavy smokers
QbLyx_yqZHA-00155-00077391-00077542 as opposed to non-smokers.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00156-00077542-00077873 Here are the statistics compiled by that program.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00157-00077873-00078606 What you see in red is the heavy smokers, green is the non-smokers, and there is an
QbLyx_yqZHA-00158-00078606-00079043 exon skip event which is prominent in the smokers but not the non-smokers.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00159-00079043-00079808 Again, there are many different apparent splice variations that show up.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00160-00079808-00080208 Some interesting stories in that for future tellings.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00161-00080208-00080540 Viral integration is significant in this case.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00162-00080540-00080865 This is from an analysis by Hsiao-ping Hsu.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00163-00080865-00081394 Four samples have integration sites for four different viruses: HPV16, which is, of course,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00164-00081394-00082042 important for cervical and other cancers; 45 and 56 variants; and also BK.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00165-00082042-00082490 This is from the first 85 samples ready for analysis.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00166-00082490-00083218 Other three samples with viral sequences don't have any detected integration sites.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00167-00083218-00083520 That's for HPV6 and CMV.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00168-00083520-00084151 Now you'll note that in a couple of cases DEC1 is the integration site.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00169-00084151-00084935 I, as an aside, will point out to you a problem if you are laundering your datasets on genes
QbLyx_yqZHA-00170-00084935-00085143 at any time through Excel.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00171-00085143-00085932 Excel, in its infinite wisdom, will turn DEC1 into 1-DEC, thinking it's a date.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00172-00085932-00086538 This is irreversible, you can't retrieve the original form, and it's hard to get around
QbLyx_yqZHA-00173-00086538-00087275 if, for example, you're cutting and pasting into Excel, even if you try to format the
QbLyx_yqZHA-00174-00087275-00087499 fields in Excel appropriately.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00175-00087499-00088004 There are about 30 genes we found a while back that have this problem in Excel, so they
QbLyx_yqZHA-00176-00088004-00088511 may be lost to your searches forever if you're not cognizant of the fact.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00177-00088511-00089091 Incidentally, this program package, VirusSeq, principally from Hsiao-ping Hsu just came
QbLyx_yqZHA-00178-00089091-00089465 out a few days ago in Bioinformatics, so you may not have seen it yet.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00179-00089465-00089737 It is useful.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00180-00089737-00090393 There's another set of viral integration studies being done by Raju's group.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00181-00090393-00090676 There will be others, I assume.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00182-00090676-00090925 So chromatin remodeling.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00183-00090925-00091316 This is a very interesting story that has developed.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00184-00091316-00091883 I don't know how exactly to give the credit to the working group except to show you the
QbLyx_yqZHA-00185-00091883-00092586 title from Toshi's slide, which you can still see today, represents individuals from a number
QbLyx_yqZHA-00186-00092586-00092731 of institutions.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00187-00092731-00093144 In case you can't read it, here it is in large print.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00188-00093144-00093532 Peter Laird is the senior partner in that effort.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00189-00093532-00094120 I'm going to show you just a bit of it, it's too complex a story to go into in depth.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00190-00094120-00094636 Here what you see is epigenetic modifiers mutated in more than three samples out of
QbLyx_yqZHA-00191-00094636-00094856 the 100 analyzed up to that point.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00192-00094856-00095450 You will see, again, if you peruse the labels on the left, if you can see them in the front,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00193-00095450-00096276 there are some old favorites: ARID1A, MLL2, MLL3 among them.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00194-00096276-00096817 And here are the five that reached significance by statistical criteria.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00195-00096817-00097563 Obviously, these are not all that may, in fact, be significantly mutated if we have
QbLyx_yqZHA-00196-00097563-00097768 larger sample size.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00197-00097768-00098352 I'm going to be focusing on MLL2 since that's a novel story.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00198-00098352-00099086 MLL2 mutation has not previously been reported in bladder cancer specifically.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00199-00099086-00099463 So here is the information on MLL2.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00200-00099463-00100018 It's a complex and very interesting story that involves, for example, a difference between
QbLyx_yqZHA-00201-00100018-00100574 methylation of the body, of the gene, and of the promoter region of the gene.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00202-00100574-00101132 Rather than trying to tell you that story, this is information that is, again, on the
QbLyx_yqZHA-00203-00101132-00101417 poster that is presented by Toshi.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00204-00101417-00101923 You can look at it, talk with Peter, or talk with Toshi about it in detail.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00205-00101923-00102625 And finally, and on the data slides, this is our draft pathway figure put together by
QbLyx_yqZHA-00206-00102625-00102759 Chad Creighton.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00207-00102759-00103041 You'll recognize the format of it.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00208-00103041-00103456 Again, I'm not going to try to go through it in detail given the time available, but
QbLyx_yqZHA-00209-00103456-00104380 you will see that it involves the p53/Rb pathway, the RTK/RAS/PI3K pathway, histone modifications,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00210-00104380-00104899 which are part of the chromatin story, and so forth.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00211-00104899-00105502 Well, that's -- those are the kinds of data that are being rapidly developed even before
QbLyx_yqZHA-00212-00105502-00105602 our data freeze.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00213-00105602-00106160 What I would like to do in closing is to say just a few words about how we're approaching
QbLyx_yqZHA-00214-00106160-00106359 writing the marker paper.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00215-00106359-00106961 It's an idiosyncratic approach in some ways, and it may, as a story, be useful to other
QbLyx_yqZHA-00216-00106961-00107507 groups who are approaching that task, or perhaps other groups who've already had the experience
QbLyx_yqZHA-00217-00107507-00107793 can tell us why we're wrong in the way we're doing it.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00218-00107793-00108195 As I said, accrual was slow, accelerated recently.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00219-00108195-00108639 We wanted to get as fast a start as we could toward the marker paper as soon as a reasonable
QbLyx_yqZHA-00220-00108639-00109278 amount of the data, the majority of the data for the freeze was -- were available.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00221-00109278-00109966 So what we did last month at our workshop was to ask for volunteers to write sections
QbLyx_yqZHA-00222-00109966-00110593 of the paper and volunteers to lead in developing the figures for the paper.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00223-00110593-00111191 We don't want these to be cookie-cutter papers, but on the other hand, if you go back through
QbLyx_yqZHA-00224-00111191-00111514 the papers published to date, there are certain common features.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00225-00111514-00111997 There's a section of text and an accompanying figure on mutation and copy number.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00226-00111997-00112269 There's a section on expression, et cetera.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00227-00112269-00112919 So, in fact, four out of five of the figures fit a stereotype as to what kinds of information
QbLyx_yqZHA-00228-00112919-00113094 one wants to include.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00229-00113094-00113652 And similarly, I went back through the text of the papers, counted the words that were
QbLyx_yqZHA-00230-00113652-00114204 devoted and the sections that were there for various pieces that canonically appear in
QbLyx_yqZHA-00231-00114204-00114811 the marker papers, and then we assigned those, or the people self-assigned themselves, to
QbLyx_yqZHA-00232-00114811-00115003 be responsible for turning those in.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00233-00115003-00115818 And, in fact, within a few days of the time that we put the screws to them to have it
QbLyx_yqZHA-00234-00115818-00116330 ready, and this took us up to yesterday, we, in fact, got all the contributions in terms
QbLyx_yqZHA-00235-00116330-00117117 of draft sections of the paper and draft figures for four out of five figures for the paper.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00236-00117117-00117932 The fact that we had word counts and assigned reasonably approximate word counts meant that
QbLyx_yqZHA-00237-00117932-00118517 it freed those who were developing these sections from having to write pages and pages, supplements
QbLyx_yqZHA-00238-00118517-00119205 to come later, and this task seems, to this point at least, to have gone very smoothly.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00239-00119205-00119761 So now the next stage when we get the actual data freeze will be to update the analyses
QbLyx_yqZHA-00240-00119761-00120369 and then to perform the task of integrating all of them and integrating the text so that
QbLyx_yqZHA-00241-00120369-00120843 it doesn't look as thought it was written by a committee or by disparate individuals.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00242-00120843-00121465 So, with that, I will stop, and be glad to take questions.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00243-00121465-00121763 We have a few minutes left for questions.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00244-00121763-00121907 [applause]
QbLyx_yqZHA-00245-00121907-00122483 Male Speaker: Thanks, John.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00246-00122483-00122790 That was a great talk.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00247-00122790-00123292 In other cancers, the presence of a virus is occasionally being linked to a specific
QbLyx_yqZHA-00248-00123292-00123392 mutation spectrum.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00249-00123392-00123833 So I wondered, in this case, if you have seen a difference in mutation spectrum in those
QbLyx_yqZHA-00250-00123833-00124008 cases with virus present?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00251-00124008-00124276 John Weinstein: That's an interesting question.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00252-00124276-00124442 Is Hsiao-ping here?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00253-00124442-00124971 Gaddy Getz: [inaudible] that was the original finding
QbLyx_yqZHA-00254-00124971-00125433 that we described a long time ago.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00255-00125433-00126357 It was found, this signature, and then suggested that bladder cancer had virus [inaudible].
QbLyx_yqZHA-00256-00126357-00126681 Matthew Meyerson: Yeah, so, as Gaddy says, that's actually the
QbLyx_yqZHA-00257-00126681-00127092 finding that led us to find viruses in the bladder cancer.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00258-00127092-00127192 John Weinstein: Yeah.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00259-00127192-00127293 Male Speaker: Yeah, so --
QbLyx_yqZHA-00260-00127293-00127530 John Weinstein: Yeah, as I suggested, multiple groups have
QbLyx_yqZHA-00261-00127530-00128194 been looking at this, and glad to say that maybe for once the results appear to be quite
QbLyx_yqZHA-00262-00128194-00128294 concordant.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00263-00128294-00128660 Matthew Meyerson: So, John, I actually wanted to ask about a
QbLyx_yqZHA-00264-00128660-00128949 different finding, which is the report of CDKN1A mutations --
QbLyx_yqZHA-00265-00128949-00129064 John Weinstein: Yes.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00266-00129064-00129682 Matthew Meyerson: So CDKN1A encoding P21 is, you know, one of
QbLyx_yqZHA-00267-00129682-00130241 the sort of growth suppressive genes that's never been seen before to be mutated in cancer,
QbLyx_yqZHA-00268-00130241-00130651 and I wonder if you can comment on the nature of those mutations, if they look like tumor
QbLyx_yqZHA-00269-00130651-00131323 suppressor mutations, and if they're mutually exclusive with P53 mutations or not?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00270-00131323-00131503 John Weinstein: Yeah, Jaegil, are you here?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00271-00131503-00131976 Is someone from that group who's looked at those data closely?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00272-00131976-00132911 Male Speaker: [inaudible] Yeah, CDKN1A is the mostly truncating
QbLyx_yqZHA-00273-00132911-00133403 mutation, so it's a loss-of-function mutations, but we couldn't find a significant mutually
QbLyx_yqZHA-00274-00133403-00133686 exclusivity difference between CDKN1A and TP53.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00275-00133686-00134167 John Weinstein: Any other questions?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00276-00134167-00134448 Okay, we're ahead of schedule.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00277-00134448-00134548 Sorry, yes?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00278-00134548-00134808 Female Speaker: Can you just briefly comment on the frequency
QbLyx_yqZHA-00279-00134808-00135109 of the structural variation in FGF [unintelligible]?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00280-00135109-00135396 John Weinstein: To comment on the frequency?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00281-00135396-00135900 Female Speaker: Yeah, do -- is very frequent, very rare?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00282-00135900-00136371 Male Speaker: [inaudible] Let me answer the question.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00283-00136371-00137055 Right now, it's three out of 85.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00284-00137055-00137349 John Weinstein: Yeah.
QbLyx_yqZHA-00285-00137349-00137454 Other questions?
QbLyx_yqZHA-00286-00137454-00137782 All right, we are a couple minutes ahead of schedule.
QbO4tKyxw2c-00000-00000160-00000444 Hello this is Tomomi, Pro Trial Rider from Japan
QbO4tKyxw2c-00001-00000496-00000816 I have a big news for you today
QbO4tKyxw2c-00002-00000868-00001400 I've already posted on SNS, so most of my followers may already know about this
QbO4tKyxw2c-00003-00001428-00001584 So now...
QbO4tKyxw2c-00004-00001639-00001812 Tomomi Nishikubo...
QbO4tKyxw2c-00005-00001839-00002208 Joined an official team!
QbO4tKyxw2c-00006-00002296-00002680 I am also surprising by myself.
QbO4tKyxw2c-00007-00002716-00003288 The team is run by an agency called RASOULUTION located in Munchi, Germany
QbO4tKyxw2c-00008-00003320-00004032 This agency is providing management business for professional bicycle riders over the world
QbO4tKyxw2c-00009-00004068-00004628 Also authorizing bicycle events,
QbO4tKyxw2c-00010-00004628-00005188 Such as collaborating with Red Bull to create new events
QbO4tKyxw2c-00011-00005216-00005608 But this might be an easiest way to explain about this agency...
QbO4tKyxw2c-00012-00005608-00005912 You may know Danny McAskill?
QbO4tKyxw2c-00013-00005924-00006168 Or maybe Fabio Wibmer?
QbO4tKyxw2c-00014-00006168-00006678 These famous worldwide top riders are also supported by this agency
QbO4tKyxw2c-00015-00006740-00007331 Somehow, I, Tomomi Nishikubo is joining this team now
QbO4tKyxw2c-00016-00007380-00007664 So... (can't find words lol)
QbO4tKyxw2c-00017-00007692-00007876 It's really surprising thing
QbO4tKyxw2c-00018-00007884-00008264 Let me explain the background story
QbO4tKyxw2c-00019-00008292-00008656 I got contacted by them about two months ago
QbO4tKyxw2c-00020-00008688-00009144 It was a few weeks later after released my riding video "Chase Her"
QbO4tKyxw2c-00021-00009160-00009748 I got a DM from the boss of the RASOULUTION on Instagram
QbO4tKyxw2c-00022-00009768-00010200 He says, "I'm conducting a business to support managing bicycle riders"
QbO4tKyxw2c-00023-00010200-00010692 "I watched your video, and really attracted your skillful riding"
QbO4tKyxw2c-00024-00010708-00011208 "And also unique sense to express how fun is the bicycle ridings"
QbO4tKyxw2c-00025-00011216-00011516 "I'd like to talk with you"
QbO4tKyxw2c-00026-00011516-00011888 Then we met on Zoom conference
QbO4tKyxw2c-00027-00011980-00012376 I felt he is really good boss and it's really good company
QbO4tKyxw2c-00028-00012400-00013108 Some of other company members also joined the Zoom conference and introduced themselves
QbO4tKyxw2c-00029-00013172-00013544 They are truly "Athlete First"
QbO4tKyxw2c-00030-00013552-00014236 I can understand why Danny and Fabio are supported for a long time by this agency
QbO4tKyxw2c-00031-00014396-00015004 Mr. Tarek, the boss of RASOULUTION also used to be a pro athlete rider
QbO4tKyxw2c-00032-00015008-00015376 But unfortunately he got injury and paralyzed down his legs...
QbO4tKyxw2c-00033-00015388-00015856 Then now concentrated on this management business
QbO4tKyxw2c-00034-00015872-00016224 But because of where he is from,
QbO4tKyxw2c-00035-00016236-00016732 He is really good understanding of my anxious and helps making it clear
QbO4tKyxw2c-00036-00016732-00017664 I'm really impressed that they can support my athletic activities and we can go further step together
QbO4tKyxw2c-00037-00017664-00018028 So, I decided to join their team
QbO4tKyxw2c-00038-00018064-00018472 My activities won't be changed suddenly,
QbO4tKyxw2c-00039-00018472-00018920 But from now on, we will work more globally
QbO4tKyxw2c-00040-00018928-00019896 My riding skills, videos and also sponsors will be introduced wider field over countries
QbO4tKyxw2c-00041-00019924-00020168 That's I'm expecting too
QbO4tKyxw2c-00042-00020200-00020296 So here,
QbO4tKyxw2c-00043-00020320-00020756 I have another important message I wanted to give you in this video
QbO4tKyxw2c-00044-00020812-00020980 The first thing
QbO4tKyxw2c-00045-00021004-00021356 YouTube is GREAT!
QbO4tKyxw2c-00046-00021444-00021952 It's appeared remarkably under the world wide CODIV-19 situation,
QbO4tKyxw2c-00047-00021992-00022420 Shows were cancelled, races were cancelled, events were cancelled
QbO4tKyxw2c-00048-00022440-00022912 It's very difficult situation for athletes to express worth of our existence
QbO4tKyxw2c-00049-00022956-00023712 Very limited field where we can express ourselves now may be only YouTube and SNS'
QbO4tKyxw2c-00050-00023720-00023984 It's very important thing to express yourself
QbO4tKyxw2c-00051-00023992-00024252 Even though how your riding skill is good,
QbO4tKyxw2c-00052-00024256-00024516 How your potential is huge,
QbO4tKyxw2c-00053-00024520-00024688 How good guy are you
QbO4tKyxw2c-00054-00024688-00025164 There aren't any worth of one's existence without knowing by someone
QbO4tKyxw2c-00055-00025264-00025624 That's why I'm posting on YouTube for a long time
QbO4tKyxw2c-00056-00025636-00025995 Maybe 6 or 7 years since beginning
QbO4tKyxw2c-00057-00026056-00026364 Of course it's from way before this COVID-19 situation
QbO4tKyxw2c-00058-00026364-00026936 I'm continuing this activity to express myself to more people as much as possible
QbO4tKyxw2c-00059-00026960-00027548 I believe this brought me a chance to join this team
QbO4tKyxw2c-00060-00027700-00028583 I've seen so many guys who has great skills and great vibes even though they are not a professional
QbO4tKyxw2c-00061-00028636-00029112 But most important thing is to be known by someone
QbO4tKyxw2c-00062-00029152-00029812 Only guys who think seriously how to be known can be a...
QbO4tKyxw2c-00063-00029827-00030164 Top rider, top of the top
QbO4tKyxw2c-00064-00030188-00030536 This is that I'm believing
QbO4tKyxw2c-00065-00030564-00031583 Of course the guy who has unbelievable technique two or three steps higher than intermediate will be spread by everybody without any efforts
QbO4tKyxw2c-00066-00031668-00032344 But now we are accessing SNS everyday and anybody can post by themselves
QbO4tKyxw2c-00067-00032408-00032832 There are no reason not to utilize these tools
QbO4tKyxw2c-00068-00032876-00033676 If young riders who want to be a professional are watching this video,
QbO4tKyxw2c-00069-00033692-00034092 Utilize YouTube and any other SNS'
QbO4tKyxw2c-00070-00034092-00034988 Then think and try anything how you can be known by more people
QbO4tKyxw2c-00071-00035052-00035324 That's all today's video
QbO4tKyxw2c-00072-00035324-00035754 To report I joined the team RASOULUTION
QbO4tKyxw2c-00073-00035768-00036020 I'm really excited!
QbO4tKyxw2c-00074-00036020-00036464 I want to make sessions with Danny and Fabio if I can
QbO4tKyxw2c-00075-00036496-00036860 I'll make effort to bring them to Japan someday
QbO4tKyxw2c-00076-00036892-00037304 Appreciated for your continuous support!
QbO4tKyxw2c-00077-00037352-00037504 Hona!
QbO4tKyxw2c-00078-00037538-00038048 Photographs: Naoki Morita @naoki_photogtaphy
QbO4tKyxw2c-00079-00038048-00038562 English Subs: kazoo_MC, LiliyDango, Takuma, Osamu
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00000-00000040-00000548 Lecture By Jacque Fresco Conformity or Sanity Sociocyberneering Audio Collection
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00001-00000650-00000982 You get people in a corner, say, "What is it  that you want?" They do not know
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00002-00001026-00001220 —because they have never been told
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00003-00001258-00001412 what it is that they wanted.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00004-00001432-00001660 They have been told what they ought to want.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00005-00001700-00002012 So they start living in the lifestyle
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00006-00002022-00002254 that is comfortable to their emotions.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00007-00002284-00002648 It goes that way, and their parents  say you ought to live that way,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00008-00002674-00002910 and other people say  you ought to live that way.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00009-00002922-00003122 They are in a state of conflict.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00010-00003136-00003534 But our society says, you have been married  twice; there is something wrong with you.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00011-00003550-00003714 And everybody feels shocked.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00012-00003728-00004194 Society makes them sick if they do not  conform to their fucking patterns.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00013-00004218-00004414 And their patterns are senseless.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00014-00004448-00004754 That is why we say here that  this society is utterly insane,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00015-00004768-00005012 and if you are trying to make  sense of it, you get sick.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00016-00005072-00005454 Best thing to do is get out your notebook,  look out the window, make notes,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00017-00005462-00005888 and put it back in your pocket.  Do not make any adjustments to it.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00018-00006086-00006414 When somebody says they do not like  your painting, you say, "That's right."
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00019-00006440-00006762 But do not argue with them —then you get sick.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00020-00006881-00007094 It is when you begin to think
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00021-00007150-00007292 that you are ill
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00022-00007320-00007528 because you do not fit in with anything,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00023-00007554-00007788 you are on the fringe of sanity.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00024-00007954-00008254 And when you begin to fit in, you have lost it.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00025-00008338-00008744 When you fit in with the way things are going,  you have lost it; you are out of step.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00026-00008772-00009092 Being alive is subject to stimulus —change.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00027-00009130-00009472 And conforming to a standard pattern is death.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00028-00009500-00009670 If you experiment
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00029-00009682-00009962 and seek out newer and  different ways of thinking,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00030-00009984-00010208 you are going to get hurt because  you are experimental.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00031-00010230-00010726 This guy builds a little single man helicopter and  the blade shakes to pieces and he breaks his arm.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00032-00010752-00011206 Experimentation means unknown areas.  That is why most people do not experiment.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00033-00011238-00011420 So if you experiment, you get hurt.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00034-00011426-00011626 That is why most people say,  "Well, now wait a while.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00035-00011636-00011922 I tried all those things when  I was crazy when I was young.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00036-00011944-00012352 But now I've settled down and  I do not try anything more."
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00037-00012372-00012800 That is safer. So most normal people  consider themselves safe.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00038-00012869-00013060 If you are going to live in this world,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00039-00013086-00013330 we cannot take into account everything.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00040-00013346-00013569 We cannot handle everything.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00041-00013584-00013890 We can only handle a limited amount of things.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00042-00013926-00014224 And if you hope that things will get better for you,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00043-00014244-00014444 you can be certain that they will not.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00044-00014513-00014890 Anyone that hopes that things will get better,  there is a guarantee that they will not.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00045-00014918-00015228 But if you take on an action  pattern to make it better
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00046-00015254-00015534 —to carve a propeller, to balance  the goddamn thing,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00047-00015546-00016013 to try to check your landing gear,  make sure your dihedral is uniform,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00048-00016024-00016366 your tail is not warped — that is  the way you make things better.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00049-00016380-00016484 In this world
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00050-00016504-00017046 you cannot find peace and harmony. All  those are words that were made up:
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00051-00017088-00017232 'peace of mind'.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00052-00017248-00017556 You will find a smooth life  for a period of time.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00053-00017584-00017776 The smoothest life you can find
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00054-00017782-00018020 is to understand all of these things.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00055-00018054-00018462 Whatever happens out there is real, what  you think should have happened is unreal.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00056-00018526-00018808 You learn to sit back and watch all these things.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00057-00018854-00019474 You tell people things. If they get the message, they  take it and use it. If they do not get it they drop it.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00058-00019490-00019622 You watch them go.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00059-00019632-00019884 Then when they trip and fall,  you watch them tumble.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00060-00019906-00020224 But you should deliver what  you know to these people,
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00061-00020240-00020546 as best as you can, to help  them see the light.
QeHnc_k4Ugk-00062-00020764-00021174 So much for decency and ethics and fair play.
Qh8ot6leQzU-00000-00001656-00001936 Hello, I'm Oh Chang Sup, curator of the symbols of happiness
Qh8ot6leQzU-00001-00001936-00002580 Due to COVID-19, Symbols of Happiness will be held online
Qh8ot6leQzU-00002-00002580-00003036 So, I will show our plans in detail by utilizing available media 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00003-00003036-00003486 such as website or publication
Qh8ot6leQzU-00004-00003486-00003906 Here in this Design Museum space, 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00005-00003906-00004336 I also arranged a video exhibition with
Qh8ot6leQzU-00006-00004336-00004913 some of the exhibits and explanation on them
Qh8ot6leQzU-00007-00004913-00005283 In five episodes, we will be having a time to think about
Qh8ot6leQzU-00008-00005283-00005703 the design culture related to daily behavior
Qh8ot6leQzU-00009-00005703-00006343 For the first episode, let’s start from the listening	
Qh8ot6leQzU-00010-00006343-00006809 In daily life, we hear various sounds
Qh8ot6leQzU-00011-00006809-00007316 The sounds include sounds we unwillingly hear
Qh8ot6leQzU-00012-00007316-00007716 and sounds we willingly hear
Qh8ot6leQzU-00013-00007716-00008166 Sound has its own origin (own sense of place)
Qh8ot6leQzU-00014-00008166-00008490 For example, we hear sound of wave at sea
Qh8ot6leQzU-00015-00008490-00008886 ‘Sound of Wave’ is the sound of waves hitting the shore
Qh8ot6leQzU-00016-00008886-00009073 and we can hear this sound only at the sea
Qh8ot6leQzU-00017-00009073-00009466 On the other hand, we can hear echoes at the mountain
Qh8ot6leQzU-00018-00009466-00009716 It’s hard to hear the echo at the sea or hear
Qh8ot6leQzU-00019-00009716-00009953 the sound of waves at the mountain
Qh8ot6leQzU-00020-00009953-00010306 Nevertheless, we are living in the era
Qh8ot6leQzU-00021-00010306-00010780 where we can hear any sound anytime and anywhere
Qh8ot6leQzU-00022-00010780-00011063 It’s the era where the uniquenes
Qh8ot6leQzU-00023-00011063-00011446 or sense of place doesn’t exist
Qh8ot6leQzU-00024-00011446-00011920 This can be described as the era of schizophonia
Qh8ot6leQzU-00025-00011920-00012350 Such schizophonia started after
Qh8ot6leQzU-00026-00012350-00012810 the advent of media that records and reproduces the sound
Qh8ot6leQzU-00027-00012810-00013146 As we all know, phonograph was first 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00028-00013146-00013490 evised by Thomas Edison
Qh8ot6leQzU-00029-00013490-00014390 In 1877, Edison first invented a cylindrical device
Qh8ot6leQzU-00030-00014390-00014663 that records and reproduces sound
Qh8ot6leQzU-00031-00014663-00015073 and applied a patent in the name of Talking Machine
Qh8ot6leQzU-00032-00015073-00015393 After 10 years,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00033-00015393-00016176 a person named Berliner invented gramophonein 1888 and applied a patent
Qh8ot6leQzU-00034-00016176-00016820 Unlike Edison’s cylindrical phonograph, gramophone’s 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00035-00016820-00017400 sound recording devicewas in the form of disc
Qh8ot6leQzU-00036-00017400-00017846 Since it looked similar to LP, 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00037-00017846-00018410 gramophone is called as the origin of LP
Qh8ot6leQzU-00038-00018410-00018723 With advent of sound recording and reproducing devices
Qh8ot6leQzU-00039-00018723-00019106 the sound map is changing
Qh8ot6leQzU-00040-00019106-00019563 Without sense of place and moment,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00041-00019563-00019886 we can hear reproducible sounds anytime and anywhere
Qh8ot6leQzU-00042-00019886-00020220 We hear reproduced sounds at café 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00043-00020220-00020510 and hear reproduced sounds at restaurants
Qh8ot6leQzU-00044-00020510-00020900 We also hear various sounds at streets
Qh8ot6leQzU-00045-00020900-00021330 There are also sounds of cars and construction sites.
Qh8ot6leQzU-00046-00021330-00022140 With combination of such sounds, the modern cities are filled with sounds
Qh8ot6leQzU-00047-00022140-00022480 One of my favorite writers is Milan Kundera
Qh8ot6leQzU-00048-00022480-00022933 His representative novel is ‘Unbearable Lightness of Being’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00049-00022933-00023546 and it’s about the stories of 4 main characters
Qh8ot6leQzU-00050-00023546-00023866 Here, you see
Qh8ot6leQzU-00051-00023866-00024193 the parts from the ‘Unbearable Lightness of Being’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00052-00024193-00024653 It’s the scene of a conversation between Franz and Sabina
Qh8ot6leQzU-00053-00024653-00025083 Here, Franz says to Sabina
Qh8ot6leQzU-00054-00025083-00025353 “Don’t you like music?”
Qh8ot6leQzU-00055-00025353-00025663 Then, Sabina answers the question
Qh8ot6leQzU-00056-00025663-00026006 and she says she doesn’t like music. She also adds, 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00057-00026006-00026343 “Though in a different era” 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00058-00026343-00026906 ‘She was thinking of the days of Johann Sebastian Bach,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00059-00026906-00027553 when music was like a rose blooming on the boundless snow covered plain of silence’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00060-00027553-00027889 The sentence is really beautiful
Qh8ot6leQzU-00061-00027889-00028603 Imagine about the plain of silence covered with white snow
Qh8ot6leQzU-00062-00028603-00029230 and a red rose blooming in the snow covered plain of silence
Qh8ot6leQzU-00063-00029230-00029993 The rose refers to the music and the rose blooms in a plain of silence
Qh8ot6leQzU-00064-00029993-00030263 Sabina was talking about
Qh8ot6leQzU-00065-00030263-00030673 the days when the music existed in such ways
Qh8ot6leQzU-00066-00030673-00030846 In the time before industrialization
Qh8ot6leQzU-00067-00030846-00031236 when music couldn’t be recorded or reproduced, 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00068-00031236-00031646 the music would have felt different from the music we hear now
Qh8ot6leQzU-00069-00031646-00032030 Before that line, Sabina said this
Qh8ot6leQzU-00070-00032030-00032696 “People aregoing deafbecause musicisplayed louder and louder
Qh8ot6leQzU-00071-00032696-00033126 but because they'regoing deaf, it has tobeplayed louder still”
Qh8ot6leQzU-00072-00033126-00033410 What Sabina said 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00073-00033410-00033913 well explains our current situation
Qh8ot6leQzU-00074-00033913-00034366 Sound needs a background of silence and stillness
Qh8ot6leQzU-00075-00034366-00034700 But we are living in the time with a background of noise
Qh8ot6leQzU-00076-00034700-00035023 That’s why the sounds get louder and louder
Qh8ot6leQzU-00077-00035023-00035403 people keep on turning up the volume
Qh8ot6leQzU-00078-00035403-00035780 On the other hand, isn’t this ironical?
Qh8ot6leQzU-00079-00035780-00036436 The modern time revealed its power by controlling the nature 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00080-00036436-00037116 and it even tries keep sounds under control and management
Qh8ot6leQzU-00081-00037116-00037630 Nevertheless, the more we try to control and manage sounds, 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00082-00037630-00037990 the more sounds and noises we hear
Qh8ot6leQzU-00083-00037990-00038336 That’s bit ironical.
Qh8ot6leQzU-00084-00038336-00039100 In such context, the modern time’s attempt on 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00085-00039100-00039313 not only recording and producing sounds 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00086-00039313-00039793 but also muting all noises seem to be natural
Qh8ot6leQzU-00087-00039793-00040313 The modern time reveals the will to keep sounds under control and management
Qh8ot6leQzU-00088-00040313-00040756 When we think about noise cancelling and similar features,  
Qh8ot6leQzU-00089-00040756-00041223 they shows how the modern time controls the noise
Qh8ot6leQzU-00090-00041223-00041740 Noise cancelling is a technology that mutes noises with another sound wave
Qh8ot6leQzU-00091-00041740-00042276 and plays the sound that a listener wants
Qh8ot6leQzU-00092-00042276-00042706 The modern time manages and controls sounds
Qh8ot6leQzU-00093-00042706-00043130 Also, it’s the time where we can deliver sounds
Qh8ot6leQzU-00094-00043130-00043686 We can deliver sounds with communication devices or broadcastings
Qh8ot6leQzU-00095-00043686-00044073 Broadcastings have a huge power
Qh8ot6leQzU-00096-00044073-00044606 We hear reproduced sounds such as music in broadcastings 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00097-00044606-00045070 and broadcastings also deliver news, information,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00098-00045070-00045413 and events to us
Qh8ot6leQzU-00099-00045413-00046033 Such news or information is delivered in the form of a story
Qh8ot6leQzU-00100-00046033-00046676 and the influence of broadcastings gets more powerful to create a new story
Qh8ot6leQzU-00101-00046676-00047313 Drama is the typical example. There are TV dramas and radio dramas
Qh8ot6leQzU-00102-00047313-00047630 This is an article from The New York Times
Qh8ot6leQzU-00103-00047630-00048110 it’s covers the episodes when the radio dramas were made
Qh8ot6leQzU-00104-00048110-00048590 There was a director named Orson Welles who was famous for ‘Citizen Kane’ 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00105-00048590-00049530 he directed a radio drama titled ‘The War of the Worlds’ in 1938
Qh8ot6leQzU-00106-00049530-00049733 That radio drama sounded realistic
Qh8ot6leQzU-00107-00049733-00050236 After hearing the radio drama, the listeners
Qh8ot6leQzU-00108-00050236-00050623 thought that a war broke out and they ran out to streets
Qh8ot6leQzU-00109-00050623-00051046 They called the broadcasting station
Qh8ot6leQzU-00110-00051046-00051356 and some citizens even ran out to streets with their guns
Qh8ot6leQzU-00111-00051356-00051806 This shows the early stage of broadcasting
Qh8ot6leQzU-00112-00051806-00051986 Things are different now
Qh8ot6leQzU-00113-00051986-00052476 Even if a war actually breaks out and broadcastings cover the news,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00114-00052476-00052950 people won’t believe the news because they watched too many dramas
Qh8ot6leQzU-00115-00052950-00053453 Broadcastings, especially radio broadcasting, create the public
Qh8ot6leQzU-00116-00053453-00053900 Then, the public constitutes own behavior
Qh8ot6leQzU-00117-00053900-00054270 As a result, we are able to listen
Qh8ot6leQzU-00118-00054270-00054586 while doing other works.
Qh8ot6leQzU-00119-00054586-00055120 Benjamin talked about ‘Distracted Being’ and that term describes us
Qh8ot6leQzU-00120-00055120-00055390 We can listen to music, drama, and news
Qh8ot6leQzU-00121-00055390-00055856 while doing various other works
Qh8ot6leQzU-00122-00055856-00056376 However, people in the past concentrated on listening to the sound
Qh8ot6leQzU-00123-00056376-00056720 After going through the time where sense of place
Qh8ot6leQzU-00124-00056720-00057256 and inertia toward such sense existed,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00125-00057256-00057836 distracted beings are created in the modern times
Qh8ot6leQzU-00126-00057836-00058210 Here is a novel titled ‘A Gift from A Bird’ by Heekyung Eun
Qh8ot6leQzU-00127-00058210-00058483 The novel well expresses the process on
Qh8ot6leQzU-00128-00058483-00058976 how broadcastings created and listeners in the early stage
Qh8ot6leQzU-00129-00058976-00059496 There is a story of grandmother and although it was a radio drama, 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00130-00059496-00059943 she left all other works behind, sat down closely to the radio,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00131-00059943-00060616 and listened to the radio drama while looking at the radio
Qh8ot6leQzU-00132-00060616-00061083 She listened to the radio drama as if listening to sounds
Qh8ot6leQzU-00133-00061083-00061640 in a space where sound’s sense of space still exists
Qh8ot6leQzU-00134-00061640-00062003 This photo was taken in 1957
Qh8ot6leQzU-00135-00062003-00062603 and we can see family members sitting in front of radio to listen to the radio
Qh8ot6leQzU-00136-00062603-00062970 People don’t listen to radio like this anymore
Qh8ot6leQzU-00137-00062970-00063586 A person named Chup Friemert said this in his writing, ‘World of Radio’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00138-00063586-00064190 ‘Broadcastings made us feel like being together with someone who is far away
Qh8ot6leQzU-00139-00064190-00064656 As the listeners move to the space where they can join 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00140-00064656-00065240 visual events audible with ears, they end up what they were doing 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00141-00065240-00065720 and prioritizing the world’s events more than their own matters
Qh8ot6leQzU-00142-00065720-00066053 That shows our current situation
Qh8ot6leQzU-00143-00066053-00066443 By watching and listening to the broadcastings,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00144-00066443-00066763 we listen to events that happen in other spaces,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00145-00066763-00067480 closely bring the stories of people related to events that happened in other spaces,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00146-00067480-00067853 and think of the events as our own events
Qh8ot6leQzU-00147-00067853-00068293 Such influence of broadcasting comes from
Qh8ot6leQzU-00148-00068293-00069060 its power to gather interests and form a community
Qh8ot6leQzU-00149-00069060-00069370 Newspapers play the same role, too
Qh8ot6leQzU-00150-00069370-00069790 A person named Benedict Anderson wrote ‘Imagined community’ 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00151-00069790-00070080 and the book well describes this
Qh8ot6leQzU-00152-00070080-00070586 The book gives a detailed description on
Qh8ot6leQzU-00153-00070586-00071053 how geographically distant individuals form a sense of community  through broadcasting and newspaper
Qh8ot6leQzU-00154-00071053-00072006 and how they imagine about the nationality and nation-state
Qh8ot6leQzU-00155-00072006-00072623 In formation of a nation-state, newspaper, broadcasting, and transportation play roles
Qh8ot6leQzU-00156-00072623-00072973 In some ways, that’s the power of media
Qh8ot6leQzU-00157-00072973-00073586 Considering that media has such a strong power, 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00158-00073586-00074086 the authorities with power won’t hand over the media easily
Qh8ot6leQzU-00159-00074086-00074380 Authorities always focused on the broadcasting
Qh8ot6leQzU-00160-00074380-00074686 Especially, this is people’s receiver
Qh8ot6leQzU-00161-00074686-00075403 named VE-301 made in 1933 during The Third Reich
Qh8ot6leQzU-00162-00075403-00076000 This radio shows how authorities focused on the broadcasting
Qh8ot6leQzU-00163-00076000-00076520 It is said that the radio was made by a person named  Otto Griessing under the request of Goebbels,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00164-00076520-00077090 who was a Reich Minister of Propaganda and it’s similar to Minister of Culture,  Sports and Tourism in Korea
Qh8ot6leQzU-00165-00077090-00077453 VE-301 is an abbreviation where ‘VE’ stands
Qh8ot6leQzU-00166-00077453-00077960 for Volksempfänger meaning people’s receiver in German
Qh8ot6leQzU-00167-00077960-00078666 and 301 refers to January 30, the day when Hitler’s rise to power began
Qh8ot6leQzU-00168-00078666-00079263 About 6 years after the release of VE-301,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00169-00079263-00079696 over 70% households in German owned radios in 1939
Qh8ot6leQzU-00170-00079696-00080080 Since this radio was planned by Goebbels,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00171-00080080-00080463 it was also called as ‘Mouth of Goebbels’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00172-00080463-00080793 When we look at the promotional poster for this radio,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00173-00080793-00081360 there is a poster with drawings of a radio in the center and people
Qh8ot6leQzU-00174-00081360-00081743 gathering together to listen to the radio
Qh8ot6leQzU-00175-00081743-00082160 The poster also has a phrase saying 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00176-00082160-00082900 ‘All Germans listen to the words of Führer with a radio’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00177-00082900-00083426 So, this poster expresses the will to unite Germans together by having them 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00178-00083426-00084050 listen to words of Führer, or Adolf Hitler, through the radio
Qh8ot6leQzU-00179-00084050-00084370 Here, a radio broadcast is utilized as a medium
Qh8ot6leQzU-00180-00084370-00084736 for formation of united nation, movement of national integration,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00181-00084736-00085236 and formation of a nation-state through the radio
Qh8ot6leQzU-00182-00085236-00085696 There was a similar case in Korea, too
Qh8ot6leQzU-00183-00085696-00086350 April 19th Revolution took place in 1960 and Chunghee Park seized the power
Qh8ot6leQzU-00184-00086350-00086680 after May 16th Military Coup D'état in 1961
Qh8ot6leQzU-00185-00086680-00087470 After seizing the power, Park started a Campaign to Send Radios  toRuralVillages in 1962
Qh8ot6leQzU-00186-00087470-00087950 Basically, it’s a campaign for sending radios to rural villages
Qh8ot6leQzU-00187-00087950-00088226 So, there were many articles about
Qh8ot6leQzU-00188-00088226-00088836 a celebrity donating the radios to participate in the campaign of sending
Qh8ot6leQzU-00189-00088836-00089390 radios to rural villages or articles with photos of people visiting the rural villages
Qh8ot6leQzU-00190-00089390-00090206 and handing out radios to people living in the rural villages
Qh8ot6leQzU-00191-00090206-00090813 Right before this campaign, there was an Amplifier Installation Project
Qh8ot6leQzU-00192-00090813-00091200 This project was for installing speakers in rural villages
Qh8ot6leQzU-00193-00091200-00091510 so that everyone in villages can listen
Qh8ot6leQzU-00194-00091510-00091776 These speakers played broadcasts such as radio gymnastics
Qh8ot6leQzU-00195-00091776-00092296 and flag lowering ceremony at certain times
Qh8ot6leQzU-00196-00092296-00092856 These campaign and project are very similar to movements
Qh8ot6leQzU-00197-00092856-00093196 of Hitler regime.
Qh8ot6leQzU-00198-00093196-00093570 A-501 is the first radio in Korea
Qh8ot6leQzU-00199-00093570-00094003 This radio was first made in 1959 by Goldstar
Qh8ot6leQzU-00200-00094003-00094596 A-501 radio an abbreviation where A stands for AC meaning alternating current 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00201-00094596-00095250 and 501 refers to the first radio applied with 5 vacuum tubes
Qh8ot6leQzU-00202-00095250-00095600 That’s where the name A-501 comes from
Qh8ot6leQzU-00203-00095600-00095900 The radio was designed by a person named Yonggui Park
Qh8ot6leQzU-00204-00095900-00096553 and it is known that an engineer named Haesu Kim was  in charge of overall radio development
Qh8ot6leQzU-00205-00096553-00097140 At that time, Kim was running a PX radio repair shop in Busan
Qh8ot6leQzU-00206-00097140-00097470 and he joined Goldstar in 1958
Qh8ot6leQzU-00207-00097470-00098076 Then, he became in charge of overall development for the first radio in Korea
Qh8ot6leQzU-00208-00098076-00098856 His story is well described in a book titled ‘Father’s Radio’ written  by his daughter, Jinju Kim
Qh8ot6leQzU-00209-00098856-00099060 The book describes this story
Qh8ot6leQzU-00210-00099060-00099360 At that time, a German technical adviser named Henke 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00211-00099360-00099823 joined in radio development by Goldstar
Qh8ot6leQzU-00212-00099823-00100043 Henke suggested a radio with long top and bottom like this radio (VE-301).
Qh8ot6leQzU-00213-00100043-00101090 He wanted to develop a radio with round and long top and bottom
Qh8ot6leQzU-00214-00101090-00101910 Then, the final shape of A-501 radio was designed after the opinions of Kim
Qh8ot6leQzU-00215-00101910-00102590 It is said that A-501 radio is similar to products of SANYO Electric in Japan
Qh8ot6leQzU-00216-00102590-00103206 In fact, he was influenced by the Japanese products he saw
Qh8ot6leQzU-00217-00103206-00103746 while running a radio repair shop in Busan
Qh8ot6leQzU-00218-00103746-00104466 We can divide listeners of sounds depending on class, generation, and taste
Qh8ot6leQzU-00219-00104466-00104759 Especially the listeners of music
Qh8ot6leQzU-00220-00104759-00105126 So, how you hear or what you hear depends on
Qh8ot6leQzU-00221-00105126-00105653 the class, generation, and taste
Qh8ot6leQzU-00222-00105653-00106166 Numerous products that play sounds have been produced and developed
Qh8ot6leQzU-00223-00106166-00106873 those products have been developed in consideration of class, generation, and taste
Qh8ot6leQzU-00224-00106873-00107733 Meanwhile, the products further differentiated class, generation, and taste
Qh8ot6leQzU-00225-00107733-00108076 while solidifying and intensifying such differentiation
Qh8ot6leQzU-00226-00108076-00108659 MyMy is a product produced by Samsung Electronics in 1981 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00227-00108659-00109246 and this portable cassette player shows such feature
Qh8ot6leQzU-00228-00109246-00109800 MyMy has two headphone jacks so that two people can listen to music together
Qh8ot6leQzU-00229-00109800-00110466 After Samsung released MyMy in 1981, Goldstar released a product named ‘AH-HA’,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00230-00110466-00111143 and Daewoo Electronics released a product named ‘YOYO’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00231-00111143-00111803 As we can see from MyMy advertisement, this product targeted  on the young generation
Qh8ot6leQzU-00232-00111803-00112526 While many people think that new generation culture started from 1990s,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00233-00112526-00112976 young generation culture already existed in 1980s
Qh8ot6leQzU-00234-00112976-00113520 Also, portable cassette players such as MyMy spread 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00235-00113520-00113959 as the icon of the new generation culture
Qh8ot6leQzU-00236-00113959-00114500 Actually, a cassette player was first developed
Qh8ot6leQzU-00237-00114500-00114993 by SONY in 1979, 2 years before the release of MyMy
Qh8ot6leQzU-00238-00114993-00115200 That player is the ‘Walkman’ we all know
Qh8ot6leQzU-00239-00115200-00115703 Walkman was a very innovative product
Qh8ot6leQzU-00240-00115703-00116303 The product realized the possibility of listening to music while walking around
Qh8ot6leQzU-00241-00116303-00116640 This Walkman here is
Qh8ot6leQzU-00242-00116640-00117053 the second Walkman model
Qh8ot6leQzU-00243-00117053-00117503 It was made in 1981 when Samsung’s MyMy was released
Qh8ot6leQzU-00244-00117503-00117756 The name, Walkman, literally means
Qh8ot6leQzU-00245-00117756-00118120 listening to music while walking
Qh8ot6leQzU-00246-00118120-00118859 The first model was released in July 1979 and that’s was the vacation time
Qh8ot6leQzU-00247-00118859-00119186 Since it targeted on the young generation,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00248-00119186-00119466 the product was released for the vacation
Qh8ot6leQzU-00249-00119466-00119923 There were various Walkman models
Qh8ot6leQzU-00250-00119923-00120309 and over 100 million were sold
Qh8ot6leQzU-00251-00120309-00120726 Then, SONY stopped producing Walkman in 2020
Qh8ot6leQzU-00252-00120726-00121200 This is because MP3 player got released in early 2000s
Qh8ot6leQzU-00253-00121200-00121540 and dominated the portable sound device market
Qh8ot6leQzU-00254-00121543-00121993 So, it was hard to sell Walkman in the market
Qh8ot6leQzU-00255-00121993-00122723 Actually, CD player was released between the time of Walkman and MP3 player
Qh8ot6leQzU-00256-00122723-00123156 There are number of popular CD players
Qh8ot6leQzU-00257-00123156-00123566 Let’s take a look at one of the CD players popular in Korea
Qh8ot6leQzU-00258-00123566-00123790 It’s SONY D-777 model.
Qh8ot6leQzU-00259-00123790-00124233 This product was made in 1995
Qh8ot6leQzU-00260-00124233-00124796 The product was named ‘Discman’ similar to Walkman
Qh8ot6leQzU-00261-00124796-00125333 in order to emphasize the name of portable CD player.
Qh8ot6leQzU-00262-00125333-00125973 To make a portable CD player, there were issues such as thickness of the CD player
Qh8ot6leQzU-00263-00125973-00126476 and shock on CD player while walking around
Qh8ot6leQzU-00264-00126476-00127023 When you look at SONY D-777 model, you can see 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00265-00127023-00127540 ‘ESP’ written right beside ‘Discman’ and this shows that the CD player is
Qh8ot6leQzU-00266-00127540-00128013 applied with anti-shock technology called ‘Electronic Shock Protection’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00267-00128013-00128776 This product was popular because Suji used this player in the 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00268-00128776-00129396 film titled ‘Architecture’ directed by Yongju Kim in 2012
Qh8ot6leQzU-00269-00129396-00129830 Iriver MP3 player was first released in 2002
Qh8ot6leQzU-00270-00129830-00130250 The model you see here is iFP-100
Qh8ot6leQzU-00271-00130250-00130576 Actually, MP3 was first released in 2000
Qh8ot6leQzU-00272-00130576-00130963 The first MP3 player had a shape that looked similar
Qh8ot6leQzU-00273-00130963-00131506 to the existing Walkman models or CD players
Qh8ot6leQzU-00274-00131506-00131943 On the other hand, this Iriver MP3 player (iFP-100) 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00275-00131943-00132360 breaks away from such stereotype
Qh8ot6leQzU-00276-00132360-00133040 This MP 3 player has a shape of triangular prism  and you can insert batteries from one side
Qh8ot6leQzU-00277-00133040-00133620 This product emphasized the role of design from planning to development stages
Qh8ot6leQzU-00278-00133620-00134243 and that’s why this product was highly spotlighted for its innovative design
Qh8ot6leQzU-00279-00134243-00134600 This product was designed by INNO DESIGN
Qh8ot6leQzU-00280-00134600-00134966 and ‘Design by INNO’ is written
Qh8ot6leQzU-00281-00134966-00135273 on the battery insertion part
Qh8ot6leQzU-00282-00135273-00135520 There aren’t many such cases
Qh8ot6leQzU-00283-00135520-00136180 Then, you see this model here. This model has a different shape
Qh8ot6leQzU-00284-00136180-00136800 After the advent of MP3 players, dematerialization of sound was highly emphasized
Qh8ot6leQzU-00285-00136800-00137326 Such trend was created by iPhone
Qh8ot6leQzU-00286-00137326-00137650 While iPhone was first released in 2007,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00287-00137650-00138230 it was released in Korea in November 2009
Qh8ot6leQzU-00288-00138230-00138540 There was a gap of 2.5 years to 3 years
Qh8ot6leQzU-00289-00138540-00139026 In the meantime, Samsung Electronics and other companies developed smartphones
Qh8ot6leQzU-00290-00139026-00139700 Release of iPhone in Korea was delayed due to issues  such as telecommunication companies
Qh8ot6leQzU-00291-00139700-00140073 The advent of iPhone opened up the era of smartphone
Qh8ot6leQzU-00292-00140073-00140473 Smartphones aren’t just a simple phone
Qh8ot6leQzU-00293-00140473-00140693 It’s a type of meta media
Qh8ot6leQzU-00294-00140693-00141353 With smartphones, we can make a call, watch videos, find directions,  and listen to music
Qh8ot6leQzU-00295-00141353-00142010 In a sense of media with all media features, smartphones  deserve to be called as meta media
Qh8ot6leQzU-00296-00142010-00142476 From mid 2000s, music streaming services began in full scale
Qh8ot6leQzU-00297-00142476-00142830 As this music streaming services are combined with smartphone,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00298-00142830-00143256 These days, we all hear music with music streaming services
Qh8ot6leQzU-00299-00143256-00143560 and such music streaming services are in trend
Qh8ot6leQzU-00300-00143560-00144206 As the dematerialization of music became the trend,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00301-00144206-00144710 there are less number of people who actually own music
Qh8ot6leQzU-00302-00144710-00145110 Let’s take a look at Kukmin Daily News’ article from September 16, 2015
Qh8ot6leQzU-00303-00145110-00145593 ‘As streaming services are trending, album market is shrinking even more
Qh8ot6leQzU-00304-00145593-00146043 Even popular idol groups sell 100,000 albums 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00305-00146043-00146336 As a result, increasing number of singers are only releasing 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00306-00146336-00146700 digital albums without releasing CD albums’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00307-00146700-00146926 It’s a new phenomenon
Qh8ot6leQzU-00308-00146926-00147253 These days, the general trend is to 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00309-00147253-00147933 listen to music through streaming services such as Melon or Bugs
Qh8ot6leQzU-00310-00147933-00148560 We are living in the era where we can listen to any music anytime and anywhere
Qh8ot6leQzU-00311-00148560-00149086 Then, do we listen to music more often with such streaming services?
Qh8ot6leQzU-00312-00149086-00149413 We need to think about the new ways of listening to music
Qh8ot6leQzU-00313-00149413-00149920 There is a novel titled ‘Everything is Music’ published in 2013 by Junghyuk Kim
Qh8ot6leQzU-00314-00149920-00150110 Let’s look at quotes from the novel
Qh8ot6leQzU-00315-00150110-00150673 ‘Everyone skips these days. They all skip before buying an album
Qh8ot6leQzU-00316-00150673-00151230 Doesn’t this suit your taste? Well, I’m sure it’s not my taste
Qh8ot6leQzU-00317-00151230-00151670 Skip! Skip! Next! Well, I don’t need to buy this album
Qh8ot6leQzU-00318-00151670-00152040 Seriously, you understand the song after playing it for 5 seconds?
Qh8ot6leQzU-00319-00152040-00152626 Well, I’m sure you are great as Brian Epstein, Right?’ 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00320-00152626-00153226 Brian Epstein is the person who made Beatles popular
Qh8ot6leQzU-00321-00153226-00153770 This novel well describes how people listen to music only for a short time
Qh8ot6leQzU-00322-00153770-00154396 and how people keep on skipping the music continuously
Qh8ot6leQzU-00323-00154396-00154980 Actually, that’s how we listen to music. We repeat on listening shortly  and skipping the song
Qh8ot6leQzU-00324-00154980-00155520 There is another interesting phenomenon
Qh8ot6leQzU-00325-00155520-00155890 Increasing number of people are listening to music with LP
Qh8ot6leQzU-00326-00155890-00156163 We can call this, ‘LP Trend’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00327-00156163-00156646 When we look at such LP trend,
Qh8ot6leQzU-00328-00156646-00157073 it is explainable in the context of trending retro-style
Qh8ot6leQzU-00329-00157073-00157496 Retro involves a feeling of nostalgia
Qh8ot6leQzU-00330-00157496-00158446 Nostalgia is the emotion of desire and crave for re-experiencing  what we experienced in the past
Qh8ot6leQzU-00331-00158446-00159136 However, such nostalgia isn’t enough to explain the recent popularity of LP
Qh8ot6leQzU-00332-00159136-00159333 and there are other factors beyond it
Qh8ot6leQzU-00333-00159333-00159930 Actually, more young generations are listening to music with LP
Qh8ot6leQzU-00334-00159930-00160236 However, they don’t have experience with LP=
Qh8ot6leQzU-00335-00160236-00160666 Then, why do they try to listen to music with LP?
Qh8ot6leQzU-00336-00160666-00161110 Furthermore, listening to music with LP is really inconvenient
Qh8ot6leQzU-00337-00161110-00161513 LP is very inconvenient, bothering, and expensive
Qh8ot6leQzU-00338-00161513-00162066 However, listening to music with LP is the new way of listening to music
Qh8ot6leQzU-00339-00162066-00162736 In today’s episode, I covered ‘Behavior of Listening’
Qh8ot6leQzU-00340-00162736-00163036 I hope you enjoyed the episode
Qh8ot6leQzU-00341-00163036-00163760 From the next episode, I am thinking about various ways for 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00342-00163760-00164150 showing the planning for Symbols of Happiness
Qh8ot6leQzU-00343-00164150-00164520 I’m also making pamphlets in the form of art brochure
Qh8ot6leQzU-00344-00164520-00165076 Various people wrote about each behavior in the art brochure 
Qh8ot6leQzU-00345-00165076-00165630 and I will be inviting them and talking about each topic
Qh8ot6leQzU-00346-00165630-00166033 in the next episodes. Thank you
QhWwUndTBUk-00000-00000120-00000432 you you people of cape town i'm coming to cape town
QhWwUndTBUk-00001-00001336-00001592 i want god to stop what is happening there
QhWwUndTBUk-00002-00001664-00003000 and raise the right people not the dramatic people no more drama no more script in the house of god
QhWwUndTBUk-00003-00003000-00003056 no more
QhWwUndTBUk-00004-00003479-00003511 you know
QhWwUndTBUk-00005-00003744-00004488 did you hear what i said did you hear what i said no more what script yes
QhWwUndTBUk-00006-00004664-00005328 amen there's a man that was playing with the people of god there yes yes i i know yes oh my god
QhWwUndTBUk-00007-00005432-00005832 whoever that is playing with the people of god this year amen
QhWwUndTBUk-00008-00006631-00007184 script script script you can you know when there's drama you see this thing is drama this one
QhWwUndTBUk-00009-00007295-00007712 drama you don't need anyone to tell you that this is drama this one
QhWwUndTBUk-00010-00007800-00008088 you can see raw this one's generations they're very hazy
QhWwUndTBUk-00011-00008408-00008864 in the house of god whoever that is
QhWwUndTBUk-00012-00009088-00009312 mama you want me to speak with you
QhWwUndTBUk-00013-00009544-00009984 whoever that is not from god i want to speak like elijah
QhWwUndTBUk-00014-00010216-00010560 you know one day i told lady i said you know i wish
QhWwUndTBUk-00015-00010688-00011672 we can gather people in fnb we call everyone who calls themselves with big names this that
QhWwUndTBUk-00016-00011840-00012784 and we lock them up before the crusade take the phones we take away their phones
QhWwUndTBUk-00017-00012840-00013640 even me i must be there i must also be locked up there we take what phones take phones
QhWwUndTBUk-00018-00013712-00014376 and let's say you lock us up on on monday the crusade is on friday battalion of faster shop
QhWwUndTBUk-00019-00014647-00015263 from there you must release us on a day of a crusade and when we get there
QhWwUndTBUk-00020-00015512-00016096 all this drama all these things that we've been seeing i want to see them
QhWwUndTBUk-00021-00016872-00017904 uttamamp you'll be surprised your superior superintendent already know one of the truth
QhWwUndTBUk-00022-00018152-00018520 your seniors who pretended the one that you love so much you'll be surprised that you
QhWwUndTBUk-00023-00018520-00018992 can't even professor one person we fill in the stadium we say let's go
QhWwUndTBUk-00024-00019192-00019776 let's go and whoever fails day we're hanging him
QhWwUndTBUk-00025-00020472-00020744 do you hear what i said whoever does what
QhWwUndTBUk-00026-00020800-00021456 faith will do it we hang him kasutiya hi enter we hang him
QhWwUndTBUk-00027-00021664-00021776 elijah has done that
QhWwUndTBUk-00028-00022056-00022120 he didn't do that
QhWwUndTBUk-00029-00022360-00022584 i said why can't we do it
QhWwUndTBUk-00030-00022824-00023288 now you can put me with this more and more we want to so
QhWwUndTBUk-00031-00023560-00023984 how can i hang all of them
QhWwUndTBUk-00032-00024600-00025104 because you are looking on the right people that want to serve god they are suffering
QhWwUndTBUk-00033-00025248-00025560 no money nothing now when you say come and give
QhWwUndTBUk-00034-00025616-00025960 you can't give here because there's no juju that has made you to give
QhWwUndTBUk-00035-00026232-00026632 but then when they say come and give
QhWwUndTBUk-00036-00026632-00027016 even your last man in the bank you are taking it and you don't know why
QhWwUndTBUk-00037-00027568-00028183 this is 2021 let the right generation rise
QhWwUndTBUk-00038-00028839-00029152 i'm saying let the right generation rise in the name of jesus
QhWwUndTBUk-00039-00029272-00029888 in the name of jesus be touched wherever you are in jesus mighty name
QhWwUndTBUk-00040-00031552-00031976 you know they was telling you that until when are we going to be controlled by people
QhWwUndTBUk-00041-00032072-00032672 you know this is the time that god must come now and say i want to rule my own people
QhWwUndTBUk-00042-00032936-00033064 are you hearing me what i'm trying to say
QhWwUndTBUk-00043-00033616-00034064 whatever that is trying to rise the enemy kills whoever kills
QhWwUndTBUk-00044-00035152-00035616 we are we are entering a new era now of life oh you know me
QhWwUndTBUk-00045-00035864-00036584 don't rush for things ministry is not age
QhWwUndTBUk-00046-00036784-00037120 one time i was telling you that there's never too early or too late
QhWwUndTBUk-00047-00037416-00037984 the time of god is always the best it's never too early or too late
QhWwUndTBUk-00048-00038088-00038856 if it's the right time of god he'll come and use you
QjuabOD72zA-00000-00000000-00000215 The U.S. Army Research Laboratory hosted
QjuabOD72zA-00001-00000215-00000395 its Program Formulation Meeting March
QjuabOD72zA-00002-00000395-00000624 20th to the 23rd at the Mallette
QjuabOD72zA-00003-00000624-00000779 Training Facility at Aberdeen Proving
QjuabOD72zA-00004-00000779-00000992 Ground, Maryland, in hopes of building
QjuabOD72zA-00005-00000992-00001242 bridges with stakeholders and gathering
QjuabOD72zA-00006-00001242-00001461 feedback to influence the future of army
QjuabOD72zA-00007-00001461-00001707 research...  "And if we don't as a community
QjuabOD72zA-00008-00001707-00002100 come together at the beginning to get
QjuabOD72zA-00009-00002100-00002327 after how we're going to engineer
QjuabOD72zA-00010-00002327-00002571 complex systems I think we're missing it."
QjuabOD72zA-00011-00002571-00002826 Acting ARL Director Dr. Phillip Perconti
QjuabOD72zA-00012-00002826-00003015 unveiled the nine essential
QjuabOD72zA-00013-00003015-00003213 research areas that he said the
QjuabOD72zA-00014-00003213-00003438 laboratory must address to support the
QjuabOD72zA-00015-00003438-00003678 Army of 2050.  "I don't think it should be
QjuabOD72zA-00016-00003678-00003971 any surprise to anybody really about
QjuabOD72zA-00017-00003971-00004146 some of the things that we are
QjuabOD72zA-00018-00004146-00004335 considering to be essential research
QjuabOD72zA-00019-00004335-00004607 areas." The areas cover a broad spectrum
QjuabOD72zA-00020-00004607-00004842 of future technology challenges. The
QjuabOD72zA-00021-00004842-00004992 director said the future of research
QjuabOD72zA-00022-00004992-00005241 depends on collaboration. Major General
QjuabOD72zA-00023-00005241-00005480 Cedric T. Wins. commanding general of the
QjuabOD72zA-00024-00005480-00005652 U.S. ArmyResearch Development and
QjuabOD72zA-00025-00005652-00005846 Engineering Command, told the gathering
QjuabOD72zA-00026-00005846-00006098 that the Army chief of staff has set the
QjuabOD72zA-00027-00006098-00006273 priorities for the future of the force
QjuabOD72zA-00028-00006273-00006558 as number one, readiness, number two,
QjuabOD72zA-00029-00006558-00006792 readiness of the future force, and number
QjuabOD72zA-00030-00006792-00007059 three, taking care of the troops. "We have
QjuabOD72zA-00031-00007059-00007434 to be focused on what it is that the
QjuabOD72zA-00032-00007434-00007668 Army has set forward as the priority
QjuabOD72zA-00033-00007668-00007959 areas in material development...in
QjuabOD72zA-00034-00007959-00008208 development of future capabilities to give
QjuabOD72zA-00035-00008208-00008508 our Soldiers the technological advantage
QjuabOD72zA-00036-00008508-00008811 that they need in the event that they
QjuabOD72zA-00037-00008811-00009096 are called upon in war." The annual
QjuabOD72zA-00038-00009096-00009315 meeting brings together Army engineers
QjuabOD72zA-00039-00009315-00009554 researchers and scientists with military
QjuabOD72zA-00040-00009554-00009693 and civilian representatives from
QjuabOD72zA-00041-00009693-00009903 organizations like the program executive
QjuabOD72zA-00042-00009903-00010100 offices, the Training and Doctrine
QjuabOD72zA-00043-00010100-00010320 Command and various research development
QjuabOD72zA-00044-00010320-00010575 and engineering partners. "Basically the
QjuabOD72zA-00045-00010575-00010779 mission of S&T in the Army is to really
QjuabOD72zA-00046-00010779-00011015 look at you know the current force as
QjuabOD72zA-00047-00011015-00011147 well as the future force and there's a
QjuabOD72zA-00048-00011147-00011427 balance here and how we actually place
QjuabOD72zA-00049-00011427-00011709 resources to meet the existing
QjuabOD72zA-00050-00011709-00011871 challenges we're seeing in theater and
QjuabOD72zA-00051-00011871-00012132 then how do we really focus on the
QjuabOD72zA-00052-00012132-00012314 future and what emerging opportunities
QjuabOD72zA-00053-00012314-00012531 might be occurring so we can actually help
QjuabOD72zA-00054-00012531-00012696 the Army with defining what a future
QjuabOD72zA-00055-00012696-00012941 forces." The director thanked attendees
QjuabOD72zA-00056-00012941-00013137 for helping to shape future research.
QjuabOD72zA-00057-00013137-00013324 "Your help in this is
QjuabOD72zA-00058-00013324-00013558 vitally important to really critique
QjuabOD72zA-00059-00013558-00013831 what we're doing what our plans are and
QjuabOD72zA-00060-00013831-00014056 where we're going to go together in the
QjuabOD72zA-00061-00014056-00014288 future hopefully to address these
QjuabOD72zA-00062-00014294-00014522 essential research areas."
QjuabOD72zA-00063-00014522-00014746 For ARL-TV, I'm David McNally
QkKOMqAkKf0-00000-00000294-00000885 welcome back viewers and for those new viewers I'm steady today we're Tennessee Nationals as
QkKOMqAkKf0-00001-00000885-00001335 you may have noticed for 2020 I've gone with Cancri components the last upgrade is gonna
QkKOMqAkKf0-00002-00001335-00001863 be the 160 travel air helm for thanks to slowy the head of rider relations at Cane
QkKOMqAkKf0-00003-00001863-00002907 Creek there's a lot of pros on the shuttle headed up for some runs but where are these
QkKOMqAkKf0-00004-00002907-00004149 crazy rigs going let's follow them to the other side of the park looks like they're
QkKOMqAkKf0-00005-00004149-00004566 having a hill time and then going on you thought mountain biking was expensive well guess again
QkKOMqAkKf0-00006-00006934-00007359 every event a twin rod is always family friendly and always encouraged
QkKOMqAkKf0-00007-00010385-00010940 let's head back over the Tennessee Nationals grab a shuttle and do a course walk maybe we can lock
QkKOMqAkKf0-00008-00010940-00011858 out with little POV from my buddy Harrison yeah like just leave it like that let it run
QkKOMqAkKf0-00009-00011858-00012809 till we get the bottom push the off button oh yeah that's gonna drop me are you kidding me
QkKOMqAkKf0-00010-00012809-00014726 Kevin that's [ __ ] I put on some fresh petals so I just want to make sure that they're Yuji
QkKOMqAkKf0-00011-00015100-00015427 Winrock is a real deal if you're looking for the gnar
QkKOMqAkKf0-00012-00015655-00016555 it doesn't let up it's not give you a break this is where the pros go to train Oh
QkKOMqAkKf0-00013-00017440-00017962 nobody talks to me it takes control
QkKOMqAkKf0-00014-00019794-00019911 nice and smooth
QkKOMqAkKf0-00015-00023640-00024615 t-that you'd go you got it get on [ __ ] you too crazy I'd sleep on camera
QkKOMqAkKf0-00016-00026131-00026302 yeah quit looking
QkKOMqAkKf0-00017-00029166-00029858 get it very clean clean and that they said you're the owner yeah
QkKOMqAkKf0-00018-00032083-00032588 I think the locals are going to clean house at the Nashville today
QkKOMqAkKf0-00019-00033994-00033997 Oh
QkKOMqAkKf0-00020-00035890-00036235 just like my mate I wanna eat
QkKOMqAkKf0-00021-00037981-00038302 you
QkKOMqAkKf0-00022-00040407-00042573 you years of [ __ ] factory racing big shout-out to Cane Creek for sponsoring
QkKOMqAkKf0-00023-00042573-00042804 this event the five isn't swag for all the winners
QkKOMqAkKf0-00024-00047394-00048591 Teno turn is it a 20/20 Tennessee National he's doing it for in Factory Racing only 236
QkKOMqAkKf0-00025-00051138-00053739 today year is always from our juniors
QkKOMqAkKf0-00026-00054080-00054957 national here in Tennessee with in USA the elite men
QkKOMqAkKf0-00027-00070680-00073158 wrapping up the weekend with a whip off was amazing make
QkKOMqAkKf0-00028-00073158-00073515 sure to subscribe but don't forget put a little harder and don't touch the brakes
QlnyX9GJzkk-00000-00000184-00000298 اخخخخخ
QlnyX9GJzkk-00001-00000598-00000930 شو هل الحياة صاير بتخزي وبتعرر
QlnyX9GJzkk-00002-00001038-00001160 صايرة بتخزي وبتعرر
QlnyX9GJzkk-00004-00001362-00001598 موش لو هسا معي جب رنج روفر
QlnyX9GJzkk-00005-00001705-00001973 مع هل القصر والمناظر الخلابة
Qm5kFtMojiy-00000-00000003-00000609 welcome to cooking with a ranger Rob grab your aprons people we're gonna make something good
Qm5kFtMojiy-00001-00000609-00001497 today this video is made possible by Ranger Rob poopy bags available in Amazon right now hi guys
Qm5kFtMojiy-00002-00001497-00002034 welcome to cooking with Ranger Rob and today it's a quick video we're just going to make a
Qm5kFtMojiy-00003-00002034-00002607 really yummy steak and the way we're gonna do that is we got a one rib eye Cherie and I buy
Qm5kFtMojiy-00004-00002607-00003570 big rib eyes that we split them and so all I did was use a little bit of olive oil salt and
Qm5kFtMojiy-00005-00003570-00004647 pepper garlic and holy cow seasonings and get it all ready right here and that's it for seasoning
Qm5kFtMojiy-00006-00004647-00005415 and I'm going to cook it in the trigger and get the temperature up to about 125 once I get it
Qm5kFtMojiy-00007-00005415-00006318 to 125 the internal temperature we're going to use the black stone to sear and finish off the
Qm5kFtMojiy-00008-00006318-00006936 steaks once we do that then I'll take you to a cutting board and cut it up in small pieces and
Qm5kFtMojiy-00009-00006936-00007770 four little slices and it should be beautiful so if you want a quick steak if you don't have
Qm5kFtMojiy-00010-00007770-00008496 a black stone and you have a cast-iron skillet heat it up put a little oil in it have it ready
Qm5kFtMojiy-00011-00008496-00009192 soon as you're ready to take it off the trigger take it into the kitchen throw it under a real
Qm5kFtMojiy-00012-00009192-00009828 hot skillet sear both sides and get those flavors in it and it will be a delicious steak check your
Qm5kFtMojiy-00013-00009828-00010707 internal temperature and I'm shooting for around 132 to 135 and it should be just perfect with
Qm5kFtMojiy-00014-00010707-00011268 just a touch of red in it how to be yummy so that's how I make it easy steak I'll show you
Qm5kFtMojiy-00015-00011268-00011787 the pictures of how I go through this process okay guys we get the steak in the trigger name
Qm5kFtMojiy-00016-00011838-00012777 got the trigger set at 350 degrees will be more like 325 and we're going to take it up turn it a
Qm5kFtMojiy-00017-00012777-00013359 few times get some nice cross marks into it turn it but I'm gonna get the internal temperature
Qm5kFtMojiy-00018-00013359-00014163 there like 125 keep checking it when I'm ready we're gonna fire this baby up in Syria so now
Qm5kFtMojiy-00019-00014163-00015051 we just kick back and wait for it to cook we got this baby up to about 125 and now got the black
Qm5kFtMojiy-00020-00015051-00015822 stone heating up I get it over 300 degrees way I can check that as a I use come around here a
Qm5kFtMojiy-00021-00015822-00016824 little electronic thermometer give it a zap we're definitely over 350 degrees so now we're going to
Qm5kFtMojiy-00022-00016824-00017514 move the stink to the grill and sear it all right we're ready to put this steak on here to sear I'm
Qm5kFtMojiy-00023-00017514-00018087 gonna reach up underneath my black stone grab my weight place it on the top of this thing and let
Qm5kFtMojiy-00024-00018087-00018666 it sear for about a minute or two and then I'm going to do a temperature test in the middle
Qm5kFtMojiy-00025-00018666-00019134 here and see if I'm not overcooking it and I'm doing really good so far so now it's time to
Qm5kFtMojiy-00026-00019134-00019704 turn it over sear the other side put the weight on there and I'm gonna do a temperature test one
Qm5kFtMojiy-00027-00019704-00020394 more time and yep I was right on target it was shooting for around 1:30 and took it off and
Qm5kFtMojiy-00028-00020394-00020844 it was time to take it into the kitchen and do a little bit of cut up doesn't that look beautiful
Qm5kFtMojiy-00029-00020844-00021573 and you can see that I have a beautiful pinkness in the middle and basically what I do is I like
Qm5kFtMojiy-00030-00021573-00022248 to slice these up into pieces like this put it all on one plate when I'm done and serve it and sherry
Qm5kFtMojiy-00031-00022248-00022854 and I will just take the portions that we like together I usually I take well should be 50/50
Qm5kFtMojiy-00032-00022854-00023529 but it turns out more like 60/40 but delicious threw it on the plate here and we're ready to
Qm5kFtMojiy-00033-00023529-00024204 go and you can just the pinkness was perfect the seasoning was just right and I was very
Qm5kFtMojiy-00034-00024204-00024938 very happy with it and it was an over seasoned of course I have to do a little bite oh yeah
Qm5kFtMojiy-00035-00025352-00026057 well super yummy thank you very much for watching our video please take the time
Qm5kFtMojiy-00036-00026057-00026620 to like subscribe and share our videos all over the whole wide world thanks
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00000-00000000-00001592 foreign
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00001-00004336-00004664 good morning everyone this is ranger rob and welcome to the ranger rob
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00002-00004744-00005368 country living once again it's another gray cold windy day and uh
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00003-00005568-00006024 it's kind of sad when you kind of sit in this time of year because none of the flowers are
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00004-00006024-00006704 really blooming it's not very green the grass is kind of brown the water systems are off
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00005-00006792-00007528 the leaves of fall of fall fell down and the grasses nothing but leaves and things like that
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00006-00007528-00008256 it's almost depressing but it's also insightful knowing that uh this place will come to life
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00007-00008256-00008992 pretty soon this is normally all green and sorry about the wind i usually add my tomatoes here
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00008-00009072-00009800 i do have my trigger out but it's uh really cold when i'm cooking and uh all the pots are empty
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00009-00009904-00010952 um projects are going really slow and uh yeah i'm looking forward to uh when things uh start coming
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00010-00010952-00011728 to life on the homestead here we've got so much coming up uh pellet stoves coming in this week
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00011-00011808-00012496 people are eventually gonna get the siding done uh structures to build rabbit hutches
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00012-00012568-00013063 we are gonna go with american rabbits once again i told you i think we're working with sprague
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00013-00013144-00013952 river homestead to get our rabbits uh another thing i'd like to do is bring in some checker
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00014-00014040-00014688 but hopefully i have enough time to build all these pens and uh the rabbit hutches we want
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00015-00014688-00015136 them to be kind of roomy i just don't want to get rabbits and just stick them in a little
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00016-00015224-00015872 small area and not let them thrive so we're really contemplating what that
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00017-00015976-00016784 rabbit hutch design is going to look like so uh yeah that's this is the time of year
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00018-00016784-00017304 to kind of plan things out uh we've got to start planning what we're going to do with this garden
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00019-00017368-00018040 make sure we have our seeds which we have most of it uh we need the fence
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00020-00018192-00018744 if you haven't noticed i have two rambunctious dogs this whole area will get fenced before we
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00021-00018744-00019536 plant it but we still gotta bring some more uh compost in on this blend it one more time and then
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00022-00019656-00020456 add in our water system that'll be pretty easy and uh we should have a flourishing garden
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00023-00020536-00021216 by then we'll have our freeze dryer that'll be really cool and here's our little ladies hi girls
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00024-00021528-00022096 they actually look like they're doing pretty good ah let's go see what kind of gifts they give us
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00025-00022256-00022816 i still gotta remind you remember the days come out here nothing that's what we've got today
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00026-00022968-00023768 well we got two eggs there one egg there i remind you that one of them each one of
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00027-00023768-00024344 those have a ceramic egg in it and uh see what we gotta win this side like i said
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00028-00024344-00025384 they've never laid egg on this side yet look at that brand new egg right there thank you girls
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00029-00026656-00026864 they're so proud of themselves leaving us eggs
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00030-00026976-00028183 so uh yeah let me grab some eggs and uh we'll talk some more
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00031-00030664-00031368 well we got four eggs today got them just cleaned up pretty happy about that um something is also
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00032-00031368-00032064 kind of sad i don't know if you've noticed oh i was doing any photos earlier is uh look here
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00033-00032304-00033032 because of the co-bed we weren't able to get our presents to the grandkids and that's kind of sad
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00034-00033032-00033608 but uh we knew we needed to give them a couple of days because they got a friend of theirs exposed
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00035-00033680-00034472 mike my son and her uh kids to covet so they were kind of keeping their distance which in turn
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00036-00034592-00035112 really messed up our christmas we also once again we got the pellet stove coming in this week
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00037-00035168-00035744 the other thing that we're starting to take a look at is the green room this is the green room
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00038-00035816-00036224 and uh yes it even has some exercise equipment in it
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00039-00036296-00037160 so uh we're starting to get this ready uh we actually have some broccoli starters here uh
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00040-00037272-00037816 we were gonna put them out in the other garden but the anyway so they've just been sitting
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00041-00037816-00038392 there kind of growing so we'll probably plant them uh when we think we're over our last frost
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00042-00038472-00039264 uh these uh are stamped places to put our seedlings we can actually take these little pieces
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00043-00039264-00040168 of metal and put them across here too so we can put seedlings here seedlings here it's relatively
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00044-00040360-00041008 50 degrees or so in here no heating we also have some of the house plants that were in here
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00045-00041096-00041784 um actually they're flourishing and uh so this room will really change a lot when we start
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00046-00041784-00042624 getting our seedlings in here so uh that's not that far away and uh with the new pellet stove
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00047-00042696-00043200 we should be getting actually more heat in here but once we don't we don't want at the same room
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00048-00043200-00043696 temperature as a house but uh a great place to keep our seedlings until they're ready to go
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00049-00043696-00044544 outside so yeah this is also where we put some of our pellets for the pellet stove and it'll
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00050-00044544-00045160 be interesting to learn how to live life with a pellet stove and how it affects our heating
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00051-00045160-00046384 in the whole house so uh yeah this room is gonna come to life something fierce
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00052-00047608-00048120 hi guys that was my day today um picked up about four eggs today did a little walk in the
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00053-00048120-00048752 yard kind of uh sad to see everything's still dormant um thought i'd enjoy a cup of coffee
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00054-00049000-00049656 and uh i decided to do some of those side um pictures that you saw in this video using uh
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00055-00049656-00050216 what i call it canon g40 is what we use it's a beautiful little camera and we love it
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00056-00050272-00050728 and uh the other thing you probably didn't know is most well you probably know but most of the time i
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00057-00050728-00051384 do my stuff with gopro uh what a convenient camera these are actually gopro threes i have more than
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00058-00051384-00052176 one and uh the reason i like it is the new newer gopros actually they've complained ever since that
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00059-00052176-00052688 the sound hasn't been as good as the older ones so i've been sticking with my i'm going to run these
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00060-00052688-00053328 till they drop and uh believe me they've got some uh issues but uh they're definitely still working
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00061-00053328-00054144 well and uh you know why spend money on on crazy equipment until if you're doing all right with
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00062-00054144-00055055 what you got so anyway uh big year this year just wind up kind of this this week's going to
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00063-00055055-00055576 be kind of tying in with you big changes we changed our lives a lot around here and um
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00064-00055679-00056391 i actually gave up my radio station and television stuff to uh one is the slow down a little bit
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00065-00056391-00057136 it's not to slow down but um to use my time more wisely i have so many things coming on to the
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00066-00057136-00057824 homestead and uh a lot of work needs to be done and right now is kind of that transition of
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00067-00057912-00058567 just planning but i wish we could uh be out there working still cold and windy things like that and
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00068-00058567-00059167 so uh uh i'm kind of trying to create the mood for you guys to kind of realize we're in that mode
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00069-00059167-00060055 right now of waiting uh for this season to begin uh get our projects started and uh start showing
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00070-00060055-00060728 you how we build our stuff and this homestead also has so much stuff that we need to get rid of
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00071-00060784-00061248 um that's going to be quite a project so this spring i think we're having a estate sale
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00072-00061320-00061967 and yeah it just goes on and on so and the big thing i want to also tell you is continue prepping
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00073-00062055-00062552 i don't know what the future's going to bring but it sure looks a little rocky and uh make sure you
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00074-00062552-00063184 have a lot of extra food a couple of flashlights around um be able to cook something if you got a
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00075-00063184-00063784 little coleman stove or something that you can put out in the porch uh or something just in
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00076-00063784-00064455 case you need to heat up water um i'm not going to go into the miseries of what could happen
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00077-00064455-00065160 but it should be nice to know you have stuff ready in case you need uh we have any issues for a while
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00078-00065264-00065824 so anyway guys i want to thank you very much for watching um please take the time to like subscribe
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00079-00065824-00066368 and share our videos all over please say um down in the comments below say hello tell me what
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00080-00066368-00067088 you're doing getting ready for spring to come are you or even thinking about hey maybe i'm gonna go
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00081-00067176-00067624 try to buy some property or do something now since the interest rates are low or whatever
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00082-00067712-00068272 so you have a little more yard to do some of your own growing i'd love to hear what you're
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00083-00068272-00068928 doing are you doing anything are you concerned i'd love to know so anyway guys please be safe please
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00084-00068928-00069376 make sure you like and subscribe and all that good stuff we appreciate it and we'll talk to you later
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00085-00069376-00070184 bye now our videos are made possible by ranger rob poopy bags available at amazon right now
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00086-00070248-00070624 thank you very much for watching our video please take the time to like
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00087-00070624-00071088 subscribe and share our videos all over the whole wide world
R0LU9fKL3Q0-00088-00071088-00072256 thanks you
R15uBLFZhwU-00001-00004356-00004428 thank you
R15uBLFZhwU-00002-00005556-00006834 hey good night
R15uBLFZhwU-00003-00011562-00012420 thank you
R2AmN7t-4mc-00000-00000000-00000170 Fatigue.
R2AmN7t-4mc-00001-00000170-00000818 This refers to extreme tiredness-- not typical day-to-day tiredness, but a
R2AmN7t-4mc-00002-00000818-00001319 feeling of exhaustion weakness and lack of energy.
R42clgH_iR4-00000-00000032-00000115 Hello again!
R42clgH_iR4-00001-00000156-00000570 Today I'll talk about the update of bevel gears maker in basic version.
R42clgH_iR4-00002-00000640-00001011 It contains significant changes so I think it is worth to hear about.
R42clgH_iR4-00003-00001084-00001496 As usual, it should take two to three weeks to be available in the store.
R42clgH_iR4-00004-00001566-00001972 All buyers will be notified when new package will appear for download
R42clgH_iR4-00005-00001972-00002262 and all links will be available under the video.
R42clgH_iR4-00006-00002332-00002628 If you like this, please thumbs up and subscribe the channel.
R42clgH_iR4-00007-00003744-00004348 Most important difference is that I decided to merge and extend functionalities of basic and medium versions.
R42clgH_iR4-00008-00004498-00005178 According to this change, now it is available to create external and internal shafts from 10 to 160 degrees.
R42clgH_iR4-00009-00005280-00005810 If you use medium or advanced version, you notified that for high or low angles of shafts
R42clgH_iR4-00010-00005810-00006068 all set can be located very high or low.
R42clgH_iR4-00011-00006178-00006726 It was changed and now set is centered in the Y-axis no matter what value of shaft angle is.
R42clgH_iR4-00012-00007164-00007602 But if you want the value of shift you can get it from descriptions of components.
R42clgH_iR4-00013-00008492-00009096 "Y" parameter contains this value so if you need to move gears to match cone apex with global center
R42clgH_iR4-00014-00009096-00009360 you can use it as shift in Y-axis.
R42clgH_iR4-00015-00009534-00009782 I'll talk about whole description later.
R42clgH_iR4-00016-00009888-00010498 If you saw my previous videos about planetary gears and racks maker you know that there's of course more improvements.
R42clgH_iR4-00017-00010566-00010708 The same is here.
R42clgH_iR4-00018-00010800-00011214 Algorithm for better generating of tooth has been used in bevels too.
R42clgH_iR4-00019-00011352-00011918 Due to this root fillet radius of gears has been removed because no matter tooth has undercut or not
R42clgH_iR4-00020-00011918-00012238 it will be always cut accurate and in a high precision.
R42clgH_iR4-00021-00012292-00012616 The only thing to do is to set the clearance as should be.
R42clgH_iR4-00022-00012726-00013080 Another useful thing is the ability for changing tooth's width.
R42clgH_iR4-00023-00013144-00013476 Now you can set it to manual and change if you need.
R42clgH_iR4-00024-00013536-00014072 There's also an option for making 1:1 shafts, so pinion and wheel can have the same number of teeth.
R42clgH_iR4-00025-00014208-00014758 Autoloading of last used parameters which is a standard in my other plugins is also available.
R42clgH_iR4-00026-00014888-00015106 Backward compatibility works.
R42clgH_iR4-00027-00015141-00015530 So if you have some files with parameters and you didn't change them manually
R42clgH_iR4-00028-00015530-00015741 they should be read without any problems.
R42clgH_iR4-00029-00016374-00016890 The only warnings or errors will be visible when some parameter exceeds range, nothing else.
R42clgH_iR4-00030-00017910-00018410 Less important change in case of bevels is the fact that crest width (top land thickness)
R42clgH_iR4-00031-00018410-00018772 less than 1/10 of module doesn't block the process.
R42clgH_iR4-00032-00018822-00019152 If you need such sharp teeth for any reason - you'll get them.
R42clgH_iR4-00033-00019232-00019308 Ok.
R42clgH_iR4-00034-00019352-00019568 They were a changes more under the hood.
R42clgH_iR4-00035-00019568-00019768 Let's talk about UI make-up.
R42clgH_iR4-00036-00019890-00020428 Ugly, big and old-style buttons have been unified and standarized as in my previous plugins.
R42clgH_iR4-00037-00020490-00020810 On the top of window there appeard a "Menu" section with save,
R42clgH_iR4-00038-00020810-00021080 load and reset buttons moved from the bottom.
R42clgH_iR4-00039-00021186-00021466 Right below there are buttons to select preview:
R42clgH_iR4-00040-00021466-00021860 no preview, standard 3D and 3D with descriptions.
R42clgH_iR4-00041-00021944-00022280 These coarse models doesn't show every aspect of gears
R42clgH_iR4-00042-00022280-00022610 but they're enough to see basic dimensions of all set
R42clgH_iR4-00043-00022610-00022920 and can be very helpful at the initial stage of planning.
R42clgH_iR4-00044-00023022-00023482 Now you no longer need to run this and waiting for results to see what will happen.
R42clgH_iR4-00045-00023604-00024040 Descriptions show few other parameters like pitch diameter (d), pitch cone angle (δ),
R42clgH_iR4-00046-00024040-00024520 virtual pitch radius (R), number of virtual teeth (zv) and cone distance (Re - common value).
R42clgH_iR4-00047-00024586-00025006 Last input in this area is the checkbox for adding joints automatically.
R42clgH_iR4-00048-00025054-00025446 If you want to quickly check gears in motion, this option is for you.
R42clgH_iR4-00049-00025588-00025818 Defining motion links is also simpler.
R42clgH_iR4-00050-00025877-00026360 When we back to the descripions of components we'll see more parameters than "Y" mentioned before.
R42clgH_iR4-00051-00026427-00026904 In the "Motion link formulas..." section you can find expressions for proper motion link.
R42clgH_iR4-00052-00027020-00027386 Let's say, we want to define a motion link between the pinion and wheel
R42clgH_iR4-00053-00027386-00028022 so the first joint belongs to pinion (input) second to wheel (output) and we need to get this formula.
R42clgH_iR4-00054-00028892-00029132 No "reverse" or other clicks needed.
R42clgH_iR4-00055-00029900-00030218 "Add chamfers?" checkbox has been replaced by buttons.
R42clgH_iR4-00056-00030316-00030568 Option which also should help is estimated time.
R42clgH_iR4-00057-00030632-00031238 Of course, fresh installed plugin will not show statistics, but over time you'll get better and better estimation.
R42clgH_iR4-00058-00031370-00031777 File with statistics is located in the same folder as last used parameters.
R42clgH_iR4-00059-00032436-00032874 It contains no more than 100 last results for most important operations.
R42clgH_iR4-00060-00033070-00033362 Estimated time is rounded up to first 10 seconds.
R42clgH_iR4-00061-00033604-00034062 Another change is that the gears are created in a new document using direct design.
R42clgH_iR4-00062-00034156-00034380 Progress window has been also improved.
R42clgH_iR4-00063-00034484-00035058 It displays better described and more atomic steps so now it is better seen what's going on.
R42clgH_iR4-00064-00035216-00035634 It also contains button for cancelling process if you need but remember
R42clgH_iR4-00065-00035634-00036032 that long-running operations can postpone cancel until finish first
R42clgH_iR4-00066-00036032-00036662 so for biggest gears (300 teeth/40mm module) it can last over 10 seconds.
R42clgH_iR4-00067-00036832-00037106 Small but useful feature are axes.
R42clgH_iR4-00068-00037180-00037672 They can be simple obtain manually from cirular edges but plugin creates them automatically.
R42clgH_iR4-00069-00038240-00038528 Description of parameters have been improved too.
R42clgH_iR4-00070-00038708-00039046 They're also appeared toolclips which explains what parameters mean.
R42clgH_iR4-00071-00041766-00042114 In basic version there's no other option than straight teeth.
R42clgH_iR4-00072-00042170-00042656 Spiral and zerol remains in advanced version but this plugin will be also modified,
R42clgH_iR4-00073-00042656-00043006 fixed and extended of hypoid gears - be patient.
R42clgH_iR4-00074-00043166-00043796 If you use a new UI (toolbars), the plugin will be visible in a new tab "Shwivel" in "Design" workspace.
R42clgH_iR4-00075-00043876-00044340 I suggest to uninstall the older version and close the Fusion before installing a new one.
R42clgH_iR4-00076-00044404-00044954 Sometimes it may also be necessary to reset customization in the "Create" panel in "Solid" tab
R42clgH_iR4-00077-00044954-00045262 to remove duplicated plugin's icon from the old place.
R42clgH_iR4-00078-00045362-00045626 Ok, so try this in action.
R42clgH_iR4-00079-00055028-00055324 New version should appear in the store in this month.
R42clgH_iR4-00080-00055348-00055700 I have all the feedback from you about improvements but be patient,
R42clgH_iR4-00081-00055700-00056012 updates and fixes in other plugins are also underway.
R42clgH_iR4-00082-00056140-00056386 Thank you for watching this and see you next time.
R42clgH_iR4-00083-00056386-00056455 Bye.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00000-00000000-00000308 Hello everyone, this is Evildea, your God.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00001-00000308-00000508 And tonight we're going to play
R5xvdDwqzvU-00002-00000508-00000676 three Flash games.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00003-00000676-00000902 Now, these games were shown to me
R5xvdDwqzvU-00004-00000902-00001161 by Chuck Smith, and they're really fun.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00005-00001161-00001446 The first game I'm going to play is called
R5xvdDwqzvU-00006-00001446-00001996 QWOP, and I suppose it has that name
R5xvdDwqzvU-00007-00001996-00002317 because you have to use those keys
R5xvdDwqzvU-00008-00002317-00002446 when you play.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00009-00002446-00002746 I suppose that I'll just show you now.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00010-00002746-00002967 And as you can see, there's a runner,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00011-00002967-00003181 and I have to make him run.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00012-00003325-00003655 No, no! Fuck that. No!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00013-00003914-00004325 So, I move the foot, and then the other,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00014-00004325-00004481 then... shit!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00015-00004578-00004911 Move the foot, then the other foot...
R5xvdDwqzvU-00016-00004911-00005043 No, again! Every time!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00017-00005146-00005237 Onto his head.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00018-00005552-00005672 Fuck that!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00019-00005996-00006063 Shit!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00020-00006257-00006360 Ah, the final victory!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00021-00006645-00006954 I've found a way to hack the game!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00022-00007027-00007319 I wonder how long I can do this
R5xvdDwqzvU-00023-00007319-00007442 to get to the end.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00024-00007548-00007683 No, oh no!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00025-00007989-00008080 Thirteen metres.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00026-00008186-00008560 Do the worm, do the worm,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00027-00008560-00008960 do the worm with Evildea.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00028-00008960-00009242 I want to reach thirty metres!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00029-00009242-00009560 Shit, my fingers really hurt.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00030-00009719-00009904 One moment, one moment.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00031-00010474-00010830 Forwards, to the final victory!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00032-00010830-00011192 Zamenhof awaits you there!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00033-00011192-00011653 Forwards to the final victoryyyyy!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00034-00011692-00011877 And the second game I'm going to play
R5xvdDwqzvU-00035-00011877-00012074 is called Kanye Zone
R5xvdDwqzvU-00036-00012074-00012453 and you just have to keep Kanye's head
R5xvdDwqzvU-00037-00012453-00012609 away from the central circle,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00038-00012609-00012818 because if he reaches that place,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00039-00012818-00013109 he sings "I'm in the zone!"
R5xvdDwqzvU-00040-00013109-00013450 Or something like that... shit!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00041-00013450-00013750 In fact, it's really hard to say that
R5xvdDwqzvU-00042-00013750-00013980 while I'm playing. So now I'll just
R5xvdDwqzvU-00043-00013980-00014268 play a bit and I'll see if I can do it.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00044-00014395-00014650 You can't reach it, Kanye. I'm there.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00045-00015256-00015400 Fuck your head, Kanye.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00046-00015756-00016044 And I also win money if I - oh, shit!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00047-00016044-00016265 I totally... when I start talking again,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00048-00016265-00016400 I mess everything up.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00049-00016400-00016582 It's your fault I messed it up.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00050-00016785-00017030 His head is moving even faster.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00051-00017156-00017456 You can't enter your zone.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00052-00018109-00018306 And now the very last game,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00053-00018306-00018553 which is probably my favourite.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00054-00018553-00018915 It's called Robotic Unicorn Guy.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00055-00019006-00019262 So, we'll just play and you'll see for yourself.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00056-00019745-00020118 Look at him, how beautiful he is.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00057-00020118-00020221 I'll call him...
R5xvdDwqzvU-00058-00020418-00020776 Rainbow! Yes, that's a suitable name
R5xvdDwqzvU-00059-00020776-00020994 for my unicorn.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00060-00020994-00021256 Rainbow, you must save...
R5xvdDwqzvU-00061-00021256-00021600 Shit. I just killed Rainbow.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00062-00021600-00021947 Rainbow Two, you must save the world
R5xvdDwqzvU-00063-00021947-00022109 from the big stars,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00064-00022109-00022332 because they're dangerous.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00065-00022706-00022953 How fucking funny is the appearance
R5xvdDwqzvU-00066-00022953-00023118 of this game, really?!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00067-00023297-00023585 You have to save the world
R5xvdDwqzvU-00068-00023585-00024014 from the big stars - shit!
R5xvdDwqzvU-00069-00024135-00024373 So, that's almost the whole game,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00070-00024373-00024502 to tell the truth.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00071-00024502-00024726 So, if you liked this game, like it,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00072-00024726-00024897 share it - or the video,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00073-00024897-00025147 not the game itself - share it, subscribe
R5xvdDwqzvU-00074-00025147-00025376 to my channel if you haven't yet subscribed,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00075-00025376-00025614 and I'll see you in the next film.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00076-00025614-00025885 And if you're not there, I'll find you,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00077-00025885-00026114 and I'll play Flash games for you
R5xvdDwqzvU-00078-00026114-00026255 while you're sleeping.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00079-00026514-00026720 And as always, I want to thank my donors
R5xvdDwqzvU-00080-00026720-00026829 at Patreon, they are:
R5xvdDwqzvU-00081-00026829-00026973 Alexander Tollefsen
R5xvdDwqzvU-00082-00026973-00027061 jzknuckles
R5xvdDwqzvU-00083-00027061-00027135 Koltarm
R5xvdDwqzvU-00084-00027135-00027208 sarah sc
R5xvdDwqzvU-00085-00027208-00027285 Tommy Linsley
R5xvdDwqzvU-00086-00027285-00027370 Slava Shklyaev
R5xvdDwqzvU-00087-00027370-00027444 Robert Nielsen
R5xvdDwqzvU-00088-00027444-00027497 Lupe
R5xvdDwqzvU-00089-00027497-00027578 and Shayne Power.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00090-00027578-00027834 And Alexander, I promise I'll learn how
R5xvdDwqzvU-00091-00027834-00027952 to pronounce your name.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00092-00027952-00028131 And if you want to donate to my channel
R5xvdDwqzvU-00093-00028131-00028287 so that it can get better in the future,
R5xvdDwqzvU-00094-00028287-00028505 you can via the link below
R5xvdDwqzvU-00095-00028505-00028634 in the description.
R5xvdDwqzvU-00096-00028634-00028700 Subtitles by the Amara.org community
R8ddsZaNftk-00000-00000110-00000630 🔔 Ring the bells that still can ring.
R8ddsZaNftk-00001-00000630-00001019 Forget the perfect offering.
R8ddsZaNftk-00002-00001019-00001520 ⚡ There is a crack, a crack in everything
R8ddsZaNftk-00003-00001520-00002030 That's how the light gets in.
R8ddsZaNftk-00004-00002030-00002510 🌃 Darkness breaks apart ...
R8ddsZaNftk-00005-00002510-00002830 Darkness breaks apart —
R8ddsZaNftk-00006-00002830-00003310 Express your dreams and sing our song
R8ddsZaNftk-00007-00003310-00003900 🗽 Freedom and liberty belong to your heart
R8ddsZaNftk-00008-00003900-00004330 May glory make us strong.
Rv8i5rEdEQA-00000-00000000-00000200 English lesson that was presented alongside Math activities
Rv8i5rEdEQA-00001-00000200-00000400 Presenter is Madam Gloria of St. Peters Primary Kaplamaiywa
Rzqph1bVPjg-00000-00000539-00000838 Hello Everyone
Rzqph1bVPjg-00001-00000838-00001400 Last week we examined Jesus' visit to the gentile region of Tyre and Sidon and, his
Rzqph1bVPjg-00002-00001400-00002041 encounter with a Canaanite woman who had begged him to cure her daughter.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00003-00002041-00002691 Jesus initially ignored her, and then rejected her demand because she was a gentile, but
Rzqph1bVPjg-00004-00002691-00003184 eventually, commended the woman for her great faith and granted the request.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00005-00003184-00004114 After that, Jesus returned to the Sea of Galilee, and went to the region of Caesarea Philippi.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00006-00004114-00004735 Caesarea Philippi lies approximately twenty-five miles north-east of the Sea of Galilee, at
Rzqph1bVPjg-00007-00004735-00004905 the foot of Mount Hermon.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00008-00004905-00005416 It is a unique and beautiful place.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00009-00005416-00005908 It was certainly an important place in ancient Israel.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00010-00005908-00006586 First of all, it was a place of many ancient gods, particularly the birthplace of the Greek
Rzqph1bVPjg-00011-00006586-00006839 god, Pan, the god of nature.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00012-00006839-00007512 Second, at the base of the mountain, there is a massive wall of rock that is well over
Rzqph1bVPjg-00013-00007512-00008425 100 feet straight up, and a cave, which used to be a source of water for the River Jordan.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00014-00008425-00008897 Scholars say that an earthquake blocked off the source, and now the water seeps up from
Rzqph1bVPjg-00015-00008897-00009532 underground and flows into streams to become the headwaters of the Jordan River.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00016-00009532-00010045 This abundant water supply has made the area very fertile and attractive for religious
Rzqph1bVPjg-00017-00010045-00010203 worship.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00018-00010203-00010924 Third, during the time of Jesus, it was outside the domain of Herod Antipas, who had ordered
Rzqph1bVPjg-00019-00010924-00011586 the killing of John the Baptist, and was within the area of Philip the Tetrarch, and its population
Rzqph1bVPjg-00020-00011586-00011711 was mostly non-Jews.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00021-00011711-00012407 Fourth, at the entrance to the cave, Philip had built a temple to Caesar.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00022-00012407-00012921 Hence, it was called Caesarea Philippi.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00023-00012921-00013687 By the time he went to Caesarea, Jesus had preached in many places and, performed many
Rzqph1bVPjg-00024-00013687-00013921 miracles and done amazing things.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00025-00013921-00014644 In his teaching, he often quoted the Jewish Scriptures with authority, and used parables
Rzqph1bVPjg-00026-00014644-00015119 to explain various aspects of his mission on earth.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00027-00015119-00015722 The disciples marvelled, the religious leaders and government officials were amazed, and
Rzqph1bVPjg-00028-00015722-00016343 the crowds were filled with wonder at all the things Jesus had said and done.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00029-00016343-00016849 But very few people understood the mission of Jesus, including his own disciples.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00030-00016849-00017493 A large majority of the Jewish people were confused, torn between Jesus' teachings and
Rzqph1bVPjg-00031-00017493-00017805 the Jewish scholars' teaching of the Law.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00032-00017805-00018565 The religious leaders disliked Jesus and eventually grew to hate Him to the extent that they were
Rzqph1bVPjg-00033-00018565-00018948 wishing to do him harm and even to kill him.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00034-00018948-00019612 Aware of their plan and his approaching death, Jesus left the region of Galilee, and went
Rzqph1bVPjg-00035-00019612-00020340 to Caesarea Philippi and there, he put all His disciples to the test, by first asking
Rzqph1bVPjg-00036-00020340-00021056 them what and how, His many followers thought of or perceive Him.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00037-00021056-00021662 He asked them who the people of His day thought he was, and they gave answers ranging from
Rzqph1bVPjg-00038-00021662-00022198 John the Baptist to one of the prophets of the olden times whom they thought had come
Rzqph1bVPjg-00039-00022198-00022475 back to life.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00040-00022475-00023069 But then he turned the question to them, his followers of a few years.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00041-00023069-00023359 They had travelled with him and heard him teach.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00042-00023359-00023631 They had witnessed his miracles.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00043-00023631-00024008 They had seen his great compassion and love for people.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00044-00024008-00024717 He asked them what they thought of him or who they believed him to be.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00045-00024717-00025330 Before any of the disciples answered, Simon replied, "You are the Messiah, the Son of
Rzqph1bVPjg-00046-00025330-00025505 the Living God!"
Rzqph1bVPjg-00047-00025505-00026527 The term "messiah" comes from the Hebrew word "mashiach", which means "anointed one" or
Rzqph1bVPjg-00048-00026527-00027394 "chosen one", and which is literally translated as "Christos" in Greek or "Christ" in English.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00049-00027394-00027995 The Messiah was the one God had promised to send to His people and the one God had anointed
Rzqph1bVPjg-00050-00027995-00028252 to be their deliverer.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00051-00028252-00028741 This was the person whom Peter, like his fellow Jewish brothers and sisters, had been waiting
Rzqph1bVPjg-00052-00028741-00028983 for a long time.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00053-00028983-00029442 He was the one who was going to ultimately save them.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00054-00029442-00030094 As far as Peter's confession that Jesus is the "Son of the living God", is concerned,
Rzqph1bVPjg-00055-00030094-00030682 his words fulfilled the Scriptures, but in time he and the others would come to realize
Rzqph1bVPjg-00056-00030682-00031139 that those words meant more than they had understood at the time.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00057-00031139-00031585 However, Jesus' response was swift.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00058-00031585-00032195 He warmly commended Peter's confession of faith and insight, which He pointed out, did
Rzqph1bVPjg-00059-00032195-00032778 not come from any human source, or from his own personal intuition, but rather it came
Rzqph1bVPjg-00060-00032778-00032911 from God Himself.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00061-00032911-00033684 That is to say, God the Father had revealed Jesus' true identity to him.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00062-00033684-00034325 Here, Peter's confession assumed a deeper level of understanding than the confessions
Rzqph1bVPjg-00063-00034325-00034534 that others had made.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00064-00034534-00035282 So, Jesus changed his Hebrew name "Simon" meaning "listen" to "Cephas" meaning "stone"
Rzqph1bVPjg-00065-00035282-00035975 or "rock", and which is translated as "Petros" in Greek and "Peter" in English.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00066-00035975-00036455 And then Jesus declared that upon this rock he would build his church, and "the gates
Rzqph1bVPjg-00067-00036455-00036774 of hell" would not prevail against her.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00068-00036774-00037388 That's to say, Peter and the other disciples would be the instrument to carry the Gospel
Rzqph1bVPjg-00069-00037388-00037994 message to the world and no one would have the power to destroy her.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00070-00037994-00038367 Jesus also promised to give them "the keys to the kingdom of heaven".
Rzqph1bVPjg-00071-00038367-00039071 Here, by the kingdom of heaven, we may consider the true Church or the house of God, and by
Rzqph1bVPjg-00072-00039071-00039690 the keys, the power of admitting into that house, or of barring any improper person from
Rzqph1bVPjg-00073-00039690-00039790 coming in.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00074-00039790-00040571 Finally, Jesus charged them not to tell others that He is the Messiah, Matthew (16:20).
Rzqph1bVPjg-00075-00040571-00041115 It was not because he was afraid of revealing his identity to the people but rather to avoid
Rzqph1bVPjg-00076-00041115-00041762 people's misconception of His true identity or making them disappointed.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00077-00041762-00042256 Because people had been expecting the Messiah, to come through the line of King David, and
Rzqph1bVPjg-00078-00042256-00042870 who would be a political figure destined to free the Jews from the Roman occupiers.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00079-00042870-00043419 And also, the disciples were not yet ready to proclaim the true nature of Jesus because
Rzqph1bVPjg-00080-00043419-00043690 of their own lack of understanding.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00081-00043690-00044183 What is the message for us?
Rzqph1bVPjg-00082-00044183-00044924 We generally associate "confession" with someone admitting one's guilt or moral lapse or a
Rzqph1bVPjg-00083-00044924-00045024 crime.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00084-00045024-00045544 However, in the Christian tradition a confession is a statement of belief in essential doctrines
Rzqph1bVPjg-00085-00045544-00045733 of faith.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00086-00045733-00046363 To confess means to affirm, declare or acknowledge what one believes is true.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00087-00046363-00047177 So, all Christians by definition are people who confess that Jesus is Lord.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00088-00047177-00047739 Peter made a bold, clear and direct confession of faith in the divinity of Jesus: "You are
Rzqph1bVPjg-00089-00047739-00048378 the Christ, the Son of the living God", and Jesus identified him as the rock on which
Rzqph1bVPjg-00090-00048378-00048537 He would build His Church.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00091-00048537-00049226 It is, therefore, important that first and foremost, we, as Christians, make a good,
Rzqph1bVPjg-00092-00049226-00049905 true, and personal confession of faith like Peter, that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of
Rzqph1bVPjg-00093-00049905-00050129 the Living God.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00094-00050129-00050729 And when we truly do confess our faith in Jesus Christ, we will become a member of His
Rzqph1bVPjg-00095-00050729-00051295 kingdom; our relationship with Him will become stronger; our inner being will become secure
Rzqph1bVPjg-00096-00051295-00051702 and firm, stable and steady, whole and intact.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00097-00051702-00052353 We will become like a rock, upon which our Lord Jesus will continue to advance and expand
Rzqph1bVPjg-00098-00052353-00052566 His Church and His Kingdom on earth.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00099-00052566-00053434 Hence, let us all, with Peter say, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."
Rzqph1bVPjg-00100-00053434-00053570 Amen.
Rzqph1bVPjg-00101-00053570-00053652 God Bless You!
RzzCfX5xqAI-00000-00000041-00000629 AutoCAD 2020 was released and none of my wishlist were included on the new
RzzCfX5xqAI-00001-00000629-00001525 features, so I decided to create them myself. enjoy autocad viewport mask!
RzzCfX5xqAI-00002-00002213-00002418 ...
RzzCfX5xqAI-00003-00002945-00003554 welcome to lazy arquitecto automation, if this is your first time here and you
RzzCfX5xqAI-00004-00003554-00004179 want to automate AutoCAD to accomplish more in less time, start now by
RzzCfX5xqAI-00005-00004179-00004992 subscribing and clicking the bell so you don't miss anything! I called this new
RzzCfX5xqAI-00006-00004992-00005700 AutoCAD command viewport xclip, but it's basically a viewport mask. as I mentioned
RzzCfX5xqAI-00007-00005700-00006318 autocad 2020 released didn't give us the tools to work with AutoCAD viewport
RzzCfX5xqAI-00008-00006318-00006855 above viewport, so let's create it together! to do this
RzzCfX5xqAI-00009-00006855-00007673 let's type cui and enter, this will open autocad customizable user interface. to
RzzCfX5xqAI-00010-00007673-00008181 create a new command in AutoCAD, we can duplicate any of the existing commands,
RzzCfX5xqAI-00011-00008181-00008642 rename it, and change its macro.
RzzCfX5xqAI-00012-00009292-00010181 let's quickly explain this AutoCAD macro. first, we'll use rectangle command, second
RzzCfX5xqAI-00013-00010181-00011003 will apply autocad wipeout command, P for polyline, L for last, and no to keep
RzzCfX5xqAI-00014-00011003-00011986 polyline. third, we will use the command change space, L for last. fourth, we will
RzzCfX5xqAI-00015-00011986-00012781 apply paper space command, and finally we'll use MV to create an AutoCAD
RzzCfX5xqAI-00016-00012781-00013544 viewport from the last object. now, to use our new AutoCAD command and
RzzCfX5xqAI-00017-00013544-00014159 have it always available we can add it to our AutoCAD ribbon, to our autocad
RzzCfX5xqAI-00018-00014159-00014850 tool palette or to our AutoCAD quick access panel. if you prefer to have them
RzzCfX5xqAI-00019-00014850-00015551 in your ribbon or tool palette, I'll leave links on video description. before we
RzzCfX5xqAI-00020-00015551-00016160 test our new command, let me hear your wish list for AutoCAD 2020 features on
RzzCfX5xqAI-00021-00016160-00017035 the comments! alright, let's test our new AutoCAD viewport mask!
RzzCfX5xqAI-00022-00017567-00018089 you've been watching to the lazy Arquitecto, I want to thank you and
RzzCfX5xqAI-00023-00018089-00018533 invite you to subscribe to the channel. until next Tuesday
RzzCfX5xqAI-00024-00018533-00018943 keep up sharing what you've learned!
R-YMYeyzWBo-00000-00000008-00000504 and here's a tip you can tell people at the farmers markets is
R-YMYeyzWBo-00001-00001256-00001928 so i get there around eight i set up my booth you know i've typically got two tables and then
R-YMYeyzWBo-00002-00001928-00002864 i've got like uh these these wooden things that go down that kind of level up the the trays so they
R-YMYeyzWBo-00003-00002864-00003656 sit above the table then i have tablecloth down under those under everything and uh then i just
R-YMYeyzWBo-00004-00003656-00004616 set all my trays down and i have trays underneath the table too on my extra trays and then as i go
R-YMYeyzWBo-00005-00004616-00005064 through these trays as i cut through them i just set them aside and pull from underneath and put
R-YMYeyzWBo-00006-00005064-00005664 new ones up there and then when people come up i walk them through everything and i offer if that
R-YMYeyzWBo-00007-00005664-00006264 you know if they seem like a buyer then i say you know is there anything you want to try and then
R-YMYeyzWBo-00008-00006264-00006992 when they try it they're like sold you know and it makes it really easy and then um so i've got
R-YMYeyzWBo-00009-00006992-00007823 all my microgreens set out and then i've got uh all my crops set out too so i've got like um
R-YMYeyzWBo-00010-00007952-00008624 i've got like these boxes where i set all my salad mixes in the box then i have like these
R-YMYeyzWBo-00011-00008712-00009504 these uh circular containers and that's where i set like like my squash or my tomatoes or peppers
R-YMYeyzWBo-00012-00009504-00010224 you know kind of the bigger the bigger stuff um but i really out i bring whatever i can sell so
R-YMYeyzWBo-00013-00010224-00010832 i'll sell all sort of sorts of mixed stuff but primarily i sell out of salad mixes like
R-YMYeyzWBo-00014-00010928-00011648 by if it starts at 9 by 11 i'm out of all my salad mixes i'll bring like 9 to 9 to 12 salad mixes
R-YMYeyzWBo-00015-00011840-00012328 all right so i'm just getting everything set up here i got pepper squash today
R-YMYeyzWBo-00016-00012528-00013144 this is kind of how i set up all my microgreens i've got all my trays out front here
R-YMYeyzWBo-00017-00013247-00013760 got signs that explain like how we grow you know we grow veganically no animal
R-YMYeyzWBo-00018-00013760-00015096 products no chemicals non-gmo follow me in the back i'll show you what else we've done
R-YMYeyzWBo-00019-00015247-00015584 green onions
R-YMYeyzWBo-00020-00015840-00016984 got my salad mix mix of uh lettuce sorrel and lamb's quarter
R-YMYeyzWBo-00021-00017256-00017336 this is uh
R-YMYeyzWBo-00022-00017544-00017864 new zealand spinach he's selling some of that
R-YMYeyzWBo-00023-00018336-00018840 i've got some uh some kale i still gotta get this going but the kale
R-YMYeyzWBo-00024-00018992-00019784 got some tomatoes tomatoes and more squash
R-YMYeyzWBo-00025-00020544-00020888 got some radishes these pretty radishes
R-YMYeyzWBo-00026-00021136-00021352 yeah so this is kind of what i do in the morning
R-YMYeyzWBo-00027-00021616-00021848 so i just get everything set up in the market
R-YMYeyzWBo-00028-00022248-00023032 we sell in two ounce bags so we'll like at the farmer's market we'll um we'll bring the living
R-YMYeyzWBo-00029-00023032-00023704 plant so i'll bring all my trays my truck and i'll just set up all the trays at the at the
R-YMYeyzWBo-00030-00023704-00024312 market and then i just cut it for people right on the spot in front of them and it's kind of like
R-YMYeyzWBo-00031-00024472-00025152 make your own mix sort of thing for five bucks so we charge five bucks and then people can
R-YMYeyzWBo-00032-00025152-00025568 pick whatever they want on the table and then i just put it in a bag form
R-YMYeyzWBo-00033-00025624-00026016 and then i get to the two ounce number and then i give it to them
R-YMYeyzWBo-00034-00026016-00026808 have you given any thought to like uh how much you're going to sell your greens for and stuff
R-YMYeyzWBo-00035-00026808-00027472 i think i'm gonna do probably for 2.5 ounce product five dollars and then
R-YMYeyzWBo-00036-00027527-00028224 just double that for five ounces so five and five and ten okay but i'm you kind of
R-YMYeyzWBo-00037-00028224-00028832 got my wheels turning with the uh the samples or not the samples the mixes
R-YMYeyzWBo-00038-00028936-00029680 so yeah my first market is next weekend okay what i noticed is people didn't just want one thing
R-YMYeyzWBo-00039-00029808-00030368 they wanted a mix of a bunch of different things so that could be something you might come up
R-YMYeyzWBo-00040-00030368-00031232 against where some people might like the idea of taking home a pad with the micro greens on it
R-YMYeyzWBo-00041-00031232-00031848 and then cutting it at home but then there might be other people that like the idea of
R-YMYeyzWBo-00042-00031848-00032432 mix and matching where maybe you give them a little broccoli and a little sunflower
R-YMYeyzWBo-00043-00032432-00033096 and a little peas all in one bag and they get you know a mix so they can try a little bit everything
R-YMYeyzWBo-00044-00033344-00033936 so like my deal with that was i was going to do my trays still but then every market i was going
R-YMYeyzWBo-00045-00033936-00034728 to bring a small amount of the take-home trays but then the obstacle i ran into was
R-YMYeyzWBo-00046-00034848-00035536 what do you give them to take home the the pat you know the coconut core pad with the greens on
R-YMYeyzWBo-00047-00035608-00036032 have you figured that one out like packaging do you mean
R-YMYeyzWBo-00048-00036096-00036712 yeah do like are you putting it in a plastic plastic package or are you giving them like action
R-YMYeyzWBo-00049-00036864-00037600 i'm using a uh so the pad is 5x7 and it just so happens that there's a company that creates
R-YMYeyzWBo-00050-00037600-00038088 they call it a better box by sun sugar farms and they have
R-YMYeyzWBo-00051-00038176-00038856 exactly the same dimensions of the pad and it's a box with the it's like the perfect height too
R-YMYeyzWBo-00052-00038856-00039712 for the microgreens to um like the full length i guess or the fully grown plant i should say
R-YMYeyzWBo-00053-00039776-00040464 and so that's just a cardboard box and it's pretty much you just open it up and then you
R-YMYeyzWBo-00054-00040464-00041080 can harvest it that way but i totally i totally do feel that people are kind of used to just
R-YMYeyzWBo-00055-00041080-00041800 getting something ready to like that's already cut and that's easy for them so that's definitely good
R-YMYeyzWBo-00056-00041800-00042480 to think about something to consider yeah that that's just one thing i observed during the market
R-YMYeyzWBo-00057-00042480-00043088 because you know we started with just sunflower and peas and that was it but then people wanted
R-YMYeyzWBo-00058-00043088-00043632 to try other things and that was just something that kept coming up every week was you know when
R-YMYeyzWBo-00059-00043632-00044224 are you gonna have new new uh new varieties and then we slowly started introducing more stuff
R-YMYeyzWBo-00060-00044304-00044864 all the stuff that we figured we wanted to grow was the stuff that from a health standpoint was
R-YMYeyzWBo-00061-00044864-00045480 the healthiest for that person right so we went into medical medium the life-changing foods book
R-YMYeyzWBo-00062-00045480-00046048 in the micro green section and he kind of lays out some of the greens that you should be growing
R-YMYeyzWBo-00063-00046120-00046808 so we started doing we originally started which is sunflower and peas then we brought on fenugreek
R-YMYeyzWBo-00064-00046928-00047864 then we brought on broccoli and now we're doing now the like all the stuff i bring i
R-YMYeyzWBo-00065-00047864-00049048 bring uh sunflower peas broccoli kohlrabi uh fenugreek uh started doing cilantro and then
R-YMYeyzWBo-00066-00049048-00049688 a new one we just started doing which has been really popular is uh garlic chives and that one
R-YMYeyzWBo-00067-00049760-00050352 i've been kind of surprised in how that one's taken off but um people have been really into
R-YMYeyzWBo-00068-00050352-00050808 that because you only need a little bit of the garlic chives and it goes a long way
R-YMYeyzWBo-00069-00050896-00051552 so it's perfect for these little mixed bags that i'm doing for people um i just cut a little and
R-YMYeyzWBo-00070-00051552-00052279 then i throw it in the bag and then my trays don't go as quick but what one thing i struggle with is
R-YMYeyzWBo-00071-00052367-00053016 with all the small stuff like the broccoli the kohlrabi the fenugreek the garlic chives
R-YMYeyzWBo-00072-00053016-00053679 you basically get two cuttings per tray oh we do radish too radish is another popular one
R-YMYeyzWBo-00073-00053832-00054104 but you only get two cuttings per 10 20 tray
R-YMYeyzWBo-00074-00054224-00054855 so like you're bringing all these trays and you're only getting two cuttings off the tray
R-YMYeyzWBo-00075-00054855-00055520 it doesn't seem like a whole lot right so we bring about 23 trays with us to market
R-YMYeyzWBo-00076-00055584-00056255 you know i just i bring as much of as much as i can and um because micro greens are new
R-YMYeyzWBo-00077-00056328-00056960 so whenever like uh i love doing this with kids because when kids come up they they're so drawn
R-YMYeyzWBo-00078-00056960-00057512 to the greens because it's cool right you have these these plants and they're looking at these
R-YMYeyzWBo-00079-00057512-00058000 plants and they're like mom what's you know what's this plant right so you cut them some
R-YMYeyzWBo-00080-00058000-00058696 greens let the kid try and then the kid does all the selling for for you because then he tries it
R-YMYeyzWBo-00081-00058767-00059440 and then he tells his mom well i want some of this and then the mom or the dad buys it you know um
R-YMYeyzWBo-00082-00059520-00060152 so yeah cut samples if you can like here they tell us not to cut samples but i still do it anyways
R-YMYeyzWBo-00083-00060272-00060696 you know it's it's i think it's it it sells people on your product
R-YMYeyzWBo-00084-00060784-00061784 and then i uh and here's a tip you can tell people at the farmers markets is um when they get home
R-YMYeyzWBo-00085-00061960-00062632 well first we buy bags with holes in them and that's going to allow airflow and cooling to take
R-YMYeyzWBo-00086-00062632-00063072 place they're going to put these in their fridge well when you put them in the fridge there'll
R-YMYeyzWBo-00087-00063072-00063608 still be moisture that collects so tell them to take a paper towel and stick a paper towel in
R-YMYeyzWBo-00088-00063608-00064248 with their microgreens that paper towel will suck up all the moisture nice so then they just have to
R-YMYeyzWBo-00089-00064248-00064952 change out that paper towel but their their greens will stay fresh longer because that was always a
R-YMYeyzWBo-00090-00064952-00065672 fear of mine right like what if i cut this for this person and only last two days well
R-YMYeyzWBo-00091-00065672-00066376 my products not gonna look good right so i even have people that bring tupperware and they'll line
R-YMYeyzWBo-00092-00066376-00066992 the bottom of the tupperware with paper towels i'll i'll um you're going to want to get a scale
R-YMYeyzWBo-00093-00066992-00067504 and you're going to want to weigh all this stuff out for them on the spot so you put all your
R-YMYeyzWBo-00094-00067504-00068192 micro greens in the tupperware and then take a another paper towel and they set it over the top
R-YMYeyzWBo-00095-00068192-00068856 and then that sucks moisture from below and above and it makes it last even longer and what i notice
R-YMYeyzWBo-00096-00068856-00069808 is like some of the the greens they last uh longer than others like peas and sunflower they last the
R-YMYeyzWBo-00097-00069808-00070544 longest and then any of like the smaller stuff won't last as long so the smaller the stem the
R-YMYeyzWBo-00098-00070544-00071152 less it's going to last but everything usually lasts over over a week and a half two weeks
R-YMYeyzWBo-00099-00071304-00072040 for the small stuff and then at one of our grocery stores we had a piece of athena peas on the guy's
R-YMYeyzWBo-00100-00072040-00072920 shelf for a month and uh two two weeks so so this stuff does last a pretty good amount of time and
R-YMYeyzWBo-00101-00072920-00073544 the idea you're cutting it fresh in front of them um i think that goes a long way too and and you'll
R-YMYeyzWBo-00102-00073544-00074048 have to explain the difference between sprouts and microgreens to people because they'll people
R-YMYeyzWBo-00103-00074048-00074672 come up and say well i've sprouted sprouts in the jar are these the same things and no they're not
R-YMYeyzWBo-00104-00074672-00075288 sprouts you know you sprout them in four to seven days in a jar you don't get the green you know
R-YMYeyzWBo-00105-00075288-00075888 the leaf the more leaf you get the more elevated biotics you get with the sprouts in the jar i'm
R-YMYeyzWBo-00106-00075888-00076384 sure you get some elevated biotics but you're not getting much of the leaf and the leaf is where all
R-YMYeyzWBo-00107-00076384-00077056 that good stuff is so um that's probably something that will come up and you just you know you have
R-YMYeyzWBo-00108-00077056-00078584 an answer for everything really you basically want to leave them no reason not to buy from you
R-YMYeyzWBo-00109-00079160-00079210 you
R_3BUvQG9s0-00000-00000003-00000357 Have you ever wondered if you and Tori Vega could be BFFs?
R_3BUvQG9s0-00001-00000363-00000427 Totally!
R_3BUvQG9s0-00002-00000433-00000757 Here are five reasons Tori would make a great friend.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00003-00000764-00001187 Tori Vega's outgoing personality helps her on and off the stage,
R_3BUvQG9s0-00004-00001194-00001421 especially when it comes to making friends.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00005-00001428-00001821 On her first day at Hollywood Arts, she was able to find friends right away.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00006-00001828-00002115 Even if things got off to a rocky start with a few.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00007-00002188-00002325 Hey, um, can you--
R_3BUvQG9s0-00008-00002332-00002582 - Oh my God! You're Tori, right? - Uh-huh.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00009-00002589-00002782 You were so awesome in the big showcase.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00010-00002789-00002966 - Aw, thanks. - My name's Cat.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00011-00002973-00003203 - Like the animal. - What's that supposed to mean?
R_3BUvQG9s0-00012-00003209-00003373 She's so outgoing and sociable
R_3BUvQG9s0-00013-00003386-00003813 that she formed a friendship with Ponnie, who ended up being totally crazy.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00014-00003820-00004110 Okay, Ponnie, I know it's you.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00015-00004127-00004331 Why do you keep terrorizing me?
R_3BUvQG9s0-00016-00004337-00004544 I mean, what did I ever-- Oh!
R_3BUvQG9s0-00017-00004688-00004858 Get out of my school.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00018-00004901-00005035 What? Oh!
R_3BUvQG9s0-00019-00005442-00005619 Do you like to sing as much as Tori?
R_3BUvQG9s0-00020-00005625-00005859 Well, then you will have the perfect partner
R_3BUvQG9s0-00021-00005865-00005996 to bust out in song with.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00022-00006002-00006389 Her amazing vocals will always take your duet to the next level,
R_3BUvQG9s0-00023-00006396-00006599 whether you're performing for your classmates.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00024-00006606-00006903 ♪ Gotta let you know Where my heart is coming from ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00025-00006910-00007213 ♪ I shouldn't feel this way But I gotta say ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00026-00007250-00007497 ♪ Baby, gotta let you know ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00027-00007510-00007794 ♪ I will try everything ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00028-00007807-00008068 ♪ To make you come closer to me ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00029-00008141-00008441 ♪ Baby, till you believe ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00030-00008448-00008738 ♪ It's not just a phase ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00031-00008778-00009072 ♪ How can I get it through ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00032-00009079-00009369 ♪ You're the one I can't lose ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00033-00009376-00009739 ♪ I'll try 365 days ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00034-00009806-00010166 ♪ 365 ways to get to you ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00035-00010173-00010397 Or trying to get rid of some annoying boys.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00036-00010403-00010760 ♪ Get your hands off my hips Before I punch you in the lips ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00037-00010767-00011121 ♪ Stop your staring at my (Hey!) Take a hint, take a hint ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00038-00011127-00011454 ♪ No, you can't buy me a drink Let me tell you what I think ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00039-00011461-00011925 ♪ I think you could use a mint Take a hint, take a hint ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00040-00011992-00012302 ♪ Take a hint, take a hint ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00041-00012309-00012515 The next reason Tori makes an amazing friend
R_3BUvQG9s0-00042-00012522-00012796 is that she's always there to lend a helping hand.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00043-00012802-00013079 When Andre needed to give out one thousand berry balls
R_3BUvQG9s0-00044-00013086-00013340 at Yotally Togurt, Tori was not afraid
R_3BUvQG9s0-00045-00013346-00013536 to get a little dirty to help him out.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00046-00013630-00013997 Oh, did you hand out all thousand berry balls?
R_3BUvQG9s0-00047-00014054-00014224 - Yep. - She sure did.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00048-00014230-00014571 Well, then I'll write you a check for one hundred dollars right now.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00049-00014577-00014764 She can get that next week.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00050-00014771-00015158 I insist. She did her job, and she deserves her remuneration.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00051-00015322-00015458 First, I'll write out the date.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00052-00015949-00016236 Pay to the order of Tori.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00053-00016249-00016576 Is that spelled T-O-R-I or T--
R_3BUvQG9s0-00054-00016780-00016990 We was even willing to donate blood .
R_3BUvQG9s0-00055-00016997-00017304 not once, but three times for a friend in need.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00056-00017317-00017554 Now that's some serious commitment.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00057-00017600-00017681 Hey.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00058-00017811-00017964 There's my little blood angel.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00059-00018131-00018305 Robbie, why are you out of bed?
R_3BUvQG9s0-00060-00018351-00018668 I don't know. I just felt kind of bad that you had to give more blood for me.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00061-00018708-00018842 No worries.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00062-00018852-00018965 Already done.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00063-00019055-00019182 There she is.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00064-00019205-00019459 Oh yeah, let me see.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00065-00019596-00019686 Wow.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00066-00019769-00020013 It's like I'm holding liquid you in my hands.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00067-00020116-00020250 OK...
R_3BUvQG9s0-00068-00020417-00020620 Sweet. Did you know if you hold blood up against the light,
R_3BUvQG9s0-00069-00020627-00020800 you can totally see all--
R_3BUvQG9s0-00070-00021241-00021501 There will never be a dull moment in this friendship.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00071-00021508-00021858 Even though she seems to get into a lot of sticky situations,
R_3BUvQG9s0-00072-00021865-00022369 Tori is always up for a fun adventure, like riding in a giant cupcake float.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00073-00022796-00023149 ♪ The wheels on the cupcake spin around ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00074-00023156-00023446 ♪ Spin around, spin around ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00075-00023453-00023760 ♪ The wheels on the cupcake spin around ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00076-00023820-00023933 [groaning]
R_3BUvQG9s0-00077-00024134-00024407 ♪ Doo-de-doo-de-doo ♪
R_3BUvQG9s0-00078-00024414-00024661 Just be careful, because you may have to perform
R_3BUvQG9s0-00079-00024668-00024931 a killer song and dance to escape prison.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00080-00025205-00025448 Oh, hurry up! Get on the duck truck!
R_3BUvQG9s0-00081-00025455-00025568 Let's go!
R_3BUvQG9s0-00082-00025575-00025675 Go! Go!
R_3BUvQG9s0-00083-00025732-00025835 Get on the truck!
R_3BUvQG9s0-00084-00025986-00026262 The final reason Tori is great friendship material
R_3BUvQG9s0-00085-00026269-00026579 is that she will always have your back, no matter the situation.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00086-00026593-00026846 Her loyalty to those close to her runs deep.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00087-00026936-00027040 Wait! Wait!
R_3BUvQG9s0-00088-00027327-00027670 Hi, guys. We feel really bad because we were supposed
R_3BUvQG9s0-00089-00027681-00027844 to help these boys with their show tonight.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00090-00027851-00028001 But we were lame.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00091-00028078-00028461 Because we spent too much time chasing after a Canadian boy.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00092-00028475-00028658 Who's insanely cute.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00093-00028718-00028888 And liked me best, but...
R_3BUvQG9s0-00094-00029005-00029412 We're here now to say we're sorry to our LA boys.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00095-00029419-00029736 She was even loyal to Jade when Beck tried to kiss her
R_3BUvQG9s0-00096-00029746-00029916 even though they don't often get along.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00097-00029989-00030513 Ah... oh... you.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00098-00030827-00031131 - I'm sorry. - No, I'm sorry, I--
R_3BUvQG9s0-00099-00031137-00031454 - I didn't mean to... - No, no, no, you didn't, you...
R_3BUvQG9s0-00100-00031638-00031788 Then why can't we kiss?
R_3BUvQG9s0-00101-00031848-00032182 'Cause... 'cause of Jade.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00102-00032319-00032439 Jade and I broke up.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00103-00032445-00032709 Yeah, but kissing your friend's ex-boyfriend...
R_3BUvQG9s0-00104-00032716-00032986 Wait, since when are you and Jade friends?
R_3BUvQG9s0-00105-00033076-00033300 Last week she took your hamburger,
R_3BUvQG9s0-00106-00033310-00033486 she just rubbed it against her bare foot.
R_3BUvQG9s0-00107-00033660-00033960 What? I ate feet meat?
R_3BUvQG9s0-00108-00033967-00034384 For these reasons and more, Tori Vega would make the ultimate BFF.
R_zzawK9pyy-00000-00000208-00000660 Tell us what was the problem that you were facing before you received your healing?
R_zzawK9pyy-00001-00000763-00001359 so for the past two years, I've been having like on and off pain in my lower back and
R_zzawK9pyy-00002-00001423-00001567 then
R_zzawK9pyy-00003-00001567-00002270 Like the past like eight months ago. I went to a chiropractor and he said my hip is higher than the other and
R_zzawK9pyy-00004-00002343-00002756 I was like, well that makes sense why I'm having so much pain in my back and
R_zzawK9pyy-00005-00002875-00003473 The past two months. I got really bad because of the pregnancy and then two weeks before
R_zzawK9pyy-00006-00003546-00003833 the prayer that I received I
R_zzawK9pyy-00007-00003952-00004620 I wasn't able to lay down or sit for long. I had to stand up and keep standing and
R_zzawK9pyy-00008-00004684-00005336 Going to bed at night. I was uh, I was really sad because I'm like, I knew the pain that was coming son
R_zzawK9pyy-00009-00005337-00005807 I was like man, I don't want to go to bed. But like I have to you know, so for
R_zzawK9pyy-00010-00005902-00006701 Two weeks prior from the prayer that I received I was uh, I was getting really emotional because of the pain and whatnot
R_zzawK9pyy-00011-00006768-00007490 And and so let's go ahead. We actually have a clip of last week's prayer of what happened
R_zzawK9pyy-00012-00007490-00007690 So let's just fix her eyes on the screen real quick
R_zzawK9pyy-00013-00008161-00008759 To leave God's people Jesus might be somebody that has hip issue hip pains right now
R_zzawK9pyy-00014-00008760-00008972 God is touching you it's like almost like your hips like
R_zzawK9pyy-00015-00009067-00009308 Not aligned or something right now
R_zzawK9pyy-00016-00009309-00009950 God is touching your hips in Jesus name and it's gonna pop back in place and that pain that's associated with in your lower back
R_zzawK9pyy-00017-00009950-00010634 Will go in Jesus. Mighty name father. We release your we release it power to touch you being Jesus Micah name if you're watching online
R_zzawK9pyy-00018-00010686-00011138 Distance is not a barrier and God wants to touch you right now and Jesus might get in
R_zzawK9pyy-00019-00011139-00011641 Whatever is done here is being done right in your living room in your bedroom
R_zzawK9pyy-00020-00011658-00012202 Whatever you had in your car as you're watching Holy Spirit, there is no distance for him. He can touch you whatever you are
R_zzawK9pyy-00021-00012275-00012464 Yes
R_zzawK9pyy-00022-00012464-00012931 Okay, so when you heard that what was going through your mind and what did you do?
R_zzawK9pyy-00023-00013011-00013399 So right when he said that I was like, oh my goodness, that's me, you know
R_zzawK9pyy-00024-00013494-00013846 So I put I'm I'm like bike I'm like, I don't know
R_zzawK9pyy-00025-00013847-00014083 I was a little bit hesitant, like maybe it's not for me
R_zzawK9pyy-00026-00014084-00014653 But I'm like whatever so I just put my hand on my back and then I felt this prompting like Holy Spirit
R_zzawK9pyy-00027-00014654-00014912 I guess he was like put both of your hands
R_zzawK9pyy-00028-00014994-00015491 On your hip like both of them. So I was like, whatever so I did it and then
R_zzawK9pyy-00029-00015816-00016016 We know what you mean and
R_zzawK9pyy-00030-00016016-00016697 then I felt like this pressure just go like in my stomach and then that night I was like I
R_zzawK9pyy-00031-00016734-00016934 Went to sleep. I woke up. I was like
R_zzawK9pyy-00032-00017901-00018113 Do you have pain now? No, okay
R_zzawK9pyy-00033-00018267-00018707 So even her being pregnant, you know getting close to her
R_zzawK9pyy-00034-00018707-00019135 You know due date and walking in that type of pain it gets worse and worse and worse
R_zzawK9pyy-00035-00019154-00019675 But Jesus Christ cares about even those things where she couldn't even take care of her son
R_zzawK9pyy-00036-00019676-00019865 She couldn't go and function about her day
R_zzawK9pyy-00037-00019865-00019904 and
R_zzawK9pyy-00038-00019904-00020212 So we encourage you and I want her to share word of encouragement
R_zzawK9pyy-00039-00020223-00020807 When you hear us praying up here that it's not a waste of time. We're not just saying things but it's with full intent
R_zzawK9pyy-00040-00020841-00021355 so that we can receive the healing that Jesus Christ has for us the deliverance the
R_zzawK9pyy-00041-00021372-00022013 Breakthrough, whatever it is that you're facing and caring that you would receive with faith and believe that for yourself today. Amen
R_zzawK9pyy-00042-00022068-00022550 What would be your word of encouragement for those that are maybe doubting for their healing or for their breakthrough?
R_zzawK9pyy-00043-00022550-00023047 What would be your word of encouragement Vera? Um, don't be afraid to accept your healing
R_zzawK9pyy-00044-00023063-00023482 you are special to God and he does want to see you a
R_zzawK9pyy-00045-00023538-00023718 healthy and
R_zzawK9pyy-00046-00023718-00023918 not in pain
RA1pt-8K3cu-00000-00000208-00000919 now you have finished data collection and it's time to run some analysis on your collected
RA1pt-8K3cu-00001-00000919-00001592 data assuming that you know the level of measurement for the variables you measured
RA1pt-8K3cu-00002-00001720-00002448 so the first analysis you're going to perform is what's called the exploratory data analysis
RA1pt-8K3cu-00003-00002528-00003080 or EDA for short and this is really not about a special technique
RA1pt-8K3cu-00004-00003168-00003936 rather it is more of a sort of philosophical approach to data analysis to maximise insight
RA1pt-8K3cu-00005-00003936-00004688 into a data set which was actively promoted by the American statistician John Tukey in the picture.
RA1pt-8K3cu-00006-00005000-00005808 In a sense the exploratory data analysis is like you know "let the data speak for themselves
RA1pt-8K3cu-00007-00005808-00006695 approach" to uncover the underlying structure of data and to extract important variables
RA1pt-8K3cu-00008-00006695-00007720 and also to detect anomalies or unusual data and EDA is to also test underlying assumptions
RA1pt-8K3cu-00009-00007720-00008880 and ultimately to maximise insight into the data by placing them in multiple different perspectives.
RA1pt-8K3cu-00010-00009008-00009848 so EDA is a kind of a more direct way to analyse data by rearranging, reorganising,
RA1pt-8K3cu-00011-00009920-00010328 visualising and summarising them in as many different ways as possible.
RA1pt-8K3cu-00012-00010728-00011496 So there are a number of different ways to explore data, in fact, the very first thing you need to
RA1pt-8K3cu-00013-00011624-00012408 do when you have the raw data is to sort and count which are now almost completely forgotten steps
RA1pt-8K3cu-00014-00012408-00013056 in the age of computers. However we should remember that this is the very beginning of
RA1pt-8K3cu-00015-00013056-00013791 any analysis if you have a large data set then many times divided into several groups
RA1pt-8K3cu-00016-00013791-00014480 can be useful to find out what's going on so grouping can be another way to explore data
RA1pt-8K3cu-00017-00014568-00015247 and better yet displaying and visualisation is at the heart of the EDA because a picture
RA1pt-8K3cu-00018-00015247-00015896 can be a very effective medium to get the message across when it is drawn correctly.
RA1pt-8K3cu-00019-00016032-00016560 We will have a chance to talk more about those visualisations in more detail as we go along
RA1pt-8K3cu-00020-00016560-00016984 and finally we can summarise data with a couple of numbers
RA1pt-8K3cu-00021-00017040-00017712 that represent the centre of the data set and how much overall spread there is
RA1pt-8K3cu-00022-00017768-00018552 from the centre in the data set which are called measures of central tendency and of dispersion.
RAn7nQORPSQ-00001-00000648-00000848 We are four bums, four jolly good chums,
RAn7nQORPSQ-00002-00000861-00001270 We live like royal Turks; We're having good luck, in bumming our chuck,
RAn7nQORPSQ-00003-00001270-00001470 God bless the man that works!
RAn7nQORPSQ-00004-00001827-00002258 We are four bums, four jolly good chums, We live like royal Turks;
RAn7nQORPSQ-00005-00002259-00002702 We're having good luck, in bumming our chuck, To hell with the man that works!
RAn7nQORPSQ-00006-00002812-00002964 To hell with the man that works!
RFtznK4co0Y-00000-00000048-00000792 hey so today we are in our new uniform Afrangua D/A Basic school we want to tell everybody
RFtznK4co0Y-00001-00000792-00001592 that charlie we are looking nice i'm not looking nice all right so you're looking sexy
RFtznK4co0Y-00002-00001768-00002472 that's what's up that's my school so um today is first of march 2021 and we want to say thank
RFtznK4co0Y-00003-00002472-00002944 you to God because we are all alive we are kicking nobody is sick everybody is doing well
RFtznK4co0Y-00004-00002944-00003456 Abebe you are looking that guy why okay look at him look at him
RFtznK4co0Y-00005-00006648-00007184 everybody
RFtznK4co0Y-00007-00013768-00014184 me
RFtznK4co0Y-00008-00015008-00015584 oh
RFtznK4co0Y-00009-00016456-00016984 me
RFtznK4co0Y-00010-00017768-00018384 is
RFtznK4co0Y-00011-00018648-00019784 all right
RFtznK4co0Y-00012-00020344-00021112 Good morning school once again so my name is Ekow Simpson i'm a head teacher of Afrangua Basic School
RFtznK4co0Y-00013-00021112-00021704 Afrangua is located in Abura- Asebu Kwamankese district so shout out to my district
RFtznK4co0Y-00014-00021704-00022240 director and my cs and everybody who works there and all my teachers so today i'm bringing you
RFtznK4co0Y-00015-00022240-00022952 this video to see a typical day in Afrangua Basic School especially in the morning so in the
RFtznK4co0Y-00016-00022952-00023536 morning we ring the bell the kids come to the assembly grounds we pray we recite the national
RFtznK4co0Y-00017-00023536-00024080 anthem and then the pledge just like what you saw over this government of ghana said they want
RFtznK4co0Y-00018-00024080-00024728 to change the look the uniform of those in the junior high school so last week we had ours and
RFtznK4co0Y-00019-00024728-00025384 i'm and i'm making this video to tell the world that now my kids are looking beautiful come on
RFtznK4co0Y-00020-00025736-00026352 okay so this is our new school uniform i'm alsoin my new school uniform i decided to go buy
RFtznK4co0Y-00021-00026352-00026904 this so that it will match it doesn't match anyway so hey president of Ghana Nana Addo
RFtznK4co0Y-00022-00026960-00027480 and your people those you are working with want to say thank you for the uniform we are looking nice
RFtznK4co0Y-00023-00027480-00028168 right now and so we want to say thank you okay but i want to ask any of them how do they feel
RFtznK4co0Y-00024-00028168-00028600 in their new school uniform who is going to talk to the news community
RFtznK4co0Y-00025-00028904-00029720 you feel better okay she says she feels better okay yes my nose mask is in my pocket i just want
RFtznK4co0Y-00026-00029720-00030056 to take it out because they are wearing it so it's the same way so this is the school
RFtznK4co0Y-00027-00030056-00030720 prefect, she's called Dorcas Mensah how do you feel in your new school uniform i feel good
RFtznK4co0Y-00028-00030720-00031352 and happy happy okay so are you guys going to get yourselves dirty like before no Sir, clap for yourselves
RFtznK4co0Y-00029-00031568-00032192 all right hey that is just a short video to tell you that today is 1st of march 2021 and then we
RFtznK4co0Y-00030-00032192-00032648 are happy in our new school uniform so we'll be going to the classroom thank you for checking me
RFtznK4co0Y-00031-00032648-00033224 out whatever you're watching me from give me the experience in your country as well when kids go
RFtznK4co0Y-00032-00033224-00033752 to school do they go to the assembly ring the bell and all that how was it like in your school thank
RFtznK4co0Y-00033-00033752-00034272 you very much and make sure you subscribe if this is your first time of watching my
RFtznK4co0Y-00034-00034272-00035184 videos
RFtznK4co0Y-00035-00037664-00037984 oh
RFtznK4co0Y-00036-00042904-00043584 um
RFtznK4co0Y-00037-00047560-00047784 oh
RFLDzyRDzbu-00000-00000531-00000928 I am Linda and I'm here with our good friends from Sesame Street Elmo and
RFLDzyRDzbu-00001-00000928-00000993 Rosita
RFLDzyRDzbu-00002-00000993-00001567 HI! They've come to help send a very special greeting to all our Army kids
RFLDzyRDzbu-00003-00001567-00002043 Yea, because they are super special. Si.
RFLDzyRDzbu-00004-00002043-00002676 Right Elmo and Rosita, and you know Army kids serve our country too.
RFLDzyRDzbu-00005-00002676-00003244 And it's not easy for them, very often their families have to move, which means
RFLDzyRDzbu-00006-00003244-00003410 they have to change schools
RFLDzyRDzbu-00007-00003410-00003729 and make new friends, that can be hard.
RFLDzyRDzbu-00008-00003729-00004130 Oh it sure can Mrs. Linda, I know because when my family moved to Sesame Street, I
RFLDzyRDzbu-00009-00004130-00004312 didn't know anybody
RFLDzyRDzbu-00010-00004312-00004944 But you know what, but then Rosita met Elmo and everybody else and then you made good friends, right?
RFLDzyRDzbu-00011-00004944-00005206 Now, they're like my second family.
RFLDzyRDzbu-00012-00005206-00005726 Well, just like Rosita has her Sesame family, we want our Army kids to know 
RFLDzyRDzbu-00013-00005726-00006215 that your apart our great Army Family and we are so proud of your courage, positive
RFLDzyRDzbu-00014-00006215-00006361 spirit and resilience
RFLDzyRDzbu-00015-00006361-00006654 Yes! Army kids are awesome!
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00000-00000424-00000927 This week's topic is motivation, mojo. I've been struggling like crazy lately,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00001-00000927-00001264 and I love when I share my personal stories with people who follow me on all the social media,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00002-00001264-00001696 because frankly, sometimes people think I got it easy. Being a coach, being a motivator.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00003-00001696-00002328 When it comes to motivation, mojo, magic, we all struggle. You know getting your ass out of bed
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00004-00002328-00002832 is difficult, getting to the gym, eating right, doing right. Being nice is a choice as well.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00005-00002904-00003352 I wanted today to be about the choices. We make and our mojo and who we are as people.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00006-00003352-00003744 You've heard as many motivational speakers talk about how we got to find your mission,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00007-00003744-00004184 who am I, what am I... I love that we're all preaching the same thing. And you got to know
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00008-00004184-00004664 who you are as a person. And sticking to it and being that person is so integrally important,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00009-00004664-00005040 but we lose sight of that because our boss wants something, or our friends want something,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00010-00005040-00005520 our kids want something, our wife wants something, our husbands, boyfriends, girlfriends... Well,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00011-00005520-00005936 what do you want? Because if you can't answer that question, you will fall for anything.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00012-00005936-00006440 You will lose yourself, you will resent yourself, you'll be mad at the person who you think you're
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00013-00006440-00006936 serving, because you're not serving yourself. Mojo is not an external thing, it's an internal
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00014-00006936-00007423 thing. Just like all of our feelings are internal. It's really who you are as an individual. When we
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00015-00007423-00008184 say I am blank - I am honest, I am loyal, I am faithful, I am a healer, I'm a giver - these are
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00016-00008184-00008704 things that get you in your lane, but they have to be your things. So when you lose your mojo,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00017-00008784-00009240 is it really your mojo you've lost, or have you lost you? I want to sit with that for a second,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00018-00009240-00009808 because most of us don't really know who we are. Building a vision statement, building who you are
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00019-00009808-00010264 takes intentionality and really a whole hell of a lot of introspection. There are certain things
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00020-00010264-00010736 that your spouse or your friend or your boss may not like, but if they're who you are and
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00021-00010736-00011320 you don't do them, if they're part of your core beliefs and you ignore them, you will resent the
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00022-00011320-00011832 person. Is what you're going to feel like - oh my god my wife wants me to take out the garbage and
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00023-00011960-00012320 I don't have time for that? So you're mad at her, but in reality, you're mad at yourself,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00024-00012320-00012888 because you've put down something that's important to you for someone else. And that is your choice.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00025-00012888-00013336 Life is a series of difficult decisions. Sometimes you have to make choices that some people don't
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00026-00013336-00013880 like. Sometimes you have to walk away from things that may not fit you. Sometimes things
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00027-00013880-00014336 aren't a good fit. I don't know about you guys, I know for a fact I've had clients who come sit
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00028-00014336-00014840 with me and they're like whoa you're a lot, Jason Bussey! You're right, I am a lot. If you start to
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00029-00014840-00015336 acquiesce to other people's positions, you're going to at first feel like you resent them.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00030-00015336-00015696 Promise you it's not them. You're the one who makes the decision to get up and do,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00031-00015696-00016224 or be, or see, or change you. There's a great poem, and I never remember who said this, but
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00032-00016224-00016752 "A man convinced against his will is of the same opinion still." That's powerful to me,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00033-00016752-00017216 because is of the same opinion still - I'm still going to hold my beliefs, I'm just going to be a
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00034-00017216-00017720 little bit more resistant to you. I'm going to be a little bit more pulled back and hesitant,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00035-00017720-00018280 because I can't be me. If I'm busy being the person you want me to be. So, in your life - where
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00036-00018280-00018944 do you find that you are in fact being cognitively dissonant or not congruent with who you are?
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00037-00018944-00019456 I do a lot with affair repair and couples relationship work in my therapy practice,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00038-00019456-00019864 and I see men come in and women come in and they're not aligned with who they are.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00039-00019864-00020408 They've become somebody different for their spouse, and then take it out on them and be mean,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00040-00020408-00020912 or cheating, or lying, or any number of ways. That mojo you're looking for everybody in the world,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00041-00020912-00021464 you're looking for is YOU. When we depart from who we are as people then we lose that mojo.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00042-00021464-00021920 When you don't do things that are important to you, you lose that mojo. When you lose your
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00043-00021920-00022512 motivation in the service of others, it's not their fault. Your emotions are yours,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00044-00022512-00022880 your feelings are yours, your actions, are yours. And most of you who will see this
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00045-00022880-00023296 doesn't have to make very many difficult choices, so you make choices difficult. You do not have to
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00046-00023296-00023744 make difficult choices, so stop making choices difficult. If your wife cheats and you stay,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00047-00023744-00024184 that's your decision, so don't take it out on her. If your husband cheats and you decide to stay,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00048-00024184-00024656 don't take it out on him, you've decided to stay. We make our decisions, we make our beds, let's lie
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00049-00024656-00025096 in them. But instead of being poor pitiful me - oh my gosh, I can't control my decisions - let's
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00050-00025096-00025464 make some with intentionality. Let's find out who the hell you really are. What do you think?
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00051-00025464-00025880 I'm a big fan of realignment, and I do this thing Life Vision process, where you check
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00052-00025944-00026352 the life vision wheel. Life vision process - you've seen it before. I'll tag it in this
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00053-00026352-00026816 post. It's real real easy to do, but it gives you between 8 and 12 different ways to measure
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00054-00026816-00027327 how congruent you are with you. Life, family, finances, spirituality, etc. This is important,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00055-00027327-00027616 because if you don't know who the hell you are, how are you going to love your wife, or your kids,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00056-00027616-00028127 or anybody else? If you don't love you, we can't love you, if you're putting yourself second,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00057-00028127-00028688 third, fourth, fifth, sixth down the line. My boy Pitbull says - "it's not selfish,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00058-00028688-00029160 it's self-first." Everybody's got a way to look at it. I got this fun little thing here - my
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00059-00029160-00029616 oxygen mask, you guys have all seen this before in the airplane. They tell you to put this on
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00060-00029616-00030232 your own mouth first. Well, guess what? Life is an airplane ride. If you don't take care of you,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00061-00030232-00030680 you can't take care of them. When we lose our mojo, when we lose our path,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00062-00030680-00031200 it's us we have to blame. When we look at getting your ass out of bed, do you really want to?
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00063-00031200-00031632 If you do, let's find out why. If you don't, let's find out why. If you want to change it, let's find
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00064-00031632-00032064 out why. Just because the internet says you got to keto, or you got to enter in a fast, or you got to
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00065-00032120-00032688 eat air and broccoli - STOP for the love of God! There's only one you! You only get one
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00066-00032688-00033224 life! But do it with congruency, do it because you want to. Don't resent those in your life,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00067-00033224-00033784 because you're not taking your life seriously. If your support system doesn't like something you're
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00068-00033784-00034184 doing and they want to help you change, and you want to change, then awesome. But for the love
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00069-00034184-00034656 of God, stop putting on masks. Stop pretending to be something you're not. Stop living your life for
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00070-00034656-00035416 someone else. I could not mean this more. Taking care of you takes care of them. Taking care of you
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00071-00035416-00035984 takes care of it - money, friends, family. All those things come and go, but without you none
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00072-00035984-00036568 of them mean anything. So pour into you, so you can pour into them. Take a step back for you,
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00073-00036568-00037032 so you can take a step up for them. I got to get you to find out who you are. What
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00074-00037032-00037592 do we want to do, how do we want to do it, and let's get busy working on it! How do you do it?
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00075-00037848-00038600 This is a great place to start. You can see mine's well used. Journaling about who am I, what do I
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00076-00038600-00039040 stand for, what do I believe in, what do I want? Don't worry about how you're gonna get there, I'll
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00077-00039040-00039600 help you with that. Don't worry about the stress and the pressure of expectation externally, we
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00078-00039600-00040080 can work on that. I mean with emphasis and being very dramatic, but I can't stress enough of this.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00079-00040144-00040656 I fall into traps as everyone does - I'm a pleaser, I'm a healer - but I can't do any of that
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00080-00040656-00040984 [ __ ] unless I take care of me. I can't take care of my wife unless I take care of me. I gotta go
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00081-00040984-00041456 to the gym, I gotta travel, I got there are things that make me me, and when I don't do them, I can't
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00082-00041456-00041936 love her properly. But today's message is simple, and it's a question - who are you? That's it.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00083-00042064-00042760 If you don't know, call me, email me, dm me, smoke signals, hell, knock on the window. I don't care.
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00084-00042760-00043192 I want to help you find out who you are. So reach out and let's get busy
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00085-00043192-00043736 filling this cup, so you can fill around you. With that, I say I love you all, and I cannot
RGrpcDL-Mm8-00086-00043736-00044856 wait to help you find out who you are on the path to greatness. With love, see y'all later.
Rpjd4jLjhPo-00000-00000000-00000200 Like and subscribe 
Rp_cYva6H2I-00000-00000100-00000500 oh Christmas Tree, oh Christmas Tree
Rp_cYva6H2I-00001-00000500-00001000 How nice you look in Access.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00002-00001000-00001400 This is an Access report
Rp_cYva6H2I-00003-00001400-00001600 In the design view, we see that
Rp_cYva6H2I-00004-00001600-00002000 Merry Christmas is written in a control.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00005-00002000-00002400 The text goes to about 3 inches.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00006-00002400-00002900 The property sheet shows us this is a label.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00007-00002900-00003500 The detail section is empty -- no controls and no tree
Rp_cYva6H2I-00008-00003500-00003600 The Christmas tree and star
Rp_cYva6H2I-00009-00003600-00004000 are drawn using VBA.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00010-00004000-00004400 Let's see how this is done.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00011-00004400-00004900 The report has a Page event
Rp_cYva6H2I-00012-00004900-00005100 When we look at the code, we see that
Rp_cYva6H2I-00013-00005100-00005400 Variables are dimensioned.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00014-00005400-00005800 X and Y are values for the top center coordinate
Rp_cYva6H2I-00015-00005800-00006000 of the tree drawing.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00016-00006000-00006600 dx and dy represent the difference along the x axis,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00017-00006600-00007100 and the difference along the y-axis.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00018-00007100-00007900 They relate to width and height, respectively.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00019-00007900-00008200 ScaleMode doesn't need to be set here,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00020-00008200-00008500 but it's good to make it clear.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00021-00008500-00008800 Twips is the default measurement for drawing.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00022-00008800-00009400 There are 1440 twips in an inch
Rp_cYva6H2I-00023-00009400-00009800 ScaleWidth is the width of the drawing area,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00024-00009800-00010400 and it is the difference in X, or the horizontal direction.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00025-00010400-00010800 For the difference in the Y, or vertical direction,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00026-00010800-00011100 the height of the page footer section
Rp_cYva6H2I-00027-00011100-00011800 is subtracted from the ScaleHeight.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00028-00011800-00012400 The Page Header section with the title is ignored when calculating the height for the tree drawing.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00029-00012400-00012900 The tree and the title are going in the same space
Rp_cYva6H2I-00030-00012900-00013400 since the top of the tree isn't very wide
Rp_cYva6H2I-00031-00013400-00013700 The center of the drawing in the x-direction
Rp_cYva6H2I-00032-00013700-00014000 is the ScaleLeft value,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00033-00014000-00014400 which is 0 in this case, but good to be explicit,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00034-00014400-00014900 plus half the horizontal distance.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00035-00014900-00015200 The top of the drawing is the ScaleTop,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00036-00015200-00015500 which is also zero in this case,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00037-00015500-00016000 but it doesn't really matter what the value is.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00038-00016000-00016500 Then the Draw_ChristmasTree procedure is called.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00039-00016500-00016900 The report object, Me, is sent.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00040-00016900-00017400 Then the top center coordinate and the height.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00041-00017400-00018100 Draw_ChristmasTree is a public Sub in a standard module.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00042-00018100-00018600 At the top of the module, PI is defined as a constant.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00043-00018600-00018900 Also some colors are defined.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00044-00018900-00019100 They're done here so they can be used as
Rp_cYva6H2I-00045-00019100-00019800 default optional parameter values.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00046-00019800-00020000 Here's the report object,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00047-00020000-00020200 top center coordinate,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00048-00020200-00020800 and height sent by the code behind the report.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00049-00020800-00021100 If any of the optional parameters are null,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00050-00021100-00021400 they are assigned values.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00051-00021400-00021700 Then variables are dimensioned.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00052-00021700-00022100 X and Y define the coordinate of a point,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00053-00022100-00022500 and since we need to keep track of more than one point,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00054-00022500-00023000 there are 2 more sets of coordinates.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00055-00023000-00023500 sText is a string variable for writing on the page.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00056-00023500-00024300 The radius of the tree is set to 75% of the drawing height
Rp_cYva6H2I-00057-00024300-00024900 The angles define the arc where the tree will be drawn.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00058-00024900-00025300 In the drawing coordinate system, 0 is at 3 o'clock,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00059-00025300-00025800 and angles increase counter clockwise.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00060-00025800-00026200 Angles are measured in radians.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00061-00026200-00026800 There are 2*PI radians in a complete circle.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00062-00026800-00027100 The angles can be adjusted depending on
Rp_cYva6H2I-00063-00027100-00027500 how wide you want your tree.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00064-00027500-00028000 The tree stump adds 20% of the radius for its width,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00065-00028000-00028300 which is a kind of a wide stump.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00066-00028300-00028600 You could make that less.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00067-00028600-00028700 The top of the stump
Rp_cYva6H2I-00068-00028700-00029200 is the radius of the tree added to the tree top, which is Y.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00069-00029200-00030200 When drawing, Y is 0 at the top and increases downward on the page.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00070-00030200-00030500 The bottom of the tree stump is the top of the tree
Rp_cYva6H2I-00071-00030500-00031000 plus 90% of the drawing height.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00072-00031000-00031300 The fill color is set to brown
Rp_cYva6H2I-00073-00031300-00031900 A line is drawn from x1,y1 to x2,y2
Rp_cYva6H2I-00074-00031900-00032200 The outline color is brown.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00075-00032200-00032600 BF means a box, not a diagonal line,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00076-00032600-00033100 and F is filled with color.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00077-00033100-00033400 Now we draw the actual tree.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00078-00033400-00033700 It's a filled sector of a circle.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00079-00033700-00033900 Access can't do (filled) triangles,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00080-00033900-00034200 but it can do circles, and parts of circles,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00081-00034200-00034400 so that's what we use.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00082-00034400-00034800 The center of the circle is in the middle of the drawing
Rp_cYva6H2I-00083-00034800-00035100 and 10% down from the top.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00084-00035100-00035600 The fill and outline color are the tree color.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00085-00035600-00035800 The angles have a negative sign,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00086-00035800-00036000 not because they're negative angles.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00087-00036000-00036300 The negative sign is used here
Rp_cYva6H2I-00088-00036300-00036700 to indicate that the radius line should be drawn.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00089-00036700-00037000 If both radius lines are drawn,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00090-00037000-00037500 the shape is closed and will be filled
Rp_cYva6H2I-00091-00037500-00038200 The star on top is actually a character in the Wingdings 2 font.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00092-00038200-00038500 First the outline star is drawn.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00093-00038500-00038800 It's size is propertional to the radius of the tree,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00094-00038800-00039500 so as the drawing gets bigger or smaller, so will the star.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00095-00039500-00039700 The foregound color is set.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00096-00039700-00040000 In this case, it's orange.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00097-00040000-00040200 The Y coordinate is the top of the tree
Rp_cYva6H2I-00098-00040200-00040600 minus half the height of the text.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00099-00040600-00041100 The X coordinate is the center of the tree
Rp_cYva6H2I-00100-00041100-00041500 minus half the width of the text.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00101-00041500-00042100 Then the star gets printed at the specified coordinate.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00102-00042100-00042300 The inside star, not so big,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00103-00042300-00042600 is printed with the same process.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00104-00042600-00042800 ~~~
Rp_cYva6H2I-00105-00042800-00043000 on the first day of Christmas,
Rp_cYva6H2I-00106-00043000-00043300 my true love gave to me
Rp_cYva6H2I-00107-00043300-00044000 a star on a Christmas Tree
Rp_cYva6H2I-00108-00044000-00044200 You can download this database and use it
Rp_cYva6H2I-00109-00044200-00044400 to make your own trees.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00110-00044400-00044700 Thanks for joining me
Rp_cYva6H2I-00111-00044700-00045000 Merry Christmas to you and those you love.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00112-00045000-00045500 Peace to all.
Rp_cYva6H2I-00113-00045500-00045700 Access can't draw filled triangles, easily,   
RO_wUgNgXpy-00000-00000077-00000296 NFL went live.
RO_wUgNgXpy-00001-00000296-00001056 It’s also the first time i know it’s just you and it’s about…
RO_wUgNgXpy-00002-00001056-00001502 I don’t know what it’s about, but I’ll watch it.
RSdJiF_fWPE-00000-00000008-00000752 indiana state sanatorium with over 20 buildings 200 acres and 100 000 square feet filled with a
RSdJiF_fWPE-00001-00000752-00001424 history of cruelty mistreatment death and murder this location is nearly untouched still holding
RSdJiF_fWPE-00002-00001424-00001992 all items of its dark past medical devices and records personal items of deceased patients and
RSdJiF_fWPE-00003-00001992-00002520 of course the unknown amount of spirits or entities that may reside here tonight
RSdJiF_fWPE-00004-00002520-00003128 truly is an opportunity to discover the unknown whether it is the stories held within these walls
RSdJiF_fWPE-00005-00003128-00003847 or the terror that awaits us oh that's so cool we have to make 5 000
RSdJiF_fWPE-00006-00003847-00004304 deaths here there are people who took their own lives there's people who killed other christians
RSdJiF_fWPE-00007-00004304-00004808 i wouldn't stand here for a million dollars for five minutes why what chair what rope where are
RSdJiF_fWPE-00008-00004808-00005376 we doing this let's go oh my god he is very intimidating he will follow you around in here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00009-00005376-00005896 i've never had something like that strong girl oh my god what is that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00010-00006640-00007184 haunted road trip series
RSdJiF_fWPE-00011-00009928-00009984 oh my goodness
RSdJiF_fWPE-00012-00010320-00010600 hey hey hey good they listen
RSdJiF_fWPE-00013-00011152-00011776 what's up everyone and welcome to our welcome back to the overnight channel where we are dedicated to
RSdJiF_fWPE-00014-00011776-00012464 all things paranormal unsolved unknown mysterious it's gonna scare you in the middle of the night
RSdJiF_fWPE-00015-00012464-00013200 we're here to have a good time and we're currently on our 30 location usa road trip the most haunted
RSdJiF_fWPE-00016-00013200-00013840 locations we can find and get access to we already did six locations in california
RSdJiF_fWPE-00017-00013840-00014288 and now we're working our way through central all the way up to the east coast of the united states
RSdJiF_fWPE-00018-00014288-00015000 and then back again oh my god we're covering everything for the location tonight brand new yep
RSdJiF_fWPE-00019-00015056-00015560 brand new not even ghost adventures has been here yet it's only been doing paranormal investigations
RSdJiF_fWPE-00020-00015560-00016063 for around the last eight to nine months dude that's so sick this is a fun one this is gonna be
RSdJiF_fWPE-00021-00016063-00016576 they're gonna be excited to have us i think so 150 000 square feet four
RSdJiF_fWPE-00022-00016576-00017072 different buildings connected through like nursing areas connected through tunnels
RSdJiF_fWPE-00023-00017152-00017544 all the different variety of treatments that have happened here has a really dark history
RSdJiF_fWPE-00024-00017608-00018432 as well and it only closed in 2011. so this will be a really fun investigation of course we have
RSdJiF_fWPE-00025-00018432-00018848 every tool for every kind of situation so we can really kind of be methodical about tonight
RSdJiF_fWPE-00026-00018912-00019312 and of course the uh the elephant in the room we're gonna talk about that the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00027-00019312-00019952 the evil in the uh in the forest it's right here if you missed our last video well
RSdJiF_fWPE-00028-00020032-00020488 i'm sure you have a lot of questions right now if you know what a russian nesting doll is
RSdJiF_fWPE-00029-00020712-00021376 it's nothing like that but demons nothing but demons and it's locked but tonight not only are
RSdJiF_fWPE-00030-00021376-00022008 we gonna open it but i think it's only fair that we show what every single item in this looks like
RSdJiF_fWPE-00031-00022008-00022664 tonight we should show them all unwrap every single item we haven't even seen no we've seen
RSdJiF_fWPE-00032-00022664-00023360 one yeah we've seen one item yeah okay so 13 of the most haunted items i could ever track down or
RSdJiF_fWPE-00033-00023360-00023928 in this case and tonight we're going to feast our eyes upon them but first i think we should feast
RSdJiF_fWPE-00034-00023928-00024464 our eyes upon our contest winners oh from last year jules and ethan would you please come in
RSdJiF_fWPE-00035-00024544-00025176 please please enter please enter let's go the arena okay so we for those that don't know we
RSdJiF_fWPE-00036-00025176-00025504 were running a contest uh where you could use the code overnight whenever you made
RSdJiF_fWPE-00037-00025504-00026104 a purchase and you would be entered to win and you won you won our contest for from last year
RSdJiF_fWPE-00038-00026104-00026744 but because we never did any usa locations until now so thanks for thanks for joining us yeah and
RSdJiF_fWPE-00039-00026744-00027327 thank you for the sign weekly oh yeah that's what i wanted oh you want it with a signed ouija board
RSdJiF_fWPE-00040-00027504-00027983 i have not used wait that's what i was gonna ask you haven't used it i haven't i actually got it as
RSdJiF_fWPE-00041-00027983-00028616 really cool like halloween for a party but so i haven't used it everyone was too chicken to do it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00042-00028744-00029352 i did not i was thinking you know what's funny is you you of course i brought one yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00043-00029512-00029888 so if you want we can sign it with our blood tonight what a red pepper
RSdJiF_fWPE-00044-00029944-00030480 no i we don't have to okay with our blood that's sharpies we have sharpies have you done
RSdJiF_fWPE-00045-00030480-00031336 investigations before not full out i've just done like abandon exploring no investigating even yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00046-00031336-00031912 i'm always with her just doing uh abandoned places um around our hometown like were you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00047-00031912-00032552 are you scared at all um i'm more excited and anxious for something to actually happen to me
RSdJiF_fWPE-00048-00032552-00033240 i've been a skeptic a long time so i don't know if something happens i'm gonna be very excited but
RSdJiF_fWPE-00049-00033368-00033896 uh this place is huge dog yeah i i don't even know where to start obviously we're going to do
RSdJiF_fWPE-00050-00033896-00034392 a tour first so we can try to understand where we are what this place is where we
RSdJiF_fWPE-00051-00034392-00034880 should be going what should we what we should be looking out for and what those that are watching
RSdJiF_fWPE-00052-00034880-00035440 could also be looking out for to help us yeah but from then on out i don't know we're here till noon
RSdJiF_fWPE-00053-00035440-00036232 tomorrow we're sleeping here not even till sunrise until noon yeah we could leave whenever we want
RSdJiF_fWPE-00054-00036232-00036792 no we can't they lock the gates we are in here which if you think about it it's kind of cool
RSdJiF_fWPE-00055-00036792-00037200 because there's been times where you know we only have it until a certain time yeah and it's like
RSdJiF_fWPE-00056-00037200-00037736 just starting to kick up exactly i believe so what if it's six am and we start getting the craziest
RSdJiF_fWPE-00057-00037736-00038136 activity and we're like okay let's go until eight goes in the morning yeah oh yeah yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00058-00038264-00039064 do you believe no so we have to prove them wrong smiles we don't have to breathe wrong
RSdJiF_fWPE-00059-00039184-00039496 they they will prove them wrong okay all right cool
RSdJiF_fWPE-00060-00039760-00039880 all right boy good boy
RSdJiF_fWPE-00061-00040176-00040528 and then i would give you this but then elsa would ask me to help him carry that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00062-00040528-00040784 so i'm just gonna put this in the creepy chorus
RSdJiF_fWPE-00063-00041440-00041768 the guy we are meeting i actually specifically asked for
RSdJiF_fWPE-00064-00041768-00042056 i do normally normally the owner does the tours but
RSdJiF_fWPE-00065-00042880-00043232 nice to meet you it is it's nice to meet you guys elton kennedy
RSdJiF_fWPE-00066-00043232-00043728 pleasure cory nice to meet you nice to meet you hi candy matt nice nice to meet you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00067-00043728-00044176 aaron nice to meet you nice to meet you wait let's do it this is this is matthew 150
RSdJiF_fWPE-00068-00044480-00045120 we will follow your lead all right indiana state senatorial although over 100 years old
RSdJiF_fWPE-00069-00045120-00045656 this location is fairly new to paranormal investigations as it was only made available
RSdJiF_fWPE-00070-00045656-00046272 in 2020 making it one of our favorite places to ever visit and search for the spirits that still
RSdJiF_fWPE-00071-00046272-00046792 reside here with over a dozen massive buildings stretching across this massive plot of land
RSdJiF_fWPE-00072-00046856-00047488 well beyond 100 000 square feet of history rooms are still full of paperwork medical equipment
RSdJiF_fWPE-00073-00047488-00048192 clothing paintings surgical tools furniture and an infinite amount more to discover
RSdJiF_fWPE-00074-00048192-00048672 this rockville indiana location has an unknown amount of paranormal encounters
RSdJiF_fWPE-00075-00048672-00049256 awaiting us some of the major sections include the commercial building superintendent's mansion the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00076-00049256-00049864 doctor's bungalows water treatment facility the tunnel system administration building
RSdJiF_fWPE-00077-00049864-00050608 power plants nursing homes adams hall cafeteria the hospitals operation rooms
RSdJiF_fWPE-00078-00050608-00051440 and yet far more a total of 20 buildings on site seven houses three different hospitals
RSdJiF_fWPE-00079-00051440-00052144 and a 14 000 square foot barn all of which originally sat on a 500 acre plot of land
RSdJiF_fWPE-00080-00052144-00052712 meant to act as a self-sustaining town quarantined away from the rest of the world the facility was
RSdJiF_fWPE-00081-00052712-00053416 created to be a place of hope and treatment that could cure tuberculosis however death murder and
RSdJiF_fWPE-00082-00053416-00054128 suicide quickly overshadowed any flight notion of positivity or hope mistreatment became extremely
RSdJiF_fWPE-00083-00054128-00054624 prevalent throughout the entire facility which has led to an intensive amount of paranormal activity
RSdJiF_fWPE-00084-00054624-00055224 spanning from disembodied voices to poltergeist activity shadow figures have been clearly captured
RSdJiF_fWPE-00085-00055279-00055720 and even the more provocative entities have shown themselves in photographs
RSdJiF_fWPE-00086-00055872-00056432 it seems as though the spirits here are not hiding from visitors yet just waiting and wanting to be
RSdJiF_fWPE-00087-00056432-00056976 found whether with the intention to tell their story or something far more malicious is for us
RSdJiF_fWPE-00088-00056976-00057704 to find out in the years 1909-1968 this location was known as the indiana tuberculosis hospital
RSdJiF_fWPE-00089-00057704-00058360 and as of 1978 it became a state-run facility until 2012 when it finally closed leaving it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00090-00058360-00059167 entirely untouched for eight years everything left to slowly decay hidden away within the trees 1907
RSdJiF_fWPE-00091-00059167-00059640 marked the official beginning of the indiana sanatorium project with an approved funding of
RSdJiF_fWPE-00092-00059640-00060352 250 000 to construct it with a farm and workers on site the compound became entirely self-sufficient
RSdJiF_fWPE-00093-00060352-00060855 and isolated from all the areas surrounding it over time more buildings were added with
RSdJiF_fWPE-00094-00060855-00061560 a school being built in 1918 the superintendent's residence in 1922 and doctors homes shortly after
RSdJiF_fWPE-00095-00061560-00062055 the quarantine a mandatory measure needed to prevent the threat of disease no one was allowed
RSdJiF_fWPE-00096-00062055-00062584 to leave the amount of patients exponentially increased and at one point had a waiting list
RSdJiF_fWPE-00097-00062584-00063232 of 400 to be accepted into the facility this was due to its incredibly high rate of recovery by the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00098-00063232-00063864 introduction of antibiotics in the early 1950s and in reaction more buildings were constructed
RSdJiF_fWPE-00099-00063864-00064600 a chapel and five-story psychiatric building known as adams hall by 1968 the sanatorium was shut down
RSdJiF_fWPE-00100-00064600-00065248 due to the discovery of the cure for tuberculosis two years later it was repurposed as an assisted
RSdJiF_fWPE-00101-00065248-00065824 living facility as well as a mental health institution this mix of patients caused a
RSdJiF_fWPE-00102-00065824-00066352 magnitude of problems and the public opinion drastically spiraled downward as more stories
RSdJiF_fWPE-00103-00066352-00066936 of horror were uncovered ranging from accidents mistreatments and even cruelty towards patients
RSdJiF_fWPE-00104-00066992-00067488 frequent reports of the apparition of a woman near the office areas and voices of all ages and
RSdJiF_fWPE-00105-00067488-00068056 genders are heard throughout every inch of each building the stories of malpractice within the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00106-00068056-00068744 hospital were never fully investigated until 2006 when a patient went missing only to be found dead
RSdJiF_fWPE-00107-00068744-00069472 in the nearby woods then in 2009 a murder-suicide occurred between two maintenance workers with no
RSdJiF_fWPE-00108-00069472-00070240 clear motive as to why by 2011 the sanatorium lost its license after an investigation showed that no
RSdJiF_fWPE-00109-00070240-00070896 prior issues were ever addressed or even attempted to be improved upon the true extent of the panel
RSdJiF_fWPE-00110-00070896-00071376 activity here is nearly unknown however the stories and personal items that still remain here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00111-00071376-00072008 make it a hot spot full of a centuries worth of spirits and stories alike to be discovered tonight
RSdJiF_fWPE-00112-00072008-00072544 we will be beginning our paranormal investigation here plans to return august 31st during our
RSdJiF_fWPE-00113-00072544-00073080 overnight paranormal tour so we may continue seeking answers and evidence but this time
RSdJiF_fWPE-00114-00073080-00074384 alongside more of you we hope to see you there and thank you sincerely for supporting this channel
RSdJiF_fWPE-00115-00074568-00074992 all right and then in here is the original tuberculosis sanitarium fork
RSdJiF_fWPE-00116-00075048-00075696 whoa in recent days it has become the creepier of something for wounds in
RSdJiF_fWPE-00117-00075904-00076416 um you'll hear knocking scratching we've even gotten you to give somebody screaming
RSdJiF_fWPE-00118-00076624-00076944 and then another tour guide who i was just speaking with this afternoon
RSdJiF_fWPE-00119-00076944-00077472 decided to tell me that they have heard like the grudge that heavy breathing squealing
RSdJiF_fWPE-00120-00077616-00078232 exactly nothing in here has been brought in it was all left here we believe at some point
RSdJiF_fWPE-00121-00078296-00078664 this right here would have been where they had all their instruments all the things to
RSdJiF_fWPE-00122-00078664-00078992 embalm somebody and somewhere in the middle of the room would have been the involvement cable
RSdJiF_fWPE-00123-00079048-00079480 we do know that this was a board that right there with the white handle was the original body cooler
RSdJiF_fWPE-00124-00079560-00080000 as of right now it's kind of being kept as a file storage unit so we can find somewhere to
RSdJiF_fWPE-00125-00080000-00080656 put them because there are just so many of them we have nowhere to put them really yep that is
RSdJiF_fWPE-00126-00080904-00081176 oh my god wow
RSdJiF_fWPE-00127-00081352-00082192 there's so many yeah 1998 2003. these suitcases right here did belong to patients wow every
RSdJiF_fWPE-00128-00082192-00082624 everything is original it's like they just up and left they didn't take anything with them the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00129-00082624-00083056 state gave them twenty dollars a piece and just turned them loose anybody who was admitted here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00130-00083056-00083496 just turned away all the sick patients all this okay all right this building the cornerstone would
RSdJiF_fWPE-00131-00083496-00084032 have been laid in 1909 it did not open until april fool's day in 1911. we actually just celebrated
RSdJiF_fWPE-00132-00084032-00084688 the 111th anniversary of the tuberculosis hospital opening wow um everything over here behind you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00133-00084784-00085208 it's all original it was taken out of the rooms patient patient gowns bad clothes
RSdJiF_fWPE-00134-00085264-00085672 um that gorilla right there right behind the purple bucket it tends to move on its own
RSdJiF_fWPE-00135-00085744-00086408 so have fun with that one that one the last time i was here was up stairs nobody brought it down here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00136-00086408-00087000 i don't think so we've not had any reports saying hey you know we moved the we moved so-and-so
RSdJiF_fWPE-00137-00087000-00087424 but it's it's down here now um a lot of times in this building which we'll go up to the main
RSdJiF_fWPE-00138-00087424-00087984 floor here in just a second we hear footsteps running we've also heard a doppelganger of
RSdJiF_fWPE-00139-00087984-00088656 my boss it is like the body double a negative body double of you i have never heard of that yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00140-00089024-00089608 waverly is very common for doppelgangers they can be just a voice it can be a sound of footsteps
RSdJiF_fWPE-00141-00089608-00090168 it can be full body it can be everything that i mentioned um i was i was actually down here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00142-00090168-00090656 remember that at this dude everyone said he thought you were standing next to him oh yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00143-00090712-00091392 yeah and yeah village but then also last night we heard evan say what oh yeah it wasn't
RSdJiF_fWPE-00144-00091392-00091976 evan yeah i've never i never knew that that was a thing in the paranormal yeah it's actually kind
RSdJiF_fWPE-00145-00091976-00092472 of more common than you would think um waverly is big on it apparently this place is too i just
RSdJiF_fWPE-00146-00092472-00092968 learned about it today um i thought i heard my boss coming down the main staircase up here on
RSdJiF_fWPE-00147-00092968-00093368 the phone i thought he was just messing with us i took off up these stairs and i was like kimmel
RSdJiF_fWPE-00148-00093368-00093888 his name is adam kimmel i was like what are you doing in here it was my tour it was like the last
RSdJiF_fWPE-00149-00093888-00094376 one he normally doesn't do checks until after i'm done and i radio back down to base and i was like
RSdJiF_fWPE-00150-00094376-00094904 kimmel are you in the admin and he goes no he's like i haven't been up there like 45 minutes
RSdJiF_fWPE-00151-00094992-00095368 and i swore i heard him come walking down the stairs talking on the phone
RSdJiF_fWPE-00152-00095368-00095912 wow and there was nobody in here but me and my group why i wonder how many times we've had
RSdJiF_fWPE-00153-00095912-00096784 something like that happen but just thought it was one of us and never even paid in any mind at all
RSdJiF_fWPE-00154-00096904-00097168 you guys ready to head upstairs yeah yeah let's go upstairs
RSdJiF_fWPE-00155-00097376-00098184 oh my goodness wow goodness what a cool place
RSdJiF_fWPE-00156-00098248-00098928 you hear that anyone hear that oh you mean that the harming i deserve it yeah cool place
RSdJiF_fWPE-00157-00099264-00100008 that is quite frequent really especially up in the five-story the homes yep
RSdJiF_fWPE-00158-00100080-00100576 this is the first floor um this is what every tv patient would have seen when they
RSdJiF_fWPE-00159-00100576-00101072 first came in this would have been the grand staircase the waiting room wow ultimately this
RSdJiF_fWPE-00160-00101072-00101384 floor right here would have decided their fate you're either going to walk out or you're not
RSdJiF_fWPE-00161-00101640-00102016 just let me go investigate they start barking yeah if they start like if they
RSdJiF_fWPE-00162-00102016-00102384 start barking or growling there's something wrong because there's nobody else in here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00163-00102896-00103488 what is that though outside huh did you hear that sigh was that not you no i thought you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00164-00103488-00104040 just did that to the dogs i thought that was you i thought you went ah wait what it was
RSdJiF_fWPE-00165-00104040-00105183 like it was like right between us and i thought it was him so i didn't pay any attention what
RSdJiF_fWPE-00166-00105816-00106272 i was just getting ready to say that shadow figures up in the corners on both sides of
RSdJiF_fWPE-00167-00106272-00106648 the staircase they're actually kind of common they don't really walk down the stairs they
RSdJiF_fWPE-00168-00106648-00107232 just kind of lurk in the corner that's one thing that we've noticed quite frequently especially
RSdJiF_fWPE-00169-00107232-00107768 on one floor up which you guys do have access to um up in the corner by the staircase okay
RSdJiF_fWPE-00170-00107888-00108376 so that was the main entrance right there that was like street level okay yep up here would
RSdJiF_fWPE-00171-00108376-00108959 have been all of the offices upstairs right here on the third floor would have been all for females
RSdJiF_fWPE-00172-00108959-00109424 so any female who worked here nurses things like that they would have lived up on the second floor
RSdJiF_fWPE-00173-00109424-00109959 second third floor and then up on the very top which is like kind of referred to as the fourth
RSdJiF_fWPE-00174-00109959-00110583 floor would have been men everybody was kind of separated until one point when it turned into leon
RSdJiF_fWPE-00175-00110640-00111064 are we sure that's the dogs i know there's a lot of it sounds like something's playing with him
RSdJiF_fWPE-00176-00111064-00111328 no dude that was yeah i heard like things moving
RSdJiF_fWPE-00177-00112000-00112392 that dog whines whenever there's people around i know it actually only was dogs don't
RSdJiF_fWPE-00178-00112392-00112735 whine for other dogs just like cats don't me out for other cats for humans
RSdJiF_fWPE-00179-00112904-00113583 should we go do they just come running down the stairs to us
RSdJiF_fWPE-00180-00114416-00114983 yeah dude because i'm hearing the whining over here but then i'm hearing stuff fall over there
RSdJiF_fWPE-00181-00115159-00115608 hey buddy hey okay what's wrong
RSdJiF_fWPE-00182-00115856-00116408 awesome they were so wait they were all the way up they were on the fourth
RSdJiF_fWPE-00183-00116408-00116759 floor they just came running down the stairs those are just the whining stops
RSdJiF_fWPE-00184-00117520-00117783 oh my god
RSdJiF_fWPE-00185-00118496-00118735 are you ready honey yeah i'm ready all right let's see
RSdJiF_fWPE-00186-00118848-00119183 okay so what do you want what else do you want you want new nails you want to do feet
RSdJiF_fWPE-00187-00119304-00119983 nails yeah okay come here okay so how old are you um 18. okay you see anybody huh you got a
RSdJiF_fWPE-00188-00119983-00120680 boy you've been to prom yet you've been to prom yet this guy the man the problem yeah a boy wow
RSdJiF_fWPE-00189-00120952-00121480 you really want me to yeah are you sure you can handle it ah i can handle a lot okay well
RSdJiF_fWPE-00190-00121616-00121680 it's your son
RSdJiF_fWPE-00191-00121952-00122559 you gotta be [__] me sympathy you gotta be [__] me timothy i've been dating timothy oh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00192-00122559-00123080 my god well he's hung like his father weaver yeah hung like a [__] horse
RSdJiF_fWPE-00193-00123192-00123592 i know he hung like a father you gotta be [__] me again
RSdJiF_fWPE-00194-00123896-00124256 girl this everything is the funniest thing that has ever happened on any of my children
RSdJiF_fWPE-00195-00124400-00124792 don't encourage that behavior you will have more
RSdJiF_fWPE-00196-00124792-00125135 are you guys cool with going lights out oh absolutely we should do that right now
RSdJiF_fWPE-00197-00125735-00126000 this is what i mean by the term stupid dark
RSdJiF_fWPE-00198-00126080-00126511 you cannot see your hand two inches in front of your face make sure you are fully aware
RSdJiF_fWPE-00199-00126511-00126968 of who is standing around you at all times when the lights are out sometimes a certain
RSdJiF_fWPE-00200-00126968-00127583 person could walk up out of nowhere wait so which i think somebody just did over here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00201-00128064-00128383 oh this isn't even the scariest part you guys ready to head down to the nursing home
RSdJiF_fWPE-00202-00128456-00128583 yeah can we tell the light okay
RSdJiF_fWPE-00203-00128816-00128896 that's how we
RSdJiF_fWPE-00204-00129704-00130056 the nursing home i will say this now is my least favorite spot
RSdJiF_fWPE-00205-00130056-00130383 you could not pay me any amount of money to stay in here by myself
RSdJiF_fWPE-00206-00130520-00131072 did you hear that did you hear that there's something in that room did you hear that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00207-00131584-00131960 now there's something that i do with all of my tour groups and if you guys are cool with it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00208-00132024-00132560 on the mirror selfie haunted mirror selfie mirrors now is the mirror haunted or are we just calling
RSdJiF_fWPE-00209-00132560-00133032 it back we have caught apparitions in here i can actually show you guys a picture of one that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00210-00133032-00133576 um one of my guests on my tour caught standing behind me let's take our picture first sounds good
RSdJiF_fWPE-00211-00133848-00134584 okay yeah all right ready one two three
RSdJiF_fWPE-00212-00134744-00135216 do you see anything and then it'll take me just one second you gotta develop it yeah right
RSdJiF_fWPE-00213-00135488-00135944 there's nothing in our pictures unfortunately but if you guys try that tonight and you do find it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00214-00135944-00136376 go ahead and send it to me okay um there's a haunted mirror selfie club on instagram
RSdJiF_fWPE-00215-00136376-00136768 what do people normally see like what's the most common thing to see um personally for
RSdJiF_fWPE-00216-00136768-00137232 me i've seen faces um i'm actually looking for one of the photos that we've taken now
RSdJiF_fWPE-00217-00137232-00137704 i was standing probably about where you were i had i was facing a mirror there were eight
RSdJiF_fWPE-00218-00137704-00138248 people in my group but there were nine people in the photo the ninth person has glowing eyes oh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00219-00138248-00138784 that's the part that tripped me out the most all right so it's a nice normal photo of everybody
RSdJiF_fWPE-00220-00139320-00140000 oh that's so [__] cool wait what i've never seen it that's so cool that's insane that's you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00221-00140000-00140584 can see the hair and that's no hair mouth no smiling he's literally smiling for the picture
RSdJiF_fWPE-00222-00140672-00141120 wow i don't think i've ever seen swiping no no no and that's a girl in the back right for sure
RSdJiF_fWPE-00223-00141120-00141728 okay yeah all of these around here are people the only one that's not is our oh my god extra
RSdJiF_fWPE-00224-00141728-00142272 guest that we gained that's so cool every time you walk by this mirror take some pictures
RSdJiF_fWPE-00225-00142272-00142632 the mirror will probably scare you guys i'm not gonna lie i've walked by here a couple times
RSdJiF_fWPE-00226-00142632-00143056 and stared the crap out of myself walking through your internal darkness it's a whole lot different
RSdJiF_fWPE-00227-00143120-00143568 yeah this room right back here was a recreation room they would play board
RSdJiF_fWPE-00228-00143568-00144072 games puzzles do you remember these all the velvet uh yeah those were everything
RSdJiF_fWPE-00229-00144344-00144576 those were the best things ever dude i wonder how long it took
RSdJiF_fWPE-00230-00144696-00145160 they have jeopardy bingo yeah they had everything let's go all right let's go
RSdJiF_fWPE-00231-00145160-00145576 who's gonna play me in yahtzee i'm not trying to brag but i went on a disney cruise a couple
RSdJiF_fWPE-00232-00145576-00146464 months ago and i won 178 dollars in bingo okay and i only bet 300 so i only lost half oh my god
RSdJiF_fWPE-00233-00146624-00147096 can we use some debris we're not more bragging alone tonight okay let's go you handed these out
RSdJiF_fWPE-00234-00147096-00147696 though how about this if you get one you are safe oh okay you're one you were safe last one standing
RSdJiF_fWPE-00235-00147696-00148272 goes alone okay deal the second you get one called out you're safe the free space does not count
RSdJiF_fWPE-00236-00148416-00148816 sorry as soon as she calls out one thing that you have you are safe okay
RSdJiF_fWPE-00237-00148816-00149464 god please all right let's go in 44. bingo oh do you really right here yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00238-00149672-00149984 aaron's safe okay oh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00239-00150976-00151600 is it just us three now yeah no no no come on say a good one dude come on get on it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00240-00151744-00152488 you got it uh b4 yes let's go let's go thank you god
RSdJiF_fWPE-00241-00152584-00153376 you're welcome oh thank you okay all right um let's go oh 64. there we go
RSdJiF_fWPE-00242-00153840-00154240 that actually worked you know what though i feel like this is karma
RSdJiF_fWPE-00243-00154296-00155032 why do you remember the mr boots tunnel yeah i had my flashlight on the whole time yeah oh my god
RSdJiF_fWPE-00244-00155240-00155736 i love that that actually worked though okay that's so funny that was very actually worked hey
RSdJiF_fWPE-00245-00155736-00156176 hey so we came in so what's the one place that you hadn't been to is it because you're
RSdJiF_fWPE-00246-00156176-00156568 afraid of it is that we haven't been there yet we're just not allowed to go up there on tours
RSdJiF_fWPE-00247-00156568-00156896 oh fifth floor in the sidewalk oh there's a psych
RSdJiF_fWPE-00248-00157856-00158592 what if yo what if we did it again what why just because bingo so much [__] fun you know like
RSdJiF_fWPE-00249-00158592-00159224 what if who loses next then has to come with me you know right we'll find another game i'm gonna
RSdJiF_fWPE-00250-00159224-00159784 play a different game okay find a different game yeah play another round is there any more games
RSdJiF_fWPE-00251-00161072-00161408 around here where pieces their game pieces are thrown i like this place
RSdJiF_fWPE-00252-00161408-00161760 yes let's go this place is this place near here it's close we're getting there
RSdJiF_fWPE-00253-00162336-00162704 there's one hall right down here where we'll go lights out if you guys are cool with that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00254-00162768-00163152 shadow play is big down here i have personally deemed that hallway
RSdJiF_fWPE-00255-00163224-00163616 to our right shadow man hallway we call him steven that is the name we've gotten
RSdJiF_fWPE-00256-00163616-00163984 through the spirit box several times go ahead and spread out along the wall
RSdJiF_fWPE-00257-00164192-00164584 hey steven i got a few new friends here with me tonight
RSdJiF_fWPE-00258-00164696-00164992 i just wanted to see if maybe you'd come out of your room and talk to us for a minute
RSdJiF_fWPE-00259-00165128-00165696 you don't have to be afraid of them i won't let them hurt you elsewhere
RSdJiF_fWPE-00260-00165896-00166456 go ahead they won't hurt you there it goes again oh something's oh my god it's like real
RSdJiF_fWPE-00261-00166456-00167120 quick right yeah what the [__] what where are you thinking you go by very quickly yeah real
RSdJiF_fWPE-00262-00167120-00167760 quick almost like yeah yeah i'm saying the same thing i'm getting really bad very good right now
RSdJiF_fWPE-00263-00167888-00168096 my eyes oh there he goes oh what the [__] somebody
RSdJiF_fWPE-00264-00169232-00169608 in the daylight you guys might be able to see it tomorrow there's a full view of the front of the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00265-00169608-00170280 five story at one point somebody jumped out of a window on that one of the five story wow if
RSdJiF_fWPE-00266-00170280-00170984 you're saying ed and steven almost hang out in the exact same area yep one room down from each other
RSdJiF_fWPE-00267-00171088-00171504 i've not physically seen ed but we have seen stephen how did you get the name steven uh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00268-00171504-00172008 ed sorry came through the spirit box oh and then when we looked on the wall after we left
RSdJiF_fWPE-00269-00172232-00173064 it says ed this is kind of the central area so we'll stop here oh wow yes it spans all four
RSdJiF_fWPE-00270-00173064-00173680 directions don't just focus on that one because i told you you will see stuff in every single wing
RSdJiF_fWPE-00271-00173768-00174280 if there's a window somebody will probably walk in front of it i first knew about steven and i'm
RSdJiF_fWPE-00272-00174280-00174680 standing down in the middle of that hallway with a funny enough paranormal investigator named steve
RSdJiF_fWPE-00273-00174768-00175104 and i were standing side by side but we're looking down this hallway he grabbed a hold of me and i
RSdJiF_fWPE-00274-00175104-00175592 grabbed a hold of him quicker than you could say help it scared the crap out of both of us
RSdJiF_fWPE-00275-00175680-00176088 i'd never seen anything like that before that was the first experience that kind of changed my mind
RSdJiF_fWPE-00276-00176088-00176568 maybe the paranormal does exist so i mean prior to you coming here you were skeptical i was a
RSdJiF_fWPE-00277-00176568-00177160 skeptical believer yes god and now you are i'm a full-blown believer in what duration of time here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00278-00177280-00177912 less than six months oh it's regretting yeah anything that you've noticed that tends to
RSdJiF_fWPE-00279-00177912-00178528 make it more wild playing like heart monitors especially here the sound of a heart monitor
RSdJiF_fWPE-00280-00178528-00179400 i've done that before that's a heart that's just a heart you guys are monitoring it aren't you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00281-00179400-00180072 here they also like to play hide and clap oh my god i pitched the idea earlier did you hear me say
RSdJiF_fWPE-00282-00180072-00180544 that earlier no no i literally walked in here we haven't done that in over over a year over
RSdJiF_fWPE-00283-00180544-00181056 a year at least and i was like for some reason this place makes me want to do it for the first
RSdJiF_fWPE-00284-00181056-00181424 time in forever i didn't clap and you literally looked at me and you were like i'm not gonna do
RSdJiF_fWPE-00285-00181424-00181864 it the state pulled the funding because they found out that they were doing experiments on patients
RSdJiF_fWPE-00286-00181928-00182568 we don't know what kind of experiments yet we know that they were doing them we just don't
RSdJiF_fWPE-00287-00182568-00183232 know what kind what year was this 2011. oh the people who lived here were not treated very well
RSdJiF_fWPE-00288-00183352-00183912 there are photographs somewhere around here of actual physical abuse being documented on polaroid
RSdJiF_fWPE-00289-00183912-00184600 from the 60s oh my god we have that we have we've got a lawsuit from i believe it was the 60s sexual
RSdJiF_fWPE-00290-00184600-00185232 misconduct between an employee and a patient here so that's why there's the posters everywhere
RSdJiF_fWPE-00291-00185232-00185656 that says for the patients if you see something going on to report it oh that's what those are
RSdJiF_fWPE-00292-00185656-00186144 for there was a lot of that here i assume those are for like the tour if you saw a trespasser i
RSdJiF_fWPE-00293-00186144-00186680 did not even think that all of this was not put up by us it was here when we got here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00294-00186752-00187384 we estimate 5 000 deaths here we don't know for sure so hundreds of patients hundreds of patients
RSdJiF_fWPE-00295-00187384-00187848 and thousands of deaths and absolutely no record on where they went much it's
RSdJiF_fWPE-00296-00187848-00188376 it's a lot there are people who took their own lives there's people who killed other patients
RSdJiF_fWPE-00297-00188464-00188944 there was murders here not from the doctors not from the doctors it was employee unemployed
RSdJiF_fWPE-00298-00188944-00189696 at one point the most recent was in 2009. um it was an employee who decided he wanted to come
RSdJiF_fWPE-00299-00189696-00190168 in shoot another co-worker over some unbeknownst reason and then turn the gun on himself back in
RSdJiF_fWPE-00300-00190168-00191032 the power plant where you guys are parked oh okay flower park there wow yeah and other patients just
RSdJiF_fWPE-00301-00191112-00191616 the staff didn't care so just let them have it have at it yeah they didn't know somehow
RSdJiF_fWPE-00302-00191616-00192000 i don't know how they didn't and this is the same place that you won't stay loaded
RSdJiF_fWPE-00303-00192152-00192792 you wouldn't stand right here for like 200 for 10 minutes i wouldn't stand here for a million
RSdJiF_fWPE-00304-00192792-00193488 dollars for five minutes wow absolutely not i'll do it wow i'll do it you wouldn't sit here for
RSdJiF_fWPE-00305-00193488-00193896 five minutes for a million dollars five minutes pitch black we're all right outside the building
RSdJiF_fWPE-00306-00193896-00194432 waiting for you whenever you're ready hell no did something like really bad happen right here to you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00307-00194432-00194864 it freaks me out it's just the feeling the feeling that i get when i'm in here alone it doesn't
RSdJiF_fWPE-00308-00194864-00195384 matter if it's daytime nighttime if somebody's with me it's always heavy i don't like it there's
RSdJiF_fWPE-00309-00195384-00196184 something involved with this spot and we have it and then this is where you're gonna be by yourself
RSdJiF_fWPE-00310-00197568-00197880 what chair what rope where are we doing this let's go oh my gosh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00311-00197880-00198984 right here there's chair right there okay chair and what are we using um
RSdJiF_fWPE-00312-00199232-00199784 wait i really so you're gonna do so well here you're gonna have a long career it's gonna be
RSdJiF_fWPE-00313-00199784-00200320 great the ghosts are gonna like you we like you thank you i appreciate that it went from you can't
RSdJiF_fWPE-00314-00200320-00200952 catch me dead standing here for a million dollars too we're gonna tie you to a chair it's not me
RSdJiF_fWPE-00315-00201024-00201312 that's that's the thing actually do you want to do it do you want to talk because if i do
RSdJiF_fWPE-00316-00201312-00201816 then everybody's gonna be like elves with friends but if you do it it's like okay so
RSdJiF_fWPE-00317-00201816-00202280 monopoly where's that i don't know if i should have a monopoly board it might have been thrown
RSdJiF_fWPE-00318-00202280-00202856 away you guys ever played duckduckgoose nobody played duct tape duct tape yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00319-00203168-00203872 so if is there is there anything that i can do to have someone else get duct taped to the chair
RSdJiF_fWPE-00320-00203872-00204192 with me would you guys like to see him get duct taped to a chair
RSdJiF_fWPE-00321-00204192-00204704 yeah or would you like to experience it with me a once in a while
RSdJiF_fWPE-00322-00204919-00205400 we can do this together and give you mclaren we could do it back to
RSdJiF_fWPE-00323-00205400-00205984 back did you hear that what i'm hearing she's acting like ubereats doesn't exist
RSdJiF_fWPE-00324-00206176-00206560 we can't even get casey's in town to deliver out here not even casey's you hear that and
RSdJiF_fWPE-00325-00206560-00207056 it's only like two and a half miles you thought you outsmarted everyone here this is so much fun
RSdJiF_fWPE-00326-00207256-00207616 i apologize in advance everybody else got a lot more so nobody wants to play like
RSdJiF_fWPE-00327-00207616-00207871 rock paper scissors a bunch and then do it with me
RSdJiF_fWPE-00328-00208008-00208776 i'll do it you i'll do it did you yeah i'll do it i want to see if anything happens for myself so it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00329-00208776-00209256 be a trio thing can we do like a little three well it went from by yourself to the three of you dude
RSdJiF_fWPE-00330-00209256-00209728 this is this is amazing you know what if the three of them are gonna do it i'll jump into it why not
RSdJiF_fWPE-00331-00210144-00210367 if you're yeah do it and you're gonna do it i think we should
RSdJiF_fWPE-00332-00210367-00210719 all do it in a different part of the building and then she would stay here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00333-00211008-00211864 would you do that right deal would that's a deal right why not so you're here and then we're all
RSdJiF_fWPE-00334-00211864-00212416 paired off in different parts see this is all groundbreaking this is this is incredible that was
RSdJiF_fWPE-00335-00212416-00212952 a lot cheaper than a million dollars everything in runs how many other are you hang on eight
RSdJiF_fWPE-00336-00212952-00213648 eight yeah including so all about the leaving that you're staying here uh i don't know
RSdJiF_fWPE-00337-00213896-00213952 five minutes
RSdJiF_fWPE-00338-00214200-00214744 okay six and two thirds minutes wait what's happening okay six point six six six minutes
RSdJiF_fWPE-00339-00214744-00215471 40 seconds you're all going up nope i'll do five minutes that's mine i'll hear that all
RSdJiF_fWPE-00340-00215471-00216016 right okay before we take it back to the tour okay no one heard that what it was just like a
RSdJiF_fWPE-00341-00216016-00216440 really loud like i don't know it's just a super loud moan like a high-pitched moment it was like
RSdJiF_fWPE-00342-00216440-00217088 a cheer no wasn't it you shouldn't be right no yeah you need me alone yeah what did that sound
RSdJiF_fWPE-00343-00217464-00217864 oh i'm terrified at all no thank you okay okay
RSdJiF_fWPE-00344-00218496-00218792 she uses the baby doll as her face
RSdJiF_fWPE-00345-00219056-00219744 you know you have [__] up ideas we can get way worse i figured as much yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00346-00219871-00220432 no they already have them well this is still are we still technically the first building yeah this
RSdJiF_fWPE-00347-00220432-00220960 is technically your second building the only thing that i recommend about five story do not piss them
RSdJiF_fWPE-00348-00220960-00221471 off we just recently come across somebody who's a whole lot more aggressive than everybody else
RSdJiF_fWPE-00349-00221471-00222119 he is very intimidating he will follow you around in here you require something deep you heard it on
RSdJiF_fWPE-00350-00222119-00222823 the roof again yeah it was above us that's creepy and the dogs can't get on the roof i would hope
RSdJiF_fWPE-00351-00222823-00223336 not i wouldn't be surprised though like i'm six foot tall and i can't get out of the room so am i
RSdJiF_fWPE-00352-00223552-00224184 i'm six one yeah all right i'm five eight
RSdJiF_fWPE-00353-00224592-00225616 dude if you were that tall i would be so scared if you were that tall i'd be terrified of you yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00354-00225616-00226984 it takes me to the demon otherwise take me head oh my god take me away take me away take me
RSdJiF_fWPE-00355-00227216-00227480 look at the walls they're watching where do they watch
RSdJiF_fWPE-00356-00227567-00228280 you me so this right here would have been the lee allen bryant dining room you want
RSdJiF_fWPE-00357-00228280-00228744 to get your food back over here you can kind of see the line back there oh yeah out here in the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00358-00228744-00229176 main hallway there's also a nurses station where you just have to get your medicine every day
RSdJiF_fWPE-00359-00229271-00229656 three times a day the slats in the wall right there you can actually see through those
RSdJiF_fWPE-00360-00229719-00230080 that is so the nurses didn't have to walk too far out of the nurse's station to keep
RSdJiF_fWPE-00361-00230080-00230608 an eye on everybody that was able to you were under supervision all day every day
RSdJiF_fWPE-00362-00230671-00231264 as for paranormal occurrences in here we hear talking laughing singing homing is a big one in
RSdJiF_fWPE-00363-00231264-00231896 this in this building um we've heard door slam we've heard footsteps running above us this is
RSdJiF_fWPE-00364-00231896-00232584 also the same building where three fours above us destination fear caught the thermal figure
RSdJiF_fWPE-00365-00232680-00233248 i heard y'all like the laughs oh my gosh i heard y'all like to hear some jokes
RSdJiF_fWPE-00366-00233360-00233984 y'all wanna hear a deal
RSdJiF_fWPE-00367-00235416-00235744 but it's cool because it's from a haunted place yeah that's cool do you think that was brought
RSdJiF_fWPE-00368-00235744-00236176 in here you think that was part of no that was left here no i saw that the first time i was in
RSdJiF_fWPE-00369-00236176-00236704 here really could you you're wearing something somebody more that was probably insane i cannot
RSdJiF_fWPE-00370-00239848-00240032 wow the jacket too
RSdJiF_fWPE-00371-00240384-00241048 all right it's cool yes did you hear like i read that in her footsteps
RSdJiF_fWPE-00372-00241344-00241856 it's because we have so much energy right now yeah if you keep that they will come out give
RSdJiF_fWPE-00373-00241856-00242464 that energy okay keep the good funny light-hearted energy they didn't have a whole lot of that here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00374-00242552-00242967 it was all rules and you gotta do this and you got to do that by certain times
RSdJiF_fWPE-00375-00243096-00243416 they didn't do a show i think we'll do a show for the patients later
RSdJiF_fWPE-00376-00243519-00243919 let's see because then we can find out that would be like belair house we were telling jokes
RSdJiF_fWPE-00377-00243919-00244223 i wonder if we can make some patients laugh later comedy's special
RSdJiF_fWPE-00378-00244336-00244880 um through that doorway back there is another smaller recreation room it's kind of
RSdJiF_fWPE-00379-00245071-00245704 it's more like game board pieces that's where addie had one thrown at her it came i believe
RSdJiF_fWPE-00380-00245704-00246240 it was a chess piece that came flying across the room but she said that it didn't feel malicious it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00381-00246240-00246864 was like a hey i'm here pay attention to me that's kind of like what a lot of these are you know they
RSdJiF_fWPE-00382-00246864-00247256 were thrown away by their families they didn't have family all they wanted to be remembered
RSdJiF_fWPE-00383-00247336-00247936 they were forgotten for so long they don't know anything else that's kind of why i cherish this
RSdJiF_fWPE-00384-00247936-00248408 place so much you know i don't want them to feel like they're forgotten i want them to know that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00385-00248408-00248976 they matter and they do have a story that's why i do what i do here do they like playing games
RSdJiF_fWPE-00386-00249184-00249567 i do and for whatever reason it seems that the corner that you're standing in
RSdJiF_fWPE-00387-00249632-00250080 is heavier than everywhere else in the room we've caught giggling in here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00388-00250080-00250567 um one of my tumor guests was actually scratched in here on the back of her neck but it was five
RSdJiF_fWPE-00389-00250567-00251104 finger marks like somebody was like trying to grab her to get her attention it was right here on the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00390-00251104-00251671 back of her back oh my god but i watched all five of them develop as she was standing in front of me
RSdJiF_fWPE-00391-00251792-00252544 what'd you say i just got a hand down my back right now right now oh first foot
RSdJiF_fWPE-00392-00252600-00253088 i see her sweatshirt moving on his arm shut up his present it was pressing right into her back
RSdJiF_fWPE-00393-00253167-00254040 i have never seen anything like that whoa dude yeah i feel like touch this somebody's touching
RSdJiF_fWPE-00394-00254040-00254696 me right now across the middle of my back yeah you're not yeah i gotta see the ending i'm so
RSdJiF_fWPE-00395-00254696-00255312 freaked out out of all the rest of your body too that's just the ending i just get butterflies
RSdJiF_fWPE-00396-00255792-00256384 oh my god i've never had this happen before
RSdJiF_fWPE-00397-00257176-00257960 and it's still doing it we don't have any tools okay aaron yeah come here okay
RSdJiF_fWPE-00398-00258519-00258767 that's the fun part about not having tools right now it's just the pressure
RSdJiF_fWPE-00399-00258848-00259184 as soon as i touch it it's crazy like chills and butterflies
RSdJiF_fWPE-00400-00259440-00259760 like it's literally like the energy in this basketball touching the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00401-00259760-00260223 [__] touch it get something as soon as you touch it i don't know how i didn't
RSdJiF_fWPE-00402-00260536-00260848 so i definitely feel like we have to investigate this room lately
RSdJiF_fWPE-00403-00260912-00261223 it is one of our most active spots right over your head you're about to hit that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00404-00261296-00262032 are you bringing it no it's their toy crawly rubbing oh robbie
RSdJiF_fWPE-00405-00262272-00262600 you wanna see a drink boy yeah oh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00406-00262968-00263384 okay
RSdJiF_fWPE-00407-00263768-00264784 what's your fave what's your favorite food grumpy oh crumpet
RSdJiF_fWPE-00408-00267496-00268040 heard something it sounded like think about it yeah it was like so much you all
RSdJiF_fWPE-00409-00268040-00268392 heard like scooting yeah like somebody like shuffling like they were running
RSdJiF_fWPE-00410-00268672-00268904 from where in here yeah in there behind
RSdJiF_fWPE-00411-00269264-00269360 it ends right here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00412-00269664-00269688 bro
RSdJiF_fWPE-00413-00270008-00270304 you know how insane this is did you just like click this video and jump
RSdJiF_fWPE-00414-00270304-00270488 to a random point in time and this is what you see
RSdJiF_fWPE-00415-00270752-00270864 let me just skim through it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00416-00271144-00271784 overnight and haunted insane asylum 32 minutes in [__] yeah
RSdJiF_fWPE-00417-00272256-00273184 so i definitely feel like we have to investigate this room later
RSdJiF_fWPE-00418-00275400-00275984 jesus oh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00419-00277312-00277800 something like that i'm like i have to fight it i'm out if i don't see anything like that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00420-00278080-00278784 oh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00421-00280120-00281056 he's so cute i know okay upstairs in the fifth floor um in room 510 we also have like a two and
RSdJiF_fWPE-00422-00281056-00281672 a half minute evp of the guy screaming saying let me out i went out the fifth floor is most
RSdJiF_fWPE-00423-00281672-00282152 intense especially for women that would have been you know your rapists your things like
RSdJiF_fWPE-00424-00282152-00282496 that anybody who committed a crime like that would have been put up on the fifth floor
RSdJiF_fWPE-00425-00282568-00283016 who was that who just did that who just did that who just pulled my jacket
RSdJiF_fWPE-00426-00283016-00283560 someone just pulled i've never had something like that strong bro that's running somebody running
RSdJiF_fWPE-00427-00283736-00284384 bro it was like one footstep like right it was like my jacket got stuck to a nail and it goes
RSdJiF_fWPE-00428-00284808-00285528 i heard that dog it happened as i passed right here there was no literally the doorway
RSdJiF_fWPE-00429-00285528-00285784 as i'm right here my jacket gets pulled backwards
RSdJiF_fWPE-00430-00285896-00287184 that was insane that's new we haven't had that happen right here did you just grab my jacket
RSdJiF_fWPE-00431-00287856-00288128 now this is the very top of the building the thing right above you is
RSdJiF_fWPE-00432-00288216-00289232 roof um 510 seems to be seems to be the most active um ground like footsteps talking moaning
RSdJiF_fWPE-00433-00289336-00289568 pretty much anything you can think of this is five pounds
RSdJiF_fWPE-00434-00289776-00289984 it's down there
RSdJiF_fWPE-00435-00290168-00290592 right there on the floor the guy left the room for about 10 minutes came back picked
RSdJiF_fWPE-00436-00290592-00291200 it up there was a lot on there when one of them said that they were walking away he goes
RSdJiF_fWPE-00437-00291256-00291912 by like okay leave i don't care this in this building up here we've got a lot up here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00438-00292008-00292664 second floor and the fourth floor um i haven't really got a whole lot on the first or the third
RSdJiF_fWPE-00439-00292664-00293120 um the third is kind of like a safe haven so if it gets to be right yeah so if it gets to be too much
RSdJiF_fWPE-00440-00293120-00293640 for you guys go down and just recollect yourself on the third floor i've had crazy stuff happen in
RSdJiF_fWPE-00441-00293640-00294176 all four wings so i wouldn't rule it out as just one side or the other if you guys stand four you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00442-00294176-00294664 back to back and face all all four sides you're all probably gonna see something outside addy and
RSdJiF_fWPE-00443-00294664-00295112 i were setting up one night for final tour it was like 11 45 last one rolled out at midnight
RSdJiF_fWPE-00444-00295176-00295768 we were sitting out behind the garage at the superintendent's mansion pitch black outside we
RSdJiF_fWPE-00445-00295768-00296264 only had the lights up around the tent so people knew where to check in addy and i hadn't talked in
RSdJiF_fWPE-00446-00296264-00296624 probably about 15-20 minutes she was back smoking a cigarette i was sitting in the lawn chair just
RSdJiF_fWPE-00447-00296624-00297216 relaxing before i took out my final tour i look up and there's a gentleman walking up the road on
RSdJiF_fWPE-00448-00297216-00297768 this side closest to superintendent's mansion all the cars are parked along the side of the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00449-00297768-00298392 street so he goes behind each one of the cars i don't think much about it and then one of our
RSdJiF_fWPE-00450-00298392-00298976 cars from our previous tour is backing out it's a white durango they start pulling out and down the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00451-00298976-00299696 gravel way there he doesn't move the car doesn't stop the car goes right through him addy and i saw
RSdJiF_fWPE-00452-00299696-00300336 it at the same time the exact same thing we both look at each other like what the hell is happening
RSdJiF_fWPE-00453-00300408-00301040 the person driving didn't even see it didn't seem to if they did they didn't pay no mind to it it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00454-00301040-00301488 was no different than me looking at one of you that's how solid he was he was in a white coat
RSdJiF_fWPE-00455-00301568-00301896 didn't really see the pants because he was walking behind the walking behind the cars we think
RSdJiF_fWPE-00456-00301896-00302488 it was a doctor yeah all right thank you yeah absolutely appreciate it we're not done by the way
RSdJiF_fWPE-00457-00302776-00302968 i'll stay all night if i have to i gotta work in the morning
RSdJiF_fWPE-00458-00303080-00303456 do you sleep here in the building i sleep in the commercial building okay on occasion is
RSdJiF_fWPE-00459-00303456-00303880 that creepy at all that's where we're at that's where the children's work used to be shut up
RSdJiF_fWPE-00460-00303880-00304408 so people hear a little boy giggling wait we're sleeping tonight yep oh it's not too terrible
RSdJiF_fWPE-00461-00304408-00304872 this is the building where we're sleeping in no no we're not in the building oh yeah i mean if you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00462-00304872-00305560 if you have a set like that by all means go for it oh in this boot no it's more because it's cold not
RSdJiF_fWPE-00463-00305560-00306224 because that's great okay cool yeah yeah i i did not open that door that was shut because that's
RSdJiF_fWPE-00464-00306224-00306792 remember remember we were playing the balance game yeah the door was closed but it was open right now
RSdJiF_fWPE-00465-00306792-00307224 evan just walked through it and did not touch the door he walked straight through it that's cool
RSdJiF_fWPE-00466-00307320-00307968 oh say that could you say that one more time this is the opposite end of shadow man hallway so where
RSdJiF_fWPE-00467-00307968-00308456 we all kind of cut and we went dark this is what the other side looks like from the upside down
RSdJiF_fWPE-00468-00309192-00309680 all right so we are going to of course do an investigation we've kind of already decided
RSdJiF_fWPE-00469-00309680-00310192 that you want to go up to the fifth floor because you are a non-believer
RSdJiF_fWPE-00470-00310192-00310648 right that is correct and you what was the reason you wanted to go with this floor
RSdJiF_fWPE-00471-00310728-00311440 i'm a chick they like to touch chicks apparently i want to be a trigger object um okay you crazy
RSdJiF_fWPE-00472-00311440-00311936 so i already volunteered to go with you because i was given permission by the owner to provoke
RSdJiF_fWPE-00473-00312008-00312568 and you alone being up there is kind of provocative in a sense right they don't want you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00474-00312568-00313224 up there and so we'll go up to the fifth floor and then aaron you're gonna join me tonight right okay
RSdJiF_fWPE-00475-00313288-00314000 and then the three of you will go where you'd like probably a third floor start okay we have
RSdJiF_fWPE-00476-00314000-00314472 all the tools we'll try and make sure to use them in moderation i mean if you're new to the channel
RSdJiF_fWPE-00477-00314472-00315136 like they're every single kit is filled with every kind of device you could ever imagine thermal
RSdJiF_fWPE-00478-00315136-00315832 imaging goggles rem pods motion sensors catballs obvious every single kit has different items
RSdJiF_fWPE-00479-00315928-00316256 serving different purposes so every kind of evidence we could want to capture
RSdJiF_fWPE-00480-00316320-00316808 we can do in here so we kind of know what we're getting ourselves into yeah and if something's
RSdJiF_fWPE-00481-00316808-00317432 not working but we've already had some really cool activity we haven't even investigated yet
RSdJiF_fWPE-00482-00317496-00317896 we've already gotten more evidence than we have some other places yeah without investigating i
RSdJiF_fWPE-00483-00317896-00318272 know and that's the truth it's funny because we were talking about possibly bringing the tools
RSdJiF_fWPE-00484-00318272-00318696 some of the tools on the tour but it kind of proves a point that like even without tools
RSdJiF_fWPE-00485-00318832-00319368 stuff that can happen we're just listening so and you are both complete non-believers right
RSdJiF_fWPE-00486-00319368-00319920 okay so you won't care to see what's in this box at all i won't see you
RSdJiF_fWPE-00487-00319920-00320368 you want it you don't want to see it we're training never mind
RSdJiF_fWPE-00488-00320568-00321232 oh my god this is all gonna be the first time for all of you seeing what's in this box
RSdJiF_fWPE-00489-00321232-00321816 yeah but we're gonna unveil every single item i'm also gonna say this right now all the stories for
RSdJiF_fWPE-00490-00321816-00322272 each one i've already taken out of them but i know what they belong to because i don't want
RSdJiF_fWPE-00491-00322272-00322888 anyone to read any of the back stories for each box what's that until it becomes time to open them
RSdJiF_fWPE-00492-00323016-00323392 because then you'll start deciding which box you want to open based on what stories
RSdJiF_fWPE-00493-00323392-00323984 so now you don't know okay so i will open it you guys mind taking this off the table because
RSdJiF_fWPE-00494-00323984-00324352 there's a lot of these yeah can you guess what the combination is by the way it's three numbers
RSdJiF_fWPE-00495-00324480-00325176 yeah guess what it is you know me so well uh you don't have to do it elton
RSdJiF_fWPE-00496-00325416-00326080 again it doesn't again it's doing the same thing it doesn't want me to go to the last six maybe
RSdJiF_fWPE-00497-00326080-00326688 that's a sign lily's doing it again remember the last thing you started praying and then it did it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00498-00326872-00327784 oh yeah ready thank you god thank you god and once again i love you guys are you serious oh my god
RSdJiF_fWPE-00499-00327984-00328128 okay i'm gonna step over here
RSdJiF_fWPE-00500-00328344-00328544 oh my salt has already fallen down
RSdJiF_fWPE-00501-00328712-00329240 well this is the one and the note last night so we already know actually did you even see this
RSdJiF_fWPE-00502-00329240-00330104 one last night no oh you didn't no so one by one by one which one do you like the least hmm
RSdJiF_fWPE-00503-00330384-00330584 box number one
RSdJiF_fWPE-00504-00330768-00330944 do you want to open one you want to unwrap it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00505-00331080-00331776 sure here you can unwrap it oh my god she doesn't even know you get the honors come on man what
RSdJiF_fWPE-00506-00332840-00333280 ethan would you like to unwrap one sure okay can you like a game show though please
RSdJiF_fWPE-00507-00333280-00333584 like a deal or no deal well i got an offer one second
RSdJiF_fWPE-00508-00333880-00334392 yeah they're going to offer you your soul in return for in return for not opening it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00509-00334656-00334784 oh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00510-00335648-00336120 oh i can't sure yeah i'm allergic mom say you can't have dippy boxes after 9pm
RSdJiF_fWPE-00511-00336120-00336472 just talk to her yeah yeah matt i won't tell
RSdJiF_fWPE-00512-00336584-00337256 god no look at the dog we got look how it oh i was so happy anticipation oh that one's oh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00513-00337432-00338168 what what is on that one is that a tooth is that that's good what's that i think that's a tooth
RSdJiF_fWPE-00514-00338264-00338904 what kind of cheeks i don't know that is like that ass molar sure there's
RSdJiF_fWPE-00515-00339312-00339424 why would you do that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00516-00339680-00340368 are you opening one tonight two why can we run away it was one for each night of the trip and
RSdJiF_fWPE-00517-00340368-00340784 we didn't do one last night too for good reason can we run away though before you open them
RSdJiF_fWPE-00518-00340840-00341320 yeah i don't want to be in sight what's in that one oh my god what is that
RSdJiF_fWPE-00519-00341560-00341976 i saw a movie with jim carrey about that i forgot about that one
RSdJiF_fWPE-00520-00342288-00342464 oh oh my god oh my god dude
RSdJiF_fWPE-00521-00342688-00342872 you know we're still not even halfway what
RSdJiF_fWPE-00522-00343080-00343104 seven
RSdJiF_fWPE-00523-00344560-00345984 that's a treasure chest oh is that a doll yeah that's like a voodoo doll what did you buy
RSdJiF_fWPE-00524-00346184-00346280 these are the final three
RSdJiF_fWPE-00525-00346512-00346776 wait wait is this uh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00526-00347096-00347720 what's a ghost's favorite type of liquor red rum continue what fun with hair
RSdJiF_fWPE-00527-00347824-00348320 i will stay away from that one i'm not a barber you can't touch it
RSdJiF_fWPE-00528-00348576-00349216 is that a chest yeah and a ouija board wait is that a pentagram on the lock yes it is
RSdJiF_fWPE-00529-00349672-00350176 as a donation to this establishment we leave them all here and never open any
RSdJiF_fWPE-00530-00350176-00350720 of them not only they want them here well what if they come back and these are moved around
RSdJiF_fWPE-00531-00350816-00351584 because they do like to move things no what if we come back and they're all open dude
RSdJiF_fWPE-00532-00353752-00354384 there are rules to this you can't just throw out ideas that are insane because they'll do them
RSdJiF_fWPE-00533-00354520-00355208 well yeah you guys take that upstairs i love that i like ethan doesn't work yeah it's uh
RSdJiF_fWPE-00534-00355304-00356008 we just lead the way lead the way i think it was poppies it was up that was it up one or is
RSdJiF_fWPE-00535-00356008-00356920 it that this one one right i think it's this one i think it's up we didn't go up there and that's the
RSdJiF_fWPE-00536-00357000-00357520 see this is why you're on our team yeah see i knew it i knew we should have you on our team
RSdJiF_fWPE-00537-00357688-00358584 ready what's up guys all right which boxes should we take
RSdJiF_fWPE-00538-00360752-00360760 you
RVAF70ypQL0-00000-00000000-00000237 Hello everyone from GoPippo
RVAF70ypQL0-00001-00000237-00000349 if you have arrived here
RVAF70ypQL0-00002-00000349-00000619 means that you have seen the first part of the video.
RVAF70ypQL0-00003-00000626-00000869 can be found on the channel of "L'uomo di casa" 
RVAF70ypQL0-00004-00000869-00001176 but here we will do the experiment
RVAF70ypQL0-00005-00001222-00001394 we're going to have a lot of fun
RVAF70ypQL0-00006-00001394-00001594 we laughed so hard
RVAF70ypQL0-00007-00001646-00001794 enjoy the video
RVAF70ypQL0-00008-00002056-00002334 here we are, ready for this project
RVAF70ypQL0-00009-00002334-00002534 for this experiment, because
RVAF70ypQL0-00010-00002534-00002734 we are with "l'uomo di casa"
RVAF70ypQL0-00011-00002734-00002934 In fact, if you
RVAF70ypQL0-00012-00002934-00003134 visit his channel
RVAF70ypQL0-00013-00003134-00003368 you will see what we did
RVAF70ypQL0-00014-00003368-00003596 because in reality, you see
RVAF70ypQL0-00015-00003596-00003796 this dirty water
RVAF70ypQL0-00016-00003796-00003996 cloudy
RVAF70ypQL0-00017-00003997-00004128 but you will ask, what is it?
RVAF70ypQL0-00018-00004128-00004358 if you want to know, you have to go to his channel
RVAF70ypQL0-00019-00004358-00004602 then click, and below
RVAF70ypQL0-00020-00004602-00004726 you will find everything
RVAF70ypQL0-00021-00004726-00004988 Exactly, and you will see what an adventure we have had
RVAF70ypQL0-00022-00004988-00005188 to find this water
RVAF70ypQL0-00023-00005348-00005508 OK, so now
RVAF70ypQL0-00024-00005508-00005708 what we have to do is simply
RVAF70ypQL0-00025-00005844-00006086 put this sachet, this content
RVAF70ypQL0-00026-00006086-00006286 to be able to purify it
RVAF70ypQL0-00027-00006286-00006484 so let's repeat, this
RVAF70ypQL0-00028-00006484-00006486 10 litres of water so let's repeat, this
RVAF70ypQL0-00029-00006486-00006634 10 litres of water
RVAF70ypQL0-00030-00006634-00006834 we removed 3/4 of them
RVAF70ypQL0-00031-00006850-00007072 because here are 2.5l
RVAF70ypQL0-00032-00007072-00007254 of water, so theoretically this
RVAF70ypQL0-00033-00007254-00007454 should make
RVAF70ypQL0-00034-00007454-00007740 clear... I don't believe it even when I see it 
RVAF70ypQL0-00035-00007740-00008012 I actually have some doubts but
RVAF70ypQL0-00036-00008012-00008181 let's see
RVAF70ypQL0-00037-00008181-00008362 because this is an experiment
RVAF70ypQL0-00038-00008362-00008382 we have to do this and then I have to mix it because this is an experiment
RVAF70ypQL0-00039-00008382-00008582 we have to do this and then I have to mix it
RVAF70ypQL0-00040-00008582-00008782 That's right, we practically
RVAF70ypQL0-00041-00008782-00008982 you turn it and I'll mix
RVAF70ypQL0-00042-00008982-00009182 I've got 1 gram here
RVAF70ypQL0-00043-00009182-00009382 pours
RVAF70ypQL0-00044-00009552-00009730 I pour it all, hopefully it will be enough
RVAF70ypQL0-00045-00009730-00009930 and you start to mix
RVAF70ypQL0-00046-00010130-00010298 throw down, mix well
RVAF70ypQL0-00047-00010298-00010498 stay calm, 5 minutes we have to mix
RVAF70ypQL0-00048-00010784-00010976 5 minutes should we mix?
RVAF70ypQL0-00049-00010976-00011220 then see you in a bit
RVAF70ypQL0-00050-00011220-00011462 you will see a time-lapse
RVAF70ypQL0-00051-00012498-00012764 ok let's say 5 minutes have passed
RVAF70ypQL0-00052-00012764-00012963 we turned it right
RVAF70ypQL0-00053-00012963-00013402 see what happens in time laps
RVAF70ypQL0-00054-00013402-00013572 let's see if it reacts
RVAF70ypQL0-00055-00013572-00013772 now we have to wait another 5 minutes 
RVAF70ypQL0-00056-00013772-00014002 Well then, let's wait for these blessed five minutes.
RVAF70ypQL0-00057-00014002-00014202 I don't believe it if I see it
RVAF70ypQL0-00058-00017808-00018138 now that we have everything, have you seen
RVAF70ypQL0-00059-00018138-00018420 the time laps of how it came down
RVAF70ypQL0-00060-00018420-00018620 really an impressive thing
RVAF70ypQL0-00061-00018620-00018898 I had never seen it before
RVAF70ypQL0-00062-00018898-00019098 now that we have everything, have you seen
RVAF70ypQL0-00063-00019104-00019448 never seen anything like it..... now you'll see
RVAF70ypQL0-00064-00019448-00019736 in the time lapse a comparison
RVAF70ypQL0-00065-00019736-00019936 of the water that was there before, but it was very turbid
RVAF70ypQL0-00066-00019936-00020224 it did not purify itself
RVAF70ypQL0-00067-00020310-00020598 however, I'll show you
RVAF70ypQL0-00068-00021006-00021256 practically everything went to the bottom
RVAF70ypQL0-00069-00021256-00021566 and the rest has become... let's say that still
RVAF70ypQL0-00070-00021622-00021864 there are residues, but we have to wait
RVAF70ypQL0-00071-00021864-00022064 20 minutes
RVAF70ypQL0-00072-00022064-00022264 Yes, that's the beauty of it
RVAF70ypQL0-00073-00022334-00022508 that you have to wait another 20 minutes 
RVAF70ypQL0-00074-00022508-00022764 then the instructions in the 
RVAF70ypQL0-00075-00022816-00023034 in the packet, they say to filter it 
RVAF70ypQL0-00076-00023034-00023234 because you only want to have clean water.
RVAF70ypQL0-00077-00023234-00023434 without the bottom is clear
RVAF70ypQL0-00078-00023434-00023716 but what will we do
RVAF70ypQL0-00079-00023716-00023916 we will drink it directly from here
RVAF70ypQL0-00080-00023984-00024246 if this stuff leaves
RVAF70ypQL0-00081-00024246-00024530 because I still see it a bit
RVAF70ypQL0-00082-00024530-00024808 that I don't trust... that is, if I were dying of thirst...
RVAF70ypQL0-00083-00024808-00025008 I could still do it, but this
RVAF70ypQL0-00084-00025364-00025648 so let's see how things stand
RVAF70ypQL0-00085-00025648-00025808 in case we decide
RVAF70ypQL0-00086-00025808-00026145 see you in 15 to 20 minutes
RVAF70ypQL0-00087-00026944-00027095 so then
RVAF70ypQL0-00088-00027236-00027568 the experiment was theoretically successful
RVAF70ypQL0-00089-00027568-00027768 has succeeded
RVAF70ypQL0-00090-00027768-00028022 certainly an extraordinary thing
RVAF70ypQL0-00091-00028022-00028222 you see the deposit... you can see... but
RVAF70ypQL0-00092-00028380-00028636 As the instructions also say, it is best to filter it first. 
RVAF70ypQL0-00093-00028692-00028904 The instructions clearly state that you must
RVAF70ypQL0-00094-00028904-00029104 filter it with a cloth
RVAF70ypQL0-00095-00029104-00029304 so I took the cotton cloth
RVAF70ypQL0-00096-00029304-00029504 that I used for absinthe
RVAF70ypQL0-00097-00029589-00029844 if you see green it is absinthe 
RVAF70ypQL0-00098-00029894-00030145 if you want to see the video, go to his channel
RVAF70ypQL0-00099-00030254-00030504 and now we take these glasses
RVAF70ypQL0-00100-00030632-00030898 we pour, we filter
RVAF70ypQL0-00101-00031314-00031652 as I showed you, there were tadpoles.
RVAF70ypQL0-00102-00031748-00031998 squirming
RVAF70ypQL0-00103-00032083-00032420 I wouldn't drink this water like this.
RVAF70ypQL0-00104-00032445-00032668 filtered absolutely yes
RVAF70ypQL0-00105-00032962-00033176 shall we make it quick?
RVAF70ypQL0-00106-00033176-00033376 slowly
RVAF70ypQL0-00107-00033592-00033696 no more
RVAF70ypQL0-00108-00033940-00034168 we have to drink a sip not a litre
RVAF70ypQL0-00109-00034194-00034294 I take the other glass
RVAF70ypQL0-00110-00034992-00035244 It's clean, isn't it? Yes. Look at this.
RVAF70ypQL0-00111-00035516-00035856 you can see that it is clean
RVAF70ypQL0-00112-00036014-00036242 there is no trick and no deception
RVAF70ypQL0-00113-00036590-00036844 otherwise you'll think we got it from the fountain.
RVAF70ypQL0-00114-00037400-00037690 you must drink!... :D
RVAF70ypQL0-00115-00037948-00038086 perfectr
RVAF70ypQL0-00116-00038168-00038420 oh Guys!.... straw or
RVAF70ypQL0-00117-00038420-00038670 but now without! guys 
RVAF70ypQL0-00118-00038812-00039138 but there's no smell
RVAF70ypQL0-00119-00039138-00039338 go!
RVAF70ypQL0-00120-00039804-00039938 taste is not bad
RVAF70ypQL0-00121-00040218-00040526 it is a bit metallic like tap water
RVAF70ypQL0-00122-00040526-00040726 but if you are in the middle of nowhere
RVAF70ypQL0-00123-00040782-00041008 that is, compared to the slime we took
RVAF70ypQL0-00124-00041008-00041208 one more sip?
RVAF70ypQL0-00125-00041400-00041596 I'll drink it all
RVAF70ypQL0-00126-00041596-00041796 you drank it all
RVAF70ypQL0-00127-00042222-00042498 let's hope we are well, we have to eat out
RVAF70ypQL0-00128-00042766-00042946 what not to do for the channel
RVAF70ypQL0-00129-00043018-00043306 we've finished the experiment
RVAF70ypQL0-00130-00043350-00043588 remember that these packet
RVAF70ypQL0-00131-00043614-00043834 are spectacular, now we leave you
RVAF70ypQL0-00132-00043844-00043964 below in the description
RVAF70ypQL0-00133-00043978-00044192 where there is some information
RVAF70ypQL0-00134-00044250-00044592 where 99.99999% of bacteria are killed
RVAF70ypQL0-00135-00044696-00044794 removes impurities
RVAF70ypQL0-00136-00044808-00045036 there is some technical information that if you want to inform yourself
RVAF70ypQL0-00137-00045036-00045236 we haven't drunk dirty water
RVAF70ypQL0-00138-00045236-00045350 so without informing us
RVAF70ypQL0-00139-00045350-00045550 so if you look below in description
RVAF70ypQL0-00140-00045550-00045750 and you find everything
RVAF70ypQL0-00141-00045804-00046030 see you next time
RVAF70ypQL0-00142-00046066-00046230 leave the likes
RVAF70ypQL0-00143-00046230-00046430 turn on the bell
RVAF70ypQL0-00144-00046430-00046630 to receive a notification that one of our videos has been released
RVAF70ypQL0-00145-00046802-00047036 go through his channel "L'uomo di casa"
RVAF70ypQL0-00146-00047036-00047236 I recommend
RVAF70ypQL0-00147-00047284-00047534 we say goodbye and see you at the next video
RVAF70ypQL0-00148-00048724-00049054 I was dying laughing!
RVJTM8R868u-00000-00000026-00000343 Hello again, and welcome to video 2-2.
RVJTM8R868u-00001-00000343-00000666 In this video were gonna talk about
RVJTM8R868u-00002-00000666-00001007 revision blocks.  Now,
RVJTM8R868u-00003-00001007-00001353 like we said text, the
RVJTM8R868u-00004-00001353-00001882 revision block is pretty much always located in the upper, right-hand corner
RVJTM8R868u-00005-00001882-00002347 of the drawing. It's pretty rare
RVJTM8R868u-00006-00002347-00002811 to see it anywhere else.  Now, let's talk about the individual parts
RVJTM8R868u-00007-00002811-00003181 of the revision block.
RVJTM8R868u-00008-00003181-00003492 We can see right here, for zone,
RVJTM8R868u-00009-00003492-00003854 which is going to be what zone
RVJTM8R868u-00010-00003854-00004202 on the drawing that the revision block is going to be located.  We'll talk about
RVJTM8R868u-00011-00004202-00004305 zones
RVJTM8R868u-00012-00004305-00004801 in the next video.  The next area of the block would be
RVJTM8R868u-00013-00004801-00005211 the actual revision number or letter, Whether you use a number or
RVJTM8R868u-00014-00005211-00005671 letter is really not that important.  Some companies choose to use letters.
RVJTM8R868u-00015-00005671-00006057 Some companies choose to use numbers.  It's just up to their preference.
RVJTM8R868u-00016-00006057-00006638 Then we have the revision description.
RVJTM8R868u-00017-00006638-00007093 The description does well exactly what it says.  It describes what the
RVJTM8R868u-00018-00007093-00007201 revision is.
RVJTM8R868u-00019-00007201-00007645 Here you can see .5 diameter holes were reduced to a diameter
RVJTM8R868u-00020-00007645-00008221 .375.  What happens with these drawings is
RVJTM8R868u-00021-00008221-00008584 there are almost never done the first time the drawing is completed.
RVJTM8R868u-00022-00008584-00009104 Designs change, the use of the part may change, there's a lot of different
RVJTM8R868u-00023-00009104-00009204 reasons that
RVJTM8R868u-00024-00009204-00009529 drawings are revised.  Either way,
RVJTM8R868u-00025-00009529-00009950 revisions happen a lot.  This is actually a very, very small revision block.
RVJTM8R868u-00026-00009950-00010379 Here we see the date.
RVJTM8R868u-00027-00010379-00010777 The date is nothing more than the day the revision was created.
RVJTM8R868u-00028-00010777-00011150 Then approved by, approved by
RVJTM8R868u-00029-00011150-00011475 is very much like the approved by that we looked at in the title block.
RVJTM8R868u-00030-00011475-00012002 When the revisions are made to a drawing someone has to approve the revisions.
RVJTM8R868u-00031-00012002-00012584 Usually an engineer or an architect, somebody with lots of experience and lots of
RVJTM8R868u-00032-00012584-00012948 knowledge.  Okay everybody, that's the revision block.
RXB80mm-mfo-00000-00000010-00000290 >> A.J.: THEIR OPPONENT IN THAT 
RXB80mm-mfo-00001-00000290-00000296 >> A.J.: THEIR OPPONENT IN THAT   
RXB80mm-mfo-00002-00000296-00000447 >> A.J.: THEIR OPPONENT IN THAT  CHAMPIONSHIP GAME STILL TO BE 
RXB80mm-mfo-00003-00000447-00000453 >> A.J.: THEIR OPPONENT IN THAT  CHAMPIONSHIP GAME STILL TO BE   
RXB80mm-mfo-00004-00000453-00000503 >> A.J.: THEIR OPPONENT IN THAT  CHAMPIONSHIP GAME STILL TO BE  DETERMINED.
RXB80mm-mfo-00005-00000503-00000510 CHAMPIONSHIP GAME STILL TO BE  DETERMINED.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00006-00000510-00000930 CHAMPIONSHIP GAME STILL TO BE  DETERMINED. EDINA UP AFTER TWO PERIODS.
RXB80mm-mfo-00007-00000930-00000937 DETERMINED. EDINA UP AFTER TWO PERIODS.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00008-00000937-00001034 DETERMINED. EDINA UP AFTER TWO PERIODS. >>> WARROAD TAKING ON PROCTOR 
RXB80mm-mfo-00009-00001034-00001041 EDINA UP AFTER TWO PERIODS. >>> WARROAD TAKING ON PROCTOR   
RXB80mm-mfo-00010-00001041-00001111 EDINA UP AFTER TWO PERIODS. >>> WARROAD TAKING ON PROCTOR  HERMANTOWN IN THE CLASS-A SEMIS.
RXB80mm-mfo-00011-00001111-00001117 >>> WARROAD TAKING ON PROCTOR  HERMANTOWN IN THE CLASS-A SEMIS.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00012-00001117-00001197 >>> WARROAD TAKING ON PROCTOR  HERMANTOWN IN THE CLASS-A SEMIS. A TOUGH START FOR THE WARRIORS. 
RXB80mm-mfo-00013-00001197-00001204 HERMANTOWN IN THE CLASS-A SEMIS. A TOUGH START FOR THE WARRIORS.   
RXB80mm-mfo-00014-00001204-00001267 HERMANTOWN IN THE CLASS-A SEMIS. A TOUGH START FOR THE WARRIORS.  TIED AT ONE IN THE SECOND. 
RXB80mm-mfo-00015-00001267-00001274 A TOUGH START FOR THE WARRIORS.  TIED AT ONE IN THE SECOND.   
RXB80mm-mfo-00016-00001274-00001357 A TOUGH START FOR THE WARRIORS.  TIED AT ONE IN THE SECOND.  AYLSSA WATKINS SCORES ON THE 
RXB80mm-mfo-00017-00001357-00001364 TIED AT ONE IN THE SECOND.  AYLSSA WATKINS SCORES ON THE   
RXB80mm-mfo-00018-00001364-00001428 TIED AT ONE IN THE SECOND.  AYLSSA WATKINS SCORES ON THE  TWO-ON-ONE TO GIVE THE MIRAGE
RXB80mm-mfo-00019-00001428-00001434 AYLSSA WATKINS SCORES ON THE  TWO-ON-ONE TO GIVE THE MIRAGE  
RXB80mm-mfo-00020-00001434-00001524 AYLSSA WATKINS SCORES ON THE  TWO-ON-ONE TO GIVE THE MIRAGE THE LEAD. 
RXB80mm-mfo-00021-00001524-00001531 TWO-ON-ONE TO GIVE THE MIRAGE THE LEAD.   
RXB80mm-mfo-00022-00001531-00001624 TWO-ON-ONE TO GIVE THE MIRAGE THE LEAD.  BUT THE WARRIORS CAME OUT FLYING
RXB80mm-mfo-00023-00001624-00001631 THE LEAD.  BUT THE WARRIORS CAME OUT FLYING  
RXB80mm-mfo-00024-00001631-00001678 THE LEAD.  BUT THE WARRIORS CAME OUT FLYING IN THE THIRD.
RXB80mm-mfo-00025-00001678-00001685 BUT THE WARRIORS CAME OUT FLYING IN THE THIRD.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00026-00001685-00001785 BUT THE WARRIORS CAME OUT FLYING IN THE THIRD. KARLIE MEEKER WITH THE OUTLET TO
RXB80mm-mfo-00027-00001785-00001791 IN THE THIRD. KARLIE MEEKER WITH THE OUTLET TO  
RXB80mm-mfo-00028-00001791-00001945 IN THE THIRD. KARLIE MEEKER WITH THE OUTLET TO HANNAH CORNELIUSEN, LEADS TO THE
RXB80mm-mfo-00029-00001945-00001951 KARLIE MEEKER WITH THE OUTLET TO HANNAH CORNELIUSEN, LEADS TO THE  
RXB80mm-mfo-00030-00001951-00002105 KARLIE MEEKER WITH THE OUTLET TO HANNAH CORNELIUSEN, LEADS TO THE BREAKAWAY AND A BACKHAND GOAL. 
RXB80mm-mfo-00031-00002105-00002112 HANNAH CORNELIUSEN, LEADS TO THE BREAKAWAY AND A BACKHAND GOAL.   
RXB80mm-mfo-00032-00002112-00002212 HANNAH CORNELIUSEN, LEADS TO THE BREAKAWAY AND A BACKHAND GOAL.  A BEAUTY TO TIE THINGS UP. 
RXB80mm-mfo-00033-00002212-00002218 BREAKAWAY AND A BACKHAND GOAL.  A BEAUTY TO TIE THINGS UP.   
RXB80mm-mfo-00034-00002218-00002429 BREAKAWAY AND A BACKHAND GOAL.  A BEAUTY TO TIE THINGS UP.  LESS THAN TWO MINUTES LATER, THE
RXB80mm-mfo-00035-00002429-00002435 A BEAUTY TO TIE THINGS UP.  LESS THAN TWO MINUTES LATER, THE  
RXB80mm-mfo-00036-00002435-00002502 A BEAUTY TO TIE THINGS UP.  LESS THAN TWO MINUTES LATER, THE CAPTAIN KAITLYN KOTLOWSKI FROM 
RXB80mm-mfo-00037-00002502-00002509 LESS THAN TWO MINUTES LATER, THE CAPTAIN KAITLYN KOTLOWSKI FROM   
RXB80mm-mfo-00038-00002509-00002639 LESS THAN TWO MINUTES LATER, THE CAPTAIN KAITLYN KOTLOWSKI FROM  THE POINT.
RXB80mm-mfo-00039-00002639-00002645 CAPTAIN KAITLYN KOTLOWSKI FROM  THE POINT.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00040-00002645-00002806 CAPTAIN KAITLYN KOTLOWSKI FROM  THE POINT. LOTS OF TRAFFIC IN FRONT. 
RXB80mm-mfo-00041-00002806-00002812 THE POINT. LOTS OF TRAFFIC IN FRONT.   
RXB80mm-mfo-00042-00002812-00003089 THE POINT. LOTS OF TRAFFIC IN FRONT.  THE BLAST FINDS THE NET TO GIVE 
RXB80mm-mfo-00043-00003089-00003096 LOTS OF TRAFFIC IN FRONT.  THE BLAST FINDS THE NET TO GIVE   
RXB80mm-mfo-00044-00003096-00003296 LOTS OF TRAFFIC IN FRONT.  THE BLAST FINDS THE NET TO GIVE  THE WARRIORS THE LEAD.
RXB80mm-mfo-00045-00003296-00003303 THE BLAST FINDS THE NET TO GIVE  THE WARRIORS THE LEAD.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00046-00003303-00003456 THE BLAST FINDS THE NET TO GIVE  THE WARRIORS THE LEAD. THEN WITH SIX MINUTES TO GO, 
RXB80mm-mfo-00047-00003456-00003463 THE WARRIORS THE LEAD. THEN WITH SIX MINUTES TO GO,   
RXB80mm-mfo-00048-00003463-00003556 THE WARRIORS THE LEAD. THEN WITH SIX MINUTES TO GO,  CORNELIUSEN DANGLING THROUGH
RXB80mm-mfo-00049-00003556-00003563 THEN WITH SIX MINUTES TO GO,  CORNELIUSEN DANGLING THROUGH  
RXB80mm-mfo-00050-00003563-00003837 THEN WITH SIX MINUTES TO GO,  CORNELIUSEN DANGLING THROUGH DEFENDERS, KICKS IT BACK TO HER 
RXB80mm-mfo-00051-00003837-00003843 CORNELIUSEN DANGLING THROUGH DEFENDERS, KICKS IT BACK TO HER   
RXB80mm-mfo-00052-00003843-00004244 CORNELIUSEN DANGLING THROUGH DEFENDERS, KICKS IT BACK TO HER  STICK AND THAT'S A GOAL SCORER'S
RXB80mm-mfo-00053-00004244-00004250 DEFENDERS, KICKS IT BACK TO HER  STICK AND THAT'S A GOAL SCORER'S  
RXB80mm-mfo-00054-00004250-00004434 DEFENDERS, KICKS IT BACK TO HER  STICK AND THAT'S A GOAL SCORER'S GOAL-HER 49th OF THE SEASON.
RXB80mm-mfo-00055-00004434-00004441 STICK AND THAT'S A GOAL SCORER'S GOAL-HER 49th OF THE SEASON.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00056-00004441-00004527 STICK AND THAT'S A GOAL SCORER'S GOAL-HER 49th OF THE SEASON. WARROAD IN COMEBACK FASHION 
RXB80mm-mfo-00057-00004527-00004534 GOAL-HER 49th OF THE SEASON. WARROAD IN COMEBACK FASHION   
RXB80mm-mfo-00058-00004534-00004601 GOAL-HER 49th OF THE SEASON. WARROAD IN COMEBACK FASHION  TAKES HOME A 5-2 VICTORY, AND IT
RXB80mm-mfo-00059-00004601-00004607 WARROAD IN COMEBACK FASHION  TAKES HOME A 5-2 VICTORY, AND IT  
RXB80mm-mfo-00060-00004607-00004687 WARROAD IN COMEBACK FASHION  TAKES HOME A 5-2 VICTORY, AND IT WAS CORNELIUSEN'S GOAL TO START 
RXB80mm-mfo-00061-00004687-00004694 TAKES HOME A 5-2 VICTORY, AND IT WAS CORNELIUSEN'S GOAL TO START   
RXB80mm-mfo-00062-00004694-00004751 TAKES HOME A 5-2 VICTORY, AND IT WAS CORNELIUSEN'S GOAL TO START  THE THIRD THAT KICKED THE 
RXB80mm-mfo-00063-00004751-00004758 WAS CORNELIUSEN'S GOAL TO START  THE THIRD THAT KICKED THE   
RXB80mm-mfo-00064-00004758-00005058 WAS CORNELIUSEN'S GOAL TO START  THE THIRD THAT KICKED THE  WARRIORS INTO GEAR.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00065-00005058-00005065 THE THIRD THAT KICKED THE  WARRIORS INTO GEAR.    
RXB80mm-mfo-00066-00005065-00005171 THE THIRD THAT KICKED THE  WARRIORS INTO GEAR.   >> I DEFINITELY BROUGHT HER 
RXB80mm-mfo-00067-00005171-00005178 WARRIORS INTO GEAR.   >> I DEFINITELY BROUGHT HER   
RXB80mm-mfo-00068-00005178-00005475 WARRIORS INTO GEAR.   >> I DEFINITELY BROUGHT HER  MOMENT AND GOT US GOING AND WE 
RXB80mm-mfo-00069-00005475-00005482 >> I DEFINITELY BROUGHT HER  MOMENT AND GOT US GOING AND WE   
RXB80mm-mfo-00070-00005482-00005612 >> I DEFINITELY BROUGHT HER  MOMENT AND GOT US GOING AND WE  JUST KEPT WITH OUR MOMENT 
RXB80mm-mfo-00071-00005612-00005618 MOMENT AND GOT US GOING AND WE  JUST KEPT WITH OUR MOMENT   
RXB80mm-mfo-00072-00005618-00005765 MOMENT AND GOT US GOING AND WE  JUST KEPT WITH OUR MOMENT  THROUGH THE GAME. 
RXB80mm-mfo-00073-00005765-00005772 JUST KEPT WITH OUR MOMENT  THROUGH THE GAME.   
RXB80mm-mfo-00074-00005772-00006079 JUST KEPT WITH OUR MOMENT  THROUGH THE GAME.  >> WE WERE DEAD IN THE WATER AND
RXB80mm-mfo-00075-00006079-00006086 THROUGH THE GAME.  >> WE WERE DEAD IN THE WATER AND  
RXB80mm-mfo-00076-00006086-00006199 THROUGH THE GAME.  >> WE WERE DEAD IN THE WATER AND THESE GUYS TOOK CARE OF 
RXB80mm-mfo-00077-00006199-00006206 >> WE WERE DEAD IN THE WATER AND THESE GUYS TOOK CARE OF   
RXB80mm-mfo-00078-00006206-00006236 >> WE WERE DEAD IN THE WATER AND THESE GUYS TOOK CARE OF  BUSINESS. 
RXB80mm-mfo-00079-00006236-00006242 THESE GUYS TOOK CARE OF  BUSINESS.   
RXB80mm-mfo-00080-00006242-00006346 THESE GUYS TOOK CARE OF  BUSINESS.  >> I THINK IT'S A REALLY GOOD 
RXB80mm-mfo-00081-00006346-00006353 BUSINESS.  >> I THINK IT'S A REALLY GOOD   
RXB80mm-mfo-00082-00006353-00006449 BUSINESS.  >> I THINK IT'S A REALLY GOOD  OPPORTUNITY FOR US BECAUSE WE'VE
RXB80mm-mfo-00083-00006449-00006456 >> I THINK IT'S A REALLY GOOD  OPPORTUNITY FOR US BECAUSE WE'VE  
RXB80mm-mfo-00084-00006456-00007036 >> I THINK IT'S A REALLY GOOD  OPPORTUNITY FOR US BECAUSE WE'VE BEEN WORKING HARS  -- WORKING 
RXB80mm-mfo-00085-00007036-00007043 OPPORTUNITY FOR US BECAUSE WE'VE BEEN WORKING HARS  -- WORKING   
RXB80mm-mfo-00086-00007043-00007183 OPPORTUNITY FOR US BECAUSE WE'VE BEEN WORKING HARS  -- WORKING  TOWARDS IT THIS WHOLE YEAR AND 
RXB80mm-mfo-00087-00007183-00007190 BEEN WORKING HARS  -- WORKING  TOWARDS IT THIS WHOLE YEAR AND   
RXB80mm-mfo-00088-00007190-00007347 BEEN WORKING HARS  -- WORKING  TOWARDS IT THIS WHOLE YEAR AND  LOOKING AT THIS GAME TAUGHT US A
RXB80mm-mfo-00089-00007347-00007354 TOWARDS IT THIS WHOLE YEAR AND  LOOKING AT THIS GAME TAUGHT US A  
RXB80mm-mfo-00090-00007354-00007617 TOWARDS IT THIS WHOLE YEAR AND  LOOKING AT THIS GAME TAUGHT US A LESSON THAT WE HAVE TO GO RIGHT 
RXB80mm-mfo-00091-00007617-00007624 LOOKING AT THIS GAME TAUGHT US A LESSON THAT WE HAVE TO GO RIGHT   
RXB80mm-mfo-00092-00007624-00007647 LOOKING AT THIS GAME TAUGHT US A LESSON THAT WE HAVE TO GO RIGHT  AWAY.
RXB80mm-mfo-00093-00007647-00007654 LESSON THAT WE HAVE TO GO RIGHT  AWAY.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00094-00007654-00007844 LESSON THAT WE HAVE TO GO RIGHT  AWAY. WE CAN'T WAIT TILL THE THIRD 
RXB80mm-mfo-00095-00007844-00007851 AWAY. WE CAN'T WAIT TILL THE THIRD   
RXB80mm-mfo-00096-00007851-00007911 AWAY. WE CAN'T WAIT TILL THE THIRD  PERIOD.
RXB80mm-mfo-00097-00007911-00007917 WE CAN'T WAIT TILL THE THIRD  PERIOD.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00098-00007917-00008171 WE CAN'T WAIT TILL THE THIRD  PERIOD. WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO THE 
RXB80mm-mfo-00099-00008171-00008178 PERIOD. WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO THE   
RXB80mm-mfo-00100-00008178-00008234 PERIOD. WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO THE  NEXT GAME AGAINST BRECK.
RXB80mm-mfo-00101-00008234-00008241 WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO THE  NEXT GAME AGAINST BRECK.  
RXB80mm-mfo-00102-00008241-00008311 WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO THE  NEXT GAME AGAINST BRECK. >> A.J.: FOR THE SECOND STRAIGHT
RXB80mm-mfo-00103-00008311-00008318 NEXT GAME AGAINST BRECK. >> A.J.: FOR THE SECOND STRAIGHT  
RXB80mm-mfo-00104-00008318-00008385 NEXT GAME AGAINST BRECK. >> A.J.: FOR THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR, WARROAD WILL TAKE ON BRECK
RXB80mm-mfo-00105-00008385-00008391 >> A.J.: FOR THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR, WARROAD WILL TAKE ON BRECK  
RXB80mm-mfo-00106-00008391-00008445 >> A.J.: FOR THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR, WARROAD WILL TAKE ON BRECK IN THE STATE CHAMPIONSHIP GAME. 
RXHHY5XgKVc-00000-00000204-00000305 Two Three
RXHHY5XgKVc-00001-00000305-00000487 Five Seven
RXHHY5XgKVc-00002-00000487-00000668 Eleven Thirteen
RXHHY5XgKVc-00003-00000668-00000830 Seventeen Nineteen
Raf0H464g-8-00000-00000664-00001317 In Washington DC, they're trying to lower the voting age to 16 years old. Now
Raf0H464g-8-00001-00001317-00001830 Washington DC is like the leftist hot spot of the country. They wish they were
Raf0H464g-8-00002-00001830-00002331 part of California. I remember when I was up there, we were trying to film a kratom
Raf0H464g-8-00003-00002331-00002763 protest, and we stopped at this booth where they were selling t-shirts. It was
Raf0H464g-8-00004-00002763-00003305 like, "Hillary is my Messiah" t-shirts. It was so over the top and there's this
Raf0H464g-8-00005-00003305-00003795 seller and I said, "It's a joke, right?" And he's like, "No joke! No joke!" and he
Raf0H464g-8-00006-00003795-00004223 could barely speak English. Yeah. That kind of mentality is
Raf0H464g-8-00007-00004223-00004803 everywhere in Washington DC. It's so over the top. 92% of those who voted in Washington
Raf0H464g-8-00008-00004803-00005439 DC voted for Hillary in 2016. 92 percent! It was like four percent voted for Trump.
Raf0H464g-8-00009-00005439-00005871 You don't see that kind of disparity anywhere in the country, because that's where
Raf0H464g-8-00010-00005871-00006551 all the bureaucrats live, but this isn't just a Washington DC thing. I've begin...
Raf0H464g-8-00011-00006551-00007056 I've begun to see talk about lowering the voting age to 16 in various
Raf0H464g-8-00012-00007056-00007670 different leftist states, left-leaning states. They want to get kids to vote
Raf0H464g-8-00013-00007670-00008207 before they really experience real life, before they've learned the lesson that
Raf0H464g-8-00014-00008207-00008829 what your teachers tell you isn't true. You see, at about the age of 15 to 16 most
Raf0H464g-8-00015-00008829-00009282 people had this mindset where they're like, "Everything that my parent tells me is
Raf0H464g-8-00016-00009282-00009942 wrong, but my teachers, they're a source of wisdom and knowledge." It's stupid
Raf0H464g-8-00017-00009942-00010359 but it's the way most people are, and then eventually we all come to some kind
Raf0H464g-8-00018-00010359-00010803 of painful realization that our parents were right about more than we'd like to
Raf0H464g-8-00019-00010803-00011454 admit. It is just part of maturing, of growing up, and moreover that our
Raf0H464g-8-00020-00011454-00011903 teachers were trying to push a certain narrative.. were actually being dishonest.
Raf0H464g-8-00021-00011903-00012507 Right? Okay, but they're trying to get them to vote at that age, that kind of
Raf0H464g-8-00022-00012507-00013103 messed up age where we think we know everything but don't. The voting age used
Raf0H464g-8-00023-00013103-00013701 to be 21. It got lowered to 18 during the  Vietnam War era.
Raf0H464g-8-00024-00013701-00014177 That's because a lot of people thought that it was immoral that we were sending
Raf0H464g-8-00025-00014177-00014619 eighteen and nineteen year olds off against their will, because it was
Raf0H464g-8-00026-00014619-00015206 a draft, in many cases to die, and they had no say in the matter. They
Raf0H464g-8-00027-00015206-00015837 couldn't vote and so for that reason, the voting age was lowered to 18, but before
Raf0H464g-8-00028-00015837-00016376 that it wasn't, because as a society we knew that, you know, these
Raf0H464g-8-00029-00016376-00016950 teenagers didn't really know what life was like, and thus they shouldn't be
Raf0H464g-8-00030-00016950-00017487 making decisions that affect other people's lives. And voting gives
Raf0H464g-8-00031-00017487-00018036 authority to a person, gives authority over other people's lives, and that's
Raf0H464g-8-00032-00018036-00018576 crucial. I think it ought to be accepted... it's not but it ought to be accepted
Raf0H464g-8-00033-00018576-00019181 that we would have a better country if people who were dependent on others
Raf0H464g-8-00034-00019181-00019773 didn't vote. And I mean people who live at home with their parents didn't vote,
Raf0H464g-8-00035-00019773-00020184 and people who rely on government assistance didn't vote. I get it, some
Raf0H464g-8-00036-00020184-00020520 people, you know, run into hard times and they're on government assistance for a short
Raf0H464g-8-00037-00020520-00020997 period of time, but when they get back up on their feet, they can vote again. The
Raf0H464g-8-00038-00020997-00021537 bottom line is that in America, if you are not doing well financially, you're
Raf0H464g-8-00039-00021537-00021837 making some bad decisions. That's all there is to it.
Raf0H464g-8-00040-00021837-00022287 You've done something wrong, and so you're in a bad place, and you need to
Raf0H464g-8-00041-00022287-00022790 learn from your mistakes and not apply those same mistakes to the rest of your
Raf0H464g-8-00042-00022790-00023259 city, county, country, whatever it is. That's why you shouldn't be voting,
Raf0H464g-8-00043-00023259-00023826 because you're going to impose those bad ideas onto other people when you're
Raf0H464g-8-00044-00023826-00024489 dependent on someone. Okay. There used to be, it's been referred to as
Raf0H464g-8-00045-00024489-00024891 oppressive, but we used to have it so that you voted if you had ownership of
Raf0H464g-8-00046-00024891-00025584 land, but the reason for that was good. The reason was that you should have
Raf0H464g-8-00047-00025584-00025907 some measure of success, maybe it wasn't the best measure, but you should have
Raf0H464g-8-00048-00025907-00026439 some measure of success before  you have a right to affect other
Raf0H464g-8-00049-00026439-00026888 people's lives. I heard, I think it was a congresswoman recently,
Raf0H464g-8-00050-00026888-00027310 who didn't understand why people would hold it against her that she was
Raf0H464g-8-00051-00027310-00027932 $200,000 in debt. I don't know why we have this disconnect between people's lives
Raf0H464g-8-00052-00027932-00028268 and the fact that they can affect other people -- their own lives and they're gonna
Raf0H464g-8-00053-00028268-00028758 affect other people's. You see what I'm saying? If you can't maintain your own life,
Raf0H464g-8-00054-00028758-00029439 then should you really be impacting others? I think the answer is clearly no.
Raf0H464g-8-00055-00029439-00029942 But also, when you put kids in a position of authority, it generally ends badly.
Raf0H464g-8-00056-00029942-00030362 There's been this long tradition in military schools, military academies,
Raf0H464g-8-00057-00030362-00031001 where they tend to put kids, certain students, in a hierarchical fashion, you
Raf0H464g-8-00058-00031001-00031495 know, ahead of other students, in charge of them. And you see violence rates that
Raf0H464g-8-00059-00031495-00032198 are higher in many cases than prison life, ridiculously high. Kids aren't good
Raf0H464g-8-00060-00032198-00032564 in positions of authority. They're just not. You have this like, Lord of the Flies
Raf0H464g-8-00061-00032564-00033071 scenario, which is like a horror book, right? I mean this is just something that
Raf0H464g-8-00062-00033071-00033731 we all know, but we're trying to get them to vote or should I say, leftists
Raf0H464g-8-00063-00033731-00034037 are trying to get them to vote. Because, you know, if you tell the
Raf0H464g-8-00064-00034037-00034472 sixteen-year-old, "Well, don't you think that society should pay for your
Raf0H464g-8-00065-00034472-00034891 free college?" Of course they're gonna vote yes, especially since they don't pay
Raf0H464g-8-00066-00034891-00035546 taxes. I mean, seriously. It's an obvious vote and that's why they're pushing it.
Raf0H464g-8-00067-00035546-00036209 It's not because of any other reason, regardless of the excuses, but also these
Raf0H464g-8-00068-00036209-00036626 kids are actively in school. For the international audience, you don't
Raf0H464g-8-00069-00036626-00037112 graduate in the U.S. until you get 18. Alright, they're actively in school and
Raf0H464g-8-00070-00037112-00037730 they're essentially being indoctrinated. The schools are incredibly politicized now.
Raf0H464g-8-00071-00037730-00038189 There have been some cases that have made national news in the last few years,
Raf0H464g-8-00072-00038189-00038555 but think about all the cases that haven't made the national news because
Raf0H464g-8-00073-00038555-00038963 kids don't want to stand out. More than anything, when you're a teenager, you want
Raf0H464g-8-00074-00038963-00039314 to blend in, and not really be noticed that much. You certainly don't want to be
Raf0H464g-8-00075-00039314-00039596 on TV doing an interview about how you were
Raf0H464g-8-00076-00039596-00040043 discriminated against because of, say, the t-shirt that you're wearing. No,
Raf0H464g-8-00077-00040043-00040496 you don't want that, but look at the cases that we do have. You have over at
Raf0H464g-8-00078-00040496-00040928 St. Augustine High School, they were supposed to fill in the blank on a
Raf0H464g-8-00079-00040928-00041498 sentence. Here's the sentence: Right when it appeared the nation was becoming
Raf0H464g-8-00080-00041498-00041999 increasingly tolerant of alternative lifestyles, immigration, and minorities,
Raf0H464g-8-00081-00041999-00042506 the vocal and angry right-wing forced the nation to make a complete
Raf0H464g-8-00082-00042506-00043258 _______, embracing bigotry, xenophobia, and sexism. I mean, really?!
Raf0H464g-8-00083-00043258-00043910 Seriously, it's just so over the top and then, over at Jackson Hole High School in
Raf0H464g-8-00084-00043910-00044495 Wyoming, well they were going over Animal Farm, the George Orwell book. Well, there was a
Raf0H464g-8-00085-00044495-00044840 question in there about who a certain character was shooting. It's a multiple
Raf0H464g-8-00086-00044840-00045439 choice answer. One of the potential answers was, "He was shooting at Trump".
Raf0H464g-8-00087-00045439-00046007 Seriously. What teacher thought that that was going to be okay? Wouldn't you at
Raf0H464g-8-00088-00046007-00046256 least want to pretend that you weren't biased,
Raf0H464g-8-00089-00046256-00046691 if only to save your job, an  enlightened self-interest kind of thing?
Raf0H464g-8-00090-00046691-00047111 Apparently not. Then of course, there's been multiple kids who've been thrown
Raf0H464g-8-00091-00047111-00047591 out of school for wearing pro-Trump t-shirts. There was one, or at least one,
Raf0H464g-8-00092-00047591-00048113 who was thrown off of school grounds. He was just sitting there with a Trump name
Raf0H464g-8-00093-00048113-00048452 on the back of his shirt, and he was thrown out of the sporting event on
Raf0H464g-8-00094-00048452-00048974 school grounds for wearing that. A lot of teachers careers have been destroyed
Raf0H464g-8-00095-00048974-00049607 over that kind of thing, and rightly so. That's great. I have a friend who has a
Raf0H464g-8-00096-00049607-00050258 ten-year-old daughter and she had a spelling test recently. One of the
Raf0H464g-8-00097-00050258-00050840 words in the spelling test was "feminist". I'm pretty sure that they didn't include
Raf0H464g-8-00098-00050840-00051241 an accurate description of what feminism was. I'm sure they said
Raf0H464g-8-00099-00051241-00051539 something about equality for women. I'm sure it wasn't,
Raf0H464g-8-00100-00051539-00051991 "Feminism is an ideology that is anti-male and seeks to destroy the family
Raf0H464g-8-00101-00051991-00052487 unit, and is destructive toward anybody that it gets close to." Yeah, I'm pretty
Raf0H464g-8-00102-00052487-00053048 sure it wasn't something like that. Again, most of these are just
Raf0H464g-8-00103-00053048-00053636 the cases that go national. You have a strong political bias all across the
Raf0H464g-8-00104-00053636-00054139 country in high schools and colleges everywhere. I remember when I was... I think I
Raf0H464g-8-00105-00054139-00054725 was about 14 to 15, and we were asked to write a paper on multiculturalism, and it
Raf0H464g-8-00106-00054725-00055247 was so obvious that what they were seeking was a paper on the virtues
Raf0H464g-8-00107-00055247-00055552 of multiculturalism. They didn't say it, but we all knew it. We
Raf0H464g-8-00108-00055552-00056020 had to talk about it afterwards, the kids who decided to get the grade versus
Raf0H464g-8-00109-00056020-00056383 those who decided to state their real opinions, because that's what
Raf0H464g-8-00110-00056383-00056788 you were choosing between. I remember writing one about how multiculturalism
Raf0H464g-8-00111-00056788-00057122 was an oxymoron because when you put multiple cultures together, you end up
Raf0H464g-8-00112-00057122-00057497 with a monoculture that is not as good as the best of the cultures, and
Raf0H464g-8-00113-00057497-00058244 therefore was a bad thing. Yeah, I was a bad student. Okay, then you've got modern
Raf0H464g-8-00114-00058244-00058729 history books, which are revisionist. They're designed to make kids feel
Raf0H464g-8-00115-00058729-00059261 ashamed of what their ancestors did, and by that, I mean build the best civilization
Raf0H464g-8-00116-00059261-00059779 ever. Really, and also to keep them in the dark.
Raf0H464g-8-00117-00059779-00060358 I remember I left school when I was 16, which is the age of graduation in
Raf0H464g-8-00118-00060358-00061004 England, and at that age, I didn't know who Stalin was or Pol Pot. It wasn't
Raf0H464g-8-00119-00061004-00061538 because I wasn't paying attention. I was in the best classes, and yet I didn't
Raf0H464g-8-00120-00061538-00061898 know because they didn't teach it, because they didn't want us to know. They
Raf0H464g-8-00121-00061898-00062276 didn't want us -- I don't know if it's as bad in America yet, but it will be if
Raf0H464g-8-00122-00062276-00062714 it's not -- they didn't want us to know what the effects were of communist
Raf0H464g-8-00123-00062714-00063214 regimes, or socialist regimes for that matter either. They didn't want us
Raf0H464g-8-00124-00063214-00063742 to know, because when you know about history, you don't repeat it, you don't
Raf0H464g-8-00125-00063742-00064286 repeat the same mistakes, and the truth is that real history vindicates Western
Raf0H464g-8-00126-00064286-00064829 civilization, and it shows us how lucky we are to live in a capitalistic society
Raf0H464g-8-00127-00064829-00065693 that values... that values rights. Right? The system of natural law. It's just, if you
Raf0H464g-8-00128-00065693-00066161 look at history, at all the different civilizations, what you really see is
Raf0H464g-8-00129-00066161-00066593 different oppressive environments, different degrees of oppressive, right?
Raf0H464g-8-00130-00066593-00066984 So, we're so incredibly free, but if you don't teach kids
Raf0H464g-8-00131-00066984-00067434 that, then they think that they're in some kind of awful civilization, and it's
Raf0H464g-8-00132-00067434-00068250 just so bad, and we're not. We're so so not. You know, you should homeschool
Raf0H464g-8-00133-00068250-00068763 if you have kids and if that's an option at all, you should homeschool. I've heard
Raf0H464g-8-00134-00068763-00069303 parents say that they don't feel qualified. They had a public school
Raf0H464g-8-00135-00069303-00069681 education and they don't feel qualified to teach their kids. The question is,
Raf0H464g-8-00136-00069681-00070122 if you don't feel qualified with that education, then why are you sending your
Raf0H464g-8-00137-00070122-00070533 kids off to get the same education that you received, if you really think about
Raf0H464g-8-00138-00070533-00070938 it? But it's so easy to home-school now, you can do it
Raf0H464g-8-00139-00070938-00071202 online and it'll take you like, 99% of the way there.
Raf0H464g-8-00140-00071202-00071997 So seriously, do it, otherwise your kids don't just get imbued with these anti-
Raf0H464g-8-00141-00071997-00072564 values, which they do, but also with things that aren't true, like anti-facts.
Raf0H464g-8-00142-00072564-00073254 It's like there's the famous Ronald Reagan quote that says, "The trouble with
Raf0H464g-8-00143-00073254-00073560 our liberal friends is not that they're ignorant,
Raf0H464g-8-00144-00073560-00074121 it's just that they know so much that isn't so." That's so true because, you know,
Raf0H464g-8-00145-00074121-00074517 they have these facts that just aren't true. It's maddening, because you
Raf0H464g-8-00146-00074517-00074781 can't get through to them, because they think they know something. They'd be
Raf0H464g-8-00147-00074781-00075225 fine if they knew that they had some kind of a blank spot, because
Raf0H464g-8-00148-00075225-00075621 then they'll listen to you, but no, they think they know everything. It's
Raf0H464g-8-00149-00075621-00076242 infuriating, and that's why some companies are now favoring kids who have
Raf0H464g-8-00150-00076242-00076584 not gone to college. You know, there's a part of me that finds that
Raf0H464g-8-00151-00076584-00077039 shocking, but it shouldn't be because I've experienced these educational places, I
Raf0H464g-8-00152-00077039-00077565 understand and I've experienced these people, these socialist entitled brats
Raf0H464g-8-00153-00077565-00078087 that come out of college. But, you know, the whole point of college was to give
Raf0H464g-8-00154-00078087-00078555 the kid knowledge so that he doesn't need to be trained by the company, right?
Raf0H464g-8-00155-00078555-00079143 So that he's more likely to be hired. But instead, the companies are now starting
Raf0H464g-8-00156-00079143-00079602 to lean toward: Maybe it's just easier if we teach them ourselves and spare them
Raf0H464g-8-00157-00079602-00080208 the social justice lecture or lectures. You know, and that's
Raf0H464g-8-00158-00080208-00080715 kind of, it's horrible really, when you think about it, and these kids have no
Raf0H464g-8-00159-00080715-00081003 sense of just right and wrong. In fact, many of them will tell you that there is
Raf0H464g-8-00160-00081003-00081396 no right and wrong. They'll tell you there's just shades of gray, shades of
Raf0H464g-8-00161-00081396-00082011 immorality, or morality is just subjective. No. It's not. There is a right
Raf0H464g-8-00162-00082011-00082598 and there is a wrong. It's... What do you say? The point here is that these
Raf0H464g-8-00163-00082598-00083202 leftist areas, or people, they're trying to attract uninformed voters, like
Raf0H464g-8-00164-00083202-00083577 we were just talking about with the kids, right? Because it's not just 16-year-old
Raf0H464g-8-00165-00083577-00083943 kids who think they know everything but don't. It's also say, illegal immigrants,
Raf0H464g-8-00166-00083943-00084501 who, you know, most of the time don't even learn to speak English. They certainly
Raf0H464g-8-00167-00084501-00084951 couldn't pass, say, an American civics course. Most Millennials can't
Raf0H464g-8-00168-00084951-00085410 either but that's beside the point. And then there's the third group they're
Raf0H464g-8-00169-00085410-00085827 trying to get to vote, which is poor people, like the poorest of American
Raf0H464g-8-00170-00085827-00086355 society, and again, if you are living in America and you are extremely poor,
Raf0H464g-8-00171-00086355-00086715 you're doing something wrong. Seriously, you're making some bad
Raf0H464g-8-00172-00086715-00087249 decisions, and you need to --  I mean, that could be a result of
Raf0H464g-8-00173-00087249-00087666 one generation passing it down to you, the wrong lessons, I don't know in your
Raf0H464g-8-00174-00087666-00088131 particular case, but the reality is, if you are extremely poor in America, you
Raf0H464g-8-00175-00088131-00088380 need to make different decisions. What you don't need to be doing is making
Raf0H464g-8-00176-00088380-00088830 decisions for other people, because you've gone wrong. You made some mistakes
Raf0H464g-8-00177-00088830-00089397 and they need to be fixed. Imposing those on other people is just wrong.
Raf0H464g-8-00178-00089397-00089925 This is basic, right? But the left want these people, these most uninformed
Raf0H464g-8-00179-00089925-00090552 voters, to vote, instead of trying to favor the most educated, or those who
Raf0H464g-8-00180-00090552-00091019 are most successful. That's not who they're trying to get to vote.
Raf0H464g-8-00181-00091019-00091785 Alright. We can't let people vote until they're experienced enough to realize
Raf0H464g-8-00182-00091785-00092061 that they've been lied to by the institutions that were supposed to
Raf0H464g-8-00183-00092061-00092505 teach them, and that is kind of happening, like, for instance, the Millennial
Raf0H464g-8-00184-00092505-00092856 generation, my generation are increasingly, I think, becoming better.
Raf0H464g-8-00185-00092856-00093066 Like the longer they've been out in the workforce,
Raf0H464g-8-00186-00093066-00093427 the longer they've experienced real-life, the better they are.
Raf0H464g-8-00187-00093427-00093790 But this is just the way it is. As long as our educational institutions are
Raf0H464g-8-00188-00093790-00094294 as bad as they are now, there needs to be like some grace period, you know, before
Raf0H464g-8-00189-00094294-00094717 they get to vote, and 16 year olds will never be the best voters, even if you had
Raf0H464g-8-00190-00094717-00095329 the perfect educational system. They're 16, and they think they know everything. Okay, well,
Raf0H464g-8-00191-00095329-00095641 that's all I had to say for now. If you liked this video, and I hope you did
Raf0H464g-8-00192-00095641-00095905 please like it and share it with your friends.
Raf0H464g-8-00193-00095905-00096340 I can't state that enough, that I am completely reliant on you to spread the
Raf0H464g-8-00194-00096340-00096901 word about these videos, so do that, and subscribe on YouTube. There's also a link
Raf0H464g-8-00195-00096901-00097222 in the description that will provide you with different ways to subscribe and get
Raf0H464g-8-00196-00097222-00097726 notified of new videos. I also have another link with ways to support these
Raf0H464g-8-00197-00097726-00098053 videos, what I'm doing right here. Thank you so much to those who already have.
Raf0H464g-8-00198-00098053-00098404 Okay, take care. Check out our official products at our
Raf0H464g-8-00199-00098404-00098770 home site, HealthWyze.org. We have been helping people to live better and
Raf0H464g-8-00200-00098770-00099109 healthier lives for a decade. Our products tend to be more effective than
Raf0H464g-8-00201-00099109-00099535 other products as they work with nature instead of against it. We recommend our
Raf0H464g-8-00202-00099535-00099934 colloidal copper lotion, which is our flagship product, or everyone's favorite,
Raf0H464g-8-00203-00099934-00100479 the dental cleanser. Thank you for listening and for your support.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00000-00000708-00001049 A few months ago I was having a conversation with the guy who invested a lot of money into
RbXvkxV4vY4-00001-00001049-00001191 my business.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00002-00001191-00001652 My question to him was, "Why did you trust me enough to have invested such amount in
RbXvkxV4vY4-00003-00001652-00001757 my business?"
RbXvkxV4vY4-00004-00001757-00002298 Now, let me give you some explanation to this story; he didn't know anything much about
RbXvkxV4vY4-00005-00002298-00002773 me, nor did I have any collateral for the money he invested in my business.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00006-00002773-00003208 He simply trusted who I was, even as a stranger.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00007-00003208-00003650 What marveled me was, I wanted to know the reason why he would take such risk and invest
RbXvkxV4vY4-00008-00003650-00003955 such amount of money in my business two years ago.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00009-00003955-00004412 I'll use this story to show you the reason why you don't get other people to raise capital
RbXvkxV4vY4-00010-00004412-00004886 or support your business and show you what to do if you want to get others to invest
RbXvkxV4vY4-00011-00004886-00004986 in your business.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00012-00004986-00005457 If you’re new here, consider subscribing so that you won’t miss other interesting
RbXvkxV4vY4-00013-00005457-00005628 videos like this.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00014-00005628-00005858 How to get soldiers to the war
RbXvkxV4vY4-00015-00005858-00006397 Imagine yourself to be an Army general with the duty to get your guys to fight and risk
RbXvkxV4vY4-00016-00006397-00006576 their life for you.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00017-00006576-00006847 What is the single most important skill you need to possess?
RbXvkxV4vY4-00018-00006847-00006947 Enthusiasm.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00019-00006947-00007047 Enthusiasm.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00020-00007047-00007378 Enthusiasm is the single most important skill you need to get men and women to risk their
RbXvkxV4vY4-00021-00007378-00007553 lives for your course.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00022-00007553-00008031 You need to make them see how evil and weak the enemies are and also how powerful they
RbXvkxV4vY4-00023-00008031-00008525 are and most importantly, you need to let them see the rewards they get by fighting
RbXvkxV4vY4-00024-00008525-00008655 in your battle.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00025-00008655-00009148 The same thing is what happens when entrepreneurs try to raise capital for their businesses.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00026-00009148-00009688 You must act like a general and be able to show investors that the market is yours.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00027-00009688-00010340 You have to convince them with facts and stories, how better you're than every competitor.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00028-00010340-00010727 You have to be able to show them how much you've prepared and most importantly what
RbXvkxV4vY4-00029-00010727-00010963 they stand to gain if they risk their money on you.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00030-00010963-00011542 If you fail to transfer your enthusiasm to them, you'll fail to get them to risk their
RbXvkxV4vY4-00031-00011542-00011689 money on you.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00032-00011689-00012157 My personal story In the year 2008 when I wanted to go fully
RbXvkxV4vY4-00033-00012157-00012599 into the business world, my elder brother told me that I can’t succeed because our
RbXvkxV4vY4-00034-00012599-00012891 parents are poor and that was the fact.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00035-00012891-00013126 But I didn't want to believe the facts.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00036-00013126-00013587 I wanted to go with my gut and my gut was influenced by the books I've read years before
RbXvkxV4vY4-00037-00013587-00013768 that conversation.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00038-00013768-00014338 So it happened that I've studied to understand that there's something called OPM (Other People's
RbXvkxV4vY4-00039-00014338-00014835 Money) and since I understood that I could use other people's money to start a business,
RbXvkxV4vY4-00040-00014835-00015190 my only concern was to learn how to do just that.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00041-00015190-00015666 I started reading about negotiation, human relationship and a lot of other stuff like
RbXvkxV4vY4-00042-00015666-00015766 that.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00043-00015766-00016154 I started trying the strategies I learned from books and each time I made mistakes,
RbXvkxV4vY4-00044-00016154-00016501 I would adjust my strategy for another encounter.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00045-00016501-00017146 So in the year 2016, I had a business idea and I did not have money to execute it.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00046-00017146-00017619 I then reach out to a guy I met on Facebook and told him about my business.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00047-00017619-00018081 For some of you who know that I don’t use Facebook, this happened before I deleted my
RbXvkxV4vY4-00048-00018081-00018231 Facebook profile.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00049-00018231-00018709 We arranged a meeting and I showed him what my business is all about and how I was destined
RbXvkxV4vY4-00050-00018709-00018931 to win big through it.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00051-00018931-00019465 He decided to invest in my idea and he dropped more money than I initially expected, making
RbXvkxV4vY4-00052-00019465-00019781 him the biggest investor in my business till this day.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00053-00019781-00020338 Now, about two years after, I started thinking about that situation and I decided to ask
RbXvkxV4vY4-00054-00020338-00020770 him for the reason why he trusted me with his money, even though he didn’t know where
RbXvkxV4vY4-00055-00020770-00021137 I live none have any collateral for his money.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00056-00021137-00021620 His answer was this; “My guilt feelings convinced me to do it”
RbXvkxV4vY4-00057-00021620-00022015 Now here is the thing; every human uses their emotions to make decisions.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00058-00022015-00022635 In fact, according to some studies, no human being can decide on anything without involving
RbXvkxV4vY4-00059-00022635-00022735 emotions.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00060-00022735-00023160 One thing you should know about emotion is that it's a feeling which is usually not based
RbXvkxV4vY4-00061-00023160-00023322 on fact or knowledge.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00062-00023322-00023851 Yes, smart investors try to look at facts and figures to make investment decisions but
RbXvkxV4vY4-00063-00023851-00024183 that is just after they have been won emotionally.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00064-00024183-00024625 Now what happened here is that, your enthusiasm is the weapon you can use to get other people
RbXvkxV4vY4-00065-00024625-00024900 to have positive emotions about your business idea.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00066-00024900-00025189 This is where most people get it wrong.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00067-00025189-00025660 Most people are simply not enthusiastic about their idea and it doesn’t matter how loud
RbXvkxV4vY4-00068-00025660-00026202 you speak, people instinctively know if you’re not genuinely enthusiastic about your idea.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00069-00026202-00026641 Now, the very first thing to do if you want to get people to invest in your business idea
RbXvkxV4vY4-00070-00026641-00026855 is to be enthusiastic about it.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00071-00026855-00027074 But this doesn’t come naturally.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00072-00027074-00027180 Let me explain.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00073-00027180-00027758 Faith, Actions, and Uniqueness, in my experience, are the three things that make people enthusiastic
RbXvkxV4vY4-00074-00027758-00027908 about their business idea.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00075-00027908-00028191 Let me try and explain these;
RbXvkxV4vY4-00076-00028191-00028419 The uniqueness of your idea
RbXvkxV4vY4-00077-00028419-00028831 You can’t be planning to start a business that every Joe and Jacob has been running
RbXvkxV4vY4-00078-00028831-00029400 since the year 2000 and expect that anyone in the world wants to invest into such business.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00079-00029400-00029795 The reason why investor won’t invest into your idea of another restaurant or another
RbXvkxV4vY4-00080-00029795-00030362 social media site or just another anything is because investors know that when a product
RbXvkxV4vY4-00081-00030362-00030915 is not obviously unique, it can't get customers attraction and when customer cannot rush to
RbXvkxV4vY4-00082-00030915-00031388 buy what you sell, you probably won't make reasonable money because you won't be able
RbXvkxV4vY4-00083-00031388-00031613 to charge the amount your product deserves.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00084-00031613-00032040 So, the first thing you have to do when trying to get people to invest in your business idea
RbXvkxV4vY4-00085-00032040-00032569 is to make sure that your idea is unique from everything in the market.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00086-00032569-00032669 Your Faith
RbXvkxV4vY4-00087-00032669-00033158 To make anyone believe in you enough to invest in your business, you have to show that you
RbXvkxV4vY4-00088-00033158-00033374 believe in yourself first.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00089-00033374-00033883 Again, this has to do with your enthusiasm and it’s very important.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00090-00033883-00034597 If you don’t believe in your idea 1,000%, nobody will believe in it 50%.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00091-00034597-00034700 Your actions
RbXvkxV4vY4-00092-00034700-00035184 Though the guy who invested heavily in my business didn't know where I lived, with what
RbXvkxV4vY4-00093-00035184-00035516 he knew about me, he knew that I'm an actor.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00094-00035516-00035809 He knew that I stand up and run after whatever I want.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00095-00035809-00036296 More important is the fact that the business he invested in has been in the making about
RbXvkxV4vY4-00096-00036296-00036693 one and a half years before I asked him to invest in it.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00097-00036693-00037116 The problem with most people is that they have a business idea that they think can change
RbXvkxV4vY4-00098-00037116-00037387 the world but they do nothing about it.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00099-00037387-00037768 You have a business idea and you're doing nothing about it, and you want someone to
RbXvkxV4vY4-00100-00037768-00037971 risk his resources on you?
RbXvkxV4vY4-00101-00037971-00038071 Hahahahahaha….
RbXvkxV4vY4-00102-00038071-00038214 You’re a comedian.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00103-00038214-00038672 Not doing anything about your business idea is a piece of evidence that you don't believe
RbXvkxV4vY4-00104-00038672-00038772 in it.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00105-00038772-00039259 If you believe in that business idea, you’ll figure out how to start it in a little way.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00106-00039259-00039621 You'll go the extra mile and make crazy sacrifices for the business.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00107-00039621-00039988 You’ll do hard labor if needs be and suffer some rejections.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00108-00039988-00040505 It’s your story of struggles and actions that will motivate someone to invest in your
RbXvkxV4vY4-00109-00040505-00040630 idea.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00110-00040630-00040912 Then the facts A lot of people who want to convince someone
RbXvkxV4vY4-00111-00040912-00041399 else to invest in their business go to them with facts and figure as if the facts and
RbXvkxV4vY4-00112-00041399-00041549 figures are the most important.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00113-00041549-00041681 Well, it is not.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00114-00041681-00042072 Yes, you have to know everything about the industry you want to compete in.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00115-00042072-00042564 you have to know who your biggest competitor is and what their weakness is.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00116-00042564-00043083 You have to know some numbers like what your cost of production is and what is your profit
RbXvkxV4vY4-00117-00043083-00043199 merging.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00118-00043199-00043578 You have to know how long it will take your investor to break even and what is likely
RbXvkxV4vY4-00119-00043578-00043830 to be the return on his investment.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00120-00043830-00044256 But more important than this is the fact that you have to know how to trigger people’s
RbXvkxV4vY4-00121-00044256-00044538 emotions and make them fall in love with your idea.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00122-00044538-00045066 Again, here is the thing; to get people to invest in your business, you have to win them
RbXvkxV4vY4-00123-00045066-00045416 emotionally then, convince them with facts.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00124-00045416-00045786 You must have a unique idea and you must have faith in that idea.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00125-00045786-00046214 You have to start pursuing that idea and show that you're willing to make great sacrifices
RbXvkxV4vY4-00126-00046214-00046358 for such an idea.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00127-00046358-00046806 Lastly, after you have all these, don’t forget that not everyone will still love your
RbXvkxV4vY4-00128-00046806-00047171 idea, so you’ll be rejected, many times.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00129-00047171-00047502 That you’re rejected doesn’t mean that something is wrong about your idea.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00130-00047502-00048075 If you believe in yourself and the idea, you’ll not give up until you meet someone who believes
RbXvkxV4vY4-00131-00048075-00048318 in it as much as you do.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00132-00048318-00048550 Thank you so much for watching our videos.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00133-00048550-00048821 Do you love to start your day with high energy?
RbXvkxV4vY4-00134-00048821-00049284 Then, we invite you to join our new channel which was designed to give you daily inspirational
RbXvkxV4vY4-00135-00049284-00049587 videos that will help you to become a high achiever.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00136-00049587-00049863 We call it, “Inspiration Tube”.
RbXvkxV4vY4-00137-00049863-00050192 Look at the description box to join the Inspiration Tube
RbXvkxV4vY4-00138-00050192-00050262 We Love You
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Rda4Z-e3x7I-00012-00010351-00010551 again Hong Kong's try
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Rf8qIJDdCPU-00000-00000003-00000364 Youth engagement, social trust and why it matters to democracy.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00001-00000364-00000669 I'm going to start with this
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00002-00000669-00001105 cover of Time magazine, which actually was the cover
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00003-00001105-00001616 after the Enron debacle, which you may recall back in 2002.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00004-00001616-00002017 And I use it because for me, it frames the whole question
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00005-00002017-00002335 of where are we going as a society, and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00006-00002335-00002733 what should we be thinking about in terms of the future of our youth? So what it
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00007-00002733-00002809 says
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00008-00002809-00003183 is, "So many choices and no one
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00009-00003183-00003638 to trust. In today's world, you're on your own baby."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00010-00003638-00004015 Now this was before
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00011-00004015-00004330 the more recent--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00012-00004330-00004770 as we all know, we're sharing in the collective sacrifice
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00013-00004770-00005073 of the financial sector--but
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00014-00005073-00005439 for me it illustrates that we need to be rethinking
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00015-00005439-00005957 the whole social integuments of where we're going as a society.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00016-00005957-00006268 Much of the social contract that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00017-00006268-00006748 was true from the New Deal has broken down. Mostly what's left
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00018-00006748-00007147 is Social Security and programs for the elderly.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00019-00007147-00007640 And we have very little in terms of things like the GI Bill
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00020-00007640-00007990 or Pell Grants--ways to educate
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00021-00007990-00008375 and incorporate the younger generation. So we really
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00022-00008375-00008806 essentially many of the programs that those of us in the baby boom generation
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00023-00008806-00009129 were used to--that is that when you got a job,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00024-00009129-00009467 there were retirement benefits associated with it, when you got a job,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00025-00009467-00009678 there was healthcare associated with it--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00026-00009678-00009984 have been privatized and individualized.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00027-00009984-00010347 So in fact Time magazine is right. Increasingly,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00028-00010347-00010768 even for people who get jobs, they are on their own baby.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00029-00010768-00011143 And that doesn't make for a very trusting
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00030-00011143-00011582 or democratic society, okay? Actually I'll just say as an aside
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00031-00011582-00011992 Paul Krugman wrote, in the in the few days after we all learned about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00032-00011992-00012354 what was happening on wall street, that you know, when a
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00033-00012354-00012679 mortgage fails in the United States, and then
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00034-00012679-00013059 Iceland goes under as a country, it suggests to us
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00035-00013059-00013262 we're all in this together,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00036-00013262-00013629 and we ought to start thinking about what that means and what
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00037-00013629-00014033 both a collective opportunity in collective sacrifice should mean.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00038-00014379-00014965 So this little comic captures the notion of social trust. So he says
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00039-00014965-00015350 the son is saying, "As I grow up, should I trust people,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00040-00015350-00015823 or are people out to get whatever they want no matter who they hurt?"
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00041-00015823-00016340 And the father isn't too eager to take that question because he's confused himself.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00042-00016340-00016741 These are the ways in which for the last really forty years
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00043-00016741-00017156 national surveys have measured the concept of social trust.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00044-00017156-00017498 So just think to yourself, it's a question about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00045-00017498-00017800 how you feel about humanity or people in general.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00046-00017800-00018251 Would you say that most people can be trusted, or you can't be too careful?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00047-00018251-00018612 In dealing with people would you say most of the time
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00048-00018612-00019089 people try to be helpful, or they're mostly just looking out for themselves?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00049-00019089-00019442 And do you think that most people would try to take advantage of you
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00050-00019442-00019773 if they got a chance, or would they try to be fair?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00051-00019773-00020135 So it's this generalized view about whether
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00052-00020135-00020479 others on are basically people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00053-00020479-00020900 like ourselves, trustworthy, fair, ready to pitch in, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00054-00020900-00021432 Now the reason people care about this
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00055-00021432-00021909 is that in national surveys if you look from '76, and I don't have the very
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00056-00021909-00022256 most recent years because they're actually not all
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00057-00022256-00022576 up there in data yet,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00058-00022576-00023137 that in general, the population has been declining in terms of their
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00059-00023137-00023219 beliefs
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00060-00023219-00023545 about humanity, okay? Actually when this was first
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00061-00023545-00023906 asked, it was around fifty percent of the people felt that people could be trusted.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00062-00023906-00024300 It's now down you know to 20 percent.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00063-00024300-00024879 The big concern is not only is this a social good, that in democracy you want
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00064-00024879-00025248 a fairly high level of trust in the population.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00065-00025248-00025652 The issue is that its younger generations moreso than older
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00066-00025652-00025753 generations
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00067-00025753-00026227 who don't believe people can be trusted. So something has been happening
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00068-00026227-00026595 in the course a younger generations growing up, what sociologists and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00069-00026595-00026730 political scientists call
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00070-00026730-00027114 generational replacement. So as the World War II
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00071-00027114-00027436 generation essentially retires and then dies
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00072-00027436-00027739 off, its Gen-X and the Millennials
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00073-00027739-00028162 who or replacing them as part of the body politic.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00074-00028162-00028507 So the question is what's going on? Okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00075-00028507-00028873 Now I was saying to Ann and Dale,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00076-00028873-00029337 it's amazing here in Minnesota how many people actually are doing work that's
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00077-00029337-00029641 highly relevant to this question of  engagement and trust.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00078-00029641-00029963 And John Sullivan actually is--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00079-00029963-00030277 I think in Political Science here? Somebody can
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00080-00030277-00030713 correct me any time. But they wrote a  fantastic article when John Transue was
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00081-00030713-00030972 his graduate student called The Psychological
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00082-00030972-00031460 Underpinnings of Democracy. Essentially they were making an argument that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00083-00031460-00031757 you can have laws and you can have institutions and you can have
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00084-00031757-00031862 constitutions,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00085-00031862-00032255 but you need certain kinds of dispositions in people for democracy--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00086-00032255-00032681 really rule  of the people to work, okay? And they nominated
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00087-00032681-00033210 two that they said were the really key, key things that we needed
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00088-00033210-00033625 in the population if we were really going to have a working democracy.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00089-00033625-00034027 The first was political tolerance and by that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00090-00034027-00034390 they made clear that was not apathy.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00091-00034390-00034725 That was not, "you can do anything you wanted to you and I don't care."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00092-00034725-00035320 It was really that I support your right to differ with me, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00093-00035350-00035631 That your opinions that matter, even
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00094-00035631-00035944 if I fundamentally disagree with you. So--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00095-00035944-00036276 and the reason this is relevant to social trust is that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00096-00036276-00036637 people who are politically tolerant are open-minded,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00097-00036637-00036951 defend the rights of minorities to free speech,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00098-00036951-00037275 and are highly trusting of others.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00099-00037275-00037708 Okay, that sort of set of dispositional characteristics goes together.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00100-00037708-00038254 The second they said that was imperative to have as a disposition in the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00101-00038254-00038355 population
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00102-00038355-00038656 was political participation and engagement.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00103-00038656-00039146 I mean you don't have a rule by the people unless you have the people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00104-00039146-00039349 engaging. So
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00105-00039349-00039903 the sort of notion that there's an ethic, there's a desire to participate in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00106-00039903-00040222 community affairs, to join organizations, to vote
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00107-00040222-00040541 is essential sort of disposition in the population.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00108-00040541-00040882 Again that's highly correlated
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00109-00040882-00041358 with trust. So people who believe the best in humanity, that they're fair, that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00110-00041358-00041466 they're trustworthy,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00111-00041466-00041854 are highly likely to join organizations. to vote,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00112-00041854-00042263 to participate in public affairs, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00113-00042263-00042652 Now I put at the end there just something I hope we can take up to later,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00114-00042652-00042697 is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00115-00042697-00043028 that in the trust literature, there's a distinction between
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00116-00043028-00043357 trusting others and being gullible, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00117-00043357-00043822 So there--it would be naive of us to totally trust Wall Street,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00118-00043822-00044215 or in fact the government, okay? Holding others accountable
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00119-00044215-00044516 does not mean you're mistrusting, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00120-00044516-00044905 But so there so there--we want to have a distinction between the two.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00121-00044905-00045238 But the other point I want to pick up, and I'll pick this up at the end
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00122-00045238-00045713 is that the notion of participation and trusting humanity
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00123-00045713-00046015 is highly related to the sense of public hope.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00124-00046015-00046372 And by the end I want to distinguish that from private hope, so
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00125-00046372-00046633 you can have a sense that your life is going well
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00126-00046633-00047018 but the world is going to pot, okay? Public hope
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00127-00047018-00047391 has this sense that we can change something together
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00128-00047391-00047760 and there's an aspirational aspect about the future, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00129-00047760-00048322 So trust--social trust is necessary to have that sense of collective or
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00130-00048322-00048434 public hope--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00131-00048434-00048815 that we can make things better, a sort of collective optimism.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00132-00048815-00049294 Now, just to get into some of the developmental work, what I want argue in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00133-00049294-00049344 this
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00134-00049344-00049669 presentation is two things, and these are the kinds of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00135-00049669-00050034 issues we've been exploring in in several other studies
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00136-00050034-00050444 that there--that social trust--most of the studies, I should back up--most of the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00137-00050444-00050530 studies have been
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00138-00050530-00050997 on social trust have been by sociologists, political scientists, even economists,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00139-00050997-00051551 and its almost all on adults. But if you think about beliefs about humanity,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00140-00051551-00051851 I mean, just think about working with children, wouldn't you think there's
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00141-00051851-00052094 something that happens before you're 18
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00142-00052094-00052426 that has to do with what you believe about others, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00143-00052426-00052799 So there's been a real dearth of research on what's going on in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00144-00052799-00052879 development
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00145-00052879-00053191 that might be related to it? So for this group the whole
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00146-00053191-00053527 theme of engagement, the theme of after-school programming and community-based
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00147-00053527-00053698 organizations and schools,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00148-00053698-00054100 its--for me the institutions of civil society are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00149-00054100-00054402 the context in which social trust
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00150-00054402-00054914 is or is not being developed. So what I want to argue in this presentation is that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00151-00054914-00054962 there's
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00152-00054962-00055382 a relationship to two major things that's going on
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00153-00055382-00055750 in youth development, in the course of development, and that is some
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00154-00055750-00055979 basic sense of values, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00155-00055979-00056388 So again if you go back to what holds us together as Americans
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00156-00056388-00056767 there's an ardent commitment to self-determination and freedom
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00157-00056767-00057224 that we pride ourselves in. There's also a notion of equal opportunity
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00158-00057224-00057817 and the rights of people to disagree. So what we've looked at in our studies are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00159-00057817-00058312 a value cluster, which we call civic equality--so the extent to which
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00160-00058312-00058722 you will say, "It's important to me that I defend the rights
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00161-00058722-00059130 of others. What it means to me to be an American
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00162-00059130-00059645 is that democracy is for everybody, not just the freedom of me, myself,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00163-00059645-00060087 but of everybody to participate." So those sorts of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00164-00060087-00060567 values are highly related, we believe, to the development of social trust.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00165-00060567-00060908 The second, and we have a whole series of studies on the notion of social
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00166-00060908-00061036 responsibility.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00167-00061036-00061466 So again we mostly study in developmental psychology:
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00168-00061466-00061820 are we raising individuals to be responsible for themselves?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00169-00061820-00062192 Do you pick up your clothes? Do you make your bed? You know, do you put away your
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00170-00062192-00062351 things? Do you do your homework?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00171-00062351-00062732 But in fact, if we're gonna be a society that works together
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00172-00062732-00063050 we have a responsibility to one another, okay? And
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00173-00063050-00063389 what I want to pick up on in this presentation is that when we think about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00174-00063389-00063484 health
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00175-00063485-00063851 and we think about a whole lot of things-- peer relationships--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00176-00063851-00064270 kids do not just take responsibility for themselves. They take responsibility for
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00177-00064270-00064349 one another,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00178-00064349-00064754 and we need to think about that as a resource for democracy.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00179-00064754-00065158 The second developmental foundation I want to argue
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00180-00065158-00065527 of social trust is that in community-based
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00181-00065527-00065747 institutions and organizations we
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00182-00065747-00066244 enable young people to develop a sense of themselves as part of the public.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00183-00066244-00066734 So we use this term, "the public." What it means is, "We the people," the first
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00184-00066734-00067309 the first words in our Constitution, okay? That's not something you can't teach as
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00185-00067309-00067740 content, that's something you have to develop as an emotional connection.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00186-00067740-00068247 What does that mean to be part of we the people? And what I want to. argue is that in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00187-00068247-00068355 public schools
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00188-00068355-00068699 and in community-based organizations and again,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00189-00068699-00069120 somebody from your university,Terry Boyd has used the term "public work."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00190-00069120-00069414 When we're doing things together,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00191-00069414-00069775 okay? When we are operating
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00192-00069775-00070280 in collective in solving our problems, when we are part of the student body at
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00193-00070280-00070346 school,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00194-00070346-00070832 we are developing a sense of what it means to be part of the public.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00195-00070832-00071314 And that affective or emotional connection is what then motivates us for
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00196-00071314-00071494 the rest of our lives to pitch in.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00197-00071494-00071833 We have a notion of what it means to be part of the common good.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00198-00071833-00072317 Okay? Okay, so I'm just gonna go
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00199-00072317-00072692 sort of a little briefly through these various studies, and almost--I'm not going to tell
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00200-00072692-00072911 you a lot about who's in them. Basically
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00201-00072911-00073247 these are a number of different studies we've done over the years.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00202-00073247-00073612 Almost always they're with a range
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00203-00073612-00073982 of ages. Sometimes they're longitudinal, sometimes they're cross-sectional,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00204-00073982-00074372 but the respondents in these studies are usually
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00205-00074372-00074803 children starting at age 11 and going up through age 18, so it spans
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00206-00074803-00075190 the adolescent years, okay?And
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00207-00075190-00075635 So what we asked in this study was open-endedly, "Can you just tell us in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00208-00075635-00075864 your own words what democracy means to you?"
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00209-00075864-00076315 And then we coded their answers, so they say in their own words what it
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00210-00076315-00076577 means; we coded their answers into notions of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00211-00076577-00076936 individual freedom and rights, majority rule, which
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00212-00076936-00077265 which typically is more like the textbook explanation,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00213-00077265-00077587 okay? It's a type of government where
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00214-00077587-00077912 you elect officials to represent you.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00215-00077912-00078293 But the thing I want to pay--you to pay attention to is the stuff in orange, so
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00216-00078293-00078736 what I'm gonna argue is that kids who think about democracy
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00217-00078736-00078992 in an individual rights freedom way,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00218-00078992-00079300 versus those who think about--this is the kind of tip-of-the-tongue
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00219-00079300-00079750 statement, okay? Think about democracy in terms of civic equality. So they say
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00220-00079750-00080004 things like, "to be a democracy a society must
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00221-00080004-00080311 let all of its citizens have equal
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00222-00080311-00080667 rights, okay?" So what occurs to the children is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00223-00080667-00080997 is civic equality values.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00224-00080997-00081308 Or, what occurs to the children is individual rights or freedoms.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00225-00081308-00081760 None of these are incorrect answers, so that's not the point. The point is sort of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00226-00081760-00082187 what's the most salient thing in your mind when somebody asks you, "Who are we
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00227-00082187-00082436 as a society? What is it--what is our democracy?"
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00228-00082436-00082819 And then we ask a series of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00229-00082819-00083156 scales about their values, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00230-00083156-00083505 Both their family values and their personal values, and I'm just giving you
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00231-00083505-00083839 a short description, a representative item.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00232-00083839-00084227 When you think about your life and your future, how important is it to you
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00233-00084227-00084610 to: _Make a lot of money?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00234-00084610-00085019 _Help people in need? (And these are just items that represent a whole scale, okay?)
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00235-00085019-00085405 So it's a materialist scale or an altruist scale.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00236-00085405-00085782 And then: When you think about what your parents tell you,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00237-00085782-00086157 how important are--or: _My parents have warned me that people sometimes
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00238-00086157-00086354 take advantage of you. (So that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00239-00086354-00086670 resonates with the notion of mistrust.)
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00240-00086670-00087135 Or: _In our family we try to recycle, we care about the environment. So again,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00241-00087135-00087380 thinking of public goods, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00242-00087380-00087711 And all I'm going to show you here
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00243-00087711-00088141 on the x-axis at the bottom are the scales
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00244-00088141-00088535 from one to five, so to the extent that you're high on this scale, you have
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00245-00088535-00088708 endorsed the thing at the bottom.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00246-00088708-00089144 So on mistrust the red line are the people who most
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00247-00089144-00089474 endorsed mistrust of others, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00248-00089474-00089988 Again, all the way across, the highest line are those who endorse
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00249-00089988-00090149 materialist values,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00250-00090149-00090487 altruist values, and environmental attitude values.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00251-00090487-00090842 The main contrast I'm trying to a
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00252-00090842-00091277 emphasize here is the way kids think about democracy,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00253-00091277-00091670 and just look at the individual freedom versus the Equality--the red versus the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00254-00091670-00091812 yellow--and go across.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00255-00091812-00092202 To the extent that you say democracy reflects
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00256-00092202-00092309 individual freedoms,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00257-00092309-00092854 people's rights to do what they want, you are more likely to say you mistrust
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00258-00092854-00093280 others, okay? You are more likely--compared just to the Civic equality--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00259-00093280-00093586 those are the only two contrasts I'm making here, okay?--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00260-00093586-00093938 You are more likely to hold materialistic values for yourself.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00261-00093938-00094374 You are less likely to hold altruist values--I  want to contribute to the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00262-00094374-00094459 common good.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00263-00094459-00094867 You are less likely to say your family emphasizes environmental values,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00264-00094867-00095259 okay? These are not huge differences they're all statistically significant
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00265-00095259-00095279 and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00266-00095279-00095596 really what I want to emphasize is across a set of studies,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00267-00095596-00095923 that the way we are raising children in terms of their
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00268-00095923-00096347 own values has a lot to do with the kind of society
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00269-00096347-00096684 we are collectively creating, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00270-00096684-00096984 Okay. Now here's another one--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00271-00096984-00097358 this is a different said of kids--again, there's always several
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00272-00097358-00097432 hundred
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00273-00097432-00097829 young people involved in these studies. But: in your own words can you tell us what
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00274-00097829-00098009 it means to you to be an American?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00275-00098009-00098398 And then we code these open-ended responses. It means:
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00276-00098398-00098700 I'm free to be an individual, to make my own decisions,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00277-00098700-00099019 to have power and success. Or
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00278-00099019-00099439 it means: To be part of a diverse society and respect others,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00279-00099439-00099962 to protect minorities' rights, to have constitutional guarantees like
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00280-00099962-00100426 freedom of speech, et cetera. Now I will say, because I know it will come up in the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00281-00100426-00100483 question,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00282-00100483-00100865 these are not mutually exclusive and often kids give multiple things, but I'm
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00283-00100901-00101201 I'm really trying to sort of just simplify to make an argument and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00284-00101201-00101500 so we do also code for multiple.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00285-00101500-00101780 Then we have a set of scales about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00286-00101780-00102053 immigrant--your attitudes towards immigrants. And again these are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00287-00102053-00102223 representative items on
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00288-00102223-00102693 strongly disagree to strongly agree scales. So: If immigrants want to be
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00289-00102693-00102916 part of America, they should act more like Americans.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00290-00102916-00103373 Whatever that is. Immigrants tend to bring crime
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00291-00103373-00103704 into the United States, therefore they pose a threat to us.Or:
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00292-00103704-00104022 immigrants enrich the culture of the United States. And these do--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00293-00104022-00104419 multiple items do form into these factors,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00294-00104419-00104786 okay? So kids endorse these items and then
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00295-00104786-00105168 um they've that they form scales for us. And again,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00296-00105168-00105438 what you're seeing in terms of the pink and the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00297-00105438-00105880 dark red are the kids who talked about being an American in terms of individual
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00298-00105880-00105994 achievement,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00299-00105994-00106322 and the kids who talk about what it means for them to be an American
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00300-00106322-00106771 in terms of civic equality. And what you can see across these three in terms of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00301-00106771-00106942 their attitudes towards others
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00302-00106942-00107434 immigrants is that those who emphasize civic quality are less likely than
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00303-00107434-00107766 those who emphasize individual achievement to say that immigrants
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00304-00107766-00108163 should become more American, that they threaten american culture.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00305-00108163-00108490 And the equality group is more likely to say
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00306-00108490-00108938 that they enrich American culture. So again, in terms of where we're going as a
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00307-00108938-00109147 society, who we are as Americans,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00308-00109147-00109488 we're arguing it's highly related to the values with which
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00309-00109488-00109851 we're raising our children. Okay.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00310-00109851-00110235 Now I just wanna move over to a discussion of this collective
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00311-00110235-00110743 identity, "We the people." So Snoopy is trying to get into the theater and they
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00312-00110743-00111077 apparently don't let dogs in.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00313-00111077-00111509 So each of the kids is saying to the authority in charge,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00314-00111509-00111977 "Let him in. He's our friend." Okay. Show a little compassion.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00315-00111977-00112522 So for me it really captures this notion of solidarity, okay? So what if he's a dog,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00316-00112522-00112892 he's our friend. Let him into the theater.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00317-00112892-00113278 So what I want to move over is a discussion of the notion of social
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00318-00113278-00113471 responsibility in collective
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00319-00113471-00113875 identity. And this actually comes
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00320-00113875-00114213 from national anti-drug campaign
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00321-00114213-00114572 and i cant read these exactly, but what they're saying, what's going
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00322-00114572-00114829 on in the kids' mind is: "My friend
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00323-00114829-00115146 seems to be doing something that I perceive is dangerous;
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00324-00115146-00115451 it'd be kind of embarrassing for me to speak up."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00325-00115451-00115774 But then, "It's not about me it's about our friendship;
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00326-00115774-00116285 it's about his well-being or her well-being, so I need to take some action."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00327-00116285-00116832 And we've used this because we have a basic longitudinal study, that we're
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00328-00116832-00117008 finished with now, looking at
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00329-00117008-00117319 under what circumstances
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00330-00117319-00117696 will young people intervene in the actions of their friends
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00331-00117696-00118097 When is friendship--when are  kids allies in prevention? is what we call
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00332-00118097-00118142 them.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00333-00118142-00118616 Because so much of our prevention work thinks about health as if
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00334-00118616-00118782 it's done by individuals
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00335-00118782-00119243 in their own best interest. And so much of what we tell young people is if your
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00336-00119243-00119392 friends are getting into trouble,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00337-00119392-00119749 get away from your friends. Now, I know
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00338-00119749-00120117 very few young people who are willing to get away from their friends,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00339-00120117-00120445 okay? They really would rather help their friends, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00340-00120445-00120808 We think about peer pressure as a completely
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00341-00120808-00121119 negative construct, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00342-00121119-00121483 What peers do is pressure one another into bad stuff. And as Sheila was saying
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00343-00121483-00121655 yesterday at the Department of Ed,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00344-00121655-00121985 there's a huge literature and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00345-00121985-00122441 a lot evidence that young people pressure one another into things that are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00346-00122441-00122539 pro-social.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00347-00122539-00123029 And we just don't pay enough attention to it. So what we haven't taken advantage of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00348-00123029-00123373 is the ways in which young people might look out for one another
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00349-00123373-00123822 in risky situations. We, in fact know very little about when
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00350-00123822-00124173 and if and when they do. Okay,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00351-00124173-00124554 so here I wanna just pointing out that the theme connection,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00352-00124554-00125123 of incorporation of engagement, is highly related to individual
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00353-00125123-00125494 health. So the Ad Health studies, and again, these are people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00354-00125494-00125859 here at the University Minnesota who analyze some of these data--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00355-00125859-00126164 Ad Health is a national study,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00356-00126164-00126503 a longitudinal study of adolescent health.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00357-00126503-00126938 And I think one of the key findings out of that is when young people feel
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00358-00126938-00127044 connected
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00359-00127044-00127370 to community-based institutions like schools,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00360-00127370-00127753 like after school programs, like they have adults they could go to talk in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00361-00127753-00127844 their community,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00362-00127844-00128236 it is a huge protector against a whole range
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00363-00128236-00128629 of health risk behaviors, okay? So the argument is that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00364-00128629-00129145 connectedness, engagement is highly related
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00365-00129145-00129474 to your ability to protect yourself, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00366-00129474-00129808 It is also the case
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00367-00129808-00130327 that connectedness to institutions is highly related to building the stock of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00368-00130327-00130659 social trust among young people and and generally.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00369-00130659-00131064 One of the strongest correlations in the our literature on adults
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00370-00131064-00131365 is that being in organizations
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00371-00131365-00131821 is rather than being isolated is highly related to higher scores on social trust,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00372-00131821-00132089 okay? People call it a virtuous circle between
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00373-00132089-00132514 engagement and trust that trusting people join organizations, and being in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00374-00132514-00132558 them
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00375-00132558-00132898 may boost their trust, although there is some difference of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00376-00132898-00132976 opinion on that.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00377-00132976-00133312 What we have been arguing in our studies about young people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00378-00133312-00133670 and we've actually found this in some longitudinal work,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00379-00133670-00134193 that when when kids say, "Kids in our school feel like they're really part of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00380-00134193-00134292 the institution,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00381-00134292-00134729 they feel like they matter, they feel like the adults here pay attention to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00382-00134729-00134955 them, and we have a sense of pride in being part
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00383-00134955-00135359 of this place, this school," it boosts their levels
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00384-00135359-00135876 social trust over time. So last year, what you felt about humanity and whether they
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00385-00135876-00135980 were trustworthy,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00386-00135980-00136305 okay, controlling for that you have an increase
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00387-00136305-00136625 in whether you feel humanity is trustworthy if
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00388-00136625-00137092 you say, "Teachers at our school insist on civility;
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00389-00137092-00137461 they won't let us bully or disrespect one another.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00390-00137461-00137890 And kids at this school feel a sense of pride in being part of the institution."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00391-00137890-00137970 That actually
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00392-00137970-00138352 increases the likelihood that you think humanity is trustworthy.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00393-00138352-00138733 So if we care about building the stock of social trust,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00394-00138733-00139165 we should pay attention to what's going on in institutions like schools and this
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00395-00139165-00139474 would generalize I think to community-based organizations generally,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00396-00139474-00139829 do kids feel that they matter? That they that that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00397-00139829-00140164 adults pay attention to what they have to say? And
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00398-00140164-00140607 that there are standards of civility that adults insist on?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00399-00140607-00141063 It's not okay than anything goes; that's not what makes for a civil society.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00400-00141063-00141532 Okay? There are certain principles of tolerance that bind us to one another.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00401-00141532-00141894 We don't have to agree, we have to respect one another's rights
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00402-00141894-00142526 to disagree, okay? Okay. Now just to say something about friendship, because I
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00403-00142526-00142863 want to move into why friendships aren't enough, but I think
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00404-00142863-00143179 friendships are a core basis of learning
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00405-00143179-00143544 about trust. What do you what what do you do in friendships?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00406-00143544-00143919 You keep promises to one another. You say, "I got your back,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00407-00143919-00144498 I'm there for you," okay? At the same time sometimes our friends
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00408-00144498-00144896 disappoint us, and that's an essential part of trust.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00409-00144896-00145361 We don't need trust, if people are always predictable.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00410-00145361-00145783 It's the fact that each of us is free to decide for ourselves that makes trust
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00411-00145783-00145866 necessary.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00412-00145866-00146238 Okay? So sometimes our friends disappoint us, and they
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00413-00146238-00146649 aren't so loyal. If you think about teenagers, sometimes they talk behind
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00414-00146649-00146734 your back.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00415-00146734-00147061 Okay? And that's disloyal, and and that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00416-00147061-00147402 is very upsetting, because you're the one
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00417-00147402-00147863 who trusted them, and you're vulnerable in the process. But basically what you learn
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00418-00147863-00147936 in those
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00419-00147936-00148317 unhappy situations is that trust means
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00420-00148317-00148627 that other person is free to decide, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00421-00148627-00148973 And I think that's an essential thing to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00422-00148973-00149528 help kids unpack, okay? And that sometimes we get hurt even by people we care the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00423-00149528-00149602 most about.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00424-00149602-00150109 It also I think, friendships teach us a lot about interdependence
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00425-00150109-00150485 okay? And that we are responsible for one another. So
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00426-00150485-00150910 we can't make it in this world alone. It's--that's the reality.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00427-00150910-00151372 We need friends we need people who care about us and that's--it's not enough to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00428-00151372-00151539 have parents who care about us.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00429-00151539-00151845 You really need peers who help you sort out
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00430-00151845-00152463 what to do in life. And the and the mutuality of interdependence that is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00431-00152463-00152600 true in friendships
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00432-00152600-00152980 really teaches a lot about interpersonal trust. And I think there are aspects of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00433-00152980-00153102 trust that are really--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00434-00153102-00153571 whether it's social or interpersonal-- true to the phenomenon of trust.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00435-00153571-00153903 The last thing is that you learn that you
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00436-00153903-00154498 have to be a trustworthy friend, okay? You have the freedom to disappoint your
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00437-00154498-00154580 friends, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00438-00154580-00154905 But in doing so you have
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00439-00154905-00155308 abrogated a relationship, okay? If you haven't lived
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00440-00155308-00155717 up to the expectations that others have had of you; if you haven't been true to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00441-00155717-00155828 your word, or loyal;
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00442-00155828-00156240 you've abrogated a relationship of trust, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00443-00156240-00156535 So but what I want to emphasize is that the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00444-00156535-00156924 interpersonal trust and social trust are not one and the same, and why we need
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00445-00156924-00157121 different kinds of experiences
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00446-00157121-00157626 in kids lives. Because friendships, what draws us to one another tends to be
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00447-00157626-00157712 similarity.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00448-00157712-00158098 We'ere comfortable with people who are like us and they are our friends. When
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00449-00158098-00158169 you ask kids
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00450-00158169-00158577 why--young kids--why they're friends: we do the same stuff together, we like the same
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00451-00158577-00158651 stuff.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00452-00158651-00158772 Okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00453-00158772-00159079 But social trust really means we
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00454-00159079-00159430 need to think about a wider circle of other people.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00455-00159430-00159737 Friends, friends are great. For learning about it
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00456-00159737-00160136 friendship isn't enough. And in the adult literature on social trust
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00457-00160136-00160561 where the big debate is about being in  organizations is: is good enough to be
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00458-00160561-00160663 in a bird club,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00459-00160663-00161049 where everybody is a birder, to build trust? Well probably not
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00460-00161049-00161468 because the diversity of that group and the reason that you come together
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00461-00161468-00161828 doesn't build your beliefs about humanity in general.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00462-00161828-00162243 It's other birders, but unless you're in organizations where there's a wider
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00463-00162243-00162382 circle of diverse others,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00464-00162382-00162804 there's not a lot a reason to think about its capacity for building the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00465-00162804-00162941 stock of social trust.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00466-00162941-00163341 So here I really want to get into the potential of volunteer work
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00467-00163341-00163700 and a particular type of engagement in communities,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00468-00163700-00164114 okay? So we know for you know since the late 80's early 90's--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00469-00164114-00164477 Rob Shumer's  here--there's a number of people at this university who are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00470-00164477-00164791 excellent experts in this whole area of service-learning,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00471-00164791-00165256 community engagement. What I want to argue is that there's something unique
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00472-00165256-00165683 in the terms of the potential of good volunteer work. We all know that all
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00473-00165683-00165851 volunteer work is not the same,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00474-00165851-00166243 but in in community engagement we need to think seriously about the qualities
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00475-00166243-00166365 of volunteer work
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00476-00166365-00166780 that enhance the kinds of democratic capacities we would want in the younger
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00477-00166780-00166890 generation, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00478-00166890-00167405 And so out of out of  psychology there's a theory called
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00479-00167405-00167536 contact theory;
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00480-00167536-00167966 and I think this is actually a really interesting way to go in the field of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00481-00167966-00168314 service learning, to think about what it is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00482-00168314-00168740 about  working with a group who society stereotypes.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00483-00168740-00169059 The homeless, okay? The elderly,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00484-00169059-00169466 okay? Those with whom, on a daily basis,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00485-00169466-00169812 we do not have regular contact ,okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00486-00169812-00170200 And the idea by contact theory is that we work with -- all of us do --
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00487-00170200-00170575 we work with group stereotypes because it's easier to think that way,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00488-00170575-00170898 okay? Even if we would like to get over it we we actually
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00489-00170898-00171437 live with group stereotypes. And when we have contact with people, real people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00490-00171437-00171809 from those stereotyped groups, it starts us to think about,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00491-00171809-00172080 reflect on the stereotypes we walk around with.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00492-00172080-00172580 So what I want to argue is if we want to build the stock of social trust--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00493-00172580-00172729 like humanity,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00494-00172729-00173134 people in general are fair, trustworthy and helpful--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00495-00173134-00173519 we need to build into the engagement experiences of young people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00496-00173519-00173880 opportunities to act with others who are not like them, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00497-00173880-00174380 The second thing, and I think it's been underestimated in the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00498-00174380-00174837 the work on community service and service learning is that when kids do
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00499-00174837-00175240 service they're typically working in human service organizations,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00500-00175240-00175644 and most have you know that people do not go into human service work to get
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00501-00175644-00175698 rich,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00502-00175698-00176007 they do it because they believe
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00503-00176007-00176480 in what what they're doing is of benefit to others in their community, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00504-00176480-00176726 So even the opportunity
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00505-00176726-00177129 to be with adults who have dedicated their lives to human service
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00506-00177129-00177533 is probably an opportunity for young people to think about--not only think
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00507-00177533-00177710 about what they might do with their lives--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00508-00177710-00178155 but there are people out there in my community who really care about others;
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00509-00178155-00178522 they're trustworthy, they're fair, they go out of their way to be helpful,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00510-00178522-00178972 okay, even to their own financial sacrifice. So two areas I think
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00511-00178972-00179364 that we that we ought to be thinking about in terms of volunteer work or community
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00512-00179364-00179452 service--I
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00513-00179452-00179775 I know there's distinctions in the literature and what we should really
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00514-00179775-00180237 call this--but the opportunities for kids to get out of the comfort zone
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00515-00180237-00180605 of their own lives and even in their own clubs, community-based clubs
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00516-00180605-00180961 and interact with others okay in their community
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00517-00180961-00181498 I think builds the stock of social trust. And I just draw this from John Dewey's
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00518-00181498-00181876 work on the importance of education to democracy
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00519-00181876-00182320 so he has a phrase that says you know-- even a band of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00520-00182320-00182680 thieves has a strong sense of solidarity,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00521-00182680-00183139 so it can't just be group friendship or solidarity that's building democracy,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00522-00183139-00183607 okay? Because anti-social groups also are pretty solid.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00523-00183607-00183984 So are the kinds of questions we need to ask about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00524-00183984-00184328 what engagement opportunities young people are having
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00525-00184328-00184744 he phrases this way: so if you're in a group
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00526-00184744-00185063 can you say to yourself how numerous and  varied
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00527-00185063-00185257 are the interests of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00528-00185257-00185663 those people in the group which they talk about? He uses consciously share--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00529-00185663-00185963 do they talk about stuff that doesn't just happen in the group?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00530-00185963-00186270 You know, "I met so-and-so and say I went here," okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00531-00186270-00186654 So that within the group even if they're very similar
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00532-00186654-00186972 within the group there's a chance to talk about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00533-00186972-00187439 other things okay outside of the group and how full
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00534-00187439-00187849 in free is the interplay with other people outside the group?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00535-00187849-00188151 So it's not just this club then I'm in,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00536-00188151-00188467 but I'm in other things that have different interests
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00537-00188467-00188922 and when I come to this club, what comes with me is my experiences in those other
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00538-00188922-00189040 places, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00539-00189040-00189407 So again if you think about homogeneity or heterogeneity of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00540-00189407-00189538 experience,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00541-00189538-00189911 and that social trust is enhanced by meeting
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00542-00189911-00190276 lots of diverse other people,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00543-00190276-00190703 what Dewey is really talking about here is we build democracy by making
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00544-00190703-00190900 sure we don't just have
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00545-00190900-00191200 very homogeneous experiences.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00546-00191200-00191587 Now this is a very simple study in which
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00547-00191587-00191998 we asked the young people: okay what kinds of groups
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00548-00191998-00192339 are you in? Okay? Do you--are you in any clubs
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00549-00192339-00192810 at school, after school? Do you do any volunteer work in the community
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00550-00192810-00193196 at school, after school? So this is a simplification of those kinds of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00551-00193196-00193334 questions on the bars.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00552-00193334-00193865 And then what the little legend is talking about is their perceptions of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00553-00193865-00193933 people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00554-00193933-00194435 in their community. So it's a number of scales, which say, "Yeah, generally
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00555-00194435-00194925 people in my community care about others. People in my community
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00556-00194925-00195332 pitch in. People in my community care about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00557-00195332-00195779 how others are doing, not just themselves." Okay so you can see the resonance to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00558-00195779-00196201 the social trust theme. People--the "Open" thing, I think is a
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00559-00196201-00196594 really important scale: People in my community welcome
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00560-00196594-00196900 newcomers, even if they're different from us.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00561-00196900-00197246 Because in Pennsylvania and a lot of other places, as you know very well,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00562-00197246-00197723 there are many newcomers diversifying the concept of community,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00563-00197723-00198079 so we felt it was important not just to talk about solidarity within, but
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00564-00198079-00198250 openness to others on the outside.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00565-00198250-00198569 And "Effectiveness" is people in my community can get
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00566-00198569-00198961 things done. So the first thing you can see
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00567-00198961-00199320 is that the the club's--the kids who do nothing,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00568-00199320-00199626 the kids who say they are not in any clubs, I don't do any volunteer work--it's
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00569-00199626-00199917 hard to believe,  but there are plenty of kids out there actually not
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00570-00199917-00200400 incorporated into anything--are less likely than others to say their
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00571-00200400-00200529 community is caring,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00572-00200529-00200973 open and effective. We also actually have scales about the police, incidently,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00573-00200973-00201322 and although, although the scales on the police
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00574-00201322-00201748 and whether they treat everybody fairly are much lower than these other
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00575-00201748-00201834 things, so actually
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00576-00201834-00202230 I didn't even put them up there. There are, there are differences between groups
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00577-00202230-00202347 in terms of the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00578-00202347-00202736 opportunities kids have to incorporate. But the big difference is--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00579-00202736-00203100 so so on the left side of the graph what you can see is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00580-00203100-00203487 kids who are in clubs and do volunteer work, and kids who didn't say they were in any
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00581-00203487-00204070 clubs, but did some sort of volunteer work, okay? And the important message
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00582-00204072-00204573 here is that when you say you've done some volunteer work you are more likely
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00583-00204573-00204641 than
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00584-00204641-00205032 even just being in clubs, so our 4-H groups or
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00585-00205032-00205550 Boys & Girls Clubs, if they're not also doing some sort of volunteering engagement
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00586-00205550-00205942 are not producing the kind the kids who say their community--people in their
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00587-00205942-00206025 community
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00588-00206025-00206361 are people I wanna be like. Okay. People who care about others,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00589-00206361-00206755 people who are open to newcomers, and people who can get things done.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00590-00206755-00207160 I'm sorry this is not a great quality, but the only point I want to I
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00591-00207160-00207780 emphasize here this is a 3--this is three waves--three time points across three years,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00592-00207785-00208176 so it's the same adolescent, alright? And this
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00593-00208176-00208778 is this is the the developmental change in social trust. So probably you
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00594-00208778-00208931 could have predicted that from
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00595-00208931-00209437 age 11 to age 15 there would be a decline in your positive beliefs about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00596-00209437-00209579 humanity and you'd be right.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00597-00209579-00210017 But the point, the main point I want to make here is that the pink line is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00598-00210017-00210481 also showing the same kids over time but these are the kids
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00599-00210481-00210879 who at least at one point said they engaged in volunteer work.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00600-00210879-00211294 So the message of this slide is that although
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00601-00211294-00211359 with age,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00602-00211359-00211796 kids' beliefs about whether others can be trusted tend to go down,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00603-00211796-00212137 okay? That might just be the wider range of others
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00604-00212137-00212615 that they're in contact with and they haven't had a chance to think through
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00605-00212615-00212796 with adults or with other youth
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00606-00212796-00213115 why those groups shouldn't be stereotyped.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00607-00213115-00213451 But what we would say is that the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00608-00213451-00213817 the opportunity to do volunteer work moderates
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00609-00213817-00214123 this natural age-related decline, okay,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00610-00214123-00214664 In in social trust. Alright let's just move on to the notion of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00611-00214664-00215037 others and a little bit more about who the bad crowd is.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00612-00215037-00215491 So: I'm worried about your brother. Lately he's hanging out with the wrong crowd.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00613-00215491-00215964 I think one thing I wanna do at the end of my career is get rid of the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00614-00215964-00216167 idea that there is a wrong crowd.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00615-00216167-00216577 Work hard to think through why we so easily adopt that concept.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00616-00216577-00216921 So, what I want to use this slide to talk about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00617-00216921-00217308 is Contact Theory and why
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00618-00217308-00217750 volunteer work has the potential. I want to emphasize: it's not inevitable.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00619-00217750-00218092 So doing volunteer work can actually
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00620-00218092-00218551 solidify or intensify group stereotypes. I worked with an Extension educator who
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00621-00218551-00218598 said
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00622-00218598-00218981 she worked with the young girl who  didn't want to go back to the nursing
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00623-00218981-00219123 home, she really didn't like it.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00624-00219123-00219563 So importantly it's not inevitable  that when you have contact
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00625-00219563-00220098 it will undo your stereotypes, okay? What is important again is I think the role
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00626-00220098-00220492 of adults in helping kids unpack what their experience was.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00627-00220492-00220921 But these are just the kids' statements. So all we ask them was,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00628-00220921-00221275 if you did volunteer work in the community can you just tell us what you
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00629-00221275-00221413 learned from that experience?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00630-00221413-00221731 We've didn't say--you know we didn't put in any categories.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00631-00221731-00222180 So these are their words: I used to be afraid of the elderly.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00632-00222180-00222523 I understand them more and found out they're really nice.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00633-00222523-00222941 I was astonished at how much the elderly--there's a stereotype about the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00634-00222941-00223109 elderly or among young people.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00635-00223109-00223492 I had no idea and yet over and over and over again we hear:
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00636-00223492-00223846 Old people are actually kind of nice.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00637-00223846-00224152 Just because someone is old, you don't have to be frightened of them.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00638-00224152-00224459 A lot of people in the nursing homes
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00639-00224459-00224575 aren't really mean,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00640-00224575-00224964 they're just lonely. So the these are their own words--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00641-00224964-00225337 ways in which contact with real people--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00642-00225337-00225698 I mean, who'd've guessed that was a stereotyped group? I didn't think that.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00643-00225698-00226071 But they're saying themselves what I learned from doing this volunteer work is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00644-00226071-00226196 they're not so bad.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00645-00226196-00226585 And what I want to argue with a few more slides is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00646-00226585-00227013 there's been a debate in the literature on service about whether it's only
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00647-00227013-00227180 charity work and therefore
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00648-00227180-00227617 apolitical, okay? And some can be,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00649-00227617-00227926 but what I want to emphasize is that by doing it
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00650-00227926-00228233 and by having a chance to interact with people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00651-00228233-00228717 for whom policies really matter, teenagers are beginning to see the world
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00652-00228717-00229010 from their point of view. You know there's a famous phrase about walking in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00653-00229010-00229103 someone's shoes, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00654-00229103-00229448 It's not inevitable that you'll think about policy,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00655-00229448-00229873 but it's a huge opportunity again for adults to say, "Well yeah,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00656-00229873-00230233 why do we have nursing homes? How do we fund them? Why is it that people were
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00657-00230233-00230412 there and not in the community?" Okay? So
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00658-00230412-00230786 to have those kinds of conversations that are highly relevant to politics
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00659-00230786-00231153 and policy I think service is a huge opportunity,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00660-00231153-00231469 okay? So I learned that not all
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00661-00231469-00231771 all the people who attend a soup kitchen are actually homeless. Again,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00662-00231771-00232126 that's probably a very common stereotype, the reason you're there is you're
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00663-00232126-00232173 homeless.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00664-00232173-00232587 Some are old people who can't survive on Social Security.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00665-00232587-00232956 Okay now how many ten or twelve year olds, or 13 or 14
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00666-00232956-00233427 have you had a conversation about Social Security with? So their opportunity to be
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00667-00233427-00233484 there
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00668-00233484-00233860 actually says, "Oh, there's a system we have here and it looks like it's not
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00669-00233860-00234017 supporting the people that I met at the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00670-00234017-00234484 soup kitchen." And even even stereotypes about groups you wouldn't
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00671-00234484-00234636 think that would necessarily come up.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00672-00234636-00234991 Rich people--if you live in a rich area--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00673-00234991-00235357 you may not--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00674-00235357-00235787 you're not necessarily snobby.  Okay, again I think a stereotype in the sorty of reverse
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00675-00235787-00235860 direction.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00676-00235860-00236256 And this comes like from an African-American child: I learned all
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00677-00236256-00236364 white people aren't--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00678-00236364-00236767 and I love the way he said it--stereo-slash-types.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00679-00236767-00237098 It it's really new way of thinking "stereo"
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00680-00237098-00237423 and its meaning.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00681-00237423-00237830 And then: Basically you get to know people for who they are, not
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00682-00237830-00238233 what they are.  You know, nobody was teaching them about contact theory or
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00683-00238233-00238556 stereotyping or anything, but these are the kids' own words about what they
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00684-00238556-00238660 learned.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00685-00238660-00239017 And: People are hurt, they need your moral back-up.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00686-00239017-00239356 I think these phrases are terrific.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00687-00239356-00239784 And here I want to argue that some of these are telling us that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00688-00239784-00240114 kids actually are beginning to see public
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00689-00240114-00240429 issues or public problems, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00690-00240429-00240813 I got the views of people four times my age and saw how they were
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00691-00240813-00240880 treated.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00692-00240880-00241190 It helped me see how hard it can be
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00693-00241190-00241535 for some kids and some adults if you have disabilities.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00694-00241535-00241890 It taught me how wide the gap is between
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00695-00241890-00242309 just the middle class and the poor. I think they're amazing, I mean
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00696-00242309-00242689 this person's talking about inequality. This kid is talking about inequality in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00697-00242689-00242766 their own words.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00698-00242766-00243169 I learned how our younger generations are growing up, how not everyone has the kind of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00699-00243169-00243457 life to live in a house. There are quite a few poor people--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00700-00243457-00243831 and this is one of the places--Allentown as a as a community in Pennsylvania--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00701-00243831-00244191 I didn't realize there were poor people in my own town.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00702-00244191-00244581 And: I learned about the treatment of the elderly; and:  see what people get angry
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00703-00244581-00244955 about. What motivates people to get active in politics is often that they
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00704-00244955-00245146 think social injustice is happening,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00705-00245146-00245641 so these are kids saying from their own experience of volunteer work and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00706-00245641-00245791 as small as it might be,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00707-00245791-00246158 I think a sort of budding political awareness. And here
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00708-00246158-00246646 here I want to argue to come back to the theme that by being--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00709-00246646-00247023 working together-- I, I actually have a really strong prejudice the kids should
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00710-00247023-00247136 not do service
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00711-00247136-00247441 alone, they should do it in a group, and they should then
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00712-00247441-00247867 unpack with the people in the group, What did we do? and How do we do it? Bcause
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00713-00247867-00248392 achieving public change, achieving social change or achieving any kind of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00714-00248392-00248475 political change--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00715-00248475-00248896 except for someone like Bill Gates--it's really hard for most of us to achieve
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00716-00248896-00249028 political change
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00717-00249028-00249448 unless we work together. So what I wanna argue is that we really ought to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00718-00249448-00249816 be thinking in our volunteer work about how they develop a sense of "We, the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00719-00249816-00249875 people."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00720-00249875-00250226 We got this done together and the power of collective work.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00721-00250226-00250656 So they say things like, "There are nice, considerate people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00722-00250656-00251041 out there that could still believe someone after they have done
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00723-00251041-00251396 wrong." This is actually a kid who's doing service because they're mandated by the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00724-00251396-00251478 court to do it.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00725-00251478-00251846 Okay, so this kid is saying, "Gee,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00726-00251846-00252277 even though a lot of people think I'm not trustworthy, when I did this service
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00727-00252277-00252582 these nice people actually gave me the benefit of the doubt."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00728-00252582-00253021 Okay? And there are still people out there like that, so it's clear that this
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00729-00253021-00253131 kid has not become
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00730-00253131-00253466 hardened, because a he's had a chance to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00731-00253466-00253775 restore justice to the community and restore his reputation.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00732-00253775-00254152 And again, "I learned that by helping people you'll receive
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00733-00254152-00254460 many rewards, particularly respect."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00734-00254460-00254905 Okay? That because we youth were out there doing something
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00735-00254905-00255280 those members of our community respect us, the youth.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00736-00255280-00255551 I grew closer to people at school
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00737-00255551-00255865 and realized that team efforts
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00738-00255865-00256280 make a difference. If you work together, you can get things done. In order to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00739-00256280-00256431 achieve things, everyone
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00740-00256431-00256859 must work together. It helps to me to bond with others,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00741-00256859-00257210 and they help me to see myself.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00742-00257210-00257642 So I just think this sort of notion that "we, the people" is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00743-00257642-00257717 something
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00744-00257717-00258048 kids can begin to articulate in their own ways by having
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00745-00258048-00258481 collective experiences of achieving something together in their community.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00746-00258481-00258827 You help others now and when you need it,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00747-00258827-00259177 it will be there for you. So my program of work is called
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00748-00259177-00259632 kids understanding of the social contract. What I love is that they see that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00749-00259632-00260021 this is something that comes back to you-- because you've made a contribution it'll
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00750-00260021-00260131 be there when you need it.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00751-00260131-00260467 Now this was for Bob Shumer, who was telling me
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00752-00260467-00260798 just before the presentation about the concerns about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00753-00260798-00261166 whether all kids are having opportunities
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00754-00261166-00261479 for engaging with their community, and who's getting left out.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00755-00261479-00261856 There are a number of studies now showing that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00756-00261856-00262315 within schools, within community-based organizations there's huge
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00757-00262315-00262880 variability by social class as to what the opportunities for engagement are.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00758-00262880-00263296 Even within the same school--Joe Kahn in California has done some
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00759-00263296-00263706 studies within the same school--kids who are ability-grouped in the lower
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00760-00263706-00264023 classes have fewer civic opportunities than the--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00761-00264023-00264286 within the very same school. But across
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00762-00264286-00264744 communities that vary in terms of both their financial, but also their human
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00763-00264744-00264812 capital--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00764-00264812-00265275 so a lot of, as you know, youth-based organizations require volunteers.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00765-00265275-00265633 And Dan Hart has done some really interesting work in what he calls
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00766-00265633-00266158 child-saturated communities. So to the extent that the adult-child ratio
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00767-00266158-00266611 is lower--there were fewer adults per children in poor communities--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00768-00266611-00266972 you have fewer volunteers. I mean that  also adds on to the stress level and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00769-00266972-00267054 everything else,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00770-00267054-00267433 but just the simple fact how many adults are there for how many kids
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00771-00267433-00267746 means that there's unequal opportunities for engagement.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00772-00267746-00268192 this is a chart the comes from Monitoring the Future which is a
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00773-00268192-00268283 national
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00774-00268283-00268659 trends study of high school seniors that's been going on since the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00775-00268659-00268763 mid-seventies,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00776-00268763-00269117 and what it shows the red line--well--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00777-00269117-00269730 they asked the kids in high school: Do you expect to be going to college next year, or not?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00778-00269730-00270128 Okay? So the blue line is the kids who in high school say, no
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00779-00270128-00270187 I'm not
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00780-00270187-00270534 expecting to go on to college, and the red line is those who are.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00781-00270534-00271053 And there's one question which says, and has been asked--that wonderful thing
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00782-00271053-00271346 about trend studies is is that people had the foresight to say,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00783-00271346-00271718 "Gee, we should ask these kinds of questions."--so they have one question talking about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00784-00271718-00272246 how often you participate in community affairs on a monthly basis,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00785-00272246-00272557 okay? So what you're seeing here--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00786-00272557-00272858 I mean the trend line for the red kids-- the kids in red,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00787-00272858-00273267 is from the early 90's when all of you know service-learning
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00788-00273267-00273614 has become very much institutionalized in schools.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00789-00273614-00274048 And some people argue it's increasingly needed to get into college,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00790-00274048-00274409 because if you--unless you can show that you're a well-rounded, good citizen,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00791-00274409-00274739 you know--good grades, good scores on SAT's are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00792-00274739-00275268 actually not sufficient anymore. So what  this represents in my view
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00793-00275268-00275573 is a  the growing class divide in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00794-00275573-00275940 opportunities for engagement in community affairs.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00795-00275940-00276305 And this is not the only evidence. There's actually a number of different
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00796-00276305-00276455 studies that have shown that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00797-00276455-00276813 it's not just that kids aren't choosing to do this stuff, it's that there really
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00798-00276813-00276948 aren't the opportunities
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00799-00276948-00277340 or the norms being pushed on them to do this stuff.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00800-00277340-00277539 I'll just mention one other
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00801-00277539-00278103 important point on this and that comes from work by Sid Verba, Schlozman and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00802-00278103-00278230 Brady--there's a book called
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00803-00278230-00278573 Voice and Equality. They're
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00804-00278573-00279047 political scientists at Harvard, and it's a study of adults, but the very important
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00805-00279047-00279201 point out of this book is this:
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00806-00279201-00279564 When they asked a national sample of adults:
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00807-00279564-00279909 Do you participate in community affairs? Do you get engaged? Do you vote?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00808-00279909-00280426 Why do you do that? The number one reason people say that they do those things is
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00809-00280426-00280506 that somebody
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00810-00280506-00281019 asked them to go to the meeting. So the notion of normative pressure, or what I
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00811-00281019-00281300 I use that movie, Being There, you know that old, what was it--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00812-00281300-00281629 Peter Sellers movie or--what--you know, just being Chauncey whatever
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00813-00281629-00281669 his name was--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00814-00281669-00282169 being there is actually a hugely important reason that we get engaged.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00815-00282169-00282569 So it's not surprising that there's been a number studies that show that
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00816-00282569-00282900 kids who were in 4-H, or in community-based organizations,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00817-00282900-00283018 when they're adults, they vote
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00818-00283018-00283296 more so than kids who weren't in those things. When they're adults they
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00819-00283296-00283572 participate in our community. I think the mechanism
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00820-00283572-00283969 that's happening there is that you continue to select in places
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00821-00283969-00284292 where being there means you get asked, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00822-00284292-00284678 So if you're in 4-H, and even if you don't continue, you probably do something
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00823-00284678-00285001 else because you know other people who ask you to join another organization.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00824-00285001-00285471 And that kind of connection just in organizations matters.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00825-00285471-00285860 So the important thing here is we need to be thinking of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00826-00285860-00286313 as a society, that it can't just be college that's the opportunity for young
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00827-00286313-00286629 adults to engage. There's plenty of opportunities for
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00828-00286629-00287017 engagement in college but those who don't go on the college, there's a huge
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00829-00287017-00287181 institutional lacuna there.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00830-00287181-00287530 It used to be trade unions that would be a
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00831-00287530-00287866 mechanism, but the membership in those as you all know has been declining
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00832-00287866-00287956 precipitously.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00833-00287956-00288289 So we really need to think about--there's some evidence coming up that community
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00834-00288289-00288419 colleges really matter,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00835-00288419-00288828 but everybody doesn't go to them either, and what's hugely important as
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00836-00288828-00289214 you know is there's disproportionate numbers of newcomers--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00837-00289214-00289634 ethnic minorities, new immigrants, who are in the group that's not going on to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00838-00289634-00289847 college. So to bring it back to democracy,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00839-00289847-00290227 unless we're sure we're making these opportunities for engagement
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00840-00290227-00290658 equal opportunities, we are not building democracy.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00841-00290658-00290944 I'm just going to quickly go through these.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00842-00290944-00291283 (Yeah, I should I should wrap up pretty quickly right, Ann?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00843-00291283-00291600 Oh, okay.)
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00844-00291600-00292019 I just want to briefly introduce the stereotype about
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00845-00292019-00292373 institutions and whether they're safe and why we need to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00846-00292373-00292942 get over this this idea that everything's worse than it used to be,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00847-00292942-00293292 okay? This just came from
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00848-00293292-00293615 a gallup poll data that happened to be in a Seattle Times.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00849-00293615-00294144 Just look at the Public Schools thing for a second, so this is comparing 1979
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00850-00294144-00294558 national data to 2008, and what it's saying
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00851-00294558-00294895 is, How confident are you
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00852-00294895-00295239 that these institutions are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00853-00295239-00295544 are trustworthy institutions, okay? So
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00854-00295544-00295848 what it's talking about is a crisis of confidence, which actually, President
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00855-00295848-00295980 Carter in the seventies
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00856-00295980-00296297 talked about, his worry that there was a
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00857-00296297-00296706 general crisis in confidence. But what these data say is if anything
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00858-00296706-00297127 our belief in the trustworthiness of institutions is worse than it used to be.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00859-00297127-00297610 And what I want to present to you is why that matters for everyday life in terms of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00860-00297611-00298053 just to look at parent-teacher relationships. So
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00861-00298053-00298449 in our most recent study we asked the parents in this study
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00862-00298449-00298859 to tell us, thinking about when you were young,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00863-00298859-00299283 would you say the following institutions: are more or less secure,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00864-00299283-00299428 safer, trustworthy,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00865-00299428-00299885 or about the same as when you were young? And I'm not going to present the data on
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00866-00299885-00300043 all of them, it varies
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00867-00300043-00300504 in terms of their comparison basis. I'm just going to focus here on schools
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00868-00300504-00300852 and whether the parents say schools--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00869-00300852-00301238 that's in general--are more or less trustworthy, safe,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00870-00301238-00301578 or secure. You should know that schools actually are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00871-00301578-00301892 more safe and secure than they used to be,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00872-00301892-00302208 despite popular stereotypes. So
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00873-00302208-00302523 the green bar is those who
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00874-00302523-00302627 either say,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00875-00302627-00303041 who say schools are much less trustworthy or somewhat less
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00876-00303041-00303124 trustworthy.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00877-00303124-00303446 than when I was a kid. And the threes, fours and fives are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00878-00303446-00303720 it's the same-- they're the same as they were when I was a kid, or they're even
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00879-00303720-00303776 better.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00880-00303776-00304139 So what you can first see is that 63 percent--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00881-00304139-00304610 so it's 600 parents, okay? Sixty-three percent of our sample actually felt
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00882-00304610-00304954 things were worse than when they were a kid in terms the trustworthiness and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00883-00304954-00305015 safety of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00884-00305015-00305329 schools. Now the main point I want to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00885-00305329-00305851 emphasize is that this affects their perceptions of their kids' school,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00886-00305851-00306199 okay? And their relationships with teachers and ultimately what we really
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00887-00306199-00306319 want to make sure
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00888-00306319-00306726 is that the communication between parents, students and teachers
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00889-00306726-00307070 flows, and that there's trust on all sides.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00890-00307070-00307483 So then we asked the same parents a set of scales,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00891-00307483-00307883 and we asked the kids these things too. So about the school your child currently
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00892-00307883-00308095 attends--and these are 1-to-5,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00893-00308095-00308625 you know, disagree-agree scales. And then we have a number of items that get at
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00894-00308625-00309049 the administration at this school was responsive to parents' concerns. So I can
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00895-00309049-00309197 go there and they'll listen to me.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00896-00309197-00309606 And a number of items tapping that. There's a good sense of school spirit.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00897-00309606-00309724 Kids feel
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00898-00309724-00310057 like they're wanted, like they're an important part of the school. And adults
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00899-00310057-00310303 my child can go to and talk to at that school.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00900-00310303-00310735 Now I want to emphasize, we looked at whether these kids were bullied,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00901-00310735-00311134 whether the kids felt that teachers played preferences,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00902-00311134-00311609 all the things that one might feel are real evidence that kids are getting--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00903-00311609-00311928 certain kids are not getting treated as fairly as others.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00904-00311928-00312366 We couldn't find anything that said the parents who didn't trust schools
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00905-00312366-00312710 had kids whose situation was worse, okay?
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00906-00312710-00313114 But what you see here, and this is just a shorthand, that these are
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00907-00313114-00313546 the parents who said schools have gotten worse than when I was a kid in terms of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00908-00313546-00313578 their
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00909-00313578-00313936 safety, security. They are much less likely--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00910-00313936-00314330 these are significant differences--to feel that authorities at their kids
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00911-00314330-00314451 school are responsive,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00912-00314451-00314845 At their school kids feel like an important part of the school, and at
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00913-00314845-00315234 their kids' school adults would be responsive to their kids' needs.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00914-00315234-00315608 This is this is already figuring out whether there's anything going wrong for
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00915-00315608-00315686 their individual
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00916-00315686-00316035 kids that we could ferret out from the kids' data.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00917-00316035-00316536 So the argument here is that these prevailing stereotypes about the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00918-00316536-00316774 institutions of our society
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00919-00316774-00317358 are harming relationships probably at the individual and interpersonal
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00920-00317358-00317488 level, and that we should
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00921-00317488-00317814 I mean there--first of all, many of them are not true. Certainly on schools
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00922-00317814-00318174 they're not true. We should somehow work at eradicating these beliefs
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00923-00318174-00318510 about schools.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00924-00318510-00318929 This is just getting back to the same Time, 2002
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00925-00318929-00319315 magazine that I started with, the baby picture.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00926-00319315-00319829 So this is a teenager out in the middle of an ocean, and if you can see it in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00927-00319829-00319991 the distance there's this huge
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00928-00319991-00320379 ocean liner that he's trying desperately to flag down.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00929-00320379-00320768 But again, you know it captures what Time felt
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00930-00320768-00321121 was this sense of being all alone in this vast
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00931-00321121-00321477 sea and figuring out your own way.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00932-00321477-00321835 And I want to just end with a couple of these quotes. So
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00933-00321835-00322275 in 1987 Margaret Thatcher gave this interview, actually thing was to women's
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00934-00322275-00322409 magazine, and I just
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00935-00322409-00322786 really love this quote about about the
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00936-00322786-00323223 privatization of risk. "I think we've gone through a period when too many children
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00937-00323223-00323640 and people have been given to understand: "I have a problem, it's the government's job to cope with it.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00938-00323640-00323910 "I have a problem, I'll go and get a grant to cope with it.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00939-00323910-00324260 "I am homeless, the government should house me."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00940-00324260-00324590 And so then she said this, and was really embarrassed that she did:
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00941-00324590-00324866 "...and so they're casting their problems on society,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00942-00324866-00325202 and what is society? There is no such thing.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00943-00325202-00325603 There are individual men and women and there are families,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00944-00325603-00325913 and no government can do anything except through people, and people
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00945-00325913-00326347 must look to themselves first."  And so this is just representing sort of the extreme of
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00946-00326347-00326669 the privatization that we're not all in this together.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00947-00326669-00327058 And here, I just want to
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00948-00327058-00327441 end with two more slides. So this again is a little bit old, because
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00949-00327441-00327778 you may not even remember SARS anymore, or mad cow disease,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00950-00327778-00328182 but several years ago these with the fears that were being promulgated on
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00951-00328182-00328590 TV about what we should all worry about. But essentially
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00952-00328590-00328903 the point here is if we wanted to pay
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00953-00328903-00329230 attention all the time to what's scary
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00954-00329230-00329679 and produces anxiety, there's plenty of stuff out there for us to think about,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00955-00329679-00330125 okay? Getting together and engaging with other people in our community means our
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00956-00330125-00330471 attention is not on those things, and it's on solving the problems that we actually
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00957-00330471-00330544 share.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00958-00330544-00331000 And figuring out that in fact we can do something together about them rather
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00959-00331000-00331243 than sitting around, you know, looking at survivalist
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00960-00331243-00331731 TV. So I just wanna and with this last thing to bring the theme back to why
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00961-00331731-00331969 social trust is so necessary
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00962-00331969-00332377 to thinking about our collective future. This comes from someone,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00963-00332377-00332797 C. Douglas Lummuis, who wrote a book called Radical Democracy,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00964-00332797-00333277 and he really capture for me this sense of  public hope, because we really don't talk
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00965-00333277-00333383 about it a lot.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00966-00333383-00333755 But he also captured the whole notion of why we need to trust,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00967-00333755-00334058 and on what basis should we be developing trust.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00968-00334058-00334428 So he says that trust and trustworthiness were invented
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00969-00334428-00334807 as a way of dealing with the uncertainties of human beings,
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00970-00334807-00335365 in a way, because they're free. I mean it's our freedom that in many ways makes
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00971-00335365-00335840 how we act uncertain. Democratic faith is the decision to believe that a world
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00972-00335840-00336002 have democratic trust
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00973-00336002-00336308 is possible because we see it in
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00974-00336308-00336655 each person sometimes--not always--
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00975-00336655-00337094 but there are plenty of times when we could look at the behaviour others and
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00976-00337094-00337280 say, "Yeah, that's really trustworthy."
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00977-00337280-00337580 And paying attention at those times is important.
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00978-00337580-00337739 Democratic faith
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00979-00337739-00338204 is the decision to believe in what people can be on the basis of what they
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00980-00338204-00338730 are sometimes. None of this has been proved, but neither has it been
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00981-00338730-00339090 disproved, and we are all free to believe
Rf8qIJDdCPU-00982-00339090-00339278 either way. So I thank you.
RiJpIemLzLc-00000-00000035-00000675 I grew up in New Bedford Mass. My uncle had a small farm in Acushnet, so I used to go
RiJpIemLzLc-00001-00000675-00001288 there all the time as a child. Switching over to the Sustainable Ag program, I wasn't really
RiJpIemLzLc-00002-00001288-00001842 sure that I wanted to start a farm yet. One day it just hit me, I was like " I want a
RiJpIemLzLc-00003-00001842-00002447 farm, that's my calling." You know what I mean? That's who I am. So now I have this
RiJpIemLzLc-00004-00002447-00003026 farm in Dartmouth. This year we should have everything set we'll be selling at three farmers'
RiJpIemLzLc-00005-00003026-00003865 markets. We've sold direct to consumer as well. We'll be selling chicken, lamb, maybe
RiJpIemLzLc-00006-00003865-00004926 duck, turkey, and we'll have eggs. We have chicken and duck eggs. I think my BCC degree,
RiJpIemLzLc-00007-00004926-00005550 It might nor necessarily- I don't have to apply for a job, so it doesn't work that way, but the information and the
RiJpIemLzLc-00008-00005551-00006207 knowledge that I have gained and learned is you know, almost invaluable. It's stuff that I'll be
RiJpIemLzLc-00009-00006207-00006703 using here. It's stuff that I'll be, you know telling people in the future.
RiUdUUyyvck-00000-00000003-00000519 do you stress when it comes to money so many of us our anxiety skyrockets at the
RiUdUUyyvck-00001-00000519-00000717 end of the month when we've gotta pay bills
RiUdUUyyvck-00002-00000717-00001140 figure out where our money went figure out why we don't have enough it just
RiUdUUyyvck-00003-00001140-00001671 freaks us out it's overwhelming well in this video I'm going to share with you
RiUdUUyyvck-00004-00001671-00002142 my top tips for dealing with financial stress so that you can worry less about
RiUdUUyyvck-00005-00002142-00002618 money and finally start making progress towards your goals
RiUdUUyyvck-00006-00002618-00003047 hi everyone welcome back to my channel my name is Meredith Rines. I am a
RiUdUUyyvck-00007-00003047-00003485 certified financial planner our budget strategist a wife and a mom I love
RiUdUUyyvck-00008-00003485-00003953 helping families learn how to budget their money effectively so they can
RiUdUUyyvck-00009-00003953-00004397 finally start paying down their debt and living a life it always dreamed of on
RiUdUUyyvck-00010-00004397-00004858 this channel I share weekly videos with budget hacks money management tips and
RiUdUUyyvck-00011-00004858-00005297 all-around advice for being a busy mama so I encourage you to hit that subscribe
RiUdUUyyvck-00012-00005297-00005654 button so you never miss a new video today we're going to talk all about
RiUdUUyyvck-00013-00005654-00006350 financial stress how you need to stop worrying about money and the easiest way
RiUdUUyyvck-00014-00006350-00006709 to do that is following these tips these tips have helped so many of my clients
RiUdUUyyvck-00015-00006709-00007097 so many of my readers so many of my viewers and I really just wanted to
RiUdUUyyvck-00016-00007097-00007645 break it down real easy for you so that you don't have to worry about not
RiUdUUyyvck-00017-00007645-00008222 worrying about money so let's jump right into today's video tip one is I want you
RiUdUUyyvck-00018-00008222-00008714 to prepare for the what-ifs and I know it's hard to imagine what could possibly
RiUdUUyyvck-00019-00008714-00009182 happen but when you prepare for the what-if moment and the unexpected bills
RiUdUUyyvck-00020-00009182-00009671 then it really does lessen the burden you have when that actually does come up
RiUdUUyyvck-00021-00009671-00010202 so for instance what happens today if you walk out to your car and it doesn't
RiUdUUyyvck-00022-00010202-00010664 start and you have to go get a new battery or you have to go to the repair
RiUdUUyyvck-00023-00010664-00011129 shop and actually pay someone to fix your car what would you do could you
RiUdUUyyvck-00024-00011129-00011594 afford it what if your fridge winner what if your wash machine went out what
RiUdUUyyvck-00025-00011594-00012080 if your kid jumps off the couch like all kids do and ends up hurt and you have to
RiUdUUyyvck-00026-00012080-00012500 take him to the emergency room what would you do if that happened would you
RiUdUUyyvck-00027-00012500-00013051 have enough money in your bank account to pay for that bill if not then you
RiUdUUyyvck-00028-00013051-00013526 really really need an emergency fund these emergency funds are perfect for
RiUdUUyyvck-00029-00013526-00014056 those what-if moments that we don't plan for but we know something sometime is
RiUdUUyyvck-00030-00014056-00014450 going to happen I recommend that you have at least a thousand dollars in
RiUdUUyyvck-00031-00014450-00014918 emergency fund at all times that means that if you have to pay the insurance
RiUdUUyyvck-00032-00014918-00015350 deductible if you have to go out and get a new wash machine or pay repairman to
RiUdUUyyvck-00033-00015350-00015803 fix your fridge you have money that won't interrupt your actual monthly
RiUdUUyyvck-00034-00015803-00016238 budget you won't have to spend less this month because you have the money set
RiUdUUyyvck-00035-00016238-00016598 aside once you have your emergency fund built that's when you can start building
RiUdUUyyvck-00036-00016598-00017078 your sinking funds this goes great with those what-if moments so we have a
RiUdUUyyvck-00037-00017078-00017528 sinking fund category called home repair home maintenance and then car repair car
RiUdUUyyvck-00038-00017528-00018005 maintenance we put money a little bit aside each every month for those moments
RiUdUUyyvck-00039-00018005-00018541 when our wash machine breaks or we have to go get a new battery for our car
RiUdUUyyvck-00040-00018541-00019193 anything and everything kind of includes that new tires oil changes maintenance
RiUdUUyyvck-00041-00019193-00019589 that kind of stuff it's all in one of those categories so once you have your
RiUdUUyyvck-00042-00019589-00019994 emergency fund built then you can start being really prepared because you
RiUdUUyyvck-00043-00019994-00020411 already know hey at some point I'm gonna have to get new tires for my vehicle at
RiUdUUyyvck-00044-00020411-00020906 some point my ten-year-old fridge is going to go out on me so you're already
RiUdUUyyvck-00045-00020906-00021419 building for that so hopefully the goal is that when that happens you don't even
RiUdUUyyvck-00046-00021419-00021754 have to touch your emergency fund because you've already planned for that
RiUdUUyyvck-00047-00021754-00022190 with your sinking fund and if you don't know what a sinking fund is for how it
RiUdUUyyvck-00048-00022190-00022523 could really help your budget I will link a video that I did recently where I
RiUdUUyyvck-00049-00022523-00022919 share the basics of sinking funds with you so you can check that out I'll link
RiUdUUyyvck-00050-00022919-00023297 it in the cards and down below this video so you can get a good idea of what
RiUdUUyyvck-00051-00023297-00023759 a sinking fund is all about step two I need you to create an open dialogue with
RiUdUUyyvck-00052-00023759-00024182 your partner I've talked a lot about how to get on the same page with your spouse
RiUdUUyyvck-00053-00024182-00024604 have stopped fighting about money how to have those money dates and actually make
RiUdUUyyvck-00054-00024604-00025054 them constructive and efficient so that you can really make progress but the
RiUdUUyyvck-00055-00025054-00025616 idea of an open dialogue is just a benefit for you yourself so whenever
RiUdUUyyvck-00056-00025616-00026039 something really stressful is happening maybe you've got an unexpected dr. bill
RiUdUUyyvck-00057-00026039-00026416 that you thought your insurance was going to cover and now it's not or maybe
RiUdUUyyvck-00058-00026416-00026820 your car broke down in the middle of you know in the parking lot of your
RiUdUUyyvck-00059-00026820-00027147 and now you're having to deal with that how to get it to the repair shop what's
RiUdUUyyvck-00060-00027147-00027583 going on with it all those things that could possibly happen sometimes it's
RiUdUUyyvck-00061-00027583-00027880 really nice to just have someone to talk to about it
RiUdUUyyvck-00062-00027880-00028294 whether that be a partner or a parent a friend having someone even have an open
RiUdUUyyvck-00063-00028294-00028758 dialogue with is really the key to any kind of reducing your financial stress
RiUdUUyyvck-00064-00028758-00029397 for instance just having someone to listen so that you can vent and maybe
RiUdUUyyvck-00065-00029397-00029908 work out the details together or maybe you can just work them out by yourself
RiUdUUyyvck-00066-00029908-00030241 as you're talking to someone you can bounce ideas off of them it's really
RiUdUUyyvck-00067-00030241-00030787 nice to have someone who won't judge you and yet will be logical and realistic
RiUdUUyyvck-00068-00030787-00031207 when you try to share ideas with them step three is you need to be forgiving
RiUdUUyyvck-00069-00031207-00031636 you need to forgive yourself for those mishaps and those misjudgments and the
RiUdUUyyvck-00070-00031636-00032088 bad decisions because they're going to happen we are all human we all forget to
RiUdUUyyvck-00071-00032088-00032533 pay bills we all forget you know we swiped our card here and we forgot about
RiUdUUyyvck-00072-00032533-00033069 it and now we're running short and you know all those things happen it's going
RiUdUUyyvck-00073-00033069-00033391 to be inevitable so you need to start being forgiving you need to start being
RiUdUUyyvck-00074-00033391-00033916 so harsh on yourself because that's when more mistakes happen when you have one
RiUdUUyyvck-00075-00033916-00034266 mistake and you beat yourself up about it then more than likely you're gonna
RiUdUUyyvck-00076-00034266-00034630 make another mistake and another mistake and it's gonna be really hard for you to
RiUdUUyyvck-00077-00034630-00034978 dig yourself out of that hole so you need to stop and you need to just
RiUdUUyyvck-00078-00034978-00035443 realize a mistake has been made and you're going to move forward when we
RiUdUUyyvck-00079-00035443-00035758 talked about the step one is being prepared and planning for those what-ifs
RiUdUUyyvck-00080-00035758-00036178 that really helps you when you actually make a mistake because we know that it's
RiUdUUyyvck-00081-00036178-00036565 going to happen we know something's going to slip through the cracks we're
RiUdUUyyvck-00082-00036565-00036949 gonna get stressed we're gonna get busy we're life's gonna take over so when you
RiUdUUyyvck-00083-00036949-00037413 have built in a buffer for yourself with these what-ifs and emergency funds and
RiUdUUyyvck-00084-00037413-00037915 sinking funds then those mistakes are just distant memories you move on a lot
RiUdUUyyvck-00085-00037915-00038374 faster you bounce back a lot quicker because it doesn't disrupt your
RiUdUUyyvck-00086-00038374-00038784 day-to-day it doesn't disrupt your month it just means you
RiUdUUyyvck-00087-00038784-00039165 to push back a little bit harder but I want to know what is one area of your
RiUdUUyyvck-00088-00039165-00039600 life what's one area of your budget that really kind of just gives you a little
RiUdUUyyvck-00089-00039600-00040068 bit of anxiety even thinking about dealing with it is it your monthly bills
RiUdUUyyvck-00090-00040068-00040446 is that your debt is it your grocery bill what is it that gives you a little
RiUdUUyyvck-00091-00040446-00040860 bit of stress when you start planning and talking about it comment below this
RiUdUUyyvck-00092-00040860-00041366 video and let me know now you know how to deal with financial stress a little
RiUdUUyyvck-00093-00041366-00041823 bit easier it's all about being prepared having someone that you can talk to
RiUdUUyyvck-00094-00041823-00042156 about it when it actually comes up so that you can relieve some of that stress
RiUdUUyyvck-00095-00042156-00042675 and it's all about being forgiving forgiving yourself forgiving your
RiUdUUyyvck-00096-00042675-00043194 partner for giving your family whatever something happens that is a little bit
RiUdUUyyvck-00097-00043194-00043620 costly I hope you enjoyed this video and I want to know if you have an emergency
RiUdUUyyvck-00098-00043620-00044187 fund if you don't have an emergency fund grab my six month guide below this video
RiUdUUyyvck-00099-00044187-00044661 it is a great go to guide it helps break down that thousand dollars into a
RiUdUUyyvck-00100-00044661-00045171 monthly savings target for you and your family it even has ideas on where you
RiUdUUyyvck-00101-00045171-00045624 can come up with that money so fast and so easy grab that guide if
RiUdUUyyvck-00102-00045624-00046088 you need a little bit of boost when it comes to your mergency fund
RkjnOg2Esgo-00000-00001014-00001214 Hello welcome all, for a new video ...
RkjnOg2Esgo-00001-00001772-00002002 Today i do a card for friend birthday
RkjnOg2Esgo-00002-00003852-00004118 And i tryed to realise a card with this stamp ... I took 2 stamp set because i have offered one to my friend.
RkjnOg2Esgo-00003-00004140-00004270 perhaps not with all the set but with the majority
RkjnOg2Esgo-00004-00004680-00004932 Maybe i will take this but i don't know ...wait and see !
RkjnOg2Esgo-00005-00005600-00006058 For begining i will doing a frame so i cut the inside of this paper with a cutter :)
RkjnOg2Esgo-00006-00006600-00006800 So let's go ! we beggining
Rkl8fOBtMu0-00000-00000000-00000105 Refraction of Light
Rkl8fOBtMu0-00002-00001026-00001226 Medium 1 and Medium 2
Rkl8fOBtMu0-00003-00002548-00002748 Incident Ray
Rkl8fOBtMu0-00004-00003090-00003290 Refracted Ray
Rkl8fOBtMu0-00005-00004308-00004508 Normal
Rkl8fOBtMu0-00006-00005896-00006096 Angle of incidence
Rkl8fOBtMu0-00007-00006222-00006422 Angle of Refraction
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00000-00000654-00001128 Welcome to the MIT Bitcoin Expo 2021, the new normal.
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00001-00001128-00001473 We are excited to have a second slate of great speakers today
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00002-00001473-00001739 after an awesome slate of speakers yesterday.
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00003-00001739-00001932 And once again, we would like to thank
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00004-00001932-00002397 all our sponsors, our gold sponsors, Gather, Foundry,
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00005-00002397-00002764 Metrika, and Sia, and our silver sponsors, the Algorand
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00006-00002764-00003201 Foundation, Casa, and the Stellar Developer's Foundation.
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00007-00003201-00003364 I also want to thank my whole committee
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00008-00003364-00003592 for helping me organize this.
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00009-00003592-00003844 And we'll be back shortly to start off our day.
RkYYpZ9dTAY-00010-00003844-00004053 Thank you so much.
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00000-00001172-00001540 I want to honor the reason that we are here which is a
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00001-00001611-00002143 Simultaneously reporting on this research extension project, which is supported by sare, but also?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00002-00002214-00002549 address questions that that related to that project
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00003-00002549-00002897 But more generally to the use of microbial biostimulants
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00004-00002931-00003290 Can we take maybe two or three questions that are you came into the room with?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00005-00003311-00003671 About these products before we launch into the summary of the project
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00006-00003726-00004189 or should we just get into the project and let the chips fall so the question is and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00007-00004242-00004646 That'll get at the heart of the matter. Which is a great lead-in. That was not a plant question
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00008-00004842-00005398 Everyone has heard the statement you know more more microbes than a thimbleful of soils, and there are people on the earth, right
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00009-00005451-00005610 So what business do we have?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00010-00005610-00006218 Thinking that this small amount of pixie dust or whatever it is that we would have in a package or as
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00011-00006306-00006553 Manufactured from a derived from a compost tea
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00012-00006570-00006717 What business do we have?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00013-00006717-00007276 thinking that the small number of microbes are going to be and put into the soil at that time are gonna make any difference I
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00014-00007382-00007939 Mean what biological basis would we have for making that statement, or should we be worried that we're actually putting it
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00015-00008040-00008383 off oftentimes it's bacterial sometimes fungi sometimes both
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00016-00008442-00008861 We have to worry about any of these can what couldn't could my probes go bad
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00017-00008931-00009114 you know
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00018-00009114-00009370 To answer the first question what business do we have thinking?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00019-00009426-00009910 I've given a lot of talks on this particular topic about seven in the last three months in different places
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00020-00009969-00010169 six or so different states
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00021-00010251-00010826 Writing a lot about it talking to a lot of people about it the answer is maybe okay, the answer is it depends
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00022-00010899-00011070 The answer is that?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00023-00011070-00011708 Actually because we know we take an antibiotic or we we you know we use microbes in different ways that small amounts can matter
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00024-00011745-00012053 Right even though the background population is large and diverse
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00025-00012122-00012281 Can good microbes go bad
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00026-00012281-00012575 I don't know if there's any evidence of on that specifically and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00027-00012624-00013315 Most of the time the microbes that we are applying as an inoculant we're actually taken from soils to begin with or plants
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00028-00013368-00013904 Naturally-occurring communities, so they are ones that survive culture can be mass-produced
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00029-00014022-00014732 Packaged formulated applied and we hope to produce a desirable out come-to great questions, yeah
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00030-00014922-00015599 Paraphrasing when under what conditions do they work? You know if this continues we won't need a presentation. This is great. This is absolutely great
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00031-00015684-00016372 No those every every one of these topics is addressed at some point and I'm half tempted to just let the conversation go
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00032-00016452-00016620 When do they work?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00033-00016620-00016820 That's one of the largest running debates
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00034-00016833-00017380 Is it under is it in soils that are a bit compromised if you will lower health if you will or?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00035-00017427-00017743 Soils that are already operating at a really high productivity
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00036-00017805-00018000 You'll hear two narratives
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00037-00018000-00018694 you'll hear them both you'll hear they tend to be more more useful for a greater return on investment when
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00038-00018732-00019060 The soils are not as healthy as they could be for example
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00039-00019281-00019949 But there's another and that narrative by the way appears to be better supported by research based data, okay?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00040-00020073-00020564 The other narrative is no they can make an already really well-functioning system superior
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00041-00020715-00021200 That narrative is out there. It's it is shared by people who know quite a bit of them
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00042-00021200-00021530 I respect a lot and I would say that both can be true
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00043-00021623-00021922 It's not we don't have to have dualistic thing you know
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00044-00021993-00022409 Exclusive thinking here where you say it's got to be this or that it could be both
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00045-00022445-00023149 But the data are stronger for the former where it's the unhealthy patient so to speak that would benefit most from the inoculation
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00046-00023235-00023752 So I began my journey here actually Thursday night in Mansfield during that tempest of a storm
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00047-00023753-00023933 I went all the way up to Napoleon, Ohio
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00048-00023933-00024380 And I came down here for another talk and you these four questions have just made the journey really worthwhile
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00049-00024588-00024788 That's another often asked question
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00050-00024788-00024851 it's one, that's
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00051-00024851-00025387 That I have a lot of passion around because ultimately as you see on the yellow sheets and maybe the white sheets that are floating
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00052-00025388-00025958 Around is that we pay a lot of in my group we pay a lot attention to quality and particularly?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00053-00026010-00026527 Nutritional value and sensory properties anything that would influence somebody's desire to buy the product
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00054-00026562-00026813 Eat the product and then want to do that again
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00055-00026981-00027177 I'd say the results are mixed
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00056-00027177-00027299 Okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00057-00027299-00027797 there are definitely communities of people the swear by the
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00058-00027855-00028130 ability of these products to alter quality
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00059-00028233-00028642 But I'm not so sure if the data are from my standpoint all that convincing
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00060-00028643-00029083 And we just need to look at it more thoroughly so another great question so one more
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00061-00029160-00029524 Is there any research on forage production? It's a microbe so all the examples
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00062-00029525-00029807 I'm going to show this morning, and this project is built around vegetable production
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00063-00029807-00030340 But as is often true like we have here today. We have people interested in everything from soup to nuts right
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00064-00030420-00030703 animals and plants and different kinds of plants and animals the
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00065-00030825-00031354 I think the principles that I'm going to mention will apply to to agronomic systems Forge
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00066-00031413-00031760 And certainly to vegetables and the quick answer is yes, I mean there
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00067-00031760-00032143 There's there seems to be an emerging small, but emerging literature on that
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00068-00032208-00032422 okay great, so
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00069-00032532-00032795 You know we gonna stand somewhere to be out of the way
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00070-00032871-00033173 We've more or less accept that microbes most of the time are good
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00071-00033243-00033764 That a healthy and diverse soil community healthy and diverse soil microbial communities or what we're after
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00072-00033804-00034226 So on and so forth and that these microbial communities are often underutilized
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00073-00034401-00034601 This idea goes way way back
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00074-00034716-00035461 So called plant growth promoting raizo bacteria have been commercialized for nearly well since 1895 well over 100 years
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00075-00035577-00035884 Rhizobian documents were the first to be commercial okay?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00076-00035961-00036665 but here's the problem the problem is that we have a lot of enthusiasm over the potential benefits of inoculation I
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00077-00036780-00037193 Mean just this pent-up pent-up energy here it already here
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00078-00037272-00038057 But then there's a grand canyon between that enthusiasm and the resources to guide people in the use of the inoculants
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00079-00038208-00038408 Just there's a huge chasm there
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00080-00038460-00038686 So this is what the project attempts to address?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00081-00038772-00038919 and this is why
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00082-00038919-00039179 How I will explain what we're we're going about it
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00083-00039192-00039667 So for unlike other inputs the best evidence for the efficacy of these products is not in a public domain
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00084-00039668-00039950 You will unlikely find it on Google Scholar
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00085-00039993-00040607 You're unlikely to find it in other areas that you may look for quality information information
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00086-00040607-00040834 You can rely on it's just not out there
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00087-00040888-00041088 You have to dig and dig and dig
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00088-00041168-00041659 I often illustrate it this way this picture was actually taken to Michigan okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00089-00041696-00042382 Number of scientific journal articles and company reports, you know the power that you see evident in that picture versus little puddle of water
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00090-00042425-00042625 That's what we have by comparison
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00091-00042731-00043204 For the resources that you could use as growers to guide your use of microbial inoculants
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00092-00043227-00043543 So why is that all first off? There are a lot of them?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00093-00043697-00044407 We have counted as of as of November 2017 235 of these products that are just Omri listed
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00094-00044487-00044785 These are not the ones that are not on be listed ok
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00095-00044856-00045214 Although all of these thanks in part to their support all of these
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00096-00045266-00045625 Information all of these are at a web-based portal you can go there. It's free
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00097-00045625-00045919 Just click insert and sort and search and you can
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00098-00045938-00046543 Look for the look at products that may interest you and their composition is listed as well, so you've got a lot of these products
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00099-00046613-00046906 That's a 36% increase in two and a half years. I
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00100-00046977-00047347 Mean think about other items you use on the farm
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00101-00047450-00048199 And ask yourself if any of the options for those particular products have increased in number by 36% in two and a half years
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00102-00048215-00048415 The answer is likely to be no
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00103-00048450-00048706 So there's a proliferation of product
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00104-00048788-00049345 Now that's not a problem in an in and of itself okay. No many is not the problem
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00105-00049409-00049957 The problem is it's we're unclear on how to select them how to use them and how to evaluate their efficacy
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00106-00050009-00050251 So it's no problem to have you know many
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00107-00050252-00050653 It's just that we don't have a mechanism yet for selecting using and evaluating them
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00108-00050669-00051184 So that's what we're that's what we're trying to drive toward in this project particularly in
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00109-00051225-00051817 Providing information of the so-called third party type which in this case is you might know it's like there's no skin in the game
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00110-00051817-00052471 I and other University folks and others involved in the project we have no vested interest in the success of the product product
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00111-00052532-00052981 So anything we may say about it is just based on the numbers that we have in front of us, okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00112-00053010-00053407 So we're looking at look. We are in the process of developing this third party information
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00113-00053426-00053683 there's a friendly farmer friendly info and that's important because
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00114-00053787-00053961 these products
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00115-00053961-00054624 May work on only certain crops or be more effect on certain crops. There's what we call host specificity involved all
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00116-00054675-00055205 microbes do not form equally productive relationships with all crops and vice versa an
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00117-00055245-00055640 individual crop will not form a part of sociation with all microbes and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00118-00055716-00056132 The classic example, this is mycorrhizae and and Brassica crops
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00119-00056217-00056412 There's just no love there
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00120-00056412-00057176 Okay, they don't work together. So don't bother inoculating your current you your your Brassica crops with mycorrhizae. It just won't work
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00121-00057267-00057385 Okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00122-00057385-00058076 So as far as the as far as the the general and these are the you know the scientific names for which we have
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00123-00058137-00058754 Or for which there is the best data the most reliable data the most abundant data on their efficacy
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00124-00058754-00059049 it's definitely rhizobia on a legumes of course and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00125-00059116-00059441 Mycorrhizae except for on nebraska that we've kind of categorically
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00126-00059508-00060275 Indicated it doesn't work so as far as the spectrum of the strength of evidence regarding the effectiveness. It's really strong for rhizobia and mycorrhizae
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00127-00060541-00060741 And I
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00128-00060777-00061289 Think I jumped ahead of here all right, so it's best for those. Okay. We'll come back to some that are that are not yet
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00129-00061380-00061724 Currently the the sector is basically minimally
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00130-00061800-00062459 Regulated poorly regulated inconsistently regular, so we describe this as being the wild west of inputs out there, okay?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00131-00062497-00062904 And the system is the system for testing it was somewhat weak
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00132-00062976-00063209 We often have incomplete or vague labels
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00133-00063312-00063512 states vary and the
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00134-00063570-00063929 assertiveness if you will the consistency with which they regulate de labeling
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00135-00063987-00064367 Ohio for example is somewhat notoriously lacks in its
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00136-00064429-00064626 application of label
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00137-00064626-00065294 Restrictions and so forth so we find products on the market that literally don't specify what the product contains
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00138-00065341-00065612 But we have buku number of growers using them anyway
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00139-00065612-00066194 And I say that's kind of funny because I talk with growers all the time when they're like adamant that they know exactly
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00140-00066194-00066587 What's in the product but when it comes to microbes? They're special? I don't need to know
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00141-00066649-00066849 As microbes it's good, right?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00142-00066934-00067359 seriously, you know anyway incomplete laical labels
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00143-00067363-00067920 It's important to recognize that the products differ in their composition as you know if you've been looking at this carefully
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00144-00067965-00068567 You've got mixed inoculant so-called mixed inoculants with multiple species multiple general others that
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00145-00068587-00068787 Bring in so the so called uh
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00146-00068914-00069082 You know super team
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00147-00069082-00069716 superhero of a knock of genera and they put the three in the jug that you know are just like renowned
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00148-00069835-00070077 So there's different philosophies there by company
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00149-00070080-00070419 I want Wonder Woman or Spider Man or in a
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00150-00070426-00070829 Superman or there's I want the whole Avenger team because one of them is gonna work
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00151-00070900-00071100 You know that's the philosophy
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00152-00071203-00071474 Yeah, so we have this evidence, but we have
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00153-00071560-00072201 Somewhat strong, but weaker evidence for these five actually these four general in terms of their efficacy
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00154-00072301-00072439 Okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00155-00072439-00072846 And for many others we have very little evidence
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00156-00072970-00073695 I'm not saying it won't work. It's just that the evidence for their efficacy is lower is weaker so
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00157-00073819-00074253 It also means because there are so many that you know to advise people
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00158-00074302-00074699 Or to use them properly have to kind of become proficient at a new language
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00159-00074731-00075003 the microbiology like the language of microbiology
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00160-00075003-00075620 And I keep saying to manufacturers look people should not have to become trained microbiologist to make good use of these products
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00161-00075685-00075814 Okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00162-00075814-00076014 Just like one should not have to be an engineer
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00163-00076057-00076523 To work with a really we good week control implement little farmer knowledge goes a long way
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00164-00076579-00076779 but one should not have to have the
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00165-00076833-00077342 You know the capacity if you will of a design engineer to be able to work with a weed control implement
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00166-00077343-00077500 It's the same way with a microbe
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00167-00077500-00078146 microbial biostimulant so in that case though a little bit will help you if you do become proficient in the naming of
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00168-00078169-00078777 Organisms and what they do and their what what how they may associate with plants it will be very very helpful
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00169-00078853-00079112 Also their modes of action are subtle
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00170-00079237-00079965 They are not biocontrol agents, so let's start with that distinction. They are not agents that are going to kill or
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00171-00080173-00080775 Noticeably interrupt lifecycle kill an organism or notice interrupts its lifecycle prevent it from flourishing
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00172-00080803-00081104 It's not a put it on today and see the effect later on this afternoon
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00173-00081157-00081909 Or tomorrow morning kind of scenario the effects are some more subtle so they can be more difficult to on to
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00174-00082081-00082361 Determine the extent to which they're working
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00175-00082423-00083142 Okay in widespread trial in the results are case specific so the first question out of the gate was under what conditions
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00176-00083142-00083342 And then we have followed that up
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00177-00083344-00083670 On conditions and the yield increases are really about 5%
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00178-00083670-00083942 So let me let me start with the tiny bit of stats
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00179-00083943-00084552 And we'll this is gonna last maybe a minute or two and then we can move move forward. This is what we
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00180-00084616-00084816 Call a piano key
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00181-00084964-00085452 Representation of company trial reports forget that the number down here is unimportant
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00182-00085452-00086010 It's just that the company's done four hundred trials with a product by trial they put it out on four hundred different places
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00183-00086010-00086600 And they've recorded the percent yield of the increase over the control much like the selectivity quotient
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00184-00086656-00087102 It was described just a few minutes ago right so they inoculate a crop
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00185-00087102-00087437 And they record the yield of the inoculated portion
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00186-00087438-00087957 And you know on inoculated portion and then they calculate that and they represent it here
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00187-00087957-00088335 And they get this piano what they call piano key thing you know it's like spread out
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00188-00088366-00088664 Because some of them go from thirty percent to minus five percent
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00189-00088665-00089036 And then you come along as a grown you say what's the average response?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00190-00089098-00089298 They say well. It's about six percent
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00191-00089527-00090038 Its case specific, but guess what most growers experience the average about 15 percent of the time
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00192-00090220-00090489 85 percent of the time you're experiencing something other than the average
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00193-00090616-00090998 So the real question to ask is what is the most frequently occurring response?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00194-00091087-00091317 That's what the mode
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00195-00091411-00091743 The median is the one in the middle the average is the average
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00196-00091813-00092313 the average is a statistical phenomenon that you are unlikely to see very often and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00197-00092368-00092622 so what you're really curious about when you're
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00198-00092740-00093086 discussing an inoculant with the manufacturers number one
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00199-00093154-00093374 What's this? What's this graph look like?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00200-00093463-00093743 You know what shape does it have is it straight across the board?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00201-00093744-00094133 I mean just where do the numbers lie don't tell me the average
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00202-00094188-00094381 You know I'd like to see
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00203-00094381-00094551 the distribution
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00204-00094551-00095018 And I would like to see I'll understand the the mode, okay, so
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00205-00095074-00095657 That also feeds into okay, okay? Now. I have a potentially useful material here
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00206-00095674-00096212 What are the application ours you know the threshold for acceptability, and how are you gonna evaluate it the?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00207-00096292-00096492 Ours are the right timing?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00208-00096513-00096890 Placement rate and substance those are that that is irrespective of organic or conventional
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00209-00096979-00097508 You're gonna use something you're gonna under if you're going to apply something you're gonna want to at you're going to ask
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00210-00097549-00097958 When do I put it on how much of it do I put on where do I put it on and?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00211-00097995-00098582 And what do I put on so it's the same questions apply to these microbial inoculants?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00212-00098582-00099110 And we are just now scratching the surface in a systematic way with to develop that information
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00213-00099138-00099752 What are the threats thresholds for acceptability is that well I put it on it didn't do any harm, okay?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00214-00099752-00099952 Well, that's like a low bar
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00215-00099991-00100158 Maybe it helped a little
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00216-00100158-00100955 Okay, how often does it help and what we've come to understand is that most people use them as insurance policies their philosophy is
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00217-00101011-00101211 They're likely to have no harm
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00218-00101248-00101448 They may actually do some good
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00219-00101473-00101635 the cost of
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00220-00101635-00102026 Application is I can I can accept it what the heck
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00221-00102163-00102352 That's an insurance policy
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00222-00102352-00102935 But when they start scratching deeper, they see Wow gosh, I'm putting on $100 an acres worth of this stuff
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00223-00102981-00103181 Is it actually working for me?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00224-00103278-00103799 Do you need a positive and return on investment most of the time you know do you need statistical significance?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00225-00103897-00104451 Frequently we don't have it and by statistical significance the pointy-head of researchers in a group say you know well
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00226-00104451-00104732 It's the whiskers don't overlap and all that
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00227-00104883-00105107 Well that's an expression of variability right
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00228-00105159-00105453 so if there is no if
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00229-00105502-00106124 Statistical significance is not present it typically means there was a lot of variability a day and that goes back to that piano key diagram
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00230-00106216-00106336 Okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00231-00106336-00106536 how to evaluate the efficacy
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00232-00106547-00106966 There's a lot of perspectives to learn from here. We need criteria. We need methods
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00233-00106982-00107377 We need resources to do that and Sarah has been tremendously helpful with that so
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00234-00107560-00107791 We put all these positive and negative views together
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00235-00107873-00108183 Some, are you know this? There's this one, right?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00236-00108292-00108627 But there's no doubt that there's a lot of money being made on these products
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00237-00108770-00109228 this is you know you're talking about the number of people that use them and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00238-00109289-00109725 The value of the industry that's projected to reach you know 250 million
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00239-00109796-00110146 That's a lot of little applications going along away
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00240-00110288-00111018 So how do we help people benefit more reliable and convincingly when using these products? That's where Sarah has come in and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00241-00111146-00111531 Without that support we we definitely would not be in the position where we are
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00242-00111602-00111843 We've married that up the married that support up with
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00243-00111910-00112182 other support from our respective institutions and teams
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00244-00112253-00112360 to
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00245-00112360-00112956 Try you know to multiply the effort. We've also been very fortunate to work very closely with these four companies
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00246-00112957-00113078 I'm not stumping for them
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00247-00113078-00113583 I'm simply saying that when this project was discussed and in the planning phase and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00248-00113615-00114216 We were talking with so many people about what we should do and how and for whom and so forth that these four companies
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00249-00114224-00114466 emerged as real viable partners because they
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00250-00114517-00114960 understand the effort, and they want the effort okay, I'm
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00251-00115016-00115338 Hopeful, and you know there are 80 some companies in this arena
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00252-00115354-00115887 I'm hopeful that more of those will emerge, but these force these four step forward right away, okay?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00253-00115960-00116334 And these are some of the great people I get a chance to work with bonnie at the University of Tennessee
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00254-00116434-00117132 Carol with alpha Cebu and and Chris with OSU as well and two former employees of mine who really got the project
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00255-00117170-00117681 Helped to get the project rolling, but Julie is now a TOFA and Jung is now with UC Davis
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00256-00117770-00117970 so we now have Nicole as
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00257-00118004-00118506 Our program associate and Stephanie Short is our program assistant and both of them are
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00258-00118553-00119307 Instrumental in making things happen on a day to day basis so our work is integrated. We have equal parts extension and applied research
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00259-00119458-00119559 As
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00260-00119559-00119919 Apples we last year from 2015 to other 17
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00261-00119920-00120666 But we had on-farm evaluations in seven states on seven different crops involving ten different products in eight different companies
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00262-00120764-00120993 Throughout the north-central region and even outside of it
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00263-00121100-00121719 a lot of times that you know research involves flags if you can't if you're gonna do field research you're going to have flags so
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00264-00121720-00121978 We like to go out and populate field people's fields with flags
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00265-00122083-00122257 Usually there's a there's a brown
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00266-00122257-00122760 Gooey mixture somewhere along the way that gets a mixed up and then applied to the crop
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00267-00122760-00123219 It is either a drench or through the drip line, and we're doing this in open fields or high tunnels
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00268-00123383-00123583 Growers are collecting data
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00269-00123604-00123978 We we encourage them to do that. We give them guidance on how to do that
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00270-00124015-00124452 We can't of course force them to do that, but we really emphasize the need to write down
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00271-00124463-00124888 What happened to measure it somehow here? They're measuring lettuce?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00272-00125008-00125290 we're recruiting growers for this year, so
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00273-00125410-00125970 This postcard was just mailed out throughout the entire offal footprint anyway, and we're already
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00274-00126089-00126315 receiving quite a few contacts from growers
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00275-00126315-00126858 Who are interested in becoming a member of the of the testing team so to speak and you're?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00276-00126875-00127264 Pleased and please contact me or Nicole or Stephanie if you're interested as well
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00277-00127364-00128133 So we examine we include cities of product timing and rate. We are looking at yield and quality and the question I was asked earlier
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00278-00128260-00128449 quality being you know variously defined
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00279-00128449-00129246 But certainly we look at all the attributes that as many attributes as we can that would influence a buyers ability to sell the product
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00280-00129278-00129975 We also try to understand how the products work, and this is just an example of you know spinach petiole nitrate concentrations being measured
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00281-00130153-00130545 Carat internal/external color so if it's changes the color
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00282-00130591-00131229 It may be changing the pigment level that may have implications and nutritional value or or taste texture or aroma
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00283-00131303-00131709 for example, so we're trying to optimize and help optimize the products use and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00284-00131786-00132447 Discuss or at least get information on the interactions because often people say like hey, I just applied a fungicide did that kill my inoculant
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00285-00132526-00133098 I said oh, I wish I could tell you that for sure. What was it a bacterial inoculant?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00286-00133099-00133453 Yeah, well you're possibly safe. You know if it was a fungicide
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00287-00133511-00133738 but if it's a general biocide
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00288-00133823-00134098 Yeah, yeah, actually you may have just killed your own ocular
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00289-00134150-00134929 Okay, so we don't need to understand these these interactions because as we don't need a lecture on that everyone understands how the system was
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00290-00134929-00135159 Holistic and all the pieces have to fit together, right?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00291-00135233-00135796 Okay, so our extension is ongoing begin immediately day one, but it's been ongoing
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00292-00135857-00136341 We have this what we call a bugs in a drug web page if you're interested in this sort of thing you can go to
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00293-00136342-00136587 That webpage you can track what we're doing
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00294-00136664-00136864 Comment on it
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00295-00136892-00137502 And maybe pick up some useful information along the way we have a second website called the organic farming research network
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00296-00137503-00137889 This is like the world's longest URL. We're trying to shorten it but
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00297-00137981-00138181 yeah, so we
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00298-00138323-00138940 We put this there because it's kind of our blog --is-- version of the project where we can update very very easily okay?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00299-00138940-00139140 And as I mentioned this portal
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00300-00139238-00139588 We had conference calls last year three of them. Just about this time last year
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00301-00139588-00140121 We have three more coming the conference calls were really cool. I had in my mind's. Eye
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00302-00140122-00140644 I had like a radial program all about microbial by systems none doesn't that just sound like something?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00303-00140644-00140834 You'd like to spend an hour and a half on right
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00304-00140834-00141289 But 51 people did from all these states and from different walks of life and from
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00305-00141326-00141751 different levels of experience with the products really enthusiastic group
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00306-00141751-00142284 And so they just call in and we have the call staffed with what we call resource people
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00307-00142331-00142947 People dedicated to being on the call, and we just have a moderated conversation about the topic of the day
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00308-00143027-00143440 And we recorded them, and so now you can listen to them okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00309-00143447-00144223 So if you have a long drive to make and and unlimited data plan check it out tune in okay you can hear about
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00310-00144278-00144919 The topics of those days and we have three more coming March April and May so that announcement will be coming out soon
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00311-00144968-00145248 Officially, but all things are coming into place really nicely
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00312-00145265-00145719 we have a really top-flight group of resource people this time around and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00313-00145766-00146491 You know the recruitment of resource people went so smooth this year's just really nice because we had last year to reference okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00314-00146512-00146976 And that that's just uh just cool to see so this is the emerging list
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00315-00147038-00147508 some of these names you may know some you may not, but you if you scan them and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00316-00147560-00147900 And it's not even a complete list because some committed yesterday
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00317-00148010-00148215 What you see are University people?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00318-00148406-00148514 Mike
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00319-00148514-00148903 manufacturer or supplier folks and private and public sector consultants
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00320-00148946-00149027 Okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00321-00149027-00149623 with some familiarity with these products and the idea is to get them all in the same place at the same time talking about the
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00322-00149623-00149823 same thing and and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00323-00149837-00150020 Disagreement is okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00324-00150020-00150146 Okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00325-00150146-00150598 Growers will sort it out if they're given some help. They'll sort it out the disagreement is okay
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00326-00150598-00151131 There's no company line being touted here, so last year. This is the distribution of folks that were
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00327-00151193-00151498 I'm sorry. This is about the listserv. We now have a listserv
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00328-00151498-00151914 I mentioned the number of people on the calls last year, but the listserv
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00329-00151915-00152515 We've also launched, and I know that people have love-hate relationships with listservs, and it was mentioned earlier
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00330-00152515-00152737 They were they're really active we're not so active
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00331-00152810-00153591 This one I'd say is moderately active. Okay. It's still new but it grows in membership pretty consistently now. We're up to 168
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00332-00153674-00154242 in less than a year and it's got a pretty wide membership in terms of their walks of life and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00333-00154286-00154581 Again listservs if you know them and you work with them
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00334-00154582-00155028 We're using proper etiquette and one was mentioned earlier about with the chicken project fascinating stuff
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00335-00155090-00155290 They can be super helpful
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00336-00155339-00155620 Can be really helpful for people to reach others?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00337-00155660-00156288 Immediately by email who have then the opportunity to comment on something, so we've been a bunch of presentations
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00338-00156350-00156958 I mentioned this only because for those of us in the room right here right now right today representing wherever you are
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00339-00157049-00157797 You may know already, but I'll just leave no doubt. This is a topic of national interest some level. That's just this this
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00340-00157859-00158556 The sense that I'm getting that no matter what one goes just like mechanical we control any other topics that we're hearing about
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00341-00158735-00159370 Thankfully supported by Sayer, I mean we have some high-priority items here field days last year
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00342-00159650-00160134 Gentle articles it's collaborative. We try to use this approach with our collaboration
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00343-00160298-00160498 This is the outcome that we want
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00344-00160595-00160795 Both people being fed well
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00345-00160826-00161368 Scaled and calibrated local activity repeated across the region so this is where we were last year
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00346-00161447-00162090 That list is growing. We have six committed. I believe six committed already and basically the same states and more
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00347-00162212-00162631 We'd like to expand it and emphasize that we work outdoors and in high tunnels
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00348-00162737-00163225 And of course we're running our own evaluations at OA RDC as well along with the growers
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00349-00163283-00163818 So I mentioned this card if you're interested, and you didn't receive a card all you have to do is contact me
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00350-00163819-00164028 And so I'd say in summary
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00351-00164096-00164778 The the inputs have a lot of potential and clearly they're popular all we have to do is look at sales data
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00352-00164837-00165517 We don't need we don't need growers to say oh yeah. I'm we have sales data. We have other information indicate that they're
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00353-00165593-00165813 That they're popular those are two great assets
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00354-00165875-00166371 The concern that I have and others have I mean it's a working concern. It's not a negative concern
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00355-00166372-00166918 It's just that to actually strengthen their position in your toolbox. We need a lot more patience and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00356-00166988-00167302 Information, but what we need most of is information okay?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00357-00167321-00168000 So how do we capitalize on the obvious enthusiasm around the product around the idea of using my microbial inoculants?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00358-00168083-00168348 Take advantage of this crop microbe interaction of these
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00359-00168419-00168672 Crop microbe interactions how do we do all that?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00360-00168764-00169272 Offering a good economic return on investment, so if there is time for questions. I'll be glad to take them
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00361-00169518-00169647 Question is
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00362-00169647-00169847 Soil testing is routine and encouraged
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00363-00169908-00170480 Particularly of the nutrients is anyone developing a test for the microbial populations and the same soils
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00364-00170480-00170689 I think that's one of the yes
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00365-00170739-00171377 I don't know if any have really hit to my knowledge have really hit the market so to speak for a widespread use
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00366-00171423-00171767 A group in Ontario has I think has something going on
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00367-00171825-00171990 through the University of Guelph
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00368-00171990-00172483 has something going on I think everyone should pay very close attention to it's very much along those lines a
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00369-00172542-00172742 quick inexpensive
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00370-00172806-00172953 reliable
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00371-00172953-00173480 Assessment of so of microbial communities, I think that I mean the whole term Holy Grail was used earlier
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00372-00173544-00173747 for in grow wheat control
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00373-00173799-00174143 Yeah, yeah, yeah, we got a we got to keep that exclusive
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00374-00174143-00174343 So if there would be a second Holy Grail
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00375-00174348-00174982 It would be a test for soil microbial communities like you're talking about exactly so do the microbes that we apply through the inoculants persist
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00376-00174983-00175107 do they maintain and
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00377-00175107-00175310 Remain in the soil do we have to keep using them?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00378-00175422-00175631 another one of the most commonly asked questions
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00379-00175631-00176395 And I think the answer is the number as you might know there are ways of doing it, but the problem is the specificity
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00380-00176451-00177022 You know you can get total DNA. You can get total this you can get to it. You can run various tests, but
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00381-00177105-00177886 Until but to my knowledge there's no way to test for that exact organism, okay, without spending a huge amount of money
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00382-00177960-00178316 Now I will say that one of the grower co-operators, who?
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00383-00178329-00178880 Contacted us just a few days ago says I've been using Product X for 10 years on my farm here in Indiana
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00384-00178880-00179156 and I don't think it's working for me anymore I
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00385-00179214-00179443 Don't think I'm getting the benefit from it anymore. I
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00386-00179508-00180131 Said well, that's pretty interesting. You know interesting observation so now the test will be his the product
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00387-00180131-00180493 He's been using for ten years, alongside a product that he that's new to him
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00388-00180494-00180794 So I think there's something to that very much something to that question
Rmu_K1DZSdk-00389-00181511-00181711 You
RnMQtEzVcvI-00000-00000223-00000340 Section 7.
RnMQtEzVcvI-00001-00000340-00000971 On Tisha Ba'av and Yom HaKippurim, the hands should be washed three times on Shacharit,
RnMQtEzVcvI-00002-00000971-00001391 up to the place where the fingers attach to the hand, and should not be washed till the
RnMQtEzVcvI-00003-00001391-00001844 place where the hand attaches to the arm as is done every day, since according to the
RnMQtEzVcvI-00004-00001844-00002322 letter of the law, one must only wash up to the place where the fingers attach to the
RnMQtEzVcvI-00005-00002322-00002727 hand, and the custom to wash the hands each day till the location where the hand attaches
RnMQtEzVcvI-00006-00002727-00003402 to the arm, is a world custom, and on Yom HaKippurim when there is a prohibition in
RnMQtEzVcvI-00007-00003402-00003696 washing, one should abstain from this practice.
RnMQtEzVcvI-00008-00003696-00004169 And also, one who enters the lavatory to relieve himself is permitted to wash till the place
RnMQtEzVcvI-00009-00004169-00004414 where the fingers attach to the hand.
RnMQtEzVcvI-00010-00004414-00004869 And all the more so, when he wants to pray, as related to: "Prepare yourself to meet your
RnMQtEzVcvI-00011-00004869-00005030 G-d, Oh Israel."
RnMQtEzVcvI-00012-00005030-00005460 And a sick person that needs to eat breed on the day of Yom HaKippurim in accordance
RnMQtEzVcvI-00013-00005460-00005967 with the instruction of a Torah scholar, washes his hands till the place where the hand attaches
RnMQtEzVcvI-00014-00005967-00006067 to the arm.
RnMQtEzVcvI-00015-00006067-00006278 [Yalkut Yosef Festivals.
RnMQtEzVcvI-00016-00006278-00006981 The New Chazon Ovadia, On the Halachot of the Days of Awe, page 358, and page 310, and
RnMQtEzVcvI-00017-00006981-00007520 this is not similar to what was written in the Halacha above in Halichot Olam part 2
RnMQtEzVcvI-00018-00007520-00008102 (page 163), that on the 9'th of Av and Yom HaKippurim a sick person who eats should wash
RnMQtEzVcvI-00019-00008102-00008458 his hands till the place where the fingers attach to the hand only.
RnMQtEzVcvI-00020-00008458-00009114 But basically, the halacha is as was written in Yalkut Yosef Festivals, And in Chazon Ovadia,
RnMQtEzVcvI-00021-00009114-00009302 as mentioned above].
RnMQtEzVcvI-00022-00009302-00009452 End of section 7.
SoUPp_qBRKI-00000-00000000-00000615 Good morning Gabriel shaking warning to all the people
SoUPp_qBRKI-00001-00001150-00001350 Still waking up
SoUPp_qBRKI-00002-00001432-00001677 You can spit all over your crib right there, bud
SoUPp_qBRKI-00003-00001860-00002060 Say good morning everybody
SoUPp_qBRKI-00004-00002332-00002532 And there's a smile
SoUPp_qBRKI-00005-00002727-00002927 Yeah
SoUPp_qBRKI-00006-00002950-00003150 Yeah
SoUPp_qBRKI-00007-00003186-00003386 Good morning we got big plans today
SoUPp_qBRKI-00008-00003445-00003683 We're gonna tell you what any of them are in case
SoUPp_qBRKI-00009-00003775-00003975 none of them happen
SoUPp_qBRKI-00010-00004003-00004461 Ha ha ha so y'all just stay watch the whole video to see all the fun stuff
SoUPp_qBRKI-00011-00006043-00006461 Gabriel done. They're watching Julie's green room
SoUPp_qBRKI-00012-00006715-00007304 He likes that show Netflix show I'm having a piece of
SoUPp_qBRKI-00013-00007579-00008006 That terrible grocery store king cake I haven't tried it yet, so I can't say it was terrible or not
SoUPp_qBRKI-00014-00008006-00008207 but I'm pretty sure it's gonna because it's
SoUPp_qBRKI-00015-00008260-00008685 Solid as a rock. I heat I warmed it up in the heater, but they do add
SoUPp_qBRKI-00016-00008847-00009344 My own yellow sprinkles to it because as you can see by the box
SoUPp_qBRKI-00017-00009721-00010130 Mardi Gras colors are green purple and yellow actually the green purple and gold but
SoUPp_qBRKI-00018-00010314-00010514 There's no yellow sprinkles
SoUPp_qBRKI-00019-00010663-00010863 On the King king, it's just
SoUPp_qBRKI-00020-00010914-00011114 purple and green so I
SoUPp_qBRKI-00021-00011190-00011612 Don't know I mean it sound like they could they didn't know cuz it's all over the box
SoUPp_qBRKI-00022-00011613-00011990 There's yellow all over the box anyway. I'm gonna make one this weekend. That's
SoUPp_qBRKI-00023-00012088-00012822 Not traditional, but it's something that I've been doing for a little while it's pretty pretty delicious King cake and try to do pro leans
SoUPp_qBRKI-00024-00013036-00013702 Probably in King cake using crescent rolls, so if you can't tell I like to use crescent rolls, but anyway
SoUPp_qBRKI-00025-00013754-00013952 I'm gonna try this and see
SoUPp_qBRKI-00026-00013952-00014602 Give it my official judgement quick update the king cake was edible. I was really ready kind of thick
SoUPp_qBRKI-00027-00014602-00014851 There's a lot like you've you ever got like a generic cinnamon roll
SoUPp_qBRKI-00028-00014969-00015727 You know a lot of bread a little bit of cinnamon plain white icing I mean it tasted good
SoUPp_qBRKI-00029-00015727-00016099 But it's not a king cake so it was edible
SoUPp_qBRKI-00030-00016310-00016890 Gabriel disapproves all right I got to eat now Gabriel's eaten before we
SoUPp_qBRKI-00031-00017018-00017254 Get our day underway you
SoUPp_qBRKI-00032-00017411-00017611 Saying hi to everybody
SoUPp_qBRKI-00033-00017666-00018027 It's activity number one on our whole day of things to do
SoUPp_qBRKI-00034-00018128-00018328 Going down to the park
SoUPp_qBRKI-00035-00018404-00018762 We're not going to the playground part. We're just gonna go over here to the grass
SoUPp_qBRKI-00036-00018854-00018977 by the
SoUPp_qBRKI-00037-00018977-00019172 pond
SoUPp_qBRKI-00038-00019172-00019328 and do a little
SoUPp_qBRKI-00039-00019328-00019528 walking in the wild
SoUPp_qBRKI-00040-00019538-00019821 He had a really good time with that last weekend
SoUPp_qBRKI-00041-00019910-00020110 So I thought it'd be a good thing to do today
SoUPp_qBRKI-00042-00020303-00020503 Yeah helped wear him out
SoUPp_qBRKI-00043-00020854-00021054 Not doing any walking
SoUPp_qBRKI-00044-00021406-00021606 Kid loves grass
SoUPp_qBRKI-00045-00022909-00023709 So probably about 30 seconds after we got down there this one pooped his pants oh
SoUPp_qBRKI-00046-00024016-00024638 So brought him home changed his diaper, and now we're just gonna walk around the front yard for a little while
SoUPp_qBRKI-00047-00024841-00025121 Cuz I don't want to have to walk all the way back to that Park
SoUPp_qBRKI-00048-00025623-00025952 Yeah, we're gonna have just as much fun in our front yard as we can at the park
SoUPp_qBRKI-00049-00027379-00027668 Huh sad cross, huh
SoUPp_qBRKI-00050-00028606-00028806 Look at that
SoUPp_qBRKI-00051-00029814-00030014 You having fun
SoUPp_qBRKI-00052-00034902-00035287 Well we got nice and worn out while you're playing outside in the front yard
SoUPp_qBRKI-00053-00035287-00035803 So now Gabriel's down for a nap which is a good thing because the next thing I wanted to get done today is kind of
SoUPp_qBRKI-00054-00035811-00036097 Involved I'm gonna make a king cake
SoUPp_qBRKI-00055-00036188-00036388 this weekend to
SoUPp_qBRKI-00056-00036408-00036697 kind of redeem myself for the
SoUPp_qBRKI-00057-00036834-00037123 The king fake I bought at the grocery store
SoUPp_qBRKI-00058-00037366-00037566 So making crescent roll king cake
SoUPp_qBRKI-00059-00037712-00037975 And it's gonna be kind of a proline
SoUPp_qBRKI-00060-00038034-00038353 filling which there are only if you're not going to get a
SoUPp_qBRKI-00061-00038400-00038953 Regular king cake there are only two acceptable fillings in my opinion, and that's probably n-- and
SoUPp_qBRKI-00062-00039050-00039280 Cream cheese, and I don't even
SoUPp_qBRKI-00063-00039341-00039610 particularly enjoy cream cheese that much but
SoUPp_qBRKI-00064-00039668-00040324 If I don't do the apples and the cherries and all the different berry flavored thing. That's all good
SoUPp_qBRKI-00065-00040340-00040702 There's a time and a place for it king cake is not it so
SoUPp_qBRKI-00066-00040755-00041308 This weekend I'm gonna make the king cake the crescent roll king cake and I need problems
SoUPp_qBRKI-00067-00041381-00041662 for the filling so today, I'm going to
SoUPp_qBRKI-00068-00041738-00041938 make prawns
SoUPp_qBRKI-00069-00041972-00042343 I'm going to attempt to make Pauline's because if you've never made problems before you too
SoUPp_qBRKI-00070-00042343-00042889 probably don't know that they are incredibly difficult, or if you have made them, then you do know that they're incredibly difficult, so
SoUPp_qBRKI-00071-00043016-00043450 I'm gonna attempt to do that also just so you know if the first thing you thought was
SoUPp_qBRKI-00072-00043461-00043706 He called it a problem and not a praline
SoUPp_qBRKI-00073-00043775-00044137 That I have some bad news for you. It's pronounced prolly not
SoUPp_qBRKI-00074-00044205-00044405 praline
SoUPp_qBRKI-00075-00048183-00048446 All right pralines are done
SoUPp_qBRKI-00076-00048972-00049483 Even tastes good, so I got Pauline's for snack
SoUPp_qBRKI-00077-00049611-00049746 pralines
SoUPp_qBRKI-00078-00049746-00049954 put the filling on my of my
SoUPp_qBRKI-00079-00050010-00050467 King cake so I'm gonna crumble that up, and I'll sprinkle it in and I'll show you guys this weekend
SoUPp_qBRKI-00080-00050468-00051016 How I'm gonna do that, but that's done now. I've got to inhale some lunch before Gabriel wakes up from his nap
SoUPp_qBRKI-00081-00060696-00061346 So we're up and moving again just a little background on what you just saw other than it being adorable baby laughs
SoUPp_qBRKI-00082-00061476-00061816 the sound ghee ghee
SoUPp_qBRKI-00083-00061967-00062395 Was the first noise that he made associated with happiness
SoUPp_qBRKI-00084-00062610-00062971 He would he would make that and then smile real big and
SoUPp_qBRKI-00085-00063051-00063410 Giggle and stuff like that and so every time we made the noise back to him
SoUPp_qBRKI-00086-00063410-00063794 He would smile and giggle and everything and it's over a year later
SoUPp_qBRKI-00087-00063794-00064258 He still does it like if I go G down his face. He bursts out laughing it
SoUPp_qBRKI-00088-00064344-00064682 admittedly it's a funny noise, but or sound but
SoUPp_qBRKI-00089-00064851-00065450 It almost never fails if we need him to start laughing you kind of get down in his face and start making that noise
SoUPp_qBRKI-00090-00070210-00070410 Gabriel's a little fussy tonight
SoUPp_qBRKI-00091-00070999-00071255 Just tap him to go to bed, and then we get to make dinner
SoUPp_qBRKI-00092-00071398-00072089 What are we having for dinner mama pancakes the best kind of dinner there is breakfast?
SoUPp_qBRKI-00093-00073162-00073631 Captain crankypants has retired to his quarters. We got the
SoUPp_qBRKI-00094-00073830-00074030 Pancake griddle ready to go
SoUPp_qBRKI-00095-00074068-00074441 We're about to make some bacon and eggs and pancakes yeah
SoUPp_qBRKI-00096-00074520-00075047 So if you liked this video be sure to give it a thumbs up if you didn't like this video give it a thumbs up
SoUPp_qBRKI-00097-00075048-00075138 anyway
SoUPp_qBRKI-00098-00075138-00075728 Please comment tell us what you think you know before positive comments, but if you gotta say something negative I understand
SoUPp_qBRKI-00099-00075799-00075997 Be sure to subscribe
SoUPp_qBRKI-00100-00075997-00076706 Cuz we got like 20 days to get 800 something subscribers. There's a time limit. Yeah
SoUPp_qBRKI-00101-00076710-00076910 Oh, it's penalty so
SoUPp_qBRKI-00102-00076948-00077118 I'm kidding
SoUPp_qBRKI-00103-00077118-00077327 we're nowhere near being monetized but
SoUPp_qBRKI-00104-00077427-00078014 We are we did break the nine thousand view mark so if YouTube hadn't changed its rules
SoUPp_qBRKI-00105-00078014-00078257 We would be really close to being monetized
SoUPp_qBRKI-00106-00078316-00078487 so
SoUPp_qBRKI-00107-00078487-00078990 Milestones there anyway. Thank you for watching, and we will see you guys next time
S0xbTnZbk1y-00000-00000567-00001509 Jeremy McConnell sent a birthday message to his son Caben on Saturday, in which he vowed to be reunited with the tot following his stint in prison
S0xbTnZbk1y-00001-00001626-00002981 As he rang in the tot's first birthday, his ex-girlfriend Stephanie Davis also shared a message in which she appeared to make a dig at the star as she commented on 'one becoming two' - in a clear not of excluding Jeremy from the message
S0xbTnZbk1y-00002-00003098-00004414 The 27-year-old Beauty School Cop Outs star shared a sweet throwback clip with his son while adding the caption: 'Happy birthday son shame I can't be there see you soon' while Stephanie shared a trio of clips of then together
S0xbTnZbk1y-00003-00004531-00005675 Scroll down for video  Stephanie meanwhile posted: 'HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO MY BEAUTIFUL BABY BOY!!!! ONE TODAY!!!! I cannot believe it!! Where has the time gone!!?? 
S0xbTnZbk1y-00004-00005792-00007051 'I'm so proud of you and the beautiful caring, loving, cheeky little monkey clever stunninggg little boy you are This time last year, when One became two love you so much baby, lots of love Mummyxxxx'
S0xbTnZbk1y-00005-00007168-00008405 Aside from her wellwishes to her son, it has been  Stephanie has a new boyfriend who has now been unveiled as long-haired hunk Jacob Gill, who she has been friends with for 'a while', according to The Sun
S0xbTnZbk1y-00006-00008522-00009534 The former CBB star has remained coy about her reported new romance, keeping her man's identity under wraps despite fans pleading with her to tell them.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00007-00009651-00010223 A source told The Sun Online: 'It's early days but Steph is really happen
S0xbTnZbk1y-00008-00010340-00010768 She's known Jacob for a while, he's a good man.'
S0xbTnZbk1y-00009-00010885-00011817 Jacob's own profile picture on  shows the pair cuddling up together, with Stephanie planting a kiss on his forehead as he flashes a beaming smile
S0xbTnZbk1y-00010-00011934-00012463 Stephanie has been single since ended her turbulent relationship with Jeremy.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00011-00012580-00013147 MailOnline has contacted Jeremy and Stephanie's representatives for comment
S0xbTnZbk1y-00012-00013265-00014625 Updating her account on Monday evening, the former Hollyoaks star shared an untitled 'Crush Quote' with her 825,000 followers, detailing the heady impact of speaking to someone you are instantly attracted to.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00013-00014741-00015274 'So there's this boy, and the way he laughs makes me smile,' it read
S0xbTnZbk1y-00014-00015391-00015963 'And the way he talks gives me butterflies, and everything about him makes me happy.'
S0xbTnZbk1y-00015-00016080-00017084 Tellingly, the actress also changed her  profile to an indistinct black and white image of an unidentified man lounging on a sofa with a phone pressed to his ear.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00016-00017201-00018304 Fans were quick to comment on her latest post, with one writing: ''Awwww so this is where you've been! So happy for you and what a turnaround.'
S0xbTnZbk1y-00017-00018421-00019104 Another wrote: 'So happy for you Steph your and Caben deserve the best love you.' (sic)
S0xbTnZbk1y-00018-00019221-00020369 However others suggested the post was in fact a reference to 11-month old Caben Albi, her only child with convicted criminal McConnell, who celebrates his birthday in February.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00019-00020486-00021380 'I'm guessing that boy calls you mumma,' wrote one, while another added: 'U haven't put any pics on of yr son lately?' (sic)
S0xbTnZbk1y-00020-00021497-00022293 A third commented: 'Awww missed you posting but just want to say Happy Birthday to Caben-Albi!'
S0xbTnZbk1y-00021-00022410-00023191 'Pretty sure she is talking about her little man, what a fantastic mumma keep doing what you are doing girl,' wrote another.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00022-00023308-00024423 Stephanie recently denied reports that she is 'extremely upset' following McConnell's release from prison after serving 34 days behind bars for missing community service.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00023-00024540-00025991 In a message shared on  via her representatives, she wrote: 'A source close to Steph denied she was upset and said: 'She has no thoughts or feelings regarding him and has not made any such comment to anyone so whoever has said that is untrue''.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00024-00026108-00027475 McConnell, who had an 18-week suspended sentence activated after breaching the 200-hour community service handed to him for assaulting Stephanie, is said to be in 'good spirits' and has even commented on 's**t prison food'.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00025-00027592-00028692 The Irish model had been given the suspended sentence after a high-profile trial where he was found guilty of attacking Stephanie at her home in Rainhill, Merseyside in March.
S0xbTnZbk1y-00026-00028808-00029122 During proceedings in August,
S3T5O6cmY2u-00000-00001386-00001586 **flush**
S3cm5BYru8M-00000-00000793-00000993 Nonk pray to Dharma At wat langka Wat Langka
S57UHkHO2x4-00000-00000270-00000500 Hey Patreon streaming members! Thank you again for supporting me and my channel.
S57UHkHO2x4-00001-00000620-00000919 This Friday, I'm going to be doing a live coding session with some Q&A
S57UHkHO2x4-00002-00001040-00001300 And I wanted to get some feedback and some kind of questions y'all have about Koype and where the project can go.
S57UHkHO2x4-00003-00001430-00001500 One question I have been getting a lot
S57UHkHO2x4-00004-00001520-00001767 Is "How do you pronounce it?"
S57UHkHO2x4-00005-00001768-00002020 It's "KOH PAY", think of like copy but instead with a 'K'
S57UHkHO2x4-00006-00002020-00002385 It's a whole thing. So questions could go in the scope of, you know
S57UHkHO2x4-00007-00002385-00002490 "what is the user interface going to look like"?
S57UHkHO2x4-00008-00002510-00002913 "How easy do you plan to have it setup?" "Who's it for?"
S57UHkHO2x4-00009-00002930-00003270 Things of that nature. So shoot me a message directly, we'll talk and yeah
S57UHkHO2x4-00010-00003270-00003650 Hope to see you there on Friday. And if you miss it, it's okay; I'll have a recap
S57UHkHO2x4-00011-00003650-00003900 As well as a transcript so it'll be easy for you to check it out
S57UHkHO2x4-00012-00003900-00004000 Cool. See you then!
S7I2xGfqMDQ-00000-00000048-00000752 i have lost one view from my, i've removed all of my subscriptions to reduce load video.
S7I2xGfqMDQ-00001-00000808-00001639 now this is because if, if one view gets unlucky, it gets removed, resulting in a negative one views
S7I2xGfqMDQ-00002-00001639-00002432 on this subscription or the real time views feed, and when i see those, i immediately upload a video.
S85_dfg8U14-00001-00000443-00000942 Hi. This is a letter which me  and my classmates wrote
S85_dfg8U14-00002-00000963-00001203 to access Wikipedia for free.
S85_dfg8U14-00003-00001300-00001492 It goes as follows
S85_dfg8U14-00004-00001505-00001939 Open letter to Cell C, MTN,  Vodacom, and 8ta
S85_dfg8U14-00005-00001971-00002318 We are learners in Grade 12 at Sinenjongo High School,
S85_dfg8U14-00006-00002390-00002616 Joe Slovo Park, Milnerton, Cape Town.
S85_dfg8U14-00007-00002635-00002925 We recently heard that in  some other African countries,
S85_dfg8U14-00008-00002926-00003115 like Kenya and Uganda,
S85_dfg8U14-00009-00003123-00003322 cell phone providers are offering
S85_dfg8U14-00010-00003339-00003689 their customers free access to Wikipedia.
S85_dfg8U14-00011-00003703-00003908 We think this is a wonderful idea
S85_dfg8U14-00012-00003910-00004229 and would really like to  encourage you also
S85_dfg8U14-00013-00004230-00004458 to make the same offer  here in South Africa.
S85_dfg8U14-00014-00004492-00004721 Our school does not have a library.
S85_dfg8U14-00015-00004737-00004945 Ninety percent of us have cell phones
S85_dfg8U14-00016-00004987-00005251 but it is expensive  for us to buy airtime,
S85_dfg8U14-00017-00005300-00005553 so if we could get free  access to Wikipedia,
S85_dfg8U14-00018-00005559-00005793 it would make a huge  difference to us.
S85_dfg8U14-00019-00005800-00006039 Normally, when we do research,
S85_dfg8U14-00020-00006040-00006276 Wikipedia is one of the best sites,
S85_dfg8U14-00021-00006276-00006650 and there is information on  just about every topic.
S85_dfg8U14-00022-00006700-00007104 Think of the boost that it  will give us as students
S85_dfg8U14-00023-00007129-00007457 and to the whole educational  system of South Africa.
S85_dfg8U14-00024-00007458-00007731 Our education system needs help
S85_dfg8U14-00025-00007770-00007963 and having access to Wikipedia
S85_dfg8U14-00026-00007990-00008258 would make a very positive difference.
S85_dfg8U14-00027-00008300-00009310 Thank you.
S85_dfg8U14-00028-00009320-00009500 Enkosi.
S85_dfg8U14-00029-00009510-00009650 Thank you.
S85_dfg8U14-00030-00009674-00009850 Thank you.
SqwrsLwZmLg-00000-00000026-00000160 Ahh, so itchy...
SqwrsLwZmLg-00001-00000294-00000394 So itchy...
SqwrsLwZmLg-00002-00000509-00000688 Can you hear it?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00003-00000882-00001286 This is an ASMR video
SqwrsLwZmLg-00004-00002848-00003068 Hey guys, it's Amejin!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00005-00003084-00003472 I'm so excited right now!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00006-00003478-00003647 SO EXCITED
SqwrsLwZmLg-00007-00003678-00003822 Like, this week
SqwrsLwZmLg-00008-00003854-00004078 something really good is going to happen
SqwrsLwZmLg-00009-00004110-00004630 I was thinking that I really need to study Japanese more
SqwrsLwZmLg-00010-00004916-00005232 I guess I'll make a video every day this week!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00011-00005294-00005508 Or at least, that's what I was thinking
SqwrsLwZmLg-00012-00005550-00005732 I wonder if I can do it
SqwrsLwZmLg-00013-00005774-00005912 Well, I guess I can
SqwrsLwZmLg-00014-00005950-00006126 Why not?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00015-00006186-00006306 WHY NOT?!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00016-00006332-00006494 Everyday this week
SqwrsLwZmLg-00017-00006516-00006731 I will make a video and upload it!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00018-00007634-00007842 Man, I wish I could be Naruto...
SqwrsLwZmLg-00019-00007850-00008094 At any rate, I'll try my best!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00020-00008118-00008316 I'll definitely make an attempt
SqwrsLwZmLg-00021-00008330-00008522 And now for today's topic
SqwrsLwZmLg-00022-00008542-00008844 I want to discuss someone named "Mira"
SqwrsLwZmLg-00023-00008876-00009010 Who's Mira?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00024-00009014-00009158 Who's MIRA??
SqwrsLwZmLg-00025-00009162-00009464 WHO IS MIRA?!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00026-00009478-00009570 Mira
SqwrsLwZmLg-00027-00009584-00010036 She also goes by "kanadajin3"
SqwrsLwZmLg-00028-00010066-00010384 She's... well......
SqwrsLwZmLg-00029-00010398-00010670 There's a lot of drama that surrounds her
SqwrsLwZmLg-00030-00010812-00011214 I don't really like the drama,
SqwrsLwZmLg-00031-00011246-00011558 but something happened recently
SqwrsLwZmLg-00032-00011628-00012084 and I'm really against it
SqwrsLwZmLg-00033-00012084-00012272 Here's what I'm talking about
SqwrsLwZmLg-00034-00012632-00013210 Yup. Mira's Japanese YouTube channel
SqwrsLwZmLg-00035-00013254-00013696 In this channel's biography
SqwrsLwZmLg-00036-00013710-00014146 What is it in Japanese? I'm not sure? "bee-oh"? I have no idea, lol
SqwrsLwZmLg-00037-00014156-00014524 Take a look at this part specifically:
SqwrsLwZmLg-00038-00015172-00015478 < "I am a 27 year-old Japanese person" >
SqwrsLwZmLg-00039-00015610-00015762 What?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00040-00015832-00015976 What is that?!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00041-00015990-00016126 You're Japanese?!?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00042-00016154-00016350 You aren't Japanese!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00043-00016368-00016714 I was like, "Duuuuudddee, what the freeaaakk!"
SqwrsLwZmLg-00044-00016720-00016916 You're kidding me!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00045-00017308-00017522 Sorry, I was speaking in Hiroshima dialect
SqwrsLwZmLg-00046-00017544-00017648 I love it...
SqwrsLwZmLg-00047-00017706-00018330 But I think she's a little crazy
SqwrsLwZmLg-00048-00018496-00018618 Maybe
SqwrsLwZmLg-00049-00018618-00018844 There are even times when I  can't understand her English!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00050-00018844-00019076 What are you saying?! Are you okay?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00051-00019076-00019210 Are you alright in the head?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00052-00019210-00019364 ARE YOU ALRIGHT IN THE HEAD?!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00053-00019382-00019510 I don't really get her
SqwrsLwZmLg-00054-00019540-00019780 I don't want to say anything bad about her
SqwrsLwZmLg-00055-00019780-00019934 but this is unacceptable
SqwrsLwZmLg-00056-00019952-00020180 UNACCEPTABLE
SqwrsLwZmLg-00057-00020246-00020642 Why did you say you were Japanese?!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00058-00020654-00020894 You're not Japanese
SqwrsLwZmLg-00059-00021008-00021196 Isn't this weird?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00060-00021222-00021708 Like, why is a non-Japanese  calling themselves Japanese?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00061-00021718-00021854 I'm so confused
SqwrsLwZmLg-00062-00021892-00022172 But, you know, I verified
SqwrsLwZmLg-00063-00022178-00022344 Did a pretty good job too
SqwrsLwZmLg-00064-00022356-00022884 I simply asked her on Twitter
SqwrsLwZmLg-00065-00022884-00023032 Here's what went down:
SqwrsLwZmLg-00066-00023630-00023894 And now for her reply:
SqwrsLwZmLg-00067-00024422-00024620 That's right~~
SqwrsLwZmLg-00068-00024894-00025184 I saw that and I was like, "Huh?!"
SqwrsLwZmLg-00069-00025240-00025588 Then why are you saying that you're Japanese?!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00070-00025748-00026245 I'm just... I'm just....... so......
SqwrsLwZmLg-00071-00026248-00026608 ...so confused... so confused.........
SqwrsLwZmLg-00072-00026614-00026950 What do you guys think? Is it acceptable?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00073-00026970-00027116 Is it strange?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00074-00027124-00027356 Is it a bad thing to lie?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00075-00027356-00027480 This is a lie, right?
SqwrsLwZmLg-00076-00027492-00027580 It's a lie!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00077-00027589-00027772 A LIE, I SAY!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00078-00027804-00028022 Sorry, I spoke in Hiroshima dialect again
SqwrsLwZmLg-00079-00028054-00028236 Ahh, I miss Hiroshima...
SqwrsLwZmLg-00080-00028256-00028486 I miss West Japan...
SqwrsLwZmLg-00081-00028486-00028926 If you guys have any interesting comments,  please leave them below!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00082-00028933-00029314 Please also like and subscribe!
SqwrsLwZmLg-00083-00029318-00029489 Bye bye! Peace guys
SqTBxFix7Ok-00000-00000408-00000571 Tell us about yourself.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00001-00000571-00001184 Yes. I have a somewhat unusual background. I started with a PhD in nuclear physics but
SqTBxFix7Ok-00002-00001184-00001711 was never able to turn that into employment. So through a variety of random walks, I ended
SqTBxFix7Ok-00003-00001711-00002318 up in the new medical school of McMaster, doing research in medical education. Pretty
SqTBxFix7Ok-00004-00002318-00002925 well unqualified to do so, but over time I've learned a few tricks of the trade, and over
SqTBxFix7Ok-00005-00002925-00003369 the last few years I've managed to call myself a psychologist.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00006-00003369-00003722 So nuclear physics—that's quite a step.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00007-00003722-00004208 Yes, it was an easy step towards things like measurement and statistics because you had
SqTBxFix7Ok-00008-00004208-00004801 to know a little bit of mathematics to do physics, but learning how to be a decent psychologist
SqTBxFix7Ok-00009-00004801-00005190 and do decent research in psychology did take an awful lot longer and took a few very good
SqTBxFix7Ok-00010-00005190-00005605 mentors, like my dear colleague Lee Brooks.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00011-00005605-00006305 Yes. So part of the research that that you do—I suppose, in medical education, at a
SqTBxFix7Ok-00012-00006588-00007288 level, what it's based on, is categorization, is diagnoses. How do people generally diagnose?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00013-00007433-00008031 I mean, it's really kind of categorization problem, isn't it? What is categorization,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00014-00008031-00008312 more generally, and how do people do it?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00015-00008312-00008850 Well, before we get there, let me back up a second and give you an idea as to how we got into this mess.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00016-00008850-00009320 I was originally hired to look at clinical problem-solving, and the idea was the diagnosis
SqTBxFix7Ok-00017-00009320-00009908 was not a categorization task. It was really a matter of some kind of problem-solving skill.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00018-00009908-00010560 Our initial quest was to go after some kind of general skills that people acquired as they became experts.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00019-00010567-00010985 What emerged even back then in the late '70s was that in fact the general skill really
SqTBxFix7Ok-00020-00010985-00011324 wasn't very general. At one level, it was too general and that everybody did it the
SqTBxFix7Ok-00021-00011324-00011822 same so that it didn't discriminate experts from novices. At another level, it was too
SqTBxFix7Ok-00022-00011822-00012280 specific because success on one problem had very little to do with success on the next problem.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00023-00012289-00012364 Right.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00024-00012364-00012799 That led to thinking about, well, maybe this isn't the way to characterize it at all. Yes,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00025-00012799-00013353 you're absolutely right—diagnosis is a form of categorization. I think, for me personally,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00026-00013353-00013778 the breakthrough was to work with people at McMaster who were really into what is called
SqTBxFix7Ok-00027-00013778-00014469 concept formation or categorization. Some of the models about everyday categorization
SqTBxFix7Ok-00028-00014469-00014934 really had enormous power in explaining medical diagnosis.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00029-00014934-00015499 So to go back to your initial question—historically, psychologists had been interested in categorization
SqTBxFix7Ok-00030-00015499-00016088 because it's the basis of communication. I can't talk about a tree or a dog or a cat
SqTBxFix7Ok-00031-00016088-00016780 or a butterfly unless I have some sense as and you have the same sense as to what the term "butterfly" stands for.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00032-00016781-00017329 So categorization, I think, has a long history in psychology. I think it's fair to say that,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00033-00017329-00017702 initially, the thinking was that there must be some implicit rules that governed each
SqTBxFix7Ok-00034-00017702-00018244 category, but a moment's reflection on, say, a beanbag chair tells you that the implicit
SqTBxFix7Ok-00035-00018244-00018586 rules of chairs are unlikely to be necessary and sufficient.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00036-00018586-00019230 Right. So what makes a chair a chair is normally, someone would think, four legs, maybe wooden
SqTBxFix7Ok-00037-00019230-00019870 chair, but that sort of rule might not be all encompassing. It might not define what
SqTBxFix7Ok-00038-00019870-00020052 everyone means by a chair, I suppose.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00039-00020052-00020415 No rule will encompass what everyone means by every kind of chair because you have to
SqTBxFix7Ok-00040-00020415-00020781 consider all sorts of possible legs, including none at all.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00041-00020781-00020953 Yes, or cats or dogs.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00042-00020953-00021495 Or cats or dogs and so on. I mean, cats include everything from house cats to lions. Dogs
SqTBxFix7Ok-00043-00021495-00022110 include everything from Chihuahuas to Mastiffs. To come up with any general rule simply doesn't happen.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00044-00022110-00022503 The two more prevalent views—one is that, essentially, we average our experiences into
SqTBxFix7Ok-00045-00022503-00022973 a prototype, and that prototypes are distinguished as having more of the features of the category
SqTBxFix7Ok-00046-00022973-00023180 and fewer than the features of other categories.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00047-00023180-00023683 So we can play experimental games and find that a carrot is the prototypical vegetable
SqTBxFix7Ok-00048-00023683-00024170 and a robin is the prototypical bird. And penguins, because they don't look like, because
SqTBxFix7Ok-00049-00024170-00024830 they don't fly and they have feathers, are very atypical. The older view is the prototype
SqTBxFix7Ok-00050-00024830-00025362 view, that essentially our experience gets averaged into internal prototypes.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00051-00025362-00025762 A more recent view, and one which seems to play out really, really well in medical diagnosis,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00052-00025762-00026295 is what's called the exemplar view that essentially says, as you walk around the world, you gather
SqTBxFix7Ok-00053-00026295-00026995 examples, and every natural category, as you learn, you acquire examples. The active conversation
SqTBxFix7Ok-00054-00027171-00027633 or the active diagnosis ultimately amounts to matching the incoming information with
SqTBxFix7Ok-00055-00027633-00028520 some prior example in memory that has many of the characteristics uniquely of the new stimulus.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00056-00028527-00029052 So applying that to dogs and cats, for example—if I'm trying to recognize the beast that's running
SqTBxFix7Ok-00057-00029052-00029725 toward me, it's probably not going to be on the basis of a prototypical dog or cat but
SqTBxFix7Ok-00058-00029725-00030425 instead on the basis of previous examples of dogs and cats that I have encountered before?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00059-00030428-00030780 Sure. Glenn Regehr actually has a very nice example of that. He says, "Suppose you grow
SqTBxFix7Ok-00060-00030780-00031309 up in the Yukon, and all you see is huskies. How many Chihuahuas do you have to see before
SqTBxFix7Ok-00061-00031309-00031833 you recognize a Chihuahua as a dog?" The answer is one.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00062-00031833-00032533 In fact, I have a talk about this whole issue of medical diagnosis, and one of the key features
SqTBxFix7Ok-00063-00032575-00033130 and the one that grabs the audience inevitably is the video of my year-and-a-half-old daughter
SqTBxFix7Ok-00064-00033130-00033605 where we show her playing a Fisher-Price toy with dogs and cats, and B.F. Skinner would
SqTBxFix7Ok-00065-00033605-00034038 be happy as can be because what she's learned is that if she puts that thing in that slot,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00066-00034038-00034418 then Mommy gives her popsicle and tells her how wonderful she is.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00067-00034418-00034840 But then we show her this, an adult magazine, a house-and-garden magazine which contains
SqTBxFix7Ok-00068-00034840-00035315 a bunch of photographs, and two of them have dogs in them, and she points to the two dogs.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00069-00035315-00035615 What's interesting about that is that she can't say, "Dog."
SqTBxFix7Ok-00070-00035615-00035683 Right.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00071-00035683-00036168 She's a year-and-half old. She's preliterate. She can't say, "Dog." It is implausible that
SqTBxFix7Ok-00072-00036168-00036316 she would have a rule for "dog."
SqTBxFix7Ok-00073-00036316-00036371 Yes.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00074-00036371-00036916 And yet she can classify dogs already from what amounts to a fairly limited experience.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00075-00036916-00037316 Probably helps that she has a family dog and they go to the dog park every day. She's got
SqTBxFix7Ok-00076-00037316-00037562 a few examples and that's all she needs to get by.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00077-00037562-00037986 Yes. So it only takes just a few examples to be able to get the job done.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00078-00037986-00038639 It seems so, yes. Obviously, the mystery would be what exactly is that similarity matching?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00079-00038639-00039146 How does that come about? I think then you can invoke more fundamental models of the
SqTBxFix7Ok-00080-00039146-00039581 nature of memory, which is associationist or connectionist, which basically says that
SqTBxFix7Ok-00081-00039581-00040112 we are somehow, in a very rapid and unconscious way, matched in individual attributes and
SqTBxFix7Ok-00082-00040112-00040659 seeking connections that way. That's far-too-basic science and psychology for me to play with,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00083-00040659-00040989 but that's, I think, a pretty decent model.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00084-00040989-00041689 Yes. What about your doctors? When we go from everyday classification or categories, like
SqTBxFix7Ok-00085-00041771-00042389 dogs and cats and tables and chairs, and you only need just a few exemplars to be able
SqTBxFix7Ok-00086-00042389-00042890 to get the job done, do docs work the same way? If you're learning about skin lesions
SqTBxFix7Ok-00087-00042890-00043680 and mental disorders or more complex types of categories, is it just take a few exemplars there as well?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00088-00043686-00044386 Well, clearly, medical diagnosis is a bit more complex in part because the—yes, for
SqTBxFix7Ok-00089-00044386-00044763 skin lesions, we can imagine a picture that's kind of like looking at a picture of a dog.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00090-00044763-00045267 But for something like multiple sclerosis, it's much more abstract than that. Secondly,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00091-00045267-00045892 self-evidently, the stakes are higher. We don't want to make mistakes. So what you see
SqTBxFix7Ok-00092-00045892-00046365 coming about in the clinical encounter is what has been called, since the 1970s, the
SqTBxFix7Ok-00093-00046365-00046887 hypothetical deductive method which is, within a few minutes or maybe even seconds—we don't
SqTBxFix7Ok-00094-00046887-00047477 know the time scale—a physician will advance a number of hypotheses as to what the diagnosis
SqTBxFix7Ok-00095-00047477-00047968 will likely be. Then we'll go on to a systematic search to gather information, by and large,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00096-00047968-00048234 to confirm one or another diagnosis.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00097-00048234-00048736 Clearly, what differentiates the expert from the novice is not how many hypotheses or how
SqTBxFix7Ok-00098-00048736-00049436 early, but what are the hypotheses, and expertise resides entirely in generating better hypotheses.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00099-00049593-00050052 Even going back to our original studies in the '70s, we found that that early hypothesis
SqTBxFix7Ok-00100-00050052-00050458 generation was enormously powerful. Basically, if you thought of the right diagnosis in the
SqTBxFix7Ok-00101-00050458-00050846 first five minutes, your chances of getting there was 95 percent. If you didn't, your
SqTBxFix7Ok-00102-00050846-00051075 chances were 20 percent.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00103-00051075-00051196 Wow. Yes.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00104-00051196-00051563 That then leads to the fundamental question that's kept me interested all these years:
SqTBxFix7Ok-00105-00051563-00051753 where do those hypotheses come from?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00106-00051753-00051794 Right.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00107-00051794-00052197 And exemplar models are very powerful way of thinking about that—that, essentially,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00108-00052197-00052396 prior experience is available to you.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00109-00052396-00053200 Sure. The idea then is that, throughout your career as a diagnostician, you're accumulating experiences of the sort...
SqTBxFix7Ok-00110-00053209-00053234 Yes.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00111-00053232-00053726 ...like if I complain of a sore or a particular skin lesion, and you develop a bunch of those
SqTBxFix7Ok-00112-00053726-00054290 experiences, enough to be able to categorize new ones efficiently without any conscious effort?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00113-00054295-00054832 Yes, certainly in something like dermatology. We've actually documented a dermatologist
SqTBxFix7Ok-00114-00054832-00055253 looking at a skin lesion. If he gets it right, it takes him eight seconds. There's not a
SqTBxFix7Ok-00115-00055253-00055803 lot of room for analytical processing in that process.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00116-00055803-00056413 One of the—a couple games I play with audiences quite often, one is to ask them, "How long
SqTBxFix7Ok-00117-00056413-00056928 after you graduated before you thought you were competent?" Now to the average person
SqTBxFix7Ok-00118-00056928-00057239 on the street, you think that would be ruled out of order from the outset—they're competent
SqTBxFix7Ok-00119-00057239-00057403 when we graduated them, aren't they?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00120-00057403-00057428 Right.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00121-00057425-00057916 The answer's no. The answer's routinely five years, post-graduation. You put that with
SqTBxFix7Ok-00122-00057916-00058478 five years of training, and then you say ten years and 10,000 hours, and everybody's—this
SqTBxFix7Ok-00123-00058478-00058758 now has become common street talk.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00124-00058758-00059377 The second thing that's really intrigued me, to illustrate the power of this method, is
SqTBxFix7Ok-00125-00059377-00060077 the diagnosis of sick. Now emergency physicians are preoccupied with the diagnosis of sick.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00126-00060136-00060503 This preeminent skill in the emergency department is to be able to to tell the sick ones from
SqTBxFix7Ok-00127-00060503-00060665 the not-so-sick ones.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00128-00060665-00060740 Right.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00129-00060740-00061320 And yet there's no textbook that has a chapter on how to diagnose "sick". There are no signs
SqTBxFix7Ok-00130-00061320-00061777 and symptoms of "sick". You might be too blue or too red; you might be too hot or too cold;
SqTBxFix7Ok-00131-00061777-00062147 your pulse may be too high or too low; your blood pressure may be too high or too low,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00132-00062147-00062566 and on and on and on. There are number of conditions that run the pages that are all
SqTBxFix7Ok-00133-00062566-00063115 considered sick conditions, but a very recent study actually just published this year showed
SqTBxFix7Ok-00134-00063115-00063598 that if you turn to the emergency doc and say, "Is this one sick or not," and he makes
SqTBxFix7Ok-00135-00063598-00064053 a judgment in seconds, and that has about an 85-percent accuracy in terms of predicting
SqTBxFix7Ok-00136-00064053-00064486 whether ultimately, when they get to the wards, they end up with a very serious diagnosis.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00137-00064486-00064854 The doc with this experience can recognize "sick" from a mile away.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00138-00064854-00065520 You mentioned that the process of categorization and diagnosis and so on is fast and accurate.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00139-00065520-00066067 We can do it very quickly. Is that all there is? I mean, there seems like, as doctors,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00140-00066067-00066407 it seems that they should be able to. I mean, that's what they do in medical school, isn't
SqTBxFix7Ok-00141-00066407-00067107 it, is learn the rules? They're very careful and deliberative in coming up with these diagnoses.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00142-00067110-00067578 Sure. I think in every clinical encounter, there's really two fairly distinct phases:
SqTBxFix7Ok-00143-00067578-00068278 the initial phase of hypothesis generation—it's so effortless; it just seems to be too easy—and
SqTBxFix7Ok-00144-00068302-00068766 then a second confirmation phase where they go back to the rules, the 29 causes of anemia,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00145-00068766-00069167 the signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia, and so forth, just to confirm that that's
SqTBxFix7Ok-00146-00069167-00069360 what they're dealing with.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00147-00069360-00069968 Now because it seems so effortless, that first phase is often called just pattern recognition,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00148-00069968-00070474 and it's kind of denigrated. People sort of think you're not really doing your work; you're
SqTBxFix7Ok-00149-00070474-00071036 not working hard enough. In fact, that that whole idea that that first system—and it's
SqTBxFix7Ok-00150-00071036-00071637 called a dual-processing model and that's called system one—that that rapid generation
SqTBxFix7Ok-00151-00071637-00072230 of hypotheses, there's a kind of a prevailing wisdom that that's bad, that that leads to
SqTBxFix7Ok-00152-00072230-00072743 errors, and that what we should do is teach people analytical processes to correct those
SqTBxFix7Ok-00153-00072743-00073220 errors, and that the second phase is actually the fundamental phase in terms of reducing errors.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00154-00073223-00073876 This is been popularized a lot by a guy named Kahneman who's got a Nobel Prize, a psychologist.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00155-00073876-00074219 He's written a book that I think many people know—it was on "The New York Times" bestseller
SqTBxFix7Ok-00156-00074219-00074724 list for at least a year—called "Thinking, Fast and Slow." His claim is just that: that
SqTBxFix7Ok-00157-00074724-00075244 essentially fast thinking, system-one thinking, leads to errors and that we should be cautioning
SqTBxFix7Ok-00158-00075244-00075778 people, doctors, and everyone else to be more slow, rational, thoughtful, and that that
SqTBxFix7Ok-00159-00075778-00076091 would reduce the errors that happen in human judgments.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00160-00076091-00076567 I happen to believe that's wrong, and I've accumulated a bunch of evidence to suggest
SqTBxFix7Ok-00161-00076567-00077057 that indeed that's wrong. We encouraged one group of physicians working through cases
SqTBxFix7Ok-00162-00077057-00077533 to go fast. We encouraged a second group to go slow and take their time. We find that
SqTBxFix7Ok-00163-00077533-00078066 the group that goes slower indeed takes longer on each case, but study after study has shown
SqTBxFix7Ok-00164-00078066-00078598 that the accuracy is exactly the same in both groups. So the notion that simply by slowing
SqTBxFix7Ok-00165-00078598-00079027 down and being thoughtful and analytical you'll solve the problem and the errors will go away
SqTBxFix7Ok-00166-00079027-00079288 seems to me simplistic at best.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00167-00079288-00079851 Sorry, I think we should wait just a second for that high pitch.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00168-00079851-00080116 What was that?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00169-00080116-00080381 There we go.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00170-00080381-00081081 So if the goal then is for accurate judgments—I mean, we see this across a few fields, where
SqTBxFix7Ok-00171-00081153-00081619 the ideal is to slow down, take your time, make sure that you're doing it correctly.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00172-00081619-00081720 Yes.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00173-00081720-00082235 It seems fairly counterintuitive that that would actually—that wouldn't be as good
SqTBxFix7Ok-00174-00082235-00082845 as making a rapid judgment, as the fast sort of judgment that diagnosticians are making,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00175-00082845-00083473 are as accurate as diagnosticians or decision-makers who take their time. Is that really—I mean,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00176-00083473-00083521 is that...
SqTBxFix7Ok-00177-00083521-00084143 Yes, it's almost like there's a chicken-and-egg thing. If I ask you, "What's 12 x 12?" The
SqTBxFix7Ok-00178-00084143-00084746 answer's 144. It's rapid and it's accurate. If I ask you, "What's 17 x 17?" The answer
SqTBxFix7Ok-00179-00084746-00085306 is I don't know but I guess I can work it out. The answer's actually 289, by the way—only
SqTBxFix7Ok-00180-00085306-00085991 statisticians seem to know this. But that's an example where the slow process is actually
SqTBxFix7Ok-00181-00085991-00086579 more error-prone than the fast process. It seems—I agree, and in fact I think it's
SqTBxFix7Ok-00182-00086579-00087055 safe to say that the majority view is that the slow process is going to be ultimately
SqTBxFix7Ok-00183-00087055-00087537 higher benefit in the long run, but that's against the evidence. This has really been
SqTBxFix7Ok-00184-00087537-00088061 captured in medicine, where a booked called "The Reflective Practitioner" by a guy name
SqTBxFix7Ok-00185-00088061-00088559 Schön was published probably 10 years ago and argued basically that if every physician
SqTBxFix7Ok-00186-00088559-00088999 learned to be reflective in the course of their process and at the end of the day looking
SqTBxFix7Ok-00187-00088999-00089594 back on things, that the world would be a better place. It plays out particularly well
SqTBxFix7Ok-00188-00089594-00090142 in health professions because, like any professional, they are basically autonomous. They have clients.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00189-00090142-00090660 They make very serious decisions about those clients, and they have no peers in general
SqTBxFix7Ok-00190-00090660-00090942 looking over their shoulder to see whether they're right or wrong.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00191-00090942-00091594 So there is undoubtedly a need for practitioners or any kind of professional to keep up, to
SqTBxFix7Ok-00192-00091594-00092072 recognize their strengths and weaknesses. The notion, therefore, that reflection—being
SqTBxFix7Ok-00193-00092072-00092620 able to reflect on your process—is somehow going to achieve that has real cachet.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00194-00092620-00092720 Sure.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00195-00092720-00092977 Unfortunately, it doesn't have a shred of evidence.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00196-00092977-00093037 Right.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00197-00093037-00093273 It's everything the opposite.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00198-00093273-00093973 Are people good at assessing their own ability? I mean, I've read a little bit of it in the
SqTBxFix7Ok-00199-00094017-00094577 field. A colleague of ours, Kevin Eva, has done work on the role of self-assessment.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00200-00094577-00095277 It seems, at least given his preliminary work, that we're not very good at it—that is,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00201-00095329-00096029 we don't seem to be very good at assessing how well we can do various things. Is that
SqTBxFix7Ok-00202-00096121-00096331 right? He's published it ...
SqTBxFix7Ok-00203-00096331-00096672 There's nothing preliminary about it. Kevin should be here to speak to it, but I think
SqTBxFix7Ok-00204-00096672-00097122 I can pretty well paraphrase what Kevin would say. In fact, I'll be more blunt than Kevin
SqTBxFix7Ok-00205-00097122-00097377 ever would. Self-assessment sucks.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00206-00097377-00097507 Yes, yes.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00207-00097507-00097891 I think the evidence is utterly overwhelming. The people can't self-assess their way out
SqTBxFix7Ok-00208-00097891-00098008 of a paper bag.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00209-00098008-00098069 Sure.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00210-00098069-00098462 In fact, Kevin has a nice demonstration of this. If I think of all the people who are
SqTBxFix7Ok-00211-00098462-00099005 watching this video, I'm going to ask them all a simple question. Are you in the bottom
SqTBxFix7Ok-00212-00099005-00099705 half of driving skills? Now half of you should say yes, but having seen this performed, having
SqTBxFix7Ok-00213-00099740-00100220 done this in live time, probably 1 out of 100 will say yes, and yet half of you, by
SqTBxFix7Ok-00214-00100220-00100460 definition, are in the bottom half of driving skills.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00215-00100460-00100510 Right.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00216-00100510-00101068 The evidence is absolutely crushing that people cannot assess where they're at. They basically
SqTBxFix7Ok-00217-00101068-00101542 start with a premise that they're at about 70 percent and then go up and down from there:
SqTBxFix7Ok-00218-00101542-00102052 "You're better than I am, but I'm about 70 percent, so you must be 80 percent." It was
SqTBxFix7Ok-00219-00102052-00102644 captured by a psychologist whose name I sadly forget, but he said it so beautifully. He
SqTBxFix7Ok-00220-00102644-00103074 said, "How can I know what I don't know when I don't know what I don't know?"
SqTBxFix7Ok-00221-00103074-00103100 Right.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00222-00103100-00103756 And it's that simple. You have no way of judging what the universe of that domain is, and so
SqTBxFix7Ok-00223-00103756-00104066 your only guess is to say, "I guess I only got 70 percent of it."
SqTBxFix7Ok-00224-00104066-00104191 Even experts?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00225-00104191-00104674 Experts, of course, are the exception, because they do know the domain. Now at some level,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00226-00104674-00105100 know the experts fail, too, but in terms of judging your overall knowledge base—yes,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00227-00105100-00105447 the people who know it all are the ones who can accurately determine that they know it
SqTBxFix7Ok-00228-00105447-00106117 all. But that doesn't help an expert judging his own performance on a specific case, for
SqTBxFix7Ok-00229-00106117-00106442 example. We have some evidence—yes, actually have a fair amount of evidence in medicine
SqTBxFix7Ok-00230-00106442-00107022 that physicians perform better than chance, and the more expert you are, the better you
SqTBxFix7Ok-00231-00107022-00107565 perform, but still their hit rate in terms of "I'm confident in this diagnosis" versus
SqTBxFix7Ok-00232-00107565-00108009 "I turn out to be accurate in this diagnosis" is probably about 60 percent. They're far
SqTBxFix7Ok-00233-00108009-00108458 from perfect. They're better than chance but far from perfect. Yes.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00234-00108458-00109158 Yes, interesting. So how do they improve? As an expert, you mentioned that we—going
SqTBxFix7Ok-00235-00109217-00109917 slow doesn't necessarily help, being deliberative, and there is this compounded issue of self-assessment,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00236-00110007-00110449 that we often don't know how good we're actually doing in any given case. What does that mean
SqTBxFix7Ok-00237-00110449-00111016 for improving practice? How do we get better? How do we—the goal of this course that we're
SqTBxFix7Ok-00238-00111016-00111663 taking is called "The Science of Everyday Thinking." Given your experience in the field
SqTBxFix7Ok-00239-00111663-00112126 of expertise and in medicine, how do we improve everyday thinking?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00240-00112126-00112391 You improve by knowing more.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00241-00112391-00112613 So just the accumulation of experiences.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00242-00112613-00112976 Yes. It seems so tantalizing. It would be really nice if I could be very prescriptive
SqTBxFix7Ok-00243-00112976-00113375 and say, "Well, if you do this, that, and the other thing, then you'll be much better."
SqTBxFix7Ok-00244-00113375-00113816 At some level, I guess there's got to be a bit of a germ of truth in that. This course
SqTBxFix7Ok-00245-00113816-00114246 wouldn't exist if we didn't think that there are some—that being explicit about everyday
SqTBxFix7Ok-00246-00114246-00114885 thinking and the traps in everyday thinking wouldn't help people think better. At some
SqTBxFix7Ok-00247-00114885-00115411 level that's true, but that's generally locked in to what's been called general problem-solving
SqTBxFix7Ok-00248-00115411-00116111 strategies, which are not very powerful. Sure, that's going to help a bit. I suppose reflection
SqTBxFix7Ok-00249-00116182-00116742 is going to help a little bit, but it seems that all of these strategies, to sort of generalize
SqTBxFix7Ok-00250-00116742-00117121 horrendously, are good for about a 10-percent improvement.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00251-00117121-00117188 Okay.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00252-00117188-00117715 It's not zero, but it's not night-and-day or black-and-white either. Very clearly, the
SqTBxFix7Ok-00253-00117715-00118082 single best predictor of how good you are is how much you know about the domain, not
SqTBxFix7Ok-00254-00118082-00118613 what problem-solving skills you bring to bear on it. We began there. That was wrong.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00255-00118613-00119295 Yes. So then would you suggest, in getting more experience, in gaining and kind of accumulating
SqTBxFix7Ok-00256-00119295-00119995 knowledge, is it just a matter of studying the domain more, of getting more experience?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00257-00120025-00120725 If I'm a novice diagnostician, in order to become an expert, in order to become an expert
SqTBxFix7Ok-00258-00120728-00121303 in the true sense, is it just a matter of working hard and studying the rules and getting
SqTBxFix7Ok-00259-00121303-00121915 as much exposure to a wide variety of examples within that domain?
SqTBxFix7Ok-00260-00121915-00122353 Yes, we can, but we can do better than that. This really segues into a whole other branch
SqTBxFix7Ok-00261-00122353-00122979 of educational psychology. The question is: are there strategies we can do to optimize
SqTBxFix7Ok-00262-00122979-00123364 the acquisition of knowledge? Again, we're talking about two kinds of knowledge: formal
SqTBxFix7Ok-00263-00123364-00123859 knowledge and experiential knowledge. We're now beginning to discover—and I can't take
SqTBxFix7Ok-00264-00123859-00124316 any personal credit for this one; this isn't my domain— but people like Mayer, Bjork,
SqTBxFix7Ok-00265-00124316-00124976 Roediger had been working hard on taking models of the nature of the mind—short-term working
SqTBxFix7Ok-00266-00124976-00125602 memory, long-term memory, associative—and turning that into very prescriptive and powerful
SqTBxFix7Ok-00267-00125602-00126240 strategies to enhance the efficiency of learning. Things like—an obvious thing like mixing
SqTBxFix7Ok-00268-00126240-00126673 up the examples from across multiple chapters so that you have to try and figure out which
SqTBxFix7Ok-00269-00126673-00127139 is which—it turns out to be an extremely powerful strategy for learning.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00270-00127139-00127496 The idea of transfer, which is being able to take knowledge that you've learned in one
SqTBxFix7Ok-00271-00127496-00128002 context and apply it to another: one, it doesn't happen at all as easily as we think it does;
SqTBxFix7Ok-00272-00128002-00128540 but, two, psychologists would devise strategies to make that happen better.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00273-00128540-00128958 I think this is moving much more into the instructional educational psychology end of
SqTBxFix7Ok-00274-00128958-00129453 things. There are things we can do to very much enhance the efficiency with which you
SqTBxFix7Ok-00275-00129453-00129988 acquire the knowledge you need to get the job done as a diagnostician or as a human.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00276-00129988-00130271 All right. Well, thanks, Geoff.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00277-00130271-00130835 That's a good one to finish. Excuse me. Go away.
SqTBxFix7Ok-00278-00130835-00131301 My name is Geoff. I think about reasoning.
SrdfpQgAkf4-00000-00000003-00000447 For today's Monday makeup lesson, I'm gonna show you how to create a classic smoky eye
SrdfpQgAkf4-00001-00000447-00000825 it's one of those looks that looks so good on so many people and I have a lot to tips
SrdfpQgAkf4-00002-00000825-00001233 and tricks to show you guys to make sure it works perfectly for you so let's get started
SrdfpQgAkf4-00003-00001233-00001836 the first step to a perfect smoky eye is to make sure you're priming the lids and you
SrdfpQgAkf4-00004-00001836-00002238 can use eyeshadow primer or concealer but what you really want to make sure you're completely
SrdfpQgAkf4-00005-00002238-00002709 covering the lid from the lash line up to the brows to create a blank canvas
SrdfpQgAkf4-00006-00002709-00003246 this is to disguise any dis-coloration that we might naturally have on our lids and also give
SrdfpQgAkf4-00007-00003246-00003645 the eyeshadow something to hold on to so you actually want to leave your eyeshadow primer
SrdfpQgAkf4-00008-00003645-00004218 or concealer just a little sticky this will actually grab hold of the shadow however I do
SrdfpQgAkf4-00009-00004218-00004626 have a little trick to make sure you also get a good blend so we'll get to that in a second
SrdfpQgAkf4-00010-00004850-00005333 With any eye makeup look the main areas off the eye would be - the crease area The crease
SrdfpQgAkf4-00011-00005333-00005819 area is really important in the smoky eye, if you think of what smoke is - it's that deep
SrdfpQgAkf4-00012-00005819-00006374 dark colour that then fades into nothing. The crease area is where that fading into 'nothing'
SrdfpQgAkf4-00013-00006374-00006950 happens. The crease area is basically where the lid creases into the eye shape but it stops just
SrdfpQgAkf4-00014-00006950-00007415 underneath the brow bone and of course you have to lid as well and for a smoky eye I actually
SrdfpQgAkf4-00015-00007415-00008070 divide the lid into an upper and a lower part. Now as far as eyeshadows go I've created a little
SrdfpQgAkf4-00016-00008070-00008647 smoky palette for us and you want to adapt this to work with your own skin tone so the first shade is
SrdfpQgAkf4-00017-00008647-00009103 what I refer to as the base shade so this is very similar to your own skin tone could be a little
SrdfpQgAkf4-00018-00009103-00009613 lighter we then have our contour shade this should be a few shades darker than your own skin tone and
SrdfpQgAkf4-00019-00009613-00010054 then you have your mid-tone and your mid-tone is probably the most important a lot of people refer
SrdfpQgAkf4-00020-00010054-00010582 to this as the transition shade this is somewhere in between the base and the contour that's why I
SrdfpQgAkf4-00021-00010582-00011233 call it a mid-tone because it's a middle tone and then we have our smoky shadow so our smoky shade
SrdfpQgAkf4-00022-00011233-00011665 is basically whatever type of smoky eye that you want to create I'm going to create a black one
SrdfpQgAkf4-00023-00011824-00012409 so let's get started with this look taking a blending brush on our base shade and this is
SrdfpQgAkf4-00024-00012409-00012865 my little trick to get that perfect blend we're basically going to start at the crease of the
SrdfpQgAkf4-00025-00012865-00013422 eye and then work up underneath the brows so you want to pack on this space shade to create
SrdfpQgAkf4-00026-00013422-00014101 a silky powdery effect but avoid the lid we want the lid to stay a little tacky from the concealer
SrdfpQgAkf4-00027-00014101-00014611 and the primer we will want that crease to be really powdery really easy to blend over
SrdfpQgAkf4-00028-00014755-00015340 by applying that powder we're basically gonna create an easier softer blend remember how I said
SrdfpQgAkf4-00029-00015340-00015877 concealer and primer gives the shadows something to hold onto well this powdery base will make
SrdfpQgAkf4-00030-00015877-00016429 sure we have something to blend over and that's how you get that perfect soft blend just make
SrdfpQgAkf4-00031-00016429-00016975 sure to avoid the lid don't come down too far keep it from the crease right up to the brows
SrdfpQgAkf4-00032-00017308-00017716 For the next step we're gonna keep with that same blending brush and I haven't cleaned it
SrdfpQgAkf4-00033-00017716-00018349 off we're gonna go in with our mid tone or middle tone or a transition shade and we're gonna start
SrdfpQgAkf4-00034-00018349-00018883 over everything that we've already applied but we're gonna stop under the brow bone the first
SrdfpQgAkf4-00035-00018883-00019405 shadow went from the crease right up underneath the brows avoiding the lid and use this little
SrdfpQgAkf4-00036-00019405-00020065 diagram as a representation of what we're doing here we're starting in this crease area and then
SrdfpQgAkf4-00037-00020065-00020623 softly blending upwards if you're not sure where to stop and start your blend you basically want
SrdfpQgAkf4-00038-00020623-00021124 to keep it in between these two parallel points it looks really complicated but it's basically
SrdfpQgAkf4-00039-00021124-00021634 using the edge of your eye nose and brow on one side and then creating a parallel line on the
SrdfpQgAkf4-00040-00021634-00022039 inner corner if you blend outside the lines don't worry because you can always clean up at the end
SrdfpQgAkf4-00041-00022039-00022627 just use this as a guide then we're going to take a clean blending brush and I always keep
SrdfpQgAkf4-00042-00022627-00023041 the clean blending brush handy for every look but in particular when you're doing a smoky eye
SrdfpQgAkf4-00043-00023041-00023572 go over everything that you've applied to soften out any harsh lines no additional product needed
SrdfpQgAkf4-00044-00023572-00024136 just soften out those lines now we're gonna move on to apply in the contour and I need you guys
SrdfpQgAkf4-00045-00024136-00024652 to take a brush that's got a lot of control in it so maybe a flat brush or a pencil brush or
SrdfpQgAkf4-00046-00024652-00025153 a brush like this which is somewhere in between it's one of my favorites and picking up a little
SrdfpQgAkf4-00047-00025153-00025558 bit of that contour shade which is one of the darker shades from this palette we're
SrdfpQgAkf4-00048-00025558-00026044 going to apply this all over the lid area so I want you guys to keep this just to the lid
SrdfpQgAkf4-00049-00026044-00026497 bringing it up to where that mid-tone starts in the crease but don't go beyond that point
SrdfpQgAkf4-00050-00026644-00027181 really focus on the roots of the lashes and softly blend this over and back covering the lid
SrdfpQgAkf4-00051-00027318-00027864 try to avoid blending this up too high because that can ruin the look you want to keep it nice
SrdfpQgAkf4-00052-00027864-00028524 and deep and low so what we're gonna end up with is a deep dark look right at the roots the lashes
SrdfpQgAkf4-00053-00028524-00029388 and then fades upwards fading into that mid-tone into that crease and up underneath the brows next
SrdfpQgAkf4-00054-00029388-00029955 I want you to take a small flat brush something that you have the most control over and I want you
SrdfpQgAkf4-00055-00029955-00030486 to take your smoky shadow so whatever smoky shadow that you're using I'm using black and there's two
SrdfpQgAkf4-00056-00030486-00031092 ways that you can apply this you can bring your hand down onto the lash line or you can come on
SrdfpQgAkf4-00057-00031092-00031620 it straight on as you can see my hunt is pretty much at the level of my nose as I'm applying this
SrdfpQgAkf4-00058-00031620-00032244 I'm applying it using the lash roots as my guide and follow the natural shape of your lash line
SrdfpQgAkf4-00059-00032655-00033183 If you have your hand too low at this point you're gonna blend that black up too far and
SrdfpQgAkf4-00060-00033183-00033711 I don't want you to do that, so try to keep it at around the cheek level or bring your
SrdfpQgAkf4-00061-00033711-00034337 hand over the top and press downwards onto the lash line - either way just imagine that
SrdfpQgAkf4-00062-00034337-00035090 you're creating a liner look just coat right by those lashes and really pack it on there get in
SrdfpQgAkf4-00063-00035090-00035654 between those lashes right onto that lash line it's really important we have to imagine that
SrdfpQgAkf4-00064-00035654-00036035 that black is coming from somewhere so it has to start really dark at the base.
SrdfpQgAkf4-00065-00036270-00036870 Now for shaping - I like to have it slightly thicker just in the centre (it's almost like
SrdfpQgAkf4-00066-00036870-00037422 an oval shape) This will create that classic round shape that you get with a smoky eye so it's
SrdfpQgAkf4-00067-00037422-00038055 slightly tapered on the inside and the outside and highest in the middle before you go any further
SrdfpQgAkf4-00068-00038055-00038751 what I want you to do is take your fingertip and really press on that pigment push it right at
SrdfpQgAkf4-00069-00038751-00039468 those lashes no smudging no blending just pushing that on there this will remove any fallout while
SrdfpQgAkf4-00070-00039468-00040038 also making sure we're really packing that pigment right at the roots of the lashes once you've done
SrdfpQgAkf4-00071-00040038-00040668 that you can then take your small blending brush or a pencil brush and softly and lightly smudge
SrdfpQgAkf4-00072-00040668-00041346 this out watch for your hand placement here what I want you guys to remember is that if your hand
SrdfpQgAkf4-00073-00041346-00042024 is low your blend will be high and that's good a start because we want to bring that black from
SrdfpQgAkf4-00074-00042024-00042720 the root the lashes upwards to about the halfway point of the lid but if you keep your hand this
SrdfpQgAkf4-00075-00042720-00043401 low throughout the entire smudging process you're gonna end up pushing it up to high bring that
SrdfpQgAkf4-00076-00043401-00044280 brush slightly upwards as you start to smudge regain control over that brush and very softly
SrdfpQgAkf4-00077-00044280-00044943 sweep over and back and this will prevent you from blending up too high you do not want it to surpass
SrdfpQgAkf4-00078-00044943-00045480 the lid and get into that crease area depending on the look that you're doing of course but
SrdfpQgAkf4-00079-00045480-00046167 particularly for a classic smokey eye keeping it nice and low by the lashes is the best way to get
SrdfpQgAkf4-00080-00046167-00046743 that classic look I usually split the lid into two sections so I have a lower part in an upper part
SrdfpQgAkf4-00081-00046743-00047253 I'm making it sound really complicated but it's actually not that complicated but if you learn
SrdfpQgAkf4-00082-00047253-00047763 these techniques it will become easier even though it sounds like I'm making it harder than it is
SrdfpQgAkf4-00083-00048224-00048854 the next step is really important and it's to really darken in between the lashes so apply a
SrdfpQgAkf4-00084-00048854-00049490 pencil liner on your waterline which is the upper tight line of your lid what I like to
SrdfpQgAkf4-00085-00049490-00049886 do is just look down in a mirror and just kind of push upwards between the lashes this will
SrdfpQgAkf4-00086-00049886-00050471 create that dark smoky look you have to imagine where this smoky depth is coming from and it
SrdfpQgAkf4-00087-00050471-00050882 should be coming right between the lashes so try getting that pencil right in there
SrdfpQgAkf4-00088-00051161-00051647 another important thing is to coat those lashes I actually brush my lashes downwards
SrdfpQgAkf4-00089-00051647-00052271 to make sure it's really dark right at the roots once again to create the illusion of
SrdfpQgAkf4-00090-00052271-00052871 the depth coming from the lash line essentially it looks like we just have really thick lashes
SrdfpQgAkf4-00091-00053310-00053814 if you want to go an extra step you can always apply invisible liner if you watch my videos a
SrdfpQgAkf4-00092-00053814-00054279 lot you'll know that I've talked about this it's basically lining very very thinly right
SrdfpQgAkf4-00093-00054279-00054840 between your lashes as close as possible and I also went ahead and applied some falsies
SrdfpQgAkf4-00094-00054840-00055308 once again this creates the illusion of a deep dark look right at the roots so
SrdfpQgAkf4-00095-00055308-00055764 that's pretty much all of the work done but we've still got a lot of work to do
SrdfpQgAkf4-00096-00055764-00056133 you have to clean up underneath the eyes because keeping it as clean and bright
SrdfpQgAkf4-00097-00056133-00056649 as possible will create that contrast with the smoky eye so don't neglect doing this
SrdfpQgAkf4-00098-00056939-00057362 you also want to clean up underneath the brows by taking a little bit of the base shade and a
SrdfpQgAkf4-00099-00057362-00057829 small brush and applying this on the brow bone we have already applied this but reapplying it will
SrdfpQgAkf4-00100-00057829-00058366 actually brighten this up and you can also pop a little bit of this shadow on the inner corner
SrdfpQgAkf4-00101-00058366-00058904 of the eye too I like to imagine that this smoky eye is coming from my lashline and you don't have
SrdfpQgAkf4-00102-00058904-00059684 lashes right in there so try brightening ever so slightly no chef with lot to mascara to balance
SrdfpQgAkf4-00103-00059684-00060407 out the top and there you go a classic smokey eye and you can use these techniques to create
SrdfpQgAkf4-00104-00060407-00060944 any number of different looks but I love that deep dark look starting at the roots of lashes
SrdfpQgAkf4-00105-00060944-00061379 and blending upwards if you try out this look I would love to hear from you guys you can also
SrdfpQgAkf4-00106-00061379-00061784 send me a picture and if you have any problems I'm always here to help so just leave a comment
SrdfpQgAkf4-00107-00061784-00062147 and I'll try and get back to you check out the other videos on the screen hit that like button
SrdfpQgAkf4-00108-00062147-00062561 if you learned something hit the subscribe button if you're new and I'll see you in the next one.
StEe_2hKA6U-00000-00000101-00000627 Hey there, it's Diane, the nursing geek, and this is the obligatory year-end
StEe_2hKA6U-00001-00000627-00001359 goals video. As in how did I do with my 2018 goals and what am i setting for
StEe_2hKA6U-00002-00001359-00002073 2019 goals mainly around reading and writing but also around youtube and
StEe_2hKA6U-00003-00002073-00003234 maybe some other things. Reading:the goals I set for 2018 were to read 25
StEe_2hKA6U-00004-00003234-00003889 books and about half of those to be audiobooks.
StEe_2hKA6U-00005-00003964-00004598 As far as total number of books, I blew that out of the water at 39. 27 of those
StEe_2hKA6U-00006-00004598-00005601 were audiobooks, so I did manage about a dozen print or ebooks. As in I couldn't
StEe_2hKA6U-00007-00005601-00006230 be doing anything else, I had to just sit and read, whereas when I listen to
StEe_2hKA6U-00008-00006230-00006715 audiobooks it tends to be on my commute. So it's... I'm a little more of a passive
StEe_2hKA6U-00009-00006715-00007829 reader in that scenario, which is why I sort of make that distinction. For 2019,
StEe_2hKA6U-00010-00007829-00008336 then, I think my stretch goal is going to be let's just move it a little higher
StEe_2hKA6U-00011-00008336-00008946 and go for 40 books. Still not ready to jump on the 50 books a year bandwagon
StEe_2hKA6U-00012-00008946-00009479 because this is books in addition to all the reading I do for work, which includes
StEe_2hKA6U-00013-00009479-00010293 a metric ton of peer-reviewed journal articles and several metric tons of
StEe_2hKA6U-00014-00010293-00010947 homework. I also don't count any transformative fiction that I read,
StEe_2hKA6U-00015-00010947-00011454 because I wouldn't really know how to count that. Some things are novel-length,
StEe_2hKA6U-00016-00011454-00012132 most things are not. So so this is above and beyond all of that other reading.
StEe_2hKA6U-00017-00012132-00013066 I do also have goals around reading more indie authors and
StEe_2hKA6U-00018-00013066-00013716 specifically more AuthorTube authors -- which I did manage to read one
StEe_2hKA6U-00019-00013716-00014502 AuthorTube autho'rs audiobook this year -- and a couple of indie books. And I got a couple of
StEe_2hKA6U-00020-00014502-00015227 indie books for Christmas, so that'll get me off to a good start.
StEe_2hKA6U-00021-00015227-00015416 Writing goals!
StEe_2hKA6U-00022-00015416-00016250 The writing goals I set for 2018... I'm going to have to read out of my bullet journal.
StEe_2hKA6U-00023-00016250-00017250 So I had professional writing goals to be at "one one and one," meaning one item
StEe_2hKA6U-00024-00017250-00018075 in progress, one item in review, and one item in press by the end of the year.
StEe_2hKA6U-00025-00018075-00018849 No. No, that did not happen. I have multiple things in progress. I've managed to
StEe_2hKA6U-00026-00018849-00019347 present various things. Now I need to actually get to the peer-reviewed
StEe_2hKA6U-00027-00019347-00019974 publication part, because somehow presentation has become my comfort zone.
StEe_2hKA6U-00028-00019974-00020538 And whether or not that's my comfort zone, universities like to see actual
StEe_2hKA6U-00029-00020538-00021243 publications in addition to presentation, so I need to get on that. So that'll be
StEe_2hKA6U-00030-00021243-00022073 my 2019 goal is let's try to get to that one one and one by next December.
StEe_2hKA6U-00031-00022262-00022935 Personal writing was to edit my 2017 NaNoWriMo and get that posted, which I
StEe_2hKA6U-00032-00022935-00023673 did; do at least one camp, which I did both, and then do NaNo, which I did. And I
StEe_2hKA6U-00033-00023673-00024327 hit my goals on all of those. Well, other than writing "The End" on my
StEe_2hKA6U-00034-00024327-00025157 NaNoWriMo. I also had set a goal to work some more om my settings bank.
StEe_2hKA6U-00035-00025676-00026325 So the idea for a settings bank I got from a craft... writing craft book, which I
StEe_2hKA6U-00036-00026325-00027075 will link below. Writing Vivid Settings. I want to say that was by Rayne Hall, but
StEe_2hKA6U-00037-00027075-00027847 I could be mistaken. And I decided to apply some, you know, bit just basic
StEe_2hKA6U-00038-00027847-00028547 bullet journaling index approach to keep track of the types of settings I decided
StEe_2hKA6U-00039-00028547-00029087 to write. That is a very short list.
StEe_2hKA6U-00040-00029336-00030278 Still, to be fair, looks like they are all or almost all... Okay, the first one was from
StEe_2hKA6U-00041-00030278-00031635 December of 2017 but the rest have been 2018, which is something. But 22 pages
StEe_2hKA6U-00042-00031635-00032189 worth of setting writing. I need... I need to do more than that. Setting is my weak
StEe_2hKA6U-00043-00032189-00032925 point and description in general, so I need to do more of this, whether I end up
StEe_2hKA6U-00044-00032925-00033459 using these actual descriptions or just the practice of writing them helps me do
StEe_2hKA6U-00045-00033459-00034422 what I need to do. So that's a 2019 goal is more of that. Write more poetry. I did!
StEe_2hKA6U-00046-00034422-00035403 I actually wrote a good handful of poems. Did I keep track of them? No! It was less
StEe_2hKA6U-00047-00035403-00036259 than 12. I signed up for some monthly fannish poetry writing challenges and
StEe_2hKA6U-00048-00036259-00036990 all the ones I signed up for I did complete, so yay! Were any of them super
StEe_2hKA6U-00049-00036990-00037605 great? Not necessarily, but it got me back in the habit of writing poetry a little
StEe_2hKA6U-00050-00037605-00038076 more. So I want to continue writing more more poetry, and I think I'm going to
StEe_2hKA6U-00051-00038076-00038588 continue to leave that goal vague at just "more."
StEe_2hKA6U-00052-00038742-00040119 Yeah so that's 2018 writing and a bit of 2019 writing goals, but as far as what I
StEe_2hKA6U-00053-00040119-00041382 want to get written fiction-wise, I want to draft the next two books of this
StEe_2hKA6U-00054-00041382-00042093 trilogy that took over my brain. I won't necessarily edit those and flesh them
StEe_2hKA6U-00055-00042093-00042582 out, but I want them at least drafted, because past experience tells me if I
StEe_2hKA6U-00056-00042582-00043092 have something that's a work in progress, I will get to some later point and
StEe_2hKA6U-00057-00043092-00043518 decide I needed to set something up earlier. I don't want to put myself in
StEe_2hKA6U-00058-00043518-00043926 that position. I want to at least know where everything is going so that when I
StEe_2hKA6U-00059-00043926-00044679 then go back and edit book 1, I can fix things that need fixing before ever
StEe_2hKA6U-00060-00044679-00045471 getting any further with it. To that end I also need to finish book 1. I mean, I
StEe_2hKA6U-00061-00045471-00045996 did hit the word count for NaNoWriMo, but I did not finish the draft. I did put
StEe_2hKA6U-00062-00045996-00046869 it aside to write in December to write just fluffy AdventDrabble stuff (get to that in a
StEe_2hKA6U-00063-00046869-00047738 second) I need to pick that back up in January and at least find the ending and
StEe_2hKA6U-00064-00047738-00048348 then do a preliminary just read through. Probably not going to do a whole lot in
StEe_2hKA6U-00065-00048348-00048777 the way of editing of it yet, because then it is going to take me both
StEe_2hKA6U-00066-00048777-00049308 February and March to prepare for April's Camp. Partly because I'm going to
StEe_2hKA6U-00067-00049308-00049749 be so intense and flat out at work, I will not have a whole lot of time to
StEe_2hKA6U-00068-00049749-00050391 spend on writing, even on the weekends. So I'm gonna have to parcel it out, and my
StEe_2hKA6U-00069-00050391-00051212 prep for April is going to have to take pretty much February and March. So
StEe_2hKA6U-00070-00051212-00052014 that'll be sitting in the back burner, but I'll at least know how it ends,
StEe_2hKA6U-00071-00052014-00053088 so I can move into book two. Draft book two during April's camp. That probably
StEe_2hKA6U-00072-00053088-00053562 means doing a fifty thousand word goal for April's Camp. Thank goodness you can
StEe_2hKA6U-00073-00053562-00054045 edit your goals as the month goes on, because that is probably not reasonable
StEe_2hKA6U-00074-00054045-00054926 for the end of the spring semester. We'll see. By the same token, then, for July's
StEe_2hKA6U-00075-00054926-00055217 camp, I want to draft the final book of the
StEe_2hKA6U-00076-00055217-00055664 trilogy. Definitely fifty thousand word goal there, and hopefully get that one
StEe_2hKA6U-00077-00055664-00056166 all the way to the end, because in July, depending on what sort of admissions
StEe_2hKA6U-00078-00056166-00056567 related things I need to do -- that's new stuff that may be getting added this
StEe_2hKA6U-00079-00056567-00057462 year to my workload -- depending on that, I may have a little more time in July. But
StEe_2hKA6U-00080-00057462-00058350 we'll see. So then, by the end of July, I should have all three books drafted.
StEe_2hKA6U-00081-00058350-00059187 Then jump into really editing the first book. Do a really solid editing pass in August,
StEe_2hKA6U-00082-00059187-00059651 and hopefully get that done before September. Because I would like to hand
StEe_2hKA6U-00083-00059651-00060326 it off to a beta reader or two in September, when I will not have time to
StEe_2hKA6U-00084-00060326-00061091 be doing much of anything until my seven week class ends. Class or classes. I'm not
StEe_2hKA6U-00085-00061091-00061425 sure if it's one or two this time. It's two this spring. Don't know what
StEe_2hKA6U-00086-00061425-00061802 next fall is going to look like yet. But at any rate, the first seven weeks of the
StEe_2hKA6U-00087-00061802-00062732 semester just, yeah, hectic. So I won't plan on doing any real heavy writing in
StEe_2hKA6U-00088-00062732-00063216 September. Probably not really much of anything until mid-october at which point
StEe_2hKA6U-00089-00063216-00063719 I'll be jumping into prep for November. What I end up doing for November, we'll
StEe_2hKA6U-00090-00063719-00064485 see. That may end up being the second draft of Whatever It Takes, which that's
StEe_2hKA6U-00091-00064485-00065025 just a working title, by the way. I'm sure that will not be the final title. I have
StEe_2hKA6U-00092-00065025-00065400 a habit that I have developed from the fandom... from the specific
StEe_2hKA6U-00093-00065400-00065990 fandom that I've been writing in of titling things based on songs. So the
StEe_2hKA6U-00094-00065990-00066429 Imagine Dragons song "Whatever It Takes" was sort of the theme song while I was
StEe_2hKA6U-00095-00066429-00067148 writing this draft, so that became the the title. That works okay in fandom.
StEe_2hKA6U-00096-00067148-00067797 Title isn't the main thing that grabs people, usually. It needs to be a little
StEe_2hKA6U-00097-00067797-00068142 more descriptive, cuz that tells you absolutely nothing about what the book
StEe_2hKA6U-00098-00068142-00068805 is about. Nothing at all, really. No. So it'll need another title down the
StEe_2hKA6U-00099-00068805-00069390 road, but for now Whatever It Takes. Probably going to end up working on
StEe_2hKA6U-00100-00069390-00070044 draft two next November, unless it is still being beta read and maybe I have
StEe_2hKA6U-00101-00070044-00070575 an idea for something new. We'll see. But I do want to do both camps and NaNoWriMo
StEe_2hKA6U-00102-00070575-00071481 next year and move Whatever It Takes along the process, hopefully get at least
StEe_2hKA6U-00103-00071481-00071937 a second draft done by the end of the year, and then we'll see where it goes
StEe_2hKA6U-00104-00071937-00072657 from there. One of my goals for December this year was to do AdventDrabbles, which
StEe_2hKA6U-00105-00072657-00073314 I started off. I got 10th... I had the first 10 days done. And then I hit my NaNoWriMo
StEe_2hKA6U-00106-00073314-00073922 hangover, and I have not written a single thing for that since. I did write my two
StEe_2hKA6U-00107-00073922-00074957 exchange stories, cuz I had signed up for holiday exchanges. They... they're done.
StEe_2hKA6U-00108-00074957-00075414 I feel like they both could have been better, but they are done. The people who
StEe_2hKA6U-00109-00075414-00075774 received them seem to be happy with them, so that's good.
StEe_2hKA6U-00110-00075774-00076331 I do want to get back and finish AdventDrabbles before the end of the year,
StEe_2hKA6U-00111-00076436-00076914 which comes to my total word count for the year which is currently at
StEe_2hKA6U-00112-00076914-00077793 193 thousand and something. It would be really cool to hit 200,000. It's December
StEe_2hKA6U-00113-00077793-00078492 28th. The odds on that are pretty slim but we'll see. Trying to compare this year to
StEe_2hKA6U-00114-00078492-00078925 last year, I'm not having much luck, because I don't know
StEe_2hKA6U-00115-00078925-00079430 what I did with last year's spreadsheet! Been using the same spreadsheet for years.
StEe_2hKA6U-00116-00079430-00079931 I can't put my hands on last year's. What I should be doing anyway is keeping the
StEe_2hKA6U-00117-00079931-00080281 same spreadsheet and just starting new tabs for each year, which is what I'm
StEe_2hKA6U-00118-00080281-00080695 going to do for 2019. That'll make comparisons from year to
StEe_2hKA6U-00119-00080695-00081467 year a little easier. So that's reading and writing goals from 2018 and into
StEe_2hKA6U-00120-00081467-00082142 2019. YouTube goals! I kept it really vague and
StEe_2hKA6U-00121-00082142-00083206 wide open and said, "How about a video a week?" Well, if you include all of the
StEe_2hKA6U-00122-00083206-00083875 semi-daily vlogs from NaNoWriMo and add up the entire year together, yes it will
StEe_2hKA6U-00123-00083875-00084647 ultimately add up to and average out to just about a video a week. That is not
StEe_2hKA6U-00124-00084647-00085360 the pattern at which things were uploaded, though.   So, I need to get a little better about that.
StEe_2hKA6U-00125-00085360-00086087 That's one of my... that's my big, probably, 2019 goal for this channel is get a
StEe_2hKA6U-00126-00086087-00086755 solid uploading schedule of some kind. Which probably means a lot of
StEe_2hKA6U-00127-00086755-00087379 pre-recording. I mentioned that I'm going to be teaching not just one but two
StEe_2hKA6U-00128-00087379-00087962 accelerated graduate courses over a seven week period the first half of
StEe_2hKA6U-00129-00087962-00088989 spring 2019. If I record a single YouTube video during that time, I will be shocked!
StEe_2hKA6U-00130-00088989-00090272 Just saying. So I need to try to get as much as possible done during January. So
StEe_2hKA6U-00131-00090272-00090895 if my overall goal for the year is that I want to have a video a week, anything
StEe_2hKA6U-00132-00090895-00091632 above that is just bonus, then to get through the first quarter of 2019, I
StEe_2hKA6U-00133-00091632-00092723 need to pre record 12 videos. I need to get on that starting... now.
StEe_2hKA6U-00134-00092723-00093281 What will the content be? Probably more or less the same as what it has been, which
StEe_2hKA6U-00135-00093281-00093851 is a lot of writing stuff, some reading stuff. I sort of dropped off the
StEe_2hKA6U-00136-00093851-00094967 bandwagon of giving book reviews. I don't know that there's going to be a whole
StEe_2hKA6U-00137-00094967-00095369 lot in the way of book reviews, although if I do do any it will probably be about writing
StEe_2hKA6U-00138-00095369-00096239 craft videos or whatever AuthorTuber books I read. Language learning. Well, I
StEe_2hKA6U-00139-00096239-00096971 haven't done so great in that department. I did finish the ASL one class. I did
StEe_2hKA6U-00140-00096971-00097724 learn a bit more Icelandic. I did get some of the Harry Potter books in
StEe_2hKA6U-00141-00097724-00098381 Icelandic. Haven't actually read any of them, so if none of that is happening,
StEe_2hKA6U-00142-00098381-00099110 there's not a whole lot on language learning that I can say. We'll see.
StEe_2hKA6U-00143-00099110-00100049 That may re-emerge as a thing. And then nursey writing stuff. That I want to do more of.
StEe_2hKA6U-00144-00100049-00100619 I would like to do at least one of those per month. Considering the rate at which
StEe_2hKA6U-00145-00100619-00101003 I'm getting around to the one that I've been saying I'm going to do for a while
StEe_2hKA6U-00146-00101003-00101642 now, that might be a bit of a stretch, but it still seems like... it sounds like a
StEe_2hKA6U-00147-00101642-00102563 completely reasonable goal. Let's just say that. And then the occasional bullet
StEe_2hKA6U-00148-00102563-00102968 journal video. I don't know that I'll do like a monthly "plan with me," type thing,
StEe_2hKA6U-00149-00102968-00103724 but I will probably do some plan with me's that includes specifically AuthorTube-y
StEe_2hKA6U-00150-00103724-00104559 type stuff. Specifically spreads related to NaNoWriMo or related to the flow of
StEe_2hKA6U-00151-00104559-00105360 revision, that sort of thing. Yeah, so that's it.
StEe_2hKA6U-00152-00105360-00105973 Looking at the little counter here on the camera, it's already over 20 minutes.
StEe_2hKA6U-00153-00105973-00106233 I'm going to need to edit this down because I don't actually want this to be
StEe_2hKA6U-00154-00106233-00107496 that long. That makes this a good place to stop. If you have put up a video on
StEe_2hKA6U-00155-00107523-00107953 2018-2019 goals, please let me below, if I haven't already
StEe_2hKA6U-00156-00107953-00108898 seen and commented on it, and if you don't do videos and you just want to
StEe_2hKA6U-00157-00108898-00109321 share some of your 2018 goals and how they went and what your plans are for
StEe_2hKA6U-00158-00109321-00109804 2019, please do! I would love to hear. And until next time, I hope you have a
StEe_2hKA6U-00159-00109804-00110214 wonderful day. Bye!
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00000-00000000-00000342 Title: Simontive 5 Episode 38 What is this about?
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00001-00000342-00000700 Title: Near Dogland's International Border
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00002-00000754-00001006 Simon: The border is closed. I wonder why it is that way.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00003-00001142-00001458 Yi: We knew that you would come here to see our project.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00004-00001568-00002134 Mr. Dinosaur: Yes, are you trying to nuke someone? Yoshi's Island is protected.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00005-00002246-00002894 Yi: You found out. You should not deal with them because they are foreign.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00006-00003032-00003470 Simon: They are in our territory now because they want protection against you guys.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00007-00003882-00004140 Kimon: I am here. It's called y'all.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00008-00004314-00004746 Yi: No debate. We must get rid of this weird argument.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00009-00004826-00004982 Penguin Jr.: This will happen.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00010-00005158-00005970 Mr. Dinosaur: Our focus is on Yoshi's Island, or the Chinese will win. You all should pay attention.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00011-00006118-00006576 Simon: Part 2 of this season will end on the 40th episode. Someone get them.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00012-00006576-00006976 *Geese*
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00013-00006976-00007642 Yi: Those geese will be good food at the kitchen. They may need to fried or yet hay.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00014-00007642-00007881 Narrator: This is a good time to make a move.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00015-00007881-00008052 Simon: I will call the army.
SFkNI1ZxoGc-00016-00008134-00008254 Green Pig: No way.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00000-00000014-00000244 Sadhguru: I never liked to go to school when I was young.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00001-00000244-00000648 So (Laughs) I thought why should I put her through something.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00002-00000648-00001183 When she became fifteen and cleared her tenth standard, I took her out of formal education.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00003-00001183-00001655 And then she said, “You’re teaching everybody so many things, you're not teaching me anything.”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00004-00001655-00002400 I said, “This is all you need to know.”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00005-00002400-00003032 I had enough on my hand,  so I never intended the thought,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00006-00003032-00003306 “We should have a child of our own.”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00007-00003306-00003640 But my wife said, “At least one.”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00008-00003640-00004074 I said, “Okay, one, only one (Laughs).”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00009-00004074-00004564 So that happened and from the age of…
SI5s4ISHZtE-00010-00004564-00004918 when she was an infant, three,  three-and-a-half months of age,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00011-00004918-00005164 I drove across South India,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00012-00005164-00005504 with her strapped to my front  seat to the car, me driving alone.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00013-00005504-00005796 Just my one hand here,  one hand on steering wheel.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00014-00005796-00006214 This was the time we were building Isha Foundation, so I traveled extensively,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00015-00006214-00006598 and she was traveling with me when she  was three-and-a-half-months old infant.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00016-00006598-00007028 So first four years she grew up  in the car with me (Laughs).
SI5s4ISHZtE-00017-00007028-00007234 And in many people's homes.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00018-00007238-00007466 So she met thousands of people,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00019-00007466-00007866 and she learned how to become a  part of any home, anywhere,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00020-00007868-00008318 whether it's a… whether it's a  most affluent home in the world,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00021-00008318-00008632 or you know, a tribal home
SI5s4ISHZtE-00022-00008632-00009022 where… just about anywhere I stayed I made sure that she was exposed to everything.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00023-00009022-00009384 I didn't want her to develop prejudices or privileges of you know,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00024-00009384-00009640 choices of where to be and  where not to be.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00025-00009640-00010022 And by the time she was  three years of age,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00026-00010022-00010286 she at least knew a  thousand people by name.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00027-00010286-00010374 She… which…
SI5s4ISHZtE-00028-00010374-00010736 whom she considered her friends  definitely not have her age,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00029-00010738-00010970 all (Laughs) grown-up people.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00030-00010970-00011272 So the tremendous exposure to people,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00031-00011272-00011538 and I thought I won't send  her to school because I…
SI5s4ISHZtE-00032-00011538-00011784 I never liked to go to school  when I was young (Laughs).
SI5s4ISHZtE-00033-00011784-00012126 So I thought why should I put through something.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00034-00012126-00012622 Then the only thing I could not provide her is children of her own age.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00035-00012622-00013094 So I put her to a school  which is not so competitive, not so pushy.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00036-00013094-00013622 So I looked for a school  which was started by J. Krishnamurti,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00037-00013622-00013969 and I put her there so that it's easy and I said,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00038-00013969-00014402 “Further you go easy on my girl, because I don't want…
SI5s4ISHZtE-00039-00014402-00014680 I'm not going to report…  look at her report card.”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00040-00014680-00014902 I'm not going to ask which rank you are.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00041-00014902-00015130 I'm not going to ask what  are you going to become.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00042-00015130-00015458 So don't have to bother about her marks or academics.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00043-00015458-00015690 If she plays, if she eats well, I'm happy.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00044-00015690-00015876 She's growing up, she must eat well.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00045-00015876-00016258 If she plays well, if she laughs, if she sings, if she dances, I'm fine.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00046-00016258-00016780 I'm not concerned about this,  because when I was in school,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00047-00016780-00017058 every test I was very consistent.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00048-00017058-00017280 I always got six zeros (Laughter).
SI5s4ISHZtE-00049-00017280-00017672 Because I never wrote a word on any page.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00050-00017674-00018132 If they insisted, I wrote my name,  otherwise I wouldn't write.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00051-00018132-00018306 And the final exam came,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00052-00018306-00018534 I only worked for thirty-five and I always
SI5s4ISHZtE-00053-00018534-00018756 got thirty-five, thirty-six, I just calculated.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00054-00018756-00019082 I've never sat in an examination  hall beyond thirty minutes.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00055-00019082-00019326 First bell, I'm always out.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00056-00019326-00019828 And I just calculated for what it takes to move on with my friends to the next class
SI5s4ISHZtE-00057-00019828-00020048 and that's all I did.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00058-00020048-00020558 Why I'm saying this is, this whole thing I used to watch as a child –
SI5s4ISHZtE-00059-00020558-00020786 when the report card came every month,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00060-00020786-00021124 some children are crying in the classroom because they've got
SI5s4ISHZtE-00061-00021124-00021520 not the marks that their tiger parents want.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00062-00021520-00021996 And some are strutting around because they are first or second or whatever.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00063-00021996-00022298 I… whenever the teacher  gave me the card,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00064-00022298-00022740 this report thing, I just took  it and gave it to my father.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00065-00022740-00023024 I never ever opened and saw
SI5s4ISHZtE-00066-00023024-00023340 because I thought this is a transaction  between the teacher and the…
SI5s4ISHZtE-00067-00023340-00024044 my father. I don't want to intrude  and see what is going on there (Laughter).
SI5s4ISHZtE-00068-00024044-00024438 So I, I particularly requested the  principal of the school,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00069-00024438-00024664 “Don't worry about my girl’s education.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00070-00024664-00024956 I just want her to be with children of her age group.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00071-00024956-00025356 She eats well… just make sure she eats well, that’s my only concern.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00072-00025356-00025927 She eats well, she's playing, she's laughing, she's jumping and dancing – I'm fine with this.”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00073-00025927-00026398 So when she came… when she became fifteen and cleared her tenth standard,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00074-00026398-00026686 I took her out of formal education and
SI5s4ISHZtE-00075-00026686-00027127 because it was her mother's dream  and the girl also was very interested,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00076-00027127-00027415 I put her into dancing and she went into bharatanatyam,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00077-00027416-00027864 and now she's one of the  upcoming artists in the country.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00078-00027864-00028226 So I never treated her as a child, first thing.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00079-00028226-00028652 From the age of two when the… from the time she started speaking,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00080-00028652-00028918 I always treated her as  an equal, as an adult.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00081-00028918-00029372 I put whatever… managed,  you know, building a foundation.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00082-00029374-00029568 It's run by volunteers.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00083-00029570-00029894 Volunteers means we're doing variety of work.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00084-00029894-00030495 We're running businesses, we're running major projects and activity across the globe.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00085-00030495-00031130 None of them except a few who teach, none of them are trained for this job.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00086-00031130-00031422 Okay. Because I can't…
SI5s4ISHZtE-00087-00031422-00032088 I can't wait and pick somebody from IIT or IIM or something.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00088-00032088-00032592 Those who get rejected by all of you, probably they come to me (Laughs).
SI5s4ISHZtE-00089-00032592-00033070 Whoever comes, I take them and put them into this job, that job, all kinds of jobs.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00090-00033070-00033340 So what can be done with one word,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00091-00033340-00033752 I have to speak one hundred words,  to make them understand,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00092-00033752-00034170 for them to stay on the job,  to remain committed, to keep it going.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00093-00034170-00034604 And any… because they are volunteers, you can't fire them.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00094-00034604-00034978 Whatever the… you can't fire  them for inefficiency or this or that.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00095-00034978-00035348 So whatever problems in the organization, in the management,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00096-00035348-00035662 in individual people's problems,  adult problems, all kinds –
SI5s4ISHZtE-00097-00035662-00036072 I always once in a way I gave her  one of the problem and said, “What is it?”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00098-00036072-00036572 She used to come out with incredible, her own childish… childlike solutions.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00099-00036572-00037014 Sometimes perfect solution,  sometimes something wacky.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00100-00037014-00037340 Around twelve, thirteen years  of age she came home one day
SI5s4ISHZtE-00101-00037340-00037822 and she was disturbed about something that  she saw, something that happened at school.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00102-00037822-00038374 And then she said “You're teaching everybody so many things, you're not teaching me anything.”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00103-00038374-00038826 I said see, “I am not known  to teach anything unsolicited.”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00104-00038826-00039180 Here you have come, now sit down (Laughs).
SI5s4ISHZtE-00105-00039180-00039770 Said this is all you need to know – “You'll never look up to anybody.”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00106-00039770-00040142 Eyebrows rising, “What about you?”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00107-00040142-00040386 I said, “Especially me,”
SI5s4ISHZtE-00108-00040386-00040892 because the value of who I am  is only if you see me the way I am.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00109-00040892-00041040 If you look up to me,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00110-00041040-00041512 you will nail me to the wall and maybe smoke me, light an incense
SI5s4ISHZtE-00111-00041512-00041876 or put a mala around me and forget about me.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00112-00041876-00042068 This is not going to change  your life in any way.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00113-00042068-00042370 You must just see me the way I am.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00114-00042370-00042598 You must see me just for what I am.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00115-00042598-00042824 Then I'm of immense value to you.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00116-00042824-00043060 But if you look up to me, you will miss it.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00117-00043060-00043260 So never look up to anybody.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00118-00043260-00043520 Never look down on anybody.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00119-00043520-00043902 If you do this one thing, you  will see everything just the way it is.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00120-00043902-00044150 Only if you see things the way they are,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00121-00044150-00044492 you can navigate effortlessly, isn't it so?
SI5s4ISHZtE-00122-00044492-00044666 This is so with life also.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00123-00044666-00044942 Only if you see everything just  the way it is,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00124-00044942-00045304 you can navigate through life effortlessly.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00125-00045306-00045638 This is all the ability you  need to give to your child.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00126-00045638-00045856 So I always treated her as an adult,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00127-00045856-00046148 never trying to place myself above her.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00128-00046148-00046610 This is the fundamental management I did that she need not look up to anybody
SI5s4ISHZtE-00129-00046610-00046772 nor look down to anybody.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00130-00046772-00047078 Just look at level at everything  the way it is.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00131-00047078-00047390 Just learning to see  life just the way it is.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00132-00047394-00047666 Looking up is a lie. Looking down is a lie.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00133-00047666-00048320 Looking up is coming from a certain prejudice, looking down is coming from a certain prejudice.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00134-00048320-00048606 Being able to treat every life, everything,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00135-00048606-00048964 whatever it is, this is, this is our culture, I want you to understand.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00136-00048964-00049342 It doesn't matter… if a paper,  just a sheet of paper –
SI5s4ISHZtE-00137-00049342-00049578 when we were growing up one paper,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00138-00049578-00049936 you cannot step on it. Yes. Yes or no?
SI5s4ISHZtE-00139-00049936-00050170 Many of you have grown  up like this in your homes.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00140-00050170-00050514 Just a printed paper, it's nothing. Maybe the news is rubbish.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00141-00050514-00050988 But you're not supposed to step on it because you educate yourself through that.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00142-00050990-00051294 If you want to step on the  earth, you bow down to it.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00143-00051294-00051584 You don't look up to something  or look down to something.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00144-00051584-00051984 What you do to your god,  you do to everything.
SI5s4ISHZtE-00145-00051984-00052328 This, not talking about in  any cultural or religious way,
SI5s4ISHZtE-00146-00052328-00052534 simply I brought it forth in her life
SI5s4ISHZtE-00147-00052534-00053240 and I think it's  worked out  wonderfully well… well for her.