XCfsJHaoQBQ-00000-00000016-00000295 turn my camera on let's go let's go
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00001-00000296-00000924 let's go
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00002-00000925-00002142 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00003-00002143-00002396 oh
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00005-00006495-00006652 is
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00006-00006653-00008246 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00007-00008247-00008467 american
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00008-00008468-00011366 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00009-00011367-00012110 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00010-00012111-00012678 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00011-00012679-00012802 come
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00012-00012803-00013046 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00013-00013047-00013211 is
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00014-00013212-00013746 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00015-00013747-00014486 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00016-00014487-00014790 oh
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00017-00014791-00016422 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00018-00016423-00017014 down
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00019-00017015-00017124 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00020-00017125-00017498 [Applause]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00021-00017499-00017926 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00022-00017927-00017951 [Applause]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00023-00017952-00019358 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00024-00019359-00020017 a miracle
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00025-00020018-00021047 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00026-00021048-00021238 foreign
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00027-00021239-00022486 [Music]
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00028-00022487-00022719 my
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00029-00022720-00023533 oh
XCfsJHaoQBQ-00030-00023534-00024149 [Music]
XCGKtji46Qg-00000-00000017-00000257 the men's 100 meters backstroke
XCGKtji46Qg-00001-00000258-00000451 competition of the swimming events at
XCGKtji46Qg-00002-00000452-00000661 the 2011 World Aquatics Championships
XCGKtji46Qg-00003-00000662-00000862 was held on July 25th with the
XCGKtji46Qg-00004-00000863-00001061 preliminary round and the semi finals in
XCGKtji46Qg-00005-00001062-00002245 July 26th with the final topic records
XCGKtji46Qg-00006-00002246-00002513 prior to the competition the existing
XCGKtji46Qg-00007-00002514-00002705 world and championship records were as
XCGKtji46Qg-00008-00002706-00004694 follows topic results topic heats 50
XCGKtji46Qg-00009-00004695-00005335 swimmer participated in seven heats
XCGKtji46Qg-00010-00005336-00005984 topic swim off as two swimmers had the
XCGKtji46Qg-00011-00005985-00006202 same time in the heats at place 16 they
XCGKtji46Qg-00012-00006203-00006383 had to participate in a swim off to
XCGKtji46Qg-00013-00006384-00006592 determine the last semi-final swimmer it
XCGKtji46Qg-00014-00006593-00007834 was held at 11:36 topic semi finals the
XCGKtji46Qg-00015-00007836-00008603 semi finals were held at 1810 topic semi
XCGKtji46Qg-00016-00008604-00010231 final one topic semi final two topic
XCGKtji46Qg-00017-00010232-00011057 final the final was held at 1906
XFzOCXKkLXk-00000-00000086-00000382 [Music]
XFzOCXKkLXk-00001-00000383-00000634 hey everyone this is an alcohol free
XFzOCXKkLXk-00002-00000635-00000833 life of Terry G thanks a lot for
XFzOCXKkLXk-00003-00000834-00000998 stopping by and watching my video if he
XFzOCXKkLXk-00004-00000999-00001129 could take a second
XFzOCXKkLXk-00005-00001130-00001277 can you please subscribe to my channel
XFzOCXKkLXk-00006-00001278-00001507 I'd really appreciate it again thanks a
XFzOCXKkLXk-00007-00001508-00001643 lot for stopping by I'm just out here
XFzOCXKkLXk-00008-00001644-00001898 walking my dog on a beautiful Friday
XFzOCXKkLXk-00009-00001898-00002176 morning sobriety is great living life
XFzOCXKkLXk-00010-00002177-00002384 one day at a time and let me tell you
XFzOCXKkLXk-00011-00002385-00002593 something for a guy like me it's a
XFzOCXKkLXk-00012-00002594-00002807 miracle it's a miracle that I have a
XFzOCXKkLXk-00013-00002808-00003029 great life and how do I do that I just
XFzOCXKkLXk-00014-00003030-00003352 simply stayed silver one day at a time
XFzOCXKkLXk-00015-00003353-00003659 sometimes it felt like like a month that
XFzOCXKkLXk-00016-00003660-00004001 day but I stayed silver and over time I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00017-00004002-00004204 got better and I have a regular life
XFzOCXKkLXk-00018-00004205-00004475 just like anybody else what I want to
XFzOCXKkLXk-00019-00004476-00004627 talk to you today about I want to talk
XFzOCXKkLXk-00020-00004628-00004994 about feeling anxious nervous in a
XFzOCXKkLXk-00021-00004995-00005347 social situation without drinking like
XFzOCXKkLXk-00022-00005348-00005652 how do you deal with a social situation
XFzOCXKkLXk-00023-00005653-00005968 without drinking are using drugs you
XFzOCXKkLXk-00024-00005969-00006206 know alcohol and drugs are also called
XFzOCXKkLXk-00025-00006207-00006563 the social lubricant calms us down it
XFzOCXKkLXk-00026-00006564-00006848 makes us feel confident it relaxes us
XFzOCXKkLXk-00027-00006848-00007148 before we go into a social event the
XFzOCXKkLXk-00028-00007148-00007289 other day I went to a strange meeting
XFzOCXKkLXk-00029-00007290-00007478 I've never been to I felt like a
XFzOCXKkLXk-00030-00007479-00007684 newcomer I walk into this meeting I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00031-00007686-00007931 start getting nervous inside my heart
XFzOCXKkLXk-00032-00007931-00008180 starts racing all this stuff is
XFzOCXKkLXk-00033-00008181-00008417 happening to me and nothing is going on
XFzOCXKkLXk-00034-00008418-00008609 the only thing that's going on is I'm
XFzOCXKkLXk-00035-00008610-00008738 feeling nervous that everybody's looking
XFzOCXKkLXk-00036-00008739-00008984 at me or I don't know what the hell was
XFzOCXKkLXk-00037-00008985-00009212 going on but I get like that when I go
XFzOCXKkLXk-00038-00009213-00009428 into situations where I don't know a lot
XFzOCXKkLXk-00039-00009429-00009680 of people another one I was that I went
XFzOCXKkLXk-00040-00009681-00009848 to a baby christening the other day and
XFzOCXKkLXk-00041-00009849-00010121 the same thing happened this time there
XFzOCXKkLXk-00042-00010122-00010334 is alcohol there and that doesn't really
XFzOCXKkLXk-00043-00010335-00010531 make me feel nervous anymore but I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00044-00010532-00010691 didn't know too many people and I was
XFzOCXKkLXk-00045-00010692-00010935 feeling nervous I was getting agitated
XFzOCXKkLXk-00046-00010936-00011188 my heart started to race I started
XFzOCXKkLXk-00047-00011189-00011444 almost picking a fight with the person I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00048-00011445-00011642 was with because I start complaining
XFzOCXKkLXk-00049-00011643-00011803 about things that I didn't really want
XFzOCXKkLXk-00050-00011804-00012028 to go and what is this because I'm
XFzOCXKkLXk-00051-00012029-00012314 feeling this social anxiety
XFzOCXKkLXk-00052-00012315-00012563 or I'm getting anxious about the
XFzOCXKkLXk-00053-00012564-00012821 situation I wish I didn't have to do it
XFzOCXKkLXk-00054-00012822-00013094 and I like to emphasize that nothing is
XFzOCXKkLXk-00055-00013095-00013296 really going on it's just all you need
XFzOCXKkLXk-00056-00013297-00013544 no one is expecting me to say anything
XFzOCXKkLXk-00057-00013545-00013833 or do anything I'm just thinking that I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00058-00013834-00014216 don't have social anxiety I guess and I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00059-00014218-00014490 used to used alcohol and drugs to take
XFzOCXKkLXk-00060-00014491-00014775 the edge off to take the edge off you
XFzOCXKkLXk-00061-00014776-00014922 know there's nothing like smoking a
XFzOCXKkLXk-00062-00014922-00015203 reefer or having a few beers before I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00063-00015204-00015461 went into those situations to calm me
XFzOCXKkLXk-00064-00015462-00015702 down the feel more a part of the feel
XFzOCXKkLXk-00065-00015703-00016011 whole to get my centre back I used to do
XFzOCXKkLXk-00066-00016012-00016269 it all the time I've been in sobriety
XFzOCXKkLXk-00067-00016269-00016719 for 25 years and I still feel like that
XFzOCXKkLXk-00068-00016720-00017088 I feel extremely self-centered when I go
XFzOCXKkLXk-00069-00017089-00017378 into situations or events I really don't
XFzOCXKkLXk-00070-00017379-00017678 know anybody or there's something of me
XFzOCXKkLXk-00071-00017679-00017978 to do and how do I deal with that how do
XFzOCXKkLXk-00072-00017979-00018264 I deal with that well first of all I do
XFzOCXKkLXk-00073-00018265-00018669 not not dull I make sure I go like
XFzOCXKkLXk-00074-00018670-00018881 sobriety doesn't have to be a walk on
XFzOCXKkLXk-00075-00018882-00019086 coals so if you're really super nervous
XFzOCXKkLXk-00076-00019087-00019299 you don't have to do it you don't have
XFzOCXKkLXk-00077-00019300-00019481 to listen to this video you don't have
XFzOCXKkLXk-00078-00019482-00019677 to do it but if you're feeling really
XFzOCXKkLXk-00079-00019678-00019944 nervous and anxious about a situation
XFzOCXKkLXk-00080-00019945-00020250 just just think about what is going on
XFzOCXKkLXk-00081-00020251-00020480 what is going on here and usually it's
XFzOCXKkLXk-00082-00020481-00020694 really nothing it's just us who is
XFzOCXKkLXk-00083-00020695-00020909 nervous it's just us who's feeling
XFzOCXKkLXk-00084-00020910-00021203 uncomfortable because those situations -
XFzOCXKkLXk-00085-00021204-00021411 a recovering alcoholic or drug addict
XFzOCXKkLXk-00086-00021412-00021740 can be very very stressful and unnerving
XFzOCXKkLXk-00087-00021741-00021956 they really really can't especially if
XFzOCXKkLXk-00088-00021957-00022130 it's a family situation sometimes and
XFzOCXKkLXk-00089-00022131-00022371 you you might have a few resentments so
XFzOCXKkLXk-00090-00022372-00022600 recognizing that it is hot
XFzOCXKkLXk-00091-00022601-00023002 is a huge huge what is it a cure just
XFzOCXKkLXk-00092-00023003-00023290 recognizing that you're feeling anxious
XFzOCXKkLXk-00093-00023291-00023533 you feeling nervous you know for me I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00094-00023534-00023647 even have to go to the washroom
XFzOCXKkLXk-00095-00023648-00023929 sometimes like in a social situation I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00096-00023930-00024091 sometimes I have to wash them two or
XFzOCXKkLXk-00097-00024092-00024319 three times before I enter it that's how
XFzOCXKkLXk-00098-00024320-00024583 nervous I get that's so crazy this for
XFzOCXKkLXk-00099-00024584-00024904 me so what I do is I just recognize that
XFzOCXKkLXk-00100-00024905-00025237 nothing really is going on it's just me
XFzOCXKkLXk-00101-00025238-00025438 thinking about it me thinking that I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00102-00025439-00025642 have to do something me thinking that
XFzOCXKkLXk-00103-00025643-00025780 they're all gonna look at me and judge
XFzOCXKkLXk-00104-00025781-00026062 me it's only me one thing I don't do I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00105-00026063-00026314 don't drink or use any sort of drugs to
XFzOCXKkLXk-00106-00026314-00026593 deal with it I just go through it and
XFzOCXKkLXk-00107-00026594-00027014 most of the time 99.9% of the time
XFzOCXKkLXk-00108-00027016-00027376 absolutely zero is going on in that
XFzOCXKkLXk-00109-00027377-00027858 situation absolutely zero so by doing it
XFzOCXKkLXk-00110-00027860-00028051 walking through it going in you don't
XFzOCXKkLXk-00111-00028052-00028243 have to be the life of the party just go
XFzOCXKkLXk-00112-00028244-00028519 in and stay calm and people talk to you
XFzOCXKkLXk-00113-00028520-00028689 and you'll see what I mean and that's it
XFzOCXKkLXk-00114-00028691-00028873 usually happens to me soon I go in and
XFzOCXKkLXk-00115-00028874-00029173 start talking to people I start becoming
XFzOCXKkLXk-00116-00029174-00029476 less self-centered before I go in I also
XFzOCXKkLXk-00117-00029477-00029695 take some deep breaths like I said
XFzOCXKkLXk-00118-00029695-00029905 earlier I'd say a little prayer I try
XFzOCXKkLXk-00119-00029906-00030183 and let it go and I say to myself Terry
XFzOCXKkLXk-00120-00030183-00030481 you are going to be okay this event is
XFzOCXKkLXk-00121-00030482-00030708 going to be fine you're going to have a
XFzOCXKkLXk-00122-00030710-00030907 good time so I try and do some really
XFzOCXKkLXk-00123-00030908-00031152 positive self-talk I don't need drugs or
XFzOCXKkLXk-00124-00031153-00031383 alcohol to cope with my life there's
XFzOCXKkLXk-00125-00031385-00031657 enough support that I have through
XFzOCXKkLXk-00126-00031658-00031937 friends and 12-step programs therapy
XFzOCXKkLXk-00127-00031938-00032262 partners family that I can make it
XFzOCXKkLXk-00128-00032263-00032476 through anything I can make it through
XFzOCXKkLXk-00129-00032477-00032668 anything you know what I find the
XFzOCXKkLXk-00130-00032669-00032848 strangest thing about this video is that
XFzOCXKkLXk-00131-00032849-00033169 most people would not even think that I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00132-00033170-00033256 get nervous
XFzOCXKkLXk-00133-00033257-00033604 or feel low self-worth when I enter into
XFzOCXKkLXk-00134-00033605-00033706 a social event
XFzOCXKkLXk-00135-00033707-00033996 most people consider me a pretty
XFzOCXKkLXk-00136-00033997-00034282 confident guy they really do believe it
XFzOCXKkLXk-00137-00034283-00034573 or not but I do feel like that you know
XFzOCXKkLXk-00138-00034574-00034830 when you get off drugs and
XFzOCXKkLXk-00139-00034831-00035162 every new event that you go to you're
XFzOCXKkLXk-00140-00035163-00035379 going to feel probably a little nervous
XFzOCXKkLXk-00141-00035380-00035649 about it and it's perfectly normal
XFzOCXKkLXk-00142-00035650-00035996 because everything we do once we stop
XFzOCXKkLXk-00143-00035997-00036324 drinking or using drugs is brand new to
XFzOCXKkLXk-00144-00036325-00036705 us it's brand new T it really really is
XFzOCXKkLXk-00145-00036706-00037077 so go easy on yourself understand that
XFzOCXKkLXk-00146-00037078-00037265 feeling nervous feeling anxious is
XFzOCXKkLXk-00147-00037266-00037530 pretty damn normal for a recovering
XFzOCXKkLXk-00148-00037531-00037793 addict or alcoholic it's really normal
XFzOCXKkLXk-00149-00037794-00038093 it really really is okay another tip I
XFzOCXKkLXk-00150-00038094-00038295 can give to you is that if you go to a
XFzOCXKkLXk-00151-00038296-00038661 social situation stay there for one and
XFzOCXKkLXk-00152-00038662-00038954 a half hours that is socially acceptable
XFzOCXKkLXk-00153-00038955-00039264 so if you can make it an hour and 15 an
XFzOCXKkLXk-00154-00039265-00039543 hour and a half at that event you can
XFzOCXKkLXk-00155-00039544-00039687 just say you have to go somewhere else
XFzOCXKkLXk-00156-00039688-00039912 and people will not even notice it
XFzOCXKkLXk-00157-00039913-00040104 they won't even notice it really to be
XFzOCXKkLXk-00158-00040105-00040386 honest with you so that's it that's it
XFzOCXKkLXk-00159-00040387-00040605 for the video this is an alcohol free
XFzOCXKkLXk-00160-00040606-00040920 life of Terry G and as usual look after
XFzOCXKkLXk-00161-00040921-00040974 yourself
XFzOCXKkLXk-00162-00040975-00041256 because it shows it really really does
XFzOCXKkLXk-00163-00041257-00041595 live life one day at a time do the best
XFzOCXKkLXk-00164-00041596-00041820 you can and let me tell you something
XFzOCXKkLXk-00165-00041821-00042083 miracles will come and they will leave
XFzOCXKkLXk-00166-00042084-00042318 you and they will come again but don't
XFzOCXKkLXk-00167-00042319-00042570 give up on your sobriety never give up
XFzOCXKkLXk-00168-00042571-00042812 on yourself and keep watching my channel
XFzOCXKkLXk-00169-00042813-00043040 okay thanks a lot for stopping by
XFzOCXKkLXk-00170-00043041-00043346 I'm Terry G
XFeRLMs7aJu-00000-00000068-00000356 Software Defined Networking Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00001-00000357-00000548 technology as an approach to cloud
XFeRLMs7aJu-00002-00000549-00000743 computing that facilitates network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00003-00000744-00000947 management and enables programmatically
XFeRLMs7aJu-00004-00000948-00001178 efficient network configuration in order
XFeRLMs7aJu-00005-00001179-00001361 to improve network performance and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00006-00001362-00001676 monitoring Sdn is meant to address the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00007-00001677-00001862 fact that the static architecture of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00008-00001863-00002081 traditional networks is decentralized in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00009-00002082-00002270 complex while current networks require
XFeRLMs7aJu-00010-00002271-00002443 more flexibility and easy
XFeRLMs7aJu-00011-00002444-00002758 troubleshooting Sdn suggests two
XFeRLMs7aJu-00012-00002759-00002968 centralized network intelligence in one
XFeRLMs7aJu-00013-00002969-00003197 network component by disassociating the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00014-00003198-00003401 forwarding process of network packets
XFeRLMs7aJu-00015-00003402-00003599 data plane from the routing process
XFeRLMs7aJu-00016-00003600-00003977 control plane the control plane consists
XFeRLMs7aJu-00017-00003978-00004147 of one or more controllers which are
XFeRLMs7aJu-00018-00004148-00004363 considered as the brain of Sdn network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00019-00004364-00004508 where the whole intelligence is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00020-00004509-00004609 incorporated
XFeRLMs7aJu-00021-00004610-00004906 however the intelligent centralization
XFeRLMs7aJu-00022-00004907-00005104 has its own drawbacks when it comes to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00023-00005105-00005390 security scalability and elasticity and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00024-00005391-00005777 this is the main issue of Sdn Sdn was
XFeRLMs7aJu-00025-00005778-00005972 commonly associated with the OpenFlow
XFeRLMs7aJu-00026-00005973-00006209 protocol for remote communication with
XFeRLMs7aJu-00027-00006210-00006406 network plane elements for the purpose
XFeRLMs7aJu-00028-00006408-00006566 of determining the path of network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00029-00006567-00006796 packets across network switches since
XFeRLMs7aJu-00030-00006797-00007106 the latter's emergence in 2011 however
XFeRLMs7aJu-00031-00007106-00007409 since 2012 open flow for many companies
XFeRLMs7aJu-00032-00007409-00007645 is no longer an exclusive solution they
XFeRLMs7aJu-00033-00007647-00007838 added proprietary techniques
XFeRLMs7aJu-00034-00007839-00008162 these include Cisco Systems open network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00035-00008163-00008345 environment and nasira's network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00036-00008346-00008732 virtualization platform sd1 applies
XFeRLMs7aJu-00037-00008733-00008956 similar technology to a wide area
XFeRLMs7aJu-00038-00008957-00009188 network one
XFeRLMs7aJu-00039-00009189-00009563 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00040-00009564-00010092 topic history
XFeRLMs7aJu-00041-00010093-00010365 the history of SDN principles can be
XFeRLMs7aJu-00042-00010366-00010554 traced back to the separation of the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00043-00010555-00010779 control and data plane first used in the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00044-00010780-00010980 public switched telephone network as a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00045-00010981-00011148 way to simplify provisioning and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00046-00011149-00011349 management well before this architecture
XFeRLMs7aJu-00047-00011350-00011682 began to be used in data networks the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00048-00011683-00011948 internet Engineering Task Force IETF
XFeRLMs7aJu-00049-00011949-00012183 began considering various ways to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00050-00012184-00012375 decouple the control and forwarding
XFeRLMs7aJu-00051-00012376-00012549 functions in a proposed interface
XFeRLMs7aJu-00052-00012550-00012837 standard published in 2004 appropriately
XFeRLMs7aJu-00053-00012838-00013104 named forwarding and control elements
XFeRLMs7aJu-00054-00013105-00013461 separation forces the forces working
XFeRLMs7aJu-00055-00013462-00013680 group also proposed a companion soft
XFeRLMs7aJu-00056-00013681-00013932 router architecture additional early
XFeRLMs7aJu-00057-00013933-00014175 standards from the IETF that pursued
XFeRLMs7aJu-00058-00014176-00014403 separating control from data include the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00059-00014404-00014604 Linux net link as an IP services
XFeRLMs7aJu-00060-00014605-00014859 protocol and a path computation element
XFeRLMs7aJu-00061-00014860-00015150 PCE based architecture these early
XFeRLMs7aJu-00062-00015151-00015354 attempts failed to gain traction for two
XFeRLMs7aJu-00063-00015355-00015657 reasons one is that many in the Internet
XFeRLMs7aJu-00064-00015658-00015876 community viewed separating control from
XFeRLMs7aJu-00065-00015877-00016122 data to be risky especially owing to the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00066-00016122-00016319 potential for a failure in the control
XFeRLMs7aJu-00067-00016320-00016587 plane the second is that vendors were
XFeRLMs7aJu-00068-00016588-00016761 concerned that creating standard
XFeRLMs7aJu-00069-00016762-00017022 application programming interfaces api's
XFeRLMs7aJu-00070-00017023-00017225 between the control and data planes
XFeRLMs7aJu-00071-00017226-00017462 would result in increased competition
XFeRLMs7aJu-00072-00017463-00017784 the use of open-source software in split
XFeRLMs7aJu-00073-00017785-00018044 control data plane architectures traces
XFeRLMs7aJu-00074-00018045-00018240 its roots to the ethane project at
XFeRLMs7aJu-00075-00018241-00018500 Stanford's Computer Sciences Department
XFeRLMs7aJu-00076-00018501-00018780 attains simple switch design led to the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00077-00018781-00019086 creation of open flow an API for open
XFeRLMs7aJu-00078-00019087-00019475 flow was first created in 2008 that same
XFeRLMs7aJu-00079-00019476-00019694 year witnessed the creation of NOx an
XFeRLMs7aJu-00080-00019695-00019965 operating system for networks work on
XFeRLMs7aJu-00081-00019966-00020147 open flow continued at Stanford
XFeRLMs7aJu-00082-00020148-00020358 including with the creation of test beds
XFeRLMs7aJu-00083-00020359-00020580 to evaluate use of the protocol in a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00084-00020581-00020802 single campus network as well as across
XFeRLMs7aJu-00085-00020803-00020991 the one as a backbone for connecting
XFeRLMs7aJu-00086-00020992-00021294 multiple campuses in academic settings
XFeRLMs7aJu-00087-00021295-00021500 there were a few research and production
XFeRLMs7aJu-00088-00021501-00021687 networks based on open flow switches
XFeRLMs7aJu-00089-00021688-00021957 from NEC and Hewlett Packard as well as
XFeRLMs7aJu-00090-00021958-00022169 based on quanta computer white boxes
XFeRLMs7aJu-00091-00022170-00022527 starting from about 2009 beyond academia
XFeRLMs7aJu-00092-00022528-00022758 the first deployments were by nasarah in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00093-00022759-00023009 2010 to control OVS from onyx
XFeRLMs7aJu-00094-00023010-00023281 co-developed with NTT and Google a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00095-00023282-00023478 notable deployment was
XFeRLMs7aJu-00096-00023479-00023789 Google's before deployment in 2012 later
XFeRLMs7aJu-00097-00023790-00023984 Google acknowledged their first open
XFeRLMs7aJu-00098-00023985-00024180 flow with onyx deployments in their data
XFeRLMs7aJu-00099-00024181-00024461 centers at the same time another known
XFeRLMs7aJu-00100-00024462-00024692 large deployment as at China mobile the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00101-00024693-00024911 open networking foundation was founded
XFeRLMs7aJu-00102-00024912-00025263 in 2011 to promote Sdn and open flow at
XFeRLMs7aJu-00103-00025264-00025577 the 2014 Interop and tech field day
XFeRLMs7aJu-00104-00025578-00025778 software-defined networking was
XFeRLMs7aJu-00105-00025779-00026003 demonstrated by Avaya using shortest
XFeRLMs7aJu-00106-00026004-00026364 path bridging I Triple E 802.1 a queue
XFeRLMs7aJu-00107-00026364-00026592 and OpenStack as an automated campus
XFeRLMs7aJu-00108-00026593-00026783 extending automation from the data
XFeRLMs7aJu-00109-00026784-00027030 center to the end device removing manual
XFeRLMs7aJu-00110-00027031-00027341 provisioning from service delivery
XFeRLMs7aJu-00111-00027342-00027714 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00112-00027715-00028275 topic concept
XFeRLMs7aJu-00113-00028276-00028539 Sdn architectures decouple network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00114-00028541-00028714 control and forwarding functions
XFeRLMs7aJu-00115-00028714-00028924 enabling network control to become
XFeRLMs7aJu-00116-00028925-00029112 directly programmable and the underlying
XFeRLMs7aJu-00117-00029113-00029308 infrastructure to be abstracted from
XFeRLMs7aJu-00118-00029308-00029533 applications and network services the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00119-00029533-00029785 OpenFlow protocol can be used in Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00120-00029786-00030180 technologies the Sdn architecture is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00121-00030181-00030483 directly programmable network control is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00122-00030485-00030661 directly programmable because it is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00123-00030662-00030900 decoupled from forwarding functions
XFeRLMs7aJu-00124-00030901-00031156 agile abstracting control from
XFeRLMs7aJu-00125-00031157-00031318 forwarding lets administrators
XFeRLMs7aJu-00126-00031319-00031558 dynamically adjust Network wide traffic
XFeRLMs7aJu-00127-00031558-00031885 flow to meet changing needs centrally
XFeRLMs7aJu-00128-00031886-00032077 managed network intelligence as
XFeRLMs7aJu-00129-00032077-00032323 logically centralized in software based
XFeRLMs7aJu-00130-00032324-00032568 Sdn controllers that maintain a global
XFeRLMs7aJu-00131-00032569-00032739 view of the network which appears to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00132-00032741-00032962 applications and policy engines as a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00133-00032963-00033304 single logical switch programmatically
XFeRLMs7aJu-00134-00033305-00033589 configured Sdn lets network managers
XFeRLMs7aJu-00135-00033590-00033877 configure manage secure and optimize
XFeRLMs7aJu-00136-00033878-00034096 network resources very quickly via
XFeRLMs7aJu-00137-00034097-00034387 dynamic automated Sdn programs which
XFeRLMs7aJu-00138-00034388-00034555 they can write themselves because the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00139-00034556-00034735 program's do not depend on proprietary
XFeRLMs7aJu-00140-00034736-00035127 software open standards-based and vendor
XFeRLMs7aJu-00141-00035128-00035323 neutral when implemented through open
XFeRLMs7aJu-00142-00035324-00035614 standards Sdn simplifies network design
XFeRLMs7aJu-00143-00035615-00035818 and operation because instructions are
XFeRLMs7aJu-00144-00035819-00036067 provided by Sdn controllers instead of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00145-00036068-00036292 multiple vendor specific devices and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00146-00036293-00036501 protocols
XFeRLMs7aJu-00147-00036502-00036874 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00148-00036875-00037140 topic the need for a new network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00149-00037141-00037587 architecture
XFeRLMs7aJu-00150-00037588-00037818 the explosion of mobile devices and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00151-00037819-00038112 content server virtualization an advent
XFeRLMs7aJu-00152-00038113-00038320 of cloud services are among the trends
XFeRLMs7aJu-00153-00038321-00038490 driving the networking industry to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00154-00038491-00038649 re-examine traditional network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00155-00038650-00038961 architectures many conventional networks
XFeRLMs7aJu-00156-00038962-00039183 are hierarchical built with tiers of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00157-00039184-00039385 Ethernet switches arranged in a tree
XFeRLMs7aJu-00158-00039386-00039676 structure this design made sense when
XFeRLMs7aJu-00159-00039677-00039918 client-server computing was dominant but
XFeRLMs7aJu-00160-00039919-00040129 such a static architecture as ill-suited
XFeRLMs7aJu-00161-00040130-00040311 to the dynamic computing and storage
XFeRLMs7aJu-00162-00040312-00040561 needs of today's enterprise data centers
XFeRLMs7aJu-00163-00040562-00040926 campuses and carrier environments some
XFeRLMs7aJu-00164-00040927-00041112 of the key computing trends driving the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00165-00041113-00041385 need for a new network paradigm include
XFeRLMs7aJu-00166-00041386-00041727 changing traffic patterns within the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00167-00041728-00041970 enterprise data center traffic patterns
XFeRLMs7aJu-00168-00041971-00042270 have changed significantly in contrast
XFeRLMs7aJu-00169-00042271-00042483 to client-server applications where the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00170-00042484-00042664 bulk of the communication occurs between
XFeRLMs7aJu-00171-00042665-00042889 one client and one server today's
XFeRLMs7aJu-00172-00042890-00043123 applications access different databases
XFeRLMs7aJu-00173-00043124-00043336 and servers creating a flurry of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00174-00043337-00043674 east-west machine-to-machine traffic
XFeRLMs7aJu-00175-00043675-00043867 before returning data to the end-user
XFeRLMs7aJu-00176-00043868-00044120 device in the classic north-south
XFeRLMs7aJu-00177-00044121-00044479 traffic pattern at the same time users
XFeRLMs7aJu-00178-00044480-00044689 are changing network traffic patterns as
XFeRLMs7aJu-00179-00044690-00044842 they push for access to corporate
XFeRLMs7aJu-00180-00044843-00045076 content and applications from any type
XFeRLMs7aJu-00181-00045077-00045318 of device including their own connecting
XFeRLMs7aJu-00182-00045319-00045651 from anywhere at any time finally many
XFeRLMs7aJu-00183-00045652-00045868 enterprise data centers managers are
XFeRLMs7aJu-00184-00045869-00046095 contemplating a utility computing model
XFeRLMs7aJu-00185-00046096-00046267 which might include a private cloud
XFeRLMs7aJu-00186-00046268-00046492 public cloud or some mix of both
XFeRLMs7aJu-00187-00046493-00046711 resulting in additional traffic across
XFeRLMs7aJu-00188-00046712-00046882 the wide area network the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00189-00046883-00047301 consumerization of IT users are
XFeRLMs7aJu-00190-00047302-00047482 increasingly employing mobile personal
XFeRLMs7aJu-00191-00047483-00047767 devices such as smartphones tablets and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00192-00047768-00047940 notebooks to access the corporate
XFeRLMs7aJu-00193-00047941-00048229 network IT is under pressure to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00194-00048230-00048460 accommodate these personal devices in a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00195-00048461-00048618 fine-grained manner while protecting
XFeRLMs7aJu-00196-00048619-00048864 corporate data and intellectual property
XFeRLMs7aJu-00197-00048865-00049083 and meeting compliance mandates the rise
XFeRLMs7aJu-00198-00049084-00049405 of cloud services enterprises have
XFeRLMs7aJu-00199-00049406-00049620 enthusiastically embraced both public
XFeRLMs7aJu-00200-00049621-00049857 and private cloud services resulting in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00201-00049858-00050099 unprecedented growth of these services
XFeRLMs7aJu-00202-00050100-00050358 enterprise business units now want the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00203-00050359-00050544 agility to access applications
XFeRLMs7aJu-00204-00050545-00050844 infrastructure and other IT resources on
XFeRLMs7aJu-00205-00050845-00050938 demand and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00206-00050939-00051226 carte to add to the complexity it's
XFeRLMs7aJu-00207-00051227-00051454 planning for cloud services must be done
XFeRLMs7aJu-00208-00051454-00051649 in an environment of increased security
XFeRLMs7aJu-00209-00051650-00051904 compliance and auditing requirements
XFeRLMs7aJu-00210-00051904-00052146 along with business reorganizations
XFeRLMs7aJu-00211-00052147-00052363 consolidations and mergers that can
XFeRLMs7aJu-00212-00052364-00052645 change assumptions overnight providing
XFeRLMs7aJu-00213-00052646-00052849 self-service provisioning whether in a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00214-00052850-00053110 private or public cloud requires elastic
XFeRLMs7aJu-00215-00053111-00053367 scaling of computing storage and network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00216-00053369-00053584 resources ideally from a common
XFeRLMs7aJu-00217-00053585-00053761 viewpoint and with a common suite of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00218-00053762-00054147 tools big data means more bandwidth
XFeRLMs7aJu-00219-00054148-00054541 handling today's big data or mega data
XFeRLMs7aJu-00220-00054541-00054729 sets requires massive parallel
XFeRLMs7aJu-00221-00054730-00054942 processing on thousands of servers all
XFeRLMs7aJu-00222-00054944-00055174 of which need direct connections to each
XFeRLMs7aJu-00223-00055175-00055465 other the rise of mega datasets is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00224-00055466-00055678 fueling a constant demand for additional
XFeRLMs7aJu-00225-00055679-00055914 network capacity in the data center
XFeRLMs7aJu-00226-00055915-00056188 operators of hyper scale data center
XFeRLMs7aJu-00227-00056189-00056419 networks face the dining task of scaling
XFeRLMs7aJu-00228-00056420-00056590 the network to previously unimaginable
XFeRLMs7aJu-00229-00056591-00056872 size maintaining any to any connectivity
XFeRLMs7aJu-00230-00056873-00057138 without going broke
XFeRLMs7aJu-00231-00057139-00057513 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00232-00057514-00058161 topic architectural components
XFeRLMs7aJu-00233-00058162-00058386 the following list defines and explains
XFeRLMs7aJu-00234-00058387-00058752 the architectural components Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00235-00058753-00059097 application Sdn applications are
XFeRLMs7aJu-00236-00059098-00059325 programs that explicitly directly and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00237-00059326-00059504 programmatically communicate their
XFeRLMs7aJu-00238-00059505-00059715 network requirements and desired Network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00239-00059716-00059946 behavior to the Sdn controller via a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00240-00059947-00060297 northbound interface NBI in addition
XFeRLMs7aJu-00241-00060298-00060489 they may consume an abstracted view of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00242-00060490-00060672 the network for their internal decision
XFeRLMs7aJu-00243-00060673-00061011 making purposes an Sdn application
XFeRLMs7aJu-00244-00061012-00061287 consists of one Sdn application logic
XFeRLMs7aJu-00245-00061288-00061626 and one or more NBI drivers Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00246-00061627-00061817 applications may themselves expose
XFeRLMs7aJu-00247-00061819-00062013 another layer of abstracted network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00248-00062014-00062208 control thus offering one or more
XFeRLMs7aJu-00249-00062209-00062279 higher-level
XFeRLMs7aJu-00250-00062280-00062625 NBD is through respective NBI agents Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00251-00062626-00062958 controller the Sdn controller is a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00252-00062959-00063174 logically centralized entity in charge
XFeRLMs7aJu-00253-00063175-00063387 of I translating the requirements from
XFeRLMs7aJu-00254-00063388-00063617 the Sdn application layer down to the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00255-00063619-00063929 SDN data paths and II providing the Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00256-00063930-00064137 applications with an abstract view of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00257-00064138-00064308 the network which may include statistics
XFeRLMs7aJu-00258-00064309-00064707 and events an SDN controller consists of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00259-00064708-00065025 one or more NBI agents the Sdn control
XFeRLMs7aJu-00260-00065026-00065238 logic and the control to data plane
XFeRLMs7aJu-00261-00065239-00065643 interface CDP I driver definition is a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00262-00065644-00065841 logically centralized entity neither
XFeRLMs7aJu-00263-00065842-00066093 prescribes nor precludes implementation
XFeRLMs7aJu-00264-00066094-00066270 details such as the Federation of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00265-00066271-00066486 multiple controllers the hierarchical
XFeRLMs7aJu-00266-00066487-00066723 connection of controllers communication
XFeRLMs7aJu-00267-00066724-00066935 interfaces between controllers nor
XFeRLMs7aJu-00268-00066936-00067143 virtualization or slicing of network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00269-00067144-00067557 resources sdn datapath the sdn datapath
XFeRLMs7aJu-00270-00067558-00067860 as a logical network device that exposes
XFeRLMs7aJu-00271-00067861-00068091 visibility and uncontested control over
XFeRLMs7aJu-00272-00068092-00068271 its advertised forwarding and data
XFeRLMs7aJu-00273-00068272-00068571 processing capabilities the logical
XFeRLMs7aJu-00274-00068572-00068784 representation may encompass all or a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00275-00068785-00068961 subset of the physical substrate
XFeRLMs7aJu-00276-00068962-00069342 resources an sdn datapath comprises a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00277-00069343-00069591 CDP I agent and a set of one or more
XFeRLMs7aJu-00278-00069592-00069831 traffic forwarding engines and zero or
XFeRLMs7aJu-00279-00069832-00070134 more traffic processing functions these
XFeRLMs7aJu-00280-00070135-00070362 engines and functions may include simple
XFeRLMs7aJu-00281-00070363-00070518 forwarding between the data paths
XFeRLMs7aJu-00282-00070519-00070752 external interfaces or internal traffic
XFeRLMs7aJu-00283-00070753-00071094 processing or termination functions one
XFeRLMs7aJu-00284-00071095-00071349 or more Sdn data paths may be contained
XFeRLMs7aJu-00285-00071350-00071584 in a single physical network al
XFeRLMs7aJu-00286-00071585-00071832 an integrated physical combination of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00287-00071833-00072067 communications resources managed as a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00288-00072068-00072430 unit an sdn datapath may also be defined
XFeRLMs7aJu-00289-00072431-00072637 across multiple physical network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00290-00072638-00072955 elements this logical definition neither
XFeRLMs7aJu-00291-00072956-00073204 prescribes nor precludes implementation
XFeRLMs7aJu-00292-00073205-00073380 details such as the logical to physical
XFeRLMs7aJu-00293-00073381-00073605 mapping management of shared physical
XFeRLMs7aJu-00294-00073606-00073899 resources virtualization or slicing of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00295-00073900-00074175 the sdn datapath interoperability with
XFeRLMs7aJu-00296-00074176-00074410 non Sdn networking nor the data
XFeRLMs7aJu-00297-00074411-00074619 processing functionality which can
XFeRLMs7aJu-00298-00074620-00074974 include OSI layer 4 to 7 functions Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00299-00074975-00075305 control to data plane interface CDP I
XFeRLMs7aJu-00300-00075306-00075687 the Sdn CDP I is the interface defined
XFeRLMs7aJu-00301-00075688-00075937 between an SDN controller and an sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00302-00075938-00076162 datapath which provides at least I
XFeRLMs7aJu-00303-00076163-00076396 programmatic control of all forwarding
XFeRLMs7aJu-00304-00076397-00076690 operations II capabilities advertisement
XFeRLMs7aJu-00305-00076691-00077001 II statistics reporting and IV event
XFeRLMs7aJu-00306-00077002-00077386 notification one value of Sdn lies in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00307-00077387-00077599 the expectation that the CDP I is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00308-00077600-00077803 implemented in an open vendor neutral
XFeRLMs7aJu-00309-00077804-00078073 and interoperable way Sdn northbound
XFeRLMs7aJu-00310-00078074-00078541 interfaces n bi Sdn NB is our interfaces
XFeRLMs7aJu-00311-00078542-00078823 between Sdn applications and Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00312-00078824-00078993 controllers and typically provide
XFeRLMs7aJu-00313-00078994-00079237 abstract network views and enable direct
XFeRLMs7aJu-00314-00079238-00079423 expression of network behavior and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00315-00079424-00079731 requirements this may occur at any level
XFeRLMs7aJu-00316-00079732-00079950 of abstraction latitude and across
XFeRLMs7aJu-00317-00079951-00080128 different sets of functionality
XFeRLMs7aJu-00318-00080129-00080512 longitude one value of Sdn lies in the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00319-00080513-00080722 expectation that these interfaces are
XFeRLMs7aJu-00320-00080723-00080911 implemented in an open vendor neutral
XFeRLMs7aJu-00321-00080912-00081189 and interoperable way
XFeRLMs7aJu-00322-00081190-00081564 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00323-00081565-00082069 topic Sdn control plane
XFeRLMs7aJu-00324-00082070-00082256 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00325-00082257-00082553 centralized hierarchical distributed the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00326-00082554-00082808 implementation of the Sdn control plane
XFeRLMs7aJu-00327-00082809-00083072 can follow a centralized hierarchical or
XFeRLMs7aJu-00328-00083073-00083453 decentralized design initial Sdn control
XFeRLMs7aJu-00329-00083454-00083681 plane proposals focused on a centralized
XFeRLMs7aJu-00330-00083682-00083921 solution where a single control entity
XFeRLMs7aJu-00331-00083922-00084185 has a global view of the network while
XFeRLMs7aJu-00332-00084186-00084386 this simplifies the implementation of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00333-00084387-00084509 the control logic
XFeRLMs7aJu-00334-00084510-00084734 it has scalability limitations as the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00335-00084735-00084905 size and dynamics of the network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00336-00084906-00085189 increase to overcome these limitations
XFeRLMs7aJu-00337-00085190-00085448 several approaches have been proposed in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00338-00085449-00085607 the literature that fall into two
XFeRLMs7aJu-00339-00085608-00085820 categories hierarchical and fully
XFeRLMs7aJu-00340-00085821-00086126 distributed approaches in hierarchical
XFeRLMs7aJu-00341-00086127-00086354 solutions distributed controllers
XFeRLMs7aJu-00342-00086355-00086564 operate on a partitioned Network view
XFeRLMs7aJu-00343-00086565-00086780 while decisions that require network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00344-00086781-00086981 wide knowledge are taken by a logically
XFeRLMs7aJu-00345-00086982-00087214 centralized route controller in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00346-00087215-00087452 distributed approaches controllers
XFeRLMs7aJu-00347-00087453-00087653 operate on their local view or they may
XFeRLMs7aJu-00348-00087654-00087872 exchange synchronization messages to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00349-00087873-00088136 enhance their knowledge distributed
XFeRLMs7aJu-00350-00088137-00088310 solutions are more suitable for
XFeRLMs7aJu-00351-00088311-00088630 supporting adaptive Sdn applications
XFeRLMs7aJu-00352-00088631-00088898 controller PLAs cement a key issue when
XFeRLMs7aJu-00353-00088899-00089144 designing a distributed Sdn control
XFeRLMs7aJu-00354-00089145-00089327 plane is to decide on the number and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00355-00089328-00089536 placement of control entities an
XFeRLMs7aJu-00356-00089537-00089774 important parameter to consider while
XFeRLMs7aJu-00357-00089775-00089957 doing so as the propagation delay
XFeRLMs7aJu-00358-00089958-00090143 between the controllers and the network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00359-00090144-00090383 devices especially in the context of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00360-00090384-00090671 large networks other objectives that
XFeRLMs7aJu-00361-00090672-00090833 have been considered involve control
XFeRLMs7aJu-00362-00090834-00091106 paths reliability fault tolerance and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00363-00091107-00091413 application requirements
XFeRLMs7aJu-00364-00091414-00091791 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00365-00091792-00092577 topic Sdn flow forwarding Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00366-00092578-00092919 proactive versus reactive versus hybrid
XFeRLMs7aJu-00367-00092920-00093247 OpenFlow uses TCM tables to route
XFeRLMs7aJu-00368-00093248-00093595 packets sequences flows if flows arrive
XFeRLMs7aJu-00369-00093596-00093829 at a switch a flow table lookup is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00370-00093830-00094111 performed depending on the flow table
XFeRLMs7aJu-00371-00094112-00094291 implementation this is done in a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00372-00094292-00094510 software flow table if a V switch is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00373-00094511-00094738 used or in an as ik if it's implemented
XFeRLMs7aJu-00374-00094739-00095032 in hardware in the case when no matching
XFeRLMs7aJu-00375-00095033-00095203 flow is found a request to the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00376-00095204-00095380 controller for further instructions
XFeRLMs7aJu-00377-00095381-00095668 assent this is handled in one of three
XFeRLMs7aJu-00378-00095669-00095926 different modes in reactive mode the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00379-00095927-00096145 controller acts after these requests and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00380-00096146-00096361 creates and installs a rule in the flow
XFeRLMs7aJu-00381-00096362-00096565 table for the corresponding packet if
XFeRLMs7aJu-00382-00096566-00096838 necessary in proactive mode the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00383-00096839-00097066 controller populates flow table entries
XFeRLMs7aJu-00384-00097067-00097255 for all possible traffic matches
XFeRLMs7aJu-00385-00097256-00097561 possible for this switch in advance this
XFeRLMs7aJu-00386-00097562-00097744 mode can be compared with typical
XFeRLMs7aJu-00387-00097745-00097960 routing table entries today we're all
XFeRLMs7aJu-00388-00097961-00098146 static entries are installed ahead of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00389-00098147-00098452 time following this no request is sent
XFeRLMs7aJu-00390-00098453-00098638 to the controller since all incoming
XFeRLMs7aJu-00391-00098639-00098932 flows will find a matching entry a major
XFeRLMs7aJu-00392-00098933-00099163 advantage in proactive mode is that all
XFeRLMs7aJu-00393-00099164-00099337 packets are forwarded in line rate
XFeRLMs7aJu-00394-00099338-00099619 considering all flow table entries in TC
XFeRLMs7aJu-00395-00099620-00099913 a.m. and no delay is added the third
XFeRLMs7aJu-00396-00099914-00100201 mode hybrid mode follows the flexibility
XFeRLMs7aJu-00397-00100202-00100411 of a reactive mode for a set of traffic
XFeRLMs7aJu-00398-00100412-00100645 and the low latency forwarding proactive
XFeRLMs7aJu-00399-00100646-00100948 mode for the rest of the traffic
XFeRLMs7aJu-00400-00100949-00101323 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00401-00101324-00102238 topic applications
XFeRLMs7aJu-00402-00102239-00102841 topic SD MN
XFeRLMs7aJu-00403-00102842-00103159 software-defined mobile networking SDM n
XFeRLMs7aJu-00404-00103160-00103370 is an approach to the design of mobile
XFeRLMs7aJu-00405-00103371-00103577 networks where all protocol specific
XFeRLMs7aJu-00406-00103578-00103765 features are implemented in software
XFeRLMs7aJu-00407-00103766-00103984 maximizing the use of generic and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00408-00103985-00104204 commodity hardware and software in both
XFeRLMs7aJu-00409-00104205-00104378 the core network and radio access
XFeRLMs7aJu-00410-00104379-00104699 network it is proposed as an extension
XFeRLMs7aJu-00411-00104700-00104951 of Sdn paradigm to incorporate mobile
XFeRLMs7aJu-00412-00104952-00105274 network specific functionalities since
XFeRLMs7aJu-00413-00105275-00105605 3gpp Rail point 1 for a control user
XFeRLMs7aJu-00414-00105606-00105818 plane separation was introduced in the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00415-00105819-00106013 mobile core network architectures with
XFeRLMs7aJu-00416-00106014-00106301 the PFC P protocol
XFeRLMs7aJu-00417-00106302-00106651 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00418-00106652-00107197 topic sd1
XFeRLMs7aJu-00419-00107198-00107511 an SD one is a wide area network one
XFeRLMs7aJu-00420-00107513-00107754 managed using the principles of Software
XFeRLMs7aJu-00421-00107755-00107865 Defined Networking
XFeRLMs7aJu-00422-00107866-00108163 the main driver of SD one is to lower
XFeRLMs7aJu-00423-00108164-00108373 wine costs using more affordable and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00424-00108374-00108579 commercially available leased lines as
XFeRLMs7aJu-00425-00108580-00108814 an alternative or partial replacement of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00426-00108815-00109183 more expensive MPLS lines control and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00427-00109183-00109353 management is administered separately
XFeRLMs7aJu-00428-00109354-00109515 from the hardware with central
XFeRLMs7aJu-00429-00109516-00109675 controllers allowing for easier
XFeRLMs7aJu-00430-00109676-00110006 configuration and administration
XFeRLMs7aJu-00431-00110007-00110357 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00432-00110358-00110908 topic SD LAN
XFeRLMs7aJu-00433-00110908-00111226 an SD LAN is a local area network LAN
XFeRLMs7aJu-00434-00111227-00111391 built around the principles of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00435-00111392-00111595 software-defined networking though there
XFeRLMs7aJu-00436-00111596-00111834 are key differences in topology network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00437-00111835-00112078 security application visibility and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00438-00112079-00112284 control management and quality of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00439-00112285-00112611 service SD LAN decouples control
XFeRLMs7aJu-00440-00112613-00112843 management and data planes to enable a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00441-00112844-00113077 policy driven architecture for wired and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00442-00113078-00113422 wireless LANs SD LANs are characterized
XFeRLMs7aJu-00443-00113423-00113586 by their use of a cloud management
XFeRLMs7aJu-00444-00113588-00113818 system and wireless connectivity without
XFeRLMs7aJu-00445-00113819-00114137 the presence of a physical controller
XFeRLMs7aJu-00446-00114138-00114489 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00447-00114490-00115228 topic security using the Sdn paradigm
XFeRLMs7aJu-00448-00115229-00115553 Sdn architecture may enable facilitate
XFeRLMs7aJu-00449-00115554-00115773 or enhance Network related security
XFeRLMs7aJu-00450-00115774-00115950 applications due to the controllers
XFeRLMs7aJu-00451-00115951-00116139 central view of the network and its
XFeRLMs7aJu-00452-00116140-00116360 capacity to reprogram the data plane at
XFeRLMs7aJu-00453-00116361-00116654 any time while security of Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00454-00116655-00116844 architecture itself remains an open
XFeRLMs7aJu-00455-00116845-00117053 question that has already been studied a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00456-00117054-00117207 couple of times in the research
XFeRLMs7aJu-00457-00117208-00117440 community the following paragraphs only
XFeRLMs7aJu-00458-00117441-00117665 focus on the security applications made
XFeRLMs7aJu-00459-00117666-00118077 possible or revisited using Sdn several
XFeRLMs7aJu-00460-00118078-00118308 research works on Sdn have already
XFeRLMs7aJu-00461-00118308-00118551 investigated security applications built
XFeRLMs7aJu-00462-00118552-00118800 upon the Sdn controller with different
XFeRLMs7aJu-00463-00118801-00119039 aims in mind distributed
XFeRLMs7aJu-00464-00119040-00119346 denial-of-service DDoS detection and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00465-00119347-00119558 mitigation as well as botnet and worm
XFeRLMs7aJu-00466-00119559-00119804 propagation are some concrete use cases
XFeRLMs7aJu-00467-00119805-00120099 of such applications basically the idea
XFeRLMs7aJu-00468-00120100-00120306 consists in periodically collecting
XFeRLMs7aJu-00469-00120307-00120483 Network statistics from the forwarding
XFeRLMs7aJu-00470-00120483-00120669 plane of the network in a standardized
XFeRLMs7aJu-00471-00120670-00120948 manner eg using open flow and then apply
XFeRLMs7aJu-00472-00120949-00121143 classification algorithms on those
XFeRLMs7aJu-00473-00121144-00121334 statistics in order to detect any
XFeRLMs7aJu-00474-00121335-00121623 Network anomalies if an anomaly is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00475-00121624-00121859 detected the application instructs the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00476-00121860-00122036 controller how to reprogram the data
XFeRLMs7aJu-00477-00122038-00122349 plane in order to mitigate it another
XFeRLMs7aJu-00478-00122350-00122591 kind of security application leverages
XFeRLMs7aJu-00479-00122592-00122834 the Sdn controller by implementing some
XFeRLMs7aJu-00480-00122835-00123314 moving target defense MTD algorithms NTD
XFeRLMs7aJu-00481-00123315-00123513 algorithms are typically used to make
XFeRLMs7aJu-00482-00123514-00123738 any attack on a given system or network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00483-00123739-00123902 more difficult than usual by
XFeRLMs7aJu-00484-00123903-00124122 periodically hiding or changing key
XFeRLMs7aJu-00485-00124123-00124409 properties of that system or network in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00486-00124410-00124691 traditional networks implementing MTD
XFeRLMs7aJu-00487-00124692-00124926 algorithms is not a trivial task since
XFeRLMs7aJu-00488-00124927-00125090 it is difficult to build a central
XFeRLMs7aJu-00489-00125091-00125285 authority able of determining for each
XFeRLMs7aJu-00490-00125286-00125499 part of the system to be protected which
XFeRLMs7aJu-00491-00125500-00125802 key properties are hit or changed in an
XFeRLMs7aJu-00492-00125803-00126069 Sdn network such tasks become more
XFeRLMs7aJu-00493-00126070-00126249 straightforward thanks to the centrality
XFeRLMs7aJu-00494-00126250-00126531 of the controller one application can
XFeRLMs7aJu-00495-00126532-00126785 for example periodically assign virtual
XFeRLMs7aJu-00496-00126786-00127016 IPS to hosts with in the network and the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00497-00127017-00127269 mapping virtual IP real IP is then
XFeRLMs7aJu-00498-00127270-00127524 performed by the controller another
XFeRLMs7aJu-00499-00127525-00127715 application can simulate some fake
XFeRLMs7aJu-00500-00127716-00127979 opened closed filtered ports on random
XFeRLMs7aJu-00501-00127980-00128165 hosts in the network in order to add
XFeRLMs7aJu-00502-00128166-00128373 significant noise during reconnaissance
XFeRLMs7aJu-00503-00128374-00128574 phase eg scanning
XFeRLMs7aJu-00504-00128575-00128778 by an attacker additional value
XFeRLMs7aJu-00505-00128779-00129011 regarding security in Sdn enabled
XFeRLMs7aJu-00506-00129013-00129198 networks can also be gained using
XFeRLMs7aJu-00507-00129199-00129429 flowvisor and flow checker respectively
XFeRLMs7aJu-00508-00129430-00129669 the former tries to use a single
XFeRLMs7aJu-00509-00129670-00129849 hardware forwarding plane sharing
XFeRLMs7aJu-00510-00129850-00130118 multiple separated logical networks
XFeRLMs7aJu-00511-00130119-00130323 following this approach the same
XFeRLMs7aJu-00512-00130324-00130518 hardware resources can be used for
XFeRLMs7aJu-00513-00130519-00130716 production and development purposes as
XFeRLMs7aJu-00514-00130717-00130869 well as separating monitoring
XFeRLMs7aJu-00515-00130870-00131124 configuration and internet traffic where
XFeRLMs7aJu-00516-00131125-00131337 each scenario can have its own logical
XFeRLMs7aJu-00517-00131338-00131586 topology which is called slice in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00518-00131587-00131802 conjunction with this approach flow
XFeRLMs7aJu-00519-00131803-00132009 checker realizes the validation of new
XFeRLMs7aJu-00520-00132010-00132189 open flow rules that are deployed by
XFeRLMs7aJu-00521-00132190-00132537 users using their own slice Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00522-00132538-00132732 controller applications are mostly
XFeRLMs7aJu-00523-00132733-00132963 deployed in large scale scenarios which
XFeRLMs7aJu-00524-00132964-00133149 requires comprehensive checks of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00525-00133150-00133455 possible programming errors a system to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00526-00133456-00133656 do this called nice was described in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00527-00133657-00134019 2012 introducing an overarching security
XFeRLMs7aJu-00528-00134020-00134202 architecture requires a comprehensive
XFeRLMs7aJu-00529-00134203-00134577 and protracted approach to Sdn since it
XFeRLMs7aJu-00530-00134578-00134796 was introduced designers are looking at
XFeRLMs7aJu-00531-00134797-00135054 possible ways to secure Sdn that do not
XFeRLMs7aJu-00532-00135055-00135384 compromise scalability one architecture
XFeRLMs7aJu-00533-00135385-00135423 called
XFeRLMs7aJu-00534-00135424-00135771 SN Seca Sdn plus NFV security
XFeRLMs7aJu-00535-00135772-00135984 architecture
XFeRLMs7aJu-00536-00135985-00136334 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00537-00136335-00137081 topic group data delivery using Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00538-00137082-00137334 distributed applications that run across
XFeRLMs7aJu-00539-00137335-00137583 data centers usually replicate data for
XFeRLMs7aJu-00540-00137584-00137777 the purpose of synchronization fault
XFeRLMs7aJu-00541-00137778-00138018 resiliency load balancing and getting
XFeRLMs7aJu-00542-00138019-00138246 data closer to users which reduces
XFeRLMs7aJu-00543-00138247-00138450 latency to users and increases their
XFeRLMs7aJu-00544-00138451-00138723 perceived throughput also many
XFeRLMs7aJu-00545-00138724-00138993 applications such as Hadoop replicate
XFeRLMs7aJu-00546-00138994-00139164 data within a data center across
XFeRLMs7aJu-00547-00139165-00139356 multiple racks to increase fault
XFeRLMs7aJu-00548-00139357-00139584 tolerance and make data recovery easier
XFeRLMs7aJu-00549-00139585-00139884 all of these operations require data
XFeRLMs7aJu-00550-00139885-00140109 delivery from one machine or data center
XFeRLMs7aJu-00551-00140110-00140418 to multiple machines or data centers the
XFeRLMs7aJu-00552-00140419-00140646 process of reliably delivering data from
XFeRLMs7aJu-00553-00140647-00140844 one machine to multiple machines as
XFeRLMs7aJu-00554-00140845-00141033 referred to as reliable group data
XFeRLMs7aJu-00555-00141034-00141479 delivery are GDD Sdn switches can be
XFeRLMs7aJu-00556-00141480-00141747 used for our GDD via installation of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00557-00141748-00141951 rules that allow forwarding to multiple
XFeRLMs7aJu-00558-00141952-00142284 outgoing ports for example open flow
XFeRLMs7aJu-00559-00142285-00142494 provides support for group tables since
XFeRLMs7aJu-00560-00142495-00142801 version 1.1 which makes this possible
XFeRLMs7aJu-00561-00142802-00143114 using Sdn a central controller can
XFeRLMs7aJu-00562-00143115-00143291 carefully and intelligently set up
XFeRLMs7aJu-00563-00143292-00143646 forwarding trees for our GDD such trees
XFeRLMs7aJu-00564-00143647-00143828 can be built while paying attention to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00565-00143829-00144041 network congestion load status to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00566-00144042-00144450 improve performance for example MC TCP
XFeRLMs7aJu-00567-00144451-00144645 as a scheme for delivery to many nodes
XFeRLMs7aJu-00568-00144646-00144827 inside data centers that relies on
XFeRLMs7aJu-00569-00144828-00145047 regular and structured topologies of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00570-00145048-00145293 data center networks while DC cast in
XFeRLMs7aJu-00571-00145294-00145497 quickcast our approaches for fast and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00572-00145498-00145715 efficient data and content replication
XFeRLMs7aJu-00573-00145716-00146085 across data centers over private ones
XFeRLMs7aJu-00574-00146086-00146460 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00575-00146461-00147119 topic relationship to NFV
XFeRLMs7aJu-00576-00147120-00147435 NFV network function virtualization as a
XFeRLMs7aJu-00577-00147436-00147873 concept that complements Sdn thus NFV is
XFeRLMs7aJu-00578-00147874-00148341 not dependent on Sdn or Sdn concepts NFV
XFeRLMs7aJu-00579-00148342-00148566 disunite software from hardware to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00580-00148567-00148785 enable flexible network deployment and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00581-00148786-00149121 dynamic operation NFV deployments
XFeRLMs7aJu-00582-00149122-00149331 typically use commodity servers to run
XFeRLMs7aJu-00583-00149332-00149571 network services software versions that
XFeRLMs7aJu-00584-00149572-00149850 previously were hardware based these
XFeRLMs7aJu-00585-00149851-00150072 software based services that run in an
XFeRLMs7aJu-00586-00150073-00150264 NFB environment are called virtual
XFeRLMs7aJu-00587-00150265-00150759 network functions vnf Sdn NFV hybrid
XFeRLMs7aJu-00588-00150760-00150959 program was provided for high efficiency
XFeRLMs7aJu-00589-00150960-00151275 elastic and scaleable capabilities NFV
XFeRLMs7aJu-00590-00151276-00151509 aimed at accelerating service innovation
XFeRLMs7aJu-00591-00151510-00151718 and provisioning using standard IT
XFeRLMs7aJu-00592-00151719-00152094 virtualization technologies Sdn provides
XFeRLMs7aJu-00593-00152095-00152295 the agility of controlling the generic
XFeRLMs7aJu-00594-00152296-00152499 forwarding devices such as the routers
XFeRLMs7aJu-00595-00152500-00152781 and switches by using Sdn controllers on
XFeRLMs7aJu-00596-00152782-00153132 the other hand NFV agility is provided
XFeRLMs7aJu-00597-00153133-00153324 for the network applications by using
XFeRLMs7aJu-00598-00153325-00153618 virtualized servers it is entirely
XFeRLMs7aJu-00599-00153619-00153828 possible to implement a virtualized
XFeRLMs7aJu-00600-00153829-00154116 Network function V&F as a standalone
XFeRLMs7aJu-00601-00154117-00154338 entity using existing networking and
XFeRLMs7aJu-00602-00154339-00154653 orchestration paradigms however there
XFeRLMs7aJu-00603-00154654-00154899 are inherent benefits in leveraging Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00604-00154900-00155157 concepts to implement and manage an NFV
XFeRLMs7aJu-00605-00155158-00155388 infrastructure particularly when looking
XFeRLMs7aJu-00606-00155389-00155571 at the management and orchestration of
XFeRLMs7aJu-00607-00155572-00155778 vnfs and that's why multi vendor
XFeRLMs7aJu-00608-00155779-00155958 platforms are being defined that
XFeRLMs7aJu-00609-00155959-00156234 incorporate Sdn and NFV in concerted
XFeRLMs7aJu-00610-00156235-00156474 ecosystems
XFeRLMs7aJu-00611-00156475-00156849 you
XFeRLMs7aJu-00612-00156850-00157510 topic relationship to dpi
XFeRLMs7aJu-00613-00157511-00157810 dpi deep packet inspection provides
XFeRLMs7aJu-00614-00157811-00158038 network with application awareness while
XFeRLMs7aJu-00615-00158039-00158296 Sdn provides applications with network
XFeRLMs7aJu-00616-00158297-00158375 awareness
XFeRLMs7aJu-00617-00158376-00158671 although Sdn will make radically change
XFeRLMs7aJu-00618-00158672-00158893 in the generic network architectures it
XFeRLMs7aJu-00619-00158894-00159022 should cope with working with
XFeRLMs7aJu-00620-00159023-00159213 traditional network architectures to
XFeRLMs7aJu-00621-00159214-00159562 offer high interoperability the new Sdn
XFeRLMs7aJu-00622-00159563-00159733 based network architecture should
XFeRLMs7aJu-00623-00159734-00159925 consider all the capabilities that are
XFeRLMs7aJu-00624-00159926-00160108 currently provided in separate devices
XFeRLMs7aJu-00625-00160109-00160273 or software other than the main
XFeRLMs7aJu-00626-00160274-00160488 forwarding devices routers and switches
XFeRLMs7aJu-00627-00160489-00160872 such as the dpi security appliances
XFeRLMs7aJu-00628-00160873-00161289 equals equals see also
XFbksSBCsMY-00000-00000051-00000395 India i AST Bharat also known as the
XFbksSBCsMY-00001-00000396-00000701 republic of india i AST bharat gana Raja
XFbksSBCsMY-00002-00000702-00000994 is a country in South Asia it is the
XFbksSBCsMY-00003-00000995-00001198 seventh largest country by area the
XFbksSBCsMY-00004-00001199-00001440 second most populous country with over
XFbksSBCsMY-00005-00001441-00001774 1200 crore 1.2 billion people and the
XFbksSBCsMY-00006-00001775-00001989 most populous democracy in the world
XFbksSBCsMY-00007-00001991-00002237 bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south
XFbksSBCsMY-00008-00002238-00002473 the Arabian Sea on the southwest and the
XFbksSBCsMY-00009-00002474-00002690 Bay of Bengal on the southeast it shares
XFbksSBCsMY-00010-00002691-00002890 land borders with Pakistan to the west
XFbksSBCsMY-00011-00002891-00003164 China Nepal and Bhutan to the northeast
XFbksSBCsMY-00012-00003165-00003368 and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east
XFbksSBCsMY-00013-00003369-00003643 in the Indian Ocean India is in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00014-00003644-00003820 vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives
XFbksSBCsMY-00015-00003821-00004049 while its Andaman and Nicobar Islands
XFbksSBCsMY-00016-00004050-00004226 share a maritime border with Thailand
XFbksSBCsMY-00017-00004227-00004490 and Indonesia the Indian subcontinent
XFbksSBCsMY-00018-00004491-00004684 was home to the urban Indus Valley
XFbksSBCsMY-00019-00004685-00004927 Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE
XFbksSBCsMY-00020-00004928-00005204 in the following millennium the oldest
XFbksSBCsMY-00021-00005205-00005381 scriptures associated with Hinduism
XFbksSBCsMY-00022-00005382-00005641 began to be composed social
XFbksSBCsMY-00023-00005642-00005734 stratification
XFbksSBCsMY-00024-00005735-00005936 based on caste emerged in the 1st
XFbksSBCsMY-00025-00005937-00006175 millennium BCE and Buddhism and Jainism
XFbksSBCsMY-00026-00006176-00006509 arose early political consolidations
XFbksSBCsMY-00027-00006509-00006709 took place under the Moriya and Gupta
XFbksSBCsMY-00028-00006711-00006911 empires the later Peninsular middle
XFbksSBCsMY-00029-00006912-00007118 Kingdom's influenced cultures as far as
XFbksSBCsMY-00030-00007119-00007364 Southeast Asia in the medieval era
XFbksSBCsMY-00031-00007365-00007684 Judaism Zoroastrianism Christianity and
XFbksSBCsMY-00032-00007686-00007928 Islam arrived and Sikhism emerged all
XFbksSBCsMY-00033-00007929-00008129 adding to the region's diverse culture
XFbksSBCsMY-00034-00008130-00008360 much of the north fell to the Delhi
XFbksSBCsMY-00035-00008361-00008570 Sultanate the south was united under the
XFbksSBCsMY-00036-00008571-00008912 Vijayanagara Empire the economy expanded
XFbksSBCsMY-00037-00008913-00009131 in the 17th century in the Mughal Empire
XFbksSBCsMY-00038-00009132-00009416 in the mid 18th century the subcontinent
XFbksSBCsMY-00039-00009417-00009620 came under British East India Company
XFbksSBCsMY-00040-00009621-00009824 rule and in the mid 19th under British
XFbksSBCsMY-00041-00009825-00010085 crown rule a nationalist movement
XFbksSBCsMY-00042-00010086-00010313 emerged in the late 19th century which
XFbksSBCsMY-00043-00010314-00010547 later under Mahatma Gandhi was noted for
XFbksSBCsMY-00044-00010548-00010763 nonviolent resistance and led to India's
XFbksSBCsMY-00045-00010764-00011231 independence in 1947 in 2017 the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00046-00011232-00011459 economy was the world's sixth largest by
XFbksSBCsMY-00047-00011460-00011684 nominal GDP and third-largest by
XFbksSBCsMY-00048-00011685-00011942 purchasing power parity following
XFbksSBCsMY-00049-00011943-00012230 market-based economic reforms in 1991
XFbksSBCsMY-00050-00012231-00012443 India became one of the fastest growing
XFbksSBCsMY-00051-00012444-00012641 major economies and is considered a
XFbksSBCsMY-00052-00012642-00012944 newly industrialised country however it
XFbksSBCsMY-00053-00012944-00013120 continues to face the challenges of
XFbksSBCsMY-00054-00013121-00013358 poverty corruption malnutrition and
XFbksSBCsMY-00055-00013359-00013405 enade'
XFbksSBCsMY-00056-00013406-00013681 public health care a nuclear weapons
XFbksSBCsMY-00057-00013682-00013880 state and regional power it has the
XFbksSBCsMY-00058-00013881-00014062 second largest standing army in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00059-00014063-00014242 world and ranks fifth and military
XFbksSBCsMY-00060-00014243-00014522 expenditure among nations India is a
XFbksSBCsMY-00061-00014522-00014689 Federal Republic governed under a
XFbksSBCsMY-00062-00014690-00014923 parliamentary system and consists of 29
XFbksSBCsMY-00063-00014924-00015180 states and 7 union territories a
XFbksSBCsMY-00064-00015181-00015400 pluralistic multilingual and
XFbksSBCsMY-00065-00015401-00015628 multi-ethnic society it is also home to
XFbksSBCsMY-00066-00015629-00015856 a diversity of Wildlife in a variety of
XFbksSBCsMY-00067-00015857-00016489 protected habitats
XFbksSBCsMY-00068-00016490-00017025 topic etymology
XFbksSBCsMY-00069-00017026-00017268 the name India is derived from Indus
XFbksSBCsMY-00070-00017269-00017460 which originates from the old Persian
XFbksSBCsMY-00071-00017461-00017675 word Hindu equivalent to the Sanskrit
XFbksSBCsMY-00072-00017676-00017868 word Sindhu which was the historical
XFbksSBCsMY-00073-00017869-00018075 local appellation for the Indus River
XFbksSBCsMY-00074-00018076-00018288 the ancient Greeks referred to the
XFbksSBCsMY-00075-00018289-00018528 Indians as enjoy enjoy which translates
XFbksSBCsMY-00076-00018529-00018791 as the people of the Indus the
XFbksSBCsMY-00077-00018792-00018978 geographical term Bharat Bharat
XFbksSBCsMY-00078-00018979-00019208 pronounced Bo T listen which is
XFbksSBCsMY-00079-00019209-00019400 recognized by the Constitution of India
XFbksSBCsMY-00080-00019401-00019611 as an official name for the country is
XFbksSBCsMY-00081-00019612-00019818 used by many Indian languages in its
XFbksSBCsMY-00082-00019819-00019905 variations
XFbksSBCsMY-00083-00019906-00020175 it is a modernization of the historical
XFbksSBCsMY-00084-00020176-00020397 name bharatavarsa which traditionally
XFbksSBCsMY-00085-00020398-00020586 referred to the Indian subcontinent and
XFbksSBCsMY-00086-00020587-00020769 gained increasing currency from the mid
XFbksSBCsMY-00087-00020770-00021011 19th century as a native name for India
XFbksSBCsMY-00088-00021012-00021336 Hindustan and sta n listen is a Persian
XFbksSBCsMY-00089-00021337-00021519 name for India dating back to the 3rd
XFbksSBCsMY-00090-00021520-00021852 century BCE it was introduced into India
XFbksSBCsMY-00091-00021853-00022041 by the Mughals and widely used since
XFbksSBCsMY-00092-00022042-00022308 then its meaning varied referring to a
XFbksSBCsMY-00093-00022309-00022494 region that encompassed northern India
XFbksSBCsMY-00094-00022495-00022750 and Pakistan or India in its entirety
XFbksSBCsMY-00095-00022751-00022992 currently the name may refer to either
XFbksSBCsMY-00096-00022993-00023193 the northern part of India or the entire
XFbksSBCsMY-00097-00023194-00023751 country
XFbksSBCsMY-00098-00023752-00024251 topic history
XFbksSBCsMY-00099-00024252-00024591 you
XFbksSBCsMY-00100-00024592-00025119 topic ancient India
XFbksSBCsMY-00101-00025120-00025377 the mid-region culture in tamil nadu is
XFbksSBCsMY-00102-00025378-00025593 the earliest known Paleolithic site in
XFbksSBCsMY-00103-00025594-00025917 India dated to about 15 lakh 1.5 million
XFbksSBCsMY-00104-00025918-00026220 years ago the earliest authenticated
XFbksSBCsMY-00105-00026220-00026424 human remains in South Asia date to
XFbksSBCsMY-00106-00026425-00026682 about 30,000 years ago nearly
XFbksSBCsMY-00107-00026683-00026904 contemporaneous Mesolithic rock art
XFbksSBCsMY-00108-00026905-00027083 sites have been found in many parts of
XFbksSBCsMY-00109-00027085-00027273 the Indian subcontinent including at the
XFbksSBCsMY-00110-00027274-00027458 Bhimbetka rock shelters in madhya
XFbksSBCsMY-00111-00027460-00027852 pradesh around 7000 BCE one of the first
XFbksSBCsMY-00112-00027852-00028050 known neolithic settlements appeared on
XFbksSBCsMY-00113-00028051-00028220 the subcontinent in magar and other
XFbksSBCsMY-00114-00028222-00028358 sites in the subcontinent
XFbksSBCsMY-00115-00028360-00028620 these gradually developed into the Indus
XFbksSBCsMY-00116-00028620-00028814 Valley Civilisation the first urban
XFbksSBCsMY-00117-00028816-00029025 culture in South Asia it flourished
XFbksSBCsMY-00118-00029026-00029370 during to 500 1 900 BCE in Northeast
XFbksSBCsMY-00119-00029370-00029592 Afghanistan to Pakistan in Northwest
XFbksSBCsMY-00120-00029593-00029852 India centered around cities such as
XFbksSBCsMY-00121-00029854-00030162 Mohenjo daro harappa Dholavira and Cala
XFbksSBCsMY-00122-00030163-00030375 baingan and relying on varied forms of
XFbksSBCsMY-00123-00030376-00030590 subsistence the civilization engaged
XFbksSBCsMY-00124-00030591-00030792 robustly in crafts production and
XFbksSBCsMY-00125-00030793-00030977 wide-ranging trade during the period
XFbksSBCsMY-00126-00030979-00031314 2,000 to 500 BCE in terms of culture
XFbksSBCsMY-00127-00031314-00031476 many regions of the subcontinent
XFbksSBCsMY-00128-00031477-00031677 transition from the Chalcolithic to the
XFbksSBCsMY-00129-00031677-00031952 Iron Age the Vedas the oldest scriptures
XFbksSBCsMY-00130-00031952-00032189 associated with Hinduism were composed
XFbksSBCsMY-00131-00032191-00032390 during this period and historians have
XFbksSBCsMY-00132-00032391-00032558 analysed these two positive Vedic
XFbksSBCsMY-00133-00032560-00032742 culture in the Punjab region in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00134-00032743-00033027 upper Gangetic plain most historians
XFbksSBCsMY-00135-00033028-00033210 also consider this period to have
XFbksSBCsMY-00136-00033211-00033381 encompassed several waves of indo-aryan
XFbksSBCsMY-00137-00033382-00033606 migration into the subcontinent from the
XFbksSBCsMY-00138-00033607-00033912 northwest the caste system which created
XFbksSBCsMY-00139-00033913-00034164 a hierarchy of priests warriors and free
XFbksSBCsMY-00140-00034165-00034362 peasants but which excluded indigenous
XFbksSBCsMY-00141-00034363-00034554 peoples by labeling their occupations
XFbksSBCsMY-00142-00034555-00034839 impure arose during this period on the
XFbksSBCsMY-00143-00034840-00034931 Deccan Plateau
XFbksSBCsMY-00144-00034932-00035142 archaeological evidence from this period
XFbksSBCsMY-00145-00035143-00035337 suggests the existence of a chiefdom
XFbksSBCsMY-00146-00035338-00035643 stage of political organization in South
XFbksSBCsMY-00147-00035644-00035892 India a progression to sedentary life as
XFbksSBCsMY-00148-00035893-00036051 indicated by the large number of
XFbksSBCsMY-00149-00036052-00036249 megalithic monuments dating from this
XFbksSBCsMY-00150-00036250-00036468 period as well as by nearby traces of
XFbksSBCsMY-00151-00036469-00036720 agriculture irrigation tanks and craft
XFbksSBCsMY-00152-00036721-00037002 traditions in the late Vedic period
XFbksSBCsMY-00153-00037003-00037271 around the 6th century BCE the small
XFbksSBCsMY-00154-00037272-00037452 states and chiefdoms of the Ganges plain
XFbksSBCsMY-00155-00037453-00037640 in the northwestern regions had
XFbksSBCsMY-00156-00037641-00037914 consolidated into 16 major oligarchies
XFbksSBCsMY-00157-00037915-00038079 and monarchies that were known as the
XFbksSBCsMY-00158-00038080-00038382 mahajanapadas the emerging urbanisation
XFbksSBCsMY-00159-00038383-00038514 gave rise to non vey
XFbksSBCsMY-00160-00038515-00038718 religious movements two of which became
XFbksSBCsMY-00161-00038719-00039021 independent religions Jainism came into
XFbksSBCsMY-00162-00039022-00039177 prominence during the life of its
XFbksSBCsMY-00163-00039178-00039338 exemplar Mahavira
XFbksSBCsMY-00164-00039339-00039552 Buddhism based on the teachings of
XFbksSBCsMY-00165-00039553-00039774 gautuma Buddha attracted followers from
XFbksSBCsMY-00166-00039775-00039975 all social classes accepting the middle
XFbksSBCsMY-00167-00039976-00040164 class chronicling the life of the Buddha
XFbksSBCsMY-00168-00040165-00040323 was central to the beginnings of
XFbksSBCsMY-00169-00040324-00040605 recorded history in India in an age of
XFbksSBCsMY-00170-00040606-00040806 increasing urban wealth both religions
XFbksSBCsMY-00171-00040807-00041022 held up renunciation as an ideal and
XFbksSBCsMY-00172-00041023-00041229 both established long-lasting monastic
XFbksSBCsMY-00173-00041230-00041484 traditions politically by the 3rd
XFbksSBCsMY-00174-00041485-00041742 century BCE the kingdom of Magadha had
XFbksSBCsMY-00175-00041743-00041928 annexed or reduced other states to
XFbksSBCsMY-00176-00041929-00042201 emerge as the Mauryan Empire the Empire
XFbksSBCsMY-00177-00042202-00042372 was once thought to have controlled most
XFbksSBCsMY-00178-00042373-00042564 of the subcontinent excepting the far
XFbksSBCsMY-00179-00042565-00042735 south but its core regions are now
XFbksSBCsMY-00180-00042736-00042900 thought to have been separated by large
XFbksSBCsMY-00181-00042901-00043206 autonomous areas the Mauryan Kings are
XFbksSBCsMY-00182-00043207-00043386 known as much for their empire building
XFbksSBCsMY-00183-00043387-00043587 and determined management of public life
XFbksSBCsMY-00184-00043588-00043773 as for Ashoka's renunciation of
XFbksSBCsMY-00185-00043774-00044013 militarism and far-flung advocacy of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00186-00044014-00044220 buddhist dhamma the Sangam literature of
XFbksSBCsMY-00187-00044221-00044415 the tamil language reveals that between
XFbksSBCsMY-00188-00044416-00044727 200 BCE and 200 CE II the southern
XFbksSBCsMY-00189-00044728-00044928 peninsula was being ruled by the Cheras
XFbksSBCsMY-00190-00044929-00045150 the Cholas and the pandyas dynasties
XFbksSBCsMY-00191-00045151-00045339 that traded extensively with the Roman
XFbksSBCsMY-00192-00045340-00045540 Empire and with West in Southeast Asia
XFbksSBCsMY-00193-00045541-00045840 in North India Hinduism asserted
XFbksSBCsMY-00194-00045841-00046044 patriarchal control within the family
XFbksSBCsMY-00195-00046045-00046233 leading to increased subordination of
XFbksSBCsMY-00196-00046234-00046524 women by the 4th and 5th centuries the
XFbksSBCsMY-00197-00046525-00046725 Gupta Empire had created in the greater
XFbksSBCsMY-00198-00046726-00046923 Ganges plain a complex system of
XFbksSBCsMY-00199-00046924-00047142 administration and Taxation that became
XFbksSBCsMY-00200-00047143-00047397 a model for later Indian kingdoms under
XFbksSBCsMY-00201-00047398-00047637 the Guptas a renewed Hinduism based on
XFbksSBCsMY-00202-00047638-00047811 devotion rather than the management of
XFbksSBCsMY-00203-00047812-00048066 ritual began to assert itself the
XFbksSBCsMY-00204-00048067-00048264 renewal was reflected in a flowering of
XFbksSBCsMY-00205-00048265-00048462 sculpture and architecture which found
XFbksSBCsMY-00206-00048463-00048750 patrons among an urban elite classical
XFbksSBCsMY-00207-00048751-00048963 Sanskrit literature flowered as well an
XFbksSBCsMY-00208-00048964-00049215 indian science astronomy medicine and
XFbksSBCsMY-00209-00049216-00049926 mathematics made significant advances
XFbksSBCsMY-00210-00049927-00050454 topic medieval India
XFbksSBCsMY-00211-00050455-00050751 the indian early medieval age 600 CE II
XFbksSBCsMY-00212-00050752-00051042 took 1200 CE II is defined by regional
XFbksSBCsMY-00213-00051043-00051305 kingdoms and cultural diversity when
XFbksSBCsMY-00214-00051307-00051521 Harsha of connage who ruled much of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00215-00051522-00051914 indo-gangetic plain from 606 to 647 C II
XFbksSBCsMY-00216-00051915-00052154 attempted to expand southwards he was
XFbksSBCsMY-00217-00052155-00052340 defeated by the Shalu Q ruler of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00218-00052341-00052596 Deccan when his successor attempted to
XFbksSBCsMY-00219-00052597-00052803 expand eastwards he was defeated by the
XFbksSBCsMY-00220-00052804-00053094 pala King of Bengal when the Shah loukas
XFbksSBCsMY-00221-00053095-00053298 attempted to expand southwards they were
XFbksSBCsMY-00222-00053299-00053469 defeated by the pala va's from farther
XFbksSBCsMY-00223-00053470-00053649 south who in turn were opposed by the
XFbksSBCsMY-00224-00053650-00053816 pandyas and the Cholas from still
XFbksSBCsMY-00225-00053817-00054092 farther south no ruler of this period
XFbksSBCsMY-00226-00054094-00054269 was able to create an empire and
XFbksSBCsMY-00227-00054270-00054474 consistently control lands much beyond
XFbksSBCsMY-00228-00054475-00054699 his core region during this time
XFbksSBCsMY-00229-00054700-00054876 pastoral peoples whose land had been
XFbksSBCsMY-00230-00054877-00055023 cleared to make way for the growing
XFbksSBCsMY-00231-00055024-00055254 agricultural economy were accommodated
XFbksSBCsMY-00232-00055254-00055437 within caste society as were new
XFbksSBCsMY-00233-00055438-00055722 non-traditional ruling classes the caste
XFbksSBCsMY-00234-00055723-00055911 system consequently began to show
XFbksSBCsMY-00235-00055912-00056148 regional differences in the 6th and 7th
XFbksSBCsMY-00236-00056149-00056337 centuries the first devotional hymns
XFbksSBCsMY-00237-00056338-00056606 were created in the Tamil language they
XFbksSBCsMY-00238-00056607-00056813 were imitated all over India and led to
XFbksSBCsMY-00239-00056814-00057021 both the resurgence of Hinduism and the
XFbksSBCsMY-00240-00057022-00057222 development of all modern languages of
XFbksSBCsMY-00241-00057223-00057525 the subcontinent Indian royalty big and
XFbksSBCsMY-00242-00057526-00057711 small and the temples they patronized
XFbksSBCsMY-00243-00057712-00057921 drew citizens in great numbers to the
XFbksSBCsMY-00244-00057922-00058128 capital cities which became economic
XFbksSBCsMY-00245-00058129-00058404 hubs as well temple towns of various
XFbksSBCsMY-00246-00058404-00058601 sizes began to appear everywhere as
XFbksSBCsMY-00247-00058602-00058880 India underwent another urbanization by
XFbksSBCsMY-00248-00058882-00059042 the eighth and ninth centuries the
XFbksSBCsMY-00249-00059044-00059253 effects were felt in Southeast Asia as
XFbksSBCsMY-00250-00059254-00059409 South Indian culture and political
XFbksSBCsMY-00251-00059410-00059616 systems were exported to lands that
XFbksSBCsMY-00252-00059616-00059819 became part of modern-day Myanmar
XFbksSBCsMY-00253-00059820-00060029 Thailand Laos Cambodia Vietnam
XFbksSBCsMY-00254-00060030-00060411 Philippines Malaysia and Java Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00255-00060412-00060648 merchants scholars and sometimes armies
XFbksSBCsMY-00256-00060649-00060788 were involved in this transmission
XFbksSBCsMY-00257-00060789-00061035 Southeast Asians took the initiative as
XFbksSBCsMY-00258-00061036-00061224 well with many sojourning and Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00259-00061225-00061442 seminaries and translating Buddhist and
XFbksSBCsMY-00260-00061444-00061631 Hindu texts into their languages after
XFbksSBCsMY-00261-00061632-00061880 the 10th century Muslim Central Asian
XFbksSBCsMY-00262-00061882-00062126 nomadic clans using Swift horse cavalry
XFbksSBCsMY-00263-00062127-00062330 and raising vast armies united by
XFbksSBCsMY-00264-00062332-00062544 ethnicity and religion repeatedly over
XFbksSBCsMY-00265-00062545-00062756 and South Asia's northwestern Plains
XFbksSBCsMY-00266-00062757-00062957 leading eventually to the establishment
XFbksSBCsMY-00267-00062958-00063221 of the Islamic Delhi Sultanate in 1206
XFbksSBCsMY-00268-00063222-00063462 the Sultanate was to control much of
XFbksSBCsMY-00269-00063463-00063684 North India and to make many forays into
XFbksSBCsMY-00270-00063685-00063804 South India
XFbksSBCsMY-00271-00063804-00063992 although at first disruptive for the
XFbksSBCsMY-00272-00063994-00064212 Indian elites the Sultanate largely left
XFbksSBCsMY-00273-00064213-00064410 its vast non-muslim subject population
XFbksSBCsMY-00274-00064411-00064691 to its own laws and customs by
XFbksSBCsMY-00275-00064692-00064911 repeatedly repulsing Mongol Raiders in
XFbksSBCsMY-00276-00064912-00065124 the 13th century the Sultanate saved
XFbksSBCsMY-00277-00065125-00065328 India from the devastation visited on
XFbksSBCsMY-00278-00065329-00065547 West and Central Asia setting the scene
XFbksSBCsMY-00279-00065548-00065736 for centuries of migration of fleeing
XFbksSBCsMY-00280-00065737-00065981 soldiers learned men mystics traders
XFbksSBCsMY-00281-00065982-00066200 artists and artisans from that region
XFbksSBCsMY-00282-00066201-00066315 into the subcontinent
XFbksSBCsMY-00283-00066316-00066498 thereby creating a syncretic Indo
XFbksSBCsMY-00284-00066499-00066771 Islamic culture in the north the Sultan
XFbksSBCsMY-00285-00066772-00066903 it's raiding and weakening of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00286-00066904-00067110 regional kingdoms of South India paved
XFbksSBCsMY-00287-00067111-00067313 the way for the indigenous Vijayanagara
XFbksSBCsMY-00288-00067314-00067605 Empire embracing a strong Shaivite
XFbksSBCsMY-00289-00067606-00067809 tradition and building upon the military
XFbksSBCsMY-00290-00067810-00068010 technology of the Sultanate the Empire
XFbksSBCsMY-00291-00068011-00068190 came to control much of peninsular India
XFbksSBCsMY-00292-00068191-00068397 and was to influence South Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00293-00068398-00069040 society for long afterwards
XFbksSBCsMY-00294-00069041-00069594 topic early modern India
XFbksSBCsMY-00295-00069595-00069894 in the early 16th century northern India
XFbksSBCsMY-00296-00069895-00070086 being then under mainly Muslim rulers
XFbksSBCsMY-00297-00070087-00070305 fell again to the superior mobility and
XFbksSBCsMY-00298-00070306-00070530 firepower of a new generation of Central
XFbksSBCsMY-00299-00070531-00070787 Asian warriors the resulting Mughal
XFbksSBCsMY-00300-00070788-00070988 Empire did not stamp out the local
XFbksSBCsMY-00301-00070989-00071187 societies it came to rule but rather
XFbksSBCsMY-00302-00071188-00071387 balanced and pacified them through new
XFbksSBCsMY-00303-00071388-00071610 administrative practices and diverse and
XFbksSBCsMY-00304-00071611-00071823 inclusive ruling elites leading to more
XFbksSBCsMY-00305-00071824-00072100 systematic centralized and uniform rule
XFbksSBCsMY-00306-00072101-00072360 issuing tribal bonds and Islamic
XFbksSBCsMY-00307-00072361-00072597 identity especially under Akbar the
XFbksSBCsMY-00308-00072598-00072794 Mughals United their far-flung realms
XFbksSBCsMY-00309-00072795-00072960 through loyalty expressed through a
XFbksSBCsMY-00310-00072961-00073155 Persian eyes culture to an emperor who
XFbksSBCsMY-00311-00073156-00073431 had near divine status the Mughal States
XFbksSBCsMY-00312-00073432-00073682 economic policies deriving most revenues
XFbksSBCsMY-00313-00073683-00073875 from agriculture and mandating that
XFbksSBCsMY-00314-00073876-00074040 taxes be paid in the well-regulated
XFbksSBCsMY-00315-00074041-00074265 silver currency caused peasants and
XFbksSBCsMY-00316-00074266-00074531 artisans to enter larger markets the
XFbksSBCsMY-00317-00074532-00074726 relative peace maintained by the Empire
XFbksSBCsMY-00318-00074727-00074949 during much of the 17th century was a
XFbksSBCsMY-00319-00074950-00075174 factor in India's economic expansion
XFbksSBCsMY-00320-00075175-00075350 resulting in greater patronage of
XFbksSBCsMY-00321-00075351-00075600 painting literary forms textiles and
XFbksSBCsMY-00322-00075601-00075891 architecture newly coherent social
XFbksSBCsMY-00323-00075892-00076059 groups in northern and western India
XFbksSBCsMY-00324-00076060-00076323 such as the Marathas the Rajput and the
XFbksSBCsMY-00325-00076324-00076512 Sikhs gained military and governing
XFbksSBCsMY-00326-00076513-00076694 ambitions during Mughal rule which
XFbksSBCsMY-00327-00076695-00076919 through collaboration or adversity gave
XFbksSBCsMY-00328-00076920-00077091 them both recognition and military
XFbksSBCsMY-00329-00077092-00077367 experience expanding commerce during
XFbksSBCsMY-00330-00077368-00077586 Mughal rule gave rise to new Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00331-00077587-00077775 commercial and political elites along
XFbksSBCsMY-00332-00077776-00077963 the coasts of southern and eastern India
XFbksSBCsMY-00333-00077964-00078263 as the Empire disintegrated many among
XFbksSBCsMY-00334-00078264-00078429 these elites were able to seek and
XFbksSBCsMY-00335-00078430-00078615 control their own affairs by the early
XFbksSBCsMY-00336-00078616-00078771 eighteenth century with the lines
XFbksSBCsMY-00337-00078772-00078906 between commercial and political
XFbksSBCsMY-00338-00078907-00079146 dominance being increasingly blurred a
XFbksSBCsMY-00339-00079147-00079329 number of European trading companies
XFbksSBCsMY-00340-00079330-00079542 including the English East India Company
XFbksSBCsMY-00341-00079543-00079826 had established coastal outposts the
XFbksSBCsMY-00342-00079827-00080040 East India Company's control of the Seas
XFbksSBCsMY-00343-00080041-00080259 greater resources and more advanced
XFbksSBCsMY-00344-00080260-00080478 military training and technology led it
XFbksSBCsMY-00345-00080479-00080681 to increasingly flex its military muscle
XFbksSBCsMY-00346-00080682-00080876 and caused it to become attractive to a
XFbksSBCsMY-00347-00080877-00081042 portion of the Indian elite these
XFbksSBCsMY-00348-00081043-00081222 factors were crucial in allowing the
XFbksSBCsMY-00349-00081223-00081417 company to gain control over the Bengal
XFbksSBCsMY-00350-00081418-00081707 region by 1765 and sidelined the other
XFbksSBCsMY-00351-00081708-00082013 European companies its further access to
XFbksSBCsMY-00352-00082014-00082215 the riches of Bengal and the subsequent
XFbksSBCsMY-00353-00082216-00082410 increased strength and size of its army
XFbksSBCsMY-00354-00082411-00082671 enabled it to an exorcist of India by
XFbksSBCsMY-00355-00082672-00082978 the 1820s India was then no long
XFbksSBCsMY-00356-00082979-00083194 exporting manufactured goods as it long
XFbksSBCsMY-00357-00083195-00083371 had but was instead supplying the
XFbksSBCsMY-00358-00083372-00083572 British Empire with raw materials and
XFbksSBCsMY-00359-00083573-00083770 many historians consider this to be the
XFbksSBCsMY-00360-00083771-00084061 onset of India's colonial period by this
XFbksSBCsMY-00361-00084062-00084289 time with its economic power severely
XFbksSBCsMY-00362-00084290-00084481 curtailed by the British Parliament and
XFbksSBCsMY-00363-00084482-00084658 effectively having been made an arm of
XFbksSBCsMY-00364-00084659-00084859 British administration the company began
XFbksSBCsMY-00365-00084860-00085084 to more consciously enter non-economic
XFbksSBCsMY-00366-00085085-00085336 arenas such as education social reform
XFbksSBCsMY-00367-00085337-00085885 and culture
XFbksSBCsMY-00368-00085886-00086397 topic modern India
XFbksSBCsMY-00369-00086398-00086684 history of the Republic of India
XFbksSBCsMY-00370-00086685-00086934 historians consider India's modern age
XFbksSBCsMY-00371-00086935-00087207 to have begun sometime between 1848 and
XFbksSBCsMY-00372-00087208-00087600 1885 the appointment in 1848 of Lord
XFbksSBCsMY-00373-00087601-00087795 Dalhousie as governor-general of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00374-00087796-00087975 East India Company set the stage for
XFbksSBCsMY-00375-00087976-00088206 changes essential to a modern state
XFbksSBCsMY-00376-00088207-00088449 these included the consolidation and
XFbksSBCsMY-00377-00088450-00088626 demarcation of sovereignty the
XFbksSBCsMY-00378-00088627-00088809 surveillance of the population and the
XFbksSBCsMY-00379-00088810-00089103 education of citizens technological
XFbksSBCsMY-00380-00089104-00089262 changes among them
XFbksSBCsMY-00381-00089263-00089538 railways canals and the Telegraph were
XFbksSBCsMY-00382-00089539-00089688 introduced not long after their
XFbksSBCsMY-00383-00089689-00089888 introduction in Europe however
XFbksSBCsMY-00384-00089889-00090138 disaffection with the company also grew
XFbksSBCsMY-00385-00090139-00090327 during this time and set off the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00386-00090328-00090654 rebellion of 1857 fed by diverse
XFbksSBCsMY-00387-00090655-00090864 resentments and perceptions including
XFbksSBCsMY-00388-00090865-00091086 invasive British style social reforms
XFbksSBCsMY-00389-00091087-00091326 harsh land taxes and summary treatment
XFbksSBCsMY-00390-00091327-00091530 of some rich landowners and princes the
XFbksSBCsMY-00391-00091531-00091692 rebellion rocked many regions of
XFbksSBCsMY-00392-00091693-00091890 northern and central India and shook the
XFbksSBCsMY-00393-00091891-00092154 foundations of company rule although the
XFbksSBCsMY-00394-00092155-00092433 rebellion was suppressed by 1858 it led
XFbksSBCsMY-00395-00092434-00092604 to the dissolution of the East India
XFbksSBCsMY-00396-00092605-00092817 Company in the direct administration of
XFbksSBCsMY-00397-00092818-00092978 India by the British government
XFbksSBCsMY-00398-00092979-00093219 proclaiming a unitary state and a
XFbksSBCsMY-00399-00093220-00093399 gradual but limited British style
XFbksSBCsMY-00400-00093400-00093621 parliamentary system the new rulers also
XFbksSBCsMY-00401-00093622-00093861 protected princes and landed gentry as a
XFbksSBCsMY-00402-00093862-00094074 feudal safeguard against future unrest
XFbksSBCsMY-00403-00094075-00094353 in the decades following public life
XFbksSBCsMY-00404-00094354-00094596 gradually emerged all over India leading
XFbksSBCsMY-00405-00094597-00094776 eventually to the founding of the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00406-00094777-00095139 National Congress in 1885 the rush of
XFbksSBCsMY-00407-00095140-00095340 Technology and the commercialization of
XFbksSBCsMY-00408-00095341-00095529 agriculture in the second half of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00409-00095530-00095685 nineteenth century was marked by
XFbksSBCsMY-00410-00095686-00095970 economic setbacks many small farmers
XFbksSBCsMY-00411-00095971-00096147 became dependent on the whims of faraway
XFbksSBCsMY-00412-00096148-00096408 markets there was an increase in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00413-00096409-00096576 number of large-scale famines and
XFbksSBCsMY-00414-00096577-00096756 despite the risks of infrastructure
XFbksSBCsMY-00415-00096757-00096963 development borne by Indian taxpayers
XFbksSBCsMY-00416-00096964-00097143 little industrial employment was
XFbksSBCsMY-00417-00097144-00097269 generated for Indians
XFbksSBCsMY-00418-00097270-00097524 there were also salutary effects
XFbksSBCsMY-00419-00097525-00097728 commercial cropping especially in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00420-00097729-00097941 newly kennalt' Punjab led to increased
XFbksSBCsMY-00421-00097942-00098130 food production for internal consumption
XFbksSBCsMY-00422-00098131-00098394 the railway network provided critical
XFbksSBCsMY-00423-00098395-00098634 famine relief notably reduced the cost
XFbksSBCsMY-00424-00098635-00098805 of moving Goods and helped the nascent
XFbksSBCsMY-00425-00098806-00099027 Indian owned industry after World War
XFbksSBCsMY-00426-00099028-00099258 one in which approximately 10 lakh 1
XFbksSBCsMY-00427-00099259-00099468 million Indians served a new period
XFbksSBCsMY-00428-00099469-00099776 began it was marked by British reforms
XFbksSBCsMY-00429-00099777-00100007 but also repressive legislations by more
XFbksSBCsMY-00430-00100008-00100232 strident Indian calls for self-rule and
XFbksSBCsMY-00431-00100233-00100371 by the beginnings of a non-violent
XFbksSBCsMY-00432-00100372-00100586 movement of non-cooperation of which
XFbksSBCsMY-00433-00100587-00100793 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi would become
XFbksSBCsMY-00434-00100794-00101048 the leader an enduring symbol during the
XFbksSBCsMY-00435-00101049-00101312 1930s slow legislative reform was
XFbksSBCsMY-00436-00101313-00101484 enacted by the British the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00437-00101485-00101675 National Congress won victories in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00438-00101676-00101954 resulting elections the next decade was
XFbksSBCsMY-00439-00101955-00102153 beset with crises Indian participation
XFbksSBCsMY-00440-00102154-00102434 in World War two the Congress's final
XFbksSBCsMY-00441-00102435-00102653 push for non-cooperation and an upsurge
XFbksSBCsMY-00442-00102654-00102939 of Muslim nationalism all were capped by
XFbksSBCsMY-00443-00102940-00103232 the advent of independence in 1947 but
XFbksSBCsMY-00444-00103233-00103427 tempered by the partition of India into
XFbksSBCsMY-00445-00103428-00103689 two states India and Pakistan vital to
XFbksSBCsMY-00446-00103690-00103886 India's self-image as an independent
XFbksSBCsMY-00447-00103888-00104114 nation was its constitution completed in
XFbksSBCsMY-00448-00104115-00104390 1950 which put in place a secular and
XFbksSBCsMY-00449-00104391-00104657 democratic republic it has remained a
XFbksSBCsMY-00450-00104658-00104891 democracy with civil liberties an active
XFbksSBCsMY-00451-00104892-00105108 Supreme Court and a largely independent
XFbksSBCsMY-00452-00105108-00105410 press economic liberalisation which was
XFbksSBCsMY-00453-00105411-00105681 begun in the 1990s has created a large
XFbksSBCsMY-00454-00105682-00105908 urban middle class transformed India
XFbksSBCsMY-00455-00105909-00106083 into one of the world's fastest-growing
XFbksSBCsMY-00456-00106083-00106289 economies and increased its geopolitical
XFbksSBCsMY-00457-00106290-00106383 clout
XFbksSBCsMY-00458-00106383-00106658 Indian movies music and spiritual
XFbksSBCsMY-00459-00106659-00106833 teachings play an increasing role in
XFbksSBCsMY-00460-00106833-00107163 global culture yet India is also shaped
XFbksSBCsMY-00461-00107164-00107366 by seemingly unyielding poverty both
XFbksSBCsMY-00462-00107367-00107595 rural and urban by religious and caste
XFbksSBCsMY-00463-00107596-00107808 related violence by Maoist inspired
XFbksSBCsMY-00464-00107808-00108038 Naxalite insurgencies and by separatism
XFbksSBCsMY-00465-00108039-00108254 in Jammu and Kashmir and in northeast
XFbksSBCsMY-00466-00108255-00108500 India it has unresolved territorial
XFbksSBCsMY-00467-00108501-00108744 disputes with China and with Pakistan
XFbksSBCsMY-00468-00108745-00109028 the India Pakistan nuclear rivalry came
XFbksSBCsMY-00469-00109029-00109208 to a head in 1998
XFbksSBCsMY-00470-00109209-00109482 India's sustained democratic freedoms
XFbksSBCsMY-00471-00109483-00109632 are unique among the world's newer
XFbksSBCsMY-00472-00109633-00109853 nations however in spite of its recent
XFbksSBCsMY-00473-00109854-00110100 economic successes freedom from want for
XFbksSBCsMY-00474-00110101-00110315 its disadvantaged population remains a
XFbksSBCsMY-00475-00110316-00110933 goal yet to be achieved
XFbksSBCsMY-00476-00110934-00111471 topic geography
XFbksSBCsMY-00477-00111472-00111717 India comprises the bulk of the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00478-00111718-00111908 subcontinent lying atop the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00479-00111909-00112065 tectonic plate and part of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00480-00112066-00112208 indo-australian plate
XFbksSBCsMY-00481-00112209-00112500 India's defining geological processes
XFbksSBCsMY-00482-00112501-00112910 began 7.5 lakh 75 million years ago when
XFbksSBCsMY-00483-00112911-00113067 the Indian plate then part of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00484-00113068-00113274 southern supercontinent Gondwana began
XFbksSBCsMY-00485-00113275-00113448 to northeastward drift caused by
XFbksSBCsMY-00486-00113449-00113652 seafloor spreading to its southwest and
XFbksSBCsMY-00487-00113653-00113984 later south and southeast simultaneously
XFbksSBCsMY-00488-00113985-00114216 the vast Teton oceanic crust to its
XFbksSBCsMY-00489-00114217-00114405 northeast began to subduct under the
XFbksSBCsMY-00490-00114406-00114678 Eurasian Plate these dual processes
XFbksSBCsMY-00491-00114679-00114833 driven by convection in the Earth's
XFbksSBCsMY-00492-00114834-00115071 mantle both created the Indian Ocean and
XFbksSBCsMY-00493-00115072-00115248 caused the Indian continental crust
XFbksSBCsMY-00494-00115249-00115455 eventually to under thrust Eurasia and
XFbksSBCsMY-00495-00115456-00115716 to uplift the Himalayas immediately
XFbksSBCsMY-00496-00115717-00115914 south of the emerging Himalayas plate
XFbksSBCsMY-00497-00115915-00116082 movement created a vast trough that
XFbksSBCsMY-00498-00116083-00116316 rapidly filled with river borne sediment
XFbksSBCsMY-00499-00116317-00116463 and now constitutes the indo-gangetic
XFbksSBCsMY-00500-00116464-00116745 plain cut off from the plain by the
XFbksSBCsMY-00501-00116746-00116946 ancient air valley range lies the thar
XFbksSBCsMY-00502-00116947-00117126 desert the original Indian plate
XFbksSBCsMY-00503-00117127-00117357 survives as peninsular India the oldest
XFbksSBCsMY-00504-00117358-00117555 and geologically most stable part of
XFbksSBCsMY-00505-00117556-00117825 India it extends as far north as the
XFbksSBCsMY-00506-00117826-00118053 sapore and Vindhya ranges in central
XFbksSBCsMY-00507-00118054-00118334 india these parallel chains run from the
XFbksSBCsMY-00508-00118335-00118563 Arabian Sea coast in Gujarat in the West
XFbksSBCsMY-00509-00118564-00118797 to the coal-rich chota nagpur plateau in
XFbksSBCsMY-00510-00118798-00119064 Jharkhand in the east to the south the
XFbksSBCsMY-00511-00119065-00119283 remaining peninsular landmass the Deccan
XFbksSBCsMY-00512-00119283-00119496 Plateau is flanked on the west and east
XFbksSBCsMY-00513-00119497-00119711 by coastal ranges known as the Western
XFbksSBCsMY-00514-00119713-00119913 and Eastern Ghats the plateau contains
XFbksSBCsMY-00515-00119914-00120105 the country's oldest rock formations
XFbksSBCsMY-00516-00120106-00120341 some over 1 billion years old
XFbksSBCsMY-00517-00120342-00120603 constituted in such fashion India lies
XFbksSBCsMY-00518-00120604-00120801 to the north of the Equator between six
XFbksSBCsMY-00519-00120802-00121101 degrees 44 and 35 degrees 30 north
XFbksSBCsMY-00520-00121102-00121440 latitude and 68 degrees 7 and 97 degrees
XFbksSBCsMY-00521-00121441-00121797 25 east longitude India's coastline
XFbksSBCsMY-00522-00121798-00122295 measures 7500 17 kilometres 4700 miles
XFbksSBCsMY-00523-00122296-00122636 in length of this distance 5423
XFbksSBCsMY-00524-00122638-00122967 kilometres 3,400 miles belonged to
XFbksSBCsMY-00525-00122968-00123305 peninsular India and 2094 kilometres
XFbksSBCsMY-00526-00123306-00123597 1,300 miles to the Andaman Nicobar and
XFbksSBCsMY-00527-00123598-00123767 Laksha deep island chains
XFbksSBCsMY-00528-00123768-00123959 according to the Indian naval
XFbksSBCsMY-00529-00123960-00124140 hydrographic charts the mainland
XFbksSBCsMY-00530-00124141-00124433 coastline consists of the following 43%
XFbksSBCsMY-00531-00124434-00124770 sandy beaches 11% rocky shores including
XFbksSBCsMY-00532-00124771-00124859 cliffs and
XFbksSBCsMY-00533-00124860-00125133 36% mudflats or marshy Shores major
XFbksSBCsMY-00534-00125133-00125309 Himalayan origin rivers that
XFbksSBCsMY-00535-00125310-00125516 substantially flow through India include
XFbksSBCsMY-00536-00125517-00125721 the Ganges and the Brahmaputra both of
XFbksSBCsMY-00537-00125722-00125924 which drain into the Bay of Bengal
XFbksSBCsMY-00538-00125925-00126168 important tributaries of the Ganges
XFbksSBCsMY-00539-00126169-00126351 include the Yamuna and the Cosi the
XFbksSBCsMY-00540-00126352-00126554 latter's extremely low gradient often
XFbksSBCsMY-00541-00126555-00126716 leads to severe floods and course
XFbksSBCsMY-00542-00126717-00127010 changes major Peninsular rivers whose
XFbksSBCsMY-00543-00127011-00127197 steeper gradients prevent their waters
XFbksSBCsMY-00544-00127198-00127401 from flooding include the Godavari the
XFbksSBCsMY-00545-00127402-00127610 Mahanadi the Kaveri and the Krishna
XFbksSBCsMY-00546-00127611-00127758 which also drained into the Bay of
XFbksSBCsMY-00547-00127758-00127977 Bengal and the Narmada and the tapti
XFbksSBCsMY-00548-00127978-00128283 which drain into the Arabian Sea coastal
XFbksSBCsMY-00549-00128283-00128445 features include the marshy Rann of
XFbksSBCsMY-00550-00128446-00128660 Kutch of western India and the alluvial
XFbksSBCsMY-00551-00128661-00128883 Sundarbans Delta of eastern India the
XFbksSBCsMY-00552-00128883-00129150 latter is shared with Bangladesh India
XFbksSBCsMY-00553-00129151-00129414 has two archipelagos the laxity coral
XFbksSBCsMY-00554-00129415-00129653 atolls of India's southwestern coast and
XFbksSBCsMY-00555-00129654-00129849 the Andaman and Nicobar Islands a
XFbksSBCsMY-00556-00129850-00130085 volcanic chain in the Andaman Sea the
XFbksSBCsMY-00557-00130086-00130293 Indian climate is strongly influenced by
XFbksSBCsMY-00558-00130294-00130488 the Himalayas and the thar desert both
XFbksSBCsMY-00559-00130489-00130665 of which drive the economically and
XFbksSBCsMY-00560-00130666-00130833 culturally pivotal summer and winter
XFbksSBCsMY-00561-00130833-00131115 monsoons the Himalayas prevent cold
XFbksSBCsMY-00562-00131116-00131319 Central Asian katabatic winds from
XFbksSBCsMY-00563-00131320-00131484 blowing in keeping the bulk of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00564-00131485-00131666 Indian subcontinent warmer than most
XFbksSBCsMY-00565-00131667-00131966 locations at similar latitudes the thar
XFbksSBCsMY-00566-00131967-00132144 desert plays a crucial role in
XFbksSBCsMY-00567-00132145-00132345 attracting the moisture Laden Southwest
XFbksSBCsMY-00568-00132346-00132564 summer monsoon winds that between June
XFbksSBCsMY-00569-00132565-00132753 and October provide the majority of
XFbksSBCsMY-00570-00132754-00133032 India's rainfall for major climatic
XFbksSBCsMY-00571-00133033-00133284 groupings predominate in India tropical
XFbksSBCsMY-00572-00133285-00133521 wet tropical dry subtropical humid and
XFbksSBCsMY-00573-00133522-00134085 Montagne
XFbksSBCsMY-00574-00134086-00134639 topic biodiversity
XFbksSBCsMY-00575-00134640-00134888 India lies within the indomalaya ecozone
XFbksSBCsMY-00576-00134889-00135146 and contains three biodiversity hotspots
XFbksSBCsMY-00577-00135147-00135350 one of seventeen mega-diverse countries
XFbksSBCsMY-00578-00135351-00135647 it hosts 8.6 percent of all mammalian
XFbksSBCsMY-00579-00135648-00135872 thirteen point seven percent of all
XFbksSBCsMY-00580-00135873-00136103 avian seven point nine percent of all
XFbksSBCsMY-00581-00136104-00136439 reptilian 6% of all amphibian 12.2
XFbksSBCsMY-00582-00136440-00136703 percent of all piscine and 6.0 percent
XFbksSBCsMY-00583-00136704-00136979 of all flowering plant species about
XFbksSBCsMY-00584-00136980-00137168 twenty one point two percent of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00585-00137169-00137402 country's landmass is covered by forests
XFbksSBCsMY-00586-00137403-00137678 tree canopy density greater than 10% of
XFbksSBCsMY-00587-00137679-00138014 which 12.2% comprises moderately or very
XFbksSBCsMY-00588-00138015-00138233 dense forests tree canopy density
XFbksSBCsMY-00589-00138234-00138529 greater than 40 percent endemism is high
XFbksSBCsMY-00590-00138530-00138766 among plants 33 percent and among
XFbksSBCsMY-00591-00138767-00139012 ecoregions such as the schola forests
XFbksSBCsMY-00592-00139013-00139250 habitat ranges from the tropical
XFbksSBCsMY-00593-00139251-00139427 rainforests of the Andaman Islands
XFbksSBCsMY-00594-00139428-00139654 Western Ghats and northeast India to the
XFbksSBCsMY-00595-00139655-00139828 coniferous forests of the Himalaya
XFbksSBCsMY-00596-00139829-00140057 between these extremes lied the moist
XFbksSBCsMY-00597-00140058-00140264 deciduous Sal forests of eastern India
XFbksSBCsMY-00598-00140265-00140489 the dried deciduous teeth forests of
XFbksSBCsMY-00599-00140490-00140687 central and southern India and the babul
XFbksSBCsMY-00600-00140688-00140897 dominated thorn forests of the central
XFbksSBCsMY-00601-00140898-00141161 Deccan and Western Gangetic plain the
XFbksSBCsMY-00602-00141162-00141371 medicinal neem widely used in rural
XFbksSBCsMY-00603-00141372-00141584 Indian herbal remedies is a key Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00604-00141585-00141911 tree the luxuriant Pipal fig tree shown
XFbksSBCsMY-00605-00141912-00142129 on the seals of mohenjo-daro shaded
XFbksSBCsMY-00606-00142130-00142265 Gautama Buddha as he sought
XFbksSBCsMY-00607-00142266-00142553 enlightenment many Indian species
XFbksSBCsMY-00608-00142554-00142736 descend from taxa originating in
XFbksSBCsMY-00609-00142737-00142928 Gondwana from which the Indian plate
XFbksSBCsMY-00610-00142929-00143246 separated more than 10.5 crore 105
XFbksSBCsMY-00611-00143247-00143434 million years before present
XFbksSBCsMY-00612-00143435-00143678 peninsular India's subsequent movement
XFbksSBCsMY-00613-00143679-00143861 towards in collision with the law region
XFbksSBCsMY-00614-00143862-00144059 landmass set off a mass exchange of
XFbksSBCsMY-00615-00144060-00144359 species epical volcanism and climatic
XFbksSBCsMY-00616-00144360-00144620 changes two crore 20 million years ago
XFbksSBCsMY-00617-00144621-00144904 forced a mass extinction mammals then
XFbksSBCsMY-00618-00144905-00145106 entered India from Asia through to zoo a
XFbksSBCsMY-00619-00145107-00145334 geographical passes flanking the rising
XFbksSBCsMY-00620-00145335-00145741 Himalaya thus while 45.8% of reptiles
XFbksSBCsMY-00621-00145742-00146114 and 55.8% of amphibians are endemic only
XFbksSBCsMY-00622-00146115-00146529 12.6% of mammals and 4.5% of birds are
XFbksSBCsMY-00623-00146530-00146798 among them are the Nilgiri leaf monkey
XFbksSBCsMY-00624-00146799-00147004 and Vidal's toad of the Western Ghats
XFbksSBCsMY-00625-00147005-00147461 India contains 172 IUCN designated
XFbksSBCsMY-00626-00147462-00147710 threatened animal species or 2.9 percent
XFbksSBCsMY-00627-00147711-00147902 of endangered forms
XFbksSBCsMY-00628-00147903-00148115 these include the Asiatic Lion the
XFbksSBCsMY-00629-00148116-00148322 Bengal tiger the Snow Leopard and the
XFbksSBCsMY-00630-00148323-00148508 Indian white-rumped vulture which by
XFbksSBCsMY-00631-00148509-00148670 ingesting the carrion of diclofenac
XFbksSBCsMY-00632-00148671-00149018 laced cattle nearly became extinct the
XFbksSBCsMY-00633-00149019-00149243 pervasive and ecologically devastating
XFbksSBCsMY-00634-00149244-00149462 human encroachment of recent decades has
XFbksSBCsMY-00635-00149463-00149716 critically endangered Indian wildlife in
XFbksSBCsMY-00636-00149717-00149990 response the system of national parks
XFbksSBCsMY-00637-00149991-00150232 and protected areas first established in
XFbksSBCsMY-00638-00150233-00150701 1935 was substantially expanded in 1972
XFbksSBCsMY-00639-00150702-00150896 India enacted the Wildlife Protection
XFbksSBCsMY-00640-00150897-00151127 Act and project Tiger to safeguard
XFbksSBCsMY-00641-00151128-00151292 crucial wilderness the forest
XFbksSBCsMY-00642-00151293-00151565 conservation Act was enacted in 1980 and
XFbksSBCsMY-00643-00151566-00151910 amendments added in 1988 India hosts
XFbksSBCsMY-00644-00151911-00152156 more than 500 wildlife sanctuaries and
XFbksSBCsMY-00645-00152157-00152417 13 biosphere reserves four of which are
XFbksSBCsMY-00646-00152418-00152552 part of the world network of biosphere
XFbksSBCsMY-00647-00152553-00152843 reserves 25 wetlands are registered
XFbksSBCsMY-00648-00152844-00153484 under the Ramsar Convention
XFbksSBCsMY-00649-00153485-00154056 topic politics and government
XFbksSBCsMY-00650-00154057-00154402 you
XFbksSBCsMY-00651-00154403-00154905 topic politics
XFbksSBCsMY-00652-00154906-00155133 India is the world's most populous
XFbksSBCsMY-00653-00155134-00155403 democracy a parliamentary republic with
XFbksSBCsMY-00654-00155404-00155598 a multi-party system it has seven
XFbksSBCsMY-00655-00155599-00155820 recognized national parties including
XFbksSBCsMY-00656-00155821-00155997 the Indian National Congress and the
XFbksSBCsMY-00657-00155998-00156285 Bharatiya Janata Party BJP and more than
XFbksSBCsMY-00658-00156286-00156558 40 regional parties the Congress has
XFbksSBCsMY-00659-00156559-00156735 considered center-left in Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00660-00156736-00156978 political culture and the BJP right-wing
XFbksSBCsMY-00661-00156979-00157365 for most of the period between 1950 when
XFbksSBCsMY-00662-00157366-00157611 India first became a republic and the
XFbksSBCsMY-00663-00157612-00157869 late 1980s the Congress held a majority
XFbksSBCsMY-00664-00157870-00158145 in the parliament since then however it
XFbksSBCsMY-00665-00158146-00158331 has increasingly shared the political
XFbksSBCsMY-00666-00158332-00158556 stage with the BJP as well as with
XFbksSBCsMY-00667-00158557-00158721 powerful regional parties which have
XFbksSBCsMY-00668-00158722-00158958 often forced the creation of multi-party
XFbksSBCsMY-00669-00158959-00159144 coalition governments at the centre in
XFbksSBCsMY-00670-00159145-00159327 the Republic of India's first three
XFbksSBCsMY-00671-00159328-00159819 general elections in 1951 1957 in 1962
XFbksSBCsMY-00672-00159820-00160050 the jawaharlal nehru led Congress when
XFbksSBCsMY-00673-00160051-00160413 easy victories on Nehru's death in 1964
XFbksSBCsMY-00674-00160414-00160677 Lal Bahadur Shastri briefly became prime
XFbksSBCsMY-00675-00160678-00160893 minister he was succeeded after his own
XFbksSBCsMY-00676-00160894-00161193 unexpected death in 1966 by Indira
XFbksSBCsMY-00677-00161194-00161385 Gandhi who went on to lead the Congress
XFbksSBCsMY-00678-00161386-00161753 to election victories in 1967 and 1971
XFbksSBCsMY-00679-00161754-00162021 following public discontent with the
XFbksSBCsMY-00680-00162022-00162327 state of emergency she declared in 1975
XFbksSBCsMY-00681-00162328-00162566 the Congress was voted out of power in
XFbksSBCsMY-00682-00162567-00162855 1977 the then-new Janata Party which had
XFbksSBCsMY-00683-00162856-00163140 opposed the emergency was voted in its
XFbksSBCsMY-00684-00163141-00163343 government lasted just over two years
XFbksSBCsMY-00685-00163344-00163653 voted back into power in 1980 the
XFbksSBCsMY-00686-00163654-00163848 Congress saw a change in leadership in
XFbksSBCsMY-00687-00163849-00164154 1984 when Indira Gandhi was assassinated
XFbksSBCsMY-00688-00164155-00164352 she was succeeded by her son Rajiv
XFbksSBCsMY-00689-00164353-00164547 Gandhi who won an easy victory in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00690-00164548-00164802 general elections later that year the
XFbksSBCsMY-00691-00164803-00165057 Congress was voted out again in 1989
XFbksSBCsMY-00692-00165058-00165264 when a National Front coalition led by
XFbksSBCsMY-00693-00165265-00165489 the newly formed Janata Dal in alliance
XFbksSBCsMY-00694-00165490-00165678 with the Left Front won the elections
XFbksSBCsMY-00695-00165679-00165861 that government too proved relatively
XFbksSBCsMY-00696-00165862-00166118 short-lived lasting just under two years
XFbksSBCsMY-00697-00166119-00166440 elections were held again in 1991 no
XFbksSBCsMY-00698-00166441-00166704 party won an absolute majority the
XFbksSBCsMY-00699-00166705-00166941 Congress as the largest single party was
XFbksSBCsMY-00700-00166942-00167130 able to form a minority government led
XFbksSBCsMY-00701-00167131-00167505 by PV Narasimha Rao a two-year period of
XFbksSBCsMY-00702-00167506-00167694 political turmoil followed the general
XFbksSBCsMY-00703-00167695-00168051 election of 1996 several short-lived
XFbksSBCsMY-00704-00168052-00168291 alliances shared power at the centre
XFbksSBCsMY-00705-00168292-00168545 the BJP formed a government briefly in
XFbksSBCsMY-00706-00168546-00168761 1996 it was followed by two
XFbksSBCsMY-00707-00168762-00169017 comparatively long-lasting United Front
XFbksSBCsMY-00708-00169018-00169227 coalition's which depended on external
XFbksSBCsMY-00709-00169228-00169638 support in 1998 the BJP was able to form
XFbksSBCsMY-00710-00169639-00169839 a successful coalition the National
XFbksSBCsMY-00711-00169840-00170181 Democratic Alliance NDA led by Adil
XFbksSBCsMY-00712-00170182-00170448 Bihari Vajpayee the NDA became the first
XFbksSBCsMY-00713-00170449-00170661 non Congress coalition government to
XFbksSBCsMY-00714-00170662-00170970 complete a five-year term in the 2004
XFbksSBCsMY-00715-00170971-00171222 Indian general elections again no party
XFbksSBCsMY-00716-00171223-00171393 won an absolute majority but the
XFbksSBCsMY-00717-00171394-00171579 Congress emerged as the largest single
XFbksSBCsMY-00718-00171580-00171753 party forming another successful
XFbksSBCsMY-00719-00171754-00171915 coalition the United Progressive
XFbksSBCsMY-00720-00171916-00172005 Alliance
XFbksSBCsMY-00721-00172006-00172263 oopah it had the support of left-leaning
XFbksSBCsMY-00722-00172264-00172626 parties and MPs who opposed the BJP the
XFbksSBCsMY-00723-00172627-00172860 oopah returned to power in the 2009
XFbksSBCsMY-00724-00172861-00173064 general election with increased numbers
XFbksSBCsMY-00725-00173065-00173256 and it no longer required external
XFbksSBCsMY-00726-00173257-00173445 support from India's communist parties
XFbksSBCsMY-00727-00173446-00173733 that year man Mohan Singh became the
XFbksSBCsMY-00728-00173734-00173937 first prime minister since Jawaharlal
XFbksSBCsMY-00729-00173938-00174294 Nehru in 1957 and 1962 to be re-elected
XFbksSBCsMY-00730-00174295-00174594 to a consecutive five-year term in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00731-00174595-00174918 2014 general election the BJP became the
XFbksSBCsMY-00732-00174919-00175194 first political party since 1984 to win
XFbksSBCsMY-00733-00175195-00175353 a majority and govern without the
XFbksSBCsMY-00734-00175354-00175617 support of other parties the incumbent
XFbksSBCsMY-00735-00175618-00175854 Indian Prime Minister is Narendra Modi a
XFbksSBCsMY-00736-00175855-00176157 former Chief Minister of Gujarat on the
XFbksSBCsMY-00737-00176158-00176478 20th of July 2017 Ram Nath Cove and was
XFbksSBCsMY-00738-00176479-00176706 elected India's 14th president and took
XFbksSBCsMY-00739-00176707-00176915 the oath of office on the 25th of July
XFbksSBCsMY-00740-00176916-00177501 2017
XFbksSBCsMY-00741-00177502-00177977 topic government
XFbksSBCsMY-00742-00177978-00178172 India is a Federation with a
XFbksSBCsMY-00743-00178173-00178361 parliamentary system governed under the
XFbksSBCsMY-00744-00178362-00178565 Constitution of India which serves as
XFbksSBCsMY-00745-00178566-00178775 the country's supreme legal document it
XFbksSBCsMY-00746-00178776-00179027 is a constitutional republic and
XFbksSBCsMY-00747-00179028-00179227 representative democracy in which
XFbksSBCsMY-00748-00179228-00179519 majority rule is tempered by minority
XFbksSBCsMY-00749-00179520-00179840 rights protected by law federalism in
XFbksSBCsMY-00750-00179841-00180026 India defines the power distribution
XFbksSBCsMY-00751-00180027-00180269 between the Union or central government
XFbksSBCsMY-00752-00180270-00180533 and the states the government abides by
XFbksSBCsMY-00753-00180534-00180791 constitutional checks and balances the
XFbksSBCsMY-00754-00180792-00180998 Constitution of India which came into
XFbksSBCsMY-00755-00180999-00181304 effect on the 26th of January 1950
XFbksSBCsMY-00756-00181305-00181505 states in its preamble that India is a
XFbksSBCsMY-00757-00181506-00181760 sovereign socialist secular Democratic
XFbksSBCsMY-00758-00181761-00181832 Republic
XFbksSBCsMY-00759-00181833-00182099 India's form of government traditionally
XFbksSBCsMY-00760-00182100-00182426 described as quasi federal with a strong
XFbksSBCsMY-00761-00182427-00182606 Centre in weak states has grown
XFbksSBCsMY-00762-00182607-00182786 increasingly federal since the late
XFbksSBCsMY-00763-00182787-00183038 1990s as a result of political economic
XFbksSBCsMY-00764-00183039-00183374 and social changes the Government of
XFbksSBCsMY-00765-00183375-00183734 India comprises three branches executive
XFbksSBCsMY-00766-00183735-00183956 the President of India as the ceremonial
XFbksSBCsMY-00767-00183957-00184121 head of state who is elected indirectly
XFbksSBCsMY-00768-00184122-00184340 for a five-year term by an electoral
XFbksSBCsMY-00769-00184341-00184553 college comprising members of national
XFbksSBCsMY-00770-00184554-00184799 and state legislatures the Prime
XFbksSBCsMY-00771-00184800-00184952 Minister of India is the head of
XFbksSBCsMY-00772-00184953-00185192 government and exercises most executive
XFbksSBCsMY-00773-00185193-00185459 power appointed by the president the
XFbksSBCsMY-00774-00185460-00185603 Prime Minister is by convention
XFbksSBCsMY-00775-00185604-00185804 supported by the party or political
XFbksSBCsMY-00776-00185805-00186008 alliance having a majority of seats in
XFbksSBCsMY-00777-00186009-00186224 the lower house of parliament the
XFbksSBCsMY-00778-00186225-00186361 executive of the Indian government
XFbksSBCsMY-00779-00186362-00186569 consists of the president the vice
XFbksSBCsMY-00780-00186570-00186749 president and the Union Council of
XFbksSBCsMY-00781-00186750-00186968 Ministers with the cabinet being its
XFbksSBCsMY-00782-00186969-00187199 executive committee headed by the prime
XFbksSBCsMY-00783-00187200-00187448 minister any minister holding a
XFbksSBCsMY-00784-00187449-00187655 portfolio must be a member of one of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00785-00187656-00187892 houses of parliament in the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00786-00187893-00188105 parliamentary system the executive is
XFbksSBCsMY-00787-00188106-00188309 subordinate to the legislature the Prime
XFbksSBCsMY-00788-00188310-00188486 Minister and his or her Council are
XFbksSBCsMY-00789-00188487-00188681 directly responsible to the lower house
XFbksSBCsMY-00790-00188682-00188945 of the parliament the civil servants act
XFbksSBCsMY-00791-00188946-00189116 as permanent executives and all
XFbksSBCsMY-00792-00189117-00189275 decisions of the executive are
XFbksSBCsMY-00793-00189276-00189569 implemented by them legislature the
XFbksSBCsMY-00794-00189570-00189785 legislature of India as the bicameral
XFbksSBCsMY-00795-00189786-00190001 parliament operating under a Westminster
XFbksSBCsMY-00796-00190002-00190244 styled parliamentary system it comprises
XFbksSBCsMY-00797-00190245-00190442 an upper house called the Rajah Sabha
XFbksSBCsMY-00798-00190443-00190640 Council of states and a lower house
XFbksSBCsMY-00799-00190641-00190853 called the Lok Sabha House of the people
XFbksSBCsMY-00800-00190854-00191153 the Raja Sabha is a permanent body that
XFbksSBCsMY-00801-00191154-00191362 has 245 members serve
XFbksSBCsMY-00802-00191363-00191635 staggered six-year terms most are
XFbksSBCsMY-00803-00191636-00191815 elected indirectly by the state and
XFbksSBCsMY-00804-00191816-00192013 union territorial legislatures in
XFbksSBCsMY-00805-00192014-00192178 numbers proportional to their states
XFbksSBCsMY-00806-00192179-00192466 share of the national population all but
XFbksSBCsMY-00807-00192467-00192769 two of the Lok Sabhas 545 members are
XFbksSBCsMY-00808-00192770-00192982 directly elected by popular vote they
XFbksSBCsMY-00809-00192983-00193186 represent individual constituencies for
XFbksSBCsMY-00810-00193187-00193456 five-year terms the remaining two
XFbksSBCsMY-00811-00193457-00193648 members are nominated by the president
XFbksSBCsMY-00812-00193649-00193856 from among the anglo-indian community in
XFbksSBCsMY-00813-00193857-00194056 case the president decides that they are
XFbksSBCsMY-00814-00194057-00194377 not adequately represented judiciary
XFbksSBCsMY-00815-00194378-00194594 India has a three-tier unitary
XFbksSBCsMY-00816-00194595-00194809 independent judiciary comprising the
XFbksSBCsMY-00817-00194810-00194977 Supreme Court headed by the Chief
XFbksSBCsMY-00818-00194978-00195244 Justice of India 24 high courts and a
XFbksSBCsMY-00819-00195245-00195532 large number of trial courts the Supreme
XFbksSBCsMY-00820-00195533-00195724 Court has original jurisdiction over
XFbksSBCsMY-00821-00195725-00195946 cases involving fundamental rights and
XFbksSBCsMY-00822-00195947-00196129 over disputes between states in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00823-00196130-00196268 center it has appellate jurisdiction
XFbksSBCsMY-00824-00196269-00196594 over the high courts it has the power to
XFbksSBCsMY-00825-00196595-00196789 both strike down Union or state laws
XFbksSBCsMY-00826-00196790-00196987 which contravene the Constitution and
XFbksSBCsMY-00827-00196988-00197173 invalidate any government action it
XFbksSBCsMY-00828-00197174-00197785 deems unconstitutional
XFbksSBCsMY-00829-00197786-00198306 topic subdivisions
XFbksSBCsMY-00830-00198307-00198606 India is a federal union comprising 29
XFbksSBCsMY-00831-00198607-00198888 states and 7 union territories all
XFbksSBCsMY-00832-00198889-00199113 states as well in addition to the union
XFbksSBCsMY-00833-00199114-00199293 territories of Puducherry and the
XFbksSBCsMY-00834-00199294-00199530 National Capital Territory of Delhi have
XFbksSBCsMY-00835-00199531-00199725 elected legislators and governments
XFbksSBCsMY-00836-00199726-00199908 following on the Westminster system of
XFbksSBCsMY-00837-00199909-00200160 governance the remaining 5 union
XFbksSBCsMY-00838-00200161-00200346 territories are directly ruled by the
XFbksSBCsMY-00839-00200347-00200529 center through appointed administrators
XFbksSBCsMY-00840-00200530-00200919 in 1956 under the state's reorganisation
XFbksSBCsMY-00841-00200920-00201099 act states were reorganized on a
XFbksSBCsMY-00842-00201100-00201372 linguistic basis since then their
XFbksSBCsMY-00843-00201373-00201585 structure has remained largely unchanged
XFbksSBCsMY-00844-00201586-00201846 each state or Union Territory is further
XFbksSBCsMY-00845-00201847-00202047 divided into administrative districts
XFbksSBCsMY-00846-00202048-00202278 the districts are further divided into
XFbksSBCsMY-00847-00202279-00202951 tehsils and ultimately into villages
XFbksSBCsMY-00848-00202952-00203256 topic foreign economic and strategic
XFbksSBCsMY-00849-00203257-00203979 relations since its independence in 1947
XFbksSBCsMY-00850-00203980-00204214 India has maintained cordial relations
XFbksSBCsMY-00851-00204215-00204526 with most nations in the 1950s it
XFbksSBCsMY-00852-00204527-00204745 strongly supported decolonization in
XFbksSBCsMY-00853-00204746-00204931 Africa and Asia and played a lead role
XFbksSBCsMY-00854-00204932-00205210 in the non-aligned movement in the late
XFbksSBCsMY-00855-00205211-00205453 1980s the Indian military twice
XFbksSBCsMY-00856-00205454-00205651 intervened abroad at the invitation of
XFbksSBCsMY-00857-00205652-00205834 neighboring countries a peacekeeping
XFbksSBCsMY-00858-00205835-00206148 operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and
XFbksSBCsMY-00859-00206150-00206371 1990 and an armed intervention to
XFbksSBCsMY-00860-00206371-00206629 prevent a 1988 coup d'état attempt in
XFbksSBCsMY-00861-00206630-00206704 the Maldives
XFbksSBCsMY-00862-00206705-00206935 India has tense relations with
XFbksSBCsMY-00863-00206936-00207114 neighboring Pakistan the two nations
XFbksSBCsMY-00864-00207115-00207582 have gone to war four times in 1947 1965
XFbksSBCsMY-00865-00207583-00207982 1971 and 1999 three of these wars were
XFbksSBCsMY-00866-00207983-00208185 fought over the disputed territory of
XFbksSBCsMY-00867-00208186-00208459 Kashmir while the fourth the 1971 war
XFbksSBCsMY-00868-00208460-00208633 followed from India's support for the
XFbksSBCsMY-00869-00208634-00208917 independence of Bangladesh after waging
XFbksSBCsMY-00870-00208919-00209319 the 1962 sino-indian war in the 1965 war
XFbksSBCsMY-00871-00209321-00209538 with Pakistan India pursued close
XFbksSBCsMY-00872-00209539-00209755 military and economic ties with the
XFbksSBCsMY-00873-00209756-00210021 Soviet Union by the late 1960s the
XFbksSBCsMY-00874-00210023-00210210 Soviet Union was its largest arms
XFbksSBCsMY-00875-00210211-00210433 supplier aside from ongoing special
XFbksSBCsMY-00876-00210434-00210616 relationship with Russia India has
XFbksSBCsMY-00877-00210617-00210798 wide-ranging defense relations with
XFbksSBCsMY-00878-00210800-00211102 Israel and France in recent years it has
XFbksSBCsMY-00879-00211103-00211303 played key roles in the South Asian
XFbksSBCsMY-00880-00211304-00211540 Association for regional cooperation in
XFbksSBCsMY-00881-00211541-00211807 the World Trade Organization the nation
XFbksSBCsMY-00882-00211808-00212017 has provided one oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh
XFbksSBCsMY-00883-00212017-00212259 military and police personnel to serve
XFbksSBCsMY-00884-00212260-00212535 in 35 UN peacekeeping operations across
XFbksSBCsMY-00885-00212536-00212817 four continents it participates in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00886-00212819-00213073 East Asia Summit the g8 plus five and
XFbksSBCsMY-00887-00213073-00213355 other multilateral forums India has
XFbksSBCsMY-00888-00213356-00213556 close economic ties with South America
XFbksSBCsMY-00889-00213557-00213921 Asia and Africa it pursues a look East
XFbksSBCsMY-00890-00213921-00214105 policy that seeks to strengthen
XFbksSBCsMY-00891-00214106-00214296 partnerships with the Aegean nations
XFbksSBCsMY-00892-00214298-00214528 Japan and South Korea that revolve
XFbksSBCsMY-00893-00214529-00214741 around many issues but especially those
XFbksSBCsMY-00894-00214742-00214935 involving economic investment and
XFbksSBCsMY-00895-00214936-00215263 regional security China's nuclear test
XFbksSBCsMY-00896-00215264-00215551 of 1964 as well as its repeated threats
XFbksSBCsMY-00897-00215552-00215769 to intervene in support of Pakistan in
XFbksSBCsMY-00898-00215771-00216076 the 1965 war convinced India to develop
XFbksSBCsMY-00899-00216077-00216227 nuclear weapons
XFbksSBCsMY-00900-00216228-00216413 India conducted its first nuclear
XFbksSBCsMY-00901-00216414-00216713 weapons test in 1974 and carried out
XFbksSBCsMY-00902-00216714-00216976 further underground testing in 1998
XFbksSBCsMY-00903-00216977-00217238 despite criticism and military sanctions
XFbksSBCsMY-00904-00217239-00217421 India has signed neither the
XFbksSBCsMY-00905-00217421-00217631 comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty
XFbksSBCsMY-00906-00217632-00217828 nor the nuclear non-proliferation treaty
XFbksSBCsMY-00907-00217829-00218033 considering both to be flawed and
XFbksSBCsMY-00908-00218034-00218351 discriminatory India maintains a no
XFbksSBCsMY-00909-00218352-00218633 first use nuclear policy and is
XFbksSBCsMY-00910-00218634-00218873 developing a nuclear triad capability as
XFbksSBCsMY-00911-00218873-00219080 a part of its minimum credible
XFbksSBCsMY-00912-00219081-00219373 deterrence doctrine it is developing a
XFbksSBCsMY-00913-00219375-00219578 ballistic missile defense shield in in
XFbksSBCsMY-00914-00219579-00219731 collaboration with Russia a
XFbksSBCsMY-00915-00219732-00219980 fifth-generation fighter jet other
XFbksSBCsMY-00916-00219981-00220238 indigenous military projects involve the
XFbksSBCsMY-00917-00220239-00220430 design and implementation of Vikrant
XFbksSBCsMY-00918-00220431-00220664 class aircraft carriers an arahant class
XFbksSBCsMY-00919-00220665-00220873 nuclear submarines since the end of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00920-00220875-00220952 Cold War
XFbksSBCsMY-00921-00220953-00221126 India has increased its economic
XFbksSBCsMY-00922-00221127-00221375 strategic and military cooperation with
XFbksSBCsMY-00923-00221376-00221546 the United States and the European Union
XFbksSBCsMY-00924-00221546-00221942 in 2008 a civilian nuclear agreement was
XFbksSBCsMY-00925-00221942-00222077 signed between India and the United
XFbksSBCsMY-00926-00222078-00222373 States although India possessed nuclear
XFbksSBCsMY-00927-00222375-00222602 weapons at the time and was not party to
XFbksSBCsMY-00928-00222603-00222821 the nuclear non-proliferation treaty it
XFbksSBCsMY-00929-00222821-00223013 received waivers from the International
XFbksSBCsMY-00930-00223014-00223235 Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear
XFbksSBCsMY-00931-00223236-00223403 Suppliers group ending earlier
XFbksSBCsMY-00932-00223404-00223546 restrictions on India's nuclear
XFbksSBCsMY-00933-00223548-00223871 technology and commerce as a consequence
XFbksSBCsMY-00934-00223871-00224119 India became the sixth de facto nuclear
XFbksSBCsMY-00935-00224121-00224417 weapons state India subsequently signed
XFbksSBCsMY-00936-00224417-00224609 cooperation agreements involving
XFbksSBCsMY-00937-00224610-00224794 civilian nuclear energy with Russia
XFbksSBCsMY-00938-00224796-00225152 France the United Kingdom and Canada the
XFbksSBCsMY-00939-00225153-00225329 president of India as the supreme
XFbksSBCsMY-00940-00225330-00225533 commander of the nation's armed forces
XFbksSBCsMY-00941-00225534-00225821 with thirteen point nine five lakh 1.39
XFbksSBCsMY-00942-00225821-00226076 five million active troops they composed
XFbksSBCsMY-00943-00226077-00226342 the world's second largest military it
XFbksSBCsMY-00944-00226344-00226565 comprises the Indian Army the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00945-00226566-00226790 Navy the Indian Air Force and the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00946-00226791-00227060 Coast Guard the official Indian defence
XFbksSBCsMY-00947-00227061-00227390 budget for 2011 was 36 point zero three
XFbksSBCsMY-00948-00227391-00227861 billion dollars or 1.8 3% of GDP for the
XFbksSBCsMY-00949-00227862-00228173 fiscal year spending 2012-2013 forty
XFbksSBCsMY-00950-00228173-00228353 point four four billion dollars was
XFbksSBCsMY-00951-00228354-00228683 budgeted according to a 2008 SIPRI
XFbksSBCsMY-00952-00228684-00228883 report India's annual military
XFbksSBCsMY-00953-00228884-00229100 expenditure in terms of purchasing power
XFbksSBCsMY-00954-00229101-00229355 stood at 72 point seven billion dollars
XFbksSBCsMY-00955-00229356-00229619 in 2011 the
XFbksSBCsMY-00956-00229619-00229889 you'll defense budget increased by 11.6
XFbksSBCsMY-00957-00229890-00230063 percent although this does not include
XFbksSBCsMY-00958-00230064-00230237 funds that reach the military through
XFbksSBCsMY-00959-00230238-00230521 other branches of government as of 2012
XFbksSBCsMY-00960-00230523-00230744 India is the world's largest arms
XFbksSBCsMY-00961-00230744-00231053 importer between 2007 and 2011 it
XFbksSBCsMY-00962-00231054-00231275 accounted for 10% of funds spent on
XFbksSBCsMY-00963-00231276-00231566 international arms purchases much of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00964-00231567-00231773 military expenditure was focused on
XFbksSBCsMY-00965-00231773-00231982 defense against Pakistan encountering
XFbksSBCsMY-00966-00231983-00232187 growing Chinese influence in the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-00967-00232188-00232517 Ocean in May 2017 the Indian Space
XFbksSBCsMY-00968-00232517-00232730 Research Organisation launched the South
XFbksSBCsMY-00969-00232731-00232955 Asia satellite a gift from India to its
XFbksSBCsMY-00970-00232956-00233296 neighbouring SAARC countries in October
XFbksSBCsMY-00971-00233298-00233560 2018 India signed a five point four
XFbksSBCsMY-00972-00233561-00233809 three billion dollars over 40,000 crore
XFbksSBCsMY-00973-00233810-00234031 rupees agreement with Russia to procure
XFbksSBCsMY-00974-00234032-00234319 for s400 3mf surface-to-air missile
XFbksSBCsMY-00975-00234321-00234542 defense systems Russia's most advanced
XFbksSBCsMY-00976-00234542-00235223 long-range missile defense system
XFbksSBCsMY-00977-00235223-00235738 topic economy
XFbksSBCsMY-00978-00235739-00235971 according to the International Monetary
XFbksSBCsMY-00979-00235973-00236332 Fund IMF the Indian economy in 2017 was
XFbksSBCsMY-00980-00236333-00236527 nominally worth two point six one one
XFbksSBCsMY-00981-00236528-00236755 trillion dollars it is the sixth largest
XFbksSBCsMY-00982-00236756-00237016 economy by market exchange rates and is
XFbksSBCsMY-00983-00237017-00237223 at nine point four five nine trillion
XFbksSBCsMY-00984-00237223-00237451 dollars the third-largest by purchasing
XFbksSBCsMY-00985-00237452-00237775 power parity or PPP with its average
XFbksSBCsMY-00986-00237776-00238030 annual GDP growth rate of five point
XFbksSBCsMY-00987-00238031-00238204 eight percent over the past two decades
XFbksSBCsMY-00988-00238205-00238402 and reaching six point one percent
XFbksSBCsMY-00989-00238403-00238671 during 2011-12 India is one of the
XFbksSBCsMY-00990-00238673-00238875 world's fastest growing economies
XFbksSBCsMY-00991-00238876-00239206 however the country ranks 140th in the
XFbksSBCsMY-00992-00239207-00239560 world in nominal GDP per capita in 129th
XFbksSBCsMY-00993-00239561-00240028 in GDP per capita at PPP until 1991 all
XFbksSBCsMY-00994-00240029-00240175 Indian governments followed
XFbksSBCsMY-00995-00240176-00240340 protectionist policies that were
XFbksSBCsMY-00996-00240341-00240576 influenced by socialist economics
XFbksSBCsMY-00997-00240577-00240798 widespread state intervention and
XFbksSBCsMY-00998-00240800-00241017 regulation largely while the economy off
XFbksSBCsMY-00999-00241019-00241146 from the outside world
XFbksSBCsMY-01000-00241148-00241432 an acute balance of payments crisis in
XFbksSBCsMY-01001-00241433-00241684 1991 forced the nation to liberalize its
XFbksSBCsMY-01002-00241685-00241917 economy since then it has slowly moved
XFbksSBCsMY-01003-00241919-00242089 towards a free market system by
XFbksSBCsMY-01004-00242090-00242271 emphasizing both foreign trade and
XFbksSBCsMY-01005-00242273-00242578 direct investment inflows India has been
XFbksSBCsMY-01006-00242579-00242713 a member of WTO
XFbksSBCsMY-01007-00242714-00243051 since the first of January 1995 the 50
XFbksSBCsMY-01008-00243052-00243403 1.37 crore 513 point seven million
XFbksSBCsMY-01009-00243404-00243640 worker indian labor force as the world's
XFbksSBCsMY-01010-00243641-00243979 second largest as of 2016 the service
XFbksSBCsMY-01011-00243980-00244183 sector makes up fifty five point six
XFbksSBCsMY-01012-00244184-00244453 percent of GDP the industrial sector
XFbksSBCsMY-01013-00244454-00244644 twenty six point three percent and the
XFbksSBCsMY-01014-00244646-00245008 agricultural sector 18.1% India's
XFbksSBCsMY-01015-00245009-00245233 foreign exchange remittances of 70
XFbksSBCsMY-01016-00245234-00245506 billion dollars in 2014 the largest in
XFbksSBCsMY-01017-00245507-00245721 the world contributed to its economy by
XFbksSBCsMY-01018-00245723-00246058 2.5 crore 25 million Indians working in
XFbksSBCsMY-01019-00246059-00246340 foreign countries major agricultural
XFbksSBCsMY-01020-00246341-00246565 products include rice wheat oil seed
XFbksSBCsMY-01021-00246566-00246885 cotton jute tea sugarcane and potatoes
XFbksSBCsMY-01022-00246886-00247191 major industries include textiles
XFbksSBCsMY-01023-00247192-00247366 telecommunications chemicals
XFbksSBCsMY-01024-00247367-00247636 pharmaceuticals biotechnology food
XFbksSBCsMY-01025-00247637-00247873 processing steel transport equipment
XFbksSBCsMY-01026-00247873-00248169 cement mining petroleum machinery and
XFbksSBCsMY-01027-00248171-00248551 software in 2006 the share of external
XFbksSBCsMY-01028-00248552-00248878 trade in India's GDP stood at 24% up
XFbksSBCsMY-01029-00248879-00249121 from 6% in 1985
XFbksSBCsMY-01030-00249121-00249448 in 2008 India's share of world trade was
XFbksSBCsMY-01031-00249448-00249769 1.68 percent in 2011 India was the
XFbksSBCsMY-01032-00249769-00249969 world's 10th largest importer in the
XFbksSBCsMY-01033-00249971-00250296 19th largest exporter major exports
XFbksSBCsMY-01034-00250298-00250542 include petroleum products textile goods
XFbksSBCsMY-01035-00250544-00250804 jewelry software engineering goods
XFbksSBCsMY-01036-00250805-00251021 chemicals and leather manufacturers
XFbksSBCsMY-01037-00251023-00251287 major imports include crude oil
XFbksSBCsMY-01038-00251288-00251625 machinery gems fertilizer and chemicals
XFbksSBCsMY-01039-00251626-00252001 between 2001 and 2011 the contribution
XFbksSBCsMY-01040-00252002-00252196 of petrochemical and Engineering Goods
XFbksSBCsMY-01041-00252196-00252569 to total exports grew from 14% to 42%
XFbksSBCsMY-01042-00252571-00252844 India was the second largest textile
XFbksSBCsMY-01043-00252844-00253051 exporter after China in the world in the
XFbksSBCsMY-01044-00253052-00253431 calendar year 2013 averaging an economic
XFbksSBCsMY-01045-00253432-00253731 growth rate of 7.5% for several years
XFbksSBCsMY-01046-00253732-00253983 prior to 2007 India has more than
XFbksSBCsMY-01047-00253984-00254176 doubled its hourly wage rates during the
XFbksSBCsMY-01048-00254177-00254554 first decade of the 21st century some 43
XFbksSBCsMY-01049-00254555-00254878 point 1 crore 431 million Indians have
XFbksSBCsMY-01050-00254879-00255169 left poverty since 1985 India's middle
XFbksSBCsMY-01051-00255169-00255357 classes are projected to number around
XFbksSBCsMY-01052-00255358-00255810 58 crore 580 million by 2030 the ranking
XFbksSBCsMY-01053-00255811-00256063 51st in Global Competitiveness India
XFbksSBCsMY-01054-00256064-00256276 ranks 17th in financial market
XFbksSBCsMY-01055-00256277-00256501 sophistication 24th in the banking
XFbksSBCsMY-01056-00256502-00256762 sector 44th in business sophistication
XFbksSBCsMY-01057-00256763-00256998 and 39th and innovation ahead of several
XFbksSBCsMY-01058-00257000-00257344 advanced economies as of 2010 with seven
XFbksSBCsMY-01059-00257344-00257563 of the world's top 15 information
XFbksSBCsMY-01060-00257564-00257773 technology outsourcing companies based
XFbksSBCsMY-01061-00257773-00257971 in India the country is viewed as the
XFbksSBCsMY-01062-00257971-00258151 second most favorable outsourcing
XFbksSBCsMY-01063-00258152-00258357 destination after the United States as
XFbksSBCsMY-01064-00258358-00258703 of 2009 in vias consumer market the
XFbksSBCsMY-01065-00258704-00258921 world's 11th largest is expected to
XFbksSBCsMY-01066-00258923-00259130 become fifth largest by 2030
XFbksSBCsMY-01067-00259131-00259441 however hardly 2 percent of Indians pay
XFbksSBCsMY-01068-00259442-00259678 income taxes driven by growth India's
XFbksSBCsMY-01069-00259679-00259921 nominal GDP per capita has steadily
XFbksSBCsMY-01070-00259921-00260319 increased from $329 in 1991 when
XFbksSBCsMY-01071-00260321-00260713 economic liberalisation began to 1265
XFbksSBCsMY-01072-00260714-00261132 dollars in 2010 to an estimated 1723
XFbksSBCsMY-01073-00261133-00261423 dollars in 2016 and is expected to grow
XFbksSBCsMY-01074-00261425-00261867 to 2358 dollars by 2020 however it has
XFbksSBCsMY-01075-00261869-00262035 remained lower than those of other Asian
XFbksSBCsMY-01076-00262036-00262225 developing countries such as Indonesia
XFbksSBCsMY-01077-00262226-00262468 Malaysia Philippines Sri
XFbksSBCsMY-01078-00262469-00262669 ANCA and Thailand and is expected to
XFbksSBCsMY-01079-00262670-00262959 remain so in the near future however it
XFbksSBCsMY-01080-00262960-00263137 is higher than that of most neighboring
XFbksSBCsMY-01081-00263138-00263326 South Asian countries such as Pakistan
XFbksSBCsMY-01082-00263327-00263607 Nepal Afghanistan and Bangladesh
XFbksSBCsMY-01083-00263608-00263796 according to a 2011
XFbksSBCsMY-01084-00263797-00264043 PricewaterhouseCoopers PwC report
XFbksSBCsMY-01085-00264044-00264316 India's GDP at purchasing power parity
XFbksSBCsMY-01086-00264317-00264499 could overtake that of the United States
XFbksSBCsMY-01087-00264500-00264810 by 2045 during the next four decades
XFbksSBCsMY-01088-00264811-00265093 Indian GDP is expected to grow at an
XFbksSBCsMY-01089-00265094-00265254 annualized average of eight percent
XFbksSBCsMY-01090-00265255-00265452 making it potentially the world's
XFbksSBCsMY-01091-00265453-00265726 fastest growing major economy until 2050
XFbksSBCsMY-01092-00265727-00266007 the report highlights key growth factors
XFbksSBCsMY-01093-00266008-00266229 a young and rapidly growing working age
XFbksSBCsMY-01094-00266230-00266389 population growth in the manufacturing
XFbksSBCsMY-01095-00266390-00266677 sector because of rising education and
XFbksSBCsMY-01096-00266678-00266875 engineering skill levels and sustained
XFbksSBCsMY-01097-00266876-00267078 growth of the consumer market driven by
XFbksSBCsMY-01098-00267079-00267357 a rapidly growing middle class the World
XFbksSBCsMY-01099-00267358-00267571 Bank cautions that for India to achieve
XFbksSBCsMY-01100-00267572-00267790 its economic potential it must continue
XFbksSBCsMY-01101-00267791-00267984 to focus on public sector reform
XFbksSBCsMY-01102-00267985-00268222 transport infrastructure agricultural
XFbksSBCsMY-01103-00268223-00268431 and rural development removal of labor
XFbksSBCsMY-01104-00268432-00268710 regulations education energy security
XFbksSBCsMY-01105-00268711-00268876 and public health and nutrition
XFbksSBCsMY-01106-00268877-00269055 according to the worldwide cost of
XFbksSBCsMY-01107-00269056-00269283 living report 2017 released by The
XFbksSBCsMY-01108-00269284-00269559 Economist Intelligence Unit EW
XFbksSBCsMY-01109-00269560-00269754 which was created by comparing more than
XFbksSBCsMY-01110-00269755-00270078 400 individual prices across 160
XFbksSBCsMY-01111-00270079-00270262 products and services four of the
XFbksSBCsMY-01112-00270263-00270451 cheapest cities were in India Bangalore
XFbksSBCsMY-01113-00270452-00270766 third Mumbai fifth Chennai fifth and New
XFbksSBCsMY-01114-00270767-00271201 Delhi eighth topic industries India is a
XFbksSBCsMY-01115-00271202-00271377 global hub for information technology
XFbksSBCsMY-01116-00271378-00271714 and business process management in 2017
XFbksSBCsMY-01117-00271715-00271951 the sector supported about 40 lakh 4
XFbksSBCsMY-01118-00271952-00272181 million high skilled jobs and generated
XFbksSBCsMY-01119-00272182-00272467 more than 160 billion dollars in revenue
XFbksSBCsMY-01120-00272468-00272802 or 7.7 percent of India's GDP with
XFbksSBCsMY-01121-00272803-00273045 exports amounting to 99 billion dollars
XFbksSBCsMY-01122-00273046-00273276 with more than 1 billion subscribers
XFbksSBCsMY-01123-00273277-00273552 India's telecommunication industry as
XFbksSBCsMY-01124-00273553-00273777 the world's second largest as of 2015
XFbksSBCsMY-01125-00273778-00274107 the industry contributed 6.5 percent of
XFbksSBCsMY-01126-00274108-00274369 India's GDP and employed more than 40
XFbksSBCsMY-01127-00274370-00274581 lakh 4 million people India has the
XFbksSBCsMY-01128-00274582-00274762 world's fourth largest oil refinery
XFbksSBCsMY-01129-00274763-00275010 capacity the Jamnagar refinery in
XFbksSBCsMY-01130-00275011-00275208 Gujarat is the largest oil refining
XFbksSBCsMY-01131-00275209-00275343 complex in the world
XFbksSBCsMY-01132-00275344-00275658 despite importing more than 70% of its
XFbksSBCsMY-01133-00275659-00275800 crude oil demand in
XFbksSBCsMY-01134-00275801-00276007 is one of the world's top ten exporters
XFbksSBCsMY-01135-00276008-00276232 of refined petroleum products amounting
XFbksSBCsMY-01136-00276233-00276433 to about twenty six billion dollars in
XFbksSBCsMY-01137-00276434-00276541 2017
XFbksSBCsMY-01138-00276542-00276753 India has the world's third largest
XFbksSBCsMY-01139-00276754-00277072 construction industry as of 2018 India's
XFbksSBCsMY-01140-00277073-00277345 construction sector supported about 4.5
XFbksSBCsMY-01141-00277346-00277627 crore 45 million jobs making it the
XFbksSBCsMY-01142-00277628-00277813 country's second largest employer after
XFbksSBCsMY-01143-00277814-00278059 agriculture the metals and mining
XFbksSBCsMY-01144-00278060-00278272 industry of India is one of the world's
XFbksSBCsMY-01145-00278273-00278437 largest it is the world's third largest
XFbksSBCsMY-01146-00278438-00278692 coal miner and fourth largest iron ore
XFbksSBCsMY-01147-00278693-00278977 producer India's massive infrastructure
XFbksSBCsMY-01148-00278978-00279184 development plans has made the country
XFbksSBCsMY-01149-00279185-00279373 the world's third largest steel and
XFbksSBCsMY-01150-00279374-00279667 cement manufacturer in 2017 more than
XFbksSBCsMY-01151-00279668-00279979 2.9 crore 29 million motor vehicles were
XFbksSBCsMY-01152-00279980-00280162 manufactured in India making the
XFbksSBCsMY-01153-00280163-00280321 country's automotive industry the
XFbksSBCsMY-01154-00280322-00280618 world's fifth largest India's textile
XFbksSBCsMY-01155-00280619-00280816 and apparel industry accounts for five
XFbksSBCsMY-01156-00280817-00281050 percent of the country's GDP and more
XFbksSBCsMY-01157-00281051-00281356 than 13 percent of its exports India's
XFbksSBCsMY-01158-00281357-00281581 gems and jewelry industry as the world's
XFbksSBCsMY-01159-00281582-00281758 largest with annual revenues in excess
XFbksSBCsMY-01160-00281759-00282109 of 75 billion dollars seventy five
XFbksSBCsMY-01161-00282110-00282307 percent of the world's diamonds are cut
XFbksSBCsMY-01162-00282308-00282520 or polished in India and overall net
XFbksSBCsMY-01163-00282521-00282736 exports of gems and jewellery stood at
XFbksSBCsMY-01164-00282737-00282919 more than thirty 1 billion dollars in
XFbksSBCsMY-01165-00282920-00283219 2018 India's pharmaceutical industry is
XFbksSBCsMY-01166-00283220-00283408 among the world's largest the country
XFbksSBCsMY-01167-00283409-00283636 supplies more than 20% of the world's
XFbksSBCsMY-01168-00283637-00283924 generic drugs by volume and in 2017
XFbksSBCsMY-01169-00283925-00284188 India's generic drug exports totaled 17
XFbksSBCsMY-01170-00284189-00284422 point three billion dollars the
XFbksSBCsMY-01171-00284423-00284611 healthcare services industry is growing
XFbksSBCsMY-01172-00284612-00284857 by more than 16 percent annually and
XFbksSBCsMY-01173-00284858-00285136 projected to cross 370 billion dollars
XFbksSBCsMY-01174-00285137-00285484 by 2020 to the medical tourism sector
XFbksSBCsMY-01175-00285485-00285718 generated six billion dollars in revenue
XFbksSBCsMY-01176-00285719-00286108 in 2018 India's R&D spending constitutes
XFbksSBCsMY-01177-00286109-00286365 60% of the biopharmaceutical industry
XFbksSBCsMY-01178-00286366-00286663 the indian biotech industry grew by
XFbksSBCsMY-01179-00286664-00286929 fifteen point one percent in 2012-13
XFbksSBCsMY-01180-00286930-00287155 increasing its revenues from twenty
XFbksSBCsMY-01181-00287156-00287365 thousand four hundred forty crore rupees
XFbksSBCsMY-01182-00287366-00287551 two hundred four point four billion
XFbksSBCsMY-01183-00287552-00287788 rupees Indian rupees to twenty three
XFbksSBCsMY-01184-00287789-00288004 thousand five hundred twenty four crore
XFbksSBCsMY-01185-00288005-00288220 rupees two hundred thirty five point two
XFbksSBCsMY-01186-00288221-00288439 four billion rupees three point nine
XFbksSBCsMY-01187-00288440-00288673 four billion dollars exchange rate June
XFbksSBCsMY-01188-00288674-00288760 2013
XFbksSBCsMY-01189-00288761-00289193 one dollar approximately sixty rupees
XFbksSBCsMY-01190-00289194-00289518 you
XFbksSBCsMY-01191-00289519-00290208 topic socio-economic challenges since
XFbksSBCsMY-01192-00290209-00290505 2004 India has successfully lifted more
XFbksSBCsMY-01193-00290506-00290823 35 crore 350 million people out of
XFbksSBCsMY-01194-00290824-00291012 extreme poverty in the percentage of
XFbksSBCsMY-01195-00291013-00291219 population living below international
XFbksSBCsMY-01196-00291220-00291501 poverty line is expected to fall to 0.1
XFbksSBCsMY-01197-00291502-00291896 percent by 2030 from 4.6 percent in 2018
XFbksSBCsMY-01198-00291897-00292164 however despite the massive strides made
XFbksSBCsMY-01199-00292165-00292389 by India in poverty elimination the
XFbksSBCsMY-01200-00292390-00292542 country still faces daunting
XFbksSBCsMY-01201-00292543-00292845 socio-economic challenges as per
XFbksSBCsMY-01202-00292846-00293190 Brookings Institution 2018 report 6.3
XFbksSBCsMY-01203-00293191-00293469 crore 63 million people in India live
XFbksSBCsMY-01204-00293470-00293772 below international poverty line of 137
XFbksSBCsMY-01205-00293773-00293991 rupees per day one dollar and ninety
XFbksSBCsMY-01206-00293992-00294222 cents per day second-highest in the
XFbksSBCsMY-01207-00294223-00294564 world after Nigeria as per 2014 global
XFbksSBCsMY-01208-00294565-00294681 hunger index
XFbksSBCsMY-01209-00294682-00294924 30 point 7 percent of India's children
XFbksSBCsMY-01210-00294925-00295125 under the age of 5 or underweight while
XFbksSBCsMY-01211-00295126-00295272 is preferred in agriculture
XFbksSBCsMY-01212-00295273-00295587 organisations 2015 report 15 percent of
XFbksSBCsMY-01213-00295588-00295769 the entire population is undernourished
XFbksSBCsMY-01214-00295770-00296043 the government of India has multiple
XFbksSBCsMY-01215-00296044-00296247 ongoing schemes to eliminate hunger in
XFbksSBCsMY-01216-00296248-00296457 the country the mid-day Meal Scheme
XFbksSBCsMY-01217-00296458-00296658 being one of them according to a walk
XFbksSBCsMY-01218-00296659-00296931 free foundation report in 2016 there
XFbksSBCsMY-01219-00296932-00297123 were an estimated one point eight three
XFbksSBCsMY-01220-00297124-00297303 crore eighteen point three million
XFbksSBCsMY-01221-00297304-00297600 people in India or 1.4 percent of the
XFbksSBCsMY-01222-00297601-00297810 population living in the forms of modern
XFbksSBCsMY-01223-00297811-00298035 slavery such as bonded labour child
XFbksSBCsMY-01224-00298036-00298236 labour human trafficking and forced
XFbksSBCsMY-01225-00298237-00298494 begging among others according to the
XFbksSBCsMY-01226-00298495-00298806 2011 census there were 1.1 crore 10
XFbksSBCsMY-01227-00298807-00299022 point 1 million child labourers in the
XFbksSBCsMY-01228-00299023-00299361 country a decline of 26 lakh 2.6 million
XFbksSBCsMY-01229-00299362-00299655 from 1 point to 6 crore 12 point 6
XFbksSBCsMY-01230-00299656-00299925 million child labourers in 2001 since
XFbksSBCsMY-01231-00299926-00300231 1991 economic inequality between India's
XFbksSBCsMY-01232-00300232-00300438 states has consistently grown the per
XFbksSBCsMY-01233-00300439-00300657 capita net state domestic product of the
XFbksSBCsMY-01234-00300658-00300975 richest states in 2007 was 3.2 times
XFbksSBCsMY-01235-00300976-00301224 that of the poorest corruption in India
XFbksSBCsMY-01236-00301225-00301413 is perceived to have decreased
XFbksSBCsMY-01237-00301414-00301557 according to Corruption Perceptions
XFbksSBCsMY-01238-00301558-00301956 Index India ranked 76th out of 176
XFbksSBCsMY-01239-00301957-00302819 countries in 2016 from 85th in 2014
XFbksSBCsMY-01240-00302820-00303326 topic demographics
XFbksSBCsMY-01241-00303327-00303939 with 120 101 90 3422 residents reported
XFbksSBCsMY-01242-00303940-00304176 in the 2011 provisional census report
XFbksSBCsMY-01243-00304177-00304334 India is the world's second most
XFbksSBCsMY-01244-00304335-00304658 populous country its population grew by
XFbksSBCsMY-01245-00304659-00304880 seventeen point six four percent during
XFbksSBCsMY-01246-00304881-00305169 2001 to 2011 compared to twenty one
XFbksSBCsMY-01247-00305170-00305391 point five four percent growth in the
XFbksSBCsMY-01248-00305392-00305810 previous decade 1991 to 2001 the human
XFbksSBCsMY-01249-00305811-00306096 sex ratio according to the 2011 census
XFbksSBCsMY-01250-00306097-00306525 is 940 females per 1000 males the median
XFbksSBCsMY-01251-00306526-00306734 age was twenty seven point six as of
XFbksSBCsMY-01252-00306735-00307077 2016 the first post-colonial census
XFbksSBCsMY-01253-00307078-00307491 conducted in 1951 counted 361 point 1
XFbksSBCsMY-01254-00307492-00307779 million people medical advances made in
XFbksSBCsMY-01255-00307780-00308001 the last 50 years as well as increased
XFbksSBCsMY-01256-00308002-00308207 agricultural productivity brought about
XFbksSBCsMY-01257-00308208-00308487 by the Green Revolution have caused
XFbksSBCsMY-01258-00308488-00308775 India's population to grow rapidly India
XFbksSBCsMY-01259-00308776-00308981 continues to face several public health
XFbksSBCsMY-01260-00308982-00309219 related challenges life expectancy in
XFbksSBCsMY-01261-00309220-00309434 India is at 68 years with life
XFbksSBCsMY-01262-00309435-00309723 expectancy for women being 69 point 6
XFbksSBCsMY-01263-00309724-00310071 years and for men being 67 point 3 there
XFbksSBCsMY-01264-00310072-00310362 are around 50 physicians per 100 Ooo
XFbksSBCsMY-01265-00310363-00310662 Indians migration from rural to urban
XFbksSBCsMY-01266-00310663-00310907 areas has been an important dynamic in
XFbksSBCsMY-01267-00310908-00311057 the recent history of India
XFbksSBCsMY-01268-00311058-00311295 the number of Indians living in urban
XFbksSBCsMY-01269-00311296-00311670 areas grew by 31.2% between 1991 and
XFbksSBCsMY-01270-00311671-00312141 2001 yet in 2001 over 70 percent still
XFbksSBCsMY-01271-00312142-00312402 lived in rural areas the level of
XFbksSBCsMY-01272-00312403-00312702 urbanization increased further from 27.8
XFbksSBCsMY-01273-00312703-00313085 1% in the 2001 census to 31 point 1 6
XFbksSBCsMY-01274-00313086-00313419 percent in the 2011 census the slowing
XFbksSBCsMY-01275-00313420-00313569 down of the overall growth rate of
XFbksSBCsMY-01276-00313570-00313791 population was due to the sharp decline
XFbksSBCsMY-01277-00313792-00313982 in the growth rate in rural areas since
XFbksSBCsMY-01278-00313983-00314381 1991 according to the 2011 census there
XFbksSBCsMY-01279-00314382-00314657 are 53 million-plus urban agglomerations
XFbksSBCsMY-01280-00314658-00314904 in India among the Mumbai Delhi Kolkata
XFbksSBCsMY-01281-00314905-00315171 Chennai Bangalore Hyderabad and
XFbksSBCsMY-01282-00315172-00315359 Ahmedabad in decreasing order by
XFbksSBCsMY-01283-00315360-00315717 population the literacy rate in 2011 was
XFbksSBCsMY-01284-00315718-00316014 74 point zero four percent sixty five
XFbksSBCsMY-01285-00316015-00316256 point four six percent among females and
XFbksSBCsMY-01286-00316257-00316460 eighty-two point one four percent among
XFbksSBCsMY-01287-00316461-00316530 males
XFbksSBCsMY-01288-00316531-00316788 the rural urban literacy gap which was
XFbksSBCsMY-01289-00316789-00316956 twenty one point two percentage points
XFbksSBCsMY-01290-00316957-00317241 in 2001 dropped to sixteen point one
XFbksSBCsMY-01291-00317242-00317511 percentage points in 2011 the
XFbksSBCsMY-01292-00317512-00317700 improvement in literacy rate in rural
XFbksSBCsMY-01293-00317701-00317972 area as two times that in urban areas
XFbksSBCsMY-01294-00317973-00318210 Kerala is the most literate state with
XFbksSBCsMY-01295-00318211-00318399 ninety three point nine one percent
XFbksSBCsMY-01296-00318400-00318621 literacy while Bihar the least was sixty
XFbksSBCsMY-01297-00318622-00319243 three point eight two percent
XFbksSBCsMY-01298-00319244-00319749 topic languages
XFbksSBCsMY-01299-00319750-00319995 India is home to two major language
XFbksSBCsMY-01300-00319996-00320307 families indo-aryan spoken by about 74
XFbksSBCsMY-01301-00320308-00320496 percent of the population and Dravidian
XFbksSBCsMY-01302-00320497-00320862 spoken by 24% of the population other
XFbksSBCsMY-01303-00320863-00321090 languages spoken in India come from the
XFbksSBCsMY-01304-00321091-00321335 austroasiatic and sino-tibetan language
XFbksSBCsMY-01305-00321336-00321645 families India has no national language
XFbksSBCsMY-01306-00321646-00321846 Hindi with the largest number of
XFbksSBCsMY-01307-00321847-00322053 speakers is the official language of the
XFbksSBCsMY-01308-00322054-00322290 government English is used extensively
XFbksSBCsMY-01309-00322291-00322533 in business and administration and has
XFbksSBCsMY-01310-00322534-00322788 the status of a subsidiary official
XFbksSBCsMY-01311-00322789-00323052 language it is important in education
XFbksSBCsMY-01312-00323053-00323226 especially as a medium of higher
XFbksSBCsMY-01313-00323227-00323544 education each state in Union Territory
XFbksSBCsMY-01314-00323545-00323751 has one or more official languages and
XFbksSBCsMY-01315-00323752-00323940 the Constitution recognizes in
XFbksSBCsMY-01316-00323941-00324724 particular 22 scheduled languages
XFbksSBCsMY-01317-00324725-00325219 topic religions
XFbksSBCsMY-01318-00325220-00325482 the 2011 census reported that the
XFbksSBCsMY-01319-00325483-00325653 religion in India with the largest
XFbksSBCsMY-01320-00325654-00325881 number of followers was Hinduism seventy
XFbksSBCsMY-01321-00325882-00326079 nine point eight zero percent of the
XFbksSBCsMY-01322-00326080-00326310 population followed by Islam fourteen
XFbksSBCsMY-01323-00326311-00326515 point two three percent the remaining
XFbksSBCsMY-01324-00326516-00326701 were Christianity two point three zero
XFbksSBCsMY-01325-00326702-00326979 percent Sikhism one point seven two
XFbksSBCsMY-01326-00326980-00327574 percent Buddhism 0.70% Jainism 0.36% and
XFbksSBCsMY-01327-00327575-00327946 others 0.9 percent India has the world's
XFbksSBCsMY-01328-00327947-00328254 largest Hindu Sikh Jain Zoroastrian and
XFbksSBCsMY-01329-00328255-00328455 Baha'i populations and has the third
XFbksSBCsMY-01330-00328456-00328723 largest Muslim population the largest
XFbksSBCsMY-01331-00328724-00329411 for a non Muslim majority country
XFbksSBCsMY-01332-00329412-00329921 topic culture
XFbksSBCsMY-01333-00329922-00330220 Indian cultural history spans more than
XFbksSBCsMY-01334-00330221-00330607 4,500 years during the Vedic period see
XFbksSBCsMY-01335-00330608-00330989 1700 to 500 BCE the foundations of Hindu
XFbksSBCsMY-01336-00330990-00331226 philosophy mythology theology and
XFbksSBCsMY-01337-00331227-00331424 literature were laid and many beliefs
XFbksSBCsMY-01338-00331425-00331607 and practices which still exist today
XFbksSBCsMY-01339-00331608-00331919 such as Dharma karma yoga and moxa were
XFbksSBCsMY-01340-00331920-00332185 established India is notable for its
XFbksSBCsMY-01341-00332186-00332393 religious diversity with Hinduism
XFbksSBCsMY-01342-00332394-00332690 Buddhism Sikhism Islam Christianity and
XFbksSBCsMY-01343-00332691-00332855 Jainism among the nation's major
XFbksSBCsMY-01344-00332856-00333085 religions the predominant religion
XFbksSBCsMY-01345-00333086-00333329 Hinduism has been shaped by various
XFbksSBCsMY-01346-00333330-00333535 historical schools of thought including
XFbksSBCsMY-01347-00333536-00333776 those of the Upanishads the Yoga Sutras
XFbksSBCsMY-01348-00333777-00333956 the bhakti movement and by Buddhist
XFbksSBCsMY-01349-00333957-00334502 philosophy
XFbksSBCsMY-01350-00334503-00335065 topic art and architecture
XFbksSBCsMY-01351-00335066-00335307 much of Indian architecture including
XFbksSBCsMY-01352-00335308-00335515 the Taj Mahal other works of mughal
XFbksSBCsMY-01353-00335516-00335679 architecture and South Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-01354-00335680-00335869 architecture blends ancient local
XFbksSBCsMY-01355-00335870-00336074 traditions with imported styles
XFbksSBCsMY-01356-00336075-00336337 vernacular architecture is also highly
XFbksSBCsMY-01357-00336338-00336600 regional in it flavours vaster Shastra
XFbksSBCsMY-01358-00336601-00336926 literally science of construction or
XFbksSBCsMY-01359-00336927-00337200 architecture and ascribed to mamuni
XFbksSBCsMY-01360-00337201-00337393 mayan explores how the laws of nature
XFbksSBCsMY-01361-00337394-00337591 affect human dwellings it employs
XFbksSBCsMY-01362-00337592-00337782 precise geometry and directional
XFbksSBCsMY-01363-00337783-00337993 alignments to reflect perceived cosmic
XFbksSBCsMY-01364-00337994-00338283 constructs as applied in Hindu temple
XFbksSBCsMY-01365-00338284-00338467 architecture it is influenced by the
XFbksSBCsMY-01366-00338468-00338722 Shilpa Shastras a series of foundational
XFbksSBCsMY-01367-00338723-00338955 texts whose basic mythological form as
XFbksSBCsMY-01368-00338956-00339187 the vas-tu Purusha mandala a square that
XFbksSBCsMY-01369-00339188-00339472 embodied the absolute the Taj Mahal
XFbksSBCsMY-01370-00339473-00339895 built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by
XFbksSBCsMY-01371-00339896-00340104 orders of Emperor Shah Jahan in memory
XFbksSBCsMY-01372-00340105-00340288 of his wife has been described in the
XFbksSBCsMY-01373-00340289-00340546 UNESCO World Heritage List as the jewel
XFbksSBCsMY-01374-00340547-00340785 of Muslim art in India and one of the
XFbksSBCsMY-01375-00340786-00341031 universally admired masterpieces of the
XFbksSBCsMY-01376-00341032-00341422 world's heritage indo-saracenic Revival
XFbksSBCsMY-01377-00341423-00341631 architecture developed by the British in
XFbksSBCsMY-01378-00341632-00341812 the late 19th century drew an
XFbksSBCsMY-01379-00341813-00342453 indo-islamic architecture
XFbksSBCsMY-01380-00342454-00342945 topic literature
XFbksSBCsMY-01381-00342946-00343197 the earliest literary writings in India
XFbksSBCsMY-01382-00343198-00343572 composed between 1700 BCE and 1200 CE II
XFbksSBCsMY-01383-00343573-00343866 were in the Sanskrit language prominent
XFbksSBCsMY-01384-00343867-00343992 works of this Sanskrit literature
XFbksSBCsMY-01385-00343993-00344190 include epics such as the Mahabharata
XFbksSBCsMY-01386-00344191-00344459 and the Ramayana the drama's of Kalidasa
XFbksSBCsMY-01387-00344460-00344684 such as the Abidjan a second alum the
XFbksSBCsMY-01388-00344685-00344930 recognition of sakuntala and poetry such
XFbksSBCsMY-01389-00344931-00345240 as the Maha Kavya Kama Sutra the famous
XFbksSBCsMY-01390-00345241-00345447 book about sexual intercourse also
XFbksSBCsMY-01391-00345448-00345704 originated in India developed between
XFbksSBCsMY-01392-00345705-00345983 600 BCE and 300 seee
XFbksSBCsMY-01393-00345984-00346166 in South India the Sangam literature
XFbksSBCsMY-01394-00346167-00346583 consisting of 2381 poems is regarded as
XFbksSBCsMY-01395-00346584-00346856 a predecessor of Tamil literature from
XFbksSBCsMY-01396-00346857-00347108 the 14th to the 18th centuries India's
XFbksSBCsMY-01397-00347109-00347268 literary traditions went through a
XFbksSBCsMY-01398-00347269-00347483 period of drastic change because of the
XFbksSBCsMY-01399-00347484-00347676 emergence of devotional poets such as
XFbksSBCsMY-01400-00347677-00347991 Kabir tulasidas and Guru Nanak this
XFbksSBCsMY-01401-00347992-00348222 period was characterized by a varied and
XFbksSBCsMY-01402-00348223-00348387 wide spectrum of thought and expression
XFbksSBCsMY-01403-00348388-00348612 as a consequence medieval Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-01404-00348613-00348755 literary works differed significantly
XFbksSBCsMY-01405-00348756-00349089 from classical traditions in the 19th
XFbksSBCsMY-01406-00349090-00349287 century Indian writers took a new
XFbksSBCsMY-01407-00349288-00349460 interest in social questions and
XFbksSBCsMY-01408-00349461-00349754 psychological descriptions in the 20th
XFbksSBCsMY-01409-00349755-00349992 century Indian literature was influenced
XFbksSBCsMY-01410-00349993-00350172 by the works of Bengali poet and
XFbksSBCsMY-01411-00350173-00350370 novelist rabindranath tagore who was a
XFbksSBCsMY-01412-00350371-00350523 recipient of the Nobel Prize in
XFbksSBCsMY-01413-00350524-00351079 Literature
XFbksSBCsMY-01414-00351080-00351613 topic performing arts
XFbksSBCsMY-01415-00351614-00351853 Indian music ranges over various
XFbksSBCsMY-01416-00351854-00352129 traditions and regional styles classical
XFbksSBCsMY-01417-00352130-00352339 music encompasses two genres and their
XFbksSBCsMY-01418-00352340-00352525 various folk offshoots the northern
XFbksSBCsMY-01419-00352526-00352806 Hindustani and southern Carnatic schools
XFbksSBCsMY-01420-00352807-00353098 regionalised popular forms include filmy
XFbksSBCsMY-01421-00353099-00353314 and folk music the syncretic tradition
XFbksSBCsMY-01422-00353315-00353491 of the balls is a well-known form of the
XFbksSBCsMY-01423-00353492-00353755 latter Indian dance also features
XFbksSBCsMY-01424-00353756-00354025 diverse folk in classical forms among
XFbksSBCsMY-01425-00354026-00354193 the better known folk dances are the
XFbksSBCsMY-01426-00354194-00354415 Bhangra of Punjab the be hue of a sum
XFbksSBCsMY-01427-00354416-00354610 the Jumeirah and Chou of Jharkhand
XFbksSBCsMY-01428-00354611-00354883 Odisha and West Bengal Garba and dandiya
XFbksSBCsMY-01429-00354884-00355117 of Gujarat goomar of Rajasthan and the
XFbksSBCsMY-01430-00355118-00355417 Levani of Maharashtra eight dance forms
XFbksSBCsMY-01431-00355418-00355591 many with narrative forms and
XFbksSBCsMY-01432-00355592-00355789 mythological elements have been accorded
XFbksSBCsMY-01433-00355790-00355981 classical dance status by India's
XFbksSBCsMY-01434-00355982-00356209 National Academy of Music Dance and
XFbksSBCsMY-01435-00356210-00356263 Drama
XFbksSBCsMY-01436-00356264-00356542 these are bharata natyam of the state of
XFbksSBCsMY-01437-00356543-00356767 tamil nadu Kathak of uttar pradesh
XFbksSBCsMY-01438-00356768-00357016 Kathakali and Mahima yatama of kerala
XFbksSBCsMY-01439-00357017-00357280 Kuchipudi of andhra pradesh menopur of
XFbksSBCsMY-01440-00357281-00357562 menopur ODC of Odisha and the Satria of
XFbksSBCsMY-01441-00357563-00357886 assam theatre in India melds music dance
XFbksSBCsMY-01442-00357887-00358201 and improvised or written dialogue often
XFbksSBCsMY-01443-00358202-00358411 based on Hindu mythology but also
XFbksSBCsMY-01444-00358412-00358603 borrowing from medieval romances or
XFbksSBCsMY-01445-00358604-00358807 social and political events Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-01446-00358808-00359020 theatre includes the bhava of Gujarat
XFbksSBCsMY-01447-00359021-00359233 the Jarra of West Bengal the nautanki
XFbksSBCsMY-01448-00359234-00359509 and ram-leela of north india tamasha of
XFbksSBCsMY-01449-00359510-00359764 maharashtra barakaatuh of andhra pradesh
XFbksSBCsMY-01450-00359765-00359977 terra-cotta of tamil nadu and the
XFbksSBCsMY-01451-00359978-00360259 yakshagana of karnataka india has a
XFbksSBCsMY-01452-00360260-00360508 theatre training institute NSD that is
XFbksSBCsMY-01453-00360509-00360673 situated at new delhi it is an
XFbksSBCsMY-01454-00360674-00360850 autonomous organization under the
XFbksSBCsMY-01455-00360851-00361536 Ministry of Culture Government of India
XFbksSBCsMY-01456-00361537-00362137 topic motion pictures television
XFbksSBCsMY-01457-00362138-00362389 the Indian film industry produces the
XFbksSBCsMY-01458-00362390-00362631 world's most watched cinema established
XFbksSBCsMY-01459-00362632-00362859 regional cinematic traditions exist in
XFbksSBCsMY-01460-00362860-00363115 the Assamese bengali bhojpuri Hindi
XFbksSBCsMY-01461-00363116-00363378 Kannada Malayalam Punjabi Gujarati
XFbksSBCsMY-01462-00363379-00363720 Marathi Odia Tamil and Telugu languages
XFbksSBCsMY-01463-00363721-00364008 South Indian cinema attracts more than
XFbksSBCsMY-01464-00364009-00364326 75% of national film revenue television
XFbksSBCsMY-01465-00364327-00364635 broadcasting began in India in 1959 as a
XFbksSBCsMY-01466-00364636-00364851 state-run medium of communication and
XFbksSBCsMY-01467-00364852-00365031 had slow expansion for more than two
XFbksSBCsMY-01468-00365032-00365346 decades the state monopoly on television
XFbksSBCsMY-01469-00365347-00365614 broadcast ended in the 1990s and since
XFbksSBCsMY-01470-00365615-00365767 then satellite channels have
XFbksSBCsMY-01471-00365768-00365965 increasingly shaped the popular culture
XFbksSBCsMY-01472-00365966-00366271 of Indian society today television is
XFbksSBCsMY-01473-00366272-00366442 the most penetrated media in India
XFbksSBCsMY-01474-00366443-00366688 industry estimates indicate that as of
XFbksSBCsMY-01475-00366689-00367117 2012 there are over 50 5.4 crore 554
XFbksSBCsMY-01476-00367118-00367554 million TV consumers 46.2 crore 462
XFbksSBCsMY-01477-00367555-00367749 million with satellite and/or cable
XFbksSBCsMY-01478-00367750-00367945 connections compared to other forms of
XFbksSBCsMY-01479-00367946-00368279 mass media such as press 35 crore radio
XFbksSBCsMY-01480-00368280-00369103 15.6 crore or Internet 3.7 crore
XFbksSBCsMY-01481-00369104-00369585 topic cuisine
XFbksSBCsMY-01482-00369586-00369798 Indian cuisine encompasses a wide
XFbksSBCsMY-01483-00369799-00370021 variety of regional and traditional
XFbksSBCsMY-01484-00370022-00370213 cuisines often depending on a particular
XFbksSBCsMY-01485-00370214-00370473 state such as Maharashtrian cuisine
XFbksSBCsMY-01486-00370474-00370749 staple foods of Indian cuisine include
XFbksSBCsMY-01487-00370750-00371079 pearl millet I ast Bhadra rice whole
XFbksSBCsMY-01488-00371080-00371280 wheat flour Atta and a variety of
XFbksSBCsMY-01489-00371281-00371526 lentils such as Miss or most often red
XFbksSBCsMY-01490-00371527-00371799 lentils tour pigeon peas your add black
XFbksSBCsMY-01491-00371800-00372135 gram and mung mung beans lentils may be
XFbksSBCsMY-01492-00372136-00372408 used Holt the husk for example Dulli
XFbksSBCsMY-01493-00372409-00372750 mung or dually Lloret or split split
XFbksSBCsMY-01494-00372751-00373032 lentils or dal are used extensively the
XFbksSBCsMY-01495-00373033-00373251 spice trade between India and Europe is
XFbksSBCsMY-01496-00373252-00373465 often cited by historians as the primary
XFbksSBCsMY-01497-00373466-00374174 catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery
XFbksSBCsMY-01498-00374175-00374685 topic society
XFbksSBCsMY-01499-00374686-00374953 traditional indian society is sometimes
XFbksSBCsMY-01500-00374954-00375226 defined by social hierarchy the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-01501-00375227-00375451 caste system embodies much of the social
XFbksSBCsMY-01502-00375452-00375649 stratification and many of the social
XFbksSBCsMY-01503-00375650-00375805 restrictions found in the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-01504-00375806-00376078 subcontinent social classes are defined
XFbksSBCsMY-01505-00376079-00376291 by thousands of in dogmas hereditary
XFbksSBCsMY-01506-00376292-00376632 groups often termed as Jadus or castes
XFbksSBCsMY-01507-00376633-00376891 India declared untouchability to be
XFbksSBCsMY-01508-00376892-00377170 illegal in 1947 and has since enacted
XFbksSBCsMY-01509-00377171-00377374 other anti-discriminatory laws and
XFbksSBCsMY-01510-00377375-00377623 social welfare initiatives at the
XFbksSBCsMY-01511-00377624-00377806 workplace in urban India and in
XFbksSBCsMY-01512-00377807-00377971 international or leading Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-01513-00377972-00378124 companies the caste related
XFbksSBCsMY-01514-00378125-00378349 identification has pretty much lost its
XFbksSBCsMY-01515-00378350-00378571 importance family values are important
XFbksSBCsMY-01516-00378572-00378715 in the Indian tradition and
XFbksSBCsMY-01517-00378716-00378919 multi-generational patriarchal joint
XFbksSBCsMY-01518-00378920-00379084 families have been the norm in India
XFbksSBCsMY-01519-00379085-00379252 though nuclear families are becoming
XFbksSBCsMY-01520-00379253-00379538 common in urban areas an overwhelming
XFbksSBCsMY-01521-00379539-00379723 majority of Indians with their consent
XFbksSBCsMY-01522-00379724-00379891 have their marriages arranged by their
XFbksSBCsMY-01523-00379892-00380091 parents or other elders in the family
XFbksSBCsMY-01524-00380092-00380339 marriage is thought to be for life and
XFbksSBCsMY-01525-00380340-00380515 the divorce rate is extremely low
XFbksSBCsMY-01526-00380516-00380944 as of 2001 just 1.6 percent of Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-01527-00380945-00381139 women were divorced but this figure was
XFbksSBCsMY-01528-00381140-00381307 rising due to their education and
XFbksSBCsMY-01529-00381308-00381592 economic independence child marriages
XFbksSBCsMY-01530-00381593-00381788 are common especially in rural areas
XFbksSBCsMY-01531-00381789-00382051 many women went before reaching 18 which
XFbksSBCsMY-01532-00382052-00382315 is their legal marriage able age female
XFbksSBCsMY-01533-00382316-00382546 infanticide and female feticide in the
XFbksSBCsMY-01534-00382547-00382741 country have caused a discrepancy in the
XFbksSBCsMY-01535-00382742-00383017 sex ratio as of 2005 it was estimated
XFbksSBCsMY-01536-00383018-00383227 that there were 50 million more males
XFbksSBCsMY-01537-00383228-00383489 than females in the nation however a
XFbksSBCsMY-01538-00383490-00383695 report from 2011 has shown improvement
XFbksSBCsMY-01539-00383696-00384025 in the gender ratio the payment of dowry
XFbksSBCsMY-01540-00384026-00384229 although illegal remains widespread
XFbksSBCsMY-01541-00384230-00384520 across class lines debts resulting from
XFbksSBCsMY-01542-00384521-00384751 dowry mostly from bride burning are on
XFbksSBCsMY-01543-00384752-00384964 the rise despite stringent anti dowry
XFbksSBCsMY-01544-00384965-00385201 laws many Indian festivals are religious
XFbksSBCsMY-01545-00385202-00385480 in origin the best-known include Diwali
XFbksSBCsMY-01546-00385481-00385789 Ganesha Chaturthi Thai Pongal Holi Durga
XFbksSBCsMY-01547-00385790-00386087 Puja Eid all fit or Bakr ID Christmas
XFbksSBCsMY-01548-00386088-00386404 and vaisakhi India has three national
XFbksSBCsMY-01549-00386405-00386569 holidays which are observed in all
XFbksSBCsMY-01550-00386570-00386791 states and union territories Republic
XFbksSBCsMY-01551-00386792-00387019 Day Independence Day and Gandhi Jandy
XFbksSBCsMY-01552-00387020-00387319 other sets of holidays varying between
XFbksSBCsMY-01553-00387320-00387490 nine and twelve are officially observed
XFbksSBCsMY-01554-00387491-00387799 in individual states
XFbksSBCsMY-01555-00387800-00388121 you
XFbksSBCsMY-01556-00388122-00388597 topic clothing
XFbksSBCsMY-01557-00388598-00388927 cotton was domesticated in India by 4000
XFbksSBCsMY-01558-00388928-00389235 BCE traditional Indian dress varies in
XFbksSBCsMY-01559-00389236-00389425 color and style across regions and
XFbksSBCsMY-01560-00389426-00389593 depends on various factors including
XFbksSBCsMY-01561-00389594-00389910 climate and faith popular styles of
XFbksSBCsMY-01562-00389911-00390112 dress include draped garments such as
XFbksSBCsMY-01563-00390113-00390319 the sari for women in the dhoti or lungi
XFbksSBCsMY-01564-00390320-00390592 for men stitched clothes such as the
XFbksSBCsMY-01565-00390593-00390775 shalwar kameez for women and kurta
XFbksSBCsMY-01566-00390776-00390984 pyjama combinations or european-style
XFbksSBCsMY-01567-00390985-00391209 trousers and shirts for men are also
XFbksSBCsMY-01568-00391210-00391546 popular use of delicate jewelry modeled
XFbksSBCsMY-01569-00391547-00391774 on real flowers worn in ancient india is
XFbksSBCsMY-01570-00391775-00391963 part of a tradition dating back some
XFbksSBCsMY-01571-00391964-00392080 5000 years
XFbksSBCsMY-01572-00392081-00392278 gemstones are also worn in India as
XFbksSBCsMY-01573-00392279-00392832 talismans
XFbksSBCsMY-01574-00392833-00393320 topic sports
XFbksSBCsMY-01575-00393321-00393572 in India several traditional indigenous
XFbksSBCsMY-01576-00393573-00393827 sports remain fairly popular such as
XFbksSBCsMY-01577-00393828-00393890 Kabaddi
XFbksSBCsMY-01578-00393891-00394202 Coco Pehlwan II and gilli danda some of
XFbksSBCsMY-01579-00394203-00394415 the earliest forms of Asian martial arts
XFbksSBCsMY-01580-00394416-00394694 such as kalaripayattu Musti oda Salam
XFbksSBCsMY-01581-00394695-00394945 Bam and marma Adi originated in India
XFbksSBCsMY-01582-00394946-00395213 chess commonly held to have originated
XFbksSBCsMY-01583-00395214-00395429 in India as chaturanga is regaining
XFbksSBCsMY-01584-00395430-00395648 widespread popularity with the rise in
XFbksSBCsMY-01585-00395649-00395908 the number of Indian grandmasters but
XFbksSBCsMY-01586-00395909-00396140 cheese' from which Parcheesi derives was
XFbksSBCsMY-01587-00396141-00396355 played on a giant marble court by Akbar
XFbksSBCsMY-01588-00396356-00396539 the improved results garnered by the
XFbksSBCsMY-01589-00396540-00396743 Indian Davis Cup team and other Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-01590-00396744-00396977 tennis players in the early 2010's have
XFbksSBCsMY-01591-00396978-00397190 made tennis increasingly popular in the
XFbksSBCsMY-01592-00397191-00397480 country India has a comparatively strong
XFbksSBCsMY-01593-00397481-00397703 presence in shooting sports and has won
XFbksSBCsMY-01594-00397704-00397904 several medals at the Olympics the world
XFbksSBCsMY-01595-00397905-00398066 shooting championships and the
XFbksSBCsMY-01596-00398067-00398174 Commonwealth Games
XFbksSBCsMY-01597-00398175-00398410 other sports in which Indians have
XFbksSBCsMY-01598-00398411-00398588 succeeded internationally include
XFbksSBCsMY-01599-00398589-00398867 badminton Saina Nehwal and PV Sindhu are
XFbksSBCsMY-01600-00398868-00399074 two of the top ranked female badminton
XFbksSBCsMY-01601-00399075-00399242 players in the world boxing and
XFbksSBCsMY-01602-00399243-00399535 wrestling football is popular in West
XFbksSBCsMY-01603-00399536-00399824 Bengal Goa Tamil Nadu Kerala and the
XFbksSBCsMY-01604-00399825-00400030 northeastern states India was the host
XFbksSBCsMY-01605-00400031-00400369 country for the 2017 FIFA u-17 World Cup
XFbksSBCsMY-01606-00400370-00400684 the matches were held from 6 to the 28th
XFbksSBCsMY-01607-00400685-00400879 of October in the cities of New Delhi
XFbksSBCsMY-01608-00400880-00401219 Kolkata Kochi Navi Mumbai Guwahati and
XFbksSBCsMY-01609-00401220-00401404 Margao field hockey in India is
XFbksSBCsMY-01610-00401405-00401651 administered by Hockey India the Indian
XFbksSBCsMY-01611-00401652-00402007 national hockey team won the 1975 Hockey
XFbksSBCsMY-01612-00402008-00402248 World Cup and have as of 2016
XFbksSBCsMY-01613-00402249-00402467 taken 8 gold one silver and two bronze
XFbksSBCsMY-01614-00402468-00402719 Olympic medals making it the sports most
XFbksSBCsMY-01615-00402720-00403025 successful team in the Olympics India
XFbksSBCsMY-01616-00403026-00403180 has also played a major role in
XFbksSBCsMY-01617-00403181-00403466 popularizing cricket thus cricket is by
XFbksSBCsMY-01618-00403467-00403769 far the most popular sport in India the
XFbksSBCsMY-01619-00403770-00403964 Indian national cricket team won the
XFbksSBCsMY-01620-00403965-00404297 1983 and 2011 Cricket World Cup events
XFbksSBCsMY-01621-00404298-00404680 the 2007 ICC World twenty20 shared the
XFbksSBCsMY-01622-00404681-00405041 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka
XFbksSBCsMY-01623-00405042-00405452 and 1 2013 ICC Champions Trophy Cricket
XFbksSBCsMY-01624-00405453-00405647 in India as administered by the Board of
XFbksSBCsMY-01625-00405648-00405923 Control for Cricket in India BCCI the
XFbksSBCsMY-01626-00405924-00406132 Ranji Trophy the Duleep Trophy the
XFbksSBCsMY-01627-00406133-00406384 Deodhar trophy the irani trophy and the
XFbksSBCsMY-01628-00406385-00406598 NK peace Ave Challenger trophy are
XFbksSBCsMY-01629-00406599-00406650 domestic
XFbksSBCsMY-01630-00406651-00406995 competitions the BCCI also conducts an
XFbksSBCsMY-01631-00406996-00407217 annual twenty20 competition known as the
XFbksSBCsMY-01632-00407218-00407544 Indian Premier League India has hosted
XFbksSBCsMY-01633-00407545-00407751 or co-hosted several international
XFbksSBCsMY-01634-00407752-00408090 sporting events the 1951 and 1982 Asian
XFbksSBCsMY-01635-00408091-00408534 Games the 1987 1996 and 2011 Cricket
XFbksSBCsMY-01636-00408535-00408768 World Cup tournaments the 2003
XFbksSBCsMY-01637-00408769-00409101 afro-asian games the 2006 ICC Champions
XFbksSBCsMY-01638-00409102-00409425 Trophy the 2010 Hockey World Cup the
XFbksSBCsMY-01639-00409426-00409707 2010 Commonwealth Games and the 2017
XFbksSBCsMY-01640-00409708-00410076 FIFA u-17 World Cup major international
XFbksSBCsMY-01641-00410077-00410280 sporting events held annually in India
XFbksSBCsMY-01642-00410281-00410472 include the Chennai Open the Mumbai
XFbksSBCsMY-01643-00410472-00410712 marathon the Delhi half marathon and the
XFbksSBCsMY-01644-00410713-00410997 Indian Masters the first Formula 1
XFbksSBCsMY-01645-00410997-00411222 Indian Grand Prix featured in late 2011
XFbksSBCsMY-01646-00411222-00411459 but has been discontinued from the f1
XFbksSBCsMY-01647-00411460-00411674 season calendar since 2014
XFbksSBCsMY-01648-00411675-00411846 India has traditionally been the
XFbksSBCsMY-01649-00411847-00411999 dominant country at the South Asian
XFbksSBCsMY-01650-00412000-00412299 Games an example of this dominance as
XFbksSBCsMY-01651-00412300-00412493 the basketball competition where the
XFbksSBCsMY-01652-00412495-00412649 Indian team won three out of four
XFbksSBCsMY-01653-00412650-00412818 tournaments to date the Rajiv Gandhi
XFbksSBCsMY-01654-00412818-00413060 Khel Ratna and the Arjuna Award are the
XFbksSBCsMY-01655-00413062-00413243 highest forms of government recognition
XFbksSBCsMY-01656-00413245-00413472 for athletic achievement the dronacharya
XFbksSBCsMY-01657-00413472-00413649 award is awarded for excellence in
XFbksSBCsMY-01658-00413650-00414191 coaching
XFbksSBCsMY-01659-00414192-00414741 topic C also
XFbksSBCsMY-01660-00414742-00415107 outline of India index of India related
XFbksSBCsMY-01661-00415108-00415572 articles equals equals notes
XHFg-xkkAw8-00000-00000000-00000179 how did your parents question is will
XHFg-xkkAw8-00001-00000180-00000356 the next two divisions own house
XHFg-xkkAw8-00002-00000357-00000605 generation after and even if they do is
XHFg-xkkAw8-00003-00000606-00000833 it fair for them to leave that kind of
XHFg-xkkAw8-00004-00000834-00001291 responsibility if I our future says you
XHFg-xkkAw8-00005-00001292-00001582 take care of your parents that doesn't
XHFg-xkkAw8-00006-00001583-00001859 mean it's right the Bible says a good
XHFg-xkkAw8-00007-00001860-00002000 but this is andrew harrison street
XHFg-xkkAw8-00008-00002001-00002263 children and to his children's children
XHFg-xkkAw8-00009-00002264-00002657 occupied by the time but article i could
XHFg-xkkAw8-00010-00002658-00002975 not be getting a bit over 100 miles are
XHFg-xkkAw8-00011-00002976-00003170 finally here on my knees that's like the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00012-00003171-00003361 dick systems reaches the board comes for
XHFg-xkkAw8-00013-00003361-00003608 the bus we have now have a culture of
XHFg-xkkAw8-00014-00003609-00003958 dependency with a house full circle of
XHFg-xkkAw8-00015-00003959-00004241 entitlement you know I've been doing
XHFg-xkkAw8-00016-00004242-00004424 around the world w rats and intriguing
XHFg-xkkAw8-00017-00004425-00004775 PHP and actually t over to what we
XHFg-xkkAw8-00018-00004776-00004972 did there's a limit little people up
XHFg-xkkAw8-00019-00004973-00005240 there but he hasn't been in people with
XHFg-xkkAw8-00020-00005241-00005540 dependents who go to anything and what
XHFg-xkkAw8-00021-00005541-00005774 happens social force in the financial
XHFg-xkkAw8-00022-00005775-00005915 force it worse they don't even say math
XHFg-xkkAw8-00023-00005916-00006088 test so when they go hope you don't have
XHFg-xkkAw8-00024-00006089-00006281 any money and that stuff is limited to
XHFg-xkkAw8-00025-00006282-00006638 the OFW good evening though otherwise
XHFg-xkkAw8-00026-00006639-00006823 you see which is investing he really
XHFg-xkkAw8-00027-00006825-00007055 tickets and over class puckish an
XHFg-xkkAw8-00028-00007056-00007246 upperclassman can get a decent lead in
XHFg-xkkAw8-00029-00007247-00007599 agreement clearly on until moving day
XHFg-xkkAw8-00030-00007600-00007909 its behavior Ian's people think I often
XHFg-xkkAw8-00031-00007911-00008189 directing oh don't even to buy my book
XHFg-xkkAw8-00032-00008190-00008524 on this Bible what he said they get to
XHFg-xkkAw8-00033-00008525-00008909 spoon people ignoring by moving on a
XHFg-xkkAw8-00034-00008910-00009038 better sender just have the right
XHFg-xkkAw8-00035-00009039-00009256 behavior because financially think was
XHFg-xkkAw8-00036-00009257-00009419 that behavior in only 20 purchasing
XHFg-xkkAw8-00037-00009420-00009628 power of skill at supporting google dave
XHFg-xkkAw8-00038-00009629-00009998 ramsey and that's true but you do pânico
XHFg-xkkAw8-00039-00009999-00010241 blame anna well we have those problems
XHFg-xkkAw8-00040-00010242-00010610 okay sorry I likely have you might bite
XHFg-xkkAw8-00041-00010611-00010853 average score it as I keep on using over
XHFg-xkkAw8-00042-00010854-00010978 and over and over again somehow save
XHFg-xkkAw8-00043-00010979-00011195 Henry Fonda ridiculous which sounds are
XHFg-xkkAw8-00044-00011196-00011498 aware of our own or have that come on
XHFg-xkkAw8-00045-00011499-00011824 top well on Terra debate is a doctor but
XHFg-xkkAw8-00046-00011825-00011938 it is equal in my heart of them is
XHFg-xkkAw8-00047-00011939-00012173 impossible a porno free hello daddy s
XHFg-xkkAw8-00048-00012174-00012574 hello kuya chicken I
XHFg-xkkAw8-00049-00012575-00012941 good another one question and it was
XHFg-xkkAw8-00050-00012942-00013425 outside inevitable but as for the bus if
XHFg-xkkAw8-00051-00013426-00013805 we again last night you asked you for
XHFg-xkkAw8-00052-00013806-00014024 the spherical Middle East African
XHFg-xkkAw8-00053-00014025-00014222 rolando package provided an additional
XHFg-xkkAw8-00054-00014223-00014597 column with a diameter of the valley
XHFg-xkkAw8-00055-00014597-00015258 below by Yamaha Vienna Bangkok imagine
XHFg-xkkAw8-00056-00015259-00015800 the pages so we do know a line should I
XHFg-xkkAw8-00057-00015801-00016038 Elizabeth take care it's officinalis
XHFg-xkkAw8-00058-00016038-00016269 affinities evaluated the ensemble is
XHFg-xkkAw8-00059-00016269-00016430 take care independence number by a bit
XHFg-xkkAw8-00060-00016431-00016730 of the screen they must become to say
XHFg-xkkAw8-00061-00016731-00016914 don't we don't equal to be still on for
XHFg-xkkAw8-00062-00016915-00017187 the boot camp event equal with a 5.9 and
XHFg-xkkAw8-00063-00017188-00017528 anything to investigate a bundle of our
XHFg-xkkAw8-00064-00017529-00017855 elderly about vanish and receive a lava
XHFg-xkkAw8-00065-00017856-00018150 numerologist understand that's very
XHFg-xkkAw8-00066-00018151-00018353 different with other nations when it
XHFg-xkkAw8-00067-00018354-00018552 when they eat retirement will begin cold
XHFg-xkkAw8-00068-00018553-00018741 there that that we know that the big
XHFg-xkkAw8-00069-00018742-00019025 city is well in fact they travel they it
XHFg-xkkAw8-00070-00019026-00019302 cruises October meri jaan le manoir de
XHFg-xkkAw8-00071-00019303-00019671 gala menopause acabo de navajas the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00072-00019672-00020088 quinceañera with baby how means a widely
XHFg-xkkAw8-00073-00020089-00020400 respected man my wife of scotch in yoshi
XHFg-xkkAw8-00074-00020401-00020742 imma go to develop a green be nobody 807
XHFg-xkkAw8-00075-00020743-00021053 Amida butsu so the goals become a model
XHFg-xkkAw8-00076-00021054-00021342 wanna comment it was playing my minions
XHFg-xkkAw8-00077-00021343-00021546 absorbers but the burger ain't is 21 and
XHFg-xkkAw8-00078-00021547-00021858 18 again many people per second which
XHFg-xkkAw8-00079-00021859-00021985 next
XHFg-xkkAw8-00080-00021986-00022168 is something we have in the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00081-00022169-00022363 homeschooling mom when I have a town you
XHFg-xkkAw8-00082-00022364-00022654 look google it really yeah when I go to
XHFg-xkkAw8-00083-00022655-00022828 work on traffic up in the house feels
XHFg-xkkAw8-00084-00022829-00023044 good mother Kevin oh my that's my
XHFg-xkkAw8-00085-00023045-00023191 obligations with you will be finished
XHFg-xkkAw8-00086-00023192-00023404 once you're on your own and that's the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00087-00023405-00023572 way you are raised in and that's the way
XHFg-xkkAw8-00088-00023573-00023857 it should be raised but 19 to give you
XHFg-xkkAw8-00089-00023858-00024112 specific that way so it's going to be a
XHFg-xkkAw8-00090-00024113-00024514 started now change your story victorian
XHFg-xkkAw8-00091-00024515-00024644 about you family there at about
XHFg-xkkAw8-00092-00024645-00024973 remembering people bring about ready oh
XHFg-xkkAw8-00093-00024974-00026350 yes sort of a family i will give you the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00094-00026351-00026548 things that we need to change we have
XHFg-xkkAw8-00095-00026549-00026839 problems and behavioral in nature elbows
XHFg-xkkAw8-00096-00026839-00027140 seminars group has been trying to get a
XHFg-xkkAw8-00097-00027141-00027499 will try to induce media extensively on
XHFg-xkkAw8-00098-00027500-00027706 how to perpetrate financial education
XHFg-xkkAw8-00099-00027707-00027904 that's what i have arranged a precise
XHFg-xkkAw8-00100-00027905-00028158 problem lead us not having the amino
XHFg-xkkAw8-00101-00028160-00028417 acid cycle has to be the radio and then
XHFg-xkkAw8-00102-00028418-00028600 bicycle bb-but exact after school and
XHFg-xkkAw8-00103-00028601-00028801 university I'm always at the board
XHFg-xkkAw8-00104-00028802-00029008 everything that because we need that the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00105-00029008-00029158 things I was trying to go study the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00106-00029158-00029368 things that I suspect innovator like you
XHFg-xkkAw8-00107-00029369-00029563 know like stability nice it's a
XHFg-xkkAw8-00108-00029564-00029733 disincentive to invest versus so much
XHFg-xkkAw8-00109-00029735-00030031 access in so short right food break that
XHFg-xkkAw8-00110-00030032-00030223 word we're doing a and I'll advise the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00111-00030224-00030424 register financial planning to do we're
XHFg-xkkAw8-00112-00030425-00030580 we're trying to do some systemic changes
XHFg-xkkAw8-00113-00030581-00030858 also they search for we need to do that
XHFg-xkkAw8-00114-00030860-00031000 because we want to have a good future
XHFg-xkkAw8-00115-00031001-00031282 they but we start with behavior versus
XHFg-xkkAw8-00116-00031283-00031573 solution in my book I said the best
XHFg-xkkAw8-00117-00031574-00031810 solution is important seventy-thirty
XHFg-xkkAw8-00118-00031811-00032044 principali an exaggerated principal
XHFg-xkkAw8-00119-00032045-00032485 spend as much only seventy percent in
XHFg-xkkAw8-00120-00032486-00032689 North opportunity has not seen any
XHFg-xkkAw8-00121-00032689-00033048 dissipated per second okay this'll be a
XHFg-xkkAw8-00122-00033049-00033334 vehicle is but one of them are short man
XHFg-xkkAw8-00123-00033335-00033634 okay momma Dino Ramon dailymotion having
XHFg-xkkAw8-00124-00033635-00033889 an attorney general janet seminary study
XHFg-xkkAw8-00125-00033890-00034162 and I understand no matter how I think
XHFg-xkkAw8-00126-00034163-00034387 the man is no longer manifestation of a
XHFg-xkkAw8-00127-00034388-00034612 correspondence hey another charge my
XHFg-xkkAw8-00128-00034613-00034756 favorite or necessarily an activist
XHFg-xkkAw8-00129-00034757-00034903 reading we can't do anything
XHFg-xkkAw8-00130-00034904-00035308 clear we can change the topic we
XHFg-xkkAw8-00131-00035309-00035593 know he returns a much shorter local
XHFg-xkkAw8-00132-00035594-00035821 teen tempo SE baat hai who said I'm
XHFg-xkkAw8-00133-00035822-00036046 insane every Marcel gotta get quick
XHFg-xkkAw8-00134-00036047-00036319 reach the FISA money attraction with
XHFg-xkkAw8-00135-00036320-00036568 attraction to people who was the ice
XHFg-xkkAw8-00136-00036569-00036775 cream entirely a mother who has horrible
XHFg-xkkAw8-00137-00036776-00037060 game it's a process is that what we try
XHFg-xkkAw8-00138-00037061-00037330 to teach you it's a process it is sad
XHFg-xkkAw8-00139-00037331-00037585 see that some other hesitated in the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00140-00037586-00037822 world they almost is about thirty three
XHFg-xkkAw8-00141-00037823-00038104 percent during Singapore is fifty
XHFg-xkkAw8-00142-00038105-00038326 percent carena State Department said I
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XHFg-xkkAw8-00144-00038774-00038935 turtle time perspective to this
XHFg-xkkAw8-00145-00038936-00039132 appellation Thailand group when they are
XHFg-xkkAw8-00146-00039133-00039457 there all year so what happens very
XHFg-xkkAw8-00147-00039458-00039678 colorful this is where everybody is
XHFg-xkkAw8-00148-00039679-00040048 because ideally is when you spend only
XHFg-xkkAw8-00149-00040049-00040261 about seven percent dysentery person she
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XHFg-xkkAw8-00153-00041120-00041340 explosion of a second train retracing
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XHFg-xkkAw8-00157-00042398-00042646 no team again there are 60 process
XHFg-xkkAw8-00158-00042647-00042943 industries to power handling the pollen
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XHFg-xkkAw8-00160-00043327-00043585 emergency for me not heavy and i am a
XHFg-xkkAw8-00161-00043586-00043759 legitimate economic it exists I
XHFg-xkkAw8-00162-00043760-00044032 conceived all the business networking
XHFg-xkkAw8-00163-00044033-00044371 social life Tyga book with Ohio I have
XHFg-xkkAw8-00164-00044372-00044623 given you Oliver propecia problem is it
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XHFg-xkkAw8-00167-00045329-00045656 consistently wrong the last test that's
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XHFg-xkkAw8-00170-00046341-00046636 this way wanted an online podido yes
XHFg-xkkAw8-00171-00046637-00046918 wonderful spot I encourage everybody to
XHFg-xkkAw8-00172-00046919-00047171 take a check of the studies player I
XHFg-xkkAw8-00173-00047172-00047324 want the first ones are they here to
XHFg-xkkAw8-00174-00047325-00047573 support I love this anomaly thought in
XHFg-xkkAw8-00175-00047574-00047732 preventing for life has dissipated in
XHFg-xkkAw8-00176-00047733-00048110 the aggregate one out of ten Filipinos
XHFg-xkkAw8-00177-00048111-00048371 will invest 22 other friends and get
XHFg-xkkAw8-00178-00048372-00048571 injured each other centers in the van
XHFg-xkkAw8-00179-00048572-00048854 sigimor alleble if you found on an
XHFg-xkkAw8-00180-00048855-00049100 unsustainable image then I wanna go to
XHFg-xkkAw8-00181-00049101-00049402 issue in the race you see that's about
XHFg-xkkAw8-00182-00049403-00049709 40 people to save regularly ever got
XHFg-xkkAw8-00183-00049710-00050174 infidels abanto is abajo a la Regina
XHFg-xkkAw8-00184-00050175-00050552 might wanna microscopic black Subaru but
XHFg-xkkAw8-00185-00050553-00050915 it please come on come on Ed Miliband
XHFg-xkkAw8-00186-00050916-00051165 attendant Amanda see negative about
XHFg-xkkAw8-00187-00051166-00051466 things like not so sophistication of a
XHFg-xkkAw8-00188-00051467-00051652 problem as well the work with these
XHFg-xkkAw8-00189-00051653-00052001 encouraged to teach people I mean in
XHFg-xkkAw8-00190-00052002-00052225 Palo our championship intervention
XHFg-xkkAw8-00191-00052226-00052510 Marvin and I our chances investing
XHFg-xkkAw8-00192-00052511-00052866 because there is turbulence to achieve
XHFg-xkkAw8-00193-00052867-00053209 their educational sandwich shop we're
XHFg-xkkAw8-00194-00053210-00053471 not really we're all your honor against
XHFg-xkkAw8-00195-00053472-00053657 North entrepreneurship so we can get
XHFg-xkkAw8-00196-00053658-00053828 enough of it but we have to do that
XHFg-xkkAw8-00197-00053829-00054142 otherwise we won't have a problem ok our
XHFg-xkkAw8-00198-00054144-00054532 goal my goal pace what I stand for is to
XHFg-xkkAw8-00199-00054533-00054878 three people here from Spencer it that's
XHFg-xkkAw8-00200-00054879-00055259 where we are right now we spent so much
XHFg-xkkAw8-00201-00055260-00055507 we spent almost every seat of the earth
XHFg-xkkAw8-00202-00055508-00055732 and some of us which is the biggest
XHFg-xkkAw8-00203-00055733-00055891 problem that we need to say is the
XHFg-xkkAw8-00204-00055892-00056096 political super death it is very
XHFg-xkkAw8-00205-00056097-00056240 important in the balance of the media
XHFg-xkkAw8-00206-00056241-00056612 para nada problema motorhead estar de
XHFg-xkkAw8-00207-00056613-00056804 bano Christmas development is kinda
XHFg-xkkAw8-00208-00056804-00057110 making sure the miami beach's i struggle
XHFg-xkkAw8-00209-00057111-00057371 on Team Armageddon robot robot he was
XHFg-xkkAw8-00210-00057372-00057521 overcome all difficulties particular
XHFg-xkkAw8-00211-00057522-00057667 commodity
XHFg-xkkAw8-00212-00057669-00057907 maybe with your competitive event
XHFg-xkkAw8-00213-00057908-00058254 imagine electric pencil sad so we want
XHFg-xkkAw8-00214-00058254-00058592 to compete you also get the recommended
XHFg-xkkAw8-00215-00058594-00058884 team is so we want to be able to we want
XHFg-xkkAw8-00216-00058885-00059037 to basic to move people from being
XHFg-xkkAw8-00217-00059038-00059313 Spencer to move that the becoming a
XHFg-xkkAw8-00218-00059314-00059625 state word but it doesn't stop years we
XHFg-xkkAw8-00219-00059626-00059799 ultimately wanted to move to become an
XHFg-xkkAw8-00220-00059800-00060113 investor entrepreneurial its best thing
XHFg-xkkAw8-00221-00060114-00060441 but instruments you go find 101 people
XHFg-xkkAw8-00222-00060441-00060638 positive related program then I would
XHFg-xkkAw8-00223-00060639-00060849 have a new idea and equitable of us or
XHFg-xkkAw8-00224-00060850-00061047 fnr programs by the way former will
XHFg-xkkAw8-00225-00061048-00061301 collapse actually an LFO enjoy our unit
XHFg-xkkAw8-00226-00061302-00061638 on our gonna get on that important
XIgyZprJid8-00000-00000118-00002328 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00001-00002329-00002487 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00002-00002488-00002879 is
XIgyZprJid8-00003-00002880-00004919 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00004-00004920-00005122 um
XIgyZprJid8-00005-00005123-00005399 [Applause]
XIgyZprJid8-00006-00005400-00005917 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00007-00005918-00005986 [Applause]
XIgyZprJid8-00008-00005987-00006179 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00009-00006180-00006472 [Applause]
XIgyZprJid8-00010-00006473-00006687 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00011-00006688-00006869 so
XIgyZprJid8-00012-00006870-00007814 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00013-00007815-00007939 she
XIgyZprJid8-00014-00007940-00009084 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00015-00009085-00009240 [Applause]
XIgyZprJid8-00016-00009241-00009710 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00017-00009711-00010110 is
XIgyZprJid8-00018-00010111-00011179 is
XIgyZprJid8-00019-00011180-00011759 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00020-00011760-00011969 um
XIgyZprJid8-00021-00011970-00013811 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00022-00013812-00013903 [Applause]
XIgyZprJid8-00023-00013904-00014627 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00024-00014628-00015686 [Applause]
XIgyZprJid8-00025-00015687-00016450 oh
XIgyZprJid8-00026-00016451-00017958 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00027-00017959-00018296 sorry
XIgyZprJid8-00028-00018297-00019127 [Music]
XIgyZprJid8-00029-00019128-00019435 hey
XIgyZprJid8-00030-00019436-00019742 [Applause]
XJlbckB14C4-00000-00000296-00000471 it's already been a very good weekend
XJlbckB14C4-00001-00000472-00000782 for a dutch swimmer so can tom deboer
XJlbckB14C4-00002-00000783-00001031 add a gold medal for the netherlands in
XJlbckB14C4-00003-00001032-00001223 the 50 meters freestyle
XJlbckB14C4-00004-00001224-00001447 it's going to take some performance to
XJlbckB14C4-00005-00001448-00001620 beat fratus here
XJlbckB14C4-00006-00001621-00002014 [Music]
XJlbckB14C4-00007-00002016-00002326 straight away
XJlbckB14C4-00008-00002327-00002463 before
XJlbckB14C4-00009-00002464-00002671 just slightly down
XJlbckB14C4-00010-00002672-00002847 not much in it
XJlbckB14C4-00011-00002848-00003102 fractures showing his strength here
XJlbckB14C4-00012-00003103-00003319 on the far side in lane four practice
XJlbckB14C4-00013-00003320-00003454 and devour
XJlbckB14C4-00014-00003455-00003679 practice is gonna get the touch there
XJlbckB14C4-00015-00003679-00003903 ahead of devour
XJlbckB14C4-00016-00003904-00004031 21
XJlbckB14C4-00017-00004032-00004406 49 it's a good time it's outside is now
XJlbckB14C4-00018-00004407-00004663 an awesome record but it is another gold
XJlbckB14C4-00019-00004664-00004895 medal for francis
XJlbckB14C4-00020-00004896-00005121 another gold medal for brazil
XJlbckB14C4-00021-00005122-00005815 [Applause]
XJlbckB14C4-00022-00005816-00006171 what a warm reception
XL7MV5SiAgU-00000-00000053-00000280 on really fontaine French pronunciation
XL7MV5SiAgU-00001-00000281-00000733 la FTN the 22nd of April 1854 to the
XL7MV5SiAgU-00002-00000734-00000994 14th of May 1943 was a Belgian
XL7MV5SiAgU-00003-00000996-00001202 international lawyer and president of
XL7MV5SiAgU-00004-00001203-00001445 the International Peace Bureau he
XL7MV5SiAgU-00005-00001446-00001636 received the Nobel Prize for Peace in
XL7MV5SiAgU-00006-00001637-00001927 1913 because he was the effective leader
XL7MV5SiAgU-00007-00001928-00002449 of the peace movement in Europe
XL7MV5SiAgU-00008-00002450-00002963 topic biography
XL7MV5SiAgU-00009-00002964-00003233 LaFontaine was born in Brussels on the
XL7MV5SiAgU-00010-00003234-00003570 22nd of April 1854 and studied law at
XL7MV5SiAgU-00011-00003571-00003761 the free university of brussels now
XL7MV5SiAgU-00012-00003763-00003960 split into the université libre de
XL7MV5SiAgU-00013-00003961-00004074 brussels and the Vrije Universiteit
XL7MV5SiAgU-00014-00004075-00004409 Brussel he was admitted to the bar in
XL7MV5SiAgU-00015-00004410-00004707 1877 and established a reputation as an
XL7MV5SiAgU-00016-00004708-00004890 authority on international law
XL7MV5SiAgU-00017-00004891-00005163 he and his sister Leonie LaFontaine were
XL7MV5SiAgU-00018-00005164-00005361 early advocates for women's rights and
XL7MV5SiAgU-00019-00005362-00005607 suffrage founding in 1890 the Belgian
XL7MV5SiAgU-00020-00005608-00005919 League for the rights of women in 1893
XL7MV5SiAgU-00021-00005920-00006125 he became professor of international law
XL7MV5SiAgU-00022-00006126-00006350 at the free university of brussels and
XL7MV5SiAgU-00023-00006351-00006509 two years later was elected to the
XL7MV5SiAgU-00024-00006511-00006663 Belgian Senate as a member of the
XL7MV5SiAgU-00025-00006664-00006891 Socialist Party he served as vice
XL7MV5SiAgU-00026-00006892-00007331 chairman of the Senate from 1919 to 1932
XL7MV5SiAgU-00027-00007331-00007566 LaFontaine took an early interest in the
XL7MV5SiAgU-00028-00007567-00007779 International Peace Bureau founded in
XL7MV5SiAgU-00029-00007780-00008055 1882 and was influential in the bureau's
XL7MV5SiAgU-00030-00008056-00008223 efforts to bring about The Hague peace
XL7MV5SiAgU-00031-00008224-00008628 conferences of 1899 and 1907 he served
XL7MV5SiAgU-00032-00008629-00008856 as president of the bureau from 1907
XL7MV5SiAgU-00033-00008857-00009228 until his death in 1943 World War one
XL7MV5SiAgU-00034-00009229-00009402 convinced LaFontaine that the world
XL7MV5SiAgU-00035-00009403-00009597 would establish an international court
XL7MV5SiAgU-00036-00009598-00009867 when peace returned he proposed a number
XL7MV5SiAgU-00037-00009868-00010077 of possible members including Josef
XL7MV5SiAgU-00038-00010078-00010281 Hodges Choate le who route Charles
XL7MV5SiAgU-00039-00010282-00010572 William Elliot and Andrew Dixon white la
XL7MV5SiAgU-00040-00010573-00010767 Fontaine also promoted the idea of
XL7MV5SiAgU-00041-00010768-00010986 unification of the world's pacifist
XL7MV5SiAgU-00042-00010987-00011175 organizations he was a member of the
XL7MV5SiAgU-00043-00011176-00011367 Belgian delegation to the Paris Peace
XL7MV5SiAgU-00044-00011368-00011598 Conference in 1919 and to the League of
XL7MV5SiAgU-00045-00011599-00011967 Nations Assembly 1920-21 in other
XL7MV5SiAgU-00046-00011968-00012201 efforts to foster world peace he founded
XL7MV5SiAgU-00047-00012202-00012399 the center intellectual Mondial later
XL7MV5SiAgU-00048-00012400-00012531 merged into the League of Nations
XL7MV5SiAgU-00049-00012532-00012714 Institute for intellectual cooperation
XL7MV5SiAgU-00050-00012715-00012977 and proposed such organizations as a
XL7MV5SiAgU-00051-00012978-00013194 world school in University and a world
XL7MV5SiAgU-00052-00013194-00013547 Parliament in 1907 with paul otlet he
XL7MV5SiAgU-00053-00013548-00013710 founded the union of international
XL7MV5SiAgU-00054-00013711-00013974 associations he also is the co-founder
XL7MV5SiAgU-00055-00013975-00014169 of Institute international de
XL7MV5SiAgU-00056-00014169-00014363 bibliography which later became the
XL7MV5SiAgU-00057-00014365-00014580 International Federation for information
XL7MV5SiAgU-00058-00014581-00014799 and documentation fid along with paul
XL7MV5SiAgU-00059-00014800-00015060 otlet it was in this role that he and
XL7MV5SiAgU-00060-00015061-00015246 outlet attended the World Congress of
XL7MV5SiAgU-00061-00015247-00015572 Universal documentation in 1937 unreal
XL7MV5SiAgU-00062-00015573-00015786 upon tain was a freemason and a member
XL7MV5SiAgU-00063-00015787-00016002 of the lodge les ami fillin throats in
XL7MV5SiAgU-00064-00016003-00016263 Brussels he died on the 14th of
XL7MV5SiAgU-00065-00016263-00016805 may 1943 in Brussels
XL7MV5SiAgU-00066-00016806-00017249 topic works
XL7MV5SiAgU-00067-00017250-00017498 unreal Fontaine was the author of a
XL7MV5SiAgU-00068-00017499-00017666 number of legal handbooks in a
XL7MV5SiAgU-00069-00017667-00017864 documentary history of international
XL7MV5SiAgU-00070-00017865-00018215 arbitration les droits at de obligations
XL7MV5SiAgU-00071-00018216-00018430 day entrepreneurs did travaux publics
XL7MV5SiAgU-00072-00018431-00018943 1885 traité de lutte contre fat con 1888
XL7MV5SiAgU-00073-00018944-00019354 puzzie cracy internationale 1902
XL7MV5SiAgU-00074-00019355-00019633 bibliography de la Paix at del arbitrage
XL7MV5SiAgU-00075-00019634-00019907 1904 he was also founder of the review
XL7MV5SiAgU-00076-00019908-00020401 la vie internationale
XL7MV5SiAgU-00077-00020402-00020847 topic see also
XL7MV5SiAgU-00078-00020848-00021358 list of peace activists
XL7MV5SiAgU-00079-00021359-00021863 topic notes
XL7MV5SiAgU-00080-00021864-00022594 topic references rinds George Edwin ed
XL7MV5SiAgU-00081-00022595-00023063 1920 la fontaine onry encyclopedia
XL7MV5SiAgU-00082-00023064-00023144 Americana
XL7MV5SiAgU-00083-00023145-00023612 list of jobs
XL7MV5SiAgU-00084-00023613-00024097 topic external links
XL7MV5SiAgU-00085-00024098-00024301 Nobel Committee information on
XL7MV5SiAgU-00086-00024302-00024793 LaFontaine WWN Nobel - winners comm
XL7MV5SiAgU-00087-00024794-00025024 information about unreal Fontaine the
XL7MV5SiAgU-00088-00025025-00025243 above Wikipedia article or an earlier
XL7MV5SiAgU-00089-00025244-00025447 version of it is based on text from this
XL7MV5SiAgU-00090-00025448-00025715 source which is licensed under the gfdl
XL7MV5SiAgU-00091-00025716-00026014 works by or about unreal Afon tay ninh
XL7MV5SiAgU-00092-00026014-00026258 library's WorldCat catalog
XL7MV5SiAgU-00093-00026260-00026611 LaFontaine on re Colliers new
XL7MV5SiAgU-00094-00026612-00026736 encyclopedia
XL7MV5SiAgU-00095-00026737-00026949 1921
XL7MV5SiAgU-00096-00026950-00027174 history of the union of international
XL7MV5SiAgU-00097-00027175-00027456 associations
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XOWKW0hS1Yo-00019-00005109-00005459 [Music]
XTjtwr_YiK0-00000-00000089-00000478 hey so um we were riding like through
XTjtwr_YiK0-00001-00000479-00000614 the neighborhood to over to Dylan's
XTjtwr_YiK0-00002-00000615-00000841 house and we started to go on the corner
XTjtwr_YiK0-00003-00000842-00001154 and he slams this much trash can I'm out
XTjtwr_YiK0-00004-00001155-00001518 homeschooled kid clogs
XTjtwr_YiK0-00005-00001519-00001763 okay guys y'all know I got the sweetest
XTjtwr_YiK0-00006-00001764-00001955 skateboard around right but did you know
XTjtwr_YiK0-00007-00001955-00002110 I also the sweetest office chair around
XTjtwr_YiK0-00008-00002111-00002377 no you didn't but now you do and we got
XTjtwr_YiK0-00009-00002378-00002456 an office chair
XTjtwr_YiK0-00010-00002457-00002650 we got a skateboard and the saddest
XTjtwr_YiK0-00011-00002651-00003204 friend ever they've made that face of me
XTjtwr_YiK0-00012-00003205-00003458 let's let's have some fun guys
XTjtwr_YiK0-00013-00003459-00003608 it can't just be like another normal
XTjtwr_YiK0-00014-00003609-00003788 pulling someone on a skateboard day
XTjtwr_YiK0-00015-00003789-00004097 that's my video by the way he's to
XTjtwr_YiK0-00016-00004098-00004331 normal in tune cuz that's normal to pull
XTjtwr_YiK0-00017-00004332-00004466 so I know right skateboard him enough
XTjtwr_YiK0-00018-00004467-00004636 this is just - no no guys guys guys
XTjtwr_YiK0-00019-00004637-00004838 we're gonna do trick shots from an
XTjtwr_YiK0-00020-00004839-00004970 office chair that's pulled by an
XTjtwr_YiK0-00021-00004971-00005281 automatic skateboard with a jump rope I
XTjtwr_YiK0-00022-00005282-00006093 can like straight you bummed it off yeah
XTjtwr_YiK0-00023-00006094-00006302 [Music]
XTjtwr_YiK0-00024-00006303-00006860 Oh almost there how are you thinking
XTjtwr_YiK0-00025-00006861-00007034 towards the bottom when my hand wasn't
XTjtwr_YiK0-00026-00007036-00007760 so it hit my knee we come on be a great
XTjtwr_YiK0-00027-00007761-00007926 video there'll be a great video
XTjtwr_YiK0-00028-00007927-00008760 basically tennis do that you are gonna
XTjtwr_YiK0-00029-00008761-00009124 ride 20 miles an hour straight this
XTjtwr_YiK0-00030-00009125-00009423 guy's this is the bounce off kickball
XTjtwr_YiK0-00031-00009424-00009660 basketball trick shots skateboard
XTjtwr_YiK0-00032-00009661-00009771 thingamabob or [__]
XTjtwr_YiK0-00033-00009772-00009915 let's do it
XTjtwr_YiK0-00034-00009916-00011610 [Music]
XTjtwr_YiK0-00035-00011611-00011973 we imagined we got that first try
XTjtwr_YiK0-00036-00011974-00013101 imagine
XTjtwr_YiK0-00037-00013102-00013335 we I get stressed out when you come to
XTjtwr_YiK0-00038-00013336-00014543 be 20 miles an hour the ball oh gosh
XTjtwr_YiK0-00039-00014544-00015269 [Music]
XTjtwr_YiK0-00040-00015270-00015958 you didn't prepare me for that oh let's
XTjtwr_YiK0-00041-00015959-00016458 hope this goes in this time oh my gosh I
XTjtwr_YiK0-00042-00016459-00016611 feel like I know I do pretty much has
XTjtwr_YiK0-00043-00016612-00016764 those big celebrations after they can
XTjtwr_YiK0-00044-00016765-00016830 make a trickshot
XTjtwr_YiK0-00045-00016831-00017899 oh it's counting yeah alright guys
XTjtwr_YiK0-00046-00017900-00018036 that's the video think now I'm kidding
XTjtwr_YiK0-00047-00018037-00018193 I'm kidding but that took us 40 minutes
XTjtwr_YiK0-00048-00018194-00018391 to make that trickshot once it stopped
XTjtwr_YiK0-00049-00018392-00018628 recording we didn't use a skateboard but
XTjtwr_YiK0-00050-00018629-00018837 you know what it's fine because we
XTjtwr_YiK0-00051-00018838-00019017 pretend trying to do that
XTjtwr_YiK0-00052-00019018-00019474 guys this is Dylan's video yeah behind
XTjtwr_YiK0-00053-00019475-00019699 oh crap but if you want to see the whole
XTjtwr_YiK0-00054-00019700-00019851 thing you gotta go to his channel
XTjtwr_YiK0-00055-00019852-00020593 you got it slam into a truck it was at
XTjtwr_YiK0-00056-00020594-00022426 this moment he messed up crap I'm gonna
XTjtwr_YiK0-00057-00022427-00022621 see this and be like what the heck Jesus
XTjtwr_YiK0-00058-00022622-00022771 think this is a hilarious story she's
XTjtwr_YiK0-00059-00022772-00023047 gonna be like you guys the kids looked
XTjtwr_YiK0-00060-00023048-00023323 at the trashcan saw it wasn't broken and
XTjtwr_YiK0-00061-00023324-00023716 decided they should leave soon as a
XTjtwr_YiK0-00062-00023717-00025628 trash but then Kody saw the crack did oh
XTjtwr_YiK0-00063-00025629-00026019 hey so um we were riding like through
XTjtwr_YiK0-00064-00026020-00026158 the neighborhood to over til Dylan's
XTjtwr_YiK0-00065-00026158-00026386 house and we started to go on the corner
XTjtwr_YiK0-00066-00026387-00027010 and he slammed this much trash can and
XTjtwr_YiK0-00067-00027011-00027273 it's got a big crack down the side and
XTjtwr_YiK0-00068-00027274-00027514 okay so here's the thing is I don't I
XTjtwr_YiK0-00069-00027514-00027552 don't
XTjtwr_YiK0-00070-00027554-00027789 and yeah that's the thing we don't know
XTjtwr_YiK0-00071-00027791-00027943 if it was there before or not so I went
XTjtwr_YiK0-00072-00027944-00028063 and knocked on their door and rang the
XTjtwr_YiK0-00073-00028064-00028168 doorbell try and ask him but I don't
XTjtwr_YiK0-00074-00028169-00028336 think they're home and I don't just want
XTjtwr_YiK0-00075-00028337-00028483 them to come home and see their trashcan
XTjtwr_YiK0-00076-00028483-00028614 broke and I want to deal with it and pay
XTjtwr_YiK0-00077-00028616-00028936 for it whatever but I don't know what's
XTjtwr_YiK0-00078-00028937-00030208 the best way to like they I well like
XTjtwr_YiK0-00079-00030208-00030379 yeah I mean it was my fault yeah it's
XTjtwr_YiK0-00080-00030380-00030525 kind of my fault - I didn't steer right
XTjtwr_YiK0-00081-00030526-00030821 it was just it was yeah it's just like
XTjtwr_YiK0-00082-00030822-00031045 we ran into it there's a huge crack down
XTjtwr_YiK0-00083-00031045-00031158 the side we don't know if it was us or
XTjtwr_YiK0-00084-00031160-00031207 not
XTjtwr_YiK0-00085-00031208-00031486 but it could have been there but I doubt
XTjtwr_YiK0-00086-00031487-00031602 somebody's house a huge crack on the
XTjtwr_YiK0-00087-00031604-00031792 side of the trashcan so I just I just
XTjtwr_YiK0-00088-00031793-00031918 want to know and I don't want to just
XTjtwr_YiK0-00089-00031919-00032227 leave them to come home to a track crash
XTjtwr_YiK0-00090-00032227-00032404 trash can and have to pay for it
XTjtwr_YiK0-00091-00032405-00032545 themselves and I don't even know how do
XTjtwr_YiK0-00092-00032545-00032783 you get deep is that expensive
XTjtwr_YiK0-00093-00032784-00033110 I have no it's not I don't know because
XTjtwr_YiK0-00094-00033111-00033562 it's not the person's property like okay
XTjtwr_YiK0-00095-00033563-00033704 so I can be like we have to deal with
XTjtwr_YiK0-00096-00033705-00034420 who the company I don't know all right
XTjtwr_YiK0-00097-00034421-00035189 okay I didn't do that trash can I
XTjtwr_YiK0-00098-00035190-00035342 noticed there's a big crack down the
XTjtwr_YiK0-00099-00035343-00036506 side and I just wanted to yeah then off
XTjtwr_YiK0-00100-00036507-00037290 to the door and stuff like is so funny
XTjtwr_YiK0-00101-00037291-00037700 here there's no way fall on the ground
XTjtwr_YiK0-00102-00037701-00037846 did that
XTjtwr_YiK0-00103-00037847-00038924 [Music]
XTjtwr_YiK0-00104-00038925-00039146 so guys it turned out to the trash game
XTjtwr_YiK0-00105-00039147-00039285 was already broken so it wasn't her
XTjtwr_YiK0-00106-00039286-00039780 fault great it is that was sketchy
XTjtwr_YiK0-00107-00039781-00040052 we just slave to the future trash be
XTjtwr_YiK0-00108-00040053-00040230 there you recorded it for your vlog and
XTjtwr_YiK0-00109-00040231-00040586 I've credit for mind oh dude
XTjtwr_YiK0-00110-00040587-00041021 like it just hit me what if that guy was
XTjtwr_YiK0-00111-00041022-00041277 a lot more upset about it never you
XTjtwr_YiK0-00112-00041278-00041583 better block love God love people and
XTjtwr_YiK0-00113-00041584-00042666 Davos people just know
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00000-00000049-00000447 Thomas Francis Tom Eagleton September
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00001-00000448-00000867 4th 1929 to March 4th 2007 was a United
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00002-00000868-00001068 States Senator from Missouri serving
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00003-00001069-00001458 from 1968 to 1987 he is best remembered
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00004-00001459-00001685 for briefly being the Democratic vice
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00005-00001686-00001863 presidential nominee under George
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00006-00001864-00002216 McGovern in 1972 he suffered from bouts
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00007-00002217-00002372 of depression throughout his life
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00008-00002373-00002573 resulting in several hospitalizations
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00009-00002574-00002764 which were kept secret from the public
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00010-00002765-00003035 when they were revealed it humiliated
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00011-00003036-00003228 the McGovern campaign and Eagleton was
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00012-00003229-00003495 forced to quit the race he later became
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00013-00003496-00003702 adjunct professor of public affairs at
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00014-00003703-00004434 Washington University in st. Louis
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00015-00004435-00005068 topic early life in political career
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00016-00005069-00005378 Eagleton was born in st. Louis Missouri
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00017-00005379-00005636 the son of Zita Louise Swanson and Mark
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00018-00005637-00005858 David Eagleton a politician who had run
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00019-00005859-00006128 for mayor his paternal grandparents were
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00020-00006129-00006320 Irish immigrants and his mother had
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00021-00006321-00006545 Swedish Irish French and Austrian
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00022-00006545-00006781 ancestry he graduated from st. Louis
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00023-00006783-00006989 Country Day School served in the US Navy
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00024-00006990-00007226 for two years and graduated from Amherst
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00025-00007227-00007502 College in 1950 where he was a member of
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00026-00007503-00007727 Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity Sigma
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00027-00007728-00008003 chapter he then attended Harvard Law
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00028-00008004-00008348 School following his graduation in 1953
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00029-00008349-00008555 Eagleton practiced lied his father's
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00030-00008556-00008746 firm and later became associated with
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00031-00008747-00008954 anheuser-busch's legal department
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00032-00008955-00009167 Eagleton married Barbara and Smith of
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00033-00009168-00009623 st. Louis on January 26 1956 a son
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00034-00009624-00009923 Terrence was born in 1959 and a daughter
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00035-00009924-00010355 Kristin was born in 1963 he was elected
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00036-00010356-00010538 circuit attorney of the city of st.
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00037-00010539-00010910 Louis in 1956 during his tenure he
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00038-00010911-00011078 appeared on the TV show What's My Line
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00039-00011079-00011485 episode number 355 as District Attorney
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00040-00011486-00011798 of st. Louis he stumped the panel he was
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00041-00011799-00011990 elected Missouri Attorney General in
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00042-00011991-00012296 1960 at the age of 31 the youngest in
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00043-00012297-00012530 the state's history he was elected the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00044-00012531-00012784 38th lieutenant governor of Missouri in
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00045-00012785-00013151 1964 and won a US Senate seat in 1968
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00046-00013152-00013397 unseating incumbent Edward v long in the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00047-00013397-00013565 Democratic primary and narrowly
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00048-00013566-00013799 defeating congressman Thomas B Curtis in
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00049-00013800-00014084 the general election he was also known
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00050-00014085-00014297 to have suffered from depression between
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00051-00014297-00014638 1960 and 1966 Eagleton checked himself
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00052-00014640-00014849 into the hospital three times for
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00053-00014850-00015002 physical and nervous exhaustion
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00054-00015003-00015227 receiving electroconvulsive therapy
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00055-00015228-00015533 shock therapy twice he later received a
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00056-00015534-00015769 diagnosis of bipolar 2 from dr.
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00057-00015770-00015983 Frederick K Goodwin the hospitalizations
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00058-00015984-00016226 which were not widely publicized had
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00059-00016227-00016346 little effect on his political
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00060-00016347-00016463 aspirations
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00061-00016464-00016673 although the st. Louis post-dispatch was
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00062-00016674-00016969 to note in 1972 immediately after his
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00063-00016970-00017177 vice presidential nomination he had been
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00064-00017178-00017383 troubled with gastric disturbances which
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00065-00017384-00017669 led to occasional hospitalizations the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00066-00017670-00017849 stomach troubles have contributed to
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00067-00017850-00018184 rumors that he had a drinking problem
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00068-00018185-00018533 you
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00069-00018534-00019262 topic 1972 presidential campaign
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00070-00019263-00019617 you
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00071-00019618-00020395 topic amnesty abortion an acid
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00072-00020396-00020809 on April 25th 1972 George McGovern won
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00073-00020810-00021040 the Massachusetts Democratic primary and
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00074-00021041-00021229 conservative journalist Robert Novak
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00075-00021230-00021454 phoned Democratic politicians around the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00076-00021455-00021940 country on April 27 1972 Novak reported
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00077-00021941-00022129 in a column his conversation with an
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00078-00022130-00022309 unnamed Democratic senator about
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00079-00022310-00022522 McGovern Novak quoted the senator as
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00080-00022523-00022762 saying the people don't know McGovern as
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00081-00022763-00023047 for amnesty abortion and legalization of
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00082-00023048-00023434 pot once Middle America Catholic middle
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00083-00023435-00023743 America in particular finds this out
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00084-00023744-00024070 he's dead because of the column McGovern
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00085-00024071-00024313 became known as the candidate of amnesty
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00086-00024314-00024802 abortion an acid on July 15 2007 several
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00087-00024803-00025033 months after Eagleton's death Novak said
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00088-00025034-00025183 on Meet the Press that the unnamed
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00089-00025184-00025483 senator was Eagleton Novak was accused
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00090-00025484-00025789 in 1972 of manufacturing the quote but
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00091-00025789-00025981 stated that to rebut the criticism he
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00092-00025982-00026137 took Eagleton to lunch after the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00093-00026138-00026302 campaign and asked whether he could
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00094-00026302-00026502 identify him as the source the senator
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00095-00026504-00026725 refused though he had to run for
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00096-00026726-00027045 re-election said Novak the McGovern i'ts
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00097-00027047-00027232 would kill him if they knew he had said
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00098-00027233-00027570 that political analyst Bob Shrum says
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00099-00027572-00027714 that Eagleton would never have been
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00100-00027716-00027907 selected as McGovern's running mate if
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00101-00027908-00028045 it had been known at the time that
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00102-00028045-00028258 Eagleton was the source of the quote boy
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00103-00028258-00028447 do I wish he would have let you publish
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00104-00028448-00028729 his name then he never would have been
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00105-00028730-00028999 picked as vice president said Shrum
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00106-00029000-00029206 because the two things the two things
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00107-00029207-00029439 that happened to George McGovern two of
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00108-00029441-00029632 the things that happened to him were the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00109-00029633-00029827 label you put on him number one and
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00110-00029827-00030120 number two the Eagleton disaster we had
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00111-00030122-00030304 a messy convention but he could have I
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00112-00030305-00030475 think in the end carried eight or ten
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00113-00030476-00030702 states remained politically viable and
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00114-00030702-00030919 Eagleton was one of the great train
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00115-00030920-00031494 wrecks of all time
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00116-00031495-00031788 topic selection as vice-presidential
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00117-00031789-00032189 candidate
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00118-00032189-00032498 in 1972 Richard Nixon appeared
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00119-00032499-00032702 unbeatable when McGovern won the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00120-00032702-00032863 Democratic nomination for president
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00121-00032864-00033077 virtually all of the high profile
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00122-00033078-00033320 Democrats including Ted Kennedy Walter
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00123-00033321-00033533 Mondale Hubert Humphrey Edmund muskie
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00124-00033534-00033638 and Birch Bayh
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00125-00033639-00033859 turned down offers to run on the ticket
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00126-00033860-00034106 McGovern had been convinced that Kennedy
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00127-00034107-00034322 would join the ticket Kennedy ended up
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00128-00034323-00034589 refusing McGovern campaign manager Gary
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00129-00034590-00034826 Hart suggested boston Mayor Kevin white
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00130-00034827-00035072 McGovern called white and received an
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00131-00035073-00035342 emphatic yes but the leader of the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00132-00035343-00035567 Massachusetts delegation Ken Galbraith
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00133-00035568-00035771 said the Massachusetts delegation would
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00134-00035772-00035951 walk out if the announcement was made to
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00135-00035952-00036131 the convention that McGovern had chosen
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00136-00036132-00036353 white as his vice presidential candidate
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00137-00036354-00036524 as white had backed muskie during the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00138-00036525-00036812 Massachusetts primary Massachusetts
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00139-00036813-00037016 ended up being the only state along with
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00140-00037017-00037205 the District of Columbia that McGovern
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00141-00037206-00037394 would carry in the electoral college on
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00142-00037395-00037501 election day
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00143-00037502-00037757 McGovern then asked senator Gaylord
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00144-00037758-00037904 Nelson to be his running mate
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00145-00037905-00038153 Nelson declined but suggested Tom
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00146-00038154-00038366 Eagleton whom McGovern ultimately chose
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00147-00038367-00038563 with only a minimal background check
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00148-00038564-00038819 Eagleton made no mention of his earlier
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00149-00038820-00039038 hospitalizations and in fact decided
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00150-00039039-00039212 with his wife to keep them secret from
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00151-00039213-00039374 McGovern while he was flying to his
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00152-00039375-00039536 first meeting with the presidential
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00153-00039537-00040064 nominee
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00154-00040065-00040618 topic replacement on the ticket
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00155-00040619-00040896 mcgovern said he would back Eagleton
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00156-00040897-00041046 1,000%
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00157-00041047-00041272 subsequently McGovern consulted
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00158-00041273-00041434 confidentially with preeminent
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00159-00041435-00041644 psychiatrists including Eagleton zone
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00160-00041645-00041800 doctors who advised him that a
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00161-00041801-00041983 recurrence of Eagleton's depression was
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00162-00041984-00042172 possible and could endanger the country
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00163-00042173-00042348 should Eagleton become president on
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00164-00042349-00042607 August first 19 days after being
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00165-00042608-00042790 nominated Eagleton withdrew at
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00166-00042791-00042976 McGovern's request and after a new
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00167-00042977-00043156 search by McGovern was replaced by
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00168-00043157-00043390 Kennedy in law Sargent Shriver a Time
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00169-00043391-00043585 magazine poll taken at the time found
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00170-00043586-00043834 that 77% of the respondents set
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00171-00043835-00044044 Eagleton's medical record would not
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00172-00044045-00044332 affect their vote nonetheless the press
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00173-00044333-00044524 made frequent references to his shock
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00174-00044525-00044716 therapy and McGovern feared that this
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00175-00044717-00044920 would detract from his campaign platform
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00176-00044921-00045115 the governs failure to properly vet
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00177-00045116-00045307 Eagleton and his subsequent handling of
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00178-00045308-00045484 the controversy gave occasion for the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00179-00045485-00045658 Republican campaign to raise serious
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00180-00045659-00045913 questions about his judgment in the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00181-00045914-00046108 general election the Democratic ticket
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00182-00046109-00046321 won only Massachusetts in the District
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00183-00046322-00046886 of Columbia
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00184-00046887-00047451 topic re-election to Senate
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00185-00047452-00047699 Missouri returned Eagleton to the Senate
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00186-00047700-00048060 in 1974 he won 60% of the popular vote
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00187-00048061-00048279 against Thomas B Curtis who had been his
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00188-00048280-00048648 opponent in 1968 in 1980 he was
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00189-00048649-00048855 reelected by a closer than expected
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00190-00048856-00049083 margin over st. Louis County Executive
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00191-00049084-00049427 Jean McNary during the 1980 election
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00192-00049428-00049620 Eagleton's niece Elizabeth Eagleton
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00193-00049621-00049824 Wiegand and lawyer Stephenville oomiak
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00194-00049825-00050015 were arrested for blackmail after they
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00195-00050016-00050202 threatened to spread false accusations
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00196-00050203-00050360 that Eagleton was bisexual
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00197-00050361-00050592 Eagleton told reporters that the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00198-00050593-00050771 extorted money was to be turned over to
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00199-00050772-00051054 the Church of Scientology polluting the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00200-00051055-00051254 akan Wiegand appealed the conviction all
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00201-00051255-00051474 the way to the US Supreme Court arguing
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00202-00051475-00051614 that they could not have gotten a fair
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00203-00051615-00051807 trial because of the massive publicity
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00204-00051808-00052067 surrounding this case coupled with the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00205-00052069-00052275 preexisting sentiment in favor of
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00206-00052276-00052596 Senator Eagleton the court turned down
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00207-00052597-00052878 the appeal Eagleton did not seek a
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00208-00052879-00053190 fourth term in 1986 he was succeeded by
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00209-00053191-00053436 former Republican governor kit bond who
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00210-00053437-00053724 served four terms the seat is now held
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00211-00053725-00054344 by Republican Roy Blunt
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00212-00054345-00054879 topic Senate career
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00213-00054880-00055111 in the Senate Eagleton was active in
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00214-00055112-00055297 matters dealing with foreign relations
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00215-00055298-00055570 intelligence defense education health
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00216-00055571-00055801 care and the environment he was
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00217-00055802-00055996 instrumental to the Senate's passage of
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00218-00055997-00056140 the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00219-00056141-00056338 Act and sponsored the amendment that
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00220-00056339-00056524 halted the bombing in Cambodia and
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00221-00056525-00056701 effectively ended American involvement
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00222-00056702-00056871 in the Vietnam War
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00223-00056872-00057105 Eagleton was one of the authors of the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00224-00057107-00057310 hatch Eagleton amendment introduced in
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00225-00057311-00057649 the Senate on January 26 1983 with Sen
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00226-00057650-00057997 Orrin Hatch R which stated that a right
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00227-00057998-00058215 to abortion as not secured by this
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00228-00058216-00058834 Constitution
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00229-00058835-00059411 topic post Senate career
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00230-00059412-00059749 in 1987 Eagleton returned to Missouri as
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00231-00059750-00059954 an attorney political commentator and
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00232-00059954-00060169 professor at Washington University in
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00233-00060170-00060361 st. Louis where until his death he was
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00234-00060362-00060631 professor of Public Affairs throughout
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00235-00060632-00060823 his Washington University career
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00236-00060824-00060967 Eagleton taught courses in economics
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00237-00060968-00061196 with former chairman of the Council of
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00238-00061197-00061432 Economic Advisers Murray Wyden Bauman
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00239-00061433-00061634 with history professor Henry Berger on
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00240-00061635-00061898 the Vietnam War Eagleton selected
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00241-00061899-00062060 research assistants from among his
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00242-00062061-00062516 students on July 23rd 1996 Eagleton
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00243-00062516-00062725 delivered a warm introductory speech for
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00244-00062726-00062899 McGovern during a promotional tour for
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00245-00062900-00063130 McGovern's book Terry my daughter's life
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00246-00063131-00063329 and death struggle with alcoholism at
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00247-00063329-00063544 the library limited in st. Louis
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00248-00063545-00063844 Missouri at that time McGovern spoke
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00249-00063845-00064046 favorably about Eagleton and reminisced
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00250-00064047-00064216 about their short-lived presidential
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00251-00064217-00064567 ticket in 1972 during the 2000s Eagleton
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00252-00064568-00064754 served on the council of elders for the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00253-00064754-00064961 George and Eleanor McGovern Center for
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00254-00064962-00065155 leadership and public service at Dakota
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00255-00065156-00065488 Wesleyan University in January 2001 he
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00256-00065489-00065656 joined other Missouri Democrats to
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00257-00065657-00065854 oppose the nomination of former governor
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00258-00065855-00066071 and Senator John Ashcroft for United
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00259-00066072-00066196 States Attorney General
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00260-00066197-00066440 Eagleton was quoted in the official
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00261-00066441-00066679 Judiciary Committee record John Danforth
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00262-00066680-00066943 would have been my first choice John
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00263-00066944-00067160 Ashcroft would have been my last choice
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00264-00067161-00067571 in 2005 in 2006 he Co taught a seminar
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00265-00067572-00067835 on the US presidency in the Constitution
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00266-00067836-00068009 with Joel Goldstein at st. Louis
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00267-00068010-00068293 University School of Law he was also a
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00268-00068294-00068479 partner in the st. Louis law firm
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00269-00068480-00068654 Thompson Coburn and was a chief
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00270-00068655-00068863 negotiator for a coalition of local
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00271-00068864-00069031 business interests that lured the Los
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00272-00069032-00069288 Angeles Rams football team to st. Louis
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00273-00069289-00069517 Eagleton authored three books on
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00274-00069518-00069751 politics Eagleton also strongly
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00275-00069752-00069965 supported Democratic Senate candidate
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00276-00069966-00070261 Claire McCaskill in 2006 McCaskill won
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00277-00070262-00070594 defeating incumbent Jim Talent Eagleton
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00278-00070595-00070804 led a group catholics for amendment to
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00279-00070805-00071015 composed of prominent catholics that
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00280-00071016-00071210 challenged church leaders opposition to
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00281-00071211-00071407 embryonic stem-cell research into a
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00282-00071408-00071599 proposed state constitutional amendment
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00283-00071600-00071800 that would have protected such research
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00284-00071801-00072071 in Missouri the group emailed a letter
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00285-00072072-00072296 to fellow Catholics explaining reasons
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00286-00072297-00072524 for supporting amendment to the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00287-00072525-00072716 amendment ensures that any federally
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00288-00072717-00072800 approved stem
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00289-00072801-00072962 cell research and treatments would be
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00290-00072963-00073244 available in Missouri t he led her from
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00291-00073245-00073454 Catholics for amendment to said the
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00292-00073455-00073676 group felt a moral obligation to respond
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00293-00073677-00073874 to what it called misinformation scare
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00294-00073875-00074084 tactics and distortions being spread by
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00295-00074085-00074264 opponents of the initiative including
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00296-00074265-00074827 the church
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00297-00074828-00075286 topic death
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00298-00075287-00075593 Eagleton died in st. Louis on March 4th
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00299-00075594-00075805 2007 of heart and respiratory
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00300-00075806-00076121 complications Eagleton donated his body
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00301-00076122-00076310 to medical science at Washington
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00302-00076311-00076391 University
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00303-00076392-00076619 he wrote a farewell letter to his family
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00304-00076620-00076802 and friends months before he died
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00305-00076803-00076979 citing that his dying wishes were for
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00306-00076980-00077315 people to go forth in love and peace be
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00307-00077316-00078153 kind to dogs and vote Democratic
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00308-00078154-00078717 topic honors and awards
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00309-00078718-00078936 the eighth circuit federal courthouse in
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00310-00078937-00079181 st. Louis is named after Eagleton
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00311-00079182-00079482 dedicated on September 11th mm it is
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00312-00079483-00079733 named the Thomas F Eagleton building
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00313-00079734-00079959 Eagleton has been honored with a star on
XYfG4QeXI2Q-00314-00079960-00080352 the st. Louis Walk of Fame
XZ5y8d0twBU-00000-00000003-00000233 hey everyone my name is Lisa startin off
XZ5y8d0twBU-00001-00000234-00000470 sookie and this week we had two launches
XZ5y8d0twBU-00002-00000471-00000898 this is your launch minute
XZ5y8d0twBU-00003-00000899-00001193 first up we have Iran who launched their
XZ5y8d0twBU-00004-00001194-00001549 simple rocket at about 0 0 30 UTC on
XZ5y8d0twBU-00005-00001550-00002009 Tuesday January 15 it lifted off from
XZ5y8d0twBU-00006-00002010-00002251 the imam khomeini spaceport in northern
XZ5y8d0twBU-00007-00002252-00003770 central part of the country Simorgh is a
XZ5y8d0twBU-00008-00003771-00004076 27 meter tall liquid fuelled three-stage
XZ5y8d0twBU-00009-00004077-00004261 rocket and was heading to a 500
XZ5y8d0twBU-00010-00004262-00005104 kilometer 55 degree inclination orbit
XZ5y8d0twBU-00011-00005105-00005351 [Music]
XZ5y8d0twBU-00012-00005352-00005618 this rocket was carrying 100 kilogram hi
XZ5y8d0twBU-00013-00005619-00005684 MA
XZ5y8d0twBU-00014-00005685-00005867 I made a Kabir earth observation
XZ5y8d0twBU-00015-00005868-00006083 satellite designed to take both black
XZ5y8d0twBU-00016-00006084-00006280 and white and color photographs of Earth
XZ5y8d0twBU-00017-00006281-00006539 however due to a failure in the third
XZ5y8d0twBU-00018-00006540-00006755 stage of the rocket the paler did not
XZ5y8d0twBU-00019-00006756-00007031 reach orbit but next we have Japan
XZ5y8d0twBU-00020-00007031-00007681 launching their epsilon rocket it
XZ5y8d0twBU-00021-00007683-00007988 launched at 0-0 50 UTC on Friday January
XZ5y8d0twBU-00022-00007989-00008213 18th from the beautiful
XZ5y8d0twBU-00023-00008214-00008435 Jinora Space Center in southwestern
XZ5y8d0twBU-00024-00008436-00009302 Japan epsilon is a 26 meter Tolls solid
XZ5y8d0twBU-00025-00009303-00009530 rocket and this launch used a four stage
XZ5y8d0twBU-00026-00009531-00009758 configuration to reach a 500 kilometer
XZ5y8d0twBU-00027-00009759-00010384 orbit at ninety seven point two degrees
XZ5y8d0twBU-00028-00010385-00010652 its primary payload was a roughest one
XZ5y8d0twBU-00029-00010653-00010841 or rapid innovative payload
XZ5y8d0twBU-00030-00010842-00011099 demonstration satellite one testing a
XZ5y8d0twBU-00031-00011100-00011296 bunch of new things including a new thin
XZ5y8d0twBU-00032-00011297-00011603 membrane solar panel a green non-toxic
XZ5y8d0twBU-00033-00011604-00011840 propulsion system a new high-speed
XZ5y8d0twBU-00034-00011841-00012176 expand communication system and more for
XZ5y8d0twBU-00035-00012177-00012388 JAXA the Japanese Space Agency
XZ5y8d0twBU-00036-00012389-00012610 there was also an additional six
XZ5y8d0twBU-00037-00012611-00013177 rideshare payloads onboard
XZ5y8d0twBU-00038-00013178-00013481 Wow first up I just like to say how cool
XZ5y8d0twBU-00039-00013482-00013727 it is that both launches this week are
XZ5y8d0twBU-00040-00013728-00013888 from countries that traditionally don't
XZ5y8d0twBU-00041-00013890-00014108 have high annual launch raids if we look
XZ5y8d0twBU-00042-00014109-00014390 at the stats we've got China the US Iran
XZ5y8d0twBU-00043-00014391-00014660 and Japan at one launch attempt purpose
XZ5y8d0twBU-00044-00014661-00014951 for 2019 and they're all tied leading to
XZ5y8d0twBU-00045-00014952-00015230 a total of four launches from Earth for
XZ5y8d0twBU-00046-00015231-00015632 2019 so far but yes the Iran launch
XZ5y8d0twBU-00047-00015633-00015872 didn't actually reach orbit and actually
XZ5y8d0twBU-00048-00015872-00016091 the similar rocket doesn't have a great
XZ5y8d0twBU-00049-00016091-00016328 history it's actually had two failures
XZ5y8d0twBU-00050-00016329-00016514 out of the three total launch attempts
XZ5y8d0twBU-00051-00016515-00016748 for that rocket the Japanese launched
XZ5y8d0twBU-00052-00016749-00016910 this weight carried six additional
XZ5y8d0twBU-00053-00016911-00017119 rideshare payloads you might be familiar
XZ5y8d0twBU-00054-00017120-00017380 with one of them astro live experiences
XZ5y8d0twBU-00055-00017381-00017627 or al was actually the guest on our
XZ5y8d0twBU-00056-00017628-00017957 space live show for orbit 11:39 and
XZ5y8d0twBU-00057-00017958-00018254 their satellite l1 is going to self
XZ5y8d0twBU-00058-00018255-00018509 maneuver itself to a lower altitude so
XZ5y8d0twBU-00059-00018510-00018695 that by early 2020 it's going to be
XZ5y8d0twBU-00060-00018696-00018857 ready to shoot pellets into the upper
XZ5y8d0twBU-00061-00018858-00019103 atmosphere and create on demand meteor
XZ5y8d0twBU-00062-00019104-00019394 showers and coming up next week we have
XZ5y8d0twBU-00063-00019395-00019598 a delta 4 heavy scheduled for tomorrow
XZ5y8d0twBU-00064-00019599-00020054 at 1905 UTC and an indian PSLV launched
XZ5y8d0twBU-00065-00020055-00020609 on january 24th at 18:08 UTC on the live
XZ5y8d0twBU-00066-00020610-00020804 space show tomorrow we've got the
XZ5y8d0twBU-00067-00020805-00021017 University of Stuttgart small sack
XZ5y8d0twBU-00068-00021018-00021287 Society also known as ke sath who will
XZ5y8d0twBU-00069-00021288-00021491 be talking to us about various projects
XZ5y8d0twBU-00070-00021492-00021626 including their experiment on the
XZ5y8d0twBU-00071-00021627-00021866 International Space Station a robot
XZ5y8d0twBU-00072-00021867-00022076 designed to climb on the outside of
XZ5y8d0twBU-00073-00022077-00022426 rockets and a 3u CubeSat launching in
XZ5y8d0twBU-00074-00022427-00022760 2020 so leave your questions or comments
XZ5y8d0twBU-00075-00022761-00022952 for them in the comments below we might
XZ5y8d0twBU-00076-00022953-00023228 ask it or even better join us tomorrow
XZ5y8d0twBU-00077-00023229-00023552 at 1800 UTC live so you can have your
XZ5y8d0twBU-00078-00023553-00023779 question answered in real time and don't
XZ5y8d0twBU-00079-00023780-00023974 to hit subscribe so that you don't miss
XZ5y8d0twBU-00080-00023975-00024118 the notification of when we're actually
XZ5y8d0twBU-00081-00024119-00024451 going live so until next time keep on
XZ5y8d0twBU-00082-00024452-00024683 discovering
XZ5y8d0twBU-00083-00024684-00025216 [Music]
XZV9zNshoh0-00000-00000335-00000695 hey everybody dr. o this video going to
XZV9zNshoh0-00001-00000696-00000899 talk about the second major secondary
XZV9zNshoh0-00002-00000900-00001054 lymphoid organ and that is your spleen
XZV9zNshoh0-00003-00001055-00001223 so first let's talk about structurally
XZV9zNshoh0-00004-00001224-00001378 where it is as you can see in the image
XZV9zNshoh0-00005-00001379-00001504 there in the center the spleen is right
XZV9zNshoh0-00006-00001505-00001655 under the diaphragm it's actually
XZV9zNshoh0-00007-00001655-00001823 attached to the lateral border of the
XZV9zNshoh0-00008-00001823-00001991 stomach by a little ligament the gastro
XZV9zNshoh0-00009-00001992-00002129 splenic ligament so you can see where it
XZV9zNshoh0-00010-00002130-00002354 sits one thing it's kind of noticeable
XZV9zNshoh0-00011-00002355-00002540 about the spleen is it has a very weak
XZV9zNshoh0-00012-00002541-00002701 capsule around it which makes it a
XZV9zNshoh0-00013-00002702-00002882 fragile organ you hear about people
XZV9zNshoh0-00014-00002883-00003038 getting you know their spleen bursting
XZV9zNshoh0-00015-00003039-00003208 and football injuries car accidents
XZV9zNshoh0-00016-00003209-00003308 those kind of things so it's a pretty
XZV9zNshoh0-00017-00003309-00003485 weak organ compared to some of the other
XZV9zNshoh0-00018-00003486-00003818 ones so basically we're gonna break it
XZV9zNshoh0-00019-00003819-00004063 down into two parts the red pulp and the
XZV9zNshoh0-00020-00004064-00004310 white pulp it's often called the filter
XZV9zNshoh0-00021-00004311-00004484 of the blood because this is where you
XZV9zNshoh0-00022-00004485-00004672 know the red pulp is going to have a ton
XZV9zNshoh0-00023-00004673-00004829 of blood flowing through it and it's
XZV9zNshoh0-00024-00004830-00004976 gonna have all sorts of macrophages
XZV9zNshoh0-00025-00004977-00005177 which are the cells that grab and
XZV9zNshoh0-00026-00005178-00005404 recycle damaged and old red blood cells
XZV9zNshoh0-00027-00005405-00005690 so a huge chunk of the recycling of red
XZV9zNshoh0-00028-00005691-00005897 blood cells is going to occur here in
XZV9zNshoh0-00029-00005898-00006125 the red pulp of the spleen
XZV9zNshoh0-00030-00006126-00006266 now the other key thing about the red
XZV9zNshoh0-00031-00006267-00006461 pulp is there are immune cells here but
XZV9zNshoh0-00032-00006462-00006611 they're primarily the cells that are
XZV9zNshoh0-00033-00006612-00006823 involved in innate immunity or
XZV9zNshoh0-00034-00006825-00007045 nonspecific immunity so while they're
XZV9zNshoh0-00035-00007047-00007226 filtering their blood they are also
XZV9zNshoh0-00036-00007227-00007394 we're looking for blood-borne pathogens
XZV9zNshoh0-00037-00007395-00007541 pathogens that are gonna be right in
XZV9zNshoh0-00038-00007542-00007774 your bloodstream so so there is some
XZV9zNshoh0-00039-00007775-00008027 immunity to the red pulp portion of the
XZV9zNshoh0-00040-00008028-00008234 spleen as well but the white pulp is
XZV9zNshoh0-00041-00008235-00008423 going to be full of all your T cells and
XZV9zNshoh0-00042-00008424-00008591 B cells the cells involved in the
XZV9zNshoh0-00043-00008592-00008795 adaptive immune response the specific
XZV9zNshoh0-00044-00008796-00008960 immune response so what they're going to
XZV9zNshoh0-00045-00008961-00009103 be doing think about the white pulp of
XZV9zNshoh0-00046-00009104-00009344 your spleen as a huge lymph node it has
XZV9zNshoh0-00047-00009345-00009569 the same lymphoid follicles as a lymph
XZV9zNshoh0-00048-00009570-00009742 node does and it's going to be filtering
XZV9zNshoh0-00049-00009743-00009956 things looking at things then mounting
XZV9zNshoh0-00050-00009957-00010114 immune responses from there so the red
XZV9zNshoh0-00051-00010115-00010238 pulp and the white pulp of the spleen
XZV9zNshoh0-00052-00010239-00010399 they're really both involved in immunity
XZV9zNshoh0-00053-00010400-00010592 but primarily when you think of the red
XZV9zNshoh0-00054-00010593-00010817 pulp think of the filtering of blood the
XZV9zNshoh0-00055-00010818-00010978 white pulp think and think of it like a
XZV9zNshoh0-00056-00010979-00011174 huge lymph node where it's going to be
XZV9zNshoh0-00057-00011175-00011392 filtering removing and then mounting
XZV9zNshoh0-00058-00011393-00011596 immune responses to whatever it finds
XZV9zNshoh0-00059-00011597-00011813 from the blood the nice thing about your
XZV9zNshoh0-00060-00011814-00012005 lymphatic system is since lymphatic
XZV9zNshoh0-00061-00012006-00012220 fluid flows a lot more slowly than blood
XZV9zNshoh0-00062-00012221-00012439 it gets a real good look at what's going
XZV9zNshoh0-00063-00012440-00012599 on in there so that's one advantage of
XZV9zNshoh0-00064-00012600-00012824 having these 500 to 600 lymph nodes and
XZV9zNshoh0-00065-00012825-00013049 having the white pulp of the spleen okay
XZV9zNshoh0-00066-00013050-00013190 that's an interruption to this clean I
XZV9zNshoh0-00067-00013191-00013349 hope it helps have a wonderful day be
XZV9zNshoh0-00068-00013350-00013574 blessed
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00000-00000000-00000254 what up guys islamic props here
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00001-00000256-00000503 and i want to show you
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00002-00000504-00000966 how to
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00003-00000967-00001327 make a
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00004-00001328-00001519 gaming system
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00005-00001520-00001718 so what you want to do is
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00006-00001719-00001926 i have multiple accounts you want to go
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00007-00001927-00002223 to add account
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00008-00002224-00002583 and you would go to start new
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00009-00002584-00002855 and you would pick a a bunny
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00010-00002856-00003399 a monkey a wolf a tiger a panda or a fox
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00011-00003400-00003654 i love the fox the best
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00012-00003655-00004070 i'm gonna show you the tutorial too
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00013-00004071-00004263 so i'm just gonna hit next because i
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00014-00004264-00004447 don't really care about that
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00015-00004448-00004719 i just really really like um making a
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00016-00004720-00004815 cups
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00017-00004816-00004919 because
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00018-00004920-00005183 welcome to your new home
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00019-00005184-00005406 because when you
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00020-00005407-00005622 see stuff like that
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00021-00005623-00005967 when you see stuff
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00022-00005968-00006270 well what i'm trying to say is when you
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00023-00006271-00006439 make new accounts
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00024-00006440-00006710 you can get really really good sapphires
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00025-00006711-00006927 and you don't have to spend any money at
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00026-00006928-00007078 all they're free
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00027-00007079-00007263 from earning games
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00028-00007264-00008727 and making new accounts
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00029-00008728-00008967 you can choose and combine lots of
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00030-00008968-00010159 different colors
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00031-00010160-00010367 you can change the shape and color of
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00032-00010368-00010774 your eyes
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00033-00010775-00010983 you can also do patterns you should
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00034-00010984-00011303 create lots of different patterns
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00035-00011304-00011471 i recommend
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00036-00011472-00011687 um
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00037-00011688-00012367 this one only
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00038-00012368-00012583 i think it makes it look cute when it's
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00039-00012584-00013063 all like that
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00040-00013063-00013358 everyone seems to love the new you
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00041-00013359-00014238 how do you feel about it
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00042-00014240-00014879 sorry i'm crazy sometimes
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00043-00014880-00015015 a hundred
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00044-00015016-00015271 gems
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00045-00015272-00015558 how many did you find
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00046-00015559-00015766 and then they would show you to jamal
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00047-00015768-00015855 and
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00048-00015856-00016135 earn games shop for new clothes go to
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00049-00016136-00016383 your den play games
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00050-00016384-00016703 tutorial camp and a free gift
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00051-00016704-00016799 and then
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00052-00016800-00017135 a way to earn sapphires
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00053-00017136-00017958 go to here get your daily spin
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00054-00017959-00018471 yes i love those horses
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00055-00018472-00018839 i love that um yeah accept
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00056-00018840-00019068 and what you would
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00057-00019069-00019471 [Music]
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00058-00019472-00019799 you would do this you would go to your
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00059-00019800-00019967 fox
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00060-00019968-00020103 and
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00061-00020104-00020527 a way to get
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00062-00020528-00020886 you would go to adopt a pets
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00063-00020887-00021207 and then you would go to animals
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00064-00021208-00021567 and then you would go here
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00065-00021568-00021822 and say a doctor pet
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00066-00021823-00021927 but
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00067-00021928-00022150 the way you have to earn sapphires is
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00068-00022151-00022471 they're not easy but you can earn
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00069-00022472-00022911 them from games by completing challenges
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00070-00022912-00023175 and
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00071-00023176-00023407 you can also make friends
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00072-00023408-00023647 except you have to make a account for
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00073-00023648-00023807 that so let me show you how to make it
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00074-00023808-00023942 enough
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00075-00023943-00024167 create free account i'm just gonna do
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00076-00024168-00024799 reggie
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00077-00024800-00025878 sorry guys
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00078-00025879-00027751 sorry guys i can't show you my password
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00079-00027752-00027927 sorry guys i couldn't show you my
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00080-00027927-00028199 password or email
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00081-00028200-00028487 i'm so sorry you just can't see it
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00082-00028488-00029231 because that's private
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00083-00029232-00029383 and
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00084-00029383-00029679 here's this
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00085-00029680-00029846 so yeah
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00086-00029847-00029986 so there's that
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00087-00029987-00030439 [Music]
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00088-00030439-00030623 uh yep
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00089-00030624-00031318 there's that and i also have
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00090-00031319-00031455 stuff like that this is how you would
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00091-00031456-00031702 dress up your pet
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00092-00031703-00031846 and um
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00093-00031847-00032055 sometimes i do play minecraft so if you
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00094-00032056-00032327 can subscribe if you like minecraft
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00095-00032327-00032535 leave a like on this video if you love
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00096-00032536-00032758 minecraft leave a like on this video if
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00097-00032760-00033007 you love this video
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00098-00033008-00033702 leave it down like if you hate it
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00099-00033703-00033783 right
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00100-00033784-00034007 see you next time bye
Xe3AqXvfSbY-00101-00034008-00034303 peace
XesYyw4hOCo-00000-00000017-00000412 foreign
XesYyw4hOCo-00001-00000413-00000684 [Music]
XesYyw4hOCo-00002-00000685-00000994 to another expert inside interview my
XesYyw4hOCo-00003-00000996-00001162 name is John golden from sales pop
XesYyw4hOCo-00004-00001163-00001516 online sales magazine and pipeliner CRM
XesYyw4hOCo-00005-00001517-00001829 joining you as usual from San Diego
XesYyw4hOCo-00006-00001830-00002134 evening dark San Diego tonight and I'm
XesYyw4hOCo-00007-00002135-00002405 delighted to be joined by Rish bandari
XesYyw4hOCo-00008-00002406-00002681 who is all the way in Mumbai India how
XesYyw4hOCo-00009-00002682-00003023 you doing
XesYyw4hOCo-00010-00003024-00003245 thank you and you're of course coming to
XesYyw4hOCo-00011-00003246-00003467 me from the future it's tomorrow where
XesYyw4hOCo-00012-00003468-00003586 you are right
XesYyw4hOCo-00013-00003588-00003827 ah yeah tomorrow early in the morning I
XesYyw4hOCo-00014-00003828-00003922 would say
XesYyw4hOCo-00015-00003923-00004222 yes yes absolutely absolutely and rich
XesYyw4hOCo-00016-00004223-00004475 is the founder and CEO at content beta
XesYyw4hOCo-00017-00004476-00004775 video design audio Studio that's helped
XesYyw4hOCo-00018-00004776-00004979 uh B2B software companies create
XesYyw4hOCo-00019-00004980-00005243 engaging product marketing content to
XesYyw4hOCo-00020-00005244-00005495 successfully Drive engagement marketing
XesYyw4hOCo-00021-00005496-00005741 generate more mqls sign ups and improve
XesYyw4hOCo-00022-00005742-00006088 win rates and and you also um you build
XesYyw4hOCo-00023-00006089-00006334 content data from scratch up to almost a
XesYyw4hOCo-00024-00006335-00006491 million dollars in Revenue during the
XesYyw4hOCo-00025-00006492-00006634 covid lockdowns which is quite
XesYyw4hOCo-00026-00006636-00006809 incredible and what we're going to talk
XesYyw4hOCo-00027-00006809-00007156 about today is your your concept your
XesYyw4hOCo-00028-00007158-00007342 concept how you build that business but
XesYyw4hOCo-00029-00007343-00007709 also your concept of how you engage with
XesYyw4hOCo-00030-00007709-00007913 the market and how you
XesYyw4hOCo-00031-00007914-00008098 um you know would advise other people to
XesYyw4hOCo-00032-00008100-00008255 engage with the market because we're all
XesYyw4hOCo-00033-00008256-00008441 getting bombarded by marketing messages
XesYyw4hOCo-00034-00008442-00008633 and emails and everything coming at us
XesYyw4hOCo-00035-00008634-00008867 all cold calls whatever
XesYyw4hOCo-00036-00008868-00009155 and you got to have a different strategy
XesYyw4hOCo-00037-00009156-00009407 to to cut through the noise so what what
XesYyw4hOCo-00038-00009408-00009760 do you advise people to do
XesYyw4hOCo-00039-00009761-00009983 so I think first thing is called emails
XesYyw4hOCo-00040-00009984-00010289 call calls they still work right just
XesYyw4hOCo-00041-00010290-00010528 that because of the increased frequency
XesYyw4hOCo-00042-00010529-00010817 it becomes quite sometimes annoying and
XesYyw4hOCo-00043-00010818-00011003 you are not sure what state of mind the
XesYyw4hOCo-00044-00011004-00011224 other person is so sometimes it may not
XesYyw4hOCo-00045-00011225-00011501 give you uh the consistently the desired
XesYyw4hOCo-00046-00011502-00011656 results that you had before
XesYyw4hOCo-00047-00011657-00011974 uh what what I've been discovering is
XesYyw4hOCo-00048-00011975-00012323 the huge role of community to to drive
XesYyw4hOCo-00049-00012324-00012592 brand awareness to drive
XesYyw4hOCo-00050-00012593-00012922 um leads from people who are your target
XesYyw4hOCo-00051-00012923-00013175 markets I'm not going to say that you go
XesYyw4hOCo-00052-00013176-00013493 and get active on any Community just see
XesYyw4hOCo-00053-00013494-00013877 where your ICP is hanging out where they
XesYyw4hOCo-00054-00013878-00014080 are talking about their problems where
XesYyw4hOCo-00055-00014081-00014261 they are where they are helping each
XesYyw4hOCo-00056-00014262-00014477 other or maybe probably looking at their
XesYyw4hOCo-00057-00014478-00014705 career goals
XesYyw4hOCo-00058-00014706-00014986 um and I would say just just go there
XesYyw4hOCo-00059-00014987-00015269 and try to help like a genuine wherever
XesYyw4hOCo-00060-00015269-00015455 you could and I'm not not going to say
XesYyw4hOCo-00061-00015456-00015827 that hey always pluck yourself or
XesYyw4hOCo-00062-00015828-00015977 um only help people who you think you
XesYyw4hOCo-00063-00015978-00016211 can get business from but just try to
XesYyw4hOCo-00064-00016212-00016439 genuinely help people notice and if you
XesYyw4hOCo-00065-00016440-00016613 could become that
XesYyw4hOCo-00066-00016614-00017069 um that that prefer uh like a advisor of
XesYyw4hOCo-00067-00017070-00017272 thoughts that thought that hey this is
XesYyw4hOCo-00068-00017273-00017465 this is the guy who I can go if I have
XesYyw4hOCo-00069-00017466-00017693 problem in this area I think that's a
XesYyw4hOCo-00070-00017694-00017825 big deal
XesYyw4hOCo-00071-00017826-00018041 yeah no I I would agree with you I mean
XesYyw4hOCo-00072-00018042-00018215 that trusted advisor role that we've
XesYyw4hOCo-00073-00018216-00018430 always been um looking for I think the
XesYyw4hOCo-00074-00018431-00018586 thing today reaches
XesYyw4hOCo-00075-00018587-00018761 um when you say you know communities
XesYyw4hOCo-00076-00018762-00019007 where people are hanging out I think
XesYyw4hOCo-00077-00019008-00019229 there's a lot more places and different
XesYyw4hOCo-00078-00019230-00019486 places that where they are Today Than
XesYyw4hOCo-00079-00019487-00019703 People realize because people always a
XesYyw4hOCo-00080-00019704-00019858 lot of times when you're talking B2B
XesYyw4hOCo-00081-00019859-00019991 people always think oh well that's just
XesYyw4hOCo-00082-00019992-00020147 you're talking LinkedIn
XesYyw4hOCo-00083-00020148-00020519 but there are plenty of other places too
XesYyw4hOCo-00084-00020520-00020813 yeah I think so originally communities
XesYyw4hOCo-00085-00020814-00021077 and events generally brought like-minded
XesYyw4hOCo-00086-00021078-00021335 people together that was pre-covered but
XesYyw4hOCo-00087-00021336-00021593 but slack and other tools were developed
XesYyw4hOCo-00088-00021594-00021814 over the last five years and
XesYyw4hOCo-00089-00021815-00021989 um covet happened and people started
XesYyw4hOCo-00090-00021990-00022264 working remote and I think uh slack
XesYyw4hOCo-00091-00022265-00022499 Facebook groups are really good source
XesYyw4hOCo-00092-00022500-00022828 reddits they're really good source of
XesYyw4hOCo-00093-00022829-00023080 um communities where you couldn't find
XesYyw4hOCo-00094-00023081-00023321 your target audience
XesYyw4hOCo-00095-00023322-00023500 yeah and that's what I was just saying
XesYyw4hOCo-00096-00023501-00023650 is like you know there's more than than
XesYyw4hOCo-00097-00023651-00023825 you would think out there so it's it's
XesYyw4hOCo-00098-00023826-00023999 up to you to go and figure out where
XesYyw4hOCo-00099-00024000-00024191 where your customers like maybe they are
XesYyw4hOCo-00100-00024192-00024394 maybe they do uh belong in the Reddit
XesYyw4hOCo-00101-00024395-00024550 group and maybe you've never even
XesYyw4hOCo-00102-00024551-00024833 considered Reddit before but there's a a
XesYyw4hOCo-00103-00024834-00024958 great opportunity
XesYyw4hOCo-00104-00024959-00025247 um and Maurice how much do you think the
XesYyw4hOCo-00105-00025248-00025433 covered years I mean because it was
XesYyw4hOCo-00106-00025434-00025606 starting pre-covered when people were
XesYyw4hOCo-00107-00025607-00025858 wanting to kind of re-engage and wanting
XesYyw4hOCo-00108-00025860-00026027 to be more kind of human to human
XesYyw4hOCo-00109-00026027-00026170 contact
XesYyw4hOCo-00110-00026172-00026374 um but obviously the lockdowns really
XesYyw4hOCo-00111-00026375-00026662 sent that into overdrive so do you think
XesYyw4hOCo-00112-00026663-00026824 this is a time when people are actually
XesYyw4hOCo-00113-00026825-00027023 more open to the concept of community
XesYyw4hOCo-00114-00027024-00027527 than perhaps they've been in a while
XesYyw4hOCo-00115-00027527-00027929 um I think so and and one of the reason
XesYyw4hOCo-00116-00027930-00028120 is that people are okay to work remote
XesYyw4hOCo-00117-00028122-00028396 uh you could get the best of the minds I
XesYyw4hOCo-00118-00028397-00028637 mean if you are in San Diego you would
XesYyw4hOCo-00119-00028638-00028811 get people in and around San Diego
XesYyw4hOCo-00120-00028812-00029058 probably from LA to join you in an event
XesYyw4hOCo-00121-00029060-00029296 uh but if you have a remote Community
XesYyw4hOCo-00122-00029297-00029489 you could get somebody from Helsinki
XesYyw4hOCo-00123-00029489-00029645 somebody from Sydney somebody from
XesYyw4hOCo-00124-00029645-00029939 Mumbai to bring their thought of line of
XesYyw4hOCo-00125-00029939-00030196 thought a new Fresh perspective on
XesYyw4hOCo-00126-00030197-00030455 um whatever Community you are in
XesYyw4hOCo-00127-00030456-00030670 yeah no and I think that's really and I
XesYyw4hOCo-00128-00030672-00030773 think that's really important really
XesYyw4hOCo-00129-00030774-00030905 yeah but we actually did a virtual
XesYyw4hOCo-00130-00030906-00031090 customer conference at the beginning of
XesYyw4hOCo-00131-00031091-00031367 this year and it was fantastic uh uh
XesYyw4hOCo-00132-00031368-00031612 actually another company from India um
XesYyw4hOCo-00133-00031613-00031889 zodel was the the uh platform that we
XesYyw4hOCo-00134-00031889-00032099 used was it was fantastic but again all
XesYyw4hOCo-00135-00032100-00032405 all around all around Community but
XesYyw4hOCo-00136-00032406-00032633 obviously um rich as you said if you are
XesYyw4hOCo-00137-00032633-00032861 going to find where you're you're your
XesYyw4hOCo-00138-00032862-00033095 prospects are uh and you're gonna find
XesYyw4hOCo-00139-00033096-00033257 them in their community and discussing
XesYyw4hOCo-00140-00033258-00033533 things then you have to add value there
XesYyw4hOCo-00141-00033534-00033671 you can't just use it you can't just
XesYyw4hOCo-00142-00033672-00033851 kind of parachute into the middle insert
XesYyw4hOCo-00143-00033852-00034001 it's almost like running into the middle
XesYyw4hOCo-00144-00034002-00034139 of an event and throwing your business
XesYyw4hOCo-00145-00034140-00034331 cards at everybody I mean you have to
XesYyw4hOCo-00146-00034332-00034673 you have to engage and and offer some
XesYyw4hOCo-00147-00034674-00034943 help or value before you can start even
XesYyw4hOCo-00148-00034944-00035093 thinking about talking to them about
XesYyw4hOCo-00149-00035094-00035339 what you want to talk about
XesYyw4hOCo-00150-00035340-00035740 uh I think doing sales as a like how an
XesYyw4hOCo-00151-00035741-00035945 HDR does through cold calls and cold
XesYyw4hOCo-00152-00035946-00036161 emails is really literally frowned upon
XesYyw4hOCo-00153-00036162-00036437 I mean you can't DM someone you can't
XesYyw4hOCo-00154-00036438-00036707 ask them that hey look at my website or
XesYyw4hOCo-00155-00036708-00036929 hey book a call with me because people
XesYyw4hOCo-00156-00036930-00037162 are not here to buy something when
XesYyw4hOCo-00157-00037163-00037457 you're a Salesman the national uh your
XesYyw4hOCo-00158-00037458-00037612 your national language is here hallway
XesYyw4hOCo-00159-00037613-00037805 get the person and meeting or how do I
XesYyw4hOCo-00160-00037806-00037996 convert them to a customer but that's
XesYyw4hOCo-00161-00037997-00038218 not what these guys are for
XesYyw4hOCo-00162-00038219-00038435 um and uh all you've got to remember is
XesYyw4hOCo-00163-00038436-00038777 help them with uh their problems if you
XesYyw4hOCo-00164-00038778-00038945 become if you if you help them with
XesYyw4hOCo-00165-00038946-00039101 their problems they'll start having a
XesYyw4hOCo-00166-00039102-00039305 conversation with you one of the cool
XesYyw4hOCo-00167-00039306-00039490 way which we do is try to create
XesYyw4hOCo-00168-00039491-00039671 resources
XesYyw4hOCo-00169-00039672-00039905 um uh we'll give you an example so I'm
XesYyw4hOCo-00170-00039906-00040067 in a community and I see a lot of
XesYyw4hOCo-00171-00040068-00040318 product marketers and product marketers
XesYyw4hOCo-00172-00040319-00040565 will say hey I am looking for what are
XesYyw4hOCo-00173-00040566-00040751 their templates for battle cards how do
XesYyw4hOCo-00174-00040752-00040979 you write video scripts or if I want to
XesYyw4hOCo-00175-00040980-00041255 run ad campaign so does it have battle
XesYyw4hOCo-00176-00041256-00041435 card do you have templates for video
XesYyw4hOCo-00177-00041436-00041729 script what kind of assets do I need for
XesYyw4hOCo-00178-00041730-00041999 my product launch now if you if you hear
XesYyw4hOCo-00179-00042000-00042329 this problem consistently we create a
XesYyw4hOCo-00180-00042330-00042599 resource a resources like curation of
XesYyw4hOCo-00181-00042600-00042802 multiple data sources probably something
XesYyw4hOCo-00182-00042803-00043037 from our internal so we do video scripts
XesYyw4hOCo-00183-00043038-00043252 and we have close to 200 video steps
XesYyw4hOCo-00184-00043253-00043451 where we have put down hey this is a
XesYyw4hOCo-00185-00043452-00043667 good way to have CTA this good way to
XesYyw4hOCo-00186-00043668-00043901 introduce the company and if you give
XesYyw4hOCo-00187-00043902-00044080 them resources they would feel that hey
XesYyw4hOCo-00188-00044081-00044339 this is this content is enabling me it's
XesYyw4hOCo-00189-00044340-00044452 not like
XesYyw4hOCo-00190-00044453-00044645 um your 10 year old blog where you have
XesYyw4hOCo-00191-00044646-00044873 have this clickbaity 10 things to do in
XesYyw4hOCo-00192-00044874-00045118 video script but more more valuable
XesYyw4hOCo-00193-00045119-00045317 something which you would use yourself
XesYyw4hOCo-00194-00045318-00045551 and if you if you help them with such
XesYyw4hOCo-00195-00045552-00045701 content which they normally offer them
XesYyw4hOCo-00196-00045702-00045833 and basically because it's frequently
XesYyw4hOCo-00197-00045834-00046055 asked you can use in different contexts
XesYyw4hOCo-00198-00046056-00046289 you don't have to always use it for one
XesYyw4hOCo-00199-00046290-00046445 particular context you can repurpose
XesYyw4hOCo-00200-00046446-00046577 that
XesYyw4hOCo-00201-00046578-00046780 um and I think that's that's really
XesYyw4hOCo-00202-00046781-00047074 helpful because now you are empowering
XesYyw4hOCo-00203-00047075-00047345 that Community member
XesYyw4hOCo-00204-00047346-00047512 um to do that stuff himself without
XesYyw4hOCo-00205-00047513-00047837 relying on external experts
XesYyw4hOCo-00206-00047838-00048083 yeah you know I I really like that what
XesYyw4hOCo-00207-00048084-00048245 you just said there about the fact that
XesYyw4hOCo-00208-00048246-00048485 now you've made them kind of autonomous
XesYyw4hOCo-00209-00048486-00048646 or independent and they're able to do it
XesYyw4hOCo-00210-00048647-00048790 for themselves and let's face it there's
XesYyw4hOCo-00211-00048791-00048923 no better feeling than when you figure
XesYyw4hOCo-00212-00048924-00049121 out something and you go okay cool now I
XesYyw4hOCo-00213-00049122-00049408 I can do this so now obviously I'm going
XesYyw4hOCo-00214-00049409-00049727 to be I'm going to be very open to you
XesYyw4hOCo-00215-00049728-00049996 because you just empowered me to to do
XesYyw4hOCo-00216-00049997-00050201 something for myself now I'm willing to
XesYyw4hOCo-00217-00050202-00050401 talk to you about just about anything
XesYyw4hOCo-00218-00050402-00050639 totally totally
XesYyw4hOCo-00219-00050640-00050902 um I mean one example which I can throw
XesYyw4hOCo-00220-00050903-00051244 is uh so when I send them this so we
XesYyw4hOCo-00221-00051245-00051485 read it like 100 somebody asked for a
XesYyw4hOCo-00222-00051486-00051676 product demo video should look like and
XesYyw4hOCo-00223-00051677-00051911 what we did we did like 100 a table of
XesYyw4hOCo-00224-00051912-00052276 100 demo videos and spliced it down by
XesYyw4hOCo-00225-00052277-00052480 um what's a call to action what's the
XesYyw4hOCo-00226-00052482-00052703 storytelling style what kind of visuals
XesYyw4hOCo-00227-00052704-00052835 they use
XesYyw4hOCo-00228-00052836-00053015 um and then the next comment I sent them
XesYyw4hOCo-00229-00053016-00053249 that link the next conversation was uh
XesYyw4hOCo-00230-00053250-00053411 which one would you recommend for a
XesYyw4hOCo-00231-00053412-00053591 company like this and you could see the
XesYyw4hOCo-00232-00053591-00053849 shift in tone right now you can see that
XesYyw4hOCo-00233-00053850-00054100 that person actually thinks because I
XesYyw4hOCo-00234-00054101-00054287 have seen more than 100 such videos I've
XesYyw4hOCo-00235-00054288-00054532 collated that in a table
XesYyw4hOCo-00236-00054533-00054773 um I'd be a better just to answer his
XesYyw4hOCo-00237-00054774-00054892 query
XesYyw4hOCo-00238-00054894-00055115 um and then series of conversation went
XesYyw4hOCo-00239-00055116-00055288 to DMS and then went to emails and
XesYyw4hOCo-00240-00055289-00055582 finally they become a big customer but I
XesYyw4hOCo-00241-00055583-00055859 think the point of the uh I mean the the
XesYyw4hOCo-00242-00055860-00056009 fact is
XesYyw4hOCo-00243-00056010-00056261 um you got to help them as uh how you
XesYyw4hOCo-00244-00056262-00056507 help another human being not not try to
XesYyw4hOCo-00245-00056508-00056699 think that he's a prospect and probably
XesYyw4hOCo-00246-00056700-00056885 I'll get something out of it I know it
XesYyw4hOCo-00247-00056886-00057088 takes some time when you when you are
XesYyw4hOCo-00248-00057089-00057244 frequent in the community and when you
XesYyw4hOCo-00249-00057245-00057382 contribute
XesYyw4hOCo-00250-00057383-00057575 um resources or helping other people
XesYyw4hOCo-00251-00057576-00057803 people notice you I mean it's not a
XesYyw4hOCo-00252-00057804-00058000 they're always like you or like how it
XesYyw4hOCo-00253-00058001-00058235 happens to Instagram or Tick Tock but
XesYyw4hOCo-00254-00058236-00058409 people will notice you
XesYyw4hOCo-00255-00058410-00058535 um and they may not have a problem today
XesYyw4hOCo-00256-00058536-00058703 but they may have a problem next quarter
XesYyw4hOCo-00257-00058704-00058979 and that that's how you win the game
XesYyw4hOCo-00258-00058979-00059219 yeah and what I like about what you just
XesYyw4hOCo-00259-00059220-00059542 said there as well reaches uh is that
XesYyw4hOCo-00260-00059544-00059776 you actively engage because here's one
XesYyw4hOCo-00261-00059777-00060166 of my pet peeves is is when say somebody
XesYyw4hOCo-00262-00060167-00060430 say you you you put something on
XesYyw4hOCo-00263-00060432-00060611 LinkedIn or whatever you post something
XesYyw4hOCo-00264-00060612-00060935 and you get great post
XesYyw4hOCo-00265-00060936-00061115 and I know immediately that person never
XesYyw4hOCo-00266-00061116-00061313 read the post right that was just an
XesYyw4hOCo-00267-00061314-00061571 effort to to just gotta go okay now
XesYyw4hOCo-00268-00061572-00061757 we're now we gotta now we're engaged
XesYyw4hOCo-00269-00061758-00062003 look I said and and I think that's the
XesYyw4hOCo-00270-00062004-00062332 key part if you engage in a community or
XesYyw4hOCo-00271-00062333-00062525 if you engage with somebody's content
XesYyw4hOCo-00272-00062526-00062794 wherever that is if you read the content
XesYyw4hOCo-00273-00062795-00063071 and you add to it or you make a comment
XesYyw4hOCo-00274-00063072-00063311 related to the to the content or the
XesYyw4hOCo-00275-00063312-00063491 issue that they're discussing in the
XesYyw4hOCo-00276-00063491-00063635 community
XesYyw4hOCo-00277-00063636-00063832 um then you show respect to the people
XesYyw4hOCo-00278-00063833-00064037 you've shown that you actually read the
XesYyw4hOCo-00279-00064038-00064180 stuff or you've considered it and you're
XesYyw4hOCo-00280-00064182-00064409 trying to add value as opposed to just
XesYyw4hOCo-00281-00064410-00064600 sort of trying to get your name in there
XesYyw4hOCo-00282-00064601-00064915 and get noticed by going great post
XesYyw4hOCo-00283-00064916-00065225 uh correct and I think uh commenting in
XesYyw4hOCo-00284-00065226-00065500 on LinkedIn is quite underrated a lot of
XesYyw4hOCo-00285-00065501-00065681 people think that hey I should post X
XesYyw4hOCo-00286-00065682-00065867 number of times in a week or X number of
XesYyw4hOCo-00287-00065868-00066017 times in a day
XesYyw4hOCo-00288-00066018-00066167 um and then people will think I know
XesYyw4hOCo-00289-00066168-00066305 something because I I have a thought
XesYyw4hOCo-00290-00066306-00066467 dinner because I keep on posting good
XesYyw4hOCo-00291-00066468-00066617 content
XesYyw4hOCo-00292-00066618-00066923 um but but commenting on uh other
XesYyw4hOCo-00293-00066924-00067193 people's content also gives you a lot of
XesYyw4hOCo-00294-00067194-00067355 visibility
XesYyw4hOCo-00295-00067356-00067775 um one one hack which we follow is uh so
XesYyw4hOCo-00296-00067776-00067943 we have we have a point of view in how
XesYyw4hOCo-00297-00067944-00068087 do you create content for software
XesYyw4hOCo-00298-00068088-00068267 companies and how do you create design
XesYyw4hOCo-00299-00068268-00068471 for software companies so we searched
XesYyw4hOCo-00300-00068472-00068705 for that kind of content and whenever we
XesYyw4hOCo-00301-00068706-00068897 find that uh if we search for Content
XesYyw4hOCo-00302-00068898-00069071 which doesn't go with our line of
XesYyw4hOCo-00303-00069072-00069185 thought
XesYyw4hOCo-00304-00069186-00069449 um and then we put up more controversial
XesYyw4hOCo-00305-00069450-00069676 comment which is it's opposite of what
XesYyw4hOCo-00306-00069677-00069869 that person is trying to say and that
XesYyw4hOCo-00307-00069870-00070037 gathers a lot of attention it's not
XesYyw4hOCo-00308-00070038-00070355 intentional but we find posts where we
XesYyw4hOCo-00309-00070356-00070697 could we could be more visible than not
XesYyw4hOCo-00310-00070698-00070919 yeah yeah no I I think that's I think
XesYyw4hOCo-00311-00070920-00071200 that's a great Point too is um because
XesYyw4hOCo-00312-00071201-00071417 if you engage in a debate as well I mean
XesYyw4hOCo-00313-00071418-00071650 that's also creating value because let's
XesYyw4hOCo-00314-00071651-00071843 face it the best you know critiquing or
XesYyw4hOCo-00315-00071844-00072215 debating you know that tends to on
XesYyw4hOCo-00316-00072216-00072449 um tend to uncover more ideas and better
XesYyw4hOCo-00317-00072450-00072629 ideas sometimes so that that's another
XesYyw4hOCo-00318-00072630-00072976 that's another great way of going
XesYyw4hOCo-00319-00072977-00073103 yeah
XesYyw4hOCo-00320-00073104-00073291 um LinkedIn I think is
XesYyw4hOCo-00321-00073292-00073481 lindium is going through a lot of
XesYyw4hOCo-00322-00073482-00073661 changes and a lot of time we feel that
XesYyw4hOCo-00323-00073662-00073919 hey uh government getting on social
XesYyw4hOCo-00324-00073920-00074129 media it requires a lot of investment it
XesYyw4hOCo-00325-00074130-00074297 does actually you've got to be
XesYyw4hOCo-00326-00074298-00074459 consistent
XesYyw4hOCo-00327-00074460-00074765 um and very similar to community posts
XesYyw4hOCo-00328-00074766-00075155 people people uh are noticing you they
XesYyw4hOCo-00329-00075156-00075341 they are not always engaging with your
XesYyw4hOCo-00330-00075342-00075587 post but they always notice you
XesYyw4hOCo-00331-00075588-00075826 um and very similar to community
XesYyw4hOCo-00332-00075827-00075899 um
XesYyw4hOCo-00333-00075900-00076103 they engage with you when you when
XesYyw4hOCo-00334-00076104-00076325 there's a need on that their side so I
XesYyw4hOCo-00335-00076326-00076565 always recommend add people
XesYyw4hOCo-00336-00076566-00076721 um not in the automated way because I
XesYyw4hOCo-00337-00076722-00076900 think LinkedIn is also looking uh
XesYyw4hOCo-00338-00076901-00077069 frowning up on automation they don't
XesYyw4hOCo-00339-00077070-00077387 like people pots running around to send
XesYyw4hOCo-00340-00077388-00077591 invites like a human being comment like
XesYyw4hOCo-00341-00077592-00077747 a human being
XesYyw4hOCo-00342-00077748-00077969 um and I think you are good
XesYyw4hOCo-00343-00077970-00078191 yeah no I think and I totally agree with
XesYyw4hOCo-00344-00078192-00078376 you a great comment too is uh you know
XesYyw4hOCo-00345-00078377-00078575 comment like a human being you know act
XesYyw4hOCo-00346-00078576-00078826 like a human being be a human being um I
XesYyw4hOCo-00347-00078827-00079019 think that I think that's that's perfect
XesYyw4hOCo-00348-00079020-00079223 because you're right one of the things I
XesYyw4hOCo-00349-00079224-00079450 think that really happened with LinkedIn
XesYyw4hOCo-00350-00079451-00079631 especially over the covert thing where
XesYyw4hOCo-00351-00079632-00079817 suddenly people started using it as a
XesYyw4hOCo-00352-00079818-00080111 spamming tool and I just you know
XesYyw4hOCo-00353-00080112-00080350 spamming and then my another of my pet
XesYyw4hOCo-00354-00080351-00080482 peeves I've seem to be getting them all
XesYyw4hOCo-00355-00080483-00080759 out tonight is the auto reply you know
XesYyw4hOCo-00356-00080760-00080891 when somebody sends you a lovely
XesYyw4hOCo-00357-00080892-00081167 connection request and it's personalized
XesYyw4hOCo-00358-00081168-00081412 and you think okay this person really
XesYyw4hOCo-00359-00081413-00081544 wants to connect with me they put a bit
XesYyw4hOCo-00360-00081545-00081761 of effort into it and then the minute I
XesYyw4hOCo-00361-00081762-00082019 accept the connection ping a pops a
XesYyw4hOCo-00362-00082020-00082217 message that's just a sales pitch and
XesYyw4hOCo-00363-00082218-00082403 I'm like great you know and that's the
XesYyw4hOCo-00364-00082404-00082732 thing and again I I think LinkedIn has
XesYyw4hOCo-00365-00082733-00082876 had to do some work and we'll have to do
XesYyw4hOCo-00366-00082877-00083129 some work because it definitely became a
XesYyw4hOCo-00367-00083130-00083399 bit spammy and it even it didn't even
XesYyw4hOCo-00368-00083400-00083573 help itself because it gave people tools
XesYyw4hOCo-00369-00083574-00083843 to be even spammier
XesYyw4hOCo-00370-00083844-00084119 yeah and I think AI is also much
XesYyw4hOCo-00371-00084120-00084335 overrated in that that space I mean a
XesYyw4hOCo-00372-00084336-00084569 lot of time I mean I've seen tools where
XesYyw4hOCo-00373-00084570-00084749 AI will ought to create a comment for
XesYyw4hOCo-00374-00084750-00084887 you where you want to create a message
XesYyw4hOCo-00375-00084888-00085187 for you at the gpt3 algo
XesYyw4hOCo-00376-00085188-00085438 um and then as if you realize that hey
XesYyw4hOCo-00377-00085439-00085673 this is not really personalized he is
XesYyw4hOCo-00378-00085674-00086009 just I mean read my entire profile and
XesYyw4hOCo-00379-00086010-00086273 rephrase it within gpt3 because it
XesYyw4hOCo-00380-00086274-00086537 doesn't it doesn't sound natural
XesYyw4hOCo-00381-00086538-00086788 um and I think yeah and I think if if
XesYyw4hOCo-00382-00086789-00087071 you be I mean it could work on certain
XesYyw4hOCo-00383-00087072-00087250 people who are not really active on
XesYyw4hOCo-00384-00087251-00087425 LinkedIn and maybe they were not aware
XesYyw4hOCo-00385-00087426-00087661 of how these things work but most of the
XesYyw4hOCo-00386-00087662-00088043 sophisticated uh buyer would always know
XesYyw4hOCo-00387-00088044-00088432 that hey it's not real
XesYyw4hOCo-00388-00088433-00088709 and um where do you where do you see the
XesYyw4hOCo-00389-00088710-00088931 future going rich but what what gets you
XesYyw4hOCo-00390-00088932-00089153 excited about where where all of this is
XesYyw4hOCo-00391-00089154-00089309 going and you know the plans you have
XesYyw4hOCo-00392-00089310-00089417 yourself
XesYyw4hOCo-00393-00089418-00089632 I think future is
XesYyw4hOCo-00394-00089633-00089837 going to be more
XesYyw4hOCo-00395-00089838-00090125 um more driven by individual branding
XesYyw4hOCo-00396-00090126-00090526 right I mean I see a lot of I I mean I
XesYyw4hOCo-00397-00090527-00090767 hear big case for Founders or senior
XesYyw4hOCo-00398-00090768-00090917 professionals at company building a
XesYyw4hOCo-00399-00090918-00091091 personal brand on
XesYyw4hOCo-00400-00091092-00091181 um
XesYyw4hOCo-00401-00091182-00091391 social media social media includes
XesYyw4hOCo-00402-00091392-00091721 LinkedIn Twitter and even communities uh
XesYyw4hOCo-00403-00091722-00091967 because when when you are when you are a
XesYyw4hOCo-00404-00091968-00092093 brand
XesYyw4hOCo-00405-00092094-00092326 um but when you're a personal brand you
XesYyw4hOCo-00406-00092327-00092579 are also perceived as a
XesYyw4hOCo-00407-00092580-00092806 a thought leader somebody who has deeper
XesYyw4hOCo-00408-00092807-00093076 insights for the industry and you don't
XesYyw4hOCo-00409-00093077-00093443 need uh and because of your contented
XesYyw4hOCo-00410-00093444-00093647 approach you don't need a sales ad
XesYyw4hOCo-00411-00093648-00093905 approach where you've got to knock door
XesYyw4hOCo-00412-00093906-00094073 spray and pray
XesYyw4hOCo-00413-00094074-00094282 um I think personal brand helps you on
XesYyw4hOCo-00414-00094283-00094475 two front one is
XesYyw4hOCo-00415-00094476-00094721 um building brand awareness for the for
XesYyw4hOCo-00416-00094722-00095087 your for your company and second if if
XesYyw4hOCo-00417-00095088-00095393 you are if if you're looking for a
XesYyw4hOCo-00418-00095394-00095561 career right if you want to change
XesYyw4hOCo-00419-00095562-00095765 career or if you want to
XesYyw4hOCo-00420-00095766-00096017 um to something else I think it's a
XesYyw4hOCo-00421-00096018-00096281 great way to be visible as an individual
XesYyw4hOCo-00422-00096282-00096515 uh maybe you want to partner participate
XesYyw4hOCo-00423-00096516-00096659 in a non-profit initiative maybe you
XesYyw4hOCo-00424-00096660-00096797 want to build another product maybe you
XesYyw4hOCo-00425-00096798-00097012 want to do a weekend Hustle
XesYyw4hOCo-00426-00097013-00097199 um so I think personal branding is going
XesYyw4hOCo-00427-00097200-00097456 to stay a long way you've got to create
XesYyw4hOCo-00428-00097457-00097667 good content you got to share your
XesYyw4hOCo-00429-00097668-00097835 experience
XesYyw4hOCo-00430-00097836-00098105 um and just and just write it out I mean
XesYyw4hOCo-00431-00098106-00098321 it might feel odd that hey if I write it
XesYyw4hOCo-00432-00098322-00098543 out then maybe there'll be only two
XesYyw4hOCo-00433-00098544-00098806 likes or maybe there won't be any likes
XesYyw4hOCo-00434-00098807-00099118 it's okay just do it consistently
XesYyw4hOCo-00435-00099119-00099365 um and do your best I think it always
XesYyw4hOCo-00436-00099366-00099635 works out yeah and it's interesting what
XesYyw4hOCo-00437-00099636-00099815 you said about the the personal brand
XesYyw4hOCo-00438-00099816-00100079 there and this is something I think
XesYyw4hOCo-00439-00100080-00100409 sales people were a bit slow to to latch
XesYyw4hOCo-00440-00100410-00100774 on to I think it's about it's it's 10 10
XesYyw4hOCo-00441-00100775-00101056 or 12 years ago David merman Scott the
XesYyw4hOCo-00442-00101057-00101323 uh the great uh marketing writer author
XesYyw4hOCo-00443-00101324-00101579 world-renowned uh marketing expert I was
XesYyw4hOCo-00444-00101580-00101711 interviewing for him for something and
XesYyw4hOCo-00445-00101712-00101921 he said at the time he goes you know
XesYyw4hOCo-00446-00101922-00102143 nowadays when when you contact a
XesYyw4hOCo-00447-00102144-00102306 prospect you know that Prospect
XesYyw4hOCo-00448-00102307-00102551 absolutely obviously goes and researches
XesYyw4hOCo-00449-00102552-00102856 their company but they also research who
XesYyw4hOCo-00450-00102857-00103139 you are and at the time people weren't
XesYyw4hOCo-00451-00103140-00103313 really thinking about that but if you
XesYyw4hOCo-00452-00103314-00103565 think about it fast forward we know that
XesYyw4hOCo-00453-00103566-00103799 if I if I cold call you out of the blue
XesYyw4hOCo-00454-00103800-00103978 or I send you an email and maybe you're
XesYyw4hOCo-00455-00103979-00104123 intrigued a little bit one of the yeah
XesYyw4hOCo-00456-00104124-00104254 you're going to look at my company but
XesYyw4hOCo-00457-00104255-00104404 you're also going to look at me too so
XesYyw4hOCo-00458-00104405-00104578 your point about personal branding I
XesYyw4hOCo-00459-00104579-00104927 think is is extremely important
XesYyw4hOCo-00460-00104928-00105136 yeah and because of personal brand I
XesYyw4hOCo-00461-00105138-00105286 mean I mean it's easier to create
XesYyw4hOCo-00462-00105288-00105478 personal brand today as opposed to
XesYyw4hOCo-00463-00105479-00105671 company brand because people connect
XesYyw4hOCo-00464-00105672-00105881 with people easily
XesYyw4hOCo-00465-00105882-00106252 um and and uh I mean what I I would say
XesYyw4hOCo-00466-00106253-00106702 what blogging or what uh like company
XesYyw4hOCo-00467-00106703-00106973 branding was five years ten years ago
XesYyw4hOCo-00468-00106974-00107219 it's personal brand today
XesYyw4hOCo-00469-00107220-00107495 um and I'm not going I'm not not seeing
XesYyw4hOCo-00470-00107496-00107675 anything that will take it away from
XesYyw4hOCo-00471-00107676-00107825 personal brand I mean personal brand is
XesYyw4hOCo-00472-00107826-00108004 always going to stay
XesYyw4hOCo-00473-00108005-00108071 um
XesYyw4hOCo-00474-00108072-00108269 yeah
XesYyw4hOCo-00475-00108270-00108490 yeah and no I agree with you and I think
XesYyw4hOCo-00476-00108491-00108731 that's um and I think it's it's even if
XesYyw4hOCo-00477-00108732-00108977 they even if companies tried to control
XesYyw4hOCo-00478-00108978-00109181 it today I mean you can't because it's
XesYyw4hOCo-00479-00109182-00109277 such a
XesYyw4hOCo-00480-00109278-00109499 there's such a gray area between like
XesYyw4hOCo-00481-00109500-00109684 you say even LinkedIn like LinkedIn is
XesYyw4hOCo-00482-00109685-00109877 mine or is it my or does my company have
XesYyw4hOCo-00483-00109878-00110116 any control over my LinkedIn profile I
XesYyw4hOCo-00484-00110117-00110249 don't know it depends you know company
XesYyw4hOCo-00485-00110250-00110501 to company but to your point I think
XesYyw4hOCo-00486-00110502-00110704 there's such a blurring of the lines now
XesYyw4hOCo-00487-00110705-00110902 that you have to pay attention because
XesYyw4hOCo-00488-00110903-00111178 if you have some other parts of your
XesYyw4hOCo-00489-00111179-00111328 profile other social media that's a
XesYyw4hOCo-00490-00111329-00111460 little Maybe
XesYyw4hOCo-00491-00111461-00111701 off to the side a little strange or
XesYyw4hOCo-00492-00111702-00111910 whatever you know you wouldn't want that
XesYyw4hOCo-00493-00111911-00112139 to infect your overall brand so you have
XesYyw4hOCo-00494-00112140-00112295 to be careful I think and you have to
XesYyw4hOCo-00495-00112296-00112558 compartmentalize sometimes
XesYyw4hOCo-00496-00112559-00112810 true and I think LinkedIn linkedin's
XesYyw4hOCo-00497-00112811-00112973 algorithm also works in the same way
XesYyw4hOCo-00498-00112974-00113219 right I mean if you are if I make the
XesYyw4hOCo-00499-00113220-00113381 same post through my company's account
XesYyw4hOCo-00500-00113382-00113549 and through my personal account my
XesYyw4hOCo-00501-00113550-00113728 personal account always gets eight to
XesYyw4hOCo-00502-00113729-00114010 ten times more visibility uh not because
XesYyw4hOCo-00503-00114011-00114227 I've connected my company also has with
XesYyw4hOCo-00504-00114228-00114365 the company page also has good enough
XesYyw4hOCo-00505-00114366-00114647 number of likes but because LinkedIn
XesYyw4hOCo-00506-00114648-00114845 thinks you're an individual and you you
XesYyw4hOCo-00507-00114846-00115031 your thoughts ought to be heard because
XesYyw4hOCo-00508-00115032-00115234 companies consider to be more
XesYyw4hOCo-00509-00115235-00115402 commercially driven but individuals are
XesYyw4hOCo-00510-00115403-00115660 not so I think I think I think Linton
XesYyw4hOCo-00511-00115661-00115834 was the same thing
XesYyw4hOCo-00512-00115835-00116110 yeah and and I think in conclusion rich
XesYyw4hOCo-00513-00116111-00116297 I mean I think the the message here is
XesYyw4hOCo-00514-00116298-00116608 like do the work uh be personal be
XesYyw4hOCo-00515-00116609-00116836 engaged with people help people like you
XesYyw4hOCo-00516-00116838-00116981 said at the very beginning or before we
XesYyw4hOCo-00517-00116982-00117208 came on air always be helping that's
XesYyw4hOCo-00518-00117209-00117436 that's your Mantra right
XesYyw4hOCo-00519-00117438-00117707 yeah I think always be selling was what
XesYyw4hOCo-00520-00117708-00118013 what was sales 10 years ago uh today if
XesYyw4hOCo-00521-00118014-00118145 you want to be a trustful advisor you
XesYyw4hOCo-00522-00118146-00118343 have to be always be helping
XesYyw4hOCo-00523-00118344-00118690 yeah absolutely well um Olive reaches uh
XesYyw4hOCo-00524-00118691-00118834 information is going to be below this
XesYyw4hOCo-00525-00118835-00119033 video but before we go please do tell us
XesYyw4hOCo-00526-00119033-00119345 more about you and your companies
XesYyw4hOCo-00527-00119346-00119543 so content creator is a video and design
XesYyw4hOCo-00528-00119544-00119927 service for p2b software uh we had them
XesYyw4hOCo-00529-00119928-00120178 with the video production designed audio
XesYyw4hOCo-00530-00120179-00120502 editing uh quite a lot of stuff and plus
XesYyw4hOCo-00531-00120503-00120760 we are on a flat monthly fee so no no
XesYyw4hOCo-00532-00120761-00120977 wondering about unreliable Freelancers
XesYyw4hOCo-00533-00120978-00121252 or expensive agencies feel free to check
XesYyw4hOCo-00534-00121253-00121408 it out
XesYyw4hOCo-00535-00121409-00121673 yeah absolutely well listen thanks again
XesYyw4hOCo-00536-00121674-00121871 Reese and thank you for watching and
XesYyw4hOCo-00537-00121872-00122069 listening I'll see you all again soon
XesYyw4hOCo-00538-00122070-00122219 thank you
XesYyw4hOCo-00539-00122220-00122333 thank you John
XesYyw4hOCo-00540-00122333-00122669 [Music]
XesYyw4hOCo-00541-00122670-00123149 foreign
XesYyw4hOCo-00542-00123150-00123574 [Music]
XeawMO-Mt9M-00000-00000006-00000233 do you think I'll be playing wrong a
XeawMO-Mt9M-00001-00000234-00000526 Megadeth song in front of Dave Mustaine
XeawMO-Mt9M-00002-00000527-00000983 for over three years or over 300
XeawMO-Mt9M-00003-00000984-00001361 concerts well I don't think so but some
XeawMO-Mt9M-00004-00001362-00001601 guys were commenting that I was playing
XeawMO-Mt9M-00005-00001602-00001913 wrong the riff of tornado of souls so a
XeawMO-Mt9M-00006-00001914-00002237 while ago I did a video playing the
XeawMO-Mt9M-00007-00002238-00002452 entire song and there I was reading the
XeawMO-Mt9M-00008-00002453-00002645 comments and some guys saying I was
XeawMO-Mt9M-00009-00002646-00002912 saying that I played wrong and should be
XeawMO-Mt9M-00010-00002913-00003085 all downstrokes or something like that
XeawMO-Mt9M-00011-00003086-00003401 so I decided to do a video explaining
XeawMO-Mt9M-00012-00003402-00003653 why I don't play downstrokes all the
XeawMO-Mt9M-00013-00003654-00003940 time basically that's the concept of
XeawMO-Mt9M-00014-00003942-00004304 Megadeth not playing downstrokes all the
XeawMO-Mt9M-00015-00004305-00004513 time because the downstrokes out the
XeawMO-Mt9M-00016-00004514-00004760 time gives you a certain kind of sound
XeawMO-Mt9M-00017-00004761-00005143 and that's it so you have two ways of
XeawMO-Mt9M-00018-00005144-00005315 playing metal riffs only the down
XeawMO-Mt9M-00019-00005316-00005552 strokes that gives you this machine-gun
XeawMO-Mt9M-00020-00005553-00005918 very precise and straightforward very
XeawMO-Mt9M-00021-00005919-00006544 sharp kind of sound
XeawMO-Mt9M-00022-00006545-00007303 [Music]
XeawMO-Mt9M-00023-00007304-00007652 that's one way you know straight
XeawMO-Mt9M-00024-00007653-00007850 straightforward downstrokes
XeawMO-Mt9M-00025-00007851-00008195 all the time another way would be up and
XeawMO-Mt9M-00026-00008196-00008534 down alternate picking and that the
XeawMO-Mt9M-00027-00008535-00008807 alternate peeking gives you other other
XeawMO-Mt9M-00028-00008808-00009170 possibilities you can play more groovy
XeawMO-Mt9M-00029-00009171-00009419 let's say you can exit give some
XeawMO-Mt9M-00030-00009420-00009599 different accents because you play up
XeawMO-Mt9M-00031-00009600-00009827 and down and the sound of the down and
XeawMO-Mt9M-00032-00009828-00010148 the up they're different so it's not so
XeawMO-Mt9M-00033-00010149-00010399 precise but it gives you like a
XeawMO-Mt9M-00034-00010400-00010646 different vibe is more human let's say
XeawMO-Mt9M-00035-00010647-00011006 so so it's good when you balance both
XeawMO-Mt9M-00036-00011007-00011410 styles and create rifts using both ideas
XeawMO-Mt9M-00037-00011411-00011756 so the same riff with up and down would
XeawMO-Mt9M-00038-00011757-00011932 be something like
XeawMO-Mt9M-00039-00011933-00012220 [Music]
XeawMO-Mt9M-00040-00012221-00012871 [Applause]
XeawMO-Mt9M-00041-00012872-00012971 [Music]
XeawMO-Mt9M-00042-00012972-00013204 [Applause]
XeawMO-Mt9M-00043-00013205-00013246 [Music]
XeawMO-Mt9M-00044-00013247-00013480 [Applause]
XeawMO-Mt9M-00045-00013481-00013790 can you hear the difference so one is
XeawMO-Mt9M-00046-00013791-00014027 very precise and the other one is more
XeawMO-Mt9M-00047-00014028-00014105 groovy
XeawMO-Mt9M-00048-00014106-00014483 so tornado souls what we do is like the
XeawMO-Mt9M-00049-00014484-00014986 B here we play you know the machine gun
XeawMO-Mt9M-00050-00014987-00015496 like you know very precise and then here
XeawMO-Mt9M-00051-00015497-00015947 is the groovy part
XeawMO-Mt9M-00052-00015947-00016764 [Music]
XeawMO-Mt9M-00053-00016765-00017178 right so that's it that's my answer to
XeawMO-Mt9M-00054-00017179-00017334 the comment that I was playing wrong I
XeawMO-Mt9M-00055-00017335-00017575 think it's a great tip and now we can
XeawMO-Mt9M-00056-00017576-00017853 listen to all the Megadeth riffs and now
XeawMO-Mt9M-00057-00017854-00018064 we're going to realize when it's the
XeawMO-Mt9M-00058-00018065-00018325 downstrokes and when is the groovy of
XeawMO-Mt9M-00059-00018326-00018727 shuffling pushing up and down kind of
XeawMO-Mt9M-00060-00018728-00018874 pattern alright
XeawMO-Mt9M-00061-00018875-00019141 so leave your comments let me know what
XeawMO-Mt9M-00062-00019142-00019380 you wanna learn subscribe to the channel
XeawMO-Mt9M-00063-00019381-00019689 activate the notifications and see you
XeawMO-Mt9M-00064-00019690-00019780 in the next video
XeawMO-Mt9M-00065-00019781-00020073 Cheers
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00000-00000010-00000305 the National Academy of Medicine mom
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00001-00000306-00000479 formerly called the Institute of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00002-00000480-00000705 Medicine IOM is an American nonprofit
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Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00030-00007320-00007823 topic history
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00031-00007823-00008144 the institute was founded in 1970 under
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00032-00008145-00008270 the Congressional charter of the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00033-00008271-00008477 National Academy of Sciences as the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00034-00008478-00008870 Institute of Medicine on April 28 2015
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00035-00008871-00009160 not about it in favor of reconstituting
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00036-00009161-00009338 the membership of the IOM as a new
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00037-00009339-00009518 National Academy of Medicine and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00038-00009519-00009698 establishing a new division on health
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00039-00009699-00009923 and medicine within the NRC that has the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00040-00009924-00010135 program activities of the IOM at its
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00041-00010136-00010409 core these changes took effect on July
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00042-00010410-00011014 1st 2015
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00043-00011015-00011525 topic overview
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00044-00011526-00011768 the National Academies attempt to obtain
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00045-00011769-00011951 a Thorat ativ objective and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00046-00011952-00012149 scientifically balanced answers to
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00047-00012150-00012260 difficult questions of national
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00048-00012261-00012545 importance the work is conducted by
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Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00116-00028298-00028558 topic notable members past and present
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00117-00028560-00028874 Harold Amos microbiologist and professor
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00118-00028875-00029036 Nancy Andrews Dean of Duke University
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00119-00029037-00029299 School of Medicine Elizabeth Blackburn
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00120-00029300-00029639 biologist and winner of 2009 Nobel Prize
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00121-00029639-00029855 in Physiology or medicine for Co
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00122-00029856-00030097 discovery of telomerase Emory and brown
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00123-00030098-00030317 statistician neuroscientist and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00124-00030318-00030449 anesthesiologist
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00125-00030450-00030650 director of the Harvard MIT Health
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00126-00030651-00030893 Sciences and technology program Robert
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00127-00030894-00031157 Califf cardiologist FDA Deputy
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00128-00031158-00031385 Commissioner ben Carson columnist and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00129-00031386-00031598 retired American neurosurgeon former
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00130-00031599-00031817 director of pediatric neurosurgery at
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00131-00031818-00032042 Johns Hopkins Hospital Anthony churaumi
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00132-00032043-00032261 pioneering medical researcher Dennis
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00133-00032262-00032462 Charney Dean of the Mount Sinai School
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00134-00032463-00032677 of Medicine in New York City Sarah
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00135-00032679-00032936 Cleveland veterinary epidemiologist Jule
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00136-00032937-00033146 Plummer comp cell biologist and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00137-00033147-00033311 president of California State University
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00138-00033312-00033845 Fullerton 1981 to 1986 leader in the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00139-00033846-00034049 Human Genome Project and Director of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00140-00034050-00034247 National Institutes of Health Jim
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00141-00034248-00034511 Collins synthetic biology pioneer and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00142-00034512-00034705 MacArthur Genius Toby cosgrove
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00143-00034706-00034949 cardiothoracic surgeon inventor and CEO
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00144-00034950-00035246 Cleveland Clinic Marc Daly statistician
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00145-00035247-00035441 and human geneticist professor of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00146-00035442-00035600 genetics at Harvard Medical School
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00147-00035601-00035843 Kenneth L Davis author medical
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00148-00035844-00036050 researcher and CEO of Mount Sinai
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00149-00036051-00036248 Medical Center Stanton Eggland's
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00150-00036249-00036545 professor of medicine UCSF and prominent
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00151-00036546-00036767 tobacco control researcher and activist
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00152-00036768-00036977 Shimon Glick ben-gurion University
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00153-00036978-00037226 endocrinology internal medicine medical
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00154-00037227-00037457 education and medical ethics Margaret
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00155-00037458-00037670 Hamburg Commissioner of the US Food and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00156-00037671-00037867 Drug Administration Maurice Hilleman
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00157-00037868-00038132 microbiologist David Howe pioneer in the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00158-00038133-00038339 use of protease inhibitors in treating
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00159-00038340-00038633 HIV infected patients Leroy hood winner
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00160-00038634-00038957 of the 2003 lemelson-mit prize Arthur
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00161-00038958-00039113 Kellerman professor and founding
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00162-00039114-00039296 chairman of the department of emergency
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00163-00039297-00039533 medicine at emory university herbert
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00164-00039534-00039755 Kleber professor of psychiatry
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00165-00039756-00040040 l université Philip J Landrigan
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00166-00040041-00040193 pediatrician and children's
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00167-00040194-00040387 environmental health advocate Geoffrey
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00168-00040388-00040625 Lieberman chair of Psychiatry Columbia
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00169-00040626-00040835 University president American
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00170-00040836-00041084 Psychiatric Association Rudolph Leibel
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00171-00041085-00041365 MD professor at Columbia University and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00172-00041366-00041567 discoverer of leptin and leptin receptor
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00173-00041568-00041849 Alice H Lichtenstein senior scientist
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00174-00041850-00042080 and director of cardiovascular nutrition
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00175-00042081-00042257 laboratory at Human Nutrition Research
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00176-00042258-00042506 Center on Aging professor at Tufts
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00177-00042507-00042722 University Susan Lindquist a molecular
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00178-00042723-00042956 biologist and former director of the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00179-00042957-00043196 Whitehead Institute Howard Markel Georgi
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00180-00043197-00043370 wants distinguished professor of the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00181-00043371-00043565 history of medicine and director of the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00182-00043566-00043751 Center for the history of medicine at
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00183-00043752-00043964 the University of Michigan John amazing
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00184-00043965-00044228 professor of Epidemiology at UC Davis
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00185-00044229-00044408 School of Veterinary Medicine and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00186-00044409-00044590 executive director of the one Health
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00187-00044591-00044834 Institute McLean McCarty youngest member
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00188-00044835-00045035 of the research team responsible for the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00189-00045036-00045265 Avery MacLeod McCarty Experiment Cheryl
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00190-00045266-00045575 and s McCoy CEO of Avon products and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00191-00045576-00045767 former vice chairman of Johnson &
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00192-00045768-00046001 Johnson Ruslan medgie Tov professor of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00193-00046002-00046186 immuno biology at Yale University
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00194-00046187-00046376 co-discoverer of human toll-like
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00195-00046377-00046721 receptors TLRs David O Meltzer professor
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00196-00046722-00046910 of medicine and health economist at
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00197-00046911-00047159 University of Chicago Mario J Molina
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00198-00047160-00047483 recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00199-00047484-00047684 Chemistry for discovery of impact of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00200-00047685-00047935 CFCs on ozone layer Herbert Needleman
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00201-00047936-00048182 pediatrician and psychiatrist Carl F
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00202-00048183-00048407 Nathan professor of immunology and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00203-00048408-00048605 microbial pathogenesis at Weill Cornell
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00204-00048606-00048818 Medicine Peter Orszag
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00205-00048819-00049025 37th director of the Office of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00206-00049026-00049220 Management and Budget under President
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00207-00049221-00049477 Barack Obama Nicklaus a Pepa's pioneer
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00208-00049478-00049655 of biomaterials and drug delivery
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00209-00049656-00049907 Patricia flatly Brennan professor of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00210-00049908-00050102 Nursing and industrial engineering at
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00211-00050103-00050309 University of wisconsin-madison and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00212-00050310-00050452 themed leader at the Wisconsin
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00213-00050453-00050807 institutes for discovery frederick
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00214-00050808-00050987 Redlich Dean of the Yale School of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00215-00050988-00051361 Medicine from 1967 to 1972
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00216-00051362-00051725 James Rothman winner of the 2002 Albert
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00217-00051726-00052005 Lasker Award for basic medical research
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00218-00052007-00052294 Jeffrey Sachs economist and director of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00219-00052295-00052432 the Earth Institute at Columbia
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00220-00052433-00052816 University David a Savitz director of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00221-00052817-00053000 the disease prevention and Public Health
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00222-00053001-00053144 Institute at the mountain
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00223-00053145-00053486 Medical Center Shirley M Tillman former
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00224-00053487-00053786 president of Princeton University Mary
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00225-00053787-00054008 Wakefield appointed administrator of the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00226-00054009-00054161 health resources and Services
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00227-00054162-00054449 Administration HRSA by President Barack
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00228-00054450-00054908 Obama in February 2009 Douglas C Wallace
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00229-00054909-00055117 geneticist and pioneer of human
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00230-00055119-00055415 mitochondrial genetics Lawrence weed
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00231-00055416-00055658 creator of the problem oriented medical
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00232-00055659-00055982 record Sheldon wine bomb biomedical
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00233-00055983-00056195 engineer bio fluid mechanician and
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00234-00056196-00056408 distinguished professor emeritus at the
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00235-00056409-00056708 City College of New York Kern Wilden
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00236-00056709-00056882 Thal former president of the University
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00237-00056883-00057180 of Texas Southwestern Medical School
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00238-00057182-00057626 William Julius Wilson sociologist Elias
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00239-00057627-00057866 Zerhouni former executive vice dean of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00240-00057866-00058049 Johns Hopkins University School of
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00241-00058050-00058241 Medicine and director of the National
Xf4lMJ7sIgo-00242-00058241-00058754 Institutes of Health under george w bush
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00000-00000128-00000416 who will be sOooo bi is a southern low
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00001-00000417-00000611 lowish language of south-central Yunnan
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00002-00000612-00001012 China it is documented in by 2010 sOooo
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00003-00001013-00001357 B is closely related to how knee
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00004-00001358-00001975 distribution suebi is spoken in two
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00005-00001976-00002239 villages of Union Township enu on gen of
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00006-00002240-00002482 you on John County namely puggy village
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00007-00002483-00002770 Kublai Khan in puddy poo Gwaine gaga a
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00008-00002771-00003018 and paw haiku hi and buys village Bey's
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00009-00003019-00003177 a con in yuga yuga
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00010-00003178-00003418 Sandling since an links and shooting
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00011-00003419-00004018 shui Tong and buys days a by 2010 to 118
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00012-00004019-00004328 sube speakers in Union Township yen you
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00013-00004329-00004541 on Jen are surrounded by Bay Hong and
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00014-00004542-00004879 how nice peakers by 2010
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00015-00004880-00005167 sOooo B is also spoken in Qin ping Yi
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00016-00005168-00005413 and I autonomous county in Mesa King VII
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00017-00005414-00005686 Zhi Qing of jian seng GN Ching Chang and
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00018-00005687-00006075 DA AJ of fluxing foo Shane
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00019-00006076-00006753 references vibey buh bye bye vote 2010
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00020-00006754-00006970 sociolinguistics of languages of
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00021-00006970-00007248 Uniontown you on John County you on
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00022-00007250-00007519 jeong-seon Yin you on Jan you Yankee
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00023-00007520-00007768 yunxi on shuang jiejie and Beijing
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00024-00007769-00008062 ethnic publishing house men zu Chu van
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00025-00008063-00008452 ISBN nine trillion 787 billion 100
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00026-00008453-00008662 million 70 thousand five hundred
Xg8K1rPUcs4-00027-00008663-00008917 twenty-two
Xhppmj1XKnE-00000-00000006-00000265 you see all their reactions Dylan's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00001-00000266-00000428 shaking my hands in [__] like people
Xhppmj1XKnE-00002-00000429-00000545 really yeah someone's shook my hand
Xhppmj1XKnE-00003-00000546-00000659 didn't you get that you don't think it's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00004-00000660-00000956 true at all what do you think of this I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00005-00000957-00001229 love steak you love steak even if you're
Xhppmj1XKnE-00006-00001230-00001366 talking about it now it it doesn't
Xhppmj1XKnE-00007-00001367-00001544 resonate with me but it makes me feel
Xhppmj1XKnE-00008-00001545-00002101 really young yeah you're making the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00009-00002102-00002297 connection again I am making the cook I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00010-00002298-00002483 have never lost the connection but you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00011-00002484-00002630 know what one of the best conversations
Xhppmj1XKnE-00012-00002631-00002945 I've had for a while mate really I'm
Xhppmj1XKnE-00013-00002946-00003067 showing it to people asking them what
Xhppmj1XKnE-00014-00003068-00003454 they think brought it yeah do you agree
Xhppmj1XKnE-00015-00003455-00003838 I do you do agree why is it cruel do you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00016-00003839-00004313 think universally why is this crow
Xhppmj1XKnE-00017-00004314-00004661 eating me I would say actually I would
Xhppmj1XKnE-00018-00004662-00004861 say it depends how depends how you kill
Xhppmj1XKnE-00019-00004862-00005077 them that makes it crow I think it
Xhppmj1XKnE-00020-00005078-00005192 depends how you process the whole thing
Xhppmj1XKnE-00021-00005193-00005408 I think like excessive meat consumption
Xhppmj1XKnE-00022-00005409-00005593 is a bit harsh yeah I think if you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00023-00005594-00005788 consume what you plant or you've seen
Xhppmj1XKnE-00024-00005789-00005959 yourself yeah that's a bit more
Xhppmj1XKnE-00025-00005960-00006086 acceptable but also I come from a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00026-00006087-00006281 culture that is a heavy meat eater what
Xhppmj1XKnE-00027-00006282-00006447 culture
Xhppmj1XKnE-00028-00006448-00006766 Lebanese I'm from Australia heavy meat
Xhppmj1XKnE-00029-00006767-00006979 eating there - yeah Lebanese is pretty
Xhppmj1XKnE-00030-00006980-00007195 heavy meat eating but like would you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00031-00007195-00007393 agree with that statement like if the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00032-00007394-00007675 animal was treated like well and they
Xhppmj1XKnE-00033-00007676-00007879 had their head cut off would you say the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00034-00007880-00008056 act of killing that animal was cruel
Xhppmj1XKnE-00035-00008056-00008266 I don't think that's related to whether
Xhppmj1XKnE-00036-00008267-00008496 it is wall treated or not and also we
Xhppmj1XKnE-00037-00008497-00008593 don't have that much like
Xhppmj1XKnE-00038-00008594-00008710 neuroscientific awareness whether
Xhppmj1XKnE-00039-00008711-00009037 animals do understand the idea of like
Xhppmj1XKnE-00040-00009038-00009232 the closest since if you don't feel that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00041-00009233-00009409 they're sentient like they're not having
Xhppmj1XKnE-00042-00009410-00009580 a contrary unconscious experience we
Xhppmj1XKnE-00043-00009581-00009769 don't know that much I know that for a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00044-00009770-00009856 fact we don't know if I'm enjoy a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00045-00009857-00009982 scientific perspective we don't know
Xhppmj1XKnE-00046-00009983-00010159 enough about that yet we don't know that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00047-00010160-00010263 they're having their own conscious
Xhppmj1XKnE-00048-00010264-00010510 experience yeah - oh really yeah I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00049-00010511-00010684 didn't I've never actually heard that I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00050-00010685-00010899 think they passed something in Cambridge
Xhppmj1XKnE-00051-00010900-00011101 that's called the declaration of
Xhppmj1XKnE-00052-00011102-00011251 consciousness so animals have you heard
Xhppmj1XKnE-00053-00011252-00011533 about that wouldn't that suggest animals
Xhppmj1XKnE-00054-00011534-00011707 are conscious so then later they the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00055-00011708-00011878 idea in your mind for a bit being
Xhppmj1XKnE-00056-00011879-00012055 conscious about something is one thing
Xhppmj1XKnE-00057-00012056-00012481 having example I've had a dog for years
Xhppmj1XKnE-00058-00012482-00012631 yeah I'm getting back that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00059-00012632-00012829 unrecognizable right so this
Xhppmj1XKnE-00060-00012830-00013009 consciousness of being aware as I'm like
Xhppmj1XKnE-00061-00013010-00013261 yeah I feel as anyway you are the memory
Xhppmj1XKnE-00062-00013262-00013432 thing you're saying that but you would
Xhppmj1XKnE-00063-00013433-00013666 still say your dogs suffers and doesn't
Xhppmj1XKnE-00064-00013666-00013909 want to be harmed and you know but it's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00065-00013910-00014068 a very simple temporary thing like it's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00066-00014069-00014365 not a kind of like a long-term mnemonic
Xhppmj1XKnE-00067-00014366-00014569 activity there you go through that you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00068-00014569-00014707 remember a trauma or anything is just
Xhppmj1XKnE-00069-00014708-00014893 that very so if you kick a dog they
Xhppmj1XKnE-00070-00014894-00015022 won't remember that the next time you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00071-00015022-00015238 see them I really as far as iron stand
Xhppmj1XKnE-00072-00015238-00015382 I'm done you're a scientist but I think
Xhppmj1XKnE-00073-00015383-00015578 an animal won't remember being abused
Xhppmj1XKnE-00074-00015579-00015832 okay so but let's just say they have
Xhppmj1XKnE-00075-00015833-00016090 some well-being do you think that it's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00076-00016091-00016246 just a part to rob them of that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00077-00016247-00016349 well-being would that be cruel
Xhppmj1XKnE-00078-00016350-00016538 [Music]
Xhppmj1XKnE-00079-00016539-00016754 Douglas animals experience well being
Xhppmj1XKnE-00080-00016755-00017012 that the spirits pain and joy you agree
Xhppmj1XKnE-00081-00017013-00017216 with that yeah yeah they get happy and
Xhppmj1XKnE-00082-00017217-00017419 sad and hungry and do you think it's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00083-00017420-00017873 cruel to rob them of their life oh I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00084-00017874-00018005 wanted to ask you just the other way
Xhppmj1XKnE-00085-00018006-00018044 around
Xhppmj1XKnE-00086-00018045-00018287 so it's not true by the way what I just
Xhppmj1XKnE-00087-00018288-00018461 said now before but I wanted to ask you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00088-00018462-00018686 a question about about that if if it's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00089-00018687-00018905 true that animals do have a long-term
Xhppmj1XKnE-00090-00018906-00019088 memory or not or whether we believe that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00091-00019089-00019229 they have a lot long-term consciousness
Xhppmj1XKnE-00092-00019230-00019367 or not does it make a difference whether
Xhppmj1XKnE-00093-00019368-00019607 you actually treat the animal the way
Xhppmj1XKnE-00094-00019608-00019901 you treat the moon no I don't think it
Xhppmj1XKnE-00095-00019902-00020159 does I think if a human being didn't
Xhppmj1XKnE-00096-00020160-00020327 have a long-term memory it wouldn't
Xhppmj1XKnE-00097-00020328-00020494 justify killing them or treating them
Xhppmj1XKnE-00098-00020495-00020768 immorally if a dog didn't remember you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00099-00020769-00020944 know whatever I don't think we should
Xhppmj1XKnE-00100-00020945-00021299 treat animals like in a certain way
Xhppmj1XKnE-00101-00021300-00021437 based on their intelligence just the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00102-00021438-00021575 fact that they can feel pain and want to
Xhppmj1XKnE-00103-00021576-00021847 live and you know have experience joy
Xhppmj1XKnE-00104-00021848-00022016 and you know well-being in those things
Xhppmj1XKnE-00105-00022017-00022283 I feel like we should respect still
Xhppmj1XKnE-00106-00022284-00022450 respect their life do you think we need
Xhppmj1XKnE-00107-00022451-00022793 to eat meat so I may say I've been
Xhppmj1XKnE-00108-00022794-00022940 exposed to these things quite a few
Xhppmj1XKnE-00109-00022941-00023128 times and the last two state me as I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00110-00023129-00023278 said we're not true the areas of like
Xhppmj1XKnE-00111-00023279-00023480 the idea of not having consciousness
Xhppmj1XKnE-00112-00023481-00023666 anything I won't see what kind of like I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00113-00023667-00023895 guess for lack of
Xhppmj1XKnE-00114-00023896-00024225 just virtual this kind of like wow you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00115-00024226-00024503 were testing me a little bit yes you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00116-00024504-00024800 have in mind to merge with you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00117-00024801-00025011 we're just talking about this idea that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00118-00025012-00025236 literally just now yeah yeah qualia so
Xhppmj1XKnE-00119-00025237-00025434 qualia is that what it's like to be so
Xhppmj1XKnE-00120-00025435-00025581 the quality of a bath means like what
Xhppmj1XKnE-00121-00025582-00025680 it's like to be a bath
Xhppmj1XKnE-00122-00025681-00025926 so what is it experience or to step into
Xhppmj1XKnE-00123-00025927-00026388 the shoes off right yeah we're just
Xhppmj1XKnE-00124-00026389-00026645 literally discussing this Wow say like
Xhppmj1XKnE-00125-00026647-00026868 empathy yeah exactly so putting yourself
Xhppmj1XKnE-00126-00026869-00027063 in other people's position in a pig's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00127-00027064-00027294 position in a cow's position we're
Xhppmj1XKnE-00128-00027295-00027458 literary cover there's not animals or
Xhppmj1XKnE-00129-00027460-00027624 having this conversation like does
Xhppmj1XKnE-00130-00027625-00027783 empathy make a difference when it comes
Xhppmj1XKnE-00131-00027783-00027933 to it like if you step with to something
Xhppmj1XKnE-00132-00027933-00028095 something even not somewhere something's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00133-00028095-00028283 choose does it mean that you would not
Xhppmj1XKnE-00134-00028285-00028422 treat it differently once you've come
Xhppmj1XKnE-00135-00028423-00028616 back to your own body and look at it and
Xhppmj1XKnE-00136-00028617-00028872 wait to know like what about a catalog
Xhppmj1XKnE-00137-00028873-00029412 what animals do you eat I so you eat any
Xhppmj1XKnE-00138-00029413-00029649 any animal or every animal the ones I've
Xhppmj1XKnE-00139-00029650-00029841 been exposed to it's not okay so like
Xhppmj1XKnE-00140-00029842-00030030 culturally what animals would eat cows
Xhppmj1XKnE-00141-00030031-00030357 and lambs and yeah like you watch them
Xhppmj1XKnE-00142-00030358-00030429 be slaughtered
Xhppmj1XKnE-00143-00030430-00030681 I have avid bus yeah and actually add
Xhppmj1XKnE-00144-00030682-00030861 this disgust yeah how did you feel when
Xhppmj1XKnE-00145-00030862-00031062 I was quite young as well it doesn't
Xhppmj1XKnE-00146-00031063-00031173 make much of a difference but the reason
Xhppmj1XKnE-00147-00031174-00031281 why I brought up the initial point and
Xhppmj1XKnE-00148-00031282-00031424 that's the real one that I believe in is
Xhppmj1XKnE-00149-00031425-00031842 I think there is a difference in terms
Xhppmj1XKnE-00150-00031843-00031964 of hydrogen animal
Xhppmj1XKnE-00151-00031964-00032152 it doesn't make a difference it doesn't
Xhppmj1XKnE-00152-00032154-00032249 make a difference whether this short
Xhppmj1XKnE-00153-00032250-00032362 term and long term memory as you were
Xhppmj1XKnE-00154-00032363-00032489 saying before like imagine this human
Xhppmj1XKnE-00155-00032489-00032789 being that has just no memory asanas
Xhppmj1XKnE-00156-00032790-00032978 exactly yeah or even just like robbed
Xhppmj1XKnE-00157-00032979-00033089 from the memory like yeah I think
Xhppmj1XKnE-00158-00033090-00033359 MKULTRA says yeah yeah yeah it doesn't
Xhppmj1XKnE-00159-00033360-00033487 justify mistreating them in that sense
Xhppmj1XKnE-00160-00033488-00033680 so I am I come from a culture that's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00161-00033681-00033862 heavy meat-eater I am slowly
Xhppmj1XKnE-00162-00033863-00034127 transitioning into vegetarianism but I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00163-00034128-00034315 am continuously asking myself the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00164-00034316-00034457 question why am i right
Xhppmj1XKnE-00165-00034458-00034682 because I don't know why I'm doing it I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00166-00034683-00034862 know that there's a lot of repercussions
Xhppmj1XKnE-00167-00034863-00035171 that we as humans have on from that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00168-00035172-00035371 point of view so we should minimize it
Xhppmj1XKnE-00169-00035372-00035534 I'm not the kind of person who thinks
Xhppmj1XKnE-00170-00035535-00035842 about it as I should do it by session
Xhppmj1XKnE-00171-00035843-00036083 let me work out your moral system for a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00172-00036084-00036401 second here so do you think we have a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00173-00036402-00036712 responsibility not to harm other people
Xhppmj1XKnE-00174-00036713-00037055 other people humans humans anything in
Xhppmj1XKnE-00175-00037056-00037214 the ecosystem that is even remotely
Xhppmj1XKnE-00176-00037215-00037436 alive which we should not so do you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00177-00037437-00037676 think there's well I I'm with you when
Xhppmj1XKnE-00178-00037677-00037883 it comes to human beings and animals
Xhppmj1XKnE-00179-00037884-00038108 when it comes to plants though like
Xhppmj1XKnE-00180-00038109-00038339 obviously I don't think they have
Xhppmj1XKnE-00181-00038340-00038729 consciousness I try to put that premise
Xhppmj1XKnE-00182-00038730-00038915 down yeah how do you think even that for
Xhppmj1XKnE-00183-00038916-00039020 me it doesn't make a difference like
Xhppmj1XKnE-00184-00039021-00039167 even when you take care of someone's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00185-00039168-00039358 [__] [__] car cause it's like yeah
Xhppmj1XKnE-00186-00039359-00039539 an object at the end of the day when you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00187-00039540-00039683 build a sentimental value to it you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00188-00039684-00039833 remember this example if I call this bin
Xhppmj1XKnE-00189-00039834-00039977 and talk to you about Ben for two
Xhppmj1XKnE-00190-00039978-00040118 minutes and a break when you let you go
Xhppmj1XKnE-00191-00040119-00040327 it's about where we plant our emotion
Xhppmj1XKnE-00192-00040328-00040580 right yeah like the conscious as what I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00193-00040581-00040710 was saying
Xhppmj1XKnE-00194-00040711-00040872 me about that conscious asked if there's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00195-00040873-00041007 thus consciousness actually many
Xhppmj1XKnE-00196-00041008-00041205 difference when it comes to our ich and
Xhppmj1XKnE-00197-00041206-00041424 things like something like we've had
Xhppmj1XKnE-00198-00041425-00041613 Crusades for years and that's just a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00199-00041614-00041829 concept like God's around
Xhppmj1XKnE-00200-00041830-00042003 well the only reason we mattered is
Xhppmj1XKnE-00201-00042004-00042159 because we can experience well-being in
Xhppmj1XKnE-00202-00042160-00042399 succulent leaf if you're in a coma and
Xhppmj1XKnE-00203-00042400-00042618 you were never gonna be woken and you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00204-00042619-00042774 had no family that were gonna be sad
Xhppmj1XKnE-00205-00042775-00043029 that you were killed and you died or
Xhppmj1XKnE-00206-00043030-00043212 someone killed you I mean there would be
Xhppmj1XKnE-00207-00043213-00043506 no real repercussions for that you're
Xhppmj1XKnE-00208-00043507-00043632 not ever going to experience any
Xhppmj1XKnE-00209-00043633-00043803 well-being or consciousness but then
Xhppmj1XKnE-00210-00043804-00043941 there's the whole debate about like you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00211-00043942-00044115 utilitarianism versus country ISM which
Xhppmj1XKnE-00212-00044116-00044217 is if you do things based on the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00213-00044218-00044391 consequence or by principle and yes a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00214-00044392-00044652 mixture do you have a mixture yeah yeah
Xhppmj1XKnE-00215-00044653-00044802 because otherwise otherwise one's too
Xhppmj1XKnE-00216-00044803-00045036 idealistic ones to in unity yeah I still
Xhppmj1XKnE-00217-00045037-00045273 think it's wrong to kill even but I do
Xhppmj1XKnE-00218-00045274-00045441 think there's scenarios that justify
Xhppmj1XKnE-00219-00045442-00045609 killing but I just don't think our
Xhppmj1XKnE-00220-00045610-00045828 pleasure or culture or tradition the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00221-00045829-00046038 reasons we eat meat are justifications
Xhppmj1XKnE-00222-00046039-00046428 for eating animals to finish my point
Xhppmj1XKnE-00223-00046429-00046611 and I'll leave you on that is I've been
Xhppmj1XKnE-00224-00046612-00046758 questioning myself about why I'm
Xhppmj1XKnE-00225-00046759-00047007 gradually going into vegetarianism and I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00226-00047008-00047238 don't want to be based on guilt because
Xhppmj1XKnE-00227-00047239-00047367 if I ever want to teach somebody else
Xhppmj1XKnE-00228-00047368-00047571 get my kid my friend my mom whomever
Xhppmj1XKnE-00229-00047572-00047808 yeah how I became a vegetarian I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00230-00047809-00047961 wouldn't want to be based on guilt
Xhppmj1XKnE-00231-00047962-00048258 because we like being killed like guilt
Xhppmj1XKnE-00232-00048259-00048501 as the main basis of change has proven
Xhppmj1XKnE-00233-00048502-00048651 historical enough to work that's why you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00234-00048652-00048789 pass around you see this kid that's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00235-00048790-00048969 African kid on the post yearly you move
Xhppmj1XKnE-00236-00048970-00049158 on you get desensitized so try to find
Xhppmj1XKnE-00237-00049159-00049344 what are the things beyond guilt that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00238-00049345-00049584 are turning me from a meat-eater into a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00239-00049585-00049767 vegetarian what about moral consistency
Xhppmj1XKnE-00240-00049768-00050055 because you apply your ethical system to
Xhppmj1XKnE-00241-00050056-00050223 humans and other animals but there's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00242-00050224-00050388 certain animals you exclude from that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00243-00050389-00050507 moral system
Xhppmj1XKnE-00244-00050508-00050851 yeah although
Xhppmj1XKnE-00245-00050852-00051059 it's still something I'm still thinking
Xhppmj1XKnE-00246-00051060-00051202 about like on the continuous basis I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00247-00051203-00051632 think a lot of it has to do with if it
Xhppmj1XKnE-00248-00051633-00051770 takes me a little bit of effort to make
Xhppmj1XKnE-00249-00051771-00052046 a difference I will do it right and as
Xhppmj1XKnE-00250-00052047-00052196 humans we are a lazy breed that's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00251-00052197-00052502 convenience in England if my more
Xhppmj1XKnE-00252-00052503-00052673 convenience in alarm it'll be good that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00253-00052674-00052814 kind of scared that boat in that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00254-00052815-00052871 direction
Xhppmj1XKnE-00255-00052872-00053015 I still to go back to my initial point
Xhppmj1XKnE-00256-00053016-00053150 I'm trying to figure out outside of
Xhppmj1XKnE-00257-00053151-00053266 guilt I'm talking about myself you might
Xhppmj1XKnE-00258-00053267-00053438 tell me yeah but morally if I we don't
Xhppmj1XKnE-00259-00053439-00053605 always wake up and think about the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00260-00053607-00054203 structure there's my friends that is my
Xhppmj1XKnE-00261-00054204-00054254 family
Xhppmj1XKnE-00262-00054254-00054383 I'm not caring about you because that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00263-00054384-00054524 you do exist in my universe right yeah
Xhppmj1XKnE-00264-00054525-00054647 you know Manto care about me you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00265-00054648-00054764 wouldn't wanna see me get harmed and
Xhppmj1XKnE-00266-00054765-00054944 killed and Exploited for your burger but
Xhppmj1XKnE-00267-00054945-00055244 people are have like our people are
Xhppmj1XKnE-00268-00055245-00055366 expose every single day and I don't wake
Xhppmj1XKnE-00269-00055367-00055529 up thinking about them that's what I'm
Xhppmj1XKnE-00270-00055529-00055739 going like what is your conscious
Xhppmj1XKnE-00271-00055740-00056005 decision was causing harm to a human
Xhppmj1XKnE-00272-00056007-00056321 being or an animal that you everything
Xhppmj1XKnE-00273-00056322-00056639 that I'm wearing probably baby maybe
Xhppmj1XKnE-00274-00056640-00057014 somewhere down the line but as direct as
Xhppmj1XKnE-00275-00057015-00057239 a burger like as direct as eating their
Xhppmj1XKnE-00276-00057240-00057449 flesh like I don't know as much as I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00277-00057450-00057541 want to say everything I'm wearing is
Xhppmj1XKnE-00278-00057542-00057641 ethical it's not is it
Xhppmj1XKnE-00279-00057641-00057766 I don't know if there's a Filipino kid
Xhppmj1XKnE-00280-00057767-00057904 that was wearing this but but that's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00281-00057905-00058112 what I mean by the idea of like how as a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00282-00058113-00058337 society can we move away from guilt in
Xhppmj1XKnE-00283-00058338-00058385 this
Xhppmj1XKnE-00284-00058386-00058646 more constructive and but and also still
Xhppmj1XKnE-00285-00058647-00058804 more pragmatic than your philosophical
Xhppmj1XKnE-00286-00058805-00058981 culture because I don't wake up in the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00287-00058982-00059176 morning thinking because I got my moral
Xhppmj1XKnE-00288-00059177-00059312 compass again I'm wearing everything
Xhppmj1XKnE-00289-00059313-00059594 that I'm hoping it's not so and like 212
Xhppmj1XKnE-00290-00059595-00059750 you're thinking obviously we caught some
Xhppmj1XKnE-00291-00059751-00059905 amount of harm we can't avoid all harm
Xhppmj1XKnE-00292-00059907-00060110 but that doesn't mean we should lie
Xhppmj1XKnE-00293-00060111-00060307 cause it's maximum and that of harm
Xhppmj1XKnE-00294-00060308-00060446 possibly a low point is like pick your
Xhppmj1XKnE-00295-00060447-00060647 battles yeah I mean this is a really
Xhppmj1XKnE-00296-00060648-00060835 easy one to win I mean yeah like
Xhppmj1XKnE-00297-00060836-00061109 changing your diet I mean eating a vegan
Xhppmj1XKnE-00298-00061110-00061316 burger over a beef burger alone
Xhppmj1XKnE-00299-00061316-00061484 yeah that's really I think I think a lot
Xhppmj1XKnE-00300-00061485-00061681 of it has to do with like me is even the
Xhppmj1XKnE-00301-00061682-00061775 little things like when I go back home
Xhppmj1XKnE-00302-00061776-00061957 to that but this thing off my
Xhppmj1XKnE-00303-00061958-00062165 grandmother who's like yeah spent all
Xhppmj1XKnE-00304-00062166-00062406 these years for hummus and pita bread
Xhppmj1XKnE-00305-00062407-00062753 hey brother let me give you this this is
Xhppmj1XKnE-00306-00062754-00063041 um English slaughter and farms and stuff
Xhppmj1XKnE-00307-00063041-00063163 about the environment and health but
Xhppmj1XKnE-00308-00063164-00063347 here's a vegan challenge 22 days on
Xhppmj1XKnE-00309-00063348-00063587 Facebook and now just give you like so
Xhppmj1XKnE-00310-00063588-00063719 you can dip your feet in the water and
Xhppmj1XKnE-00311-00063720-00063963 then if you feel like continuing it on
Xhppmj1XKnE-00312-00063964-00064178 it's all free everything's free it's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00313-00064179-00064400 just some information it's funny we're
Xhppmj1XKnE-00314-00064401-00064555 just talking about quoi do this now
Xhppmj1XKnE-00315-00064557-00064724 is there like what outside of Gil can
Xhppmj1XKnE-00316-00064725-00064879 drive humans to change be behavioral
Xhppmj1XKnE-00317-00064880-00065099 kind of like chimp from A to B whatever
Xhppmj1XKnE-00318-00065100-00065431 man you told me it's kind of tied to
Xhppmj1XKnE-00319-00065432-00065650 guilt but it's not the same energy it's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00320-00065651-00065993 well I just I work in virtual reality we
Xhppmj1XKnE-00321-00065994-00066260 done what we call body swap experiences
Xhppmj1XKnE-00322-00066261-00066386 well yeah for these with someone else
Xhppmj1XKnE-00323-00066387-00066542 and well these are experiences where
Xhppmj1XKnE-00324-00066543-00066737 they are meant to drive empathy by by
Xhppmj1XKnE-00325-00066738-00066950 design the worst is short amount of time
Xhppmj1XKnE-00326-00066951-00067142 but it dissipates back again yes I think
Xhppmj1XKnE-00327-00067143-00067363 is because even empathy we learned at a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00328-00067364-00067657 decent size and empathy it's a very
Xhppmj1XKnE-00329-00067658-00067825 powerful tool looking wrong you only
Xhppmj1XKnE-00330-00067826-00068032 need it for when you get hungry so
Xhppmj1XKnE-00331-00068033-00068432 that's a short amount of time
Xhppmj1XKnE-00332-00068433-00068732 buddy guys were working on boys you're
Xhppmj1XKnE-00333-00068733-00068973 I'm going I'm just asking people with
Xhppmj1XKnE-00334-00068974-00069297 their they think this is true and then
Xhppmj1XKnE-00335-00069298-00069453 finding out their stance and it because
Xhppmj1XKnE-00336-00069454-00069851 most people kind of agree with it but
Xhppmj1XKnE-00337-00069852-00070095 yeah because most people's actions are
Xhppmj1XKnE-00338-00070096-00070257 out of line with their own beliefs on
Xhppmj1XKnE-00339-00070258-00070566 animals so just experiments public
Xhppmj1XKnE-00340-00070567-00070896 experiment so yeah I appreciate this
Xhppmj1XKnE-00341-00070897-00071058 conversation and you brought a lot to
Xhppmj1XKnE-00342-00071059-00071295 the table and I yeah you're very
Xhppmj1XKnE-00343-00071296-00071555 intelligent and I like how you tried to
Xhppmj1XKnE-00344-00071556-00071757 first pitch it the first two tests means
Xhppmj1XKnE-00345-00071758-00071880 that because someone today did the same
Xhppmj1XKnE-00346-00071881-00072063 thing to me they'll give me to rubbish
Xhppmj1XKnE-00347-00072064-00072276 scientific facts and huh no that's true
Xhppmj1XKnE-00348-00072277-00072528 but let's talk about that and I just did
Xhppmj1XKnE-00349-00072529-00072660 the same thing to you then it's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00350-00072661-00072849 intriguing because when you say like 99%
Xhppmj1XKnE-00351-00072850-00073086 of X is y you know already people just
Xhppmj1XKnE-00352-00073087-00073245 want the statistic just to pass through
Xhppmj1XKnE-00353-00073246-00073416 it and it's build an opinion on top of
Xhppmj1XKnE-00354-00073417-00073575 that and today if someone did that to me
Xhppmj1XKnE-00355-00073576-00073722 is just so fresh in my mind now huge
Xhppmj1XKnE-00356-00073723-00073869 kids came to me like about why they're
Xhppmj1XKnE-00357-00073870-00074061 even animals on it hasn't been proven
Xhppmj1XKnE-00358-00074062-00074706 that animals are conscious yeah you talk
Xhppmj1XKnE-00359-00074707-00074964 alot yeah I said it's interesting my but
Xhppmj1XKnE-00360-00074965-00075117 true it's a very interesting thing I've
Xhppmj1XKnE-00361-00075118-00075216 been thinking about specially after a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00362-00075217-00075333 music festival I just came back from a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00363-00075334-00075492 there's a big gathering of tribal people
Xhppmj1XKnE-00364-00075493-00075669 you see all breeds of people and I've
Xhppmj1XKnE-00365-00075670-00075816 been really questioning myself and what
Xhppmj1XKnE-00366-00075817-00075978 else can drive me back ill because I'm a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00367-00075979-00076125 very cool driven person in my day to day
Xhppmj1XKnE-00368-00076126-00076371 life and I'm doing that for a reason I
Xhppmj1XKnE-00369-00076372-00076581 don't like I can give you a bit of my
Xhppmj1XKnE-00370-00076582-00076776 like the family historical buff guilt
Xhppmj1XKnE-00371-00076777-00076960 works for me right yeah
Xhppmj1XKnE-00372-00076961-00077134 in many ways if it gets me to behave in
Xhppmj1XKnE-00373-00077135-00077290 a good ways why not but it's not
Xhppmj1XKnE-00374-00077291-00077457 something I can pass on to my kid one
Xhppmj1XKnE-00375-00077458-00077554 day because I don't want my kids to be
Xhppmj1XKnE-00376-00077555-00077719 killed ridden like you have to drive
Xhppmj1XKnE-00377-00077720-00077938 like I wasn't even at like look these
Xhppmj1XKnE-00378-00077939-00078081 are the positive consequences of your
Xhppmj1XKnE-00379-00078082-00078138 actions
Xhppmj1XKnE-00380-00078139-00078316 and let that drive the month that's a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00381-00078317-00078484 really good value to instill yeah that's
Xhppmj1XKnE-00382-00078485-00078619 why I like I'm trying to fight that not
Xhppmj1XKnE-00383-00078620-00078790 just when it comes to to this to a lot
Xhppmj1XKnE-00384-00078791-00079021 more things in terms of like I want to
Xhppmj1XKnE-00385-00079022-00079204 cut down on drugs done because of X or Y
Xhppmj1XKnE-00386-00079205-00079573 my body but you bring gain what can you
Xhppmj1XKnE-00387-00079574-00079843 gain from I love that be really good
Xhppmj1XKnE-00388-00079844-00080050 thanks brother thank you for the peace
Xhppmj1XKnE-00389-00080051-00080245 TM a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00390-00080246-00080506 excellent all right we've got two really
Xhppmj1XKnE-00391-00080507-00080870 good conversations
Xhppmj1XKnE-00392-00080871-00081260 he was a legend that guy he was a legend
Xhppmj1XKnE-00393-00081261-00081607 see how he tricked me animals out of it
Xhppmj1XKnE-00394-00081608-00081773 haven't been proven to be conscious and
Xhppmj1XKnE-00395-00081774-00081995 my dog would not remember me I was just
Xhppmj1XKnE-00396-00081996-00082274 like what he was so interesting he
Xhppmj1XKnE-00397-00082275-00082592 tricked me through those questions at me
Xhppmj1XKnE-00398-00082593-00082778 there's a couple of ways to argue things
Xhppmj1XKnE-00399-00082779-00083144 like that like in principle he was wrong
Xhppmj1XKnE-00400-00083145-00083396 when it came to dogs being able to
Xhppmj1XKnE-00401-00083397-00083788 remember you know long term but I just
Xhppmj1XKnE-00402-00083789-00084080 granted him if that were true you know
Xhppmj1XKnE-00403-00084081-00084287 if that were true would that morally
Xhppmj1XKnE-00404-00084288-00084443 justify harming the dog because they
Xhppmj1XKnE-00405-00084444-00084653 didn't have a long-term memory and then
Xhppmj1XKnE-00406-00084654-00084869 you can just draw the comparisons as
Xhppmj1XKnE-00407-00084870-00085043 humans would that been justify harming a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00408-00085044-00085193 human who didn't have a long-term memory
Xhppmj1XKnE-00409-00085194-00085454 so in principle he was wrong but we can
Xhppmj1XKnE-00410-00085455-00085799 still grant someone that they're right
Xhppmj1XKnE-00411-00085800-00086084 and see if it still fits but he was
Xhppmj1XKnE-00412-00086085-00086213 excellent to talk to her and really
Xhppmj1XKnE-00413-00086214-00086576 enjoyed that so yeah anyway I think that
Xhppmj1XKnE-00414-00086577-00086942 was a good day that was good
Xhppmj1XKnE-00415-00086943-00087353 a little experiment worked up they got a
Xhppmj1XKnE-00416-00087354-00087471 lot of heads turning and we have some
Xhppmj1XKnE-00417-00087472-00087640 good conversations
Xhppmj1XKnE-00418-00087641-00088111 [Music]
Xhppmj1XKnE-00419-00088112-00088407 well you were testing me a little bit
Xhppmj1XKnE-00420-00088408-00088531 yeah
Xhppmj1XKnE-00421-00088532-00089311 [Music]
Xhppmj1XKnE-00422-00089312-00089404 [Applause]
Xhppmj1XKnE-00423-00089405-00089796 [Music]
Xhppmj1XKnE-00424-00089797-00090116 [Applause]
Xh-XCZb9duc-00001-00004284-00004808 so
Xh-XCZb9duc-00002-00004809-00007153 [Music]
Xh-XCZb9duc-00003-00007154-00007925 [Music]
Xh-XCZb9duc-00004-00007926-00008483 [Music]
Xh-XCZb9duc-00005-00008484-00008880 so
Xh-XCZb9duc-00006-00008881-00009883 [Music]
Xh-XCZb9duc-00007-00009884-00010137 so
Xh-XCZb9duc-00009-00014853-00017010 [Music]
Xh-XCZb9duc-00010-00017011-00018544 [Music]
Xh-XCZb9duc-00012-00022968-00023176 you
XiONVGkPTRA-00000-00000000-00000175 hey there friends and welcome back to
XiONVGkPTRA-00001-00000176-00000399 strange rebel gaming i'm brianna white
XiONVGkPTRA-00002-00000400-00000551 and today we'll be playing through
XiONVGkPTRA-00003-00000552-00000799 another amazing episode of final fantasy
XiONVGkPTRA-00004-00000800-00001054 7 remake we are getting through this
XiONVGkPTRA-00005-00001055-00001270 playthrough we are speeding through it
XiONVGkPTRA-00006-00001271-00001607 because of course we are because
XiONVGkPTRA-00007-00001607-00001734 in this game
XiONVGkPTRA-00008-00001735-00001887 can you believe that i still can't
XiONVGkPTRA-00009-00001888-00002095 believe it take a second before we begin
XiONVGkPTRA-00010-00002096-00002342 to hit the like button and i will thank
XiONVGkPTRA-00011-00002343-00002647 profusely a niagara falls of gratitude
XiONVGkPTRA-00012-00002648-00002855 to my patrons who support this content
XiONVGkPTRA-00013-00002856-00003166 and this stream and me
XiONVGkPTRA-00014-00003167-00003406 so thank you for that and now let's get
XiONVGkPTRA-00015-00003407-00003679 on to the gameplay video enjoy
XiONVGkPTRA-00016-00003679-00004143 continue gosh just a second
XiONVGkPTRA-00017-00004144-00004327 look at this menu screen
XiONVGkPTRA-00018-00004328-00004663 one more time
XiONVGkPTRA-00019-00004664-00004886 i don't always every time appreciate
XiONVGkPTRA-00020-00004887-00005095 this menu screen but truly i feel like
XiONVGkPTRA-00021-00005096-00005270 every time i should
XiONVGkPTRA-00022-00005271-00005406 it's that good
XiONVGkPTRA-00023-00005407-00005967 it's so pretty
XiONVGkPTRA-00024-00005968-00006767 i love it
XiONVGkPTRA-00025-00006768-00007303 wall market the vegas of midgar
XiONVGkPTRA-00026-00007304-00007663 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00027-00007664-00007863 but i also feel like it's like a little
XiONVGkPTRA-00028-00007864-00008127 bit of a scummier version of vegas like
XiONVGkPTRA-00029-00008128-00008319 vegas now is like super commercial
XiONVGkPTRA-00030-00008320-00008503 family friendly and safe but like maybe
XiONVGkPTRA-00031-00008504-00008719 it's like vegas
XiONVGkPTRA-00032-00008720-00008942 like 15 years ago
XiONVGkPTRA-00033-00008943-00009119 anybody anybody here from vegas and
XiONVGkPTRA-00034-00009120-00009839 agree with me
XiONVGkPTRA-00035-00009840-00010142 70s vegas even that long ago
XiONVGkPTRA-00036-00010143-00010591 maybe 50 years
XiONVGkPTRA-00037-00010592-00010846 okay so it's like vegas
XiONVGkPTRA-00038-00010847-00011031 40 years ago
XiONVGkPTRA-00039-00011032-00011303 so where are we we're at the coliseum
XiONVGkPTRA-00040-00011304-00011487 madame m told us
XiONVGkPTRA-00041-00011488-00011670 to
XiONVGkPTRA-00042-00011671-00011927 enter this coliseum battle
XiONVGkPTRA-00043-00011928-00012151 so that we could win a prize
XiONVGkPTRA-00044-00012152-00012463 that will pay for a dress for aerith so
XiONVGkPTRA-00045-00012464-00012663 madame m can send her into don corneo's
XiONVGkPTRA-00046-00012664-00012886 mansion so we can save tifa that's the
XiONVGkPTRA-00047-00012887-00013527 plot line as it stands right now
XiONVGkPTRA-00048-00013528-00013630 what's this
XiONVGkPTRA-00049-00013631-00013847 you're here to compete
XiONVGkPTRA-00050-00013847-00014015 i hope you know you're cutting it really
XiONVGkPTRA-00051-00014016-00014111 close
XiONVGkPTRA-00052-00014112-00014335 so the two of you are a team
XiONVGkPTRA-00053-00014336-00014430 team
XiONVGkPTRA-00054-00014431-00014583 no it's just me
XiONVGkPTRA-00055-00014584-00014783 yes the two of us are a team
XiONVGkPTRA-00056-00014784-00014999 i need to get into that audition but i
XiONVGkPTRA-00057-00015000-00015166 won't let anyone else fight my battles
XiONVGkPTRA-00058-00015168-00015647 for me that includes you mister
XiONVGkPTRA-00059-00015647-00015735 all right
XiONVGkPTRA-00060-00015736-00015863 team it is
XiONVGkPTRA-00061-00015863-00016327 head to the waiting area down below
XiONVGkPTRA-00062-00016328-00016567 i love aerith
XiONVGkPTRA-00063-00016568-00016863 at every point cloud's like
XiONVGkPTRA-00064-00016864-00017055 okay i'm gonna do my own thing eric is
XiONVGkPTRA-00065-00017056-00017222 like no
XiONVGkPTRA-00066-00017223-00017455 nope i'm not leaving your side mister
XiONVGkPTRA-00067-00017456-00017799 not gonna happen
XiONVGkPTRA-00068-00017800-00018094 i love it because and i wonder i do i
XiONVGkPTRA-00069-00018095-00018383 wonder if that's almost supposed to be
XiONVGkPTRA-00070-00018384-00018622 how the player feels
XiONVGkPTRA-00071-00018623-00018743 like
XiONVGkPTRA-00072-00018744-00019086 i know i as a player with my reasons
XiONVGkPTRA-00073-00019087-00019263 uh don't want aerith to ever leave the
XiONVGkPTRA-00074-00019264-00019703 party but i wonder if maybe like
XiONVGkPTRA-00075-00019704-00019871 if maybe like the player is supposed to
XiONVGkPTRA-00076-00019872-00020086 be like no aerith don't leave the party
XiONVGkPTRA-00077-00020087-00020399 i don't want you to leave my side
XiONVGkPTRA-00078-00020400-00020583 i don't know is it you think there's
XiONVGkPTRA-00079-00020584-00020991 something there i don't know
XiONVGkPTRA-00080-00020992-00021463 he said go down below talk to him
XiONVGkPTRA-00081-00021464-00021630 everybody knows i've got the best
XiONVGkPTRA-00082-00021631-00021903 coliseum souvenirs around and when i'm
XiONVGkPTRA-00083-00021904-00022230 open for business you can buy some
XiONVGkPTRA-00084-00022231-00022455 are you sure you have the best coliseum
XiONVGkPTRA-00085-00022456-00022694 souvenirs because all i see is this
XiONVGkPTRA-00086-00022695-00022839 weird gross
XiONVGkPTRA-00087-00022840-00022943 like
XiONVGkPTRA-00088-00022944-00023119 like mutant
XiONVGkPTRA-00089-00023120-00023303 hamster
XiONVGkPTRA-00090-00023304-00023430 with like
XiONVGkPTRA-00091-00023431-00023807 injury patches and weird colors
XiONVGkPTRA-00092-00023808-00023983 so i sort of feel like you don't have
XiONVGkPTRA-00093-00023984-00024441 the best souvenirs on the planet
XiONVGkPTRA-00094-00024442-00024935 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00095-00024936-00025135 a couple hats
XiONVGkPTRA-00096-00025136-00025422 that's it
XiONVGkPTRA-00097-00025423-00025711 i don't know sir
XiONVGkPTRA-00098-00025712-00026695 oh can you not imagine being poor
XiONVGkPTRA-00099-00026695-00027102 where am i going
XiONVGkPTRA-00100-00027104-00027887 underground coliseum
XiONVGkPTRA-00101-00027888-00028118 i guess because i'm inside i can't do i
XiONVGkPTRA-00102-00028119-00028246 just open the door
XiONVGkPTRA-00103-00028247-00028558 oh it's an elevator yes that makes sense
XiONVGkPTRA-00104-00028560-00029070 of course it makes sense
XiONVGkPTRA-00105-00029072-00029567 down down down we go
XiONVGkPTRA-00106-00029568-00030062 so how deep does this thing go you think
XiONVGkPTRA-00107-00030063-00030311 i wonder how many people are fighting is
XiONVGkPTRA-00108-00030312-00030535 cloud not going to respond
XiONVGkPTRA-00109-00030536-00030918 hey you're not nervous are you nope
XiONVGkPTRA-00110-00030919-00031199 really you're even more quiet than usual
XiONVGkPTRA-00111-00031200-00031358 just trying to focus
XiONVGkPTRA-00112-00031360-00031990 but you should
XiONVGkPTRA-00113-00031991-00032167 do you think he's still like wowed from
XiONVGkPTRA-00114-00032168-00032374 his amazing hand massage
XiONVGkPTRA-00115-00032375-00032543 he's still just like thinking about it
XiONVGkPTRA-00116-00032544-00032846 that's why he's so quiet
XiONVGkPTRA-00117-00032847-00033046 then aerith directly calls him out and
XiONVGkPTRA-00118-00033047-00033143 he's like
XiONVGkPTRA-00119-00033144-00035062 what i'm just focused over here
XiONVGkPTRA-00120-00035063-00035462 and bloodshed
XiONVGkPTRA-00121-00035463-00035718 are you sitting comfortably or tonight
XiONVGkPTRA-00122-00035719-00035943 the most gruesome spectacle anywhere in
XiONVGkPTRA-00123-00035944-00036183 walmart and beyond shall be yours to
XiONVGkPTRA-00124-00036184-00036279 witness
XiONVGkPTRA-00125-00036280-00036667 here in the cornea coliseum
XiONVGkPTRA-00126-00036668-00037135 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00127-00037136-00037318 there is only one way to get it
XiONVGkPTRA-00128-00037319-00037543 brutalize your opponent or really
XiONVGkPTRA-00129-00037544-00037790 another league viciously without mercy
XiONVGkPTRA-00130-00037791-00038007 he'll be vomiting
XiONVGkPTRA-00131-00038008-00038207 fighters the savages still standing here
XiONVGkPTRA-00132-00038208-00038446 at the end shall blame the kill and the
XiONVGkPTRA-00133-00038447-00038735 glory and now the long-awaited vision
XiONVGkPTRA-00134-00038736-00038959 with the bloodstar beast will battle for
XiONVGkPTRA-00135-00038960-00039159 your amusement
XiONVGkPTRA-00136-00039160-00039246 oh
XiONVGkPTRA-00137-00039247-00039937 of every
XiONVGkPTRA-00138-00039938-00040439 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00139-00040440-00040918 wow this place is really something
XiONVGkPTRA-00140-00040919-00041246 it's really something
XiONVGkPTRA-00141-00041247-00041487 these voice actors are
XiONVGkPTRA-00142-00041488-00041607 so
XiONVGkPTRA-00143-00041608-00041758 good
XiONVGkPTRA-00144-00041759-00041927 i remember
XiONVGkPTRA-00145-00041928-00042127 meeting them
XiONVGkPTRA-00146-00042128-00042318 uh it was announced
XiONVGkPTRA-00147-00042319-00042623 and i remember thinking i am so excited
XiONVGkPTRA-00148-00042624-00042783 to hear
XiONVGkPTRA-00149-00042784-00042943 everything
XiONVGkPTRA-00150-00042944-00043023 uh
XiONVGkPTRA-00151-00043024-00043223 that they're doing and so i'm really
XiONVGkPTRA-00152-00043224-00043462 excited it's uh
XiONVGkPTRA-00153-00043463-00043799 greg and chris and um
XiONVGkPTRA-00154-00043800-00044079 they're they're both wonderful humans so
XiONVGkPTRA-00155-00044080-00044287 please do find their social medias and
XiONVGkPTRA-00156-00044288-00044574 follow them there because
XiONVGkPTRA-00157-00044575-00044911 stand up guys and uh youtube really i'm
XiONVGkPTRA-00158-00044912-00045079 here until it's time
XiONVGkPTRA-00159-00045080-00045287 really awesome job wait here until it's
XiONVGkPTRA-00160-00045288-00045374 time
XiONVGkPTRA-00161-00045375-00045623 tell me what to do i'm gonna explore
XiONVGkPTRA-00162-00045624-00045846 okay i came out of that elevator
XiONVGkPTRA-00163-00045847-00046183 so what if i try going in
XiONVGkPTRA-00164-00046184-00046630 this little room
XiONVGkPTRA-00165-00046631-00046990 a potions vending machine and my best
XiONVGkPTRA-00166-00046991-00047343 friend
XiONVGkPTRA-00167-00047344-00047495 bench
XiONVGkPTRA-00168-00047496-00047895 thanks bench
XiONVGkPTRA-00169-00047896-00048079 i don't know how much i need you because
XiONVGkPTRA-00170-00048080-00048255 i just slept at the inn
XiONVGkPTRA-00171-00048256-00048439 but
XiONVGkPTRA-00172-00048440-00048551 still
XiONVGkPTRA-00173-00048552-00048807 you can't pass by a bench and not sit on
XiONVGkPTRA-00174-00048808-00048943 it
XiONVGkPTRA-00175-00048944-00049143 you see a bench you put your butt on
XiONVGkPTRA-00176-00049144-00049271 that bench
XiONVGkPTRA-00177-00049272-00049558 it's what you do
XiONVGkPTRA-00178-00049559-00049790 okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00179-00049791-00050046 so mega potions are on discount which is
XiONVGkPTRA-00180-00050047-00050367 great because i'll take as many as i can
XiONVGkPTRA-00181-00050368-00050615 afford
XiONVGkPTRA-00182-00050616-00051015 uh they had one in stock so i bought one
XiONVGkPTRA-00183-00051016-00051326 ether i'll buy one on discount
XiONVGkPTRA-00184-00051327-00051535 phoenix down sure because it's on
XiONVGkPTRA-00185-00051536-00051679 discount
XiONVGkPTRA-00186-00051679-00051854 the rest
XiONVGkPTRA-00187-00051855-00052054 i don't really need more phoenix downs i
XiONVGkPTRA-00188-00052055-00052246 don't really need more ethers i could
XiONVGkPTRA-00189-00052247-00052447 use more makeup potions but they're sold
XiONVGkPTRA-00190-00052448-00052542 out
XiONVGkPTRA-00191-00052544-00052703 high potions
XiONVGkPTRA-00192-00052704-00053142 i mean i don't know how many i'll need
XiONVGkPTRA-00193-00053144-00053342 i don't know anything about this fight
XiONVGkPTRA-00194-00053344-00053503 well i know one thing about it but i
XiONVGkPTRA-00195-00053504-00053879 don't know anything about most of it
XiONVGkPTRA-00196-00053879-00053966 so
XiONVGkPTRA-00197-00053967-00054735 as for the rest
XiONVGkPTRA-00198-00054736-00055766 can't say much about it honestly
XiONVGkPTRA-00199-00055767-00056015 like why are they giving me the option
XiONVGkPTRA-00200-00056016-00056238 to buy these things but they're not in
XiONVGkPTRA-00201-00056239-00056575 stock oh because i'm poor okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00202-00056576-00056863 so because i don't have the gill i can't
XiONVGkPTRA-00203-00056864-00057159 buy these super awesome
XiONVGkPTRA-00204-00057160-00057815 power ups accessories
XiONVGkPTRA-00205-00057816-00058207 uh
XiONVGkPTRA-00206-00058208-00058607 okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00207-00058608-00058879 so then my options here might be kind of
XiONVGkPTRA-00208-00058879-00059175 limited
XiONVGkPTRA-00209-00059176-00059623 i haven't really been happy with my
XiONVGkPTRA-00210-00059624-00059775 with my build
XiONVGkPTRA-00211-00059776-00059926 recently
XiONVGkPTRA-00212-00059927-00060182 so we have a few upgrades to do before
XiONVGkPTRA-00213-00060183-00060366 we head into this fight nope we don't
XiONVGkPTRA-00214-00060367-00060566 even we don't even have a few upgrades
XiONVGkPTRA-00215-00060567-00060799 to do
XiONVGkPTRA-00216-00060800-00061038 so what do we have here elemental and
XiONVGkPTRA-00217-00061039-00061447 wind which is generally good against
XiONVGkPTRA-00218-00061448-00061742 like dragons drakes
XiONVGkPTRA-00219-00061744-00061926 but it's not i haven't seen it be good
XiONVGkPTRA-00220-00061927-00062126 against a lot of things so i'd almost
XiONVGkPTRA-00221-00062127-00062342 rather switch her to ice here
XiONVGkPTRA-00222-00062344-00062566 or thunder if we're gonna have robotic
XiONVGkPTRA-00223-00062567-00062726 opponents
XiONVGkPTRA-00224-00062727-00062887 but i don't know
XiONVGkPTRA-00225-00062888-00063142 it's just kind of
XiONVGkPTRA-00226-00063144-00063359 a toss-up right now because i don't know
XiONVGkPTRA-00227-00063360-00063879 what i'm in for
XiONVGkPTRA-00228-00063879-00064191 i think prey stays
XiONVGkPTRA-00229-00064191-00064566 i stay shiva stays
XiONVGkPTRA-00230-00064567-00064847 well what are our other options chocobo
XiONVGkPTRA-00231-00064848-00064959 and moogle
XiONVGkPTRA-00232-00064960-00065103 no
XiONVGkPTRA-00233-00065104-00065279 kerplunk no
XiONVGkPTRA-00234-00065279-00065535 or cactuar no so let's keep shiva and
XiONVGkPTRA-00235-00065536-00065743 ifrit
XiONVGkPTRA-00236-00065744-00066055 magic attack power stays up elemental
XiONVGkPTRA-00237-00066056-00066167 wind
XiONVGkPTRA-00238-00066168-00066879 but let's switch this to
XiONVGkPTRA-00239-00066880-00067282 let's switch this
XiONVGkPTRA-00240-00067283-00067623 to allows you to expand the range of
XiONVGkPTRA-00241-00067624-00068063 spells with the linked material
XiONVGkPTRA-00242-00068064-00068359 oh so like
XiONVGkPTRA-00243-00068360-00068735 makes it have a wider area of effect
XiONVGkPTRA-00244-00068736-00069063 okay finding barrier
XiONVGkPTRA-00245-00069064-00069279 lightning we'll put in there just in
XiONVGkPTRA-00246-00069280-00069431 case
XiONVGkPTRA-00247-00069432-00069606 i might regret
XiONVGkPTRA-00248-00069607-00070082 not having wind in there but at the same
XiONVGkPTRA-00249-00070083-00070326 time i don't know
XiONVGkPTRA-00250-00070327-00070550 this is actually really helpful so i
XiONVGkPTRA-00251-00070551-00070879 think i'll keep it in for that for now
XiONVGkPTRA-00252-00070880-00071191 because then i get three atb's just
XiONVGkPTRA-00253-00071192-00071326 ready to go
XiONVGkPTRA-00254-00071327-00071582 fire he keeps he always has that assess
XiONVGkPTRA-00255-00071583-00071831 so i know weaknesses barrier is good hp
XiONVGkPTRA-00256-00071832-00071943 up is
XiONVGkPTRA-00257-00071944-00072167 maybe not necessary
XiONVGkPTRA-00258-00072168-00072367 maybe instead i want to have something
XiONVGkPTRA-00259-00072368-00072679 else in there like
XiONVGkPTRA-00260-00072680-00072815 cure
XiONVGkPTRA-00261-00072816-00073031 yeah a healing material might be really
XiONVGkPTRA-00262-00073032-00073191 good for him to have because i really
XiONVGkPTRA-00263-00073192-00073375 missed that in the fat chocobo fight i
XiONVGkPTRA-00264-00073376-00073687 thought cloud has an atb i need healing
XiONVGkPTRA-00265-00073688-00073991 he could use potions but
XiONVGkPTRA-00266-00073992-00074359 i just need to heal one party member
XiONVGkPTRA-00267-00074360-00074687 but if he doesn't have a very high like
XiONVGkPTRA-00268-00074688-00074855 magic it's not going to heal as much as
XiONVGkPTRA-00269-00074856-00075159 a potion anyway and we have the potions
XiONVGkPTRA-00270-00075160-00075494 so maybe it's better to give him
XiONVGkPTRA-00271-00075495-00075662 item master
XiONVGkPTRA-00272-00075663-00075911 then we can level up that material and
XiONVGkPTRA-00273-00075912-00076335 potions will do better
XiONVGkPTRA-00274-00076336-00076543 i kind of dig that
XiONVGkPTRA-00275-00076544-00076655 option
XiONVGkPTRA-00276-00076656-00076782 i don't know how well it's going to do
XiONVGkPTRA-00277-00076783-00077038 for us but for now
XiONVGkPTRA-00278-00077039-00078206 i'll try it and we'll see
XiONVGkPTRA-00279-00078207-00078326 who's this
XiONVGkPTRA-00280-00078327-00078647 johnny what are you doing here always
XiONVGkPTRA-00281-00078648-00078862 this kid's in trouble oh
XiONVGkPTRA-00282-00078863-00078991 you again
XiONVGkPTRA-00283-00078992-00079255 ouch what happened to your face
XiONVGkPTRA-00284-00079256-00079526 i just needed a little scratch you know
XiONVGkPTRA-00285-00079527-00079855 so i signed up for the preliminaries and
XiONVGkPTRA-00286-00079856-00079967 well
XiONVGkPTRA-00287-00079968-00080215 i hope you guys realize what you're
XiONVGkPTRA-00288-00080216-00080350 getting into
XiONVGkPTRA-00289-00080351-00080559 i don't want to scare you but
XiONVGkPTRA-00290-00080560-00080775 if you can make a run for it you should
XiONVGkPTRA-00291-00080776-00080935 i don't want to scare you but here's
XiONVGkPTRA-00292-00080936-00081206 something that should scare you
XiONVGkPTRA-00293-00081207-00081367 cloud and aaron
XiONVGkPTRA-00294-00081368-00081743 your match will begin shortly
XiONVGkPTRA-00295-00081744-00082238 please make your way to the gate
XiONVGkPTRA-00296-00082239-00082543 we're in way too deep to back out now
XiONVGkPTRA-00297-00082544-00082855 oh did you see how her braid got caught
XiONVGkPTRA-00298-00082856-00083062 on her shoulder for a minute
XiONVGkPTRA-00299-00083063-00083318 i love when games surprise you with the
XiONVGkPTRA-00300-00083319-00083623 level of
XiONVGkPTRA-00301-00083624-00083847 detail i don't really know what to call
XiONVGkPTRA-00302-00083848-00083999 it but
XiONVGkPTRA-00303-00084000-00084238 you know you kind of expect hair to be
XiONVGkPTRA-00304-00084239-00084399 kind of blocky because that's the
XiONVGkPTRA-00305-00084400-00084599 limitation of the game in the time that
XiONVGkPTRA-00306-00084600-00084815 we're in now but when a hair like or
XiONVGkPTRA-00307-00084816-00085079 when anything unexpectedly catches you
XiONVGkPTRA-00308-00085080-00085279 as realistic
XiONVGkPTRA-00309-00085280-00085703 it's kind of cool
XiONVGkPTRA-00310-00085704-00085838 okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00311-00085839-00086038 so
XiONVGkPTRA-00312-00086039-00086231 we talked to johnny we looks like we
XiONVGkPTRA-00313-00086232-00086406 could talk to him again it looks like we
XiONVGkPTRA-00314-00086407-00086582 can take
XiONVGkPTRA-00315-00086583-00086838 it's a gift from don cornell
XiONVGkPTRA-00316-00086839-00087047 drink it and they say you'll be raring
XiONVGkPTRA-00317-00087048-00087262 to go for hours on it
XiONVGkPTRA-00318-00087263-00087391 if i had
XiONVGkPTRA-00319-00087392-00087543 maybe things would have gone differently
XiONVGkPTRA-00320-00087544-00087671 for me
XiONVGkPTRA-00321-00087672-00088447 maybe you should it's yours if you want
XiONVGkPTRA-00322-00088448-00089062 it's a gift from don corneo
XiONVGkPTRA-00323-00089063-00089271 i get this feeling that maybe it'll
XiONVGkPTRA-00324-00089272-00089526 power you up temporarily but
XiONVGkPTRA-00325-00089527-00089615 then
XiONVGkPTRA-00326-00089616-00089855 there's a price
XiONVGkPTRA-00327-00089856-00090087 a gift from don corneo sounds very
XiONVGkPTRA-00328-00090088-00090231 suspicious
XiONVGkPTRA-00329-00090232-00090438 this is very much like
XiONVGkPTRA-00330-00090439-00090743 the alice in wonderland like
XiONVGkPTRA-00331-00090744-00090982 drink me you don't just go around
XiONVGkPTRA-00332-00090983-00091159 drinking things that people tell you to
XiONVGkPTRA-00333-00091160-00091615 drink
XiONVGkPTRA-00334-00091616-00091838 my gut says uh-uh
XiONVGkPTRA-00335-00091839-00092031 no
XiONVGkPTRA-00336-00092032-00092350 if only i tried it no johnny
XiONVGkPTRA-00337-00092351-00092679 don't do drugs kids
XiONVGkPTRA-00338-00092680-00092991 we'll see
XiONVGkPTRA-00339-00092992-00093135 we'll save the game here even though we
XiONVGkPTRA-00340-00093136-00093423 just loaded in so i don't really need to
XiONVGkPTRA-00341-00093424-00093582 but we'll save it anyway
XiONVGkPTRA-00342-00093583-00093774 okay they're they're hyping this fight
XiONVGkPTRA-00343-00093775-00093943 up to be really challenging let's see
XiONVGkPTRA-00344-00093944-00094462 how it goes you two ready
XiONVGkPTRA-00345-00094463-00094655 first round okay here we go to get
XiONVGkPTRA-00346-00094656-00095535 yourselves killed
XiONVGkPTRA-00347-00095536-00095718 for our next batch we welcome two
XiONVGkPTRA-00348-00095719-00096038 fighters a young couple
XiONVGkPTRA-00349-00096039-00096247 this is their first tournament
XiONVGkPTRA-00350-00096248-00096487 first date and most likely their last
XiONVGkPTRA-00351-00096488-00096823 inexperienced as they are or are they
XiONVGkPTRA-00352-00096824-00097130 give it up or are
XiONVGkPTRA-00353-00097131-00098103 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00354-00098104-00098255 out of here with that they dummy
XiONVGkPTRA-00355-00098256-00098447 [__] what's up with the poles gonna
XiONVGkPTRA-00356-00098448-00098926 do a little dance for you baby girl
XiONVGkPTRA-00357-00098927-00099087 how rude
XiONVGkPTRA-00358-00099088-00099199 okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00359-00099200-00099323 now i'm mad
XiONVGkPTRA-00360-00099324-00099438 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00361-00099439-00101815 exactly
XiONVGkPTRA-00362-00101816-00101943 what does this staff member have
XiONVGkPTRA-00363-00101944-00102338 anything to do with it
XiONVGkPTRA-00364-00102339-00103590 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00365-00103591-00103782 this is like some gladiator contest
XiONVGkPTRA-00366-00103783-00103918 stuff
XiONVGkPTRA-00367-00103919-00104294 so don't even blink
XiONVGkPTRA-00368-00104295-00104686 of the first round begins now okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00369-00104688-00104919 we're gonna start with you because i
XiONVGkPTRA-00370-00104920-00105231 just have this feeling then we're going
XiONVGkPTRA-00371-00105232-00105766 to cast a cess on your blood hound
XiONVGkPTRA-00372-00105767-00105990 and weak to blizzard
XiONVGkPTRA-00373-00105991-00106119 sweet so we're going to fight with
XiONVGkPTRA-00374-00106120-00106295 aerith we're going to use lots of ice on
XiONVGkPTRA-00375-00106296-00106519 them and hopefully shiva will build
XiONVGkPTRA-00376-00106520-00106639 really quickly
XiONVGkPTRA-00377-00106640-00106783 unless they're in the middle of an
XiONVGkPTRA-00378-00106783-00107023 attack or knocked off balance they evade
XiONVGkPTRA-00379-00107024-00107231 all magic except for spells that are
XiONVGkPTRA-00380-00107232-00107615 guaranteed to hit
XiONVGkPTRA-00381-00107616-00107831 okay so the plan that i just built um
XiONVGkPTRA-00382-00107832-00108215 it's gonna need to be adjusted uh
XiONVGkPTRA-00383-00108216-00108466 they evade all magic
XiONVGkPTRA-00384-00108467-00108647 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00385-00108648-00108815 okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00386-00108816-00109007 uh
XiONVGkPTRA-00387-00109008-00109247 i guess we'll stick with cloud until
XiONVGkPTRA-00388-00109248-00109590 they get staggered
XiONVGkPTRA-00389-00109591-00109831 how fast do they get staggered though is
XiONVGkPTRA-00390-00109832-00110231 kind of a question
XiONVGkPTRA-00391-00110232-00110519 because i just don't have the confidence
XiONVGkPTRA-00392-00110520-00110663 to
XiONVGkPTRA-00393-00110664-00110831 like wait until they're in the middle of
XiONVGkPTRA-00394-00110832-00111215 an attack because
XiONVGkPTRA-00395-00111216-00111647 finish it ready or not here i come
XiONVGkPTRA-00396-00111648-00111790 good night
XiONVGkPTRA-00397-00111791-00112031 good night okay this isn't too bad so
XiONVGkPTRA-00398-00112032-00112807 far
XiONVGkPTRA-00399-00112808-00112943 i have a feeling this is just the
XiONVGkPTRA-00400-00112944-00113854 beginning though
XiONVGkPTRA-00401-00113855-00114775 your mind
XiONVGkPTRA-00402-00114776-00116143 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00403-00116144-00116302 he got wrecked
XiONVGkPTRA-00404-00116303-00116620 he got wrecked
XiONVGkPTRA-00405-00116621-00117158 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00406-00117159-00117390 cause he said first round so i'm gonna
XiONVGkPTRA-00407-00117391-00117766 assume there's a second round
XiONVGkPTRA-00408-00117767-00118039 i'm gonna assume that round is meant to
XiONVGkPTRA-00409-00118040-00118343 give confidence and then they throw a
XiONVGkPTRA-00410-00118344-00118534 really hard battle at you and you get
XiONVGkPTRA-00411-00118535-00118775 your butt kicked is what i'm gonna guess
XiONVGkPTRA-00412-00118776-00118999 please return to your waiting room you
XiONVGkPTRA-00413-00119000-00119295 return to your meeting room
XiONVGkPTRA-00414-00119296-00119702 well that's one win down go team
XiONVGkPTRA-00415-00119703-00119854 what's wrong
XiONVGkPTRA-00416-00119855-00120071 the rules don't make sense
XiONVGkPTRA-00417-00120072-00120327 yeah true but maybe it'll be better in
XiONVGkPTRA-00418-00120328-00120478 the next match
XiONVGkPTRA-00419-00120479-00120710 nah wouldn't bet on it
XiONVGkPTRA-00420-00120711-00121119 better to expect the worst
XiONVGkPTRA-00421-00121120-00121278 okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00422-00121279-00121495 best to expect the worst so we didn't
XiONVGkPTRA-00423-00121496-00121710 use any potions but
XiONVGkPTRA-00424-00121711-00122086 we're gonna go sit on our bench
XiONVGkPTRA-00425-00122088-00122527 benchy bench bench
XiONVGkPTRA-00426-00122528-00122863 your match will begin shortly
XiONVGkPTRA-00427-00122864-00123086 please make your way to the gate stop
XiONVGkPTRA-00428-00123088-00123239 telling me what to do announcer i'm
XiONVGkPTRA-00429-00123240-00123631 having my bench time right now
XiONVGkPTRA-00430-00123632-00123863 announcer doesn't get it
XiONVGkPTRA-00431-00123864-00124031 look at these flowers
XiONVGkPTRA-00432-00124032-00124254 victory flowers
XiONVGkPTRA-00433-00124255-00124447 and mind you there's an aerith flower in
XiONVGkPTRA-00434-00124448-00124671 there as well
XiONVGkPTRA-00435-00124672-00124871 also what are flowers doing in here i
XiONVGkPTRA-00436-00124872-00125047 thought arith was like
XiONVGkPTRA-00437-00125048-00125199 one of the only people who could grow
XiONVGkPTRA-00438-00125200-00125463 flowers in midgar she's like when's the
XiONVGkPTRA-00439-00125464-00125758 last time you saw a real one
XiONVGkPTRA-00440-00125759-00126023 so i'm kind of wondering
XiONVGkPTRA-00441-00126024-00126319 is that like a slums versus non-slums
XiONVGkPTRA-00442-00126320-00126654 thing maybe in the other sectors
XiONVGkPTRA-00443-00126655-00126839 there are flowers oh they could be fake
XiONVGkPTRA-00444-00126840-00127231 yeah that's true
XiONVGkPTRA-00445-00127232-00127399 that's what they call beginner's luck
XiONVGkPTRA-00446-00127400-00127558 that's what i'm worried about match
XiONVGkPTRA-00447-00127559-00127758 won't be so easy bring it on ready to
XiONVGkPTRA-00448-00127759-00128031 rock well i'm ready
XiONVGkPTRA-00449-00128032-00128199 just remember did they call that
XiONVGkPTRA-00450-00128200-00128423 semi-finals oh so there's only three
XiONVGkPTRA-00451-00128424-00128727 rounds
XiONVGkPTRA-00452-00128728-00129049 doesn't sound right
XiONVGkPTRA-00453-00129050-00129975 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00454-00129976-00131102 give it up once again for cloud and
XiONVGkPTRA-00455-00131103-00131759 that's not our fault spectator he chose
XiONVGkPTRA-00456-00131760-00131878 oh wrong it going to be the bandits
XiONVGkPTRA-00457-00131879-00132014 again
XiONVGkPTRA-00458-00132015-00132239 you're going to steal my guilt
XiONVGkPTRA-00459-00132240-00132463 ladies and gentlemen check their pockets
XiONVGkPTRA-00460-00132464-00132623 because they may have already robbed
XiONVGkPTRA-00461-00132624-00132735 your flight
XiONVGkPTRA-00462-00132736-00132959 the most contemptible ton of [__] is
XiONVGkPTRA-00463-00132960-00133383 not a wall market
XiONVGkPTRA-00464-00133384-00133590 bring it on
XiONVGkPTRA-00465-00133591-00133923 i've kicked your butt already once
XiONVGkPTRA-00466-00133924-00135727 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00467-00135728-00135994 desserts taste like
XiONVGkPTRA-00468-00135995-00136902 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00469-00136903-00137127 oh there's a lot more now okay so we're
XiONVGkPTRA-00470-00137128-00137343 gonna be all ready i got some plans for
XiONVGkPTRA-00471-00137344-00137495 some triple slash
XiONVGkPTRA-00472-00137496-00138129 i got some plans for fire
XiONVGkPTRA-00473-00138130-00140031 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00474-00140032-00140254 don't look away or you may miss the best
XiONVGkPTRA-00475-00140255-00140383 part
XiONVGkPTRA-00476-00140384-00140599 the second match of the cornell cup
XiONVGkPTRA-00477-00140600-00140902 semi-finals
XiONVGkPTRA-00478-00140903-00141023 okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00479-00141024-00141151 so
XiONVGkPTRA-00480-00141152-00141375 i don't like guy with nail back
XiONVGkPTRA-00481-00141376-00142831 he is going down real
XiONVGkPTRA-00482-00142832-00143143 what do you have that can be helpful
XiONVGkPTRA-00483-00143144-00143951 i know what i'm gonna do
XiONVGkPTRA-00484-00143952-00145751 get ready
XiONVGkPTRA-00485-00145752-00147447 what are we gonna do here
XiONVGkPTRA-00486-00147448-00147814 is that a trap on the floor
XiONVGkPTRA-00487-00147815-00148054 over here so that we can be together
XiONVGkPTRA-00488-00148055-00148143 and
XiONVGkPTRA-00489-00148144-00148407 because i don't know if there's like
XiONVGkPTRA-00490-00148408-00148639 a limit a distance limit a proximity
XiONVGkPTRA-00491-00148640-00148807 limit on prey so i'm just going to get
XiONVGkPTRA-00492-00148808-00149063 close okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00493-00149064-00149263 we'll switch on over to get some fire
XiONVGkPTRA-00494-00149264-00149431 here
XiONVGkPTRA-00495-00149432-00149587 what are you guys just doing standing
XiONVGkPTRA-00496-00149588-00151087 together together
XiONVGkPTRA-00497-00151088-00152566 oh i got trapped i'll take care
XiONVGkPTRA-00498-00152567-00152702 okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00499-00152703-00153231 we're gonna use some prey again
XiONVGkPTRA-00500-00153232-00153343 my turn
XiONVGkPTRA-00501-00153344-00153823 and cloud is gonna use some fire
XiONVGkPTRA-00502-00153824-00153975 on you you
XiONVGkPTRA-00503-00153976-00155207 or you
XiONVGkPTRA-00504-00155208-00155502 meanwhile we're gonna use a high potion
XiONVGkPTRA-00505-00155503-00155647 on cloud
XiONVGkPTRA-00506-00155648-00156042 i'll take care of you
XiONVGkPTRA-00507-00156043-00156407 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00508-00156408-00156871 and cloud is gonna get
XiONVGkPTRA-00509-00156872-00157095 another high potion
XiONVGkPTRA-00510-00157096-00157254 i don't want to use that though i don't
XiONVGkPTRA-00511-00157255-00157487 think he needs it he's not taking damage
XiONVGkPTRA-00512-00157488-00157687 quickly he's just taking it
XiONVGkPTRA-00513-00157688-00157911 over time
XiONVGkPTRA-00514-00157912-00158151 and we got a bench coming up one more
XiONVGkPTRA-00515-00158152-00158590 shot so
XiONVGkPTRA-00516-00158591-00158951 cloud just go ahead and hit them with uh
XiONVGkPTRA-00517-00158952-00159287 one of those
XiONVGkPTRA-00518-00159288-00159607 i regained gill on top of the gill i won
XiONVGkPTRA-00519-00159608-00159911 for beating them regained a thousand
XiONVGkPTRA-00520-00159912-00160126 kill they took from me uh i don't
XiONVGkPTRA-00521-00160127-00160302 remember how many exactly
XiONVGkPTRA-00522-00160303-00160726 but somehow the winners of our match are
XiONVGkPTRA-00523-00160727-00160926 clouded
XiONVGkPTRA-00524-00160927-00161141 clown
XiONVGkPTRA-00525-00161142-00161171 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00526-00161172-00161663 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00527-00161664-00161847 oh he's really passed out this time all
XiONVGkPTRA-00528-00161848-00161926 right
XiONVGkPTRA-00529-00161927-00162151 yeah you're passed out it's not even
XiONVGkPTRA-00530-00162152-00162696 worth it
XiONVGkPTRA-00531-00162697-00162995 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00532-00162996-00163926 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00533-00163927-00164159 his palm told quite the tale he's
XiONVGkPTRA-00534-00164160-00164583 cheated death more than a few times
XiONVGkPTRA-00535-00164584-00164863 so if half the people in this town
XiONVGkPTRA-00536-00164864-00165223 look at the floppy bee tail in the back
XiONVGkPTRA-00537-00165224-00165623 it's floppy listen i'm really concerned
XiONVGkPTRA-00538-00165624-00165902 what type of fabric it is or texture
XiONVGkPTRA-00539-00165903-00166166 these days your luck is going to run out
XiONVGkPTRA-00540-00166167-00166463 it's like bouncing back there
XiONVGkPTRA-00541-00166464-00167119 maybe i'll land in your parlor once more
XiONVGkPTRA-00542-00167120-00167375 that is one mistake i will never repeal
XiONVGkPTRA-00543-00167376-00167663 ooh they've got history
XiONVGkPTRA-00544-00167664-00167919 you gotta admit andy the way he moves is
XiONVGkPTRA-00545-00167920-00168166 totally amazing
XiONVGkPTRA-00546-00168167-00168695 andy
XiONVGkPTRA-00547-00168696-00168919 oh wow
XiONVGkPTRA-00548-00168920-00169190 that animation was so good he was like
XiONVGkPTRA-00549-00169191-00169383 brushing his lip and his lip was
XiONVGkPTRA-00550-00169384-00169638 actually like moving under it
XiONVGkPTRA-00551-00169639-00169790 just thinking about what we might face
XiONVGkPTRA-00552-00169791-00169902 next
XiONVGkPTRA-00553-00169903-00170151 but you know we've made it this far i'm
XiONVGkPTRA-00554-00170152-00170326 sure we can handle anything they throw
XiONVGkPTRA-00555-00170327-00170502 at us
XiONVGkPTRA-00556-00170503-00170695 yeah come on cloud what is your deal why
XiONVGkPTRA-00557-00170696-00171087 are you so negative nancy
XiONVGkPTRA-00558-00171088-00171831 it's bench time
XiONVGkPTRA-00559-00171832-00172119 okay cloud and errors the final match
XiONVGkPTRA-00560-00172120-00172654 will begin shortly
XiONVGkPTRA-00561-00172655-00173023 we used a couple potions there
XiONVGkPTRA-00562-00173024-00173359 wait a minute
XiONVGkPTRA-00563-00173360-00173607 it goes back on discount every time you
XiONVGkPTRA-00564-00173608-00173951 come in here
XiONVGkPTRA-00565-00173952-00174054 so
XiONVGkPTRA-00566-00174055-00174214 right after the first round i could have
XiONVGkPTRA-00567-00174215-00174414 bought another mega potion for only 300
XiONVGkPTRA-00568-00174415-00174726 gil
XiONVGkPTRA-00569-00174727-00174887 wow
XiONVGkPTRA-00570-00174888-00175102 rude
XiONVGkPTRA-00571-00175103-00175278 look at all those discounts i was
XiONVGkPTRA-00572-00175279-00176311 missing out on
XiONVGkPTRA-00573-00176312-00176495 just rude how come we don't get more
XiONVGkPTRA-00574-00176496-00176735 flowers for winning more i feel like we
XiONVGkPTRA-00575-00176736-00177143 should
XiONVGkPTRA-00576-00177144-00177319 okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00577-00177320-00177675 what are you oh there's all our flowers
XiONVGkPTRA-00578-00177676-00177838 winners
XiONVGkPTRA-00579-00177839-00178063 those are winning flowers right there
XiONVGkPTRA-00580-00178064-00178231 how did i know i was gonna be getting
XiONVGkPTRA-00581-00178232-00178663 more flowers though not bad not bad
XiONVGkPTRA-00582-00178664-00178878 really stuff that's all you have to say
XiONVGkPTRA-00583-00178879-00179087 look at these flowers these flowers say
XiONVGkPTRA-00584-00179088-00179783 otherwise
XiONVGkPTRA-00585-00179784-00180038 man you proved me wrong you guys are
XiONVGkPTRA-00586-00180039-00180199 pretty good that's right it's the first
XiONVGkPTRA-00587-00180200-00180471 pretty good you good to go final match
XiONVGkPTRA-00588-00180472-00180719 bring it on did i save
XiONVGkPTRA-00589-00180720-00180999 hey it's the finals take all the time
XiONVGkPTRA-00590-00181000-00181254 you need all the time i need gatekeeper
XiONVGkPTRA-00591-00181255-00181814 see you next wednesday
XiONVGkPTRA-00592-00181815-00181966 he has no idea
XiONVGkPTRA-00593-00181967-00182429 he has no idea who i am
XiONVGkPTRA-00594-00182430-00182807 [Laughter]
XiONVGkPTRA-00595-00182808-00183207 okay so we're gonna save the game
XiONVGkPTRA-00596-00183208-00183326 then we're gonna get back into this
XiONVGkPTRA-00597-00183327-00183483 coliseum
XiONVGkPTRA-00598-00183484-00184054 battle we'll see how it goes
XiONVGkPTRA-00599-00184055-00184359 it's the final match you good to go
XiONVGkPTRA-00600-00184360-00184575 i'm good to go i've got a lot of money
XiONVGkPTRA-00601-00184576-00184743 riding on youtube
XiONVGkPTRA-00602-00184744-00184883 win it for me
XiONVGkPTRA-00603-00184884-00185126 uh no
XiONVGkPTRA-00604-00185127-00185423 gonna win it for tifa not for you sir
XiONVGkPTRA-00605-00185424-00185726 ladies and gentlemen our time together
XiONVGkPTRA-00606-00185727-00185911 is almost over
XiONVGkPTRA-00607-00185912-00186143 tonight's thrilling tornado cup filled
XiONVGkPTRA-00608-00186144-00186390 with unprecedented upsets and drama has
XiONVGkPTRA-00609-00186391-00186823 only one match to go
XiONVGkPTRA-00610-00186824-00187063 we know we're just as disappointed as
XiONVGkPTRA-00611-00187064-00187335 you are but ladies and gentlemen all
XiONVGkPTRA-00612-00187336-00187702 good things must come to an end so let's
XiONVGkPTRA-00613-00187703-00187999 celebrate by getting so damn loud
XiONVGkPTRA-00614-00188000-00188454 they'll hear us up on the plane yeah
XiONVGkPTRA-00615-00188455-00188671 come on
XiONVGkPTRA-00616-00188672-00188935 once more the sweepers have surprised us
XiONVGkPTRA-00617-00188936-00189247 with upset after spectacular upset the
XiONVGkPTRA-00618-00189248-00189454 power couple with a boundless knot for
XiONVGkPTRA-00619-00189455-00189631 bloodshed
XiONVGkPTRA-00620-00189632-00189854 the champions of madame
XiONVGkPTRA-00621-00189855-00190086 cloud and aaron
XiONVGkPTRA-00622-00190087-00190231 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00623-00190232-00190431 i love
XiONVGkPTRA-00624-00190432-00190735 how well their character animations were
XiONVGkPTRA-00625-00190736-00191140 done they're just so good
XiONVGkPTRA-00626-00191141-00191711 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00627-00191712-00191883 come
XiONVGkPTRA-00628-00191884-00192102 on now
XiONVGkPTRA-00629-00192103-00192359 five-time winners at the cornell cup
XiONVGkPTRA-00630-00192360-00192559 murder machines with countless kills to
XiONVGkPTRA-00631-00192560-00192759 their names along with a handful of
XiONVGkPTRA-00632-00192760-00192919 meanings but definitely duel that takes
XiONVGkPTRA-00633-00192920-00193126 out the trash for the bubble vengeance
XiONVGkPTRA-00634-00193127-00193731 oh that was a good line
XiONVGkPTRA-00635-00193732-00194383 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00636-00194384-00194750 i am so glad i have lighting material
XiONVGkPTRA-00637-00194751-00195007 more like shimmer armor
XiONVGkPTRA-00638-00195008-00195223 oh i'm so glad
XiONVGkPTRA-00639-00195224-00195407 eric you can't keep calling it cheating
XiONVGkPTRA-00640-00195408-00195671 i know it is but
XiONVGkPTRA-00641-00195672-00195983 you're gonna have to do it anyway
XiONVGkPTRA-00642-00195984-00196159 guaranteed
XiONVGkPTRA-00643-00196160-00196311 what are those robots gonna do with one
XiONVGkPTRA-00644-00196312-00196559 million gill prize money the cornell cup
XiONVGkPTRA-00645-00196560-00196863 begins now
XiONVGkPTRA-00646-00196864-00197031 deal with that i'll show you what i did
XiONVGkPTRA-00647-00197032-00197319 oh that was very quick
XiONVGkPTRA-00648-00197320-00197511 hey
XiONVGkPTRA-00649-00197512-00197735 hey that's cheating you can't attack me
XiONVGkPTRA-00650-00197736-00198135 can we target them there we go
XiONVGkPTRA-00651-00198136-00198471 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00652-00198472-00198838 dang it does that get interrupted it did
XiONVGkPTRA-00653-00198839-00199098 can you leave me alone please ma'am
XiONVGkPTRA-00654-00199099-00199343 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00655-00199344-00199487 stop it
XiONVGkPTRA-00656-00199488-00199761 stop chasing me
XiONVGkPTRA-00657-00199762-00200063 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00658-00200064-00200375 fire blast okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00659-00200376-00201390 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00660-00201391-00201638 okay this should do
XiONVGkPTRA-00661-00201639-00201863 a little bit more to stagger oh it's
XiONVGkPTRA-00662-00201864-00202126 just gonna kill it okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00663-00202127-00202263 here it comes
XiONVGkPTRA-00664-00202264-00202495 this was for you what how did cutter get
XiONVGkPTRA-00665-00202496-00202890 so damaged already
XiONVGkPTRA-00666-00202891-00203063 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00667-00203064-00203264 i didn't do anything to you
XiONVGkPTRA-00668-00203265-00204654 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00669-00204655-00204886 i mean it can't
XiONVGkPTRA-00670-00204887-00207038 it's not supposed to be this easy right
XiONVGkPTRA-00671-00207039-00207246 my condolences
XiONVGkPTRA-00672-00207248-00207519 that was so easy
XiONVGkPTRA-00673-00207519-00207614 oh
XiONVGkPTRA-00674-00207615-00207823 you're taking is it just the right
XiONVGkPTRA-00675-00207823-00207998 material built forward to a little
XiONVGkPTRA-00676-00208000-00208519 temper tantrum
XiONVGkPTRA-00677-00208519-00208758 when you bet it all on a toss
XiONVGkPTRA-00678-00208759-00209006 sometimes you get burned by lady luck
XiONVGkPTRA-00679-00209007-00209375 not when you cheat chocobo sam
XiONVGkPTRA-00680-00209376-00209606 you're right of course even if they are
XiONVGkPTRA-00681-00209607-00210198 both the same
XiONVGkPTRA-00682-00210200-00210367 later
XiONVGkPTRA-00683-00210367-00210503 and now
XiONVGkPTRA-00684-00210504-00210775 i believe i have a prize to collect
XiONVGkPTRA-00685-00210776-00210887 sorry
XiONVGkPTRA-00686-00210888-00211127 the madame will have to wait
XiONVGkPTRA-00687-00211128-00211319 the don's demanding that we tack on one
XiONVGkPTRA-00688-00211319-00211615 more match it seems what if they went
XiONVGkPTRA-00689-00211616-00211910 out then you get paid in full
XiONVGkPTRA-00690-00211911-00212215 now hold on just a goddamn minute
XiONVGkPTRA-00691-00212216-00212579 his call not mine
XiONVGkPTRA-00692-00212580-00212742 [Applause]
XiONVGkPTRA-00693-00212744-00212982 and we would
XiONVGkPTRA-00694-00212983-00213215 leslie is so we'll head back to madame
XiONVGkPTRA-00695-00213216-00213406 get you changed and then it's off to
XiONVGkPTRA-00696-00213407-00213534 corneos
XiONVGkPTRA-00697-00213535-00213734 right
XiONVGkPTRA-00698-00213735-00214006 sorry to be the bearer of bad news
XiONVGkPTRA-00699-00214007-00214119 but
XiONVGkPTRA-00700-00214119-00214406 you still have one fight left what do
XiONVGkPTRA-00701-00214407-00214534 you mean
XiONVGkPTRA-00702-00214535-00214703 the crowd loved your show a little too
XiONVGkPTRA-00703-00214704-00214791 much
XiONVGkPTRA-00704-00214792-00215023 people are placing hefty bets much
XiONVGkPTRA-00705-00215023-00215334 heftier than you can possibly imagine
XiONVGkPTRA-00706-00215335-00215534 carneo's going to milk this for as much
XiONVGkPTRA-00707-00215535-00215671 as he can
XiONVGkPTRA-00708-00215671-00215871 meaning what
XiONVGkPTRA-00709-00215871-00216094 you face and defeat cornell's fighter of
XiONVGkPTRA-00710-00216096-00216310 choice and only then will you be
XiONVGkPTRA-00711-00216311-00216551 declared winners of the tournament
XiONVGkPTRA-00712-00216552-00216751 hey that wasn't the deal
XiONVGkPTRA-00713-00216752-00217158 don't you think i know that of course oh
XiONVGkPTRA-00714-00217159-00217446 you gritty bastard scum-sucking piece of
XiONVGkPTRA-00715-00217448-00218142 [__]
XiONVGkPTRA-00716-00218144-00218334 but that's the way it is
XiONVGkPTRA-00717-00218335-00218494 cornell's the one who makes the rules
XiONVGkPTRA-00718-00218496-00218646 around here
XiONVGkPTRA-00719-00218648-00218927 but if you win this match cornell will
XiONVGkPTRA-00720-00218928-00219167 have to accept your victory and the
XiONVGkPTRA-00721-00219167-00219398 crowd will make sure he does
XiONVGkPTRA-00722-00219400-00219679 so this is the last one
XiONVGkPTRA-00723-00219680-00219871 i sure hope so
XiONVGkPTRA-00724-00219871-00220127 i did not know
XiONVGkPTRA-00725-00220128-00220351 we were going to hear
XiONVGkPTRA-00726-00220352-00220542 madame m's
XiONVGkPTRA-00727-00220544-00220982 foul language
XiONVGkPTRA-00728-00220983-00221231 i thought for sure it was not going to
XiONVGkPTRA-00729-00221232-00221358 be
XiONVGkPTRA-00730-00221359-00221582 i thought it was going to be implied
XiONVGkPTRA-00731-00221583-00222071 but not explicitly those words
XiONVGkPTRA-00732-00222071-00222287 that really surprised me
XiONVGkPTRA-00733-00222288-00222446 oh wow
XiONVGkPTRA-00734-00222448-00222758 i love it okay
XiONVGkPTRA-00735-00222759-00223175 so let's buy some more stuff
XiONVGkPTRA-00736-00223176-00223431 and prepare ourselves for a fight that i
XiONVGkPTRA-00737-00223432-00223582 already know what's coming
XiONVGkPTRA-00738-00223583-00223863 oh we can buy three
XiONVGkPTRA-00739-00223864-00224087 yes
XiONVGkPTRA-00740-00224088-00224631 worth it
XiONVGkPTRA-00741-00224632-00224839 sweet okay i'm happy with that i'm happy
XiONVGkPTRA-00742-00224840-00224982 with that build
XiONVGkPTRA-00743-00224983-00225482 i mean uh inventory
XiONVGkPTRA-00744-00225483-00225758 but where we were i mean we've been
XiONVGkPTRA-00745-00225759-00226110 getting like 500 gil if that as a reward
XiONVGkPTRA-00746-00226111-00226279 each fight so we still don't have enough
XiONVGkPTRA-00747-00226280-00226479 to buy these fancy things well we
XiONVGkPTRA-00748-00226480-00226806 already have a headband but
XiONVGkPTRA-00749-00226807-00226975 i wonder if this fight is going to be
XiONVGkPTRA-00750-00226976-00227206 mostly a status effect fight
XiONVGkPTRA-00751-00227207-00227319 because that's going to be kind of a
XiONVGkPTRA-00752-00227319-00227463 bummer but i can understand why they
XiONVGkPTRA-00753-00227464-00227703 might go that direction so
XiONVGkPTRA-00754-00227704-00227934 and that right there my good dear
XiONVGkPTRA-00755-00227935-00228103 friends is where we have to end today's
XiONVGkPTRA-00756-00228104-00228351 episode unfortunately please leave me a
XiONVGkPTRA-00757-00228352-00228510 comment let me know what you thought
XiONVGkPTRA-00758-00228511-00228703 this is an amazing part of the game and
XiONVGkPTRA-00759-00228704-00228942 i'm just reveling in it
XiONVGkPTRA-00760-00228944-00229191 that's the right word reveling yes
XiONVGkPTRA-00761-00229192-00229358 don't forget to like the video if you
XiONVGkPTRA-00762-00229359-00229527 enjoyed it share it with all your
XiONVGkPTRA-00763-00229528-00229719 friends so they can enjoy it too and of
XiONVGkPTRA-00764-00229719-00229942 course remember to subscribe to strange
XiONVGkPTRA-00765-00229944-00230110 rebel gaming so you don't miss the next
XiONVGkPTRA-00766-00230111-00230310 video that's all
XiONVGkPTRA-00767-00230311-00230561 i love you all
XiONVGkPTRA-00768-00230562-00231831 [Music]
XiONVGkPTRA-00769-00231832-00232040 you
XiPHKhNR0kE-00000-00000000-00000260 then we just sort of give up on the
XiPHKhNR0kE-00001-00000261-00000455 Pocahontas sequence and go back to the
XiPHKhNR0kE-00002-00000456-00000653 Oscar bait ballot as Florida sees a
XiPHKhNR0kE-00003-00000654-00000902 montage of recycled animation of dancing
XiPHKhNR0kE-00004-00000902-00001358 couples then floating floats with actual
XiPHKhNR0kE-00005-00001359-00001622 dancing couples once again two of whom
XiPHKhNR0kE-00006-00001623-00001777 have their own live shows in the same
XiPHKhNR0kE-00007-00001778-00002048 Florida Park but to be fair this part
XiPHKhNR0kE-00008-00002049-00002229 was in California first
XiPHKhNR0kE-00009-00002230-00003187 [Music]
XiPHKhNR0kE-00010-00003188-00003464 lady you can live anywhere you want in
XiPHKhNR0kE-00011-00003465-00003656 your imagination do you just not know
XiPHKhNR0kE-00012-00003657-00003851 how to use it is that why you rely on a
XiPHKhNR0kE-00013-00003852-00004300 seagull for your made-up balderdash
XiPHKhNR0kE-00014-00004301-00004522 [Music]
XiPHKhNR0kE-00015-00004523-00004867 you're princes right there right next to
XiPHKhNR0kE-00016-00004868-00005083 you or are you singing to his face about
XiPHKhNR0kE-00017-00005084-00005308 a hypothetical different dream guy this
XiPHKhNR0kE-00018-00005309-00005851 dates not going well why don't you go to
XiPHKhNR0kE-00019-00005852-00006402 hell you wait my love true it's not me
XiPHKhNR0kE-00020-00006403-00006865 it's you also why in a show featuring a
XiPHKhNR0kE-00021-00006866-00007078 dream about singing princesses do they
XiPHKhNR0kE-00022-00007079-00007339 not feature the princess songs about
XiPHKhNR0kE-00023-00007340-00007565 dreaming
XiPHKhNR0kE-00024-00007566-00008017 [Music]
XiPHKhNR0kE-00025-00008018-00008317 I guess Mickey's imagination is so vast
XiPHKhNR0kE-00026-00008318-00008546 it manages to miss the obvious
XiPHKhNR0kE-00027-00008547-00010701 [Music]
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00000-00000053-00000434 hi welcome to my website or my course
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00001-00000434-00000563 Dutch bye kids
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00002-00000564-00000722 and now in this video I will show you
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00003-00000723-00000881 how to participate
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00004-00000882-00001139 I assume you're an adult I'm gonna learn
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00005-00001140-00001364 Dutch taught by kids and it should be
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00006-00001365-00001553 fun and informal but the course
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00007-00001554-00001832 nevertheless I'll show you how to find a
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00008-00001832-00002141 website it's here I will tell you how to
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00009-00002142-00002345 get this court it's a chat service we'll
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00010-00002346-00002672 be using if you're on this court send me
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00011-00002673-00002888 a friend request this is my dis court
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00012-00002889-00003149 username you'll join our server called
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00013-00003150-00003386 Yamada Lucas and I'll show you how a
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00014-00003386-00003758 lesson goes alrighty so let's first find
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00015-00003759-00004049 that website well you can see the URL
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00016-00004050-00004306 here and I'll link to it in the video
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00017-00004307-00004742 and let's close this goes at the start
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00018-00004743-00005222 you'll see it's on github DJ og means
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00019-00005223-00005393 the humans who is holding it which means
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00020-00005394-00005726 the the young researchers it's taught by
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00021-00005727-00006034 kids and here you can click on your part
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00022-00006035-00006350 of the site this will explain what you
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00023-00006351-00006646 need to know so this is what the course
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00024-00006647-00006970 is how can I follow the lesson how does
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00025-00006972-00007520 a lesson take place and FAQ section what
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00026-00007520-00007774 most important things get started is you
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00027-00007775-00007994 need to install this court this court
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00028-00007995-00008366 can be found at this website which I'll
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00029-00008367-00008660 paste here as well so that's not very
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00030-00008661-00008909 hard mam or you can even use the web
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00031-00008910-00009178 interface that means you just used a
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00032-00009179-00009578 website alright if you have debt if you
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00033-00009579-00009821 have debt you need to make an account of
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00034-00009822-00010049 course and there you need to send me a
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00035-00010050-00010232 friend request
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00036-00010233-00010589 or this is my discord username so I log
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00037-00010590-00010925 into this court and and I'll show you
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00038-00010926-00011270 that here at the left are your servers
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00039-00011271-00011624 which means that people place where your
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00040-00011625-00011819 go over but this is your home which
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00041-00011820-00012038 contains all your friends if you don't
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00042-00012039-00012329 have any yet you should invite me you
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00043-00012330-00012584 should invite me anyways click on add
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00044-00012585-00012988 friends and you send a friend request to
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00045-00012989-00013372 he should build a big hashtag 900 - and
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00046-00013374-00013562 if you send me a friend request you will
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00047-00013563-00013832 not get this error message I get this
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00048-00013833-00013979 error message because you can't invite
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00049-00013980-00014426 yourself if you're there and if I got
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00050-00014427-00014690 that invite I will invite you to do you
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00051-00014691-00014888 own those ogres which is the server that
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00052-00014888-00015313 we'll be using at this server you'll see
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00053-00015315-00015591 a lot of channels here in this menu bar
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00054-00015593-00015869 if they start with a hashtag it means
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00055-00015869-00016097 that it's for text if there's a speaker
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00056-00016097-00016451 symbol it means it's for talking when
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00057-00016452-00016682 you get in when you come in and you'll
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00058-00016683-00016922 be seated at to hold the Tafel which
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00059-00016923-00017150 means the big table this is where we'll
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00060-00017151-00017471 meet up and with the kids and with you
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00061-00017472-00017771 the student and when the lesson starts
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00062-00017772-00018122 you're going to be assigned a table so
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00063-00018123-00018464 table means powerful in Dutch so let's
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00064-00018465-00018887 assume you're taken to Table one then
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00065-00018888-00019169 you'll be going to this table now you'll
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00066-00019170-00019454 be talking in table one and you can chat
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00067-00019455-00019883 in the text channel of table one so we
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00068-00019884-00020117 stick to the convention if you speak at
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00069-00020118-00020405 table one you're such a turntable one
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00070-00020406-00020741 if you just want to practice your your
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00071-00020742-00020972 writing well then just use the text
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00072-00020973-00021488 channel so you'll be arriving at the
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00073-00021489-00021803 hotel and they kid will take you to a
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00074-00021804-00022226 room and the lesson as follows this
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00075-00022227-00022421 schedule will be opening up at six
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00076-00022422-00022727 lessons starts at quarter past six seven
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00077-00022728-00023018 there's a break for the past seven we'll
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00078-00023019-00023305 continue the lesson at eight o'clock the
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00079-00023306-00023618 lesson ends in the FAQ section there are
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00080-00023619-00023872 a bit more detail but if you need help
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00081-00023873-00024100 you can send me a private message on
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00082-00024101-00024368 this court or if you really need to you
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00083-00024369-00024686 can send me an email here all right
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00084-00024687-00024839 hope to see you in our lessons and I
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00085-00024840-00025088 wish you a jolly good fun there all
XmQ5NGFlv5A-00086-00025089-00025325 right bye
XnIIOIkK0_A-00000-00000041-00000229 research concerning the relationship
XnIIOIkK0_A-00001-00000231-00000457 between the thermodynamic quantity
XnIIOIkK0_A-00002-00000458-00000674 entropy and the evolution of life began
XnIIOIkK0_A-00003-00000675-00000931 around the turn of the 20th century in
XnIIOIkK0_A-00004-00000932-00001223 1910 American historian Henry Adams
XnIIOIkK0_A-00005-00001224-00001450 printed and distributed to University
XnIIOIkK0_A-00006-00001451-00001646 Libraries and history professors the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00007-00001647-00001847 small volume a letter to American
XnIIOIkK0_A-00008-00001848-00002045 teachers of history proposing a theory
XnIIOIkK0_A-00009-00002046-00002217 of history based on the second law of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00010-00002218-00002420 thermodynamics and on the principle of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00011-00002421-00002785 entropy the 1944 book what his life by
XnIIOIkK0_A-00012-00002786-00002957 Nobel laureate physicist Erwin
XnIIOIkK0_A-00013-00002958-00003149 Schrodinger stimulated research in the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00014-00003150-00003445 field in his book Schrodinger originally
XnIIOIkK0_A-00015-00003446-00003622 stated that life feeds on negative
XnIIOIkK0_A-00016-00003623-00003809 entropy or Negin trippy as it is
XnIIOIkK0_A-00017-00003810-00004015 sometimes called but in a later edition
XnIIOIkK0_A-00018-00004017-00004190 corrected himself in response to
XnIIOIkK0_A-00019-00004191-00004388 complaints and stated the true sources
XnIIOIkK0_A-00020-00004389-00004625 free energy more recent work has
XnIIOIkK0_A-00021-00004626-00004841 restricted the discussion to Gibbs free
XnIIOIkK0_A-00022-00004842-00005086 energy because biological processes on
XnIIOIkK0_A-00023-00005087-00005263 earth normally occur at a constant
XnIIOIkK0_A-00024-00005264-00005470 temperature and pressure such as in the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00025-00005471-00005654 atmosphere or at the bottom of an ocean
XnIIOIkK0_A-00026-00005655-00005893 but not across both over short periods
XnIIOIkK0_A-00027-00005894-00006583 of time for individual organisms
XnIIOIkK0_A-00028-00006584-00007085 topic origin
XnIIOIkK0_A-00029-00007086-00007445 in 1863 Rudolf Clausius published his
XnIIOIkK0_A-00030-00007446-00007691 noted memoir on the concentration of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00031-00007692-00007905 rays of heat and light and on the limits
XnIIOIkK0_A-00032-00007906-00008199 of its action wherein he outlined a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00033-00008200-00008424 preliminary relationship as based on his
XnIIOIkK0_A-00034-00008425-00008580 own work in that of William Thompson
XnIIOIkK0_A-00035-00008581-00008819 Lord Kelvin between his newly developed
XnIIOIkK0_A-00036-00008820-00009108 concept of entropy in life building on
XnIIOIkK0_A-00037-00009109-00009305 this one of the first to speculate on a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00038-00009306-00009521 possible thermodynamic perspective of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00039-00009522-00009710 evolution was the Austrian physicist
XnIIOIkK0_A-00040-00009711-00010098 Ludwig Boltzmann in 1875 building on the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00041-00010099-00010322 works of Clausius and kelvin Boltzmann
XnIIOIkK0_A-00042-00010323-00010577 reasoned the general struggle for
XnIIOIkK0_A-00043-00010578-00010766 existence of animate beings is not a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00044-00010767-00010991 struggle for raw materials these four
XnIIOIkK0_A-00045-00010992-00011228 organisms are air water and soil all
XnIIOIkK0_A-00046-00011229-00011456 abundantly available nor for energy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00047-00011457-00011655 which exists in plenty in any body in
XnIIOIkK0_A-00048-00011656-00011819 the form of heat but a struggle for
XnIIOIkK0_A-00049-00011820-00012060 negative entropy which becomes available
XnIIOIkK0_A-00050-00012061-00012221 through the transition of energy from
XnIIOIkK0_A-00051-00012222-00012866 the hot Sun to the cold earth
XnIIOIkK0_A-00052-00012866-00013413 topic early views
XnIIOIkK0_A-00053-00013413-00013785 in 1876 American civil engineer Richard
XnIIOIkK0_A-00054-00013786-00013887 Sears McCullough
XnIIOIkK0_A-00055-00013888-00014091 in his treatise on the mechanical theory
XnIIOIkK0_A-00056-00014091-00014286 of heat and its application to the steam
XnIIOIkK0_A-00057-00014287-00014493 engine which was an early thermodynamics
XnIIOIkK0_A-00058-00014494-00014727 textbook states after speaking about the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00059-00014728-00014901 laws of the physical world that there
XnIIOIkK0_A-00060-00014902-00015030 are none that are established on a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00061-00015031-00015213 firmer basis than the two general
XnIIOIkK0_A-00062-00015213-00015429 propositions of jewel and Carnot which
XnIIOIkK0_A-00063-00015430-00015618 constitute the fundamental laws of our
XnIIOIkK0_A-00064-00015619-00015704 subject
XnIIOIkK0_A-00065-00015705-00015903 McCulloch then goes on to show that
XnIIOIkK0_A-00066-00015904-00016101 these two laws may be combined in a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00067-00016102-00016682 single expression as follows S equals D
XnIIOIkK0_A-00068-00016683-00017331 Q tell display style s equals in DQ over
XnIIOIkK0_A-00069-00017332-00017723 tau where s
XnIIOIkK0_A-00070-00017724-00018361 equals display style s equals entropy D
XnIIOIkK0_A-00071-00018362-00018982 Q equals display style D Q equals a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00072-00018983-00019205 differential amount of heat passed into
XnIIOIkK0_A-00073-00019206-00019672 a thermodynamic system tau equals
XnIIOIkK0_A-00074-00019673-00020003 display style tau equals absolute
XnIIOIkK0_A-00075-00020004-00020222 temperature McCulloch then declares that
XnIIOIkK0_A-00076-00020223-00020420 the applications of these two laws ie
XnIIOIkK0_A-00077-00020421-00020597 what are currently known as the first
XnIIOIkK0_A-00078-00020598-00020813 law of thermodynamics and the second law
XnIIOIkK0_A-00079-00020814-00021080 of thermodynamics are innumerable he
XnIIOIkK0_A-00080-00021081-00021332 then states when we reflect how
XnIIOIkK0_A-00081-00021333-00021506 generally physical phenomena are
XnIIOIkK0_A-00082-00021507-00021671 connected with thermal changes and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00083-00021672-00021884 relations it at once becomes obvious
XnIIOIkK0_A-00084-00021885-00022085 that there are few if any branches of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00085-00022086-00022274 Natural Science which are not more or
XnIIOIkK0_A-00086-00022275-00022448 less dependent upon the great truths
XnIIOIkK0_A-00087-00022449-00022676 under consideration nor should it
XnIIOIkK0_A-00088-00022677-00022856 therefore be a matter of surprise that
XnIIOIkK0_A-00089-00022857-00023111 already in the short space of time not
XnIIOIkK0_A-00090-00023112-00023321 yet one generation elapsed since the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00091-00023322-00023486 mechanical theory of heat has been
XnIIOIkK0_A-00092-00023487-00023681 freely adopted whole branches of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00093-00023682-00023789 physical science have been
XnIIOIkK0_A-00094-00023790-00023965 revolutionized by it
XnIIOIkK0_A-00095-00023966-00024188 McCulloch then gives a few of what he
XnIIOIkK0_A-00096-00024189-00024383 calls the more interesting examples of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00097-00024384-00024599 the application of these laws in extent
XnIIOIkK0_A-00098-00024600-00024905 in utility the first example he gives is
XnIIOIkK0_A-00099-00024906-00025121 physiology wherein he states that the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00100-00025122-00025301 body of an animal not less than a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00101-00025302-00025535 steamer or a locomotive is truly a heat
XnIIOIkK0_A-00102-00025536-00025720 engine and the consumption of food in
XnIIOIkK0_A-00103-00025722-00025925 the one is precisely analogous to the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00104-00025926-00026134 burning of fuel in the other in both the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00105-00026135-00026345 chemical process is the same that called
XnIIOIkK0_A-00106-00026345-00026522 combustion he then incorporates a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00107-00026523-00026708 discussion of Lavoisier theory of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00108-00026708-00026939 respiration with cycles of digestion and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00109-00026939-00027133 excretion perspiration but then
XnIIOIkK0_A-00110-00027135-00027323 contradicts Lavoisier with recent
XnIIOIkK0_A-00111-00027324-00027554 findings such as internal heat generated
XnIIOIkK0_A-00112-00027555-00027737 by friction according to the new theory
XnIIOIkK0_A-00113-00027738-00027926 of heat which according to McCulloch
XnIIOIkK0_A-00114-00027927-00028058 states that the heat of the body
XnIIOIkK0_A-00115-00028058-00028270 generally in uniformly is diffused
XnIIOIkK0_A-00116-00028272-00028451 instead of being concentrated in the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00117-00028452-00028516 chest
XnIIOIkK0_A-00118-00028517-00028754 McCulloch then gives an example of the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00119-00028755-00028955 second law where he states that friction
XnIIOIkK0_A-00120-00028956-00029132 especially in the smaller blood vessels
XnIIOIkK0_A-00121-00029133-00029468 must develop lete without doubt animal
XnIIOIkK0_A-00122-00029469-00029702 heat as thus in part produced he then
XnIIOIkK0_A-00123-00029702-00029879 asks but whence the expenditure of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00124-00029880-00030074 energy causing that friction and which
XnIIOIkK0_A-00125-00030075-00030370 must be itself accounted for to answer
XnIIOIkK0_A-00126-00030372-00030577 this question he turns to the mechanical
XnIIOIkK0_A-00127-00030579-00030758 theory of heat and goes on to loosely
XnIIOIkK0_A-00128-00030758-00030935 outline how the heart is what he calls a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00129-00030936-00031111 forced pump which receives blood
XnIIOIkK0_A-00130-00031112-00031279 and sends it to every part of the body
XnIIOIkK0_A-00131-00031280-00031504 as discovered by William Harvey that
XnIIOIkK0_A-00132-00031505-00031699 acts like the piston of an engine and is
XnIIOIkK0_A-00133-00031700-00031918 dependent upon and consequently due to
XnIIOIkK0_A-00134-00031919-00032104 the cycle of nutrition and excretion
XnIIOIkK0_A-00135-00032105-00032371 which sustains physical or organic life
XnIIOIkK0_A-00136-00032372-00032545 it is likely here that McCulloch was
XnIIOIkK0_A-00137-00032546-00032732 modeling parts of this argument on that
XnIIOIkK0_A-00138-00032733-00033019 of the famous Carnot cycle in conclusion
XnIIOIkK0_A-00139-00033020-00033262 he summarizes his first and second law
XnIIOIkK0_A-00140-00033263-00033577 argument as such everything physical
XnIIOIkK0_A-00141-00033578-00033766 being subject to the law of conservation
XnIIOIkK0_A-00142-00033767-00033967 of energy it follows that no
XnIIOIkK0_A-00143-00033968-00034138 physiological action can take place
XnIIOIkK0_A-00144-00034139-00034321 except with expenditure of energy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00145-00034322-00034573 derived from food also that an animal
XnIIOIkK0_A-00146-00034574-00034777 performing mechanical work must from the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00147-00034778-00034973 same quantity of food generate less heat
XnIIOIkK0_A-00148-00034974-00035170 than one abstaining from exertion the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00149-00035171-00035341 difference being precisely the heat
XnIIOIkK0_A-00150-00035342-00035970 equivalent of that of work
XnIIOIkK0_A-00151-00035971-00036536 topic negative entropy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00152-00036537-00036860 in the 1944 book what is life Nobel
XnIIOIkK0_A-00153-00036861-00037052 laureate physicist Erwin Schrodinger
XnIIOIkK0_A-00154-00037053-00037259 theorizes that life contrary to the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00155-00037260-00037478 general tendency dictated by the second
XnIIOIkK0_A-00156-00037479-00037690 law of thermodynamics decreases or
XnIIOIkK0_A-00157-00037691-00037868 maintains its entropy by feeding on
XnIIOIkK0_A-00158-00037869-00038146 negative entropy in his note to chapter
XnIIOIkK0_A-00159-00038147-00038270 6 of what his life
XnIIOIkK0_A-00160-00038271-00038495 however Schrodinger remarks on his usage
XnIIOIkK0_A-00161-00038496-00038795 of the term negative entropy let me say
XnIIOIkK0_A-00162-00038796-00038978 first that if I had been catering for
XnIIOIkK0_A-00163-00038979-00039164 them physicists alone I should have let
XnIIOIkK0_A-00164-00039165-00039311 the discussion turn on free energy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00165-00039312-00039614 instead it is the more familiar notion
XnIIOIkK0_A-00166-00039615-00039818 in this context but this highly
XnIIOIkK0_A-00167-00039819-00040037 technical term seemed linguistically too
XnIIOIkK0_A-00168-00040038-00040193 near to energy for making the average
XnIIOIkK0_A-00169-00040194-00040412 reader alive to the contrast between the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00170-00040413-00040679 two things this is what is argued to
XnIIOIkK0_A-00171-00040680-00040886 differentiate life from other forms of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00172-00040887-00041120 matter organization in this direction
XnIIOIkK0_A-00173-00041121-00041348 although life's dynamics may be argued
XnIIOIkK0_A-00174-00041349-00041552 to go against the tendency of second law
XnIIOIkK0_A-00175-00041553-00041729 which states that the entropy of an
XnIIOIkK0_A-00176-00041730-00041945 isolated system tends to increase it
XnIIOIkK0_A-00177-00041946-00042119 does not in any way conflict or
XnIIOIkK0_A-00178-00042120-00042284 invalidate this law because the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00179-00042285-00042490 principle that entropy can only increase
XnIIOIkK0_A-00180-00042491-00042695 or remain constant applies only to a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00181-00042696-00042890 closed system which is adiabatically
XnIIOIkK0_A-00182-00042891-00043102 isolated meaning no heat can enter or
XnIIOIkK0_A-00183-00043103-00043349 leave whenever a system can exchange
XnIIOIkK0_A-00184-00043350-00043514 either heat or matter with its
XnIIOIkK0_A-00185-00043515-00043718 environment an entropy decrease of that
XnIIOIkK0_A-00186-00043719-00043925 system is entirely compatible with the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00187-00043926-00044207 second law the problem of organization
XnIIOIkK0_A-00188-00044208-00044399 and living systems increasing despite
XnIIOIkK0_A-00189-00044400-00044555 the second law is known as the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00190-00044556-00044852 Schrodinger paradox in 1964 James
XnIIOIkK0_A-00191-00044853-00045071 Lovelock was among a group of scientists
XnIIOIkK0_A-00192-00045072-00045242 who were requested by NASA to make a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00193-00045243-00045452 theoretical life detection system to
XnIIOIkK0_A-00194-00045453-00045599 look for life on Mars during the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00195-00045600-00045845 upcoming space mission when thinking
XnIIOIkK0_A-00196-00045846-00045937 about this problem
XnIIOIkK0_A-00197-00045938-00046100 Lovelock wondered how can we be sure
XnIIOIkK0_A-00198-00046101-00046310 that Martian life if any will reveal
XnIIOIkK0_A-00199-00046311-00046475 itself to tests based on Earth's
XnIIOIkK0_A-00200-00046476-00046727 lifestyle to Lovelock the basic question
XnIIOIkK0_A-00201-00046728-00046883 was what is life and how should it be
XnIIOIkK0_A-00202-00046884-00047069 recognized when speaking about this
XnIIOIkK0_A-00203-00047070-00047246 issue with some of his colleagues at the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00204-00047247-00047462 Jet Propulsion Laboratory he was asked
XnIIOIkK0_A-00205-00047463-00047602 what he would do to look for life on
XnIIOIkK0_A-00206-00047603-00047918 Mars to this Lovelock replied I'd look
XnIIOIkK0_A-00207-00047919-00048125 for an entropy reduction since this must
XnIIOIkK0_A-00208-00048126-00048823 be a general characteristic of life
XnIIOIkK0_A-00209-00048824-00049168 topic gives free energy and biological
XnIIOIkK0_A-00210-00049169-00049576 evolution
XnIIOIkK0_A-00211-00049577-00049812 in recent years the thermodynamic
XnIIOIkK0_A-00212-00049813-00050035 interpretation of evolution in relation
XnIIOIkK0_A-00213-00050036-00050227 to entropy has begun to utilize the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00214-00050228-00050430 concept of the Gibbs free energy rather
XnIIOIkK0_A-00215-00050431-00050737 than entropy this is because biological
XnIIOIkK0_A-00216-00050738-00050952 processes on earth take place at roughly
XnIIOIkK0_A-00217-00050953-00051142 constant temperature and pressure a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00218-00051143-00051366 situation in which the Gibbs free energy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00219-00051367-00051574 is an especially useful way to express
XnIIOIkK0_A-00220-00051575-00051840 the second law of thermodynamics the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00221-00051841-00052292 Gibbs free energy is given by Delta G
XnIIOIkK0_A-00222-00052294-00053238 Delta H minus T Delta s display style
XnIIOIkK0_A-00223-00053239-00053691 Delta G a quiff Delta H T Delta s the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00224-00053692-00053911 minimization of the Gibbs free energy as
XnIIOIkK0_A-00225-00053912-00054082 a form of the principle of minimum
XnIIOIkK0_A-00226-00054083-00054265 energy which follows from the entropy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00227-00054266-00054457 maximization principle for closed
XnIIOIkK0_A-00228-00054458-00054534 systems
XnIIOIkK0_A-00229-00054535-00054799 moreover the Gibbs free energy equation
XnIIOIkK0_A-00230-00054800-00055038 in modified form can be utilized for
XnIIOIkK0_A-00231-00055039-00055257 open systems when chemical potential
XnIIOIkK0_A-00232-00055258-00055432 terms are included in the energy balance
XnIIOIkK0_A-00233-00055433-00055807 equation in a popular 1982 textbook
XnIIOIkK0_A-00234-00055808-00056016 principles of biochemistry noted
XnIIOIkK0_A-00235-00056017-00056215 American biochemist Albert lenninger
XnIIOIkK0_A-00236-00056216-00056394 argues that the order produced within
XnIIOIkK0_A-00237-00056395-00056596 cells as they grow and divide as more
XnIIOIkK0_A-00238-00056597-00056761 than compensated for by the disorder
XnIIOIkK0_A-00239-00056762-00056938 they create in their surroundings in the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00240-00056939-00057201 course of growth and division in short
XnIIOIkK0_A-00241-00057202-00057456 according to lenninger living organisms
XnIIOIkK0_A-00242-00057457-00057691 preserve their internal order by taking
XnIIOIkK0_A-00243-00057691-00057894 from their surroundings free energy in
XnIIOIkK0_A-00244-00057895-00058126 the form of nutrients or sunlight and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00245-00058127-00058336 returning to their surroundings an equal
XnIIOIkK0_A-00246-00058337-00058626 amount of energy as heat and entropy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00247-00058627-00058873 similarly according to the chemists John
XnIIOIkK0_A-00248-00058874-00059128 Avery from his 2003 book information
XnIIOIkK0_A-00249-00059129-00059341 theory and evolution we find a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00250-00059341-00059541 presentation in which the phenomenon of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00251-00059542-00059725 life including its origin and evolution
XnIIOIkK0_A-00252-00059726-00059991 as well as human cultural evolution has
XnIIOIkK0_A-00253-00059992-00060151 its basis in the background of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00254-00060152-00060397 thermodynamics statistical mechanics and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00255-00060398-00060700 information theory the apparent paradox
XnIIOIkK0_A-00256-00060701-00060922 between the second law of thermodynamics
XnIIOIkK0_A-00257-00060923-00061069 and the high degree of order and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00258-00061070-00061276 complexity produced by living systems
XnIIOIkK0_A-00259-00061277-00061519 according to Avery has its resolution in
XnIIOIkK0_A-00260-00061520-00061744 the information content of the Gibbs
XnIIOIkK0_A-00261-00061745-00061954 free energy that enters the biosphere
XnIIOIkK0_A-00262-00061954-00062311 from outside sources the process of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00263-00062312-00062524 natural selection responsible for such
XnIIOIkK0_A-00264-00062525-00062679 local increase in order may be
XnIIOIkK0_A-00265-00062680-00062896 mathematically derived directly from the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00266-00062897-00062959 expression
XnIIOIkK0_A-00267-00062960-00063160 the second law equation for connected
XnIIOIkK0_A-00268-00063161-00063847 non-equilibrium open systems
XnIIOIkK0_A-00269-00063848-00064494 topic entropy and the origin of life
XnIIOIkK0_A-00270-00064495-00064754 the second law of thermodynamics applied
XnIIOIkK0_A-00271-00064755-00064919 on the origin of life as a far more
XnIIOIkK0_A-00272-00064920-00065109 complicated issue than the further
XnIIOIkK0_A-00273-00065110-00065300 development of life since there is no
XnIIOIkK0_A-00274-00065301-00065562 standard model of how the first
XnIIOIkK0_A-00275-00065563-00065796 biological life-forms emerged only a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00276-00065797-00066062 number of competing hypotheses the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00277-00066063-00066257 problem is discussed within the area of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00278-00066258-00066474 abiogenesis implying gradual
XnIIOIkK0_A-00279-00066475-00066855 pre-darwinian chemical evolution in 1924
XnIIOIkK0_A-00280-00066856-00067076 Alexander Oparin suggested that
XnIIOIkK0_A-00281-00067077-00067262 sufficient energy was provided in a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00282-00067263-00067542 primordial soup the belgian scientist
XnIIOIkK0_A-00283-00067543-00067767 ilya prigogine was awarded with a nobel
XnIIOIkK0_A-00284-00067768-00068067 prize in 1977 for an analysis in this
XnIIOIkK0_A-00285-00068068-00068361 area a related topic is the probability
XnIIOIkK0_A-00286-00068362-00068565 that life would emerge which has been
XnIIOIkK0_A-00287-00068566-00068784 discussed in several studies for example
XnIIOIkK0_A-00288-00068785-00069385 by russell Doolittle
XnIIOIkK0_A-00289-00069386-00069670 topic entropy and the search for life
XnIIOIkK0_A-00290-00069671-00070161 elsewhere in the universe
XnIIOIkK0_A-00291-00070162-00070500 in 2013 a zoo a Bustos and Vega argued
XnIIOIkK0_A-00292-00070501-00070692 that disregarding the type of life form
XnIIOIkK0_A-00293-00070693-00070842 that could be envisioned both on earth
XnIIOIkK0_A-00294-00070843-00071043 and elsewhere in the universe all should
XnIIOIkK0_A-00295-00071044-00071214 share in common the attribute of being
XnIIOIkK0_A-00296-00071215-00071349 entities that decrease their internal
XnIIOIkK0_A-00297-00071350-00071589 entropy at the expense of free energy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00298-00071590-00071753 obtained from its surroundings as
XnIIOIkK0_A-00299-00071754-00072024 entropy allows the quantification of the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00300-00072025-00072216 degree of disorder in a system any
XnIIOIkK0_A-00301-00072217-00072408 envisioned life form must have a higher
XnIIOIkK0_A-00302-00072409-00072570 degree of order than its supporting
XnIIOIkK0_A-00303-00072571-00072834 environment these authors showed that by
XnIIOIkK0_A-00304-00072835-00073077 using fractal mathematics analysis alone
XnIIOIkK0_A-00305-00073078-00073227 they could readily quantify the degree
XnIIOIkK0_A-00306-00073228-00073455 of structural complexity difference and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00307-00073456-00073665 thus entropy of living processes as
XnIIOIkK0_A-00308-00073666-00073830 distinct entities separate from their
XnIIOIkK0_A-00309-00073831-00074082 similar abiotic surroundings this
XnIIOIkK0_A-00310-00074083-00074286 approach may allow the future detection
XnIIOIkK0_A-00311-00074287-00074475 of unknown forms of life both in the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00312-00074476-00074763 solar system and unreadable and nets
XnIIOIkK0_A-00313-00074764-00074940 based on nothing more than entropy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00314-00074941-00075162 differentials of complimentary datasets
XnIIOIkK0_A-00315-00075163-00075447 morphology coloration temperature pH
XnIIOIkK0_A-00316-00075448-00076182 isotopic composition etc
XnIIOIkK0_A-00317-00076183-00076787 topic entropy in psychology
XnIIOIkK0_A-00318-00076788-00077032 the notion of entropy is disorder has
XnIIOIkK0_A-00319-00077033-00077230 been transferred from thermodynamics to
XnIIOIkK0_A-00320-00077231-00077441 psychology by Polish psychiatrist
XnIIOIkK0_A-00321-00077442-00077632 Antonia Penske who admitted being
XnIIOIkK0_A-00322-00077633-00077897 inspired by Erwin Schrodinger in his
XnIIOIkK0_A-00323-00077898-00078118 theoretical framework devised to explain
XnIIOIkK0_A-00324-00078119-00078296 mental disorders the information
XnIIOIkK0_A-00325-00078297-00078518 metabolism theory the difference between
XnIIOIkK0_A-00326-00078519-00078722 living organisms and other systems was
XnIIOIkK0_A-00327-00078723-00078874 explained as the ability to maintain
XnIIOIkK0_A-00328-00078875-00079150 order contrary to inanimate matter
XnIIOIkK0_A-00329-00079151-00079405 organisms maintain the particular order
XnIIOIkK0_A-00330-00079406-00079562 of their bodily structures and inner
XnIIOIkK0_A-00331-00079563-00079718 worlds which they impose onto their
XnIIOIkK0_A-00332-00079719-00079865 surroundings and forward to new
XnIIOIkK0_A-00333-00079866-00080162 generations the life of an organism or
XnIIOIkK0_A-00334-00080163-00080362 the species ceases as soon as it loses
XnIIOIkK0_A-00335-00080363-00080644 that ability maintaining of that order
XnIIOIkK0_A-00336-00080645-00080824 requires continual exchange of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00337-00080825-00081023 information between the organism and its
XnIIOIkK0_A-00338-00081024-00081274 surroundings in higher organisms
XnIIOIkK0_A-00339-00081275-00081475 information is acquired mainly through
XnIIOIkK0_A-00340-00081476-00081674 receptors and metabolized in the nervous
XnIIOIkK0_A-00341-00081675-00081980 system the result is action some form of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00342-00081981-00082217 motion for example locomotion speech
XnIIOIkK0_A-00343-00082218-00082460 internal motion of organs secretion of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00344-00082461-00082772 hormones etc the reaction of organism
XnIIOIkK0_A-00345-00082773-00082973 becomes an informational signal to other
XnIIOIkK0_A-00346-00082974-00083261 organisms information metabolism which
XnIIOIkK0_A-00347-00083262-00083476 allows to maintain the order is possible
XnIIOIkK0_A-00348-00083477-00083713 only if a hierarchy of value exists as
XnIIOIkK0_A-00349-00083714-00083921 the signals coming to the organism must
XnIIOIkK0_A-00350-00083922-00084209 be structured in humans that hierarchy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00351-00084210-00084497 has three levels ie biological emotional
XnIIOIkK0_A-00352-00084498-00084793 and socio-cultural kept Pinsky explained
XnIIOIkK0_A-00353-00084794-00084998 how various mental disorders are caused
XnIIOIkK0_A-00354-00084999-00085219 by distortions of that hierarchy and the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00355-00085220-00085405 return to mental health is possible
XnIIOIkK0_A-00356-00085406-00085588 through its restoration the idea was
XnIIOIkK0_A-00357-00085589-00085799 continued by stroszek who proposed that
XnIIOIkK0_A-00358-00085800-00085997 kept in ski's information metabolism
XnIIOIkK0_A-00359-00085998-00086186 theory may be seen as an extension of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00360-00086187-00086368 brilliance Negin Trippi principle of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00361-00086369-00086662 information in 2011 the notion of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00362-00086663-00086834 psychological entropy has been
XnIIOIkK0_A-00363-00086835-00087037 reintroduced to psychologists by Hirsch
XnIIOIkK0_A-00364-00087038-00087335 at all similarly to kep Pinsky these
XnIIOIkK0_A-00365-00087336-00087473 authors noted that uncertainty
XnIIOIkK0_A-00366-00087474-00087700 management as a critical ability for any
XnIIOIkK0_A-00367-00087701-00088016 organism uncertainty arising due to the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00368-00088017-00088219 conflict between competing perceptual
XnIIOIkK0_A-00369-00088220-00088387 and behavioral affordances is
XnIIOIkK0_A-00370-00088388-00088624 experienced subjectively as anxiety
XnIIOIkK0_A-00371-00088625-00088886 Hirsch and his collaborators proposed
XnIIOIkK0_A-00372-00088887-00089092 that both the perceptual and behavioral
XnIIOIkK0_A-00373-00089093-00089275 domains may be conceptualized as
XnIIOIkK0_A-00374-00089276-00089480 probability distributions and that the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00375-00089481-00089678 amount of uncertainty associated with a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00376-00089679-00089861 given perceptual or behavioral
XnIIOIkK0_A-00377-00089862-00090074 experience can be quantified in terms of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00378-00090075-00090175 Claude Shannon's
XnIIOIkK0_A-00379-00090176-00090752 Trippi formula
XnIIOIkK0_A-00380-00090753-00091288 topic other terms
XnIIOIkK0_A-00381-00091289-00091489 for nearly a century and a half
XnIIOIkK0_A-00382-00091490-00091786 beginning with Clausius 1863 memoir on
XnIIOIkK0_A-00383-00091787-00092032 the concentration of rays of heat and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00384-00092033-00092262 light and on the limits of its action
XnIIOIkK0_A-00385-00092263-00092503 much writing and research has been
XnIIOIkK0_A-00386-00092504-00092661 devoted to the relationship between
XnIIOIkK0_A-00387-00092662-00092890 thermodynamic entropy and the evolution
XnIIOIkK0_A-00388-00092891-00093154 of life the argument that life feeds on
XnIIOIkK0_A-00389-00093155-00093328 negative entropy or Negin Trippi was
XnIIOIkK0_A-00390-00093329-00093547 asserted by physicist Erwin Schrodinger
XnIIOIkK0_A-00391-00093548-00093880 in a 1944 book what his life he posed
XnIIOIkK0_A-00392-00093881-00094150 how does the living organism avoid decay
XnIIOIkK0_A-00393-00094151-00094492 the obvious answer is by eating drinking
XnIIOIkK0_A-00394-00094493-00094719 breathing and in the case of plants
XnIIOIkK0_A-00395-00094720-00095053 assimilating recent writings have used
XnIIOIkK0_A-00396-00095054-00095257 the concept of Gibbs free energy to
XnIIOIkK0_A-00397-00095258-00095557 elaborate on this issue while energy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00398-00095558-00095743 from nutrients is necessary to sustain
XnIIOIkK0_A-00399-00095744-00095971 an organisms order there is also the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00400-00095972-00096196 Schrodinger pre shion-san organisms
XnIIOIkK0_A-00401-00096197-00096418 astonishing gift of concentrating a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00402-00096419-00096622 stream of order on itself and thus
XnIIOIkK0_A-00403-00096623-00096895 escaping the decay into atomic chaos of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00404-00096896-00097111 drinking orderliness from a suitable
XnIIOIkK0_A-00405-00097112-00097318 environment seems to be connected with
XnIIOIkK0_A-00406-00097319-00097688 the presence of the aperiodic solids
XnIIOIkK0_A-00407-00097689-00097955 we now know that the aperiodic crystal
XnIIOIkK0_A-00408-00097956-00098120 is DNA and that the irregular
XnIIOIkK0_A-00409-00098121-00098342 arrangement is a form of information the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00410-00098343-00098603 DNA in the cell nucleus contains the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00411-00098604-00098876 master copy of the software in duplicate
XnIIOIkK0_A-00412-00098877-00099211 this software seems to control by
XnIIOIkK0_A-00413-00099212-00099437 specifying an algorithm or set of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00414-00099438-00099599 instructions for creating and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00415-00099600-00099752 maintaining the entire organism
XnIIOIkK0_A-00416-00099753-00100001 containing the cell DNA and other
XnIIOIkK0_A-00417-00100002-00100268 macromolecules determine an organisms
XnIIOIkK0_A-00418-00100269-00100622 life cycle birth growth maturity decline
XnIIOIkK0_A-00419-00100623-00100973 and death nutrition is necessary but not
XnIIOIkK0_A-00420-00100974-00101198 sufficient to account for growth in size
XnIIOIkK0_A-00421-00101199-00101522 as genetics as the governing factor at
XnIIOIkK0_A-00422-00101523-00101795 some point organisms normally decline
XnIIOIkK0_A-00423-00101796-00101960 and die even while remaining in
XnIIOIkK0_A-00424-00101961-00102173 environments that contain sufficient
XnIIOIkK0_A-00425-00102174-00102443 nutrients to sustain life the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00426-00102444-00102677 controlling factor must be internal and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00427-00102678-00102902 not nutrients or sunlight acting as
XnIIOIkK0_A-00428-00102903-00103265 causal exogenous variables organisms
XnIIOIkK0_A-00429-00103266-00103510 inherit the ability to create unique and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00430-00103511-00103759 complex biological structures it is
XnIIOIkK0_A-00431-00103760-00104006 unlikely for those capabilities to be
XnIIOIkK0_A-00432-00104007-00104283 reinvented or be taught each generation
XnIIOIkK0_A-00433-00104284-00104597 therefore DNA must be operative as the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00434-00104598-00104822 prime cause in this characteristic as
XnIIOIkK0_A-00435-00104823-00105146 well applying Boltzmann's perspective of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00436-00105147-00105338 the second law the change of state from
XnIIOIkK0_A-00437-00105339-00105583 a more probable less ordered and high
XnIIOIkK0_A-00438-00105584-00105788 entropy arrangement to one of less
XnIIOIkK0_A-00439-00105789-00106060 probability more order and lower entropy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00440-00106061-00106333 seen in biological ordering calls for a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00441-00106334-00106556 function like that known of DNA
XnIIOIkK0_A-00442-00106557-00106844 DNA's apparent information processing
XnIIOIkK0_A-00443-00106845-00107063 function provides a resolution of the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00444-00107064-00107306 paradox posed by life and the entropy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00445-00107307-00107621 requirement of the second law in 1982
XnIIOIkK0_A-00446-00107622-00107870 American biochemist Albert lenninger
XnIIOIkK0_A-00447-00107871-00108235 argued that the order produced within
XnIIOIkK0_A-00448-00108236-00108460 cells as they grow and divide as more
XnIIOIkK0_A-00449-00108461-00108782 than compensated for by the disorder
XnIIOIkK0_A-00450-00108783-00109007 they create in their surroundings in the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00451-00109008-00109283 course of growth and division quote
XnIIOIkK0_A-00452-00109283-00109556 living organisms preserve their internal
XnIIOIkK0_A-00453-00109557-00109697 order by taking from their surroundings
XnIIOIkK0_A-00454-00109698-00109960 free energy in the form of nutrients or
XnIIOIkK0_A-00455-00109961-00110108 sunlight and returning to their
XnIIOIkK0_A-00456-00110108-00110270 surroundings an equal amount of energy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00457-00110271-00110525 as heat and entropy evolution related
XnIIOIkK0_A-00458-00110526-00110819 concepts Negin trippy a shorthand
XnIIOIkK0_A-00459-00110820-00111116 colloquial phrase for negative entropy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00460-00111117-00111509 ectropion C of a dynamical system to do
XnIIOIkK0_A-00461-00111510-00111746 useful work and grow more organized
XnIIOIkK0_A-00462-00111747-00112056 extra be a metaphorical term defining
XnIIOIkK0_A-00463-00112057-00112278 the extent of a living or organizational
XnIIOIkK0_A-00464-00112279-00112484 systems intelligence functional order
XnIIOIkK0_A-00465-00112485-00112782 vitality energy life experience and
XnIIOIkK0_A-00466-00112783-00112985 capacity and drive for improvement in
XnIIOIkK0_A-00467-00112986-00113307 growth ecological entropy a measure of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00468-00113308-00113509 biodiversity in the study of biological
XnIIOIkK0_A-00469-00113510-00113808 ecology in a study titled natural
XnIIOIkK0_A-00470-00113808-00114099 selection for least action published in
XnIIOIkK0_A-00471-00114100-00114284 the Proceedings of the Royal Society a
XnIIOIkK0_A-00472-00114285-00114549 vill kyla and art o Angela of the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00473-00114550-00114768 University of Helsinki describe how the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00474-00114769-00114969 second law of thermodynamics can be
XnIIOIkK0_A-00475-00114970-00115146 written as an equation of motion to
XnIIOIkK0_A-00476-00115147-00115365 describe evolution showing how natural
XnIIOIkK0_A-00477-00115366-00115527 selection and the principle of least
XnIIOIkK0_A-00478-00115528-00115716 action can be connected by expressing
XnIIOIkK0_A-00479-00115717-00115914 natural selection in terms of chemical
XnIIOIkK0_A-00480-00115915-00116226 thermodynamics in this view evolution
XnIIOIkK0_A-00481-00116227-00116421 explores possible paths to level
XnIIOIkK0_A-00482-00116422-00116628 differences in energy densities and so
XnIIOIkK0_A-00483-00116629-00116909 increase entropy most rapidly thus an
XnIIOIkK0_A-00484-00116910-00117129 organism serves as an energy transfer
XnIIOIkK0_A-00485-00117130-00117351 mechanism and beneficial mutations allow
XnIIOIkK0_A-00486-00117352-00117570 successive organisms to transfer more
XnIIOIkK0_A-00487-00117571-00118221 energy within their environment
XnIIOIkK0_A-00488-00118222-00118754 topic objections
XnIIOIkK0_A-00489-00118755-00118968 entropy is defined for equilibrium
XnIIOIkK0_A-00490-00118969-00119228 systems so objections to the extension
XnIIOIkK0_A-00491-00119229-00119399 of the second law in entropy to
XnIIOIkK0_A-00492-00119400-00119633 biological systems especially as it
XnIIOIkK0_A-00493-00119634-00119816 pertains to its use to support or
XnIIOIkK0_A-00494-00119817-00120008 discredit the theory of evolution have
XnIIOIkK0_A-00495-00120009-00120297 been stated live systems and indeed much
XnIIOIkK0_A-00496-00120298-00120485 of the systems and processes in the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00497-00120486-00120672 universe operate far from equilibrium
XnIIOIkK0_A-00498-00120673-00120911 whereas the second law succinctly states
XnIIOIkK0_A-00499-00120912-00121109 that isolated systems evolve toward
XnIIOIkK0_A-00500-00121110-00121364 thermodynamic equilibrium the state of
XnIIOIkK0_A-00501-00121365-00121510 maximum entropy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00502-00121511-00121784 however entropy is well-defined much
XnIIOIkK0_A-00503-00121785-00121991 more broadly based on the probabilities
XnIIOIkK0_A-00504-00121992-00122196 of a system States whether or not the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00505-00122197-00122384 system as a dynamical one for which
XnIIOIkK0_A-00506-00122385-00122654 equilibrium could be relevant even in
XnIIOIkK0_A-00507-00122655-00122856 those physical systems where equilibrium
XnIIOIkK0_A-00508-00122857-00123072 could be relevant when live systems
XnIIOIkK0_A-00509-00123073-00123311 cannot persist in isolation and to the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00510-00123312-00123524 second principle of thermodynamics does
XnIIOIkK0_A-00511-00123525-00123698 not require that free energy be
XnIIOIkK0_A-00512-00123699-00123878 transformed into entropy along the
XnIIOIkK0_A-00513-00123879-00124091 shortest path live organisms absorb
XnIIOIkK0_A-00514-00124092-00124323 energy from sunlight or from energy rich
XnIIOIkK0_A-00515-00124324-00124533 chemical compounds and finally return
XnIIOIkK0_A-00516-00124533-00124691 part of such energy to the environment
XnIIOIkK0_A-00517-00124692-00124934 as entropy heat and low free energy
XnIIOIkK0_A-00518-00124935-00125676 compounds such as water and co2
XnIIOIkK0_A-00519-00125677-00126248 topic see also
XnIIOIkK0_A-00520-00126249-00126702 abiogenesis adaptive system complex
XnIIOIkK0_A-00521-00126703-00127154 systems dissipative system entropy order
XnIIOIkK0_A-00522-00127155-00127404 and disorder