4P7sojwAfkA-00000-00000992-00001310 hey guys infinite back here with brand
4P7sojwAfkA-00001-00001311-00001616 new video today first off before going
4P7sojwAfkA-00002-00001617-00001937 to the main topic on talk about how guys
4P7sojwAfkA-00003-00001938-00002275 got me nearly 400 China views with me
4P7sojwAfkA-00004-00002276-00002462 only having me opposed to three weeks
4P7sojwAfkA-00005-00002463-00002798 it's insane in my mind to use what we go
4P7sojwAfkA-00006-00002799-00003091 it's nothing to me it means a lot okay
4P7sojwAfkA-00007-00003092-00003659 so thank you for support I hope that
4P7sojwAfkA-00008-00003660-00003847 have a continued through the summer when
4P7sojwAfkA-00009-00003848-00004111 I do start doing more consistent
4P7sojwAfkA-00010-00004112-00004552 consistent uploads and what's happened
4P7sojwAfkA-00011-00004553-00004769 to avail today I'm gonna be reviewing
4P7sojwAfkA-00012-00004770-00005084 Xmen apocalypse I just saw it and I'm
4P7sojwAfkA-00013-00005085-00005245 right it's been out for about two weeks
4P7sojwAfkA-00014-00005246-00005786 now as you saw today i can tell you i
4P7sojwAfkA-00015-00005787-00006263 woke up a 10 in this sword morning I
4P7sojwAfkA-00016-00006264-00006457 look up at 10 of 5 and left at
4P7sojwAfkA-00017-00006458-00006827 ten-thirty movie anyways it was a good
4P7sojwAfkA-00018-00006828-00007259 movie my personal opinion could have
4P7sojwAfkA-00019-00007259-00007763 been more okay good bit more like a new
4P7sojwAfkA-00020-00007764-00008303 gene at the end of it definitely could
4P7sojwAfkA-00021-00008304-00008542 have played a more trouble gene and
4P7sojwAfkA-00022-00008543-00008939 before I continue for those who haven't
4P7sojwAfkA-00023-00008940-00009269 seen it spoiler warning spoiler warning
4P7sojwAfkA-00024-00009270-00009574 and spoiler warning last boy was up to
4P7sojwAfkA-00025-00009575-00009926 give 3 trailer warnings anyways at the
4P7sojwAfkA-00026-00009927-00010355 end where she's fine apocalypse instead
4P7sojwAfkA-00027-00010356-00010759 of becoming the embodying embodying and
4P7sojwAfkA-00028-00010760-00011424 god I cannot speak at 107 embodiment of
4P7sojwAfkA-00029-00011425-00011770 the Phoenix and said she summons the
4P7sojwAfkA-00030-00011771-00012060 Phoenix which doesn't make sense to me
4P7sojwAfkA-00031-00012061-00012494 because if she is the Phoenix how does
4P7sojwAfkA-00032-00012495-00012977 she summon Phoenix but not become the
4P7sojwAfkA-00033-00012978-00013094 Phoenix
4P7sojwAfkA-00034-00013095-00013503 blah blah blah blah anyways what confuse
4P7sojwAfkA-00035-00013504-00014355 me the most the entire movie was well
4P7sojwAfkA-00036-00014356-00014758 done Wolverine scenes when they are
4P7sojwAfkA-00037-00014759-00014991 stuck in a facility it's a weapon axis
4P7sojwAfkA-00038-00014993-00015381 loose and it's what we in this mood what
4P7sojwAfkA-00039-00015382-00015561 these movies are doing is it going back
4P7sojwAfkA-00040-00015562-00015855 and retelling what happened from days of
4P7sojwAfkA-00041-00015856-00016134 future past grass sod is a future pass
4P7sojwAfkA-00042-00016135-00016539 it what happened was we went back in
4P7sojwAfkA-00043-00016540-00016887 time stoptech Knowles sup dudes massive
4P7sojwAfkA-00044-00016888-00017242 water killed almost every mutant said
4P7sojwAfkA-00045-00017243-00017925 now though was the doing is come back
4P7sojwAfkA-00046-00017926-00018170 tongue what happened instead of the wort
4P7sojwAfkA-00047-00018171-00018468 talking what happened in the 80s and
4P7sojwAfkA-00048-00018469-00018778 early x-men can don't know the X right
4P7sojwAfkA-00049-00018779-00019364 now but his conscience Eminem brains of
4P7sojwAfkA-00050-00019365-00019740 time before should still be with him and
4P7sojwAfkA-00051-00019741-00019978 he should know everyone is know them by
4P7sojwAfkA-00052-00019979-00020393 name but instead he's an aminal mmm no I
4P7sojwAfkA-00053-00020394-00020614 said now I am I take like a British
4P7sojwAfkA-00054-00020615-00020902 person put me down well good someone
4P7sojwAfkA-00055-00020903-00021234 else but anyways all right let's make
4P7sojwAfkA-00056-00021235-00021459 sense to me because he should have
4P7sojwAfkA-00057-00021460-00021711 retainers at me of course he could the
4P7sojwAfkA-00058-00021712-00021918 only thing I make sense is safe wiped
4P7sojwAfkA-00059-00021919-00022425 his memory but she went back that means
4P7sojwAfkA-00060-00022426-00022608 he was never strike his Island which
4P7sojwAfkA-00061-00022609-00022862 confuses me because he's in a striking
4P7sojwAfkA-00062-00022863-00023299 facility but he reworked the strike
4P7sojwAfkA-00063-00023300-00023781 Ernest right why it so happened to him
4P7sojwAfkA-00064-00023782-00024015 in an alternate timeline but is not in
4P7sojwAfkA-00065-00024016-00024240 that alternate timeline these in talmud
4P7sojwAfkA-00066-00024241-00024950 ads now they make sense of it but i
4P7sojwAfkA-00067-00024951-00025242 don't think that can even confuse me the
4P7sojwAfkA-00068-00025243-00025843 most for say what confused me the most
4P7sojwAfkA-00069-00025844-00026046 because I've watched all the animated
4P7sojwAfkA-00070-00026047-00026265 series efforts some of the comic books
4P7sojwAfkA-00071-00026266-00026335 you know
4P7sojwAfkA-00072-00026336-00026715 i watch the Cameo series now that Alex
4P7sojwAfkA-00073-00026716-00027099 summers of course i know its mutant but
4P7sojwAfkA-00074-00027100-00027454 did you know a touch base on i like if
4P7sojwAfkA-00075-00027455-00027708 he didn't meet the early comic books I
4P7sojwAfkA-00076-00027709-00027877 didn't even give me the early comic
4P7sojwAfkA-00077-00027877-00028071 books I'm just assuming this you wanna
4P7sojwAfkA-00078-00028072-00028512 know who he is right or whose powers and
4P7sojwAfkA-00079-00028513-00028880 all that they couldn't set him up better
4P7sojwAfkA-00080-00028881-00029418 or else but think if I was going to
4P7sojwAfkA-00081-00029419-00029623 voice part of the movie was definitely
4P7sojwAfkA-00082-00029624-00030312 apocalypse fight I don't like that seat
4P7sojwAfkA-00083-00030313-00030696 for one main reason was because he
4P7sojwAfkA-00084-00030697-00031077 seemed out of it apocalypse is really
4P7sojwAfkA-00085-00031078-00031351 the most powerful mutant and he couldn't
4P7sojwAfkA-00086-00031352-00032039 stop like these weak untrained mutants
4P7sojwAfkA-00087-00032040-00032542 okay that's like that's what like oh hey
4P7sojwAfkA-00088-00032543-00032780 what I mean I'm saying they after like a
4P7sojwAfkA-00089-00032781-00033237 I understand this then he was on to do
4P7sojwAfkA-00090-00033238-00033555 it but it should end ended with this
4P7sojwAfkA-00091-00033556-00034005 Jean Grey taking his body her falling
4P7sojwAfkA-00092-00034006-00034261 down and I was dying but she becomes a
4P7sojwAfkA-00093-00034262-00034482 Phoenix and all that blah blah blah
4P7sojwAfkA-00094-00034483-00034951 happens baths my first part of moving
4P7sojwAfkA-00095-00034952-00035143 down time to go to a positive fallen new
4P7sojwAfkA-00096-00035144-00035889 way I think they didn't Ike follow
4P7sojwAfkA-00097-00035890-00036474 amazing loved him like favorite part in
4P7sojwAfkA-00098-00036475-00036979 the movie he was joking I mean II didn't
4P7sojwAfkA-00099-00036980-00037305 mean to like she's like what is him all
4P7sojwAfkA-00100-00037306-00037601 and all that he saw a movie and all that
4P7sojwAfkA-00101-00037602-00038061 and it's like what is the movie which he
4P7sojwAfkA-00102-00038062-00038664 lives as a homeless person Russia or
4P7sojwAfkA-00103-00038665-00039323 Germany one of those to that area
4P7sojwAfkA-00104-00039324-00039899 but loved him comedy and when he wakes
4P7sojwAfkA-00105-00039900-00040245 up said quote was I miss when after the
4P7sojwAfkA-00106-00040246-00040524 apocalypse fight which kind of made me
4P7sojwAfkA-00107-00040525-00040887 ache okay he's funny like this I want to
4P7sojwAfkA-00108-00040888-00041115 see more of him when I quality of his
4P7sojwAfkA-00109-00041116-00041312 own movie because he's amazing backstory
4P7sojwAfkA-00110-00041313-00041552 maybe new Nightcrawler gambit thing
4P7sojwAfkA-00111-00041553-00041856 because they intersect a lot but you
4P7sojwAfkA-00112-00041857-00042155 know just not trying to give tips to a
4P7sojwAfkA-00113-00042156-00042390 marvel oh you shouldn't cancel together
4P7sojwAfkA-00114-00042391-00042818 movie yard yeah you know we have to know
4P7sojwAfkA-00115-00042819-00043352 the gaps of gamma movie director nah no
4P7sojwAfkA-00116-00043353-00043518 we all need to make a cab and leave the
4P7sojwAfkA-00117-00043519-00043833 most badass character ever in expedient
4P7sojwAfkA-00118-00043834-00044673 universe no it's just mercenary and it's
4P7sojwAfkA-00119-00044674-00044943 that sort of mine in overall just want a
4P7sojwAfkA-00120-00044944-00045342 number three I'll give like a eight
4P7sojwAfkA-00121-00045343-00045662 point three or seven point nine of ten
4P7sojwAfkA-00122-00045663-00045987 or eighty percent out of 100 or synonyms
4P7sojwAfkA-00123-00045988-00046715 sent however you go 4 or 5 stars7 baked
4P7sojwAfkA-00124-00046716-00047177 potatoes out of 10 baked potatoes 11
4P7sojwAfkA-00125-00047178-00047807 baked potatoes out of 15 big potatoes oh
4P7sojwAfkA-00126-00047808-00048521 yeah that's my x-men apocalypse official
4P7sojwAfkA-00127-00048522-00049014 review or unofficial official anyways I
4P7sojwAfkA-00128-00049015-00049187 hope you guys enjoy this thanks for the
4P7sojwAfkA-00129-00049188-00049311 amounts of poor you've been giving me
4P7sojwAfkA-00130-00049312-00049755 and if they thrash 20likes 20 Mike's now
4P7sojwAfkA-00131-00049756-00049902 probably won't get texts another people
4P7sojwAfkA-00132-00049903-00050189 like them videos but brings back for 20
4P7sojwAfkA-00133-00050190-00050765 likes that'd be great that'd be amazing
4P7sojwAfkA-00134-00050766-00051150 and also come with your update on my
4P7sojwAfkA-00135-00051151-00051533 next video about stuff and seeing as I
4P7sojwAfkA-00136-00051534-00051900 need but hope you guys enjoyed this from
4P7sojwAfkA-00137-00051901-00052184 their setting out
4PvQzeWp6g0-00000-00000000-00000206 pet and i already got
4PvQzeWp6g0-00001-00000208-00000503 four fully grown heads and so there's a
4PvQzeWp6g0-00002-00000504-00000782 new update and
4PvQzeWp6g0-00003-00000783-00000991 you've got questions
4PvQzeWp6g0-00004-00000992-00001158 okay so i have to do
4PvQzeWp6g0-00005-00001159-00001391 you have to make three adult i
4PvQzeWp6g0-00006-00001392-00001639 accidentally did something i got an
4PvQzeWp6g0-00007-00001639-00001910 accessory from the hot drop okay well
4PvQzeWp6g0-00008-00001911-00002087 let's see come on follow me let's go to
4PvQzeWp6g0-00009-00002088-00002342 the under place so i can get my quest
4PvQzeWp6g0-00010-00002343-00002591 done because my quest is to
4PvQzeWp6g0-00011-00002592-00002815 make a meal bye
4PvQzeWp6g0-00012-00002816-00002883 i
4PvQzeWp6g0-00013-00002884-00003191 guess and that means they won't see me
4PvQzeWp6g0-00014-00003192-00003559 um
4PvQzeWp6g0-00015-00003560-00003654 okay
4PvQzeWp6g0-00016-00003655-00003751 um
4PvQzeWp6g0-00017-00003752-00003990 you guys have to buy
4PvQzeWp6g0-00018-00003992-00004135 try to buy something cheap because you
4PvQzeWp6g0-00019-00004136-00004279 say you don't want to waste all your
4PvQzeWp6g0-00020-00004280-00004551 money yeah i'm saving it up for a pizza
4PvQzeWp6g0-00021-00004552-00004815 thing a pizza place
4PvQzeWp6g0-00022-00004816-00005146 yeah
4PvQzeWp6g0-00024-00008408-00008564 uh
4PvQzeWp6g0-00025-00008565-00009295 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00026-00009296-00010535 oh
4PvQzeWp6g0-00027-00010536-00011174 when you're done that go teleport to me
4PvQzeWp6g0-00028-00011175-00011446 hey teleport to me now i'm gonna make my
4PvQzeWp6g0-00029-00011447-00011574 neon pad
4PvQzeWp6g0-00030-00011575-00011751 okay well i'm just gonna take care of my
4PvQzeWp6g0-00031-00011752-00012167 pad and try to get the india on no just
4PvQzeWp6g0-00032-00012168-00012335 you want to see me make a neon pet my
4PvQzeWp6g0-00033-00012336-00012559 neon buffalo come on
4PvQzeWp6g0-00034-00012560-00012759 go underneath my
4PvQzeWp6g0-00035-00012760-00012937 in 23 hours
4PvQzeWp6g0-00036-00012938-00013086 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00037-00013087-00013175 um
4PvQzeWp6g0-00038-00013176-00013551 so you can do another task come on
4PvQzeWp6g0-00039-00013552-00013791 okay wait wait wait oh teleport to you
4PvQzeWp6g0-00040-00013791-00014038 okay i'm not right near you i'm in the
4PvQzeWp6g0-00041-00014040-00014327 brit i'm on the bridge why are you do
4PvQzeWp6g0-00042-00014328-00014485 you okay
4PvQzeWp6g0-00043-00014486-00014935 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00044-00014936-00015030 what
4PvQzeWp6g0-00045-00015031-00015158 where are you
4PvQzeWp6g0-00046-00015159-00015671 under the bridge oh okay well no no
4PvQzeWp6g0-00047-00015672-00015943 hello are you gonna get to me i'm under
4PvQzeWp6g0-00048-00015944-00016215 the bridge right now my pet's lost or
4PvQzeWp6g0-00049-00016216-00016430 did i that's half that happens all the
4PvQzeWp6g0-00050-00016431-00016653 time
4PvQzeWp6g0-00051-00016654-00017143 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00052-00017144-00017375 there's so many parties
4PvQzeWp6g0-00053-00017376-00017543 the first one here we'll get it oh my
4PvQzeWp6g0-00054-00017544-00017767 gosh what is this there's lots of people
4PvQzeWp6g0-00055-00017768-00018047 doing that why because also
4PvQzeWp6g0-00056-00018048-00018150 i got
4PvQzeWp6g0-00057-00018151-00018294 so you traded
4PvQzeWp6g0-00058-00018295-00018567 give me that back right now
4PvQzeWp6g0-00059-00018568-00018879 hey hey you gave this to me
4PvQzeWp6g0-00060-00018880-00019094 give me that back why now okay i'll give
4PvQzeWp6g0-00061-00019095-00019375 you a car if you give me that
4PvQzeWp6g0-00062-00019376-00019591 um no no
4PvQzeWp6g0-00063-00019592-00019767 wait just let me
4PvQzeWp6g0-00064-00019768-00020055 i'm gonna make my knee and pet right now
4PvQzeWp6g0-00065-00020056-00020247 so you guys can't see oh wait wait wait
4PvQzeWp6g0-00066-00020248-00020422 i wanna see i wanna see you make your
4PvQzeWp6g0-00067-00020423-00020975 opinion
4PvQzeWp6g0-00068-00020976-00021214 okay okay let's see oh that's not the
4PvQzeWp6g0-00069-00021215-00021471 right one that's my newborn one
4PvQzeWp6g0-00070-00021472-00021727 well if you have five buffaloes
4PvQzeWp6g0-00071-00021728-00021839 yep
4PvQzeWp6g0-00072-00021840-00022187 oh
4PvQzeWp6g0-00073-00022188-00022630 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00074-00022631-00022886 you know my pet really needs a shower
4PvQzeWp6g0-00075-00022887-00023014 right now and
4PvQzeWp6g0-00076-00023015-00023175 of course this is gonna take a long time
4PvQzeWp6g0-00077-00023176-00023444 again cause
4PvQzeWp6g0-00078-00023445-00024069 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00079-00024070-00024606 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00080-00024607-00025790 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00081-00025791-00026087 it looks so cool
4PvQzeWp6g0-00082-00026088-00026279 yeah you know what yeah i really really
4PvQzeWp6g0-00083-00026280-00026495 really want that now
4PvQzeWp6g0-00084-00026495-00026695 it looks so cool
4PvQzeWp6g0-00085-00026695-00026870 let's see what we'll trade for it i got
4PvQzeWp6g0-00086-00026872-00027039 a new task
4PvQzeWp6g0-00087-00027039-00027455 plane
4PvQzeWp6g0-00088-00027456-00027895 i really want a new task right now but
4PvQzeWp6g0-00089-00027895-00028214 i got a free pet thing so is this new
4PvQzeWp6g0-00090-00028216-00028495 update like forever ever or is it just
4PvQzeWp6g0-00091-00028495-00028711 for a certain time it's for a certain
4PvQzeWp6g0-00092-00028712-00028911 time oh let's see what i get do i get a
4PvQzeWp6g0-00093-00028912-00029183 legendary
4PvQzeWp6g0-00094-00029183-00029743 also i don't think a neon buffalo is
4PvQzeWp6g0-00095-00029744-00029935 really yeah
4PvQzeWp6g0-00096-00029936-00029995 okay
4PvQzeWp6g0-00097-00029995-00030118 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00098-00030119-00030623 what is this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00099-00030624-00030887 i got a toy
4PvQzeWp6g0-00100-00030888-00031190 elite
4PvQzeWp6g0-00101-00031191-00031662 rgb leash
4PvQzeWp6g0-00102-00031663-00031983 okay that's pretty cool
4PvQzeWp6g0-00103-00031983-00032151 i'm gonna see what people trade for a
4PvQzeWp6g0-00104-00032152-00032414 neon buffalo
4PvQzeWp6g0-00105-00032416-00032646 you can do that tell me what they trade
4PvQzeWp6g0-00106-00032647-00032790 you okay
4PvQzeWp6g0-00107-00032791-00032967 i'm obviously not gonna trade it because
4PvQzeWp6g0-00108-00032968-00033388 it took me like at least 10 days
4PvQzeWp6g0-00109-00033389-00033831 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00110-00033832-00034031 huh so this is probably going to take
4PvQzeWp6g0-00111-00034032-00034183 one hour
4PvQzeWp6g0-00112-00034184-00034407 yeah one hour
4PvQzeWp6g0-00113-00034408-00034551 yep one hour
4PvQzeWp6g0-00114-00034552-00034815 yep yep
4PvQzeWp6g0-00115-00034816-00035083 this might be our longest video not
4PvQzeWp6g0-00116-00035084-00035359 lying no no no it won't the last video
4PvQzeWp6g0-00117-00035360-00035623 will be the longest video and then i
4PvQzeWp6g0-00118-00035624-00035871 actually think we made like a very old
4PvQzeWp6g0-00119-00035872-00036159 video it was like a year ago i think
4PvQzeWp6g0-00120-00036160-00036383 what's this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00121-00036384-00036567 first to come here gets a free pet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00122-00036568-00036830 whoever comes first gets here and how
4PvQzeWp6g0-00123-00036831-00037259 many people are doing that
4PvQzeWp6g0-00124-00037260-00037879 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00125-00037880-00038446 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00126-00038447-00038630 i'm gonna buy something
4PvQzeWp6g0-00127-00038631-00038799 i feel like it's gonna be this look how
4PvQzeWp6g0-00128-00038800-00039295 many people are in the town center
4PvQzeWp6g0-00129-00039296-00039630 and there's probably gonna be a um part
4PvQzeWp6g0-00130-00039631-00039799 three of this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00131-00039800-00039999 oh you're thirsty i don't worry i got
4PvQzeWp6g0-00132-00040000-00040151 you
4PvQzeWp6g0-00133-00040152-00040423 good
4PvQzeWp6g0-00134-00040424-00041027 should we play another game
4PvQzeWp6g0-00135-00041028-00041399 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00136-00041400-00042799 i actually thought not like that
4PvQzeWp6g0-00137-00042800-00044259 swim swim swim swim swim
4PvQzeWp6g0-00138-00044260-00044471 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00139-00044472-00044679 someone's selling lemonade for zero
4PvQzeWp6g0-00140-00044680-00044846 dollars
4PvQzeWp6g0-00141-00044847-00045143 oh i need lemonade lemonade isn't
4PvQzeWp6g0-00142-00045144-00045671 freaking too many zero dollars
4PvQzeWp6g0-00143-00045672-00045911 spending any money you know what
4PvQzeWp6g0-00144-00045912-00046128 i know
4PvQzeWp6g0-00145-00046129-00047502 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00146-00047503-00047958 wait i'm gonna get
4PvQzeWp6g0-00147-00047959-00048167 i'm gonna get a pet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00148-00048168-00048318 i'm gonna go
4PvQzeWp6g0-00149-00048319-00048655 and buy an egg because i want to
4PvQzeWp6g0-00150-00048656-00048790 and that egg
4PvQzeWp6g0-00151-00048791-00048902 is the
4PvQzeWp6g0-00152-00048903-00049127 mystic egg
4PvQzeWp6g0-00153-00049128-00049462 i will take care of it later
4PvQzeWp6g0-00154-00049463-00049599 is it worth it
4PvQzeWp6g0-00155-00049600-00049676 no
4PvQzeWp6g0-00156-00049677-00049911 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00157-00049912-00050207 oh my gosh someone has a giant gift
4PvQzeWp6g0-00158-00050208-00050335 no
4PvQzeWp6g0-00159-00050336-00050543 wait is it
4PvQzeWp6g0-00160-00050544-00050646 no
4PvQzeWp6g0-00161-00050647-00050823 not worth it
4PvQzeWp6g0-00162-00050824-00050990 what's this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00163-00050991-00051366 pets can use this okay
4PvQzeWp6g0-00164-00051367-00051607 oh he needs to go camping
4PvQzeWp6g0-00165-00051608-00051902 and once i'm done with this pet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00166-00051903-00052175 um yeah
4PvQzeWp6g0-00167-00052176-00052742 hey look at my pet at the knife so cool
4PvQzeWp6g0-00168-00052744-00052942 calls
4PvQzeWp6g0-00169-00052944-00053087 unequip
4PvQzeWp6g0-00170-00053088-00053215 equip
4PvQzeWp6g0-00171-00053216-00053407 where's my pet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00172-00053408-00053582 that's i don't know why but that always
4PvQzeWp6g0-00173-00053583-00053879 happens i don't know how that happens it
4PvQzeWp6g0-00174-00053879-00054182 just happens randomly
4PvQzeWp6g0-00175-00054183-00054271 there
4PvQzeWp6g0-00176-00054272-00054438 thank you
4PvQzeWp6g0-00177-00054439-00054615 now we're gonna go camping because
4PvQzeWp6g0-00178-00054616-00054735 that's fun
4PvQzeWp6g0-00179-00054736-00054950 i like camping although i never went to
4PvQzeWp6g0-00180-00054951-00055238 camping hey yes we have remember that
4PvQzeWp6g0-00181-00055239-00055355 was glamping
4PvQzeWp6g0-00182-00055357-00055559 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00183-00055560-00055726 glamping is like when you're old you
4PvQzeWp6g0-00184-00055727-00056023 have your resources like a house like a
4PvQzeWp6g0-00185-00056024-00056330 place
4PvQzeWp6g0-00186-00056332-00057133 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00187-00057134-00057375 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00188-00057376-00057750 yeah i really really like i'm not taking
4PvQzeWp6g0-00189-00057751-00058047 trades i'm not trading anything i like
4PvQzeWp6g0-00190-00058048-00058319 all my pets okay hey look look at this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00191-00058320-00058526 look at my pet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00192-00058527-00059207 it's not for trading hey look at this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00193-00059208-00059511 look at my pet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00194-00059512-00059711 wait just wait
4PvQzeWp6g0-00195-00059712-00059950 he needs to go to sleep first
4PvQzeWp6g0-00196-00059951-00060182 oh marshmallows
4PvQzeWp6g0-00197-00060183-00060441 i love roasting marshmallows
4PvQzeWp6g0-00198-00060442-00060782 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00199-00060783-00060975 no
4PvQzeWp6g0-00200-00060976-00061205 i got two first person again
4PvQzeWp6g0-00201-00061207-00061375 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00202-00061376-00061830 i got to roast marshmallows
4PvQzeWp6g0-00203-00061832-00062166 and i i want to do it
4PvQzeWp6g0-00204-00062167-00062350 oh wait you're done
4PvQzeWp6g0-00205-00062351-00062823 everyone everyone wants to train me
4PvQzeWp6g0-00206-00062824-00063597 cause they have a neon buffalo
4PvQzeWp6g0-00207-00063598-00064238 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00208-00064239-00064479 oh mom
4PvQzeWp6g0-00209-00064479-00064782 200 you can go there you can glitch
4PvQzeWp6g0-00210-00064783-00064959 you can glitch your way
4PvQzeWp6g0-00211-00064960-00065230 i know i seen that video look at this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00212-00065232-00065367 look at my buffalo
4PvQzeWp6g0-00213-00065369-00065567 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00214-00065568-00065775 it's like glowing i wonder what a
4PvQzeWp6g0-00215-00065776-00066071 chocolate labrador dean looks like i act
4PvQzeWp6g0-00216-00066072-00066255 i don't even know i don't even know what
4PvQzeWp6g0-00217-00066256-00066406 a neon buffalo looks like and i just
4PvQzeWp6g0-00218-00066407-00066615 found out
4PvQzeWp6g0-00219-00066616-00066887 there's there's a wooden helicopter
4PvQzeWp6g0-00220-00066888-00067159 thing uh that's not safe
4PvQzeWp6g0-00221-00067160-00067438 okay i'll trade you back your
4PvQzeWp6g0-00222-00067439-00067567 card
4PvQzeWp6g0-00223-00067568-00068191 okay i'll trade you back my card what
4PvQzeWp6g0-00224-00068192-00068431 i'll trade you back your card
4PvQzeWp6g0-00225-00068432-00068623 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00226-00068624-00068919 okay so i'll do
4PvQzeWp6g0-00227-00068920-00069026 vehicles
4PvQzeWp6g0-00228-00069027-00069303 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00229-00069304-00069471 wait do they actually think it's fair
4PvQzeWp6g0-00230-00069472-00069935 though
4PvQzeWp6g0-00231-00069936-00070082 i don't
4PvQzeWp6g0-00232-00070083-00070463 think there's these are two cars
4PvQzeWp6g0-00233-00070464-00070863 and cars are very play
4PvQzeWp6g0-00234-00070864-00071247 let me check my journal because
4PvQzeWp6g0-00235-00071248-00071503 what is this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00236-00071504-00072117 can you just confirm please
4PvQzeWp6g0-00237-00072118-00072575 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00238-00072576-00072782 can you just come first
4PvQzeWp6g0-00239-00072783-00073111 ultra bear let's see this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00240-00073112-00073375 okay add another one throw the phone at
4PvQzeWp6g0-00241-00073376-00073719 you okay that's not nice
4PvQzeWp6g0-00242-00073720-00073943 okay give me another thing that's like
4PvQzeWp6g0-00243-00073944-00074228 not really fair
4PvQzeWp6g0-00244-00074229-00074519 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00245-00074520-00074711 you know
4PvQzeWp6g0-00246-00074712-00075042 oh he needs to go to school i gotta go
4PvQzeWp6g0-00247-00075043-00075167 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00248-00075168-00075542 like that is just unfair
4PvQzeWp6g0-00249-00075543-00075687 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00250-00075688-00076182 this car is blue
4PvQzeWp6g0-00251-00076183-00076447 wait i wonder what's legendary
4PvQzeWp6g0-00252-00076448-00076855 i'm gonna check up this is
4PvQzeWp6g0-00253-00076856-00077343 why can i not oh box car for four days
4PvQzeWp6g0-00254-00077344-00077647 i actually got the box car
4PvQzeWp6g0-00255-00077648-00077855 i hatched it
4PvQzeWp6g0-00256-00077856-00078159 no i mean box car box car oh yeah i got
4PvQzeWp6g0-00257-00078160-00078487 the box car
4PvQzeWp6g0-00258-00078488-00078711 and you know what it's gonna take a long
4PvQzeWp6g0-00259-00078712-00078935 time to um take care of my past i'm
4PvQzeWp6g0-00260-00078936-00079119 gonna
4PvQzeWp6g0-00261-00079120-00079359 okay i need to take care of my pet so i
4PvQzeWp6g0-00262-00079360-00079591 can make
4PvQzeWp6g0-00263-00079592-00079658 i'm
4PvQzeWp6g0-00264-00079659-00079806 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00265-00079807-00079882 not
4PvQzeWp6g0-00266-00079883-00080182 close i give up
4PvQzeWp6g0-00267-00080183-00080382 you pause it
4PvQzeWp6g0-00268-00080383-00080662 look look at it
4PvQzeWp6g0-00269-00080663-00080887 i give up
4PvQzeWp6g0-00270-00080888-00081062 i give up
4PvQzeWp6g0-00271-00081063-00081454 mine is still gonna do it anyways
4PvQzeWp6g0-00272-00081455-00082223 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00273-00082224-00082423 i still need about 7
4PvQzeWp6g0-00274-00082424-00082718 hours and 35 minutes
4PvQzeWp6g0-00275-00082719-00082903 until my next house
4PvQzeWp6g0-00276-00082904-00083038 and we're obviously not going to make
4PvQzeWp6g0-00277-00083039-00083216 this video seven hours
4PvQzeWp6g0-00278-00083217-00083526 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00279-00083527-00083799 still i'm turning forward i am bored i
4PvQzeWp6g0-00280-00083800-00083991 wanna
4PvQzeWp6g0-00281-00083992-00084094 why
4PvQzeWp6g0-00282-00084095-00084303 should we just play pokemon pirates we
4PvQzeWp6g0-00283-00084304-00084550 know we never made a video of that yet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00284-00084551-00084687 we can go
4PvQzeWp6g0-00285-00084688-00085287 play that later when i'm done this video
4PvQzeWp6g0-00286-00085288-00085718 did i even feed you food yet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00287-00085719-00085862 but why
4PvQzeWp6g0-00288-00085863-00086079 why can't i feed my pet right now it
4PvQzeWp6g0-00289-00086080-00086367 says it's hungry
4PvQzeWp6g0-00290-00086368-00087055 wait no that was an accident
4PvQzeWp6g0-00291-00087056-00087182 no
4PvQzeWp6g0-00292-00087183-00087487 wait please
4PvQzeWp6g0-00293-00087488-00088071 well your sandwich is gonna come back
4PvQzeWp6g0-00294-00088072-00088271 i don't have a sandwich no you have to
4PvQzeWp6g0-00295-00088272-00088455 wait till the next day and then it'll
4PvQzeWp6g0-00296-00088456-00088814 come back oh okay
4PvQzeWp6g0-00297-00088815-00089471 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00298-00089472-00089627 lesson learned
4PvQzeWp6g0-00299-00089628-00089759 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00300-00089760-00090071 grow grow this up to um
4PvQzeWp6g0-00301-00090072-00090247 to a
4PvQzeWp6g0-00302-00090248-00090687 adult for this video
4PvQzeWp6g0-00303-00090688-00091950 how many people are in a trade
4PvQzeWp6g0-00304-00091951-00092318 someone has a neon chocolate lab
4PvQzeWp6g0-00305-00092319-00092550 i'm gonna go and adopt someone
4PvQzeWp6g0-00306-00092551-00092655 hey
4PvQzeWp6g0-00307-00092656-00092838 but of course there are no place
4PvQzeWp6g0-00308-00092839-00093006 teleport to me someone has a neon
4PvQzeWp6g0-00309-00093007-00093287 chocolate lab i like a youtuber it's up
4PvQzeWp6g0-00310-00093288-00093662 to divine stars too okay
4PvQzeWp6g0-00311-00093663-00093862 look someone in the chocolate lab maybe
4PvQzeWp6g0-00312-00093863-00094663 neon
4PvQzeWp6g0-00313-00094664-00095326 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00314-00095327-00095567 yeah it's a megalodon i want a pet like
4PvQzeWp6g0-00315-00095568-00095759 that
4PvQzeWp6g0-00316-00095760-00095999 so i have to make a neon first and then
4PvQzeWp6g0-00317-00096000-00096199 you have to make another three neons yes
4PvQzeWp6g0-00318-00096200-00096455 i know 100 years yeah i know i know
4PvQzeWp6g0-00319-00096456-00096745 it'll take me months
4PvQzeWp6g0-00320-00096746-00097359 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00321-00097360-00097647 i think the easiest way to get one is by
4PvQzeWp6g0-00322-00097648-00097838 trading
4PvQzeWp6g0-00323-00097839-00098318 so i'll just trade someone
4PvQzeWp6g0-00324-00098319-00098479 you know i think i'm gonna check out her
4PvQzeWp6g0-00325-00098480-00098615 channel
4PvQzeWp6g0-00326-00098616-00098950 so divine stars too okay divine stars
4PvQzeWp6g0-00327-00098951-00099174 too i think i'll remember that
4PvQzeWp6g0-00328-00099175-00099350 i don't think so
4PvQzeWp6g0-00329-00099351-00099682 but i'll try
4PvQzeWp6g0-00330-00099683-00099982 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00331-00099983-00100182 wait i'm gonna see if that's actually a
4PvQzeWp6g0-00332-00100183-00100350 channel
4PvQzeWp6g0-00333-00100351-00100703 okay go on check it out
4PvQzeWp6g0-00334-00100704-00101205 i'm bored i
4PvQzeWp6g0-00335-00101206-00101767 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00336-00101768-00102177 what's this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00337-00102178-00103439 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00338-00103440-00103566 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00339-00103567-00103815 um wait i don't think this is the right
4PvQzeWp6g0-00340-00103816-00104064 one
4PvQzeWp6g0-00341-00104065-00104599 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00342-00104600-00104966 divine stars too
4PvQzeWp6g0-00343-00104967-00105199 wait i gotta go back to that girl again
4PvQzeWp6g0-00344-00105200-00105351 okay i gotta go
4PvQzeWp6g0-00345-00105352-00105654 so she said she had a youtube channel i
4PvQzeWp6g0-00346-00105655-00105919 think yeah she's still there okay let's
4PvQzeWp6g0-00347-00105920-00106358 go let's go let's go let's go let's go
4PvQzeWp6g0-00348-00106359-00106647 oh you're hungry don't worry divine's
4PvQzeWp6g0-00349-00106648-00106829 face reveals
4PvQzeWp6g0-00350-00106830-00107343 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00351-00107344-00107883 divine stars too okay okay
4PvQzeWp6g0-00352-00107883-00108334 wait oh yeah it's not showing up
4PvQzeWp6g0-00353-00108335-00108590 why are we even doing this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00354-00108591-00108783 oh he left she left
4PvQzeWp6g0-00355-00108783-00108994 oh man
4PvQzeWp6g0-00356-00108995-00109334 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00357-00109335-00109553 fastest way to go there reset
4PvQzeWp6g0-00358-00109554-00109734 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00359-00109735-00110015 i'm going back into roblox which takes
4PvQzeWp6g0-00360-00110016-00110292 about two minutes
4PvQzeWp6g0-00361-00110293-00110727 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00362-00110728-00110943 yep i'm making a part three of this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00363-00110944-00111054 video
4PvQzeWp6g0-00364-00111055-00111286 yeah part three of this video we just
4PvQzeWp6g0-00365-00111288-00111431 played piggy and then we'll end the
4PvQzeWp6g0-00366-00111432-00111727 video like with two rounds
4PvQzeWp6g0-00367-00111728-00112119 it's already been 18 minutes
4PvQzeWp6g0-00368-00112120-00112399 of this video but it's been two hours
4PvQzeWp6g0-00369-00112400-00112534 for me
4PvQzeWp6g0-00370-00112535-00112999 i can't do this
4PvQzeWp6g0-00371-00113000-00113364 please
4PvQzeWp6g0-00372-00113365-00113599 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00373-00113600-00113871 tomorrow video adobe again
4PvQzeWp6g0-00374-00113872-00114086 just joking
4PvQzeWp6g0-00375-00114088-00114191 i'll do that later
4PvQzeWp6g0-00376-00114192-00114366 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00377-00114367-00114515 just can't please
4PvQzeWp6g0-00378-00114516-00114647 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00379-00114648-00114951 i'll do that later suffering don't worry
4PvQzeWp6g0-00380-00114952-00115302 the next video i have it all ready
4PvQzeWp6g0-00381-00115303-00115566 all ready so i don't have to go and
4PvQzeWp6g0-00382-00115567-00115678 suffer
4PvQzeWp6g0-00383-00115679-00116015 and then i'll just do my task
4PvQzeWp6g0-00384-00116016-00116283 and just explore and try to get more
4PvQzeWp6g0-00385-00116283-00116566 money i'm here in the trade
4PvQzeWp6g0-00386-00116567-00116775 and then i'll try to make that neon pet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00387-00116776-00116999 grow up and get another neon pet a neon
4PvQzeWp6g0-00388-00117000-00117247 pet and neon pack so that i get a mega
4PvQzeWp6g0-00389-00117248-00117366 neon pet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00390-00117367-00117615 that would take forever
4PvQzeWp6g0-00391-00117616-00117823 yeah of course because i got i have to
4PvQzeWp6g0-00392-00117824-00117919 have
4PvQzeWp6g0-00393-00117920-00118143 i'm neon pets
4PvQzeWp6g0-00394-00118144-00118454 how many um that's sixteen because four
4PvQzeWp6g0-00395-00118455-00118575 plus four
4PvQzeWp6g0-00396-00118576-00118895 four times four equals sixteen yeah
4PvQzeWp6g0-00397-00118896-00119247 sixteen i already said sixteen
4PvQzeWp6g0-00398-00119248-00119407 okay well sorry
4PvQzeWp6g0-00399-00119408-00119623 i didn't train your cracked egg
4PvQzeWp6g0-00400-00119624-00119695 no
4PvQzeWp6g0-00401-00119696-00119943 you got your own money
4PvQzeWp6g0-00402-00119944-00120295 i have like 206 dollars
4PvQzeWp6g0-00403-00120296-00120510 because i have to buy crack then so i
4PvQzeWp6g0-00404-00120511-00120595 could at least
4PvQzeWp6g0-00405-00120596-00120871 [Music]
4PvQzeWp6g0-00406-00120872-00121071 at least four buffaloes
4PvQzeWp6g0-00407-00121072-00121358 one wait i gotta go check my training
4PvQzeWp6g0-00408-00121359-00121590 there are other
4PvQzeWp6g0-00409-00121591-00121883 there are other many where's the trading
4PvQzeWp6g0-00410-00121883-00122102 license i want you to be a neon pet
4PvQzeWp6g0-00411-00122103-00122310 please please
4PvQzeWp6g0-00412-00122311-00122543 yeah you know i'm ending this video bye
4PvQzeWp6g0-00413-00122544-00123044 bye bye bye okay
4S2evCYKsz4-00000-00000088-00000366 hey yo what's good and this
4S2evCYKsz4-00001-00000367-00000678 is welcome to the grind
4S2evCYKsz4-00002-00000679-00001166 part 26 26.
4S2evCYKsz4-00003-00001167-00002671 you said 36. i said 26
4S2evCYKsz4-00004-00002672-00003118 aka jaded
4S2evCYKsz4-00005-00003119-00003447 my name is prince aka jaden your name is
4S2evCYKsz4-00006-00003447-00003479 not
4S2evCYKsz4-00007-00003479-00003838 jaden your name is
4S2evCYKsz4-00008-00003839-00004415 prince khalil elijah
4S2evCYKsz4-00009-00004416-00004727 he told me his name is uh prince
4S2evCYKsz4-00010-00004728-00005086 prince aka jaden
4S2evCYKsz4-00011-00005087-00005231 your name is not jaden that's your
4S2evCYKsz4-00012-00005232-00005518 cousin
4S2evCYKsz4-00013-00005519-00005735 so i gotta sign in here and today we're
4S2evCYKsz4-00014-00005736-00005822 going to be doing
4S2evCYKsz4-00015-00005823-00005967 10 minute apple attack and then we're
4S2evCYKsz4-00016-00005968-00006086 going to back down some of that with
4S2evCYKsz4-00017-00006087-00006206 some pure
4S2evCYKsz4-00018-00006207-00006655 cardio let's freaking go
4S2evCYKsz4-00019-00006656-00006934 oh as you can see if you look at the
4S2evCYKsz4-00020-00006936-00007031 blinds
4S2evCYKsz4-00021-00007031-00007567 it's snowing yeah it's a snow day
4S2evCYKsz4-00022-00007568-00008039 we finna get it and get it in
4S2evCYKsz4-00023-00008040-00008239 you know heart rate up a little bit get
4S2evCYKsz4-00024-00008240-00008431 our bodies functioning
4S2evCYKsz4-00025-00008432-00008591 you know gotta stay loose gotta stay
4S2evCYKsz4-00026-00008592-00008846 strong gotta stay ready june 18th
4S2evCYKsz4-00027-00008847-00009159 2021 guys say the same starter ball
4S2evCYKsz4-00028-00009160-00011489 18 champions of slaughter
4S2evCYKsz4-00029-00011490-00012244 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00030-00012245-00012710 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00031-00012711-00013391 all righty
4S2evCYKsz4-00032-00013391-00013927 count one two three
4S2evCYKsz4-00033-00013928-00015407 six seven eight
4S2evCYKsz4-00034-00015408-00015733 what's 16.
4S2evCYKsz4-00035-00015734-00016903 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00036-00016904-00017103 lift it up we're going for it it's only
4S2evCYKsz4-00037-00017104-00017247 10 minutes so i need
4S2evCYKsz4-00038-00017248-00017503 for you to go as hard as you possibly
4S2evCYKsz4-00039-00017504-00017550 can
4S2evCYKsz4-00040-00017551-00017791 while being in control and having
4S2evCYKsz4-00041-00017792-00017894 amazing
4S2evCYKsz4-00042-00017895-00018230 form lift up tap down and go i want you
4S2evCYKsz4-00043-00018231-00018294 to push
4S2evCYKsz4-00044-00018295-00018479 i want you to breathe and i don't want
4S2evCYKsz4-00045-00018480-00018671 you to give up but what i want you to do
4S2evCYKsz4-00046-00018672-00018855 is max out that means go
4S2evCYKsz4-00047-00018856-00019143 to the best possible way you can go and
4S2evCYKsz4-00048-00019144-00019183 then
4S2evCYKsz4-00049-00019184-00019358 you take that break come on guys are we
4S2evCYKsz4-00050-00019359-00019550 pushing through all right
4S2evCYKsz4-00051-00019551-00021047 we're gonna push
4S2evCYKsz4-00052-00021048-00023303 you only got
4S2evCYKsz4-00053-00023304-00024571 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00054-00024572-00027214 look at this
4S2evCYKsz4-00055-00027216-00028320 let's go
4S2evCYKsz4-00056-00028322-00029462 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00057-00029463-00029783 put some shoes on
4S2evCYKsz4-00058-00029783-00030118 go put shoes on you want a six pack
4S2evCYKsz4-00059-00030119-00030262 you say you want this banging looking
4S2evCYKsz4-00060-00030263-00030439 body but when it's time to work
4S2evCYKsz4-00061-00030439-00031014 sometimes you'll be lazy
4S2evCYKsz4-00062-00031016-00031318 want to be a beast until it's time to do
4S2evCYKsz4-00063-00031319-00031543 what beats do
4S2evCYKsz4-00064-00031544-00031870 everybody want to have tattoos online
4S2evCYKsz4-00065-00031872-00032283 and typing all the way to the face
4S2evCYKsz4-00066-00032283-00032399 fellas
4S2evCYKsz4-00067-00032400-00032623 when you watch a film you ain't on
4S2evCYKsz4-00068-00032624-00032767 baseball
4S2evCYKsz4-00069-00032768-00033087 you ain't watching yo dude
4S2evCYKsz4-00070-00033088-00033455 who was that say here
4S2evCYKsz4-00071-00033456-00033855 that's dr ep it took me 12
4S2evCYKsz4-00072-00033856-00034143 years to graduate from a four-year
4S2evCYKsz4-00073-00034144-00034439 college
4S2evCYKsz4-00074-00034440-00034927 come on
4S2evCYKsz4-00075-00034928-00035295 right here i don't even know why i'm
4S2evCYKsz4-00076-00035296-00036483 doing this because we know what these
4S2evCYKsz4-00077-00036484-00037862 moves
4S2evCYKsz4-00078-00037863-00038246 look at the camera they smell like warm
4S2evCYKsz4-00079-00038247-00039167 buttered grits
4S2evCYKsz4-00080-00039168-00039511 put it in my abs already
4S2evCYKsz4-00081-00039512-00040167 10 minutes attack 10 minutes
4S2evCYKsz4-00082-00040168-00040390 but out there face us so you can see how
4S2evCYKsz4-00083-00040391-00041071 we doing
4S2evCYKsz4-00084-00041072-00041343 you gotta transition quickly eric you
4S2evCYKsz4-00085-00041344-00041502 told me what time you won the six-pack
4S2evCYKsz4-00086-00041503-00041567 right
4S2evCYKsz4-00087-00041568-00041846 yeah these are definitely not that
4S2evCYKsz4-00088-00041847-00042495 six-pack friends through
4S2evCYKsz4-00089-00042496-00043199 ah
4S2evCYKsz4-00090-00043200-00043483 that is hard when you got a lot of warm
4S2evCYKsz4-00091-00043484-00043815 stuff
4S2evCYKsz4-00092-00043816-00044079 resistance equal progression resistance
4S2evCYKsz4-00093-00044080-00044215 right now your clothes is offering
4S2evCYKsz4-00094-00044216-00044295 resistance
4S2evCYKsz4-00095-00044296-00044495 fight through the resistance because
4S2evCYKsz4-00096-00044496-00044623 you'll progress
4S2evCYKsz4-00097-00044624-00044871 you'll explode you'll go further you
4S2evCYKsz4-00098-00044872-00045030 fight through the resistance
4S2evCYKsz4-00099-00045031-00045174 sometimes you let the resistance be but
4S2evCYKsz4-00100-00045175-00045483 right now it's time to fight through it
4S2evCYKsz4-00101-00045484-00046283 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00102-00046284-00047047 ah
4S2evCYKsz4-00103-00047048-00047683 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00104-00047684-00048295 hello
4S2evCYKsz4-00105-00048296-00050551 use the core
4S2evCYKsz4-00106-00050552-00050735 there you go good job good job way to
4S2evCYKsz4-00107-00050736-00050927 keep your butt off the air there you go
4S2evCYKsz4-00108-00050928-00053271 come on sir you gotta stay instead
4S2evCYKsz4-00109-00053272-00053542 yeah it sucks but do you still want to
4S2evCYKsz4-00110-00053544-00053630 play sports
4S2evCYKsz4-00111-00053632-00053903 yeah okay it is what it is you got to
4S2evCYKsz4-00112-00053904-00054087 deal with it
4S2evCYKsz4-00113-00054088-00054326 you got to be willing to do what your
4S2evCYKsz4-00114-00054327-00054566 opponent might not be doing right now
4S2evCYKsz4-00115-00054567-00055007 he probably still sleep in his bed
4S2evCYKsz4-00116-00055008-00055359 you gotta out work him out rep him
4S2evCYKsz4-00117-00055360-00055479 we're gonna teach you the skills that
4S2evCYKsz4-00118-00055479-00055679 you got talent and we're gonna teach you
4S2evCYKsz4-00119-00055679-00055799 the skills
4S2evCYKsz4-00120-00055800-00056054 but as far as hard work though you gotta
4S2evCYKsz4-00121-00056055-00056199 have that work
4S2evCYKsz4-00122-00056200-00056430 how do you think rock lee became a ninja
4S2evCYKsz4-00123-00056432-00056542 huh
4S2evCYKsz4-00124-00056544-00056911 huh did he do ninjutsu
4S2evCYKsz4-00125-00056912-00057279 do he got genjitsu do we have a kkk
4S2evCYKsz4-00126-00057279-00057638 so why is he a ninja tight jitsu
4S2evCYKsz4-00127-00057639-00057838 his hard work through just fighting with
4S2evCYKsz4-00128-00057839-00058119 straight hands alone
4S2evCYKsz4-00129-00058120-00058550 straight hands you know no magic tricks
4S2evCYKsz4-00130-00058551-00058882 all he had is hands and they rated e for
4S2evCYKsz4-00131-00058883-00059326 everyone
4S2evCYKsz4-00132-00059327-00061063 transition quickly
4S2evCYKsz4-00133-00061064-00061399 see that was me i was right i ain't had
4S2evCYKsz4-00134-00061400-00061511 no height
4S2evCYKsz4-00135-00061512-00061838 i had no weight i had no speed
4S2evCYKsz4-00136-00061839-00062087 i barely had skills but you know what i
4S2evCYKsz4-00137-00062088-00062206 did have
4S2evCYKsz4-00138-00062207-00062447 i had that hard work on the floor that's
4S2evCYKsz4-00139-00062448-00062566 what i had
4S2evCYKsz4-00140-00062567-00064047 and that's why i became a beast
4S2evCYKsz4-00141-00064048-00064319 that's it and that's fighting that's all
4S2evCYKsz4-00142-00064320-00064415 it is
4S2evCYKsz4-00143-00064416-00064638 straight fighting ain't got no magic
4S2evCYKsz4-00144-00064639-00064742 tricks
4S2evCYKsz4-00145-00064744-00065199 no falling sand
4S2evCYKsz4-00146-00065200-00065919 apple tank lineup beat up
4S2evCYKsz4-00147-00065920-00066375 eric quickly
4S2evCYKsz4-00148-00066376-00066503 you don't want to waste no time you want
4S2evCYKsz4-00149-00066504-00066687 to get as much work on your body that
4S2evCYKsz4-00150-00066688-00066894 you can get because it's almost over
4S2evCYKsz4-00151-00066895-00067238 no hold your knees if you get tired
4S2evCYKsz4-00152-00067239-00067511 don't let them down you got to be
4S2evCYKsz4-00153-00067512-00067631 willing to do
4S2evCYKsz4-00154-00067632-00068031 what they won't do
4S2evCYKsz4-00155-00068032-00068143 they say where you worked out with a
4S2evCYKsz4-00156-00068144-00068431 jacket on why you put a weight that on
4S2evCYKsz4-00157-00068432-00068663 why you got resistance bands on because
4S2evCYKsz4-00158-00068664-00068759 i know
4S2evCYKsz4-00159-00068760-00068871 that's not something my opponent is
4S2evCYKsz4-00160-00068872-00069071 willing to do
4S2evCYKsz4-00161-00069072-00070082 but i'll do anything to win
4S2evCYKsz4-00162-00070083-00070391 ah
4S2evCYKsz4-00163-00070392-00070823 be going up you already know here
4S2evCYKsz4-00164-00070824-00071559 drum beat
4S2evCYKsz4-00165-00071560-00072136 no it's not okay
4S2evCYKsz4-00166-00072137-00072335 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00167-00072336-00072647 look he gonna push him
4S2evCYKsz4-00168-00072648-00072791 look he's about to make it today 10
4S2evCYKsz4-00169-00072792-00072999 minutes come on push faster harder
4S2evCYKsz4-00170-00073000-00073191 then he gonna lift her legs up and then
4S2evCYKsz4-00171-00073192-00073343 like oh you maxed out don't write it
4S2evCYKsz4-00172-00073344-00073423 down
4S2evCYKsz4-00173-00073424-00075550 i'll let you get away
4S2evCYKsz4-00174-00075551-00075935 it's okay sorry i put my feet down i'm
4S2evCYKsz4-00175-00075936-00077038 sorry
4S2evCYKsz4-00176-00077039-00078511 attack your body attack your
4S2evCYKsz4-00177-00078512-00078655 no that's not you life one more to go
4S2evCYKsz4-00178-00078656-00078894 pure cardio
4S2evCYKsz4-00179-00078895-00079159 wait wait wait we was finished with that
4S2evCYKsz4-00180-00079160-00079215 workout
4S2evCYKsz4-00181-00079216-00079391 it was 10 minutes attack i told you that
4S2evCYKsz4-00182-00079392-00079535 that's why i said
4S2evCYKsz4-00183-00079536-00079767 that's why i said what i said that's why
4S2evCYKsz4-00184-00079768-00079887 i said you got to get in there get as
4S2evCYKsz4-00185-00079888-00080006 many rubs you can it's not
4S2evCYKsz4-00186-00080007-00080279 long it's an intense burn for a very
4S2evCYKsz4-00187-00080280-00080703 short amount of time
4S2evCYKsz4-00188-00080704-00080862 now we're going into pure cardio after
4S2evCYKsz4-00189-00080863-00081031 ab attack
4S2evCYKsz4-00190-00081032-00081359 that was pretty crazy uh we're about to
4S2evCYKsz4-00191-00081360-00081399 do
4S2evCYKsz4-00192-00081400-00081767 insanity exactly i found nothing
4S2evCYKsz4-00193-00081768-00082038 it felt like easy-peasy well you ain't
4S2evCYKsz4-00194-00082039-00082175 putting enough work
4S2evCYKsz4-00195-00082176-00082511 that's not a good thing you feel
4S2evCYKsz4-00196-00082512-00082726 you feel your abs okay that means you
4S2evCYKsz4-00197-00082727-00082879 put in some work man i feel my abs i
4S2evCYKsz4-00198-00082880-00083150 mean i put it enough work on my ass
4S2evCYKsz4-00199-00083151-00083391 do you still feel it now okay you just
4S2evCYKsz4-00200-00083392-00085438 said you don't feel that it was easy
4S2evCYKsz4-00201-00085439-00085718 pause my video time i was going to take
4S2evCYKsz4-00202-00085719-00085838 a brief
4S2evCYKsz4-00203-00085839-00086231 intermission welcome back
4S2evCYKsz4-00204-00086232-00086479 i'm all strapped up and waited out and
4S2evCYKsz4-00205-00086480-00088933 we finna go in i can't even see it
4S2evCYKsz4-00206-00088934-00089262 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00207-00089263-00089682 welcome to the grind 26
4S2evCYKsz4-00208-00089683-00090038 26. you know it's a snow day my hands
4S2evCYKsz4-00209-00090039-00090199 ashy and stuff
4S2evCYKsz4-00210-00090200-00090606 my hands turning white though my hands
4S2evCYKsz4-00211-00090607-00091167 are fun
4S2evCYKsz4-00212-00091168-00093830 keep your core tight
4S2evCYKsz4-00213-00093831-00095282 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00214-00095283-00096406 okay
4S2evCYKsz4-00215-00096407-00096895 these are clear
4S2evCYKsz4-00216-00096896-00097543 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00217-00097544-00099482 excuse me
4S2evCYKsz4-00218-00099483-00099676 um
4S2evCYKsz4-00219-00099677-00100974 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00220-00100975-00103682 this
4S2evCYKsz4-00221-00103683-00104718 okay
4S2evCYKsz4-00222-00104719-00105083 lean forward right time to take out the
4S2evCYKsz4-00223-00105083-00105830 hood
4S2evCYKsz4-00224-00105831-00107747 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00225-00107748-00109247 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00226-00109248-00109874 three
4S2evCYKsz4-00227-00109875-00110702 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00228-00110703-00111423 are headed without an yeah equipment
4S2evCYKsz4-00229-00111424-00112278 come on
4S2evCYKsz4-00230-00112279-00112527 two go back to the jacks a little faster
4S2evCYKsz4-00231-00112528-00112943 now
4S2evCYKsz4-00232-00112944-00113495 come on i don't care how many
4S2evCYKsz4-00233-00113496-00113927 very very times
4S2evCYKsz4-00234-00113928-00114623 keep going
4S2evCYKsz4-00235-00114624-00114831 and 10 seconds again we're going to go
4S2evCYKsz4-00236-00114832-00116207 to that hive
4S2evCYKsz4-00237-00116208-00117519 pick it up
4S2evCYKsz4-00238-00117520-00117719 it's two cups right there prince mine is
4S2evCYKsz4-00239-00117720-00118031 a i don't want to try and feel he's up
4S2evCYKsz4-00240-00118032-00118686 that's why
4S2evCYKsz4-00241-00118688-00118823 i see how y'all been working out with
4S2evCYKsz4-00242-00118824-00119247 soon this is bad at resistance i like it
4S2evCYKsz4-00243-00119248-00119310 but
4S2evCYKsz4-00244-00119311-00119695 i prefer barefoot go get you some water
4S2evCYKsz4-00245-00119696-00120095 kaleel get your club go get some water
4S2evCYKsz4-00246-00120096-00121775 you should mention something about water
4S2evCYKsz4-00247-00121776-00122407 as you know it's winter time out here
4S2evCYKsz4-00248-00122408-00122758 we got extra shirts on extra pants on
4S2evCYKsz4-00249-00122759-00123247 yeah this is making me
4S2evCYKsz4-00250-00123248-00123471 try to kick your butt turn sideways so
4S2evCYKsz4-00251-00123472-00123990 you can see
4S2evCYKsz4-00252-00123991-00125263 get the feet up there higher
4S2evCYKsz4-00253-00125264-00125616 oh i just extra killing me
4S2evCYKsz4-00254-00125617-00125927 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00255-00125928-00128886 thank you
4S2evCYKsz4-00256-00128888-00129334 oh
4S2evCYKsz4-00257-00129335-00129495 a couple of times i will try to power up
4S2evCYKsz4-00258-00129496-00129695 in the video i'm gonna do some special
4S2evCYKsz4-00259-00129696-00129783 effects
4S2evCYKsz4-00260-00129783-00129999 put some electricity and fire on you you
4S2evCYKsz4-00261-00130000-00130254 heard me yeah
4S2evCYKsz4-00263-00135112-00137287 come on sir you've been three days down
4S2evCYKsz4-00264-00137288-00137623 you okay take your head off
4S2evCYKsz4-00265-00137624-00137854 you gotta start sitting okay leave all
4S2evCYKsz4-00266-00137855-00138711 your
4S2evCYKsz4-00267-00138712-00140414 i'm not gonna stuff
4S2evCYKsz4-00269-00144284-00145329 oh
4S2evCYKsz4-00271-00148520-00148871 hi knees mommy kids
4S2evCYKsz4-00272-00148872-00149223 hi knees mummy kicks
4S2evCYKsz4-00273-00149224-00149566 high knees honey kicks
4S2evCYKsz4-00274-00149567-00149902 high knees what the heck what is that
4S2evCYKsz4-00275-00149903-00150566 hi beast movie cheeks
4S2evCYKsz4-00276-00150567-00150902 hi knees
4S2evCYKsz4-00277-00150903-00151423 hi deeper
4S2evCYKsz4-00278-00151424-00151990 that's the warm-up
4S2evCYKsz4-00279-00151991-00152366 yeah most motivation
4S2evCYKsz4-00280-00152367-00152519 it's like an icicle here but i wouldn't
4S2evCYKsz4-00281-00152520-00152751 notice i wouldn't notice
4S2evCYKsz4-00282-00152752-00155207 i would notice it right
4S2evCYKsz4-00283-00155208-00155614 okay push your body flat
4S2evCYKsz4-00284-00155615-00156031 here now take a bunch to the right side
4S2evCYKsz4-00285-00156032-00156287 make sure your knees think down okay
4S2evCYKsz4-00286-00156288-00156375 push
4S2evCYKsz4-00287-00156376-00157126 it to the grip take it to the other side
4S2evCYKsz4-00288-00157127-00157366 face me yeah you got to sit back so your
4S2evCYKsz4-00289-00157367-00157623 knee don't catch your feet
4S2evCYKsz4-00290-00157624-00157911 hip flexor arms stay out make sure the
4S2evCYKsz4-00291-00157912-00158131 back leg stays straight
4S2evCYKsz4-00292-00158132-00158559 push it into the
4S2evCYKsz4-00293-00158560-00160761 bring it up
4S2evCYKsz4-00294-00160762-00161083 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00295-00161084-00163207 right
4S2evCYKsz4-00296-00163208-00163407 this is not the stretch make sure you
4S2evCYKsz4-00297-00163408-00163551 leave with your chest
4S2evCYKsz4-00298-00163552-00163751 okay if you can't go all the way down
4S2evCYKsz4-00299-00163752-00163854 and just shut it
4S2evCYKsz4-00300-00163855-00164184 make sure you
4S2evCYKsz4-00301-00164185-00164871 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00302-00164872-00165078 try to keep it 90 degrees try to keep it
4S2evCYKsz4-00303-00165079-00165247 90 degrees
4S2evCYKsz4-00304-00165248-00166235 ready
4S2evCYKsz4-00305-00166236-00166383 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00306-00166384-00166990 six five four
4S2evCYKsz4-00307-00166991-00167311 three two
4S2evCYKsz4-00308-00167312-00167535 hold it in step back turn it onto a
4S2evCYKsz4-00309-00167536-00167614 lunge
4S2evCYKsz4-00310-00167615-00167775 deep budge if you can get there okay
4S2evCYKsz4-00311-00167776-00167935 deep lunge deep lunge make sure the knee
4S2evCYKsz4-00312-00167936-00168063 stays behind the toe
4S2evCYKsz4-00313-00168064-00168247 if that's too much just come into a
4S2evCYKsz4-00314-00168248-00169166 regular lunch okay
4S2evCYKsz4-00315-00169167-00169278 ready we're going to take it to the
4S2evCYKsz4-00316-00169279-00169454 other side use your hands wall hip
4S2evCYKsz4-00317-00169455-00169631 flexor stretch arms out to the other
4S2evCYKsz4-00318-00169632-00169678 side
4S2evCYKsz4-00319-00169679-00169935 really push the head right hip into the
4S2evCYKsz4-00320-00169936-00170111 floor
4S2evCYKsz4-00321-00170112-00170414 keep that back knee straight
4S2evCYKsz4-00322-00170415-00170751 and lift and drop it in
4S2evCYKsz4-00323-00170752-00171431 how we feel everybody hold it here
4S2evCYKsz4-00324-00171432-00171743 drop both hands down hand to the back
4S2evCYKsz4-00325-00171744-00172078 left hand to the back that means away
4S2evCYKsz4-00326-00172079-00172143 from me
4S2evCYKsz4-00327-00172144-00172526 straighten out that back leg
4S2evCYKsz4-00328-00172527-00172895 keep the core tight
4S2evCYKsz4-00329-00172896-00173159 drop down while the arm goes up your
4S2evCYKsz4-00330-00173160-00173287 feet stay the same
4S2evCYKsz4-00331-00173288-00175111 hold nice and tight
4S2evCYKsz4-00332-00175112-00175383 again stretch it out i'm already
4S2evCYKsz4-00333-00175384-00175807 starting to smoke inside the house
4S2evCYKsz4-00334-00175808-00176287 sometimes
4S2evCYKsz4-00335-00176288-00176566 yeah you can't tell because you're warm
4S2evCYKsz4-00336-00176567-00176678 all the power is out
4S2evCYKsz4-00337-00176679-00176999 you know right now so the cold is slowly
4S2evCYKsz4-00338-00177000-00177135 keeping in the house
4S2evCYKsz4-00339-00177136-00177320 you can't tell right
4S2evCYKsz4-00340-00177321-00177895 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00341-00177896-00178214 ten now back nine
4S2evCYKsz4-00342-00178215-00178526 back eight back
4S2evCYKsz4-00343-00178527-00178966 seven six
4S2evCYKsz4-00344-00178967-00179319 come on four
4S2evCYKsz4-00345-00179320-00179647 three two
4S2evCYKsz4-00346-00179648-00179887 and one take it back go into a deep
4S2evCYKsz4-00347-00179888-00180078 lunge
4S2evCYKsz4-00348-00180079-00180414 the four come up here that's fine too
4S2evCYKsz4-00349-00180415-00181038 there you go
4S2evCYKsz4-00350-00181039-00181343 all right walk your hands center
4S2evCYKsz4-00351-00181344-00181719 stretch it over to the right side hold
4S2evCYKsz4-00352-00181720-00182083 around we feeling good
4S2evCYKsz4-00353-00182084-00182935 is
4S2evCYKsz4-00354-00182936-00183047 right now i'm actually really nervous
4S2evCYKsz4-00355-00183048-00184807 for this workout there you go
4S2evCYKsz4-00356-00184808-00185238 inhale again exhale grab the right leg
4S2evCYKsz4-00357-00185239-00185566 pull it in front just abs stretch arm
4S2evCYKsz4-00358-00185567-00185702 out keep the knees together push your
4S2evCYKsz4-00359-00185703-00185895 hips forward lift your chest
4S2evCYKsz4-00360-00185896-00186350 stretch out the quadriceps
4S2evCYKsz4-00361-00186351-00186783 always breathe always breathe
4S2evCYKsz4-00362-00186784-00187190 ready take it to the other side
4S2evCYKsz4-00363-00187191-00187495 find the balance
4S2evCYKsz4-00364-00187496-00188238 subject to the other side
4S2evCYKsz4-00365-00188239-00190087 oh my goodness okay here we go
4S2evCYKsz4-00366-00190088-00190247 all my level four we gonna go back to
4S2evCYKsz4-00367-00190248-00190390 three
4S2evCYKsz4-00368-00190391-00190543 i was at twelve thousand going down to
4S2evCYKsz4-00370-00194684-00194884 oh
4S2evCYKsz4-00371-00194885-00196143 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00372-00196144-00196647 come on okay on
4S2evCYKsz4-00373-00196648-00197919 come on
4S2evCYKsz4-00374-00197920-00198063 that's my first time trying insanity
4S2evCYKsz4-00375-00198064-00198238 with that thing
4S2evCYKsz4-00377-00201684-00203083 hmm
4S2evCYKsz4-00378-00203084-00204925 uh
4S2evCYKsz4-00379-00204926-00205882 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00380-00205883-00207282 so
4S2evCYKsz4-00381-00207283-00208682 oh
4S2evCYKsz4-00382-00208683-00210082 oh
4S2evCYKsz4-00384-00213880-00214319 give you good
4S2evCYKsz4-00385-00214319-00214534 he's wearing resistance so i know you
4S2evCYKsz4-00386-00214535-00214646 feeling it
4S2evCYKsz4-00387-00214648-00214982 them jeans making it boy stop
4S2evCYKsz4-00388-00214983-00215175 i'm wearing like two pairs of pants too
4S2evCYKsz4-00389-00215176-00217082 and i ain't wearing jeans
4S2evCYKsz4-00390-00217083-00219882 oh
4S2evCYKsz4-00391-00219883-00222310 uh
4S2evCYKsz4-00392-00222311-00224082 oh that was crazy
4S2evCYKsz4-00393-00224083-00225142 ready
4S2evCYKsz4-00394-00225144-00225463 the door before
4S2evCYKsz4-00395-00225464-00228282 jacob the beautiful night
4S2evCYKsz4-00396-00228283-00228406 hey
4S2evCYKsz4-00397-00228407-00229151 your team
4S2evCYKsz4-00398-00229152-00230692 come on
4S2evCYKsz4-00399-00230692-00231082 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00400-00231083-00232503 okay
4S2evCYKsz4-00401-00232504-00233175 drink that cold water on the hot body
4S2evCYKsz4-00402-00233176-00234517 the jeans got you huh
4S2evCYKsz4-00403-00234517-00235246 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00404-00235248-00236206 bounce up
4S2evCYKsz4-00405-00236207-00236734 oh gosh that is
4S2evCYKsz4-00406-00236735-00237046 to my hard style
4S2evCYKsz4-00407-00237048-00237215 if you want to be the best you got to
4S2evCYKsz4-00408-00237216-00237382 beat the best and the best
4S2evCYKsz4-00409-00237383-00237655 should be you you should always be
4S2evCYKsz4-00410-00237656-00237742 pushing
4S2evCYKsz4-00411-00237744-00238071 to go harder but also know when to take
4S2evCYKsz4-00412-00238071-00238167 a break
4S2evCYKsz4-00413-00238167-00238423 that fine line between serenity and
4S2evCYKsz4-00414-00238423-00238606 strength
4S2evCYKsz4-00415-00238607-00238958 power and control meekness
4S2evCYKsz4-00416-00238959-00240169 and aggression
4S2evCYKsz4-00417-00240169-00240798 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00418-00240800-00240982 you got to do them right first there you
4S2evCYKsz4-00419-00240983-00241375 go good job
4S2evCYKsz4-00420-00241376-00243308 it's wrong jumps broken
4S2evCYKsz4-00421-00243309-00243646 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00422-00243648-00245142 good job
4S2evCYKsz4-00423-00245144-00245919 all right it's gonna control you
4S2evCYKsz4-00424-00245919-00246063 see your body's tired it's not that you
4S2evCYKsz4-00425-00246064-00246223 out of energy
4S2evCYKsz4-00426-00246223-00247894 five seconds
4S2evCYKsz4-00427-00247896-00250551 friday next time good job good job
4S2evCYKsz4-00428-00250552-00250887 slow down so he can see you sir so now
4S2evCYKsz4-00429-00250888-00251279 you know so first of all look hello
4S2evCYKsz4-00430-00251280-00251758 look at us pay attention
4S2evCYKsz4-00431-00251759-00252110 slow down look he comes up
4S2evCYKsz4-00432-00252111-00252494 you're working your bleach
4S2evCYKsz4-00433-00252496-00254223 friday night's at a hopping
4S2evCYKsz4-00434-00254223-00254558 set your body forward just a little bit
4S2evCYKsz4-00435-00254559-00255087 yeah you want to fill in your core
4S2evCYKsz4-00436-00255088-00255430 lean forward look look don't lean back
4S2evCYKsz4-00437-00255431-00255527 like this
4S2evCYKsz4-00438-00255528-00256319 laying
4S2evCYKsz4-00439-00256319-00259082 oh forward
4S2evCYKsz4-00440-00259083-00260271 oh
4S2evCYKsz4-00441-00260271-00260687 it sucks but it builds you
4S2evCYKsz4-00443-00266083-00267153 okay
4S2evCYKsz4-00444-00267154-00268882 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00445-00268883-00270295 there
4S2evCYKsz4-00446-00270296-00270479 to change it up and i'll be in there to
4S2evCYKsz4-00447-00270480-00273103 change it up
4S2evCYKsz4-00448-00273104-00273951 hey sir you're doing a good job
4S2evCYKsz4-00449-00273952-00274167 i'm wearing two pairs of pants too ain't
4S2evCYKsz4-00450-00274168-00274319 not jeans though
4S2evCYKsz4-00451-00274320-00274630 that's why if you ever wonder why they
4S2evCYKsz4-00452-00274631-00274758 look like they half naked in these
4S2evCYKsz4-00453-00274759-00274855 videos
4S2evCYKsz4-00454-00274856-00275263 now you know
4S2evCYKsz4-00455-00275264-00276951 all the extra clothes can weigh down
4S2evCYKsz4-00456-00276952-00277544 snack ups
4S2evCYKsz4-00457-00277545-00278682 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00458-00278683-00279934 matchups
4S2evCYKsz4-00459-00279935-00281271 these are loud wings because
4S2evCYKsz4-00460-00281272-00282775 last one no pranks
4S2evCYKsz4-00461-00282776-00282990 all right
4S2evCYKsz4-00462-00282991-00284263 [Music]
4S2evCYKsz4-00463-00284264-00285271 you know
4S2evCYKsz4-00464-00285272-00285511 aka
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00000-00000003-00000164 I'm Mark Miller and I'll be speaking
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00001-00000165-00000524 today about higher-order smart contracts
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00002-00000525-00000970 across chains the world economy the the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00003-00000971-00001223 the phenomenon of markets that has
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00004-00001224-00001439 evolved in human society for thousands
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00005-00001440-00001935 of years is a very rich complex
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00006-00001936-00002284 phenomena that has given rise to all
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00007-00002285-00002564 sorts of ways that human co-op humans
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00008-00002565-00002752 cooperate with each other in large
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00009-00002753-00003095 networks and the current way that we're
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00010-00003096-00003485 building smart contracts is not able to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00011-00003486-00003940 reproduce that richness and in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00012-00003942-00004220 particular I want to focus on one
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00013-00004221-00004604 particular source of that richness that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00014-00004605-00004795 we can understand and try to do a better
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00015-00004796-00005152 job to reproduce which is the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00016-00005153-00005543 abstractness of property rights property
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00017-00005544-00006092 rights evolved from very simple concept
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00018-00006093-00006275 that I there's physical goods and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00019-00006276-00006581 there's a territory which became
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00020-00006581-00006956 tradable land and you traded this thing
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00021-00006956-00007100 for that thing and it probably started
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00022-00007101-00007345 without even a general concept that all
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00023-00007347-00007769 these different things were under a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00024-00007770-00008092 common concept of property but as people
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00025-00008093-00008374 traded one thing for another there came
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00026-00008375-00008609 to arise this general understanding that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00027-00008610-00008801 oh these are tradable things there's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00028-00008802-00009646 this concept of property and then as
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00029-00009647-00009878 people built institutions you know
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00030-00009879-00010109 evolved as an institution's grew
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00031-00010110-00010345 institutional arrangements ways of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00032-00010346-00010580 transacting with each other grew around
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00033-00010581-00011159 the concept of property that was created
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00034-00011160-00011480 this richness this vocabulary of ways of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00035-00011481-00011699 cooperating with each other that were
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00036-00011700-00012026 parameterised by whatever would feed
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00037-00012027-00012224 into those Arrangements under the label
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00038-00012225-00012581 property so once we had that we had the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00039-00012582-00013094 ability to generalize the label to label
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00040-00013094-00013296 new things as property
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00041-00013297-00013547 that had not previously been labeled
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00042-00013549-00013847 property and as we labeled new things
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00043-00013849-00014379 property the existing vocabulary of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00044-00014380-00014622 arrangements of cooperation we were able
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00045-00014622-00014940 to leverage them to reuse them to apply
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00046-00014941-00015204 to any new thing that we came to be to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00047-00015205-00015863 call property so in computer science
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00048-00015863-00016388 this process of building up a variety of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00049-00016389-00016590 abstractions that are generically
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00050-00016591-00016953 parameterize Abal over some category of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00051-00016954-00017187 input is known as parametric
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00052-00017188-00017805 polymorphism and the ability to take new
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00053-00017806-00018198 concepts and fill the fit it into an old
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00054-00018199-00018669 category so that parametric things
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00055-00018670-00018828 things that were generally parameterize
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00056-00018829-00019218 Abul could apply to them is known as
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00057-00019219-00019892 reification so Hernando DeSoto in the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00058-00019893-00020610 book the mystery of capital examines why
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00059-00020611-00020874 it is that the informal economy the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00060-00020875-00021291 economy that exists outside of formal
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00061-00021292-00021675 legal systems he examines nature of that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00062-00021676-00021852 economy first of all explains that it's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00063-00021853-00022062 a very rich economy its general it's a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00064-00022063-00022388 genuine EECOM economy a tremendous
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00065-00022389-00022785 fraction of the world's overall economic
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00066-00022786-00023049 activity occurs outside of any legal
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00067-00023050-00023325 system occurs in the informal economy
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00068-00023326-00023490 there's certainly much creation of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00069-00023491-00023730 wealth much cooperation there but
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00070-00023731-00024435 they're not able to engage in the rapid
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00071-00024436-00024722 growth of the rapid exponential growth
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00072-00024723-00025011 of wealth creation that is familiar in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00073-00025012-00025230 our world and Hernando de Soto asks why
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00074-00025231-00025544 not and he focuses on what he calls
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00075-00025545-00026199 turning a property into capital that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00076-00026200-00026376 it's a failure to turn property into
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00077-00026377-00026593 capital so
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00078-00026594-00027005 in our world we're familiar with complex
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00079-00027006-00027721 networks of of abstractions of property
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00080-00027722-00028045 arranging composition of cooperative
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00081-00028046-00028489 arrangement so we have the concept of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00082-00028490-00028645 let's say owning a house but then we
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00083-00028646-00028877 have the concept of mortgaging a house
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00084-00028877-00029124 well mortgaging what mortgaging house
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00085-00029125-00029492 creates this new valuable arrangement
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00086-00029493-00029789 but then once you've mortgaged the house
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00087-00029789-00029995 you don't own the house how is it that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00088-00029996-00030220 you can sell the house if you don't own
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00089-00030221-00030496 the house or what you do is you sell
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00090-00030497-00030718 your position in the mortgage contract
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00091-00030719-00030943 that the position in the mortgage
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00092-00030944-00031243 contract itself becomes a new abstract
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00093-00031244-00031390 form a property you can think of it as a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00094-00031391-00031679 derived right where the house itself is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00095-00031680-00032512 the base right and the example that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00096-00032513-00032861 Hernando DeSoto gives in mystery of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00097-00032862-00033168 capital is the inability to turn
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00098-00033169-00033461 ownership of a house what is genuinely
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00099-00033462-00033743 from an economics perspective ownership
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00100-00033744-00033989 of the house but what but ownership that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00101-00033990-00034210 is not legally recognized by the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00102-00034211-00034430 external world legal systems it's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00103-00034431-00034736 recognized by the systems of norms in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00104-00034737-00034957 the local community that one that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00105-00034958-00035230 particular person is recognised owning
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00106-00035231-00035417 the house within the local community
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00107-00035418-00035642 they can sell the house and new owners
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00108-00035643-00035870 recognize as owning the house but they
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00109-00035871-00036185 can't take that internal recognition it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00110-00036186-00036457 doesn't fit the vocabulary of rights
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00111-00036458-00036796 that these other external built up
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00112-00036797-00037107 arrangements of cooperation understand
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00113-00037108-00037432 so there's just this inability to reify
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00114-00037433-00037582 you can think of this as a reification
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00115-00037583-00037874 failure and the reification failure
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00116-00037875-00038221 means that this whole built up richness
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00117-00038222-00038455 of institutions that we have in the rest
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00118-00038456-00038735 of the world cannot be parameterized by
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00119-00038736-00038974 the property rights created in the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00120-00038975-00039878 informal economy
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00121-00039879-00040461 so I want to recast DeSoto's insight
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00122-00040462-00040911 very much in computer science terms so
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00123-00040912-00041289 that we can use both the economic
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00124-00041290-00041535 perspective and the computer science
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00125-00041536-00041919 perspective on this one phenomenon to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00126-00041920-00042393 build smart contracting systems that can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00127-00042394-00042714 enable a greater richness and complexity
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00128-00042715-00042861 and composability
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00129-00042862-00043563 of cooperative arrangements so in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00130-00043564-00043784 computer science we have this notion of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00131-00043785-00044259 higher order composition and for each
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00132-00044260-00044526 form of higher order composition it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00133-00044527-00044904 depends on some ability to reify and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00134-00044905-00045123 those abilities each time you have an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00135-00045124-00045381 ability to reify there's some case at
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00136-00045382-00045630 which it runs out of steam and you no
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00137-00045631-00045849 longer have an ability to reify within
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00138-00045850-00046215 that system and now you you the that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00139-00046216-00046470 failure to reify should provoke you to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00140-00046471-00046809 build a new higher order system that has
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00141-00046810-00047130 new rules of reification so that you can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00142-00047131-00047439 now bring this higher composition into
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00143-00047440-00047571 that new realm so this is all very very
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00144-00047572-00047820 abstract I'm going to start off a little
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00145-00047821-00048300 bit less abstract so in the world of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00146-00048301-00048468 functional programming languages where
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00147-00048469-00048894 you have pure functions the really cool
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00148-00048895-00049119 thing about functional programming
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00149-00049120-00049476 languages is functions operate on values
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00150-00049477-00049752 of some sort and will compute a new
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00151-00049753-00050127 value given input values but a function
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00152-00050128-00050511 itself is a valid is the kind of value
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00153-00050512-00050790 that you can apply functions to and you
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00154-00050791-00050987 can write many functions like a like a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00155-00050988-00051296 function composing function which are
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00156-00051297-00051549 generic that will take any function as
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00157-00051550-00051807 input so the kind of thing they are as a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00158-00051808-00052398 means to manipulate values the kind of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00159-00052399-00052578 thing that they that they manipulate
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00160-00052579-00052734 which is the values that you can feed
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00161-00052735-00052863 into the function is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00162-00052864-00053178 also the kind of thing that they are so
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00163-00053179-00053412 therefore they are the kind of thing
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00164-00053413-00053685 that they manipulate and therefore you
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00165-00053686-00053919 can compose them into these great
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00166-00053920-00054210 networks of functions operating on each
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00167-00054211-00054438 other and eventually on base values and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00168-00054439-00054684 create the richness that we associate
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00169-00054685-00055004 with with with functional programming
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00170-00055004-00055551 however functional programming is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00171-00055552-00055812 specifically mathematical like functions
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00172-00055813-00056141 with no side-effects the world has
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00173-00056142-00056370 stateful concepts like a bank balance
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00174-00056371-00056808 and you can't take a mutable bank
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00175-00056809-00057372 balance and reify it as an object as a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00176-00057373-00057666 thing that is the kind of thing that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00177-00057666-00057915 plays within the world of higher order
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00178-00057916-00058290 composition of the functions you can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00179-00058291-00058599 write patterns of functions you can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00180-00058600-00058836 engage in these other patterns with
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00181-00058837-00059042 monads and state passing and all that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00182-00059044-00059295 that end up creating a new level of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00183-00059296-00059847 abstraction but you can't simply apply a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00184-00059848-00060138 function to a stateful object and have
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00185-00060139-00060363 it be the same stateful object after a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00186-00060364-00060878 change in state so instead we have
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00187-00060879-00061113 higher we have object-oriented
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00188-00061114-00061323 programming which has this higher-order
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00189-00061324-00061586 nature with regard to stateful things
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00190-00061587-00062180 that you can take a mutable object store
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00191-00062182-00062451 it in a table while it's in the table it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00192-00062452-00062661 might change State and then later you
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00193-00062662-00062871 can pull it out of the table and it's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00194-00062872-00063102 the same object in the new State that's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00195-00063103-00063474 an example of a kind of composition a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00196-00063475-00063692 kind of higher-order composition to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00197-00063694-00063890 create cooperative arrangements of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00198-00063891-00064229 computation that you simply can't do in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00199-00064230-00064430 a direct manner in functional
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00200-00064432-00064664 programming and when you build up
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00201-00064665-00064899 patterns that do that you're creating
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00202-00064900-00065277 for example a new object layer of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00203-00065278-00065472 abstraction that's really distinct from
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00204-00065473-00066065 the functions however
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00205-00066066-00066524 what is directly relevant to our mission
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00206-00066525-00066881 of trying to bring the world economy
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00207-00066882-00067307 online through digital media through
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00208-00067308-00067592 blockchains through smart contracts is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00209-00067593-00068105 that objects themselves cannot directly
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00210-00068106-00068660 represent exclusive rights you can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00211-00068661-00068897 create patterns of objects as you will
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00212-00068898-00069314 see by which you indirectly create the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00213-00069315-00069512 concept of exclusive rights and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00214-00069513-00069713 indirectly manipulate the exclusive
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00215-00069714-00069932 rights but the exclusive right itself is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00216-00069933-00070202 not an object it's not reified as an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00217-00070203-00070550 object so therefore so in the same way
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00218-00070551-00070694 that you can create patterns of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00219-00070695-00070865 functions that give rise to this new
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00220-00070866-00071120 level of abstraction of objects we can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00221-00071121-00071438 create patterns of objects that give
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00222-00071439-00071671 rise to a new level of abstraction of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00223-00071672-00071882 electronic rights and that's what we're
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00224-00071883-00072488 doing but we're not just trying to reify
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00225-00072489-00072665 electronic rights we're trying to do it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00226-00072666-00073066 in a higher-order manner so that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00227-00073067-00073463 contracts manipulate rights but a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00228-00073464-00073814 contract that unfolds over time like a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00229-00073815-00074084 mortgage any contract that unfolds over
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00230-00074085-00074381 time the continued participation in the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00231-00074382-00074687 contract is a derivative value it is a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00232-00074688-00075041 valuable role it's a valuable position
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00233-00075042-00075326 to be in and we want that valuable role
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00234-00075327-00075755 to be a valuable tradable right and to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00235-00075756-00076187 consent to conceive of the concept of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00236-00076188-00076730 rights as a generic vessel so that a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00237-00076731-00077096 very great variety of kinds of rights
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00238-00077097-00077441 can be fit into that vessel where the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00239-00077442-00077753 vessel has to be broad enough to fit
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00240-00077754-00077978 many things into it but it has to be
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00241-00077979-00078332 strong enough such that you can write a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00242-00078333-00078584 very wide range of market institutions
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00243-00078585-00078947 of kinds of contracts exchange options
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00244-00078948-00079154 various forms of derivatives auctions
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00245-00079155-00079352 etc etc we
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00246-00079353-00079628 that we could write these things in a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00247-00079629-00079871 generically parameterize away in a way
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00248-00079872-00080234 that was parametrically polymorphic over
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00249-00080235-00080654 writes in very very much in a way that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00250-00080655-00080828 is very much analogous to what we've
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00251-00080829-00081089 seen before so what we're trying to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00252-00081090-00081568 achieve is by enabling this higher-order
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00253-00081569-00081989 composition of rights and contracts this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00254-00081990-00082277 is much of the richness of the real
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00255-00082278-00082478 world of the thousands of years of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00256-00082479-00082763 evolution of market institutions it's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00257-00082764-00083144 that those deep networks of contracts
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00258-00083145-00083333 interacting with other contracts of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00259-00083334-00083534 agreements and arrangements interacting
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00260-00083535-00083690 with other agreements of arrangements
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00261-00083691-00084026 that is the source of the richness of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00262-00084027-00084470 the world of the market without this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00263-00084471-00084683 hire or composition we're not going to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00264-00084684-00084875 reproduce that richness where we have
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00265-00084876-00085124 had higher order composition functions
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00266-00085125-00085391 and objects we have seen in the computer
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00267-00085392-00085727 world a richness of composition where we
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00268-00085728-00086018 have not seen higher composition in the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00269-00086019-00086324 existing world of blockchain and smart
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00270-00086325-00086585 contracts we have not seen deep networks
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00271-00086586-00087161 of cooperation however with proper
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00272-00087162-00087455 humbleness we should understand that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00273-00087456-00087746 we're probably taking a step that is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00274-00087747-00088010 also at some point going to run into a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00275-00088011-00088357 reification failure it's early days yet
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00276-00088358-00088547 so we don't yet have a painfull
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00277-00088548-00088850 reification failure to talk about but we
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00278-00088851-00089021 should expect that eventually the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00279-00089022-00089246 process repeats again there is a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00280-00089247-00089426 reification failure and there will be a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00281-00089427-00089615 need to create a pattern at this level
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00282-00089616-00089903 they can create yet another level of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00283-00089904-00091292 abstraction to provide orientation about
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00284-00091293-00091496 what we're doing I'm just going to show
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00285-00091497-00091760 the the architect architecture Agora cos
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00286-00091761-00092012 building but we're in this talk only
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00287-00092013-00092222 concentrating on the upper layers of it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00288-00092223-00092588 so just very briefly
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00289-00092589-00093041 each each rectangle here each purple
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00290-00093042-00093319 rectangle is an individual machine each
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00291-00093320-00093653 stack is a logical machine the stack on
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00292-00093654-00093917 left is a public blockchain it's a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00293-00093918-00094163 logical machine that's built out of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00294-00094164-00094450 massive multi way agreement between many
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00295-00094451-00094709 physical machines that all cross check
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00296-00094710-00094963 each other and that becomes that logical
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00297-00094964-00095273 machine becomes a credible platform for
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00298-00095274-00095650 running programs that wear that need
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00299-00095651-00095857 wide credibility that need everyone to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00300-00095858-00096074 believe that what the program seems to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00301-00096075-00096181 have done is what the program
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00302-00096182-00096503 legitimately did and then there's you
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00303-00096504-00096751 know individual machines and and non
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00304-00096752-00097034 blockchain replication and and some of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00305-00097035-00097207 these things will be proprietary inside
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00306-00097208-00097460 companies and some of them will be on in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00307-00097461-00097856 the public what we want to do is we want
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00308-00097857-00098138 to build a level of abstraction over
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00309-00098139-00098498 that so that you can interact across the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00310-00098499-00099023 network in very much the way we we do we
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00311-00099024-00099176 are used to with distributed systems
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00312-00099177-00099438 across all of these different platforms
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00313-00099439-00099824 and on top of that we're building our
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00314-00099825-00100282 our object capability layer so our
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00315-00100283-00100565 object capability layer is a secure form
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00316-00100566-00101029 of object-oriented programming where the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00317-00101030-00101378 the object reference the the pointer to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00318-00101379-00101894 an object is a is a write and message
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00319-00101895-00102250 passing as a form of rights transfer and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00320-00102251-00102650 we're building this to again span over
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00321-00102651-00102953 all of those platforms and I'll just
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00322-00102954-00103291 briefly mention why that that form of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00323-00103292-00103598 spanning is so powerful one of the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00324-00103599-00103763 things that we're used to with the web
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00325-00103764-00104126 is that the web is mostly a public
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00326-00104127-00104465 system however companies have pride
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00327-00104466-00104707 internal web sites behind the firewall
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00328-00104708-00104969 that contains information that simply
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00329-00104970-00105221 nobody intends to make public but the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00330-00105222-00105596 users within the firewall can follow
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00331-00105597-00105961 links from internal webpages
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00332-00105963-00106159 to external web pages in a completely
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00333-00106160-00106454 seamless manner so we believe the same
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00334-00106455-00106628 thing is true for the upcoming world of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00335-00106629-00106799 cooperative distributed secure
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00336-00106800-00107093 computation that we want to span private
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00337-00107094-00107484 in public where the public use benefits
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00338-00107485-00107801 from a large volume of private use
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00339-00107802-00107978 interconnecting to it and likewise the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00340-00107979-00108149 private use benefits markets are all
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00341-00108150-00108392 about network effect and if we can span
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00342-00108393-00108683 both of those worlds so that the logic
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00343-00108683-00108932 of it seemingly seamlessly
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00344-00108933-00109267 interpenetrates we can add value to both
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00345-00109268-00109598 however this is a world of objects it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00346-00109599-00109805 has exactly the reification failure I
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00347-00109806-00110123 was just mentioning it's not able we're
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00348-00110124-00110357 not able to reify a tradable right
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00349-00110358-00110723 directly as an object so we build
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00350-00110724-00111122 patterns of objects that create this new
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00351-00111123-00111418 level of abstraction which we call the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00352-00111419-00111716 ear i'ts and smart contracts and we
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00353-00111717-00111920 there's this duality here it's exactly
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00354-00111921-00112127 the duality that I mentioned for example
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00355-00112128-00112577 with selling the mortgage it's that it's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00356-00112578-00112925 that contracts manipulate rights and a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00357-00112926-00113222 contract that unfolds over time creates
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00358-00113223-00113495 credible rights and many contracts can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00359-00113496-00113714 be generically parameterize Abul so they
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00360-00113715-00114197 can form these cooperative networks and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00361-00114198-00114724 our system comes in a protocol stack
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00362-00114725-00115043 glory' each protocol builds each level
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00363-00115044-00115271 of abstraction out of the previous level
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00364-00115272-00115483 of abstraction we have something called
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00365-00115484-00115763 that TP which were reconciling with the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00366-00115764-00116134 IBC system from cosmos that builds the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00367-00116135-00116279 VAT level of abstraction out of the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00368-00116280-00116528 machine level of abstraction cap TP that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00369-00116529-00116705 builds the object level of abstraction
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00370-00116706-00116819 out of the that level of abstraction
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00371-00116820-00117080 neither of those are relevant to the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00372-00117081-00117422 talk what is relevant to the talk is er
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00373-00117423-00117650 TP which is the electronic rights
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00374-00117651-00117956 transfer protocol and that is the means
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00375-00117957-00118250 by which starting with distributed
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00376-00118251-00118726 secure object we can build a system of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00377-00118727-00119042 tradable rights and smart contracts that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00378-00119043-00120102 facilitates higher-order copies
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00379-00120103-00120655 so an object reference in a memory safe
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00380-00120656-00121003 object programming language is already a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00381-00121004-00121243 form of right even before you go from
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00382-00121244-00121560 there to object capabilities if the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00383-00121561-00121852 object Bob does not have a reference to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00384-00121853-00122113 object Carol than in any memory safe
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00385-00122114-00122361 object a programming language object Bob
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00386-00122363-00122653 simply cannot invoke Carol she cannot
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00387-00122654-00122854 make use of carol public api
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00388-00122855-00123127 he cannot be provoked whatever behavior
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00389-00123128-00123576 would be provoked by invoking Carol
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00390-00123577-00123865 however if Alice who has a reference to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00391-00123866-00124174 both Bob and Carol invokes Bob passing
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00392-00124175-00124503 Carol as an argument that is both Alice
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00393-00124504-00124767 exercising her right to invoke Bob
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00394-00124768-00125068 granted by her reference to Bob as well
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00395-00125069-00125452 as Alice authorizing Bob to invoke Carol
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00396-00125453-00125674 by providing the reference and now the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00397-00125675-00125883 Bob receives the reference he can invoke
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00398-00125884-00126331 a Carol so to get from objects to object
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00399-00126332-00126697 capabilities we impose the constraint
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00400-00126698-00126952 that these references between objects
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00401-00126953-00127252 are the only carriers of causality
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00402-00127253-00127461 there's no other form of causality
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00403-00127463-00127576 outside the system
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00404-00127577-00127774 this makes the reference graph from the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00405-00127775-00127894 programming language literature
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00406-00127895-00128107 identical to the access graph from the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00407-00128108-00128392 access control literature so that the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00408-00128393-00128788 richness that object programming already
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00409-00128789-00129028 gives us at manipulating the reference
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00410-00129029-00129435 graph we leverage that intuitively as an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00411-00129436-00129667 as a direct extension of object
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00412-00129668-00129949 intuitions for manipulating the access
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00413-00129950-00130180 graph or for manipulating security
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00414-00130181-00130471 relationships and the result is that we
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00415-00130472-00130714 can express what would normally be
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00416-00130715-00130911 thought of as as complex security
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00417-00130913-00131191 relationships very straightforwardly
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00418-00131192-00131425 with simple object code that's easy to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00419-00131426-00132341 explain
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00420-00132342-00132872 so on the Left we have our object layer
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00421-00132873-00133302 on the right we have Alice paying Bob in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00422-00133303-00133737 some amount of money as an example of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00423-00133738-00133920 the kind of a right that we want to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00424-00133921-00134199 support let's take let's use the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00425-00134200-00134516 contrast between objects and money to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00426-00134517-00134751 explore the differences between these
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00427-00134752-00135222 layers of abstraction so objects are
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00428-00135223-00135612 shared once Alice gives Bob access to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00429-00135613-00135876 Carol there's still this line on the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00430-00135877-00136185 Left the diagonal line by which Alice
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00431-00136186-00136395 still has access to Carol and Alice
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00432-00136396-00136611 might drop the reference excuse me
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00433-00136612-00136839 Alice might drop the reference but bob
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00434-00136840-00137037 has no way to know that Alice has
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00435-00137038-00137103 dropped it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00436-00137104-00137499 whereas for Bob to get paid and to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00437-00137500-00137772 consider himself to have been paid he
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00438-00137773-00137979 needs to know that he has exclusive
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00439-00137980-00138566 access to the money that Alice gave in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00440-00138567-00138834 objects are exercised they perform
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00441-00138835-00139104 actions you the the whole point of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00442-00139105-00139287 having a reference to an object is you
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00443-00139288-00139611 can do things by invoking it whereas
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00444-00139612-00139842 money is symbolic it doesn't have any u
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00445-00139843-00140375 s-- value it only has value in trading
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00446-00140376-00140640 objects are opaque when Bob receives
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00447-00140641-00141018 this reference to Carol all Bob knows is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00448-00141019-00141306 he's received a reference to some object
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00449-00141307-00141540 that somebody who could invoke him
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00450-00141541-00141858 decided to give him
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00451-00141859-00142143 whereas Bob in order to consider himself
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00452-00142144-00142383 to be paid nice needs not just to have
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00453-00142384-00142623 received the money he needs to know that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00454-00142624-00142884 he's received the money and he has needs
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00455-00142885-00143259 to note that he's received what money to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00456-00143260-00143510 know that he's received three units
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00457-00143511-00143745 isn't any good if he doesn't know if
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00458-00143746-00143993 those are gold coins or dollar bills or
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00459-00143994-00144405 Euros or whatever so he so he has to be
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00460-00144406-00144657 receiving something where he understands
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00461-00144658-00145358 the quantity it is that he's received
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00462-00145359-00145683 objects are specific Bob receives
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00463-00145684-00145950 exactly Carol itself that particular
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00464-00145951-00146430 object money is fungible Bob doesn't
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00465-00146431-00146676 care what dollar bills he's received he
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00466-00146677-00146868 just cares about the total quantity he's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00467-00146869-00147378 left with at the end of the day so I'm
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00468-00147379-00147741 drawing this contrast not to say that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00469-00147742-00147945 objects are the left column and I rights
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00470-00147946-00148221 are the right column objects are indeed
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00471-00148222-00148530 the left column that's accurate but ye
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00472-00148531-00148971 rights I include all of these variations
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00473-00148972-00149375 all these degrees of variability that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00474-00149376-00149781 this contrast has shown us four of the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00475-00149782-00149982 dimensions by which rights can be
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00476-00149983-00150279 different from each other and by II
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00477-00150280-00150642 rights we want to include all of the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00478-00150643-00150903 variations and combinations that the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00479-00150904-00151263 contrast between the two has has shown
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00480-00151264-00152621 us as a world to explore and build so
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00481-00152622-00152892 fortunately the patterns you need to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00482-00152893-00153350 express in object to build ear i'ts are
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00483-00153351-00153771 straightforward this is the code needed
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00484-00153772-00154209 to build the money with the attributes I
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00485-00154210-00154434 just showed out of objects with the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00486-00154435-00154977 attributes I just showed so over here we
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00487-00154978-00155181 have an outer function called make mint
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00488-00155182-00155703 and each time we invoke make mint it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00489-00155704-00156153 makes an issuer object over here a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00490-00156154-00156630 ledger object and a mint object and it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00491-00156631-00156843 creates this layer in which those three
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00492-00156844-00157005 objects are in bed with each other they
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00493-00157006-00157350 know each other so let's go ahead and so
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00494-00157351-00157790 so this layer this plane represents a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00495-00157791-00158052 logical new currency so let's invoke
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00496-00158053-00158532 make mint four times creating four
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00497-00158533-00158679 different systems of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00498-00158680-00158916 see all of which instantiate the code on
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00499-00158917-00159354 the right the mint object is where new
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00500-00159355-00159564 units of currency come from it makes a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00501-00159565-00159849 person Ischl eyes with those units so
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00502-00159850-00160188 let's go ahead and in create some new
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00503-00160189-00160712 units and give Alice a purse containing
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00504-00160713-00160986 let's invite a purse containing a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00505-00160987-00161355 hundred dollars and let's invoke mint
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00506-00161356-00161766 again creating a purse with 200 dollars
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00507-00161767-00162759 that we give to Bob so we consider this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00508-00162760-00163182 to be alice has a right to 200 units of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00509-00163183-00163374 you know let's call it gold coins
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00510-00163375-00163578 instead of dollars that Alice has a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00511-00163579-00163803 right to two to a hundred of them in Bob
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00512-00163804-00164073 has a right to 200 but notice that the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00513-00164074-00164340 rights themselves do not appear in the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00514-00164341-00164550 diagram and the rights themselves do not
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00515-00164551-00164817 appear in the code they are not objects
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00516-00164818-00165051 that you can store and retrieve from
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00517-00165052-00165612 other generic objects now let's say that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00518-00165613-00165834 that in this arrangement Alice wants to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00519-00165835-00166391 buy a concert ticket from Bob
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00520-00166392-00166698 so what Alice does first is she sends
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00521-00166699-00166893 the withdraw method to the purse and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00522-00166894-00167112 with the withdraw method does is it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00523-00167113-00167457 makes a new purse so we're gonna so that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00524-00167458-00167763 was the the Alice's main purse creates a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00525-00167764-00168138 new payment purse and then consults the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00526-00168139-00168561 ledger and moves 10 units from the main
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00527-00168562-00168926 person the payment purse
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00528-00168927-00169392 then Alice sends the payment to Bob and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00529-00169393-00169695 but with this buy method this by message
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00530-00169696-00169962 where the buy message says contains the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00531-00169963-00170121 payment and also a description of what
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00532-00170122-00170925 Alice wants to buy and now we have an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00533-00170926-00171417 interesting dilemma Alice have you you
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00534-00171418-00171654 might think that Alice has reified the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00535-00171655-00171879 payment in the payment purse we even
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00536-00171880-00172083 called the object pane
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00537-00172084-00172362 so as far as Alice is concerned at this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00538-00172363-00172727 point she's paid Bob but we colored that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00539-00172728-00173046 reference arrow red because Bob has no
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00540-00173047-00173420 way of knowing that Alice has dropped it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00541-00173421-00173664 Alice might still have access to the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00542-00173665-00173781 painted purse but that's not our only
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00543-00173782-00174128 problem
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00544-00174129-00174657 there's also Alice knows that she sent a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00545-00174658-00174879 purse whose purpose was to pay Bob but
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00546-00174880-00175092 Bob doesn't know this yet he's just
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00547-00175093-00175260 received some object from Alice he
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00548-00175261-00175742 doesn't know what it is but objects are
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00549-00175743-00176040 exercisable you can invoke them so we
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00550-00176041-00176322 can use the behavior of the objects when
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00551-00176323-00176733 invoked to bring about the change of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00552-00176734-00176952 state that represents at our higher
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00553-00176953-00177231 level of abstraction that the the motion
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00554-00177232-00177720 of Rights so Bob so going back to our
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00555-00177721-00178050 code Bob does this by sending a deposit
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00556-00178051-00178437 message to his main purse saying deposit
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00557-00178438-00178809 into yourself ten units from the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00558-00178810-00178974 argument purse
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00559-00178975-00179223 these purses consult ledger changed the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00560-00179224-00179853 Ledger's representation of that and at
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00561-00179854-00180330 no time has Bob revoked Alice's access
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00562-00180331-00180669 to the payment al'lat Bob cannot revoke
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00563-00180670-00180945 Alice's access to the payment object but
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00564-00180946-00181131 it doesn't matter because now the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00565-00181132-00181362 payment object is associated with zero
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00566-00181363-00181731 units bob has revoked the usefulness of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00567-00181732-00181923 the payments object but Alice still has
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00568-00181924-00183126 access to it but it does her no good the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00569-00183127-00183546 code that I showed you created ear i'ts
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00570-00183547-00183912 out of objects but it was not it did not
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00571-00183913-00184250 yet fit into our framework for creating
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00572-00184251-00184572 higher-order composition of contracts in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00573-00184573-00184878 a smooth way so I want to be realistic
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00574-00184879-00185046 about how much code it takes to do this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00575-00185047-00185307 for real and that's the code on the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00576-00185308-00185443 right
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00577-00185444-00186035 which I will not go through but I do
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00578-00186036-00186257 want to emphasize something about the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00579-00186258-00186458 previous piece of code this code and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00580-00186459-00186647 every piece of code you're about to see
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00581-00186648-00186935 in this talk which is well these things
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00582-00186936-00187169 are operating on block chains and not
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00583-00187170-00187507 block chains in creating cryptographic
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00584-00187508-00187750 interactions that represent you know
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00585-00187751-00187982 distributed money protocols and other
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00586-00187983-00188543 forms of cooperation surely if they're
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00587-00188544-00188750 if they're doing this cryptographically
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00588-00188751-00188948 the code must be expressing
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00589-00188949-00189383 cryptographic concepts and the answer is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00590-00189384-00189647 no that it isn't the the answer is that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00591-00189648-00189770 that's one of the things that we're
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00592-00189771-00190123 buying with our layer separation is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00593-00190124-00190496 designing new cryptographic protocols
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00594-00190497-00190675 designing new arrangements of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00595-00190676-00190934 cryptographic primitives is bloody hard
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00596-00190935-00191234 and experts get it wrong all the time
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00597-00191235-00191628 and if every time we need a new complex
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00598-00191629-00191882 cooperative arrangement we have to do it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00599-00191883-00192178 by figuring out a new arrangement of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00600-00192179-00192454 cryptographic primitives our new economy
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00601-00192455-00192616 is sunk we're not going to get there
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00602-00192617-00193082 that way instead our approach is to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00603-00193083-00193493 invest that effort once in the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00604-00193494-00193706 cryptographic under this isn't this is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00605-00193707-00194077 actually the a first approximation it's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00606-00194078-00194312 not quite true but it's it's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00607-00194313-00194587 sufficiently true that it's the main
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00608-00194588-00194936 truth of programming in the system which
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00609-00194937-00195296 is we we invest the effort in building
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00610-00195297-00195679 the cryptographic protocols once the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00611-00195680-00195982 very hard effort to create the system of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00612-00195983-00196291 distributed secure objects such that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00613-00196292-00196615 once we've got the power of distributed
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00614-00196616-00196850 secure object capabilities we can now
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00615-00196851-00197089 take a great variety of cooperative
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00616-00197090-00197350 arrangements and express them simply in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00617-00197351-00197590 terms of objects and object behaviors
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00618-00197591-00197756 without ever needing to refer back to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00619-00197757-00198303 cryptographic concepts
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00620-00198304-00198868 so having built patterns that express
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00621-00198869-00199147 ear i'ts we're now going to think about
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00622-00199148-00199372 things at this new level of abstraction
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00623-00199373-00199702 that we've created where the e write
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00624-00199703-00199993 itself is now thought of as an object
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00625-00199994-00200350 that moves so we use we'll use that as
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00626-00200351-00200509 one visual language where you still have
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00627-00200510-00200716 issuers and persons but the e writes
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00628-00200717-00201052 move between them will also use the the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00629-00201053-00201382 visual language where the e write is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00630-00201383-00201679 just carried in a message and in this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00631-00201680-00202017 case Alice buying a ticket from Bob
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00632-00202018-00202411 through the code on the right once Alice
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00633-00202412-00202747 receives the payment alice is a Bob is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00634-00202748-00202891 able I'm sorry when Bob receives the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00635-00202892-00203077 payment Bob is able to know that he's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00636-00203078-00203278 been paid before releasing the concert
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00637-00203279-00203665 ticket however this protects Alice from
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00638-00203666-00204160 Bob this protects Bob from Alice it does
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00639-00204161-00204532 not yet protect Alice from Bob as far as
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00640-00204533-00204756 this arrangement is concerned
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00641-00204757-00205036 Bob could simply pocket the money and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00642-00205037-00205327 never release the ticket so this is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00643-00205328-00205588 still not an adequate set of primitives
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00644-00205589-00205858 to start down on the road to rich
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00645-00205859-00206265 composition of markets we need to go
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00646-00206266-00206785 from this picture to a picture that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00647-00206786-00207094 includes smart contracts including a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00648-00207094-00207357 smart contract that brings about an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00649-00207358-00207685 exchange as an all-or-nothing exchange
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00650-00207686-00207916 between two parties that either both
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00651-00207917-00208138 Alice that that Alice knows she won't
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00652-00208139-00208303 lose her money unless she gets a ticket
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00653-00208304-00208519 Bob knows he won't lose the ticket
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00654-00208519-00209566 unless he gets the money
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00655-00209567-00209931 so over here this is just a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00656-00209932-00210105 rearrangement of the elements you've
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00657-00210106-00210378 already seen we have the money issuer in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00658-00210379-00210594 the upper left we have the ticket issuer
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00659-00210594-00210939 in the upper right Alice has a main
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00660-00210940-00211217 money purse and a main ticket purse and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00661-00211219-00211434 Bob likewise has a main money person and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00662-00211435-00211863 main take it purse we introduced a new
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00663-00211864-00212259 concept called a contract host and this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00664-00212260-00212558 is more than anything the kind of code
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00665-00212559-00212819 that you would run on a public
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00666-00212821-00212991 blockchain because this is the piece of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00667-00212992-00213407 code that needs the massive multi way
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00668-00213408-00213777 credit mutual credibility that you get
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00669-00213778-00214008 by running code on it on a public
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00670-00214009-00214260 blockchain so this is the thing that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00671-00214261-00214452 Alice and Bob and a million other
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00672-00214453-00214673 contracting parties would have common
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00673-00214675-00214892 knowledge of a particular contract host
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00674-00214894-00215246 and what the contract house does is it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00675-00215248-00215487 accepts code from Alice and Bob and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00676-00215488-00215744 whoever else knows the contract host and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00677-00215746-00216003 the highlighted line here is where the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00678-00216004-00216300 contract host starts a contract so let's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00679-00216301-00216639 say that that Bob submits a escrow
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00680-00216640-00217086 exchange contract so now the escrow
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00681-00217087-00217290 exchange contract has been set in motion
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00682-00217291-00217592 by the contract host and what the escrow
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00683-00217594-00217992 exchange contract does is it creates two
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00684-00217992-00218235 roles for participation in the escrow
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00685-00218236-00218613 exchange and then the contract host
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00686-00218614-00218966 takes that and turns them into seats
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00687-00218967-00219390 that Alice and Bob can sit in which is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00688-00219391-00219717 their ability to continue to participate
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00689-00219717-00220221 in the contract and now that Alice and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00690-00220221-00220583 Bob can participate through these seats
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00691-00220584-00221048 they can send Alice can send in the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00692-00221050-00221217 money that she would like to use to buy
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00693-00221217-00221292 the ticket
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00694-00221292-00221514 Bob can send in the ticket that he would
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00695-00221515-00221757 like to offer to get the money in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00696-00221758-00222398 exchange and the escrow exchange agent
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00697-00222400-00222741 will just go to the issuer's and obtain
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00698-00222742-00222880 both of those
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00699-00222881-00223225 and verify that it has obtained the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00700-00223226-00223492 rights that it has obtained from Alice
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00701-00223492-00223767 the rights that Bob demands and that has
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00702-00223769-00224017 obtained from Bob the rights that Alice
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00703-00224017-00224305 demands and once that it once it has
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00704-00224306-00224701 verified that it can release the the the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00705-00224702-00225048 coin into Bob's main coin purse it can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00706-00225050-00225226 release the ticket into Alice's main
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00707-00225227-00226510 ticket purse so the estimate and escrow
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00708-00226511-00226807 exchange is fairly immediate much more
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00709-00226808-00227011 interesting example is the covered call
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00710-00227012-00227346 option which is let's say that the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00711-00227348-00227782 reason that Bob wants to sell the ticket
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00712-00227783-00228100 is he's bought a $500 ticket to a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00713-00228101-00228321 concert that he wants to go to but now
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00714-00228323-00228586 he finds that oops he has a conflict
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00715-00228587-00228814 he's going to be out of town he wants to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00716-00228815-00228994 sell it to Alice but Alice doesn't know
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00717-00228994-00229312 if she if she really wants to attend she
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00718-00229313-00229534 needs to make some other plans so she'd
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00719-00229535-00229780 like to reserve the ticket so she says
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00720-00229781-00230065 okay Bob if I give you $10 can you just
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00721-00230066-00230260 hold on to the ticket reserve it for me
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00722-00230261-00230419 for a few days so I can make some other
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00723-00230419-00231025 dependent plans so so Bob's reservation
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00724-00231026-00231219 if Bob agrees to reserve it that's a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00725-00231221-00231376 covered call option it's very much like
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00726-00231377-00231625 the cover call options the things called
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00727-00231626-00231766 covered call options which are
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00728-00231767-00231967 derivative instruments in the financial
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00729-00231967-00232096 industry just logically the same
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00730-00232096-00232571 relationship and the covered call option
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00731-00232573-00232891 why if it's more interesting than in the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00732-00232892-00233026 escrow exchange it's more complicated
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00733-00233027-00233284 why is it so much less code it's because
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00734-00233285-00233539 this piece of code actually wraps the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00735-00233540-00233752 escrow exchange code it uses the escrow
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00736-00233753-00234019 exchange and front-ends it in order to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00737-00234019-00234280 create the differences between a covered
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00738-00234281-00234565 call and an escrow exchange so so how
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00739-00234566-00234742 does a cover call differ from an escrow
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00740-00234742-00235111 exchange well first of all the ticket is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00741-00235112-00235546 pre escrow until the the contact LLL via
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00742-00235546-00235888 the cover call option has the ticket
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00743-00235889-00236176 safely squirreled away where only it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00744-00236177-00236655 transfer it there is no covered call
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00745-00236656-00236919 arrangement for Alice to participate it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00746-00236921-00237091 doesn't exist until the ticket is in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00747-00237092-00237541 escrow also with the escrow exchange
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00748-00237542-00237819 either party can at will cancel the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00749-00237821-00238192 arrangement with the contract host bob
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00750-00238192-00238464 has given up the right to cancel the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00751-00238465-00238831 cancellation is instead held by a timer
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00752-00238832-00239341 created by the contract test and other
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00753-00239342-00239560 than that it's the same and it uses the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00754-00239561-00239725 escrow exchange underneath the surface
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00755-00239726-00239938 it delegates all the hard work to the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00756-00239939-00240364 escrow exchange and the result is that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00757-00240365-00240642 now alice is in this valuable
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00758-00240644-00240901 arrangement but now that alice has this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00759-00240902-00241173 reservation let's say Alice finds that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00760-00241175-00241492 oops she does need to travel anyway or
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00761-00241492-00241930 she can't make use of it but fred is she
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00762-00241931-00242062 knows fred happens to be interested
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00763-00242063-00242425 maybe she'd like to sell the position in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00764-00242426-00243067 the reservation to fred so this is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00765-00243067-00243403 higher order composition this is every
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00766-00243404-00243862 time we create a contract that unfolds
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00767-00243863-00244194 over time we have created a derivative
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00768-00244194-00244555 value we've created a situation that is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00769-00244556-00244833 a valuable situation to be in and to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00770-00244834-00245161 bring about higher or a composition of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00771-00245162-00245383 rights and contracts we need those
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00772-00245384-00245644 derivative values to themselves be
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00773-00245644-00246887 derivative rights
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00774-00246888-00247505 so we bring that about by having this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00775-00247506-00247733 these seats that are created by the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00776-00247734-00248153 contract hosts in reaction to the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00777-00248154-00248367 contracts that they're running asking
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00778-00248367-00248708 the contract hosts to create a seat that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00779-00248709-00248927 these seats are actually represented in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00780-00248928-00249248 a seat issuer that the covered call
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00781-00249249-00249893 option the there is an issuer for the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00782-00249894-00250202 right to sit in that seat that it that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00783-00250203-00250790 that the contract host has created and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00784-00250791-00251388 now for the the covered call option this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00785-00251389-00251657 is is basically functioning as the seat
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00786-00251658-00251795 where Alice has the ability to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00787-00251796-00252056 participate but for the escrow exchange
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00788-00252057-00252395 option down here it's acting as an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00789-00252396-00252695 issuer so so so to this contract the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00790-00252696-00253048 issuers are gold coins and tickets to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00791-00253049-00253427 this contract the issuers are the seat
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00792-00253428-00253718 issuer and the silver coin issuer over
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00793-00253719-00253985 there where Bob would buy the covered
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00794-00253986-00254252 call option for Alice for these silver
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00795-00254253-00255592 coins
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00796-00255594-00256188 so this these seats has derived rights
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00797-00256189-00256617 as derived tradable rights show us
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00798-00256617-00256875 demonstrate that this taxonomy we've
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00799-00256876-00257265 opened up is a genuine taxonomy is it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00800-00257266-00257579 really does open up or reach a rich
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00801-00257580-00257763 space of kinds of rights
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00802-00257764-00258092 this seat this ability to continue play
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00803-00258094-00258492 in the first contract like money is an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00804-00258492-00258939 exclusive right the purpose of obtaining
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00805-00258940-00259229 the seat is the possibility of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00806-00259230-00259460 exercising it of making use of it of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00807-00259461-00259769 bringing about the behavior of the upper
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00808-00259771-00260001 contract that's what's that's the right
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00809-00260002-00260229 being crated and lower contract is the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00810-00260230-00260492 ability to bring about behavior in the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00811-00260494-00260637 upper contract
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00812-00260638-00261010 so therefore the that that right is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00813-00261011-00261264 exercisable the way an object is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00814-00261265-00261750 exercisable in order for Fred to buy it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00815-00261751-00262010 it needs to be a saleable and this is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00816-00262011-00262283 actually where the interesting problems
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00817-00262284-00262698 are the interesting design issues is the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00818-00262699-00263003 upper right of the upper right the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00819-00263004-00263292 derivative right is created by an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00820-00263293-00263589 arbitrary program that is the smart
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00821-00263590-00263868 contract that has been that you know has
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00822-00263869-00264053 to be designed to fit into the framework
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00823-00264054-00264300 but it's some arbitrary program that has
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00824-00264301-00264446 been designed to fit in the framework
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00825-00264447-00264825 nevertheless fred has to be able to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00826-00264826-00265256 describe what role it is that he's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00827-00265257-00265470 trying to acquire what what the nature
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00828-00265471-00265875 is of what he's trying to be able to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00829-00265876-00266469 continue play in so the these seats are
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00830-00266470-00266787 a saleable in the way that money is a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00831-00266788-00267347 saleable and then the the thing Fred
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00832-00267348-00267497 [Music]
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00833-00267498-00267779 receives is the right to continue play
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00834-00267780-00268028 in a particular contract this particular
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00835-00268029-00268299 contract that Alice and Bob started so
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00836-00268300-00268497 therefore it is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00838-00275570-00275806 thing is that the fungible tokens and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00839-00275807-00275959 the non fungible tokens are like
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00840-00275960-00276100 completely different from each other
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00841-00276101-00276331 nobody writes contrary you know over
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00842-00276332-00276733 here if I write an auction you know some
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00843-00276734-00276985 I can second price sealed bid auction or
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00844-00276986-00277153 English auction or Dutch auction or
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00845-00277154-00277390 continuous double auction all of these
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00846-00277391-00277843 things as well as these derivatives this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00847-00277844-00278041 very wide range of things can be
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00848-00278042-00278278 generically parameterize about where you
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00849-00278279-00278461 can feed them that where they can bring
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00850-00278462-00278644 about transfer of things that are
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00851-00278645-00279142 fungible or not fungible etc and the the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00852-00279143-00279517 other that's also addresses this issue
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00853-00279518-00280090 of being able to you to build and use
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00854-00280091-00280357 and compose cooperative arrangements
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00855-00280358-00280726 with confidence so that people of more
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00856-00280727-00280972 normal skill people whose expertise is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00857-00280973-00281194 elsewhere in their subject matter that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00858-00281195-00281374 they want to cooperate about rather than
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00859-00281375-00281707 having to be deep experts in smart
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00860-00281708-00281784 contracting
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00861-00281785-00282156 is the highly reusable nature of the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00862-00282157-00282544 components means that you can have the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00863-00282545-00282975 same kind of wide spectrum of effort and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00864-00282976-00283326 expertise that were used to from normal
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00865-00283327-00283608 software engineering where some
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00866-00283609-00283872 components are designed very carefully
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00867-00283873-00284223 but they're highly reusable so they can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00868-00284224-00284419 now be so that now that they're heavily
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00869-00284420-00284655 vetted and well understood they can be
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00870-00284656-00284856 applied with confidence and then these
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00871-00284857-00285088 simple wrappers the simple compositions
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00872-00285089-00285330 can then be simple and simple to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00873-00285331-00285487 understand then one of the key things
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00874-00285488-00285675 about object capabilities as opposed to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00875-00285676-00285897 other security architectures is to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00876-00285898-00286219 support compositional reasoning about
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00877-00286220-00286680 correctness even in regards to matters
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00878-00286681-00286894 when there are multiple interests and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00879-00286895-00287247 rights at stake this is something where
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00880-00287248-00287535 the the main security paradigms identity
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00881-00287536-00287772 based access control which theory amande
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00882-00287773-00288084 and the conventional smart contracting
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00883-00288085-00288276 world we see today is mostly trafficking
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00884-00288277-00288683 in we know that it does not support
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00885-00288684-00288852 compositional reasoning about
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00886-00288853-00289020 correctness with regard to section
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00887-00289021-00289465 security matters so high reuse plus
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00888-00289466-00289642 compositional reasoning about
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00889-00289643-00289983 correctness enables simple compositions
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00890-00289984-00290354 of complex but highly reusable
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00891-00290355-00291005 components to be done with confidence
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00893-00294048-00295556 because actually those well it's it's a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00894-00295557-00295773 wonderful observations certainly
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00895-00295774-00298406 appreciate it okay yes so I'm I'm going
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00896-00298407-00298630 to I'm going to take the strategy of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00897-00298631-00298872 reducing this to a previously unsolved
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00898-00298873-00299547 problem Oh in a world where there are
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00899-00299548-00299898 millions of different designed kinds of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00900-00299899-00300048 rights lots and lots of different
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00901-00300049-00300224 contracts creating lots and lots of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00902-00300225-00300515 derivative rights how do you expect
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00903-00300516-00300800 people or the program's people right to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00904-00300801-00301089 be able to navigate that and understand
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00905-00301090-00301307 what right they want to trade in and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00906-00301308-00301521 what that right means Kate am I getting
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00907-00301522-00301914 that okay good so reducing it to a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00908-00301915-00302249 previously unsolved problem conventional
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00909-00302250-00302455 software engineering is able to build up
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00910-00302456-00302868 tremendous rich world of software that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00911-00302869-00303053 has really created the modern world
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00912-00303054-00303302 without solving that problem either with
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00913-00303303-00303674 regard to objects but what we found is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00914-00303675-00303932 that we that we can go a great distance
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00915-00303933-00304215 without solving the problem there's lots
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00916-00304216-00304562 and lots of different interface types
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00917-00304563-00305183 and lots of different api's that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00918-00305184-00305405 essentially solve the same problem in
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00919-00305406-00305645 ways that are not interoperable and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00920-00305646-00306035 we've got you know github and and just
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00921-00306036-00306307 all sorts of communities and ways to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00922-00306308-00306575 interact with each other to become
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00923-00306576-00306771 informed about what to use for what
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00924-00306772-00307058 purpose what thing is what what things
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00925-00307059-00307235 seem to be better at it which are which
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00926-00307236-00307516 are pleasant api's to use it
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00927-00307517-00307894 and then we have things like package
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00928-00307895-00308293 managers etc that have various forms of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00929-00308294-00308593 description including prose and listing
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00930-00308594-00308968 of dependencies so that all of the great
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00931-00308969-00309387 variety of categorization and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00932-00309388-00309739 explanation and search and discovery
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00933-00309740-00310024 that we have with regard to the great
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00934-00310025-00310750 diversity of object api's I think that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00935-00310751-00311058 that's a strength it means that the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00936-00311059-00311430 world is tolerant of having a great
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00937-00311431-00311634 diversity that the richness of a great
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00938-00311635-00312097 diversity gives us a richness of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00939-00312098-00312472 experimentation a diversity of ways to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00940-00312473-00312766 provide functionality and it does it at
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00941-00312767-00313042 some cost at making discovery harder and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00942-00313043-00313198 then we build up these other
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00943-00313199-00313377 institutions to try to ease the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00944-00313378-00313584 discovery process without reducing the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00945-00313585-00316585 variation yeah so so object I'm sorry
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00946-00316586-00316730 [Music]
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00947-00316731-00316968 the fact that these rights are
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00948-00316969-00317371 exercisable does that give us an ability
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00949-00317372-00317566 to I'm going to rephrase but tell me if
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00950-00317567-00317746 I got it right does that give us an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00951-00317747-00317994 ability to represent within the system
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00952-00317995-00318448 our rights to manipulate things outside
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00953-00318449-00318766 the system in the physical world and the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00954-00318767-00319048 answer is yes and this very much builds
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00955-00319049-00319324 on the fact that the answer with objects
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00956-00319325-00319675 is already yes we use our computer
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00957-00319676-00320014 systems all the time to manipulate
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00958-00320015-00320344 things in the world let's just take the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00959-00320345-00320728 example of a printer in a given office
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00960-00320729-00321031 so we might take the printer driver and
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00961-00321032-00321349 abstract it off up into a set of api's
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00962-00321350-00321648 that other objects can invoke for for
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00963-00321649-00322063 commanding the printer but now you can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00964-00322064-00322546 wrap that right in an ER TP interface
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00965-00322547-00323113 and now you can manage the allocation of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00966-00323114-00323347 that right let's say within this is a
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00967-00323348-00323608 great example of use of it within an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00968-00323609-00323767 organization rather than a public
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00969-00323768-00323989 blockchain is you can easily just
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00970-00323990-00324172 transfer the right from one from one
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00971-00324173-00324355 place to the other such that in any
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00972-00324356-00324568 moment it might be an exclusive right to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00973-00324569-00324736 use the printer whether or not this
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00974-00324737-00325471 makes sense for printer a several of the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00975-00325472-00325672 founders of the goreck had earlier
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00976-00325673-00326173 founded a well I don't need to go into
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00977-00326174-00326608 that the answer is yes that that that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00978-00326609-00327145 it's very straightforward to create that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00979-00327146-00327382 that anytime you have software able to
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00980-00327383-00327538 cause action in the world you can
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00981-00327539-00327757 abstract a wrapper around that which is
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00982-00327758-00328030 an exercisable right to provoke that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00983-00328031-00330679 software to affect the world yeah
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00984-00330680-00330963 I'm a technical person I'm going to let
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00985-00330964-00331647 Dean answer that one oh oh sorry I'll
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00986-00331648-00331896 repeat the question first who would be
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00987-00331897-00332169 the top three companies let's say that
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00988-00332170-00332313 would benefit by adopting these
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00989-00332314-00333653 technologies company adopting it to make
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00990-00333654-00333983 the biggest difference right and we all
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00991-00333984-00334199 of them will get different incomparable
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00992-00334200-00334457 benefits from adopting this and we saw
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00993-00334458-00334797 him in professor Jason bought stock of
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00994-00334798-00335193 you know the ability to reduce the cost
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00995-00335194-00335469 of trust across trading resources across
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00996-00335470-00335702 trading stocks across communication
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00997-00335703-00336074 across supply chain across transport the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00998-00336075-00336485 World Trade Organization noted that if
4UsqGM6xqGQ-00999-00336486-00336758 they could deploy blockchain for
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01000-00336759-00337001 tracking chain of custody of packages
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01001-00337002-00337266 that would increase the global GDP by
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01002-00337267-00337709 five percent and trade by 50 world trade
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01003-00337710-00338422 by 15 percent so for those things where
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01004-00338423-00338900 yeah so so I'm going to pull from what
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01005-00338901-00339267 you said a something that is sort of an
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01006-00339268-00339503 answer to that question which is the
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01007-00339504-00339789 real benefit of adopting this technology
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01008-00339790-00339939 has to do with what happens between
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01009-00339940-00340148 companies much more so than what happens
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01010-00340149-00340634 within companies but both benefit
4UsqGM6xqGQ-01011-00340635-00340841 you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00000-00000266-00001254 [Music]
4UWZcx6o-B0-00001-00001255-00001470 thank you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00002-00001471-00001798 and today we're out on the boat tonight
4UWZcx6o-B0-00003-00001800-00002010 because it's Halloween
4UWZcx6o-B0-00004-00002011-00002375 and Jay bear is going to tell us spooky
4UWZcx6o-B0-00005-00002376-00002668 story so we're gonna mostly listen and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00006-00002669-00002915 I'm Gonna Keep you rolling he's live so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00007-00002916-00003142 once you're finished with my video the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00008-00003143-00003451 ones haven't seen it can go to Shea bear
4UWZcx6o-B0-00009-00003452-00005254 1000 and watch his live video
4UWZcx6o-B0-00010-00005255-00005554 yeah monkeys recording and Bruno's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00011-00005555-00006143 helping me
4UWZcx6o-B0-00012-00006144-00006460 trying
4UWZcx6o-B0-00013-00006461-00006587 come on Bruno
4UWZcx6o-B0-00014-00006588-00008446 lay down
4UWZcx6o-B0-00015-00008447-00008778 foreign
4UWZcx6o-B0-00016-00008779-00009028 I had to cut you guys off like that but
4UWZcx6o-B0-00017-00009029-00009299 I'm not playing YouTube games this is my
4UWZcx6o-B0-00018-00009300-00010049 video not theirs right monk yep
4UWZcx6o-B0-00019-00010050-00010445 that's my nav light behind me
4UWZcx6o-B0-00020-00010446-00011437 hopefully that's better
4UWZcx6o-B0-00021-00011438-00011692 the reason why I asked about my mic is
4UWZcx6o-B0-00022-00011693-00011938 I'm using this wireless mic
4UWZcx6o-B0-00023-00011939-00012373 that I got sent to me
4UWZcx6o-B0-00024-00012374-00012587 I need to find out if they got one for
4UWZcx6o-B0-00025-00012588-00012695 my camera
4UWZcx6o-B0-00026-00012696-00012971 yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00027-00012972-00013205 happy Halloween everyone I'm sorry about
4UWZcx6o-B0-00028-00013206-00013361 that it just you know I don't want to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00029-00013362-00013529 look like one of them people that don't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00030-00013530-00013721 know how to hold their phone you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00031-00013722-00013979 what I mean
4UWZcx6o-B0-00032-00013980-00014843 this ain't tick tock
4UWZcx6o-B0-00033-00014844-00015263 okay Delight well I'm trying to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00034-00015263-00016475 give my camera
4UWZcx6o-B0-00035-00016476-00016763 wide screen now thanks Brian happy
4UWZcx6o-B0-00036-00016764-00016949 Halloween to you man
4UWZcx6o-B0-00037-00016950-00017105 I thought we'd come out we're on the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00038-00017106-00017297 boat we're on the lake I thought we'd
4UWZcx6o-B0-00039-00017298-00017494 come out and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00040-00017495-00017693 it always looks like we're really low in
4UWZcx6o-B0-00041-00017694-00017819 the water at night
4UWZcx6o-B0-00042-00017820-00017993 yeah I thought we'd come out and we was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00043-00017994-00018191 going to do it was it last year or year
4UWZcx6o-B0-00044-00018192-00018419 before we ended up doing it in the boat
4UWZcx6o-B0-00045-00018420-00018575 but we was on the trailer in the front
4UWZcx6o-B0-00046-00018576-00018947 yard yeah that was last year was it yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00047-00018948-00019144 thank you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00048-00019145-00019307 because it didn't have lights on the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00049-00019308-00019972 trailer or something yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00050-00019973-00020147 yeah it says happy Halloween happy
4UWZcx6o-B0-00051-00020148-00020357 Halloween everyone I'm here you just
4UWZcx6o-B0-00052-00020358-00020597 can't see me so I I thought I'd come out
4UWZcx6o-B0-00053-00020598-00020980 and do a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00054-00020981-00021664 but I'd come out and do a just
4UWZcx6o-B0-00055-00021665-00021808 just uh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00056-00021809-00021935 something different you know for
4UWZcx6o-B0-00057-00021936-00022133 Halloween
4UWZcx6o-B0-00058-00022134-00022439 because I didn't do a story this week
4UWZcx6o-B0-00059-00022440-00022685 I hurt my back last week and it followed
4UWZcx6o-B0-00060-00022686-00022925 into this week and then
4UWZcx6o-B0-00061-00022926-00023272 it didn't help much when you know I was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00062-00023273-00023657 putting those Rafters up in the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00063-00023658-00023836 on the hut
4UWZcx6o-B0-00064-00023837-00024389 that month no
4UWZcx6o-B0-00065-00024390-00024677 so we're not far off shore
4UWZcx6o-B0-00066-00024678-00025091 we're about about a mile yeah we only
4UWZcx6o-B0-00067-00025092-00025289 came out about a mile
4UWZcx6o-B0-00068-00025290-00025463 and uh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00069-00025464-00025720 as you know it's it's no wake after dark
4UWZcx6o-B0-00070-00025722-00026093 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00071-00026094-00026279 it's had the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00072-00026280-00026507 uh the Water Guy
4UWZcx6o-B0-00073-00026508-00026807 Department of Wildlife
4UWZcx6o-B0-00074-00026808-00027124 management
4UWZcx6o-B0-00075-00027125-00027377 did an inspection on me and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00076-00027377-00027496 yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00077-00027497-00027796 I was parking I didn't film any of that
4UWZcx6o-B0-00078-00027797-00027989 because this guy was really nice and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00079-00027989-00028211 really cool he announced himself way
4UWZcx6o-B0-00080-00028212-00028474 before he got to me I said I know you're
4UWZcx6o-B0-00081-00028475-00028608 our senior truck
4UWZcx6o-B0-00082-00028610-00028799 he thought maybe he was going out
4UWZcx6o-B0-00083-00028800-00028967 fishing because he does some fishing too
4UWZcx6o-B0-00084-00028968-00029152 he wanted to know how things were going
4UWZcx6o-B0-00085-00029154-00029218 yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00086-00029219-00029387 as well we're just I said we're not
4UWZcx6o-B0-00087-00029388-00029651 fishing night I see we usually do but I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00088-00029652-00029807 told him what we were doing he said well
4UWZcx6o-B0-00089-00029808-00030245 that's cool
4UWZcx6o-B0-00090-00030245-00030418 he asked about the life jacket because
4UWZcx6o-B0-00091-00030419-00030635 we have an extra one or two up in there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00092-00030636-00030940 up in the front just in case and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00093-00030941-00031181 um I'm talking to them honey oh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00094-00031182-00031355 and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00095-00031356-00031487 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00096-00031488-00031564 um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00097-00031566-00031835 I said well that's just an extra one I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00098-00031836-00032027 said ours is under here and I lifted a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00099-00032027-00032224 thing and showed him and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00100-00032225-00032446 asked me how long the boat was and I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00101-00032447-00032873 told him so he gave me an inspection
4UWZcx6o-B0-00102-00032874-00033065 he said well so I showed him
4UWZcx6o-B0-00103-00033066-00033221 registration
4UWZcx6o-B0-00104-00033222-00033371 I said all right he said well I'll tell
4UWZcx6o-B0-00105-00033372-00033545 you what he said I'll run to my truck
4UWZcx6o-B0-00106-00033546-00033862 and get you a decal for your boat he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00107-00033863-00033989 said if you want it you don't have to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00108-00033990-00034301 have one I said no I want because I've
4UWZcx6o-B0-00109-00034302-00034451 been wanting to get a safety sticker for
4UWZcx6o-B0-00110-00034452-00034679 this thing for a long time yeah past for
4UWZcx6o-B0-00111-00034680-00035135 flying colors man yep
4UWZcx6o-B0-00112-00035136-00035333 monkey took the truck across the street
4UWZcx6o-B0-00113-00035334-00035645 to park it and I was talking to him for
4UWZcx6o-B0-00114-00035646-00036179 a minute before she got there and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00115-00036180-00036323 um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00116-00036324-00036509 like I say he asked how long it was this
4UWZcx6o-B0-00117-00036510-00036718 is this 14 foot jaw boat and he was like
4UWZcx6o-B0-00118-00036719-00037165 man that thing is Decked Out
4UWZcx6o-B0-00119-00037166-00037433 you know because it's just a jumbo it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00120-00037434-00037601 looks bigger on camera and stuff but
4UWZcx6o-B0-00121-00037602-00038411 it's just a 14-foot Jon Boat yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00122-00038412-00038651 so that's cool
4UWZcx6o-B0-00123-00038652-00038885 I'll put my sticker on tomorrow he said
4UWZcx6o-B0-00124-00038886-00039107 that way other Wildlife officers they'll
4UWZcx6o-B0-00125-00039108-00039262 see that sticker and they won't bug you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00126-00039263-00039396 like I am
4UWZcx6o-B0-00127-00039397-00039773 didn't he huh yeah yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00128-00039774-00040037 I guess you know he was he was cool
4UWZcx6o-B0-00129-00040038-00040252 though so I had my camera as soon as I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00130-00040253-00040396 seen him pull up and get out of his
4UWZcx6o-B0-00131-00040397-00040577 truck I grabbed my camera I set it right
4UWZcx6o-B0-00132-00040578-00040751 beside me
4UWZcx6o-B0-00133-00040752-00040912 I'm gonna have to turn this on but I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00134-00040913-00041512 didn't he was really cool
4UWZcx6o-B0-00135-00041513-00041693 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00136-00041694-00042029 didn't ask me for my ID he just asked he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00137-00042030-00042262 said and you are and I told him he was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00138-00042263-00042365 like good enough
4UWZcx6o-B0-00139-00042366-00042527 [Laughter]
4UWZcx6o-B0-00140-00042528-00042827 didn't didn't check my ID or nothing so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00141-00042828-00043001 yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00142-00043002-00043193 probably because I told him who I was as
4UWZcx6o-B0-00143-00043194-00043409 soon as he asked I didn't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00144-00043410-00043507 um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00145-00043508-00043723 Brad
4UWZcx6o-B0-00146-00043724-00044021 you know you didn't give him a hard time
4UWZcx6o-B0-00147-00044022-00044368 no I just told him oh lightning yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00148-00044369-00045052 yeah I saw some heat lately
4UWZcx6o-B0-00149-00045053-00045305 yeah so that's all we're doing I hope
4UWZcx6o-B0-00150-00045306-00045593 this is not rubbing my beard
4UWZcx6o-B0-00151-00045594-00045905 too no I don't think so Mike yeah I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00152-00045906-00046289 think I like it like that
4UWZcx6o-B0-00153-00046290-00046445 oh yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00154-00046446-00046595 yeah I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00155-00046596-00046745 I've been one I don't know if I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00156-00046746-00046901 mentioned one of my other videos or not
4UWZcx6o-B0-00157-00046902-00047207 I wanted to I've been wanting to go get
4UWZcx6o-B0-00158-00047208-00047590 go get my stickers
4UWZcx6o-B0-00159-00047591-00047740 they'll come out in the parking lot and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00160-00047741-00047908 inspect it for you but
4UWZcx6o-B0-00161-00047909-00048179 I know them guys are busy and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00162-00048180-00048311 they're out doing their thing so I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00163-00048312-00048430 didn't want to bother him he was like
4UWZcx6o-B0-00164-00048431-00048557 well that wouldn't have been no bother
4UWZcx6o-B0-00165-00048558-00048730 and I told him I said well I figured
4UWZcx6o-B0-00166-00048731-00048958 eventually
4UWZcx6o-B0-00167-00048959-00049235 we would run into one of you guys but
4UWZcx6o-B0-00168-00049236-00049589 the only other time we ran into one was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00169-00049590-00049799 when we was at that other Lake we was at
4UWZcx6o-B0-00170-00049800-00049949 another Lake just right down the road
4UWZcx6o-B0-00171-00049950-00050296 from us it actually connects to this one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00172-00050297-00050758 um it's in Hernando and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00173-00050759-00051083 a guy
4UWZcx6o-B0-00174-00051084-00051244 helped help help me get the boat up to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00175-00051245-00051401 the dock because it's real rough there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00176-00051402-00051826 oh yeah it was bad real rough over there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00177-00051827-00052073 and it started to rain and yeah it was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00178-00052074-00052276 raining and I had the top up which makes
4UWZcx6o-B0-00179-00052277-00052504 like a big sale he's like man let's talk
4UWZcx6o-B0-00180-00052505-00052709 you know you put that down you've been
4UWZcx6o-B0-00181-00052710-00052859 all right I said yeah but I got camera
4UWZcx6o-B0-00182-00052860-00053050 equipment there he said oh [__] yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00183-00053051-00053357 that'll do it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00184-00053358-00054299 and he offered for her to go
4UWZcx6o-B0-00185-00054300-00054587 he was great yeah he was he was and it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00186-00054588-00054875 was pouring out he was really cool yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00187-00054876-00055109 I said man you don't have to you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00188-00055110-00055319 get all that stuff he said no it's part
4UWZcx6o-B0-00189-00055320-00055516 of my job I want to give you a hand yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00190-00055517-00055703 he got soaked but he never asked us
4UWZcx6o-B0-00191-00055704-00055882 anything you know for IDs or nothing or
4UWZcx6o-B0-00192-00055883-00056057 nothing he'd just offered a helping hand
4UWZcx6o-B0-00193-00056058-00056569 and yeah soaked doing it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00194-00056570-00056735 no no
4UWZcx6o-B0-00195-00056736-00056980 that's my job
4UWZcx6o-B0-00196-00056982-00057497 I'll give you a hand
4UWZcx6o-B0-00197-00057498-00057647 yeah they're all pretty cool down around
4UWZcx6o-B0-00198-00057648-00057892 here well Citrus County even the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00199-00057894-00058061 deputies are cool except for that one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00200-00058062-00058307 that tried to steal my camera but the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00201-00058308-00058432 deputy
4UWZcx6o-B0-00202-00058433-00058666 this County are really nice
4UWZcx6o-B0-00203-00058667-00058871 yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00204-00058872-00059141 we saw a deputy one time in a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00205-00059141-00059387 at the gas station pumping gas for an
4UWZcx6o-B0-00206-00059388-00059579 elderly old lady
4UWZcx6o-B0-00207-00059579-00060299 remember that yeah yep sure did
4UWZcx6o-B0-00208-00060300-00060544 I squared off with one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00209-00060545-00060742 out in the parking lot
4UWZcx6o-B0-00210-00060744-00061126 Burger Station remember that mm-hmm
4UWZcx6o-B0-00211-00061127-00061361 he was acting yeah that was funny you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00212-00061362-00061588 act like Cowboys he was like draw and he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00213-00061589-00061835 just did what did you draw he said the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00214-00061836-00062242 first I know I'm fast it was really cool
4UWZcx6o-B0-00215-00062244-00062459 just out of the blue yeah it was a spur
4UWZcx6o-B0-00216-00062460-00062711 of the moment thing I was like what you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00217-00062712-00062915 don't know we could do that we couldn't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00218-00062916-00063347 have planned that better you know no no
4UWZcx6o-B0-00219-00063348-00063521 I'll give it a minute here and then I'll
4UWZcx6o-B0-00220-00063522-00063821 get on with my Goose story
4UWZcx6o-B0-00221-00063822-00063988 tonight's story
4UWZcx6o-B0-00222-00063989-00064361 is going to be called the cabin that
4UWZcx6o-B0-00223-00064362-00064816 cried blood
4UWZcx6o-B0-00224-00064817-00064915 it's Halloween
4UWZcx6o-B0-00225-00064916-00065404 [Laughter]
4UWZcx6o-B0-00226-00065405-00065644 man we are in some man we're being
4UWZcx6o-B0-00227-00065645-00066082 pushed there's low water where are we
4UWZcx6o-B0-00228-00066083-00066529 look behind you we're in the weeds oh no
4UWZcx6o-B0-00229-00066530-00067249 oh I didn't even know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00230-00067250-00067606 yeah we're being pushed
4UWZcx6o-B0-00231-00067607-00067829 huh yeah that'll be fun to get out of
4UWZcx6o-B0-00232-00067830-00068032 here
4UWZcx6o-B0-00233-00068033-00068537 yeah we're really into it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00234-00068538-00068771 what is it 41.
4UWZcx6o-B0-00235-00068772-00068915 41
4UWZcx6o-B0-00236-00068916-00069623 44 44
4UWZcx6o-B0-00237-00069624-00070055 . hey we got two watching fair enough
4UWZcx6o-B0-00238-00070056-00070223 oh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00239-00070224-00070450 I guess I should have threw the anchor
4UWZcx6o-B0-00240-00070451-00070667 out but I don't feel like it that's on
4UWZcx6o-B0-00241-00070668-00071525 that thing
4UWZcx6o-B0-00242-00071526-00071891 yeah this we're in the lily pads now
4UWZcx6o-B0-00243-00071892-00072031 yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00244-00072032-00072317 oh wow
4UWZcx6o-B0-00245-00072318-00072587 this is getting spookier yeah a little
4UWZcx6o-B0-00246-00072588-00072832 scary Gators are probably underneath oh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00247-00072833-00073882 let's not talk about that foreign
4UWZcx6o-B0-00248-00073883-00074159 oh my we're really close babe you might
4UWZcx6o-B0-00249-00074160-00074291 have to move
4UWZcx6o-B0-00250-00074292-00074669 no we're not moving
4UWZcx6o-B0-00251-00074670-00075082 it'll stop
4UWZcx6o-B0-00252-00075083-00075569 Okay so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00253-00075570-00075706 I'm gonna tell my story you still
4UWZcx6o-B0-00254-00075707-00075905 filming yeah how's your battery life
4UWZcx6o-B0-00255-00075906-00076000 doing
4UWZcx6o-B0-00256-00076001-00076247 fine
4UWZcx6o-B0-00257-00076248-00076462 all right
4UWZcx6o-B0-00258-00076463-00076756 all right so like I said Guys these
4UWZcx6o-B0-00259-00076757-00076943 stories that I've told you the first two
4UWZcx6o-B0-00260-00076944-00077159 and then this one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00261-00077160-00077285 um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00262-00077286-00077603 totally fabricated none of this happened
4UWZcx6o-B0-00263-00077604-00077788 as far as I know because I'm making it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00264-00077789-00077969 up
4UWZcx6o-B0-00265-00077970-00078119 um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00266-00078120-00078412 so you know don't say oh he's full of
4UWZcx6o-B0-00267-00078413-00078635 crap that didn't happen
4UWZcx6o-B0-00268-00078636-00078791 and then I'll know whether they watch
4UWZcx6o-B0-00269-00078792-00079165 the whole video or read the description
4UWZcx6o-B0-00270-00079166-00079535 but uh yeah so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00271-00079536-00079835 Bruno so now why is he so winning I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00272-00079836-00080032 don't know he's upset he's not upset
4UWZcx6o-B0-00273-00080033-00080225 he's smiling
4UWZcx6o-B0-00274-00080226-00080525 I have no idea we'll just let go of it I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00275-00080526-00080747 did all right he'll be all right
4UWZcx6o-B0-00276-00080748-00081029 so anyway yeah they're just stories I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00277-00081030-00081191 made up just for Halloween time they're
4UWZcx6o-B0-00278-00081192-00081538 not they're not true stories but
4UWZcx6o-B0-00279-00081539-00081844 so anyway
4UWZcx6o-B0-00280-00081845-00082247 I don't know if it'd be better
4UWZcx6o-B0-00281-00082248-00082494 there we go
4UWZcx6o-B0-00282-00082495-00082750 all right
4UWZcx6o-B0-00283-00082751-00082985 hopefully it's not too windy I've never
4UWZcx6o-B0-00284-00082986-00083393 had this mic out in the wind so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00285-00083394-00083873 anyway
4UWZcx6o-B0-00286-00083874-00084029 all right
4UWZcx6o-B0-00287-00084030-00084226 didn't bring my bug spray but the wind
4UWZcx6o-B0-00288-00084227-00084412 did pick up which is a good thing in a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00289-00084413-00084575 way because it should help keep the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00290-00084576-00084731 mosquitoes away
4UWZcx6o-B0-00291-00084732-00084917 but it might be bad but it's coming from
4UWZcx6o-B0-00292-00084918-00085132 my back so hopefully it's not too bad
4UWZcx6o-B0-00293-00085133-00085487 for you guys
4UWZcx6o-B0-00294-00085488-00085685 all right
4UWZcx6o-B0-00295-00085686-00086476 so on with the story
4UWZcx6o-B0-00296-00086477-00086699 Mike sounds good real strong awesome
4UWZcx6o-B0-00297-00086700-00086944 thanks Brian I'm glad
4UWZcx6o-B0-00298-00086945-00087209 uh I'm surprised I got service out here
4UWZcx6o-B0-00299-00087210-00087569 I actually have 4K out here yeah which
4UWZcx6o-B0-00300-00087570-00087911 is unusual for me because if
4UWZcx6o-B0-00301-00087912-00088187 we're we're about two and a half miles
4UWZcx6o-B0-00302-00088188-00088438 of crow flies to the near cell phone
4UWZcx6o-B0-00303-00088439-00088588 tower
4UWZcx6o-B0-00304-00088589-00088876 a house we're only a mile from South
4UWZcx6o-B0-00305-00088877-00089237 cell phone towers the crow flies and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00306-00089238-00089453 if I start walking down the street
4UWZcx6o-B0-00307-00089454-00089687 I start losing service so I'm surprised
4UWZcx6o-B0-00308-00089688-00089855 I got it out here so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00309-00089856-00090221 all right guys
4UWZcx6o-B0-00310-00090222-00090562 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00311-00090563-00090929 the cabin that cried blood
4UWZcx6o-B0-00312-00090930-00091205 there was this couple
4UWZcx6o-B0-00313-00091206-00091349 and they wanted to do something special
4UWZcx6o-B0-00314-00091350-00091606 for their anniversary
4UWZcx6o-B0-00315-00091607-00091871 names were Brian and Marla
4UWZcx6o-B0-00316-00091872-00092044 and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00317-00092045-00092237 just kidding I'm like I said I'm making
4UWZcx6o-B0-00318-00092238-00092453 the story up I don't know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00319-00092454-00092644 um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00320-00092645-00092825 I guess her name's doesn't really matter
4UWZcx6o-B0-00321-00092826-00093088 because they're not real people
4UWZcx6o-B0-00322-00093089-00093305 but anyway so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00323-00093306-00093556 they found some cabins for rent and they
4UWZcx6o-B0-00324-00093557-00093809 wanted to spend weekend in a cabin one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00325-00093810-00093988 far from their house you know they were
4UWZcx6o-B0-00326-00093989-00094187 you know it was a couple hour drive so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00327-00094188-00094312 it wasn't far
4UWZcx6o-B0-00328-00094313-00094432 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00329-00094433-00094594 they call and they reserved our cabin
4UWZcx6o-B0-00330-00094595-00095021 this place had a lot of cabins
4UWZcx6o-B0-00331-00095022-00095350 and they were dispersed out over many
4UWZcx6o-B0-00332-00095351-00095638 many acres over a couple Mile Road out
4UWZcx6o-B0-00333-00095639-00095806 in the middle you know up in these Hills
4UWZcx6o-B0-00334-00095807-00096191 in these woods and so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00335-00096192-00096515 um they uh so they got their cabin
4UWZcx6o-B0-00336-00096516-00096725 and like I said they had like 18 cabins
4UWZcx6o-B0-00337-00096726-00096826 for it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00338-00096827-00097205 and um so they rented cabin three
4UWZcx6o-B0-00339-00097206-00097565 so they're going up this this road and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00340-00097566-00097744 it's starting to get dark already on
4UWZcx6o-B0-00341-00097745-00097943 them but they get to their cabin they
4UWZcx6o-B0-00342-00097944-00098137 get to cabin three and it's beautiful
4UWZcx6o-B0-00343-00098138-00098567 nice nice big cabin you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00344-00098568-00098915 room bathroom but it was a it was a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00345-00098916-00099059 cabin but it was one of those really
4UWZcx6o-B0-00346-00099060-00099311 nice ones like a chandelier that Lit Up
4UWZcx6o-B0-00347-00099312-00099503 real pretty in the living room you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00348-00099504-00099785 made out of animal antlers you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00349-00099786-00100073 almost said antelopes but antlers
4UWZcx6o-B0-00350-00100074-00100343 and uh so it was real real pretty when
4UWZcx6o-B0-00351-00100344-00100481 they turned it on
4UWZcx6o-B0-00352-00100482-00100793 and had nice lighting around the front
4UWZcx6o-B0-00353-00100794-00101038 porch and the back porch was lit up nice
4UWZcx6o-B0-00354-00101039-00101194 you know if they wanted to sit out there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00355-00101195-00101524 fire pit the whole nine yards you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00356-00101525-00101759 had a jacuzzi and they just couldn't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00357-00101760-00101974 wait to start enjoying it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00358-00101975-00102226 so they get in they get their bags
4UWZcx6o-B0-00359-00102227-00102430 unpacked you know and and everything
4UWZcx6o-B0-00360-00102431-00102832 seems to be going fine and and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00361-00102833-00103030 you know just they started hearing some
4UWZcx6o-B0-00362-00103031-00103192 strange things that they weren't used to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00363-00103193-00103354 they started hearing some thumps and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00364-00103355-00103673 bangs and you know maybe some voices
4UWZcx6o-B0-00365-00103674-00103847 here and there and they they thought
4UWZcx6o-B0-00366-00103848-00104080 well you know we're we're from the city
4UWZcx6o-B0-00367-00104081-00104278 you know we don't know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00368-00104279-00104453 we don't go out in the woods much so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00369-00104454-00104747 maybe it's an animal outside or what so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00370-00104748-00104939 you know so they break out a deck of
4UWZcx6o-B0-00371-00104940-00105089 cards and they're playing cards and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00372-00105090-00105340 drinking some wine you know no big deal
4UWZcx6o-B0-00373-00105341-00105736 having fun I got some music playing and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00374-00105738-00105886 um and then all once they heard this
4UWZcx6o-B0-00375-00105888-00106049 Bang
4UWZcx6o-B0-00376-00106050-00106289 like a big thump on the side of the wall
4UWZcx6o-B0-00377-00106290-00106451 but they couldn't tell which wall they
4UWZcx6o-B0-00378-00106452-00106583 just heard this big thump and it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00379-00106583-00106715 startled them
4UWZcx6o-B0-00380-00106716-00106895 they put the cards down shut the music
4UWZcx6o-B0-00381-00106896-00107171 off and they just started listening
4UWZcx6o-B0-00382-00107172-00107333 and it was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00383-00107333-00107716 it was hearing this stuff
4UWZcx6o-B0-00384-00107717-00108101 chupacabra
4UWZcx6o-B0-00385-00108102-00108478 so he's a chupacabra so happy Halloween
4UWZcx6o-B0-00386-00108479-00109102 so uh anyway so they heard this bang and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00387-00109103-00109277 you know they're kind of scared like I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00388-00109278-00109445 said their their city folks this guy he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00389-00109446-00109649 he don't have a weapon he you know he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00390-00109650-00109847 don't carry a gun he's he's from the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00391-00109848-00110021 city he's kind of tough you know I mean
4UWZcx6o-B0-00392-00110022-00110273 he grew up tough and you know like man I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00393-00110274-00110443 don't carry a weapon I don't care again
4UWZcx6o-B0-00394-00110444-00110773 but they did have some knives you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00395-00110774-00111149 and uh you know in the kitchen so they
4UWZcx6o-B0-00396-00111150-00111304 each grabbed a knife and they're just
4UWZcx6o-B0-00397-00111305-00111460 sitting there and all at once
4UWZcx6o-B0-00398-00111461-00111797 bam it sounded like a door slammed
4UWZcx6o-B0-00399-00111798-00112247 upstairs in one of the bedrooms upstairs
4UWZcx6o-B0-00400-00112248-00112504 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00401-00112505-00112697 he tells his wife he says look stay here
4UWZcx6o-B0-00402-00112698-00112978 I'm gonna go upstairs and check this out
4UWZcx6o-B0-00403-00112979-00113140 he goes upstairs
4UWZcx6o-B0-00404-00113141-00113333 and um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00405-00113333-00113884 goes to check it out
4UWZcx6o-B0-00406-00113885-00114173 Rockwell said happy Halloween to both of
4UWZcx6o-B0-00407-00114174-00114545 us ah happy Halloween so you know he's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00408-00114546-00114754 up there he's checking that both doors
4UWZcx6o-B0-00409-00114755-00114857 were open
4UWZcx6o-B0-00410-00114858-00115193 okay so you know nothing got slammed the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00411-00115194-00115373 windows were shut because you know they
4UWZcx6o-B0-00412-00115374-00115493 had to air on
4UWZcx6o-B0-00413-00115494-00115852 and um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00414-00115853-00116099 right around the lake yep
4UWZcx6o-B0-00415-00116100-00116381 I'm not happy well I didn't want to get
4UWZcx6o-B0-00416-00116382-00116495 too late
4UWZcx6o-B0-00417-00116496-00116681 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00418-00116682-00117040 you know so it wasn't like a draft it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00419-00117041-00117221 had blown one of the doors closed or
4UWZcx6o-B0-00420-00117222-00117419 anything like that so he's checking
4UWZcx6o-B0-00421-00117420-00117652 around he sees nothing and then he hears
4UWZcx6o-B0-00422-00117653-00117899 his wife hollering for him
4UWZcx6o-B0-00423-00117900-00118199 and get down here right now he comes
4UWZcx6o-B0-00424-00118200-00118343 running down the stairs and he's like
4UWZcx6o-B0-00425-00118344-00118493 what's wrong what's did you see
4UWZcx6o-B0-00426-00118494-00118636 something somebody here she's like no
4UWZcx6o-B0-00427-00118638-00118852 look over there and she points over on
4UWZcx6o-B0-00428-00118853-00119104 the wall and there's this this liquid
4UWZcx6o-B0-00429-00119105-00119333 oozing down the wall
4UWZcx6o-B0-00430-00119333-00119819 he was like hmm that's peculiar so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00431-00119820-00119993 of course being a guy he's got to go see
4UWZcx6o-B0-00432-00119994-00120143 what this stuff is right he goes and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00433-00120144-00120281 looks at it he's looking at it real
4UWZcx6o-B0-00434-00120282-00120401 close
4UWZcx6o-B0-00435-00120402-00120586 what is that
4UWZcx6o-B0-00436-00120588-00120875 could that be I don't know it's like a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00437-00120876-00121031 brownish color
4UWZcx6o-B0-00438-00121032-00121234 and then she said oh my God it's over
4UWZcx6o-B0-00439-00121235-00121397 here too and over on the other wall
4UWZcx6o-B0-00440-00121398-00121601 there were several streams of this
4UWZcx6o-B0-00441-00121602-00121847 liquid coming down but it was getting
4UWZcx6o-B0-00442-00121848-00122128 lighter this time more bright it turns
4UWZcx6o-B0-00443-00122129-00122315 out it was red
4UWZcx6o-B0-00444-00122316-00122489 you know he touches him
4UWZcx6o-B0-00445-00122490-00122710 looks at his fingers and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00446-00122711-00123034 he's like well this ain't paint
4UWZcx6o-B0-00447-00123035-00123269 but he he surmises this has got to be
4UWZcx6o-B0-00448-00123270-00123521 blood
4UWZcx6o-B0-00449-00123522-00123784 so all of a sudden
4UWZcx6o-B0-00450-00123785-00124307 fire keeps going out it's too windy huh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00451-00124308-00124673 so all of a sudden
4UWZcx6o-B0-00452-00124674-00124954 the bangs started getting louder and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00453-00124955-00125278 harder and and more I'm just Bam Bam Bam
4UWZcx6o-B0-00454-00125279-00125513 Bam Bam and it was like sound like just
4UWZcx6o-B0-00455-00125514-00125740 somebody slamming a door and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00456-00125741-00125975 you know just like the house the cabin
4UWZcx6o-B0-00457-00125976-00126239 was like vibrating right
4UWZcx6o-B0-00458-00126240-00126449 they said how about this we're getting
4UWZcx6o-B0-00459-00126450-00126593 out here we're calling the owner we're
4UWZcx6o-B0-00460-00126594-00126790 getting our money back they left their
4UWZcx6o-B0-00461-00126791-00126952 stuff they said you know we got our
4UWZcx6o-B0-00462-00126953-00127115 stuff the next day tomorrow or something
4UWZcx6o-B0-00463-00127116-00127319 we're out of here right now so they ran
4UWZcx6o-B0-00464-00127320-00127540 out got in their car
4UWZcx6o-B0-00465-00127541-00127877 and they called they called the owner
4UWZcx6o-B0-00466-00127878-00128123 and the owner you know said well look I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00467-00128124-00128260 I don't know what's going on there I've
4UWZcx6o-B0-00468-00128261-00128452 never had a problem he says we've got 18
4UWZcx6o-B0-00469-00128453-00128566 cabins
4UWZcx6o-B0-00470-00128567-00128710 I've never had a problem like this
4UWZcx6o-B0-00471-00128711-00128825 before
4UWZcx6o-B0-00472-00128826-00129040 I'm on my way he says what cabin did you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00473-00129041-00129257 rent again and she said well we rented
4UWZcx6o-B0-00474-00129258-00129514 cabin three
4UWZcx6o-B0-00475-00129515-00129760 he said okay so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00476-00129761-00129983 he shows up out you know 25 minutes
4UWZcx6o-B0-00477-00129983-00130252 later he shows up
4UWZcx6o-B0-00478-00130253-00130457 and they're sitting there and they get
4UWZcx6o-B0-00479-00130458-00130654 out of the car and owner gets out of his
4UWZcx6o-B0-00480-00130655-00130883 truck and he comes up he says so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00481-00130883-00131128 you guys doing here
4UWZcx6o-B0-00482-00131129-00131261 and they said what do you mean what are
4UWZcx6o-B0-00483-00131262-00131411 we doing here we were in a cabin three
4UWZcx6o-B0-00484-00131412-00131693 of us cabin three he says no
4UWZcx6o-B0-00485-00131694-00131951 it's Kevin 13. he said look and when
4UWZcx6o-B0-00486-00131952-00132113 they turned around and looked at this
4UWZcx6o-B0-00487-00132114-00132352 cabin it was all of a sudden just all
4UWZcx6o-B0-00488-00132353-00132527 dilapidated like he'd been sitting there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00489-00132528-00132847 20 years with windows busted and and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00490-00132848-00133181 doors hanging off the hinges and sure
4UWZcx6o-B0-00491-00133182-00133397 enough there was a number three
4UWZcx6o-B0-00492-00133398-00133835 on on the cabin only it was cabin 13 but
4UWZcx6o-B0-00493-00133836-00134063 the one had fallen off over the years he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00494-00134064-00134273 said no he says um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00495-00134274-00134464 says I I got to tell you we haven't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00496-00134465-00134663 rented this cabinet in like 20 years
4UWZcx6o-B0-00497-00134664-00134789 because
4UWZcx6o-B0-00498-00134790-00135089 he said we we did have there was a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00499-00135090-00135311 murder you know somebody somebody got
4UWZcx6o-B0-00500-00135312-00135521 tore up and inside that cabin and he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00501-00135522-00135707 said we just closed it off and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00502-00135708-00135928 it's never been used since and they're
4UWZcx6o-B0-00503-00135929-00136097 they're dumbfounded they look at each
4UWZcx6o-B0-00504-00136098-00136259 other and they're like what what is
4UWZcx6o-B0-00505-00136260-00136571 going on here what we were just in there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00506-00136572-00136816 this this cabin was beautiful he said it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00507-00136817-00137057 was a beautiful cabin when we used to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00508-00137058-00137363 rent it up until the tragedy happened
4UWZcx6o-B0-00509-00137364-00137573 and she said no no no no no
4UWZcx6o-B0-00510-00137574-00137861 we were in this cabin he says it's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00511-00137862-00137993 impossible
4UWZcx6o-B0-00512-00137994-00138245 he said no sir she's telling you the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00513-00138246-00138419 truth we were in this cabin our things
4UWZcx6o-B0-00514-00138420-00138551 are in there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00515-00138552-00138677 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00516-00138678-00139073 they go in and and uh just the man she
4UWZcx6o-B0-00517-00139074-00139331 stayed outside and the men go in to get
4UWZcx6o-B0-00518-00139332-00139721 his things
4UWZcx6o-B0-00519-00139722-00139931 happy Halloween Dennis
4UWZcx6o-B0-00520-00139932-00140104 and so he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00521-00140105-00140243 you know and they're they're getting
4UWZcx6o-B0-00522-00140244-00140387 their stuff and this guy couldn't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00523-00140388-00140585 believe it everything was just covered
4UWZcx6o-B0-00524-00140586-00140801 in an inch and dust and it was just you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00525-00140802-00140957 know all tore up inside that beautiful
4UWZcx6o-B0-00526-00140958-00141190 chandelier was barely hanging on and it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00527-00141191-00141490 was all broken up
4UWZcx6o-B0-00528-00141491-00141725 the only thing that wasn't dirty was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00529-00141726-00141935 their things their things had no dust so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00530-00141936-00142049 they grabbed their things and then went
4UWZcx6o-B0-00531-00142050-00142157 out
4UWZcx6o-B0-00532-00142158-00142397 and he's putting their things in the car
4UWZcx6o-B0-00533-00142398-00142702 and she's like sir I don't I don't know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00534-00142703-00142864 what's going on here but we have not
4UWZcx6o-B0-00535-00142865-00143123 moved out of this spot since we called
4UWZcx6o-B0-00536-00143124-00143428 you we were in there we were settled in
4UWZcx6o-B0-00537-00143429-00143639 we were playing cards because the cards
4UWZcx6o-B0-00538-00143640-00143783 were still on the table the wine was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00539-00143784-00144047 still there and he said that that may be
4UWZcx6o-B0-00540-00144048-00144311 so ma'am but you know this cabin I'm
4UWZcx6o-B0-00541-00144312-00144509 telling you was not it was beautiful at
4UWZcx6o-B0-00542-00144510-00144664 one time but you can see what it looks
4UWZcx6o-B0-00543-00144665-00144904 like now she said it was beautiful it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00544-00144905-00145073 was Immaculate everything worked and she
4UWZcx6o-B0-00545-00145074-00145354 said when I turned on the chandelier
4UWZcx6o-B0-00546-00145355-00145595 I was just in awe it was so beautiful he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00547-00145596-00145757 said ma'am I'm going to tell you one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00548-00145758-00145883 more time
4UWZcx6o-B0-00549-00145884-00146123 it's impossible that chandelier cannot
4UWZcx6o-B0-00550-00146124-00146297 work and she said
4UWZcx6o-B0-00551-00146298-00146537 I'm telling you sir I turned that
4UWZcx6o-B0-00552-00146538-00146764 Chandelier on and it was beautiful
4UWZcx6o-B0-00553-00146765-00146975 and he said ma'am take a look at this
4UWZcx6o-B0-00554-00146976-00147328 and he shined his light his flashlight
4UWZcx6o-B0-00555-00147329-00147611 up at the power pole and there were no
4UWZcx6o-B0-00556-00147612-00148151 wires running to that cabin anymore
4UWZcx6o-B0-00557-00148152-00148475 and that's the story of the cabin that
4UWZcx6o-B0-00558-00148476-00148654 cried blood
4UWZcx6o-B0-00559-00148655-00149885 foreign
4UWZcx6o-B0-00560-00149886-00150154 yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00561-00150155-00150335 but yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00562-00150336-00150623 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00563-00150624-00150995 it's not a department
4UWZcx6o-B0-00564-00150996-00151163 yeah so anyway guys just want to come
4UWZcx6o-B0-00565-00151164-00151583 out here with you guys real quick and uh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00566-00151584-00151859 thank you Dennis Dennis I get the story
4UWZcx6o-B0-00567-00151860-00152266 laughs
4UWZcx6o-B0-00568-00152267-00152495 but yeah he said uh Happy Halloween from
4UWZcx6o-B0-00569-00152496-00152814 their house to ours happy Halloween
4UWZcx6o-B0-00570-00152815-00153047 at the house we're we're on the boat
4UWZcx6o-B0-00571-00153048-00153178 we're on the lake
4UWZcx6o-B0-00572-00153179-00153389 so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00573-00153390-00153485 um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00574-00153486-00153683 yeah I got inspected sitting there at
4UWZcx6o-B0-00575-00153684-00153904 the dock waiting on her to go park the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00576-00153905-00154157 truck and trailer yeah so but I got my
4UWZcx6o-B0-00577-00154158-00154721 inspection sticker everything's good
4UWZcx6o-B0-00578-00154722-00154937 it's actually legal now I can legally
4UWZcx6o-B0-00579-00154938-00155140 take somebody out fishing and charge him
4UWZcx6o-B0-00580-00155141-00155314 money for it if I want
4UWZcx6o-B0-00581-00155315-00155785 yeah yep cool yep
4UWZcx6o-B0-00582-00155786-00156214 oh Thorns it's scary but yeah that uh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00583-00156215-00156454 like I said I just made it up as I went
4UWZcx6o-B0-00584-00156455-00156575 along
4UWZcx6o-B0-00585-00156576-00156790 um usually when I have stories like this
4UWZcx6o-B0-00586-00156791-00157025 you know they're somewhat true or third
4UWZcx6o-B0-00587-00157026-00157204 party true you know what I mean true to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00588-00157205-00157487 my but to best of my ability but uh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00589-00157488-00157775 these ones you know totally made up like
4UWZcx6o-B0-00590-00157776-00157997 that last one I I totally made it up the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00591-00157998-00158243 muddy Footprints one yeah it was totally
4UWZcx6o-B0-00592-00158244-00158543 made up and the first one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00593-00158544-00158740 the ghost
4UWZcx6o-B0-00594-00158741-00159052 yeah the ghost guy he ended up being a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00595-00159053-00159473 ghost that was made up too so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00596-00159474-00159707 anyway hope you all are having a safe
4UWZcx6o-B0-00597-00159708-00160031 and happy Halloween
4UWZcx6o-B0-00598-00160032-00160211 I'm gonna have a fun time getting out of
4UWZcx6o-B0-00599-00160212-00160409 here yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00600-00160410-00160757 I'll show you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00601-00160758-00161339 a monkey I'm trying to light over here
4UWZcx6o-B0-00602-00161340-00161549 these are all lily pads we drifted into
4UWZcx6o-B0-00603-00161550-00161987 we came from over there yeah and we
4UWZcx6o-B0-00604-00161988-00162269 drifted yeah well we drifted through
4UWZcx6o-B0-00605-00162270-00162445 right through here
4UWZcx6o-B0-00606-00162446-00162725 and over here
4UWZcx6o-B0-00607-00162726-00163301 it's a little scary
4UWZcx6o-B0-00608-00163302-00163535 lily pads are right it's that grassy
4UWZcx6o-B0-00609-00163536-00163685 stuff that gets caught up in the crop
4UWZcx6o-B0-00610-00163686-00163997 the lily pads we don't you know it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00611-00163998-00164161 doesn't catch up
4UWZcx6o-B0-00612-00164162-00164375 and now
4UWZcx6o-B0-00613-00164376-00164711 all right guys anyway anything
4UWZcx6o-B0-00614-00164712-00165089 you say no for me this happy Halloween
4UWZcx6o-B0-00615-00165090-00165401 everyone hope you're having fun enjoying
4UWZcx6o-B0-00616-00165402-00165557 your night
4UWZcx6o-B0-00617-00165558-00165802 yeah monkey was filming she wanted to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00618-00165803-00166013 film The Story So check her Channel out
4UWZcx6o-B0-00619-00166014-00166223 the story will be on there but from a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00620-00166224-00166439 different angle there you go yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00621-00166440-00166601 because she's never done a scary story
4UWZcx6o-B0-00622-00166602-00166871 no because she's more like crafts and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00623-00166872-00167093 Adventures and stuff so yeah but she
4UWZcx6o-B0-00624-00167094-00167213 wanted to do something different it's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00625-00167214-00167411 Halloween I said you gonna film it she
4UWZcx6o-B0-00626-00167412-00168337 said I think so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00627-00168338-00168595 Rockwell
4UWZcx6o-B0-00628-00168596-00168989 19701 is that gave him Goosebumps
4UWZcx6o-B0-00629-00168990-00169247 but yeah Bruno wanted to come so oh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00630-00169248-00169421 Mark's Adventures said happy Halloween
4UWZcx6o-B0-00631-00169422-00169739 happy Halloween Mark hey Mark and and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00632-00169740-00170051 have Hawthorne Dennis Brian
4UWZcx6o-B0-00633-00170052-00170231 I appreciate y'all
4UWZcx6o-B0-00634-00170232-00170369 and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00635-00170370-00170554 like I said I hope you all are staying
4UWZcx6o-B0-00636-00170555-00170825 safe
4UWZcx6o-B0-00637-00170826-00171239 and I will have a I will be having a uh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00638-00171240-00171485 what is it November 25th
4UWZcx6o-B0-00639-00171486-00171857 One More Story
4UWZcx6o-B0-00640-00171858-00172145 One More Story all right I guess I can
4UWZcx6o-B0-00641-00172146-00172349 do one more story don't it might have
4UWZcx6o-B0-00642-00172350-00172516 dinner
4UWZcx6o-B0-00643-00172517-00172709 scene
4UWZcx6o-B0-00644-00172710-00172954 all right all right I'll make up a quick
4UWZcx6o-B0-00645-00172955-00173154 one here on the spot
4UWZcx6o-B0-00646-00173155-00173447 okay so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00647-00173448-00173740 all right
4UWZcx6o-B0-00648-00173741-00173957 see that's the light from
4UWZcx6o-B0-00649-00173958-00174233 my nav light
4UWZcx6o-B0-00650-00174234-00174364 all right I'll give you one more quick
4UWZcx6o-B0-00651-00174365-00174526 one then we'll we'll go because I got to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00652-00174527-00174778 get out of here there's the moon there I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00653-00174779-00174928 know it doesn't show up on here but it's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00654-00174929-00175175 a crescent moon yeah yeah that's pretty
4UWZcx6o-B0-00655-00175176-00175469 cool okay all right one more story let's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00656-00175470-00175804 see
4UWZcx6o-B0-00657-00175805-00176219 oh first though yeah November 25th I'll
4UWZcx6o-B0-00658-00176220-00176290 be
4UWZcx6o-B0-00659-00176291-00176585 doing a camp out a solo camp out for my
4UWZcx6o-B0-00660-00176586-00176897 Thanksgiving one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00661-00176898-00177083 I won't be doing that live because I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00662-00177084-00177238 can't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00663-00177239-00177407 I can't go live where I'm going to be at
4UWZcx6o-B0-00664-00177408-00177502 because I'm going to be out in the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00665-00177503-00177616 forest
4UWZcx6o-B0-00666-00177617-00177983 and then sometime into November or I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00667-00177984-00178223 mean in December about Midway through
4UWZcx6o-B0-00668-00178224-00178564 December I'll uh I'll do my my annual
4UWZcx6o-B0-00669-00178565-00178745 solo
4UWZcx6o-B0-00670-00178746-00178823 um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00671-00178824-00179014 it's on this Lake
4UWZcx6o-B0-00672-00179015-00179176 but it's going to be on a little island
4UWZcx6o-B0-00673-00179177-00179471 so that should be fun yeah all right one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00674-00179472-00179957 more quick story so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00675-00179958-00180299 there was this guy
4UWZcx6o-B0-00676-00180300-00180533 bought him a new tent he wants to do a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00677-00180534-00180857 YouTube review on it so it's another
4UWZcx6o-B0-00678-00180858-00181109 YouTube or anything never went camping
4UWZcx6o-B0-00679-00181110-00181331 before but he wants to go all out so he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00680-00181332-00181528 buys a new tent he's like yeah you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00681-00181529-00181714 I'm gonna certain if I like it I'll
4UWZcx6o-B0-00682-00181715-00181919 start camping and make camping videos
4UWZcx6o-B0-00683-00181920-00182111 said I'll start with the the review of
4UWZcx6o-B0-00684-00182112-00182302 this this tent and this camping
4UWZcx6o-B0-00685-00182303-00182488 equipment I got so he gets out to his
4UWZcx6o-B0-00686-00182489-00182740 campsite he's he's out Wyoming somewhere
4UWZcx6o-B0-00687-00182741-00182914 way out in the middle of you know he's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00688-00182915-00183166 out
4UWZcx6o-B0-00689-00183167-00183287 he's out you know he's never been
4UWZcx6o-B0-00690-00183288-00183419 spooked before but he's never been
4UWZcx6o-B0-00691-00183420-00183581 camping but you know he's been by
4UWZcx6o-B0-00692-00183582-00183802 himself and stuff
4UWZcx6o-B0-00693-00183803-00184151 so he goes out he sets up he's tent he's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00694-00184152-00184516 doing he's filming and everything and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00695-00184517-00184852 and he's talking to the camera and you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00696-00184853-00185087 know telling the people
4UWZcx6o-B0-00697-00185088-00185452 jet it just landed over at the uh we're
4UWZcx6o-B0-00698-00185453-00185754 not far from the airport no we're about
4UWZcx6o-B0-00699-00185755-00186137 a mile and a half at the first lives no
4UWZcx6o-B0-00700-00186138-00186533 two two to two and a half miles but
4UWZcx6o-B0-00701-00186534-00186802 so anyway
4UWZcx6o-B0-00702-00186803-00187031 um where was I so he you know he's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00703-00187032-00187216 talking about the prices of where he got
4UWZcx6o-B0-00704-00187217-00187378 everything
4UWZcx6o-B0-00705-00187379-00188026 here or something
4UWZcx6o-B0-00706-00188027-00188195 probably just an animal because it's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00707-00188196-00188326 starting to get late you know he's got
4UWZcx6o-B0-00708-00188327-00188621 his lights on and it's probably you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00709-00188622-00188909 10 10 30 right
4UWZcx6o-B0-00710-00188910-00189143 so he keeps on talking he's like well
4UWZcx6o-B0-00711-00189144-00189340 you know I got this Ozark Trail 10 I got
4UWZcx6o-B0-00712-00189341-00189604 it cheap got it you know Wally World and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00713-00189605-00189814 blah blah blah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00714-00189815-00190211 this time much closer and much louder
4UWZcx6o-B0-00715-00190212-00190493 but he's looking around again he's not
4UWZcx6o-B0-00716-00190494-00190751 armed he didn't bring anything
4UWZcx6o-B0-00717-00190752-00190949 he's like oh hi what is that he's who's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00718-00190950-00191081 there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00719-00191082-00191297 who's there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00720-00191298-00191447 didn't hear anything for a minute and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00721-00191448-00191663 once he heard another step and he said I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00722-00191664-00191914 said who's there he lied he says I am
4UWZcx6o-B0-00723-00191915-00192125 armed
4UWZcx6o-B0-00724-00192126-00192323 soon as he said that he heard a voice
4UWZcx6o-B0-00725-00192324-00192640 and seemed like a shadow figure
4UWZcx6o-B0-00726-00192641-00192904 shadow figure says I didn't mean to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00727-00192905-00193025 scare you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00728-00193026-00193283 he said I I camped here years ago and I
4UWZcx6o-B0-00729-00193284-00193540 think I left some of my stuff
4UWZcx6o-B0-00730-00193541-00193721 and you know this man's a little upset
4UWZcx6o-B0-00731-00193722-00193925 right now because he got scared you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00732-00193926-00194171 a guy walking up on somebody he says
4UWZcx6o-B0-00733-00194172-00194266 well
4UWZcx6o-B0-00734-00194267-00194464 he says I I don't care you know that was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00735-00194465-00194621 years ago it's probably gone I didn't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00736-00194622-00194795 take any of your stuff this is all my
4UWZcx6o-B0-00737-00194796-00194909 stuff
4UWZcx6o-B0-00738-00194910-00195178 and before we realized it the shadow was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00739-00195179-00195340 gone
4UWZcx6o-B0-00740-00195341-00195551 he didn't hear anything else that's nice
4UWZcx6o-B0-00741-00195552-00195719 the next day he can't he's trying to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00742-00195720-00195881 figure out what was that noise what was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00743-00195882-00196001 it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00744-00196002-00196276 he's like wait a minute I have it on
4UWZcx6o-B0-00745-00196277-00196457 camera
4UWZcx6o-B0-00746-00196458-00196763 sure enough he checks his camera and all
4UWZcx6o-B0-00747-00196764-00197009 his you know all his footage is on is on
4UWZcx6o-B0-00748-00197010-00197225 his camera and he starts going through
4UWZcx6o-B0-00749-00197226-00197363 the footage
4UWZcx6o-B0-00750-00197364-00197573 and everything's working except for the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00751-00197574-00197843 part where the where the man the figure
4UWZcx6o-B0-00752-00197844-00198035 showed up and was talking to him that
4UWZcx6o-B0-00753-00198036-00198299 was a corrupted file would not work he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00754-00198300-00198502 went home couldn't get it to work on any
4UWZcx6o-B0-00755-00198503-00198785 of his computers his laptops or anything
4UWZcx6o-B0-00756-00198786-00198983 corrupted foul
4UWZcx6o-B0-00757-00198984-00199145 through that whole weekend that was the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00758-00199146-00199373 only file that was corrupted
4UWZcx6o-B0-00759-00199374-00199619 so he it just bothered him for a couple
4UWZcx6o-B0-00760-00199620-00199757 weeks you know he
4UWZcx6o-B0-00761-00199758-00199997 kind of lingered on it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00762-00199998-00200207 so he started Googling
4UWZcx6o-B0-00763-00200208-00200549 about the area where he camped in turns
4UWZcx6o-B0-00764-00200550-00200843 out that area was not open for camping
4UWZcx6o-B0-00765-00200844-00201083 anymore apparently the sign had rotted
4UWZcx6o-B0-00766-00201084-00201197 and fell down
4UWZcx6o-B0-00767-00201198-00201352 it wasn't open
4UWZcx6o-B0-00768-00201353-00201616 because someone was brutally murdered
4UWZcx6o-B0-00769-00201617-00201916 there when they were camping
4UWZcx6o-B0-00770-00201917-00202276 when the authorities found him all his
4UWZcx6o-B0-00771-00202277-00202499 stuff was there and he was mutilated
4UWZcx6o-B0-00772-00202500-00202690 so the only thing he could figure was
4UWZcx6o-B0-00773-00202691-00202931 that was that man's Spirit coming back
4UWZcx6o-B0-00774-00202932-00203207 to get the camping equipment that he had
4UWZcx6o-B0-00775-00203208-00203454 left behind
4UWZcx6o-B0-00776-00203455-00203723 so there you go another quick story so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00777-00203724-00203897 you got two for you got two for one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00778-00203898-00204083 tonight there you go that makes up for
4UWZcx6o-B0-00779-00204084-00204233 the one you didn't do
4UWZcx6o-B0-00780-00204234-00204478 yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00781-00204479-00204773 hopefully excuse me hopefully you guys
4UWZcx6o-B0-00782-00204774-00204953 enjoyed story time
4UWZcx6o-B0-00783-00204954-00205181 and uh if you want more stories like
4UWZcx6o-B0-00784-00205182-00205408 this I can throw you know I can do one
4UWZcx6o-B0-00785-00205409-00205631 once a month or something yeah and do a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00786-00205632-00205846 scary story I'll put it in a playlist it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00787-00205848-00206051 would just be scary story time yeah
4UWZcx6o-B0-00788-00206052-00206260 because usually I always have a story
4UWZcx6o-B0-00789-00206261-00206458 time when we're camping I always tell a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00790-00206459-00206621 story but it's not always scary but if
4UWZcx6o-B0-00791-00206621-00206831 you guys like the spooky stuff I don't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00792-00206832-00207005 know how scary these were but if you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00793-00207006-00207196 like these spooky stores I could you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00794-00207198-00207394 know do one a month or whatever we'll go
4UWZcx6o-B0-00795-00207396-00207634 out and we'll hike back maybe to that
4UWZcx6o-B0-00796-00207635-00208036 cabin one night yeah yeah and we'll uh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00797-00208037-00208410 so let me know and uh
4UWZcx6o-B0-00798-00208411-00208648 and if you're watching this after the
4UWZcx6o-B0-00799-00208650-00208907 fact leave it down in the comments
4UWZcx6o-B0-00800-00208908-00209069 if that's what you want me to do and
4UWZcx6o-B0-00801-00209069-00209329 I'll I'll be glad to oblige on that so
4UWZcx6o-B0-00802-00209330-00209596 anyway guys thanks again for watching
4UWZcx6o-B0-00803-00209598-00209813 appreciate it
4UWZcx6o-B0-00804-00209814-00209944 um you guys are great you know there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00805-00209946-00210137 would be no Shea bear 1000 without you
4UWZcx6o-B0-00806-00210138-00210310 guys you know
4UWZcx6o-B0-00807-00210311-00210371 um
4UWZcx6o-B0-00808-00210371-00210737 so it helps a lot and uh monkey same way
4UWZcx6o-B0-00809-00210738-00210953 check her Channel out she's grown a
4UWZcx6o-B0-00810-00210954-00211246 little bit now huh yeah so uh she's
4UWZcx6o-B0-00811-00211248-00211403 getting I'm getting her hooked up with
4UWZcx6o-B0-00812-00211404-00211553 better equipment
4UWZcx6o-B0-00813-00211554-00211732 so we're going to head back to the truck
4UWZcx6o-B0-00814-00211733-00211942 well back to the ramp she's got to go
4UWZcx6o-B0-00815-00211944-00212110 get the truck and then we're going to
4UWZcx6o-B0-00816-00212111-00212382 try to get this thing loaded
4UWZcx6o-B0-00817-00212383-00212615 and we'll see you on the next one she
4UWZcx6o-B0-00818-00212616-00212777 better met the man Legend I'm gone for
4UWZcx6o-B0-00819-00212778-00212998 now stay scared everyone
4UWZcx6o-B0-00820-00213000-00213160 we'll see in the next one happy
4UWZcx6o-B0-00821-00213161-00213910 Halloween bye bye
4UWZcx6o-B0-00822-00213911-00214265 okay guys hope you enjoyed that I don't
4UWZcx6o-B0-00823-00214266-00214421 know if you can see me without there
4UWZcx6o-B0-00824-00214421-00214703 maybe that'll help a little bit anyways
4UWZcx6o-B0-00825-00214704-00214931 I'm gonna sign off for now
4UWZcx6o-B0-00826-00214932-00215123 and we're gonna try to get all these
4UWZcx6o-B0-00827-00215123-00215471 lily pads and go our way home
4UWZcx6o-B0-00828-00215471-00215729 so have a good evening and hope you all
4UWZcx6o-B0-00829-00215730-00215987 had a great time uh for Halloween
4UWZcx6o-B0-00830-00215988-00217138 bye y'all
4UWZcx6o-B0-00831-00217139-00218082 [Music]
4bBjj7V4aK8-00000-00000050-00000371 hey you know what I want you all to sing
4bBjj7V4aK8-00001-00000372-00000943 with me will you say hello let's do this
4bBjj7V4aK8-00002-00000944-00001616 one two three
4bBjj7V4aK8-00003-00001617-00002569 [Applause]
4bJ76z_XRsu-00000-00000035-00000377 today's topic is testicular pain
4bJ76z_XRsu-00001-00000378-00000628 testicular pain can be painful and scary
4bJ76z_XRsu-00002-00000629-00000911 but it's also usually not a sign of
4bJ76z_XRsu-00003-00000911-00001037 anything serious
4bJ76z_XRsu-00004-00001038-00001253 still it's important to know what your
4bJ76z_XRsu-00005-00001254-00001433 options are when it comes to treatment
4bJ76z_XRsu-00006-00001434-00001618 and when you should seek medical
4bJ76z_XRsu-00007-00001619-00001859 attention for testicular pain
4bJ76z_XRsu-00008-00001860-00002152 trauma its importance to understand the
4bJ76z_XRsu-00009-00002153-00002392 testicle is a sensitive structure
4bJ76z_XRsu-00010-00002393-00002602 testicle injuries are common in young
4bJ76z_XRsu-00011-00002603-00002837 males and can occur during sports or
4bJ76z_XRsu-00012-00002838-00003083 other physical activities if you suffer
4bJ76z_XRsu-00013-00003084-00003322 this type of injury your testicle may be
4bJ76z_XRsu-00014-00003323-00003599 painful swollen and prone to developing
4bJ76z_XRsu-00015-00003600-00003709 an infection
4bJ76z_XRsu-00016-00003710-00004031 testicular torsion testicular torsion
4bJ76z_XRsu-00017-00004032-00004247 occurs when the testicle rotates within
4bJ76z_XRsu-00018-00004248-00004433 the scrotum and becomes Twisted on
4bJ76z_XRsu-00019-00004434-00004703 itself the blood supply to that side of
4bJ76z_XRsu-00020-00004704-00004961 the testicle is cut off and it can cause
4bJ76z_XRsu-00021-00004962-00005267 severe pain testicular torsion causes
4bJ76z_XRsu-00022-00005268-00005513 about half of all testicular emergencies
4bJ76z_XRsu-00023-00005514-00005836 in young men younger than 18 years old
4bJ76z_XRsu-00024-00005837-00006083 testicular torsion is usually diagnosed
4bJ76z_XRsu-00025-00006084-00006311 by feeling for a pulse in your injured
4bJ76z_XRsu-00026-00006312-00006509 testicle it should feel like there's no
4bJ76z_XRsu-00027-00006509-00006706 pulse at all if there's been some damage
4bJ76z_XRsu-00028-00006708-00006928 done already and by checking its size
4bJ76z_XRsu-00029-00006929-00007205 usually it gets bigger than normal but
4bJ76z_XRsu-00030-00007206-00007414 most of the times it affects just one
4bJ76z_XRsu-00031-00007415-00007619 testicle and can be treated with surgery
4bJ76z_XRsu-00032-00007620-00007841 to restore the testicle to its correct
4bJ76z_XRsu-00033-00007842-00008195 Place hydrocele a hydrocele is an
4bJ76z_XRsu-00034-00008196-00008387 accumulation of fluid in the scrotum
4bJ76z_XRsu-00035-00008388-00008663 although it's a common condition it can
4bJ76z_XRsu-00036-00008664-00008867 be uncomfortable and sometimes painful
4bJ76z_XRsu-00037-00008868-00009142 the exact cause of hydrocele isn't
4bJ76z_XRsu-00038-00009143-00009371 always clear but it can be resolved with
4bJ76z_XRsu-00039-00009372-00009556 surgery to drain the fluid from your
4bJ76z_XRsu-00040-00009557-00009814 scrotum if you have a swollen scrotum
4bJ76z_XRsu-00041-00009815-00010024 that only hurts when you touch it or
4bJ76z_XRsu-00042-00010025-00010217 move around too much you may have
4bJ76z_XRsu-00043-00010218-00010481 hydrocele the swelling will feel like a
4bJ76z_XRsu-00044-00010482-00010721 balloon inside your testicle and they
4bJ76z_XRsu-00045-00010722-00010901 are usually painless unless they get
4bJ76z_XRsu-00046-00010902-00011153 infected or enlarged enough to press on
4bJ76z_XRsu-00047-00011154-00011387 nerves or blood vessels in which case
4bJ76z_XRsu-00048-00011388-00011677 they become very painful indeed
4bJ76z_XRsu-00049-00011678-00011999 varicocele a varicocele is a swelling of
4bJ76z_XRsu-00050-00012000-00012185 the veins in your scrotum which can
4bJ76z_XRsu-00051-00012186-00012341 cause discomfort and pain in your
4bJ76z_XRsu-00052-00012342-00012605 testicles and groin the swelling is most
4bJ76z_XRsu-00053-00012606-00012863 common on one side of each testicle but
4bJ76z_XRsu-00054-00012863-00013157 it can happen on both sides at once too
4bJ76z_XRsu-00055-00013158-00013408 sometimes people with a varicoseal don't
4bJ76z_XRsu-00056-00013409-00013703 notice any symptoms but if it hurts then
4bJ76z_XRsu-00057-00013704-00013903 the patient should see a doctor
4bJ76z_XRsu-00058-00013904-00014249 epididymitis testicular pain can also be
4bJ76z_XRsu-00059-00014250-00014525 caused by epididymitis and inflammation
4bJ76z_XRsu-00060-00014526-00014819 of the epididymis this is a tube that
4bJ76z_XRsu-00061-00014819-00015041 transports sperm from the testicle to
4bJ76z_XRsu-00062-00015041-00015269 storage in the prostate gland symptoms
4bJ76z_XRsu-00063-00015269-00015503 include pain in your scrotum or testicle
4bJ76z_XRsu-00064-00015504-00015761 and swelling and redness of the scrotum
4bJ76z_XRsu-00065-00015762-00016144 it is usually caused by STIs infections
4bJ76z_XRsu-00066-00016145-00016294 and Trauma
4bJ76z_XRsu-00067-00016295-00016594 infection of the prostate gland another
4bJ76z_XRsu-00068-00016595-00016805 cause of redness or pain in the testicle
4bJ76z_XRsu-00069-00016806-00017069 or scrotum could be infection of the
4bJ76z_XRsu-00070-00017070-00017189 prostate gland
4bJ76z_XRsu-00071-00017190-00017471 testicular infections are usually caused
4bJ76z_XRsu-00072-00017472-00017717 by bacteria that enter the body after
4bJ76z_XRsu-00073-00017718-00017872 sexual contact
4bJ76z_XRsu-00074-00017873-00018113 the common cause for this are chlamydia
4bJ76z_XRsu-00075-00018114-00018419 and gonorrhea prostate infections can
4bJ76z_XRsu-00076-00018420-00018677 also cause pain in the lower back groin
4bJ76z_XRsu-00077-00018678-00018958 and testicle area this type of infection
4bJ76z_XRsu-00078-00018959-00019253 is more common among men over 50 who are
4bJ76z_XRsu-00079-00019254-00019553 obese or have diabetes and or high blood
4bJ76z_XRsu-00080-00019554-00019822 pressure prostate infections can also be
4bJ76z_XRsu-00081-00019823-00020063 treated with antibiotics prescribed by
4bJ76z_XRsu-00082-00020064-00020225 your doctor if they're caught early
4bJ76z_XRsu-00083-00020226-00020447 enough before they spread to other parts
4bJ76z_XRsu-00084-00020448-00020783 of your body hernia hernia is another
4bJ76z_XRsu-00085-00020784-00021094 cause of testicular pain a hernia is a
4bJ76z_XRsu-00086-00021095-00021311 bulge in the wall of your abdomen that
4bJ76z_XRsu-00087-00021312-00021557 occurs when an organ or tissue pushes
4bJ76z_XRsu-00088-00021558-00021730 through an opening in the muscles and
4bJ76z_XRsu-00089-00021731-00021989 skin of your body hernias can occur
4bJ76z_XRsu-00090-00021990-00022193 anywhere in your abdomen but they're
4bJ76z_XRsu-00091-00022194-00022408 most common in the groin area and around
4bJ76z_XRsu-00092-00022409-00022553 your belly button
4bJ76z_XRsu-00093-00022554-00022786 hernias are caused by an injury or
4bJ76z_XRsu-00094-00022787-00022961 straining to some part of your abdominal
4bJ76z_XRsu-00095-00022962-00023236 muscles like lifting something heavy or
4bJ76z_XRsu-00096-00023237-00023519 straining during exercise most hernias
4bJ76z_XRsu-00097-00023520-00023758 don't need to be treated right away as
4bJ76z_XRsu-00098-00023759-00024022 they'll heal on their own over time but
4bJ76z_XRsu-00099-00024023-00024233 if yours gets worse it could cause
4bJ76z_XRsu-00100-00024234-00024497 complications like pain and infection
4bJ76z_XRsu-00101-00024498-00024743 that require medical attention
4bJ76z_XRsu-00102-00024744-00025091 testicular cancer testicular cancer is a
4bJ76z_XRsu-00103-00025092-00025289 type of cancer that starts in the cells
4bJ76z_XRsu-00104-00025290-00025517 of the testicles symptoms include
4bJ76z_XRsu-00105-00025518-00025793 swelling or a lump or heart area in one
4bJ76z_XRsu-00106-00025794-00026002 or both testicles and other symptoms
4bJ76z_XRsu-00107-00026004-00026296 like tiredness weight loss pain in the
4bJ76z_XRsu-00108-00026297-00026555 abdomen and groin if you have any of
4bJ76z_XRsu-00109-00026556-00026735 these symptoms it's important to see
4bJ76z_XRsu-00110-00026736-00026957 your doctor as soon as possible so they
4bJ76z_XRsu-00111-00026958-00027167 can check for testicular cancer before
4bJ76z_XRsu-00112-00027168-00027364 it becomes more serious
4bJ76z_XRsu-00113-00027366-00027677 when to see a doctor for testicular pain
4bJ76z_XRsu-00114-00027677-00027952 if your testicular pain is severe or if
4bJ76z_XRsu-00115-00027954-00028114 it's not getting better with home care
4bJ76z_XRsu-00116-00028116-00028361 and over-the-counter medications you
4bJ76z_XRsu-00117-00028362-00028589 should see a doctor you should also make
4bJ76z_XRsu-00118-00028589-00028787 an appointment if your testicle is
4bJ76z_XRsu-00119-00028788-00029051 swollen or hot to the touch if you have
4bJ76z_XRsu-00120-00029052-00029320 other symptoms like fever nausea and
4bJ76z_XRsu-00121-00029322-00029579 vomiting pain in your abdomen or back
4bJ76z_XRsu-00122-00029580-00029861 skin lesions on the scrotum or groin
4bJ76z_XRsu-00123-00029862-00030167 area you have a lump or swelling on one
4bJ76z_XRsu-00124-00030168-00030412 side of your scrotum the good news is
4bJ76z_XRsu-00125-00030413-00030658 that most of these conditions are easily
4bJ76z_XRsu-00126-00030660-00030983 treatable with antibiotics or surgery
4bJ76z_XRsu-00127-00030983-00031205 thank you for watching our video please
4bJ76z_XRsu-00128-00031206-00031390 do not forget to like and share the
4bJ76z_XRsu-00129-00031391-00031607 video also please subscribe to the
4bJ76z_XRsu-00130-00031608-00031787 channel to stay updated on our latest
4bJ76z_XRsu-00131-00031788-00032024 videos
4bPFPl58i2Y-00000-00000000-00000202 guys welcome back to another video today
4bPFPl58i2Y-00001-00000204-00000430 we're doing pork
4bPFPl58i2Y-00002-00000431-00000773 slime oh shoot my 3D World so last
4bPFPl58i2Y-00003-00000774-00001031 episode like three weeks ago
4bPFPl58i2Y-00004-00001032-00001307 I I last video I said A week but no I
4bPFPl58i2Y-00005-00001308-00001541 just times that by three
4bPFPl58i2Y-00006-00001542-00001675 um
4bPFPl58i2Y-00007-00001676-00001984 because I was working on
4bPFPl58i2Y-00008-00001985-00002579 projects
4bPFPl58i2Y-00009-00002580-00002789 I was yeah I was working out projects
4bPFPl58i2Y-00010-00002790-00003406 we're gone right now Sam
4bPFPl58i2Y-00011-00003407-00003790 so I just finished too
4bPFPl58i2Y-00012-00003792-00004109 if I already uploaded them to my channel
4bPFPl58i2Y-00013-00004110-00004372 for something
4bPFPl58i2Y-00014-00004373-00004625 just for someone
4bPFPl58i2Y-00015-00004626-00005033 and
4bPFPl58i2Y-00016-00005034-00005254 then I
4bPFPl58i2Y-00017-00005255-00005783 look at another project
4bPFPl58i2Y-00018-00005784-00006083 so
4bPFPl58i2Y-00019-00006084-00006238 yeah
4bPFPl58i2Y-00020-00006239-00006683 let's get started
4bPFPl58i2Y-00021-00006684-00006928 because
4bPFPl58i2Y-00022-00006929-00007210 so after we beat Bowser and you complete
4bPFPl58i2Y-00023-00007211-00007420 the story of the game
4bPFPl58i2Y-00024-00007422-00007667 now let's complete the full game because
4bPFPl58i2Y-00025-00007668-00008074 I said we were going to do
4bPFPl58i2Y-00026-00008075-00008459 a full game not just a story mode
4bPFPl58i2Y-00027-00008460-00008831 people were probably thinking
4bPFPl58i2Y-00028-00008832-00009089 this is the wrong
4bPFPl58i2Y-00029-00009090-00009419 save file
4bPFPl58i2Y-00030-00009420-00009817 whoops
4bPFPl58i2Y-00031-00009818-00010003 I thought
4bPFPl58i2Y-00032-00010004-00010613 okay uh this one
4bPFPl58i2Y-00033-00010614-00010924 I got I got big that was a different
4bPFPl58i2Y-00034-00010925-00011128 state file
4bPFPl58i2Y-00035-00011129-00011321 I
4bPFPl58i2Y-00036-00011322-00011855 was like the latest oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00037-00011856-00012238 okay we did check out what happened so
4bPFPl58i2Y-00038-00012239-00012623 we're gonna find out what these
4bPFPl58i2Y-00039-00012624-00012773 I don't know
4bPFPl58i2Y-00040-00012774-00012971 what are you doing
4bPFPl58i2Y-00041-00012972-00013229 prixes
4bPFPl58i2Y-00042-00013230-00013499 Sprites no
4bPFPl58i2Y-00043-00013500-00013655 what the
4bPFPl58i2Y-00044-00013656-00013985 oh it's a rocket ship
4bPFPl58i2Y-00045-00013986-00014249 that is nice
4bPFPl58i2Y-00046-00014250-00014488 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00047-00014490-00015143 now let's go up to walk strip soap
4bPFPl58i2Y-00048-00015144-00015322 last episode
4bPFPl58i2Y-00049-00015323-00015677 we did
4bPFPl58i2Y-00050-00015678-00016044 we saw uh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00051-00016045-00016333 Rosalina's spaceship from Mario Galaxy
4bPFPl58i2Y-00052-00016334-00016744 your world has opened
4bPFPl58i2Y-00053-00016745-00017141 unlocking her and I should probably get
4bPFPl58i2Y-00054-00017142-00018130 a cat suit
4bPFPl58i2Y-00055-00018131-00018929 all right we're back I am
4bPFPl58i2Y-00056-00018930-00019235 um I like completely like three three
4bPFPl58i2Y-00057-00019236-00019907 levels
4bPFPl58i2Y-00058-00019908-00020350 cold
4bPFPl58i2Y-00059-00020351-00020514 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00060-00020515-00021185 I guess
4bPFPl58i2Y-00061-00021186-00021497 expect for this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00062-00021498-00021863 so I could be like a few levels
4bPFPl58i2Y-00063-00021864-00022157 I never completed the full game full
4bPFPl58i2Y-00064-00022158-00022997 game
4bPFPl58i2Y-00065-00022998-00023219 I saved it let's go
4bPFPl58i2Y-00066-00023220-00024214 so that's the one's gonna drop there
4bPFPl58i2Y-00067-00024215-00024514 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00068-00024515-00025541 I want to pay attention to Luigi
4bPFPl58i2Y-00069-00025542-00026602 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00070-00026604-00026687 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00071-00026850-00027208 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00072-00027210-00027424 um
4bPFPl58i2Y-00073-00027425-00027695 oh I didn't notice that
4bPFPl58i2Y-00074-00027695-00029101 wait what
4bPFPl58i2Y-00075-00029102-00029602 no what why did I do that
4bPFPl58i2Y-00076-00029604-00030385 okay first one
4bPFPl58i2Y-00077-00030386-00031458 oh okay let's do this again
4bPFPl58i2Y-00078-00031460-00032046 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00079-00032047-00032302 really don't say anything am I gonna say
4bPFPl58i2Y-00080-00032303-00032489 anything
4bPFPl58i2Y-00081-00032489-00034343 uh time lapse
4bPFPl58i2Y-00082-00034344-00035315 foreign
4bPFPl58i2Y-00083-00035316-00036467 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00084-00036468-00036781 okay let's actually do one at a time
4bPFPl58i2Y-00085-00036782-00037829 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00086-00037830-00037990 70 minutes
4bPFPl58i2Y-00087-00037991-00038446 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00088-00038447-00038849 my God
4bPFPl58i2Y-00089-00038850-00038999 hold on
4bPFPl58i2Y-00090-00039000-00039517 Let's test something out first
4bPFPl58i2Y-00091-00039518-00039955 what if
4bPFPl58i2Y-00092-00039956-00040246 oh thank God I
4bPFPl58i2Y-00093-00040247-00041015 I can that makes me so mad
4bPFPl58i2Y-00094-00041016-00041221 what
4bPFPl58i2Y-00095-00041222-00041567 yes of course
4bPFPl58i2Y-00096-00041568-00042124 okay then
4bPFPl58i2Y-00097-00042125-00042359 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00098-00042360-00043511 okay at least you know now that resets
4bPFPl58i2Y-00099-00043512-00044371 start with this first
4bPFPl58i2Y-00100-00044372-00044843 I didn't even move being stressed out
4bPFPl58i2Y-00101-00044844-00045005 this game actually I should probably
4bPFPl58i2Y-00102-00045006-00045227 introduce this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00103-00045228-00045442 and then
4bPFPl58i2Y-00104-00045443-00045652 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00105-00045653-00045923 fail
4bPFPl58i2Y-00106-00045924-00046151 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00107-00046152-00047224 it's all fall off
4bPFPl58i2Y-00108-00047225-00047446 and
4bPFPl58i2Y-00109-00047447-00047890 no I can't batteries what but this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00110-00047891-00048439 and then
4bPFPl58i2Y-00111-00048440-00048749 okay let's get to start before we jump
4bPFPl58i2Y-00112-00048750-00048965 off the edge and have to do this whole
4bPFPl58i2Y-00113-00048966-00049133 thing again
4bPFPl58i2Y-00114-00049134-00049439 that took 21 minutes to do
4bPFPl58i2Y-00115-00049440-00049612 it's actually probably like 16 minutes
4bPFPl58i2Y-00116-00049613-00049955 because I they like doing the intro and
4bPFPl58i2Y-00117-00049956-00050279 getting these cats getting this these
4bPFPl58i2Y-00118-00050280-00050740 catsuits
4bPFPl58i2Y-00119-00050741-00050902 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00120-00050903-00051354 takes me to there
4bPFPl58i2Y-00121-00051355-00051707 let me make sure so I don't have to go
4bPFPl58i2Y-00122-00051708-00051814 back
4bPFPl58i2Y-00123-00051815-00052351 I can't even claim this so whatever
4bPFPl58i2Y-00124-00052352-00052549 wait wait
4bPFPl58i2Y-00125-00052550-00053009 oh I swear I hopefully I don't die
4bPFPl58i2Y-00126-00053010-00053992 oh I have to start over
4bPFPl58i2Y-00127-00053994-00054557 um
4bPFPl58i2Y-00128-00054558-00055300 okay I'm doing a bicep connections
4bPFPl58i2Y-00129-00055301-00055709 okay we need fire flower to do this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00130-00055710-00055894 I knew we need that fireflower for
4bPFPl58i2Y-00131-00055895-00056003 something
4bPFPl58i2Y-00132-00056004-00056321 so this is the last one or that could be
4bPFPl58i2Y-00133-00056322-00056488 the stamp
4bPFPl58i2Y-00134-00056489-00056779 I mean that's
4bPFPl58i2Y-00135-00056779-00057082 I'm stupid I'm stupid
4bPFPl58i2Y-00136-00057083-00057276 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00137-00057277-00057611 okay okay okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00138-00057612-00058132 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00139-00058133-00058415 that was a huge that was a clutch that
4bPFPl58i2Y-00140-00058416-00058685 was huge clutch
4bPFPl58i2Y-00141-00058686-00059399 oh okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00142-00059400-00059782 we need to stamp
4bPFPl58i2Y-00143-00059783-00060076 but these could mean this these could
4bPFPl58i2Y-00144-00060077-00060353 stand for something
4bPFPl58i2Y-00145-00060354-00061507 foreign
4bPFPl58i2Y-00146-00061508-00061865 okay so we need to go back for
4bPFPl58i2Y-00147-00061866-00062285 with the fires fire suit fire flower
4bPFPl58i2Y-00148-00062286-00062561 power up
4bPFPl58i2Y-00149-00062562-00062692 the flower
4bPFPl58i2Y-00150-00062694-00063307 you know what I mean
4bPFPl58i2Y-00151-00063308-00063863 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00152-00063864-00064103 oh Jesus Christ
4bPFPl58i2Y-00153-00064104-00064529 oh Jesus Christ
4bPFPl58i2Y-00154-00064529-00064673 is that it
4bPFPl58i2Y-00155-00064674-00065021 is all we have to do oh is that it
4bPFPl58i2Y-00156-00065022-00065338 or do we have to take a rocket ship why
4bPFPl58i2Y-00157-00065339-00065650 is he going so fast Captain makes a spin
4bPFPl58i2Y-00158-00065651-00065819 takes a spin
4bPFPl58i2Y-00159-00065820-00065993 time for adventure I could skip this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00160-00065994-00066296 over with
4bPFPl58i2Y-00161-00066297-00066617 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00162-00066618-00066923 oh yeah I forgot to tell you um
4bPFPl58i2Y-00163-00066924-00067247 in the middle what okay I'll tell you
4bPFPl58i2Y-00164-00067248-00067438 after I need I need
4bPFPl58i2Y-00165-00067439-00067805 pay attention
4bPFPl58i2Y-00166-00067806-00068200 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00167-00068201-00068332 um
4bPFPl58i2Y-00168-00068333-00068543 this is something
4bPFPl58i2Y-00169-00068544-00068663 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00170-00068664-00068886 it's nice
4bPFPl58i2Y-00171-00068887-00069431 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00172-00069432-00069647 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00173-00069648-00069935 I'm short over because I don't know what
4bPFPl58i2Y-00174-00069936-00070091 happened
4bPFPl58i2Y-00175-00070092-00070241 I think I pushed the accidentally
4bPFPl58i2Y-00176-00070242-00070619 pressed the button
4bPFPl58i2Y-00177-00070620-00070919 change back I can't grab this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00178-00070920-00071129 can't do anything yeah I'm forced to
4bPFPl58i2Y-00179-00071130-00071263 change
4bPFPl58i2Y-00180-00071264-00071405 [Applause]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00181-00071406-00071831 shut up
4bPFPl58i2Y-00182-00071832-00072311 I saw fall on this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00183-00072312-00072875 actually we should probably fall in that
4bPFPl58i2Y-00184-00072876-00072994 um
4bPFPl58i2Y-00185-00072995-00073253 stores
4bPFPl58i2Y-00186-00073254-00073600 that we can get no
4bPFPl58i2Y-00187-00073601-00073913 actually
4bPFPl58i2Y-00188-00073914-00074105 you need to drop down and get that
4bPFPl58i2Y-00189-00074106-00074435 started
4bPFPl58i2Y-00190-00074436-00074621 thank you
4bPFPl58i2Y-00191-00074622-00074753 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00192-00074754-00075094 try to figure out everything
4bPFPl58i2Y-00193-00075095-00075599 so I don't we do this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00194-00075600-00077135 oh you're a pain
4bPFPl58i2Y-00195-00077136-00077488 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00196-00077489-00077717 nothing we're gonna do here just drop
4bPFPl58i2Y-00197-00077718-00078106 down from here
4bPFPl58i2Y-00198-00078107-00079325 fall from here
4bPFPl58i2Y-00199-00079326-00079637 shut up
4bPFPl58i2Y-00200-00079638-00079744 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00201-00079745-00080059 um
4bPFPl58i2Y-00202-00080060-00080562 okay I had
4bPFPl58i2Y-00203-00080563-00081803 oh you're being Mass aren't you
4bPFPl58i2Y-00204-00081804-00082487 going here
4bPFPl58i2Y-00205-00082488-00083135 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00206-00083136-00083681 can you stop thank you
4bPFPl58i2Y-00207-00083682-00084941 foreign
4bPFPl58i2Y-00208-00084942-00086459 so
4bPFPl58i2Y-00209-00086460-00086987 here we are
4bPFPl58i2Y-00210-00086988-00087533 I hate my life and you want buckets
4bPFPl58i2Y-00211-00087534-00087719 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00212-00087720-00088138 who's that
4bPFPl58i2Y-00213-00088139-00088655 time for adventure
4bPFPl58i2Y-00214-00088656-00088967 three minute mark
4bPFPl58i2Y-00215-00088968-00089531 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00216-00089532-00090515 I don't know
4bPFPl58i2Y-00217-00090516-00091099 hold on
4bPFPl58i2Y-00218-00091100-00091523 how do I
4bPFPl58i2Y-00219-00091524-00091967 Oh wait we're still in the level
4bPFPl58i2Y-00220-00091968-00092375 it can't be that much
4bPFPl58i2Y-00221-00092376-00092968 whoa
4bPFPl58i2Y-00222-00092969-00093353 okay so we need one two three four five
4bPFPl58i2Y-00223-00093354-00093600 six seven eight
4bPFPl58i2Y-00224-00093601-00094456 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20. so
4bPFPl58i2Y-00225-00094457-00095621 that's like 20 levels
4bPFPl58i2Y-00226-00095622-00096156 I'll be back
4bPFPl58i2Y-00227-00096157-00096635 what the what the what what what the
4bPFPl58i2Y-00228-00096636-00096906 hold on
4bPFPl58i2Y-00229-00096907-00097468 this is something else
4bPFPl58i2Y-00230-00097469-00097697 all right we're back everyone in the
4bPFPl58i2Y-00231-00097698-00099359 truck's on the way
4bPFPl58i2Y-00232-00099360-00100031 up to that
4bPFPl58i2Y-00233-00100032-00100247 wow
4bPFPl58i2Y-00234-00100248-00100774 foreign
4bPFPl58i2Y-00235-00100775-00101005 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00236-00101006-00101359 this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00237-00101360-00101735 oh it's link really couldn't grab
4bPFPl58i2Y-00238-00101736-00101921 leadership because this was made in the
4bPFPl58i2Y-00239-00101922-00102203 year Luigi saying just a bunch of
4bPFPl58i2Y-00240-00102204-00102532 Easter eggs I swear if I fall off of
4bPFPl58i2Y-00241-00102533-00102994 this I'm going
4bPFPl58i2Y-00242-00102995-00103354 well I could do this of course these
4bPFPl58i2Y-00243-00103355-00103703 tricky parts
4bPFPl58i2Y-00244-00103704-00105058 foreign
4bPFPl58i2Y-00245-00105059-00105253 penny
4bPFPl58i2Y-00246-00105254-00105599 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00247-00105600-00106090 shut up this should have been Luigi
4bPFPl58i2Y-00248-00106091-00106307 no one cares about you stupid Easter
4bPFPl58i2Y-00249-00106308-00106408 eggs
4bPFPl58i2Y-00250-00106409-00106583 it was this was made in a year of
4bPFPl58i2Y-00251-00106583-00106775 Luigi
4bPFPl58i2Y-00252-00106776-00107452 give show him some respect
4bPFPl58i2Y-00253-00107453-00108028 in the games
4bPFPl58i2Y-00254-00108029-00109697 oh it's gonna be painful
4bPFPl58i2Y-00255-00109698-00109990 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00256-00109991-00110655 foreign
4bPFPl58i2Y-00257-00110656-00111989 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00258-00111990-00112427 okay that was the first one
4bPFPl58i2Y-00259-00112428-00113081 am I even gonna make it
4bPFPl58i2Y-00260-00113082-00113483 oh that hurt
4bPFPl58i2Y-00261-00113483-00113839 eat this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00262-00113840-00114449 move back
4bPFPl58i2Y-00263-00114450-00114599 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00264-00114600-00115554 I don't know what I'm doing but
4bPFPl58i2Y-00265-00115555-00116225 I like it Picasso
4bPFPl58i2Y-00266-00116226-00116863 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00267-00116864-00117625 40 40 minutes to complete
4bPFPl58i2Y-00268-00117626-00118336 I like Picasso
4bPFPl58i2Y-00269-00118338-00118781 should we do another level
4bPFPl58i2Y-00270-00118782-00120139 I'm doing one more level then we're done
4bPFPl58i2Y-00271-00120140-00120516 great these these
4bPFPl58i2Y-00272-00120517-00120827 are back
4bPFPl58i2Y-00273-00120828-00121069 oh you can even stick on the surfaces
4bPFPl58i2Y-00274-00121070-00121427 surfaces I love surfaces
4bPFPl58i2Y-00275-00121428-00121571 I like
4bPFPl58i2Y-00276-00121572-00121702 Castle
4bPFPl58i2Y-00277-00121703-00122045 no I don't like these I there's like my
4bPFPl58i2Y-00278-00122046-00122615 most hated enemies
4bPFPl58i2Y-00279-00122616-00122986 I'm down man
4bPFPl58i2Y-00280-00122988-00123361 sure by just killing myself
4bPFPl58i2Y-00281-00123363-00123565 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00282-00123566-00124234 no get away from oh no hold on
4bPFPl58i2Y-00283-00124235-00124669 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00284-00124670-00125045 I start this level over again complete
4bPFPl58i2Y-00285-00125046-00125458 the like one to two
4bPFPl58i2Y-00286-00125459-00125602 levels
4bPFPl58i2Y-00287-00125603-00125969 a video
4bPFPl58i2Y-00288-00125970-00126269 okay please give me time
4bPFPl58i2Y-00289-00126270-00126575 at least you destroyed it right after
4bPFPl58i2Y-00290-00126576-00126977 oh okay I
4bPFPl58i2Y-00291-00126978-00127163 here
4bPFPl58i2Y-00292-00127164-00127721 foreign
4bPFPl58i2Y-00293-00127722-00127877 this is up
4bPFPl58i2Y-00294-00127878-00128045 especially when you're running you can't
4bPFPl58i2Y-00295-00128046-00128410 control it
4bPFPl58i2Y-00296-00128411-00128783 it's gonna be somewhere in midair
4bPFPl58i2Y-00297-00128783-00129089 okay I can't I'm
4bPFPl58i2Y-00298-00129090-00129304 you have seen my life so many times
4bPFPl58i2Y-00299-00129305-00129664 because now I can speed one and it's a
4bPFPl58i2Y-00300-00129665-00129851 leaf so I just do this and I got a free
4bPFPl58i2Y-00301-00129852-00130273 leap right after
4bPFPl58i2Y-00302-00130274-00130571 I start cheating I'm just using my
4bPFPl58i2Y-00303-00130572-00130978 resources that the game has finally
4bPFPl58i2Y-00304-00130979-00131761 given to me
4bPFPl58i2Y-00305-00131762-00132101 I feel like that this has something that
4bPFPl58i2Y-00306-00132102-00132473 I want
4bPFPl58i2Y-00307-00132474-00132778 two places map before I start speeding
4bPFPl58i2Y-00308-00132779-00133031 try speed running it
4bPFPl58i2Y-00309-00133032-00134093 uh-huh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00310-00134094-00134716 I don't see anything that I want
4bPFPl58i2Y-00311-00134717-00135139 nope
4bPFPl58i2Y-00312-00135140-00135547 this is up
4bPFPl58i2Y-00313-00135548-00136163 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00314-00136164-00136637 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00315-00136638-00136985 do you give out Source though
4bPFPl58i2Y-00316-00136986-00137375 one of these has to give out sorry
4bPFPl58i2Y-00317-00137376-00137795 thank you for your locations
4bPFPl58i2Y-00318-00137796-00138497 but
4bPFPl58i2Y-00319-00138498-00139564 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00320-00139565-00140387 okay that's just messed up up
4bPFPl58i2Y-00321-00140388-00141214 wait
4bPFPl58i2Y-00322-00141215-00141701 oh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00323-00141702-00142121 my God
4bPFPl58i2Y-00324-00142122-00143452 I could do something like that
4bPFPl58i2Y-00325-00143453-00144143 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00326-00144144-00144790 hold on what's this
4bPFPl58i2Y-00327-00144791-00145109 stupid stamp to one up
4bPFPl58i2Y-00328-00145110-00145277 like I need it because I have over a
4bPFPl58i2Y-00329-00145278-00145404 thousand
4bPFPl58i2Y-00330-00145405-00145643 that I'm gonna waste
4bPFPl58i2Y-00331-00145644-00146945 of course
4bPFPl58i2Y-00332-00146946-00147275 you gave me time
4bPFPl58i2Y-00333-00147276-00147802 foreign
4bPFPl58i2Y-00334-00147803-00148189 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00335-00148190-00148564 I see
4bPFPl58i2Y-00336-00148565-00149327 oh I see that you place
4bPFPl58i2Y-00337-00149328-00149704 still no power wraps
4bPFPl58i2Y-00338-00149705-00150540 oh I see
4bPFPl58i2Y-00339-00150541-00151727 oh super nostalgic
4bPFPl58i2Y-00340-00151728-00152140 oh hello Rosalina you stupid cheat on me
4bPFPl58i2Y-00341-00152141-00152947 with Luigi
4bPFPl58i2Y-00342-00152948-00153263 it's only been 50 minutes
4bPFPl58i2Y-00343-00153264-00153421 oh hello
4bPFPl58i2Y-00344-00153422-00153557 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00345-00153558-00154081 huh
4bPFPl58i2Y-00346-00154082-00154876 oh hello okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00347-00154877-00155688 hello
4bPFPl58i2Y-00348-00155689-00155861 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00349-00155862-00156042 okay
4bPFPl58i2Y-00350-00156043-00156463 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00351-00156464-00156790 there I did it
4bPFPl58i2Y-00352-00156791-00157481 foreign
4bPFPl58i2Y-00353-00157482-00157823 I added chapters to my videos now to my
4bPFPl58i2Y-00354-00157824-00158026 Super Mario videos
4bPFPl58i2Y-00355-00158027-00158387 so if you're like going at going here to
4bPFPl58i2Y-00356-00158388-00158681 like find a star
4bPFPl58i2Y-00357-00158682-00158945 and try like for a specific level you
4bPFPl58i2Y-00358-00158946-00159202 just go on my general clip Chopper click
4bPFPl58i2Y-00359-00159203-00159389 the level you want
4bPFPl58i2Y-00360-00159390-00159911 I'm almost there
4bPFPl58i2Y-00361-00159912-00160019 yeah
4bPFPl58i2Y-00362-00160020-00160248 so guys I hope you liked this video
4bPFPl58i2Y-00363-00160249-00160414 [Music]
4bPFPl58i2Y-00364-00160415-00161017 like And subscribe see you next video
4bPFPl58i2Y-00365-00161018-00162052 [Music]
4epyrQs4ue4-00000-00000007-00000398 the Sunderland tramways company operated
4epyrQs4ue4-00001-00000399-00000713 a tramway service in Sunderland Tyne and
4epyrQs4ue4-00002-00000714-00001759 we're between 1879 and 1901 topic
4epyrQs4ue4-00003-00001760-00002456 history horse-drawn tramway services
4epyrQs4ue4-00004-00002457-00002830 started on the 28th of April 1879
4epyrQs4ue4-00005-00002831-00003202 running from monk Weymouth to roca
4epyrQs4ue4-00006-00003203-00003488 additional lines south of the river were
4epyrQs4ue4-00007-00003489-00004067 completed by June 1879 in 1880 an
4epyrQs4ue4-00008-00004068-00004288 experiment was made with steam
4epyrQs4ue4-00009-00004289-00004583 locomotives but this came to nothing and
4epyrQs4ue4-00010-00004584-00004874 horsepower remained until the company
4epyrQs4ue4-00011-00004875-00005420 terminated services in 1901 during the
4epyrQs4ue4-00012-00005421-00005686 lifetime of the company the tram car
4epyrQs4ue4-00013-00005687-00006573 fleet reached a maximum of 33 vehicles
4epyrQs4ue4-00014-00006575-00007306 topic closure the corporation purchased
4epyrQs4ue4-00015-00007308-00007706 the company in 1904 the sum of 35
4epyrQs4ue4-00016-00007706-00008030 thousand pounds and commenced a program
4epyrQs4ue4-00017-00008031-00008395 of modernization and electrification the
4epyrQs4ue4-00018-00008396-00008692 tramway reopened as sundaland
4epyrQs4ue4-00019-00008693-00009056 corporation tramways
4fo7nId5INQ-00000-00000065-00001250 [Music]
4fo7nId5INQ-00001-00001251-00001551 dog
4gu2An559mk-00000-00000055-00000312 the environmental movement sometimes
4gu2An559mk-00001-00000313-00000558 referred to as the ecology movement also
4gu2An559mk-00002-00000559-00000771 including conservation and green
4gu2An559mk-00003-00000772-00001074 politics is a diverse scientific social
4gu2An559mk-00004-00001075-00001285 and political movement for addressing
4gu2An559mk-00005-00001286-00001623 environmental issues environmentalists
4gu2An559mk-00006-00001625-00001848 advocate the sustainable management of
4gu2An559mk-00007-00001850-00002044 resources and stewardship of the
4gu2An559mk-00008-00002045-00002266 environment through changes in public
4gu2An559mk-00009-00002267-00002596 policy and individual behavior in its
4gu2An559mk-00010-00002597-00002827 recognition of humanity as a participant
4gu2An559mk-00011-00002828-00003133 in not enemy of ecosystems the movement
4gu2An559mk-00012-00003134-00003370 is centered on ecology health and human
4gu2An559mk-00013-00003371-00003732 rights the environmental movement as an
4gu2An559mk-00014-00003733-00003970 international movement represented by a
4gu2An559mk-00015-00003971-00004227 range of organizations from the large to
4gu2An559mk-00016-00004228-00004431 grassroots and varies from country to
4gu2An559mk-00017-00004432-00004722 country due to its large membership
4gu2An559mk-00018-00004723-00004936 varying and strong beliefs an
4gu2An559mk-00019-00004937-00005161 occasionally speculative nature the
4gu2An559mk-00020-00005162-00005361 environmental movement is not always
4gu2An559mk-00021-00005362-00005529 united in its goals
4gu2An559mk-00022-00005530-00005818 the movement also encompasses some other
4gu2An559mk-00023-00005819-00005997 movements with a more specific focus
4gu2An559mk-00024-00005998-00006321 such as the climate movement at its
4gu2An559mk-00025-00006322-00006556 broadest the movement includes private
4gu2An559mk-00026-00006556-00006778 citizens professionals religious
4gu2An559mk-00027-00006779-00007044 devotees politicians scientists
4gu2An559mk-00028-00007045-00007327 nonprofit organizations and individual
4gu2An559mk-00029-00007328-00007928 advocates
4gu2An559mk-00030-00007929-00008793 topic history
4gu2An559mk-00031-00008794-00009350 topic early awareness
4gu2An559mk-00032-00009351-00009608 early interest in the environment was a
4gu2An559mk-00033-00009609-00009821 feature of the Romantic movement in the
4gu2An559mk-00034-00009822-00010145 early 19th century the poet William
4gu2An559mk-00035-00010146-00010394 Wordsworth had traveled extensively in
4gu2An559mk-00036-00010395-00010583 the Lake District and wrote that it is a
4gu2An559mk-00037-00010584-00010913 sort of national property in which every
4gu2An559mk-00038-00010914-00011159 man has a right an interest who has an
4gu2An559mk-00039-00011160-00011549 eye to perceive and a heart to enjoy the
4gu2An559mk-00040-00011550-00011726 origins of the environmental movement
4gu2An559mk-00041-00011727-00011972 lay in the response to increasing levels
4gu2An559mk-00042-00011973-00012155 of smoke pollution in the atmosphere
4gu2An559mk-00043-00012156-00012509 during the Industrial Revolution the
4gu2An559mk-00044-00012510-00012728 emergence of great factories and the
4gu2An559mk-00045-00012729-00012926 concomitant immense growth in coal
4gu2An559mk-00046-00012927-00013109 consumption gave rise to an
4gu2An559mk-00047-00013110-00013349 unprecedented level of air pollution in
4gu2An559mk-00048-00013350-00013649 industrial centers after 1900 the large
4gu2An559mk-00049-00013650-00013922 volume of industrial chemical discharges
4gu2An559mk-00050-00013922-00014119 added to the growing load of untreated
4gu2An559mk-00051-00014121-00014432 human waste under increasing political
4gu2An559mk-00052-00014433-00014684 pressure from the urban middle class the
4gu2An559mk-00053-00014685-00014944 first large-scale modern environmental
4gu2An559mk-00054-00014946-00015134 laws came in the form of Britain's
4gu2An559mk-00055-00015135-00015506 alkali Act passed in 1863 to regulate
4gu2An559mk-00056-00015507-00015743 the deleterious air pollution gaseous
4gu2An559mk-00057-00015744-00015950 hydrochloric acid given off by the
4gu2An559mk-00058-00015951-00016747 LeBlanc process used to produce soda ash
4gu2An559mk-00059-00016748-00017332 topic conservation movement
4gu2An559mk-00060-00017333-00017584 the modern conservation movement was
4gu2An559mk-00061-00017585-00017833 first manifested in the forests of India
4gu2An559mk-00062-00017834-00018034 with the practical application of
4gu2An559mk-00063-00018035-00018364 scientific conservation principles the
4gu2An559mk-00064-00018365-00018598 conservation ethic that began to evolve
4gu2An559mk-00065-00018599-00018856 included three core principles that the
4gu2An559mk-00066-00018857-00019096 human activity damaged the environment
4gu2An559mk-00067-00019097-00019288 that there was a civic duty to maintain
4gu2An559mk-00068-00019289-00019537 the environment for future generations
4gu2An559mk-00069-00019538-00019768 and that scientific empirically based
4gu2An559mk-00070-00019769-00019990 methods should be applied to ensure this
4gu2An559mk-00071-00019991-00020320 Duty was carried out Sir James Ronald
4gu2An559mk-00072-00020321-00020536 Martin was prominent in promoting this
4gu2An559mk-00073-00020537-00020773 ideology publishing many medico
4gu2An559mk-00074-00020774-00021016 topographical reports that demonstrated
4gu2An559mk-00075-00021017-00021193 the scale of damage wrought through
4gu2An559mk-00076-00021194-00021394 large-scale deforestation and
4gu2An559mk-00077-00021395-00021658 desiccation and lobbying extensively for
4gu2An559mk-00078-00021659-00021868 the institutionalization of forest
4gu2An559mk-00079-00021869-00022111 conservation activities in British India
4gu2An559mk-00080-00022112-00022315 through the establishment of forest
4gu2An559mk-00081-00022316-00022600 department the Madras Board of Revenue
4gu2An559mk-00082-00022601-00022867 started local conservation efforts in
4gu2An559mk-00083-00022868-00023188 1842 headed by Alexander Gibson a
4gu2An559mk-00084-00023189-00023403 professional botanist who systematically
4gu2An559mk-00085-00023404-00023695 adopted a forest conservation programme
4gu2An559mk-00086-00023696-00024040 based on scientific principles this was
4gu2An559mk-00087-00024041-00024259 the first case of state management of
4gu2An559mk-00088-00024260-00024565 forests in the world eventually the
4gu2An559mk-00089-00024566-00024778 government under governor-general Lord
4gu2An559mk-00090-00024779-00025024 Dalhousie introduced the first permanent
4gu2An559mk-00091-00025025-00025218 and large-scale forest conservation
4gu2An559mk-00092-00025219-00025591 program in the world in 1855 a model
4gu2An559mk-00093-00025592-00025803 that soon spread to other colonies as
4gu2An559mk-00094-00025804-00026178 well the United States in 1860 the
4gu2An559mk-00095-00026179-00026364 department banned the use shifting
4gu2An559mk-00096-00026366-00026755 cultivation dr. Hugh Clegg Horne's 1861
4gu2An559mk-00097-00026756-00027007 manual the forests and gardens of South
4gu2An559mk-00098-00027008-00027250 India became the definitive work on the
4gu2An559mk-00099-00027251-00027493 subject and was widely used by forest
4gu2An559mk-00100-00027494-00027700 assistance in the subcontinent sir
4gu2An559mk-00101-00027701-00027877 dietrich Brandis joined the British
4gu2An559mk-00102-00027877-00028204 service in 1856 as superintendent of the
4gu2An559mk-00103-00028205-00028462 teak forests of Pegu division in eastern
4gu2An559mk-00104-00028463-00028764 Burma during that time Burma's teak
4gu2An559mk-00105-00028766-00028981 forests were controlled by militant
4gu2An559mk-00106-00028982-00029158 Kerin tribals
4gu2An559mk-00107-00029159-00029533 he introduced the Tonya system in which
4gu2An559mk-00108-00029534-00029761 Karen villagers provided labor for
4gu2An559mk-00109-00029762-00029957 clearing planting and weeding teak
4gu2An559mk-00110-00029958-00030298 plantations he formulated new forest
4gu2An559mk-00111-00030299-00030445 legislation and helped establish
4gu2An559mk-00112-00030446-00030808 research and training institutions the
4gu2An559mk-00113-00030809-00031087 Imperial forestry school at Dehradun was
4gu2An559mk-00114-00031088-00031637 founded by him
4gu2An559mk-00115-00031638-00031949 topic formation of environmental
4gu2An559mk-00116-00031950-00032433 protection societies
4gu2An559mk-00117-00032435-00032731 the late 19th century saw the formation
4gu2An559mk-00118-00032732-00032965 of the first Wildlife Conservation
4gu2An559mk-00119-00032966-00033132 Society's
4gu2An559mk-00120-00033133-00033420 the zoologist Alfred Newton published a
4gu2An559mk-00121-00033421-00033627 series of investigations into the
4gu2An559mk-00122-00033628-00033870 desirability of establishing a closed
4gu2An559mk-00123-00033871-00034101 time for the preservation of indigenous
4gu2An559mk-00124-00034102-00034554 animals between 1872 and 1903 his
4gu2An559mk-00125-00034555-00034787 advocacy for legislation to protect
4gu2An559mk-00126-00034788-00034971 animals from hunting during the mating
4gu2An559mk-00127-00034972-00035183 season led to the formation of the
4gu2An559mk-00128-00035184-00035421 plumage league later the Royal Society
4gu2An559mk-00129-00035422-00035808 for the Protection of birds in 1889 the
4gu2An559mk-00130-00035809-00036027 Society acted as a protest group
4gu2An559mk-00131-00036028-00036246 campaigning against the use of great
4gu2An559mk-00132-00036247-00036480 crested grebe in Kidd awake skins and
4gu2An559mk-00133-00036481-00036789 feathers in fur clothing the society
4gu2An559mk-00134-00036790-00036977 attracted growing support from the
4gu2An559mk-00135-00036978-00037218 suburban middle classes and influenced
4gu2An559mk-00136-00037219-00037370 the passage of the sea birds
4gu2An559mk-00137-00037371-00037692 Preservation Act in 1869 as the first
4gu2An559mk-00138-00037693-00037932 nature protection law in the world for
4gu2An559mk-00139-00037933-00038252 most of the century from 1850 to 1950
4gu2An559mk-00140-00038253-00038537 however the primary environmental cause
4gu2An559mk-00141-00038538-00038846 was the mitigation of air pollution the
4gu2An559mk-00142-00038847-00039095 coal smoke abatement society was formed
4gu2An559mk-00143-00039096-00039383 in 1898 making it one of the oldest
4gu2An559mk-00144-00039384-00039762 environmental and gos it was founded by
4gu2An559mk-00145-00039763-00039971 artist Sir William Blake Richmond
4gu2An559mk-00146-00039972-00040208 frustrated with the pall cast by coal
4gu2An559mk-00147-00040209-00040493 smoke although there were earlier pieces
4gu2An559mk-00148-00040494-00040762 of legislation the Public Health Act
4gu2An559mk-00149-00040763-00041045 1875 required all furnaces and
4gu2An559mk-00150-00041046-00041378 fireplaces to consume their own smoke
4gu2An559mk-00151-00041379-00041625 systematic and general efforts on behalf
4gu2An559mk-00152-00041626-00041868 of the environment only began in the
4gu2An559mk-00153-00041869-00042108 late 19th century it grew out of the
4gu2An559mk-00154-00042109-00042408 amenity movement in Britain in the 1870s
4gu2An559mk-00155-00042409-00042557 which was a reaction to
4gu2An559mk-00156-00042558-00042777 industrialization the growth of cities
4gu2An559mk-00157-00042778-00043052 and worsening air and water pollution
4gu2An559mk-00158-00043053-00043275 starting with the formation of the
4gu2An559mk-00159-00043276-00043638 Commons Preservation Society in 1865 the
4gu2An559mk-00160-00043639-00043863 movement championed rural preservation
4gu2An559mk-00161-00043864-00044006 against the encroachments of
4gu2An559mk-00162-00044007-00044301 industrialization Robert hunter
4gu2An559mk-00163-00044302-00044547 solicitor for the Society worked with
4gu2An559mk-00164-00044548-00044826 Hardwick ronsley Octavia Hill and John
4gu2An559mk-00165-00044827-00045066 Ruskin to lead a successful campaign to
4gu2An559mk-00166-00045067-00045288 prevent the construction of Railways to
4gu2An559mk-00167-00045289-00045465 carry slate from the quarries which
4gu2An559mk-00168-00045466-00045666 would have ruined the unspoiled valleys
4gu2An559mk-00169-00045667-00045960 of Newlands and inner Dale this success
4gu2An559mk-00170-00045961-00046137 led to the formation of the Lake
4gu2An559mk-00171-00046138-00046380 District defence society later to become
4gu2An559mk-00172-00046381-00046660 the Friends of the Lake District in 1893
4gu2An559mk-00173-00046661-00046947 Hill hunter and ronsley agreed to set up
4gu2An559mk-00174-00046948-00047130 a national body to coordinate
4gu2An559mk-00175-00047131-00047343 environmental conservation efforts
4gu2An559mk-00176-00047344-00047613 across the country the National Trust
4gu2An559mk-00177-00047614-00047871 for places of historic interest or
4gu2An559mk-00178-00047872-00048165 natural beauty was formally inaugurated
4gu2An559mk-00179-00048166-00048594 in 1894 the organization obtained secure
4gu2An559mk-00180-00048595-00048879 footing through the 1907 national trust
4gu2An559mk-00181-00048880-00049113 bill which gave the trust the status of
4gu2An559mk-00182-00049114-00049362 a statutory corporation and the bill was
4gu2An559mk-00183-00049363-00049635 passed in August 1907 and early
4gu2An559mk-00184-00049636-00049923 back-to-nature movement which
4gu2An559mk-00185-00049924-00050187 anticipated the romantic ideal of modern
4gu2An559mk-00186-00050188-00050404 environmentalism was advocated by
4gu2An559mk-00187-00050405-00050610 intellectuals such as John Ruskin
4gu2An559mk-00188-00050611-00050907 William Morris and Edward carpenter who
4gu2An559mk-00189-00050908-00051144 were all against consumerism pollution
4gu2An559mk-00190-00051145-00051336 and other activities that were harmful
4gu2An559mk-00191-00051337-00051633 to the natural world the movement was a
4gu2An559mk-00192-00051634-00051861 reaction to the urban conditions of the
4gu2An559mk-00193-00051862-00052119 industrial towns where sanitation was
4gu2An559mk-00194-00052120-00052380 awful pollution levels intolerable and
4gu2An559mk-00195-00052381-00052672 housing terribly cramped idealists
4gu2An559mk-00196-00052673-00052905 championed the rural life as a mythical
4gu2An559mk-00197-00052906-00053272 utopia and advocated a return to it John
4gu2An559mk-00198-00053273-00053509 Ruskin argued that people should return
4gu2An559mk-00199-00053510-00053706 to a small piece of English ground
4gu2An559mk-00200-00053707-00054057 beautiful peaceful and fruitful we will
4gu2An559mk-00201-00054058-00054279 have no steam engines upon it we will
4gu2An559mk-00202-00054280-00054525 have plenty of flowers and vegetables we
4gu2An559mk-00203-00054526-00054757 will have some music and poetry the
4gu2An559mk-00204-00054758-00054928 children will learn to dance to it and
4gu2An559mk-00205-00054929-00055111 sing it practical ventures in the
4gu2An559mk-00206-00055112-00055372 establishment of small cooperative farms
4gu2An559mk-00207-00055373-00055558 were even attempted in old rural
4gu2An559mk-00208-00055559-00055788 traditions without the taint of
4gu2An559mk-00209-00055789-00055990 manufacture or the canker of
4gu2An559mk-00210-00055991-00056304 artificiality were enthusiastically
4gu2An559mk-00211-00056305-00056551 revived including the morris dance and
4gu2An559mk-00212-00056552-00056737 the maple
4gu2An559mk-00213-00056738-00056995 the movement in the United States began
4gu2An559mk-00214-00056996-00057265 in the late 19th century out of concerns
4gu2An559mk-00215-00057266-00057490 for protecting the natural resources of
4gu2An559mk-00216-00057491-00057733 the West with individuals such as John
4gu2An559mk-00217-00057734-00057982 Muir and Henry David Thoreau making key
4gu2An559mk-00218-00057983-00058324 philosophical contributions Thoreau was
4gu2An559mk-00219-00058325-00058546 interested in people's relationship with
4gu2An559mk-00220-00058547-00058777 nature and studied this by living close
4gu2An559mk-00221-00058778-00059091 to nature in a simple life he published
4gu2An559mk-00222-00059092-00059353 his experiences in the book Walden which
4gu2An559mk-00223-00059354-00059515 argues that people should become
4gu2An559mk-00224-00059516-00059821 intimately close with nature Muir came
4gu2An559mk-00225-00059822-00060046 to believe in nature's inherent right
4gu2An559mk-00226-00060047-00060316 especially after spending time hiking in
4gu2An559mk-00227-00060316-00060541 Yosemite Valley and studying both the
4gu2An559mk-00228-00060541-00060889 ecology and geology he successfully
4gu2An559mk-00229-00060890-00061104 lobbied Congress to form Yosemite
4gu2An559mk-00230-00061105-00061327 National Park and went on to set up the
4gu2An559mk-00231-00061328-00061747 Sierra Club in 1892 the conservationist
4gu2An559mk-00232-00061748-00061963 principles as well as the belief in an
4gu2An559mk-00233-00061964-00062173 inherent right of nature were to become
4gu2An559mk-00234-00062174-00062429 the bedrock of modern environmentalism
4gu2An559mk-00235-00062430-00062728 however the early movement in the u.s.
4gu2An559mk-00236-00062729-00062910 developed with a contradiction
4gu2An559mk-00237-00062911-00063175 preservationist Slyke John Muir wanted
4gu2An559mk-00238-00063176-00063394 land and nature set aside for its own
4gu2An559mk-00239-00063395-00063628 sake and conservationists such as
4gu2An559mk-00240-00063629-00063820 Gifford Pinchot appointed as the first
4gu2An559mk-00241-00063821-00064075 chief of the u.s. Forest Service from
4gu2An559mk-00242-00064076-00064420 1905 to 1910 wanted to manage natural
4gu2An559mk-00243-00064421-00065112 resources for human use
4gu2An559mk-00244-00065113-00065684 topic 20th century
4gu2An559mk-00245-00065685-00065950 in the twentieth century environmental
4gu2An559mk-00246-00065951-00066151 ideas continued to grow in popularity
4gu2An559mk-00247-00066152-00066515 and recognition efforts were beginning
4gu2An559mk-00248-00066516-00066685 to be made to save the wildlife
4gu2An559mk-00249-00066686-00067009 particularly the American bison the
4gu2An559mk-00250-00067010-00067222 death of the last passenger pigeon as
4gu2An559mk-00251-00067223-00067441 well as the endangerment of the American
4gu2An559mk-00252-00067442-00067662 bison helped to focus the minds of
4gu2An559mk-00253-00067663-00067879 conservationists and popularize their
4gu2An559mk-00254-00067880-00068284 concerns in 1916 the National Park
4gu2An559mk-00255-00068285-00068524 Service was founded by u.s. President
4gu2An559mk-00256-00068525-00068842 Woodrow Wilson pioneers of the movement
4gu2An559mk-00257-00068843-00069001 called for more efficient and
4gu2An559mk-00258-00069002-00069202 professional management of Natural
4gu2An559mk-00259-00069203-00069529 Resources they fought for reform because
4gu2An559mk-00260-00069530-00069746 they believed the destruction of forests
4gu2An559mk-00261-00069747-00070040 fertile soil minerals wildlife and water
4gu2An559mk-00262-00070041-00070288 resources would lead to the downfall of
4gu2An559mk-00263-00070289-00070582 society the group that has been the most
4gu2An559mk-00264-00070583-00070813 active in recent years as the climate
4gu2An559mk-00265-00070814-00070945 movement
4gu2An559mk-00266-00070946-00071188 the u.s. movement began to take off
4gu2An559mk-00267-00071189-00071431 after World War two as people began to
4gu2An559mk-00268-00071432-00071620 recognize the costs of environmental
4gu2An559mk-00269-00071621-00071920 negligence disease and the expansion of
4gu2An559mk-00270-00071921-00072106 air and water pollution through the
4gu2An559mk-00271-00072107-00072273 occurrence of several environmental
4gu2An559mk-00272-00072274-00072538 disasters that occurred post-world War
4gu2An559mk-00273-00072539-00072606 two
4gu2An559mk-00274-00072607-00072957 Aldo Leopold wrote a sand County Almanac
4gu2An559mk-00275-00072958-00073401 in the 1940s he believed in a land ethic
4gu2An559mk-00276-00073402-00073615 that recognized that maintaining the
4gu2An559mk-00277-00073616-00073948 beauty integrity and health of natural
4gu2An559mk-00278-00073949-00074201 systems as a moral and ethical
4gu2An559mk-00279-00074202-00074596 imperative another major literary force
4gu2An559mk-00280-00074597-00074806 in the promotion of the environmental
4gu2An559mk-00281-00074807-00074994 movement was Rachel Carson's Silent
4gu2An559mk-00282-00074995-00075268 Spring about declining bird populations
4gu2An559mk-00283-00075269-00075601 due to DDT an insecticide pollution and
4gu2An559mk-00284-00075602-00075829 man's attempts to control nature through
4gu2An559mk-00285-00075830-00076138 use of synthetic substances her core
4gu2An559mk-00286-00076139-00076378 message for her readers was to identify
4gu2An559mk-00287-00076379-00076632 the complex and fragile ecosystem and
4gu2An559mk-00288-00076633-00076972 the threats facing the people in 1958
4gu2An559mk-00289-00076973-00077238 Carson started to work on her last book
4gu2An559mk-00290-00077239-00077457 with an idea that nature needs human
4gu2An559mk-00291-00077458-00077803 protection her influence was radioactive
4gu2An559mk-00292-00077804-00078034 fallout smog food additives and
4gu2An559mk-00293-00078035-00078406 pesticide use Carson's main focus was on
4gu2An559mk-00294-00078407-00078664 pesticides which led her to identify
4gu2An559mk-00295-00078665-00078838 nature as fragile and the use of
4gu2An559mk-00296-00078839-00079093 technology dangerous to humans and other
4gu2An559mk-00297-00079094-00079336 species both of these books helped bring
4gu2An559mk-00298-00079337-00079551 the issues into the public eye Rachel
4gu2An559mk-00299-00079552-00079789 Carson's Silent Spring sold over 2
4gu2An559mk-00300-00079790-00080146 million copies the first Earth Day was
4gu2An559mk-00301-00080147-00080593 celebrated on the 22nd of April 1970 its
4gu2An559mk-00302-00080594-00080869 founder former Wisconsin Senator Gaylord
4gu2An559mk-00303-00080870-00081126 Nelson was inspired to create this day
4gu2An559mk-00304-00081127-00081331 of environmental education and awareness
4gu2An559mk-00305-00081332-00081594 after seeing the oil spill off the coast
4gu2An559mk-00306-00081595-00082015 of Santa Barbara in 1969 Greenpeace was
4gu2An559mk-00307-00082016-00082356 created in 1971 as an organization that
4gu2An559mk-00308-00082357-00082573 believed that political advocacy and
4gu2An559mk-00309-00082574-00082771 legislation were ineffective or
4gu2An559mk-00310-00082772-00082984 inefficient solutions and supported
4gu2An559mk-00311-00082985-00083356 nonviolent action 1980 saw the creation
4gu2An559mk-00312-00083357-00083590 of earth first a group with an eco
4gu2An559mk-00313-00083591-00083806 centric view of the world believing in
4gu2An559mk-00314-00083807-00084040 equality between the rights of humans to
4gu2An559mk-00315-00084041-00084238 flourish the rights of all other species
4gu2An559mk-00316-00084239-00084331 to Fleur
4gu2An559mk-00317-00084332-00084460 and the rights of life-sustaining
4gu2An559mk-00318-00084461-00084812 systems to flourish in the 1950s 1960s
4gu2An559mk-00319-00084813-00085228 and 1970s several events Illustrated the
4gu2An559mk-00320-00085229-00085471 magnitude of environmental damage caused
4gu2An559mk-00321-00085472-00085909 by humans in 1954 a hydrogen bomb test
4gu2An559mk-00322-00085910-00086290 at Bikini Atoll exposed the 23-man crew
4gu2An559mk-00323-00086291-00086512 of the Japanese fishing vessel Lucky
4gu2An559mk-00324-00086513-00086992 Dragon v to radioactive fallout in 1967
4gu2An559mk-00325-00086993-00087247 the oil tanker Torrey Canyon ran aground
4gu2An559mk-00326-00087248-00087553 off the coast of Cornwall and in 1969
4gu2An559mk-00327-00087554-00087799 oil spilled from an offshore well in
4gu2An559mk-00328-00087800-00088018 California's Santa Barbara Channel
4gu2An559mk-00329-00088019-00088431 in 1971 the conclusion of a lawsuit in
4gu2An559mk-00330-00088432-00088680 Japan drew international attention to
4gu2An559mk-00331-00088681-00088879 the effects of decades of mercury
4gu2An559mk-00332-00088880-00089104 poisoning on the people of Minamata at
4gu2An559mk-00333-00089105-00089349 the same time emerging scientific
4gu2An559mk-00334-00089350-00089596 research drew new attention to existing
4gu2An559mk-00335-00089597-00089763 and hypothetical threats to the
4gu2An559mk-00336-00089764-00090079 environment and humanity among them were
4gu2An559mk-00337-00090080-00090288 Paul R Ehrlich whose book the Population
4gu2An559mk-00338-00090289-00090709 Bomb 1968 revived Malthusian concerns
4gu2An559mk-00339-00090710-00090910 about the impact of exponential
4gu2An559mk-00340-00090911-00091210 population growth biologist barry
4gu2An559mk-00341-00091211-00091471 commoner generated a debate about growth
4gu2An559mk-00342-00091472-00091751 affluence and flawed technology
4gu2An559mk-00343-00091752-00091980 additionally an association of
4gu2An559mk-00344-00091981-00092203 scientists and political leaders known
4gu2An559mk-00345-00092204-00092398 as the Club of Rome published their
4gu2An559mk-00346-00092399-00092718 report the limits to growth in 1972 and
4gu2An559mk-00347-00092719-00092913 drew attention to the growing pressure
4gu2An559mk-00348-00092914-00093130 on natural resources from human
4gu2An559mk-00349-00093131-00093484 activities meanwhile technological
4gu2An559mk-00350-00093485-00093667 accomplishments such as nuclear
4gu2An559mk-00351-00093668-00093876 proliferation and photos of the Earth
4gu2An559mk-00352-00093877-00094101 from outer space provided both new
4gu2An559mk-00353-00094102-00094321 insights and new reasons for concern
4gu2An559mk-00354-00094322-00094543 over Earth's seemingly small and unique
4gu2An559mk-00355-00094544-00094782 place in the universe
4gu2An559mk-00356-00094783-00095178 in 1972 the United Nations conference on
4gu2An559mk-00357-00095179-00095370 the human environment was held in
4gu2An559mk-00358-00095371-00095619 Stockholm and for the first time United
4gu2An559mk-00359-00095620-00095793 the representatives of multiple
4gu2An559mk-00360-00095794-00096000 governments in discussion relating to
4gu2An559mk-00361-00096001-00096276 the state of the global environment this
4gu2An559mk-00362-00096277-00096522 conference led directly to the creation
4gu2An559mk-00363-00096523-00096771 of government environmental agencies in
4gu2An559mk-00364-00096772-00097103 the UN Environment Programme by the
4gu2An559mk-00365-00097104-00097425 mid-1970s anti-nuclear activism had
4gu2An559mk-00366-00097426-00097695 moved beyond local protests and politics
4gu2An559mk-00367-00097696-00097919 to gain a wider appeal and influence
4gu2An559mk-00368-00097920-00098235 although it lacked a single coordinating
4gu2An559mk-00369-00098236-00098478 organization the anti-nuclear movements
4gu2An559mk-00370-00098479-00098670 efforts gained a great deal of attention
4gu2An559mk-00371-00098671-00098919 especially in the United Kingdom and
4gu2An559mk-00372-00098920-00099021 United States
4gu2An559mk-00373-00099022-00099282 in the aftermath of the Three Mile
4gu2An559mk-00374-00099283-00099614 Island accident in 1979 many mass
4gu2An559mk-00375-00099615-00099930 demonstrations took place the largest
4gu2An559mk-00376-00099931-00100146 one was held in New York City in
4gu2An559mk-00377-00100147-00100533 September 1979 and involved 200,000
4gu2An559mk-00378-00100534-00100850 people since the 1970s public awareness
4gu2An559mk-00379-00100851-00101121 environmental sciences ecology and
4gu2An559mk-00380-00101122-00101340 technology have advanced to include
4gu2An559mk-00381-00101341-00101589 modern focus points like ozone depletion
4gu2An559mk-00382-00101590-00101763 global climate change
4gu2An559mk-00383-00101764-00102054 acid rain mutation breeding genetically
4gu2An559mk-00384-00102055-00102306 modified crops and genetically modified
4gu2An559mk-00385-00102307-00102644 livestock with mutation breeding crop
4gu2An559mk-00386-00102645-00102921 cultivars were created by exposing seeds
4gu2An559mk-00387-00102922-00103108 to chemicals or radiation
4gu2An559mk-00388-00103109-00103407 many of these cultivars are still being
4gu2An559mk-00389-00103408-00103731 used today genetically modified plants
4gu2An559mk-00390-00103732-00103893 and animals are said by some
4gu2An559mk-00391-00103894-00104121 environmentalists to be inherently bad
4gu2An559mk-00392-00104122-00104432 because they are unnatural others point
4gu2An559mk-00393-00104433-00104643 out the possible benefits of GM crops
4gu2An559mk-00394-00104644-00104922 such as water conservation through corn
4gu2An559mk-00395-00104923-00105183 modified to be less thirsty and
4gu2An559mk-00396-00105183-00105468 decreased pesticide use through insect
4gu2An559mk-00397-00105469-00105774 resistant crops they also point out that
4gu2An559mk-00398-00105775-00106020 some genetically modified livestock have
4gu2An559mk-00399-00106021-00106233 accelerated growth which means there are
4gu2An559mk-00400-00106233-00106455 shorter production cycles which again
4gu2An559mk-00401-00106456-00106777 results in a more efficient use of feed
4gu2An559mk-00402-00106778-00107071 besides genetically modified crops and
4gu2An559mk-00403-00107072-00107356 livestock synthetic biology is also on
4gu2An559mk-00404-00107357-00107596 the rise and environmentalists argued
4gu2An559mk-00405-00107597-00107827 that these also contain risks if these
4gu2An559mk-00406-00107828-00108075 organisms were ever to end up in nature
4gu2An559mk-00407-00108076-00108397 this is unlike with genetically modified
4gu2An559mk-00408-00108398-00108706 organisms synthetic biology even uses
4gu2An559mk-00409-00108707-00109481 base pairs that do not exist in nature
4gu2An559mk-00410-00109482-00110060 topic United States
4gu2An559mk-00411-00110061-00110261 beginning in the conservation movement
4gu2An559mk-00412-00110263-00110552 at the beginning of the 20th century the
4gu2An559mk-00413-00110553-00110772 contemporary environmental movements
4gu2An559mk-00414-00110773-00110990 roots can be traced back to Murray book
4gu2An559mk-00415-00110991-00111207 shion's our synthetic environment Paul
4gu2An559mk-00416-00111208-00111432 our erlik's the Population Bomb and
4gu2An559mk-00417-00111433-00111790 Rachel Carson's Silent Spring American
4gu2An559mk-00418-00111791-00111959 environmentalists have campaigned
4gu2An559mk-00419-00111960-00112146 against nuclear weapons and nuclear
4gu2An559mk-00420-00112147-00112614 power in 1960s and 1970s acid rain in
4gu2An559mk-00421-00112615-00112853 the 1980s ozone depletion and
4gu2An559mk-00422-00112854-00113139 deforestation in the 1990s and most
4gu2An559mk-00423-00113140-00113327 recently climate change and global
4gu2An559mk-00424-00113328-00113700 warming the United States passed many
4gu2An559mk-00425-00113701-00113951 pieces of environmental legislation in
4gu2An559mk-00426-00113952-00114251 the 1970s such as the Clean Water Act
4gu2An559mk-00427-00114252-00114491 the Clean Air Act the Endangered Species
4gu2An559mk-00428-00114492-00114704 Act and the National Environmental
4gu2An559mk-00429-00114705-00114999 Policy Act these remain as the
4gu2An559mk-00430-00115000-00115224 foundations for current environmental
4gu2An559mk-00431-00115225-00115753 standards
4gu2An559mk-00432-00115754-00116104 topic timeline of us environmental
4gu2An559mk-00433-00116105-00116528 history
4gu2An559mk-00434-00116529-00117039 18:32 Hot Springs reservation 1864
4gu2An559mk-00435-00117040-00117474 Yosemite Valley 1872 Yellowstone
4gu2An559mk-00436-00117475-00118125 National Park 1892 Sierra Club 1916
4gu2An559mk-00437-00118126-00118605 National Park Service organic act 1916
4gu2An559mk-00438-00118606-00119097 National Audubon Society 1949 UN
4gu2An559mk-00439-00119098-00119283 scientific conference on the
4gu2An559mk-00440-00119283-00119481 conservation and utilization of
4gu2An559mk-00441-00119482-00120116 resources 1961 World Wildlife Foundation
4gu2An559mk-00442-00120117-00120559 1964 Land and Water Conservation Act
4gu2An559mk-00443-00120560-00120792 1964 National wilderness preservation
4gu2An559mk-00444-00120793-00121036 system
4gu2An559mk-00445-00121037-00121541 1968 National Trails system act 1968
4gu2An559mk-00446-00121542-00121823 national Wild and Scenic River system
4gu2An559mk-00447-00121824-00122122 Wild and Scenic Rivers act
4gu2An559mk-00448-00122123-00122638 1969 National Environmental Policy Act
4gu2An559mk-00449-00122639-00123206 1974 day the 22nd of April 1970 Clean
4gu2An559mk-00450-00123207-00123383 Air Act
4gu2An559mk-00451-00123384-00123825 1970 Environmental Protection Agency
4gu2An559mk-00452-00123826-00124110 1971 Greenpeace
4gu2An559mk-00453-00124111-00124658 1972 Clean Water Act 1973 Endangered
4gu2An559mk-00454-00124658-00125326 Species Act 1980 first 1992 UN Earth
4gu2An559mk-00455-00125327-00125958 Summit in Rio de Janeiro
4gu2An559mk-00456-00125959-00126528 topic Latin America
4gu2An559mk-00457-00126529-00126780 after the international environmental
4gu2An559mk-00458-00126781-00127136 conference in Stockholm in 1972 Latin
4gu2An559mk-00459-00127138-00127358 American officials returned with a high
4gu2An559mk-00460-00127359-00127557 hope of growth and protection of the
4gu2An559mk-00461-00127558-00127829 fairly untouched natural resources
4gu2An559mk-00462-00127830-00128108 government spent millions of dollars and
4gu2An559mk-00463-00128109-00128316 created departments and pollution
4gu2An559mk-00464-00128317-00128649 standards however the outcomes have not
4gu2An559mk-00465-00128650-00128850 always been what officials had initially
4gu2An559mk-00466-00128851-00129192 hoped activists blame this on growing
4gu2An559mk-00467-00129193-00129413 urban populations and industrial growth
4gu2An559mk-00468-00129414-00129720 many Latin American countries have had a
4gu2An559mk-00469-00129721-00129915 large inflow of immigrants that are
4gu2An559mk-00470-00129916-00130148 living in substandard housing
4gu2An559mk-00471-00130149-00130389 enforcement of the pollution standards
4gu2An559mk-00472-00130390-00130608 as lacks and penalties are minimal in
4gu2An559mk-00473-00130608-00130857 Venezuela the largest penalty for
4gu2An559mk-00474-00130858-00131157 violating an environmental law as 50,000
4gu2An559mk-00475-00131158-00131271 Bulevar fine
4gu2An559mk-00476-00131272-00131475 three thousand four hundred dollars and
4gu2An559mk-00477-00131476-00131885 three days in jail in the 1970s or 1980s
4gu2An559mk-00478-00131886-00132171 many Latin American countries were
4gu2An559mk-00479-00132172-00132411 transitioning from military dictatorship
4gu2An559mk-00480-00132412-00133065 to democratic governments
4gu2An559mk-00481-00133066-00133562 topic Brazil
4gu2An559mk-00482-00133563-00133954 in 1992 Brazil came under scrutiny with
4gu2An559mk-00483-00133955-00134140 the United Nations conference on
4gu2An559mk-00484-00134141-00134381 Environment and development in Rio de
4gu2An559mk-00485-00134382-00134716 Janeiro Brazil has a history of little
4gu2An559mk-00486-00134717-00134969 environmental awareness it has the
4gu2An559mk-00487-00134970-00135202 highest biodiversity in the world and
4gu2An559mk-00488-00135203-00135403 also the highest amount of habitat
4gu2An559mk-00489-00135404-00135698 destruction one-third of the world's
4gu2An559mk-00490-00135699-00135938 forests lie in Brazil and they have the
4gu2An559mk-00491-00135939-00136193 largest river the Amazon and the largest
4gu2An559mk-00492-00136194-00136544 rainforest the Amazon rainforest the
4gu2An559mk-00493-00136545-00136784 people have raised funds to create state
4gu2An559mk-00494-00136785-00136997 parks and increase the consciousness of
4gu2An559mk-00495-00136998-00137210 people who have destroyed forests and
4gu2An559mk-00496-00137211-00137488 polluted waterways they have several
4gu2An559mk-00497-00137489-00137684 organizations that have fronted the
4gu2An559mk-00498-00137685-00137936 environmental movement the blue wave
4gu2An559mk-00499-00137937-00138263 foundation was created in 1989 and has
4gu2An559mk-00500-00138264-00138488 partnered with advertising companies to
4gu2An559mk-00501-00138489-00138746 promote national education campaigns to
4gu2An559mk-00502-00138747-00139066 keep Brazil's beaches clean fun a churro
4gu2An559mk-00503-00139067-00139385 was created in 1986 and as a wildlife
4gu2An559mk-00504-00139386-00139682 sanctuary program Pro Natura
4gu2An559mk-00505-00139683-00139937 international as a private environmental
4gu2An559mk-00506-00139938-00140756 organization created in 1986
4gu2An559mk-00507-00140757-00141258 topic Europe
4gu2An559mk-00508-00141259-00141638 in 1952 the great London smog episode
4gu2An559mk-00509-00141639-00141848 killed thousands of people and led the
4gu2An559mk-00510-00141849-00142138 UK to create the first clean air act in
4gu2An559mk-00511-00142139-00142620 1956 in 1957 the first major nuclear
4gu2An559mk-00512-00142621-00142860 accident occurred in Windscale in
4gu2An559mk-00513-00142861-00143169 northern England the super tanker Torrey
4gu2An559mk-00514-00143170-00143382 Canyon ran aground off the coast of
4gu2An559mk-00515-00143383-00143736 Cornwall in 1967 causing the first major
4gu2An559mk-00516-00143737-00143978 oil leak that killed marine life along
4gu2An559mk-00517-00143979-00144401 the coast in 1972 in Stockholm the
4gu2An559mk-00518-00144402-00144621 United Nations conference on the human
4gu2An559mk-00519-00144622-00144858 environment created the UN Environment
4gu2An559mk-00520-00144859-00145199 Programme the e u--'s environmental
4gu2An559mk-00521-00145200-00145403 policy was formally founded by a
4gu2An559mk-00522-00145404-00145632 European Council declaration in the
4gu2An559mk-00523-00145633-00145860 first five-year Environment Programme
4gu2An559mk-00524-00145861-00146148 was adopted the main idea of the
4gu2An559mk-00525-00146149-00146346 declaration was that prevention is
4gu2An559mk-00526-00146347-00146525 better than the cure and the polluter
4gu2An559mk-00527-00146526-00146927 should pay 1979 saw the partial meltdown
4gu2An559mk-00528-00146928-00147282 of Three Mile Island in the USA
4gu2An559mk-00529-00147283-00147573 in the 1980s the green parties that were
4gu2An559mk-00530-00147574-00147798 created a decade before began to have
4gu2An559mk-00531-00147799-00148212 some political success in 1986 there was
4gu2An559mk-00532-00148213-00148489 a nuclear accident in Chernobyl Ukraine
4gu2An559mk-00533-00148490-00148821 the end of the 1980s and start of the
4gu2An559mk-00534-00148822-00149124 1990s saw the fall of communism across
4gu2An559mk-00535-00149125-00149363 Central and Eastern Europe the fall of
4gu2An559mk-00536-00149364-00149574 the Berlin Wall and the Union of East
4gu2An559mk-00537-00149575-00150014 and West Germany in 1992 there was a UN
4gu2An559mk-00538-00150015-00150263 summit held in Rio de Janeiro where
4gu2An559mk-00539-00150264-00150669 agenda 21 was adopted the Kyoto Protocol
4gu2An559mk-00540-00150670-00151023 was created in 1997 which set specific
4gu2An559mk-00541-00151024-00151245 targets and deadlines to reduce global
4gu2An559mk-00542-00151246-00151581 greenhouse gas emissions in the early
4gu2An559mk-00543-00151582-00151800 2000s activists believed that
4gu2An559mk-00544-00151801-00152015 environmental policy concerns were
4gu2An559mk-00545-00152016-00152237 overshadowed by energy security
4gu2An559mk-00546-00152238-00152949 globalism and terrorism
4gu2An559mk-00547-00152950-00153800 topic Asia
4gu2An559mk-00548-00153801-00154328 topic middle-east
4gu2An559mk-00549-00154329-00154586 the environmental movement is reaching
4gu2An559mk-00550-00154587-00154787 the less developed world with different
4gu2An559mk-00551-00154788-00155072 degrees of success the Arab world
4gu2An559mk-00552-00155073-00155279 including the Middle East and North
4gu2An559mk-00553-00155280-00155528 Africa has different adaptations of the
4gu2An559mk-00554-00155529-00155825 environmental movement countries on the
4gu2An559mk-00555-00155826-00156068 Persian Gulf have high incomes and rely
4gu2An559mk-00556-00156069-00156251 heavily on the large amount of energy
4gu2An559mk-00557-00156252-00156608 resources in the area each country in
4gu2An559mk-00558-00156609-00156806 the Arab world has varying combinations
4gu2An559mk-00559-00156807-00157076 of low or high amounts of natural
4gu2An559mk-00560-00157077-00157307 resources and low or high amounts of
4gu2An559mk-00561-00157308-00157667 labour the League of Arab states has one
4gu2An559mk-00562-00157668-00157952 specialized subcommittee of 12 standing
4gu2An559mk-00563-00157953-00158168 specialized subcommittee in the Foreign
4gu2An559mk-00564-00158169-00158381 Affairs ministerial committees which
4gu2An559mk-00565-00158382-00158620 deals with environmental issues
4gu2An559mk-00566-00158621-00158831 countries in the League of Arab states
4gu2An559mk-00567-00158832-00159050 have demonstrated an interest in
4gu2An559mk-00568-00159051-00159281 environmental issue on paper some
4gu2An559mk-00569-00159282-00159488 environmental activists have doubts
4gu2An559mk-00570-00159489-00159653 about the level of commitment to
4gu2An559mk-00571-00159654-00159905 environmental issues being a part of the
4gu2An559mk-00572-00159906-00160112 world community may have obliged these
4gu2An559mk-00573-00160113-00160319 countries to portray concern for the
4gu2An559mk-00574-00160320-00160571 environment initial level of
4gu2An559mk-00575-00160572-00160775 environmental awareness may be the
4gu2An559mk-00576-00160776-00160928 creation of a Ministry of the
4gu2An559mk-00577-00160929-00161255 Environment the year of establishment of
4gu2An559mk-00578-00161256-00161501 a ministry is also indicative of level
4gu2An559mk-00579-00161502-00161843 of engagement Saudi Arabia was the first
4gu2An559mk-00580-00161844-00162182 to establish environmental law in 1992
4gu2An559mk-00581-00162183-00162638 followed by Egypt in 1994 Somalia is the
4gu2An559mk-00582-00162639-00162863 only country without environmental law
4gu2An559mk-00583-00162864-00163148 in 2010 the environmental performance
4gu2An559mk-00584-00163149-00163466 index listed Algeria as the top arab
4gu2An559mk-00585-00163467-00163931 country at 42 of 163 Morocco was at 52
4gu2An559mk-00586-00163932-00164312 in Syria at 56 the environmental
4gu2An559mk-00587-00164313-00164513 performance index measures the ability
4gu2An559mk-00588-00164514-00164765 of a country to actively manage and
4gu2An559mk-00589-00164766-00164939 protect their environment and the health
4gu2An559mk-00590-00164940-00165266 of their citizens a weighted index is
4gu2An559mk-00591-00165267-00165530 created by giving 50 percent weight for
4gu2An559mk-00592-00165531-00165737 environmental health objective health
4gu2An559mk-00593-00165738-00166015 and 50 percent for ecosystem vitality
4gu2An559mk-00594-00166016-00166490 ecosystem values range from 0 to 100 no
4gu2An559mk-00595-00166491-00166703 Arab countries were in the top quartile
4gu2An559mk-00596-00166704-00166946 and 7 countries were in the lowest
4gu2An559mk-00597-00166947-00167510 quartile
4gu2An559mk-00598-00167511-00167954 topic South Korea and Taiwan
4gu2An559mk-00599-00167955-00168140 you
4gu2An559mk-00600-00168141-00168444 South Korea and Taiwan experienced
4gu2An559mk-00601-00168445-00168724 similar growth in industrialization from
4gu2An559mk-00602-00168725-00169044 1965 to 1990 with few environmental
4gu2An559mk-00603-00169045-00169177 controls
4gu2An559mk-00604-00169178-00169481 South Korea's Han River and NOC dong
4gu2An559mk-00605-00169482-00169694 River were so polluted by unchecked
4gu2An559mk-00606-00169695-00169898 dumping of industrial wastes that they
4gu2An559mk-00607-00169899-00170093 were close to being classified as
4gu2An559mk-00608-00170094-00170459 biologically dead taiwan's formula for
4gu2An559mk-00609-00170460-00170621 balanced growth was to prevent
4gu2An559mk-00610-00170622-00170864 industrial concentration and encourage
4gu2An559mk-00611-00170865-00171053 manufacturers to set up in the
4gu2An559mk-00612-00171054-00171393 countryside this led to 20% of the
4gu2An559mk-00613-00171394-00171635 farmland being polluted by industrial
4gu2An559mk-00614-00171636-00171908 waste and 30% of the rice grown on the
4gu2An559mk-00615-00171909-00172109 island was contaminated with heavy
4gu2An559mk-00616-00172110-00172426 metals both countries had spontaneous
4gu2An559mk-00617-00172427-00172613 environmental movement's drawing
4gu2An559mk-00618-00172614-00172826 participants from different classes
4gu2An559mk-00619-00172827-00173057 their demands were linked with issues of
4gu2An559mk-00620-00173058-00173285 employment occupational health and
4gu2An559mk-00621-00173286-00173627 agricultural crisis they were also quite
4gu2An559mk-00622-00173628-00173789 militant the people learned that
4gu2An559mk-00623-00173790-00174081 protesting can bring results the
4gu2An559mk-00624-00174082-00174294 polluting factories were forced to make
4gu2An559mk-00625-00174295-00174506 immediate improvements of the conditions
4gu2An559mk-00626-00174507-00174845 or pay compensation to victims some were
4gu2An559mk-00627-00174846-00175049 even forced to shut down or move
4gu2An559mk-00628-00175050-00175331 locations the people were able to force
4gu2An559mk-00629-00175332-00175506 the government to come out with new
4gu2An559mk-00630-00175507-00175781 restrictive rules on toxins industrial
4gu2An559mk-00631-00175782-00176102 waste and air pollution all of these new
4gu2An559mk-00632-00176103-00176327 regulations caused the migration of
4gu2An559mk-00633-00176328-00176546 those polluting industries from Taiwan
4gu2An559mk-00634-00176547-00176759 and South Korea to China and other
4gu2An559mk-00635-00176760-00177006 countries in Southeast Asia with more
4gu2An559mk-00636-00177007-00177692 relaxed environmental laws
4gu2An559mk-00637-00177693-00178033 topic China
4gu2An559mk-00638-00178034-00178181 you
4gu2An559mk-00639-00178182-00178423 China's environmental movement is
4gu2An559mk-00640-00178424-00178636 characterized by both the rise of
4gu2An559mk-00641-00178637-00178900 environmental NGOs and policy advocacy
4gu2An559mk-00642-00178901-00179234 and spontaneous alliances and protests
4gu2An559mk-00643-00179235-00179533 that often only occur at the local level
4gu2An559mk-00644-00179534-00179785 environmental protests in China are
4gu2An559mk-00645-00179786-00179998 increasingly expanding their scope of
4gu2An559mk-00646-00179999-00180166 concerns calling for broader
4gu2An559mk-00647-00180167-00180460 participation in the name of the public
4gu2An559mk-00648-00180461-00180772 the Chinese have realized the ability of
4gu2An559mk-00649-00180773-00181024 riots and protests to have success and
4gu2An559mk-00650-00181025-00181237 had led to an increase in disputes in
4gu2An559mk-00651-00181238-00181573 China by 30 percent since 2005 - more
4gu2An559mk-00652-00181574-00181921 than 50 thousand events protests covered
4gu2An559mk-00653-00181922-00182191 topics such as environmental issues land
4gu2An559mk-00654-00182192-00182548 loss income and political issues they
4gu2An559mk-00655-00182549-00182791 have also grown in size from about 10
4gu2An559mk-00656-00182792-00183136 people or fewer in the mid-1990s to 52
4gu2An559mk-00657-00183137-00183529 people per incident in 2004 China has
4gu2An559mk-00658-00183530-00183763 more relaxed environmental laws than
4gu2An559mk-00659-00183764-00183968 other countries in Asia so many
4gu2An559mk-00660-00183969-00184196 polluting factories have relocated to
4gu2An559mk-00661-00184197-00184510 China causing pollution in China
4gu2An559mk-00662-00184511-00184792 water pollution water scarcity soil
4gu2An559mk-00663-00184793-00185077 pollution soil degradation and desert if
4gu2An559mk-00664-00185078-00185263 occation are issues currently in
4gu2An559mk-00665-00185264-00185536 discussion in China the groundwater
4gu2An559mk-00666-00185537-00185749 table of the North China Plain is
4gu2An559mk-00667-00185750-00186070 dropping by 1.5 meters five feet per
4gu2An559mk-00668-00186071-00186394 year this groundwater table occurs in
4gu2An559mk-00669-00186395-00186694 the region of China that produces 40% of
4gu2An559mk-00670-00186695-00186994 the country's grain the Center for legal
4gu2An559mk-00671-00186995-00187234 assistance to pollution victims works to
4gu2An559mk-00672-00187235-00187455 confront legal issues associated with
4gu2An559mk-00673-00187456-00187705 environmental justice by hearing court
4gu2An559mk-00674-00187706-00187921 cases that expose the narratives of
4gu2An559mk-00675-00187922-00188166 victims of environmental pollution as
4gu2An559mk-00676-00188167-00188467 China continues domestic economic
4gu2An559mk-00677-00188468-00188692 reforms and integration into global
4gu2An559mk-00678-00188693-00188899 markets there emerge new linkages
4gu2An559mk-00679-00188900-00189151 between China's domestic environmental
4gu2An559mk-00680-00189152-00189436 degradation and global economic crisis
4gu2An559mk-00681-00189437-00189697 comparing the experience of China South
4gu2An559mk-00682-00189698-00189994 Korea Japan and Taiwan reveals that the
4gu2An559mk-00683-00189995-00190228 impact of environmental activism is
4gu2An559mk-00684-00190229-00190447 heavily modified by domestic political
4gu2An559mk-00685-00190448-00190699 context particularly the level of
4gu2An559mk-00686-00190700-00190951 integration of mass based protests and
4gu2An559mk-00687-00190952-00191311 policy advocacy NGOs hinted by the
4gu2An559mk-00688-00191312-00191536 history of neighboring Japan and South
4gu2An559mk-00689-00191537-00191827 Korea the possible convergence of NGOs
4gu2An559mk-00690-00191828-00192064 and anti-pollution protests will have
4gu2An559mk-00691-00192065-00192286 significant implications for Chinese
4gu2An559mk-00692-00192287-00192511 environmental politics in the coming
4gu2An559mk-00693-00192512-00192715 years
4gu2An559mk-00694-00192716-00193018 topic India environmental and public
4gu2An559mk-00695-00193019-00193207 health as an ongoing struggle within
4gu2An559mk-00696-00193208-00193525 India the first seed of an environmental
4gu2An559mk-00697-00193526-00193806 movement in India was the foundation in
4gu2An559mk-00698-00193807-00194152 1964 of - holy gram Swaraj assange a
4gu2An559mk-00699-00194153-00194395 labor co-operative started by condi
4gu2An559mk-00700-00194396-00194743 prasad bhatt it was inaugurated by suka
4gu2An559mk-00701-00194744-00194938 de Kriplani and founded on a land
4gu2An559mk-00702-00194939-00195121 donated by Shia Devi
4gu2An559mk-00703-00195122-00195412 this initiative was eventually followed
4gu2An559mk-00704-00195413-00195651 up with the Chipko movement starting in
4gu2An559mk-00705-00195652-00196018 1974 the most severe single event
4gu2An559mk-00706-00196019-00196228 underpinning the movement was the Bhopal
4gu2An559mk-00707-00196229-00196599 gas leakage on the 3rd of December 1984
4gu2An559mk-00708-00196600-00196909 40 tons of methyl isocyanate was
4gu2An559mk-00709-00196910-00197332 released immediately killing 2259 people
4gu2An559mk-00710-00197333-00197587 and ultimately affecting 700,000
4gu2An559mk-00711-00197588-00197670 citizens
4gu2An559mk-00712-00197671-00197977 India has a national campaign against
4gu2An559mk-00713-00197978-00198256 Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola plants due to
4gu2An559mk-00714-00198257-00198466 their practices of drawing groundwater
4gu2An559mk-00715-00198467-00198808 and contaminating fields with sludge the
4gu2An559mk-00716-00198809-00199024 movement is characterized by local
4gu2An559mk-00717-00199025-00199204 struggles against intensive aquaculture
4gu2An559mk-00718-00199205-00199540 farms the most influential part of the
4gu2An559mk-00719-00199541-00199768 environmental movement in India as the
4gu2An559mk-00720-00199769-00200089 anti dam movement dam creation has been
4gu2An559mk-00721-00200090-00200311 thought of as a way for India to catch
4gu2An559mk-00722-00200312-00200506 up with the West by connecting to the
4gu2An559mk-00723-00200507-00200761 power grid with giant dams coal or oil
4gu2An559mk-00724-00200762-00201124 powered plants or nuclear plants jolla
4gu2An559mk-00725-00201125-00201388 andolan a mass movement is conducting as
4gu2An559mk-00726-00201389-00201631 fighting against polyethylene carry bags
4gu2An559mk-00727-00201632-00201877 uses and promoting cloth jute paper
4gu2An559mk-00728-00201878-00202126 carry bags to protect environment and
4gu2An559mk-00729-00202127-00202396 nature activists in the indian
4gu2An559mk-00730-00202397-00202639 environmental movement consider global
4gu2An559mk-00731-00202640-00202912 warming sea levels rising and glaciers
4gu2An559mk-00732-00202913-00203095 retreating decreasing the amount of
4gu2An559mk-00733-00203096-00203302 water flowing into streams to be the
4gu2An559mk-00734-00203303-00203515 biggest challenges for them to face in
4gu2An559mk-00735-00203516-00203884 the early 21st century eco revolution
4gu2An559mk-00736-00203885-00204109 movement has been started by eco needs
4gu2An559mk-00737-00204110-00204390 foundation in 2008 from Aurangabad
4gu2An559mk-00738-00204391-00204619 Maharashtra State the pioneer of
4gu2An559mk-00739-00204620-00204853 eco revolution movement is Professor
4gu2An559mk-00740-00204854-00205126 Priya Nanda Gayle more than 20,000 users
4gu2An559mk-00741-00205127-00205300 associated with this movement to
4gu2An559mk-00742-00205301-00205488 strengthen this movement eco needs
4gu2An559mk-00743-00205489-00205777 foundation organized mass environmental
4gu2An559mk-00744-00205778-00205942 awareness programmes
4gu2An559mk-00745-00205944-00206242 to sought participation of children use
4gu2An559mk-00746-00206244-00206467 researchers spiritual and political
4gu2An559mk-00747-00206469-00206694 leaders Foundation had conducted
4gu2An559mk-00748-00206696-00206969 international conferences at India eco
4gu2An559mk-00749-00206969-00207244 Revolution 2011 which concluded with our
4gu2An559mk-00750-00207246-00207538 ngoba declaration for River conservation
4gu2An559mk-00751-00207539-00207875 eco revolution 2012 conference was
4gu2An559mk-00752-00207876-00208121 conducted in Sri Lanka which concluded
4gu2An559mk-00753-00208121-00208358 with Colombo Declaration on spirituality
4gu2An559mk-00754-00208359-00208607 for environmental conservation in
4gu2An559mk-00755-00208608-00208867 collaboration with Sri Lanka government
4gu2An559mk-00756-00208867-00209237 eco revolution 2013 was conducted at
4gu2An559mk-00757-00209238-00209462 Nepal which concluded with the folk our
4gu2An559mk-00758-00209463-00209705 declaration for effective climate change
4gu2An559mk-00759-00209706-00209957 at high altitude foundation launched the
4gu2An559mk-00760-00209958-00210164 world's first environmental social
4gu2An559mk-00761-00210165-00210584 networking site eco phase i n foundation
4gu2An559mk-00762-00210585-00210767 developed model of sustainable
4gu2An559mk-00763-00210767-00211010 development at Donora village of Dholpur
4gu2An559mk-00764-00211011-00211265 rajasthan is an India's first smart
4gu2An559mk-00765-00211266-00211601 village eco needs foundation started
4gu2An559mk-00766-00211602-00211841 world rights to water day the 20th of
4gu2An559mk-00767-00211842-00212162 March 2017
4gu2An559mk-00768-00212163-00212438 topic Bangladesh Mithun Roy Chowdhury
4gu2An559mk-00769-00212439-00212828 president save nature and wildlife snw
4gu2An559mk-00770-00212829-00213077 Bangladesh insisted that the people of
4gu2An559mk-00771-00213078-00213284 Bangladesh raised their voice against
4gu2An559mk-00772-00213285-00213512 Tippi mcdhh am being constructed by the
4gu2An559mk-00773-00213513-00213644 government of India
4gu2An559mk-00774-00213644-00213944 he said tip I'm ik dam project will be
4gu2An559mk-00775-00213944-00214166 another deathtrap for Bangladesh like
4gu2An559mk-00776-00214167-00214358 the Farakka barrage that would lead to
4gu2An559mk-00777-00214359-00214619 an environmental disaster 450 million
4gu2An559mk-00778-00214619-00214952 people in the Meghna River Basin he said
4gu2An559mk-00779-00214953-00215162 that this project will start desert if
4gu2An559mk-00780-00215163-00215798 ocation in Bangladesh
4gu2An559mk-00781-00215800-00216663 topic Africa
4gu2An559mk-00782-00216664-00217586 topic South Africa
4gu2An559mk-00783-00217587-00218482 topic Oceania
4gu2An559mk-00784-00218483-00219352 topic Australia
4gu2An559mk-00785-00219353-00219904 topic New Zealand
4gu2An559mk-00786-00219905-00220260 you
4gu2An559mk-00787-00220261-00220884 topic scope of the movement
4gu2An559mk-00788-00220885-00221125 environmental science as the study of
4gu2An559mk-00789-00221126-00221319 the interactions among the physical
4gu2An559mk-00790-00221321-00221566 chemical and biological components of
4gu2An559mk-00791-00221567-00221898 the environment ecology or ecological
4gu2An559mk-00792-00221900-00222178 science is the scientific study of the
4gu2An559mk-00793-00222179-00222400 distribution and abundance of living
4gu2An559mk-00794-00222401-00222601 organisms and how these properties are
4gu2An559mk-00795-00222602-00222823 affected by interactions between the
4gu2An559mk-00796-00222823-00223490 organisms and their environment
4gu2An559mk-00797-00223491-00224096 topic primary focus points
4gu2An559mk-00798-00224096-00224359 the environmental movement has broad in
4gu2An559mk-00799-00224360-00224567 scope and can include any topic related
4gu2An559mk-00800-00224567-00224833 to the environment conservation and
4gu2An559mk-00801-00224834-00225085 biology as well as preservation of
4gu2An559mk-00802-00225086-00225344 landscapes flora and fauna for a variety
4gu2An559mk-00803-00225344-00225694 of purposes and uses see list of
4gu2An559mk-00804-00225696-00225962 environmental issues when an act of
4gu2An559mk-00805-00225963-00226187 violence is committed against someone or
4gu2An559mk-00806-00226188-00226359 some institution in the name of
4gu2An559mk-00807-00226360-00226589 Environmental Defense it is referred to
4gu2An559mk-00808-00226590-00226955 as eco-terrorism the conservation
4gu2An559mk-00809-00226956-00227204 movement seeks to protect natural areas
4gu2An559mk-00810-00227205-00227438 for sustainable consumption as well as
4gu2An559mk-00811-00227439-00227690 traditional hunting fishing trapping and
4gu2An559mk-00812-00227691-00228065 spiritual use environmental conservation
4gu2An559mk-00813-00228066-00228346 as the process in which one is involved
4gu2An559mk-00814-00228348-00228571 in conserving the natural aspects of the
4gu2An559mk-00815-00228573-00228788 environment whether through
4gu2An559mk-00816-00228789-00228892 reforestation
4gu2An559mk-00817-00228894-00229123 recycling or Pollution Control
4gu2An559mk-00818-00229123-00229391 environmental conservation sustains the
4gu2An559mk-00819-00229392-00229754 natural quality of life environmental
4gu2An559mk-00820-00229755-00229933 health movement dates at least two
4gu2An559mk-00821-00229934-00230167 Progressive Era and focuses on urban
4gu2An559mk-00822-00230169-00230402 standards like clean water efficient
4gu2An559mk-00823-00230403-00230648 sewage handling and stable population
4gu2An559mk-00824-00230648-00230956 growth environmental health could also
4gu2An559mk-00825-00230957-00231200 deal with nutrition preventive medicine
4gu2An559mk-00826-00231201-00231457 aging and other concerns specific to
4gu2An559mk-00827-00231458-00231748 human well-being environmental health
4gu2An559mk-00828-00231750-00231977 has also seen as an indicator for the
4gu2An559mk-00829-00231978-00232175 state of the environment or an early
4gu2An559mk-00830-00232176-00232379 warning system for what may happen to
4gu2An559mk-00831-00232380-00232705 humans environmental justice as a
4gu2An559mk-00832-00232706-00232937 movement that began in the u.s. in the
4gu2An559mk-00833-00232938-00233209 1980s and seeks an end to environmental
4gu2An559mk-00834-00233210-00233446 racism and prevent low-income and
4gu2An559mk-00835-00233448-00233692 minority communities from an unbalanced
4gu2An559mk-00836-00233694-00233944 exposure to highways garbage dumps and
4gu2An559mk-00837-00233946-00234217 factories the environmental justice
4gu2An559mk-00838-00234219-00234534 movement seeks to link social and
4gu2An559mk-00839-00234535-00234973 ecological environmental concerns while
4gu2An559mk-00840-00234975-00235198 at the same time preventing de facto
4gu2An559mk-00841-00235200-00235510 racism and classism this makes it
4gu2An559mk-00842-00235511-00235681 particularly adequate for the
4gu2An559mk-00843-00235682-00235873 construction of labor environmental
4gu2An559mk-00844-00235875-00236069 alliances
4gu2An559mk-00845-00236069-00236308 ecology movement could involve the Gaia
4gu2An559mk-00846-00236309-00236554 theory as well as value of Earth and
4gu2An559mk-00847-00236555-00236750 other interactions between humans
4gu2An559mk-00848-00236751-00237142 science and responsibility bright green
4gu2An559mk-00849-00237142-00237378 environmentalism as a currently popular
4gu2An559mk-00850-00237379-00238692 submandibular
4gu2An559mk-00851-00238694-00238994 green and dark green environmentalism
4gu2An559mk-00852-00238994-00239254 are yet other sub movements respectively
4gu2An559mk-00853-00239255-00239482 distinguished by seeing environmentalism
4gu2An559mk-00854-00239483-00239741 as a lifestyle choice light greens and
4gu2An559mk-00855-00239742-00239953 promoting reduction in human numbers
4gu2An559mk-00856-00239954-00240176 and/or a relinquishment of technology
4gu2An559mk-00857-00240177-00240527 dark greens deep ecology as an
4gu2An559mk-00858-00240528-00240746 ideological spin-off of the ecology
4gu2An559mk-00859-00240746-00240977 movement that views the diversity and
4gu2An559mk-00860-00240978-00241238 integrity of the planetary ecosystem in
4gu2An559mk-00861-00241239-00241621 and for itself as its primary value the
4gu2An559mk-00862-00241623-00241879 anti-nuclear movement opposes the use of
4gu2An559mk-00863-00241880-00242182 various nuclear technologies the initial
4gu2An559mk-00864-00242183-00242407 anti-nuclear objective was nuclear
4gu2An559mk-00865-00242408-00242669 disarmament and later the focus began to
4gu2An559mk-00866-00242669-00242912 shift to other issues mainly opposition
4gu2An559mk-00867-00242913-00243203 to the use of nuclear power there have
4gu2An559mk-00868-00243204-00243367 been many large anti-nuclear
4gu2An559mk-00869-00243369-00243650 demonstrations and protests major
4gu2An559mk-00870-00243651-00243931 anti-nuclear groups include campaign for
4gu2An559mk-00871-00243932-00244171 nuclear disarmament Friends of the Earth
4gu2An559mk-00872-00244173-00244417 Greenpeace international physicians for
4gu2An559mk-00873-00244419-00244625 the Prevention of nuclear war and the
4gu2An559mk-00874-00244626-00245398 nuclear information and resource service
4gu2An559mk-00875-00245398-00246412 topic environmental law and theory
4gu2An559mk-00876-00246413-00246969 topic property rights
4gu2An559mk-00877-00246971-00247264 many environmental lawsuits question the
4gu2An559mk-00878-00247265-00247465 legal rights of property owners and
4gu2An559mk-00879-00247466-00247648 whether the general public has a right
4gu2An559mk-00880-00247648-00247903 to intervene with detrimental practices
4gu2An559mk-00881-00247904-00248169 occurring on someone else's land
4gu2An559mk-00882-00248169-00248416 environmental law organizations exist
4gu2An559mk-00883-00248417-00248629 all across the world such as the
4gu2An559mk-00884-00248630-00248896 Environmental Law and Policy Center in
4gu2An559mk-00885-00248896-00249565 the Midwestern United States
4gu2An559mk-00886-00249566-00250123 topic citizens rights
4gu2An559mk-00887-00250125-00250346 one of the earliest lawsuits to
4gu2An559mk-00888-00250346-00250573 establish that citizens may sue for
4gu2An559mk-00889-00250575-00250805 environmental and esthetic harms with
4gu2An559mk-00890-00250806-00251063 scenic Hudson preservation conference V
4gu2An559mk-00891-00251064-00251438 federal Power Commission decided in 1965
4gu2An559mk-00892-00251439-00251621 by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals
4gu2An559mk-00893-00251621-00251959 the case helped halt the construction of
4gu2An559mk-00894-00251960-00252200 a power plant on storm king mountain in
4gu2An559mk-00895-00252201-00252530 New York State see also United States
4gu2An559mk-00896-00252531-00252773 environmental law in David Steve an
4gu2An559mk-00897-00252773-00253494 attorney who was involved in the case
4gu2An559mk-00898-00253494-00254044 topic nature's rights
4gu2An559mk-00899-00254046-00254478 Christopher D Stone's 1972 essay should
4gu2An559mk-00900-00254479-00254781 trees have standing address the question
4gu2An559mk-00901-00254782-00255003 of whether natural objects themselves
4gu2An559mk-00902-00255004-00255296 should have legal rights in the essay
4gu2An559mk-00903-00255298-00255534 Stone suggests that his argument is
4gu2An559mk-00904-00255535-00255714 valid because many current rights
4gu2An559mk-00905-00255715-00255978 holders women children were once seen as
4gu2An559mk-00906-00255979-00256567 objects
4gu2An559mk-00907-00256567-00257233 topic environmental reactive ism
4gu2An559mk-00908-00257234-00257473 numerous criticisms and ethical
4gu2An559mk-00909-00257473-00257710 ambiguities have led to growing concerns
4gu2An559mk-00910-00257711-00257938 about technology including the use of
4gu2An559mk-00911-00257939-00258192 potentially harmful pesticides water
4gu2An559mk-00912-00258194-00258388 additives like fluoride and the
4gu2An559mk-00913-00258389-00258514 extremely dangerous
4gu2An559mk-00914-00258515-00258889 ethanol processing plants NIMBY syndrome
4gu2An559mk-00915-00258890-00259129 refers to public outcry caused by
4gu2An559mk-00916-00259130-00259336 knee-jerk reaction to an unwillingness
4gu2An559mk-00917-00259337-00259555 to be exposed to even necessary
4gu2An559mk-00918-00259556-00259917 development some serious biologists and
4gu2An559mk-00919-00259919-00260152 ecologists created the scientific
4gu2An559mk-00920-00260153-00260386 ecology movement which would not confuse
4gu2An559mk-00921-00260387-00260590 empirical data with visions of a
4gu2An559mk-00922-00260591-00261280 desirable future world
4gu2An559mk-00923-00261281-00261921 topic environmentalism today
4gu2An559mk-00924-00261921-00262205 today the sciences of ecology and
4gu2An559mk-00925-00262206-00262452 environmental science in addition to any
4gu2An559mk-00926-00262453-00262682 aesthetic goals provide the basis of
4gu2An559mk-00927-00262683-00262868 unity to some of the serious
4gu2An559mk-00928-00262869-00263190 environmentalists as more information is
4gu2An559mk-00929-00263191-00263421 gathered in scientific fields more
4gu2An559mk-00930-00263422-00263691 scientific issues like biodiversity as
4gu2An559mk-00931-00263692-00263940 opposed to mere aesthetics are a concern
4gu2An559mk-00932-00263941-00264249 to environmentalists conservation
4gu2An559mk-00933-00264250-00264599 biology as a rapidly developing field in
4gu2An559mk-00934-00264600-00264900 recent years the environmental movement
4gu2An559mk-00935-00264901-00265085 has increasingly focused on global
4gu2An559mk-00936-00265086-00265370 warming as one of the top issues as
4gu2An559mk-00937-00265371-00265671 concerns about climate change moved more
4gu2An559mk-00938-00265672-00265887 into the mainstream from the connections
4gu2An559mk-00939-00265888-00266079 drawn between global warming and
4gu2An559mk-00940-00266080-00266384 Hurricane Katrina to all Gore's 2006
4gu2An559mk-00941-00266385-00266613 documentary film An Inconvenient Truth
4gu2An559mk-00942-00266614-00266841 more and more environmental groups
4gu2An559mk-00943-00266842-00267155 refocused their efforts in the United
4gu2An559mk-00944-00267156-00267434 States 2007 witnessed the largest
4gu2An559mk-00945-00267435-00267672 grassroots environmental demonstration
4gu2An559mk-00946-00267673-00267750 in years
4gu2An559mk-00947-00267751-00268097 step it up 2007 with rallies in over
4gu2An559mk-00948-00268098-00268401 1,400 communities in all 50 states for
4gu2An559mk-00949-00268402-00268644 real global warming solutions many
4gu2An559mk-00950-00268645-00268890 religious organizations and individual
4gu2An559mk-00951-00268891-00269084 churches now have programs and
4gu2An559mk-00952-00269085-00269277 activities dedicated to environmental
4gu2An559mk-00953-00269278-00269640 issues the religious movement is often
4gu2An559mk-00954-00269641-00269823 supported by interpretation of
4gu2An559mk-00955-00269824-00270078 scriptures most major religious groups
4gu2An559mk-00956-00270079-00270371 are represented including Jewish Islamic
4gu2An559mk-00957-00270372-00270677 Anglican Orthodox Evangelical
4gu2An559mk-00958-00270678-00271447 Zoroastrian Christian and Catholic
4gu2An559mk-00959-00271448-00271884 topic radical environmentalism
4gu2An559mk-00960-00271885-00272103 you
4gu2An559mk-00961-00272104-00272403 radical environmentalism emerged from an
4gu2An559mk-00962-00272404-00272643 eco centrism based frustration with the
4gu2An559mk-00963-00272644-00272894 co-option of mainstream environmentalism
4gu2An559mk-00964-00272895-00273183 the radical environmental movement
4gu2An559mk-00965-00273184-00273402 aspires to what scholar Christopher
4gu2An559mk-00966-00273403-00273720 Mane's calls a new kind of environmental
4gu2An559mk-00967-00273721-00274067 activism iconoclastic in compromising
4gu2An559mk-00968-00274068-00274260 discontented with traditional
4gu2An559mk-00969-00274261-00274728 conservation policy at times illegal
4gu2An559mk-00970-00274729-00275038 radical environmentalism presupposes a
4gu2An559mk-00971-00275039-00275281 need to reconsider Western ideas of
4gu2An559mk-00972-00275282-00275491 religion and philosophy including
4gu2An559mk-00973-00275492-00275757 capitalism patriarchy and globalization
4gu2An559mk-00974-00275758-00276099 sometimes through Ries AK realizing and
4gu2An559mk-00975-00276100-00276345 reconnecting with nature
4gu2An559mk-00976-00276346-00276619 Greenpeace represents an organization
4gu2An559mk-00977-00276620-00276793 with a radical approach but has
4gu2An559mk-00978-00276794-00277027 contributed in serious ways towards
4gu2An559mk-00979-00277028-00277267 understanding of critical issues and has
4gu2An559mk-00980-00277268-00277501 a science oriented core with radicalism
4gu2An559mk-00981-00277502-00277867 as a means to media exposure groups like
4gu2An559mk-00982-00277868-00278068 Earth first take a much more radical
4gu2An559mk-00983-00278069-00278377 posture some radical environmentalist
4gu2An559mk-00984-00278378-00278593 groups like Earth first and the Earth
4gu2An559mk-00985-00278594-00278875 Liberation Front illegally sabotage or
4gu2An559mk-00986-00278876-00279595 destroy infrastructural capital
4gu2An559mk-00987-00279596-00280166 topic criticisms
4gu2An559mk-00988-00280167-00280387 conservative critics of the movement
4gu2An559mk-00989-00280388-00280652 characterize it as radical and misguided
4gu2An559mk-00990-00280653-00280908 especially critics of the United States
4gu2An559mk-00991-00280909-00281145 Endangered Species Act which has come
4gu2An559mk-00992-00281146-00281367 under scrutiny lately and the Clean Air
4gu2An559mk-00993-00281368-00281559 Act which they said conflict with
4gu2An559mk-00994-00281560-00281763 private property rights corporate
4gu2An559mk-00995-00281764-00281916 profits and the nation's overall
4gu2An559mk-00996-00281917-00282276 economic growth critics also challenged
4gu2An559mk-00997-00282277-00282483 the scientific evidence for global
4gu2An559mk-00998-00282484-00282540 warming
4gu2An559mk-00999-00282541-00282762 they argued that the environmental
4gu2An559mk-01000-00282763-00282963 movement has diverted attention from
4gu2An559mk-01001-00282964-00283244 more pressing issues
4gu2An559mk-01002-00283245-00283643 equals equals see also
4knNIxYedsc-00000-00000000-00000281 ahora vamos a prior el tema de
4knNIxYedsc-00001-00000282-00000463 transparency on poco mas amplio see
4knNIxYedsc-00002-00000463-00001991 Daniel buen dia compañeros company eres
4knNIxYedsc-00003-00001992-00002258 I will not speak in Spanish although I
4knNIxYedsc-00004-00002259-00002480 like very much how Richard yesterday had
4knNIxYedsc-00005-00002481-00002705 his presentation was just nice English
4knNIxYedsc-00006-00002706-00002972 oh wait just a second sagar a casa
4knNIxYedsc-00007-00002973-00003265 anoche en glaze eat an Oreo a koe no ask
4knNIxYedsc-00008-00003266-00003554 asakurahannahda no SI alguien osita
4knNIxYedsc-00009-00003554-00004067 traducción al casiano or catalana ok so
4knNIxYedsc-00010-00004068-00004304 I will not speak in spanish and i don't
4knNIxYedsc-00011-00004305-00004502 have this nice American accent when I
4knNIxYedsc-00012-00004503-00004925 speak Spanish either so what I will do I
4knNIxYedsc-00013-00004926-00005135 will briefly introduce the open
4knNIxYedsc-00014-00005136-00005279 knowledge foundation which I'm working
4knNIxYedsc-00015-00005280-00005506 for for those of you who don't know us
4knNIxYedsc-00016-00005507-00005792 and I will also tell you what you could
4knNIxYedsc-00017-00005793-00006113 do with us and then I will bring her
4knNIxYedsc-00018-00006114-00006475 spotlight on the role of open data for
4knNIxYedsc-00019-00006476-00006617 transparency and accountability
4knNIxYedsc-00020-00006618-00006884 basically so about me I have a
4knNIxYedsc-00021-00006884-00007052 background in computer science media
4knNIxYedsc-00022-00007053-00007184 science and I'm working for the open
4knNIxYedsc-00023-00007184-00007544 knowledge foundation since 2009 with a
4knNIxYedsc-00024-00007545-00007684 focus on open government transparency
4knNIxYedsc-00025-00007686-00007919 and participation about the foundation
4knNIxYedsc-00026-00007920-00008146 we're nonprofit promoting openers in all
4knNIxYedsc-00027-00008147-00008399 its forms so our sub slogan is like from
4knNIxYedsc-00028-00008400-00008621 sonnets to statistics from jeans to geo
4knNIxYedsc-00029-00008622-00008855 data so we really don't only want to
4knNIxYedsc-00030-00008856-00009035 focus on government data but we want all
4knNIxYedsc-00031-00009036-00009271 this data information and knowledge to
4knNIxYedsc-00032-00009272-00009566 be open we fill tools in community for
4knNIxYedsc-00033-00009567-00009835 everybody to use create chair mix
4knNIxYedsc-00034-00009836-00010412 knowledge continent data free free for
4knNIxYedsc-00035-00010413-00010699 any purposes we are becoming a global
4knNIxYedsc-00036-00010700-00010895 network so there's five chapters in the
4knNIxYedsc-00037-00010896-00011035 UK in Germany Austria Belgium
4knNIxYedsc-00038-00011036-00011278 Switzerland and there's about a dozen of
4knNIxYedsc-00039-00011279-00011453 chapter incubating all around the world
4knNIxYedsc-00040-00011454-00011720 including Spain but also places like
4knNIxYedsc-00041-00011721-00012059 Greece India South America South Africa
4knNIxYedsc-00042-00012060-00012398 Bosnia and Finland but more important
4knNIxYedsc-00043-00012399-00012538 than the chapters is really the working
4knNIxYedsc-00044-00012539-00012698 group so i encourage you to have a look
4knNIxYedsc-00045-00012699-00012985 on ok of n dot org slash working groups
4knNIxYedsc-00046-00012986-00013232 and you will find we have about two
4knNIxYedsc-00047-00013233-00013358 thousands of working group there
4knNIxYedsc-00048-00013359-00013555 open some of them are big some of them
4knNIxYedsc-00049-00013556-00013688 are small some of them are very active
4knNIxYedsc-00050-00013688-00013955 some to not just have a look if you're
4knNIxYedsc-00051-00013956-00014252 interested in one of them please join we
4knNIxYedsc-00052-00014253-00014393 build communities so we do a lot of
4knNIxYedsc-00053-00014394-00014647 events open government data cam or your
4knNIxYedsc-00054-00014648-00014878 knowledge festival or the of knowledge
4knNIxYedsc-00055-00014879-00015235 conference and some of them are huge
4knNIxYedsc-00056-00015236-00015482 yeah please have a look and join our
4knNIxYedsc-00057-00015483-00015815 conferences we'd also do competitions so
4knNIxYedsc-00058-00015816-00016055 this was the open data challenge was the
4knNIxYedsc-00059-00016056-00016352 first pan European competition reusing
4knNIxYedsc-00060-00016353-00016565 open government data which resulted in
4knNIxYedsc-00061-00016566-00016880 modern 430 entries from all European
4knNIxYedsc-00062-00016881-00017066 member states and some little prize
4knNIxYedsc-00063-00017067-00017444 money there and we also do tools so we
4knNIxYedsc-00064-00017445-00017702 produce software like seachem and that's
4knNIxYedsc-00065-00017703-00017894 actually a tool for governments to
4knNIxYedsc-00066-00017895-00018100 publish data on the web so it's a
4knNIxYedsc-00067-00018101-00018475 content management system for data and
4knNIxYedsc-00068-00018476-00018694 it features government portal like beta
4knNIxYedsc-00069-00018695-00018997 Goff UK and from some other countries
4knNIxYedsc-00070-00018998-00019277 like Brazil Finland Norway and we do
4knNIxYedsc-00071-00019278-00019475 also work on tools for visualization
4knNIxYedsc-00072-00019476-00019700 maybe you've seen open spending which is
4knNIxYedsc-00073-00019701-00019886 an open source software tool you can use
4knNIxYedsc-00074-00019887-00020134 to visualize and analyze spending and
4knNIxYedsc-00075-00020135-00020339 budget data it's also used by some
4knNIxYedsc-00076-00020340-00020497 governments around the world already and
4knNIxYedsc-00077-00020498-00020737 but we don't only focus on government
4knNIxYedsc-00078-00020738-00021002 data but also on all other kinds of
4knNIxYedsc-00079-00021003-00021191 information data so for example this is
4knNIxYedsc-00080-00021192-00021412 one of our newest initiatives is called
4knNIxYedsc-00081-00021413-00021622 open glam clamors for galleries
4knNIxYedsc-00082-00021623-00021862 libraries archives and museums and we
4knNIxYedsc-00083-00021863-00022052 work together with these institutions to
4knNIxYedsc-00084-00022053-00022240 help them to actually open up the data
4knNIxYedsc-00085-00022241-00022769 for reuse and we also do work on period
4knNIxYedsc-00086-00022770-00022949 so we setting standards maybe you have
4knNIxYedsc-00087-00022950-00023168 spotted the open definition which is
4knNIxYedsc-00088-00023169-00023414 kind of a meter license in which we
4knNIxYedsc-00089-00023415-00023608 define what we really mean by open and
4knNIxYedsc-00090-00023609-00023912 you can use this the definition to
4knNIxYedsc-00091-00023913-00024175 compare different licenses being a
4knNIxYedsc-00092-00024176-00024308 Creative Commons license or other
4knNIxYedsc-00093-00024309-00024550 licenses to their degree of openness and
4knNIxYedsc-00094-00024551-00024902 for their compliance and we do promote
4knNIxYedsc-00095-00024903-00025265 open data and we do all to do guidelines
4knNIxYedsc-00096-00025266-00025534 so for people interested in opening up
4knNIxYedsc-00097-00025535-00025712 data we have created this open data
4knNIxYedsc-00098-00025713-00025990 handbook it's an online tool which gives
4knNIxYedsc-00099-00025991-00026264 like step-by-step introductions how to
4knNIxYedsc-00100-00026264-00026498 actually open up data and we do also
4knNIxYedsc-00101-00026499-00026681 training this is also very new project
4knNIxYedsc-00102-00026682-00026864 it's called the school of data together
4knNIxYedsc-00103-00026864-00027080 with the p2p University it's a free
4knNIxYedsc-00104-00027081-00027251 online course that everybody can enroll
4knNIxYedsc-00105-00027252-00027494 and get your hands dirty was actually
4knNIxYedsc-00106-00027495-00027875 wrangling with the data okay that's so
4knNIxYedsc-00107-00027876-00028170 far the promotion for my from a little
4knNIxYedsc-00108-00028172-00028451 NGO that I'm working for now I want to
4knNIxYedsc-00109-00028452-00028649 have a look on the role of open
4knNIxYedsc-00110-00028650-00028769 government data for transparency
4knNIxYedsc-00111-00028770-00029162 obviously and just to recap data is not
4knNIxYedsc-00112-00029163-00029342 immune to by itself it's actually data
4knNIxYedsc-00113-00029343-00029608 is really boring and it only becomes
4knNIxYedsc-00114-00029610-00029939 useful if it is used by people if its
4knNIxYedsc-00115-00029939-00030133 context lies if it's used for
4knNIxYedsc-00116-00030135-00030317 transparency and these are the purposes
4knNIxYedsc-00117-00030318-00030662 and to be reusable data needs to be
4knNIxYedsc-00118-00030663-00030947 technically and legally open and as I
4knNIxYedsc-00119-00030948-00031154 said the open definition kind of gives a
4knNIxYedsc-00120-00031155-00031298 guideline what we really mean by open
4knNIxYedsc-00121-00031299-00031616 technically and legally but to sum it up
4knNIxYedsc-00122-00031617-00031838 it's a piece of content or data is open
4knNIxYedsc-00123-00031839-00032114 if anyone is free to use it for any
4knNIxYedsc-00124-00032114-00032750 purposes without any restrictions and i
4knNIxYedsc-00125-00032751-00032924 know you have seen this already and i
4knNIxYedsc-00126-00032925-00033134 don't really don't be boring but why why
4knNIxYedsc-00127-00033135-00033332 open government data matters is really
4knNIxYedsc-00128-00033333-00033542 it's really i think an interesting thing
4knNIxYedsc-00129-00033543-00033857 to look at briefly to recap it support
4knNIxYedsc-00130-00033858-00034025 citizens to hold the god of governments
4knNIxYedsc-00131-00034026-00034301 to account it supports citizens to
4knNIxYedsc-00132-00034302-00034628 better understand why how and why policy
4knNIxYedsc-00133-00034629-00034835 decisions are made it supports citizens
4knNIxYedsc-00134-00034836-00035012 also to make themselves informed
4knNIxYedsc-00135-00035013-00035318 decisions and to engage was with their
4knNIxYedsc-00136-00035319-00035450 governments and play active role in
4knNIxYedsc-00137-00035451-00035636 society but it also supports
4knNIxYedsc-00138-00035637-00035894 government's public administration to
4knNIxYedsc-00139-00035895-00036182 make better decisions and does increase
4knNIxYedsc-00140-00036183-00036344 efficiency and effectiveness in
4knNIxYedsc-00141-00036345-00036521 government and it also supports
4knNIxYedsc-00142-00036522-00036680 government citizens and other state
4knNIxYedsc-00143-00036681-00036974 players as stakeholders in society to
4knNIxYedsc-00144-00036975-00037130 actually collaborate and work together
4knNIxYedsc-00145-00037131-00037484 and find better solutions to to fix the
4knNIxYedsc-00146-00037485-00037892 problems we face in our society looking
4knNIxYedsc-00147-00037893-00038219 at this it almost looks like open data
4knNIxYedsc-00148-00038220-00038576 is the magic panic here that will you
4knNIxYedsc-00149-00038577-00038936 know stop climate change and eliminate
4knNIxYedsc-00150-00038937-00039176 corruption forever unfortunately that's
4knNIxYedsc-00151-00039177-00039425 not true open government data is more
4knNIxYedsc-00152-00039426-00039689 like a infrastructure and a prerequisite
4knNIxYedsc-00153-00039690-00039951 for transparency and accountability
4knNIxYedsc-00154-00039952-00040152 and for citizen engagement participation
4knNIxYedsc-00155-00040153-00040596 so unfortunately opening up and opening
4knNIxYedsc-00156-00040597-00040788 up government it is so important but
4knNIxYedsc-00157-00040789-00041067 unfortunately we want it's opened up the
4knNIxYedsc-00158-00041068-00041424 real work only begins so let's have a
4knNIxYedsc-00159-00041425-00041694 look on the state of play and on open
4knNIxYedsc-00160-00041695-00041931 government data you know there is quite
4knNIxYedsc-00161-00041932-00042111 a hype around open data open government
4knNIxYedsc-00162-00042112-00042414 and I think we have to manage
4knNIxYedsc-00163-00042415-00042672 expectations be realistic and also don't
4knNIxYedsc-00164-00042673-00042990 believe in the hype and of Knowledge
4knNIxYedsc-00165-00042991-00043248 Foundation has started global sensors to
4knNIxYedsc-00166-00043249-00043605 monitor the state of play on key data
4knNIxYedsc-00167-00043606-00043995 set so we have identified ten data sets
4knNIxYedsc-00168-00043996-00044208 that we consider really key to be opened
4knNIxYedsc-00169-00044209-00044364 in every country country around the
4knNIxYedsc-00170-00044365-00044658 world and unfortunately the survey shows
4knNIxYedsc-00171-00044659-00044952 that very very little of this data even
4knNIxYedsc-00172-00044953-00045300 in the pioneering company countries like
4knNIxYedsc-00173-00045301-00045744 Brazil like the UK like even the US most
4knNIxYedsc-00174-00045745-00046014 of these key essential data sets are not
4knNIxYedsc-00175-00046015-00046293 available as open data as of today so
4knNIxYedsc-00176-00046294-00046599 there's lots of work to do what's needed
4knNIxYedsc-00177-00046600-00046836 mmm Becky Hodge has actually done a
4knNIxYedsc-00178-00046837-00047082 study in 2010 it's called the open data
4knNIxYedsc-00179-00047083-00047325 study I recommend you read it and she
4knNIxYedsc-00180-00047326-00047499 has been a lot of interviews with
4knNIxYedsc-00181-00047500-00047714 practitioners from around the world and
4knNIxYedsc-00182-00047715-00048114 famous Tim berners-lee has given this
4knNIxYedsc-00183-00048115-00048420 boat for his successful open government
4knNIxYedsc-00184-00048421-00048648 data the implementation in the country
4knNIxYedsc-00185-00048649-00048891 it has to start from the top in the
4knNIxYedsc-00186-00048892-00049212 middle and from the bottom up so if one
4knNIxYedsc-00187-00049213-00049386 of these layers like the top political
4knNIxYedsc-00188-00049387-00049620 commitment or the engaged and
4knNIxYedsc-00189-00049621-00049827 well-resourced middle layer the skilled
4knNIxYedsc-00190-00049828-00050115 government officials and the bottom-up
4knNIxYedsc-00191-00050116-00050367 layer which is civil society and in
4knNIxYedsc-00192-00050368-00050658 particular these motivated what we call
4knNIxYedsc-00193-00050659-00050892 Civic hackers if one of these layers is
4knNIxYedsc-00194-00050893-00051108 not present your open government data
4knNIxYedsc-00195-00051109-00051506 initiative is going to fail most likely
4knNIxYedsc-00196-00051507-00051816 so what could that government do to get
4knNIxYedsc-00197-00051817-00052065 their data out there on the web first of
4knNIxYedsc-00198-00052066-00052188 all they have to understand that open
4knNIxYedsc-00199-00052189-00052360 government data is not a technical
4knNIxYedsc-00200-00052361-00052561 problem is it's really about a cultural
4knNIxYedsc-00201-00052562-00052743 change it's really about citizen
4knNIxYedsc-00202-00052744-00052909 engagement transparency and
4knNIxYedsc-00203-00052910-00053100 accountability
4knNIxYedsc-00204-00053101-00053350 you guys have maybe heard about the Open
4knNIxYedsc-00205-00053351-00053572 Government Partnership which is also a
4knNIxYedsc-00206-00053573-00053848 quite hopeful thing at this moment and I
4knNIxYedsc-00207-00053849-00054106 think it's a very powerful thing it has
4knNIxYedsc-00208-00054107-00054349 the potential to really amplify our
4knNIxYedsc-00209-00054350-00054676 efforts to get more data opened but it
4knNIxYedsc-00210-00054677-00055016 also introduces a certain risk which is
4knNIxYedsc-00211-00055016-00055279 this risk of you know governments just
4knNIxYedsc-00212-00055280-00055474 signing up ticking the box oh I've done
4knNIxYedsc-00213-00055475-00055784 this open thing now and without any real
4knNIxYedsc-00214-00055785-00056128 commitment so our friends from global
4knNIxYedsc-00215-00056129-00056435 integrity did an analysis of the open
4knNIxYedsc-00216-00056436-00056672 government action plans of the National
4knNIxYedsc-00217-00056673-00056905 Action Plans of participating countries
4knNIxYedsc-00218-00056906-00057105 in the Open Government Partnership and
4knNIxYedsc-00219-00057106-00057337 unsurprisingly they found that most
4knNIxYedsc-00220-00057338-00057491 governments really want to do
4knNIxYedsc-00221-00057491-00057730 egovernment they want to do this nice
4knNIxYedsc-00222-00057731-00057976 shiny little websites you know that look
4knNIxYedsc-00223-00057977-00058213 good and they want two ticks the box and
4knNIxYedsc-00224-00058214-00058519 say oh yeah we did this and most of them
4knNIxYedsc-00225-00058520-00058792 do not have any concrete commitments to
4knNIxYedsc-00226-00058793-00059029 serious legislative reforms such as
4knNIxYedsc-00227-00059030-00059309 freedom of information act such as
4knNIxYedsc-00228-00059310-00059557 anti-corruption measures and so on and
4knNIxYedsc-00229-00059558-00060028 so on so why is this and and the lesson
4knNIxYedsc-00230-00060029-00060187 learned and I think from this is really
4knNIxYedsc-00231-00060188-00060397 for governments we should tell them
4knNIxYedsc-00232-00060398-00060649 legislate down in a way government have
4knNIxYedsc-00233-00060650-00060805 never been good in innovating and I'm
4knNIxYedsc-00234-00060806-00061006 sorry for the government representatives
4knNIxYedsc-00235-00061007-00061228 in this room they're simply not good at
4knNIxYedsc-00236-00061229-00061426 it today what they should do they should
4knNIxYedsc-00237-00061427-00061678 focus on the legislative reforms it's
4knNIxYedsc-00238-00061679-00062128 necessary and to open government up and
4knNIxYedsc-00239-00062129-00062623 it's not creating shiny websites finally
4knNIxYedsc-00240-00062624-00062848 stating on that on that theme from tim
4knNIxYedsc-00241-00062849-00063076 from tim o'reilly government should
4knNIxYedsc-00242-00063077-00063280 publish their data become a platform and
4knNIxYedsc-00243-00063281-00063600 then let others do do the interfaces
4knNIxYedsc-00244-00063601-00063884 what we can do I mean we have seen so
4knNIxYedsc-00245-00063885-00064085 many examples good examples motivating
4knNIxYedsc-00246-00064086-00064271 examples this morning already we should
4knNIxYedsc-00247-00064272-00064440 fight corruption this is an example from
4knNIxYedsc-00248-00064441-00064810 Indonesia which is kind of a wiki to
4knNIxYedsc-00249-00064811-00065210 track corruption in the country it is
4knNIxYedsc-00250-00065211-00065434 really worse wise and we have seen
4knNIxYedsc-00251-00065435-00065680 increasing trend in parliamentarian
4knNIxYedsc-00252-00065681-00065941 monitoring organizations using open data
4knNIxYedsc-00253-00065942-00066191 and using ICT to hold their Parliament's
4knNIxYedsc-00254-00066192-00066362 and they're in peace to account this is
4knNIxYedsc-00255-00066363-00066518 an example from Poland which is really
4knNIxYedsc-00256-00066519-00066740 great but I'm sure here in Spain we have
4knNIxYedsc-00257-00066741-00067229 also seen great examples but one thing I
4knNIxYedsc-00258-00067230-00067424 think it's important here as well is
4knNIxYedsc-00259-00067425-00067631 that we should not always consider the
4knNIxYedsc-00260-00067632-00067906 government's to be our enemies because
4knNIxYedsc-00261-00067907-00068101 not all of them are bad there are people
4knNIxYedsc-00262-00068102-00068315 in governments that really want to do
4knNIxYedsc-00263-00068316-00068557 that you drop good they want to you know
4knNIxYedsc-00264-00068558-00068936 and do do their work for society and so
4knNIxYedsc-00265-00068937-00069181 we should identify our allies within the
4knNIxYedsc-00266-00069182-00069449 parliament it can actually help in this
4knNIxYedsc-00267-00069450-00069650 transfer motion process making
4knNIxYedsc-00268-00069651-00069832 government more open and I think a
4knNIxYedsc-00269-00069833-00070004 really good tool for helping
4knNIxYedsc-00270-00070005-00070166 Parliament's themselves to become more
4knNIxYedsc-00271-00070167-00070349 transparent is the Declaration of
4knNIxYedsc-00272-00070350-00070556 parliamentary openness which you can see
4knNIxYedsc-00273-00070557-00070892 it www opening Parliament at ork it's a
4knNIxYedsc-00274-00070893-00071096 very new initiatives and basically
4knNIxYedsc-00275-00071097-00071441 introduces I don't know 20 points or
4knNIxYedsc-00276-00071442-00071675 something like this very straightforward
4knNIxYedsc-00277-00071676-00071881 policy recommendations for Parliament's
4knNIxYedsc-00278-00071882-00072050 how to become more transparent and open
4knNIxYedsc-00279-00072051-00072287 if you haven't done so please have a
4knNIxYedsc-00280-00072288-00072487 look at this and promote it in Spain for
4knNIxYedsc-00281-00072488-00072706 the Spanish Parliament to become more
4knNIxYedsc-00282-00072707-00073288 open and and of course as I said before
4knNIxYedsc-00283-00073289-00073474 governments are not really good and
4knNIxYedsc-00284-00073475-00073679 providing all these services that we
4knNIxYedsc-00285-00073680-00073963 want so some of the best public services
4knNIxYedsc-00286-00073964-00074113 we have today and not built by
4knNIxYedsc-00287-00074114-00074350 governments anymore there anyway built
4knNIxYedsc-00288-00074351-00074557 by private companies or civil society or
4knNIxYedsc-00289-00074558-00074816 individuals best examples like fix my
4knNIxYedsc-00290-00074817-00075059 streets very well known and and tomorrow
4knNIxYedsc-00291-00075060-00075299 a lot of these services will go mobile
4knNIxYedsc-00292-00075300-00075590 which we should really not think and it
4knNIxYedsc-00293-00075591-00075878 wait for the government to do all these
4knNIxYedsc-00294-00075879-00076213 services for us so thank you I think we
4knNIxYedsc-00295-00076214-00076343 can do it and very much looking forward
4knNIxYedsc-00296-00076344-00076732 this positive agenda that we're going to
4knNIxYedsc-00297-00076733-00077024 develop as one part of this struggle to
4knNIxYedsc-00298-00077025-00077150 make our governments more open
4knNIxYedsc-00299-00077151-00077378 transparent thank you well don't go
4knNIxYedsc-00300-00077379-00077595 don't go questions questions
4knNIxYedsc-00301-00077596-00078353 a preguntar questions you talked about
4knNIxYedsc-00302-00078354-00078795 10 critical in key data sets you have a
4knNIxYedsc-00303-00078796-00079155 list of those sunset so we get that it's
4knNIxYedsc-00304-00079156-00079335 only it's only a start we don't we don't
4knNIxYedsc-00305-00079336-00079470 think that's the final list or something
4knNIxYedsc-00306-00079471-00079746 and if you go to sensors dot open
4knNIxYedsc-00307-00079747-00080031 government data org you will find the
4knNIxYedsc-00308-00080032-00080403 sets and the survey and there will also
4knNIxYedsc-00309-00080404-00080667 be like a form that you can help us to
4knNIxYedsc-00310-00080668-00081156 actually to get to complete the picture
4knNIxYedsc-00311-00081157-00081267 because we don't have the information
4knNIxYedsc-00312-00081268-00081588 for all countries now is the key can you
4knNIxYedsc-00313-00081589-00081804 repeat the side door it's open
4knNIxYedsc-00314-00081805-00082098 government data dot org and there is a
4knNIxYedsc-00315-00082099-00082428 link which is called census solo una
4knNIxYedsc-00316-00082429-00082566 pequeña named Otis okemo go la pregunta
4knNIxYedsc-00317-00082567-00082755 a UN compañeros lon des que hablar a
4knNIxYedsc-00318-00082756-00083100 esta tarde lego y estas flip ando que no
4knNIxYedsc-00319-00083101-00084659 se puede ver los frenos estas loco
4knNIxYedsc-00320-00084660-00084994 hello I wouldn't have liked to be in the
4knNIxYedsc-00321-00084995-00085193 job of the translator today with you
4knNIxYedsc-00322-00085194-00085387 because I was wondering if you could
4knNIxYedsc-00323-00085388-00085600 breathe because it was very very fast
4knNIxYedsc-00324-00085601-00085822 but very interesting I wanted to know
4knNIxYedsc-00325-00085823-00086155 how you interact with governments I mean
4knNIxYedsc-00326-00086156-00086396 from the open knowledge foundation do
4knNIxYedsc-00327-00086397-00086725 you have meetings with well we are
4knNIxYedsc-00328-00086726-00086926 basically organized in working groups
4knNIxYedsc-00329-00086927-00087029 and the working groups have a lot of
4knNIxYedsc-00330-00087030-00087230 autonomy so some of them choose to be
4knNIxYedsc-00331-00087231-00087416 quite confrontational with government
4knNIxYedsc-00332-00087417-00087637 for example give you one example from
4knNIxYedsc-00333-00087638-00087805 Germany we have a Freedom of Information
4knNIxYedsc-00334-00087806-00088022 request side and really governments
4knNIxYedsc-00335-00088023-00088217 don't like us to do this but on the
4knNIxYedsc-00336-00088218-00088369 other hand we have other activities in
4knNIxYedsc-00337-00088370-00088576 other working groups that focus on you
4knNIxYedsc-00338-00088577-00088813 know kind of consultation so yes we we
4knNIxYedsc-00339-00088814-00089147 talk with government we advise them we
4knNIxYedsc-00340-00089148-00089374 do workshops with them we try to help
4knNIxYedsc-00341-00089375-00089650 them basically but sometimes talking is
4knNIxYedsc-00342-00089651-00089869 not enough and then you have to do it
4knNIxYedsc-00343-00089870-00090053 yourself without asking for permissions
4knNIxYedsc-00344-00090054-00090301 and this sometimes more effective is
4knNIxYedsc-00345-00090302-00090538 that only in those five countries you
4knNIxYedsc-00346-00090539-00090797 mentioned in the beginning no the
4knNIxYedsc-00347-00090798-00090935 working groups are international anyway
4knNIxYedsc-00348-00090936-00091055 so for example we have a working group
4knNIxYedsc-00349-00091056-00091300 on open government data it's completely
4knNIxYedsc-00350-00091301-00091462 international so there's people from all
4knNIxYedsc-00351-00091463-00091726 around the world and but yes the
4knNIxYedsc-00352-00091727-00092054 countries that have chapters have more
4knNIxYedsc-00353-00092055-00092263 in most cases have established you know
4knNIxYedsc-00354-00092264-00092524 like a independent organization which
4knNIxYedsc-00355-00092525-00092849 has a relation and the signed memorandum
4knNIxYedsc-00356-00092850-00093074 of understanding with the international
4knNIxYedsc-00357-00093075-00093380 organization it's part of your objective
4knNIxYedsc-00358-00093381-00093580 to interact with government said yes
4knNIxYedsc-00359-00093581-00095476 thank you
4knNIxYedsc-00360-00095477-00095963 I'm just one very brief question about
4knNIxYedsc-00361-00095964-00096261 the open data in Spain we have a lot of
4knNIxYedsc-00362-00096262-00096531 different catalogs open data catalogs
4knNIxYedsc-00363-00096532-00096771 and they're very different so I'm not
4knNIxYedsc-00364-00096772-00096971 very good some other I've really bad
4knNIxYedsc-00365-00096972-00097388 we're trying to call for a
4knNIxYedsc-00366-00097389-00097707 standardization of those portals I don't
4knNIxYedsc-00367-00097708-00097911 know if you know of any other country
4knNIxYedsc-00368-00097912-00098088 where there are so many portals and so
4knNIxYedsc-00369-00098089-00098274 many difference between the portals and
4knNIxYedsc-00370-00098275-00098651 if you have any recommendation for us
4knNIxYedsc-00371-00098652-00098979 Thanks yeah that's a tricky question as
4knNIxYedsc-00372-00098980-00099159 set governments usually I'm not very
4knNIxYedsc-00373-00099160-00099348 good doing i.t and if they do ID then
4knNIxYedsc-00374-00099349-00099582 they spend a lot of money so I think
4knNIxYedsc-00375-00099583-00099788 it's really not so much a question of
4knNIxYedsc-00376-00099789-00100125 the catalog it sells because I mean to
4knNIxYedsc-00377-00100126-00100317 be honest data catalogues are pretty
4knNIxYedsc-00378-00100318-00100509 boring thing what they should what
4knNIxYedsc-00379-00100510-00100722 governs really should do is put the data
4knNIxYedsc-00380-00100723-00100974 on the web so it's technically open and
4knNIxYedsc-00381-00100975-00101232 legally open and the question what
4knNIxYedsc-00382-00101233-00101466 catalog they use I really don't care so
4knNIxYedsc-00383-00101467-00101916 much about oh hi sino hi I just wanted
4knNIxYedsc-00384-00101917-00102162 to say also for the audience cuz it
4knNIxYedsc-00385-00102163-00102399 might be useful several things as you
4knNIxYedsc-00386-00102400-00102624 mentioned we are a group of us is
4knNIxYedsc-00387-00102625-00102785 creating trying to create an open
4knNIxYedsc-00388-00102786-00102983 knowledge foundation chapter here in
4knNIxYedsc-00389-00102984-00103227 Spain and also trying to abrogate all
4knNIxYedsc-00390-00103228-00103394 these initiatives that we've seen this
4knNIxYedsc-00391-00103395-00103736 morning and that it would be useful if
4knNIxYedsc-00392-00103738-00104066 we create together a common future for
4knNIxYedsc-00393-00104067-00104486 Spain also you've mentioned the opening
4knNIxYedsc-00394-00104488-00104693 Parliament organ ish ative and actually
4knNIxYedsc-00395-00104694-00104891 there are two organizations in Spain
4knNIxYedsc-00396-00104892-00105229 that have actually signed these these
4knNIxYedsc-00397-00105230-00105507 agreements which is chaos and los
4knNIxYedsc-00398-00105508-00105774 diputados that we've just heard and also
4knNIxYedsc-00399-00105775-00105972 I'm sorry for the publicity to my
4knNIxYedsc-00400-00105973-00106271 organization but fundación sianeth evo
4knNIxYedsc-00401-00106272-00106586 and I've just been told and officially
4knNIxYedsc-00402-00106588-00106779 accessing for Europe who's talking next
4knNIxYedsc-00403-00106780-00107157 has also signed this initiative and on
4knNIxYedsc-00404-00107158-00107397 the other hand and just this is a sneak
4knNIxYedsc-00405-00107398-00107724 peek for all of you later in Spain the
4knNIxYedsc-00406-00107725-00107925 funda filthy Lana vivio has actually
4knNIxYedsc-00407-00107926-00108153 implemented one of the projects of the
4knNIxYedsc-00408-00108154-00108344 open knowledge foundation on
4knNIxYedsc-00409-00108345-00108658 spending so where does my money go for
4knNIxYedsc-00410-00108659-00108916 example the UK version and we have donde
4knNIxYedsc-00411-00108917-00109157 van missing boys dos puntos and I'm
4knNIxYedsc-00412-00109158-00109433 gonna present it next that's very cool
4knNIxYedsc-00413-00109433-00109654 thanks for this edition but I think it's
4knNIxYedsc-00414-00109655-00109849 really I mean it's really not only about
4knNIxYedsc-00415-00109850-00110147 having our our organizations like civil
4knNIxYedsc-00416-00110148-00110365 society to sign the the opening
4knNIxYedsc-00417-00110366-00110512 Parliament pledge but to go inside
4knNIxYedsc-00418-00110513-00110870 governments and identify these although
4knNIxYedsc-00419-00110871-00111107 it's only one or two but this chick to
4knNIxYedsc-00420-00111108-00111344 change agents these one or two open
4knNIxYedsc-00421-00111345-00111652 minded people inside governments to to
4knNIxYedsc-00422-00111653-00111886 get them excited about the idea of being
4knNIxYedsc-00423-00111888-00112204 more transparent and to maybe then yeah
4knNIxYedsc-00424-00112205-00112435 maybe you know we were still looking for
4knNIxYedsc-00425-00112436-00112595 for the first parliament in the world to
4knNIxYedsc-00426-00112596-00113041 actually on the right or how you call it
4knNIxYedsc-00427-00113042-00113365 in English yeah under signed the
4knNIxYedsc-00428-00113366-00113708 Declaration some of them are not
4knNIxYedsc-00429-00113708-00113989 performing that bad actually should we
4knNIxYedsc-00430-00113990-00114299 should also revoke the ones who are
4knNIxYedsc-00431-00114300-00114502 doing good even if they're only doing
4knNIxYedsc-00432-00114503-00114848 good and in some parts
4lhZPWyNgiE-00000-00000056-00000353 Mexican labor law governs the process by
4lhZPWyNgiE-00001-00000354-00000538 which workers in Mexico may organize
4lhZPWyNgiE-00002-00000539-00000754 labor unions engage in collective
4lhZPWyNgiE-00003-00000755-00001064 bargaining and strike current labor law
4lhZPWyNgiE-00004-00001065-00001265 reflects the historic interrelation
4lhZPWyNgiE-00005-00001266-00001460 between the state and the Confederation
4lhZPWyNgiE-00006-00001461-00001622 of Mexican workers the labor
4lhZPWyNgiE-00007-00001623-00001826 Confederation officially aligned with
4lhZPWyNgiE-00008-00001827-00002009 the Institutional Revolutionary Party
4lhZPWyNgiE-00009-00002010-00002291 the Institutional Revolutionary Party or
4lhZPWyNgiE-00010-00002292-00002360 PRI
4lhZPWyNgiE-00011-00002361-00002555 which ruled Mexico under various names
4lhZPWyNgiE-00012-00002556-00002921 for more than 70 years while the law on
4lhZPWyNgiE-00013-00002922-00003125 its face promises workers the right to
4lhZPWyNgiE-00014-00003126-00003352 strike and to organize in practice it
4lhZPWyNgiE-00015-00003353-00003532 makes it difficult or impossible for
4lhZPWyNgiE-00016-00003533-00003748 independent unions to organize while
4lhZPWyNgiE-00017-00003749-00003950 condoning the corrupt practices of many
4lhZPWyNgiE-00018-00003951-00004154 existing unions and the employers with
4lhZPWyNgiE-00019-00004155-00004736 which they deal
4lhZPWyNgiE-00020-00004737-00005390 topic history of Mexican labor law
4lhZPWyNgiE-00021-00005391-00005624 the current system originated in the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00022-00005625-00005975 Mexican Revolution of 1910 to 1920 which
4lhZPWyNgiE-00023-00005976-00006262 produced the constitution of 1917
4lhZPWyNgiE-00024-00006263-00006626 article 123 of that Constitution gave
4lhZPWyNgiE-00025-00006627-00006803 workers the right to organize labor
4lhZPWyNgiE-00026-00006804-00007091 unions and to strike it also provided
4lhZPWyNgiE-00027-00007092-00007304 protection for women and children the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00028-00007305-00007504 eight-hour day and a living wage
4lhZPWyNgiE-00029-00007505-00007772 the Constitution's promised rights
4lhZPWyNgiE-00030-00007773-00008003 however remained mere promises until
4lhZPWyNgiE-00031-00008004-00008270 1931 when the government enacted the lay
4lhZPWyNgiE-00032-00008271-00008516 federal de trabajo or federal labor law
4lhZPWyNgiE-00033-00008517-00008828 the LFT established gen des de
4lhZPWyNgiE-00034-00008829-00009101 conciliation Y arbitrage the boards of
4lhZPWyNgiE-00035-00009102-00009338 conciliation and arbitration made up of
4lhZPWyNgiE-00036-00009339-00009460 representatives of the government
4lhZPWyNgiE-00037-00009461-00010162 employers and labor unions
4lhZPWyNgiE-00038-00010163-00010873 topic organizing elections and strikes
4lhZPWyNgiE-00039-00010874-00011143 in order to participate in this system a
4lhZPWyNgiE-00040-00011144-00011321 union must have a legal registration
4lhZPWyNgiE-00041-00011322-00011548 registro must have an officially
4lhZPWyNgiE-00042-00011549-00011739 recognized right to negotiate collective
4lhZPWyNgiE-00043-00011740-00011977 bargaining agreements titular Adad and
4lhZPWyNgiE-00044-00011978-00012174 must periodically re-register its
4lhZPWyNgiE-00045-00012175-00012349 officers and be accepted by the state
4lhZPWyNgiE-00046-00012350-00012667 toma de moda this system can be used to
4lhZPWyNgiE-00047-00012668-00012913 hobble independent unions not associated
4lhZPWyNgiE-00048-00012913-00013147 with the CTM or other Federation's that
4lhZPWyNgiE-00049-00013147-00013312 have established relations with the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00050-00013313-00013494 state since all three members of these
4lhZPWyNgiE-00051-00013495-00013680 boards often have self-interested
4lhZPWyNgiE-00052-00013681-00013843 reasons for denying or delaying
4lhZPWyNgiE-00053-00013844-00014118 registration to rival unions employers
4lhZPWyNgiE-00054-00014119-00014431 can also avoid unionization by entering
4lhZPWyNgiE-00055-00014432-00014744 into protection contracts with
4lhZPWyNgiE-00056-00014745-00015136 syndicators Blancas or white unions
4lhZPWyNgiE-00057-00015137-00015469 often before a plant is ever built such
4lhZPWyNgiE-00058-00015469-00015685 contracts frequently give the Union a
4lhZPWyNgiE-00059-00015686-00015907 closed shop which authorizes the union
4lhZPWyNgiE-00060-00015908-00016066 to demand that the employer fire a
4lhZPWyNgiE-00061-00016066-00016279 worker who is not a member in the union
4lhZPWyNgiE-00062-00016280-00016507 in good standing that power can in turn
4lhZPWyNgiE-00063-00016508-00016717 be used to single out employees who seek
4lhZPWyNgiE-00064-00016718-00016909 to organize independent unions for
4lhZPWyNgiE-00065-00016910-00017197 termination some observers including the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00066-00017198-00017383 independent Union Nacional de
4lhZPWyNgiE-00067-00017384-00017838 trabajadores HTTP colon slash slash W W
4lhZPWyNgiE-00068-00017839-00018277 UNT or GM X or UNT estimate that between
4lhZPWyNgiE-00069-00018278-00018556 80 and 90% of all collective bargaining
4lhZPWyNgiE-00070-00018557-00018744 agreements in Mexico fall into this
4lhZPWyNgiE-00071-00018745-00019078 category employees are not always aware
4lhZPWyNgiE-00072-00019079-00019258 that they are covered by a protection
4lhZPWyNgiE-00073-00019259-00019447 contract or that they are represented by
4lhZPWyNgiE-00074-00019448-00019647 a union while the ghost' union may have
4lhZPWyNgiE-00075-00019648-00019828 registered with the board and filed its
4lhZPWyNgiE-00076-00019829-00020011 contract with it those records are not
4lhZPWyNgiE-00077-00020012-00020296 made public an outside union that has
4lhZPWyNgiE-00078-00020297-00020485 filed a petition seeking to organize
4lhZPWyNgiE-00079-00020486-00020668 workers may have its petition dismissed
4lhZPWyNgiE-00080-00020669-00020905 if it is unaware that another union is
4lhZPWyNgiE-00081-00020906-00021106 already recognized or if it does not
4lhZPWyNgiE-00082-00021107-00021300 list the correct name or legal address
4lhZPWyNgiE-00083-00021301-00021619 of the incumbent union if an outside
4lhZPWyNgiE-00084-00021620-00021850 Union challenging a recognized union is
4lhZPWyNgiE-00085-00021851-00022078 able to obtain registration then it must
4lhZPWyNgiE-00086-00022079-00022231 go through an election to oust the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00087-00022232-00022534 incumbent local boards often delay such
4lhZPWyNgiE-00088-00022535-00022741 elections for long periods when they do
4lhZPWyNgiE-00089-00022742-00022915 take place they are by voice vote
4lhZPWyNgiE-00090-00022916-00023140 rather than secret ballot in elections
4lhZPWyNgiE-00091-00023141-00023290 held in the workplace under the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00092-00023291-00023481 supervision of a representative of the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00093-00023482-00023689 labor board the employer the official
4lhZPWyNgiE-00094-00023690-00023883 union and the independent union in
4lhZPWyNgiE-00095-00023884-00024159 recent contested elections workers have
4lhZPWyNgiE-00096-00024160-00024229 been required
4lhZPWyNgiE-00097-00024230-00024388 to pass through a gauntlet of armed
4lhZPWyNgiE-00098-00024389-00024586 representatives of the incumbent Union
4lhZPWyNgiE-00099-00024587-00024775 in order to report for work and to vote
4lhZPWyNgiE-00100-00024776-00025009 in their workplace even if the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00101-00025010-00025225 independent Union wins the election the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00102-00025226-00025447 original contract remains in place until
4lhZPWyNgiE-00103-00025448-00025780 it's expiration while Mexican labor law
4lhZPWyNgiE-00104-00025781-00026017 gives workers powerful rights to strike
4lhZPWyNgiE-00105-00026018-00026136 barring employers from hiring
4lhZPWyNgiE-00106-00026137-00026377 replacement workers or operating during
4lhZPWyNgiE-00107-00026377-00026575 a strike those rights are dependent on
4lhZPWyNgiE-00108-00026576-00026818 official approval from the board these
4lhZPWyNgiE-00109-00026819-00027045 local boards frequently declare strikes
4lhZPWyNgiE-00110-00027047-00027367 to be in existent or non-existent
4lhZPWyNgiE-00111-00027368-00027580 depriving striking workers of all their
4lhZPWyNgiE-00112-00027581-00027829 legal protections as a result while
4lhZPWyNgiE-00113-00027830-00028054 labor protests and work stoppages are
4lhZPWyNgiE-00114-00028055-00028276 frequent in Mexico legal strikes are
4lhZPWyNgiE-00115-00028277-00028810 rare
4lhZPWyNgiE-00116-00028811-00029414 topic proposals for change
4lhZPWyNgiE-00117-00029414-00029651 the PRI and Mexican employers
4lhZPWyNgiE-00118-00029652-00029893 associations started floating proposals
4lhZPWyNgiE-00119-00029894-00030095 to enhance productivity of Mexican
4lhZPWyNgiE-00120-00030095-00030377 industry by allowing it more flexibility
4lhZPWyNgiE-00121-00030377-00030745 during the late 1980s when technocrats
4lhZPWyNgiE-00122-00030745-00031021 such as Miguel de la Madrid Carlos
4lhZPWyNgiE-00123-00031022-00031232 Salinas de Gortari and Ernesto Zedillo
4lhZPWyNgiE-00124-00031233-00031526 were in command of the PRI those
4lhZPWyNgiE-00125-00031527-00031793 proposals made no headway however until
4lhZPWyNgiE-00126-00031794-00031973 after the election of Vicente Fox
4lhZPWyNgiE-00127-00031974-00032245 Quesada of the partido accion a CEO now
4lhZPWyNgiE-00128-00032247-00032620 or pan in 2000 Fox's secretary of labor
4lhZPWyNgiE-00129-00032622-00032930 carlos Abascal Carranza a former head of
4lhZPWyNgiE-00130-00032931-00033148 one of the largest employer associations
4lhZPWyNgiE-00131-00033149-00033437 initiated discussions in 2001 with
4lhZPWyNgiE-00132-00033438-00033659 employer associations and the official
4lhZPWyNgiE-00133-00033660-00033860 and independent union Confederations
4lhZPWyNgiE-00134-00033861-00034037 aimed at achieving a consensus proposal
4lhZPWyNgiE-00135-00034038-00034355 for labor law reform the Abascal
4lhZPWyNgiE-00136-00034356-00034685 proposal presented in 2002 however would
4lhZPWyNgiE-00137-00034686-00034889 tighten government control of unions and
4lhZPWyNgiE-00138-00034890-00035077 collective bargaining without taking any
4lhZPWyNgiE-00139-00035078-00035296 steps to make information about unions
4lhZPWyNgiE-00140-00035297-00035465 collective bargaining agreements or
4lhZPWyNgiE-00141-00035466-00035660 their activities available to affected
4lhZPWyNgiE-00142-00035661-00035825 workers or the public or make the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00143-00035826-00036044 organizing process any less cumbersome
4lhZPWyNgiE-00144-00036045-00036332 on the contrary the proposed reforms
4lhZPWyNgiE-00145-00036333-00036487 would heighten the risks for workers
4lhZPWyNgiE-00146-00036488-00036656 seeking to organize by requiring
4lhZPWyNgiE-00147-00036657-00036865 independent unions to submit the name
4lhZPWyNgiE-00148-00036866-00037033 and address of each of their members to
4lhZPWyNgiE-00149-00037034-00037217 the local boards which would then have
4lhZPWyNgiE-00150-00037218-00037358 the power to investigate the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00151-00037359-00037643 authenticity of their signatures the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00152-00037644-00037886 reforms would also favor existing unions
4lhZPWyNgiE-00153-00037887-00038075 by barring the board from considering
4lhZPWyNgiE-00154-00038076-00038252 more than one election petition at a
4lhZPWyNgiE-00155-00038253-00038477 time and tightening jurisdictional rules
4lhZPWyNgiE-00156-00038478-00038714 defining which labor organization can
4lhZPWyNgiE-00157-00038715-00038896 represent which workers according to
4lhZPWyNgiE-00158-00038897-00039083 their craft enterprise and company
4lhZPWyNgiE-00159-00039084-00039251 making it impossible for some
4lhZPWyNgiE-00160-00039252-00039412 independent unions to challenge
4lhZPWyNgiE-00161-00039413-00039707 incumbents opponents of the law have
4lhZPWyNgiE-00162-00039708-00039875 challenged it under the provisions of
4lhZPWyNgiE-00163-00039876-00040040 the labor side letter to the north
4lhZPWyNgiE-00164-00040041-00040249 american free trade agreement NAFTA
4lhZPWyNgiE-00165-00040250-00040556 while the CTM originally supported the
4lhZPWyNgiE-00166-00040557-00040781 reforms some unions within the official
4lhZPWyNgiE-00167-00040782-00040915 labor movement have expressed
4lhZPWyNgiE-00168-00040916-00041204 reservations about it the proposals are
4lhZPWyNgiE-00169-00041205-00041815 currently at a standstill
4lhZPWyNgiE-00170-00041816-00042323 topic see also
4lhZPWyNgiE-00171-00042324-00042657 law of Mexico Charo
4lhZPWyNgiE-00172-00042658-00043082 Mexican politics Mexico pension plan
4lhZPWyNgiE-00173-00043083-00043470 oportunidades topic external links
4lhZPWyNgiE-00174-00043471-00043727 Mexican labor news and analysis February
4lhZPWyNgiE-00175-00043728-00044049 2005 edition Lance compa justice for all
4lhZPWyNgiE-00176-00044050-00044232 the struggle for workers rights in
4lhZPWyNgiE-00177-00044233-00044847 Mexico afl-cio solidarity Center 2003
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00000-00000014-00000311 the start of the Cambrian period is
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00001-00000312-00000551 marked by fluctuations in a number of
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00002-00000552-00000844 geochemical records including strontium
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00003-00000846-00001137 sulfur and carbon isotopic excursions
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00004-00001138-00001424 while these anomalies are difficult to
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00005-00001425-00001676 interpret a number of possibilities have
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00006-00001677-00001780 been put forward
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00007-00001782-00002072 they probably represent changes on a
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00008-00002073-00002326 global scale and as such may help to
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00009-00002327-00002527 constrain possible causes of the
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00010-00002528-00002827 Cambrian explosion the chemical
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00011-00002828-00003085 signature may be related to continental
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00012-00003086-00003356 breakup the end of a global glaciation
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00013-00003357-00003649 or a catastrophic drop in productivity
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00014-00003650-00003970 caused by a mass extinction just before
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00015-00003971-00004640 the beginning of the Cambrian
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00016-00004641-00005218 topic isotopes
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00017-00005219-00005509 isotopes are different forms of elements
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00018-00005510-00005716 they have a different number of neutrons
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00019-00005717-00005941 in the nucleus meaning they have very
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00020-00005942-00006139 similar chemical properties but
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00021-00006140-00006397 different mass the weight difference
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00022-00006398-00006584 means that some isotopes are
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00023-00006584-00006778 discriminated against in chemical
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00024-00006779-00007052 processes for example plants find it
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00025-00007053-00007292 easier to incorporate the lighter 12c
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00026-00007293-00007676 than heavy 13c other isotopes are only
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00027-00007677-00007916 produced as a result of the radioactive
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00028-00007917-00008188 decay of other elements such as 87
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00029-00008189-00008588 senior the daughter isotope of 87 RB RB
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00030-00008589-00008948 and therefore 87 senior is common in the
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00031-00008949-00009005 crust
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00032-00009006-00009316 so abundance of 87 senior in a sample of
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00033-00009317-00009584 sediment relative to 86 senior is
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00034-00009585-00009818 related to the amount of sediment which
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00035-00009819-00010066 originated in the crust as opposed to
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00036-00010067-00010418 from the oceans the ratios of three
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00037-00010419-00010898 major isotopes 87 senior 86 senior 34 s
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00038-00010899-00011312 32 s and 13 C 12 C undergo dramatic
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00039-00011313-00011521 fluctuations around the beginning of the
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00040-00011522-00012075 Cambrian
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00041-00012076-00012669 topic carbon isotopes
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00042-00012670-00013035 carbon has two stable isotopes carbon-12
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00043-00013036-00013503 12c and carbon 1313 see the ratio
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00044-00013504-00013824 between the two is denoted Delta 13c and
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00045-00013825-00014180 represents a number of factors because
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00046-00014181-00014424 organic matter preferentially takes up
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00047-00014425-00014637 the lighter 12c an increase in
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00048-00014638-00014952 productivity increases the delta 13c of
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00049-00014953-00015205 the rest of the system and vice-versa
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00050-00015206-00015480 some carbon reservoirs are very
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00051-00015481-00015774 isotopically light for instance biogenic
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00052-00015775-00015990 methane produced by bacterial
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00053-00015991-00016254 decomposition has a delta 13 sea of
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00054-00016255-00016527 minus 60 per mil vast when one per mil
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00055-00016528-00016853 is a large fluctuation an injection of
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00056-00016854-00017046 carbon from one of these reservoirs
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00057-00017047-00017253 could therefore account for the early
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00058-00017254-00017661 cambrian drop in delta 13c cause is
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00059-00017662-00017925 often suggested for changes in the ratio
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00060-00017926-00018305 of 13c to 12c found in rocks include a
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00061-00018306-00018696 mass extinction chemistry is largely
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00062-00018697-00018972 driven by electromagnetic forces and
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00063-00018973-00019293 lighter isotopes such as 12c respond to
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00064-00019294-00019481 these more quickly than heavier ones
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00065-00019482-00019853 such as 13 c so living organisms
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00066-00019854-00020075 generally contain a disproportionate
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00067-00020076-00020388 amount of 12c a mass extinction would
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00068-00020389-00020652 increase the amount of 12c available to
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00069-00020653-00020844 be included in rocks and therefore
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00070-00020845-00021330 reduce the ratio of 13c to 12c a methane
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00071-00021331-00021603 burp in permafrost sand continental
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00072-00021604-00021846 shelves methane produced by bacteria
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00073-00021847-00022115 gets trapped in cages of water molecules
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00074-00022116-00022381 forming a mixture called a clathrate
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00075-00022382-00022769 this methane is very rich in 12c because
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00076-00022770-00023044 it has been produced by organisms
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00077-00023045-00023322 clathrates may dissociate break up
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00078-00023323-00023580 suddenly if the temperature rises or the
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00079-00023581-00023928 pressure on and drops such dissociations
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00080-00023929-00024177 release the 12c rich methane and thus
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00081-00024178-00024509 reduce the ratio of 13c to 12c as this
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00082-00024510-00024741 carbon is gradually incorporated into
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00083-00024742-00024999 rocks methane in the atmosphere breaks
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00084-00025000-00025224 down into carbon dioxide and water
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00085-00025225-00025533 carbon dioxide reacts with minerals to
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00086-00025534-00026177 form carbonate rocks
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00087-00026179-00026799 topic strontium isotopes
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00088-00026800-00027408 please create this section
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00089-00027408-00028002 topic sulfur isotopes
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00090-00028003-00028635 please create this section
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00091-00028636-00029312 topic other chemical fluctuations
4nCZoBwA8Uc-00092-00029313-00029714 please create this section
5oiZkcgSu-I-00000-00000287-00000509 and could not send the directive way any
5oiZkcgSu-I-00001-00000509-00000821 wider and welcome to the wider webinar
5oiZkcgSu-I-00002-00000822-00001091 Paving the wave of physical capacity it
5oiZkcgSu-I-00003-00001092-00001337 is part of the think wider webinar
5oiZkcgSu-I-00004-00001338-00001577 series New Perspectives on domestic
5oiZkcgSu-I-00005-00001578-00001745 Revenue mobilization
5oiZkcgSu-I-00006-00001746-00001907 this webinar Series has targeted to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00007-00001907-00002110 researchers policy makers and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00008-00002111-00002434 practitioners on sharing our insights on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00009-00002435-00002633 domestic resource mobilization where we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00010-00002634-00002873 have a very large program in unuider and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00011-00002874-00003065 in fact this particular webinar is part
5oiZkcgSu-I-00012-00003066-00003335 of one particular project fiscal states
5oiZkcgSu-I-00013-00003336-00003611 its Origins and implications and we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00014-00003611-00003719 could hear a little bit about the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00015-00003720-00003940 findings from that project in a few
5oiZkcgSu-I-00016-00003942-00004241 minutes or from one of the panelists so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00017-00004242-00004385 the question really that we try to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00018-00004386-00004613 answer in this webinar is the question
5oiZkcgSu-I-00019-00004614-00004852 of how does it how do we actually see
5oiZkcgSu-I-00020-00004853-00005147 over time in developing countries the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00021-00005148-00005261 transformation of public freelance
5oiZkcgSu-I-00022-00005262-00005459 institutions and the emergence of fiscal
5oiZkcgSu-I-00023-00005460-00005633 States because we know that's really
5oiZkcgSu-I-00024-00005634-00005783 important for becoming an effective
5oiZkcgSu-I-00025-00005784-00005938 State and State Building
5oiZkcgSu-I-00026-00005939-00006118 now surprisingly we know very little
5oiZkcgSu-I-00027-00006119-00006347 about European countries and how that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00028-00006348-00006539 might happen in the context of Africa
5oiZkcgSu-I-00029-00006540-00006796 and Asia and America well we know quite
5oiZkcgSu-I-00030-00006797-00007025 a bit about the emergency of fiscal
5oiZkcgSu-I-00031-00007026-00007313 States in Western Europe and and the US
5oiZkcgSu-I-00032-00007314-00007528 and so on and the Richer countries
5oiZkcgSu-I-00033-00007529-00007763 so we're trying to try to understand how
5oiZkcgSu-I-00034-00007764-00007942 does it happen how does history matter
5oiZkcgSu-I-00035-00007943-00008123 how institutions matter how does
5oiZkcgSu-I-00036-00008123-00008278 politics matter in the emergency
5oiZkcgSu-I-00037-00008279-00008477 physical States and what are the policy
5oiZkcgSu-I-00038-00008478-00008699 implications from what we have so far
5oiZkcgSu-I-00039-00008700-00008951 known Limited at knowledge we have on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00040-00008952-00009113 them which is fiscal States in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00041-00009114-00009274 developing countries
5oiZkcgSu-I-00042-00009275-00009407 so what we're going to do and try and do
5oiZkcgSu-I-00043-00009408-00009545 in this Warner webinar we're going to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00044-00009546-00009695 share some insights on what we know
5oiZkcgSu-I-00045-00009696-00009839 about the origins of fiscal States the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00046-00009840-00010019 living countries and their policy
5oiZkcgSu-I-00047-00010020-00010295 implications and to do that we have an
5oiZkcgSu-I-00048-00010296-00010541 Excel set of panelists I would now
5oiZkcgSu-I-00049-00010542-00010787 introduce them one by one
5oiZkcgSu-I-00050-00010788-00011074 first we have Antonio solver who's a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00051-00011075-00011224 reader in developer economics at the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00052-00011225-00011399 University of Manchester's Global
5oiZkcgSu-I-00053-00011400-00011627 development Institute and a uni wider
5oiZkcgSu-I-00054-00011628-00011860 non-resident senior research fellow
5oiZkcgSu-I-00055-00011861-00012101 Antonio co-leads the project on fiscal
5oiZkcgSu-I-00056-00012102-00012328 States along with me as part of the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00057-00012329-00012659 universe program of research on domestic
5oiZkcgSu-I-00058-00012660-00012869 resource mobilization
5oiZkcgSu-I-00059-00012869-00013024 Antonio's research has looked at
5oiZkcgSu-I-00060-00013025-00013175 determinants of governance Institute of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00061-00013176-00013343 performance and how the impeach on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00062-00013344-00013565 development outcomes and policies
5oiZkcgSu-I-00063-00013566-00013738 we also very fortunate to have shot the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00064-00013740-00013936 David Arjun is a professor of practice
5oiZkcgSu-I-00065-00013937-00014116 of International Development at
5oiZkcgSu-I-00066-00014118-00014411 Georgetown University's Edmund a Walsh
5oiZkcgSu-I-00067-00014412-00014627 School of Foreign Service
5oiZkcgSu-I-00068-00014628-00014813 Shanta has previously watched the World
5oiZkcgSu-I-00069-00014813-00015016 Bank when he was a senior director for
5oiZkcgSu-I-00070-00015018-00015215 the urban economics the chief Economist
5oiZkcgSu-I-00071-00015216-00015430 of the Middle East North Africa
5oiZkcgSu-I-00072-00015431-00015665 Africa and South and South Asian regions
5oiZkcgSu-I-00073-00015666-00015838 and also the human development Network
5oiZkcgSu-I-00074-00015840-00016222 welcome Shanta to this to this webinar
5oiZkcgSu-I-00075-00016223-00016447 we also have Santa
5oiZkcgSu-I-00076-00016448-00016691 is a senior lecturer the African past
5oiZkcgSu-I-00077-00016692-00016841 Institute probably of the leading
5oiZkcgSu-I-00078-00016842-00017111 Institutes of tax and development in in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00079-00017112-00017261 southern Africa
5oiZkcgSu-I-00080-00017262-00017447 her work focuses on development and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00081-00017448-00017722 poverty International economics and also
5oiZkcgSu-I-00082-00017723-00017861 Science Theater takes a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00083-00017862-00018041 multidisciplinary understanding of State
5oiZkcgSu-I-00084-00018042-00018335 Society relations
5oiZkcgSu-I-00085-00018336-00018683 we also have and metecai who's the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00086-00018684-00018797 professor of the Department of political
5oiZkcgSu-I-00087-00018798-00019067 science at arrows University and my take
5oiZkcgSu-I-00088-00019068-00019217 care does research in the areas of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00089-00019218-00019433 governance and economy she's recently
5oiZkcgSu-I-00090-00019434-00019727 authored a wider working paper fiscal
5oiZkcgSu-I-00091-00019728-00019861 States and substance Africa
5oiZkcgSu-I-00092-00019862-00020063 conceptualization and empirical Trends
5oiZkcgSu-I-00093-00020064-00020213 and she will speak a bit about this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00094-00020214-00020561 paper in her own on opening remarks
5oiZkcgSu-I-00095-00020562-00020771 so what I want to now do is I want to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00096-00020772-00021022 ask each of the panelists a couple of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00097-00021023-00021233 questions one a question at the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00098-00021234-00021425 beginning to start with and then perhaps
5oiZkcgSu-I-00099-00021426-00021641 when you have time also following a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00100-00021642-00021827 follow-up question the Q a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00101-00021828-00022013 so I'm going to ask until actually to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00102-00022014-00022175 talk a little bit about the fiscal sales
5oiZkcgSu-I-00103-00022176-00022264 project
5oiZkcgSu-I-00104-00022265-00022457 what is a background motivation for this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00105-00022458-00022708 project what have you learned about this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00106-00022709-00022871 very important question how to build
5oiZkcgSu-I-00107-00022872-00023099 fiscal States in developing countries
5oiZkcgSu-I-00108-00023100-00023339 and what can we take from this from this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00109-00023340-00023614 literature and the knowledge we have in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00110-00023615-00023758 terms of policy implications for the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00111-00023759-00023861 future
5oiZkcgSu-I-00112-00023862-00024161 so perhaps first Antonio over to you and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00113-00024162-00024325 then I will ask
5oiZkcgSu-I-00114-00024326-00024563 Shantae questions to follow up later on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00115-00024564-00024730 Anthony if you don't mind can you speak
5oiZkcgSu-I-00116-00024731-00025308 with 10 minutes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00117-00025309-00025650 let me share the screen
5oiZkcgSu-I-00118-00025651-00025931 and um
5oiZkcgSu-I-00119-00025932-00026170 I have a few slides
5oiZkcgSu-I-00120-00026172-00026557 for us today I want to take 10 minutes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00121-00026558-00026902 to uh discuss a little bit in more
5oiZkcgSu-I-00122-00026904-00027220 detail what kind of um research we have
5oiZkcgSu-I-00123-00027222-00027877 done now upon um on fiscal States
5oiZkcgSu-I-00124-00027877-00028187 so this is a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00125-00028188-00028517 this is on our on the UN why the website
5oiZkcgSu-I-00126-00028518-00028751 that that's the the page of the the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00127-00028752-00029131 project and what we have done
5oiZkcgSu-I-00128-00029132-00029395 together with a group of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00129-00029395-00029602 multi-disciplinary group of Economist
5oiZkcgSu-I-00130-00029604-00029861 political scientists academics of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00131-00029862-00030101 development studies we have looked at
5oiZkcgSu-I-00132-00030102-00030185 the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00133-00030186-00030455 through all other states
5oiZkcgSu-I-00134-00030456-00030868 and in particular taxation often as a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00135-00030869-00031096 our papers maybe so everything have been
5oiZkcgSu-I-00136-00031097-00031264 on a taxation
5oiZkcgSu-I-00137-00031266-00031457 so the starting point for this is that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00138-00031458-00031835 modern states are complex machines they
5oiZkcgSu-I-00139-00031836-00032045 perform a range of functions Which is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00140-00032045-00032290 far greater than what do we use to have
5oiZkcgSu-I-00141-00032291-00032549 only 100 years ago but the question is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00142-00032550-00032795 how do we finance that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00143-00032796-00033029 and that's what we were trying to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00144-00033030-00033239 understand is Ronaldo was also reminding
5oiZkcgSu-I-00145-00033240-00033527 us uh how about other states Finance
5oiZkcgSu-I-00146-00033528-00033851 their activities this is a an academic
5oiZkcgSu-I-00147-00033852-00034115 question sure but no told me it's only
5oiZkcgSu-I-00148-00034116-00034627 it's also policy relevant uh STG
5oiZkcgSu-I-00149-00034628-00035029 171 is on a mobilizing domestic revenues
5oiZkcgSu-I-00150-00035030-00035459 and the sdg is about you know setting
5oiZkcgSu-I-00151-00035460-00035777 this as a policy goal we also leave an
5oiZkcgSu-I-00152-00035778-00036095 age where other forms of Finance such as
5oiZkcgSu-I-00153-00036096-00036371 Aid are flat have been flat for the last
5oiZkcgSu-I-00154-00036372-00036617 few years so it's a timely question
5oiZkcgSu-I-00155-00036618-00036833 understanding how States Finance their
5oiZkcgSu-I-00156-00036834-00036989 activities
5oiZkcgSu-I-00157-00036990-00037283 consider in our case to see the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00158-00037284-00037571 relevance of this consider taxation how
5oiZkcgSu-I-00159-00037572-00037901 do uh how do different countries around
5oiZkcgSu-I-00160-00037902-00038261 the world uh do uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-00161-00038262-00038633 a few facts they'll look at the these
5oiZkcgSu-I-00162-00038634-00038927 two graphs here they tell us that in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00163-00038928-00039190 general High income economies are also
5oiZkcgSu-I-00164-00039191-00039443 those that are more fiscally developed
5oiZkcgSu-I-00165-00039444-00039796 and often often they collect a share of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00166-00039797-00040073 total revenues over GDP that is a double
5oiZkcgSu-I-00167-00040074-00040462 compared to low-income economies so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00168-00040463-00040774 that's the kind of a gap that you see
5oiZkcgSu-I-00169-00040775-00041021 and it tells you why it's important to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00170-00041022-00041207 learn how to tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00171-00041208-00041489 uh the other thing that you will notice
5oiZkcgSu-I-00172-00041490-00041674 looking at the you know the particular
5oiZkcgSu-I-00173-00041675-00042137 the left hand side graph is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00174-00042138-00042533 in a tax revenues of https over time is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00175-00042534-00042790 essentially constant it doesn't tend to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00176-00042791-00042940 reduce
5oiZkcgSu-I-00177-00042941-00043259 and this tells us that perhaps there are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00178-00043260-00043583 structural conditions that explain why
5oiZkcgSu-I-00179-00043584-00043852 you see this gap between countries that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00180-00043853-00044033 have learned how to tax very well and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00181-00044034-00044351 others that are on the way to do so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00182-00044352-00044549 when you look on the right hand side at
5oiZkcgSu-I-00183-00044550-00044801 the regional desegregation you see that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00184-00044802-00045233 the yes largely the the facts there you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00185-00045234-00045437 know are consistent with what we see on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00186-00045438-00045677 the left-hand side graph that the Richer
5oiZkcgSu-I-00187-00045678-00045839 regions of the world tend to collect
5oiZkcgSu-I-00188-00045840-00046012 more revenues but there is also
5oiZkcgSu-I-00189-00046013-00046174 something in this interesting happening
5oiZkcgSu-I-00190-00046175-00046439 in sub-Saharan Africa sub-Saharan Africa
5oiZkcgSu-I-00191-00046440-00046805 doesn't do too bad actually it collects
5oiZkcgSu-I-00192-00046806-00047045 more or less the same amount of revenues
5oiZkcgSu-I-00193-00047046-00047417 as a richer South Asia and he's not too
5oiZkcgSu-I-00194-00047418-00047633 far away from much literature Latin
5oiZkcgSu-I-00195-00047634-00047729 America
5oiZkcgSu-I-00196-00047730-00048143 so uh this is a the bigger picture why
5oiZkcgSu-I-00197-00048144-00048443 is this important for at least three
5oiZkcgSu-I-00198-00048444-00048743 reasons so learning how to tax so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00199-00048744-00048965 becoming fiscally developed gives you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00200-00048966-00049073 access
5oiZkcgSu-I-00201-00049074-00049523 to uh more sophisticated instruments for
5oiZkcgSu-I-00202-00049524-00049883 Taxation and spending you have a you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00203-00049884-00050105 have a better chance of implementing
5oiZkcgSu-I-00204-00050106-00050418 programs that can reduce probability
5oiZkcgSu-I-00205-00050419-00050686 progressive tax system sophisticated
5oiZkcgSu-I-00206-00050687-00050980 forms of Taxation like income tax they
5oiZkcgSu-I-00207-00050981-00051292 also give you uh much greater
5oiZkcgSu-I-00208-00051294-00051516 opportunity to reduce poverty
5oiZkcgSu-I-00209-00051517-00051725 apart from that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00210-00051726-00052114 uh forms a states that have learned how
5oiZkcgSu-I-00211-00052115-00052420 the Ducks are also states that tend to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00212-00052421-00052649 spend a lot more on health and education
5oiZkcgSu-I-00213-00052650-00052942 and this is a one over one of the graphs
5oiZkcgSu-I-00214-00052944-00053219 that we have we have in our in in our
5oiZkcgSu-I-00215-00053220-00053416 paper that Kunal and I have written on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00216-00053417-00053650 this Senate you see that rich regions of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00217-00053651-00053830 the world are also those that spend a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00218-00053832-00054253 lot more or education in this case
5oiZkcgSu-I-00219-00054254-00054569 uh the other the third reason why this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00220-00054570-00054857 is important is that learning how to tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00221-00054858-00055171 is also transformative in another sense
5oiZkcgSu-I-00222-00055172-00055576 we say brings a governance dividend once
5oiZkcgSu-I-00223-00055577-00055894 you start paying taxes you tend to make
5oiZkcgSu-I-00224-00055895-00056200 your government more accountable but
5oiZkcgSu-I-00225-00056201-00056465 when you actually see this in terms of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00226-00056466-00056741 uh in terms of what happened to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00227-00056741-00056921 accountability in low-income countries
5oiZkcgSu-I-00228-00056922-00057169 we see that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00229-00057170-00057521 not learning how to access left these
5oiZkcgSu-I-00230-00057522-00057754 Gap in terms of voice and accountability
5oiZkcgSu-I-00231-00057755-00057997 with the Richer countries essentially
5oiZkcgSu-I-00232-00057998-00058225 constant over time
5oiZkcgSu-I-00233-00058226-00058613 uh what do we do about this we've done
5oiZkcgSu-I-00234-00058614-00058859 eight papers we have written eight
5oiZkcgSu-I-00235-00058860-00059171 papers and we have produced a special
5oiZkcgSu-I-00236-00059172-00059332 issue in the Journal of institutional
5oiZkcgSu-I-00237-00059333-00059585 economics this is open access we believe
5oiZkcgSu-I-00238-00059586-00059915 in making research accessible to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00239-00059916-00060154 everyone and it's uh we have used a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00240-00060155-00060400 variety of methodologies from standard
5oiZkcgSu-I-00241-00060401-00060623 quantitative econometric work to case
5oiZkcgSu-I-00242-00060624-00060880 studies and more
5oiZkcgSu-I-00243-00060882-00061180 what we find and it's difficult to do
5oiZkcgSu-I-00244-00061182-00061480 justice to uh to the whole special issue
5oiZkcgSu-I-00245-00061482-00061780 what we find is that the three factors
5oiZkcgSu-I-00246-00061782-00061907 essentially
5oiZkcgSu-I-00247-00061908-00062225 contribute to developing Taxation and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00248-00062226-00062488 developing fiscal institutions in the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00249-00062489-00062711 long term political determinants
5oiZkcgSu-I-00250-00062712-00062932 understanding the politics of Taxation
5oiZkcgSu-I-00251-00062933-00063232 how you build a contract between a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00252-00063233-00063437 fiscal contract between states and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00253-00063438-00063850 citizens and in this having a system of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00254-00063851-00064049 constraints of the executive power can
5oiZkcgSu-I-00255-00064050-00064259 be important we have also learned that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00256-00064260-00064632 the institutions matter in this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00257-00064633-00064882 the ability to develop at the same time
5oiZkcgSu-I-00258-00064883-00065141 a property right system for example that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00259-00065141-00065375 in itself can contribute to the race tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00260-00065376-00065615 base is important we've also learned
5oiZkcgSu-I-00261-00065616-00065950 that history matters historical
5oiZkcgSu-I-00262-00065951-00066250 conditions sometimes going to back to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00263-00066251-00066511 pre-colonial times shape
5oiZkcgSu-I-00264-00066512-00066875 Taxation and Taxation Norms to these
5oiZkcgSu-I-00265-00066876-00067049 days
5oiZkcgSu-I-00266-00067050-00067421 this is the academic part but are there
5oiZkcgSu-I-00267-00067422-00067859 any policy lessons for coming from this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00268-00067860-00068267 I'll give you four in the three minutes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00269-00068268-00068591 I have I have left so I make sure I
5oiZkcgSu-I-00270-00068592-00068813 finish on time and then I'll be happy to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00271-00068814-00069017 elaborate more if there are any
5oiZkcgSu-I-00272-00069018-00069281 questions from the audience but
5oiZkcgSu-I-00273-00069282-00069611 essentially This research reminds us
5oiZkcgSu-I-00274-00069612-00069881 and the first message is that Rome
5oiZkcgSu-I-00275-00069882-00070187 wasn't built in a day if we may say so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00276-00070188-00070415 so we have to be aware that donors and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00277-00070416-00070582 policy makers have to be aware that the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00278-00070583-00070835 learning how to tax and building fiscal
5oiZkcgSu-I-00279-00070836-00071050 States transforming Public Finance
5oiZkcgSu-I-00280-00071051-00071356 institutions in general it's a long-term
5oiZkcgSu-I-00281-00071357-00071465 process
5oiZkcgSu-I-00282-00071466-00071741 so what this means is that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00283-00071742-00072035 in a way you've got to be patient stay
5oiZkcgSu-I-00284-00072036-00072265 the course and at the same time
5oiZkcgSu-I-00285-00072266-00072569 acknowledge that the financing State
5oiZkcgSu-I-00286-00072570-00072838 activities has to go alongside with the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00287-00072839-00073255 other forms of Finance Loans Aid as well
5oiZkcgSu-I-00288-00073256-00073541 resource natural resource revenues
5oiZkcgSu-I-00289-00073542-00073799 coming from natural resources and at the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00290-00073800-00073955 same time while you finance State
5oiZkcgSu-I-00291-00073956-00074219 activities with more traditional forms
5oiZkcgSu-I-00292-00074220-00074537 of Finance you develop the taxation the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00293-00074538-00074753 second message we have is that the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00294-00074754-00075013 history matters as I was saying before
5oiZkcgSu-I-00295-00075014-00075353 what this matters matters the policy
5oiZkcgSu-I-00296-00075354-00075613 message here is that it gives a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00297-00075614-00075899 recognizing the role of History makes us
5oiZkcgSu-I-00298-00075900-00076079 understand why
5oiZkcgSu-I-00299-00076080-00076403 Public Finance reforms work or do not
5oiZkcgSu-I-00300-00076404-00076667 work in some contexts so we have to be
5oiZkcgSu-I-00301-00076668-00077249 aware of that while designing it reforms
5oiZkcgSu-I-00302-00077250-00077632 three politics matters
5oiZkcgSu-I-00303-00077633-00077773 um
5oiZkcgSu-I-00304-00077774-00078149 in this case our research tells us the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00305-00078150-00078397 policy lesson on this is that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00306-00078398-00078659 understanding the politics of Taxation
5oiZkcgSu-I-00307-00078660-00079085 is as important as uh the focus on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00308-00079086-00079456 technocratical Solutions often in in a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00309-00079457-00079673 public Finance research we see for good
5oiZkcgSu-I-00310-00079674-00079985 reasons focus on the more short-term
5oiZkcgSu-I-00311-00079986-00080176 Solutions the day-to-day Taxation and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00312-00080177-00080405 uit solutions new ways to communicate
5oiZkcgSu-I-00313-00080406-00080723 with taxpayers that's absolutely correct
5oiZkcgSu-I-00314-00080724-00080981 and it's all fine but understanding also
5oiZkcgSu-I-00315-00080982-00081299 why citizens pay taxes and what kind of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00316-00081300-00081497 Institutions can facilitate that like
5oiZkcgSu-I-00317-00081498-00081682 institutions that keep the ruler
5oiZkcgSu-I-00318-00081683-00081947 accountable this helps us to build the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00319-00081948-00082150 fiscal contract between states and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00320-00082151-00082325 citizens any
5oiZkcgSu-I-00321-00082326-00082612 Fosters the conditions for a taxation to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00322-00082613-00083088 emerge and the fourth and final message
5oiZkcgSu-I-00323-00083089-00083447 on this is that we also find that the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00324-00083448-00083867 complementarities matter you don't look
5oiZkcgSu-I-00325-00083868-00084244 at taxation in isolation you may need at
5oiZkcgSu-I-00326-00084245-00084479 the same time other types of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00327-00084480-00084682 Institutions to develop them at the same
5oiZkcgSu-I-00328-00084683-00084887 time like a property right system that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00329-00084888-00085181 can increase the tax base or develop a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00330-00085182-00085379 statistical capacity of states the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00331-00085380-00085594 ability to gather information at the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00332-00085595-00085697 same times
5oiZkcgSu-I-00333-00085698-00086056 so complementarities matter
5oiZkcgSu-I-00334-00086057-00086338 and I think I've exhausted my 10 minutes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00335-00086339-00086656 as promised I'll stop here and I look
5oiZkcgSu-I-00336-00086657-00086861 forward to receiving questions
5oiZkcgSu-I-00337-00086862-00087059 oh thank you very much Anthony actually
5oiZkcgSu-I-00338-00087060-00087256 absolute time I should have mentioned my
5oiZkcgSu-I-00339-00087257-00087400 opening remarks that we're going to try
5oiZkcgSu-I-00340-00087401-00087694 and keep about 30 minutes or so for Q a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00341-00087695-00087809 so I'm really looking we're looking
5oiZkcgSu-I-00342-00087810-00087941 forward to getting questions from the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00343-00087942-00088079 audience we have a very large audience
5oiZkcgSu-I-00344-00088080-00088325 here online audience and so certainly
5oiZkcgSu-I-00345-00088326-00088487 we'll try to make sure that we have some
5oiZkcgSu-I-00346-00088488-00088685 questions we get some questions for the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00347-00088686-00088943 audience and responses so now I'm going
5oiZkcgSu-I-00348-00088944-00089212 to move on to Shanta devarajan Shanta
5oiZkcgSu-I-00349-00089213-00089387 this uh what anti represented leads me
5oiZkcgSu-I-00350-00089388-00089512 and I see the question I was going to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00351-00089513-00089800 ask you which is that we saw that one of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00352-00089801-00089962 the regions in the developing World
5oiZkcgSu-I-00353-00089963-00090275 substance Africa doesn't do too badly
5oiZkcgSu-I-00354-00090276-00090455 but you also notice in the graph that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00355-00090456-00090755 that Tony presented that taxable GDP has
5oiZkcgSu-I-00356-00090756-00090935 stabilized has not really improved for
5oiZkcgSu-I-00357-00090936-00091199 the last 10 15 years so in other words
5oiZkcgSu-I-00358-00091200-00091379 though there's been a bit of a catch up
5oiZkcgSu-I-00359-00091380-00091637 in southern Africa and tax of GDP we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00360-00091638-00091775 really haven't seen much improvement in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00361-00091776-00091955 the last 10 15 years in a period when we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00362-00091956-00092176 had reasonably good economic growth at
5oiZkcgSu-I-00363-00092177-00092368 least till the pandemic so that kind of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00364-00092369-00092525 leads me to this question which is very
5oiZkcgSu-I-00365-00092526-00092747 relevant and you've been done so much
5oiZkcgSu-I-00366-00092748-00092975 work on this that so what kind of policy
5oiZkcgSu-I-00367-00092976-00093191 interventions can make a difference if
5oiZkcgSu-I-00368-00093192-00093359 we wanted to enhance physical capacity
5oiZkcgSu-I-00369-00093360-00093593 Subs in Africa not just a short-term
5oiZkcgSu-I-00370-00093594-00093803 Solutions perhaps as antennas talked
5oiZkcgSu-I-00371-00093804-00094006 about which is to try and reform task
5oiZkcgSu-I-00372-00094007-00094282 systems and think of tax reforms but the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00373-00094283-00094456 more longer term Solutions the longer
5oiZkcgSu-I-00374-00094457-00094673 term kind of uh things that we're going
5oiZkcgSu-I-00375-00094674-00094811 to try and do
5oiZkcgSu-I-00376-00094812-00095038 um in in the continent so I'm very keen
5oiZkcgSu-I-00377-00095039-00095218 to hear we can hear your views on this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00378-00095219-00095368 and if you don't mind within seven
5oiZkcgSu-I-00379-00095369-00096106 minutes thank you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00380-00096107-00096485 you have to unmute yourself
5oiZkcgSu-I-00381-00096486-00096676 thank you very much it's a pleasure to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00382-00096677-00096893 be here and also a pleasure to follow
5oiZkcgSu-I-00383-00096894-00097126 from Antonio's very nice introduction
5oiZkcgSu-I-00384-00097127-00097523 because many of the themes that he uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-00385-00097524-00097709 mentioned are going to be echoed in what
5oiZkcgSu-I-00386-00097710-00097871 I have to say
5oiZkcgSu-I-00387-00097872-00098056 um I think you're right to focus on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00388-00098057-00098297 sub-Saharan Africa because there are two
5oiZkcgSu-I-00389-00098298-00098506 things that distinguish sub-Saharan
5oiZkcgSu-I-00390-00098507-00098735 Africa from many other regions of the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00391-00098736-00098944 world one is that it has a large number
5oiZkcgSu-I-00392-00098945-00099125 of resource-rich countries you know
5oiZkcgSu-I-00393-00099126-00099479 countries like Nigeria Angola Gabon
5oiZkcgSu-I-00394-00099480-00099767 Equatorial Guinea and the second is that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00395-00099768-00099988 there are many countries in Africa that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00396-00099989-00100288 receive large amounts of foreign aid and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00397-00100289-00100499 I think both of these actually have an
5oiZkcgSu-I-00398-00100500-00100841 effect on the the continent's ability to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00399-00100842-00101068 raise taxes let's take Natural Resources
5oiZkcgSu-I-00400-00101069-00101368 first see the the difference between
5oiZkcgSu-I-00401-00101369-00101693 natural resource revenues and taxes is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00402-00101694-00101974 that the resource revenues go directly
5oiZkcgSu-I-00403-00101975-00102256 from say the oil company to the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00404-00102257-00102449 government without passing through the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00405-00102450-00102682 hands of the citizens so that gives the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00406-00102683-00102910 government a lot more discretion in how
5oiZkcgSu-I-00407-00102911-00103121 to spend it and we've seen the effects
5oiZkcgSu-I-00408-00103122-00103294 of that which is that these
5oiZkcgSu-I-00409-00103295-00103510 resource-rich countries do a horrible
5oiZkcgSu-I-00410-00103511-00103960 job of uh spending uh oil revenues it to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00411-00103961-00104165 the benefit of the people I mean we see
5oiZkcgSu-I-00412-00104166-00104392 countries like Gabon Equatorial Guinea
5oiZkcgSu-I-00413-00104393-00104560 which are high income or upper middle
5oiZkcgSu-I-00414-00104561-00104777 income countries that have rates of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00415-00104778-00105083 poverty that are 30 to 40 percent this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00416-00105083-00105515 is this is uh unjustifiable uh except
5oiZkcgSu-I-00417-00105516-00105845 that basically it's Primo facie evidence
5oiZkcgSu-I-00418-00105846-00106025 that the government is not being
5oiZkcgSu-I-00419-00106026-00106228 accountable to the people now the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00420-00106229-00106523 problem is made worse as a result of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00421-00106524-00106649 this because
5oiZkcgSu-I-00422-00106650-00106858 if the government is not doing a good
5oiZkcgSu-I-00423-00106859-00107134 job in spending its oil revenues
5oiZkcgSu-I-00424-00107135-00107471 then the people are reluctant to pay
5oiZkcgSu-I-00425-00107472-00107663 taxes because it won't do any good this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00426-00107664-00107915 is what we call tax morale
5oiZkcgSu-I-00427-00107916-00108166 um so we're in this situation it's it's
5oiZkcgSu-I-00428-00108167-00108443 a it's a low-level equilibrium where
5oiZkcgSu-I-00429-00108444-00108640 governments don't want to raise taxes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00430-00108641-00108857 because they they don't want to be held
5oiZkcgSu-I-00431-00108858-00109127 accountable and citizens don't want to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00432-00109128-00109313 pay taxes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00433-00109314-00109463 because they don't think governmental
5oiZkcgSu-I-00434-00109464-00109739 will actually uh uh do anything with
5oiZkcgSu-I-00435-00109740-00109978 them and that's why it's so difficult to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00436-00109979-00110290 get the tax to revenue GD tax uh tax to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00437-00110291-00110645 GDP rate uh uh ratio up in countries in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00438-00110646-00110802 Africa
5oiZkcgSu-I-00439-00110803-00111040 because you can't do that with
5oiZkcgSu-I-00440-00111041-00111245 incremental tax reform these sort of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00441-00111246-00111478 short-term measures that Antonio was
5oiZkcgSu-I-00442-00111479-00111713 talking about you need a really a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00443-00111714-00111965 radical change in the system and let me
5oiZkcgSu-I-00444-00111966-00112121 say that the thing I've been proposing
5oiZkcgSu-I-00445-00112122-00112534 for a long time now is that instead of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00446-00112535-00112751 the government actually spending the oil
5oiZkcgSu-I-00447-00112752-00112871 revenues
5oiZkcgSu-I-00448-00112872-00113225 they should actually transfer it as cash
5oiZkcgSu-I-00449-00113226-00113495 transfers to the citizens equal amounts
5oiZkcgSu-I-00450-00113496-00113819 and then tax them so even though this is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00451-00113820-00113963 simply giving with one hand and taking
5oiZkcgSu-I-00452-00113964-00114263 with the other it fundamentally shifts
5oiZkcgSu-I-00453-00114264-00114527 the accountability mechanism and the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00454-00114528-00114719 usual question that is asked is why why
5oiZkcgSu-I-00455-00114720-00115001 would a government do that uh but I
5oiZkcgSu-I-00456-00115002-00115289 would add that in my most recent paper
5oiZkcgSu-I-00457-00115290-00115516 which is uh the one I presented at the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00458-00115517-00115810 gdn uh network uh what I show is that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00459-00115811-00115978 there might be political reasons why
5oiZkcgSu-I-00460-00115979-00116128 governments would want to do that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00461-00116129-00116351 especially if they have high
5oiZkcgSu-I-00462-00116352-00116590 expenditures coming up for which they
5oiZkcgSu-I-00463-00116591-00116771 actually need tax revenue so they're
5oiZkcgSu-I-00464-00116772-00116969 going to need to get citizens to pay
5oiZkcgSu-I-00465-00116970-00117215 taxes then let me turn to the second
5oiZkcgSu-I-00466-00117216-00117425 part which is foreign aid and this is a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00467-00117426-00117652 bit more controversial but there is a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00468-00117653-00117983 classic paper by PT Bauer uh uh back in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00469-00117983-00118210 the 1950s I think that says when will
5oiZkcgSu-I-00470-00118211-00118469 developing countries learn how to tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00471-00118470-00118678 and that was a paper about foreign aid
5oiZkcgSu-I-00472-00118679-00118919 at foreign aid actually doesn't raise
5oiZkcgSu-I-00473-00118920-00119147 incentives for governments to to to to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00474-00119148-00119381 Levy taxes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00475-00119382-00119669 now I I think we're seeing this play out
5oiZkcgSu-I-00476-00119670-00119975 in Africa in sub-Saharan Africa example
5oiZkcgSu-I-00477-00119976-00120239 I always like to use is Kenya because
5oiZkcgSu-I-00478-00120240-00120539 Kenya as you may know has the highest
5oiZkcgSu-I-00479-00120540-00120904 tax to GDP ratio in Africa how did that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00480-00120905-00121283 happen well back in 1992 the donors
5oiZkcgSu-I-00481-00121283-00121481 collectively decided they were going to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00482-00121482-00121666 cut off Aid to Kenya because of the high
5oiZkcgSu-I-00483-00121667-00121871 levels of corruption and when that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00484-00121872-00121954 happened
5oiZkcgSu-I-00485-00121955-00122321 they actually then that happened Kenya
5oiZkcgSu-I-00486-00122322-00122566 lost all this Aid money they raised
5oiZkcgSu-I-00487-00122567-00122789 taxes and they got their tax through GDP
5oiZkcgSu-I-00488-00122790-00123269 ratio up to about 22 of GDP so that to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00489-00123270-00123545 me is prima facie evidence how tax how
5oiZkcgSu-I-00490-00123546-00123815 Aid actually takes away from incentives
5oiZkcgSu-I-00491-00123816-00124102 to raise taxes now what can we do about
5oiZkcgSu-I-00492-00124103-00124427 that well uh coming from building on the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00493-00124428-00124708 the suggestion on on resource revenues
5oiZkcgSu-I-00494-00124709-00125027 why not consider Distributing Aid
5oiZkcgSu-I-00495-00125028-00125302 resources as cash transfers to Citizens
5oiZkcgSu-I-00496-00125303-00125549 and then have the governments tax them
5oiZkcgSu-I-00497-00125550-00125795 if they need money for public goods this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00498-00125796-00126036 is again a way of making
5oiZkcgSu-I-00499-00126038-00126358 making enabling citizens to hold their
5oiZkcgSu-I-00500-00126359-00126521 governments accountable and I think
5oiZkcgSu-I-00501-00126522-00126725 that's the key for all of these but it's
5oiZkcgSu-I-00502-00126726-00126952 not going to happen with incremental
5oiZkcgSu-I-00503-00126953-00127108 changes because as I said in the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00504-00127109-00127319 beginning these are low-level
5oiZkcgSu-I-00505-00127320-00127595 equilibrium equilibria that we cannot
5oiZkcgSu-I-00506-00127596-00127913 break by tinkering at the margin
5oiZkcgSu-I-00507-00127914-00128231 thanks I think that's all thanks Sean
5oiZkcgSu-I-00508-00128232-00128369 that is really important the points that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00509-00128370-00128578 you made both about cash transfers the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00510-00128579-00128854 way to increase tax morons it's kind of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00511-00128855-00129107 very uh very unusual we're looking at it
5oiZkcgSu-I-00512-00129108-00129328 but I can see the argument there
5oiZkcgSu-I-00513-00129329-00129454 um because you're giving what at one
5oiZkcgSu-I-00514-00129455-00129658 hand we're trying to also take in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00515-00129659-00129851 revenue on the other the other point
5oiZkcgSu-I-00516-00129852-00130007 about foreign aid and the Distortion
5oiZkcgSu-I-00517-00130008-00130199 effect it might have and I do think that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00518-00130200-00130402 you know it's also an argument and uh on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00519-00130403-00130558 on constant effective States and how
5oiZkcgSu-I-00520-00130559-00130721 that might also work out in those kind
5oiZkcgSu-I-00521-00130722-00130925 of regimes too so we can we can come
5oiZkcgSu-I-00522-00130926-00131045 back to that I know you need to leave
5oiZkcgSu-I-00523-00131046-00131237 for your lecture very soon but we'll go
5oiZkcgSu-I-00524-00131238-00131411 back to that in the overall discussion
5oiZkcgSu-I-00525-00131412-00131693 later on uh let me now move to scienceya
5oiZkcgSu-I-00526-00131694-00131837 Blackboard and sansia this is again very
5oiZkcgSu-I-00527-00131838-00132064 nice way springboard from vashanta said
5oiZkcgSu-I-00528-00132065-00132245 to your what I wanted to ask you because
5oiZkcgSu-I-00529-00132246-00132454 trying to talk to about the region as a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00530-00132455-00132652 whole Subs in Africa but now we want to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00531-00132653-00132893 zoom into one particular country in the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00532-00132894-00133054 country South Africa and the reason
5oiZkcgSu-I-00533-00133055-00133204 because zoom in South to South Africa is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00534-00133205-00133366 because South Africa is also done pretty
5oiZkcgSu-I-00535-00133367-00133702 well on tax over GDP ratios it's again
5oiZkcgSu-I-00536-00133703-00133919 one of the higher ratios in in the in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00537-00133920-00134219 the African continent and yeah we seem
5oiZkcgSu-I-00538-00134220-00134423 to be seeing a situation where the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00539-00134424-00134590 fiscal or the social contract is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00540-00134591-00134831 unraveling in South Africa why is that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00541-00134832-00134975 and what can that tell us a little bit
5oiZkcgSu-I-00542-00134976-00135227 about other countries in the region
5oiZkcgSu-I-00543-00135228-00135449 where who have happened yet had the kind
5oiZkcgSu-I-00544-00135450-00135683 of tax capacity that South Africa has
5oiZkcgSu-I-00545-00135684-00135940 had so sansi over to you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00546-00135941-00136157 thank you very much you know I'm also
5oiZkcgSu-I-00547-00136158-00136439 going to just try and share with you um
5oiZkcgSu-I-00548-00136440-00136840 slides with you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00549-00136841-00137123 so thank you thank you very much for for
5oiZkcgSu-I-00550-00137124-00137327 the question
5oiZkcgSu-I-00551-00137328-00137590 um so South Africa is is of course an
5oiZkcgSu-I-00552-00137591-00137861 interesting and perhaps and unusual case
5oiZkcgSu-I-00553-00137862-00138178 in the sub-Saharan context in the sense
5oiZkcgSu-I-00554-00138179-00138431 that of course we are fiscally well
5oiZkcgSu-I-00555-00138432-00138785 capacitated constitutional democracy
5oiZkcgSu-I-00556-00138786-00139066 yet our fiscal capacity does not
5oiZkcgSu-I-00557-00139067-00139445 translate into development outcomes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00558-00139446-00139727 so I would like to respond to to your
5oiZkcgSu-I-00559-00139728-00139919 question within a framework that was
5oiZkcgSu-I-00560-00139920-00140128 proposed by by Professor Walton
5oiZkcgSu-I-00561-00140129-00140352 Pritchard and from Sussex University
5oiZkcgSu-I-00562-00140353-00140633 suggesting that the state's Reliance on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00563-00140634-00140981 taxation may offer taxpayers a handle to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00564-00140982-00141275 demand accountability now it's a brief
5oiZkcgSu-I-00565-00141276-00141466 background I'm sure most people know
5oiZkcgSu-I-00566-00141467-00141593 this but South Africa of course
5oiZkcgSu-I-00567-00141594-00142001 democratized in 1994 introducing the the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00568-00142002-00142223 age of Madiba but also a complete
5oiZkcgSu-I-00569-00142224-00142627 redesign of our fiscal contract so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00570-00142628-00142973 inclusion of of the Oswald excluded
5oiZkcgSu-I-00571-00142974-00143273 majority was was of course priority and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00572-00143274-00143590 there was brought buy-in into a massive
5oiZkcgSu-I-00573-00143591-00143927 tax and transfer project to fund the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00574-00143928-00144119 social wage
5oiZkcgSu-I-00575-00144120-00144287 um and which of course we knew would
5oiZkcgSu-I-00576-00144288-00144587 also require a balancing act to also at
5oiZkcgSu-I-00577-00144588-00145085 the same time maintain our tax base
5oiZkcgSu-I-00578-00145086-00145247 can just move on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00579-00145248-00145511 so we of course know that some valuable
5oiZkcgSu-I-00580-00145512-00145883 Democratic gains were made but from 2009
5oiZkcgSu-I-00581-00145884-00146140 onwards basically with the introduction
5oiZkcgSu-I-00582-00146141-00146477 of the Zuma Administration those gains
5oiZkcgSu-I-00583-00146478-00146735 were mostly reversed and unfortunately
5oiZkcgSu-I-00584-00146736-00147028 that also introduced the era of of State
5oiZkcgSu-I-00585-00147029-00147419 capture
5oiZkcgSu-I-00586-00147420-00147773 now there are many complex facets to the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00587-00147774-00148090 state capture scenario and if one has to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00588-00148091-00148397 single out a central contributor it
5oiZkcgSu-I-00589-00148398-00148637 would have to be the role of our
5oiZkcgSu-I-00590-00148638-00148840 state-owned Enterprises
5oiZkcgSu-I-00591-00148841-00149123 so before the state-owned Enterprises
5oiZkcgSu-I-00592-00149124-00149375 were instrumental in our progress
5oiZkcgSu-I-00593-00149376-00149623 through the construction of essential
5oiZkcgSu-I-00594-00149624-00149945 infrastructure but they have now become
5oiZkcgSu-I-00595-00149946-00150269 the main vehicles for logical leakage of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00596-00150270-00150581 our public funds and we remain unable to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00597-00150582-00150833 plug these leakages through the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00598-00150834-00151114 conventional checking mechanisms for a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00599-00151115-00151337 variety of reasons that would take were
5oiZkcgSu-I-00600-00151338-00151885 too long to to discuss here
5oiZkcgSu-I-00601-00151886-00152104 some several questions being asked about
5oiZkcgSu-I-00602-00152105-00152285 whether you're sharing I don't think you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00603-00152286-00152585 need the slides but just in case I am
5oiZkcgSu-I-00604-00152586-00152771 staring I was under the impression that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00605-00152772-00152957 they are actually being shared let me
5oiZkcgSu-I-00606-00152958-00153359 try again historical you know
5oiZkcgSu-I-00607-00153360-00153502 do I don't necessarily think that you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00608-00153503-00153671 need the slides because you're very
5oiZkcgSu-I-00609-00153672-00153935 clear on what you're saying right let me
5oiZkcgSu-I-00610-00153936-00155478 try and share them again
5oiZkcgSu-I-00611-00155479-00155773 apologies about that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00612-00155774-00156149 yes we can 100 right thank you so much
5oiZkcgSu-I-00613-00156150-00156233 for
5oiZkcgSu-I-00614-00156234-00156497 alerting me to that so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00615-00156498-00156713 okay so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00616-00156714-00157013 um I think well I've mentioned that our
5oiZkcgSu-I-00617-00157014-00157204 state-owned Enterprises are quite
5oiZkcgSu-I-00618-00157205-00157463 instrumental or or have become the main
5oiZkcgSu-I-00619-00157464-00157721 vehicle for for the the state capture
5oiZkcgSu-I-00620-00157722-00157871 and the leakage of public funds that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00621-00157872-00158254 we've been unable to to plug so far and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00622-00158255-00158573 um of course he among these failures of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00623-00158574-00158740 our state-owned Enterprises of course
5oiZkcgSu-I-00624-00158741-00158951 would be our state Monopoly
5oiZkcgSu-I-00625-00158952-00159311 um electricity supplier so live in South
5oiZkcgSu-I-00626-00159312-00159575 Africa has become extremely difficult
5oiZkcgSu-I-00627-00159576-00159869 with daily long hours of electricity
5oiZkcgSu-I-00628-00159870-00160066 outages which of course also shuts down
5oiZkcgSu-I-00629-00160067-00160319 the water supply which which is supplied
5oiZkcgSu-I-00630-00160320-00160625 through electric pumps and connectivity
5oiZkcgSu-I-00631-00160626-00160931 and so on and businesses especially
5oiZkcgSu-I-00632-00160932-00161135 small businesses are failing rapidly
5oiZkcgSu-I-00633-00161136-00161489 it's just cost us about two percent of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00634-00161490-00161831 economic growth and we are now facing a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00635-00161832-00162035 recession having registered negative
5oiZkcgSu-I-00636-00162036-00162304 growth for the last quarter and this of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00637-00162305-00162437 course comes on the back of the very
5oiZkcgSu-I-00638-00162438-00162659 tough government years that we've had so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00639-00162660-00162916 they're Now talks of a failed State and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00640-00162917-00163259 even a morphea state so the question is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00641-00163260-00163576 given that taxpayers money is used to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00642-00163577-00163823 facilitate the state capture project
5oiZkcgSu-I-00643-00163824-00164176 do taxpayers perhaps have a role or a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00644-00164177-00164399 mechanism to demand accountability from
5oiZkcgSu-I-00645-00164400-00164614 a government that have successfully
5oiZkcgSu-I-00646-00164615-00164878 eluded accountability in its vertical
5oiZkcgSu-I-00647-00164879-00165401 and its horizontal forms
5oiZkcgSu-I-00648-00165402-00165616 right so I'm going to just give you a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00649-00165617-00165802 few of the statistics
5oiZkcgSu-I-00650-00165803-00166025 that we would need to explore this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00651-00166026-00166247 question so firstly as a bit of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00652-00166248-00166469 background our population is just over
5oiZkcgSu-I-00653-00166470-00166811 60 million and 34 million so it's just
5oiZkcgSu-I-00654-00166812-00167039 over half 55 and a half percent
5oiZkcgSu-I-00655-00167040-00167273 according to World Bank estimations
5oiZkcgSu-I-00656-00167274-00167575 um of the 16 million of poor
5oiZkcgSu-I-00657-00167576-00167837 approximately 27 million of our
5oiZkcgSu-I-00658-00167838-00168040 population have to survive of state
5oiZkcgSu-I-00659-00168041-00168376 grants fewer than 16 million are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00660-00168377-00168587 employed so our unemployment number is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00661-00168588-00168904 at 33 or 43 if we include the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00662-00168905-00169121 discouraged work Seekers and as I've
5oiZkcgSu-I-00663-00169122-00169319 mentioned we now in negative growth
5oiZkcgSu-I-00664-00169320-00169475 territory
5oiZkcgSu-I-00665-00169476-00169823 um possibly heading for a recession and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00666-00169824-00170147 then some tax info so I typed the GDP
5oiZkcgSu-I-00667-00170148-00170404 ratio would suggest High fiscal capacity
5oiZkcgSu-I-00668-00170405-00170759 so we are between 25 and 29 over the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00669-00170760-00171043 past few years for our tax to GDP ratio
5oiZkcgSu-I-00670-00171044-00171454 and our tax constitutes 98 of total
5oiZkcgSu-I-00671-00171455-00171635 government revenue so we do need to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00672-00171636-00171875 Wilson Bridges requirement that state is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00673-00171876-00172211 heavily reliant on on tax revenue then
5oiZkcgSu-I-00674-00172212-00172528 looking at our personal income tax 36 to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00675-00172529-00172852 39 of all tax revenue but that's raised
5oiZkcgSu-I-00676-00172853-00173183 off 5.5 million individuals that are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00677-00173184-00173549 assessed after 5.5 million fewer than 1
5oiZkcgSu-I-00678-00173550-00173921 million so I'm talking about 980 450 or
5oiZkcgSu-I-00679-00173922-00174539 980 450 individuals pay 73 of the pit so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00680-00174540-00175001 that translates to 26 of all tax revenue
5oiZkcgSu-I-00681-00175002-00175252 and one can compare this just to get an
5oiZkcgSu-I-00682-00175253-00175528 idea of scale with the contribution of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00683-00175529-00175745 our broad-based vat system which is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00684-00175746-00176063 which comes in a 25 of of tax revenue
5oiZkcgSu-I-00685-00176064-00176309 and I guess one should also then compare
5oiZkcgSu-I-00686-00176310-00176638 the 5.5 million assessed and the 980 000
5oiZkcgSu-I-00687-00176639-00176878 individuals that contribute to to pit
5oiZkcgSu-I-00688-00176879-00177197 with the fact that 27 million of our
5oiZkcgSu-I-00689-00177198-00177538 population are actually Grant recipients
5oiZkcgSu-I-00690-00177539-00177893 looking at our company income tax 20.7
5oiZkcgSu-I-00691-00177894-00178169 percent of tax revenue um comes from our
5oiZkcgSu-I-00692-00178170-00178390 CIT it used to be higher but it has
5oiZkcgSu-I-00693-00178391-00178625 declined on the back of the decline of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00694-00178626-00178954 profitability of our business sector
5oiZkcgSu-I-00695-00178955-00179254 and off of our companies that paid or
5oiZkcgSu-I-00696-00179255-00179497 that contribute to CID
5oiZkcgSu-I-00697-00179498-00179849 770 companies pay 62 percent of CIT and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00698-00179850-00180154 that translates into 13 of all tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00699-00180155-00180575 revenues so if one adds the uh the 770
5oiZkcgSu-I-00700-00180576-00180845 companies with the 980 000 individuals
5oiZkcgSu-I-00701-00180846-00181090 one arrives at the number of nearly 40
5oiZkcgSu-I-00702-00181091-00181499 39 to be precise of all of our tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00703-00181500-00181721 revenue we get from fewer than one
5oiZkcgSu-I-00704-00181722-00182009 million individuals and fewer than 1 000
5oiZkcgSu-I-00705-00182010-00182254 companies so we are dealing with a very
5oiZkcgSu-I-00706-00182255-00182561 narrow concentrated tax base just after
5oiZkcgSu-I-00707-00182562-00182837 our recent budget that was read in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00708-00182838-00183016 February one of the analysts actually
5oiZkcgSu-I-00709-00183017-00183202 remarked that we are first running out
5oiZkcgSu-I-00710-00183203-00183347 of taxpayers
5oiZkcgSu-I-00711-00183348-00183587 so these numbers of course are quite an
5oiZkcgSu-I-00712-00183588-00183940 indictment on the 1994 undertaking to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00713-00183941-00184204 pursue inclusivity for the majority of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00714-00184205-00184469 our population the majority actually
5oiZkcgSu-I-00715-00184470-00184823 remain poor unemployed and dependent on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00716-00184824-00185135 very small welfare grants
5oiZkcgSu-I-00717-00185136-00185326 now in this context launches also a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00718-00185327-00185543 member that the information regarding
5oiZkcgSu-I-00719-00185544-00185837 site capture including the fact that the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00720-00185838-00186107 perpetrators remain unpunished
5oiZkcgSu-I-00721-00186108-00186299 now this knowledge is in the public
5oiZkcgSu-I-00722-00186300-00186538 domain there was an official commission
5oiZkcgSu-I-00723-00186539-00186761 and the report has been published
5oiZkcgSu-I-00724-00186762-00187019 so knowledge of the billions that it
5oiZkcgSu-I-00725-00187020-00187204 continues to cost us along with the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00726-00187205-00187445 lived experience of the long daily power
5oiZkcgSu-I-00727-00187446-00187738 outages means that of course tax morale
5oiZkcgSu-I-00728-00187739-00188116 is really low so as a result coercive
5oiZkcgSu-I-00729-00188117-00188309 tax enforcement rules like for instance
5oiZkcgSu-I-00730-00188310-00188657 a six section 62 of a tax administration
5oiZkcgSu-I-00731-00188658-00188999 act which allows warrantless search and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00732-00189000-00189299 seizure now this raises questions of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00733-00189300-00189593 course about constitutionality but those
5oiZkcgSu-I-00734-00189594-00189749 are the kinds of measures really
5oiZkcgSu-I-00735-00189750-00189959 Draconian measures that we have to rely
5oiZkcgSu-I-00736-00189960-00190276 on to to collect our taxes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00737-00190277-00190654 So currently there is not much scope to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00738-00190655-00190943 demand accountability which is a quid
5oiZkcgSu-I-00739-00190944-00191213 pro quo nature of the fiscal contract
5oiZkcgSu-I-00740-00191214-00191543 and the notion of tax bargaining is also
5oiZkcgSu-I-00741-00191544-00191843 not readily entertained it is viewed as
5oiZkcgSu-I-00742-00191844-00192125 a tax revolt by the wealthy who are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00743-00192126-00192316 resisting Bay tax and transfer
5oiZkcgSu-I-00744-00192317-00192593 obligations rather than a challenge to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00745-00192594-00192826 the ongoing unaccountability of of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00746-00192827-00193019 government and this of course is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00747-00193020-00193276 understandable these fears given our
5oiZkcgSu-I-00748-00193277-00193588 history and of course the persisting
5oiZkcgSu-I-00749-00193589-00193919 extreme inequality so there are fears
5oiZkcgSu-I-00750-00193920-00194188 that the social transformation agenda
5oiZkcgSu-I-00751-00194189-00194452 may be hijacked by a few wealthy
5oiZkcgSu-I-00752-00194453-00194633 taxpayers
5oiZkcgSu-I-00753-00194634-00194914 and so if also true that there's a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00754-00194915-00195149 negative incentive for a state wishing
5oiZkcgSu-I-00755-00195150-00195466 to remain unaccountable to engage in tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00756-00195467-00195725 bargaining so it would serve the purpose
5oiZkcgSu-I-00757-00195726-00195964 of an unaccountable state where tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00758-00195965-00196276 bargaining May in fact be most useful to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00759-00196277-00196421 taxpayers
5oiZkcgSu-I-00760-00196422-00196649 to roll the resort to Draconian
5oiZkcgSu-I-00761-00196650-00196811 enforcement
5oiZkcgSu-I-00762-00196812-00197075 now there is quite an asymmetry between
5oiZkcgSu-I-00763-00197076-00197219 the bargaining going on on the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00764-00197220-00197404 expenditure side and the pressures and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00765-00197405-00197638 leakages on the expenditure side but I
5oiZkcgSu-I-00766-00197639-00197902 think in the interest of time Google I
5oiZkcgSu-I-00767-00197903-00198131 will get my story short here
5oiZkcgSu-I-00768-00198132-00198335 and perhaps address those if there are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00769-00198336-00198640 any questions that that arise from that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00770-00198641-00198845 thank you sansi actually again I mean
5oiZkcgSu-I-00771-00198846-00199090 it's what's really interesting here is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00772-00199091-00199288 how structural conditions matter and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00773-00199289-00199426 understanding what's happening in South
5oiZkcgSu-I-00774-00199427-00199613 Africa obviously when you have high
5oiZkcgSu-I-00775-00199614-00199840 unemployment low economic growth that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00776-00199841-00199990 leads a situation where you have a very
5oiZkcgSu-I-00777-00199991-00200195 narrow tax base as you mentioned about
5oiZkcgSu-I-00778-00200196-00200440 both personal and copyrights and of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00779-00200441-00200602 course how politics comes in the picture
5oiZkcgSu-I-00780-00200603-00200861 on around this state capture period so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00781-00200862-00201028 these are exactly telling us even though
5oiZkcgSu-I-00782-00201029-00201226 South Africa at the initial period after
5oiZkcgSu-I-00783-00201227-00201563 1994 brought in very important uh tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00784-00201564-00201814 and and transfer regimes to finance the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00785-00201815-00202054 social wage as you mentioned there is a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00786-00202055-00202288 also how important it is also think
5oiZkcgSu-I-00787-00202289-00202487 about structural conditions if those are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00788-00202488-00202733 not addressed then you have any
5oiZkcgSu-I-00789-00202734-00202876 situation as you're seeing right now in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00790-00202877-00203021 South Africa very very narrow tax base
5oiZkcgSu-I-00791-00203022-00203202 and of course problems of State
5oiZkcgSu-I-00792-00203203-00203416 Enterprises and how that might also play
5oiZkcgSu-I-00793-00203417-00203561 out in the future so it's a very
5oiZkcgSu-I-00794-00203562-00203681 important thing about and we'll come
5oiZkcgSu-I-00795-00203682-00203921 back to this issues in the Q a thank you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00796-00203922-00204125 sancia let's now move on to Major and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00797-00204126-00204276 meteor thank you so much for joining us
5oiZkcgSu-I-00798-00204277-00204611 and uh we also I mean this goes back now
5oiZkcgSu-I-00799-00204612-00204916 back again to the region so he went from
5oiZkcgSu-I-00800-00204917-00205181 shanta's discussing Subs in Africa to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00801-00205182-00205373 South Africa or back to the region once
5oiZkcgSu-I-00802-00205373-00205703 again of south of southern Africa and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00803-00205704-00205871 the questions I want to ask you are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00804-00205871-00206014 first what are the peak conditions of a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00805-00206015-00206182 fiscal State we we talked about the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00806-00206183-00206362 fiscal State being very important and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00807-00206363-00206519 Antonio made the point that is very
5oiZkcgSu-I-00808-00206519-00206705 important many different ways not only
5oiZkcgSu-I-00809-00206706-00206890 for providing public goods but also for
5oiZkcgSu-I-00810-00206891-00207196 governance uh the governance dividend
5oiZkcgSu-I-00811-00207198-00207388 um so first what are the precondition
5oiZkcgSu-I-00812-00207389-00207586 for fiscal State and of course link to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00813-00207587-00207719 that then of course the question about
5oiZkcgSu-I-00814-00207719-00207953 the region are all substance substance
5oiZkcgSu-I-00815-00207954-00208186 of uh certain African States or
5oiZkcgSu-I-00816-00208187-00208523 countries fiscal States if not why not
5oiZkcgSu-I-00817-00208523-00208840 but over to you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00818-00208841-00209129 thank you such thank you so much Kunal
5oiZkcgSu-I-00819-00209130-00209308 and also for the invitations to take
5oiZkcgSu-I-00820-00209309-00209542 part in the special issue and in this uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-00821-00209544-00209741 this webinar
5oiZkcgSu-I-00822-00209742-00210023 um can everyone can you hear me okay
5oiZkcgSu-I-00823-00210023-00210371 yes we can that's good at some point I
5oiZkcgSu-I-00824-00210371-00210587 will have two slides to share and but
5oiZkcgSu-I-00825-00210588-00210760 I'll stick to my seven minutes I think
5oiZkcgSu-I-00826-00210761-00210977 but of course obviously me and my
5oiZkcgSu-I-00827-00210978-00211217 co-authors who are Matilda Jefferson and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00828-00211217-00211505 and Anna Carolina back we found these
5oiZkcgSu-I-00829-00211506-00211721 questions extremely relevant
5oiZkcgSu-I-00830-00211721-00212081 um uh for at least two reasons
5oiZkcgSu-I-00831-00212082-00212248 um and I'm gonna turn them around so I'm
5oiZkcgSu-I-00832-00212250-00212405 gonna talk about
5oiZkcgSu-I-00833-00212406-00212705 the the last question first so to speak
5oiZkcgSu-I-00834-00212706-00212873 if that's okay
5oiZkcgSu-I-00835-00212873-00213071 um but the two reasons are I mean
5oiZkcgSu-I-00836-00213071-00213232 firstly
5oiZkcgSu-I-00837-00213233-00213413 um as was said there's an increased
5oiZkcgSu-I-00838-00213414-00213689 focus on on increasing you know domestic
5oiZkcgSu-I-00839-00213690-00213946 Revenue mobilization uh in the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00840-00213948-00214234 International Development community and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00841-00214235-00214456 that focus seems to come with an
5oiZkcgSu-I-00842-00214457-00214787 assumption that all African states are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00843-00214788-00214984 fiscal States or at least that they have
5oiZkcgSu-I-00844-00214985-00215177 the possibility or the potential to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00845-00215178-00215506 become one if their fiscal capacity is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00846-00215507-00215860 enhanced so programs to support taxation
5oiZkcgSu-I-00847-00215861-00216208 are typically formulated based on you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00848-00216209-00216394 could say an implicit assumption that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00849-00216396-00216665 the prerequisite or preconditions as you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00850-00216666-00216887 called it in your question for building
5oiZkcgSu-I-00851-00216888-00217151 or in advancing fiscal states that they
5oiZkcgSu-I-00852-00217152-00217451 exist in in low-income countries in in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00853-00217452-00217691 and in sub-Saharan Africa
5oiZkcgSu-I-00854-00217692-00217913 yes you can you can argue that if such
5oiZkcgSu-I-00855-00217914-00218201 assumptions are mistakenly made
5oiZkcgSu-I-00856-00218202-00218423 um effective tax policy implementation
5oiZkcgSu-I-00857-00218423-00218694 and fruitful yields are very unlikely
5oiZkcgSu-I-00858-00218696-00219029 regardless of any political will to tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-00859-00219030-00219281 more or will to learn how to text if you
5oiZkcgSu-I-00860-00219282-00219617 will so um so and I guess that relates
5oiZkcgSu-I-00861-00219617-00219844 also to your introductory observation
5oiZkcgSu-I-00862-00219846-00220132 about the the revenue take not having
5oiZkcgSu-I-00863-00220133-00220444 changed much during the last 15 years so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00864-00220446-00220691 recognizing the absence or presence of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00865-00220692-00220967 fiscal States is definitely a first step
5oiZkcgSu-I-00866-00220967-00221201 towards explaining why significant
5oiZkcgSu-I-00867-00221202-00221525 efforts reform efforts to take to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00868-00221526-00221758 improve the tax system for example
5oiZkcgSu-I-00869-00221759-00222041 implementation of vat has not really
5oiZkcgSu-I-00870-00222042-00222256 substantially increased the tax revenue
5oiZkcgSu-I-00871-00222257-00222473 in many African countries lately and of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00872-00222473-00222631 course this has been observed by
5oiZkcgSu-I-00873-00222632-00222917 Scholars such as Fiesta and Mick Moore
5oiZkcgSu-I-00874-00222917-00223373 and fasad and bua and so on
5oiZkcgSu-I-00875-00223373-00223606 um okay so the other reason why it's
5oiZkcgSu-I-00876-00223607-00223894 such a relevant question or two relevant
5oiZkcgSu-I-00877-00223896-00224267 questions is that um the literature does
5oiZkcgSu-I-00878-00224267-00224446 not really offer sufficient help in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00879-00224448-00224758 recognizing fiscal dates we argue simply
5oiZkcgSu-I-00880-00224759-00224929 because there's a lack of clear
5oiZkcgSu-I-00881-00224930-00225137 conceptualization so this is where we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00882-00225138-00225341 begin so actually our piece is very much
5oiZkcgSu-I-00883-00225342-00225544 a conceptual one
5oiZkcgSu-I-00884-00225546-00225605 um
5oiZkcgSu-I-00885-00225606-00225910 uh the term Fiscal State used to be a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00886-00225911-00226127 prerogative of industrialized nation
5oiZkcgSu-I-00887-00226128-00226391 states but within the past two decades
5oiZkcgSu-I-00888-00226392-00226679 this has changed and mentions of the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00889-00226680-00226973 fiscal state in scholarly work have
5oiZkcgSu-I-00890-00226973-00227237 increased across disciplines so the term
5oiZkcgSu-I-00891-00227238-00227453 is now applied in works on State
5oiZkcgSu-I-00892-00227454-00227717 Building globally and here proper
5oiZkcgSu-I-00893-00227717-00227981 conceptualization is key so we arguably
5oiZkcgSu-I-00894-00227982-00228215 need a fresh look at the concept of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00895-00228216-00228503 fiscal states to avoid conflating cause
5oiZkcgSu-I-00896-00228504-00228839 and Concepts and effects and if for the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00897-00228840-00229096 because we have if we have not clearly
5oiZkcgSu-I-00898-00229098-00229337 defined the fiscal State how can we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00899-00229338-00229667 recognize it when we see it or be
5oiZkcgSu-I-00900-00229667-00229877 certain that we are able to separate its
5oiZkcgSu-I-00901-00229878-00230146 separate its potential preconditions
5oiZkcgSu-I-00902-00230148-00230434 from its defining attributes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00903-00230435-00230529 all right
5oiZkcgSu-I-00904-00230530-00230567 [Music]
5oiZkcgSu-I-00905-00230567-00230675 um
5oiZkcgSu-I-00906-00230676-00231017 all for that matter to from its uh its
5oiZkcgSu-I-00907-00231017-00231287 effects as well so to explore how
5oiZkcgSu-I-00908-00231288-00231455 understandings of the fiscal State
5oiZkcgSu-I-00909-00231456-00231546 differ
5oiZkcgSu-I-00910-00231548-00231863 across fields and empirical contexts we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00911-00231864-00232055 carried out this systematic literature
5oiZkcgSu-I-00912-00232056-00232408 review in our article in the special
5oiZkcgSu-I-00913-00232409-00232571 issue
5oiZkcgSu-I-00914-00232571-00232894 um and and we examine the diverse
5oiZkcgSu-I-00915-00232896-00233182 understandings and applications of this
5oiZkcgSu-I-00916-00233183-00233339 concept
5oiZkcgSu-I-00917-00233340-00233560 um with a view to kind of settling on a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00918-00233561-00233851 on a on a simple and concise definition
5oiZkcgSu-I-00919-00233852-00234292 and let me let me just try to share here
5oiZkcgSu-I-00920-00234294-00234413 um
5oiZkcgSu-I-00921-00234414-00234713 can you see it uh yeah we can hear us
5oiZkcgSu-I-00922-00234714-00234856 you can probably
5oiZkcgSu-I-00923-00234857-00235103 um you slideshow that will make it uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-00924-00235104-00235487 more visible yes uh let's see if I can
5oiZkcgSu-I-00925-00235488-00235937 find the slides here isn't this it
5oiZkcgSu-I-00926-00235938-00236242 thinks so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00927-00236244-00236378 yes
5oiZkcgSu-I-00928-00236379-00236398 [Music]
5oiZkcgSu-I-00929-00236400-00236573 um
5oiZkcgSu-I-00930-00236573-00236819 so um
5oiZkcgSu-I-00931-00236819-00237010 in reviewing the literature we found
5oiZkcgSu-I-00932-00237011-00237203 that most definitions of the fiscal
5oiZkcgSu-I-00933-00237204-00237298 state
5oiZkcgSu-I-00934-00237300-00237605 they have not so much in common but they
5oiZkcgSu-I-00935-00237606-00237694 do
5oiZkcgSu-I-00936-00237696-00237953 um all most of them apply Jean Peter's
5oiZkcgSu-I-00937-00237954-00238229 simple understanding of the tax state as
5oiZkcgSu-I-00938-00238230-00238613 Reliance mainly on income from taxes and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00939-00238614-00238871 then they add the element of borrowing
5oiZkcgSu-I-00940-00238871-00239075 but beyond this Common Ground
5oiZkcgSu-I-00941-00239076-00239356 understandings of the concept
5oiZkcgSu-I-00942-00239357-00239584 um vary in terms of intention as we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00943-00239585-00239760 indicate here in the figure
5oiZkcgSu-I-00944-00239761-00240029 an intention refers to a Concepts
5oiZkcgSu-I-00945-00240030-00240310 defining attributes but also its
5oiZkcgSu-I-00946-00240311-00240605 extension so the empirical cases to
5oiZkcgSu-I-00947-00240606-00240901 which a concept applies so our
5oiZkcgSu-I-00948-00240902-00241115 sub-Saharan African States fiscal States
5oiZkcgSu-I-00949-00241116-00241229 for instance
5oiZkcgSu-I-00950-00241230-00241492 so to accommodate the challenges that we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00951-00241494-00241781 identify in the literature review
5oiZkcgSu-I-00952-00241782-00241942 um we find that a parsimonious
5oiZkcgSu-I-00953-00241944-00242308 definition should have like should live
5oiZkcgSu-I-00954-00242309-00242506 up to three features first of all the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00955-00242507-00242734 concept should not include the size and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00956-00242735-00242932 composition of public expenditure
5oiZkcgSu-I-00957-00242933-00243196 because it would kind of not separate it
5oiZkcgSu-I-00958-00243198-00243371 probably you know enough from its
5oiZkcgSu-I-00959-00243371-00243713 effects so public expenditure can itself
5oiZkcgSu-I-00960-00243714-00243917 be explained by the nature of the fiscal
5oiZkcgSu-I-00961-00243917-00244006 state
5oiZkcgSu-I-00962-00244007-00244223 second it should be clearly
5oiZkcgSu-I-00963-00244223-00244577 distinguishable from other effects such
5oiZkcgSu-I-00964-00244578-00244925 as welfare governance and inequality
5oiZkcgSu-I-00965-00244926-00245105 um and thirdly it should be
5oiZkcgSu-I-00966-00245106-00245303 distinguishable from its preconditions
5oiZkcgSu-I-00967-00245304-00245525 such as for instance the level of
5oiZkcgSu-I-00968-00245526-00245806 commercialization of the economy so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00969-00245807-00246094 drawing on make More's work and also
5oiZkcgSu-I-00970-00246096-00246442 bunnies work more historical work we
5oiZkcgSu-I-00971-00246444-00246629 offer a definition which we believe
5oiZkcgSu-I-00972-00246630-00247013 lives up to these um requirements so
5oiZkcgSu-I-00973-00247014-00247163 which are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00974-00247164-00247408 that we Define the physical state as a
5oiZkcgSu-I-00975-00247409-00247642 state whose public Revenue base is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00976-00247644-00247901 dominated by tax revenue and loans and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00977-00247902-00248098 where the relationship between Taxation
5oiZkcgSu-I-00978-00248100-00248321 and external and domestic borrowing is
5oiZkcgSu-I-00979-00248321-00248603 balanced and thereby sustainable and
5oiZkcgSu-I-00980-00248604-00249034 characterized by interdependence
5oiZkcgSu-I-00981-00249035-00249317 okay some contributions in the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00982-00249317-00249581 literature reviewed would say that all
5oiZkcgSu-I-00983-00249582-00249815 modern states are fiscal States simply
5oiZkcgSu-I-00984-00249816-00249971 because they have the ability to raise
5oiZkcgSu-I-00985-00249971-00250223 revenue but our definition implies that
5oiZkcgSu-I-00986-00250223-00250432 not all sub-Saharan African states are
5oiZkcgSu-I-00987-00250433-00250703 fiscal States many do not live up to the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00988-00250704-00250960 criteria of tax dominance for instance
5oiZkcgSu-I-00989-00250961-00251410 in in Venture States as uh there are the
5oiZkcgSu-I-00990-00251411-00251539 answer
5oiZkcgSu-I-00991-00251540-00251819 point was also that they're you know in
5oiZkcgSu-I-00992-00251819-00252071 States depending on natural resource
5oiZkcgSu-I-00993-00252071-00252287 rents or foreign aid
5oiZkcgSu-I-00994-00252288-00252556 um the revenue base may not be dominated
5oiZkcgSu-I-00995-00252557-00252803 by tax but by rents from extractive
5oiZkcgSu-I-00996-00252804-00252941 Industries
5oiZkcgSu-I-00997-00252942-00253241 or um
5oiZkcgSu-I-00998-00253242-00253456 States may not live up to the criteria
5oiZkcgSu-I-00999-00253457-00253667 of a balance between Taxation and Loans
5oiZkcgSu-I-01000-00253667-00253853 in death states which is a different
5oiZkcgSu-I-01001-00253854-00254027 type of State than a fiscal States
5oiZkcgSu-I-01002-00254028-00254219 altogether
5oiZkcgSu-I-01003-00254219-00254598 um the loans are dominant and not taxes
5oiZkcgSu-I-01004-00254600-00254927 and in others again the balance may not
5oiZkcgSu-I-01005-00254928-00255215 be sustainable so we try to indicate it
5oiZkcgSu-I-01006-00255216-00255479 in this typology here
5oiZkcgSu-I-01007-00255480-00255556 um
5oiZkcgSu-I-01008-00255557-00255748 that there are different kinds of states
5oiZkcgSu-I-01009-00255750-00255905 and the mere fact that there are
5oiZkcgSu-I-01010-00255906-00256079 different types and these are of course
5oiZkcgSu-I-01011-00256080-00256481 ideal types will be an answer will lead
5oiZkcgSu-I-01012-00256482-00256775 to an answer that no not all states or
5oiZkcgSu-I-01013-00256776-00256996 in these states in sub-Saharan African
5oiZkcgSu-I-01014-00256998-00257496 states are fiscal States
5oiZkcgSu-I-01015-00257498-00257782 because I don't think we'd see it the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01016-00257783-00258017 last slide I think but
5oiZkcgSu-I-01017-00258017-00258496 you didn't see it no it couldn't um
5oiZkcgSu-I-01018-00258498-00259277 that's very strange because it's a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01019-00259278-00259444 indeed now
5oiZkcgSu-I-01020-00259446-00259679 well anyways you can look at the article
5oiZkcgSu-I-01021-00259680-00260003 uh but we have a typology that kind of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01022-00260004-00260279 goes on the level of Taxation balanced
5oiZkcgSu-I-01023-00260280-00260429 with the level of powering and then we
5oiZkcgSu-I-01024-00260430-00260608 place tax dates we're in tier States
5oiZkcgSu-I-01025-00260609-00260927 fiscal States and death States in it
5oiZkcgSu-I-01026-00260928-00260987 um
5oiZkcgSu-I-01027-00260988-00261119 right
5oiZkcgSu-I-01028-00261119-00261394 so the answer to the first question are
5oiZkcgSu-I-01029-00261396-00261641 all states fiscal States would then be
5oiZkcgSu-I-01030-00261642-00261971 no and very briefly in the end here and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01031-00261971-00262234 this is because we argue that directly
5oiZkcgSu-I-01032-00262235-00262480 related to your second question or first
5oiZkcgSu-I-01033-00262481-00262763 question on the preconditions they often
5oiZkcgSu-I-01034-00262764-00263015 do not exist the most contributions
5oiZkcgSu-I-01035-00263016-00263206 would highlight a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01036-00263207-00263471 Diversified economy and agricultural
5oiZkcgSu-I-01037-00263472-00263747 transformation as preconditions
5oiZkcgSu-I-01038-00263748-00264029 um for example in his 2013 piece he
5oiZkcgSu-I-01039-00264030-00264334 argues that and I quote the emergence of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01040-00264335-00264575 a modern fiscal state is dependent on
5oiZkcgSu-I-01041-00264576-00264767 the level of commercial development in
5oiZkcgSu-I-01042-00264768-00265043 the economy for which reason the modern
5oiZkcgSu-I-01043-00265044-00265313 fiscal state is unlikely to appear in an
5oiZkcgSu-I-01044-00265314-00265571 agrarian economy
5oiZkcgSu-I-01045-00265572-00265793 the lack of agricultural transformation
5oiZkcgSu-I-01046-00265794-00266063 is an important precondition but one
5oiZkcgSu-I-01047-00266064-00266260 that is often not discussed other than
5oiZkcgSu-I-01048-00266261-00266543 in very generic terms We Believe such as
5oiZkcgSu-I-01049-00266544-00266825 the need to tax the informal sector or
5oiZkcgSu-I-01050-00266826-00267089 to improve agricultural taxation
5oiZkcgSu-I-01051-00267090-00267293 and I think we need to be reminded what
5oiZkcgSu-I-01052-00267294-00267527 David Booth wrote in a in an excellent
5oiZkcgSu-I-01053-00267528-00267803 recent working paper we need to be
5oiZkcgSu-I-01054-00267804-00268013 reminded that the lack of real-world
5oiZkcgSu-I-01055-00268014-00268199 transformation in Africa is important
5oiZkcgSu-I-01056-00268200-00268571 not just for economic reasons uh to do
5oiZkcgSu-I-01057-00268572-00268847 with jobs and the youth bulge it is also
5oiZkcgSu-I-01058-00268848-00269039 a problem from the point of view of the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01059-00269040-00269273 chances of consolidating effective
5oiZkcgSu-I-01060-00269274-00269506 liberal and Democratic states and so
5oiZkcgSu-I-01061-00269507-00269771 that you could add fiscal States
5oiZkcgSu-I-01062-00269772-00269956 um so the fact that many sub-Saharan
5oiZkcgSu-I-01063-00269957-00270130 African states are not physical States
5oiZkcgSu-I-01064-00270131-00270377 and to a large extent be explained by
5oiZkcgSu-I-01065-00270378-00270619 the absence of economic preconditions
5oiZkcgSu-I-01066-00270620-00270923 taxing more requires first and foremost
5oiZkcgSu-I-01067-00270924-00271210 at taxable Surplus and this requires
5oiZkcgSu-I-01068-00271211-00271349 economic transformation and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01069-00271350-00271656 diversification without such a tax base
5oiZkcgSu-I-01070-00271657-00271913 loans are acquired on other and more
5oiZkcgSu-I-01071-00271914-00272147 vulnerable foundations
5oiZkcgSu-I-01072-00272148-00272405 so in a way that was your answer to the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01073-00272406-00272615 first question on preconditions
5oiZkcgSu-I-01074-00272616-00272873 um and we think that this conclusion has
5oiZkcgSu-I-01075-00272874-00273053 important implications for subsequent
5oiZkcgSu-I-01076-00273054-00273287 policy recommendations which tend to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01077-00273288-00273556 focus overwhelmingly on on nearly
5oiZkcgSu-I-01078-00273557-00273856 increasing domestic taxation
5oiZkcgSu-I-01079-00273857-00274097 thank you I met again I think the point
5oiZkcgSu-I-01080-00274098-00274408 in making is very very closely linked to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01081-00274409-00274565 what we heard from Anthony and also
5oiZkcgSu-I-01082-00274566-00274756 Shanta and Sansa that ultimately you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01083-00274757-00274889 have to think about the precondition and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01084-00274890-00275123 economic days the the more deeper
5oiZkcgSu-I-01085-00275124-00275375 factors we wish deep fundamental
5oiZkcgSu-I-01086-00275376-00275669 instruments of fiscal capacity and and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01087-00275670-00275897 sometimes one worries that the focus
5oiZkcgSu-I-01088-00275898-00276137 just reforming tax systems as we often
5oiZkcgSu-I-01089-00276138-00276437 see uh from donors may not be the best
5oiZkcgSu-I-01090-00276438-00276634 to think about how a fiscal state will
5oiZkcgSu-I-01091-00276635-00276784 be created we'll come back to that again
5oiZkcgSu-I-01092-00276785-00277001 later on I can see there's some
5oiZkcgSu-I-01093-00277002-00277163 questions uh team is one question for
5oiZkcgSu-I-01094-00277164-00277432 Antonio here uh I don't know if I don't
5oiZkcgSu-I-01095-00277433-00277606 know if you can see the question uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-01096-00277607-00277901 that's come uh for you from Paulo
5oiZkcgSu-I-01097-00277902-00278069 direnzio
5oiZkcgSu-I-01098-00278070-00278237 um he wants to know you know she wants
5oiZkcgSu-I-01099-00278238-00278458 to know what the policy implications are
5oiZkcgSu-I-01100-00278459-00278693 and let me see if I can be more care
5oiZkcgSu-I-01101-00278694-00278891 about exactly
5oiZkcgSu-I-01102-00278892-00279143 um so yeah the question really is uh you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01103-00279144-00279377 mentioned about Romig not been built in
5oiZkcgSu-I-01104-00279378-00279706 a day talks about political politics and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01105-00279707-00279832 so on
5oiZkcgSu-I-01106-00279833-00280115 um but it seems that some are more
5oiZkcgSu-I-01107-00280116-00280277 significant than others from what you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01108-00280278-00280565 said and from so what can you what kind
5oiZkcgSu-I-01109-00280566-00280721 of policy
5oiZkcgSu-I-01110-00280722-00280973 advice can you give among the factors
5oiZkcgSu-I-01111-00280974-00281129 you mentioned which are very specific
5oiZkcgSu-I-01112-00281130-00281339 particularly in low-income countries
5oiZkcgSu-I-01113-00281340-00281525 that are relevant policy for policy
5oiZkcgSu-I-01114-00281526-00281747 makers what would you pick out as the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01115-00281748-00282034 most important factor
5oiZkcgSu-I-01116-00282035-00282179 okay
5oiZkcgSu-I-01117-00282180-00282521 um thank you uh Paolo it's um Paulo
5oiZkcgSu-I-01118-00282522-00282677 derencio who asked the question and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01119-00282678-00282923 thank you Kunal for for uh you know
5oiZkcgSu-I-01120-00282924-00283237 putting the question to to me and uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-01121-00283238-00283637 in a way rephrasing it so so that is
5oiZkcgSu-I-01122-00283638-00283801 even more pregnant
5oiZkcgSu-I-01123-00283802-00284213 it's uh complex the answer is is not
5oiZkcgSu-I-01124-00284214-00284484 it's not a straightforward one and uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-01125-00284485-00284832 intellectual honesty also suggests that
5oiZkcgSu-I-01126-00284833-00285256 we don't you know make too much of our
5oiZkcgSu-I-01127-00285257-00285523 of our claims and in particular over
5oiZkcgSu-I-01128-00285524-00285821 lessons two and four that the history
5oiZkcgSu-I-01129-00285822-00286229 matters and complementalities matter so
5oiZkcgSu-I-01130-00286230-00286456 let me say this at the start but
5oiZkcgSu-I-01131-00286457-00286756 nonetheless Paolo has asked a very good
5oiZkcgSu-I-01132-00286757-00287080 question the way I interpret this uh if
5oiZkcgSu-I-01133-00287081-00287410 I may is we talked about historical
5oiZkcgSu-I-01134-00287411-00287819 conditions that may facilitate or not
5oiZkcgSu-I-01135-00287820-00288058 building a tax attack system and a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01136-00288059-00288358 fiscal state in general and we talked
5oiZkcgSu-I-01137-00288359-00288743 about complementarities but what is the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01138-00288744-00288929 sequence there so the the question
5oiZkcgSu-I-01139-00288930-00289180 really boils down to what kind of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01140-00289181-00289415 sequencing policy terms it should take
5oiZkcgSu-I-01141-00289416-00289919 when you when you imagine steps
5oiZkcgSu-I-01142-00289920-00289993 um
5oiZkcgSu-I-01143-00289994-00290410 we don't go that that far so we haven't
5oiZkcgSu-I-01144-00290411-00290734 got in what uh in our research a clear
5oiZkcgSu-I-01145-00290735-00290884 sequencing
5oiZkcgSu-I-01146-00290885-00291299 but we do see that uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-01147-00291300-00291575 by acknowledging that Rome wasn't built
5oiZkcgSu-I-01148-00291576-00291821 in a day and that the history matters
5oiZkcgSu-I-01149-00291822-00292067 we see that there's at least as a first
5oiZkcgSu-I-01150-00292068-00292415 step to understand that reforms in a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01151-00292416-00292558 certain contexts
5oiZkcgSu-I-01152-00292559-00292967 are more likely to succeed than others
5oiZkcgSu-I-01153-00292968-00293165 so that that's something that when it
5oiZkcgSu-I-01154-00293166-00293591 comes to institutional design if you are
5oiZkcgSu-I-01155-00293592-00293891 a donor or a policy maker in general is
5oiZkcgSu-I-01156-00293892-00294084 something that you can keep into account
5oiZkcgSu-I-01157-00294085-00294443 when for example USS risks and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01158-00294444-00294677 opportunities over of a certain reform
5oiZkcgSu-I-01159-00294678-00295019 that you may want to uh undertake
5oiZkcgSu-I-01160-00295020-00295145 um
5oiZkcgSu-I-01161-00295146-00295529 uh going to what we have actually done
5oiZkcgSu-I-01162-00295530-00295739 with Mary Malini and orteger for just
5oiZkcgSu-I-01163-00295740-00295871 that they've done when you think about
5oiZkcgSu-I-01164-00295872-00296153 the our paper in the special issue in
5oiZkcgSu-I-01165-00296154-00296447 Uganda different regions of the country
5oiZkcgSu-I-01166-00296448-00296669 have different Norms of tax compliance
5oiZkcgSu-I-01167-00296670-00296975 why it goes back to pre-colonial times
5oiZkcgSu-I-01168-00296976-00297460 and it is still matters today so this is
5oiZkcgSu-I-01169-00297461-00297737 perhaps an example that I can bring on
5oiZkcgSu-I-01170-00297738-00298025 this on complementarities and I don't
5oiZkcgSu-I-01171-00298026-00298325 want to go on for a too long on
5oiZkcgSu-I-01172-00298326-00298534 complementarities is something that we
5oiZkcgSu-I-01173-00298535-00298697 see that we don't see some
5oiZkcgSu-I-01174-00298698-00298943 complementarities that matters more than
5oiZkcgSu-I-01175-00298944-00299215 other but we do see that
5oiZkcgSu-I-01176-00299216-00299503 like Marina and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01177-00299504-00299782 Michelle Darcy in the paper of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01178-00299783-00299987 Specialists who argue you at the same
5oiZkcgSu-I-01179-00299988-00300197 time need to develop some legal capacity
5oiZkcgSu-I-01180-00300198-00300413 as well as fiscal capacity so every
5oiZkcgSu-I-01181-00300414-00300730 attack system uh sorry abena property
5oiZkcgSu-I-01182-00300731-00301115 right system that can expand the tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-01183-00301116-00301349 base is can at the same time it gives
5oiZkcgSu-I-01184-00301350-00301506 you facilitate
5oiZkcgSu-I-01185-00301507-00301865 the development of attack system
5oiZkcgSu-I-01186-00301866-00302201 and similarly we find in the Latin
5oiZkcgSu-I-01187-00302202-00302477 American context a particular Argentina
5oiZkcgSu-I-01188-00302478-00302765 and Chile case studies by ilal soy Fair
5oiZkcgSu-I-01189-00302766-00303208 Mathis omahao and Jose Perez we find
5oiZkcgSu-I-01190-00303209-00303406 that information capacity there matters
5oiZkcgSu-I-01191-00303407-00303599 so the ability of a Latin American
5oiZkcgSu-I-01192-00303600-00303875 states to gather information to collect
5oiZkcgSu-I-01193-00303876-00304156 revenues so if at the same time you you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01194-00304157-00304391 have that you are in a in a better
5oiZkcgSu-I-01195-00304392-00304595 position which of these
5oiZkcgSu-I-01196-00304596-00304829 complementarities matters more
5oiZkcgSu-I-01197-00304830-00305129 we don't know we don't know yet but I
5oiZkcgSu-I-01198-00305130-00305321 guess Apollo's question is telling us to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01199-00305322-00305675 do more research of this if if I can if
5oiZkcgSu-I-01200-00305676-00305945 I can think about the next steps for our
5oiZkcgSu-I-01201-00305946-00306137 project I hope this gives an answer and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01202-00306138-00306245 I'll stop being here because I don't
5oiZkcgSu-I-01203-00306246-00306460 want to go on for too long
5oiZkcgSu-I-01204-00306461-00306634 Andrew thank you so much you know if
5oiZkcgSu-I-01205-00306635-00306767 you've got two more questions and many
5oiZkcgSu-I-01206-00306768-00307049 do you want to come into on the policy
5oiZkcgSu-I-01207-00307050-00307306 implications
5oiZkcgSu-I-01208-00307307-00307703 um just uh just this brief comment so uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-01209-00307704-00307906 well I think it's also important to take
5oiZkcgSu-I-01210-00307907-00308158 seriously that I mean there may be a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01211-00308159-00308453 reason someone said well African what
5oiZkcgSu-I-01212-00308454-00308608 could you answer your African stuff for
5oiZkcgSu-I-01213-00308609-00308723 her in African States aren't really
5oiZkcgSu-I-01214-00308724-00308969 doing that badly I mean it has raised
5oiZkcgSu-I-01215-00308970-00309143 and then it has stagnated but maybe
5oiZkcgSu-I-01216-00309144-00309310 that's because they're at the optimum
5oiZkcgSu-I-01217-00309311-00309604 given the structural preconditions and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01218-00309605-00309767 then I think a policy an important
5oiZkcgSu-I-01219-00309768-00309995 policy recommendation would be
5oiZkcgSu-I-01220-00309996-00310217 that there might be certain kinds of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01221-00310218-00310480 taxes that it would be better to abstain
5oiZkcgSu-I-01222-00310481-00310684 from in the short run because it could
5oiZkcgSu-I-01223-00310685-00310837 also lead to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01224-00310838-00311129 obsessive registration as Mick Moore has
5oiZkcgSu-I-01225-00311130-00311380 recently argued or it could lead to you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01226-00311381-00311669 know excessive coercion which is not
5oiZkcgSu-I-01227-00311670-00311915 really you know promoting a good fiscal
5oiZkcgSu-I-01228-00311916-00312023 contract
5oiZkcgSu-I-01229-00312024-00312197 um if this time I would very much like
5oiZkcgSu-I-01230-00312198-00312479 to ask sencia that whether you know you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01231-00312480-00312682 think that the South Africa has gone
5oiZkcgSu-I-01232-00312683-00312958 from being a fiscal state to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01233-00312959-00313303 maybe changing towards you know
5oiZkcgSu-I-01234-00313304-00313601 increasing in debt debtedness or that it
5oiZkcgSu-I-01235-00313602-00313799 you know that it's becoming a different
5oiZkcgSu-I-01236-00313800-00314189 kind of state that you may not no longer
5oiZkcgSu-I-01237-00314190-00314351 be called a fiscal State I don't know it
5oiZkcgSu-I-01238-00314352-00314530 was just a thought that I got when I
5oiZkcgSu-I-01239-00314531-00314923 heard your excellent presentation
5oiZkcgSu-I-01240-00314924-00315191 the next question is probably perhaps
5oiZkcgSu-I-01241-00315192-00315460 answer to also think about because it's
5oiZkcgSu-I-01242-00315461-00315658 a question from Armin Von Skiller which
5oiZkcgSu-I-01243-00315659-00316147 will argues that you know and foreign
5oiZkcgSu-I-01244-00316148-00316391 not the most important thing it's what
5oiZkcgSu-I-01245-00316392-00316558 you spend the money on the tax revenue
5oiZkcgSu-I-01246-00316559-00316799 is on and the point that you know uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-01247-00316800-00316973 Shanta made it at the beginning which is
5oiZkcgSu-I-01248-00316974-00317165 another excellent point of this low
5oiZkcgSu-I-01249-00317166-00317410 level equilibrium trap where governments
5oiZkcgSu-I-01250-00317411-00317603 really don't want to tax because it
5oiZkcgSu-I-01251-00317604-00317777 won't be held accountable and citizens
5oiZkcgSu-I-01252-00317778-00317939 want to pay taxes because they feel
5oiZkcgSu-I-01253-00317940-00318137 whatever they pay taxes are not going to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01254-00318138-00318425 be used in a proper way so my question
5oiZkcgSu-I-01255-00318426-00318593 then is that how do we get on this low
5oiZkcgSu-I-01256-00318594-00318773 low level Chrome traffic I think it
5oiZkcgSu-I-01257-00318774-00318977 seems to be in South Africa even though
5oiZkcgSu-I-01258-00318978-00319199 it still has high tax which GDP it's not
5oiZkcgSu-I-01259-00319200-00319475 still as high as could be and or perhaps
5oiZkcgSu-I-01260-00319476-00319703 even potentially not even going to stay
5oiZkcgSu-I-01261-00319704-00319925 at that level so how can South Africa
5oiZkcgSu-I-01262-00319926-00320069 get out of what you seem to be
5oiZkcgSu-I-01263-00320070-00320380 suggesting is a low level equipment trap
5oiZkcgSu-I-01264-00320381-00320560 and then link to the question the major
5oiZkcgSu-I-01265-00320561-00320801 also asked you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01266-00320802-00321082 sure you know I think um
5oiZkcgSu-I-01267-00321083-00321395 as some of the other speakers you know
5oiZkcgSu-I-01268-00321396-00321629 has also emphasized you know the devil's
5oiZkcgSu-I-01269-00321630-00321904 always in the details and in our case I
5oiZkcgSu-I-01270-00321905-00322079 think our concern well obviously on the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01271-00322080-00322265 revenue side the tax base is a huge
5oiZkcgSu-I-01272-00322266-00322499 concern and but on the you know the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01273-00322500-00322649 bigger concern I think is on the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01274-00322650-00322895 expenditure side and if one you know if
5oiZkcgSu-I-01275-00322896-00323080 the tax base weren't a position to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01276-00323081-00323273 renegotiate the fiscal contract if there
5oiZkcgSu-I-01277-00323274-00323423 was sort of a possibility of tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-01278-00323424-00323651 bargaining I think that would be it
5oiZkcgSu-I-01279-00323652-00323903 would not so much be the level of tax um
5oiZkcgSu-I-01280-00323904-00324173 that's being levied but it would be the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01281-00324174-00324473 way in which it is is being spent so um
5oiZkcgSu-I-01282-00324474-00324815 given the the large imperative to to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01283-00324816-00325067 spend on on the social wage you know so
5oiZkcgSu-I-01284-00325068-00325306 we still continue to do that in sort of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01285-00325307-00325558 absolute amounts so but 62 percent of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01286-00325559-00325721 our expenditure still goes towards the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01287-00325722-00325937 social wage but whatever was supposed to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01288-00325938-00326213 go to towards Economic Development to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01289-00326214-00326356 the maintenance and the building of the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01290-00326357-00326597 tax base that just goes missing so the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01291-00326598-00326753 infrastructure is grumbled and that of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01292-00326754-00326999 course has undermined the potential
5oiZkcgSu-I-01293-00327000-00327221 um to to maintain design the the tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-01294-00327222-00327473 base but then of course as far as you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01295-00327474-00327647 know the social wage is concerned we
5oiZkcgSu-I-01296-00327648-00327832 spend a large amount you know the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01297-00327833-00328001 largest amount you know looking at the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01298-00328002-00328151 functional classification does go
5oiZkcgSu-I-01299-00328152-00328534 towards education 24.3 percent so in in
5oiZkcgSu-I-01300-00328535-00328708 quantitative terms a really high
5oiZkcgSu-I-01301-00328709-00328882 percentage I think especially in the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01302-00328883-00329087 context of sub-Saharan Africa youth
5oiZkcgSu-I-01303-00329088-00329297 percentage depends on on our education
5oiZkcgSu-I-01304-00329298-00329554 but there's a huge quality problem there
5oiZkcgSu-I-01305-00329555-00329680 you know looking at the international
5oiZkcgSu-I-01306-00329681-00329963 tests you know many of our kids are
5oiZkcgSu-I-01307-00329964-00330173 almost functionally illiterate at levels
5oiZkcgSu-I-01308-00330174-00330304 when they were supposed to be reading
5oiZkcgSu-I-01309-00330305-00330617 well and to be you know um quite uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-01310-00330618-00330863 quantitatively literate and then of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01311-00330864-00331091 course a large amount goes to our social
5oiZkcgSu-I-01312-00331092-00331367 grants that's also spending arising
5oiZkcgSu-I-01313-00331368-00331613 quite fast but the big problem is that
5oiZkcgSu-I-01314-00331614-00331817 the third largest component on our
5oiZkcgSu-I-01315-00331818-00332051 expenditure side goes towards debt
5oiZkcgSu-I-01316-00332052-00332315 servicing and of course our public date
5oiZkcgSu-I-01317-00332316-00332603 stock is rising really fast given the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01318-00332604-00332795 economic growth that we don't have to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01319-00332796-00333071 service that so the date service cost is
5oiZkcgSu-I-01320-00333072-00333263 definitely a big problem and especially
5oiZkcgSu-I-01321-00333264-00333508 in the context of our repeated you know
5oiZkcgSu-I-01322-00333509-00333827 downgrade by writing agencies given the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01323-00333828-00334025 state-owned Enterprises per economic
5oiZkcgSu-I-01324-00334026-00334180 performance
5oiZkcgSu-I-01325-00334181-00334373 um and many people say that you know
5oiZkcgSu-I-01326-00334374-00334517 given the date service cost that's
5oiZkcgSu-I-01327-00334518-00334823 Rising so fast we are fast approaching a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01328-00334824-00335021 fiscal cliff you know so our date
5oiZkcgSu-I-01329-00335022-00335284 service cost comes in at 15.8 percent in
5oiZkcgSu-I-01330-00335285-00335560 the latest budget our health budget
5oiZkcgSu-I-01331-00335561-00335915 which should serve as 82 percent of our
5oiZkcgSu-I-01332-00335916-00336317 population gets only 13.8 percent of the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01333-00336318-00336539 expenditure which is it which is highly
5oiZkcgSu-I-01334-00336540-00336701 problematic and apart from that still
5oiZkcgSu-I-01335-00336702-00336893 being in quantitative terms rather a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01336-00336894-00337054 large amount
5oiZkcgSu-I-01337-00337055-00337253 um qualitatively you know the health
5oiZkcgSu-I-01338-00337254-00337499 care is is is failing the the the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01339-00337500-00337823 population so in terms of quality on the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01340-00337824-00337991 expenditure side and then of course the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01341-00337992-00338249 rising the date cost and the fact that
5oiZkcgSu-I-01342-00338250-00338393 what should have gone to infrastructure
5oiZkcgSu-I-01343-00338394-00338608 explain it just goes through you know
5oiZkcgSu-I-01344-00338609-00338789 it's like a leaking bucket on the on the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01345-00338790-00338956 soe side
5oiZkcgSu-I-01346-00338957-00339232 um so the tax base is not maintained so
5oiZkcgSu-I-01347-00339233-00339479 in that regard it's it's it's a problem
5oiZkcgSu-I-01348-00339480-00339737 so I made it to come back to your your
5oiZkcgSu-I-01349-00339738-00339887 remarks so I think looking at the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01350-00339888-00340079 expenditure side as a fiscal State we're
5oiZkcgSu-I-01351-00340080-00340289 definitely underperforming quite badly
5oiZkcgSu-I-01352-00340290-00340499 whereas if you look at the you know on
5oiZkcgSu-I-01353-00340500-00340780 the the tax side we perhaps not doing
5oiZkcgSu-I-01354-00340781-00340997 that poorly if one could forget for a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01355-00340998-00341182 moment the fact that much of that's LED
5oiZkcgSu-I-01356-00341183-00341404 it through really coercive enforcement
5oiZkcgSu-I-01357-00341405-00341573 and there is increasingly I think
5oiZkcgSu-I-01358-00341574-00341891 pushback from compliant tax base you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01359-00341892-00342017 know complaining that they are being
5oiZkcgSu-I-01360-00342018-00342371 bullied by by you know a very very well
5oiZkcgSu-I-01361-00342372-00342497 thanked
5oiZkcgSu-I-01362-00342498-00342784 um Tax Administration
5oiZkcgSu-I-01363-00342785-00342995 thank you Sans here
5oiZkcgSu-I-01364-00342996-00343132 um it's actually very interesting
5oiZkcgSu-I-01365-00343133-00343427 observations what Unity has a program in
5oiZkcgSu-I-01366-00343428-00343679 South Africa where we also have a world
5oiZkcgSu-I-01367-00343680-00343834 stream and taxations it's really good
5oiZkcgSu-I-01368-00343835-00343973 for us to sort of think about these
5oiZkcgSu-I-01369-00343974-00344141 issues I'm going to ask the last
5oiZkcgSu-I-01370-00344142-00344447 question to to this is a question really
5oiZkcgSu-I-01371-00344448-00344597 for you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01372-00344598-00344789 um it's about optimal physical capacity
5oiZkcgSu-I-01373-00344790-00345113 in uh if there was a optimistic capacity
5oiZkcgSu-I-01374-00345114-00345382 they talk about tax and loans and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01375-00345383-00345677 balancing the two so is there a kind of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01376-00345678-00345880 optimal balance is it like I mean 50
5oiZkcgSu-I-01377-00345881-00346145 percent each in which in which or
5oiZkcgSu-I-01378-00346146-00346432 something something are different so
5oiZkcgSu-I-01379-00346433-00346595 what is it that the what is the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01380-00346596-00346810 balancing here that one needs in
5oiZkcgSu-I-01381-00346811-00347087 creating fiscal States between tax and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01382-00347088-00347339 Loans as you argue and and also how does
5oiZkcgSu-I-01383-00347340-00347489 one get there what kind of policy is
5oiZkcgSu-I-01384-00347490-00347753 going one think about to balance this
5oiZkcgSu-I-01385-00347754-00347939 this two sides of the fiscal capacity
5oiZkcgSu-I-01386-00347940-00348263 story ducks and Loans it's over two last
5oiZkcgSu-I-01387-00348264-00348580 question okay thanks yes and a very very
5oiZkcgSu-I-01388-00348581-00348941 difficult one uh so so because I think
5oiZkcgSu-I-01389-00348942-00349229 and and you could also say that this is
5oiZkcgSu-I-01390-00349230-00349384 a weak point in our piece actually
5oiZkcgSu-I-01391-00349385-00349589 because what is a balanced relationship
5oiZkcgSu-I-01392-00349590-00349943 between between uh taxes and Loans we're
5oiZkcgSu-I-01393-00349944-00350195 given we gave some illustrative examples
5oiZkcgSu-I-01394-00350196-00350471 here where we talk about Senegal Senegal
5oiZkcgSu-I-01395-00350472-00350729 is along with Kenya one of the the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01396-00350730-00350963 countries in Africa that that know how
5oiZkcgSu-I-01397-00350964-00351119 that that tax
5oiZkcgSu-I-01398-00351120-00351449 you know the reason reasonably well
5oiZkcgSu-I-01399-00351450-00351689 Senegal not as much as Kenya but still
5oiZkcgSu-I-01400-00351690-00351904 and and there's a high proportion of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01401-00351905-00352175 personal income taxes as well plus there
5oiZkcgSu-I-01402-00352176-00352487 is a sort of a sense of a quid pro quo
5oiZkcgSu-I-01403-00352488-00352763 between population and and and and and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01404-00352764-00353213 state it seems uh but still it's it's a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01405-00353214-00353447 pretty lower level equilibrium where you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01406-00353448-00353687 know State services are still lacking
5oiZkcgSu-I-01407-00353688-00353975 and so on so even if it's a balanced
5oiZkcgSu-I-01408-00353976-00354191 relationship also it's not a very highly
5oiZkcgSu-I-01409-00354192-00354437 in debted really uh state
5oiZkcgSu-I-01410-00354438-00354658 but even if it's a balanced relationship
5oiZkcgSu-I-01411-00354659-00354893 it might be at a true not at an optimal
5oiZkcgSu-I-01412-00354894-00355091 level you know it might be at a lower
5oiZkcgSu-I-01413-00355092-00355432 level uh because you know there's still
5oiZkcgSu-I-01414-00355433-00355625 a lack of public expenditure there's
5oiZkcgSu-I-01415-00355626-00355919 still a lack of income and so on
5oiZkcgSu-I-01416-00355920-00356171 so I mean even if it's balanced it may
5oiZkcgSu-I-01417-00356172-00356603 not be optimal uh so so I my best take
5oiZkcgSu-I-01418-00356604-00356932 would be that that it's very contextual
5oiZkcgSu-I-01419-00356933-00357251 it's not a very satisfactory answer but
5oiZkcgSu-I-01420-00357252-00357539 I think it is very uh contextual what is
5oiZkcgSu-I-01421-00357540-00357923 optimal given the the particular economy
5oiZkcgSu-I-01422-00357924-00358145 um so
5oiZkcgSu-I-01423-00358146-00358360 that will be the brief answer and I
5oiZkcgSu-I-01424-00358361-00358678 think for policy recommendations
5oiZkcgSu-I-01425-00358679-00358895 I I definitely think there should be
5oiZkcgSu-I-01426-00358896-00359171 more consideration of the tech space and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01427-00359172-00359291 the production
5oiZkcgSu-I-01428-00359292-00359506 that's going on and whether it's taxable
5oiZkcgSu-I-01429-00359507-00359819 or not and it seems to me
5oiZkcgSu-I-01430-00359820-00360034 that there's only so far you can get
5oiZkcgSu-I-01431-00360035-00360251 with like technical fixes or
5oiZkcgSu-I-01432-00360252-00360599 digitalizing taxation or whatever if if
5oiZkcgSu-I-01433-00360600-00360784 the type of production is mainly
5oiZkcgSu-I-01434-00360785-00361019 agrarian which is all it also is in in
5oiZkcgSu-I-01435-00361020-00361265 in Senegal um
5oiZkcgSu-I-01436-00361266-00361475 yeah so of course that speaks to what
5oiZkcgSu-I-01437-00361476-00361715 Antonio says about Rome not being built
5oiZkcgSu-I-01438-00361716-00361889 in one day
5oiZkcgSu-I-01439-00361890-00362099 you know I absolutely agree in fact uh
5oiZkcgSu-I-01440-00362100-00362237 you know in the public literature we
5oiZkcgSu-I-01441-00362238-00362447 talk about optimal tax rate but the view
5oiZkcgSu-I-01442-00362448-00362621 that perhaps we might have especially
5oiZkcgSu-I-01443-00362622-00362825 those who are is the politics of
5oiZkcgSu-I-01444-00362826-00363028 Taxation that there isn't anything
5oiZkcgSu-I-01445-00363029-00363245 called optimal tax rate optimal fiscal
5oiZkcgSu-I-01446-00363246-00363425 capacity because it depends on
5oiZkcgSu-I-01447-00363426-00363754 institutions history preconditions all
5oiZkcgSu-I-01448-00363755-00363917 of this kind of makes it very Contra
5oiZkcgSu-I-01449-00363918-00364108 specific so it's not that you can say
5oiZkcgSu-I-01450-00364109-00364408 that 10 or 20 percent 25 percent is the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01451-00364409-00364625 optimal tax of GDP ratios this would
5oiZkcgSu-I-01452-00364626-00364810 depend very much on exactly economic
5oiZkcgSu-I-01453-00364811-00365051 preconditions on structural factors on
5oiZkcgSu-I-01454-00365052-00365260 history historical factors institutions
5oiZkcgSu-I-01455-00365261-00365447 and also the other point I think is
5oiZkcgSu-I-01456-00365448-00365627 important that I think came up very many
5oiZkcgSu-I-01457-00365628-00365915 times here just taxing by itself is not
5oiZkcgSu-I-01458-00365916-00366077 good enough how do you what are you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01459-00366078-00366227 going to use the taxes for is very
5oiZkcgSu-I-01460-00366228-00366406 important if you're going to use it to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01461-00366407-00366791 finance loss making bsu's that's not the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01462-00366792-00366971 point of Taxation if you're going to use
5oiZkcgSu-I-01463-00366972-00367313 it for profligated programs you don't
5oiZkcgSu-I-01464-00367314-00367541 really help the poor as Shanta mentioned
5oiZkcgSu-I-01465-00367542-00367745 about countries which are actually of a
5oiZkcgSu-I-01466-00367746-00367858 million income but have very high
5oiZkcgSu-I-01467-00367859-00368063 positive rates that's also not that's
5oiZkcgSu-I-01468-00368064-00368260 also not good enough so it's not just
5oiZkcgSu-I-01469-00368261-00368525 about raising tax over GDP also what you
5oiZkcgSu-I-01470-00368526-00368645 do with the taxes I think that's
5oiZkcgSu-I-01471-00368646-00368801 important to keep in mind because
5oiZkcgSu-I-01472-00368802-00368956 sometimes it's a fetish about just
5oiZkcgSu-I-01473-00368957-00369173 increasing tax of GDP and perhaps not
5oiZkcgSu-I-01474-00369174-00369304 worrying about what the tax is being
5oiZkcgSu-I-01475-00369305-00369491 used for so I'm going to stop here
5oiZkcgSu-I-01476-00369492-00369743 because we are out of time uh excellent
5oiZkcgSu-I-01477-00369744-00369928 discussion really good presentations
5oiZkcgSu-I-01478-00369929-00370151 very good questions from the audience
5oiZkcgSu-I-01479-00370152-00370367 and a very large participation of the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01480-00370368-00370625 audience large numbers of of colleagues
5oiZkcgSu-I-01481-00370626-00370877 for participated in this uh among the in
5oiZkcgSu-I-01482-00370878-00371056 the in the audience and I just want to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01483-00371057-00371213 remind everyone that there is a special
5oiZkcgSu-I-01484-00371214-00371404 issue coming out the journalist social
5oiZkcgSu-I-01485-00371405-00371591 economics not too far away the June
5oiZkcgSu-I-01486-00371592-00371819 issue we should have all these excellent
5oiZkcgSu-I-01487-00371820-00371945 papers on which we discussed today
5oiZkcgSu-I-01488-00371946-00372239 everybody met and by Antonio and where
5oiZkcgSu-I-01489-00372240-00372467 we also have a editorial that until now
5oiZkcgSu-I-01490-00372468-00372689 wrote summarizing the key policy
5oiZkcgSu-I-01491-00372690-00372869 messages that have come out of this out
5oiZkcgSu-I-01492-00372870-00373030 of this or to the papers and especially
5oiZkcgSu-I-01493-00373031-00373265 issue so just a few months away and
5oiZkcgSu-I-01494-00373266-00373487 hopefully we will all you'll all get to
5oiZkcgSu-I-01495-00373488-00373643 hear about the special issue when it's
5oiZkcgSu-I-01496-00373644-00373834 published from my colleagues here in the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01497-00373835-00374087 congregations side of univider and thank
5oiZkcgSu-I-01498-00374088-00374225 you so much for being here in the
5oiZkcgSu-I-01499-00374226-00374471 webinar goodbye everyone
5oiZkcgSu-I-01500-00374472-00374867 take care bye
5oiZkcgSu-I-01501-00374868-00375128 thank you
5oxJwDckZTY-00000-00000144-00000807 [Music]
5oxJwDckZTY-00001-00000808-00000952 so
5oxJwDckZTY-00002-00000953-00003311 [Music]
5oxJwDckZTY-00004-00009160-00009388 so
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5oxJwDckZTY-00018-00029683-00029814 [Music]
5oxJwDckZTY-00019-00029816-00030024 you
54Hx_noZi-Y-00000-00000046-00000303 the restoration movement also known as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00001-00000304-00000507 the American restoration movement or the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00002-00000508-00000707 Stone Campbell movement and pejoratively
54Hx_noZi-Y-00003-00000708-00000927 as Campbell ISM is a Christian movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00004-00000927-00001133 that began on the United States frontier
54Hx_noZi-Y-00005-00001134-00001395 during the Second Great Awakening 1790
54Hx_noZi-Y-00006-00001396-00001702 to 1840 of the early 19th century the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00007-00001703-00001931 pioneers of this movement were seeking
54Hx_noZi-Y-00008-00001932-00002097 to reform the church from within and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00009-00002098-00002360 sought the unification of all Christians
54Hx_noZi-Y-00010-00002361-00002562 in a single body patterned after the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00011-00002563-00002829 Church of the New Testament especially
54Hx_noZi-Y-00012-00002830-00003116 since the mid 20th century members of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00013-00003117-00003290 these churches do not identify as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00014-00003292-00003495 Protestant but simply as Christian the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00015-00003496-00003665 restoration movement developed from
54Hx_noZi-Y-00016-00003667-00003875 several independent strands of religious
54Hx_noZi-Y-00017-00003876-00004040 revival that idealized early
54Hx_noZi-Y-00018-00004042-00004286 Christianity to groups which
54Hx_noZi-Y-00019-00004287-00004440 independently developed similar
54Hx_noZi-Y-00020-00004441-00004629 approaches to the Christian faith were
54Hx_noZi-Y-00021-00004630-00004920 particularly important the first led by
54Hx_noZi-Y-00022-00004921-00005147 Barton W stone began at cane Ridge
54Hx_noZi-Y-00023-00005148-00005432 Kentucky and identified as Christians
54Hx_noZi-Y-00024-00005433-00005747 the second began in western Pennsylvania
54Hx_noZi-Y-00025-00005748-00005972 and Virginia now West Virginia and was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00026-00005973-00006155 led by Thomas Campbell and his son
54Hx_noZi-Y-00027-00006156-00006389 Alexander Campbell both educated in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00028-00006390-00006581 Scotland they eventually used the name
54Hx_noZi-Y-00029-00006582-00006762 disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-00030-00006763-00006998 both groups sought to restore the whole
54Hx_noZi-Y-00031-00007000-00007178 Christian Church on the pattern set
54Hx_noZi-Y-00032-00007179-00007344 forth in the New Testament and both
54Hx_noZi-Y-00033-00007345-00007548 believed that Creed's kept Christianity
54Hx_noZi-Y-00034-00007548-00007856 divided in 1832 they joined in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00035-00007857-00008148 fellowship with a handshake among other
54Hx_noZi-Y-00036-00008148-00008303 things they were united in the belief
54Hx_noZi-Y-00037-00008304-00008526 that Jesus is the Christ the Son of God
54Hx_noZi-Y-00038-00008527-00008720 that Christians should celebrate the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00039-00008721-00008895 Lord's Supper on the first day of each
54Hx_noZi-Y-00040-00008896-00009108 week and that baptism of adult believers
54Hx_noZi-Y-00041-00009109-00009273 by immersion in water as a necessary
54Hx_noZi-Y-00042-00009274-00009549 condition for salvation because the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00043-00009550-00009695 founders wanted to abandon all
54Hx_noZi-Y-00044-00009696-00009885 denominational labels they used the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00045-00009886-00010038 biblical names for the followers of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00046-00010039-00010352 Jesus both groups promoted a return to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00047-00010353-00010499 the purposes of the first century
54Hx_noZi-Y-00048-00010500-00010677 churches as described in the New
54Hx_noZi-Y-00049-00010678-00010956 Testament one historian of the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00050-00010957-00011169 has argued that it was primarily a unity
54Hx_noZi-Y-00051-00011170-00011339 movement with the restoration motif
54Hx_noZi-Y-00052-00011340-00011502 playing a subordinate role the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00053-00011503-00011696 restoration movement has since divided
54Hx_noZi-Y-00054-00011697-00011952 into multiple separate groups there are
54Hx_noZi-Y-00055-00011953-00012149 three main branches in the u.s. the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00056-00012150-00012320 Churches of Christ the unaffiliated
54Hx_noZi-Y-00057-00012321-00012509 Christian Church Church of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-00058-00012510-00012708 congregations and the Christian Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-00059-00012709-00012999 disciples of Christ some characterize
54Hx_noZi-Y-00060-00013000-00013169 the divisions in the movement as the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00061-00013171-00013347 result of the tension between the goals
54Hx_noZi-Y-00062-00013347-00013394 of rest
54Hx_noZi-Y-00063-00013396-00013587 duration and acumen ISM the Churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00064-00013588-00013812 Christ and unaffiliated Christian Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-00065-00013813-00014052 Church of Christ congregations resolved
54Hx_noZi-Y-00066-00014053-00014238 the tension by stressing restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-00067-00014238-00014424 while the Christian Church disciples of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00068-00014425-00014613 Christ resolved the tension by stressing
54Hx_noZi-Y-00069-00014613-00014888 acumen ISM a number of groups outside
54Hx_noZi-Y-00070-00014890-00015072 the u.s. also have historical
54Hx_noZi-Y-00071-00015072-00015285 associations with this movement such as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00072-00015286-00015468 the evangelical Christian Church in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00073-00015469-00015644 Canada and the Churches of Christ in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00074-00015646-00015918 Australia because the restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-00075-00015919-00016116 movement lacks any centralized structure
54Hx_noZi-Y-00076-00016116-00016377 having originated in a variety of places
54Hx_noZi-Y-00077-00016378-00016524 with different leaders there is no
54Hx_noZi-Y-00078-00016525-00016722 consistent nomenclature for the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00079-00016723-00017061 as a whole the term restoration movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00080-00017062-00017304 became popular during the 19th century
54Hx_noZi-Y-00081-00017305-00017514 this appears to be due to the influence
54Hx_noZi-Y-00082-00017515-00017741 of Alexander Campbell's essays on a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00083-00017742-00017949 restoration of the ancient order of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00084-00017950-00018273 things in the Christian baptist the term
54Hx_noZi-Y-00085-00018274-00018588 stone Campbell movement emerged towards
54Hx_noZi-Y-00086-00018589-00018798 the end of the 20th century as a way to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00087-00018799-00019014 avoid the difficulties associated with
54Hx_noZi-Y-00088-00019015-00019158 some of the other names that have been
54Hx_noZi-Y-00089-00019159-00019338 used and to maintain a sense of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00090-00019339-00019849 collective history of the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00091-00019850-00020323 topic key principles
54Hx_noZi-Y-00092-00020324-00020533 the restoration movement has been
54Hx_noZi-Y-00093-00020534-00020832 characterized by several key principles
54Hx_noZi-Y-00094-00020833-00021052 Christianity should not be divided
54Hx_noZi-Y-00095-00021053-00021226 Christ intended the creation of one
54Hx_noZi-Y-00096-00021227-00021399 church
54Hx_noZi-Y-00097-00021400-00021654 creeds divide but Christians should be
54Hx_noZi-Y-00098-00021655-00021840 able to find agreement by standing on
54Hx_noZi-Y-00099-00021841-00022029 the Bible itself from which they believe
54Hx_noZi-Y-00100-00022030-00022245 all Creed's are but human expansions or
54Hx_noZi-Y-00101-00022246-00022566 constrictions ecclesiastical traditions
54Hx_noZi-Y-00102-00022567-00022770 divide but Christians should be able to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00103-00022771-00022944 find common ground by following the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00104-00022945-00023154 practice as best as it can be determined
54Hx_noZi-Y-00105-00023155-00023444 of the early church names of human
54Hx_noZi-Y-00106-00023445-00023631 origin divided but Christians should be
54Hx_noZi-Y-00107-00023632-00023826 able to find common ground by using
54Hx_noZi-Y-00108-00023827-00024032 biblical names for the church ie
54Hx_noZi-Y-00109-00024033-00024494 Christian Church Church of God or Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-00110-00024495-00024881 of Christ as opposed to Methodist or
54Hx_noZi-Y-00111-00024882-00025215 Lutheran etc thus the church should
54Hx_noZi-Y-00112-00025216-00025407 stress only what all Christians hold in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00113-00025408-00025605 common and should suppress all divisive
54Hx_noZi-Y-00114-00025606-00025794 doctrines and practices a number of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00115-00025795-00025928 slogans have been used in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00116-00025929-00026118 restoration movement which are intended
54Hx_noZi-Y-00117-00026119-00026264 to express some of the distinctive
54Hx_noZi-Y-00118-00026266-00026458 themes of the movement these include
54Hx_noZi-Y-00119-00026460-00026700 where the scriptures speak we speak
54Hx_noZi-Y-00120-00026701-00026949 where the scriptures are silent we are
54Hx_noZi-Y-00121-00026950-00027189 silent
54Hx_noZi-Y-00122-00027191-00027433 the Church of Jesus Christ on earth is
54Hx_noZi-Y-00123-00027433-00027630 essentially intentionally and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00124-00027631-00027920 constitutionally one
54Hx_noZi-Y-00125-00027920-00028199 we are Christians only but not the only
54Hx_noZi-Y-00126-00028200-00028383 Christians
54Hx_noZi-Y-00127-00028383-00028739 in essentials unity in opinions liberty
54Hx_noZi-Y-00128-00028741-00029042 in all things love
54Hx_noZi-Y-00129-00029043-00029302 no Creed but Christ no book but the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00130-00029304-00029579 Bible no law but love no name but the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00131-00029580-00029783 divine
54Hx_noZi-Y-00132-00029784-00030155 do Bible things in Bible ways
54Hx_noZi-Y-00133-00030156-00030777 call Bible things by Bible names
54Hx_noZi-Y-00134-00030777-00031364 topic background influences
54Hx_noZi-Y-00135-00031364-00031612 during the late Middle Ages dissenters
54Hx_noZi-Y-00136-00031613-00031814 such as John Wycliff and John Huss
54Hx_noZi-Y-00137-00031814-00031987 called for a restoration of a primitive
54Hx_noZi-Y-00138-00031988-00032170 form of Christianity but they were
54Hx_noZi-Y-00139-00032172-00032440 driven underground as a result it is
54Hx_noZi-Y-00140-00032441-00032642 difficult to find any direct links
54Hx_noZi-Y-00141-00032643-00032818 between such early dissenters in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00142-00032819-00033002 restoration movement beginning with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00143-00033003-00033199 Renaissance intellectual roots become
54Hx_noZi-Y-00144-00033200-00033437 easier to discern at the heart of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00145-00033438-00033608 Reformation was an emphasis on the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00146-00033609-00033896 principle of Scripture alone Sola
54Hx_noZi-Y-00147-00033897-00034109 scriptura this along with the related
54Hx_noZi-Y-00148-00034110-00034301 insistence on the right of individuals
54Hx_noZi-Y-00149-00034302-00034481 to read and interpret the Bible for
54Hx_noZi-Y-00150-00034482-00034640 themselves in a movement to reduce
54Hx_noZi-Y-00151-00034641-00034832 ritual in worship formed part of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00152-00034833-00035002 intellectual background of early
54Hx_noZi-Y-00153-00035003-00035264 restoration movement leaders the branch
54Hx_noZi-Y-00154-00035265-00035465 of the Reformation movement represented
54Hx_noZi-Y-00155-00035466-00035654 by huldrych zwingli and John Calvin
54Hx_noZi-Y-00156-00035655-00035909 contributed an emphasis on restoring
54Hx_noZi-Y-00157-00035910-00036192 biblical forms and patterns
54Hx_noZi-Y-00158-00036193-00036456 the rationalism of John Locke provided
54Hx_noZi-Y-00159-00036457-00036693 another influence reacting to the deism
54Hx_noZi-Y-00160-00036694-00036915 of Lord Herbert loksat a way to address
54Hx_noZi-Y-00161-00036916-00037118 religious division and persecution
54Hx_noZi-Y-00162-00037119-00037377 without abandoning scripture to do this
54Hx_noZi-Y-00163-00037378-00037530 Locke argued against the right of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00164-00037531-00037698 government to enforce religious
54Hx_noZi-Y-00165-00037699-00037893 orthodoxy and turned to the Bible to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00166-00037894-00038052 supply a set of beliefs that all
54Hx_noZi-Y-00167-00038053-00038301 Christians could agree upon the core
54Hx_noZi-Y-00168-00038302-00038484 teachings which he viewed as essential
54Hx_noZi-Y-00169-00038485-00038670 were the Messiahship of Jesus and Jesus
54Hx_noZi-Y-00170-00038671-00038958 direct commands Christians could be
54Hx_noZi-Y-00171-00038959-00039117 devoutly committed to other biblical
54Hx_noZi-Y-00172-00039118-00039336 teachings but in Locke's view these were
54Hx_noZi-Y-00173-00039337-00039521 non essentials over which Christians
54Hx_noZi-Y-00174-00039522-00039696 should never fight or try to coerce each
54Hx_noZi-Y-00175-00039697-00039962 other unlike the Puritans in the later
54Hx_noZi-Y-00176-00039963-00040173 Restoration Movement Locke did not call
54Hx_noZi-Y-00177-00040174-00040362 for a systematic restoration of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00178-00040363-00040560 early church one of the basic goals of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00179-00040561-00040733 the English Puritans was to restore a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00180-00040734-00040995 pure primitive Church that would be a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00181-00040996-00041283 true Apostolic community this conception
54Hx_noZi-Y-00182-00041284-00041442 was a critical influence in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00183-00041443-00041640 development of the Puritans in colonial
54Hx_noZi-Y-00184-00041641-00041832 America it has been described as the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00185-00041833-00042208 oldest ecumenical movement in America
54Hx_noZi-Y-00186-00042209-00042454 both the great founding documents of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00187-00042455-00042658 movement are authentically ecumenical in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00188-00042659-00042837 the last will and testament of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00189-00042838-00043120 Springfield presbytery 1804 bargain
54Hx_noZi-Y-00190-00043121-00043306 stone and his fellow revivalists
54Hx_noZi-Y-00191-00043307-00043492 dissolved their exclusive presbytery
54Hx_noZi-Y-00192-00043493-00043798 elationship desiring to sink into union
54Hx_noZi-Y-00193-00043799-00043981 with the body of christ at large
54Hx_noZi-Y-00194-00043982-00044251 five years later thomas campbell wrote
54Hx_noZi-Y-00195-00044252-00044425 in the declaration and address of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00196-00044426-00044667 christian association of washington PA
54Hx_noZi-Y-00197-00044668-00044980 1809 the Church of Christ on earth is
54Hx_noZi-Y-00198-00044981-00045168 essentially intentionally in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00199-00045169-00045559 constitutionally one during the first
54Hx_noZi-Y-00200-00045560-00045724 Great Awakening a movement developed
54Hx_noZi-Y-00201-00045725-00045934 among those Baptists known as separate
54Hx_noZi-Y-00202-00045935-00046201 Baptists two themes of this movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00203-00046202-00046342 were the rejection of Creed's and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00204-00046343-00046603 freedom in the spirit the separate
54Hx_noZi-Y-00205-00046604-00046837 Baptist saw Scripture as the perfect
54Hx_noZi-Y-00206-00046838-00047121 rule for the church however while they
54Hx_noZi-Y-00207-00047122-00047287 turned to the Bible for a structural
54Hx_noZi-Y-00208-00047288-00047446 pattern for the church they did not
54Hx_noZi-Y-00209-00047447-00047617 insist on complete agreement on the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00210-00047618-00047854 details of that pattern this group
54Hx_noZi-Y-00211-00047855-00048037 originated in New England but was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00212-00048038-00048229 especially strong in the south where the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00213-00048230-00048415 emphasis on a biblical pattern for the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00214-00048416-00048690 church grew stronger in the last half of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00215-00048691-00048915 the 18th century separate Baptists
54Hx_noZi-Y-00216-00048916-00049090 became more numerous on the western
54Hx_noZi-Y-00217-00049091-00049296 frontier of Kentucky in Tennessee where
54Hx_noZi-Y-00218-00049297-00049456 the stone and Campbell movements would
54Hx_noZi-Y-00219-00049457-00049711 later take root the development of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00220-00049712-00049864 separate Baptists in the southern
54Hx_noZi-Y-00221-00049865-00050037 frontier helped prepare the ground for
54Hx_noZi-Y-00222-00050038-00050299 the restoration movement the membership
54Hx_noZi-Y-00223-00050300-00050470 of both the Stone and Campbell groups
54Hx_noZi-Y-00224-00050471-00050626 drew heavily from the ranks of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00225-00050627-00050905 separate Baptists separate Baptist
54Hx_noZi-Y-00226-00050906-00051130 restoration ISM also contributed to the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00227-00051131-00051330 development of the landmark Baptists in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00228-00051332-00051507 the same region as the Stone Campbell
54Hx_noZi-Y-00229-00051508-00051679 restoration movement and at about the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00230-00051679-00051945 same time under the leadership of James
54Hx_noZi-Y-00231-00051946-00052158 Robinson graves this group wanted to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00232-00052159-00052329 define a precise blueprint for the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00233-00052330-00052489 primitive Church believing that any
54Hx_noZi-Y-00234-00052490-00052663 deviation from that blueprint would
54Hx_noZi-Y-00235-00052664-00052842 prevent a person from being part of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00236-00052844-00053149 true church the ideal of restoring a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00237-00053150-00053449 primitive form of Christianity grew in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00238-00053450-00053632 popularity in the u.s. after the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00239-00053633-00053899 American Revolution this desire to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00240-00053900-00054112 restore a pure form of Christianity
54Hx_noZi-Y-00241-00054113-00054298 played a role in the development of many
54Hx_noZi-Y-00242-00054299-00054496 groups during this period known as the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00243-00054497-00054751 Second Great Awakening these included
54Hx_noZi-Y-00244-00054752-00054994 the Mormons Baptists and shakers Mormons
54Hx_noZi-Y-00245-00054995-00055182 look to the Book of Mormon and the Bible
54Hx_noZi-Y-00246-00055183-00055332 for the blueprint of the early church
54Hx_noZi-Y-00247-00055333-00055516 rather than just the Bible as other
54Hx_noZi-Y-00248-00055516-00055576 movements
54Hx_noZi-Y-00249-00055577-00055766 the restoration movement began during
54Hx_noZi-Y-00250-00055766-00055930 and was greatly influenced by this
54Hx_noZi-Y-00251-00055931-00056113 second awakening while the Campbells
54Hx_noZi-Y-00252-00056114-00056305 resisted what they saw as the spiritual
54Hx_noZi-Y-00253-00056306-00056491 manipulation of the camp meetings the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00254-00056492-00056692 southern phase of the awakening was an
54Hx_noZi-Y-00255-00056693-00056891 important matrix of bargain stones
54Hx_noZi-Y-00256-00056891-00057116 reform movement and shaped the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00257-00057116-00057304 evangelistic techniques used by both
54Hx_noZi-Y-00258-00057305-00057511 stone and the Campbells James O Kelley
54Hx_noZi-Y-00259-00057512-00057704 was an early advocate of seeking unity
54Hx_noZi-Y-00260-00057704-00057878 through a return to New Testament
54Hx_noZi-Y-00261-00057879-00058276 Christianity in 1792 dissatisfied with
54Hx_noZi-Y-00262-00058277-00058444 the role of Bishops in the Methodist
54Hx_noZi-Y-00263-00058445-00058642 Episcopal Church he separated from that
54Hx_noZi-Y-00264-00058643-00058936 body O'Kelly's movement centering in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00265-00058937-00059119 Virginia and North Carolina was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00266-00059120-00059323 originally called Republican Methodists
54Hx_noZi-Y-00267-00059324-00059678 in 1794 they adopted the name Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00268-00059679-00059941 Church during the same period elias
54Hx_noZi-Y-00269-00059942-00060146 smith of vermont and Abner jones of new
54Hx_noZi-Y-00270-00060147-00060343 hampshire led a movement espousing views
54Hx_noZi-Y-00271-00060344-00060487 similar to those of O'Kelly
54Hx_noZi-Y-00272-00060488-00060722 they believed that members could by
54Hx_noZi-Y-00273-00060723-00060913 looking to scripture alone simply be
54Hx_noZi-Y-00274-00060914-00061097 Christians without being bound to human
54Hx_noZi-Y-00275-00061098-00061286 traditions and the denominations brought
54Hx_noZi-Y-00276-00061287-00061701 by immigrants from Europe
54Hx_noZi-Y-00277-00061702-00062231 topic stone movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00278-00062232-00062528 Vartan w stone was born to John and Mary
54Hx_noZi-Y-00279-00062529-00062780 Warren stone near Port tobacco Maryland
54Hx_noZi-Y-00280-00062781-00063167 on December 24th 1772 his immediate
54Hx_noZi-Y-00281-00063168-00063372 family was upper middle class with
54Hx_noZi-Y-00282-00063373-00063580 connections to Maryland's upper class
54Hx_noZi-Y-00283-00063581-00063941 Barton's father died in 1775 and his
54Hx_noZi-Y-00284-00063942-00064122 mother moved the family to Pittsylvania
54Hx_noZi-Y-00285-00064123-00064526 County Virginia in 1779 Mary Stone was a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00286-00064527-00064682 member of the Church of England and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00287-00064683-00064872 Barton was christened by a priest named
54Hx_noZi-Y-00288-00064873-00065040 Thomas Thornton after the move to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00289-00065041-00065234 Virginia she joined the Methodists
54Hx_noZi-Y-00290-00065235-00065525 Barton was not himself notably religious
54Hx_noZi-Y-00291-00065526-00065721 as a young man he found the competing
54Hx_noZi-Y-00292-00065722-00065954 claims of the Episcopalians Baptists and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00293-00065955-00066155 Methodists confusing and was much more
54Hx_noZi-Y-00294-00066156-00066335 interested in politics after the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00295-00066336-00066494 American Revolution the Church of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00296-00066495-00066684 England was disestablished and the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00297-00066685-00066890 Episcopal Church was organized
54Hx_noZi-Y-00298-00066891-00067136 Barton entered the Guilford Academy in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00299-00067137-00067505 North Carolina in 1790 while there Stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-00300-00067506-00067722 heard James mcgrevey a Presbyterian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00301-00067723-00068028 minister speak a few years later he was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00302-00068029-00068312 ordained as a Presbyterian minister but
54Hx_noZi-Y-00303-00068313-00068492 as stone looked more deeply into the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00304-00068493-00068717 beliefs of the Presbyterians especially
54Hx_noZi-Y-00305-00068718-00068918 the Westminster Confession of faith he
54Hx_noZi-Y-00306-00068919-00069074 doubted that some of the Church beliefs
54Hx_noZi-Y-00307-00069075-00069360 were truly Bible based he was unable to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00308-00069361-00069585 accept the Calvinists doctrines of total
54Hx_noZi-Y-00309-00069586-00069788 depravity unconditional election and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00310-00069789-00070065 predestination he also believed that
54Hx_noZi-Y-00311-00070066-00070313 Calvin isms alleged theological
54Hx_noZi-Y-00312-00070314-00070571 sophistication had
54Hx_noZi-Y-00313-00070572-00070780 been bought at the price of fomenting
54Hx_noZi-Y-00314-00070781-00071332 division and blamed it for producing 10
54Hx_noZi-Y-00315-00071333-00071555 different sects within the Presbyterian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00316-00071556-00072005 tradition alone
54Hx_noZi-Y-00317-00072006-00072536 topic cane Ridge revival
54Hx_noZi-Y-00318-00072537-00072832 in 1801 the cane Ridge revival in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00319-00072833-00073025 Kentucky planted the seed for a movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00320-00073026-00073250 in Kentucky in the Ohio River Valley to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00321-00073251-00073535 disassociate from denominationalism in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00322-00073536-00073811 1803 stone and others withdrew from the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00323-00073812-00073997 Kentucky presbytery and formed the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00324-00073998-00074251 springfield presbytery the defining
54Hx_noZi-Y-00325-00074252-00074441 event of the stone wing of the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00326-00074442-00074621 was the publication of last will and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00327-00074622-00074813 testament of the springfield presbytery
54Hx_noZi-Y-00328-00074814-00075203 at Kane ridge Kentucky in 1804 the last
54Hx_noZi-Y-00329-00075204-00075431 will is a brief document in which stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-00330-00075432-00075566 and five others announced their
54Hx_noZi-Y-00331-00075567-00075761 withdrawal from Presbyterianism and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00332-00075762-00075935 their intention to be solely part of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00333-00075936-00076040 body of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-00334-00076041-00076274 the writers appealed for the unity of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00335-00076275-00076487 all who followed Jesus suggested the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00336-00076488-00076691 value of congregational self-governance
54Hx_noZi-Y-00337-00076692-00076882 and lifted the Bible as the source for
54Hx_noZi-Y-00338-00076883-00077117 understanding the will of God they
54Hx_noZi-Y-00339-00077118-00077282 denounced the divisive use of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00340-00077283-00077465 Westminster Confession of faith and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00341-00077466-00077768 adopted the name Christian to identify
54Hx_noZi-Y-00342-00077769-00078163 their group
54Hx_noZi-Y-00343-00078164-00078617 topic Christian connection
54Hx_noZi-Y-00344-00078618-00078913 by 1804 elias smith had heard of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00345-00078914-00079100 stone movement and the O'Kelly movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00346-00079101-00079481 by 1808 the three groups merged by 1810
54Hx_noZi-Y-00347-00079482-00079721 at that time the combined movement had a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00348-00079722-00080036 membership of approximately 20,000 this
54Hx_noZi-Y-00349-00080037-00080231 loose fellowship of churches was called
54Hx_noZi-Y-00350-00080232-00080447 by the names Christian connection
54Hx_noZi-Y-00351-00080448-00081050 connection or Christian Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-00352-00081051-00081305 topic characteristics of the stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-00353-00081306-00081660 movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00354-00081661-00081885 the cornerstone for the stone movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00355-00081886-00082098 was Christian freedom this ideal of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00356-00082099-00082254 freedom led them to reject all the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00357-00082255-00082457 historical Creed's traditions and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00358-00082458-00082656 Theological systems that had developed
54Hx_noZi-Y-00359-00082657-00082844 over time and to focus instead on a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00360-00082845-00083031 primitive Christianity based on the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00361-00083032-00083193 Bible while restoring primitive
54Hx_noZi-Y-00362-00083194-00083369 Christianity was central to the stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-00363-00083370-00083541 movement they believed that restoring
54Hx_noZi-Y-00364-00083542-00083715 the lifestyle of members of the early
54Hx_noZi-Y-00365-00083716-00083957 church is essential during the early
54Hx_noZi-Y-00366-00083958-00084209 years they focused more
54Hx_noZi-Y-00367-00084210-00084422 unholy and righteous living than on the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00368-00084423-00084606 forms and structures of the early church
54Hx_noZi-Y-00369-00084607-00084866 the group also worked to restore the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00370-00084867-00085087 primitive Church due to concern that
54Hx_noZi-Y-00371-00085088-00085294 emphasizing particular practices could
54Hx_noZi-Y-00372-00085295-00085493 undermine Christian freedom this effort
54Hx_noZi-Y-00373-00085494-00085663 tended to take the form of rejecting
54Hx_noZi-Y-00374-00085664-00085835 tradition rather than an explicit
54Hx_noZi-Y-00375-00085836-00086044 program of reconstructing New Testament
54Hx_noZi-Y-00376-00086045-00086332 practices the emphasis on freedom was so
54Hx_noZi-Y-00377-00086333-00086480 strong that the movement avoided
54Hx_noZi-Y-00378-00086481-00086701 developing any ecclesiastical traditions
54Hx_noZi-Y-00379-00086702-00086999 it was largely without dogma form or
54Hx_noZi-Y-00380-00087000-00087293 structure what held the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00381-00087294-00087491 together was a commitment to primitive
54Hx_noZi-Y-00382-00087492-00087769 Christianity another theme was that of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00383-00087770-00088000 hastening the millennium many Americans
54Hx_noZi-Y-00384-00088001-00088138 of the period believed that the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00385-00088139-00088288 millennium was near and based their
54Hx_noZi-Y-00386-00088289-00088448 hopes for the millennium on their new
54Hx_noZi-Y-00387-00088449-00088744 nation the United States members of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00388-00088745-00088906 stone movement believed that only a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00389-00088907-00089101 unified Christianity based on the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00390-00089102-00089309 Apostolic Church rather than a country
54Hx_noZi-Y-00391-00089310-00089500 or any of the existing denominations
54Hx_noZi-Y-00392-00089501-00089630 could lead to the coming of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00393-00089631-00089903 millennium stones millennialism has been
54Hx_noZi-Y-00394-00089904-00090209 described as more apocalyptic then that
54Hx_noZi-Y-00395-00090210-00090386 of Alexander Campbell in that he
54Hx_noZi-Y-00396-00090387-00090574 believed people were too flawed to usher
54Hx_noZi-Y-00397-00090575-00090728 in a millennial age through human
54Hx_noZi-Y-00398-00090729-00090998 progress rather he believed that it
54Hx_noZi-Y-00399-00090999-00091187 depended on the power of God and that
54Hx_noZi-Y-00400-00091188-00091367 while waiting for God to establish his
54Hx_noZi-Y-00401-00091368-00091543 kingdom one should live as if the rule
54Hx_noZi-Y-00402-00091544-00091756 of god were already fully established
54Hx_noZi-Y-00403-00091757-00091937 for the stone movement this millennial
54Hx_noZi-Y-00404-00091938-00092062 emphasis had less to do with
54Hx_noZi-Y-00405-00092063-00092269 eschatological theories and more about a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00406-00092270-00092459 countercultural commitment to live as if
54Hx_noZi-Y-00407-00092460-00092603 the kingdom of God were already
54Hx_noZi-Y-00408-00092604-00092867 established on earth this apocalyptic
54Hx_noZi-Y-00409-00092868-00093116 perspective or worldview led many in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00410-00093117-00093349 stone movement to adopt pacifism avoid
54Hx_noZi-Y-00411-00093350-00093556 participating in civil government and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00412-00093557-00093775 reject violence militarism greed
54Hx_noZi-Y-00413-00093776-00094262 materialism and slavery
54Hx_noZi-Y-00414-00094263-00094786 topic Cambell movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00415-00094787-00094990 the Campbell wing of the movement was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00416-00094991-00095167 launched when Thomas Campbell published
54Hx_noZi-Y-00417-00095168-00095338 the Declaration and address of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00418-00095339-00095536 Christian Association of Washington in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00419-00095537-00095851 1809 the Presbyterian Synod had
54Hx_noZi-Y-00420-00095852-00096079 suspended his ministerial credentials in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00421-00096080-00096337 the Declaration and address he set forth
54Hx_noZi-Y-00422-00096338-00096507 some of his convictions about the Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-00423-00096508-00096775 of Jesus Christ he organized the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00424-00096776-00096982 Christian Association of Washington in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00425-00096983-00097198 Washington County Pennsylvania on the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00426-00097199-00097387 western frontier of the state not as a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00427-00097388-00097588 church but as an association of persons
54Hx_noZi-Y-00428-00097589-00097948 seeking to grow in faith on May 4th 1811
54Hx_noZi-Y-00429-00097949-00098188 the Christian Association reconstituted
54Hx_noZi-Y-00430-00098189-00098382 itself as a congregational II governed
54Hx_noZi-Y-00431-00098383-00098641 Church with the building it constructed
54Hx_noZi-Y-00432-00098642-00098866 at brush run Pennsylvania it became
54Hx_noZi-Y-00433-00098867-00099049 known as brush run Church when their
54Hx_noZi-Y-00434-00099050-00099201 study of the New Testament led the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00435-00099202-00099406 reformers to begin to practice baptism
54Hx_noZi-Y-00436-00099407-00099582 by immersion the nearby red stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-00437-00099583-00099817 Baptist Association invited brush run
54Hx_noZi-Y-00438-00099818-00099994 Church to join with them for the purpose
54Hx_noZi-Y-00439-00099995-00100231 of fellowship the reformers agreed
54Hx_noZi-Y-00440-00100232-00100426 provided that they would be allowed to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00441-00100427-00100606 preach and to teach whatever they
54Hx_noZi-Y-00442-00100607-00100884 learned from the scriptures
54Hx_noZi-Y-00443-00100885-00101179 Thomas's son Alexander came to the US to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00444-00101180-00101337 join him in 1809
54Hx_noZi-Y-00445-00101338-00101598 before long he assumed the leading role
54Hx_noZi-Y-00446-00101599-00101760 in the movement the Campbells worked
54Hx_noZi-Y-00447-00101761-00101979 within the redstone Baptist Association
54Hx_noZi-Y-00448-00101980-00102273 during the period 1815 through 1824
54Hx_noZi-Y-00449-00102274-00102486 while both the Campbells and the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00450-00102488-00102717 Baptist's shared practices of baptism by
54Hx_noZi-Y-00451-00102718-00102927 immersion and congregational polity it
54Hx_noZi-Y-00452-00102928-00103126 quickly became clear that Campbell's and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00453-00103127-00103293 their associates were not traditional
54Hx_noZi-Y-00454-00103294-00103600 Baptists within the Redstone Association
54Hx_noZi-Y-00455-00103601-00103794 some of the Baptist leaders considered
54Hx_noZi-Y-00456-00103795-00103959 the differences intolerable when
54Hx_noZi-Y-00457-00103960-00104163 Alexander Campbell began publishing a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00458-00104164-00104352 journal the Christian Baptist which
54Hx_noZi-Y-00459-00104353-00104655 promoted reform Campbell anticipated the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00460-00104656-00104841 conflict and moved his membership to a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00461-00104842-00105033 congregation of the Mahoning Baptist
54Hx_noZi-Y-00462-00105034-00105351 Association in 1824 Alexander used the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00463-00105352-00105540 Christian Baptist to address what he saw
54Hx_noZi-Y-00464-00105541-00105724 as the key issue of reconstructing the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00465-00105725-00105915 apostolic Christian community in a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00466-00105916-00106209 systematic and rational manner he wanted
54Hx_noZi-Y-00467-00106210-00106408 to clearly distinguish between essential
54Hx_noZi-Y-00468-00106408-00106606 and non-essential aspects of primitive
54Hx_noZi-Y-00469-00106607-00106894 Christianity among what he identified as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00470-00106895-00107190 essential were Congregational autonomy a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00471-00107191-00107418 plurality of elders in each congregation
54Hx_noZi-Y-00472-00107419-00107676 weekly Communion and immersion for the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00473-00107677-00107826 remission of sins
54Hx_noZi-Y-00474-00107827-00108073 among practices he rejected as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00475-00108074-00108285 non-essential were the holy kiss
54Hx_noZi-Y-00476-00108286-00108571 deaconesses communal living food washing
54Hx_noZi-Y-00477-00108572-00108907 and charismatic exercises
54Hx_noZi-Y-00478-00108908-00109216 in 1827 the Mahoning association
54Hx_noZi-Y-00479-00109217-00109423 appointed walter scott as an evangelist
54Hx_noZi-Y-00480-00109424-00109654 through scott's efforts the Mahoning
54Hx_noZi-Y-00481-00109655-00110026 association grew rapidly in 1828 thomas
54Hx_noZi-Y-00482-00110027-00110182 campbell visited several of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00483-00110183-00110383 congregations formed by scott and heard
54Hx_noZi-Y-00484-00110383-00110647 him preach campbell believed that scott
54Hx_noZi-Y-00485-00110648-00110833 was bringing an important new dimension
54Hx_noZi-Y-00486-00110833-00110961 to the movement with his approach to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00487-00110963-00111241 evangelism several baptist associations
54Hx_noZi-Y-00488-00111242-00111481 began disassociating congregations that
54Hx_noZi-Y-00489-00111482-00111670 refused to subscribe to the philadelphia
54Hx_noZi-Y-00490-00111671-00111967 confession the Mahoning association came
54Hx_noZi-Y-00491-00111968-00112233 under attack in 1830 the Mahoning
54Hx_noZi-Y-00492-00112234-00112477 Baptist Association disbanded the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00493-00112478-00112681 younger Campbell ceased publication of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00494-00112682-00113020 the Christian Baptist in January 1831 he
54Hx_noZi-Y-00495-00113021-00113206 began publication of the Millennial
54Hx_noZi-Y-00496-00113207-00113573 Harbinger
54Hx_noZi-Y-00497-00113574-00114097 topic influence of the Enlightenment
54Hx_noZi-Y-00498-00114098-00114285 the Age of Enlightenment had a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00499-00114286-00114472 significant influence on the Campbell
54Hx_noZi-Y-00500-00114473-00114735 movement Thomas Campbell was a student
54Hx_noZi-Y-00501-00114736-00114909 of the Enlightenment philosopher John
54Hx_noZi-Y-00502-00114910-00115147 Locke while he did not explicitly use
54Hx_noZi-Y-00503-00115148-00115458 the term essentials in the Declaration
54Hx_noZi-Y-00504-00115459-00115641 and address thomas proposed the same
54Hx_noZi-Y-00505-00115642-00115866 solution to religious division as had
54Hx_noZi-Y-00506-00115867-00116040 been advanced earlier by Herbert and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00507-00116041-00116293 Locke are adduce religion to a set of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00508-00116294-00116521 essentials upon which all reasonable
54Hx_noZi-Y-00509-00116522-00116835 persons might agree the essentials he
54Hx_noZi-Y-00510-00116836-00117031 identified were those practices for
54Hx_noZi-Y-00511-00117032-00117256 which the Bible provided thus set the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00512-00117257-00117459 Lord either in Express terms or by
54Hx_noZi-Y-00513-00117460-00117793 approved precedent unlike Locke who
54Hx_noZi-Y-00514-00117794-00117949 considered the earlier efforts by
54Hx_noZi-Y-00515-00117950-00118140 Puritans to be inherently divisive
54Hx_noZi-Y-00516-00118141-00118410 Thomas argued for a complete restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-00517-00118411-00118732 of apostolic Christianity Thomas
54Hx_noZi-Y-00518-00118733-00118903 believed that creeds served to divide
54Hx_noZi-Y-00519-00118904-00119133 Christians he also believed that the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00520-00119134-00119332 Bible was clear enough that anyone could
54Hx_noZi-Y-00521-00119333-00119527 understand it and thus creeds were
54Hx_noZi-Y-00522-00119528-00119784 unnecessary Alexander Campbell was also
54Hx_noZi-Y-00523-00119785-00119958 deeply influenced by Enlightenment
54Hx_noZi-Y-00524-00119959-00120139 thinking in particular the Scottish
54Hx_noZi-Y-00525-00120140-00120336 school of common-sense of Thomas Reid
54Hx_noZi-Y-00526-00120338-00120591 and dugald's Stewart this group believed
54Hx_noZi-Y-00527-00120592-00120802 that the Bible related concrete facts
54Hx_noZi-Y-00528-00120803-00120960 rather than abstract truths and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00529-00120961-00121224 advocated a scientific or Baconian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00530-00121225-00121509 approach to interpreting the Bible it
54Hx_noZi-Y-00531-00121510-00121696 would begin with those facts arranged
54Hx_noZi-Y-00532-00121697-00121915 the ones applicable to a given topic and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00533-00121916-00122074 draw conclusions from them in a way that
54Hx_noZi-Y-00534-00122075-00122308 has been described as nothing less than
54Hx_noZi-Y-00535-00122308-00122529 the scientific method applied to the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00536-00122530-00122821 Bible Alexander reflected this Vicco
54Hx_noZi-Y-00537-00122822-00123013 Nyan approach when he repeatedly argued
54Hx_noZi-Y-00538-00123014-00123295 that the Bible is a book of facts not of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00539-00123296-00123579 opinions theories abstract generalities
54Hx_noZi-Y-00540-00123580-00123913 nor of verbal definitions just as a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00541-00123914-00124132 reliance on facts provides the basis for
54Hx_noZi-Y-00542-00124133-00124369 agreement among scientists alexander
54Hx_noZi-Y-00543-00124370-00124536 believed that if Christians limited
54Hx_noZi-Y-00544-00124538-00124696 themselves to the facts found in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00545-00124697-00124864 Bible they would necessarily come to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00546-00124865-00125131 agreement he believed that those facts
54Hx_noZi-Y-00547-00125132-00125299 approached in a rational and scientific
54Hx_noZi-Y-00548-00125300-00125508 manner provided a blueprint or
54Hx_noZi-Y-00549-00125509-00125806 constitution for the church Alexander
54Hx_noZi-Y-00550-00125807-00125971 was attracted to this scientific
54Hx_noZi-Y-00551-00125972-00126153 approach to the Bible because it offered
54Hx_noZi-Y-00552-00126154-00126638 a reliable basis for Christian unity
54Hx_noZi-Y-00553-00126639-00126910 topic characteristics of the Campbell
54Hx_noZi-Y-00554-00126911-00127260 movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00555-00127261-00127453 thomas campbell combined the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00556-00127454-00127639 enlightenment approach to unity with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00557-00127640-00127816 reformed and Puritan traditions of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00558-00127817-00128077 restoration the Enlightenment affected
54Hx_noZi-Y-00559-00128078-00128310 the Campbell movement in two ways first
54Hx_noZi-Y-00560-00128311-00128511 it provided the idea that Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00561-00128513-00128713 unity could be achieved by finding a set
54Hx_noZi-Y-00562-00128714-00128893 of essentials that all reasonable people
54Hx_noZi-Y-00563-00128894-00129196 could agree on second it also provided
54Hx_noZi-Y-00564-00129197-00129408 the concept of a rational faith that was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00565-00129409-00129633 formulated and defended based on facts
54Hx_noZi-Y-00566-00129634-00129856 derived from the Bible Campbell's
54Hx_noZi-Y-00567-00129857-00130039 solution to achieve Christian unity
54Hx_noZi-Y-00568-00130040-00130228 combined forsaking the Creed's and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00569-00130229-00130414 traditions which he believed had divided
54Hx_noZi-Y-00570-00130415-00130618 Christians and recovering the primitive
54Hx_noZi-Y-00571-00130619-00130831 Christianity found in scripture that was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00572-00130832-00130969 common for all Christians
54Hx_noZi-Y-00573-00130970-00131173 Alexander Campbell's millennialism was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00574-00131174-00131449 more optimistic than stones he had more
54Hx_noZi-Y-00575-00131450-00131638 confidence in the potential for human
54Hx_noZi-Y-00576-00131639-00131827 progress and believed that Christians
54Hx_noZi-Y-00577-00131828-00132010 could unite to transform the world and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00578-00132011-00132268 initiate a Millennial age Campbell's
54Hx_noZi-Y-00579-00132269-00132472 conceptions were post millennial as he
54Hx_noZi-Y-00580-00132473-00132654 anticipated that the progress of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00581-00132655-00132841 church and society would lead to an age
54Hx_noZi-Y-00582-00132842-00133009 of peace and righteousness before the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00583-00133010-00133246 return of Christ this optimistic
54Hx_noZi-Y-00584-00133247-00133438 approach meant that in addition to his
54Hx_noZi-Y-00585-00133439-00133600 commitment to primitivism he had a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00586-00133601-00134063 progressive strand in his thinking
54Hx_noZi-Y-00587-00134064-00134343 topic merger of the stone and Campbell
54Hx_noZi-Y-00588-00134344-00134728 movements
54Hx_noZi-Y-00589-00134729-00134965 the candle movement was characterized by
54Hx_noZi-Y-00590-00134966-00135216 a systematic and rational reconstruction
54Hx_noZi-Y-00591-00135217-00135526 of the early church in contrast to the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00592-00135527-00135700 stone movement which was characterized
54Hx_noZi-Y-00593-00135701-00135922 by radical freedom and lack of dogma
54Hx_noZi-Y-00594-00135923-00136145 despite their differences the two
54Hx_noZi-Y-00595-00136146-00136324 movements agreed on several critical
54Hx_noZi-Y-00596-00136325-00136622 issues both saw restoring apostolic
54Hx_noZi-Y-00597-00136623-00136828 Christianity as a means of hastening the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00598-00136829-00137101 millennium both also saw restoring the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00599-00137102-00137272 early church as a route to Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00600-00137273-00137515 freedom and both believed that unity
54Hx_noZi-Y-00601-00137516-00137684 among Christians could be achieved by
54Hx_noZi-Y-00602-00137685-00137926 using apostolic Christianity as a model
54Hx_noZi-Y-00603-00137927-00138154 the commitment of both movements to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00604-00138155-00138352 restoring the early church into uniting
54Hx_noZi-Y-00605-00138353-00138506 Christians was enough to motivate a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00606-00138507-00138733 union between many and the two movements
54Hx_noZi-Y-00607-00138734-00138995 the stone and Campbell movements merged
54Hx_noZi-Y-00608-00138996-00139312 in 1832 this was formalized at the High
54Hx_noZi-Y-00609-00139313-00139457 Street meeting house in Lexington
54Hx_noZi-Y-00610-00139458-00139702 Kentucky with a handshake between Barton
54Hx_noZi-Y-00611-00139703-00140074 W stone and Raccoon John Smith Smith had
54Hx_noZi-Y-00612-00140075-00140278 been chosen by attendees as spokesmen
54Hx_noZi-Y-00613-00140279-00140444 for the followers of the Campbells a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00614-00140445-00140621 preliminary meeting of the two groups
54Hx_noZi-Y-00615-00140622-00140882 had been held in late December 1831
54Hx_noZi-Y-00616-00140883-00141095 culminating with the merger on January
54Hx_noZi-Y-00617-00141096-00141379 1st 1832 two representatives of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00618-00141380-00141550 assembly were appointed to carry the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00619-00141551-00141700 news of the Union to all the churches
54Hx_noZi-Y-00620-00141701-00141913 John Rogers for the Christians in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00621-00141914-00142208 Raccoon John Smith for the Reformers
54Hx_noZi-Y-00622-00142209-00142435 despite some challenges the merger
54Hx_noZi-Y-00623-00142436-00142670 succeeded many believed the Union held
54Hx_noZi-Y-00624-00142671-00142879 great promise for the future success of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00625-00142880-00143047 the combined movement and greeted the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00626-00143048-00143254 news enthusiastically when stone and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00627-00143255-00143471 Alexander Campbell's reformers also
54Hx_noZi-Y-00628-00143472-00143629 known as disciples and Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00629-00143630-00143935 Baptists United in 1832 only a minority
54Hx_noZi-Y-00630-00143936-00144146 of Christians from the Smith Jones and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00631-00144147-00144424 O'Kelly movements participated those who
54Hx_noZi-Y-00632-00144425-00144622 did were from congregations west of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00633-00144623-00144799 Appalachian Mountains that had come into
54Hx_noZi-Y-00634-00144800-00145043 contact with the stone movement the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00635-00145044-00145213 eastern members had several key
54Hx_noZi-Y-00636-00145214-00145394 differences with the Stone and Campbell
54Hx_noZi-Y-00637-00145395-00145568 group an emphasis on conversion
54Hx_noZi-Y-00638-00145569-00145759 experience quarterly observance of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00639-00145760-00146029 Communion and non trinitarianism those
54Hx_noZi-Y-00640-00146030-00146203 who did not unite with Campbell merged
54Hx_noZi-Y-00641-00146204-00146464 with the Congregational churches in 1931
54Hx_noZi-Y-00642-00146465-00146657 to form the Congregational Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00643-00146658-00147020 churches in 1957 the Congregational
54Hx_noZi-Y-00644-00147021-00147158 Christian Church merged with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00645-00147159-00147361 evangelical and reformed church to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00646-00147362-00147889 become the United Church of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-00647-00147890-00148622 topic united movement 1832 to 1906
54Hx_noZi-Y-00648-00148623-00148844 the merger raised the question of what
54Hx_noZi-Y-00649-00148845-00149072 to call the new movement finding a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00650-00149073-00149266 biblical non-sectarian name was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00651-00149267-00149498 important stone wanted to continue to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00652-00149499-00149810 use the name Christians while Alexander
54Hx_noZi-Y-00653-00149811-00150056 Campbell insisted upon disciples of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00654-00150057-00150359 Christ stone advocated using the name
54Hx_noZi-Y-00655-00150360-00150647 Christians based on its use in Acts
54Hx_noZi-Y-00656-00150648-00150908 chapter 11 verse 26 while Campbell
54Hx_noZi-Y-00657-00150909-00151196 preferred the term disciples because he
54Hx_noZi-Y-00658-00151197-00151364 saw it as both a more humble and an
54Hx_noZi-Y-00659-00151365-00151666 older designation as a result both names
54Hx_noZi-Y-00660-00151667-00151865 were used and the confusion over names
54Hx_noZi-Y-00661-00151866-00152222 has continued ever since after 1830 to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00662-00152223-00152525 use of the term Reformation became
54Hx_noZi-Y-00663-00152526-00152720 frequent among leaders of the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00664-00152721-00152936 the Campbells had designated themselves
54Hx_noZi-Y-00665-00152937-00153227 as reformers and other early leaders
54Hx_noZi-Y-00666-00153228-00153454 also saw themselves as reformers seeking
54Hx_noZi-Y-00667-00153455-00153677 Christian unity and restoring apostolic
54Hx_noZi-Y-00668-00153678-00153953 Christianity the movements language at
54Hx_noZi-Y-00669-00153954-00154132 the time included phrases such as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00670-00154133-00154469 religious Reformation the present
54Hx_noZi-Y-00671-00154470-00154791 Reformation the current Reformation and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00672-00154792-00155134 the cause of Reformation the term
54Hx_noZi-Y-00673-00155135-00155450 restoration movement became popular as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00674-00155451-00155711 the 19th century progressed it appears
54Hx_noZi-Y-00675-00155712-00155890 to have been inspired by Alexander
54Hx_noZi-Y-00676-00155891-00156137 Campbell's essays on a restoration of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00677-00156138-00156391 the ancient order of things in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00678-00156392-00156596 Christian baptist the combined movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00679-00156597-00156841 grew rapidly over the period from 1832
54Hx_noZi-Y-00680-00156842-00157253 to 1906 according to the 1906 u.s.
54Hx_noZi-Y-00681-00157254-00157472 religious census the combined membership
54Hx_noZi-Y-00682-00157473-00157613 of the movement made it the sixth
54Hx_noZi-Y-00683-00157614-00157781 largest Christian group in the country
54Hx_noZi-Y-00684-00157782-00158135 at that time
54Hx_noZi-Y-00685-00158136-00158619 topic journals
54Hx_noZi-Y-00686-00158620-00158859 the disciples do not have bishops they
54Hx_noZi-Y-00687-00158860-00159117 have editors from the beginning of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00688-00159118-00159273 movement the free exchange of ideas
54Hx_noZi-Y-00689-00159274-00159468 among the people was fostered by the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00690-00159469-00159683 journals published by its leaders
54Hx_noZi-Y-00691-00159684-00159885 Alexander Campbell published the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00692-00159886-00160056 Christian Baptist in the Millennial
54Hx_noZi-Y-00693-00160057-00160296 Harbinger stone published the Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00694-00160297-00160365 messenger
54Hx_noZi-Y-00695-00160366-00160569 both men routinely published the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00696-00160570-00160785 contributions of persons whose positions
54Hx_noZi-Y-00697-00160786-00160970 differed radically from their own
54Hx_noZi-Y-00698-00160971-00161301 following Campbell's death in 1866 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00699-00161302-00161442 journals were used to keep the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00700-00161443-00161805 discussions going between 1870 and 1900
54Hx_noZi-Y-00701-00161806-00162000 two journals emerged as the most
54Hx_noZi-Y-00702-00162001-00162258 prominent the Christian standard was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00703-00162259-00162468 edited and published by Isaac eret of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00704-00162469-00162774 Cincinnati Ohio the Christian evangelist
54Hx_noZi-Y-00705-00162775-00163026 was edited and published by JH garrison
54Hx_noZi-Y-00706-00163027-00163293 from st. Louis the two men enjoyed a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00707-00163294-00163500 friendly rivalry and kept the dialogue
54Hx_noZi-Y-00708-00163501-00163677 going within the movement the gospel
54Hx_noZi-Y-00709-00163678-00163857 advocate was founded by the nashville
54Hx_noZi-Y-00710-00163858-00164156 area preacher tolbert Fanning in 1855
54Hx_noZi-Y-00711-00164157-00164394 Fanning's student William Lipscomb
54Hx_noZi-Y-00712-00164395-00164610 served as co-editor until the American
54Hx_noZi-Y-00713-00164611-00164784 Civil War forced them to suspend
54Hx_noZi-Y-00714-00164785-00165144 publication in 1861 after the end of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00715-00165145-00165459 Civil War publication resumed in 1866
54Hx_noZi-Y-00716-00165460-00165633 under the editorship of Fanning and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00717-00165634-00165834 William Lipscomb's younger brother David
54Hx_noZi-Y-00718-00165835-00166062 Lipscomb Fanning soon retired and David
54Hx_noZi-Y-00719-00166063-00166326 Lipscomb became the sole editor while
54Hx_noZi-Y-00720-00166327-00166557 David Lipscomb was the editor the focus
54Hx_noZi-Y-00721-00166558-00166719 was on seeking unity by following
54Hx_noZi-Y-00722-00166720-00166926 Scripture exactly and the advocates
54Hx_noZi-Y-00723-00166927-00167106 editorial position was to reject
54Hx_noZi-Y-00724-00167107-00167301 anything that is not explicitly allowed
54Hx_noZi-Y-00725-00167302-00167520 by scripture the Christian Oracle began
54Hx_noZi-Y-00726-00167521-00167859 publication in 1884 it was later known
54Hx_noZi-Y-00727-00167860-00168054 as the Christian century and offered an
54Hx_noZi-Y-00728-00168055-00168378 interdenominational appeal in 1914
54Hx_noZi-Y-00729-00168379-00168594 Garrison's Christian publishing company
54Hx_noZi-Y-00730-00168595-00168846 was purchased by ra long
54Hx_noZi-Y-00731-00168847-00169008 he established a non-profit corporation
54Hx_noZi-Y-00732-00169009-00169293 the Christian Board of publication as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00733-00169294-00169872 the Brotherhood publishing house
54Hx_noZi-Y-00734-00169873-00170097 topic Anabaptism and materialism
54Hx_noZi-Y-00735-00170098-00170489 controversies
54Hx_noZi-Y-00736-00170490-00170706 the christadelphians Church of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00737-00170707-00170927 Blessed hope and Church of God General
54Hx_noZi-Y-00738-00170928-00171104 Conference also have roots in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00739-00171105-00171270 restoration movement but took their own
54Hx_noZi-Y-00740-00171271-00171662 direction about this time in 1832 Walter
54Hx_noZi-Y-00741-00171663-00171899 Scott baptized John Thomas an English
54Hx_noZi-Y-00742-00171900-00172097 doctor who had emigrated to the United
54Hx_noZi-Y-00743-00172098-00172385 States Thomas was a strong supporter of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00744-00172386-00172608 Alexander Campbell and the principles of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00745-00172609-00172766 the disciples movement and he quickly
54Hx_noZi-Y-00746-00172767-00172937 became a well-known leader and teacher
54Hx_noZi-Y-00747-00172938-00173171 in 1834
54Hx_noZi-Y-00748-00173172-00173360 however Thomas took a contrary position
54Hx_noZi-Y-00749-00173361-00173534 to Alexander Campbell on the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00750-00173535-00173733 significance of baptism which led to a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00751-00173734-00173996 sharp conflict between the two men while
54Hx_noZi-Y-00752-00173997-00174164 Campbell believed baptism by immersion
54Hx_noZi-Y-00753-00174165-00174420 to be very important he recognised as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00754-00174421-00174608 Christians all who believe Jesus of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00755-00174609-00174800 Nazareth to be Messiah and Lord and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00756-00174801-00175076 recognized any prior baptism for this
54Hx_noZi-Y-00757-00175077-00175281 reason members of Baptist churches who
54Hx_noZi-Y-00758-00175282-00175443 joined the disciples movement were not
54Hx_noZi-Y-00759-00175444-00175751 required to be baptized again Thomas on
54Hx_noZi-Y-00760-00175752-00175983 the other hand insisted that of baptism
54Hx_noZi-Y-00761-00175984-00176157 based on a different understanding of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00762-00176158-00176346 the gospel - that held in the disciples
54Hx_noZi-Y-00763-00176347-00176537 movement was not a valid baptism and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00764-00176538-00176684 called for remapped ISM in his
54Hx_noZi-Y-00765-00176685-00176921 periodical the apostolic advocate
54Hx_noZi-Y-00766-00176922-00177158 Campbell viewed this as sectarianism
54Hx_noZi-Y-00767-00177159-00177335 which cut across the fundamental
54Hx_noZi-Y-00768-00177336-00177512 commitment of the disciples movement to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00769-00177513-00177871 the union of all Christians and rejected
54Hx_noZi-Y-00770-00177872-00178237 Anabaptism the two men became as strange
54Hx_noZi-Y-00771-00178238-00178494 Thomas began to refuse to share prayer
54Hx_noZi-Y-00772-00178495-00178676 worship or communion with those he
54Hx_noZi-Y-00773-00178677-00178865 considered not to be validly baptized
54Hx_noZi-Y-00774-00178866-00179162 Christians his theological views also
54Hx_noZi-Y-00775-00179163-00179486 continued to develop by 1837 he was
54Hx_noZi-Y-00776-00179487-00179696 teaching and dilation ISM and debated a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00777-00179697-00179941 Presbyterian clergyman Isaac Watts
54Hx_noZi-Y-00778-00179942-00180215 Campbell interpreted this as materialism
54Hx_noZi-Y-00779-00180216-00180381 and believed that it undermined the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00780-00180382-00180558 biblical doctrine of the Resurrection
54Hx_noZi-Y-00781-00180559-00180833 and reacted strongly in the Millennial
54Hx_noZi-Y-00782-00180834-00181010 Harbinger he announced that he could no
54Hx_noZi-Y-00783-00181011-00181286 longer consider Thomas a brother many
54Hx_noZi-Y-00784-00181287-00181511 congregations of disciples took this as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00785-00181512-00181658 an indication that they should withhold
54Hx_noZi-Y-00786-00181659-00181865 fellowship from Thomas and he found
54Hx_noZi-Y-00787-00181866-00182083 himself on the margins of the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00788-00182084-00182312 Thomas continued to have supporters
54Hx_noZi-Y-00789-00182313-00182496 among the disciples but moved further
54Hx_noZi-Y-00790-00182497-00182797 and further from Christian orthodoxy in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00791-00182798-00183113 1846 he published a confession and Abbe
54Hx_noZi-Y-00792-00183114-00183347 duration of the faith he held at his
54Hx_noZi-Y-00793-00183348-00183539 baptism and arranged to be baptized
54Hx_noZi-Y-00794-00183540-00183800 again despite this when he toured the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00795-00183801-00183888 United Kingdom
54Hx_noZi-Y-00796-00183889-00184146 to give prophetic lectures in 1848 to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00797-00184147-00184389 1850 he played down his separation from
54Hx_noZi-Y-00798-00184390-00184584 the disciples movement in an endeavor to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00799-00184585-00184854 access congregations in Britain but his
54Hx_noZi-Y-00800-00184855-00185049 true position was discovered by James
54Hx_noZi-Y-00801-00185050-00185253 Wallace and David King and the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-00802-00185254-00185607 closed ranks against him in 1864 he
54Hx_noZi-Y-00803-00185608-00185835 coined the name christadelphians
54Hx_noZi-Y-00804-00185836-00186030 for those who shared his views and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00805-00186031-00186180 sought to register as conscientious
54Hx_noZi-Y-00806-00186181-00186480 objectors to military service the new
54Hx_noZi-Y-00807-00186481-00186711 name was adopted by Robert Roberts the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00808-00186712-00186900 Scottish protege of Thomas for the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00809-00186901-00187083 periodical which he had just begun to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00810-00187084-00187293 publish in Birmingham and the sect began
54Hx_noZi-Y-00811-00187294-00187620 to grow rapidly Benjamin Wilson left the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00812-00187621-00187827 disciples about the same time as Thomas
54Hx_noZi-Y-00813-00187828-00188103 but split with Thomas in 1863 over
54Hx_noZi-Y-00814-00188104-00188328 disagreements about eschatology forming
54Hx_noZi-Y-00815-00188329-00188514 the Church of God of the Abrahamic faith
54Hx_noZi-Y-00816-00188515-00188772 during the American Civil War his
54Hx_noZi-Y-00817-00188773-00188964 followers also sought to register as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00818-00188965-00189204 conscientious objectors some
54Hx_noZi-Y-00819-00189205-00189402 congregations were unable to register
54Hx_noZi-Y-00820-00189403-00189609 this name due to local regulations and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00821-00189610-00189801 chose an alternative name Church of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00822-00189802-00189999 Blessed hope but the two names referred
54Hx_noZi-Y-00823-00190000-00190266 to the same sect the sect divided in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00824-00190267-00190533 1921 and the Church of God General
54Hx_noZi-Y-00825-00190534-00190713 Conference was formed by the larger
54Hx_noZi-Y-00826-00190714-00191021 grouping
54Hx_noZi-Y-00827-00191022-00191637 topic missionary society controversy
54Hx_noZi-Y-00828-00191638-00191967 in 18-49 the first national convention
54Hx_noZi-Y-00829-00191968-00192276 was held at Cincinnati Ohio Alexander
54Hx_noZi-Y-00830-00192277-00192453 Campbell had concerns that holding
54Hx_noZi-Y-00831-00192454-00192627 conventions would lead the movement into
54Hx_noZi-Y-00832-00192628-00192894 divisive denominationalism he did not
54Hx_noZi-Y-00833-00192895-00193119 attend the gathering among its actions
54Hx_noZi-Y-00834-00193120-00193311 the convention elected Alexander
54Hx_noZi-Y-00835-00193312-00193503 Campbell its president and created the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00836-00193504-00193731 American Christian Missionary Society a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00837-00193732-00194031 CMS by the end of the century the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00838-00194032-00194253 foreign Christian missionary society and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00839-00194254-00194424 the Christian woman's board of missions
54Hx_noZi-Y-00840-00194425-00194589 were also engaged in missionary
54Hx_noZi-Y-00841-00194590-00194907 activities forming the ACMs did not
54Hx_noZi-Y-00842-00194908-00195084 reflect a consensus of the entire
54Hx_noZi-Y-00843-00195085-00195218 movement and these parachurch
54Hx_noZi-Y-00844-00195219-00195455 organizations became a divisive issue
54Hx_noZi-Y-00845-00195456-00195705 while there was no disagreement over the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00846-00195706-00195912 need for evangelism many believed that
54Hx_noZi-Y-00847-00195913-00196131 missionary societies were not authorized
54Hx_noZi-Y-00848-00196132-00196296 by Scripture and would compromise the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00849-00196297-00196596 autonomy of local congregations the ACMs
54Hx_noZi-Y-00850-00196597-00196818 was not as successful as proponents had
54Hx_noZi-Y-00851-00196819-00197055 hoped it was opposed by those who
54Hx_noZi-Y-00852-00197056-00197238 believed any extra congregational
54Hx_noZi-Y-00853-00197239-00197409 organizations were inappropriate
54Hx_noZi-Y-00854-00197410-00197634 hostility grew when the ACMs took a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00855-00197635-00197928 stand in 1863 favoring the Union side
54Hx_noZi-Y-00856-00197929-00198102 during the American Civil War
54Hx_noZi-Y-00857-00198103-00198372 a convention held in Louisville Kentucky
54Hx_noZi-Y-00858-00198373-00198654 in 1869 adopted a plan intended to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00859-00198655-00198882 address a perceived need to reorganize
54Hx_noZi-Y-00860-00198883-00199107 the American Christian missionary
54Hx_noZi-Y-00861-00199108-00199407 society a CMS in a way that would be
54Hx_noZi-Y-00862-00199408-00199581 acceptable to more members of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00863-00199582-00199989 movement the Louisville plan as it came
54Hx_noZi-Y-00864-00199990-00200157 to be known attempted to build on
54Hx_noZi-Y-00865-00200158-00200346 existing local and regional conventions
54Hx_noZi-Y-00866-00200347-00200568 and to promote the harmonious
54Hx_noZi-Y-00867-00200569-00200754 cooperation of all the state and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00868-00200755-00201072 district boards and conventions it
54Hx_noZi-Y-00869-00201073-00201243 established a general Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-00870-00201244-00201609 missionary convention GCM see membership
54Hx_noZi-Y-00871-00201610-00201762 was congregational rather than
54Hx_noZi-Y-00872-00201763-00202032 individual local congregations elected
54Hx_noZi-Y-00873-00202033-00202227 delegates to district meetings which in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00874-00202228-00202442 turn elected delegates to state meetings
54Hx_noZi-Y-00875-00202443-00202713 states were given to delegates plus an
54Hx_noZi-Y-00876-00202714-00202923 additional delegate for every 5000
54Hx_noZi-Y-00877-00202924-00203190 members the plan proved divisive and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00878-00203191-00203427 faced immediate opposition opponents
54Hx_noZi-Y-00879-00203428-00203553 continued to argue that any
54Hx_noZi-Y-00880-00203554-00203760 organizational structure above the local
54Hx_noZi-Y-00881-00203761-00203976 congregational level was not authorized
54Hx_noZi-Y-00882-00203977-00204153 by scripture and there was a general
54Hx_noZi-Y-00883-00204154-00204327 concern that the board had been given
54Hx_noZi-Y-00884-00204328-00204636 too much authority by 1872 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00885-00204637-00204909 Louisville plan had effectively failed
54Hx_noZi-Y-00886-00204910-00205059 direct contributions from individuals
54Hx_noZi-Y-00887-00205060-00205401 were sad again in 1873 individual
54Hx_noZi-Y-00888-00205402-00205667 membership was reinstated in 1881 and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00889-00205669-00205823 the name was changed back to the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00890-00205825-00206048 American Christian missionary society in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00891-00206050-00206421 1895
54Hx_noZi-Y-00892-00206421-00206706 topic use of musical instruments in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00893-00206707-00207062 worship
54Hx_noZi-Y-00894-00207063-00207278 the use of musical instruments in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00895-00207279-00207450 worship was discussed in journal
54Hx_noZi-Y-00896-00207451-00207750 articles as early as 18-49 but initial
54Hx_noZi-Y-00897-00207751-00207944 reactions were generally unfavorable
54Hx_noZi-Y-00898-00207944-00208196 some congregations however are
54Hx_noZi-Y-00899-00208198-00208394 documented as having used musical
54Hx_noZi-Y-00900-00208396-00208698 instruments in the 1850s and 1860s an
54Hx_noZi-Y-00901-00208698-00208931 example is the Church in Midway Kentucky
54Hx_noZi-Y-00902-00208932-00209198 which was using an instrument by 1860 a
54Hx_noZi-Y-00903-00209198-00209496 member of the congregation ll Pinkerton
54Hx_noZi-Y-00904-00209496-00209657 brought a melody on into the church
54Hx_noZi-Y-00905-00209658-00209852 building the minister had been
54Hx_noZi-Y-00906-00209853-00210146 distressed to his breaking point by the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00907-00210148-00210359 poor quality of the congregation singing
54Hx_noZi-Y-00908-00210360-00210600 at first the instrument was used for
54Hx_noZi-Y-00909-00210601-00210803 singing practices held on Saturday night
54Hx_noZi-Y-00910-00210804-00210987 but was soon used during the worship on
54Hx_noZi-Y-00911-00210988-00211217 Sunday one of the elders of that
54Hx_noZi-Y-00912-00211219-00211446 assembly removed the first melodeon but
54Hx_noZi-Y-00913-00211446-00211631 it was soon replaced by another both
54Hx_noZi-Y-00914-00211632-00211832 acceptance of instruments and discussion
54Hx_noZi-Y-00915-00211833-00212006 of the issue grew after the American
54Hx_noZi-Y-00916-00212007-00212285 Civil War opponents argued that the new
54Hx_noZi-Y-00917-00212286-00212507 testament provided no authorization for
54Hx_noZi-Y-00918-00212508-00212678 their use in worship while supporters
54Hx_noZi-Y-00919-00212679-00212885 argued on the basis of expediency and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00920-00212886-00213130 Christian Liberty affluent urban
54Hx_noZi-Y-00921-00213131-00213350 congregations were more likely to adopt
54Hx_noZi-Y-00922-00213351-00213546 musical instruments while poorer and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00923-00213546-00213738 more rural congregations tended to see
54Hx_noZi-Y-00924-00213739-00213977 them as an accommodation to the ways of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00925-00213978-00214250 the world the encyclopedia of the Stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-00926-00214251-00214437 Campbell movement notes that restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-00927-00214438-00214614 movement historians have tended to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00928-00214615-00214791 interpret the controversy over the use
54Hx_noZi-Y-00929-00214792-00215000 of musical instruments in worship in
54Hx_noZi-Y-00930-00215001-00215246 ways that reflect their own attitudes on
54Hx_noZi-Y-00931-00215248-00215492 the issue examples are given of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00932-00215494-00215691 historians from different branches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00933-00215692-00215882 the movement interpreting it in relation
54Hx_noZi-Y-00934-00215883-00216071 to the statements of early restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-00935-00216073-00216281 movement leaders in terms of social and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00936-00216282-00216498 cultural factors differing approaches to
54Hx_noZi-Y-00937-00216498-00216653 interpreting Scripture differing
54Hx_noZi-Y-00938-00216654-00216840 approaches to the authority of scripture
54Hx_noZi-Y-00939-00216841-00217180 and ecumenical progressivism versus
54Hx_noZi-Y-00940-00217181-00217663 sectarian primitivism
54Hx_noZi-Y-00941-00217664-00218180 topic role of clergy
54Hx_noZi-Y-00942-00218181-00218447 the early 19th century restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-00943-00218448-00218624 movement encompassed very different
54Hx_noZi-Y-00944-00218625-00218834 views concerning the role of clergy the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00945-00218835-00219056 Campbell branch was strongly anti clergy
54Hx_noZi-Y-00946-00219057-00219254 believing there was no justification for
54Hx_noZi-Y-00947-00219255-00219467 a clergy lay distinction while the stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-00948-00219469-00219642 branch believed that only an ordained
54Hx_noZi-Y-00949-00219642-00220096 minister could officiate at communion
54Hx_noZi-Y-00950-00220096-00220463 topic biblical interpretation
54Hx_noZi-Y-00951-00220464-00220644 you
54Hx_noZi-Y-00952-00220644-00220878 early leaders of the movement had a high
54Hx_noZi-Y-00953-00220879-00221060 view of Scripture and believed that it
54Hx_noZi-Y-00954-00221061-00221269 was both inspired and infallible
54Hx_noZi-Y-00955-00221271-00221487 dissenting views developed during the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00956-00221488-00221862 19th century as early as 18-49 ll
54Hx_noZi-Y-00957-00221863-00222035 Pinkerton denied the inerrancy of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00958-00222036-00222317 Bible according to the encyclopedia of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00959-00222319-00222516 the Stone Campbell movement Pinkerton us
54Hx_noZi-Y-00960-00222517-00222785 sometimes labeled the first liberal of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00961-00222786-00223106 the Stone Campbell movement in addition
54Hx_noZi-Y-00962-00223107-00223302 to rejecting the plenary inspiration of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00963-00223303-00223469 the Bible and supporting the use of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00964-00223471-00223673 instruments in worship Pinkerton also
54Hx_noZi-Y-00965-00223675-00223989 supported open membership recognizing as
54Hx_noZi-Y-00966-00223990-00224171 members individuals who have not been
54Hx_noZi-Y-00967-00224173-00224369 baptized by immersion and was a strong
54Hx_noZi-Y-00968-00224371-00224526 supporter of the temperance and
54Hx_noZi-Y-00969-00224527-00224826 abolition movements as the 19th century
54Hx_noZi-Y-00970-00224827-00225021 progressed the denial of the inerrancy
54Hx_noZi-Y-00971-00225021-00225369 of the Bible slowly spread in 1883 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00972-00225369-00225588 editor of the Christian standard Isaac
54Hx_noZi-Y-00973-00225589-00225798 Aaron said admitting the fact of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00974-00225798-00226007 inspiration have we in the inspired
54Hx_noZi-Y-00975-00226008-00226366 scriptures an infallible guide
54Hx_noZi-Y-00976-00226367-00226560 I do not see how we can answer this
54Hx_noZi-Y-00977-00226561-00226903 question affirmatively others including
54Hx_noZi-Y-00978-00226904-00227167 JW McGarvey fiercely opposed these new
54Hx_noZi-Y-00979-00227167-00227622 liberal views
54Hx_noZi-Y-00980-00227623-00227814 pick separation of the Churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00981-00227815-00228313 Christ in Christian churches
54Hx_noZi-Y-00982-00228314-00228556 nothing in life has given me more pain
54Hx_noZi-Y-00983-00228557-00228733 in heart than the separation from those
54Hx_noZi-Y-00984-00228734-00229192 I have heretofore worked with and loved
54Hx_noZi-Y-00985-00229192-00229860 topic factors leading to the separation
54Hx_noZi-Y-00986-00229861-00230048 disagreement over centralized
54Hx_noZi-Y-00987-00230048-00230209 organizations above the local
54Hx_noZi-Y-00988-00230210-00230444 congregational level such as missionary
54Hx_noZi-Y-00989-00230444-00230644 societies and conventions was one
54Hx_noZi-Y-00990-00230646-00230801 important factor leading to the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00991-00230802-00230951 separation of the Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-00992-00230952-00231164 from the Christian Church disciples of
54Hx_noZi-Y-00993-00231165-00231469 Christ after the American Civil War more
54Hx_noZi-Y-00994-00231471-00231665 congregations began using instruments
54Hx_noZi-Y-00995-00231666-00231946 which led to growing controversy the
54Hx_noZi-Y-00996-00231948-00232127 greatest acceptance was among urban
54Hx_noZi-Y-00997-00232128-00232301 congregations in the northern states
54Hx_noZi-Y-00998-00232302-00232517 very few congregations in the southern
54Hx_noZi-Y-00999-00232517-00232703 United States used instruments in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01000-00232704-00232901 worship while music and the approach to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01001-00232902-00233071 missionary work were the most visible
54Hx_noZi-Y-01002-00233073-00233278 issues there were also some deeper ones
54Hx_noZi-Y-01003-00233279-00233467 such as basic differences in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01004-00233469-00233627 underlying approach to biblical
54Hx_noZi-Y-01005-00233628-00233852 interpretation for the Churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01006-00233853-00234077 Christ any practices not present in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01007-00234078-00234259 accounts of New Testament worship were
54Hx_noZi-Y-01008-00234260-00234430 not permissible in the church and they
54Hx_noZi-Y-01009-00234431-00234569 could find no New Testament
54Hx_noZi-Y-01010-00234569-00234781 documentation of the use of instrumental
54Hx_noZi-Y-01011-00234782-00235016 music in worship for the Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01012-00235017-00235226 churches any practices not expressly
54Hx_noZi-Y-01013-00235227-00235463 forbidden could be considered the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01014-00235464-00235694 American Civil War exacerbated the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01015-00235694-00235882 cultural tensions between the two groups
54Hx_noZi-Y-01016-00235883-00236107 as the 19th century progressed a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01017-00236108-00236278 division gradually developed between
54Hx_noZi-Y-01018-00236279-00236458 those whose primary commitment was to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01019-00236459-00236675 unity and those whose primary commitment
54Hx_noZi-Y-01020-00236676-00236842 was to the restoration of the primitive
54Hx_noZi-Y-01021-00236844-00237116 church those whose primary focus was
54Hx_noZi-Y-01022-00237117-00237371 unity gradually took on an explicitly
54Hx_noZi-Y-01023-00237371-00237701 ecumenical agenda and slept off the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01024-00237702-00237946 restorationist vision this group
54Hx_noZi-Y-01025-00237948-00238219 increasingly used the terms disciples of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01026-00238221-00238585 Christ and Christian churches rather
54Hx_noZi-Y-01027-00238586-00238903 than Churches of Christ at the same time
54Hx_noZi-Y-01028-00238904-00239075 those whose primary focus was
54Hx_noZi-Y-01029-00239076-00239233 restoration of the primitive Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01030-00239234-00239462 increasingly used the term Churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01031-00239463-00239808 Christ rather than disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01032-00239809-00240053 reports on the changes an increasing
54Hx_noZi-Y-01033-00240054-00240212 separation among the groups were
54Hx_noZi-Y-01034-00240213-00240500 published as early as 1883 the rise of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01035-00240501-00240665 women leaders in the temperance and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01036-00240666-00240853 missionary movements primarily in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01037-00240854-00241069 north also contributed to the separation
54Hx_noZi-Y-01038-00241071-00241258 of the unaffiliated Christian Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01039-00241259-00241531 Church of Christ congregations in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01040-00241532-00241751 Christian churches many women spoke in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01041-00241752-00241933 public on behalf of the new Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01042-00241934-00242201 woman's board of missions see WBM and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01043-00242202-00242473 women's Christian Temperance Union WCTU
54Hx_noZi-Y-01044-00242475-00242755 in contrast the Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01045-00242756-00242990 largely discouraged women from joining
54Hx_noZi-Y-01046-00242991-00243196 activist women's organizations such as
54Hx_noZi-Y-01047-00243198-00243227 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01048-00243228-00243500 WCTU and speaking in public about any
54Hx_noZi-Y-01049-00243501-00243860 issue in 1889 the Erie Christian Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01050-00243861-00244037 confirmed the leadership role of women
54Hx_noZi-Y-01051-00244038-00244294 by ordaining Clara Celestia Hale Babcock
54Hx_noZi-Y-01052-00244296-00244471 as the first known woman disciple
54Hx_noZi-Y-01053-00244473-00244850 preacher
54Hx_noZi-Y-01054-00244851-00245457 topic formal recognition in 1906
54Hx_noZi-Y-01055-00245458-00245721 the United States Census Bureau began a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01056-00245721-00246117 religious census in 1906 special agents
54Hx_noZi-Y-01057-00246117-00246279 were used to collect information on
54Hx_noZi-Y-01058-00246280-00246441 those groups which had little or no
54Hx_noZi-Y-01059-00246442-00246671 formal organizational structure such as
54Hx_noZi-Y-01060-00246673-00246840 the churches associated with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01061-00246841-00247094 restoration movement officials working
54Hx_noZi-Y-01062-00247096-00247292 on the census noticed signs that the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01063-00247294-00247482 movement was no longer unified the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01064-00247483-00247673 gospel advocate appeared at times to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01065-00247675-00247851 distance itself from the disciples of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01066-00247852-00248040 Christ and the bureau had received at
54Hx_noZi-Y-01067-00248041-00248183 least one letter claiming that some
54Hx_noZi-Y-01068-00248184-00248457 Churches of Christ were no longer
54Hx_noZi-Y-01069-00248458-00248712 affiliated with the disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01070-00248713-00248967 to resolve the question the census
54Hx_noZi-Y-01071-00248967-00249201 director Simon Newton Dexter North wrote
54Hx_noZi-Y-01072-00249202-00249417 a letter to David Lipscomb the editor of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01073-00249417-00249687 The Advocate he asked I would like to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01074-00249688-00249933 know one whether there is a religious
54Hx_noZi-Y-01075-00249934-00250121 body called Church of Christ not
54Hx_noZi-Y-01076-00250123-00250317 identified with the disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01077-00250317-00250653 or any other Baptist body - if there is
54Hx_noZi-Y-01078-00250654-00250842 such a body has it any general
54Hx_noZi-Y-01079-00250842-00251079 organization with headquarters officers
54Hx_noZi-Y-01080-00251080-00251267 district or general conventions
54Hx_noZi-Y-01081-00251267-00251631 associations or conferences 3 how did it
54Hx_noZi-Y-01082-00251632-00251802 originate and what are its distinctive
54Hx_noZi-Y-01083-00251803-00252048 principles for how best can there be
54Hx_noZi-Y-01084-00252048-00252308 secured a complete list of the church's
54Hx_noZi-Y-01085-00252309-00252540 Lipscombe summarized the early history
54Hx_noZi-Y-01086-00252541-00252777 of the movement described the general
54Hx_noZi-Y-01087-00252778-00252987 organization of the churches under a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01088-00252988-00253182 Missionary Society with a money
54Hx_noZi-Y-01089-00253183-00253503 membership and the adoption of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01090-00253504-00253815 instrumental music in the worship as a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01091-00253816-00254088 subversion of the fundamental principles
54Hx_noZi-Y-01092-00254089-00254303 on which the churches were based and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01093-00254304-00254637 then continued there is a distinct
54Hx_noZi-Y-01094-00254638-00254819 people taking the Word of God as their
54Hx_noZi-Y-01095-00254821-00255039 only insufficient rule of faith calling
54Hx_noZi-Y-01096-00255040-00255228 their churches Churches of Christ or
54Hx_noZi-Y-01097-00255229-00255446 churches of God distinct and separate
54Hx_noZi-Y-01098-00255448-00255642 and named work and rule of faith from
54Hx_noZi-Y-01099-00255642-00256023 all other bodies of people the 1906 US
54Hx_noZi-Y-01100-00256023-00256212 religious census for the first time
54Hx_noZi-Y-01101-00256213-00256515 listed the Churches of Christ and the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01102-00256516-00256815 disciples of Christ as separate and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01103-00256816-00257088 distinct groups this however was simply
54Hx_noZi-Y-01104-00257089-00257262 the recognition of a division that had
54Hx_noZi-Y-01105-00257263-00257433 been growing for years with published
54Hx_noZi-Y-01106-00257434-00257787 reports as early as 1883 the process
54Hx_noZi-Y-01107-00257788-00257979 that led to this separation had begun
54Hx_noZi-Y-01108-00257980-00258186 prior to the American Civil War for
54Hx_noZi-Y-01109-00258187-00258392 Lipscomb an underlying theological
54Hx_noZi-Y-01110-00258394-00258569 concern was the adoption of German
54Hx_noZi-Y-01111-00258571-00258753 liberal theology by many among the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01112-00258754-00258810 disciples
54Hx_noZi-Y-01113-00258811-00259056 wing of the restoration movement he saw
54Hx_noZi-Y-01114-00259057-00259215 them as taking a direction very
54Hx_noZi-Y-01115-00259216-00259377 different from the principles enunciated
54Hx_noZi-Y-01116-00259378-00259590 by Thomas and Alexander Campbell
54Hx_noZi-Y-01117-00259591-00259788 Lipscomb's response to the Census Bureau
54Hx_noZi-Y-01118-00259789-00260001 and its official listing of the two
54Hx_noZi-Y-01119-00260002-00260283 groups in 1906 became another source of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01120-00260284-00260559 friction between the groups James Harvey
54Hx_noZi-Y-01121-00260560-00260913 garrison editor of the disciples journal
54Hx_noZi-Y-01122-00260914-00261105 the Christian evangelist accused
54Hx_noZi-Y-01123-00261106-00261441 Lipscomb a-- sectarianism Lipscomb said
54Hx_noZi-Y-01124-00261442-00261657 that he had done nothing to bring about
54Hx_noZi-Y-01125-00261658-00261933 the present condition of affairs the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01126-00261934-00262119 Census Bureau had started the discussion
54Hx_noZi-Y-01127-00262119-00262341 and he had simply answered the question
54Hx_noZi-Y-01128-00262342-00262584 they brought to him movement historian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01129-00262585-00262803 Douglas Foster has summarized the events
54Hx_noZi-Y-01130-00262804-00263085 this way the data reflected what had
54Hx_noZi-Y-01131-00263086-00263262 already happened and what continued to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01132-00263263-00263514 happen for at least another decade the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01133-00263515-00263733 Census Bureau itself had noticed a rift
54Hx_noZi-Y-01134-00263734-00263943 between Churches of Christ and disciples
54Hx_noZi-Y-01135-00263944-00264093 of Christ and in the interest of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01136-00264094-00264276 reliable data collection tried to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01137-00264277-00264476 ascertain if that was true
54Hx_noZi-Y-01138-00264477-00264720 Lipscomb agreed that it was accurate to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01139-00264721-00264933 list the two separately garrison did not
54Hx_noZi-Y-01140-00264934-00265218 the division did not begin or happen in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01141-00265219-00265560 1906 it was nearing its end the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01142-00265561-00265743 government did not declare the division
54Hx_noZi-Y-01143-00265744-00265959 the Census Bureau simply published data
54Hx_noZi-Y-01144-00265960-00266365 received
54Hx_noZi-Y-01145-00266366-00266780 topic aftermath
54Hx_noZi-Y-01146-00266781-00267104 when the 1906 US religious census was
54Hx_noZi-Y-01147-00267105-00267353 published in 1910 it reported combined
54Hx_noZi-Y-01148-00267354-00267608 totals for the disciples are Christians
54Hx_noZi-Y-01149-00267609-00267923 for comparison to the 1890 statistics on
54Hx_noZi-Y-01150-00267924-00268073 the movement as well as separate
54Hx_noZi-Y-01151-00268074-00268310 statistics for the disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01152-00268311-00268589 and the Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01153-00268590-00268814 the disciples were by far the larger of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01154-00268815-00269002 the two groups at the time
54Hx_noZi-Y-01155-00269003-00269237 generally speaking the disciples of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01156-00269238-00269420 Christ congregations tended to be
54Hx_noZi-Y-01157-00269421-00269606 predominantly urban in northern while
54Hx_noZi-Y-01158-00269607-00269729 the Churches of Christ were
54Hx_noZi-Y-01159-00269730-00269972 predominantly rural in southern the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01160-00269973-00270128 disciples favored college-educated
54Hx_noZi-Y-01161-00270129-00270323 clergy while the Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01162-00270324-00270545 discouraged formal theological education
54Hx_noZi-Y-01163-00270546-00270767 because they opposed the creation of a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01164-00270768-00271010 professional clergy disciples
54Hx_noZi-Y-01165-00271011-00271226 congregations tended to be wealthier and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01166-00271227-00271451 constructed larger more expensive church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01167-00271452-00271657 buildings Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01168-00271658-00271859 congregations built more modest
54Hx_noZi-Y-01169-00271860-00272066 structures and criticized the wearing of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01170-00272067-00272312 expensive clothing at worship one
54Hx_noZi-Y-01171-00272313-00272531 commentator has described the disciples
54Hx_noZi-Y-01172-00272532-00272906 ideal as reflecting the businessman and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01173-00272907-00273278 the Church of Christ ideal as reflecting
54Hx_noZi-Y-01174-00273279-00273553 the simple and austere yeoman farmer
54Hx_noZi-Y-01175-00273554-00273794 Churches of Christ have maintained an
54Hx_noZi-Y-01176-00273795-00273941 ongoing commitment to purely
54Hx_noZi-Y-01177-00273942-00274130 congregational structure rather than a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01178-00274131-00274328 denominational one and have no central
54Hx_noZi-Y-01179-00274329-00274511 headquarters councils or other
54Hx_noZi-Y-01180-00274512-00274712 organizational structure above the local
54Hx_noZi-Y-01181-00274713-00274994 church level the disciples developed in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01182-00274995-00275216 a different direction after a number of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01183-00275217-00275438 discussions throughout the 1950s the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01184-00275439-00275669 1960 International Convention of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01185-00275670-00275893 Christian churches adopted a process to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01186-00275894-00276230 restructure the entire organization the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01187-00276231-00276428 disciples restructured in a way that has
54Hx_noZi-Y-01188-00276429-00276680 been described as in overt recognition
54Hx_noZi-Y-01189-00276681-00276931 of the body's denominational status
54Hx_noZi-Y-01190-00276932-00277163 resulting in what has been described as
54Hx_noZi-Y-01191-00277164-00277397 a reformed North American mainstream
54Hx_noZi-Y-01192-00277398-00277685 moderate denomination after the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01193-00277686-00277841 separation from the Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01194-00277842-00278084 tensions remained among the disciples of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01195-00278085-00278303 Christ over theological liberalism the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01196-00278304-00278531 nascent ecumenical movement and open
54Hx_noZi-Y-01197-00278532-00278792 membership while the process was lengthy
54Hx_noZi-Y-01198-00278793-00278951 the more conservative unaffiliated
54Hx_noZi-Y-01199-00278952-00279137 Christian Church Church of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01200-00279138-00279353 congregations eventually emerged as a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01201-00279354-00279578 separately identifiable religious body
54Hx_noZi-Y-01202-00279579-00279767 from the Christian Church disciples of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01203-00279768-00280013 Christ some commentators believe
54Hx_noZi-Y-01204-00280014-00280154 divisions in the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-01205-00280155-00280310 have resulted from the tension between
54Hx_noZi-Y-01206-00280311-00280538 the goals of restoration and Akuma is 'm
54Hx_noZi-Y-01207-00280539-00280715 and c the churches of Christ and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01208-00280716-00280922 unaffiliated Christian Church Church of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01209-00280923-00281108 Christ congregations resolving the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01210-00281109-00281303 tension by stressing restoration while
54Hx_noZi-Y-01211-00281304-00281492 the Christian Church disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01212-00281493-00281702 resolve the tension by stressing acumen
54Hx_noZi-Y-01213-00281703-00281936 ISM all of the three major u.s. branches
54Hx_noZi-Y-01214-00281937-00282056 of the movement share the following
54Hx_noZi-Y-01215-00282057-00282305 characteristics a high view compared to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01216-00282306-00282494 other Christian traditions of the office
54Hx_noZi-Y-01217-00282495-00282674 of the elder in a commitment to the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01218-00282675-00282854 priesthood of all believers the term
54Hx_noZi-Y-01219-00282855-00283028 restoration movement has remained
54Hx_noZi-Y-01220-00283029-00283238 popular among the Churches of Christ in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01221-00283239-00283430 the unaffiliated Christian Church Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01222-00283431-00283697 of Christ congregations because of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01223-00283698-00283856 emphasis it places on the theme of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01224-00283857-00284027 restoration it has been a less
54Hx_noZi-Y-01225-00284028-00284198 comfortable fit for those whose primary
54Hx_noZi-Y-01226-00284199-00284437 focus has been on the theme of unity
54Hx_noZi-Y-01227-00284438-00284678 historically the term disciples of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01228-00284679-00284888 Christ has also been used by some as a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01229-00284889-00285074 collective designation for the movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-01230-00285075-00285320 it has evolved however into a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01231-00285321-00285533 designation for a particular branch of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01232-00285534-00285677 the movement the Christian Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01233-00285678-00285899 disciples of Christ as a result of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01234-00285900-00286085 divisions of the late 19th and early
54Hx_noZi-Y-01235-00286086-00286295 20th centuries the movement as a whole
54Hx_noZi-Y-01236-00286296-00286502 grew significantly over the course of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01237-00286503-00286706 the 20th century and the relative size
54Hx_noZi-Y-01238-00286707-00286898 of the different groups associated with
54Hx_noZi-Y-01239-00286899-00287150 the movement shifted as well topic
54Hx_noZi-Y-01240-00287151-00287342 subsequent development of the Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01241-00287343-00287600 churches following the 1906 separation
54Hx_noZi-Y-01242-00287601-00287804 of the Churches of Christ controversy
54Hx_noZi-Y-01243-00287805-00287996 still existed within the movement over
54Hx_noZi-Y-01244-00287997-00288146 whether the missionary efforts should be
54Hx_noZi-Y-01245-00288147-00288350 cooperative or independently sponsored
54Hx_noZi-Y-01246-00288351-00288650 by congregations questions on the role
54Hx_noZi-Y-01247-00288651-00288857 of the methods of biblical criticism to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01248-00288858-00289025 the study and interpretation of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01249-00289026-00289208 Bible were also among the issues in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01250-00289209-00289475 conflict an awareness of historical
54Hx_noZi-Y-01251-00289476-00289727 criticism began developing in the 1880s
54Hx_noZi-Y-01252-00289728-00290009 and by the 1920s many disciples accepted
54Hx_noZi-Y-01253-00290010-00290249 the work of the higher critics by that
54Hx_noZi-Y-01254-00290250-00290459 time the question of open membership or
54Hx_noZi-Y-01255-00290460-00290648 admission of the pious on immersed to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01256-00290649-00290834 membership had arisen as an additional
54Hx_noZi-Y-01257-00290835-00291026 source of tension during the first half
54Hx_noZi-Y-01258-00291027-00291215 of the 20th century the opposing
54Hx_noZi-Y-01259-00291216-00291371 factions among the Christian churches
54Hx_noZi-Y-01260-00291372-00291680 coexisted but with discomfort the three
54Hx_noZi-Y-01261-00291681-00291869 missionary societies were merged into
54Hx_noZi-Y-01262-00291870-00292088 the United Christian missionary society
54Hx_noZi-Y-01263-00292089-00292433 in 1920 human service Ministries grew
54Hx_noZi-Y-01264-00292434-00292565 through the National benevolent
54Hx_noZi-Y-01265-00292566-00292763 association providing assistance to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01266-00292764-00293051 orphans the elderly and the disabled by
54Hx_noZi-Y-01267-00293052-00293267 mid-century the co-operative Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01268-00293268-00293444 churches and the independent Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01269-00293445-00293539 churches were follow
54Hx_noZi-Y-01270-00293540-00293928 different paths by 1926 a split began to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01271-00293929-00294088 form within the disciples over the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01272-00294089-00294291 future direction of the church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01273-00294292-00294520 conservatives within the group began to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01274-00294521-00294660 have problems with the perceived
54Hx_noZi-Y-01275-00294661-00294858 liberalism of the leadership upon the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01276-00294859-00295045 same grounds described earlier in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01277-00295046-00295222 accepting of instrumental music in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01278-00295223-00295551 worship in 1927 they held the first
54Hx_noZi-Y-01279-00295552-00295762 North American Christian Convention and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01280-00295763-00295963 the unaffiliated Christian Church Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01281-00295964-00296178 of Christ congregations began to emerge
54Hx_noZi-Y-01282-00296179-00296376 as a distinct group from the disciples
54Hx_noZi-Y-01283-00296377-00296529 although the break was not totally
54Hx_noZi-Y-01284-00296530-00296851 formalized until the late 1960s by this
54Hx_noZi-Y-01285-00296852-00297076 time the decennial religious census was
54Hx_noZi-Y-01286-00297077-00297276 a thing of the past and it is impossible
54Hx_noZi-Y-01287-00297277-00297477 to use it as a delineation as it was in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01288-00297478-00297801 1906 following World War two
54Hx_noZi-Y-01289-00297802-00297978 it was believed that the organizations
54Hx_noZi-Y-01290-00297979-00298138 that had been developed in previous
54Hx_noZi-Y-01291-00298139-00298335 decades no longer effectively met the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01292-00298336-00298612 needs of the post-war era after a number
54Hx_noZi-Y-01293-00298613-00298833 discussions throughout the 1950s the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01294-00298834-00299068 1960 International Convention of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01295-00299069-00299293 Christian churches adopted a process to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01296-00299294-00299451 plan the restructure of the entire
54Hx_noZi-Y-01297-00299452-00299682 organization the Commission on
54Hx_noZi-Y-01298-00299683-00299875 restructure chaired by Granville T
54Hx_noZi-Y-01299-00299876-00300051 Walker held its first meeting October
54Hx_noZi-Y-01300-00300052-00300585 30th and November 1st 1962 in 1968 at
54Hx_noZi-Y-01301-00300586-00300748 the International Convention of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01302-00300749-00300954 Christian churches disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01303-00300955-00301147 those Christian churches that favored
54Hx_noZi-Y-01304-00301148-00301353 cooperative mission work adopted a new
54Hx_noZi-Y-01305-00301354-00301605 provisional design for their work
54Hx_noZi-Y-01306-00301606-00301795 together becoming the Christian Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01307-00301796-00302106 disciples of Christ those congregations
54Hx_noZi-Y-01308-00302107-00302307 that chose not to be associated with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01309-00302308-00302515 new denominational organization went
54Hx_noZi-Y-01310-00302516-00302647 their own way as the unaffiliated
54Hx_noZi-Y-01311-00302648-00302835 Christian Church Church of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01312-00302836-00303070 congregations completing a separation
54Hx_noZi-Y-01313-00303071-00303250 that had begun decades before the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01314-00303251-00303435 disciples of Christ still have their own
54Hx_noZi-Y-01315-00303436-00303710 internal conservative liberal tension in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01316-00303711-00303957 1985 a movement of conservative
54Hx_noZi-Y-01317-00303958-00304168 congregations and individuals among the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01318-00304169-00304410 disciples formed the disciple renewal
54Hx_noZi-Y-01319-00304411-00304584 they thought that others in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01320-00304585-00304779 disciples fellowship had increasingly
54Hx_noZi-Y-01321-00304780-00304963 liberal views on issues such as the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01322-00304964-00305176 lordship of Christ the authority of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01323-00305177-00305490 Bible and tolerance of homosexuality in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01324-00305491-00305764 1985 the disciples General Assembly
54Hx_noZi-Y-01325-00305765-00305985 rejected a resolution on the inspiration
54Hx_noZi-Y-01326-00305986-00306180 of Scripture afterward the disciple
54Hx_noZi-Y-01327-00306181-00306360 renewal plan to encourage renewal from
54Hx_noZi-Y-01328-00306361-00306528 within the fellowship through founding a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01329-00306529-00306747 journal entitled disciple renewal
54Hx_noZi-Y-01330-00306748-00306925 conservative members work
54Hx_noZi-Y-01331-00306926-00307060 concerned that the disciples had
54Hx_noZi-Y-01332-00307061-00307252 abandoned the fundamental principles of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01333-00307253-00307507 the restoration movement in 1995 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01334-00307508-00307672 disciple heritage fellowship was
54Hx_noZi-Y-01335-00307673-00307918 established it is a fellowship of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01336-00307919-00308143 autonomous congregations about half of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01337-00308144-00308329 which are formerly associated with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01338-00308330-00308662 disciples of Christ as of 2002 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01339-00308663-00308875 disciples heritage fellowship included
54Hx_noZi-Y-01340-00308876-00309171 60 congregations and 100 supporting
54Hx_noZi-Y-01341-00309172-00309606 churches
54Hx_noZi-Y-01342-00309607-00309846 topic restructuring and development of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01343-00309847-00310365 the Christian Church disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01344-00310366-00310698 in 1968 the International Convention of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01345-00310699-00310904 Christian churches disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01346-00310905-00311083 adopted the Commission's proposed
54Hx_noZi-Y-01347-00311084-00311313 provisional design of the Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01348-00311314-00311571 Church disciples of Christ the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01349-00311572-00311868 restructuring was implemented in 1969 by
54Hx_noZi-Y-01350-00311869-00312059 the first General Assembly and the name
54Hx_noZi-Y-01351-00312060-00312270 officially changed to the Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01352-00312271-00312557 Church disciples of Christ this
54Hx_noZi-Y-01353-00312558-00312755 restructuring has been described as in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01354-00312756-00312977 overt recognition of the body's
54Hx_noZi-Y-01355-00312978-00313263 denominational status and the modern
54Hx_noZi-Y-01356-00313264-00313437 disciples have been described as a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01357-00313438-00313647 reformed North American mainstream
54Hx_noZi-Y-01358-00313648-00314136 moderate denomination
54Hx_noZi-Y-01359-00314137-00314657 topic membership trends
54Hx_noZi-Y-01360-00314658-00314906 the Christian Church disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01361-00314907-00315120 has experienced a significant loss of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01362-00315121-00315308 membership since the middle of the 20th
54Hx_noZi-Y-01363-00315309-00315650 century membership peaked in 1958 at
54Hx_noZi-Y-01364-00315651-00315995 just under 2 million in 1993 membership
54Hx_noZi-Y-01365-00315996-00316298 dropped below 1 million in 2009 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01366-00316299-00316512 denomination reported six hundred fifty
54Hx_noZi-Y-01367-00316513-00316697 eight thousand eight hundred sixty nine
54Hx_noZi-Y-01368-00316698-00317222 members in 3691 congregations as of 2010
54Hx_noZi-Y-01369-00317223-00317360 the five states with the highest
54Hx_noZi-Y-01370-00317361-00317600 adherence rates were Kansas Missouri
54Hx_noZi-Y-01371-00317601-00317870 Iowa Kentucky and Oklahoma the states
54Hx_noZi-Y-01372-00317871-00318042 with the largest absolute number of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01373-00318043-00318291 adherents were Missouri Texas Indiana
54Hx_noZi-Y-01374-00318292-00318735 Kentucky in Ohio
54Hx_noZi-Y-01375-00318736-00319011 topic subsequent development of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01376-00319012-00319518 unaffiliated congregations
54Hx_noZi-Y-01377-00319519-00319734 independent Christian churches and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01378-00319735-00319875 Churches of Christ have both
54Hx_noZi-Y-01379-00319876-00320049 organizational and hermeneutic
54Hx_noZi-Y-01380-00320050-00320225 differences with the Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01381-00320226-00320472 for example they have a loosely
54Hx_noZi-Y-01382-00320473-00320644 organized convention and they view
54Hx_noZi-Y-01383-00320645-00320820 scriptural silence on an issue more
54Hx_noZi-Y-01384-00320821-00321081 permissively nonetheless they are much
54Hx_noZi-Y-01385-00321082-00321282 more closely related to the Churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01386-00321283-00321435 Christ in their theology and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01387-00321436-00321603 ecclesiology than they are with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01388-00321604-00321819 Christian Church disciples of Christ the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01389-00321820-00321948 development of the unaffiliated
54Hx_noZi-Y-01390-00321949-00322131 Christian Church Church of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01391-00322132-00322299 congregations as a separately
54Hx_noZi-Y-01392-00322300-00322516 identifiable religious body from the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01393-00322517-00322731 Christian Church disciples of Christ doc
54Hx_noZi-Y-01394-00322732-00323010 was a lengthy process the roots of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01395-00323011-00323157 separation can be found in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01396-00323158-00323362 polarization resulting from three major
54Hx_noZi-Y-01397-00323363-00323550 controversies that arose during the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01398-00323551-00323839 early 20th century one which was a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01399-00323840-00324024 source of division in other religious
54Hx_noZi-Y-01400-00324025-00324190 groups was the theological development
54Hx_noZi-Y-01401-00324191-00324541 of modernism and liberalism quote the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01402-00324542-00324715 early stages of the ecumenical movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-01403-00324716-00324994 which led in 1908 to the Federal Council
54Hx_noZi-Y-01404-00324995-00325221 of Churches provide a second source of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01405-00325222-00325485 controversy the third was the practice
54Hx_noZi-Y-01406-00325486-00325695 of open membership in which individuals
54Hx_noZi-Y-01407-00325696-00325845 who had not been baptized by immersion
54Hx_noZi-Y-01408-00325846-00326049 were granted full membership in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01409-00326050-00326304 church those who supported one of these
54Hx_noZi-Y-01410-00326305-00326484 points of view tended to support the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01411-00326485-00326682 others as well the disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01412-00326683-00326970 were in 1910 a United growing community
54Hx_noZi-Y-01413-00326971-00327268 with common goals support by the United
54Hx_noZi-Y-01414-00327269-00327442 Christian missionary society of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01415-00327443-00327618 missionaries who advocated open
54Hx_noZi-Y-01416-00327619-00327810 membership became a source of contention
54Hx_noZi-Y-01417-00327811-00328155 in 1920 efforts to recall support for
54Hx_noZi-Y-01418-00328156-00328387 these missionaries failed in a 1925
54Hx_noZi-Y-01419-00328388-00328690 convention in Oklahoma City in a 1926
54Hx_noZi-Y-01420-00328691-00328956 convention in Memphis Tennessee many
54Hx_noZi-Y-01421-00328957-00329121 congregations withdrew from the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01422-00329122-00329343 Missionary Society as a result a new
54Hx_noZi-Y-01423-00329344-00329550 convention the North American Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01424-00329551-00329737 convention was organized by the more
54Hx_noZi-Y-01425-00329738-00330042 conservative congregations in 1927 an
54Hx_noZi-Y-01426-00330043-00330255 existing Brotherhood journal the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01427-00330256-00330447 Christian standard also served as a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01428-00330448-00330582 source of cohesion for these
54Hx_noZi-Y-01429-00330583-00330916 congregations from the 1960s on newer
54Hx_noZi-Y-01430-00330917-00331146 unaffiliated missionary organizations
54Hx_noZi-Y-01431-00331147-00331335 like the Christian missionary fellowship
54Hx_noZi-Y-01432-00331336-00331543 today Christian missionary fellowship
54Hx_noZi-Y-01433-00331544-00331707 International were working more on a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01434-00331708-00331923 national scale in the United States to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01435-00331924-00332100 rally Christian Church Church of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01436-00332101-00332314 congregations in international missions
54Hx_noZi-Y-01437-00332315-00332529 by this time the division between
54Hx_noZi-Y-01438-00332530-00332737 liberals and conservatives was well
54Hx_noZi-Y-01439-00332738-00332905 established the official set
54Hx_noZi-Y-01440-00332906-00333100 between the independent Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01441-00333101-00333292 churches and Churches of Christ and the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01442-00333293-00333496 Christian Church disciples of Christ is
54Hx_noZi-Y-01443-00333497-00333810 difficult to date suggestions range from
54Hx_noZi-Y-01444-00333811-00334063 1926 to 1971
54Hx_noZi-Y-01445-00334064-00334423 based on the events outlined below 1926
54Hx_noZi-Y-01446-00334424-00334618 the first North American Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01447-00334619-00334987 convention NACC in 1927 was the result
54Hx_noZi-Y-01448-00334988-00335173 of disillusionment at the dock Memphis
54Hx_noZi-Y-01449-00335174-00335587 convention 1944 international convention
54Hx_noZi-Y-01450-00335588-00335773 of disciples Alexis president of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01451-00335774-00336139 proponent of open membership 1948 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01452-00336140-00336316 commission on reefs tuddy appointed to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01453-00336317-00336706 help avoid a split disbands 1955 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01454-00336707-00336871 directory of the ministry was first
54Hx_noZi-Y-01455-00336872-00337114 published listing only the independence
54Hx_noZi-Y-01456-00337115-00337579 on a voluntary basis 1968 final
54Hx_noZi-Y-01457-00337580-00337756 redaction of the disciples yearbook
54Hx_noZi-Y-01458-00337757-00338119 removing independent churches 1971
54Hx_noZi-Y-01459-00338120-00338329 independent churches listed separately
54Hx_noZi-Y-01460-00338330-00338530 in the yearbook of American churches
54Hx_noZi-Y-01461-00338531-00338704 because of this separation many
54Hx_noZi-Y-01462-00338705-00338884 independent Christian churches and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01463-00338885-00339039 Churches of Christ are not only
54Hx_noZi-Y-01464-00339040-00339223 nondenominational they can be anti
54Hx_noZi-Y-01465-00339224-00339397 denominational avoiding even the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01466-00339398-00339589 appearance or language associated with
54Hx_noZi-Y-01467-00339590-00339790 denominationalism holding true to their
54Hx_noZi-Y-01468-00339791-00340188 restoration roots
54Hx_noZi-Y-01469-00340189-00340458 topic subsequent development of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01470-00340459-00340904 Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01471-00340905-00341165 one of the issues leading to the 1906
54Hx_noZi-Y-01472-00341166-00341333 separation was the question of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01473-00341334-00341516 organizational structures above the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01474-00341517-00341783 level of the local congregation since
54Hx_noZi-Y-01475-00341784-00341990 then Churches of Christ have maintained
54Hx_noZi-Y-01476-00341991-00342134 an ongoing commitment to church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01477-00342135-00342335 governance that is congregational only
54Hx_noZi-Y-01478-00342336-00342608 rather than denominational churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01479-00342609-00342797 Christ purposefully have no central
54Hx_noZi-Y-01480-00342798-00342980 headquarters councils or other
54Hx_noZi-Y-01481-00342981-00343184 organizational structure above the local
54Hx_noZi-Y-01482-00343185-00343463 church level rather the independent
54Hx_noZi-Y-01483-00343464-00343637 congregations are a network with each
54Hx_noZi-Y-01484-00343638-00343853 congregation participating at its own
54Hx_noZi-Y-01485-00343854-00344060 discretion in various means of service
54Hx_noZi-Y-01486-00344061-00344228 and fellowship with other congregations
54Hx_noZi-Y-01487-00344229-00344512 see sponsoring church Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01488-00344513-00344732 Churches of Christ are linked by their
54Hx_noZi-Y-01489-00344733-00344873 shared commitment to restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-01490-00344874-00345101 principles since Churches of Christ are
54Hx_noZi-Y-01491-00345102-00345284 autonomous and purposefully do not
54Hx_noZi-Y-01492-00345285-00345524 maintain an ecclesiastical hierarchy or
54Hx_noZi-Y-01493-00345525-00345737 doctrinal Council it is not unusual to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01494-00345738-00345950 find variations from congregation to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01495-00345951-00346184 congregation there are many notable
54Hx_noZi-Y-01496-00346185-00346436 consistencies however for example very
54Hx_noZi-Y-01497-00346437-00346646 few Church of Christ buildings display
54Hx_noZi-Y-01498-00346647-00346829 across a practice common in other
54Hx_noZi-Y-01499-00346830-00347123 Christian churches the approach taken to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01500-00347124-00347303 restoring the New Testament church has
54Hx_noZi-Y-01501-00347304-00347615 focused on methods and procedures such
54Hx_noZi-Y-01502-00347616-00347816 as church organization the form of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01503-00347817-00347957 worship and how the church should
54Hx_noZi-Y-01504-00347958-00348239 function as a result most divisions
54Hx_noZi-Y-01505-00348240-00348407 among Churches of Christ have been the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01506-00348408-00348758 result of methodological disputes these
54Hx_noZi-Y-01507-00348759-00348902 are meaningful to members of this
54Hx_noZi-Y-01508-00348903-00349070 movement because of the seriousness with
54Hx_noZi-Y-01509-00349071-00349250 which they take the goal of restoring
54Hx_noZi-Y-01510-00349251-00349487 the form and structure of the primitive
54Hx_noZi-Y-01511-00349488-00349703 Church three quarters of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01512-00349704-00349883 congregations and eighty-seven percent
54Hx_noZi-Y-01513-00349884-00350072 of the membership are described by the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01514-00350073-00350264 encyclopedia of the Stone Campbell
54Hx_noZi-Y-01515-00350265-00350531 movement as mainstream sharing a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01516-00350532-00350792 consensus on practice and theology the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01517-00350793-00350981 remaining congregations may be grouped
54Hx_noZi-Y-01518-00350982-00351188 into four categories which generally
54Hx_noZi-Y-01519-00351189-00351383 differ from the mainstream consensus in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01520-00351384-00351566 specific practices rather than in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01521-00351567-00351758 theological perspectives and tend to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01522-00351759-00351953 have smaller congregations on average
54Hx_noZi-Y-01523-00351954-00352160 the largest of these four categories is
54Hx_noZi-Y-01524-00352161-00352460 the non institutional Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01525-00352461-00352699 this group is notable for opposing
54Hx_noZi-Y-01526-00352700-00352868 congregational support of institutions
54Hx_noZi-Y-01527-00352869-00353218 such as orphans homes and Bible colleges
54Hx_noZi-Y-01528-00353219-00353573 approximately 2055 congregations fall in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01529-00353574-00353783 this category the remaining three groups
54Hx_noZi-Y-01530-00353784-00353963 whose congregations are generally
54Hx_noZi-Y-01531-00353964-00354140 considerably smaller than those of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01532-00354141-00354274 mainstream or
54Hx_noZi-Y-01533-00354275-00354548 non-institutional groups also oppose
54Hx_noZi-Y-01534-00354549-00354740 institutional support but differ from
54Hx_noZi-Y-01535-00354741-00355049 that non institutional group by other
54Hx_noZi-Y-01536-00355050-00355195 beliefs and practices
54Hx_noZi-Y-01537-00355196-00355561 one group opposes separate Sunday school
54Hx_noZi-Y-01538-00355562-00355793 classes this group consists of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01539-00355794-00356116 approximately 1,100 congregations
54Hx_noZi-Y-01540-00356117-00356360 another group opposes the use of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01541-00356361-00356624 multiple communion cups the term one cup
54Hx_noZi-Y-01542-00356625-00356924 per is often used sometimes pejoratively
54Hx_noZi-Y-01543-00356925-00357071 to describe this group there are
54Hx_noZi-Y-01544-00357072-00357359 approximately 550 congregations in this
54Hx_noZi-Y-01545-00357360-00357554 group and this group overlaps somewhat
54Hx_noZi-Y-01546-00357555-00357722 with those congregations that oppose
54Hx_noZi-Y-01547-00357723-00358034 separate Sunday school classes the last
54Hx_noZi-Y-01548-00358035-00358355 and smallest group emphasize s mutual
54Hx_noZi-Y-01549-00358356-00358592 edification by various leaders in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01550-00358593-00358868 churches and opposed s one person doing
54Hx_noZi-Y-01551-00358869-00359132 most of the preaching this group
54Hx_noZi-Y-01552-00359133-00359423 includes roughly 130 congregations while
54Hx_noZi-Y-01553-00359424-00359546 there are no official membership
54Hx_noZi-Y-01554-00359547-00359711 statistics for the Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01555-00359712-00359930 growth appears to have been relatively
54Hx_noZi-Y-01556-00359931-00360197 steady through the 20th century one
54Hx_noZi-Y-01557-00360198-00360434 source estimates total u.s. membership
54Hx_noZi-Y-01558-00360435-00360620 at four hundred thirty three thousand
54Hx_noZi-Y-01559-00360621-00360797 seven hundred fourteen and nineteen
54Hx_noZi-Y-01560-00360798-00360980 twenty six five hundred fifty-eight
54Hx_noZi-Y-01561-00360981-00361274 thousand in 1936 six hundred eighty two
54Hx_noZi-Y-01562-00361275-00361553 thousand in 1946 eight hundred thirty
54Hx_noZi-Y-01563-00361554-00362003 five thousand in 1965 and 1,250,000 in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01564-00362004-00362379 1994
54Hx_noZi-Y-01565-00362380-00362676 topic separation of the International
54Hx_noZi-Y-01566-00362677-00363089 Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01567-00363090-00363292 the International Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01568-00363293-00363610 ICOC had their roots in a discipline
54Hx_noZi-Y-01569-00363611-00363845 movement that arose among the mainline
54Hx_noZi-Y-01570-00363846-00364177 Churches of Christ during the 1970s this
54Hx_noZi-Y-01571-00364178-00364357 discipline movement developed in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01572-00364358-00364678 campus ministry of Chuck Lucas in 1967
54Hx_noZi-Y-01573-00364679-00364895 Chuck Lucas was minister of the 14th
54Hx_noZi-Y-01574-00364896-00365083 Street Church of Christ in Gainesville
54Hx_noZi-Y-01575-00365084-00365288 Florida later renamed the Crossroads
54Hx_noZi-Y-01576-00365289-00365567 Church of Christ that year he started a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01577-00365568-00365762 new project known as campus advanced
54Hx_noZi-Y-01578-00365763-00365953 based on principles borrowed from the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01579-00365954-00366122 Campus Crusade and the shepherding
54Hx_noZi-Y-01580-00366123-00366376 movement centered on the University of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01581-00366377-00366580 Florida the program called for a strong
54Hx_noZi-Y-01582-00366581-00366776 evangelistic outreach in an intimate
54Hx_noZi-Y-01583-00366777-00366995 religious atmosphere in the form of soul
54Hx_noZi-Y-01584-00366996-00367268 talks and prayer partners soul talks
54Hx_noZi-Y-01585-00367269-00367459 were held in student residences and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01586-00367460-00367654 involved prayer and sharing overseen by
54Hx_noZi-Y-01587-00367655-00367865 a leader who delegated authority over
54Hx_noZi-Y-01588-00367866-00368128 group members prayer partners referred
54Hx_noZi-Y-01589-00368129-00368276 to the practice of pairing a new
54Hx_noZi-Y-01590-00368277-00368428 Christian with an older guide for
54Hx_noZi-Y-01591-00368429-00368683 personal assistance and direction both
54Hx_noZi-Y-01592-00368684-00368959 procedures led to in-depth involvement
54Hx_noZi-Y-01593-00368960-00369157 of each member in one another's lives
54Hx_noZi-Y-01594-00369158-00369457 and critics accused Lucas of fostering
54Hx_noZi-Y-01595-00369458-00369655 cultism the crossroads movement later
54Hx_noZi-Y-01596-00369656-00369808 spread into some other Churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01597-00369809-00370102 Christ one of Lucas's converts Kip
54Hx_noZi-Y-01598-00370103-00370415 McKean moved to the Boston area in 1979
54Hx_noZi-Y-01599-00370416-00370585 and began working with the Lexington
54Hx_noZi-Y-01600-00370586-00370838 Church of Christ he asked them to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01601-00370839-00371103 redefine their commitment to Christ and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01602-00371104-00371315 introduced the use of discipline
54Hx_noZi-Y-01603-00371316-00371543 partners the congregation grew rapidly
54Hx_noZi-Y-01604-00371544-00371755 and was renamed the Boston Church of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01605-00371756-00372095 Christ in the early 1980s the focus of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01606-00372096-00372226 the movement moved to Boston
54Hx_noZi-Y-01607-00372227-00372433 Massachusetts where Kip McKean and the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01608-00372434-00372596 Boston Church of Christ became
54Hx_noZi-Y-01609-00372597-00372788 prominently associated with the trend
54Hx_noZi-Y-01610-00372789-00373060 with the national leadership located in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01611-00373061-00373289 Boston during the 1980s it commonly
54Hx_noZi-Y-01612-00373290-00373576 became known as the Boston movement in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01613-00373577-00373820 1990 the Crossroads Church of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01614-00373821-00373994 broke with the Boston movement and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01615-00373995-00374107 through a letter written to the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01616-00374108-00374305 Christian Chronicle attempted to restore
54Hx_noZi-Y-01617-00374306-00374495 relations with the mainline churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01618-00374496-00374806 Christ by the early 1990s some first
54Hx_noZi-Y-01619-00374807-00374966 generation leaders had become
54Hx_noZi-Y-01620-00374967-00375149 disillusioned by the movement and left
54Hx_noZi-Y-01621-00375150-00375430 the movement was first recognized as an
54Hx_noZi-Y-01622-00375431-00375727 independent religious group in 1992 when
54Hx_noZi-Y-01623-00375728-00375947 John Vaughn a church growth specialist
54Hx_noZi-Y-01624-00375948-00376172 at Fuller Theological Seminary listed
54Hx_noZi-Y-01625-00376173-00376472 them as a separate entity Time magazine
54Hx_noZi-Y-01626-00376473-00376667 a full-page story on the movement in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01627-00376668-00376904 1992 calling them one of the world's
54Hx_noZi-Y-01628-00376905-00377090 fastest-growing and most innovative
54Hx_noZi-Y-01629-00377091-00377279 bands of bible-thumpers that had grown
54Hx_noZi-Y-01630-00377280-00377495 into a global Empire of 103
54Hx_noZi-Y-01631-00377496-00377717 congregations from California to Cairo
54Hx_noZi-Y-01632-00377718-00377984 with total Sunday attendance of 50,000 a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01633-00377985-00378160 formal break was made from the mainline
54Hx_noZi-Y-01634-00378161-00378413 Churches of Christ in 1993 when the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01635-00378414-00378592 movement organized under the name
54Hx_noZi-Y-01636-00378593-00378884 International Churches of Christ this
54Hx_noZi-Y-01637-00378885-00379112 new designation formalized a division
54Hx_noZi-Y-01638-00379113-00379304 that was already in existence between
54Hx_noZi-Y-01639-00379305-00379457 those involved with the Crossroads
54Hx_noZi-Y-01640-00379458-00379775 Boston movement and mainline churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01641-00379776-00379982 Christ other names that have been used
54Hx_noZi-Y-01642-00379983-00380216 for this movement include the crossroads
54Hx_noZi-Y-01643-00380217-00380591 movement multiplying ministries and the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01644-00380592-00380890 discipling movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-01645-00380891-00381071 you
54Hx_noZi-Y-01646-00381072-00381623 topic reunion efforts
54Hx_noZi-Y-01647-00381624-00381833 efforts have been made to restore unity
54Hx_noZi-Y-01648-00381834-00382010 among the various branches of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01649-00382011-00382327 restoration movement in 1984 a'
54Hx_noZi-Y-01650-00382328-00382631 restoration summit was held at the ozark
54Hx_noZi-Y-01651-00382632-00382784 christian college with fifty
54Hx_noZi-Y-01652-00382785-00382964 representatives of both the Churches of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01653-00382965-00383174 Christ and the unaffiliated Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01654-00383175-00383371 Church Church of Christ congregations
54Hx_noZi-Y-01655-00383372-00383639 later meetings were open to all and were
54Hx_noZi-Y-01656-00383640-00383974 known as restoration forums beginning in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01657-00383975-00384185 1986 they have been held annually
54Hx_noZi-Y-01658-00384186-00384419 generally in October or November with
54Hx_noZi-Y-01659-00384420-00384578 the hosting venue alternating between
54Hx_noZi-Y-01660-00384579-00384776 the Churches of Christ and the Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01661-00384777-00385058 churches and Churches of Christ topics
54Hx_noZi-Y-01662-00385059-00385250 discussed have included issues such as
54Hx_noZi-Y-01663-00385251-00385451 instrumental music the nature of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01664-00385452-00385658 church and practical steps for promoting
54Hx_noZi-Y-01665-00385659-00385895 unity efforts have been made in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01666-00385896-00386099 early 21st century to include
54Hx_noZi-Y-01667-00386100-00386282 representatives of the Christian Church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01668-00386283-00386417 disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01669-00386418-00386675 these efforts followed the stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-01670-00386676-00386960 Campbell dialogue which was a series of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01671-00386961-00387227 meetings beginning in 1999 that included
54Hx_noZi-Y-01672-00387228-00387443 representatives of all three major u.s.
54Hx_noZi-Y-01673-00387444-00387713 branches of the restoration movement the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01674-00387714-00388004 first full meeting in 1999 included six
54Hx_noZi-Y-01675-00388005-00388184 representatives from each of the three
54Hx_noZi-Y-01676-00388185-00388430 traditions meetings were held twice
54Hx_noZi-Y-01677-00388431-00388682 annually and in 2001 were expanded to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01678-00388683-00388868 include anyone associated with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01679-00388869-00389033 restoration movement who was interested
54Hx_noZi-Y-01680-00389034-00389342 in attending also special efforts were
54Hx_noZi-Y-01681-00389343-00389615 made in 2006 to create more intentional
54Hx_noZi-Y-01682-00389616-00389789 fellowship between the various branches
54Hx_noZi-Y-01683-00389790-00390017 of the movement this was in conjunction
54Hx_noZi-Y-01684-00390018-00390235 with the 100th anniversary of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01685-00390236-00390518 official recognition of the split
54Hx_noZi-Y-01686-00390519-00390668 between the Christian Church and the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01687-00390669-00390881 Churches of Christ by the US Census in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01688-00390882-00391256 1906 one example of this was the hosting
54Hx_noZi-Y-01689-00391257-00391541 by Abilene Christian University a CU of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01690-00391542-00391766 the annual restoration unity forum for
54Hx_noZi-Y-01691-00391767-00392009 2006 as part of the university's annual
54Hx_noZi-Y-01692-00392010-00392318 bible lectureship during the program don
54Hx_noZi-Y-01693-00392319-00392558 jeans president of Milligan college and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01694-00392559-00392816 Royce Money president of ACU jointly
54Hx_noZi-Y-01695-00392817-00393002 gave a presentation on the first chapter
54Hx_noZi-Y-01696-00393003-00393425 of the Gospel of John
54Hx_noZi-Y-01697-00393426-00393934 topic timeline
54Hx_noZi-Y-01698-00393935-00394566 topic churches outside North America
54Hx_noZi-Y-01699-00394567-00394789 restoration movement churches are found
54Hx_noZi-Y-01700-00394790-00394915 around the world and the world
54Hx_noZi-Y-01701-00394916-00395053 convention of Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01702-00395054-00395380 provides many national profiles their
54Hx_noZi-Y-01703-00395381-00395572 genealogies are representative of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01704-00395573-00395779 developments in North America their
54Hx_noZi-Y-01705-00395780-00395995 theological orientation ranges from
54Hx_noZi-Y-01706-00395996-00396214 fundamentalist to liberal to ecumenical
54Hx_noZi-Y-01707-00396215-00396418 in some places they have joined with
54Hx_noZi-Y-01708-00396419-00396610 churches of other traditions to form
54Hx_noZi-Y-01709-00396611-00396823 United churches at local regional or
54Hx_noZi-Y-01710-00396824-00397178 national level
54Hx_noZi-Y-01711-00397179-00397649 topic Africa
54Hx_noZi-Y-01712-00397650-00397871 there are believed to be 1 million or
54Hx_noZi-Y-01713-00397872-00398015 more members of the Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01714-00398016-00398270 in Africa the total number of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01715-00398271-00398552 congregations is approximately 14,000
54Hx_noZi-Y-01716-00398553-00398786 the most significant concentrations are
54Hx_noZi-Y-01717-00398787-00399208 in Nigeria Malawi Ghana Zambia Zimbabwe
54Hx_noZi-Y-01718-00399209-00399704 Ethiopia South Africa and Kenya
54Hx_noZi-Y-01719-00399705-00399859 you
54Hx_noZi-Y-01720-00399860-00400329 topic Asia
54Hx_noZi-Y-01721-00400330-00400593 India has historically been a target for
54Hx_noZi-Y-01722-00400594-00400770 missionary efforts estimates are that
54Hx_noZi-Y-01723-00400771-00400986 there are 2,000 or more restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-01724-00400987-00401178 movement congregations in India with a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01725-00401179-00401378 membership of approximately 1 million
54Hx_noZi-Y-01726-00401379-00401703 more than 100 congregations exist in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01727-00401704-00401901 Philippines growth in other Asian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01728-00401902-00402120 countries has been smaller but is still
54Hx_noZi-Y-01729-00402121-00402558 significant
54Hx_noZi-Y-01730-00402559-00403045 Australia and New Zealand
54Hx_noZi-Y-01731-00403046-00403310 historically restoration movement groups
54Hx_noZi-Y-01732-00403311-00403472 from Great Britain were more influential
54Hx_noZi-Y-01733-00403473-00403679 than those from the United States in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01734-00403680-00403832 early development of the movement in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01735-00403833-00404117 Australia Churches of Christ grew up
54Hx_noZi-Y-01736-00404118-00404345 independently in several locations while
54Hx_noZi-Y-01737-00404346-00404546 early Churches of Christ in Australia
54Hx_noZi-Y-01738-00404547-00404756 saw Creed's as divisive towards the end
54Hx_noZi-Y-01739-00404757-00404948 of the 19th century they began viewing
54Hx_noZi-Y-01740-00404949-00405260 summary statements of belief as useful
54Hx_noZi-Y-01741-00405261-00405485 in tutoring second-generation members
54Hx_noZi-Y-01742-00405486-00405673 and converts from other religious groups
54Hx_noZi-Y-01743-00405674-00406106 the period from 1875 through 1910 also
54Hx_noZi-Y-01744-00406107-00406298 saw debates over the use of musical
54Hx_noZi-Y-01745-00406299-00406466 instruments in worship Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01746-00406467-00406702 Endeavor societies and Sunday schools
54Hx_noZi-Y-01747-00406703-00406952 ultimately all three found general
54Hx_noZi-Y-01748-00406953-00407150 acceptance in the movement currently the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01749-00407151-00407345 restoration movement is not as divided
54Hx_noZi-Y-01750-00407346-00407534 in Australia as it is in the United
54Hx_noZi-Y-01751-00407535-00407774 States there have been strong ties with
54Hx_noZi-Y-01752-00407775-00407996 the Christian Church disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01753-00407997-00408209 but many conservative ministers and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01754-00408210-00408380 congregations associate with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01755-00408381-00408584 unaffiliated Christian Church Church of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01756-00408585-00408866 Christ congregations instead others have
54Hx_noZi-Y-01757-00408867-00409019 sought support from non-instrumental
54Hx_noZi-Y-01758-00409020-00409244 Churches of Christ particularly those
54Hx_noZi-Y-01759-00409245-00409550 who felt that conference congregations
54Hx_noZi-Y-01760-00409551-00410143 had departed from the restoration ideal
54Hx_noZi-Y-01761-00410143-00410630 topic Great Britain
54Hx_noZi-Y-01762-00410631-00410868 a group in Nottingham withdrew from the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01763-00410868-00411153 Scotch Baptist Church in 1836 to form a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01764-00411154-00411453 Church of Christ James Wallace a member
54Hx_noZi-Y-01765-00411454-00411641 of that group founded a magazine named
54Hx_noZi-Y-01766-00411642-00411912 the British millennial Harbinger in 1837
54Hx_noZi-Y-01767-00411913-00412280 in 1842 the first cooperative meeting of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01768-00412281-00412466 Churches of Christ in Great Britain was
54Hx_noZi-Y-01769-00412467-00412751 held in Edinburgh approximately 50
54Hx_noZi-Y-01770-00412752-00412974 congregations were involved representing
54Hx_noZi-Y-01771-00412975-00413376 a membership of 1600 the name Churches
54Hx_noZi-Y-01772-00413377-00413639 of Christ was formally adopted at an
54Hx_noZi-Y-01773-00413640-00413930 annual meeting in 1870 Alexander
54Hx_noZi-Y-01774-00413931-00414078 Campbell influenced the British
54Hx_noZi-Y-01775-00414079-00414270 Restoration Movement indirectly through
54Hx_noZi-Y-01776-00414271-00414453 his writings he visited the Britain for
54Hx_noZi-Y-01777-00414454-00414782 several months in 1847 and presided at
54Hx_noZi-Y-01778-00414783-00414978 the second cooperative meeting of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01779-00414979-00415305 British churches at Chester at that time
54Hx_noZi-Y-01780-00415306-00415484 the movement had grown to encompass 80
54Hx_noZi-Y-01781-00415485-00415718 congregations with a total membership of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01782-00415718-00416053 2,300 annual meetings were held after
54Hx_noZi-Y-01783-00416054-00416330 1847 the use of instrumental music in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01784-00416331-00416505 worship was not a source of division
54Hx_noZi-Y-01785-00416506-00416697 among the Churches of Christ in Great
54Hx_noZi-Y-01786-00416697-00416882 Britain before World War one more
54Hx_noZi-Y-01787-00416883-00417101 significant was the issue of pacifism a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01788-00417102-00417303 National Conference was established in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01789-00417304-00417572 1916 for congregations that opposed the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01790-00417573-00417928 war a conference for old paths
54Hx_noZi-Y-01791-00417929-00418280 congregations was first held in 1924 the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01792-00418281-00418491 issues involved included concern that
54Hx_noZi-Y-01793-00418492-00418641 the Christian Association was
54Hx_noZi-Y-01794-00418642-00418845 compromising traditional principles in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01795-00418846-00419016 seeking ecumenical ties with other
54Hx_noZi-Y-01796-00419017-00419220 organizations in a sense that it had
54Hx_noZi-Y-01797-00419221-00419468 abandoned Scripture as an all sufficient
54Hx_noZi-Y-01798-00419469-00419906 rule of faith and practice too old paths
54Hx_noZi-Y-01799-00419907-00420087 congregations withdrew from the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01800-00420088-00420381 Association in 1931 an additional two
54Hx_noZi-Y-01801-00420382-00420693 withdrew in 1934 and 19 more withdrew
54Hx_noZi-Y-01802-00420693-00421287 between 1943 and 1945 during and after
54Hx_noZi-Y-01803-00421288-00421541 the First World War the Association of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01804-00421542-00421749 Churches of Christ in Britain disbanded
54Hx_noZi-Y-01805-00421750-00422114 in 1980 most Association congregations
54Hx_noZi-Y-01806-00422115-00422366 approximately 40 United with the United
54Hx_noZi-Y-01807-00422367-00422718 Reformed Church in 1981 in the same year
54Hx_noZi-Y-01808-00422718-00422933 24 other congregations formed a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01809-00422934-00423191 fellowship of Churches of Christ the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01810-00423192-00423366 fellowship developed ties with the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01811-00423367-00423572 unaffiliated Christian Church Church of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01812-00423573-00423801 Christ congregations during the 1980s
54Hx_noZi-Y-01813-00423802-00424008 the Fellowship of Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01814-00424009-00424203 some Australian in new zealand churches
54Hx_noZi-Y-01815-00424204-00424488 advocate a missional emphasis with an
54Hx_noZi-Y-01816-00424489-00424833 ideal of fivefold leadership many people
54Hx_noZi-Y-01817-00424834-00424989 in more traditional Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01818-00424989-00425196 see these groups as having more in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01819-00425197-00425466 common with Pentecostal churches the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01820-00425467-00425664 main publishing organs of traditional
54Hx_noZi-Y-01821-00425664-00425838 Churches of Christ in Britain are the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01822-00425839-00426000 Christian worker magazine in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01823-00426001-00426285 scripture standard magazine a history of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01824-00426285-00426450 the Association of Churches of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01825-00426451-00426699 let sects and parties fall was written
54Hx_noZi-Y-01826-00426700-00427176 by David M Thompson
54Hx_noZi-Y-01827-00427177-00427649 topic key figures
54Hx_noZi-Y-01828-00427650-00427922 although Barton W stone Thomas and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01829-00427922-00428138 Alexander Campbell and Walter Scott were
54Hx_noZi-Y-01830-00428139-00428272 to become the best-known and most
54Hx_noZi-Y-01831-00428274-00428459 influential early leaders of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01832-00428460-00428645 movement others preceded them and laid
54Hx_noZi-Y-01833-00428646-00428903 the foundation for their work rice
54Hx_noZi-Y-01834-00428904-00429533 Haggard 1769 to 1819 James Oh Kelly 1735
54Hx_noZi-Y-01835-00429534-00429946 - 1826 Durham North Carolina
54Hx_noZi-Y-01836-00429947-00430600 Abner Jones 1772 to 1841 Barton W stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-01837-00430601-00431350 1772 to 1844 Elias Smith 1764 to 1846
54Hx_noZi-Y-01838-00431351-00431912 Thomas Campbell 1763 to 1854 Walter
54Hx_noZi-Y-01839-00431913-00432296 Scott 1796 to 1861 a successful
54Hx_noZi-Y-01840-00432297-00432491 evangelist who helped to stabilize the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01841-00432492-00432668 Campbell movement as it was separating
54Hx_noZi-Y-01842-00432668-00432955 from the Baptist's Alexander Campbell
54Hx_noZi-Y-01843-00432956-00433643 1788 to 1866 raccoon John Smith 1784 to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01844-00433643-00433918 1868 instrumental in bringing the stone
54Hx_noZi-Y-01845-00433920-00434204 and Campbell movements together Elisha
54Hx_noZi-Y-01846-00434205-00434618 Martindale 1793 to 1874 active in
54Hx_noZi-Y-01847-00434618-00434701 Indiana
54Hx_noZi-Y-01848-00434702-00435221 Amos sudden Haydn 1813 to 1880 James a
54Hx_noZi-Y-01849-00435222-00435605 Garfield 1831 to 1881 first restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-01850-00435606-00435791 movement member to be elected United
54Hx_noZi-Y-01851-00435792-00435995 States President the others being lyndon
54Hx_noZi-Y-01852-00435996-00436406 b johnson 1908 to 1973 and ronald reagan
54Hx_noZi-Y-01853-00436407-00436922 1911 to 2004 Marshall Keeble 1878 to
54Hx_noZi-Y-01854-00436922-00437195 1969 his successful preaching career
54Hx_noZi-Y-01855-00437196-00437387 notably bridged a racial divide in the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01856-00437388-00437546 restoration movement prior to the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01857-00437547-00437822 American Civil Rights Movement Kip
54Hx_noZi-Y-01858-00437822-00438092 McKean born 1954 founder of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01859-00438093-00438356 International Churches of Christ ICOC
54Hx_noZi-Y-01860-00438357-00438560 a twentieth-century offshoot of this
54Hx_noZi-Y-01861-00438560-00438851 movement list of notable women of the
54Hx_noZi-Y-01862-00438852-00439293 Restoration Movement
54Hx_noZi-Y-01863-00439293-00439807 topic see also
54Hx_noZi-Y-01864-00439808-00440328 topic references
54Hx_noZi-Y-01865-00440329-00440866 topic bibliography
54Hx_noZi-Y-01866-00440867-00441412 topic external links
54Hx_noZi-Y-01867-00441413-00441700 humble William bill our restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-01868-00441701-00441925 heritage documentary Cyril church
54Hx_noZi-Y-01869-00441926-00442135 archived from the original on the 8th of
54Hx_noZi-Y-01870-00442135-00442537 July 2011 restoration history historical
54Hx_noZi-Y-01871-00442538-00442834 texts and recordings restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-01872-00442835-00442978 movement texts at the wayback machine
54Hx_noZi-Y-01873-00442979-00443256 archived June 15 2012
54Hx_noZi-Y-01874-00443257-00443514 the restoration movement pages
54Hx_noZi-Y-01875-00443516-00443797 historical texts images biographies and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01876-00443797-00444013 other resources Abilene Christian
54Hx_noZi-Y-01877-00444014-00444277 University disciples of Christ
54Hx_noZi-Y-01878-00444278-00444601 Historical Society holds artifacts and
54Hx_noZi-Y-01879-00444602-00444754 records relating to the restoration
54Hx_noZi-Y-01880-00444755-00445014 movement
56YnUFw--CU-00000-00000179-00001566 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00001-00001567-00002066 won't believe until i see the right
56YnUFw--CU-00002-00002067-00003793 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00003-00003794-00003927 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00004-00003928-00004119 every time i try
56YnUFw--CU-00005-00004120-00004364 to make sense
56YnUFw--CU-00006-00004365-00005112 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00007-00005113-00005161 [Applause]
56YnUFw--CU-00008-00005162-00005670 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00009-00005671-00006180 hey
56YnUFw--CU-00010-00006181-00006606 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00011-00006608-00006948 trust me that's what i will
56YnUFw--CU-00012-00006950-00007103 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00013-00007104-00007495 do be the name of what you love you
56YnUFw--CU-00014-00007495-00007884 would do but just enough
56YnUFw--CU-00016-00011264-00013001 they pull
56YnUFw--CU-00017-00013002-00013337 [Applause]
56YnUFw--CU-00018-00013338-00013463 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00019-00013463-00013751 got a few more fake friends and it's
56YnUFw--CU-00020-00013752-00014140 getting hard to know what's really
56YnUFw--CU-00021-00014141-00014607 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00022-00014608-00015284 i am just a human trying to avoid
56YnUFw--CU-00023-00015285-00015822 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00024-00015823-00015999 take me down
56YnUFw--CU-00025-00016000-00017520 guys
56YnUFw--CU-00026-00017521-00018430 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00027-00018431-00019810 is
56YnUFw--CU-00028-00019811-00020683 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00029-00020684-00020943 [Music]
56YnUFw--CU-00030-00020944-00021183 without you i am
56YnUFw--CU-00031-00021184-00021516 left to thirst out in the heat
56YnUFw--CU-00032-00021517-00021983 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00000-00001520-00001607 okay
56YRXw9inQg-00001-00001607-00002023 there we go so once my headphones got
56YRXw9inQg-00002-00002023-00002091 disconnected
56YRXw9inQg-00003-00002092-00002310 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00004-00002311-00002495 through off all of my settings and then
56YRXw9inQg-00005-00002496-00002823 the screen
56YRXw9inQg-00006-00002824-00003336 should be dead now
56YRXw9inQg-00007-00003336-00004527 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00008-00004528-00005806 okay i got on stage that's funny
56YRXw9inQg-00009-00005807-00006118 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00010-00006119-00008562 i had to escort him off the stage
56YRXw9inQg-00011-00008563-00009239 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00012-00009240-00010090 needless huh
56YRXw9inQg-00013-00010091-00012628 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00014-00012629-00014083 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00015-00014084-00014200 ah
56YRXw9inQg-00016-00014201-00015003 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00017-00015004-00015483 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00018-00015484-00015825 do
56YRXw9inQg-00019-00015826-00016343 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00020-00016344-00017367 hello where is that guy
56YRXw9inQg-00021-00017368-00019683 see in the museum
56YRXw9inQg-00022-00019684-00020375 laughs
56YRXw9inQg-00023-00020376-00020543 um is this what i was supposed to be
56YRXw9inQg-00024-00020544-00020743 doing
56YRXw9inQg-00025-00020744-00021063 i forgot after the web computer
56YRXw9inQg-00026-00021064-00021455 messed up on me here
56YRXw9inQg-00027-00021456-00021822 um yeah i think i was supposed to be
56YRXw9inQg-00028-00021823-00022483 bringing the paragraph back to this guy
56YRXw9inQg-00029-00022484-00023883 right
56YRXw9inQg-00030-00023884-00025183 mmm
56YRXw9inQg-00031-00025184-00025375 the next round there's a light shining
56YRXw9inQg-00032-00025376-00025599 from far far below
56YRXw9inQg-00033-00025600-00025934 me there i found a huge monster
56YRXw9inQg-00034-00025935-00026246 up i'm not trying to pull you away
56YRXw9inQg-00035-00026247-00026743 or actually go there and check it out
56YRXw9inQg-00036-00026744-00027102 all right
56YRXw9inQg-00037-00027104-00028883 i better save again
56YRXw9inQg-00038-00028883-00029439 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00039-00029439-00030883 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00040-00030883-00032113 foreign
56YRXw9inQg-00041-00032114-00032302 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00042-00032303-00032583 great yes i fire psf greens and
56YRXw9inQg-00043-00032583-00032718 paralysis
56YRXw9inQg-00044-00032719-00034632 and drain shot
56YRXw9inQg-00045-00034633-00035083 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00046-00035084-00035220 is
56YRXw9inQg-00047-00035221-00036483 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00048-00036484-00036627 oh
56YRXw9inQg-00049-00036628-00038556 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00050-00038557-00039283 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00051-00039284-00039481 um
56YRXw9inQg-00052-00039482-00040143 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00053-00040144-00041110 fire flash paralysis
56YRXw9inQg-00054-00041111-00042083 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00055-00042084-00042315 so
56YRXw9inQg-00056-00042316-00043483 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00057-00043484-00043730 foreign
56YRXw9inQg-00058-00043731-00046200 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00059-00046201-00046751 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00060-00046752-00047911 the river trash can or not
56YRXw9inQg-00061-00047912-00049270 it is okay
56YRXw9inQg-00062-00049271-00050695 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00063-00050696-00051882 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00064-00051883-00052013 do
56YRXw9inQg-00065-00052014-00052986 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00066-00052987-00054247 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00067-00054248-00054423 all right so they have around at least
56YRXw9inQg-00068-00054424-00055879 400 hp
56YRXw9inQg-00069-00055879-00056311 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00070-00056312-00056726 nice
56YRXw9inQg-00071-00056727-00056991 all right since this uh dungeon is right
56YRXw9inQg-00072-00056991-00057071 nearby
56YRXw9inQg-00073-00057072-00057223 i'm gonna go ahead and go back to the
56YRXw9inQg-00074-00057224-00058835 hotel and rest and i will come back
56YRXw9inQg-00076-00062239-00063186 oh boy
56YRXw9inQg-00077-00063187-00063882 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00078-00063883-00064415 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00079-00064416-00064535 but i was wondering what he was going to
56YRXw9inQg-00080-00064536-00064782 make that into
56YRXw9inQg-00081-00064783-00066306 the shield killer oh
56YRXw9inQg-00082-00066307-00067375 [Music]
56YRXw9inQg-00083-00067376-00068135 these many times good to know
56YRXw9inQg-00084-00068136-00069463 see what the news is
56YRXw9inQg-00085-00069464-00070082 yeah i guess that's ready as a prince
56YRXw9inQg-00086-00070083-00070438 huh
56YRXw9inQg-00087-00070439-00070759 you know actually i think uh
56YRXw9inQg-00088-00070760-00070967 i'm sorry about the interruption there
56YRXw9inQg-00089-00070968-00071111 but you know what i think i am going to
56YRXw9inQg-00090-00071112-00071391 go ahead and end my stream here
56YRXw9inQg-00091-00071392-00071638 plan to stream for a little bit longer
56YRXw9inQg-00092-00071639-00071743 but it looks like uh
56YRXw9inQg-00093-00071744-00071991 my computer has a few updates it's
56YRXw9inQg-00094-00071992-00072126 trying to do
56YRXw9inQg-00095-00072127-00072319 and i think basically what's going to
56YRXw9inQg-00096-00072320-00072526 happen is it's going to
56YRXw9inQg-00097-00072527-00072879 freeze again while i'm playing
56YRXw9inQg-00098-00072880-00073023 so i'm gonna just make sure i have all
56YRXw9inQg-00099-00073024-00073287 my updates done and all my optimizations
56YRXw9inQg-00100-00073288-00073335 done
56YRXw9inQg-00101-00073336-00073606 and then tomorrow when i play hopefully
56YRXw9inQg-00102-00073607-00073679 there won't be
56YRXw9inQg-00103-00073680-00074047 any options there so
56YRXw9inQg-00104-00074048-00074367 anyway thank you guys so much for
56YRXw9inQg-00105-00074368-00074567 watching
56YRXw9inQg-00106-00074568-00074947 and i will see you all next time thank
56YRXw9inQg-00107-00074948-00075248 you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00000-00000035-00000127 [Music]
57Q8HSo6NuE-00001-00000128-00000303 hello everyone i'm eric peltier i'm the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00002-00000304-00000359 cre
57Q8HSo6NuE-00003-00000360-00000455 or the coordinator for residence
57Q8HSo6NuE-00004-00000456-00000615 education here at the northwest quad
57Q8HSo6NuE-00005-00000616-00000711 which is the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00006-00000712-00000943 if you're in buildings gatewood morgan
57Q8HSo6NuE-00007-00000944-00001015 morgan
57Q8HSo6NuE-00008-00001016-00001239 wow clark or harding that makes up the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00009-00001240-00001407 northwest quad
57Q8HSo6NuE-00010-00001408-00001614 i'm the live-in professional who lives
57Q8HSo6NuE-00011-00001616-00001710 here on campus
57Q8HSo6NuE-00012-00001711-00001934 in the buildings um i oversee all the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00013-00001935-00002183 residents i see oversee all the ras
57Q8HSo6NuE-00014-00002184-00002487 um and whatnot and if for just a i guess
57Q8HSo6NuE-00015-00002488-00002679 geographical idea of where the quad is
57Q8HSo6NuE-00016-00002680-00002815 yeah give us a sense of where we are on
57Q8HSo6NuE-00017-00002816-00002999 the campus yeah so on the other side so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00018-00003000-00003158 this building right next to me on my
57Q8HSo6NuE-00019-00003159-00003231 left
57Q8HSo6NuE-00020-00003232-00003559 is gatewood which on the other side of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00021-00003560-00003806 gatewood is the pat walker health center
57Q8HSo6NuE-00022-00003807-00004070 behind me is morgan and on the other
57Q8HSo6NuE-00023-00004071-00004159 side of morgan
57Q8HSo6NuE-00024-00004160-00004463 is the bookstore in the garland parking
57Q8HSo6NuE-00025-00004464-00004591 garage so if you have a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00026-00004592-00004759 parking garage pass that's where most
57Q8HSo6NuE-00027-00004760-00004919 likely you'll be parking
57Q8HSo6NuE-00028-00004920-00005175 we have the dining hall right here the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00029-00005176-00005327 fulbright dining hall
57Q8HSo6NuE-00030-00005328-00005495 and then you can't necessarily see it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00031-00005496-00005647 super well-ish but
57Q8HSo6NuE-00032-00005648-00005959 in that corner right there is clark and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00033-00005960-00005991 then
57Q8HSo6NuE-00034-00005992-00006263 on the other side of gatewood is um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00035-00006264-00006359 harding
57Q8HSo6NuE-00036-00006360-00006670 um and but that is our quad um and we
57Q8HSo6NuE-00037-00006672-00006823 you can kind of see we have also a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00038-00006823-00006975 hammock park and stuff like that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00039-00006976-00007183 so yeah it's kind of a quick idea of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00040-00007184-00007334 where we are on campus and we're under
57Q8HSo6NuE-00041-00007336-00007478 kind of a neat nice little feature here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00042-00007479-00007598 this is a uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00043-00007600-00007791 pergola i think it's called oh boy
57Q8HSo6NuE-00044-00007792-00007934 architecture features are not my thing
57Q8HSo6NuE-00045-00007936-00007967 so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00046-00007968-00008142 we're going to go with yes all right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00047-00008143-00008310 we'll go with yes that sounds good
57Q8HSo6NuE-00048-00008311-00008519 it feels right it feels like a good turn
57Q8HSo6NuE-00049-00008520-00008695 okay good good good
57Q8HSo6NuE-00050-00008696-00008887 all right well um about how many people
57Q8HSo6NuE-00051-00008888-00009031 live in the uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00052-00009032-00009239 in the the quad neighborhood so the quad
57Q8HSo6NuE-00053-00009240-00009342 is made up of about
57Q8HSo6NuE-00054-00009343-00009614 600 residents across the four buildings
57Q8HSo6NuE-00055-00009615-00009710 um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00056-00009711-00009919 about that breaks down to about what
57Q8HSo6NuE-00057-00009920-00010087 like 175-ish
57Q8HSo6NuE-00058-00010088-00010278 per building per the four buildings i
57Q8HSo6NuE-00059-00010279-00010406 think of my mouth
57Q8HSo6NuE-00060-00010407-00010783 okay so um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00061-00010784-00011023 yeah so about 175 per the four and then
57Q8HSo6NuE-00062-00011024-00011191 about 604-ish
57Q8HSo6NuE-00063-00011192-00011342 in that area make up the whole build and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00064-00011343-00011535 make up the whole quad so we have about
57Q8HSo6NuE-00065-00011536-00011614 16 people
57Q8HSo6NuE-00066-00011615-00011838 tuning in 18 people tuning in right now
57Q8HSo6NuE-00067-00011839-00011991 we uh would love to know where you're
57Q8HSo6NuE-00068-00011992-00012199 uh tuning in from and if you're coming
57Q8HSo6NuE-00069-00012200-00012351 this fall and living here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00070-00012352-00012495 in the northwest quad neighborhood let
57Q8HSo6NuE-00071-00012496-00012719 us know and uh eric and i would love to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00072-00012720-00012966 get to know you excellent um so we're
57Q8HSo6NuE-00073-00012967-00013119 going to go inside morgan
57Q8HSo6NuE-00074-00013119-00013358 uh the entrance of morgan this is a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00075-00013359-00013543 building most of you will all go into
57Q8HSo6NuE-00076-00013544-00013703 because it is where we have our mail
57Q8HSo6NuE-00077-00013704-00013855 we'll show you all that where all four
57Q8HSo6NuE-00078-00013856-00014015 of their buildings mail your packages
57Q8HSo6NuE-00079-00014016-00014103 and stuff like that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00080-00014104-00014222 and it's also where the entrance to the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00081-00014223-00014415 dining hall is so and we have some other
57Q8HSo6NuE-00082-00014416-00014511 features we'll show you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00083-00014512-00014735 on our quick on our tour today sounds
57Q8HSo6NuE-00084-00014736-00015319 great let's head on in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00085-00015319-00015519 and so if you've been with university
57Q8HSo6NuE-00086-00015519-00015686 housing for a while but how long have
57Q8HSo6NuE-00087-00015687-00015750 you been
57Q8HSo6NuE-00088-00015751-00016007 the cre for this particular haul uh i
57Q8HSo6NuE-00089-00016008-00016175 started the earlier this month
57Q8HSo6NuE-00090-00016176-00016486 okay so yeah i've been here i've been
57Q8HSo6NuE-00091-00016487-00016575 with housing
57Q8HSo6NuE-00092-00016576-00016950 about six years now um i started over in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00093-00016951-00017079 holcomb future
57Q8HSo6NuE-00094-00017080-00017230 um and then i was in founders for a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00095-00017231-00017375 little while and now i'm here in the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00096-00017376-00017422 quad
57Q8HSo6NuE-00097-00017423-00017591 oh so a lot of experience across campus
57Q8HSo6NuE-00098-00017592-00017814 hey would you mind waving hello to becky
57Q8HSo6NuE-00099-00017815-00018127 in dallas
57Q8HSo6NuE-00100-00018128-00018343 um so these doors are actually unlocked
57Q8HSo6NuE-00101-00018344-00018519 if you live in morgan you have access
57Q8HSo6NuE-00102-00018520-00018575 your
57Q8HSo6NuE-00103-00018576-00018807 your um your bit of the building is
57Q8HSo6NuE-00104-00018808-00018911 still protected
57Q8HSo6NuE-00105-00018912-00019079 um these really but these are unlocked
57Q8HSo6NuE-00106-00019080-00019191 for you to be able to get in and get
57Q8HSo6NuE-00107-00019192-00019375 your packages and stuff like that right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00108-00019376-00019583 and hello to jonathan little rock and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00109-00019584-00019767 tracy in tawny town
57Q8HSo6NuE-00110-00019768-00019935 just a little ways away living in clark
57Q8HSo6NuE-00111-00019936-00020111 and morgan sweet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00112-00020112-00020327 all right so yeah we are in the main
57Q8HSo6NuE-00113-00020328-00020511 lobby area of morgan
57Q8HSo6NuE-00114-00020512-00020750 um we have some we have some furniture
57Q8HSo6NuE-00115-00020751-00020814 we have a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00116-00020815-00020958 we'll we'll introduce steven here in a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00117-00020959-00021150 second uh but we have some furniture
57Q8HSo6NuE-00118-00021151-00021327 some pool tables ping pong tables
57Q8HSo6NuE-00119-00021328-00021639 tvs um and then we have our
57Q8HSo6NuE-00120-00021640-00021911 awesome front desk over here um with
57Q8HSo6NuE-00121-00021912-00022022 miss christy
57Q8HSo6NuE-00122-00022023-00022207 um and all that where you'll be able to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00123-00022208-00022343 get your mail uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00124-00022344-00022558 well we have mailboxes and you can get
57Q8HSo6NuE-00125-00022559-00022686 packages and whatnot
57Q8HSo6NuE-00126-00022687-00022911 so sure sounds good sounds good yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00127-00022912-00023039 who's this we have over here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00128-00023040-00023311 uh this is steven how's it going guys uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00129-00023312-00023430 my name's steven stone
57Q8HSo6NuE-00130-00023431-00023567 i'm the graduate system for student
57Q8HSo6NuE-00131-00023568-00023775 leadership so i advise the lead hogs
57Q8HSo6NuE-00132-00023776-00023975 the national residence hall honorary and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00133-00023976-00024142 resident center hall congress so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00134-00024143-00024294 i live here in the quad but i work in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00135-00024295-00024478 the housing office you ever see me
57Q8HSo6NuE-00136-00024479-00024719 i'm just a great assistant so yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00137-00024720-00024871 sounds good you notice your nose keeps
57Q8HSo6NuE-00138-00024872-00025039 poking out yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00139-00025040-00025263 it's falling down that's all good you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00140-00025264-00025519 mentioned uh lead hogs and stuff like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00141-00025520-00025646 that can you tell us just a moment about
57Q8HSo6NuE-00142-00025647-00025790 what lead hogs is sure so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00143-00025791-00026046 lead hogs is a leadership development
57Q8HSo6NuE-00144-00026047-00026143 program
57Q8HSo6NuE-00145-00026144-00026287 for all of our students that live on
57Q8HSo6NuE-00146-00026288-00026455 campus we host
57Q8HSo6NuE-00147-00026456-00026614 all sorts of different initiatives
57Q8HSo6NuE-00148-00026616-00026774 during the school year such as
57Q8HSo6NuE-00149-00026775-00027079 in halls where you meet with your hall
57Q8HSo6NuE-00150-00027080-00027279 anything to as big as a lead now where
57Q8HSo6NuE-00151-00027280-00027470 all the lead hogs across campus come
57Q8HSo6NuE-00152-00027472-00027535 together
57Q8HSo6NuE-00153-00027536-00027711 and we have a leadership development
57Q8HSo6NuE-00154-00027712-00027855 training that's usually led
57Q8HSo6NuE-00155-00027856-00028095 by a guest speaker so it's a great
57Q8HSo6NuE-00156-00028095-00028199 program and it's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00157-00028200-00028374 run all throughout the year we have some
57Q8HSo6NuE-00158-00028375-00028527 really exciting things rolling out such
57Q8HSo6NuE-00159-00028527-00028758 as a level up certification process
57Q8HSo6NuE-00160-00028760-00028967 where you can build skills and put them
57Q8HSo6NuE-00161-00028968-00029079 on your resume
57Q8HSo6NuE-00162-00029080-00029223 and things like that so we're really
57Q8HSo6NuE-00163-00029224-00029399 excited about it very cool thanks hey
57Q8HSo6NuE-00164-00029400-00029574 will you come along with us yeah all
57Q8HSo6NuE-00165-00029575-00029639 right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00166-00029639-00029927 excellent um so like i said over here is
57Q8HSo6NuE-00167-00029927-00030014 our desk
57Q8HSo6NuE-00168-00030016-00030302 area um the desk opens up at about not
57Q8HSo6NuE-00169-00030303-00030446 about i don't know i said it about but
57Q8HSo6NuE-00170-00030447-00030558 it opens up at eight
57Q8HSo6NuE-00171-00030560-00030743 and it usually runs can we wave hello to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00172-00030744-00030862 you oh thank you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00173-00030863-00031262 uh it runs through about 10ish
57Q8HSo6NuE-00174-00031263-00031487 most days you're able to get packages up
57Q8HSo6NuE-00175-00031488-00031790 until i believe eight o'clock
57Q8HSo6NuE-00176-00031791-00032183 we'll have an ra here to help out
57Q8HSo6NuE-00177-00032183-00032399 i know that we have combos so if you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00178-00032400-00032631 don't know what your mailbox is one
57Q8HSo6NuE-00179-00032632-00032823 thing you can do is check ua connect
57Q8HSo6NuE-00180-00032824-00033055 it should have your mailbox it won't
57Q8HSo6NuE-00181-00033056-00033174 it's not on your a connect anymore in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00182-00033175-00033279 their housing portal
57Q8HSo6NuE-00183-00033280-00033487 oh it's in housing the housing portal it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00184-00033488-00033815 used to be nua connect
57Q8HSo6NuE-00185-00033816-00034015 where you go my details my details on
57Q8HSo6NuE-00186-00034016-00034143 the housing portal that's where i find
57Q8HSo6NuE-00187-00034144-00034174 it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00188-00034175-00034374 it's been a while i have i forget where
57Q8HSo6NuE-00189-00034375-00034502 they keep moving things around on me
57Q8HSo6NuE-00190-00034503-00034607 sometimes
57Q8HSo6NuE-00191-00034608-00034807 um so yeah go to my details you'll find
57Q8HSo6NuE-00192-00034808-00034983 your mailbox you'll find
57Q8HSo6NuE-00193-00034984-00035190 your combo and you'll find the mailing
57Q8HSo6NuE-00194-00035191-00035318 address which are probably some of the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00195-00035319-00035543 most common questions we get
57Q8HSo6NuE-00196-00035544-00035735 about where to how to get your mail
57Q8HSo6NuE-00197-00035736-00035895 because it is for buildings it's not
57Q8HSo6NuE-00198-00035896-00036102 necessarily they have different physical
57Q8HSo6NuE-00199-00036103-00036374 addresses than our mailing address
57Q8HSo6NuE-00200-00036375-00036551 sounds good yeah well what else do we
57Q8HSo6NuE-00201-00036552-00036767 have here on the first floor oh yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00202-00036768-00036967 thank you thank you good to see you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00203-00036968-00037079 welcome
57Q8HSo6NuE-00204-00037080-00037262 um well we're gonna walk right by we'll
57Q8HSo6NuE-00205-00037263-00037430 walk by all the fancy
57Q8HSo6NuE-00206-00037431-00037895 mailboxes here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00207-00037896-00038127 hand sanitation right there yeah hand
57Q8HSo6NuE-00208-00038128-00038215 sanitizer
57Q8HSo6NuE-00209-00038216-00038439 all the good safety stuff for this year
57Q8HSo6NuE-00210-00038440-00038574 we have actually we've had it there
57Q8HSo6NuE-00211-00038575-00038679 every year but
57Q8HSo6NuE-00212-00038680-00038862 it's more it's actually really important
57Q8HSo6NuE-00213-00038863-00039007 this year um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00214-00039008-00039311 around the corner here um is actually
57Q8HSo6NuE-00215-00039312-00039455 where my office is there's some more
57Q8HSo6NuE-00216-00039456-00039615 mailboxes on the other side of this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00217-00039616-00039702 little
57Q8HSo6NuE-00218-00039703-00040007 uh hallway um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00219-00040008-00040215 so yeah that's a really cool area this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00220-00040216-00040390 is an entrance into morgan hall so if
57Q8HSo6NuE-00221-00040391-00040551 you live here this is a this is actually
57Q8HSo6NuE-00222-00040552-00040630 the only
57Q8HSo6NuE-00223-00040631-00040790 the only to the residential area where
57Q8HSo6NuE-00224-00040791-00040935 you do have to fob in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00225-00040936-00041223 um that sounds good um and then we'll
57Q8HSo6NuE-00226-00041224-00041358 head on down here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00227-00041359-00041471 we'll head down the hall a little bit we
57Q8HSo6NuE-00228-00041472-00041679 have a computer lab a music room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00229-00041680-00041879 a little conference space some classroom
57Q8HSo6NuE-00230-00041880-00042046 space and then the dining hall
57Q8HSo6NuE-00231-00042047-00042223 that's also here yeah let's go take a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00232-00042224-00042502 look we have some res
57Q8HSo6NuE-00233-00042503-00042607 every building is equipped with
57Q8HSo6NuE-00234-00042608-00042846 recycling we just have a lot more here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00235-00042847-00042902 in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00236-00042903-00043223 in morgan but every building has
57Q8HSo6NuE-00237-00043224-00043455 at the front of their building these
57Q8HSo6NuE-00238-00043456-00043639 little recycling stations
57Q8HSo6NuE-00239-00043640-00043783 and most and all the buildings also have
57Q8HSo6NuE-00240-00043784-00043974 a water fountain also
57Q8HSo6NuE-00241-00043975-00044102 and we highly recommend you bring a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00242-00044103-00044295 water bottle for yourself
57Q8HSo6NuE-00243-00044296-00044471 um do you have a water bottle that you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00244-00044472-00044646 like to use i do i have an algae in my
57Q8HSo6NuE-00245-00044647-00044823 office right now that's actually empty
57Q8HSo6NuE-00246-00044824-00045039 uh we were getting ready for this it ran
57Q8HSo6NuE-00247-00045040-00045151 out so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00248-00045152-00045423 here we are um so right here is our tech
57Q8HSo6NuE-00249-00045424-00045479 center
57Q8HSo6NuE-00250-00045480-00045687 they're our computer lab it is run
57Q8HSo6NuE-00251-00045688-00045830 through um uits
57Q8HSo6NuE-00252-00045831-00046062 helps us out with this um you can use
57Q8HSo6NuE-00253-00046063-00046207 your printing quota here actually
57Q8HSo6NuE-00254-00046208-00046446 it has a printer in there and it's all
57Q8HSo6NuE-00255-00046447-00046630 set up for that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00256-00046631-00046839 so if you have a printer you don't need
57Q8HSo6NuE-00257-00046840-00046974 to bring a printer which is always
57Q8HSo6NuE-00258-00046975-00047111 really nice
57Q8HSo6NuE-00259-00047112-00047358 because you have a printing photo and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00260-00047359-00047495 within your student fees you have a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00261-00047496-00047599 certain amount of money i believe it's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00262-00047600-00047671 35
57Q8HSo6NuE-00263-00047672-00047911 a semester for for printing out anything
57Q8HSo6NuE-00264-00047912-00048111 you want and so it goes against that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00265-00048112-00048318 and i believe you can print remotely and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00266-00048319-00048423 you can just pick it up
57Q8HSo6NuE-00267-00048424-00048646 i think i don't i don't know about that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00268-00048647-00048918 i just know that we have one here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00269-00048919-00049207 um we have some rule like we have some
57Q8HSo6NuE-00270-00049208-00049383 skylines what we're doing for safety in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00271-00049384-00049455 there
57Q8HSo6NuE-00272-00049456-00049751 um to our right is our music room um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00273-00049752-00049839 it's got a little bit
57Q8HSo6NuE-00274-00049840-00050015 it's got some stuff for arrival in there
57Q8HSo6NuE-00275-00050016-00050167 for right now but we have a piano an
57Q8HSo6NuE-00276-00050168-00050343 electric uh drum set
57Q8HSo6NuE-00277-00050344-00050511 and but people come in here practice
57Q8HSo6NuE-00278-00050512-00050655 others like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00279-00050656-00050855 other uh instruments that's where also
57Q8HSo6NuE-00280-00050856-00051039 people were other instruments that may
57Q8HSo6NuE-00281-00051040-00051111 be important
57Q8HSo6NuE-00282-00051112-00051254 that you may want to try out and stuff
57Q8HSo6NuE-00283-00051255-00051414 like that it's pretty nice it's a nice
57Q8HSo6NuE-00284-00051415-00051614 little room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00285-00051615-00051766 and you said what's in there right now
57Q8HSo6NuE-00286-00051767-00052126 is microwaves and refrigerators right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00287-00052127-00052311 no we actually have the moving carts
57Q8HSo6NuE-00288-00052312-00052463 actually they're the big gray moving
57Q8HSo6NuE-00289-00052464-00052519 boxes
57Q8HSo6NuE-00290-00052520-00052854 oh okay okay i believe you will get in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00291-00052855-00052950 there and look anyway
57Q8HSo6NuE-00292-00052951-00053423 yeah okay so we have our just our big
57Q8HSo6NuE-00293-00053424-00053671 um we will have these available for uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00294-00053672-00053799 moving
57Q8HSo6NuE-00295-00053800-00053999 but you have to uh ids and stuff like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00296-00054000-00054175 that right so that's something that will
57Q8HSo6NuE-00297-00054176-00054311 be available for move in but you need to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00298-00054312-00054494 have your id in order to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00299-00054495-00054791 rent it from us like i said this is we
57Q8HSo6NuE-00300-00054791-00054887 have conference space
57Q8HSo6NuE-00301-00054888-00055063 this is where our conference room is and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00302-00055064-00055263 some of the some of the micro fridges
57Q8HSo6NuE-00303-00055264-00055423 that are for renting actually through
57Q8HSo6NuE-00304-00055424-00055759 student leadership um so our micro
57Q8HSo6NuE-00305-00055760-00055894 fridges and stuff like that they're a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00306-00055895-00056007 really great thing because
57Q8HSo6NuE-00307-00056008-00056159 they arrive when you're they're here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00308-00056160-00056335 when you when you show up
57Q8HSo6NuE-00309-00056336-00056511 and as long as you clean them out at the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00310-00056512-00056647 end of the school year
57Q8HSo6NuE-00311-00056648-00056830 you don't have to try to pack them up or
57Q8HSo6NuE-00312-00056832-00056999 have one um and they're
57Q8HSo6NuE-00313-00057000-00057159 do you know how much they cost even what
57Q8HSo6NuE-00314-00057160-00057482 the rental fees can be found on our
57Q8HSo6NuE-00315-00057483-00057582 website at
57Q8HSo6NuE-00316-00057583-00058038 york.edu so it's leadhogs.uart.edu okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-00317-00058039-00058142 thank you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00318-00058144-00058279 and they come with a microwave and a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00319-00058279-00058479 fridge all in one unit it's pretty it's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00320-00058479-00058679 a really nice deal if you ask me
57Q8HSo6NuE-00321-00058679-00058791 but like i said we have some conference
57Q8HSo6NuE-00322-00058791-00059023 spaces um and then to my right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00323-00059024-00059511 is the dining room in the dining area of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00324-00059512-00059847 fulbright dining it's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00325-00059848-00059999 it's a really good place to eat it's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00326-00060000-00060126 probably one of my favorite places to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00327-00060127-00060247 eat on campus
57Q8HSo6NuE-00328-00060248-00060382 i mean there's really no bad place to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00329-00060383-00060559 eat on campus but
57Q8HSo6NuE-00330-00060560-00060735 this i've i've always enjoyed eating in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00331-00060736-00060903 fulbright there's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00332-00060904-00061230 all sorts of stuff there's salad bars
57Q8HSo6NuE-00333-00061232-00061535 there's salad and usually a grill option
57Q8HSo6NuE-00334-00061536-00061871 um there's a pasta there's a pasta bar
57Q8HSo6NuE-00335-00061872-00062191 um there's a healthy food station um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00336-00062191-00062382 and then there's usually some other uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00337-00062383-00062591 typically some sort of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00338-00062591-00062894 um international cuisine
57Q8HSo6NuE-00339-00062895-00063047 and then usually some sort of what they
57Q8HSo6NuE-00340-00063048-00063166 would call i think they call it like a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00341-00063167-00063254 home style
57Q8HSo6NuE-00342-00063255-00063494 like uh like a i'll try to get the right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00343-00063495-00063638 word but yeah like our home style
57Q8HSo6NuE-00344-00063639-00063799 lots of different selections there now
57Q8HSo6NuE-00345-00063800-00063975 there will be some changes due to covet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00346-00063976-00064175 19 this year
57Q8HSo6NuE-00347-00064176-00064359 but the food will still be real good
57Q8HSo6NuE-00348-00064360-00064511 it's just they're going to basically
57Q8HSo6NuE-00349-00064512-00064623 encourage you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00350-00064624-00064950 to use an online place to choose your
57Q8HSo6NuE-00351-00064951-00065191 food and then come pick it up
57Q8HSo6NuE-00352-00065191-00065423 yeah so and and all of north campus
57Q8HSo6NuE-00353-00065424-00065599 comes to this particular location
57Q8HSo6NuE-00354-00065600-00065806 yeah yeah i know this is a pretty large
57Q8HSo6NuE-00355-00065807-00065975 location it's pretty it's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00356-00065976-00066167 it's usually pretty busy in here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00357-00066168-00066279 throughout the whole day
57Q8HSo6NuE-00358-00066280-00066511 i don't i've usually whenever i've ever
57Q8HSo6NuE-00359-00066512-00066655 been on this side of campus
57Q8HSo6NuE-00360-00066656-00066806 when i was maybe on the other side this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00361-00066807-00067023 there was always people in here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00362-00067024-00067175 throughout the whole day up until they
57Q8HSo6NuE-00363-00067176-00067438 closed so is there anything else erica
57Q8HSo6NuE-00364-00067439-00067559 here on the first floor that we want to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00365-00067560-00067615 show
57Q8HSo6NuE-00366-00067616-00067782 showcase in morgan i know it's sort of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00367-00067783-00067975 the main hall if you will yeah i think
57Q8HSo6NuE-00368-00067976-00068206 we've got all the major things in morgan
57Q8HSo6NuE-00369-00068207-00068247 hall
57Q8HSo6NuE-00370-00068248-00068575 okay um that are for showcase i don't
57Q8HSo6NuE-00371-00068576-00068623 know if
57Q8HSo6NuE-00372-00068624-00068743 steve and diamond do you think of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00373-00068744-00068943 anything i could have uh no
57Q8HSo6NuE-00374-00068944-00069223 there's some meeting spaces back there
57Q8HSo6NuE-00375-00069224-00069447 classroom spaces and such yeah yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00376-00069448-00069638 but but we're gonna this year for the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00377-00069639-00069782 first time we're gonna go into gatewood
57Q8HSo6NuE-00378-00069783-00069815 yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00379-00069816-00069959 and take a look in gatewood is look at
57Q8HSo6NuE-00380-00069960-00070294 the residential area as well yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00381-00070295-00070487 so now where are you from i'm originally
57Q8HSo6NuE-00382-00070488-00070679 from vermont that's where i was born and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00383-00070680-00070782 raised
57Q8HSo6NuE-00384-00070783-00070959 i went to a i went to a small private
57Q8HSo6NuE-00385-00070960-00071103 liberal arts college in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00386-00071104-00071343 new hampshire and i actually this is my
57Q8HSo6NuE-00387-00071344-00071519 second professional job
57Q8HSo6NuE-00388-00071520-00071782 i worked at a university um on the coast
57Q8HSo6NuE-00389-00071783-00071831 of maine
57Q8HSo6NuE-00390-00071832-00072126 for about four years so that sounds
57Q8HSo6NuE-00391-00072127-00072238 picturesque
57Q8HSo6NuE-00392-00072239-00072575 yeah no it was great it was awesome um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00393-00072576-00072879 you know i we lived we we lived worked
57Q8HSo6NuE-00394-00072880-00073055 eight miles from the coastline
57Q8HSo6NuE-00395-00073056-00073350 of maine in what they called down east
57Q8HSo6NuE-00396-00073351-00073519 maine
57Q8HSo6NuE-00397-00073520-00073711 for reference it was about not that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00398-00073712-00073887 maybe anyone will be able to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00399-00073888-00074143 know this but i lived about an hour-ish
57Q8HSo6NuE-00400-00074144-00074350 from acadia national park
57Q8HSo6NuE-00401-00074351-00074582 but we also lived about an hour-ish away
57Q8HSo6NuE-00402-00074583-00074759 from the canadian border
57Q8HSo6NuE-00403-00074760-00075062 okay okay very nice um becky is asking
57Q8HSo6NuE-00404-00075063-00075231 will parents be able to eat in the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00405-00075232-00075447 dining hall on move-in day
57Q8HSo6NuE-00406-00075448-00075719 and i mean i think typically the public
57Q8HSo6NuE-00407-00075720-00075799 does have
57Q8HSo6NuE-00408-00075800-00076023 access to it let me get back with you i
57Q8HSo6NuE-00409-00076024-00076150 hate to answer that question and be
57Q8HSo6NuE-00410-00076151-00076255 incorrect so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00411-00076256-00076399 let me try to get back with you becky on
57Q8HSo6NuE-00412-00076400-00076582 the answer to that because this year is
57Q8HSo6NuE-00413-00076583-00076743 just a little different than normal
57Q8HSo6NuE-00414-00076744-00076975 so yeah that's a that feels like a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00415-00076976-00077103 chartwells thing i don't know what their
57Q8HSo6NuE-00416-00077104-00077231 plans are for
57Q8HSo6NuE-00417-00077232-00077726 yeah well we'll ask and find out
57Q8HSo6NuE-00418-00077727-00077999 so back under the pergola again yeah and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00419-00078000-00078199 it's kind of a warm day here in arkansas
57Q8HSo6NuE-00420-00078200-00078391 in the ozark mountains
57Q8HSo6NuE-00421-00078392-00078494 i was looking i think the weather
57Q8HSo6NuE-00422-00078495-00078694 channel said it was like 91-ish
57Q8HSo6NuE-00423-00078695-00078926 or something like that so it's pretty
57Q8HSo6NuE-00424-00078927-00079143 warm for it's a it's a it's a nice day
57Q8HSo6NuE-00425-00079144-00079399 it is freeze too though it is it is and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00426-00079400-00079550 our excitement in the last two days has
57Q8HSo6NuE-00427-00079551-00079647 been that we've had a little
57Q8HSo6NuE-00428-00079648-00079911 black bear wandering around our campus
57Q8HSo6NuE-00429-00079912-00080023 that is not typical
57Q8HSo6NuE-00430-00080024-00080503 but it's been an interesting thing
57Q8HSo6NuE-00431-00080504-00080823 um so this is the first floor
57Q8HSo6NuE-00432-00080824-00081150 of gatewood um hall like i mentioned
57Q8HSo6NuE-00433-00081151-00081287 over in morgan we have
57Q8HSo6NuE-00434-00081288-00081711 a recycling area for plastics aluminums
57Q8HSo6NuE-00435-00081712-00081879 papers and then we have our cardboards
57Q8HSo6NuE-00436-00081880-00081975 here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00437-00081976-00082159 the thing with cardboard is please
57Q8HSo6NuE-00438-00082160-00082343 remember to break down your cardboard
57Q8HSo6NuE-00439-00082344-00082582 and that any we can't we can't recycle
57Q8HSo6NuE-00440-00082583-00082694 cardboard that has
57Q8HSo6NuE-00441-00082695-00083031 any food waste in it so pizza boxes
57Q8HSo6NuE-00442-00083032-00083271 and like to-go boxes and stuff like that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00443-00083272-00083471 are just not able to be recycled
57Q8HSo6NuE-00444-00083472-00083638 so it's a pizza box a lot of grease in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00445-00083639-00083799 it just throw it away
57Q8HSo6NuE-00446-00083800-00084047 yeah please break it down before you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00447-00084048-00084150 throw it away but yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00448-00084151-00084367 it it needs to be just thrown away
57Q8HSo6NuE-00449-00084368-00084543 unfortunately
57Q8HSo6NuE-00450-00084544-00084894 um so there are so there are
57Q8HSo6NuE-00451-00084895-00085206 four uh laundry rooms there are one
57Q8HSo6NuE-00452-00085207-00085375 there is one here in gatewood
57Q8HSo6NuE-00453-00085376-00085679 one in harding and then get clark and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00454-00085680-00085806 morgan
57Q8HSo6NuE-00455-00085807-00086111 uh share two um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00456-00086112-00086335 so but they're all pretty large rooms
57Q8HSo6NuE-00457-00086336-00086526 they have they have plenty of machines
57Q8HSo6NuE-00458-00086527-00086694 for everybody to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00459-00086695-00086862 to use them but i will we will talk
57Q8HSo6NuE-00460-00086863-00086975 about a little bit maybe when we go in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00461-00086976-00087111 there but making sure you have the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00462-00087112-00087247 laundry alert app
57Q8HSo6NuE-00463-00087248-00087447 um and getting that and using that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00464-00087448-00087623 because one you can find out
57Q8HSo6NuE-00465-00087624-00087815 a lot of information about when's the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00466-00087816-00087967 best time to use the washers but how
57Q8HSo6NuE-00467-00087968-00088135 much time is left on a washer or dryer
57Q8HSo6NuE-00468-00088136-00088287 and you can even set alerts for yourself
57Q8HSo6NuE-00469-00088288-00088423 to remember to give
57Q8HSo6NuE-00470-00088424-00088694 to get your stuff too and your laundry
57Q8HSo6NuE-00471-00088695-00088855 is covered under your housing fees
57Q8HSo6NuE-00472-00088856-00089071 so no need to bring lots of quarters
57Q8HSo6NuE-00473-00089072-00089247 from home yeah no need for the quarters
57Q8HSo6NuE-00474-00089248-00089382 the bags of quarters like i had
57Q8HSo6NuE-00475-00089383-00089494 actually we didn't have that in my
57Q8HSo6NuE-00476-00089495-00089687 school we had a we had a card you could
57Q8HSo6NuE-00477-00089688-00089799 put dollars on like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00478-00089800-00090182 dollar bills
57Q8HSo6NuE-00479-00090183-00090511 but yeah so this is the laundry room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00480-00090512-00090775 uh we have we have washers here dryers
57Q8HSo6NuE-00481-00090776-00091118 here a little folding table behind me
57Q8HSo6NuE-00482-00091119-00091326 and then there is the app that i was
57Q8HSo6NuE-00483-00091327-00091471 talking about
57Q8HSo6NuE-00484-00091472-00091655 um the really nice thing about the the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00485-00091656-00091775 app does a couple of things
57Q8HSo6NuE-00486-00091776-00092062 outside of just tracking it also lets
57Q8HSo6NuE-00487-00092063-00092126 you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00488-00092127-00092350 send an email he lets you send a work
57Q8HSo6NuE-00489-00092351-00092559 order straight to the company
57Q8HSo6NuE-00490-00092560-00092799 who services the machines for us so you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00491-00092800-00092894 don't have to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00492-00092895-00093023 if you see something wrong with it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00493-00093024-00093199 please if something is wrong with the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00494-00093200-00093406 with the machines please let them know
57Q8HSo6NuE-00495-00093407-00093535 because they get out here pretty
57Q8HSo6NuE-00496-00093536-00093647 they want to get out here quickly make
57Q8HSo6NuE-00497-00093648-00093791 sure all of our machines are up and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00498-00093792-00093943 running
57Q8HSo6NuE-00499-00093944-00094255 great it's as easy as just scanning a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00500-00094256-00094438 little qr code that's on every one of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00501-00094439-00094638 them
57Q8HSo6NuE-00502-00094639-00094871 all the machines have a qr code code
57Q8HSo6NuE-00503-00094872-00094959 okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-00504-00094960-00095287 thank you very much and then
57Q8HSo6NuE-00505-00095288-00095606 around the corner is a kitchen now does
57Q8HSo6NuE-00506-00095607-00095743 this building have an ice machine or do
57Q8HSo6NuE-00507-00095744-00095862 you have to go to uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00508-00095863-00096055 they should have one morgan we should
57Q8HSo6NuE-00509-00096056-00096182 have one when we turn
57Q8HSo6NuE-00510-00096183-00096423 they should be in here yeah they're
57Q8HSo6NuE-00511-00096424-00096606 right here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00512-00096607-00096838 so we have vending machines um ice
57Q8HSo6NuE-00513-00096839-00096926 machine
57Q8HSo6NuE-00514-00096927-00097167 stuff like that and uh coat stoves
57Q8HSo6NuE-00515-00097168-00098079 kitchen stuff like that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00516-00098080-00098335 yeah and do people use these kitchens
57Q8HSo6NuE-00517-00098336-00098574 yeah they're usually well used um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00518-00098575-00098838 just because you know it sometimes
57Q8HSo6NuE-00519-00098839-00098991 people like to be able to make things
57Q8HSo6NuE-00520-00098992-00099294 that are out like outside of the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00521-00099295-00099447 you know the dining hall you may have
57Q8HSo6NuE-00522-00099448-00099606 wanted like breakfast for dinner
57Q8HSo6NuE-00523-00099607-00099711 and they weren't doing breakfast for
57Q8HSo6NuE-00524-00099712-00099918 dinner breakfast for dinner i like it i
57Q8HSo6NuE-00525-00099919-00099959 love
57Q8HSo6NuE-00526-00099960-00100071 breakfast dinner is probably one of my
57Q8HSo6NuE-00527-00100072-00100223 favorite meals so i'm not gonna pretend
57Q8HSo6NuE-00528-00100224-00100399 that i don't enjoy eating you know
57Q8HSo6NuE-00529-00100400-00100735 pancakes at whatever time feels like a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00530-00100736-00101010 little chaos in the universe um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00531-00101011-00101126 [Music]
57Q8HSo6NuE-00532-00101127-00101311 yeah so that this is our kitchen there
57Q8HSo6NuE-00533-00101312-00101543 are kitchens in the other buildings also
57Q8HSo6NuE-00534-00101544-00101831 um outside of the dining halls okay so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00535-00101832-00101982 shall we head up to a floor and look at
57Q8HSo6NuE-00536-00101983-00102062 some of the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00537-00102063-00102255 things what floor are we going up to uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00538-00102256-00102423 we'll be going up to the second floor
57Q8HSo6NuE-00539-00102424-00102630 um each of the building has four each
57Q8HSo6NuE-00540-00102631-00102823 building has four floors so it's kind of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00541-00102824-00103142 easy the quad has four floors the quad
57Q8HSo6NuE-00542-00103143-00103302 is four buildings and four floors in all
57Q8HSo6NuE-00543-00103303-00103454 of our buildings so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00544-00103455-00103799 great yeah and some of the rooms have
57Q8HSo6NuE-00545-00103800-00103871 four people
57Q8HSo6NuE-00546-00103872-00104175 yes yes all the way we have sweet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00547-00104176-00104493 buildings
57Q8HSo6NuE-00548-00104494-00105110 [Music]
57Q8HSo6NuE-00549-00105111-00105375 so when you came to northwest arkansas
57Q8HSo6NuE-00550-00105376-00105519 uh what was something that stood out to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00551-00105520-00105719 you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00552-00105720-00106039 um i really oh man i don't really
57Q8HSo6NuE-00553-00106040-00106199 remember it was such a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00554-00106200-00106415 it was not a long time ago it was a very
57Q8HSo6NuE-00555-00106416-00106599 busy day very very busy day
57Q8HSo6NuE-00556-00106600-00106854 sure my first experience at the end like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00557-00106855-00106975 you know coming in for interviews and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00558-00106976-00107151 stuff like that was kind of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00559-00107152-00107366 um but i do remember it was very very
57Q8HSo6NuE-00560-00107367-00107527 hot compared to where i lived at the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00561-00107528-00107631 time like it was probably the same
57Q8HSo6NuE-00562-00107632-00107758 temperature as now which i'm much more
57Q8HSo6NuE-00563-00107759-00107878 accustomed to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00564-00107879-00108239 um right now we are in a lounge area
57Q8HSo6NuE-00565-00108240-00108439 of morgan each of the buildings again
57Q8HSo6NuE-00566-00108440-00108631 kind of have similar setups like this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00567-00108632-00108895 where they have some seating and some
57Q8HSo6NuE-00568-00108896-00109047 a tv and stuff like that and you can
57Q8HSo6NuE-00569-00109048-00109199 come out and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00570-00109200-00109375 uh if you don't want to hang out with if
57Q8HSo6NuE-00571-00109376-00109502 you want to come out maybe do studying
57Q8HSo6NuE-00572-00109503-00109590 outside of your
57Q8HSo6NuE-00573-00109591-00109775 room outside of your room or if you've
57Q8HSo6NuE-00574-00109776-00109966 got friends in other suites and you just
57Q8HSo6NuE-00575-00109967-00110134 don't want to be in a suite together but
57Q8HSo6NuE-00576-00110135-00110254 you want to be out here and still hang
57Q8HSo6NuE-00577-00110255-00110295 out
57Q8HSo6NuE-00578-00110296-00110599 totally can um cable and all that stuff
57Q8HSo6NuE-00579-00110600-00110927 great this is on every floor yes okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-00580-00110928-00111431 yep uh we'll head down to the room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00581-00111432-00111607 no no questions yet but now is a great
57Q8HSo6NuE-00582-00111608-00111758 time to start asking these questions as
57Q8HSo6NuE-00583-00111759-00111831 we
57Q8HSo6NuE-00584-00111832-00112031 as we look at the different amenities on
57Q8HSo6NuE-00585-00112032-00112199 the second floor
57Q8HSo6NuE-00586-00112200-00112551 of gatewood
57Q8HSo6NuE-00587-00112552-00112895 sorry we got the nice blue carpet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00588-00112896-00113207 um so in each of the buildings we can
57Q8HSo6NuE-00589-00113208-00113310 talk about when you go in the suite
57Q8HSo6NuE-00590-00113311-00113447 because you'll it'll be the most obvious
57Q8HSo6NuE-00591-00113448-00113607 when you get into those suites
57Q8HSo6NuE-00592-00113608-00113966 is that each suite in room has
57Q8HSo6NuE-00593-00113967-00114102 more or less what's called an accent
57Q8HSo6NuE-00594-00114103-00114271 wall which is a different color
57Q8HSo6NuE-00595-00114272-00114590 here in gatewood they will all be blue
57Q8HSo6NuE-00596-00114591-00114727 it changes depending on the building
57Q8HSo6NuE-00597-00114728-00114983 that you're in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00598-00114983-00115302 parting is red clark is orange and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00599-00115303-00115423 morgan is green
57Q8HSo6NuE-00600-00115424-00115558 and you can find all of those accent
57Q8HSo6NuE-00601-00115559-00115758 colors and including the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00602-00115759-00116007 numeric value of them on the housing
57Q8HSo6NuE-00603-00116008-00116110 website
57Q8HSo6NuE-00604-00116111-00116334 um so we came into the common space of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00605-00116335-00116486 the suite so this is a space that is
57Q8HSo6NuE-00606-00116488-00116710 shared with by all four of the residents
57Q8HSo6NuE-00607-00116711-00117031 um of the of the suite there is this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00608-00117032-00117199 countertop right here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00609-00117200-00117415 um with some bar stool seating and then
57Q8HSo6NuE-00610-00117416-00117502 some under
57Q8HSo6NuE-00611-00117503-00117678 the counter shelving and then a cabinet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00612-00117679-00117847 that hangs above
57Q8HSo6NuE-00613-00117848-00118143 um this is pretty stan this is what will
57Q8HSo6NuE-00614-00118144-00118295 be found in all suites that are set up
57Q8HSo6NuE-00615-00118296-00118439 like this in four person suites hey
57Q8HSo6NuE-00616-00118440-00118663 steven
57Q8HSo6NuE-00617-00118664-00118958 uh there's a love seat couch um account
57Q8HSo6NuE-00618-00118959-00119127 a coffee table
57Q8HSo6NuE-00619-00119128-00119334 um an entertainment stand or
57Q8HSo6NuE-00620-00119335-00119463 entertainment table and then
57Q8HSo6NuE-00621-00119464-00119775 a another seat right there so this is
57Q8HSo6NuE-00622-00119776-00119958 pretty much this will be what you'd see
57Q8HSo6NuE-00623-00119959-00120151 in any of your residence halls
57Q8HSo6NuE-00624-00120152-00120486 um like i said minus the the accent wall
57Q8HSo6NuE-00625-00120488-00120647 is a little bit different
57Q8HSo6NuE-00626-00120648-00120966 um and we'll go so the build so it sets
57Q8HSo6NuE-00627-00120967-00121143 up like this is that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00628-00121144-00121383 when you come in to your right or left
57Q8HSo6NuE-00629-00121383-00121534 will be two rooms
57Q8HSo6NuE-00630-00121535-00121727 in a bathroom and we'll show you guys
57Q8HSo6NuE-00631-00121728-00121943 that but so two residents live here and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00632-00121944-00122158 two residents live over here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00633-00122159-00122407 um and they share the sort of the space
57Q8HSo6NuE-00634-00122408-00122502 with another like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00635-00122503-00122734 the it splits the suite basically in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00636-00122735-00122839 half
57Q8HSo6NuE-00637-00122840-00123086 um left left or right which where are we
57Q8HSo6NuE-00638-00123088-00123214 going we'll go this way
57Q8HSo6NuE-00639-00123215-00123543 okay we'll go right yes
57Q8HSo6NuE-00640-00123544-00123895 um so in the quad
57Q8HSo6NuE-00641-00123896-00124263 we have each of the four residents are
57Q8HSo6NuE-00642-00124264-00124519 um your room is assigned also one of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00643-00124520-00124695 these closets
57Q8HSo6NuE-00644-00124696-00124934 that is locked it is lockable and it is
57Q8HSo6NuE-00645-00124935-00125119 only accessible by you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00646-00125120-00125447 um but it is a fairly large closet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00647-00125448-00125599 and this is outside of the space that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00648-00125600-00125751 you have in your individual room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00649-00125752-00126047 yes yes yeah yeah this is in the hallway
57Q8HSo6NuE-00650-00126048-00126119 um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00651-00126120-00126334 oh it will go into your room in a second
57Q8HSo6NuE-00652-00126335-00126471 and show you that but there
57Q8HSo6NuE-00653-00126472-00126710 this is outside of it so you can if you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00654-00126711-00126871 if you're one of those people who
57Q8HSo6NuE-00655-00126872-00127047 has summer clothes and winter clothes
57Q8HSo6NuE-00656-00127048-00127183 and spring clothes and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00657-00127183-00127334 you can change those out and maybe keep
57Q8HSo6NuE-00658-00127335-00127478 what you need in your room and keep this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00659-00127479-00127614 as sort of a secondary
57Q8HSo6NuE-00660-00127615-00127943 storage space thanks
57Q8HSo6NuE-00661-00127944-00128383 um we'll go over here is that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00662-00128383-00128695 um each
57Q8HSo6NuE-00663-00128696-00128934 of the sides has a vanity that comes
57Q8HSo6NuE-00664-00128935-00129086 with two sinks
57Q8HSo6NuE-00665-00129088-00129414 um two towel bars two outlets and two
57Q8HSo6NuE-00666-00129415-00129454 under
57Q8HSo6NuE-00667-00129455-00129719 the sink sort of uh storage arrays so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00668-00129720-00129910 you have your own sink
57Q8HSo6NuE-00669-00129911-00130143 um for this for yourself your own
57Q8HSo6NuE-00670-00130144-00130283 individual sink
57Q8HSo6NuE-00671-00130283-00130678 yeah and then behind me is the bathroom
57Q8HSo6NuE-00672-00130679-00130990 um it is more or less a standard
57Q8HSo6NuE-00673-00130991-00131143 bathroom we had a couple questions let's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00674-00131144-00131287 catch up with those real quick
57Q8HSo6NuE-00675-00131288-00131502 um paula asked are all the floors
57Q8HSo6NuE-00676-00131503-00131743 hardwood or tile
57Q8HSo6NuE-00677-00131744-00131919 and you know if they're different in the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00678-00131920-00132039 different halls or if they're pretty
57Q8HSo6NuE-00679-00132040-00132119 consistent
57Q8HSo6NuE-00680-00132120-00132327 they should all be tile and like vinyl
57Q8HSo6NuE-00681-00132328-00132439 planking yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00682-00132440-00132654 yeah the the that yeah that that what
57Q8HSo6NuE-00683-00132655-00132807 looks maybe like hardwood is actually
57Q8HSo6NuE-00684-00132808-00132959 vinyl plain
57Q8HSo6NuE-00685-00132960-00133166 vinyl planking is that what's called
57Q8HSo6NuE-00686-00133167-00133351 yeah it's it's it's on our website it's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00687-00133352-00133519 detailed what it is but it looks like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00688-00133520-00133631 hardwood yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00689-00133632-00133887 um and then heather asked what is the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00690-00133888-00134039 depth of the closet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00691-00134040-00134199 we'll be sure we get that dimension here
57Q8HSo6NuE-00692-00134200-00134431 in a second do we have the tape measure
57Q8HSo6NuE-00693-00134432-00134678 yeah okay i'm gonna assume it's a pretty
57Q8HSo6NuE-00694-00134679-00134951 standard
57Q8HSo6NuE-00695-00134952-00135263 i can see here so to the frame it's a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00696-00135264-00135431 towel
57Q8HSo6NuE-00697-00135432-00135790 yeah it's about just under two feet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00698-00135791-00135983 just under two feet is the depth of the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00699-00135984-00136135 closet in the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00700-00136136-00136447 kind of bathroom area yeah and then
57Q8HSo6NuE-00701-00136448-00136847 um becky asked are there two closets
57Q8HSo6NuE-00702-00136848-00137159 in the bathroom and um i think we're
57Q8HSo6NuE-00703-00137160-00137351 talking about these closets and yes
57Q8HSo6NuE-00704-00137352-00137551 there's one closet per person who would
57Q8HSo6NuE-00705-00137552-00137743 share this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00706-00137744-00137959 uh marilyn asks so two people share that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00707-00137960-00138183 closet in the bathroom uh yeah there's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00708-00138184-00138311 there are two closets let's just make
57Q8HSo6NuE-00709-00138312-00138478 sure we show that yeah there it's you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00710-00138479-00138559 don't share
57Q8HSo6NuE-00711-00138560-00138790 like this closet would be for the person
57Q8HSo6NuE-00712-00138791-00138951 in the e space
57Q8HSo6NuE-00713-00138952-00139102 this one would be for the person this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00714-00139103-00139254 one would be for the person in the f
57Q8HSo6NuE-00715-00139255-00139454 space
57Q8HSo6NuE-00716-00139455-00139671 so they're they're not they're not
57Q8HSo6NuE-00717-00139672-00139871 shared they are your own individual ones
57Q8HSo6NuE-00718-00139872-00139911 you ha
57Q8HSo6NuE-00719-00139912-00140111 you are the only one who has a key to it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00720-00140112-00140231 you're the only when it locks
57Q8HSo6NuE-00721-00140232-00140447 you lock it up and if i'm right then
57Q8HSo6NuE-00722-00140448-00140751 it's keyed up here too so you see
57Q8HSo6NuE-00723-00140752-00141143 that designation does it say 203c on one
57Q8HSo6NuE-00724-00141144-00141223 of these things
57Q8HSo6NuE-00725-00141224-00141543 oh no okay they're they're labeled by
57Q8HSo6NuE-00726-00141544-00141599 door number
57Q8HSo6NuE-00727-00141600-00141766 but it's just how they connect to each
57Q8HSo6NuE-00728-00141767-00141951 other okay yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00729-00141952-00142119 usually it's this one to this one and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00730-00142120-00142271 that one to this one
57Q8HSo6NuE-00731-00142272-00142399 our pleasure becky thanks for asking
57Q8HSo6NuE-00732-00142400-00142502 that question that was a good one to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00733-00142503-00142631 know whether there's actually
57Q8HSo6NuE-00734-00142632-00142926 two closets one per student external to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00735-00142927-00142999 the hat to the room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00736-00143000-00143319 itself yeah okay cool what's next
57Q8HSo6NuE-00737-00143320-00143654 uh bathroom yeah so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00738-00143655-00143911 it it's a it's your standard bathroom
57Q8HSo6NuE-00739-00143912-00144071 it's a standard bathroom yep you have
57Q8HSo6NuE-00740-00144072-00144183 your toilet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00741-00144184-00144343 sink or not sink that's not a sink
57Q8HSo6NuE-00742-00144344-00144487 that's a shower
57Q8HSo6NuE-00743-00144488-00144695 and then uh two towel bars because
57Q8HSo6NuE-00744-00144696-00144839 there's two residents who share this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00745-00144840-00144943 bathroom
57Q8HSo6NuE-00746-00144944-00145111 so yes this will be shared by two
57Q8HSo6NuE-00747-00145112-00145375 residents uh who live in this side of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00748-00145376-00145487 the room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00749-00145488-00145614 and let me get in the bathroom for a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00750-00145615-00146278 second let people take a look
57Q8HSo6NuE-00751-00146279-00146423 and one thing i should definitely point
57Q8HSo6NuE-00752-00146424-00146671 out is that if you're in a suite like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00753-00146672-00146799 this
57Q8HSo6NuE-00754-00146800-00146990 housing does not clean these bathrooms
57Q8HSo6NuE-00755-00146991-00147111 for you daily
57Q8HSo6NuE-00756-00147112-00147414 yes um that is going to be
57Q8HSo6NuE-00757-00147415-00147559 up to the residents yes it's on the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00758-00147560-00147726 residents to clean they don't come into
57Q8HSo6NuE-00759-00147727-00147895 your space to clean them
57Q8HSo6NuE-00760-00147896-00148254 um so please bring work out with
57Q8HSo6NuE-00761-00148255-00148343 yourselves with your
57Q8HSo6NuE-00762-00148344-00148526 with your roommates and stuff on how you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00763-00148527-00148623 want to go through your cleaning
57Q8HSo6NuE-00764-00148624-00148702 schedule
57Q8HSo6NuE-00765-00148703-00148847 you there there is a time for that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00766-00148848-00149071 conversation that we'll have with your
57Q8HSo6NuE-00767-00149072-00149126 ra
57Q8HSo6NuE-00768-00149127-00149278 and your roommates and stuff like that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00769-00149279-00149414 on a cleaning schedule and stuff like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00770-00149415-00149575 that as we make a roommate agreement and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00771-00149576-00149663 stuff like that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00772-00149664-00149847 uh lori lori mentions that on the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00773-00149848-00150102 website with harding's accent wall
57Q8HSo6NuE-00774-00150103-00150319 we say it's gray but we might have said
57Q8HSo6NuE-00775-00150320-00150495 it was red i
57Q8HSo6NuE-00776-00150496-00150814 the website has the accurate information
57Q8HSo6NuE-00777-00150815-00151151 um and i think it has been
57Q8HSo6NuE-00778-00151152-00151311 yeah so it's going to say whatever it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00779-00151312-00151495 says there i'll i'll confirm to make
57Q8HSo6NuE-00780-00151496-00151599 sure
57Q8HSo6NuE-00781-00151600-00151839 if i i know the carpeting is red yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00782-00151840-00151975 yes the carpet may be a different color
57Q8HSo6NuE-00783-00151976-00152095 but the accent walls
57Q8HSo6NuE-00784-00152096-00152351 should be accurate on the website um i'm
57Q8HSo6NuE-00785-00152352-00152471 pretty i'm 95
57Q8HSo6NuE-00786-00152472-00152599 sure because we updated it just not too
57Q8HSo6NuE-00787-00152600-00152878 long ago um a couple more questions that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00788-00152879-00152951 are coming in
57Q8HSo6NuE-00789-00152952-00153214 emma asked what is the width between the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00790-00153215-00153414 edge of the towel rack
57Q8HSo6NuE-00791-00153415-00153726 and the door frame so the edge of the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00792-00153727-00153799 towel rack
57Q8HSo6NuE-00793-00153800-00154214 and the door frame
57Q8HSo6NuE-00794-00154215-00154526 about six inches like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00795-00154527-00154790 seven seven about seven inches right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00796-00154791-00155190 there
57Q8HSo6NuE-00797-00155191-00155343 and then jody asks can you measure the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00798-00155344-00155543 toilet area please let's just get
57Q8HSo6NuE-00799-00155544-00155711 a general sort of if we were to draw up
57Q8HSo6NuE-00800-00155712-00156014 a rectangle i guess basically
57Q8HSo6NuE-00801-00156015-00156478 all right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00802-00156479-00156783 so the height will be about uh eight
57Q8HSo6NuE-00803-00156784-00156823 foot
57Q8HSo6NuE-00804-00156824-00157478 seven usually or yeah or we've been
57Q8HSo6NuE-00805-00157479-00158423 so about 89 inches high
57Q8HSo6NuE-00806-00158424-00158735 like 31 inches or so about 31 just
57Q8HSo6NuE-00807-00158736-00159078 under 31 inches 31 inches okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-00808-00159079-00159343 um and that's your what width is that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00809-00159344-00159407 right yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00810-00159408-00159702 okay and then the length from maybe the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00811-00159703-00159814 edge of the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00812-00159815-00160175 tip of the toilet to the to the end
57Q8HSo6NuE-00813-00160176-00160511 like just under 27. he's saying 27
57Q8HSo6NuE-00814-00160512-00160823 okay um and then
57Q8HSo6NuE-00815-00160824-00161031 becky asks are the plastic shower
57Q8HSo6NuE-00816-00161032-00161295 curtains replaced every year
57Q8HSo6NuE-00817-00161296-00161575 um i don't know if they're replaced i
57Q8HSo6NuE-00818-00161576-00161799 don't know the answer to that question
57Q8HSo6NuE-00819-00161800-00161975 they are cleaned for sure are they
57Q8HSo6NuE-00820-00161976-00162135 replaced every year i'm not sure if that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00821-00162136-00162247 is again something
57Q8HSo6NuE-00822-00162248-00162375 got a couple questions we can come back
57Q8HSo6NuE-00823-00162376-00162583 on and get answers for for you on those
57Q8HSo6NuE-00824-00162584-00162671 things
57Q8HSo6NuE-00825-00162672-00162895 uh and so i'll come back and i'll reply
57Q8HSo6NuE-00826-00162896-00163071 as housing to get the answer that's that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00827-00163072-00163126 for you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00828-00163127-00163447 okay a couple more
57Q8HSo6NuE-00829-00163448-00163751 um jody asks do you think that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00830-00163752-00164159 uh an over the toilet storage will fit
57Q8HSo6NuE-00831-00164160-00164478 um something to go over that toilet uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00832-00164479-00164711 i mean i would say most part like it's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00833-00164712-00164847 it's a pretty standard
57Q8HSo6NuE-00834-00164848-00165023 it's a it's a standard toilet so i would
57Q8HSo6NuE-00835-00165024-00165238 assume like what you have at home
57Q8HSo6NuE-00836-00165239-00165471 if you have like as long as it's not too
57Q8HSo6NuE-00837-00165472-00165654 oh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00838-00165655-00166038 um as long as it's not too
57Q8HSo6NuE-00839-00166039-00166375 like i don't know this word
57Q8HSo6NuE-00840-00166376-00166759 deep it should be it should be okay if
57Q8HSo6NuE-00841-00166760-00166807 it's like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00842-00166808-00166919 if it's like a standard one you would
57Q8HSo6NuE-00843-00166920-00167095 have at home let me do this why don't
57Q8HSo6NuE-00844-00167096-00167199 you step out of there for a second i'm
57Q8HSo6NuE-00845-00167200-00167295 gonna give a good
57Q8HSo6NuE-00846-00167296-00167535 good shot of that commode let people
57Q8HSo6NuE-00847-00167536-00168702 make that choice for themselves
57Q8HSo6NuE-00848-00168703-00168878 okay hopefully that helps to figure out
57Q8HSo6NuE-00849-00168879-00169023 if you think you can fit something over
57Q8HSo6NuE-00850-00169024-00169095 there
57Q8HSo6NuE-00851-00169096-00169502 um and let's see
57Q8HSo6NuE-00852-00169503-00169702 hey you've asked where in the um in the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00853-00169703-00169902 hall would room j be
57Q8HSo6NuE-00854-00169903-00170151 on the inside or an inside on the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00855-00170152-00170231 android inside
57Q8HSo6NuE-00856-00170232-00170638 okay uh h and h and j on the other side
57Q8HSo6NuE-00857-00170639-00171063 so as you walk in to the right yes okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-00858-00171064-00171311 and then emma asks um she wants a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00859-00171312-00171407 dimension of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00860-00171408-00171631 the height from the bottom of the lower
57Q8HSo6NuE-00861-00171632-00172983 towel rack and the floor
57Q8HSo6NuE-00862-00172984-00173295 40 40 inches 40 inches there and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00863-00173296-00173478 jody our pleasure thank you we're
57Q8HSo6NuE-00864-00173479-00173607 pleased to get you in the answer you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00865-00173608-00173695 want
57Q8HSo6NuE-00866-00173696-00173902 amy asked what is the width and the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00867-00173903-00173999 depth
57Q8HSo6NuE-00868-00174000-00174302 under the sink
57Q8HSo6NuE-00869-00174303-00174790 oh boy
57Q8HSo6NuE-00870-00174791-00175143 so it's like
57Q8HSo6NuE-00871-00175144-00175478 22 inches 22 inches deep is that right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00872-00175479-00176502 is that what you got
57Q8HSo6NuE-00873-00176503-00176887 just under 29 inches 29 inches across
57Q8HSo6NuE-00874-00176888-00177111 be aware that there is that sink feature
57Q8HSo6NuE-00875-00177112-00177231 there underneath
57Q8HSo6NuE-00876-00177232-00177535 the p-trap yep yep the p-trap is right
57Q8HSo6NuE-00877-00177536-00177599 there so
57Q8HSo6NuE-00878-00177600-00177735 but yeah those are the dimensions for
57Q8HSo6NuE-00879-00177736-00177999 you okay let's head into a room we
57Q8HSo6NuE-00880-00178000-00178247 caught up on our questions yeah yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-00881-00178248-00178543 um so this is the bedroom um so each
57Q8HSo6NuE-00882-00178544-00178678 individual resident has their own
57Q8HSo6NuE-00883-00178679-00178783 bedroom
57Q8HSo6NuE-00884-00178784-00179054 um can you put can you put that chair on
57Q8HSo6NuE-00885-00179055-00179590 the other way um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00886-00179591-00179775 so the furniture is a little bit
57Q8HSo6NuE-00887-00179776-00179926 different in gatewood
57Q8HSo6NuE-00888-00179927-00180199 um the desk there there is a desk that's
57Q8HSo6NuE-00889-00180200-00180254 a little bit
57Q8HSo6NuE-00890-00180255-00180583 longer over in the other buildings
57Q8HSo6NuE-00891-00180584-00180711 so this furniture is a little bit
57Q8HSo6NuE-00892-00180712-00180887 different but for the most part
57Q8HSo6NuE-00893-00180888-00181031 it's gonna have you're gonna have the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00894-00181032-00181223 same
57Q8HSo6NuE-00895-00181224-00181351 like everyone will have the same
57Q8HSo6NuE-00896-00181352-00181519 furniture your desk just looks a little
57Q8HSo6NuE-00897-00181520-00181614 different
57Q8HSo6NuE-00898-00181615-00181975 if that's if that makes sense um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00899-00181976-00182399 so every room has its own wi-fi router
57Q8HSo6NuE-00900-00182400-00182590 has its own dresser three dresser drawer
57Q8HSo6NuE-00901-00182591-00182759 or three drawer dressers
57Q8HSo6NuE-00902-00182760-00183151 um it has its own desk little end table
57Q8HSo6NuE-00903-00183152-00183343 um and then obviously behind me is the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00904-00183344-00183471 bed
57Q8HSo6NuE-00905-00183472-00183775 um the bed frame this is another closet
57Q8HSo6NuE-00906-00183776-00183975 armoire that we were talking about
57Q8HSo6NuE-00907-00183976-00184102 that's inside the room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00908-00184103-00184359 which has a mirror inside yep and then a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00909-00184360-00184519 bulletin board
57Q8HSo6NuE-00910-00184520-00184883 can you open up that a second um side of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00911-00184884-00185351 it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00912-00185352-00185766 excuse me okay well we have a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00913-00185767-00186095 question um from
57Q8HSo6NuE-00914-00186096-00186438 uh debbie who's asking us
57Q8HSo6NuE-00915-00186439-00186743 to measure the couch and chairs
57Q8HSo6NuE-00916-00186744-00186943 in the room um i think we're talking
57Q8HSo6NuE-00917-00186944-00187087 about maybe the couch and chairs
57Q8HSo6NuE-00918-00187088-00187335 in the main room okay maybe the common
57Q8HSo6NuE-00919-00187336-00187414 room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00920-00187415-00187750 and um yeah we can get those
57Q8HSo6NuE-00921-00187751-00187887 and then sarah is walking from white
57Q8HSo6NuE-00922-00187888-00188159 hall yay has a son living in morgan hall
57Q8HSo6NuE-00923-00188160-00188599 okay and um becky asked our bathroom and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00924-00188600-00188695 bedroom doors
57Q8HSo6NuE-00925-00188696-00189083 deeper than normal for door hooks
57Q8HSo6NuE-00926-00189084-00189399 no um
57Q8HSo6NuE-00927-00189400-00189566 you're talking about the width of the of
57Q8HSo6NuE-00928-00189567-00189726 that so can you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00929-00189727-00190111 can you give them that
57Q8HSo6NuE-00930-00190112-00190438 what's that probably a couple inches two
57Q8HSo6NuE-00931-00190439-00190790 i think that's two inches okay so two
57Q8HSo6NuE-00932-00190791-00190831 inches
57Q8HSo6NuE-00933-00190832-00191031 is maybe a little thicker than a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00934-00191032-00191143 residential like you're
57Q8HSo6NuE-00935-00191144-00191335 like your standard interior door in a
57Q8HSo6NuE-00936-00191336-00191559 home but not by much it's about two
57Q8HSo6NuE-00937-00191560-00191599 inches
57Q8HSo6NuE-00938-00191600-00192007 so okay so we're doing
57Q8HSo6NuE-00939-00192008-00192135 we're going to go out and do the common
57Q8HSo6NuE-00940-00192136-00192383 area real quick
57Q8HSo6NuE-00941-00192384-00192766 we are doing couch and chairs in the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00942-00192767-00192966 room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00943-00192967-00193175 sorry the cushions the cushions on the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00944-00193176-00193302 couch and chairs
57Q8HSo6NuE-00945-00193303-00193678 okay uh so cushion
57Q8HSo6NuE-00946-00193679-00193877 is about
57Q8HSo6NuE-00947-00193878-00194071 [Music]
57Q8HSo6NuE-00948-00194072-00194407 about 34 inches wide and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00949-00194408-00194743 about 21 inches deep 24
57Q8HSo6NuE-00950-00194744-00195087 sorry how would you say 24 21 34 34
57Q8HSo6NuE-00951-00195088-00195278 21 is that right and then can you give
57Q8HSo6NuE-00952-00195279-00195495 me the depth of it as well
57Q8HSo6NuE-00953-00195496-00195799 oh um i mean the other the the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00954-00195800-00196364 oh this yes that one please
57Q8HSo6NuE-00955-00196365-00196719 [Music]
57Q8HSo6NuE-00956-00196720-00197054 okay so 34 21
57Q8HSo6NuE-00957-00197055-00197238 and a half okay five and a half inches
57Q8HSo6NuE-00958-00197239-00197326 sorry for the little technical
57Q8HSo6NuE-00959-00197327-00197487 difficulty there
57Q8HSo6NuE-00960-00197488-00197496 and
57Q8HSo6NuE-00961-00197497-00197950 [Music]
57Q8HSo6NuE-00962-00197951-00198271 about 24 inches wide
57Q8HSo6NuE-00963-00198272-00198599 uh about 21 inches deep
57Q8HSo6NuE-00964-00198600-00198926 and then uh again about five and a half
57Q8HSo6NuE-00965-00198927-00198999 inches thick
57Q8HSo6NuE-00966-00199000-00199302 okay great thank you thank you very much
57Q8HSo6NuE-00967-00199303-00199614 all right um emma asked what are the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00968-00199615-00199807 dimensions of the desks
57Q8HSo6NuE-00969-00199808-00199959 okay so we'll head back into the common
57Q8HSo6NuE-00970-00199960-00201311 area the individual room
57Q8HSo6NuE-00971-00201312-00201614 uh about about 24 inches okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-00972-00201615-00201887 20 and that would be for this for the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00973-00201888-00201943 dresser
57Q8HSo6NuE-00974-00201944-00202271 and for the end table tube so they
57Q8HSo6NuE-00975-00202272-00202702 kind of are a box group too so 24 inches
57Q8HSo6NuE-00976-00202703-00203047 um and then is the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00977-00203048-00203471 is the width of it the length of it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00978-00203472-00203790 so which which one was 24 inches
57Q8HSo6NuE-00979-00203791-00204102 okay okay gotcha and then across
57Q8HSo6NuE-00980-00204103-00204463 across the desk is
57Q8HSo6NuE-00981-00204464-00204831 about 32 inches 32 inches okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-00982-00204832-00205182 great okay um ginger asks and i've got
57Q8HSo6NuE-00983-00205183-00205310 you in the sun back there so i'll just
57Q8HSo6NuE-00984-00205311-00205486 step right there yeah thank you
57Q8HSo6NuE-00985-00205487-00205806 um uh jinger asked my son wants to loft
57Q8HSo6NuE-00986-00205807-00205951 his bed and put a futon underneath the
57Q8HSo6NuE-00987-00205952-00205998 bed
57Q8HSo6NuE-00988-00206000-00206166 can i get the measurements to know what
57Q8HSo6NuE-00989-00206167-00206334 size futon
57Q8HSo6NuE-00990-00206335-00206662 to uh to buy so you would basically
57Q8HSo6NuE-00991-00206663-00206886 need to be shy of what the mattress size
57Q8HSo6NuE-00992-00206887-00206982 is right now
57Q8HSo6NuE-00993-00206983-00207327 or even the bed frame yeah uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-00994-00207328-00207631 oh boy
57Q8HSo6NuE-00995-00207632-00207919 i don't quite have a long enough arms to
57Q8HSo6NuE-00996-00207919-00208094 do it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00997-00208096-00208406 yeah yeah i would say frame to frame
57Q8HSo6NuE-00998-00208407-00208742 so just under i would say keep it
57Q8HSo6NuE-00999-00208744-00209127 under about 83 inches under 83 inches
57Q8HSo6NuE-01000-00209128-00209182 should work
57Q8HSo6NuE-01001-00209183-00209375 as far as width goes in height these
57Q8HSo6NuE-01002-00209376-00209623 things go pretty high
57Q8HSo6NuE-01003-00209623-00209846 maximum height i can't remember offhand
57Q8HSo6NuE-01004-00209848-00209934 but it's
57Q8HSo6NuE-01005-00209935-00210103 considerable certainly nothing that you
57Q8HSo6NuE-01006-00210104-00210287 would have a problem with uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-01007-00210288-00210623 getting a futon underneath yeah um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01008-00210623-00210855 i believe if you want to move in the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01009-00210856-00210975 housing website for move
57Q8HSo6NuE-01010-00210976-00211191 in you can also put a work request in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01011-00211192-00211358 yeah in fact that was the next question
57Q8HSo6NuE-01012-00211359-00211663 that's a great segue i just got that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01013-00211664-00211839 question about do i need to apply for
57Q8HSo6NuE-01014-00211840-00211982 loft raising correct
57Q8HSo6NuE-01015-00211983-00212287 um you here i don't think you absolutely
57Q8HSo6NuE-01016-00212288-00212358 have to
57Q8HSo6NuE-01017-00212359-00212534 but we do recommend it i would for the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01018-00212535-00212767 other for some of the like this
57Q8HSo6NuE-01019-00212767-00213071 you do to get the materials because like
57Q8HSo6NuE-01020-00213071-00213223 they're it like if you've been inside oh
57Q8HSo6NuE-01021-00213223-00213334 i see i see what you're saying yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-01022-00213335-00213487 there is the materials are already in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01023-00213488-00213567 the halls
57Q8HSo6NuE-01024-00213567-00213710 we don't have the materials in the halls
57Q8HSo6NuE-01025-00213711-00213910 to do that and then for some of the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01026-00213911-00213958 bigger
57Q8HSo6NuE-01027-00213959-00214142 like the desks that i was talking about
57Q8HSo6NuE-01028-00214144-00214319 basically your desk
57Q8HSo6NuE-01029-00214319-00214606 in like morgan sits on a bed frame that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01030-00214607-00214806 they just use to lift up
57Q8HSo6NuE-01031-00214807-00214998 the like they can lift up the bed with
57Q8HSo6NuE-01032-00215000-00215175 that so
57Q8HSo6NuE-01033-00215176-00215446 that is kind of heavy and cumbersome and
57Q8HSo6NuE-01034-00215448-00215567 you probably don't want to do that on
57Q8HSo6NuE-01035-00215567-00215782 your own so if you do go to the it goes
57Q8HSo6NuE-01036-00215783-00215863 housing
57Q8HSo6NuE-01037-00215864-00216246 is it movement.edu forward slash fix it
57Q8HSo6NuE-01038-00216248-00216598 fix it fix it we'll get you there where
57Q8HSo6NuE-01039-00216600-00216767 you can make a work request
57Q8HSo6NuE-01040-00216767-00216919 and yeah we recommend that you do in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01041-00216919-00217063 fact make a work request in this hall
57Q8HSo6NuE-01042-00217064-00217239 especially yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-01043-00217240-00217463 um one thing i one thing i would say is
57Q8HSo6NuE-01044-00217464-00217663 make sure you put the right letter
57Q8HSo6NuE-01045-00217664-00217863 um because a lot of you like a lot of it
57Q8HSo6NuE-01046-00217864-00217998 says like
57Q8HSo6NuE-01047-00218000-00218367 uh make sure you put either the like jh
57Q8HSo6NuE-01048-00218367-00218671 um e and f because like that'll make
57Q8HSo6NuE-01049-00218671-00218782 sure it gets to the right one because
57Q8HSo6NuE-01050-00218783-00218894 some people just put in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01051-00218896-00219167 clark clark or worry morgan we're in a
57Q8HSo6NuE-01052-00219167-00219263 gig with two of
57Q8HSo6NuE-01053-00219264-00219431 three people just sometimes put two of
57Q8HSo6NuE-01054-00219432-00219679 three and there's four rooms in here
57Q8HSo6NuE-01055-00219680-00219871 right so that that letter designation is
57Q8HSo6NuE-01056-00219871-00220006 really helpful for us to know so that we
57Q8HSo6NuE-01057-00220007-00220087 can do it
57Q8HSo6NuE-01058-00220088-00220271 either before you arrive or immediately
57Q8HSo6NuE-01059-00220271-00220406 after you arrive
57Q8HSo6NuE-01060-00220407-00220615 and um sarah asked if you want to put a
57Q8HSo6NuE-01061-00220616-00220798 rug in the common area about what size
57Q8HSo6NuE-01062-00220800-00220894 would you recommend
57Q8HSo6NuE-01063-00220896-00221023 so let's go out there and take a look
57Q8HSo6NuE-01064-00221023-00221334 yeah we're gonna
57Q8HSo6NuE-01065-00221335-00221503 we can kind of get a measurement of that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01066-00221504-00222255 living common space there
57Q8HSo6NuE-01067-00222256-00222398 obviously it's movable furniture so you
57Q8HSo6NuE-01068-00222400-00222573 can put anything you want
57Q8HSo6NuE-01069-00222573-00222719 [Music]
57Q8HSo6NuE-01070-00222719-00223127 so whatever about 128
57Q8HSo6NuE-01071-00223128-00223327 okay so from wall to counter is about
57Q8HSo6NuE-01072-00223328-00223567 128 so that's like a 10 foot in that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01073-00223567-00223719 dimension i guess yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-01074-00223719-00223891 and then if you want you can go with the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01075-00223892-00224110 walls
57Q8HSo6NuE-01076-00224111-00224598 uh about 1 1
57Q8HSo6NuE-01077-00224600-00224998 39 140 139 139 140 in that dimension
57Q8HSo6NuE-01078-00225000-00225151 okay yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-01079-00225152-00225494 okay um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01080-00225496-00225719 paul asks how many electrical outlets
57Q8HSo6NuE-01081-00225719-00225871 are in the bedrooms
57Q8HSo6NuE-01082-00225871-00226063 and maybe um maybe one of you guys could
57Q8HSo6NuE-01083-00226064-00226246 count go count for us how many that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01084-00226248-00226398 would be i believe it's actually three
57Q8HSo6NuE-01085-00226400-00226631 okay i believe it's three because i i
57Q8HSo6NuE-01086-00226632-00226719 had i did a
57Q8HSo6NuE-01087-00226719-00226855 quick count earlier this week for
57Q8HSo6NuE-01088-00226856-00227071 something else i believe it's three well
57Q8HSo6NuE-01089-00227071-00227215 let's let's confirm it's three that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01090-00227216-00227294 sounds good
57Q8HSo6NuE-01091-00227296-00227479 uh becky asked would you video the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01092-00227480-00227679 closet in the room again
57Q8HSo6NuE-01093-00227680-00227934 and and also ask how many drawers are in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01094-00227935-00227998 the room
57Q8HSo6NuE-01095-00228000-00228206 so let's go um so it is a three drawer
57Q8HSo6NuE-01096-00228207-00228358 closet or a three
57Q8HSo6NuE-01097-00228359-00228710 um dresser okay um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01098-00228711-00228975 in this in this style of closet there is
57Q8HSo6NuE-01099-00228976-00229158 no drawers
57Q8HSo6NuE-01100-00229159-00229606 um there are a couple that have like
57Q8HSo6NuE-01101-00229607-00229871 there is a closet that has two uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-01102-00229871-00230015 underneath it
57Q8HSo6NuE-01103-00230016-00230206 that's a you know i don't remember what
57Q8HSo6NuE-01104-00230207-00230367 building specifically but
57Q8HSo6NuE-01105-00230367-00230742 okay okay um how many drawers are in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01106-00230744-00230767 there
57Q8HSo6NuE-01107-00230767-00231151 what five sets five five sets ten
57Q8HSo6NuE-01108-00231152-00231398 total so in each room there's how many
57Q8HSo6NuE-01109-00231400-00231463 uh ten
57Q8HSo6NuE-01110-00231464-00231758 outlets ten and ten in the room okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-01111-00231759-00231831 okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-01112-00231832-00232142 um how many drawers are there there's
57Q8HSo6NuE-01113-00232144-00232903 one two three four that's oh
57Q8HSo6NuE-01114-00232904-00233215 yeah so it's four four right there
57Q8HSo6NuE-01115-00233216-00233542 okay and then marilyn asks you can raise
57Q8HSo6NuE-01116-00233544-00233758 the beds without actually lofting right
57Q8HSo6NuE-01117-00233759-00233910 just with a rubber mallet yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-01118-00233911-00234151 yeah yeah this this bed totally can just
57Q8HSo6NuE-01119-00234152-00234319 like it can go up
57Q8HSo6NuE-01120-00234319-00234598 um you'll see on here that there is
57Q8HSo6NuE-01121-00234600-00234775 these little
57Q8HSo6NuE-01122-00234776-00235071 like knobs um this just this just comes
57Q8HSo6NuE-01123-00235071-00235103 up
57Q8HSo6NuE-01124-00235104-00235406 and then i hook it in i would suggest um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01125-00235407-00235671 not to go the top of this doesn't go
57Q8HSo6NuE-01126-00235671-00235863 above the second to last one
57Q8HSo6NuE-01127-00235864-00236294 i would not put it on the top one again
57Q8HSo6NuE-01128-00236296-00236567 okay yeah i know thank you for that um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01129-00236567-00236687 um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01130-00236688-00236879 are the desks in morgan hall still the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01131-00236880-00236991 longer desks you know if they're
57Q8HSo6NuE-01132-00236992-00237103 different desks in there okay yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-01133-00237104-00237175 they're a little longer
57Q8HSo6NuE-01134-00237176-00237487 okay making that distinction um isabel
57Q8HSo6NuE-01135-00237488-00237646 asked are you allowed to use monkey
57Q8HSo6NuE-01136-00237648-00237871 hooks to hang things
57Q8HSo6NuE-01137-00237871-00238006 i can't remember if the answer is yes
57Q8HSo6NuE-01138-00238007-00238239 still yeah yeah let me uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-01139-00238240-00238446 let me consult on that it's gone
57Q8HSo6NuE-01140-00238448-00238575 generally we don't want you to put
57Q8HSo6NuE-01141-00238576-00238758 things that are going to go inside the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01142-00238759-00238863 uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-01143-00238864-00239191 inside the uh the wall itself but
57Q8HSo6NuE-01144-00239192-00239375 um let me let me come back and check on
57Q8HSo6NuE-01145-00239376-00239575 that for you yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-01146-00239576-00239791 that conversation has come up the last
57Q8HSo6NuE-01147-00239792-00239879 couple of years
57Q8HSo6NuE-01148-00239880-00240087 michelle asked um is there a full-length
57Q8HSo6NuE-01149-00240088-00240198 mirror in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01150-00240200-00240503 all of the bedroom closets
57Q8HSo6NuE-01151-00240504-00240710 and uh there is a full-length mirror in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01152-00240711-00240846 the in the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01153-00240848-00241151 in these ones and it should there's i
57Q8HSo6NuE-01154-00241152-00241310 believe there is a mirror in the in the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01155-00241311-00241406 morning that's also
57Q8HSo6NuE-01156-00241407-00241758 in like the different style ones um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01157-00241759-00241975 are the beds in the quads twin or twin
57Q8HSo6NuE-01158-00241976-00242223 xl with twin xl being i believe an 80
57Q8HSo6NuE-01159-00242223-00242358 inch length
57Q8HSo6NuE-01160-00242359-00242671 and these are 75's or 80. i believe
57Q8HSo6NuE-01161-00242671-00242823 these are 75 but i actually dropped the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01162-00242823-00242934 sheet behind me that i
57Q8HSo6NuE-01163-00242935-00243239 think has the answer on that question
57Q8HSo6NuE-01164-00243240-00243655 oh let's see here these are
57Q8HSo6NuE-01165-00243656-00243879 it looks like these are the 85s yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-01166-00243880-00243991 okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-01167-00243992-00244415 yeah yeah because it's 85 by 39 by 69.
57Q8HSo6NuE-01168-00244416-00244551 okay do you want to just measure that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01169-00244552-00245063 one real quick
57Q8HSo6NuE-01170-00245064-00245310 we're measuring not the not the frame
57Q8HSo6NuE-01171-00245311-00245430 but the actual mattress
57Q8HSo6NuE-01172-00245431-00245679 no it's just just under 80 inches okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-01173-00245680-00245830 so about 80 inches which
57Q8HSo6NuE-01174-00245831-00246127 to us is the larger um becky yes what
57Q8HSo6NuE-01175-00246128-00246294 height is the second to last notch on
57Q8HSo6NuE-01176-00246296-00246639 the bed and again
57Q8HSo6NuE-01177-00246640-00246823 this has another piece that can be put
57Q8HSo6NuE-01178-00246823-00246998 with it so it can go double
57Q8HSo6NuE-01179-00247000-00247327 what you're seeing here so that's about
57Q8HSo6NuE-01180-00247328-00247639 32 inches 32 inches becky
57Q8HSo6NuE-01181-00247640-00247934 okay did i see a work order maybe on the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01182-00247935-00248119 other bed over here i thought i did two
57Q8HSo6NuE-01183-00248119-00248319 and i was gonna just point that out so
57Q8HSo6NuE-01184-00248319-00248694 um whoever we won't expose names
57Q8HSo6NuE-01185-00248696-00248919 yeah student ids or anything uh so
57Q8HSo6NuE-01186-00248919-00249694 whoever put this in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01187-00249696-00250039 so they just put it in saying what they
57Q8HSo6NuE-01188-00250040-00250127 were doing so
57Q8HSo6NuE-01189-00250128-00250255 we're not giving any personal permission
57Q8HSo6NuE-01190-00250256-00250446 there
57Q8HSo6NuE-01191-00250448-00250630 all right yeah so those are the work
57Q8HSo6NuE-01192-00250631-00250767 orders that come through and our staff
57Q8HSo6NuE-01193-00250767-00250951 comes through and does all the lifting
57Q8HSo6NuE-01194-00250952-00251294 heavy lifting there prior to that um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01195-00251296-00251430 something to point out is we have
57Q8HSo6NuE-01196-00251431-00251615 television here that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01197-00251616-00251879 includes hbo it's digital cable you can
57Q8HSo6NuE-01198-00251880-00251927 watch
57Q8HSo6NuE-01199-00251928-00252079 on your laptop as well so you don't have
57Q8HSo6NuE-01200-00252080-00252255 to bring tv every room
57Q8HSo6NuE-01201-00252256-00252575 uh every room including the common room
57Q8HSo6NuE-01202-00252576-00252982 has one has it has a cable box
57Q8HSo6NuE-01203-00252983-00253215 okay well we've reached the end of our
57Q8HSo6NuE-01204-00253216-00253375 questions so now is a good time oh we
57Q8HSo6NuE-01205-00253376-00253463 got another one
57Q8HSo6NuE-01206-00253464-00253606 emma asked can you measure the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01207-00253607-00253798 dimensions of the shelves
57Q8HSo6NuE-01208-00253800-00254823 in the wardrobe so
57Q8HSo6NuE-01209-00254823-00255246 so like fifteen and three quarter
57Q8HSo6NuE-01210-00255248-00255791 and seven sixteen and
57Q8HSo6NuE-01211-00255792-00255991 sixteen something six five sixteen and
57Q8HSo6NuE-01212-00255992-00256127 three quarters okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-01213-00256128-00256463 and can you give us the depth as well
57Q8HSo6NuE-01214-00256464-00257046 okay sorry okay and height uh
57Q8HSo6NuE-01215-00257048-00257382 about 12. okay okay great those are the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01216-00257383-00257503 shelves and then carry
57Q8HSo6NuE-01217-00257504-00257655 katie asks can you show the inside of
57Q8HSo6NuE-01218-00257656-00257823 the closet sure
57Q8HSo6NuE-01219-00257823-00257991 we don't want to go to narnia and get
57Q8HSo6NuE-01220-00257992-00258151 too much of the wardrobe here but
57Q8HSo6NuE-01221-00258152-00259679 it's right right along
57Q8HSo6NuE-01222-00259680-00260046 and so that's for one student yep
57Q8HSo6NuE-01223-00260048-00260287 okay great great series of questions
57Q8HSo6NuE-01224-00260288-00260406 here and i have a couple follow-ups that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01225-00260407-00260646 i'll do after this show um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01226-00260648-00260839 sarah asks is the desk chair the same as
57Q8HSo6NuE-01227-00260840-00261030 that one in morgan and
57Q8HSo6NuE-01228-00261031-00261239 is the chair the same i believe i think
57Q8HSo6NuE-01229-00261240-00261382 these are all those
57Q8HSo6NuE-01230-00261383-00261742 the um okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-01231-00261744-00262030 all right the gaming chair thing they
57Q8HSo6NuE-01232-00262031-00262175 are i can tell from the style
57Q8HSo6NuE-01233-00262176-00262527 yeah there we go
57Q8HSo6NuE-01234-00262528-00262895 i know it comes apart it's listen to two
57Q8HSo6NuE-01235-00262896-00263103 um oh katie was asking for the closet in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01236-00263104-00263495 the hallways sure we can do that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01237-00263496-00263623 eric you might open it or scott you
57Q8HSo6NuE-01238-00263624-00264927 might open it thank you
57Q8HSo6NuE-01239-00264928-00265119 and there's no mirror in this particular
57Q8HSo6NuE-01240-00265120-00265287 closet
57Q8HSo6NuE-01241-00265288-00265591 okay ava asks uh do you think you could
57Q8HSo6NuE-01242-00265592-00265758 put a tv stand
57Q8HSo6NuE-01243-00265759-00265919 in the bedroom by the door so you can
57Q8HSo6NuE-01244-00265920-00266110 have your own tv in your own room
57Q8HSo6NuE-01245-00266111-00266639 uh you can have your own tv in your room
57Q8HSo6NuE-01246-00266640-00267103 i mean i think there's room for a stand
57Q8HSo6NuE-01247-00267104-00267727 or right here especially yeah
57Q8HSo6NuE-01248-00267728-00267910 yeah you could definitely put a tv in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01249-00267911-00268095 here for sure
57Q8HSo6NuE-01250-00268096-00268455 um okay
57Q8HSo6NuE-01251-00268456-00268775 let's see then we've got uh we caught up
57Q8HSo6NuE-01252-00268776-00268863 on our questions
57Q8HSo6NuE-01253-00268864-00269071 awesome uh why don't we take a moment
57Q8HSo6NuE-01254-00269072-00269215 any final questions to come in we'll try
57Q8HSo6NuE-01255-00269216-00269295 to answer but
57Q8HSo6NuE-01256-00269296-00269406 you want to tell us just a little bit
57Q8HSo6NuE-01257-00269407-00269671 about uh what you're anticipating this
57Q8HSo6NuE-01258-00269672-00269863 fall
57Q8HSo6NuE-01259-00269864-00270015 what am i i don't know what i'm
57Q8HSo6NuE-01260-00270016-00270263 anticipating well this this community
57Q8HSo6NuE-01261-00270264-00270439 what kind of characterizes communities i
57Q8HSo6NuE-01262-00270440-00270615 would say that like hopefully we have a
57Q8HSo6NuE-01263-00270616-00270799 really strong community of people who
57Q8HSo6NuE-01264-00270800-00271006 want to interact with each other um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01265-00271007-00271223 interact with each other in their suites
57Q8HSo6NuE-01266-00271224-00271367 because it is a little bit different
57Q8HSo6NuE-01267-00271368-00271567 we're not necessarily
57Q8HSo6NuE-01268-00271568-00271815 two roommates it's for roommates and you
57Q8HSo6NuE-01269-00271816-00271958 share a suite and hopefully that is
57Q8HSo6NuE-01270-00271959-00272087 something that can happen you can
57Q8HSo6NuE-01271-00272088-00272247 create stronger bonds with the four
57Q8HSo6NuE-01272-00272248-00272439 people that you live with
57Q8HSo6NuE-01273-00272440-00272671 and everything like that yeah excellent
57Q8HSo6NuE-01274-00272672-00272839 we did have one more question this will
57Q8HSo6NuE-01275-00272840-00272982 be our last one and then
57Q8HSo6NuE-01276-00272983-00273223 if you want to leave ones below we'll do
57Q8HSo6NuE-01277-00273224-00273375 our best
57Q8HSo6NuE-01278-00273376-00273599 to answer them karen asked what is the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01279-00273600-00273679 uh the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01280-00273680-00273847 radius of the door in the bedroom when
57Q8HSo6NuE-01281-00273848-00274079 it's open so we're kind of getting
57Q8HSo6NuE-01282-00274080-00274239 how much space is that going to take up
57Q8HSo6NuE-01283-00274240-00274391 so if you could give us the length of
57Q8HSo6NuE-01284-00274392-00274519 the door
57Q8HSo6NuE-01285-00274520-00274847 that would be helpful yeah so the door
57Q8HSo6NuE-01286-00274848-00275271 is like 30 31 and a half inches 31.5
57Q8HSo6NuE-01287-00275272-00275479 inches so of course it's going to pivot
57Q8HSo6NuE-01288-00275480-00275679 uh to close and everything like that so
57Q8HSo6NuE-01289-00275680-00275895 31.5 inches that you lose
57Q8HSo6NuE-01290-00275896-00276206 of door space to cover that
57Q8HSo6NuE-01291-00276207-00276543 okay and then um
57Q8HSo6NuE-01292-00276544-00276687 space between we'll take one last one
57Q8HSo6NuE-01293-00276688-00276855 space between the bed and the desk for
57Q8HSo6NuE-01294-00276856-00277063 the rug
57Q8HSo6NuE-01295-00277064-00277263 so we'll just give a measurement between
57Q8HSo6NuE-01296-00277264-00278358 the bed and the desk
57Q8HSo6NuE-01297-00278359-00278647 so just under 47 inches 47 inches in
57Q8HSo6NuE-01298-00278648-00278727 that direction
57Q8HSo6NuE-01299-00278728-00279375 and then in this direction
57Q8HSo6NuE-01300-00279376-00279679 so right there from there to about the
57Q8HSo6NuE-01301-00279680-00279830 wall is like 98 inches
57Q8HSo6NuE-01302-00279831-00280103 98 inches right there okay excellent
57Q8HSo6NuE-01303-00280104-00280134 well
57Q8HSo6NuE-01304-00280135-00280279 again thanks for all these questions and
57Q8HSo6NuE-01305-00280280-00280455 we'll try to come back and get
57Q8HSo6NuE-01306-00280456-00280575 about two or three of those answered
57Q8HSo6NuE-01307-00280576-00280758 that we couldn't answer here live
57Q8HSo6NuE-01308-00280759-00281095 and uh hey eric you want to
57Q8HSo6NuE-01309-00281096-00281327 wave us out and wish everybody a welcome
57Q8HSo6NuE-01310-00281328-00281510 this fall yeah hopefully we will see you
57Q8HSo6NuE-01311-00281511-00281647 all here in a
57Q8HSo6NuE-01312-00281648-00281871 few weeks for like what three weeks out
57Q8HSo6NuE-01313-00281872-00281967 now two weeks out
57Q8HSo6NuE-01314-00281968-00282230 right around yeah so hopefully we'll be
57Q8HSo6NuE-01315-00282231-00282430 glad to see you all come and show up and
57Q8HSo6NuE-01316-00282431-00282911 yeah let's have we'll have a good year
58LCaVw-Nd4-00001-00008992-00009200 you
5qmXrmWEmng-00000-00000024-00000214 so welcome back in this video we will
5qmXrmWEmng-00001-00000215-00000438 discuss unweighted and weighted models
5qmXrmWEmng-00002-00000440-00000743 in more detail unrated models consider
5qmXrmWEmng-00003-00000744-00000919 reader or how much each project
5qmXrmWEmng-00004-00000919-00001007 satisfies
5qmXrmWEmng-00005-00001008-00001223 a set of criteria nominated by the
5qmXrmWEmng-00006-00001224-00001399 project evaluators
5qmXrmWEmng-00007-00001400-00001566 the simplest type of model is the
5qmXrmWEmng-00008-00001567-00001775 additive satisficing model in which each
5qmXrmWEmng-00009-00001776-00001967 project is escorted by whether it
5qmXrmWEmng-00010-00001968-00002055 satisfies
5qmXrmWEmng-00011-00002056-00002367 each criteria or not for this model to
5qmXrmWEmng-00012-00002368-00002607 work one needs to specify a threshold
5qmXrmWEmng-00013-00002608-00002807 level for each of the criteria to
5qmXrmWEmng-00014-00002808-00003031 determine whether the criteria have been
5qmXrmWEmng-00015-00003032-00003263 satisfied or not
5qmXrmWEmng-00016-00003264-00003543 if a project satisfy a criteria it
5qmXrmWEmng-00017-00003544-00003695 receives a score of one
5qmXrmWEmng-00018-00003696-00003927 and otherwise it receives a score of
5qmXrmWEmng-00019-00003928-00004006 zero
5qmXrmWEmng-00020-00004007-00004279 the the overall score for the project is
5qmXrmWEmng-00021-00004280-00004438 the sum of the criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00022-00004439-00004767 scores as is shown in the table
5qmXrmWEmng-00023-00004768-00005022 in multiplicative satisficing model the
5qmXrmWEmng-00024-00005023-00005111 criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00025-00005112-00005399 are not compensatory and failure on one
5qmXrmWEmng-00026-00005400-00005647 of the criteria cannot be compensated
5qmXrmWEmng-00027-00005648-00005799 for by satisfactory
5qmXrmWEmng-00028-00005800-00006086 or even superior performance on another
5qmXrmWEmng-00029-00006087-00006238 of the criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00030-00006239-00006454 once again if a project satisfies the
5qmXrmWEmng-00031-00006455-00006687 criterion it receives a score of one and
5qmXrmWEmng-00032-00006688-00006967 otherwise it receives a score of zero
5qmXrmWEmng-00033-00006968-00007206 however the overall score for the
5qmXrmWEmng-00034-00007208-00007463 project is the product of the criterion
5qmXrmWEmng-00035-00007464-00007767 scores so if any one of the scores is
5qmXrmWEmng-00036-00007768-00007903 zero then the overall
5qmXrmWEmng-00037-00007904-00008263 score is also zero in most situations
5qmXrmWEmng-00038-00008264-00008439 there are some criteria that are
5qmXrmWEmng-00039-00008440-00008635 compensatory and some that are
5qmXrmWEmng-00040-00008636-00008846 non-compensatory for example legal
5qmXrmWEmng-00041-00008847-00009119 requirements could be an uncompensatory
5qmXrmWEmng-00042-00009120-00009263 criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00043-00009264-00009503 once again if a project satisfy a
5qmXrmWEmng-00044-00009504-00009742 criterion it receives a score of 1 and
5qmXrmWEmng-00045-00009743-00010014 otherwise it receives a score of zero
5qmXrmWEmng-00046-00010015-00010314 but the overall score is the product of
5qmXrmWEmng-00047-00010315-00010495 non-compensatory criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00048-00010496-00010695 scores multiplied by the sum of the
5qmXrmWEmng-00049-00010696-00010871 compensatory criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00050-00010872-00011151 scores the combined additive
5qmXrmWEmng-00051-00011152-00011406 multiplicative satisficing model makes
5qmXrmWEmng-00052-00011407-00011495 the implicit
5qmXrmWEmng-00053-00011496-00011646 assumption that for each of the
5qmXrmWEmng-00054-00011647-00011895 compensatory criteria there is only a
5qmXrmWEmng-00055-00011896-00011983 pass-fail
5qmXrmWEmng-00056-00011984-00012342 score but in the combine additive
5qmXrmWEmng-00057-00012343-00012559 multiplicative preference model if a
5qmXrmWEmng-00058-00012560-00012807 project satisfies a criterion it
5qmXrmWEmng-00059-00012808-00013063 receives a score of 5 or more for that
5qmXrmWEmng-00060-00013063-00013294 criterion and if a project does not
5qmXrmWEmng-00061-00013295-00013479 satisfy a criterion
5qmXrmWEmng-00062-00013480-00013727 it receives a score of less than 5 for
5qmXrmWEmng-00063-00013728-00013879 that criterion
5qmXrmWEmng-00064-00013880-00014122 the overall score is the product of the
5qmXrmWEmng-00065-00014123-00014335 non-compensatory criteria scores
5qmXrmWEmng-00066-00014336-00014486 multiplied by the sum of the
5qmXrmWEmng-00067-00014487-00014799 compensatory criteria scores
5qmXrmWEmng-00068-00014800-00015030 all the models described above make the
5qmXrmWEmng-00069-00015031-00015222 implicit assumption that each of the
5qmXrmWEmng-00070-00015223-00015447 compensatory criteria are
5qmXrmWEmng-00071-00015447-00015679 of equal importance in the decision
5qmXrmWEmng-00072-00015680-00015879 process and that the only thing that
5qmXrmWEmng-00073-00015880-00016094 distinguishes the project is the degree
5qmXrmWEmng-00074-00016095-00016415 of satisfaction on each of the criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00075-00016416-00016663 weighted models on the other hand allows
5qmXrmWEmng-00076-00016664-00016758 the
5qmXrmWEmng-00077-00016759-00016975 stakeholders to assign different levels
5qmXrmWEmng-00078-00016976-00017207 of importance to each of the criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00079-00017208-00017403 used in the evaluation
5qmXrmWEmng-00080-00017404-00017639 non-compensatory criteria are still
5qmXrmWEmng-00081-00017640-00017711 absolute in
5qmXrmWEmng-00082-00017712-00017983 importance but the compensatory criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00083-00017984-00018191 may now be assigned different levels of
5qmXrmWEmng-00084-00018192-00018303 importance
5qmXrmWEmng-00085-00018304-00018607 here if a project satisfies a criterion
5qmXrmWEmng-00086-00018608-00018855 it receives a score of 5 or more for
5qmXrmWEmng-00087-00018856-00018991 that criterion
5qmXrmWEmng-00088-00018992-00019207 and if a project does not satisfy a
5qmXrmWEmng-00089-00019208-00019422 criterion it receives a score of
5qmXrmWEmng-00090-00019423-00019758 less than 5 for that criterion here
5qmXrmWEmng-00091-00019759-00020003 the overall score is the product of the
5qmXrmWEmng-00092-00020004-00020183 non-compensatory criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00093-00020184-00020383 scores multiplied by the sum of the
5qmXrmWEmng-00094-00020384-00020535 importance times the
5qmXrmWEmng-00095-00020536-00020799 satisfaction scores for the compensatory
5qmXrmWEmng-00096-00020800-00020943 criteria
5qmXrmWEmng-00097-00020944-00021163 up next we will discuss about group
5qmXrmWEmng-00098-00021164-00021464 evaluation
5qqS2nounwA-00000-00000048-00000231 the second sin
5qqS2nounwA-00001-00000231-00000438 that the body of christ needs to be
5qqS2nounwA-00002-00000440-00000615 purified from
5qqS2nounwA-00003-00000616-00000958 indeed the church is lost for money and
5qqS2nounwA-00004-00000959-00001231 material things please write it down
5qqS2nounwA-00005-00001232-00001582 lust for money and material things
5qqS2nounwA-00006-00001583-00001902 first timothy 6 6 to 10 but godliness
5qqS2nounwA-00007-00001903-00002142 with contentment the bible says is great
5qqS2nounwA-00008-00002143-00002302 gain
5qqS2nounwA-00009-00002303-00002550 for we brought nothing into this world
5qqS2nounwA-00010-00002551-00002775 please look at me have you ever seen a
5qqS2nounwA-00011-00002776-00002975 naked baby come out of his mother's womb
5qqS2nounwA-00012-00002976-00003199 holding dollars or holding gold and say
5qqS2nounwA-00013-00003200-00003415 i came from heaven leave my thing for me
5qqS2nounwA-00014-00003415-00003670 everybody comes naked
5qqS2nounwA-00015-00003671-00003863 and have you ever seen a dead man who is
5qqS2nounwA-00016-00003864-00003983 departing
5qqS2nounwA-00017-00003984-00004143 and as soon as they are burying him he
5qqS2nounwA-00018-00004144-00004383 just reaches and draws his gold chain to
5qqS2nounwA-00019-00004384-00004622 his grave it does not happen
5qqS2nounwA-00020-00004623-00004822 from birth and at your point of
5qqS2nounwA-00021-00004823-00005031 transition you are empty this should
5qqS2nounwA-00022-00005032-00005318 give us wisdom already
5qqS2nounwA-00023-00005319-00005470 are we together
5qqS2nounwA-00024-00005471-00005679 let's finish up that scripture for we
5qqS2nounwA-00025-00005680-00005895 brought nothing into this world and it
5qqS2nounwA-00026-00005896-00006199 is certain we can carry nothing out
5qqS2nounwA-00027-00006200-00006311 uh-huh
5qqS2nounwA-00028-00006312-00006559 and having food and remnant let us deal
5qqS2nounwA-00029-00006559-00006903 with the content nine watch this it says
5qqS2nounwA-00030-00006904-00007151 but they that will be rich fall into
5qqS2nounwA-00031-00007152-00007367 temptations i will explain this for you
5qqS2nounwA-00032-00007368-00007695 and a snare and into many foolish and
5qqS2nounwA-00033-00007695-00007839 hurtful lusts
5qqS2nounwA-00034-00007840-00008095 which drown men into destruction and
5qqS2nounwA-00035-00008095-00008295 perdition verse 10
5qqS2nounwA-00036-00008296-00008527 for the love of money the word there is
5qqS2nounwA-00037-00008528-00008639 eros
5qqS2nounwA-00038-00008640-00008935 an ungodly affinity and attachment to
5qqS2nounwA-00039-00008936-00009223 money is the foundation of every kind of
5qqS2nounwA-00040-00009224-00009471 evil it is the strengthener
5qqS2nounwA-00041-00009472-00009806 of all kinds of evil he said which one
5qqS2nounwA-00042-00009807-00010119 some converted after have heard from the
5qqS2nounwA-00043-00010120-00010335 faith and have passed themselves through
5qqS2nounwA-00044-00010336-00010574 with many sorrows i believe in
5qqS2nounwA-00045-00010575-00010710 prosperity
5qqS2nounwA-00046-00010711-00011067 it is god's desire to bless his people
5qqS2nounwA-00047-00011068-00011383 materialism is not having materials
5qqS2nounwA-00048-00011384-00011663 materialism is the influence of
5qqS2nounwA-00049-00011664-00012014 materials upon your relationship
5qqS2nounwA-00050-00012015-00012319 you see the bible tells us that god and
5qqS2nounwA-00051-00012320-00012542 mama on this spirit that controls
5qqS2nounwA-00052-00012543-00012791 worldly world that it seeks for
5qqS2nounwA-00053-00012792-00013038 allegiance money does not just want to
5qqS2nounwA-00054-00013039-00013271 end up in your pocket money wants you to
5qqS2nounwA-00055-00013272-00013463 end up in his pocket
5qqS2nounwA-00056-00013463-00013958 are we together now yes
5qqS2nounwA-00057-00013959-00014383 when our entire sermons our entire lives
5qqS2nounwA-00058-00014384-00014686 our entire conferences our entire
5qqS2nounwA-00059-00014687-00014903 conventions with all due respect and
5qqS2nounwA-00060-00014904-00015135 honor to the body of christ when
5qqS2nounwA-00061-00015136-00015391 everything becomes about money you
5qqS2nounwA-00062-00015391-00015647 cannot hold an evangelistic crusade
5qqS2nounwA-00063-00015647-00015863 and right there before souls come we're
5qqS2nounwA-00064-00015863-00016071 talking about money
5qqS2nounwA-00065-00016072-00016294 there is no business between evangelism
5qqS2nounwA-00066-00016295-00016503 and talking about prosperity principles
5qqS2nounwA-00067-00016504-00016655 that should be in a believer's
5qqS2nounwA-00068-00016656-00016767 conference
5qqS2nounwA-00069-00016768-00017015 those who have now been saved then it is
5qqS2nounwA-00070-00017016-00017215 part of the growth process that mentors
5qqS2nounwA-00071-00017216-00017422 and builds them
5qqS2nounwA-00072-00017423-00017703 hallelujah
5qqS2nounwA-00073-00017704-00017894 affinity
5qqS2nounwA-00074-00017895-00018230 material things this has controlled who
5qqS2nounwA-00075-00018231-00018494 and what we marry this has controlled
5qqS2nounwA-00076-00018495-00018727 who and what we get money can call you
5qqS2nounwA-00077-00018728-00018943 leave nigeria and come to uk can say no
5qqS2nounwA-00078-00018944-00019191 no no go back again money controls
5qqS2nounwA-00079-00019192-00019375 people around the world like a remote
5qqS2nounwA-00080-00019376-00019583 control listen let me tell you the truth
5qqS2nounwA-00081-00019584-00019727 i have taught you on financial
5qqS2nounwA-00082-00019728-00020014 principles it is not sarcasm god wants
5qqS2nounwA-00083-00020015-00020311 to bless us but not by becoming so
5qqS2nounwA-00084-00020312-00020567 emotionally obsessed and attached with
5qqS2nounwA-00085-00020568-00020663 money
5qqS2nounwA-00086-00020664-00020855 there are people the moment they became
5qqS2nounwA-00087-00020856-00021086 wealthy they told their wives from today
5qqS2nounwA-00088-00021087-00021303 you will not stay with me go out into
5qqS2nounwA-00089-00021304-00021503 the other room because i don't trust
5qqS2nounwA-00090-00021504-00022414 anybody i've suffered too much
5qqS2nounwA-00091-00022415-00022655 listen to me
5qqS2nounwA-00092-00022656-00022903 you can be prosperous
5qqS2nounwA-00093-00022904-00023175 lay up gold as dust beyond your wildest
5qqS2nounwA-00094-00023176-00023447 imagination and yet not be attached to
5qqS2nounwA-00095-00023448-00023583 it
5qqS2nounwA-00096-00023584-00023855 the goal of bringing this right now
5qqS2nounwA-00097-00023856-00024078 is to be able to teach you
5qqS2nounwA-00098-00024079-00024294 that god wants you to prosper
5qqS2nounwA-00099-00024295-00024527 marketing poverty as a sign of holiness
5qqS2nounwA-00100-00024528-00024830 and piety is inaccurate no
5qqS2nounwA-00101-00024831-00025014 if poverty were good some of it will be
5qqS2nounwA-00102-00025015-00025175 found in heaven
5qqS2nounwA-00103-00025176-00025327 and since there is none of it found
5qqS2nounwA-00104-00025328-00025511 there it means it did not come from
5qqS2nounwA-00105-00025512-00025631 there
5qqS2nounwA-00106-00025632-00026006 are we together now
5qqS2nounwA-00107-00026007-00026158 so i'm not teaching you from a
5qqS2nounwA-00108-00026160-00026358 standpoint of an irresponsible man of
5qqS2nounwA-00109-00026360-00026599 god who is unmindful of the reality of
5qqS2nounwA-00110-00026600-00026895 the times i understand and there are
5qqS2nounwA-00111-00026895-00027118 scriptural strategies and for as long as
5qqS2nounwA-00112-00027119-00027455 i live among the many mentorship
5qqS2nounwA-00113-00027456-00027679 teachings that you will receive is
5qqS2nounwA-00114-00027680-00027951 empowerment i am vocal and i am
5qqS2nounwA-00115-00027952-00028231 unashamed and unapologetic about the
5qqS2nounwA-00116-00028232-00028455 blessing of god's people it's a salmon i
5qqS2nounwA-00117-00028456-00028679 will never change till i see his face my
5qqS2nounwA-00118-00028680-00028943 assignment is to balance you to see to
5qqS2nounwA-00119-00028944-00029207 it that it does not become obsession
5qqS2nounwA-00120-00029208-00029502 because we need to balance this for many
5qqS2nounwA-00121-00029504-00029727 believers our obsession the reason why
5qqS2nounwA-00122-00029727-00030014 we go to church and the entire scope of
5qqS2nounwA-00123-00030016-00030279 our christian pursuit is money is the
5qqS2nounwA-00124-00030280-00030527 reason why people can steal people can
5qqS2nounwA-00125-00030527-00030879 do anything because of money and sadly
5qqS2nounwA-00126-00030880-00031095 in many christian circles respectfully
5qqS2nounwA-00127-00031095-00031190 speaking
5qqS2nounwA-00128-00031191-00031495 the major index for measuring faith is
5qqS2nounwA-00129-00031495-00031655 wealth
5qqS2nounwA-00130-00031656-00031839 so if your faith is walking let me see
5qqS2nounwA-00131-00031839-00032023 it by the car you are driving
5qqS2nounwA-00132-00032024-00032199 if your faith is walking let me see it
5qqS2nounwA-00133-00032200-00032487 by the house if the man of god is this
5qqS2nounwA-00134-00032488-00032967 it shouldn't be
5qqS2nounwA-00135-00032968-00033231 while we continue to reject poverty we
5qqS2nounwA-00136-00033232-00033462 must cry and pray that god will grant us
5qqS2nounwA-00137-00033463-00033846 grace even by his mercy to be people
5qqS2nounwA-00138-00033847-00034055 who can look at money is the reason why
5qqS2nounwA-00139-00034056-00034335 many believers compromise
5qqS2nounwA-00140-00034336-00034535 someone will dangle one million and you
5qqS2nounwA-00141-00034536-00034815 say ah i rather enjoy it now and tell
5qqS2nounwA-00142-00034816-00035374 god sorry later
5qqS2nounwA-00143-00035375-00035735 the body of christ needs to be delivered
5qqS2nounwA-00144-00035736-00035855 from lost
5qqS2nounwA-00145-00035856-00035990 for money
5qqS2nounwA-00146-00035991-00036335 and material things the cure
5qqS2nounwA-00147-00036336-00036495 for lost
5qqS2nounwA-00148-00036496-00036718 for money and material things is number
5qqS2nounwA-00149-00036719-00036799 one
5qqS2nounwA-00150-00036800-00037159 to be properly mentored on the kingdom's
5qqS2nounwA-00151-00037160-00037487 pathway to wealth and abundance
5qqS2nounwA-00152-00037488-00037718 you can do well to listen to my teaching
5qqS2nounwA-00153-00037719-00037943 the power to get wealth we have done
5qqS2nounwA-00154-00037944-00038174 several teachings along this line you
5qqS2nounwA-00155-00038175-00038399 would observe in that teaching that i
5qqS2nounwA-00156-00038400-00038646 taught you that the first law the first
5qqS2nounwA-00157-00038647-00038839 spiritual law for wealth and abundance
5qqS2nounwA-00158-00038840-00038983 is not tithing
5qqS2nounwA-00159-00038984-00039143 it is not giving
5qqS2nounwA-00160-00039144-00039446 the first law is the law of absolute
5qqS2nounwA-00161-00039447-00039679 surrender
5qqS2nounwA-00162-00039680-00039927 until you are dead to yourself dead to
5qqS2nounwA-00163-00039928-00040174 the flesh and alive unto god your
5qqS2nounwA-00164-00040175-00040430 obeying business principles is simply by
5qqS2nounwA-00165-00040431-00040599 gaining an investment you are doing with
5qqS2nounwA-00166-00040600-00040751 god
5qqS2nounwA-00167-00040752-00040967 so there are many people who bring tight
5qqS2nounwA-00168-00040968-00041183 and bring offering as a bribe as an
5qqS2nounwA-00169-00041184-00041279 exchange
5qqS2nounwA-00170-00041280-00041462 god you better see it i'm dropping it
5qqS2nounwA-00171-00041463-00041639 and you drop it and go back and say god
5qqS2nounwA-00172-00041640-00041846 i'm waiting and god says what do you
5qqS2nounwA-00173-00041847-00042118 really love the money or me
5qqS2nounwA-00174-00042119-00042390 the law of absolute surrender they gave
5qqS2nounwA-00175-00042391-00042590 of themselves first the macedonian
5qqS2nounwA-00176-00042591-00042758 church and then they gave up their
5qqS2nounwA-00177-00042759-00043092 substance
5qqS2nounwA-00178-00043093-00043438 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-00000-00000039-00000167 thank you for joining us on another
5rOixsmDk44-00001-00000168-00000407 episode of ladder gay stories podcast
5rOixsmDk44-00002-00000408-00000623 i'm your host kyle ashworth and we're
5rOixsmDk44-00003-00000624-00000751 grateful that you gave us an hour of
5rOixsmDk44-00004-00000752-00000894 your time to better understand the
5rOixsmDk44-00005-00000896-00001150 intersection of sexuality where it meets
5rOixsmDk44-00006-00001151-00001350 at the intersection of lds street and
5rOixsmDk44-00007-00001351-00001614 lgbtq avenue it's podco
5rOixsmDk44-00008-00001616-00001847 podcast episodes just like this that
5rOixsmDk44-00009-00001848-00002055 help us build bigger and stronger
5rOixsmDk44-00010-00002056-00002326 bridges between the lds and lgbtq
5rOixsmDk44-00011-00002327-00002534 community if you want to help us uh
5rOixsmDk44-00012-00002535-00002750 better share messages just like this we
5rOixsmDk44-00013-00002751-00003047 invite you to like and comment below if
5rOixsmDk44-00014-00003048-00003175 you're watching on the video version of
5rOixsmDk44-00015-00003176-00003399 this podcast episode on facebook or
5rOixsmDk44-00016-00003400-00003583 youtube and if you are catching us on an
5rOixsmDk44-00017-00003584-00003743 audio version wherever you catch your
5rOixsmDk44-00018-00003744-00003919 favorite podcasts we invite you to
5rOixsmDk44-00019-00003920-00004119 subscribe to this channel
5rOixsmDk44-00020-00004120-00004335 today's podcast episode is unique in
5rOixsmDk44-00021-00004336-00004686 that we feature a couple story and often
5rOixsmDk44-00022-00004687-00004847 we have parents and people reaching out
5rOixsmDk44-00023-00004848-00004983 saying where are the couple's stories
5rOixsmDk44-00024-00004984-00005238 where the stories of hope and and
5rOixsmDk44-00025-00005239-00005511 example when it comes to happy and
5rOixsmDk44-00026-00005512-00005711 thriving and healthy relationships we
5rOixsmDk44-00027-00005712-00005838 hope to do that today to at least give
5rOixsmDk44-00028-00005839-00006038 you an opportunity to see
5rOixsmDk44-00029-00006039-00006247 what what same-sex relationships looks
5rOixsmDk44-00030-00006248-00006583 like look like same-gender relationships
5rOixsmDk44-00031-00006584-00006831 as they exist
5rOixsmDk44-00032-00006831-00007175 in or out of religious tradition so
5rOixsmDk44-00033-00007176-00007327 that's something that we want to focus
5rOixsmDk44-00034-00007328-00007534 on today so without further ado we want
5rOixsmDk44-00035-00007536-00007742 to welcome to the podcast cole rasmussen
5rOixsmDk44-00036-00007743-00008039 and kent carlo hey hey welcome welcome
5rOixsmDk44-00037-00008040-00008327 now not only are we
5rOixsmDk44-00038-00008328-00008510 discussing relationships but this is
5rOixsmDk44-00039-00008511-00008639 like a repeat
5rOixsmDk44-00040-00008640-00008823 we've had you on previous episodes each
5rOixsmDk44-00041-00008824-00009014 of you shared your stories
5rOixsmDk44-00042-00009015-00009159 which i think were really fascinating
5rOixsmDk44-00043-00009160-00009383 because we we were able to take the
5rOixsmDk44-00044-00009384-00009535 podcast and dive into completely
5rOixsmDk44-00045-00009536-00009846 different aspects of your stories and
5rOixsmDk44-00046-00009847-00010046 and how they relate to
5rOixsmDk44-00047-00010047-00010223 um getting to you getting to where
5rOixsmDk44-00048-00010224-00010559 you're at today which is probably why i
5rOixsmDk44-00049-00010560-00010814 think the repeat the round two was
5rOixsmDk44-00050-00010815-00011071 really important um you each have unique
5rOixsmDk44-00051-00011072-00011278 and special
5rOixsmDk44-00052-00011279-00011446 individual stories that have now
5rOixsmDk44-00053-00011447-00011670 combined into a relationship so thanks
5rOixsmDk44-00054-00011671-00011838 for coming back again
5rOixsmDk44-00055-00011839-00011959 of course
5rOixsmDk44-00056-00011960-00012070 um
5rOixsmDk44-00057-00012071-00012214 maybe let's start for those who didn't
5rOixsmDk44-00058-00012215-00012455 catch your previous episodes um give us
5rOixsmDk44-00059-00012456-00012678 just a quick background about who each
5rOixsmDk44-00060-00012679-00012927 of you are just a
5rOixsmDk44-00061-00012928-00013158 quick view of your story and then we can
5rOixsmDk44-00062-00013159-00013351 jump in cold you want to go first sure
5rOixsmDk44-00063-00013352-00013438 you bet
5rOixsmDk44-00064-00013440-00013686 my name is cole rasmussen i grew up in
5rOixsmDk44-00065-00013687-00013943 the spanish fork area in utah county
5rOixsmDk44-00066-00013944-00014191 here in utah or in utah we currently
5rOixsmDk44-00067-00014191-00014366 actually are in southern utah or where
5rOixsmDk44-00068-00014368-00014511 can i currently live right now in st
5rOixsmDk44-00069-00014512-00014615 george
5rOixsmDk44-00070-00014616-00014886 so uh but yep grew up there i am
5rOixsmDk44-00071-00014887-00015111 currently 36 i work actually in
5rOixsmDk44-00072-00015112-00015383 healthcare i work for a hospital that's
5rOixsmDk44-00073-00015384-00015638 in utah county but specifically live in
5rOixsmDk44-00074-00015640-00015879 southern utah to help refer and transfer
5rOixsmDk44-00075-00015880-00016030 patients to other facility that i work
5rOixsmDk44-00076-00016031-00016207 for in provo and help do some marketing
5rOixsmDk44-00077-00016208-00016279 and
5rOixsmDk44-00078-00016280-00016527 and uh clinical work down here so it's
5rOixsmDk44-00079-00016528-00016830 fun and you um you officially kind of
5rOixsmDk44-00080-00016831-00017119 came out at what age you know i came out
5rOixsmDk44-00081-00017120-00017311 what i feel like is compared to today
5rOixsmDk44-00082-00017312-00017558 much later than some of the most people
5rOixsmDk44-00083-00017559-00017743 i was 29 by the time i officially told
5rOixsmDk44-00084-00017744-00017967 my parents that i was gay um but i
5rOixsmDk44-00085-00017968-00018143 probably more and less started acting on
5rOixsmDk44-00086-00018144-00018303 it more and starting really accepting
5rOixsmDk44-00087-00018304-00018583 myself 27 28
5rOixsmDk44-00088-00018584-00018743 leading up to being 29 where then i was
5rOixsmDk44-00089-00018744-00018886 like you know what i i want to be
5rOixsmDk44-00090-00018887-00019086 authentic i want to be true
5rOixsmDk44-00091-00019087-00019222 and i feel like i accepted myself and
5rOixsmDk44-00092-00019223-00019375 accepted this process and knew that my
5rOixsmDk44-00093-00019376-00019607 life was going to be okay that like i
5rOixsmDk44-00094-00019608-00019855 was going to be happy and that i had the
5rOixsmDk44-00095-00019856-00020055 ability to choose my happiness
5rOixsmDk44-00096-00020056-00020247 but part of that was
5rOixsmDk44-00097-00020248-00020399 involving my family and actually getting
5rOixsmDk44-00098-00020400-00020622 to tell them how i identified and why
5rOixsmDk44-00099-00020623-00020767 that was significant so i was 29 and i
5rOixsmDk44-00100-00020768-00020991 told them well at any rate if the quote
5rOixsmDk44-00101-00020992-00021111 was actually true and could be
5rOixsmDk44-00102-00021112-00021271 attributed brigham young would indeed
5rOixsmDk44-00103-00021272-00021535 say you were a menace to society i i was
5rOixsmDk44-00104-00021536-00021814 a long unfortunate menace way past the
5rOixsmDk44-00105-00021815-00022007 age of prime
5rOixsmDk44-00106-00022008-00022143 which is probably why since i couldn't
5rOixsmDk44-00107-00022144-00022327 find a girl to take care of anything
5rOixsmDk44-00108-00022328-00022471 that i might as well then just be gay
5rOixsmDk44-00109-00022472-00022671 right yeah i mean it's obviously the
5rOixsmDk44-00110-00022672-00022830 default interestingly you bring that up
5rOixsmDk44-00111-00022831-00023022 and this is a complete side note but
5rOixsmDk44-00112-00023023-00023358 apparently in 1897 george q cannon said
5rOixsmDk44-00113-00023359-00023575 polygamy was the reason
5rOixsmDk44-00114-00023576-00023694 for
5rOixsmDk44-00115-00023695-00023967 the cure for homosexuality that as a man
5rOixsmDk44-00116-00023968-00024191 got bored with his single wife he could
5rOixsmDk44-00117-00024192-00024335 take another wife
5rOixsmDk44-00118-00024336-00024630 so he wouldn't turn to seeking other men
5rOixsmDk44-00119-00024631-00024775 for to make up other for their
5rOixsmDk44-00120-00024776-00025175 relationships forms of intimacy
5rOixsmDk44-00121-00025176-00025303 that couldn't be further from my
5rOixsmDk44-00122-00025304-00025527 experience yeah that's that gets darker
5rOixsmDk44-00123-00025528-00025727 one woman wasn't enough we'll bring on
5rOixsmDk44-00124-00025727-00025894 another one so you don't turn to men
5rOixsmDk44-00125-00025895-00026167 exactly exactly wow interesting yeah i
5rOixsmDk44-00126-00026168-00026302 think side note i definitely need to
5rOixsmDk44-00127-00026304-00026487 jump into that a little because i that
5rOixsmDk44-00128-00026488-00026774 would be interesting to dissect
5rOixsmDk44-00129-00026775-00026974 figure out what was causing that gosh
5rOixsmDk44-00130-00026975-00027127 and how many case studies the church had
5rOixsmDk44-00131-00027127-00027239 at that point
5rOixsmDk44-00132-00027239-00027446 yeah and this is wonderful what year
5rOixsmDk44-00133-00027447-00027687 1897 1897
5rOixsmDk44-00134-00027688-00027823 wow
5rOixsmDk44-00135-00027824-00028031 so yeah clearly 50 years after coming
5rOixsmDk44-00136-00028032-00028255 into utah did something to the saints
5rOixsmDk44-00137-00028256-00028367 yeah for sure
5rOixsmDk44-00138-00028368-00028646 interestingly enough kent welcome again
5rOixsmDk44-00139-00028647-00028983 thank you yeah so i grew up in boise
5rOixsmDk44-00140-00028983-00029199 idaho for the most part um served a
5rOixsmDk44-00141-00029200-00029479 mission in phoenix studied at byu hawaii
5rOixsmDk44-00142-00029480-00029751 and currently work in marketing um work
5rOixsmDk44-00143-00029752-00029999 remotely here in st george where we live
5rOixsmDk44-00144-00030000-00030262 as cole said and i came out around the
5rOixsmDk44-00145-00030263-00030431 same time called it
5rOixsmDk44-00146-00030432-00030567 so i had been married for about three
5rOixsmDk44-00147-00030568-00030823 and a half years to a woman
5rOixsmDk44-00148-00030824-00031095 and at length divorced and uh started
5rOixsmDk44-00149-00031095-00031335 dating a little while after after that
5rOixsmDk44-00150-00031336-00031431 divorce
5rOixsmDk44-00151-00031432-00031887 uh but came out um pretty close to 30.
5rOixsmDk44-00152-00031888-00032055 so again the purpose of a podcast
5rOixsmDk44-00153-00032056-00032270 episode like this is just to kind of
5rOixsmDk44-00154-00032272-00032462 highlight what a relationship looks like
5rOixsmDk44-00155-00032463-00032607 and what takes us
5rOixsmDk44-00156-00032608-00032815 what gets each of your individual lives
5rOixsmDk44-00157-00032816-00032990 to a point where you're ready to date
5rOixsmDk44-00158-00032991-00033159 we've had we've actually had a decent
5rOixsmDk44-00159-00033160-00033262 nice
5rOixsmDk44-00160-00033263-00033423 long engagement that i also feel like
5rOixsmDk44-00161-00033424-00033702 the pandemic of 2020 played into because
5rOixsmDk44-00162-00033703-00033911 i think i significantly i wanted a party
5rOixsmDk44-00163-00033912-00034062 to get to have like a chance to be able
5rOixsmDk44-00164-00034063-00034302 to really celebrate what i do feel like
5rOixsmDk44-00165-00034303-00034423 is um
5rOixsmDk44-00166-00034424-00034583 a really fortunate situation given
5rOixsmDk44-00167-00034584-00034679 everything i think we've each been
5rOixsmDk44-00168-00034680-00034839 through and been there for each other
5rOixsmDk44-00169-00034840-00035046 and so i felt like i don't want to limit
5rOixsmDk44-00170-00035047-00035183 uh how many people did come to our
5rOixsmDk44-00171-00035184-00035271 wedding
5rOixsmDk44-00172-00035272-00035455 nonetheless uh also it felt really
5rOixsmDk44-00173-00035456-00035607 appropriate because kent and i agreed
5rOixsmDk44-00174-00035608-00035759 through this whole process
5rOixsmDk44-00175-00035760-00035974 anyways not to jump the gun but i also
5rOixsmDk44-00176-00035975-00036135 ken and i have now been dating for about
5rOixsmDk44-00177-00036136-00036239 three and a half years from the time
5rOixsmDk44-00178-00036240-00036367 that we first met
5rOixsmDk44-00179-00036368-00036646 and we've been engaged for i guess we
5rOixsmDk44-00180-00036647-00037143 got engaged uh september august of 2020
5rOixsmDk44-00181-00037144-00037383 and uh anyways and we dated for a good
5rOixsmDk44-00182-00037384-00037551 amount of time before we also chose to
5rOixsmDk44-00183-00037552-00037718 move and live together and then of
5rOixsmDk44-00184-00037719-00037895 course when i got this job kent agreed
5rOixsmDk44-00185-00037896-00038071 to come with me which is a
5rOixsmDk44-00186-00038072-00038302 big sigh of relief uh so we've actually
5rOixsmDk44-00187-00038303-00038502 and we've lived in st george now for
5rOixsmDk44-00188-00038503-00038735 actually just about just over a year so
5rOixsmDk44-00189-00038736-00038871 we're kind of newer to this area we
5rOixsmDk44-00190-00038872-00038983 unfortunately moved here and then with
5rOixsmDk44-00191-00038984-00039095 due to the pandemic everything kind of
5rOixsmDk44-00192-00039096-00039199 shut down so we still feel like we
5rOixsmDk44-00193-00039200-00039359 haven't really got to connect with the
5rOixsmDk44-00194-00039360-00039679 area in which we really had hoped but
5rOixsmDk44-00195-00039680-00039846 yeah
5rOixsmDk44-00196-00039847-00040071 let's talk about the time that harry met
5rOixsmDk44-00197-00040072-00040295 sally
5rOixsmDk44-00198-00040296-00040630 how did you two mate yeah so it i had
5rOixsmDk44-00199-00040631-00040871 just started volunteering uh with a
5rOixsmDk44-00200-00040872-00041062 non-profit uh
5rOixsmDk44-00201-00041063-00041390 you know in utah county in circle and
5rOixsmDk44-00202-00041391-00041615 i was volunteered there and i had just
5rOixsmDk44-00203-00041616-00041815 come out so i was you know months out of
5rOixsmDk44-00204-00041816-00041999 the closet but looking for a
5rOixsmDk44-00205-00042000-00042158 soft place to land
5rOixsmDk44-00206-00042159-00042351 and uh found some great community there
5rOixsmDk44-00207-00042352-00042583 and um just really good people who to
5rOixsmDk44-00208-00042584-00042918 this day are still dear friends so
5rOixsmDk44-00209-00042919-00043174 as a volunteer um paul and susie
5rOixsmDk44-00210-00043175-00043343 ogenstein who were also volunteers at
5rOixsmDk44-00211-00043344-00043439 the time
5rOixsmDk44-00212-00043440-00043695 uh held just kind of a casual volunteer
5rOixsmDk44-00213-00043696-00043839 social to get people together in their
5rOixsmDk44-00214-00043840-00043943 backyard
5rOixsmDk44-00215-00043944-00044215 so i went i was living really close by
5rOixsmDk44-00216-00044216-00044390 to where they were holding the event at
5rOixsmDk44-00217-00044391-00044487 the time
5rOixsmDk44-00218-00044488-00044671 and thought you know this could be good
5rOixsmDk44-00219-00044672-00044839 for me to engage and you know being
5rOixsmDk44-00220-00044840-00045055 newly out this is this is a good safe
5rOixsmDk44-00221-00045056-00045174 space where i can just engage with other
5rOixsmDk44-00222-00045175-00045327 volunteers and
5rOixsmDk44-00223-00045328-00045455 people who are
5rOixsmDk44-00224-00045456-00045567 gonna understand kind of where i'm
5rOixsmDk44-00225-00045568-00045702 coming from and
5rOixsmDk44-00226-00045703-00045855 uh you know i'm i'm relatively
5rOixsmDk44-00227-00045856-00046007 introverted so it
5rOixsmDk44-00228-00046008-00046167 seemed to present a good opportunity to
5rOixsmDk44-00229-00046168-00046486 kind of safely navigate a new community
5rOixsmDk44-00230-00046487-00046646 so i went there
5rOixsmDk44-00231-00046647-00046727 and
5rOixsmDk44-00232-00046728-00046935 short of it is i was hanging out for a
5rOixsmDk44-00233-00046936-00047190 bit and cole also came
5rOixsmDk44-00234-00047191-00047430 and i remember pretty clearly
5rOixsmDk44-00235-00047431-00047574 cole kind of walking up to the table of
5rOixsmDk44-00236-00047575-00047718 people where i was sitting and kind of
5rOixsmDk44-00237-00047719-00047902 introducing himself and
5rOixsmDk44-00238-00047903-00048039 kind of just
5rOixsmDk44-00239-00048040-00048255 taking you know charismatic command of
5rOixsmDk44-00240-00048256-00048471 the conversation and asking questions of
5rOixsmDk44-00241-00048472-00048607 people there and
5rOixsmDk44-00242-00048608-00048807 um i just remember thinking like oh this
5rOixsmDk44-00243-00048808-00048983 guy's like really at ease with himself
5rOixsmDk44-00244-00048984-00049230 and is very good at engaging people and
5rOixsmDk44-00245-00049231-00049407 just seemed very kind and like
5rOixsmDk44-00246-00049408-00049630 interested and genuine and
5rOixsmDk44-00247-00049631-00049774 you know we chatted for a little bit and
5rOixsmDk44-00248-00049775-00049974 then i i left shortly after and i think
5rOixsmDk44-00249-00049975-00050118 saw him on the way
5rOixsmDk44-00250-00050119-00050190 out
5rOixsmDk44-00251-00050191-00050367 you know thanked susie for hosting and
5rOixsmDk44-00252-00050368-00050551 just you know left
5rOixsmDk44-00253-00050552-00050790 and uh it was maybe a month or so later
5rOixsmDk44-00254-00050791-00051023 paul and susie started a game night in
5rOixsmDk44-00255-00051024-00051302 their home um just for lgbtq people to
5rOixsmDk44-00256-00051303-00051479 come and socialize
5rOixsmDk44-00257-00051479-00051702 and uh cole and i were both added along
5rOixsmDk44-00258-00051703-00051911 with many others to
5rOixsmDk44-00259-00051912-00052102 to that group on facebook for just you
5rOixsmDk44-00260-00052103-00052279 know hanging out playing games
5rOixsmDk44-00261-00052279-00052503 and uh he sent me a friend request i
5rOixsmDk44-00262-00052504-00052638 think once we both ended up in that
5rOixsmDk44-00263-00052639-00052887 group and we started sort of chatting
5rOixsmDk44-00264-00052888-00052975 there
5rOixsmDk44-00265-00052976-00053282 on facebook do i get to say my
5rOixsmDk44-00266-00053283-00053542 yeah because you're not charismatic you
5rOixsmDk44-00267-00053544-00053775 didn't show up exactly yeah no no that's
5rOixsmDk44-00268-00053776-00054030 that's all a lie fabricated
5rOixsmDk44-00269-00054032-00054366 no uh i had i guess at this point i had
5rOixsmDk44-00270-00054367-00054559 actually probably already been out for
5rOixsmDk44-00271-00054560-00054703 three to four years
5rOixsmDk44-00272-00054704-00054911 and i had dated and such but prior to
5rOixsmDk44-00273-00054912-00055150 this i remember i was an efy counselor
5rOixsmDk44-00274-00055151-00055311 and did get a chance work for efi for
5rOixsmDk44-00275-00055312-00055575 five summers and really enjoyed it and
5rOixsmDk44-00276-00055576-00055719 in my other podcast that i had with you
5rOixsmDk44-00277-00055720-00055887 i did get to share about how every year
5rOixsmDk44-00278-00055888-00056015 i think i kept resigning up to be a
5rOixsmDk44-00279-00056016-00056142 counselor again
5rOixsmDk44-00280-00056144-00056263 because i kept thinking okay i'm gonna
5rOixsmDk44-00281-00056264-00056399 finally meet that girl i'm gonna finally
5rOixsmDk44-00282-00056400-00056550 meet that girl
5rOixsmDk44-00283-00056551-00056759 and uh which is very funny that this
5rOixsmDk44-00284-00056760-00056991 anyways led to me meeting a boy i guess
5rOixsmDk44-00285-00056991-00057319 but anyways i remember distinctly
5rOixsmDk44-00286-00057320-00057511 one of the girls that i just was so
5rOixsmDk44-00287-00057512-00057799 fascinated with i admired she was
5rOixsmDk44-00288-00057800-00058030 talented a return missionary
5rOixsmDk44-00289-00058032-00058175 beautiful brunette
5rOixsmDk44-00290-00058176-00058350 gorgeous girl
5rOixsmDk44-00291-00058351-00058511 and i just remember thinking ah she's so
5rOixsmDk44-00292-00058512-00058694 pretty i just wish and we were already
5rOixsmDk44-00293-00058695-00058823 kind of friends i just kept thinking i
5rOixsmDk44-00294-00058824-00059007 just wish we could date and adamantly
5rOixsmDk44-00295-00059008-00059150 trying to date
5rOixsmDk44-00296-00059151-00059415 and short or i remember our last date
5rOixsmDk44-00297-00059416-00059550 was the last time
5rOixsmDk44-00298-00059551-00059766 imagine dragons played at the velour in
5rOixsmDk44-00299-00059767-00059887 provo
5rOixsmDk44-00300-00059888-00060111 and uh that night her car got towed and
5rOixsmDk44-00301-00060112-00060311 it just was it was just a terrible date
5rOixsmDk44-00302-00060312-00060550 it was the concert was great but it was
5rOixsmDk44-00303-00060551-00060654 terrible
5rOixsmDk44-00304-00060655-00060887 long story short a couple years later i
5rOixsmDk44-00305-00060888-00061126 joined the affirmation group
5rOixsmDk44-00306-00061127-00061391 and this individual woman
5rOixsmDk44-00307-00061391-00061606 is in the affirmation group and she had
5rOixsmDk44-00308-00061607-00061847 just posted hey everybody i just sent
5rOixsmDk44-00309-00061848-00061966 the letter to my parents letting them
5rOixsmDk44-00310-00061967-00062087 know that i'm gay i would really
5rOixsmDk44-00311-00062088-00062215 appreciate if people would help me you
5rOixsmDk44-00312-00062216-00062438 know think of me or you know pray for me
5rOixsmDk44-00313-00062439-00062615 and i just remember being like
5rOixsmDk44-00314-00062616-00062719 what
5rOixsmDk44-00315-00062720-00062999 that this woman this girl that was like
5rOixsmDk44-00316-00063000-00063279 everything i ever aspired and adamantly
5rOixsmDk44-00317-00063279-00063447 tried to date
5rOixsmDk44-00318-00063448-00063638 is also gay
5rOixsmDk44-00319-00063639-00063911 and uh that and besides now i've many of
5rOixsmDk44-00320-00063912-00064135 my fellow efi counselors we've run into
5rOixsmDk44-00321-00064136-00064254 each other
5rOixsmDk44-00322-00064255-00064415 and gave bars and such but that's a
5rOixsmDk44-00323-00064416-00064630 different story for another day um
5rOixsmDk44-00324-00064632-00064863 anyways but she and i for the first time
5rOixsmDk44-00325-00064864-00065023 actually got to authentically become
5rOixsmDk44-00326-00065024-00065175 very close friends
5rOixsmDk44-00327-00065176-00065366 and actually finally tell our whole
5rOixsmDk44-00328-00065367-00065567 stories to each other and became very
5rOixsmDk44-00329-00065568-00065838 close and happy to report that through
5rOixsmDk44-00330-00065839-00066047 me getting to connect again with her she
5rOixsmDk44-00331-00066048-00066223 met she was dating this beautiful girl
5rOixsmDk44-00332-00066224-00066343 at the time
5rOixsmDk44-00333-00066344-00066567 and they had gotten married
5rOixsmDk44-00334-00066568-00066838 and i got to be one of her groomsmen in
5rOixsmDk44-00335-00066839-00066991 their wedding and enjoy this beautiful
5rOixsmDk44-00336-00066992-00067159 day with them and we have stayed since
5rOixsmDk44-00337-00067160-00067319 then very close
5rOixsmDk44-00338-00067320-00067519 they had been selected to be table
5rOixsmDk44-00339-00067520-00067806 captains at the hrc fundraiser that
5rOixsmDk44-00340-00067807-00068119 happens yearly at uh the little american
5rOixsmDk44-00341-00068120-00068335 hotel in salt lake and so she reached
5rOixsmDk44-00342-00068336-00068463 out she says cole you've got to come
5rOixsmDk44-00343-00068464-00068615 come to because you've never been to an
5rOixsmDk44-00344-00068616-00068815 hrc fundraiser it's a great chance to
5rOixsmDk44-00345-00068816-00068959 meet people and i at the point was like
5rOixsmDk44-00346-00068960-00069055 you know what i really want to go i want
5rOixsmDk44-00347-00069056-00069191 to meet more people i want to put myself
5rOixsmDk44-00348-00069192-00069455 out there i'm sitting there at the table
5rOixsmDk44-00349-00069456-00069575 and this was
5rOixsmDk44-00350-00069576-00069879 june of 2017 and that is the year
5rOixsmDk44-00351-00069880-00070150 encircle had just opened up in provo
5rOixsmDk44-00352-00070151-00070382 barbara barbie young and steve young had
5rOixsmDk44-00353-00070383-00070663 given an award to stephanie larson uh
5rOixsmDk44-00354-00070664-00070823 for this new project that they created
5rOixsmDk44-00355-00070824-00071031 called encircle and for the outreach in
5rOixsmDk44-00356-00071032-00071238 which it had done and a friend at our
5rOixsmDk44-00357-00071239-00071479 table turns to this girl and i and she
5rOixsmDk44-00358-00071480-00071775 goes and he said this is like gay efy
5rOixsmDk44-00359-00071776-00071999 you have to go get involved and we both
5rOixsmDk44-00360-00072000-00072150 looked at each other we're like we gotta
5rOixsmDk44-00361-00072151-00072271 check this out
5rOixsmDk44-00362-00072272-00072406 and there was that same friend that said
5rOixsmDk44-00363-00072407-00072559 hey there's this event happening in
5rOixsmDk44-00364-00072560-00072726 riverton in the south uh southern part
5rOixsmDk44-00365-00072727-00072862 of salt lake county you need to go
5rOixsmDk44-00366-00072863-00073031 that's it an encircle
5rOixsmDk44-00367-00073032-00073167 gathering of this family that they're
5rOixsmDk44-00368-00073168-00073303 just putting on you ought to go and just
5rOixsmDk44-00369-00073304-00073431 go meet people and get involved within
5rOixsmDk44-00370-00073432-00073550 circle
5rOixsmDk44-00371-00073551-00073847 and so i showed up to this barbecue
5rOixsmDk44-00372-00073848-00074087 and met this other family that has now
5rOixsmDk44-00373-00074088-00074303 today played a huge role in our life uh
5rOixsmDk44-00374-00074304-00074487 ogensteins who i think you've also had a
5rOixsmDk44-00375-00074488-00074703 chance to interview before and have done
5rOixsmDk44-00376-00074704-00074862 a lot of work for a lot of the people in
5rOixsmDk44-00377-00074863-00074999 the community between salt lake and
5rOixsmDk44-00378-00075000-00075119 county and
5rOixsmDk44-00379-00075120-00075223 anyways
5rOixsmDk44-00380-00075224-00075494 and i remember like i confess that i do
5rOixsmDk44-00381-00075495-00075759 know that i talk to a lot of people
5rOixsmDk44-00382-00075760-00075943 and so but i do remember this like
5rOixsmDk44-00383-00075944-00076182 really attractive dark-haired dark-eyed
5rOixsmDk44-00384-00076183-00076367 cute boy at the table
5rOixsmDk44-00385-00076368-00076543 and i remember probably unfortunately
5rOixsmDk44-00386-00076544-00076694 more significantly standing in the
5rOixsmDk44-00387-00076695-00076919 hallway as he came to say goodbye to
5rOixsmDk44-00388-00076920-00077126 susie as she and i were talking in the
5rOixsmDk44-00389-00077127-00077247 hallway and then he's like i gotta leave
5rOixsmDk44-00390-00077248-00077350 and i remember as he walked away i was
5rOixsmDk44-00391-00077351-00077511 like oh that is a
5rOixsmDk44-00392-00077512-00077711 very attractive male
5rOixsmDk44-00393-00077712-00077831 and uh
5rOixsmDk44-00394-00077832-00078079 anyways and so yes then she started this
5rOixsmDk44-00395-00078080-00078279 facebook group put us in the facebook
5rOixsmDk44-00396-00078280-00078462 group and i probably was
5rOixsmDk44-00397-00078463-00078647 i don't want to confess this but was
5rOixsmDk44-00398-00078648-00078799 totally scouting out who were the cute
5rOixsmDk44-00399-00078800-00079055 people in the group saw this really cute
5rOixsmDk44-00400-00079056-00079199 attractive
5rOixsmDk44-00401-00079200-00079606 beautiful smile dark eyes
5rOixsmDk44-00402-00079607-00079831 uh guy and i'm like oh but then to you
5rOixsmDk44-00403-00079832-00079950 in my mind i'm like wow she's probably
5rOixsmDk44-00404-00079951-00080079 not even gay and he was just a nice
5rOixsmDk44-00405-00080080-00080287 person having to be there but of course
5rOixsmDk44-00406-00080288-00080471 and unfortunately to the gay culture it
5rOixsmDk44-00407-00080472-00080647 was like well he's cute we have common
5rOixsmDk44-00408-00080648-00080855 friends friend request sent
5rOixsmDk44-00409-00080856-00081119 and then i don't hear anything from him
5rOixsmDk44-00410-00081120-00081279 for like two months or a month and a
5rOixsmDk44-00411-00081280-00081415 half and then sure enough also i get
5rOixsmDk44-00412-00081416-00081631 this message one day that's like oh hey
5rOixsmDk44-00413-00081632-00081823 i'm so sorry i got a friend request from
5rOixsmDk44-00414-00081824-00081959 you and thanks for sending me a friend
5rOixsmDk44-00415-00081960-00082071 request
5rOixsmDk44-00416-00082072-00082350 and i was like cute boy is talking to me
5rOixsmDk44-00417-00082351-00082494 so i was like i gotta respond back and
5rOixsmDk44-00418-00082495-00082726 so i messaged him back and it and after
5rOixsmDk44-00419-00082727-00082855 like a couple passes back and forth i
5rOixsmDk44-00420-00082856-00082959 was like hey would you like to go grab
5rOixsmDk44-00421-00082960-00083182 lunch sometime and it ended up being
5rOixsmDk44-00422-00083183-00083367 that he was going to be leaving town but
5rOixsmDk44-00423-00083368-00083511 the only time that he had available was
5rOixsmDk44-00424-00083512-00083703 the next day so if i remember right i
5rOixsmDk44-00425-00083704-00083975 think october 2nd of 2017 was our first
5rOixsmDk44-00426-00083976-00084150 date we went to a little restaurant
5rOixsmDk44-00427-00084151-00084462 there in lehi and i showed up with
5rOixsmDk44-00428-00084463-00084591 i think especially because i had
5rOixsmDk44-00429-00084592-00084726 comfortably dated i was comfortable with
5rOixsmDk44-00430-00084727-00084935 myself had a lot of great friends
5rOixsmDk44-00431-00084936-00085047 and uh
5rOixsmDk44-00432-00085048-00085182 probably even more comfortable kind of
5rOixsmDk44-00433-00085183-00085318 outside of the settings of the lds
5rOixsmDk44-00434-00085319-00085431 culture
5rOixsmDk44-00435-00085432-00085535 but
5rOixsmDk44-00436-00085536-00085694 i don't know something about kent caught
5rOixsmDk44-00437-00085695-00085879 my eye and i was like
5rOixsmDk44-00438-00085880-00086079 i'm like huh sat down besides the fact
5rOixsmDk44-00439-00086080-00086159 that i thought he was cute and
5rOixsmDk44-00440-00086160-00086335 attractive i was just like
5rOixsmDk44-00441-00086336-00086494 we just chatted and all of a sudden i
5rOixsmDk44-00442-00086495-00086638 think our first date
5rOixsmDk44-00443-00086639-00086935 three and a half hours just went by and
5rOixsmDk44-00444-00086936-00087079 we just sat there and just talked kind
5rOixsmDk44-00445-00087080-00087271 of about everything and anything
5rOixsmDk44-00446-00087272-00087535 i knew really quickly that kent had
5rOixsmDk44-00447-00087536-00087694 you know recently been divorced only i
5rOixsmDk44-00448-00087695-00087847 think about a year at that point and was
5rOixsmDk44-00449-00087848-00087935 kind of
5rOixsmDk44-00450-00087936-00088094 starting to explore and he can talk more
5rOixsmDk44-00451-00088095-00088326 about that but i was like i just know
5rOixsmDk44-00452-00088327-00088631 that this is a good person and he's kind
5rOixsmDk44-00453-00088632-00088718 and
5rOixsmDk44-00454-00088719-00089023 i was like i just want to be his friend
5rOixsmDk44-00455-00089024-00089126 the things you kind of say to yourself
5rOixsmDk44-00456-00089127-00089311 in the beginning anyways
5rOixsmDk44-00457-00089312-00089479 so at that point we just kind of started
5rOixsmDk44-00458-00089480-00089615 to be friends and just kind of started
5rOixsmDk44-00459-00089616-00089726 to hang out when he had some chance and
5rOixsmDk44-00460-00089727-00089838 asked him out and
5rOixsmDk44-00461-00089839-00089982 he said yes and until he gave me good
5rOixsmDk44-00462-00089983-00090103 enough reason not to ask him out i was
5rOixsmDk44-00463-00090104-00090318 going to keep asking him out
5rOixsmDk44-00464-00090319-00090487 yeah
5rOixsmDk44-00465-00090488-00090887 yep
5rOixsmDk44-00466-00090888-00091126 so can't you remember the story the same
5rOixsmDk44-00467-00091127-00091311 way
5rOixsmDk44-00468-00091312-00091503 i mean yeah that's really how it played
5rOixsmDk44-00469-00091504-00091759 out and i think
5rOixsmDk44-00470-00091760-00091926 it by way of i guess
5rOixsmDk44-00471-00091927-00092167 advancing the the story i was in a place
5rOixsmDk44-00472-00092168-00092382 where i was still trying to figure out
5rOixsmDk44-00473-00092383-00092591 if i was ready to date if i wanted today
5rOixsmDk44-00474-00092592-00092862 and dating can be hard like
5rOixsmDk44-00475-00092863-00092967 in
5rOixsmDk44-00476-00092968-00093247 a gay community i expect anywhere and
5rOixsmDk44-00477-00093248-00093511 i'm a very conscientious and often
5rOixsmDk44-00478-00093512-00093687 introverted person so
5rOixsmDk44-00479-00093688-00093894 i am too yeah
5rOixsmDk44-00480-00093895-00094103 very introverted so like
5rOixsmDk44-00481-00094104-00094318 you know i made missteps and i felt
5rOixsmDk44-00482-00094319-00094599 guilty and and terrible about
5rOixsmDk44-00483-00094600-00094767 those missteps or like spending time
5rOixsmDk44-00484-00094768-00094926 with someone or you know
5rOixsmDk44-00485-00094927-00095135 unintentionally misleading someone when
5rOixsmDk44-00486-00095136-00095223 i
5rOixsmDk44-00487-00095224-00095318 you know thought i was building a
5rOixsmDk44-00488-00095319-00095462 friendship but
5rOixsmDk44-00489-00095463-00095647 was misperceived or and that happened
5rOixsmDk44-00490-00095648-00095806 both ways and
5rOixsmDk44-00491-00095807-00096062 you know i i made mistakes that i you
5rOixsmDk44-00492-00096063-00096159 know
5rOixsmDk44-00493-00096160-00096415 feel terrible about but i think
5rOixsmDk44-00494-00096416-00096774 we all make them as we're figuring out
5rOixsmDk44-00495-00096775-00096991 yeah not just our like identity but just
5rOixsmDk44-00496-00096992-00097087 dating
5rOixsmDk44-00497-00097088-00097311 in general and most people i think get
5rOixsmDk44-00498-00097312-00097479 to make those mistakes in their youth
5rOixsmDk44-00499-00097480-00097606 when they're dating people who they
5rOixsmDk44-00500-00097607-00097759 actually want to date
5rOixsmDk44-00501-00097760-00098071 um i was dating you know at that point
5rOixsmDk44-00502-00098072-00098215 who i thought was best for me at the
5rOixsmDk44-00503-00098216-00098399 time but it's a different experience
5rOixsmDk44-00504-00098400-00098543 before you come out and you're you're
5rOixsmDk44-00505-00098544-00098743 trying to date and do your best but
5rOixsmDk44-00506-00098744-00099006 um it's almost like second adolescence
5rOixsmDk44-00507-00099007-00099271 i've heard it called um you know i was
5rOixsmDk44-00508-00099272-00099447 30 at the time and
5rOixsmDk44-00509-00099448-00099743 really dating for the first time
5rOixsmDk44-00510-00099744-00099903 authentically
5rOixsmDk44-00511-00099904-00100094 and so you know you make mistakes and
5rOixsmDk44-00512-00100095-00100318 missteps and you're you're reading and
5rOixsmDk44-00513-00100319-00100487 trying to understand yourself and other
5rOixsmDk44-00514-00100488-00100606 people who
5rOixsmDk44-00515-00100607-00100782 have walked a really similar path and so
5rOixsmDk44-00516-00100783-00100887 it's
5rOixsmDk44-00517-00100888-00101071 i try to give myself and everyone
5rOixsmDk44-00518-00101072-00101326 involved grace because it's just
5rOixsmDk44-00519-00101327-00101591 it can be tough like so many of us as
5rOixsmDk44-00520-00101592-00101726 adult
5rOixsmDk44-00521-00101727-00101887 like men
5rOixsmDk44-00522-00101888-00101974 like
5rOixsmDk44-00523-00101975-00102118 in the church or slightly out of the
5rOixsmDk44-00524-00102119-00102311 church or somewhere in between it's
5rOixsmDk44-00525-00102312-00102551 you're navigating a lot and so i was
5rOixsmDk44-00526-00102552-00102830 very reticent to a large degree to jump
5rOixsmDk44-00527-00102831-00102982 into anything
5rOixsmDk44-00528-00102983-00103239 um but in meeting cole i thought okay
5rOixsmDk44-00529-00103240-00103478 like i can start going on dates and
5rOixsmDk44-00530-00103479-00103647 try to be up front and just like hey
5rOixsmDk44-00531-00103648-00103806 this is where i'm at and i this is new
5rOixsmDk44-00532-00103807-00104054 for me and i am navigating this
5rOixsmDk44-00533-00104055-00104447 um kind of unfamiliar territory and
5rOixsmDk44-00534-00104448-00104678 essentially in in that experimentation
5rOixsmDk44-00535-00104679-00104854 and trying to get to know myself and
5rOixsmDk44-00536-00104855-00104975 others i
5rOixsmDk44-00537-00104976-00105110 was going on a lot of dates and trying
5rOixsmDk44-00538-00105111-00105351 to say yes to opportunities and engage
5rOixsmDk44-00539-00105352-00105583 and if nothing else make new friends in
5rOixsmDk44-00540-00105583-00105734 a new community
5rOixsmDk44-00541-00105735-00105999 and you know inadvertently
5rOixsmDk44-00542-00106000-00106302 found myself overwhelmed um
5rOixsmDk44-00543-00106303-00106527 found myself
5rOixsmDk44-00544-00106528-00106790 you know being
5rOixsmDk44-00545-00106791-00107054 attacked in ways for misleading
5rOixsmDk44-00546-00107055-00107215 you know people who i was trying to
5rOixsmDk44-00547-00107216-00107415 build at least a friendship with and
5rOixsmDk44-00548-00107416-00107615 you know i felt terrible about that
5rOixsmDk44-00549-00107616-00107790 honestly um
5rOixsmDk44-00550-00107791-00107975 but cole was there for that chapter of
5rOixsmDk44-00551-00107976-00108215 my life where i was trying to
5rOixsmDk44-00552-00108216-00108502 kind of safely and genuinely
5rOixsmDk44-00553-00108503-00108599 date
5rOixsmDk44-00554-00108600-00108807 and and do that in the healthiest way i
5rOixsmDk44-00555-00108808-00109071 knew how and uh i remember you know
5rOixsmDk44-00556-00109072-00109263 feeling overwhelmed to the degree that i
5rOixsmDk44-00557-00109264-00109510 just thought i i don't want to do this
5rOixsmDk44-00558-00109511-00109727 anymore like i
5rOixsmDk44-00559-00109728-00109831 shouldn't have done this it was a
5rOixsmDk44-00560-00109832-00110078 mistake i i'm hurting people i never
5rOixsmDk44-00561-00110079-00110223 wanted to hurt i
5rOixsmDk44-00562-00110224-00110423 you know i'm clearly not communicating
5rOixsmDk44-00563-00110424-00110663 as effectively as i thought i
5rOixsmDk44-00564-00110664-00110878 need to just not do this
5rOixsmDk44-00565-00110879-00111231 now possibly ever again and
5rOixsmDk44-00566-00111232-00111447 a lot of that kind of came to a head
5rOixsmDk44-00567-00111448-00111551 um
5rOixsmDk44-00568-00111552-00111854 you know at one point and um
5rOixsmDk44-00569-00111855-00112078 cole sort of stepped up
5rOixsmDk44-00570-00112079-00112366 in that moment and i just remember i
5rOixsmDk44-00571-00112367-00112607 i was heartbroken and hurt i felt guilt
5rOixsmDk44-00572-00112608-00112710 that i had
5rOixsmDk44-00573-00112711-00112966 unintentionally hurt someone else and
5rOixsmDk44-00574-00112967-00113143 i remember just thinking i must oak
5rOixsmDk44-00575-00113144-00113358 whole an apology as well
5rOixsmDk44-00576-00113359-00113447 if
5rOixsmDk44-00577-00113448-00113702 someone else expressed you know
5rOixsmDk44-00578-00113703-00113966 frustration and anger with me for how i
5rOixsmDk44-00579-00113967-00114127 treated them
5rOixsmDk44-00580-00114128-00114286 i expect cole must feel the same way
5rOixsmDk44-00581-00114288-00114510 because i you know was kind of telling
5rOixsmDk44-00582-00114511-00114647 cole this is
5rOixsmDk44-00583-00114648-00114831 a little bit more specific on on
5rOixsmDk44-00584-00114832-00115047 expressing the fact because you were
5rOixsmDk44-00585-00115048-00115207 spending time with with some people and
5rOixsmDk44-00586-00115208-00115399 making friendships and from my
5rOixsmDk44-00587-00115400-00115583 perspective i will even add
5rOixsmDk44-00588-00115583-00115854 that i remember very much like on our
5rOixsmDk44-00589-00115855-00116023 third or fourth date i think i just
5rOixsmDk44-00590-00116024-00116215 spoke up and said hey
5rOixsmDk44-00591-00116216-00116510 i feel like i want to let you know
5rOixsmDk44-00592-00116511-00116695 that i'm attracted to you
5rOixsmDk44-00593-00116696-00116863 that i
5rOixsmDk44-00594-00116864-00117031 haven't really enjoyed spending time
5rOixsmDk44-00595-00117032-00117166 with you
5rOixsmDk44-00596-00117167-00117295 and
5rOixsmDk44-00597-00117296-00117463 i was like i would like to know if we
5rOixsmDk44-00598-00117464-00117615 can continue doing this
5rOixsmDk44-00599-00117616-00117847 and kent and all his transparency
5rOixsmDk44-00600-00117848-00118119 honestly was like that's fine but i'm
5rOixsmDk44-00601-00118120-00118295 just starting to kind of date guys and
5rOixsmDk44-00602-00118296-00118495 really explore this there are other guys
5rOixsmDk44-00603-00118496-00118799 i'm dating and i was like you should
5rOixsmDk44-00604-00118800-00118943 you should date other people you should
5rOixsmDk44-00605-00118944-00119063 get to know
5rOixsmDk44-00606-00119064-00119199 but unless you're telling me you don't
5rOixsmDk44-00607-00119200-00119366 want to spend time with me i'm just
5rOixsmDk44-00608-00119367-00119551 letting you know
5rOixsmDk44-00609-00119552-00119671 i want to spend time with you that i'm
5rOixsmDk44-00610-00119672-00119815 enjoying this and unless you're like hey
5rOixsmDk44-00611-00119816-00119943 cola i just really don't feel the same
5rOixsmDk44-00612-00119944-00120086 way
5rOixsmDk44-00613-00120088-00120190 i
5rOixsmDk44-00614-00120191-00120414 just want you know i'm interested and he
5rOixsmDk44-00615-00120415-00120654 was very transparent at that time to
5rOixsmDk44-00616-00120655-00120783 even be like okay i'm still gonna dating
5rOixsmDk44-00617-00120783-00120878 with people so i'm not trying to make
5rOixsmDk44-00618-00120879-00121014 any commitment but
5rOixsmDk44-00619-00121015-00121199 i and i guess
5rOixsmDk44-00620-00121200-00121366 you didn't have any reason to say you
5rOixsmDk44-00621-00121367-00121583 didn't want to date me at that time
5rOixsmDk44-00622-00121583-00121727 yeah and in hindsight i mean even
5rOixsmDk44-00623-00121728-00121871 hearing you say that my skin crawls
5rOixsmDk44-00624-00121872-00122047 because i'm just like oh my gosh am i a
5rOixsmDk44-00625-00122048-00122263 sociopath
5rOixsmDk44-00626-00122264-00122407 but you know and i think from my
5rOixsmDk44-00627-00122408-00122534 perspective because i did have a couple
5rOixsmDk44-00628-00122535-00122702 years of openly dating before kent where
5rOixsmDk44-00629-00122703-00122814 i was like
5rOixsmDk44-00630-00122815-00123007 no you should and i do think that in our
5rOixsmDk44-00631-00123008-00123286 culture there is appropri there should
5rOixsmDk44-00632-00123288-00123527 be more appropriate space
5rOixsmDk44-00633-00123528-00123799 to understand more of like
5rOixsmDk44-00634-00123800-00123999 what is authentic
5rOixsmDk44-00635-00124000-00124199 authentic and i think we we talk about
5rOixsmDk44-00636-00124200-00124334 sometimes too and specifically in gay
5rOixsmDk44-00637-00124335-00124502 culture and coming from a very
5rOixsmDk44-00638-00124503-00124847 uh normal strict uh society to then all
5rOixsmDk44-00639-00124848-00124999 of a sudden feeling the expression of
5rOixsmDk44-00640-00125000-00125143 freedom that you hear this term of the
5rOixsmDk44-00641-00125144-00125383 pendulum swing and i kind of feel like
5rOixsmDk44-00642-00125383-00125534 if that indeed is going to happen it
5rOixsmDk44-00643-00125535-00125686 typically then gets to like find that
5rOixsmDk44-00644-00125688-00125886 middle middle ground and everybody
5rOixsmDk44-00645-00125888-00126014 should get to kind of have that variant
5rOixsmDk44-00646-00126015-00126134 to figure out like what really feels
5rOixsmDk44-00647-00126135-00126343 good and this is maybe off the topic and
5rOixsmDk44-00648-00126344-00126478 we can go more a little bit later on but
5rOixsmDk44-00649-00126479-00126758 within the gay culture and that spectrum
5rOixsmDk44-00650-00126759-00126958 there's everything
5rOixsmDk44-00651-00126959-00127175 as far as like what fantasy and
5rOixsmDk44-00652-00127176-00127463 interests and and things that you find
5rOixsmDk44-00653-00127464-00127663 and i kind of feel like i would be one
5rOixsmDk44-00654-00127664-00127839 who would speak up by saying
5rOixsmDk44-00655-00127840-00128071 that should be a spectrum to understand
5rOixsmDk44-00656-00128072-00128358 and not be afraid of it but like so i
5rOixsmDk44-00657-00128359-00128558 was like no like ken
5rOixsmDk44-00658-00128559-00128695 unless you tell me you really don't want
5rOixsmDk44-00659-00128696-00128871 her not feeling anything i'm just being
5rOixsmDk44-00660-00128872-00129086 vulnerable by saying i really enjoy our
5rOixsmDk44-00661-00129088-00129286 time together but i would even encourage
5rOixsmDk44-00662-00129288-00129471 you to keep dating other people now i
5rOixsmDk44-00663-00129472-00129663 understand and especially for kent
5rOixsmDk44-00664-00129664-00129807 the idea of still going on multiple
5rOixsmDk44-00665-00129808-00129958 dates with the same people and kind of
5rOixsmDk44-00666-00129959-00130175 like getting the chance to ask himself
5rOixsmDk44-00667-00130176-00130302 huh well we went to a movie and it was
5rOixsmDk44-00668-00130303-00130439 nicer we got to have good conversations
5rOixsmDk44-00669-00130440-00130647 it was nice and i don't
5rOixsmDk44-00670-00130648-00130839 like unless he's being forced to choose
5rOixsmDk44-00671-00130840-00130983 if you're not really ready to choose i
5rOixsmDk44-00672-00130983-00131175 was like i'm fine i'm just expressing my
5rOixsmDk44-00673-00131176-00131319 interest
5rOixsmDk44-00674-00131320-00131535 you should get to know what feels good
5rOixsmDk44-00675-00131536-00131766 but in that though even if it was just
5rOixsmDk44-00676-00131767-00131887 spending time with some of the same
5rOixsmDk44-00677-00131888-00132102 people it meant more to some of those
5rOixsmDk44-00678-00132103-00132207 people
5rOixsmDk44-00679-00132208-00132375 than it might have done to you and when
5rOixsmDk44-00680-00132376-00132495 they found out that he was still dating
5rOixsmDk44-00681-00132496-00132687 other people kind of called you out in a
5rOixsmDk44-00682-00132688-00132839 way that made you feel like you were
5rOixsmDk44-00683-00132840-00132990 misleading to people that would you say
5rOixsmDk44-00684-00132991-00133302 that's incorrect yeah i just you know
5rOixsmDk44-00685-00133303-00133614 unintentional but rookie mistake or
5rOixsmDk44-00686-00133615-00133814 however you want to
5rOixsmDk44-00687-00133815-00133999 you know spell that out
5rOixsmDk44-00688-00134000-00134119 and
5rOixsmDk44-00689-00134120-00134383 i guess it's important to just
5rOixsmDk44-00690-00134384-00134590 the dialogue around gay dating and maybe
5rOixsmDk44-00691-00134591-00134911 it's specific to utah i i expect not
5rOixsmDk44-00692-00134912-00135039 but
5rOixsmDk44-00693-00135040-00135278 it's it is a small circle and it's you
5rOixsmDk44-00694-00135279-00135463 never want to make
5rOixsmDk44-00695-00135464-00135647 enemies i never want to make
5rOixsmDk44-00696-00135648-00135775 enemies and that you know that was never
5rOixsmDk44-00697-00135776-00135895 my intention and i think in the best
5rOixsmDk44-00698-00135896-00136071 case scenario you date
5rOixsmDk44-00699-00136072-00136159 and
5rOixsmDk44-00700-00136160-00136343 you form really significant friendships
5rOixsmDk44-00701-00136344-00136527 if nothing else and like that's the hope
5rOixsmDk44-00702-00136528-00136614 right is
5rOixsmDk44-00703-00136615-00136887 hey we tried something more romantic and
5rOixsmDk44-00704-00136888-00137143 weren't feeling it but
5rOixsmDk44-00705-00137144-00137254 you know i have you as a friend and an
5rOixsmDk44-00706-00137255-00137471 ally now and in this kind of small
5rOixsmDk44-00707-00137472-00137614 community
5rOixsmDk44-00708-00137615-00137814 so that was something i was navigating
5rOixsmDk44-00709-00137815-00137919 and
5rOixsmDk44-00710-00137920-00138143 you know when that sort of like became
5rOixsmDk44-00711-00138144-00138319 hard and painful for me and i felt like
5rOixsmDk44-00712-00138320-00138535 i was doing more harm than good
5rOixsmDk44-00713-00138536-00138639 cole kind of just showed up in that
5rOixsmDk44-00714-00138640-00138847 moment and was like kent
5rOixsmDk44-00715-00138848-00139047 i'm here as a friend and i want you to
5rOixsmDk44-00716-00139048-00139143 know that
5rOixsmDk44-00717-00139144-00139223 i
5rOixsmDk44-00718-00139224-00139375 expect to understand what you're feeling
5rOixsmDk44-00719-00139376-00139583 right now and i i think you probably
5rOixsmDk44-00720-00139584-00139831 feel some guilt and you've you know
5rOixsmDk44-00721-00139832-00140071 maybe caused some pain and
5rOixsmDk44-00722-00140072-00140183 however that looks for you i just want
5rOixsmDk44-00723-00140184-00140439 you to know i'm here as a friend and
5rOixsmDk44-00724-00140440-00140543 you
5rOixsmDk44-00725-00140544-00140654 you know
5rOixsmDk44-00726-00140655-00140783 can take time to figure this out you
5rOixsmDk44-00727-00140784-00140959 don't owe me anything
5rOixsmDk44-00728-00140960-00141095 and just kind of walked me through it it
5rOixsmDk44-00729-00141096-00141351 was a tough you know moment
5rOixsmDk44-00730-00141352-00141631 and uh at that point he's like you know
5rOixsmDk44-00731-00141632-00141766 if you ever would be interested in
5rOixsmDk44-00732-00141767-00141959 dating again
5rOixsmDk44-00733-00141960-00142054 i'm gonna
5rOixsmDk44-00734-00142055-00142278 leave that to you you know you can
5rOixsmDk44-00735-00142279-00142495 circle back he said i may or may not be
5rOixsmDk44-00736-00142496-00142711 like waiting for you but like if you
5rOixsmDk44-00737-00142712-00142943 feel like you're ready to
5rOixsmDk44-00738-00142944-00143119 circle back and we can try dating again
5rOixsmDk44-00739-00143120-00143335 like let me know and if if that works
5rOixsmDk44-00740-00143336-00143543 out great and if not you'll still have a
5rOixsmDk44-00741-00143544-00143639 friend
5rOixsmDk44-00742-00143640-00143839 and i was like man this is
5rOixsmDk44-00743-00143840-00144023 really everything i'd hoped for in
5rOixsmDk44-00744-00144024-00144247 dating is to not make enemies but like
5rOixsmDk44-00745-00144248-00144495 at least end up with a friend so that
5rOixsmDk44-00746-00144496-00144711 was right around you know
5rOixsmDk44-00747-00144712-00144847 the holidays and right around
5rOixsmDk44-00748-00144848-00144983 thanksgiving and so i had shortly after
5rOixsmDk44-00749-00144984-00145111 i went home for christmas you know
5rOixsmDk44-00750-00145112-00145295 shortly after this and saw my family in
5rOixsmDk44-00751-00145296-00145407 idaho and
5rOixsmDk44-00752-00145408-00145535 was working through a lot of it with
5rOixsmDk44-00753-00145536-00145671 them and
5rOixsmDk44-00754-00145672-00145935 you know took it to my board of six
5rOixsmDk44-00755-00145936-00146151 sisters
5rOixsmDk44-00756-00146152-00146311 the uh the board
5rOixsmDk44-00757-00146312-00146447 and just kind of walking them through
5rOixsmDk44-00758-00146448-00146631 this and they're like ken cole sounds
5rOixsmDk44-00759-00146632-00146831 like he really
5rOixsmDk44-00760-00146832-00147095 understands you and if nothing else is
5rOixsmDk44-00761-00147096-00147302 just a good person who like
5rOixsmDk44-00762-00147303-00147495 understands people
5rOixsmDk44-00763-00147496-00147678 and is empathetic and is someone who
5rOixsmDk44-00764-00147679-00147807 like
5rOixsmDk44-00765-00147808-00147966 knows how to like
5rOixsmDk44-00766-00147967-00148143 show up and like as i'm
5rOixsmDk44-00767-00148144-00148271 you know talking through it myself and
5rOixsmDk44-00768-00148272-00148399 they're kind of giving me feedback i was
5rOixsmDk44-00769-00148400-00148583 just like
5rOixsmDk44-00770-00148584-00148847 yeah cole really really
5rOixsmDk44-00771-00148848-00149126 did i think the best thing he could have
5rOixsmDk44-00772-00149127-00149263 for me
5rOixsmDk44-00773-00149264-00149399 in that moment
5rOixsmDk44-00774-00149400-00149623 and by the time i came home from
5rOixsmDk44-00775-00149624-00149926 christmas you know it's near new year's
5rOixsmDk44-00776-00149927-00150143 uh cold reached out and was like hey as
5rOixsmDk44-00777-00150144-00150271 a friend
5rOixsmDk44-00778-00150272-00150502 no strings attached do you want to just
5rOixsmDk44-00779-00150503-00150671 join me and a few other friends at this
5rOixsmDk44-00780-00150672-00150814 new year's eve party
5rOixsmDk44-00781-00150815-00150975 you know that my office is holding and i
5rOixsmDk44-00782-00150976-00151087 was like you know what i'd really like
5rOixsmDk44-00783-00151088-00151295 that because i knew i wanted to like
5rOixsmDk44-00784-00151296-00151519 touch base with him you know having
5rOixsmDk44-00785-00151520-00151695 thought through a few things
5rOixsmDk44-00786-00151696-00151935 and uh to paraphrase
5rOixsmDk44-00787-00151936-00152054 oh no
5rOixsmDk44-00788-00152055-00152223 no
5rOixsmDk44-00789-00152224-00152439 sure
5rOixsmDk44-00790-00152440-00152607 so i was fairly new working for a
5rOixsmDk44-00791-00152608-00152719 company
5rOixsmDk44-00792-00152720-00152847 and
5rOixsmDk44-00793-00152848-00153007 all that i know is that i get called
5rOixsmDk44-00794-00153008-00153263 into the office and they're like
5rOixsmDk44-00795-00153264-00153454 uh you're invited to the new year's eve
5rOixsmDk44-00796-00153455-00153702 party at our boss's house
5rOixsmDk44-00797-00153703-00153823 and all that i know is that in the short
5rOixsmDk44-00798-00153824-00153966 term that i've worked there i've heard
5rOixsmDk44-00799-00153967-00154102 stories
5rOixsmDk44-00800-00154103-00154263 about how grand and significant this
5rOixsmDk44-00801-00154264-00154447 house is
5rOixsmDk44-00802-00154448-00154566 anyways that won't go into too many
5rOixsmDk44-00803-00154567-00154751 details but i called a couple of my
5rOixsmDk44-00804-00154752-00154951 friends and i'm like yo i have no idea
5rOixsmDk44-00805-00154952-00155119 what it's going to be like
5rOixsmDk44-00806-00155120-00155295 but i'm technically allowed a plus one
5rOixsmDk44-00807-00155296-00155511 i'm gonna bring plus three
5rOixsmDk44-00808-00155512-00155654 and let's go check out this house and we
5rOixsmDk44-00809-00155655-00155783 can go do whatever we want in salt lake
5rOixsmDk44-00810-00155784-00155966 once the the house is there once it's
5rOixsmDk44-00811-00155967-00156166 open or over i remember that year two
5rOixsmDk44-00812-00156167-00156302 new year's eve fell on a sunday so it
5rOixsmDk44-00813-00156303-00156559 was like a weird date because like if
5rOixsmDk44-00814-00156560-00156695 the sunday so like half of everything's
5rOixsmDk44-00815-00156696-00156943 closed there's really not much going on
5rOixsmDk44-00816-00156944-00157054 but anyways i reached out to ken i'm
5rOixsmDk44-00817-00157055-00157207 like hey some friends and i have invited
5rOixsmDk44-00818-00157208-00157343 some friends to come to this work party
5rOixsmDk44-00819-00157344-00157471 with me would you like to go or do you
5rOixsmDk44-00820-00157472-00157590 have any plans right now for new year's
5rOixsmDk44-00821-00157591-00157766 eve and i also felt like i specifically
5rOixsmDk44-00822-00157767-00157999 invited a couple of my other gay friends
5rOixsmDk44-00823-00158000-00158159 and for me and maybe just to go back too
5rOixsmDk44-00824-00158160-00158390 because another very important point or
5rOixsmDk44-00825-00158391-00158535 something that i think served me really
5rOixsmDk44-00826-00158536-00158759 well in dating
5rOixsmDk44-00827-00158760-00158966 is and i think that is the the hardest
5rOixsmDk44-00828-00158967-00159159 and one of the most critical aspects of
5rOixsmDk44-00829-00159160-00159319 gay culture and specifically coming away
5rOixsmDk44-00830-00159320-00159543 from that gay mormons when you are in a
5rOixsmDk44-00831-00159544-00159671 space where you start to allow yourself
5rOixsmDk44-00832-00159672-00159983 to date the idea because you need
5rOixsmDk44-00833-00159984-00160159 masculine feminine friends but i also
5rOixsmDk44-00834-00160160-00160287 feel like you still need masculine
5rOixsmDk44-00835-00160288-00160423 friends besides people who are now
5rOixsmDk44-00836-00160424-00160607 dating and i do think that there is a
5rOixsmDk44-00837-00160608-00160807 level of immaturity when it comes to
5rOixsmDk44-00838-00160808-00160966 dating
5rOixsmDk44-00839-00160967-00161102 authentically for the first time however
5rOixsmDk44-00840-00161103-00161287 that looks for you individually right if
5rOixsmDk44-00841-00161288-00161495 gay lesbian transgender so-and-so i feel
5rOixsmDk44-00842-00161496-00161583 like
5rOixsmDk44-00843-00161584-00161726 that
5rOixsmDk44-00844-00161727-00161911 you're now figuring out as ken mentioned
5rOixsmDk44-00845-00161912-00162071 instead of an adolescent sending a notes
5rOixsmDk44-00846-00162072-00162190 of like check yes or no if you want to
5rOixsmDk44-00847-00162191-00162390 meet under the bleachers it's now like
5rOixsmDk44-00848-00162391-00162543 uh i
5rOixsmDk44-00849-00162544-00162678 and so i really is that second
5rOixsmDk44-00850-00162679-00162783 adolescence where i feel like there's a
5rOixsmDk44-00851-00162784-00162959 lot of immaturity to kind of now figure
5rOixsmDk44-00852-00162960-00163119 out because you're actually dating
5rOixsmDk44-00853-00163120-00163295 authentically now for the first time and
5rOixsmDk44-00854-00163296-00163463 the emotions
5rOixsmDk44-00855-00163464-00163719 you've compressed these emotions and i
5rOixsmDk44-00856-00163720-00163878 think that they have the ability to come
5rOixsmDk44-00857-00163879-00164126 out in various forms and in various ways
5rOixsmDk44-00858-00164127-00164407 that is sometimes very detrimental and i
5rOixsmDk44-00859-00164408-00164599 think especially on the emotional level
5rOixsmDk44-00860-00164600-00164847 because you're no longer just a 13 year
5rOixsmDk44-00861-00164848-00164990 old kid he's figuring this out at the
5rOixsmDk44-00862-00164991-00165199 awkward stage of junior high when you're
5rOixsmDk44-00863-00165200-00165319 also getting bo and learning how to use
5rOixsmDk44-00864-00165320-00165519 deodorant you're figuring this out
5rOixsmDk44-00865-00165520-00165790 in your 20s and you are now a full
5rOixsmDk44-00866-00165791-00166038 capable person an adult
5rOixsmDk44-00867-00166039-00166231 and i think that that emotion now and
5rOixsmDk44-00868-00166232-00166375 like letting out of the box can
5rOixsmDk44-00869-00166376-00166511 represent also too i think a lot of the
5rOixsmDk44-00870-00166512-00166631 extremes
5rOixsmDk44-00871-00166632-00166878 anyways and so for me trying to be a
5rOixsmDk44-00872-00166879-00166983 friend to kent and observing his
5rOixsmDk44-00873-00166984-00167135 situation and again i'm not one who
5rOixsmDk44-00874-00167136-00167247 believes i know everything but i was
5rOixsmDk44-00875-00167248-00167383 like if i was kid this is what i feel
5rOixsmDk44-00876-00167384-00167631 like i would need i need good friends
5rOixsmDk44-00877-00167632-00167790 besides just knowing who i can date and
5rOixsmDk44-00878-00167791-00167902 who i can't
5rOixsmDk44-00879-00167903-00168071 so i like staged this out and was like
5rOixsmDk44-00880-00168072-00168199 okay i'm gonna invite kent he's gonna
5rOixsmDk44-00881-00168200-00168302 meet a couple other gay friends and
5rOixsmDk44-00882-00168303-00168390 we're just gonna all be friends we're
5rOixsmDk44-00883-00168391-00168519 just gonna go together
5rOixsmDk44-00884-00168520-00168719 he says he'd like to go
5rOixsmDk44-00885-00168720-00169014 new year's eve i'm like vacuuming and
5rOixsmDk44-00886-00169015-00169231 first friend's like oh hey something
5rOixsmDk44-00887-00169232-00169375 came up i can't come i gotta go with my
5rOixsmDk44-00888-00169376-00169495 family
5rOixsmDk44-00889-00169496-00169647 next friend like an hour later is like
5rOixsmDk44-00890-00169648-00169790 hey cole are you going to be bad in bed
5rOixsmDk44-00891-00169791-00169983 if i if i bail something's going to come
5rOixsmDk44-00892-00169984-00170175 up and i'm like no
5rOixsmDk44-00893-00170176-00170423 we i can't be on a date this is this is
5rOixsmDk44-00894-00170424-00170566 kim like we're only friends like we
5rOixsmDk44-00895-00170567-00170814 can't engage like i i have to have a
5rOixsmDk44-00896-00170815-00171054 third person so when my friends bailed i
5rOixsmDk44-00897-00171055-00171263 am like literally messaging everybody
5rOixsmDk44-00898-00171264-00171431 like trying to find a third person who
5rOixsmDk44-00899-00171432-00171654 will be a will a third will so that this
5rOixsmDk44-00900-00171655-00171854 would not look like a date
5rOixsmDk44-00901-00171855-00171983 because we're just supposed to be
5rOixsmDk44-00902-00171984-00172078 friends
5rOixsmDk44-00903-00172079-00172271 anyways but of course by like six
5rOixsmDk44-00904-00172272-00172438 o'clock the day of new year's eve
5rOixsmDk44-00905-00172439-00172575 everybody has plans you know what you're
5rOixsmDk44-00906-00172576-00172695 gonna do that night i couldn't find
5rOixsmDk44-00907-00172696-00172807 anybody
5rOixsmDk44-00908-00172808-00173047 so i like i don't know i think i text
5rOixsmDk44-00909-00173048-00173287 you and i was like uh so can't my
5rOixsmDk44-00910-00173288-00173471 friends kind of build do you have like
5rOixsmDk44-00911-00173472-00173638 anybody else like
5rOixsmDk44-00912-00173639-00173807 one of your six sisters that's me i
5rOixsmDk44-00913-00173808-00173943 don't know they all are actually out of
5rOixsmDk44-00914-00173944-00174063 state but i was like anybody else that
5rOixsmDk44-00915-00174064-00174254 you want to invite on the to come with
5rOixsmDk44-00916-00174255-00174359 us tonight
5rOixsmDk44-00917-00174360-00174559 and he's like ah you know i don't think
5rOixsmDk44-00918-00174560-00174695 so but i'm happy if it's just the two of
5rOixsmDk44-00919-00174696-00174854 us
5rOixsmDk44-00920-00174855-00175054 and i was like wait just the two of us
5rOixsmDk44-00921-00175055-00175231 what does that mean we can make it if we
5rOixsmDk44-00922-00175232-00175463 try oh you would think right and i
5rOixsmDk44-00923-00175464-00175575 remember being like and i'm just like
5rOixsmDk44-00924-00175576-00175711 vacant i'm like what does that mean it's
5rOixsmDk44-00925-00175712-00175838 okay it's just the two of us and i'm
5rOixsmDk44-00926-00175839-00176054 like playing on my head because i'm like
5rOixsmDk44-00927-00176055-00176207 we just kind of had this big talk like
5rOixsmDk44-00928-00176208-00176399 less than a month ago and i like i've
5rOixsmDk44-00929-00176400-00176599 established a friend rule like we're
5rOixsmDk44-00930-00176600-00176878 friends and i i'm like you can't break
5rOixsmDk44-00931-00176879-00177023 the friendship rule and i you know and
5rOixsmDk44-00932-00177024-00177238 i'm like and i'm like just worried about
5rOixsmDk44-00933-00177239-00177431 it so i pull up to his house and i pick
5rOixsmDk44-00934-00177432-00177623 him up and he looked amazing he like had
5rOixsmDk44-00935-00177624-00177902 this cute blazer on like clearly very
5rOixsmDk44-00936-00177903-00178119 business appropriate like for a business
5rOixsmDk44-00937-00178120-00178238 party
5rOixsmDk44-00938-00178239-00178383 and like the whole night i'm like hands
5rOixsmDk44-00939-00178384-00178543 and pockets arms folded i'm not gonna
5rOixsmDk44-00940-00178544-00178687 touch him i'm not gonna do anything like
5rOixsmDk44-00941-00178688-00178807 i'm not opening up his door i'm not
5rOixsmDk44-00942-00178808-00178966 trying to be a gentleman
5rOixsmDk44-00943-00178967-00179183 and kent like the whole night
5rOixsmDk44-00944-00179184-00179447 amazing gets along with everybody like
5rOixsmDk44-00945-00179448-00179719 he hits every joke with my boss like
5rOixsmDk44-00946-00179720-00179902 everything and being like a sales person
5rOixsmDk44-00947-00179903-00180063 i'm like oh you were the perfect date
5rOixsmDk44-00948-00180064-00180166 but i'm like this is not a date we're
5rOixsmDk44-00949-00180167-00180271 friends
5rOixsmDk44-00950-00180272-00180487 anyways but the one thing this party had
5rOixsmDk44-00951-00180488-00180687 besides a beautiful house was terrible
5rOixsmDk44-00952-00180688-00180895 food and there was just like all these
5rOixsmDk44-00953-00180896-00181047 little little hors d'oeuvres with
5rOixsmDk44-00954-00181048-00181271 nothing of substance and kent and i were
5rOixsmDk44-00955-00181272-00181519 starving so finally just prior to
5rOixsmDk44-00956-00181520-00181719 midnight ken's like hey we can just go
5rOixsmDk44-00957-00181720-00181838 back to my place like let's go get a
5rOixsmDk44-00958-00181839-00181999 pizza we're trying to go get food we
5rOixsmDk44-00959-00182000-00182190 decide to leave the only thing we can
5rOixsmDk44-00960-00182191-00182438 find is a domino's pizza so i remember
5rOixsmDk44-00961-00182439-00182631 we get the domino's pizza after waiting
5rOixsmDk44-00962-00182632-00182807 get back to his place and wide as we're
5rOixsmDk44-00963-00182808-00182959 walking in the doors
5rOixsmDk44-00964-00182960-00183143 all sudden pots and everything screams
5rOixsmDk44-00965-00183144-00183359 and i was like oh
5rOixsmDk44-00966-00183360-00183566 happy new years but i'm just like
5rOixsmDk44-00967-00183567-00183790 fist bump because as bad as i feel like
5rOixsmDk44-00968-00183791-00184023 i would have loved a new year's kiss
5rOixsmDk44-00969-00184024-00184175 we're friends and i'm not gonna break
5rOixsmDk44-00970-00184176-00184414 that rule
5rOixsmDk44-00971-00184415-00184623 anyway so we go inside
5rOixsmDk44-00972-00184624-00184807 after the fist bump from friends for new
5rOixsmDk44-00973-00184808-00184911 year's eve
5rOixsmDk44-00974-00184912-00185031 eating the pizza we're kind of just
5rOixsmDk44-00975-00185032-00185151 talking
5rOixsmDk44-00976-00185152-00185263 and now i feel like i should pass the
5rOixsmDk44-00977-00185264-00185447 ball back to you and you can say what
5rOixsmDk44-00978-00185448-00185678 you did that night yeah and so by that
5rOixsmDk44-00979-00185679-00185902 point when i got invited to this party i
5rOixsmDk44-00980-00185903-00186014 thought
5rOixsmDk44-00981-00186015-00186190 i'm ready to like circle back with cole
5rOixsmDk44-00982-00186191-00186447 and so i would welcome the opportunity
5rOixsmDk44-00983-00186448-00186543 to
5rOixsmDk44-00984-00186544-00186687 have a minute where i could like chat
5rOixsmDk44-00985-00186688-00186878 with him again and so i go back to my
5rOixsmDk44-00986-00186879-00186975 house
5rOixsmDk44-00987-00186976-00187063 you know
5rOixsmDk44-00988-00187064-00187254 strikes 12 and
5rOixsmDk44-00989-00187255-00187390 i just struck up the conversation of you
5rOixsmDk44-00990-00187391-00187511 know what like
5rOixsmDk44-00991-00187512-00187775 i want to circle back and
5rOixsmDk44-00992-00187776-00187975 this is how i'd want to do that like
5rOixsmDk44-00993-00187976-00188175 but in my mind i just thought
5rOixsmDk44-00994-00188176-00188390 i'll present this to call now and then
5rOixsmDk44-00995-00188391-00188599 hopefully in like two or three months we
5rOixsmDk44-00996-00188600-00188678 can
5rOixsmDk44-00997-00188679-00188783 you know
5rOixsmDk44-00998-00188784-00188999 i'll see how he feels about it and but
5rOixsmDk44-00999-00189000-00189199 i'll put it out there and and see how it
5rOixsmDk44-01000-00189200-00189447 goes and so i just told him i was like
5rOixsmDk44-01001-00189448-00189566 you know you said if i wanted to date
5rOixsmDk44-01002-00189567-00189759 again i should mention it and you know
5rOixsmDk44-01003-00189760-00189943 i'd love to
5rOixsmDk44-01004-00189944-00190119 try to open that door
5rOixsmDk44-01005-00190120-00190278 and i said i wanna i wanna just date
5rOixsmDk44-01006-00190279-00190550 intentionally and not worry about
5rOixsmDk44-01007-00190551-00190671 trying to
5rOixsmDk44-01008-00190672-00190935 go on other dates or you know and try to
5rOixsmDk44-01009-00190936-00191102 manage other people's feelings at the
5rOixsmDk44-01010-00191103-00191254 same time like i'd love to just
5rOixsmDk44-01011-00191255-00191399 intentionally and
5rOixsmDk44-01012-00191400-00191583 specifically exclusively date you and
5rOixsmDk44-01013-00191584-00191726 see how it goes
5rOixsmDk44-01014-00191727-00191926 and so i just thought you know it said
5rOixsmDk44-01015-00191927-00192078 give that some thought like we can hang
5rOixsmDk44-01016-00192079-00192231 out if you want to and groups in the
5rOixsmDk44-01017-00192232-00192502 meantime or whatever short answer i got
5rOixsmDk44-01018-00192503-00192895 my new year's eve kiss
5rOixsmDk44-01019-00192896-00193159 yeah and so and i was like oh absolutely
5rOixsmDk44-01020-00193160-00193247 and he's like well you don't have to
5rOixsmDk44-01021-00193248-00193423 decide right now and i was like oh no i
5rOixsmDk44-01022-00193424-00193590 decided a long time ago
5rOixsmDk44-01023-00193591-00193750 i just like i'm trying to hold up this
5rOixsmDk44-01024-00193751-00193943 friends act because it but it is rough
5rOixsmDk44-01025-00193944-00194119 see the funny thing is he said it
5rOixsmDk44-01026-00194120-00194295 doesn't matter like i may or may not
5rOixsmDk44-01027-00194296-00194463 wait for you but if you would have seen
5rOixsmDk44-01028-00194464-00194607 his day planner it would have been
5rOixsmDk44-01029-00194608-00194863 waiting waiting waiting every day of the
5rOixsmDk44-01030-00194864-00195023 week waiting waiting waiting waiting
5rOixsmDk44-01031-00195024-00195166 wait yeah
5rOixsmDk44-01032-00195167-00195399 so that's kind of how it officially
5rOixsmDk44-01033-00195400-00195575 started it was you know
5rOixsmDk44-01034-00195576-00195775 january 1st
5rOixsmDk44-01035-00195776-00196095 or 20th 2018. yeah and
5rOixsmDk44-01036-00196096-00196311 we were kind of inseparable from that
5rOixsmDk44-01037-00196312-00196583 point and i've had many relationships
5rOixsmDk44-01038-00196584-00196759 and because i couldn't spend quality
5rOixsmDk44-01039-00196760-00196943 time with somebody and if anybody
5rOixsmDk44-01040-00196944-00197087 studies the love languages i will be the
5rOixsmDk44-01041-00197088-00197263 first one to say that quality time is
5rOixsmDk44-01042-00197264-00197399 hard for me
5rOixsmDk44-01043-00197400-00197607 because i grew up on a farm i feel like
5rOixsmDk44-01044-00197608-00197759 it's about you do your act of service
5rOixsmDk44-01045-00197760-00197926 for somebody you tell them they look
5rOixsmDk44-01046-00197927-00198014 nice
5rOixsmDk44-01047-00198015-00198111 but then it's like if you're not
5rOixsmDk44-01048-00198112-00198238 accomplishing something we got to move
5rOixsmDk44-01049-00198239-00198399 on like what are we doing
5rOixsmDk44-01050-00198400-00198614 something for the first time in my life
5rOixsmDk44-01051-00198615-00198766 it was just
5rOixsmDk44-01052-00198767-00199078 so easy to spend time together um it
5rOixsmDk44-01053-00199079-00199214 probably helped that it was winter and
5rOixsmDk44-01054-00199215-00199454 kentucky love sex so we watched a lot of
5rOixsmDk44-01055-00199455-00199647 movies we actually even like did a fun
5rOixsmDk44-01056-00199648-00199790 date thing where we'd read books like we
5rOixsmDk44-01057-00199791-00199911 just picked a book and would take turns
5rOixsmDk44-01058-00199912-00200111 reading chapters to each other which was
5rOixsmDk44-01059-00200112-00200343 he's really good at reading i realized
5rOixsmDk44-01060-00200344-00200471 i'm not especially when i'm like nervous
5rOixsmDk44-01061-00200472-00200614 and trying to impress somebody just like
5rOixsmDk44-01062-00200615-00200775 how i was like oh what's that word again
5rOixsmDk44-01063-00200776-00201023 oh my gosh it's that okay
5rOixsmDk44-01064-00201024-00201199 i don't know but anyways and so like all
5rOixsmDk44-01065-00201200-00201335 of a sudden in that time too though but
5rOixsmDk44-01066-00201336-00201631 i i dare feel like and say
5rOixsmDk44-01067-00201632-00201790 especially given the circumstances that
5rOixsmDk44-01068-00201791-00201919 all that we'd been through over the like
5rOixsmDk44-01069-00201920-00202063 that three four months we got to know
5rOixsmDk44-01070-00202064-00202150 each other
5rOixsmDk44-01071-00202151-00202326 we went really slow like things are
5rOixsmDk44-01072-00202327-00202471 really casual
5rOixsmDk44-01073-00202472-00202695 and it was just
5rOixsmDk44-01074-00202696-00202783 i don't know especially because i think
5rOixsmDk44-01075-00202784-00202926 i had had opportunities and dated and
5rOixsmDk44-01076-00202927-00203087 done a lot of stuff and was comfortable
5rOixsmDk44-01077-00203088-00203238 with myself
5rOixsmDk44-01078-00203239-00203495 it felt very appropriate to just enjoy
5rOixsmDk44-01079-00203496-00203638 the space and time with kent which i
5rOixsmDk44-01080-00203639-00203759 also feel like
5rOixsmDk44-01081-00203760-00203999 personally has also laid the foundation
5rOixsmDk44-01082-00204000-00204183 for our relationship
5rOixsmDk44-01083-00204184-00204366 and even when kent
5rOixsmDk44-01084-00204367-00204614 we dated for about six months
5rOixsmDk44-01085-00204615-00204711 well
5rOixsmDk44-01086-00204712-00204903 one one significant really hard thing
5rOixsmDk44-01087-00204904-00205046 happened after we've been dating for
5rOixsmDk44-01088-00205048-00205255 about three to four months
5rOixsmDk44-01089-00205256-00205479 i had a really great roommate who i had
5rOixsmDk44-01090-00205480-00205679 lived with for a year and a half
5rOixsmDk44-01091-00205680-00206006 and i guess on march 31st yeah so it was
5rOixsmDk44-01092-00206007-00206166 about three or about four months later
5rOixsmDk44-01093-00206167-00206390 he took his life
5rOixsmDk44-01094-00206391-00206542 and it was a really
5rOixsmDk44-01095-00206544-00206742 really rough time and which point to
5rOixsmDk44-01096-00206744-00206886 kent
5rOixsmDk44-01097-00206887-00207110 was a great support
5rOixsmDk44-01098-00207111-00207271 but i also had to make a decision at
5rOixsmDk44-01099-00207271-00207455 this time i was living in pleasant grove
5rOixsmDk44-01100-00207456-00207598 ken was living in harriman and anybody
5rOixsmDk44-01101-00207600-00207742 who knows utah county and salt lake
5rOixsmDk44-01102-00207744-00207855 county that was
5rOixsmDk44-01103-00207856-00208103 maybe a good 20 25 minute drive from
5rOixsmDk44-01104-00208104-00208238 where we were at from each other and we
5rOixsmDk44-01105-00208239-00208431 were just every other night would like
5rOixsmDk44-01106-00208432-00208566 spend the evening with each other with
5rOixsmDk44-01107-00208567-00208703 each other and kent
5rOixsmDk44-01108-00208704-00208823 at the time was living in the basement
5rOixsmDk44-01109-00208823-00209038 apartment of a sister's house and so we
5rOixsmDk44-01110-00209039-00209214 never spent the night it just wasn't a
5rOixsmDk44-01111-00209215-00209366 good situation it wasn't a good setup to
5rOixsmDk44-01112-00209367-00209590 be able to stay the night together
5rOixsmDk44-01113-00209591-00209703 and um
5rOixsmDk44-01114-00209704-00209831 and so
5rOixsmDk44-01115-00209832-00209951 we were driving back and forth
5rOixsmDk44-01116-00209952-00210158 constantly between harriman and pleasant
5rOixsmDk44-01117-00210159-00210246 grove
5rOixsmDk44-01118-00210248-00210471 when my roommate took his life
5rOixsmDk44-01119-00210471-00210598 and not that it matters but just for the
5rOixsmDk44-01120-00210600-00210791 fact that he was actually a he was
5rOixsmDk44-01121-00210792-00210903 straight
5rOixsmDk44-01122-00210904-00211119 but uh struggling a lot with alcohol and
5rOixsmDk44-01123-00211119-00211215 i think
5rOixsmDk44-01124-00211216-00211382 when all of a sudden i was on cloud nine
5rOixsmDk44-01125-00211383-00211519 and a lot of big part of my life was
5rOixsmDk44-01126-00211519-00211694 going really easy i think i missed some
5rOixsmDk44-01127-00211696-00211831 significant signs of what was happening
5rOixsmDk44-01128-00211832-00212023 in the trauma of his life but we were
5rOixsmDk44-01129-00212023-00212134 past co-workers and worked in the
5rOixsmDk44-01130-00212135-00212231 emergency room together and i think he
5rOixsmDk44-01131-00212232-00212358 was dealing with a lot of stress and
5rOixsmDk44-01132-00212359-00212446 stuff and that's maybe a different
5rOixsmDk44-01133-00212448-00212582 conversation but
5rOixsmDk44-01134-00212583-00212887 it represented a really hard time and it
5rOixsmDk44-01135-00212888-00213055 came with this decision of like well
5rOixsmDk44-01136-00213056-00213246 kent you want to
5rOixsmDk44-01137-00213248-00213423 move out and get your own apartment and
5rOixsmDk44-01138-00213423-00213567 actually
5rOixsmDk44-01139-00213567-00213703 you know he was working for himself and
5rOixsmDk44-01140-00213704-00213871 started his own business doing design
5rOixsmDk44-01141-00213871-00214046 and graphic work
5rOixsmDk44-01142-00214048-00214294 i was working in payson
5rOixsmDk44-01143-00214296-00214471 and was driving assault 30 minutes down
5rOixsmDk44-01144-00214471-00214694 to payson in southern utah county
5rOixsmDk44-01145-00214696-00214855 and i was like and i but i had to make
5rOixsmDk44-01146-00214856-00215046 the decision within the next month if i
5rOixsmDk44-01147-00215048-00215279 was going to resign a lease and have the
5rOixsmDk44-01148-00215280-00215471 apartment to myself
5rOixsmDk44-01149-00215471-00215823 if i get a new roommate or if i move out
5rOixsmDk44-01150-00215823-00216055 and kent and i i was like listen and
5rOixsmDk44-01151-00216056-00216215 kent was smart and why isn't that where
5rOixsmDk44-01152-00216216-00216375 he's like cole if i wasn't in the
5rOixsmDk44-01153-00216376-00216567 picture what would you do
5rOixsmDk44-01154-00216567-00216791 and i said if you weren't in the picture
5rOixsmDk44-01155-00216792-00216998 i would probably take this opportunity
5rOixsmDk44-01156-00217000-00217271 move in with family in spanish fork save
5rOixsmDk44-01157-00217271-00217503 money and then try to regroup and figure
5rOixsmDk44-01158-00217504-00217639 out what i want to do and go someplace
5rOixsmDk44-01159-00217640-00217727 else
5rOixsmDk44-01160-00217728-00217879 and after saying it out loud and i'm
5rOixsmDk44-01161-00217880-00218079 grateful for ken to give me that space
5rOixsmDk44-01162-00218080-00218191 like we both looked at each other and i
5rOixsmDk44-01163-00218192-00218439 was like oh crap as a
5rOixsmDk44-01164-00218440-00218823 34 year old or 33 however old i was like
5rOixsmDk44-01165-00218823-00219127 i'm gonna move home with my family again
5rOixsmDk44-01166-00219128-00219303 and uh because i also was like knowing
5rOixsmDk44-01167-00219304-00219519 that he wasn't in a space to move in and
5rOixsmDk44-01168-00219519-00219655 it would have been a really big
5rOixsmDk44-01169-00219656-00219855 adjustment it would have been convenient
5rOixsmDk44-01170-00219856-00219951 had ken just been like you know what
5rOixsmDk44-01171-00219952-00220039 cole let's send a lease together i'll
5rOixsmDk44-01172-00220040-00220167 move in with you
5rOixsmDk44-01173-00220167-00220342 but i also feel like
5rOixsmDk44-01174-00220344-00220503 we're at the stage where at that point
5rOixsmDk44-01175-00220504-00220663 currently that was probably the longest
5rOixsmDk44-01176-00220664-00220815 relationship got to be in at three and a
5rOixsmDk44-01177-00220816-00220942 half four months most of my other
5rOixsmDk44-01178-00220944-00221103 relationships had fizzled out things
5rOixsmDk44-01179-00221104-00221223 like that
5rOixsmDk44-01180-00221223-00221391 and i was like i don't know like what
5rOixsmDk44-01181-00221392-00221494 the future's gonna hold and it was gonna
5rOixsmDk44-01182-00221496-00221646 be a year lease and i was like i don't
5rOixsmDk44-01183-00221648-00221815 wanna do that to us i also don't feel
5rOixsmDk44-01184-00221816-00222006 like we shouldn't do things just out of
5rOixsmDk44-01185-00222007-00222223 convenience and
5rOixsmDk44-01186-00222223-00222503 so we were like okay so i packed up the
5rOixsmDk44-01187-00222504-00222751 apartment and i moved home to spanish
5rOixsmDk44-01188-00222752-00222887 fork
5rOixsmDk44-01189-00222888-00223071 however
5rOixsmDk44-01190-00223071-00223310 we still spent almost every night
5rOixsmDk44-01191-00223311-00223479 getting together and then i would drive
5rOixsmDk44-01192-00223480-00223615 home to family he would drive home to
5rOixsmDk44-01193-00223616-00223758 family and we would take turns going to
5rOixsmDk44-01194-00223759-00223951 herriman he'd come to spanish fork which
5rOixsmDk44-01195-00223952-00224151 is now like a 45 minute almost an hour
5rOixsmDk44-01196-00224152-00224287 drive
5rOixsmDk44-01197-00224288-00224463 and it was and that's where two i felt
5rOixsmDk44-01198-00224464-00224591 like things look really solidified
5rOixsmDk44-01199-00224592-00224727 because i lived at home for about three
5rOixsmDk44-01200-00224728-00224863 or four months before then i moved to
5rOixsmDk44-01201-00224864-00225079 salt lake and i got a new job and
5rOixsmDk44-01202-00225080-00225223 anyways and just all throughout that
5rOixsmDk44-01203-00225223-00225358 time though we didn't do things just out
5rOixsmDk44-01204-00225359-00225551 of convenience because we could and it
5rOixsmDk44-01205-00225552-00225767 would have been really convenient
5rOixsmDk44-01206-00225767-00225934 but it also i felt like kind of laid
5rOixsmDk44-01207-00225935-00226175 down some solid groundwork
5rOixsmDk44-01208-00226176-00226382 of like independence reliability i'd
5rOixsmDk44-01209-00226383-00226510 moved to salt lake
5rOixsmDk44-01210-00226511-00226663 kent actually then at that point chose
5rOixsmDk44-01211-00226664-00226839 to get an apartment on his own
5rOixsmDk44-01212-00226840-00227031 and again too like i don't know i guess
5rOixsmDk44-01213-00227032-00227175 you can tell that story if you want he
5rOixsmDk44-01214-00227176-00227519 got his own apartment
5rOixsmDk44-01215-00227519-00227671 that's me passing the ball
5rOixsmDk44-01216-00227671-00227758 yeah
5rOixsmDk44-01217-00227759-00227831 i
5rOixsmDk44-01218-00227832-00227958 i think
5rOixsmDk44-01219-00227959-00228167 if there's any lessons learned on our
5rOixsmDk44-01220-00228167-00228487 part from all of this it was very
5rOixsmDk44-01221-00228488-00228687 quickly we did realize that
5rOixsmDk44-01222-00228688-00228879 we were not going to make any choices
5rOixsmDk44-01223-00228880-00229094 out of convenience and we said that out
5rOixsmDk44-01224-00229096-00229239 loud like to each other because we're
5rOixsmDk44-01225-00229240-00229375 like should we just move in we've been
5rOixsmDk44-01226-00229376-00229503 dating three months and it's going
5rOixsmDk44-01227-00229504-00229671 really well
5rOixsmDk44-01228-00229671-00229775 but it was just one of those things that
5rOixsmDk44-01229-00229776-00229998 came up where we're just like it's not a
5rOixsmDk44-01230-00230000-00230206 good enough reason and
5rOixsmDk44-01231-00230207-00230375 you know some people do and some people
5rOixsmDk44-01232-00230376-00230606 like yeah and no judgement yeah that you
5rOixsmDk44-01233-00230607-00230719 know different people walk different
5rOixsmDk44-01234-00230719-00230919 paths and navigate that together
5rOixsmDk44-01235-00230919-00231031 um
5rOixsmDk44-01236-00231032-00231327 for us though we just thought you know
5rOixsmDk44-01237-00231328-00231558 would it be convenient yes
5rOixsmDk44-01238-00231559-00231758 but that's not a good enough reason for
5rOixsmDk44-01239-00231759-00231903 us
5rOixsmDk44-01240-00231904-00232119 and so i got my apartment we were kind
5rOixsmDk44-01241-00232119-00232375 of crisscrossing you know
5rOixsmDk44-01242-00232376-00232455 uh
5rOixsmDk44-01243-00232456-00232655 the state there for a little bit
5rOixsmDk44-01244-00232656-00232742 um
5rOixsmDk44-01245-00232744-00233031 and at length did make the decision to
5rOixsmDk44-01246-00233032-00233255 move in and so cole moved in with me um
5rOixsmDk44-01247-00233256-00233431 into my place right and that was a full
5rOixsmDk44-01248-00233432-00233551 because that he moved into his apartment
5rOixsmDk44-01249-00233552-00233806 in july of 2018
5rOixsmDk44-01250-00233807-00234110 i think so july 2018 and it wasn't until
5rOixsmDk44-01251-00234111-00234382 july 2019 that i actually moved in with
5rOixsmDk44-01252-00234383-00234639 you and so we dated for a solid like
5rOixsmDk44-01253-00234640-00234806 year and a half officially dating before
5rOixsmDk44-01254-00234807-00234982 we decided that we're like okay
5rOixsmDk44-01255-00234983-00235134 we've proven enough time to each other
5rOixsmDk44-01256-00235135-00235463 and we're going to move in together
5rOixsmDk44-01257-00235464-00235598 and it was a really good move it was a
5rOixsmDk44-01258-00235600-00235815 really good opportunity for us to
5rOixsmDk44-01259-00235816-00235967 kind of do that i moved in with kent and
5rOixsmDk44-01260-00235967-00236039 then
5rOixsmDk44-01261-00236040-00236158 i unfortunately that time was also
5rOixsmDk44-01262-00236159-00236303 looking for another job
5rOixsmDk44-01263-00236304-00236431 and
5rOixsmDk44-01264-00236432-00236575 we knew that we were looking at
5rOixsmDk44-01265-00236576-00236727 different options
5rOixsmDk44-01266-00236728-00236951 around salt lake
5rOixsmDk44-01267-00236952-00237167 or utah county and we had some really
5rOixsmDk44-01268-00237167-00237287 good friends who had a town home
5rOixsmDk44-01269-00237288-00237398 available
5rOixsmDk44-01270-00237400-00237575 and so we and they're like listen
5rOixsmDk44-01271-00237576-00237767 because thank goodness for good friends
5rOixsmDk44-01272-00237767-00237934 and relationships they're like we'll let
5rOixsmDk44-01273-00237935-00238079 you just move in be month to month until
5rOixsmDk44-01274-00238080-00238239 you figure out what's going to happen
5rOixsmDk44-01275-00238240-00238431 and literally in the month we moved in
5rOixsmDk44-01276-00238432-00238639 in october of 2019
5rOixsmDk44-01277-00238640-00238894 i found my job that was going to require
5rOixsmDk44-01278-00238896-00239110 us to move to st george
5rOixsmDk44-01279-00239111-00239215 and
5rOixsmDk44-01280-00239216-00239391 so we moved in lived there together for
5rOixsmDk44-01281-00239392-00239671 five months and then kent graciously
5rOixsmDk44-01282-00239671-00239934 agreed to move with me and follow me to
5rOixsmDk44-01283-00239935-00240119 st george
5rOixsmDk44-01284-00240119-00240351 um and so we moved down here february
5rOixsmDk44-01285-00240352-00240534 2020
5rOixsmDk44-01286-00240535-00240751 and i thought if this boy has stuck with
5rOixsmDk44-01287-00240752-00240910 me this long
5rOixsmDk44-01288-00240911-00241094 and put up with me as like
5rOixsmDk44-01289-00241096-00241246 and we had talked about too about our
5rOixsmDk44-01290-00241248-00241367 relationship and where we thought about
5rOixsmDk44-01291-00241367-00241575 what things would go forward and where
5rOixsmDk44-01292-00241576-00241734 we'd like to be
5rOixsmDk44-01293-00241735-00242046 um and so i proposed to kent
5rOixsmDk44-01294-00242048-00242215 in july
5rOixsmDk44-01295-00242216-00242479 he proposed back to me in october was
5rOixsmDk44-01296-00242480-00242623 that november uh yeah it was the
5rOixsmDk44-01297-00242623-00242791 beginning of october yeah did you forget
5rOixsmDk44-01298-00242792-00243079 the first proposal like why yeah
5rOixsmDk44-01299-00243080-00243255 you can explain yeah so it's interesting
5rOixsmDk44-01300-00243256-00243455 people always ask us like well who's
5rOixsmDk44-01301-00243456-00243623 gonna propose who
5rOixsmDk44-01302-00243623-00243863 is gonna do that and
5rOixsmDk44-01303-00243864-00243991 from the time we were dating and like
5rOixsmDk44-01304-00243992-00244191 getting more serious
5rOixsmDk44-01305-00244192-00244319 cole and i just
5rOixsmDk44-01306-00244319-00244630 made this agreement that it was like
5rOixsmDk44-01307-00244631-00244863 we're a partnership in every sense of
5rOixsmDk44-01308-00244864-00245063 the word like if we're doing this thing
5rOixsmDk44-01309-00245064-00245319 for the long haul
5rOixsmDk44-01310-00245319-00245423 where
5rOixsmDk44-01311-00245423-00245639 we're pulling our own weight we're in
5rOixsmDk44-01312-00245640-00245846 this together we're working together
5rOixsmDk44-01313-00245848-00245927 like
5rOixsmDk44-01314-00245928-00246255 and so we just decided early on like
5rOixsmDk44-01315-00246256-00246446 we're both proposing
5rOixsmDk44-01316-00246448-00246646 so like someone can go first someone's
5rOixsmDk44-01317-00246648-00246894 going to go first but the other then
5rOixsmDk44-01318-00246896-00247039 will just
5rOixsmDk44-01319-00247040-00247327 respond like and say like great i want
5rOixsmDk44-01320-00247328-00247591 to marry you do you want to marry me
5rOixsmDk44-01321-00247592-00247719 and i mean you would think the whole
5rOixsmDk44-01322-00247719-00247910 like marry me yes would be like
5rOixsmDk44-01323-00247911-00248127 sufficient and you know
5rOixsmDk44-01324-00248128-00248375 i mean it is one would assume yes it is
5rOixsmDk44-01325-00248376-00248655 but we want the chance as well he said
5rOixsmDk44-01326-00248656-00248782 that but i was like that's fine i'm
5rOixsmDk44-01327-00248783-00249006 gonna propose first i'm just gonna i'm
5rOixsmDk44-01328-00249007-00249151 proposing first unless you're patrick
5rOixsmDk44-01329-00249152-00249503 swayze and just ditto works yeah yeah
5rOixsmDk44-01330-00249504-00249623 but that was just something that in and
5rOixsmDk44-01331-00249623-00249823 of ourselves we just decided kind of
5rOixsmDk44-01332-00249823-00250079 early on in the relationship that like
5rOixsmDk44-01333-00250080-00250255 we both wanted the chance
5rOixsmDk44-01334-00250256-00250551 to propose that question and yeah it
5rOixsmDk44-01335-00250552-00250694 sounds silly and superfluous to be like
5rOixsmDk44-01336-00250696-00250871 well you said yes
5rOixsmDk44-01337-00250871-00251071 and yeah i did when he proposed to me
5rOixsmDk44-01338-00251071-00251151 first
5rOixsmDk44-01339-00251152-00251391 but i wanted the chance to also propose
5rOixsmDk44-01340-00251392-00251582 and i wanted him to have the chance
5rOixsmDk44-01341-00251583-00251863 to say yes and
5rOixsmDk44-01342-00251864-00252087 and so we we did like we both just knew
5rOixsmDk44-01343-00252088-00252255 going in though that that's how we
5rOixsmDk44-01344-00252256-00252446 wanted things to play out so
5rOixsmDk44-01345-00252448-00252630 cole went first and then a few months
5rOixsmDk44-01346-00252631-00252782 later i kind of
5rOixsmDk44-01347-00252783-00253175 made my own plans and proposed back and
5rOixsmDk44-01348-00253176-00253327 yeah when people ask i think it's a
5rOixsmDk44-01349-00253328-00253551 similar reaction i'm just like wait what
5rOixsmDk44-01350-00253552-00253679 like
5rOixsmDk44-01351-00253680-00253894 what you already got engaged but this is
5rOixsmDk44-01352-00253896-00254134 yeah yeah and so because we announced
5rOixsmDk44-01353-00254135-00254342 the first one right call promotions
5rOixsmDk44-01354-00254344-00254582 is going to wear the dress
5rOixsmDk44-01355-00254583-00254846 yeah that's not happening yeah no and i
5rOixsmDk44-01356-00254848-00255215 like this topic of marriage because
5rOixsmDk44-01357-00255216-00255303 um
5rOixsmDk44-01358-00255304-00255487 often when we talk about same-gender
5rOixsmDk44-01359-00255488-00255687 relationships it's
5rOixsmDk44-01360-00255688-00255919 um we
5rOixsmDk44-01361-00255919-00256127 know
5rOixsmDk44-01362-00256128-00256319 this is interesting territory we'll be
5rOixsmDk44-01363-00256319-00256510 together forever till we find somebody
5rOixsmDk44-01364-00256511-00256710 new seems to be the great mantra with
5rOixsmDk44-01365-00256711-00256879 same gender relationships where there's
5rOixsmDk44-01366-00256880-00257071 not a lot of commitment there's there's
5rOixsmDk44-01367-00257071-00257351 commitment until something changes and
5rOixsmDk44-01368-00257352-00257615 then it's easy to to skirt away but in
5rOixsmDk44-01369-00257616-00257887 terms of marriage
5rOixsmDk44-01370-00257888-00258223 why marriage what what about marriage
5rOixsmDk44-01371-00258223-00258310 there's
5rOixsmDk44-01372-00258311-00258527 there isn't obligation to get married
5rOixsmDk44-01373-00258528-00258767 because of children and what we would
5rOixsmDk44-01374-00258767-00258991 typically see in a religious or
5rOixsmDk44-01375-00258992-00259230 heterosexual relationship
5rOixsmDk44-01376-00259231-00259423 and the rearing of children where
5rOixsmDk44-01377-00259423-00259598 society says oh if you're going to get
5rOixsmDk44-01378-00259600-00259798 married or if you're pregnant there
5rOixsmDk44-01379-00259800-00260198 should be a wedding so if that's not
5rOixsmDk44-01380-00260200-00260367 in this relationship
5rOixsmDk44-01381-00260367-00260630 what is so important about marriage that
5rOixsmDk44-01382-00260631-00260958 tells you to this is the next step
5rOixsmDk44-01383-00260959-00261191 so it's funny you ask us that question
5rOixsmDk44-01384-00261192-00261391 because
5rOixsmDk44-01385-00261392-00261582 i don't know a couple years ago
5rOixsmDk44-01386-00261583-00261727 we
5rOixsmDk44-01387-00261728-00261887 well we had that conversation are
5rOixsmDk44-01388-00261888-00262142 amongst ourselves like early on like why
5rOixsmDk44-01389-00262144-00262295 would we get married why wouldn't we get
5rOixsmDk44-01390-00262296-00262471 married what would that look like how
5rOixsmDk44-01391-00262472-00262687 would that change us
5rOixsmDk44-01392-00262688-00262895 and we made it a point that every time
5rOixsmDk44-01393-00262896-00263087 we sat down with someone who was married
5rOixsmDk44-01394-00263088-00263447 we asked the exact same question mostly
5rOixsmDk44-01395-00263448-00263647 i had like genuine curiosity
5rOixsmDk44-01396-00263648-00263799 of just
5rOixsmDk44-01397-00263800-00263975 what changed from the time
5rOixsmDk44-01398-00263976-00264103 you were dating
5rOixsmDk44-01399-00264104-00264287 to when you got married and why why
5rOixsmDk44-01400-00264288-00264430 marriage i think especially too because
5rOixsmDk44-01401-00264431-00264582 a lot of people that's very common
5rOixsmDk44-01402-00264583-00264743 especially and i even believe it is
5rOixsmDk44-01403-00264744-00264903 common outside of
5rOixsmDk44-01404-00264904-00265055 lds culture
5rOixsmDk44-01405-00265056-00265327 mormon culture to spend time living
5rOixsmDk44-01406-00265328-00265439 together
5rOixsmDk44-01407-00265440-00265647 before you officially get married
5rOixsmDk44-01408-00265648-00265919 and and so specifically even within utah
5rOixsmDk44-01409-00265920-00266015 i believe that there's a lot of
5rOixsmDk44-01410-00266016-00266215 especially same gender couples that will
5rOixsmDk44-01411-00266216-00266415 spend time living together before they
5rOixsmDk44-01412-00266416-00266599 get married and i really wanted to know
5rOixsmDk44-01413-00266600-00266710 like if you've already been living with
5rOixsmDk44-01414-00266711-00266895 somebody for six months to a year or for
5rOixsmDk44-01415-00266896-00267127 some of our friends five years
5rOixsmDk44-01416-00267128-00267382 why what's the point why get married
5rOixsmDk44-01417-00267383-00267591 if like and what how do you see your
5rOixsmDk44-01418-00267592-00267830 relationship change with going from just
5rOixsmDk44-01419-00267831-00267982 to somebody you're living with who you
5rOixsmDk44-01420-00267983-00268206 claim to be your significant other to
5rOixsmDk44-01421-00268207-00268375 like officially doing the vows doing i
5rOixsmDk44-01422-00268376-00268463 do
5rOixsmDk44-01423-00268464-00268630 getting married
5rOixsmDk44-01424-00268631-00268782 and uh
5rOixsmDk44-01425-00268783-00269006 and i i was actually really surprised by
5rOixsmDk44-01426-00269007-00269134 people's comments
5rOixsmDk44-01427-00269135-00269287 because i felt like for the most part
5rOixsmDk44-01428-00269288-00269439 there
5rOixsmDk44-01429-00269440-00269567 where i feel like
5rOixsmDk44-01430-00269568-00269719 and you can speak for yourself too and
5rOixsmDk44-01431-00269720-00269871 tell me if you agree
5rOixsmDk44-01432-00269872-00270023 but i feel like the majority of the
5rOixsmDk44-01433-00270024-00270247 comments came down to
5rOixsmDk44-01434-00270248-00270375 knowing that
5rOixsmDk44-01435-00270376-00270527 there was something significant into a
5rOixsmDk44-01436-00270528-00270710 piece of paper that represented to be
5rOixsmDk44-01437-00270711-00270863 able to say my certificate of marriage
5rOixsmDk44-01438-00270864-00271087 is the exact same as yours
5rOixsmDk44-01439-00271088-00271439 and then it issued a new level of
5rOixsmDk44-01440-00271440-00271703 acceptance for even they themselves as
5rOixsmDk44-01441-00271704-00271895 much as it did to like being able to say
5rOixsmDk44-01442-00271896-00272071 like
5rOixsmDk44-01443-00272072-00272263 we are the same
5rOixsmDk44-01444-00272264-00272519 um it also i think represented just like
5rOixsmDk44-01445-00272520-00272734 that next level of commitment i had some
5rOixsmDk44-01446-00272735-00272919 dear friends that they experienced
5rOixsmDk44-01447-00272920-00273119 significant trauma after they got
5rOixsmDk44-01448-00273120-00273430 married and one of my good friends lost
5rOixsmDk44-01449-00273431-00273663 her nephew to cancer and they played a
5rOixsmDk44-01450-00273664-00273895 very big role in that family
5rOixsmDk44-01451-00273896-00274103 and it just brought up some stresses
5rOixsmDk44-01452-00274104-00274279 that they were vulnerable with us by
5rOixsmDk44-01453-00274280-00274471 saying if we weren't married i don't
5rOixsmDk44-01454-00274472-00274647 know if we would have made it
5rOixsmDk44-01455-00274648-00274815 but because we were married it would
5rOixsmDk44-01456-00274816-00275039 made it we would have gone through x
5rOixsmDk44-01457-00275040-00275255 amount of more steps to then officially
5rOixsmDk44-01458-00275256-00275382 separate
5rOixsmDk44-01459-00275383-00275510 and because we would have had to go
5rOixsmDk44-01460-00275511-00275647 through those many more steps we chose
5rOixsmDk44-01461-00275648-00275919 not to and now we are stronger together
5rOixsmDk44-01462-00275920-00276151 because we had the trauma together that
5rOixsmDk44-01463-00276152-00276303 marriage just meant that it was
5rOixsmDk44-01464-00276304-00276543 something more that just thickened the
5rOixsmDk44-01465-00276544-00276687 attachment
5rOixsmDk44-01466-00276688-00276863 of connection
5rOixsmDk44-01467-00276864-00276999 to make them fight through what were
5rOixsmDk44-01468-00277000-00277158 some of the hardest times in their life
5rOixsmDk44-01469-00277159-00277351 that they had experienced yet
5rOixsmDk44-01470-00277352-00277582 and those moments and like understanding
5rOixsmDk44-01471-00277583-00277806 that really made me realize i do want
5rOixsmDk44-01472-00277807-00277934 that
5rOixsmDk44-01473-00277935-00278063 do you want i do want to say something
5rOixsmDk44-01474-00278064-00278191 but i feel like i want you to speak to
5rOixsmDk44-01475-00278192-00278399 like about it first what you think
5rOixsmDk44-01476-00278400-00278647 yeah i think for me
5rOixsmDk44-01477-00278648-00278823 when people ask you know why get married
5rOixsmDk44-01478-00278824-00279015 and not just live together and live out
5rOixsmDk44-01479-00279016-00279223 your lives together
5rOixsmDk44-01480-00279224-00279343 it's
5rOixsmDk44-01481-00279344-00279639 to me it just represents that i'm
5rOixsmDk44-01482-00279640-00279806 entering a relationship
5rOixsmDk44-01483-00279807-00280167 with no intention to exit
5rOixsmDk44-01484-00280168-00280255 and
5rOixsmDk44-01485-00280256-00280551 marriage is one of many ways
5rOixsmDk44-01486-00280552-00280751 that represents that i'm not looking for
5rOixsmDk44-01487-00280752-00281071 an easy way out of this relationship
5rOixsmDk44-01488-00281072-00281151 um
5rOixsmDk44-01489-00281152-00281327 i've been divorced once
5rOixsmDk44-01490-00281328-00281534 and i'm not looking
5rOixsmDk44-01491-00281535-00281751 to divorce again and admittedly there
5rOixsmDk44-01492-00281752-00281895 are times where i think well if i don't
5rOixsmDk44-01493-00281896-00282071 get married again i won't get divorced
5rOixsmDk44-01494-00282072-00282182 again
5rOixsmDk44-01495-00282183-00282263 um
5rOixsmDk44-01496-00282264-00282575 but at the same time
5rOixsmDk44-01497-00282576-00282782 getting married is a commitment to
5rOixsmDk44-01498-00282783-00283047 myself that i'm to show up for coal
5rOixsmDk44-01499-00283048-00283215 it's a commitment that he
5rOixsmDk44-01500-00283216-00283382 makes to me that he's going to show up
5rOixsmDk44-01501-00283383-00283471 for me
5rOixsmDk44-01502-00283472-00283767 and that if at length we determine we
5rOixsmDk44-01503-00283768-00284023 divorce or have to go our separate ways
5rOixsmDk44-01504-00284024-00284295 it's one more pause
5rOixsmDk44-01505-00284296-00284454 before we do that
5rOixsmDk44-01506-00284455-00284719 to have to actually file for divorce
5rOixsmDk44-01507-00284720-00284863 and that's a pause that i'm willing to
5rOixsmDk44-01508-00284864-00285158 take and that i plan to take if we ever
5rOixsmDk44-01509-00285159-00285343 arrive to that place
5rOixsmDk44-01510-00285344-00285654 and so for me marriage among many things
5rOixsmDk44-01511-00285655-00285806 at the risk of sounding you know overly
5rOixsmDk44-01512-00285807-00285982 kind of clinical
5rOixsmDk44-01513-00285983-00286134 it's just
5rOixsmDk44-01514-00286135-00286215 it's
5rOixsmDk44-01515-00286216-00286447 something put into place for our
5rOixsmDk44-01516-00286448-00286695 relationship that would allow me
5rOixsmDk44-01517-00286696-00286871 and both of us
5rOixsmDk44-01518-00286872-00287134 to really think twice before we go to
5rOixsmDk44-01519-00287135-00287254 end it
5rOixsmDk44-01520-00287255-00287519 and to think twice before
5rOixsmDk44-01521-00287520-00287639 we
5rOixsmDk44-01522-00287640-00287830 just compromise it
5rOixsmDk44-01523-00287831-00288103 and for me that is a a step that i'm
5rOixsmDk44-01524-00288104-00288254 willing to take
5rOixsmDk44-01525-00288255-00288423 if i ever forget why we got into this
5rOixsmDk44-01526-00288424-00288782 relationship in the first place
5rOixsmDk44-01527-00288783-00288975 the only thing that i would add is
5rOixsmDk44-01528-00288976-00289151 and i do think that i
5rOixsmDk44-01529-00289152-00289423 question the sanctity of marriage and
5rOixsmDk44-01530-00289424-00289575 obviously in my culture and how i was
5rOixsmDk44-01531-00289576-00289671 raised
5rOixsmDk44-01532-00289672-00289871 it is now for eternity it's something
5rOixsmDk44-01533-00289872-00290079 you've reserved yourself for
5rOixsmDk44-01534-00290080-00290367 and i do feel like i i don't find myself
5rOixsmDk44-01535-00290368-00290534 complying with that same belief system
5rOixsmDk44-01536-00290535-00290791 anymore that it makes me question the
5rOixsmDk44-01537-00290792-00290958 significance of it
5rOixsmDk44-01538-00290959-00291223 i think though in our foundation of
5rOixsmDk44-01539-00291224-00291463 mormonism and growing up and the idea of
5rOixsmDk44-01540-00291464-00291599 being dads
5rOixsmDk44-01541-00291600-00291775 that is an aspect of something that does
5rOixsmDk44-01542-00291776-00291943 serve me well and the idea of getting to
5rOixsmDk44-01543-00291944-00292127 have a family
5rOixsmDk44-01544-00292128-00292391 does seem significant if that can be the
5rOixsmDk44-01545-00292392-00292487 case
5rOixsmDk44-01546-00292488-00292710 even if it's not going to happen by any
5rOixsmDk44-01547-00292711-00292927 accident it's going to be a very
5rOixsmDk44-01548-00292928-00293167 thoughtful planned significant event in
5rOixsmDk44-01549-00293168-00293295 order to make that actually come to
5rOixsmDk44-01550-00293296-00293430 possibility
5rOixsmDk44-01551-00293431-00293510 but
5rOixsmDk44-01552-00293511-00293695 especially in a very like
5rOixsmDk44-01553-00293696-00293951 legal way we have to legally be married
5rOixsmDk44-01554-00293952-00294047 to
5rOixsmDk44-01555-00294048-00294334 adopt to foster care um
5rOixsmDk44-01556-00294335-00294543 i guess legally wouldn't maybe have to
5rOixsmDk44-01557-00294544-00294727 if we wanted to be on the birth
5rOixsmDk44-01558-00294728-00294975 certificate of you know if we did sergey
5rOixsmDk44-01559-00294976-00295143 surrogacy or something but i think
5rOixsmDk44-01560-00295144-00295287 even then too i don't think i don't if
5rOixsmDk44-01561-00295288-00295406 you can have two men without being
5rOixsmDk44-01562-00295407-00295582 legally married on the birth certificate
5rOixsmDk44-01563-00295583-00295767 so i feel like for the also the legal
5rOixsmDk44-01564-00295768-00295887 act of
5rOixsmDk44-01565-00295888-00296023 knowing that if we choose to have a
5rOixsmDk44-01566-00296024-00296230 family on the future
5rOixsmDk44-01567-00296231-00296463 a marriage license is actually very
5rOixsmDk44-01568-00296464-00296623 significant for us
5rOixsmDk44-01569-00296624-00296871 but if we had no desire to have a family
5rOixsmDk44-01570-00296872-00297110 and no desire to have kids
5rOixsmDk44-01571-00297111-00297327 i personally don't know if i would truly
5rOixsmDk44-01572-00297328-00297503 care about marriage the same way that i
5rOixsmDk44-01573-00297504-00297663 was that i was
5rOixsmDk44-01574-00297664-00297854 raised in thinking about marriage
5rOixsmDk44-01575-00297855-00297991 um
5rOixsmDk44-01576-00297992-00298167 but that being said we i mean it's still
5rOixsmDk44-01577-00298168-00298287 something to kind of consider i guess
5rOixsmDk44-01578-00298288-00298439 because but i do think that our goals
5rOixsmDk44-01579-00298440-00298639 would be to be dads and to be able to
5rOixsmDk44-01580-00298640-00298791 have a family and think that we could do
5rOixsmDk44-01581-00298792-00298967 it
5rOixsmDk44-01582-00298968-00299175 hopefully a significant job you know but
5rOixsmDk44-01583-00299176-00299271 like
5rOixsmDk44-01584-00299272-00299423 won't be perfect we won't claim to be
5rOixsmDk44-01585-00299424-00299582 perfect from the conference center
5rOixsmDk44-01586-00299583-00299799 pulpit james e faust said your type of
5rOixsmDk44-01587-00299800-00299967 love is counterfeit
5rOixsmDk44-01588-00299968-00300223 your marriage would be counterfeit
5rOixsmDk44-01589-00300224-00300334 that
5rOixsmDk44-01590-00300335-00300630 within mormonism this is um
5rOixsmDk44-01591-00300631-00300967 this is not an acceptable form of love
5rOixsmDk44-01592-00300968-00301134 the family proclamation to the world
5rOixsmDk44-01593-00301135-00301303 says that
5rOixsmDk44-01594-00301304-00301487 marriage is only between man and a woman
5rOixsmDk44-01595-00301488-00301606 that there are
5rOixsmDk44-01596-00301607-00301823 no
5rOixsmDk44-01597-00301824-00302063 happy experiences on this side of
5rOixsmDk44-01598-00302064-00302295 marriage that what you're doing is an
5rOixsmDk44-01599-00302296-00302582 abomination how do you respond to
5rOixsmDk44-01600-00302583-00302806 those types of accusations
5rOixsmDk44-01601-00302807-00302934 i think you the one you have a really
5rOixsmDk44-01602-00302935-00303134 good response to this
5rOixsmDk44-01603-00303135-00303223 yeah
5rOixsmDk44-01604-00303224-00303327 as i
5rOixsmDk44-01605-00303328-00303567 divorced and counseled with you know
5rOixsmDk44-01606-00303568-00303710 church leaders kind of through that
5rOixsmDk44-01607-00303711-00303887 process
5rOixsmDk44-01608-00303888-00304127 it was just brought to me again and
5rOixsmDk44-01609-00304128-00304263 again and again
5rOixsmDk44-01610-00304264-00304519 kent what about the family proclamation
5rOixsmDk44-01611-00304520-00304767 ken what about the plan of salvation
5rOixsmDk44-01612-00304768-00304943 you know if you pursue a gay
5rOixsmDk44-01613-00304944-00305182 relationship you're
5rOixsmDk44-01614-00305183-00305454 disqualifying yourself from all of this
5rOixsmDk44-01615-00305455-00305654 and you're
5rOixsmDk44-01616-00305655-00305830 you know you have to adhere to this plan
5rOixsmDk44-01617-00305831-00306015 essentially if you want all these
5rOixsmDk44-01618-00306016-00306254 promised blessings and
5rOixsmDk44-01619-00306255-00306423 i finally just had to draw the line for
5rOixsmDk44-01620-00306424-00306606 my own health
5rOixsmDk44-01621-00306607-00306847 and well-being and you know sanity and
5rOixsmDk44-01622-00306848-00307182 look across a bishop's desk and say
5rOixsmDk44-01623-00307183-00307519 the family proclamation is a beautiful
5rOixsmDk44-01624-00307520-00307671 ideal
5rOixsmDk44-01625-00307672-00308030 and for for so many people it plays out
5rOixsmDk44-01626-00308031-00308319 wonderfully and i celebrate that
5rOixsmDk44-01627-00308320-00308630 i welcome that many members of my family
5rOixsmDk44-01628-00308631-00308863 have married men
5rOixsmDk44-01629-00308864-00309087 and raised children in heterosexual
5rOixsmDk44-01630-00309088-00309279 relationships in the church and outside
5rOixsmDk44-01631-00309280-00309527 of the church and they're happy
5rOixsmDk44-01632-00309528-00309639 it doesn't mean they haven't had
5rOixsmDk44-01633-00309640-00309823 challenges but like
5rOixsmDk44-01634-00309824-00310047 that ideal has largely come true for
5rOixsmDk44-01635-00310048-00310375 them and i love it i have nieces and
5rOixsmDk44-01636-00310376-00310599 nephews now like
5rOixsmDk44-01637-00310600-00310823 i love that like the family proclamation
5rOixsmDk44-01638-00310824-00310903 in
5rOixsmDk44-01639-00310904-00311039 many ways
5rOixsmDk44-01640-00311040-00311382 is a beautiful ideal for many
5rOixsmDk44-01641-00311383-00311551 people
5rOixsmDk44-01642-00311552-00311758 and it's simply not the extent of
5rOixsmDk44-01643-00311759-00312103 possibility for all of god's children
5rOixsmDk44-01644-00312104-00312310 i see the family proclamation as one
5rOixsmDk44-01645-00312311-00312775 page in an expansive book of eternity
5rOixsmDk44-01646-00312776-00313023 and that page has a place in that book
5rOixsmDk44-01647-00313024-00313287 but the page of two men finding genuine
5rOixsmDk44-01648-00313288-00313487 joy together and raising a family
5rOixsmDk44-01649-00313488-00313663 however that looks for them
5rOixsmDk44-01650-00313664-00313871 is another page in that book
5rOixsmDk44-01651-00313872-00314127 the page of someone who never marries
5rOixsmDk44-01652-00314128-00314343 and never has children
5rOixsmDk44-01653-00314344-00314558 is another page in that book
5rOixsmDk44-01654-00314559-00314758 and the page that is
5rOixsmDk44-01655-00314759-00314919 a family who
5rOixsmDk44-01656-00314920-00315239 has a woman who is widowed and left with
5rOixsmDk44-01657-00315240-00315399 two children and is a single mom the
5rOixsmDk44-01658-00315400-00315575 rest of her life and then
5rOixsmDk44-01659-00315576-00315782 adopts children from somewhere else and
5rOixsmDk44-01660-00315783-00315991 then remarries down their that is
5rOixsmDk44-01661-00315992-00316358 another beautiful page in this book
5rOixsmDk44-01662-00316359-00316575 you know someone who fosters children
5rOixsmDk44-01663-00316576-00316799 and never adopts them but is a critical
5rOixsmDk44-01664-00316800-00317071 role in those formative years of a
5rOixsmDk44-01665-00317072-00317279 child's life who's in the foster care
5rOixsmDk44-01666-00317280-00317399 system
5rOixsmDk44-01667-00317400-00317551 equally beautiful
5rOixsmDk44-01668-00317552-00317879 equally impactful equally significant
5rOixsmDk44-01669-00317880-00318119 so i can't be convinced
5rOixsmDk44-01670-00318120-00318519 that a single page dictates the joy and
5rOixsmDk44-01671-00318520-00318751 the destiny and the opportunity
5rOixsmDk44-01672-00318752-00318823 for
5rOixsmDk44-01673-00318824-00319047 all of god's children
5rOixsmDk44-01674-00319048-00319367 and that brings me a lot of peace
5rOixsmDk44-01675-00319368-00319558 i can respect the fact that the family
5rOixsmDk44-01676-00319559-00319782 proclamation as a page in a book
5rOixsmDk44-01677-00319783-00319910 will serve
5rOixsmDk44-01678-00319911-00320054 many people
5rOixsmDk44-01679-00320055-00320327 but i celebrate the fact that every
5rOixsmDk44-01680-00320328-00320503 additional page
5rOixsmDk44-01681-00320504-00320647 is just
5rOixsmDk44-01682-00320648-00320999 as capable of bringing genuine joy and
5rOixsmDk44-01683-00321000-00321103 and
5rOixsmDk44-01684-00321104-00321303 just hope and
5rOixsmDk44-01685-00321304-00321599 life to so many other families
5rOixsmDk44-01686-00321600-00321791 and all of their different forms
5rOixsmDk44-01687-00321792-00322151 and so that's sort of where i stand with
5rOixsmDk44-01688-00322152-00322503 i guess any official statements on
5rOixsmDk44-01689-00322504-00322815 there is one acceptable family
5rOixsmDk44-01690-00322816-00323047 it's tough to stomach that because if
5rOixsmDk44-01691-00323048-00323334 you look around our own congregations
5rOixsmDk44-01692-00323335-00323510 you know if you go to your
5rOixsmDk44-01693-00323511-00323734 you know own ward and look around your
5rOixsmDk44-01694-00323735-00323958 congregation
5rOixsmDk44-01695-00323959-00324279 your family families look all
5rOixsmDk44-01696-00324280-00324495 different ways and so it's it's a little
5rOixsmDk44-01697-00324496-00324710 discouraging to think that
5rOixsmDk44-01698-00324711-00325015 we so exclusively define what a family
5rOixsmDk44-01699-00325016-00325223 is when it's right in front of us like
5rOixsmDk44-01700-00325224-00325695 if there was literally only one way
5rOixsmDk44-01701-00325696-00325887 then why would god even permit there to
5rOixsmDk44-01702-00325888-00326015 be
5rOixsmDk44-01703-00326016-00326303 widows or orphans or any even
5rOixsmDk44-01704-00326304-00326487 possibility
5rOixsmDk44-01705-00326488-00326695 of recombining a family other than a man
5rOixsmDk44-01706-00326696-00326847 and a wife who are married and raise
5rOixsmDk44-01707-00326848-00327054 their own children like
5rOixsmDk44-01708-00327055-00327223 it's not a matter of philosophical or
5rOixsmDk44-01709-00327224-00327382 religious opinion
5rOixsmDk44-01710-00327383-00327703 that different family units exist
5rOixsmDk44-01711-00327704-00327967 period so for me it's just
5rOixsmDk44-01712-00327968-00328254 it's easy to think
5rOixsmDk44-01713-00328255-00328334 why
5rOixsmDk44-01714-00328335-00328582 why would we be so fixed
5rOixsmDk44-01715-00328583-00328727 as a faith
5rOixsmDk44-01716-00328728-00329039 on limiting the definition of a family
5rOixsmDk44-01717-00329040-00329254 when there will always be beautiful
5rOixsmDk44-01718-00329255-00329534 iterations of family that exists
5rOixsmDk44-01719-00329535-00329782 in so many different ways
5rOixsmDk44-01720-00329783-00329934 how have each of your families been
5rOixsmDk44-01721-00329935-00330127 impacted by your relationship
5rOixsmDk44-01722-00330128-00330375 in terms of acceptance and
5rOixsmDk44-01723-00330376-00330743 support
5rOixsmDk44-01724-00330744-00330991 do you ready to go first sure okay
5rOixsmDk44-01725-00330992-00331127 um
5rOixsmDk44-01726-00331128-00331295 i'm gonna answer that first by saying by
5rOixsmDk44-01727-00331296-00331399 telling one other quick story and i'm
5rOixsmDk44-01728-00331400-00331534 gonna try to make it quick
5rOixsmDk44-01729-00331535-00331775 i had had a previous boyfriend uh
5rOixsmDk44-01730-00331776-00331967 who we dated for a while and then he
5rOixsmDk44-01731-00331968-00332182 needed to move home and go back to
5rOixsmDk44-01732-00332183-00332375 illinois
5rOixsmDk44-01733-00332376-00332582 and unfortunately when it happened after
5rOixsmDk44-01734-00332583-00332758 he got home we talked every night for a
5rOixsmDk44-01735-00332759-00333071 week and then at a week's point he just
5rOixsmDk44-01736-00333072-00333230 disappeared
5rOixsmDk44-01737-00333231-00333487 and i completely ghosted me and i think
5rOixsmDk44-01738-00333488-00333639 and i can look back in hindsight now and
5rOixsmDk44-01739-00333640-00333791 recognize
5rOixsmDk44-01740-00333792-00334023 that i think he and his immature way or
5rOixsmDk44-01741-00334024-00334230 what i would identify as an immature way
5rOixsmDk44-01742-00334231-00334375 thought it would just be better to just
5rOixsmDk44-01743-00334376-00334687 cut ties and then and while it hurt so
5rOixsmDk44-01744-00334688-00334927 much more up front
5rOixsmDk44-01745-00334928-00335078 at least the stories i tell myself is
5rOixsmDk44-01746-00335079-00335367 that it it speed in the recovery process
5rOixsmDk44-01747-00335368-00335615 because then i got really bitter
5rOixsmDk44-01748-00335616-00335743 and it's amazing when you are in a
5rOixsmDk44-01749-00335744-00336047 really emotional upsetting way that way
5rOixsmDk44-01750-00336048-00336199 like i was ready to like purchase a
5rOixsmDk44-01751-00336200-00336351 ticket and be like fly to his house
5rOixsmDk44-01752-00336352-00336575 because i had his address to be like wtf
5rOixsmDk44-01753-00336576-00336791 dude like what's what are you doing
5rOixsmDk44-01754-00336792-00337071 um but i didn't and
5rOixsmDk44-01755-00337072-00337295 um but i remember a couple weeks goes by
5rOixsmDk44-01756-00337296-00337454 and i
5rOixsmDk44-01757-00337455-00337678 um i couldn't tell my family
5rOixsmDk44-01758-00337679-00337847 and my mother with all of her mother's
5rOixsmDk44-01759-00337848-00337999 senses
5rOixsmDk44-01760-00338000-00338158 all of a sudden corners me one day and
5rOixsmDk44-01761-00338159-00338358 she goes what's going on
5rOixsmDk44-01762-00338359-00338510 and she had known i've been dating this
5rOixsmDk44-01763-00338511-00338678 guy uh though i wasn't really allowed to
5rOixsmDk44-01764-00338679-00338823 talk about and i couldn't have him over
5rOixsmDk44-01765-00338824-00338958 and i and there was a bunch of things
5rOixsmDk44-01766-00338959-00339167 going on too and it was a really rougher
5rOixsmDk44-01767-00339168-00339351 time when things were not as great
5rOixsmDk44-01768-00339352-00339551 communication wise with my parents
5rOixsmDk44-01769-00339552-00339710 my mom grabbed me and she goes what is
5rOixsmDk44-01770-00339711-00339854 going on and i just looked at it and i
5rOixsmDk44-01771-00339855-00339975 said
5rOixsmDk44-01772-00339976-00340199 he's ignored me he's ghosted me and i
5rOixsmDk44-01773-00340200-00340415 said he's not responded to me and he's
5rOixsmDk44-01774-00340416-00340543 gone
5rOixsmDk44-01775-00340544-00340663 and my mother just looked at me and
5rOixsmDk44-01776-00340664-00340895 she's like no
5rOixsmDk44-01777-00340896-00341239 no and she's just started sobbing
5rOixsmDk44-01778-00341240-00341463 and to see her cry and i felt like i
5rOixsmDk44-01779-00341464-00341551 knew
5rOixsmDk44-01780-00341552-00341863 she knew how bad i was hurting i cried
5rOixsmDk44-01781-00341864-00342006 and i think i just absolutely broke down
5rOixsmDk44-01782-00342007-00342206 and she just hugged me
5rOixsmDk44-01783-00342207-00342295 and
5rOixsmDk44-01784-00342296-00342519 i think that was an extremely
5rOixsmDk44-01785-00342520-00342695 triggering moment for my mother to
5rOixsmDk44-01786-00342696-00342919 recognize
5rOixsmDk44-01787-00342920-00343134 love in the way that all of a sudden i
5rOixsmDk44-01788-00343135-00343375 was that she wanted me to be happy and
5rOixsmDk44-01789-00343376-00343487 have somebody who i could love and that
5rOixsmDk44-01790-00343488-00343671 has really hurt and i think it was the
5rOixsmDk44-01791-00343672-00343823 first time that she recognized real
5rOixsmDk44-01792-00343824-00343991 heartache and realized
5rOixsmDk44-01793-00343992-00344223 this is the same for him if as if it was
5rOixsmDk44-01794-00344224-00344482 a girl that did this to him
5rOixsmDk44-01795-00344483-00344671 so
5rOixsmDk44-01796-00344672-00344847 you were i think i mean probably a year
5rOixsmDk44-01797-00344848-00345095 or so goes by when i met kent and i
5rOixsmDk44-01798-00345096-00345287 think he was my next boyfriend and
5rOixsmDk44-01799-00345288-00345582 and uh granted we didn't introduce him
5rOixsmDk44-01800-00345583-00345751 to my family for
5rOixsmDk44-01801-00345752-00345919 i think five or five months or so i
5rOixsmDk44-01802-00345920-00346134 guess it was that mother's day or in may
5rOixsmDk44-01803-00346135-00346327 my sister invited you over
5rOixsmDk44-01804-00346328-00346415 and
5rOixsmDk44-01805-00346416-00346495 but
5rOixsmDk44-01806-00346496-00346719 when he started coming around my family
5rOixsmDk44-01807-00346720-00346910 was extremely receptive for the first
5rOixsmDk44-01808-00346911-00347030 time ever
5rOixsmDk44-01809-00347031-00347358 and i even jokingly say they'd now
5rOixsmDk44-01810-00347359-00347543 loved him so much
5rOixsmDk44-01811-00347544-00347791 that it's like almost too easy
5rOixsmDk44-01812-00347792-00347999 because i'm like wait this for all the
5rOixsmDk44-01813-00348000-00348215 other years of the hardship
5rOixsmDk44-01814-00348216-00348399 this should be a little bit more hard
5rOixsmDk44-01815-00348400-00348503 but they
5rOixsmDk44-01816-00348504-00348703 i mean but i mean look at him in his
5rOixsmDk44-01817-00348704-00348878 beautiful smile and
5rOixsmDk44-01818-00348879-00349030 dark eye
5rOixsmDk44-01819-00349031-00349303 he's amazing and so i feel like
5rOixsmDk44-01820-00349304-00349478 my family loves him
5rOixsmDk44-01821-00349479-00349695 and as we've got to live in st george's
5rOixsmDk44-01822-00349696-00350006 last year and have family come stay with
5rOixsmDk44-01823-00350007-00350134 us and now
5rOixsmDk44-01824-00350135-00350310 we're the place that all my siblings and
5rOixsmDk44-01825-00350311-00350463 their families love to come and stay and
5rOixsmDk44-01826-00350464-00350687 they fight whoever gets to be the family
5rOixsmDk44-01827-00350688-00350839 to be with us
5rOixsmDk44-01828-00350840-00351071 and to understand and know how they
5rOixsmDk44-01829-00351072-00351230 accept kent
5rOixsmDk44-01830-00351231-00351519 accept our relationship and are
5rOixsmDk44-01831-00351520-00351678 thoroughly excited for our wedding in
5rOixsmDk44-01832-00351679-00351799 september
5rOixsmDk44-01833-00351800-00351895 like
5rOixsmDk44-01834-00351896-00352054 i confess i didn't i didn't ever think
5rOixsmDk44-01835-00352055-00352206 this was going to be possible
5rOixsmDk44-01836-00352207-00352430 and i find myself in an extremely
5rOixsmDk44-01837-00352431-00352687 fortunate situation
5rOixsmDk44-01838-00352688-00352758 yeah
5rOixsmDk44-01839-00352759-00352887 i
5rOixsmDk44-01840-00352888-00353063 have a really supportive and amazing
5rOixsmDk44-01841-00353064-00353239 family as well
5rOixsmDk44-01842-00353240-00353558 when i ended the first marriage the hard
5rOixsmDk44-01843-00353559-00353703 part was not
5rOixsmDk44-01844-00353704-00353871 coming out and telling them i was gay
5rOixsmDk44-01845-00353872-00354063 the harder part was just
5rOixsmDk44-01846-00354064-00354295 the loss of a daughter-in-law
5rOixsmDk44-01847-00354296-00354519 i have all sisters i have six sisters
5rOixsmDk44-01848-00354520-00354615 and so
5rOixsmDk44-01849-00354616-00354854 she was the only daughter-in-law
5rOixsmDk44-01850-00354855-00355047 in in our family
5rOixsmDk44-01851-00355048-00355439 and so you know that was a tough loss um
5rOixsmDk44-01852-00355440-00355606 and my family's still in touch with her
5rOixsmDk44-01853-00355607-00355806 and i welcome that interaction and it's
5rOixsmDk44-01854-00355807-00355958 it's great but
5rOixsmDk44-01855-00355959-00356191 um that was harder than me coming out
5rOixsmDk44-01856-00356192-00356423 and so as far as accepting me and
5rOixsmDk44-01857-00356424-00356630 and the the truth that i had you know
5rOixsmDk44-01858-00356631-00356830 shared with them and and coming out at
5rOixsmDk44-01859-00356831-00356943 that point
5rOixsmDk44-01860-00356944-00357087 they were they were wonderful and
5rOixsmDk44-01861-00357088-00357343 supportive but i was still navigating so
5rOixsmDk44-01862-00357344-00357534 much at that point that
5rOixsmDk44-01863-00357535-00357703 i remember the day i sent the email and
5rOixsmDk44-01864-00357704-00357919 kind of explained
5rOixsmDk44-01865-00357920-00358143 all of this about divorcing and being
5rOixsmDk44-01866-00358144-00358327 gay to my family
5rOixsmDk44-01867-00358328-00358487 my little sister came over to my parents
5rOixsmDk44-01868-00358488-00358615 house where i was staying at the time
5rOixsmDk44-01869-00358616-00358767 and
5rOixsmDk44-01870-00358768-00358999 she just kind of ran up to me and crying
5rOixsmDk44-01871-00359000-00359199 and grabbed me in a hug and she's just
5rOixsmDk44-01872-00359200-00359278 like
5rOixsmDk44-01873-00359279-00359582 i didn't know and i'm sorry and i
5rOixsmDk44-01874-00359583-00359815 am here now and i just can't imagine
5rOixsmDk44-01875-00359816-00359951 what would have happened if we like lost
5rOixsmDk44-01876-00359952-00360078 you or if you know
5rOixsmDk44-01877-00360079-00360271 you took your life and
5rOixsmDk44-01878-00360272-00360454 all these things and
5rOixsmDk44-01879-00360455-00360678 i remember we just like sat down on the
5rOixsmDk44-01880-00360679-00360927 sofa at my parents house and she's like
5rOixsmDk44-01881-00360928-00361254 you're just gonna be the best dad
5rOixsmDk44-01882-00361255-00361334 and
5rOixsmDk44-01883-00361335-00361495 somehow that struck me because i just
5rOixsmDk44-01884-00361496-00361695 thought
5rOixsmDk44-01885-00361696-00361871 i came out it just ended in marriage
5rOixsmDk44-01886-00361872-00362110 like i'm never going to be a dad
5rOixsmDk44-01887-00362111-00362327 like i'm i'm not going to remarry i'm
5rOixsmDk44-01888-00362328-00362463 not going to
5rOixsmDk44-01889-00362464-00362751 have a future like with anyone like i'll
5rOixsmDk44-01890-00362752-00362927 never date again i'll never marry again
5rOixsmDk44-01891-00362928-00363127 i'll certainly never be a father
5rOixsmDk44-01892-00363128-00363463 but it like hadn't crossed her mind
5rOixsmDk44-01893-00363464-00363710 that that wasn't a possibility for me
5rOixsmDk44-01894-00363711-00363943 and i i couldn't really
5rOixsmDk44-01895-00363944-00364206 believe that in the moment i just
5rOixsmDk44-01896-00364207-00364430 thought oh my gosh
5rOixsmDk44-01897-00364431-00364630 she thinks i could be a dad like she
5rOixsmDk44-01898-00364631-00364839 thinks i have a future like
5rOixsmDk44-01899-00364840-00365030 that i could marry someday and like have
5rOixsmDk44-01900-00365031-00365191 a family like
5rOixsmDk44-01901-00365192-00365343 wait a minute
5rOixsmDk44-01902-00365344-00365495 and i've never forgotten that and then
5rOixsmDk44-01903-00365496-00365654 another sister my one of my older
5rOixsmDk44-01904-00365655-00365782 sisters
5rOixsmDk44-01905-00365783-00365927 you know months after coming out you
5rOixsmDk44-01906-00365928-00366078 know and
5rOixsmDk44-01907-00366079-00366358 she contacted me and said hey
5rOixsmDk44-01908-00366359-00366454 i
5rOixsmDk44-01909-00366455-00366623 am in charge of my book club this month
5rOixsmDk44-01910-00366624-00366767 and we're reading
5rOixsmDk44-01911-00366768-00366863 a book
5rOixsmDk44-01912-00366864-00366958 about
5rOixsmDk44-01913-00366959-00367199 the lgbtq community because we have to
5rOixsmDk44-01914-00367200-00367382 have that conversation and these people
5rOixsmDk44-01915-00367383-00367719 are in my ward and it's a group of women
5rOixsmDk44-01916-00367720-00367903 in my word in the relief society and i
5rOixsmDk44-01917-00367904-00368071 picked the book and we're reading it and
5rOixsmDk44-01918-00368072-00368263 we're going to talk about it because
5rOixsmDk44-01919-00368264-00368503 we need to have these discussions in in
5rOixsmDk44-01920-00368504-00368630 settings like this and i just thought
5rOixsmDk44-01921-00368631-00368815 wait what
5rOixsmDk44-01922-00368816-00368982 like you're a very you're you're a
5rOixsmDk44-01923-00368983-00369271 devout practicing member of the church
5rOixsmDk44-01924-00369272-00369471 and you're introducing this conversation
5rOixsmDk44-01925-00369472-00369575 to
5rOixsmDk44-01926-00369576-00369830 people in your ward like and holding
5rOixsmDk44-01927-00369831-00369991 this dialogue and
5rOixsmDk44-01928-00369992-00370167 this just you know every member of my
5rOixsmDk44-01929-00370168-00370303 family in different ways kind of showed
5rOixsmDk44-01930-00370304-00370439 up to
5rOixsmDk44-01931-00370440-00370647 to express that support in their own way
5rOixsmDk44-01932-00370648-00370815 and continue to express that and so by
5rOixsmDk44-01933-00370816-00370943 the time i
5rOixsmDk44-01934-00370944-00371119 started dating and bringing coal around
5rOixsmDk44-01935-00371120-00371287 it was just
5rOixsmDk44-01936-00371288-00371678 they just welcomed him immediately and
5rOixsmDk44-01937-00371679-00371871 i don't say that lightly because i know
5rOixsmDk44-01938-00371872-00372182 for so many families that is a
5rOixsmDk44-01939-00372183-00372430 a hard thing like that's a privilege
5rOixsmDk44-01940-00372431-00372534 based on
5rOixsmDk44-01941-00372535-00372767 who my family is that i've been blessed
5rOixsmDk44-01942-00372768-00372999 to enjoy and i know that is not the case
5rOixsmDk44-01943-00373000-00373143 for everyone
5rOixsmDk44-01944-00373144-00373439 it's not a quick thing it's not a
5rOixsmDk44-01945-00373440-00373727 an easy thing for many family dynamics
5rOixsmDk44-01946-00373728-00373863 to accept
5rOixsmDk44-01947-00373864-00374015 but i am grateful every day that my
5rOixsmDk44-01948-00374016-00374151 family
5rOixsmDk44-01949-00374152-00374391 is who they are and that accepting call
5rOixsmDk44-01950-00374392-00374623 and accepting me for loving coal
5rOixsmDk44-01951-00374624-00374839 was something that came easily to them
5rOixsmDk44-01952-00374840-00375071 and so grateful the colts family for
5rOixsmDk44-01953-00375072-00375230 making room for me
5rOixsmDk44-01954-00375231-00375358 in their life
5rOixsmDk44-01955-00375359-00375510 the one thing that i think stands out as
5rOixsmDk44-01956-00375511-00375678 col and i have navigated this with both
5rOixsmDk44-01957-00375679-00375902 our families over the last few years is
5rOixsmDk44-01958-00375903-00375999 that
5rOixsmDk44-01959-00376000-00376191 there are times i know for my family i
5rOixsmDk44-01960-00376192-00376399 know for cole's family where
5rOixsmDk44-01961-00376400-00376639 i expect there are moments where
5rOixsmDk44-01962-00376640-00376847 they've probably thought
5rOixsmDk44-01963-00376848-00377015 you know gosh we don't really know
5rOixsmDk44-01964-00377016-00377302 exactly what to make of this or
5rOixsmDk44-01965-00377303-00377487 we don't really know exactly how this
5rOixsmDk44-01966-00377488-00377782 aligns with what we believe or with the
5rOixsmDk44-01967-00377783-00377967 church that we're members of
5rOixsmDk44-01968-00377968-00378143 um and not because they said anything
5rOixsmDk44-01969-00378144-00378254 but just
5rOixsmDk44-01970-00378255-00378510 you know i i've been in that space i've
5rOixsmDk44-01971-00378511-00378710 asked the same questions and
5rOixsmDk44-01972-00378711-00378871 and the one thing that just always comes
5rOixsmDk44-01973-00378872-00379047 to mind is i just think you know even if
5rOixsmDk44-01974-00379048-00379319 they have questions even if they
5rOixsmDk44-01975-00379320-00379567 have concerns or fears
5rOixsmDk44-01976-00379568-00379695 around having
5rOixsmDk44-01977-00379696-00379902 you know their son and brother marry
5rOixsmDk44-01978-00379903-00380063 another man
5rOixsmDk44-01979-00380064-00380271 their actions have always spoken so much
5rOixsmDk44-01980-00380272-00380430 louder than their words
5rOixsmDk44-01981-00380431-00380695 in the best possible way
5rOixsmDk44-01982-00380696-00380887 because even if they have those concerns
5rOixsmDk44-01983-00380888-00381039 even if they
5rOixsmDk44-01984-00381040-00381367 have fears around it they just default
5rOixsmDk44-01985-00381368-00381591 to acts of kindness
5rOixsmDk44-01986-00381592-00381710 can't
5rOixsmDk44-01987-00381711-00381934 come to the family barbecue
5rOixsmDk44-01988-00381935-00382110 come camping just
5rOixsmDk44-01989-00382111-00382302 just come over and we'll figure out our
5rOixsmDk44-01990-00382303-00382439 feelings however we need to figure them
5rOixsmDk44-01991-00382440-00382630 out but just be part of our family in
5rOixsmDk44-01992-00382631-00382823 the meantime and that
5rOixsmDk44-01993-00382824-00382910 you know
5rOixsmDk44-01994-00382911-00383191 has always been how i've been made to
5rOixsmDk44-01995-00383192-00383415 feel and
5rOixsmDk44-01996-00383416-00383623 not right out of the gate but i would
5rOixsmDk44-01997-00383624-00383854 say pretty quickly after being
5rOixsmDk44-01998-00383855-00384047 introduced to cole's family yeah there
5rOixsmDk44-01999-00384048-00384182 were still things we navigated that were
5rOixsmDk44-02000-00384183-00384391 tricky if we go on trips to the family
5rOixsmDk44-02001-00384392-00384471 like
5rOixsmDk44-02002-00384472-00384654 what limits are there that we respect
5rOixsmDk44-02003-00384655-00384791 the family or preferences like you know
5rOixsmDk44-02004-00384792-00385078 what i mean but they never did anything
5rOixsmDk44-02005-00385079-00385310 that made me feel unwelcome or that made
5rOixsmDk44-02006-00385311-00385495 me feel like they were not going to just
5rOixsmDk44-02007-00385496-00385615 default
5rOixsmDk44-02008-00385616-00385927 to love and acceptance even if they had
5rOixsmDk44-02009-00385928-00386143 their own doubts or fears around what
5rOixsmDk44-02010-00386144-00386278 was happening there were some feelings
5rOixsmDk44-02011-00386279-00386510 that i had at one point because my
5rOixsmDk44-02012-00386511-00386871 siblings even again i'm now i mean i'm
5rOixsmDk44-02013-00386872-00387110 now 36 gonna be pushing 37 and so within
5rOixsmDk44-02014-00387111-00387295 the last three and a half years
5rOixsmDk44-02015-00387296-00387502 i might and i had been out for
5rOixsmDk44-02016-00387503-00387751 and now close to seven years and since
5rOixsmDk44-02017-00387752-00387943 the time that i came out and i think i'd
5rOixsmDk44-02018-00387944-00388158 gone to my first affirmation conference
5rOixsmDk44-02019-00388159-00388302 before officially telling my parents or
5rOixsmDk44-02020-00388303-00388471 maybe it was that same month
5rOixsmDk44-02021-00388472-00388663 so i think it's typically in september
5rOixsmDk44-02022-00388664-00388910 um anyways that i had gone to it and i
5rOixsmDk44-02023-00388911-00389039 remember
5rOixsmDk44-02024-00389040-00389182 telling when like the discussion was
5rOixsmDk44-02025-00389183-00389310 happening and anytime that my siblings
5rOixsmDk44-02026-00389311-00389447 would finally like open up and ask me
5rOixsmDk44-02027-00389448-00389591 some questions i'd be like you need to
5rOixsmDk44-02028-00389592-00389710 tell your kids
5rOixsmDk44-02029-00389711-00389871 and they're like no we're not telling
5rOixsmDk44-02030-00389872-00390023 our kids
5rOixsmDk44-02031-00390024-00390230 and as it went on for years i remember
5rOixsmDk44-02032-00390231-00390423 two just being like listen and i drew a
5rOixsmDk44-02033-00390424-00390599 line in my mind where i was like i'm no
5rOixsmDk44-02034-00390600-00390767 longer going to let my family dictate
5rOixsmDk44-02035-00390768-00390982 what form of authenticity or how i
5rOixsmDk44-02036-00390983-00391127 shield my life
5rOixsmDk44-02037-00391128-00391295 and i did kind of say at different times
5rOixsmDk44-02038-00391296-00391406 probably with a little bit more anger
5rOixsmDk44-02039-00391407-00391558 and said you know if i do have the
5rOixsmDk44-02040-00391559-00391671 privilege and the opportunity to find
5rOixsmDk44-02041-00391672-00391839 something that i love and i choose to
5rOixsmDk44-02042-00391840-00392015 marry this person
5rOixsmDk44-02043-00392016-00392239 it's on you if your kids are like wait a
5rOixsmDk44-02044-00392240-00392375 second what uncle colbert is going to
5rOixsmDk44-02045-00392376-00392495 marry a boy
5rOixsmDk44-02046-00392496-00392647 like and then have to dictate what that
5rOixsmDk44-02047-00392648-00392902 means and from my siblings perspective
5rOixsmDk44-02048-00392903-00393006 they were trying they're trying to
5rOixsmDk44-02049-00393007-00393191 protect they're trying to shield their
5rOixsmDk44-02050-00393192-00393367 kids because they feel like they need to
5rOixsmDk44-02051-00393368-00393558 have some form of understanding first
5rOixsmDk44-02052-00393559-00393639 before
5rOixsmDk44-02053-00393640-00393895 they can just tell them what this means
5rOixsmDk44-02054-00393896-00394127 and i told them in many instances why
5rOixsmDk44-02055-00394128-00394319 that's very inappropriate
5rOixsmDk44-02056-00394320-00394558 and said listen i understand and i'm not
5rOixsmDk44-02057-00394559-00394663 saying that you have to tell your
5rOixsmDk44-02058-00394664-00394782 children
5rOixsmDk44-02059-00394783-00395054 how wrong i am you are allowed to say in
5rOixsmDk44-02060-00395055-00395158 our home
5rOixsmDk44-02061-00395159-00395334 we are going to teach and believe that
5rOixsmDk44-02062-00395335-00395487 marriage is between a man and a woman
5rOixsmDk44-02063-00395488-00395654 but we know that that doesn't fit for
5rOixsmDk44-02064-00395655-00395878 all people or even within our belief
5rOixsmDk44-02065-00395879-00396095 system we're out of our belief system
5rOixsmDk44-02066-00396096-00396271 uncle colbert happens to be somebody who
5rOixsmDk44-02067-00396272-00396391 he really feels like he's going to be
5rOixsmDk44-02068-00396392-00396527 most happy with a boy the same way that
5rOixsmDk44-02069-00396528-00396719 your mom and dad are happy
5rOixsmDk44-02070-00396720-00396887 and i said i promise you kids just
5rOixsmDk44-02071-00396888-00397054 knowing that when they have questions
5rOixsmDk44-02072-00397055-00397263 and you open that dialogue they will
5rOixsmDk44-02073-00397264-00397430 then come to you and ask questions
5rOixsmDk44-02074-00397431-00397654 instead of this idea of well why is
5rOixsmDk44-02075-00397655-00397791 uncle colbert bringing that same dude
5rOixsmDk44-02076-00397792-00397910 around
5rOixsmDk44-02077-00397911-00398127 his roommate yeah his roommate and there
5rOixsmDk44-02078-00398128-00398319 had been a few moments and a pretty
5rOixsmDk44-02079-00398320-00398478 funny one i even think was it last
5rOixsmDk44-02080-00398479-00398654 summer or was it the summer before
5rOixsmDk44-02081-00398655-00398775 because i feel like it was only a year
5rOixsmDk44-02082-00398776-00398910 ago
5rOixsmDk44-02083-00398911-00399039 uh kent had come over for a family
5rOixsmDk44-02084-00399040-00399191 barbecue
5rOixsmDk44-02085-00399192-00399382 now today especially when we announced
5rOixsmDk44-02086-00399383-00399527 our engagement
5rOixsmDk44-02087-00399528-00399702 i do know that all of my siblings have
5rOixsmDk44-02088-00399703-00399863 told all my nieces or nephews or my
5rOixsmDk44-02089-00399864-00400191 nibblings um that they that that kids
5rOixsmDk44-02090-00400192-00400310 are engaged that we're in a relationship
5rOixsmDk44-02091-00400311-00400463 that we love each other
5rOixsmDk44-02092-00400464-00400782 and um but anyways but before i had one
5rOixsmDk44-02093-00400783-00400943 nephew a little nephew that did not
5rOixsmDk44-02094-00400944-00401078 officially know that we were in a
5rOixsmDk44-02095-00401079-00401206 relationship
5rOixsmDk44-02096-00401207-00401343 and kendra's over at our house my
5rOixsmDk44-02097-00401344-00401510 parents have a little above graves above
5rOixsmDk44-02098-00401511-00401727 ground raised pool
5rOixsmDk44-02099-00401728-00401919 and i must have jumped out for a second
5rOixsmDk44-02100-00401920-00402063 and ken was in the pool do you want to
5rOixsmDk44-02101-00402064-00402167 tell him what
5rOixsmDk44-02102-00402168-00402271 what are you doing oh yeah his little
5rOixsmDk44-02103-00402272-00402399 like eight-year-old nephew just looked
5rOixsmDk44-02104-00402400-00402510 at me and was like
5rOixsmDk44-02105-00402511-00402663 so
5rOixsmDk44-02106-00402664-00403006 you and my uncle cole just get along
5rOixsmDk44-02107-00403007-00403215 really really well huh you just you just
5rOixsmDk44-02108-00403216-00403454 must like him an awful lot
5rOixsmDk44-02109-00403455-00403663 and i was like you know what i do
5rOixsmDk44-02110-00403664-00403806 see something like aren't you guys like
5rOixsmDk44-02111-00403807-00403967 are you guys like best friends yeah
5rOixsmDk44-02112-00403968-00404095 something like to that effect and i was
5rOixsmDk44-02113-00404096-00404287 like he gets it you know he might not
5rOixsmDk44-02114-00404288-00404567 have like specific words for it but like
5rOixsmDk44-02115-00404568-00404751 i think he gets so my first sister calls
5rOixsmDk44-02116-00404752-00404847 me one day
5rOixsmDk44-02117-00404848-00405047 and says i have to let you know i
5rOixsmDk44-02118-00405048-00405175 official she was the first sibling to
5rOixsmDk44-02119-00405176-00405415 officially tell her kids that her uncle
5rOixsmDk44-02120-00405416-00405591 uncle colbert is gay
5rOixsmDk44-02121-00405592-00405782 and uh i says what did how did it go and
5rOixsmDk44-02122-00405783-00405927 she goes well
5rOixsmDk44-02123-00405928-00406102 she goes we were coming home from church
5rOixsmDk44-02124-00406103-00406254 and her oldest daughter at this time i
5rOixsmDk44-02125-00406255-00406351 think was
5rOixsmDk44-02126-00406352-00406543 13 14
5rOixsmDk44-02127-00406544-00406758 and summer being the good mormon mom is
5rOixsmDk44-02128-00406759-00406943 like hey kids how was church how was
5rOixsmDk44-02129-00406944-00407095 your lessons today and
5rOixsmDk44-02130-00407096-00407263 she's got four girls and her husband's
5rOixsmDk44-02131-00407264-00407487 in the seat and summer was driving
5rOixsmDk44-02132-00407488-00407710 and apparently they're like you know the
5rOixsmDk44-02133-00407711-00407854 older kids kind of shrugged it until
5rOixsmDk44-02134-00407855-00407999 summer being the good intuitive mother's
5rOixsmDk44-02135-00408000-00408206 like oh no what was tell me about sunday
5rOixsmDk44-02136-00408207-00408430 school and mckenna's like
5rOixsmDk44-02137-00408431-00408639 i didn't like my lesson so i walked out
5rOixsmDk44-02138-00408640-00408999 and summer's like i'm i'm sorry what so
5rOixsmDk44-02139-00409000-00409134 apparently they had gotten home and sat
5rOixsmDk44-02140-00409135-00409271 down she goes let's have a discussion
5rOixsmDk44-02141-00409272-00409447 she goes um why did you walk out of your
5rOixsmDk44-02142-00409448-00409622 sunday school lesson
5rOixsmDk44-02143-00409623-00409774 and ken is like i don't know i just i
5rOixsmDk44-02144-00409775-00409926 didn't really like it and she goes what
5rOixsmDk44-02145-00409927-00410207 was what was the lesson on
5rOixsmDk44-02146-00410208-00410278 and
5rOixsmDk44-02147-00410279-00410470 mckenna my oldest niece she's just like
5rOixsmDk44-02148-00410471-00410607 well it was on the proclamation of the
5rOixsmDk44-02149-00410608-00410710 family
5rOixsmDk44-02150-00410712-00410918 and summer's like what don't you like
5rOixsmDk44-02151-00410919-00411207 about the proclamation of the family
5rOixsmDk44-02152-00411208-00411318 she's like well i don't know i'm like
5rOixsmDk44-02153-00411319-00411439 she's being kind of dismissive but
5rOixsmDk44-02154-00411439-00411599 eventually she said she goes well our
5rOixsmDk44-02155-00411600-00411726 teacher was just saying that marriage is
5rOixsmDk44-02156-00411727-00411878 only between man and a woman and i just
5rOixsmDk44-02157-00411879-00411966 don't know if i think that that's
5rOixsmDk44-02158-00411967-00412103 correct
5rOixsmDk44-02159-00412104-00412359 and again she's like 14 years old
5rOixsmDk44-02160-00412360-00412518 and summer's like
5rOixsmDk44-02161-00412519-00412791 d do you know anybody that's gay
5rOixsmDk44-02162-00412792-00412959 and apparently some or my sister
5rOixsmDk44-02163-00412960-00413270 explained that the 14 year old girl
5rOixsmDk44-02164-00413271-00413526 shot eyes directly with the next girl
5rOixsmDk44-02165-00413527-00413718 who i think i think says like 11 at this
5rOixsmDk44-02166-00413719-00413814 time
5rOixsmDk44-02167-00413815-00414022 and then they hurry both look down
5rOixsmDk44-02168-00414023-00414174 and summer's like
5rOixsmDk44-02169-00414175-00414430 uh and she's like wait do you do you
5rOixsmDk44-02170-00414431-00414663 guys know somebody who's gay
5rOixsmDk44-02171-00414664-00414759 and
5rOixsmDk44-02172-00414760-00414982 kenna's like mom don't don't let me say
5rOixsmDk44-02173-00414983-00415151 it because she's looking at her other
5rOixsmDk44-02174-00415152-00415391 littler siblings
5rOixsmDk44-02175-00415392-00415543 who i think at that time was probably
5rOixsmDk44-02176-00415543-00415799 like eight or nine and then like four or
5rOixsmDk44-02177-00415800-00415934 five
5rOixsmDk44-02178-00415935-00416143 and someone's like no kenna it's okay
5rOixsmDk44-02179-00416143-00416351 you can tell me who do you think is gay
5rOixsmDk44-02180-00416352-00416582 and apparently uh the two oldest looked
5rOixsmDk44-02181-00416583-00416734 at each other and they go well we think
5rOixsmDk44-02182-00416735-00416966 uncle colbert and kent are gay
5rOixsmDk44-02183-00416967-00417174 and uh apparently and
5rOixsmDk44-02184-00417175-00417510 god lover the third one's like
5rOixsmDk44-02185-00417512-00417759 they're just really good friends
5rOixsmDk44-02186-00417760-00417991 and summer goes no you're correct cole
5rOixsmDk44-02187-00417992-00418151 and kent are gay
5rOixsmDk44-02188-00418152-00418295 and she goes and they have a great
5rOixsmDk44-02189-00418296-00418430 relationship
5rOixsmDk44-02190-00418431-00418614 and sailor's like i knew it and they
5rOixsmDk44-02191-00418615-00418743 like start like kind of laughing and
5rOixsmDk44-02192-00418743-00418903 someone goes you're right they are and
5rOixsmDk44-02193-00418904-00419174 they love each other and that's okay
5rOixsmDk44-02194-00419175-00419318 and anyways and from that point my
5rOixsmDk44-02195-00419319-00419470 sister became my biggest advocate and
5rOixsmDk44-02196-00419471-00419631 told all my other siblings why they
5rOixsmDk44-02197-00419632-00419863 needed to tell their kids
5rOixsmDk44-02198-00419864-00419975 and that it did trickle down and
5rOixsmDk44-02199-00419976-00420143 eventually they all did
5rOixsmDk44-02200-00420143-00420287 i do want to share one other experience
5rOixsmDk44-02201-00420288-00420487 that feels kind of significant that i
5rOixsmDk44-02202-00420488-00420743 feel like was a really important thing
5rOixsmDk44-02203-00420743-00420831 now
5rOixsmDk44-02204-00420832-00421103 and would be my advice to anybody
5rOixsmDk44-02205-00421104-00421359 who has a child who is gay that is curio
5rOixsmDk44-02206-00421360-00421518 or lesbian or transgender or whatever it
5rOixsmDk44-02207-00421519-00421766 may be who is questioning what their
5rOixsmDk44-02208-00421767-00421975 relationship will look like
5rOixsmDk44-02209-00421976-00422247 i remember very uncomfortably when my
5rOixsmDk44-02210-00422247-00422351 parents
5rOixsmDk44-02211-00422352-00422495 because when i did have
5rOixsmDk44-02212-00422496-00422622 the discussion about officially being
5rOixsmDk44-02213-00422623-00422822 gay it didn't end well
5rOixsmDk44-02214-00422823-00422983 my parents were like we need to talk and
5rOixsmDk44-02215-00422984-00423191 i was like great we can talk
5rOixsmDk44-02216-00423192-00423439 if we go to a public space
5rOixsmDk44-02217-00423439-00423670 so we went to good old cafe rio
5rOixsmDk44-02218-00423671-00423847 got a salad
5rOixsmDk44-02219-00423847-00424063 and my dad passes me this talk by
5rOixsmDk44-02220-00424064-00424231 jeffrey r holland that says overcoming
5rOixsmDk44-02221-00424232-00424487 homosexual activity and i was like yeah
5rOixsmDk44-02222-00424488-00424751 i read this talk five years ago and i 15
5rOixsmDk44-02223-00424752-00424951 times yeah i was like um
5rOixsmDk44-02224-00424952-00425151 i know exactly what it says like i've
5rOixsmDk44-02225-00425152-00425359 read all these talks
5rOixsmDk44-02226-00425360-00425566 you know my dad's like well you he's
5rOixsmDk44-02227-00425567-00425727 like you can't
5rOixsmDk44-02228-00425728-00425991 ever bring anybody over to our house you
5rOixsmDk44-02229-00425992-00426110 can never
5rOixsmDk44-02230-00426112-00426279 um you know they won't be accepted in
5rOixsmDk44-02231-00426280-00426455 our house and i we don't want any of the
5rOixsmDk44-02232-00426456-00426607 grandkids to know
5rOixsmDk44-02233-00426608-00426735 and it was a really uncomfortable talk
5rOixsmDk44-02234-00426735-00426855 and i'm grateful that things have come
5rOixsmDk44-02235-00426856-00426983 full circle
5rOixsmDk44-02236-00426984-00427175 but there was a moment and it is hard to
5rOixsmDk44-02237-00427176-00427559 explain because but i will try to very
5rOixsmDk44-02238-00427560-00427783 if ever there was a moment that i ever
5rOixsmDk44-02239-00427784-00428095 identified the spirit
5rOixsmDk44-02240-00428096-00428222 i feel like this is one of those moments
5rOixsmDk44-02241-00428223-00428359 because i felt a very calmness in my
5rOixsmDk44-02242-00428360-00428487 chest but i remember specifically
5rOixsmDk44-02243-00428488-00428679 looking at my parents and said
5rOixsmDk44-02244-00428680-00428870 do you love me
5rOixsmDk44-02245-00428871-00429079 my mom's like of course we love you we
5rOixsmDk44-02246-00429080-00429295 love you so much i said do you think i'm
5rOixsmDk44-02247-00429296-00429455 a good person
5rOixsmDk44-02248-00429456-00429710 of course cole you're a great person
5rOixsmDk44-02249-00429712-00429847 and i said that i want you just to think
5rOixsmDk44-02250-00429847-00430070 again for a second what you're saying
5rOixsmDk44-02251-00430071-00430247 because if by that same thinking that
5rOixsmDk44-02252-00430247-00430551 you are so afraid who i bring over will
5rOixsmDk44-02253-00430552-00430799 somehow infect the nieces and nephews
5rOixsmDk44-02254-00430800-00431039 we'll be so detrimental or ruin our
5rOixsmDk44-02255-00431039-00431175 family
5rOixsmDk44-02256-00431176-00431455 if whoever i get to date one day by that
5rOixsmDk44-02257-00431456-00431679 same reasoning they will never get to
5rOixsmDk44-02258-00431680-00431822 know me
5rOixsmDk44-02259-00431823-00432103 they will never know who i am
5rOixsmDk44-02260-00432104-00432407 who i what i like and will never
5rOixsmDk44-02261-00432408-00432607 know the good person that you think i am
5rOixsmDk44-02262-00432608-00432831 because they won't let them bring their
5rOixsmDk44-02263-00432832-00433047 boyfriend around
5rOixsmDk44-02264-00433047-00433247 and i will say in like in a very nice
5rOixsmDk44-02265-00433247-00433391 moment it felt kind of like a nothing
5rOixsmDk44-02266-00433392-00433607 but net moment in basketball because
5rOixsmDk44-02267-00433608-00433766 then i was just like i don't know where
5rOixsmDk44-02268-00433767-00433966 else the argument is
5rOixsmDk44-02269-00433967-00434279 and it did it took years and i'm so
5rOixsmDk44-02270-00434280-00434414 grateful to report that we've come a
5rOixsmDk44-02271-00434415-00434687 long ways and that they love ken so much
5rOixsmDk44-02272-00434688-00434870 but it felt very significant and it was
5rOixsmDk44-02273-00434871-00435014 just that moment if you love your
5rOixsmDk44-02274-00435015-00435135 children
5rOixsmDk44-02275-00435135-00435359 by your same defense of trying to
5rOixsmDk44-02276-00435360-00435503 protect the family from this
5rOixsmDk44-02277-00435504-00435670 relationship
5rOixsmDk44-02278-00435671-00435839 you are also denying somebody else the
5rOixsmDk44-02279-00435839-00436022 opportunity to get to know your son
5rOixsmDk44-02280-00436023-00436207 or your child
5rOixsmDk44-02281-00436208-00436663 and the reasoning just doesn't work
5rOixsmDk44-02282-00436664-00436999 excellent experience like just
5rOixsmDk44-02283-00437000-00437127 understandable
5rOixsmDk44-02284-00437128-00437327 um
5rOixsmDk44-02285-00437328-00437527 i think is a final question
5rOixsmDk44-02286-00437528-00437727 after after listening to the story and
5rOixsmDk44-02287-00437728-00437927 listening to your experience
5rOixsmDk44-02288-00437928-00438183 my final question would be
5rOixsmDk44-02289-00438184-00438447 was it worth it
5rOixsmDk44-02290-00438447-00438814 was it worth the coming out the pressure
5rOixsmDk44-02291-00438815-00438903 the
5rOixsmDk44-02292-00438904-00439151 ridicule the
5rOixsmDk44-02293-00439152-00439422 questionable
5rOixsmDk44-02294-00439423-00439670 thoughts and actions of family members
5rOixsmDk44-02295-00439671-00439839 was it all worth it
5rOixsmDk44-02296-00439839-00440207 to do all that for this relationship
5rOixsmDk44-02297-00440208-00440470 sarcastic cancer first go for it no just
5rOixsmDk44-02298-00440471-00440566 kidding
5rOixsmDk44-02299-00440567-00440695 no don't eat
5rOixsmDk44-02300-00440696-00440839 don't get emotional
5rOixsmDk44-02301-00440839-00440935 you
5rOixsmDk44-02302-00440935-00441207 can live what might feel like a safe
5rOixsmDk44-02303-00441208-00441343 life
5rOixsmDk44-02304-00441343-00441535 in the closet
5rOixsmDk44-02305-00441535-00441631 um
5rOixsmDk44-02306-00441632-00441766 and at some point you might get brave
5rOixsmDk44-02307-00441767-00442031 enough to open the door of that closet
5rOixsmDk44-02308-00442032-00442414 and come out you know by our common term
5rOixsmDk44-02309-00442415-00442743 what i didn't realize was that
5rOixsmDk44-02310-00442743-00443024 opening this metaphorical closet door
5rOixsmDk44-02311-00443025-00443135 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02312-00443135-00443359 had a lot less to do with me leaving the
5rOixsmDk44-02313-00443360-00443503 closet
5rOixsmDk44-02314-00443504-00443703 and a lot more to do with me opening a
5rOixsmDk44-02315-00443704-00443943 door and allowing people in
5rOixsmDk44-02316-00443943-00444103 um
5rOixsmDk44-02317-00444104-00444359 yes by most commonly understood terms i
5rOixsmDk44-02318-00444360-00444607 came out from a space that was dark and
5rOixsmDk44-02319-00444608-00444814 unhealthy and difficult
5rOixsmDk44-02320-00444815-00444975 but
5rOixsmDk44-02321-00444976-00445214 i didn't arrive to a new place by some
5rOixsmDk44-02322-00445215-00445351 magic or
5rOixsmDk44-02323-00445352-00445543 some relocation i
5rOixsmDk44-02324-00445543-00445743 i was staying where i was but my door
5rOixsmDk44-02325-00445743-00445918 was now open
5rOixsmDk44-02326-00445919-00446039 and
5rOixsmDk44-02327-00446039-00446214 while very few people might have put
5rOixsmDk44-02328-00446215-00446487 distance between me after you know
5rOixsmDk44-02329-00446488-00446710 i shared who i was you know more
5rOixsmDk44-02330-00446712-00446847 authentically
5rOixsmDk44-02331-00446847-00447127 most people showed up for me
5rOixsmDk44-02332-00447128-00447422 and most significantly i opened that
5rOixsmDk44-02333-00447423-00447631 door of my closet to let people in and
5rOixsmDk44-02334-00447632-00447847 it let coal in
5rOixsmDk44-02335-00447847-00447991 and it let cole's
5rOixsmDk44-02336-00447992-00448303 family in to my life and even beyond
5rOixsmDk44-02337-00448304-00448470 that it let
5rOixsmDk44-02338-00448471-00448751 countless numbers of people
5rOixsmDk44-02339-00448752-00449103 enter my life who were just waiting to
5rOixsmDk44-02340-00449104-00449279 offer support
5rOixsmDk44-02341-00449280-00449455 paul and susie ogenstein who hosted that
5rOixsmDk44-02342-00449456-00449703 barbecue where we met
5rOixsmDk44-02343-00449704-00450047 are two among so many people who were
5rOixsmDk44-02344-00450047-00450207 waiting
5rOixsmDk44-02345-00450208-00450414 to enter my life when i opened the door
5rOixsmDk44-02346-00450415-00450591 of my closet
5rOixsmDk44-02347-00450592-00450839 and i got lucky enough
5rOixsmDk44-02348-00450839-00451135 that i met someone who
5rOixsmDk44-02349-00451135-00451335 has
5rOixsmDk44-02350-00451335-00451614 helped guide me through with some really
5rOixsmDk44-02351-00451615-00451839 difficult and insecure paths that i've
5rOixsmDk44-02352-00451839-00452055 had to navigate in my adult life
5rOixsmDk44-02353-00452056-00452270 since coming out
5rOixsmDk44-02354-00452271-00452543 but it was absolutely worth
5rOixsmDk44-02355-00452543-00452783 opening the door of my closet so that
5rOixsmDk44-02356-00452784-00452935 coal
5rOixsmDk44-02357-00452935-00453175 could enter my life
5rOixsmDk44-02358-00453176-00453407 and his family could enter my life
5rOixsmDk44-02359-00453408-00453663 and it's it's almost hard to say like
5rOixsmDk44-02360-00453664-00453951 yes it's just worth it and just just
5rOixsmDk44-02361-00453952-00454222 endure it and go for it like
5rOixsmDk44-02362-00454223-00454543 i'm lucky cole and i are lucky it is it
5rOixsmDk44-02363-00454543-00454775 is not that easy for a lot of people
5rOixsmDk44-02364-00454776-00454991 like it can cost you
5rOixsmDk44-02365-00454992-00455247 the family you know and love it can cost
5rOixsmDk44-02366-00455247-00455535 you the only family you know like i
5rOixsmDk44-02367-00455535-00455879 i see that hard reality around me
5rOixsmDk44-02368-00455880-00456031 and i will be the first to acknowledge
5rOixsmDk44-02369-00456032-00456318 that cole and i are so lucky to sit here
5rOixsmDk44-02370-00456319-00456455 and say
5rOixsmDk44-02371-00456456-00456766 it was worth it because it didn't cost
5rOixsmDk44-02372-00456767-00456918 us that much
5rOixsmDk44-02373-00456919-00457159 and that's a huge blessing and a huge
5rOixsmDk44-02374-00457160-00457343 privilege so for me to say it was worth
5rOixsmDk44-02375-00457343-00457647 it is is relatively simple
5rOixsmDk44-02376-00457647-00457879 because it just didn't
5rOixsmDk44-02377-00457880-00458159 cost us what i know it costs so many
5rOixsmDk44-02378-00458160-00458247 people
5rOixsmDk44-02379-00458247-00458463 but i will say if you're in the closet
5rOixsmDk44-02380-00458464-00458622 and you're terrified of coming out
5rOixsmDk44-02381-00458623-00458759 because you're afraid of what it could
5rOixsmDk44-02382-00458760-00458943 cost you
5rOixsmDk44-02383-00458943-00459151 it's important to realize
5rOixsmDk44-02384-00459152-00459335 that while it may cost you some it will
5rOixsmDk44-02385-00459335-00459583 also allow you to gain
5rOixsmDk44-02386-00459584-00459679 so
5rOixsmDk44-02387-00459680-00459943 much and the hard part is you don't know
5rOixsmDk44-02388-00459943-00460214 what you have to gain truthfully yeah
5rOixsmDk44-02389-00460215-00460375 you can look at people like cole and i
5rOixsmDk44-02390-00460376-00460510 and say well they found each other and
5rOixsmDk44-02391-00460512-00460710 they have supportive families and it all
5rOixsmDk44-02392-00460712-00461007 works out it can
5rOixsmDk44-02393-00461008-00461239 it's not a guarantee and i would love to
5rOixsmDk44-02394-00461239-00461455 sit here and say like once you come out
5rOixsmDk44-02395-00461456-00461647 you have everything to look forward to i
5rOixsmDk44-02396-00461647-00461799 believe the awfulness that i am that you
5rOixsmDk44-02397-00461800-00461935 do
5rOixsmDk44-02398-00461935-00462135 but i also realize like
5rOixsmDk44-02399-00462135-00462383 it might get harder it might be tough
5rOixsmDk44-02400-00462384-00462710 you might be single but if coming out or
5rOixsmDk44-02401-00462712-00462822 going through all this puts you in a
5rOixsmDk44-02402-00462823-00463031 better and healthier space
5rOixsmDk44-02403-00463032-00463255 i expect that if it's something that you
5rOixsmDk44-02404-00463256-00463503 really want that you will find someone
5rOixsmDk44-02405-00463504-00463703 in the right time and the right place
5rOixsmDk44-02406-00463704-00463910 and and that it can work out i'm i'm a
5rOixsmDk44-02407-00463912-00464207 bit romantic i'm a bit idealistic but
5rOixsmDk44-02408-00464208-00464503 like i i think that
5rOixsmDk44-02409-00464504-00464631 if you're afraid to come out because of
5rOixsmDk44-02410-00464632-00464775 what it could cost you it's important to
5rOixsmDk44-02411-00464776-00464863 remember
5rOixsmDk44-02412-00464864-00465118 what you also have to gain
5rOixsmDk44-02413-00465119-00465255 whether that's
5rOixsmDk44-02414-00465256-00465479 a spouse or whether that's just friends
5rOixsmDk44-02415-00465480-00465766 or allies or people who become your
5rOixsmDk44-02416-00465767-00465903 chosen family
5rOixsmDk44-02417-00465904-00466007 um
5rOixsmDk44-02418-00466008-00466175 it does make it worth it when you
5rOixsmDk44-02419-00466176-00466310 realize
5rOixsmDk44-02420-00466312-00466495 how very much you have to gain
5rOixsmDk44-02421-00466496-00466647 it's great advice the only thing i would
5rOixsmDk44-02422-00466647-00466847 add because i obviously of course agree
5rOixsmDk44-02423-00466847-00466983 and i'm grateful to stand where i am
5rOixsmDk44-02424-00466984-00467143 today and to say that i'm very
5rOixsmDk44-02425-00467143-00467351 optimistic towards our future
5rOixsmDk44-02426-00467352-00467510 but i also feel like sometimes these
5rOixsmDk44-02427-00467512-00467814 things and something i said my last
5rOixsmDk44-02428-00467815-00467959 podcast was this idea of the
5rOixsmDk44-02429-00467960-00468135 vulnerability is also writing your story
5rOixsmDk44-02430-00468135-00468383 before the ending is decided
5rOixsmDk44-02431-00468384-00468527 i do feel like
5rOixsmDk44-02432-00468528-00468695 we know that kent and i
5rOixsmDk44-02433-00468696-00468863 the advantage of being in a great
5rOixsmDk44-02434-00468864-00468991 relationship and having the
5rOixsmDk44-02435-00468992-00469118 communication that we do is that we also
5rOixsmDk44-02436-00469119-00469318 know our flaws
5rOixsmDk44-02437-00469319-00469575 ken tonight are very different people
5rOixsmDk44-02438-00469576-00469710 he's clearly the extrovert and i'm
5rOixsmDk44-02439-00469712-00469887 clearly the introvert
5rOixsmDk44-02440-00469888-00470191 but i feel like but we also like we know
5rOixsmDk44-02441-00470192-00470414 our differences i believe we play to our
5rOixsmDk44-02442-00470415-00470591 strengths and that's an ideal situation
5rOixsmDk44-02443-00470592-00470743 but there's also a lot of things that we
5rOixsmDk44-02444-00470743-00470879 get to work through
5rOixsmDk44-02445-00470880-00471022 and i would love to be able to stand
5rOixsmDk44-02446-00471023-00471143 here and be like oh we just know we're
5rOixsmDk44-02447-00471143-00471231 going to spend the whole rest of our
5rOixsmDk44-02448-00471232-00471351 life together and no we don't have you
5rOixsmDk44-02449-00471352-00471527 don't ever get into a relationship to
5rOixsmDk44-02450-00471528-00471695 know that it's going to end
5rOixsmDk44-02451-00471696-00471863 and i pray that it doesn't and i'm
5rOixsmDk44-02452-00471864-00472007 grateful because if there's anything
5rOixsmDk44-02453-00472008-00472151 that i've learned so far is that what we
5rOixsmDk44-02454-00472152-00472335 have is something worth fighting for
5rOixsmDk44-02455-00472335-00472455 and i think specifically in getting
5rOixsmDk44-02456-00472456-00472599 married like we are going to continue
5rOixsmDk44-02457-00472600-00472743 that fight and the idea that we are
5rOixsmDk44-02458-00472743-00472903 going to serve each other
5rOixsmDk44-02459-00472904-00473159 but i also will not be naive to say oh
5rOixsmDk44-02460-00473160-00473263 that we're going to be perfect because i
5rOixsmDk44-02461-00473264-00473383 know we have a lot of struggles and
5rOixsmDk44-02462-00473384-00473479 there's going to be a lot of things we
5rOixsmDk44-02463-00473480-00473687 get to work through
5rOixsmDk44-02464-00473688-00473927 but i feel like i also am extremely
5rOixsmDk44-02465-00473928-00474063 comfortable
5rOixsmDk44-02466-00474064-00474191 confessing the fact that if there's
5rOixsmDk44-02467-00474192-00474359 anybody i imagine in my life doing it
5rOixsmDk44-02468-00474360-00474495 with it's kent
5rOixsmDk44-02469-00474496-00474710 and that feels really good it doesn't
5rOixsmDk44-02470-00474712-00474966 feel counterfeit to me
5rOixsmDk44-02471-00474967-00475110 it isn't thank you
5rOixsmDk44-02472-00475112-00475279 i think that's probably the best way to
5rOixsmDk44-02473-00475280-00475431 end that yeah
5rOixsmDk44-02474-00475432-00475607 thank you both of you for sharing your
5rOixsmDk44-02475-00475608-00475855 story and experience again
5rOixsmDk44-02476-00475856-00475935 yeah
5rOixsmDk44-02477-00475935-00476055 in just a little bit different light
5rOixsmDk44-02478-00476056-00476231 because i think i think your experience
5rOixsmDk44-02479-00476232-00476463 and and what you've shared today uh can
5rOixsmDk44-02480-00476464-00476679 be an opportunity for those who
5rOixsmDk44-02481-00476680-00476927 are navigating this water to see that
5rOixsmDk44-02482-00476928-00477222 there is uh a happy experience there is
5rOixsmDk44-02483-00477223-00477335 there can be light at the end of the
5rOixsmDk44-02484-00477335-00477503 tunnel with or without those rainbow
5rOixsmDk44-02485-00477504-00477759 slippers
5rOixsmDk44-02486-00477760-00478007 that you can make that path um
5rOixsmDk44-02487-00478008-00478207 a little easier for for someone to cross
5rOixsmDk44-02488-00478208-00478414 and maybe even he's a few minds of
5rOixsmDk44-02489-00478415-00478566 mothers out there who worry for their
5rOixsmDk44-02490-00478567-00478743 gay children who
5rOixsmDk44-02491-00478743-00478951 navigate this journey yeah again thank
5rOixsmDk44-02492-00478952-00479095 you thank you for that opportunity thank
5rOixsmDk44-02493-00479096-00479222 you for having us
5rOixsmDk44-02494-00479223-00479383 again we want to thank these guys for
5rOixsmDk44-02495-00479384-00479551 sharing their story and and hope that
5rOixsmDk44-02496-00479552-00479759 you uh felt inspired by the message as
5rOixsmDk44-02497-00479760-00479935 well if you do have a question for kent
5rOixsmDk44-02498-00479935-00480110 or cole and want to
5rOixsmDk44-02499-00480112-00480295 leave that for them or even a comment
5rOixsmDk44-02500-00480296-00480470 and you're on our video version through
5rOixsmDk44-02501-00480471-00480614 facebook or youtube we invite you to
5rOixsmDk44-02502-00480615-00480791 share that below we also invite you to
5rOixsmDk44-02503-00480792-00480966 share this episode if it meant something
5rOixsmDk44-02504-00480967-00481151 to you or if you know someone who could
5rOixsmDk44-02505-00481152-00481343 benefit from their message we invite you
5rOixsmDk44-02506-00481343-00481559 to click the share button and send that
5rOixsmDk44-02507-00481560-00481718 away again the latter day stories
5rOixsmDk44-02508-00481719-00481895 podcast is your opportunity to better
5rOixsmDk44-02509-00481896-00482110 understand the intersection of sexuality
5rOixsmDk44-02510-00482112-00482287 and reality where it meets at the
5rOixsmDk44-02511-00482288-00482655 streets of lgbtq avenue and lds street
5rOixsmDk44-02512-00482656-00482807 again we thank you for giving us a
5rOixsmDk44-02513-00482808-00482927 little bit of your time to better
5rOixsmDk44-02514-00482928-00483118 understand these experiences and know
5rOixsmDk44-02515-00483119-00483295 that it's stories just like this that
5rOixsmDk44-02516-00483296-00483518 help us to continue writing
5rOixsmDk44-02517-00483519-00483853 our latter gay stories
5rOixsmDk44-02518-00483854-00484159 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02519-00484160-00484495 i close my eyes and i can see
5rOixsmDk44-02520-00484496-00484879 the world that's waiting up for me
5rOixsmDk44-02521-00484880-00485087 that i call my
5rOixsmDk44-02522-00485088-00485487 own
5rOixsmDk44-02523-00485488-00485814 through the dark through the door
5rOixsmDk44-02524-00485815-00486175 through where no one's been before
5rOixsmDk44-02525-00486176-00486492 but it feels like home
5rOixsmDk44-02526-00486493-00486743 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02527-00486743-00487283 they can say they can say it all sounds
5rOixsmDk44-02528-00487284-00487583 crazy they can say they can say i've
5rOixsmDk44-02529-00487584-00488039 lost my mind
5rOixsmDk44-02530-00488039-00488310 i don't care i don't care so call me
5rOixsmDk44-02531-00488312-00488670 crazy
5rOixsmDk44-02532-00488671-00488858 we
5rOixsmDk44-02533-00488859-00489599 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02534-00489600-00489951 the brightest colors fill my head a
5rOixsmDk44-02535-00489952-00490566 million dreams are keeping me awake
5rOixsmDk44-02536-00490567-00491870 i think of what the world could be
5rOixsmDk44-02537-00491871-00492135 a million dreams for the world we're
5rOixsmDk44-02538-00492135-00492303 gonna make
5rOixsmDk44-02539-00492304-00492631 there's a house we can build
5rOixsmDk44-02540-00492632-00492999 every room inside is filled
5rOixsmDk44-02541-00493000-00493214 with things from far
5rOixsmDk44-02542-00493215-00493566 away
5rOixsmDk44-02543-00493567-00493983 the special things i compile each one
5rOixsmDk44-02544-00493984-00494237 there to make you smile
5rOixsmDk44-02545-00494238-00495495 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02546-00495496-00495766 they can say they can say we've lost our
5rOixsmDk44-02547-00495767-00496151 minds
5rOixsmDk44-02548-00496152-00496391 i don't care i don't care if they call
5rOixsmDk44-02549-00496392-00496775 us crazy
5rOixsmDk44-02550-00496776-00497260 run away to a world that we desire
5rOixsmDk44-02551-00497260-00497703 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02552-00497704-00497833 the brightest
5rOixsmDk44-02553-00497834-00498075 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02554-00498076-00498632 colors are keeping me away
5rOixsmDk44-02555-00498633-00499007 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02556-00499008-00499975 a vision of the one i see
5rOixsmDk44-02557-00499976-00500247 i'm million dreams for the world we're
5rOixsmDk44-02558-00500247-00500391 gonna make
5rOixsmDk44-02559-00500392-00500727 however big however small
5rOixsmDk44-02560-00500728-00501135 let me be part of it all
5rOixsmDk44-02561-00501135-00501687 share your dreams with me
5rOixsmDk44-02562-00501688-00502022 you may be right you may be wrong but
5rOixsmDk44-02563-00502023-00502391 say that you'll bring me along
5rOixsmDk44-02564-00502392-00503402 to the world you'll see
5rOixsmDk44-02565-00503403-00504031 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02566-00504032-00504375 the brightest colors fill my head a
5rOixsmDk44-02567-00504376-00504579 million dreams that
5rOixsmDk44-02568-00504580-00505125 keep a million dreams a million dreams
5rOixsmDk44-02569-00505126-00505655 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02570-00505656-00506303 a million dreams is all it's gonna take
5rOixsmDk44-02571-00506304-00506571 a million dreams
5rOixsmDk44-02572-00506572-00506855 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02573-00506856-00506941 [Applause]
5rOixsmDk44-02574-00506942-00507105 [Music]
5rOixsmDk44-02575-00507106-00507455 [Applause]
5rOixsmDk44-02576-00507456-00507956 for the world we're gonna make
5rbkPZrmJaI-00000-00000000-00000257 are going to do number five on exam two
5rbkPZrmJaI-00001-00000258-00000470 practice and we're solving natural log
5rbkPZrmJaI-00002-00000471-00000839 of X equals three so a natural log I
5rbkPZrmJaI-00003-00000840-00001064 know that natural log just means log
5rbkPZrmJaI-00004-00001065-00001418 base E so what I can do is I can I can
5rbkPZrmJaI-00005-00001419-00001739 rewrite this as the base to that power
5rbkPZrmJaI-00006-00001739-00002090 equals x e to the third is X so now what
5rbkPZrmJaI-00007-00002091-00002249 I'm going to do is grab my calculator go
5rbkPZrmJaI-00008-00002250-00002465 e to the third power and I'll round it
5rbkPZrmJaI-00009-00002466-00002727 out three decimal places X it's about
5rbkPZrmJaI-00010-00002728-00003331 2008 easy to check to go natural log of
5rbkPZrmJaI-00011-00003332-00003536 20 point zero eight six and you should
5rbkPZrmJaI-00012-00003536-00003790 get about three
5tz1vB07lQY-00000-00009184-00010478 foreign
5tz1vB07lQY-00001-00010479-00010688 you
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00000-00000096-00000463 well hello again from kingston
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00001-00000463-00000743 another week has passed a great deal has
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00002-00000744-00000935 been achieved on the third crossing
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00003-00000936-00001191 so without further delay let's go see
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00004-00001192-00001343 what happened
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00005-00001344-00001671 please like the video if you do
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00006-00001672-00003158 and consider subscribing thank you
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00007-00003159-00003406 the most significant event this week has
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00008-00003407-00003622 probably been the closure of the gap
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00009-00003623-00003767 between the pre-existing steel
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00010-00003768-00003927 structures
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00011-00003928-00004086 of course this all began with the
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00012-00004087-00004311 delivery of the four steel sections
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00013-00004312-00004495 required
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00014-00004496-00004799 as the week drew to a close two had been
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00015-00004800-00004927 installed
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00016-00004928-00005118 and two more await installation early
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00017-00005119-00005203 next week
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00018-00005204-00005343 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00019-00005344-00005551 but before the time came to close the
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00020-00005552-00005702 gap
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00021-00005703-00005886 two more steel sections had already been
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00022-00005887-00006175 installed on monday
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00023-00006176-00006293 and a foggy wednesday
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00024-00006294-00007031 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00025-00007031-00007263 these installations brought another
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00026-00007264-00007334 group of four
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00027-00007336-00007453 girders to completion
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00028-00007454-00008327 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00029-00008328-00008559 thursday morning dawned bright and clear
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00030-00008560-00008751 as preparations got underway
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00031-00008752-00009127 on the first section to close the gap
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00032-00009128-00009359 the beam was quite quickly in the air
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00033-00009360-00009527 and then it was only a matter of turning
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00034-00009528-00009599 it
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00035-00009600-00009883 and maneuvering it to reach its uh given
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00036-00009884-00010787 space
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00037-00010788-00010999 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00038-00011000-00011295 it's in moments like these that the iron
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00039-00011296-00011583 workers really demonstrate their skill
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00040-00011584-00011895 as they coax and ease massive steel
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00041-00011896-00012951 beams into position
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00042-00012952-00013279 sometimes a well-calibrated boot is just
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00043-00013280-00013486 what it takes
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00044-00013487-00013807 while all the steel work was going on
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00045-00013808-00013999 resumption of the delivery of concrete
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00046-00014000-00014271 girders was taking place
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00047-00014272-00015483 but emergency vehicles always take
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00048-00015484-00015587 priority
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00049-00015588-00015775 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00050-00015776-00015950 after the excitement it's just a hop and
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00051-00015951-00016359 a skip across division and down to the
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00052-00016360-00016883 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00053-00016884-00017047 site
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00054-00017048-00017279 the next morning sees the girder brought
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00055-00017280-00017463 down onto the causeway
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00056-00017464-00017703 the cranes are moved into position and
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00057-00017704-00017903 the lift begins
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00058-00017904-00018086 once the hooks are in place the first
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00059-00018087-00018283 order of business is to unshackle the
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00060-00018284-00018479 beams then
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00061-00018480-00018703 in a well practiced and well rehearsed
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00062-00018704-00018822 activity
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00063-00018823-00019079 the beam is lifted by the operators
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00064-00019080-00019407 moved into place on the pedestals
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00065-00019408-00019903 where workers guided into place
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00066-00019904-00020158 the activity was repeated on four more
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00067-00020159-00020343 occasions last week
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00068-00020344-00020558 resulting in the completion of the whole
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00069-00020559-00021303 section between piers 13 and 14.
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00070-00021304-00021486 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00071-00021487-00021758 back at the steel structure on the east
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00072-00021759-00021855 side
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00073-00021856-00022039 the installation of scaffolding cages
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00074-00022040-00022319 allows the iron workers better access
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00075-00022320-00022807 as they secure the new pieces
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00076-00022808-00022999 but filling the gap last thursday with a
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00077-00023000-00023150 single piece
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00078-00023151-00023455 was not enough a second was placed
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00079-00023456-00023775 before midday
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00080-00023776-00023967 the ease with which these pieces are
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00081-00023968-00024078 lodged
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00082-00024079-00024383 so precisely is quite astonishing
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00083-00024384-00024575 and it's never very long before the work
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00084-00024576-00024767 of consolidating and reinforcing them
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00085-00024768-00025283 with struts and braces
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00086-00025284-00025407 begins
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00087-00025408-00025750 elsewhere on the east end work continues
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00088-00025751-00026231 to prepare the abutment for for service
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00089-00026232-00026479 concrete forms are in place and the
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00090-00026480-00026646 assembly of rebar for future
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00091-00026647-00026767 reinforcement
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00092-00026768-00027055 is evident further up the slope the
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00093-00027056-00027287 tomlinson team was busy too
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00094-00027288-00027502 again using hydraulic excavation to
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00095-00027504-00027687 detect utilities
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00096-00027688-00027918 and the arrival of an excavator quickly
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00097-00027919-00028039 became clear when
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00098-00028039-00028231 work began on the preparation of the
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00099-00028232-00029974 roadway that will link to highway 15.
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00100-00029975-00030231 this work is timely because a succession
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00101-00030232-00030302 of trucks
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00102-00030303-00030455 have delivered gravel to the slope
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00103-00030456-00030695 beyond which is worked by a bulldozer
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00104-00030695-00031257 and compactor all week
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00105-00031258-00031662 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00106-00031663-00031902 back on the causeway bridget had another
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00107-00031903-00032014 busy week
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00108-00032016-00032246 supporting work on completing the final
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00109-00032247-00032383 piers
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00110-00032383-00032567 including placement of the girder
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00111-00032568-00032814 bearings on pier 17.
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00112-00032815-00033111 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00113-00033112-00033359 in what seems to be a constantly
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00114-00033360-00033623 accelerating pace of progress
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00115-00033624-00033823 concrete was poured on the pier cap for
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00116-00033824-00034527 pier 12.
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00117-00034528-00034743 it seems appropriate to spend a little
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00118-00034744-00034846 time
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00119-00034847-00035127 looking at the west bank and all the
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00120-00035128-00035311 work that's been put into placing deck
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00121-00035312-00035399 slabs
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00122-00035400-00035830 and sidewalks these reach now
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00123-00035831-00036087 all the way out to the sixth section
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00124-00036088-00036599 where there's an expansion joint
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00125-00036600-00036895 there's evidence too at this end of
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00126-00036896-00036999 preparations
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00127-00037000-00037295 to place the first diaphragms and the
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00128-00037296-00037815 joints between the girder sections
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00129-00037816-00038199 all in all things are going pretty well
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00130-00038200-00038535 helped by clement weather much more
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00131-00038536-00038846 to come but only eight
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00132-00038847-00039190 steel sections remain to be delivered
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00133-00039191-00039455 i think you've all come to expect now
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00134-00039456-00039639 that towards the end
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00135-00039640-00040972 there'll be a little bit of wildlife
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00136-00040973-00041290 [Applause]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00137-00041291-00042271 [Music]
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00138-00042272-00042590 well that was quite a week
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00139-00042591-00042839 you wonder what's in store next week and
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00140-00042840-00043030 if you want to find out
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00141-00043031-00043335 subscribe and click for notifications
5u9Z3xu8Feg-00142-00043336-00043784 thanks for watching
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00000-00000055-00000403 Bulgarian valchek Romanian bal
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00001-00000404-00000663 siq is a Black Sea coastal town and a
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00002-00000664-00000907 seaside resort in the southern de bruja
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00003-00000908-00001233 area of northeastern Bulgaria it is
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00004-00001234-00001503 located in de bridge province 35
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00005-00001504-00001810 kilometers southeast of dobra CH and 42
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00006-00001811-00002143 kilometers northeast of Varna the town
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00007-00002144-00002416 sprawls scenically along hilly terraces
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00008-00002417-00002614 descending from the dough bruja plateau
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00009-00002615-00002998 to the sea it is often called the white
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00010-00002999-00003291 city because of the white color of the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00011-00003292-00003822 hills
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00012-00003823-00004372 topic etymology
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00013-00004373-00004622 the town is named after the medieval
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00014-00004623-00004922 ruler Baalak brother of dobra itza after
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00015-00004923-00005645 whom has named the city of dough bridge
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00016-00005646-00006170 topic history
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00017-00006171-00006464 founded as a Thracian settlement it was
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00018-00006465-00006734 later colonized by the Ionian ancient
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00019-00006734-00006980 Greeks with the name crow Noi ancient
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00020-00006981-00007268 Greek crow Noi renamed as Dian isolus
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00021-00007269-00007531 ancient Greek Dian isalus after the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00022-00007533-00007814 discovery of a statue of Dionysus in the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00023-00007815-00008162 sea later became a Greek Byzantine and
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00024-00008163-00008441 Bulgarian fortress under the Ottoman
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00025-00008442-00008696 Empire the town came to be known with
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00026-00008697-00008924 its present name which perhaps derived
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00027-00008925-00009280 from a gaga's word meaning small town
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00028-00009281-00009590 another opinion is that its actual name
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00029-00009591-00009806 derived from that of a local noble
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00030-00009807-00009957 bollock
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00031-00009958-00010323 after the liberation of Bulgaria in 1878
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00032-00010324-00010578 Baltic developed a center of a rich
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00033-00010579-00010860 agricultural region weed exporting port
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00034-00010861-00011151 and district Oh Kolya town and later as
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00035-00011152-00011397 a major tourist destination with the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00036-00011398-00011741 beachfront resort of Albina to its south
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00037-00011742-00012139 after the second Balkan war in 1913 the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00038-00012140-00012410 town was renamed Bal SiC and became part
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00039-00012411-00012685 of the kingdom of Romania it was
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00040-00012686-00012926 regained by Bulgaria during World War
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00041-00012927-00013409 one 1916 to 1919 but Romania restored
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00042-00013410-00013643 its authority when hostilities in the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00043-00013644-00014057 region ceased in 1940 just before the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00044-00014058-00014312 outbreak of world war ii in the region
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00045-00014313-00014615 Baltic was seated by Romania to Bulgaria
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00046-00014616-00014896 by the terms of the Craiova treaty
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00047-00014897-00015194 during Romania's administration the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00048-00015194-00015410 Baltic Palace was the favorite summer
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00049-00015411-00015691 residence of Queen Marie of Romania and
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00050-00015693-00016003 her immediate family the town as the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00051-00016004-00016259 site of Marie's oriental villa the place
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00052-00016260-00016487 where her heart was kept in accordance
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00053-00016488-00016835 with her last wishes until 1940 when the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00054-00016836-00017072 Treaty of Craiova awarded the region
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00055-00017073-00017189 back to Bulgaria
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00056-00017190-00017497 it was then moved to bran castle in
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00057-00017498-00017653 central Romania
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00058-00017654-00017936 today the Baltic Palace and the adjacent
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00059-00017937-00018194 Baltic botanical garden are the town's
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00060-00018195-00018464 most popular landmarks and a popular
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00061-00018465-00018824 tourist sightseeing destination during
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00062-00018825-00019097 the interwar period Baltic was also a
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00063-00019098-00019337 favorite destination for Romanian
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00064-00019338-00019603 avant-garde painters lending his name to
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00065-00019604-00019765 an informal school of
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00066-00019766-00020000 post-impressionists painters the basic
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00067-00020001-00020234 school of painting which is central in
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00068-00020235-00020519 the development of Romanian 20th century
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00069-00020520-00020825 painting many works of the artists
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00070-00020826-00021041 composing the group depict the town's
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00071-00021042-00021278 houses and the Turkish inhabitants as
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00072-00021279-00021911 well as the sea
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00073-00021912-00022462 topic population
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00074-00022463-00022834 the city's population as 11,000 51
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00075-00022835-00023083 people data from National Statistics
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00076-00023084-00023491 Institute Bulgaria 2018 the total
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00077-00023492-00023781 population of Baltic municipality as
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00078-00023782-00024119 19,000 331
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00079-00024120-00024389 according to an estimate by Bulgarian
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00080-00024390-00024665 historian Rana gavrilova the Bulgarian
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00081-00024666-00025028 population before 1878 was only around
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00082-00025029-00025355 10% the ethnic composition has gradually
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00083-00025356-00025631 changed from mostly gaga's and tatar
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00084-00025632-00025914 turkish to predominantly Bulgarian
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00085-00025916-00026264 according to the latest 2011 census data
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00086-00026264-00026501 Baltics ethnic composition as the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00087-00026502-00026862 following Bulgarians
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00088-00026863-00028062 7900 1670 2.9% Turks 1715 15.8% gypsies
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00089-00028063-00029182 950 48.8% others 191 1.8% indefinable 79
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00090-00029183-00030377 0.7% undeclared 755 6 5%
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00091-00030377-00031242 topic culture
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00092-00031243-00031706 topic art
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00093-00031707-00032132 held each year since 1991 the process
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00094-00032133-00032452 space art festival is an annual
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00095-00032454-00032639 International Festival of Contemporary
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00096-00032639-00032999 Art which takes place over two weeks in
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00097-00033000-00033356 June boltchak Palace also hosts in the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00098-00033357-00034090 palace international short film festival
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00099-00034091-00034582 topic music
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00100-00034583-00034971 held annually each summer since 2006 in
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00101-00034972-00035205 the nearby town of qivana the kvarner
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00102-00035206-00035490 Rock Fest hosts top name bands for a
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00103-00035491-00035821 three-day festival previous acts have
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00104-00035822-00036121 included Motorhead Twisted Sister Motley
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00105-00036122-00036457 Crue scorpions Alice Cooper deep purple
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00106-00036458-00036682 and the Michael Schenker Group since a
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00107-00036683-00036954 few years the major has cancelled the
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00108-00036955-00037290 HTTP colon slash slash en dot
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00109-00037291-00037648 wikipedia.org slash wiki slash kvarner
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00110-00037649-00037918 underscore rock underscore fest due to
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00111-00037919-00038570 different music preference
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00112-00038571-00039078 topic sports
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00113-00039079-00039323 Balch ik is becoming well-known
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00114-00039324-00039585 internationally as a golfing destination
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00115-00039586-00039894 there are three 18-hole Championship
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00116-00039895-00040107 golf courses within the local vicinity
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00117-00040108-00040419 two designed by Gary player Thracian
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00118-00040420-00040752 cliffs GC and black sarama GC and one
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00119-00040753-00041111 designed by Ian woosnum lighthouse GC a
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00120-00041112-00041457 fourth 18-hole golf course as currently
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00121-00041458-00042134 in the planning stages
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00122-00042135-00042649 topic trivia
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00123-00042650-00042991 Francis Ford Coppola spent 11 days at
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00124-00042992-00043210 the Baltic Palace shooting scenes of
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00125-00043211-00043549 Youth without youth Baltic Ridge in
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00126-00043550-00043924 Antarctica is named after the town
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00127-00043925-00044194 the currently unused baltic airfield as
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00128-00044195-00044392 envisaged to be prepared for low-cost
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00129-00044393-00044824 airlines especially from russia famous
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00130-00044825-00045073 Turkish poet Nazim hikmah wrote his
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00131-00045074-00045421 well-known poem ma vie Lehmann the blue
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00132-00045422-00046029 port in Baltic
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00133-00046030-00046741 topic twin towns and sister cities
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00134-00046742-00047068 ball chick is twinned with arm you
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00135-00047069-00047569 tailin turkey sue Lulu turkey bran
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00136-00047570-00048121 Romania manga Leah Romania star Allah
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00137-00048122-00048706 Bhavna Slovakia hag furs Sweden says in
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00138-00048707-00048855 Poland
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00139-00048856-00049683 tambóv Russia Gallic Russia
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00140-00049684-00050407 topic gallery
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00141-00050408-00050583 you
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00142-00050584-00051142 topic see also
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00143-00051143-00051846 decree of dionysus Baltic Palace Albina
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00144-00051847-00052111 Bulgarian Black Sea coast
5ubUmDR6H1Y-00145-00052112-00052762 dobe rich province equals equals notes
5vqy5I3iQJy-00000-00000014-00000284 this tutorial will continue learn how to
5vqy5I3iQJy-00001-00000285-00000488 pre-process the data so the first step
5vqy5I3iQJy-00002-00000488-00000680 is to load the data from the amnesty
5vqy5I3iQJy-00003-00000681-00000937 data set we already have the connection
5vqy5I3iQJy-00004-00000938-00001208 from the Kaos API to its m-miss so what
5vqy5I3iQJy-00005-00001209-00001618 we had to do is load the data remember
5vqy5I3iQJy-00006-00001619-00001841 we'll be doing a benchmark on data
5vqy5I3iQJy-00007-00001842-00002282 loading as well so we create the start
5vqy5I3iQJy-00008-00002283-00002542 for a stopwatch and stop off stopwatch
5vqy5I3iQJy-00009-00002543-00002789 by the end of this video tutorial series
5vqy5I3iQJy-00010-00002790-00003158 you can see the benchmark results the
5vqy5I3iQJy-00011-00003159-00003356 next step is to visualize a sample of
5vqy5I3iQJy-00012-00003357-00003538 data because you need to know how the
5vqy5I3iQJy-00013-00003539-00003895 data looks like so what I have done is I
5vqy5I3iQJy-00014-00003896-00004106 have taken a hundred training sample and
5vqy5I3iQJy-00015-00004107-00004429 its corresponding label so this is a
5vqy5I3iQJy-00016-00004430-00004756 variation of five let's check out 100
5vqy5I3iQJy-00017-00004757-00005231 then first one it's a variation of
5vqy5I3iQJy-00018-00005232-00005675 writing seven so likewise there are lots
5vqy5I3iQJy-00019-00005676-00005986 of other variations of writing number
5vqy5I3iQJy-00020-00005987-00006284 three number seven number zero like us
5vqy5I3iQJy-00021-00006285-00006439 from number zero to number nine there
5vqy5I3iQJy-00022-00006440-00006776 will be tons of other combinations which
5vqy5I3iQJy-00023-00006777-00007035 we can use to represent a given number
5vqy5I3iQJy-00024-00007036-00007348 the next step is to identify how many
5vqy5I3iQJy-00025-00007350-00007655 unique labels are there basically we
5vqy5I3iQJy-00026-00007656-00007862 should only have ten levels because we
5vqy5I3iQJy-00027-00007863-00008059 have the numbers from zero to ten zero
5vqy5I3iQJy-00028-00008061-00008384 to nine so there will be ten numbers so
5vqy5I3iQJy-00029-00008385-00008753 we will check the unique samples in
5vqy5I3iQJy-00030-00008754-00009014 Whiterun so we have like hundreds of
5vqy5I3iQJy-00031-00009015-00009203 zeros hundreds of threes hundreds of
5vqy5I3iQJy-00032-00009204-00009481 fives but we want to know how many
5vqy5I3iQJy-00033-00009482-00009809 unique numbers are there so that's how
5vqy5I3iQJy-00034-00009810-00010241 we do with numpy it says there are ten
5vqy5I3iQJy-00035-00010242-00010562 unique numbers that's true we only have
5vqy5I3iQJy-00036-00010563-00010919 values from zero to nine the next step
5vqy5I3iQJy-00037-00010920-00011110 is to convert data this data into
5vqy5I3iQJy-00038-00011111-00011384 another data format which will be useful
5vqy5I3iQJy-00039-00011385-00011660 in training the data set this is called
5vqy5I3iQJy-00040-00011661-00011867 converting this into a one hot vector
5vqy5I3iQJy-00041-00011868-00012080 this is a question that you need to ask
5vqy5I3iQJy-00042-00012081-00012401 in a future assignment you need to go
5vqy5I3iQJy-00043-00012402-00012617 through the lecture series that's
5vqy5I3iQJy-00044-00012618-00012866 provided for deep learning and maybe you
5vqy5I3iQJy-00045-00012866-00012963 can do
5vqy5I3iQJy-00046-00012964-00013138 search and you can read articles and
5vqy5I3iQJy-00047-00013138-00013369 papers and you can understand why you
5vqy5I3iQJy-00048-00013369-00013650 need to use a one hot vector that one we
5vqy5I3iQJy-00049-00013651-00013881 discuss in this lecture so be prepared
5vqy5I3iQJy-00050-00013882-00014146 to answer this question so in this step
5vqy5I3iQJy-00051-00014147-00014530 we will be creating a one hot vector for
5vqy5I3iQJy-00052-00014531-00014971 training and testing labels so from Y we
5vqy5I3iQJy-00053-00014972-00015228 represent the labels and here from the X
5vqy5I3iQJy-00054-00015229-00015550 we represent these features which have
5vqy5I3iQJy-00055-00015551-00016219 the data for any given image let's run
5vqy5I3iQJy-00056-00016219-00016600 this one next part is to reshape the
5vqy5I3iQJy-00057-00016601-00016864 image the importance of reshaping the
5vqy5I3iQJy-00058-00016865-00017236 image is merely to make the network were
5vqy5I3iQJy-00059-00017237-00017572 readable so here the size of this image
5vqy5I3iQJy-00060-00017573-00017902 is 28 by 28 pixels so you have a matrix
5vqy5I3iQJy-00061-00017903-00018156 of 28 by 28 to represent this number
5vqy5I3iQJy-00062-00018157-00018408 three what you can do is you can create
5vqy5I3iQJy-00063-00018409-00018759 a slice with just single slice of data
5vqy5I3iQJy-00064-00018760-00019114 by making this a vector so you can stack
5vqy5I3iQJy-00065-00019115-00019486 all these vectors in one line and create
5vqy5I3iQJy-00066-00019487-00019789 one vector which has the dimensionality
5vqy5I3iQJy-00067-00019790-00020500 of 1 x 7 8 4 7 8 4 meaning 28 x 28 so we
5vqy5I3iQJy-00068-00020501-00020880 reshape the input shape the next
5vqy5I3iQJy-00069-00020881-00021150 important step is to normalize the data
5vqy5I3iQJy-00070-00021151-00021397 normalizing is a very important step in
5vqy5I3iQJy-00071-00021398-00021667 creating any statistical model machine
5vqy5I3iQJy-00072-00021668-00021861 learning model or deep learning model
5vqy5I3iQJy-00073-00021862-00022153 the main reason is that in images the
5vqy5I3iQJy-00074-00022154-00022474 values pixel values range from 0 to 255
5vqy5I3iQJy-00075-00022475-00022794 so we need to normalize this because of
5vqy5I3iQJy-00076-00022795-00023144 this variation so what we simply do is
5vqy5I3iQJy-00077-00023145-00023459 load the data and convert it to the
5vqy5I3iQJy-00078-00023460-00023800 expected image size which is the input
5vqy5I3iQJy-00079-00023801-00024061 size that we recommended here to use and
5vqy5I3iQJy-00080-00024062-00024464 then we make it as the flow type using
5vqy5I3iQJy-00081-00024465-00024925 numpy API and we divided by 255 to
5vqy5I3iQJy-00082-00024926-00025080 normalize it there are better ways to
5vqy5I3iQJy-00083-00025081-00025362 normalize the values and you can find
5vqy5I3iQJy-00084-00025363-00025702 such phase and report in the Simon let's
5vqy5I3iQJy-00085-00025702-00025987 run that step in the next step let's
5vqy5I3iQJy-00086-00025988-00026197 learn how to create
5vqy5I3iQJy-00087-00026198-00026431 chaos model to build a neural network
5vqy5I3iQJy-00088-00026432-00026674 and then we'll be training and testing
5vqy5I3iQJy-00089-00026675-00027013 and see how our model works
5vLCjuUhhQM-00000-00000016-00000238 tell me what democracy looks like this
5vLCjuUhhQM-00001-00000239-00000852 is what democracy
5vLCjuUhhQM-00002-00000853-00001918 [Music]
5vLCjuUhhQM-00003-00001919-00002215 the town is finding one of the longest
5vLCjuUhhQM-00004-00002216-00002423 and biggest pipelines in the world and
5vLCjuUhhQM-00005-00002424-00002647 this pipeline is running through my
5vLCjuUhhQM-00006-00002648-00002879 country uganda it's running through my
5vLCjuUhhQM-00007-00002880-00003110 country to tanzania and so many
5vLCjuUhhQM-00008-00003111-00003327 households are going to be lost so many
5vLCjuUhhQM-00009-00003328-00003495 people are going to lose their
5vLCjuUhhQM-00010-00003496-00003622 livelihoods
5vLCjuUhhQM-00011-00003623-00003895 listening and danger this is a danger to
5vLCjuUhhQM-00012-00003896-00004006 us this is
5vLCjuUhhQM-00013-00004007-00004127 this is
5vLCjuUhhQM-00014-00004128-00004283 this is leading us to a point of
5vLCjuUhhQM-00015-00004284-00004543 destruction so we are here to demand
5vLCjuUhhQM-00016-00004544-00004806 judges we are here to tell your child to
5vLCjuUhhQM-00017-00004807-00006534 stop echo
5vLCjuUhhQM-00018-00006536-00006791 totally to stop funding
5vLCjuUhhQM-00019-00006792-00007070 east africa football fighter we call
5vLCjuUhhQM-00020-00007072-00007172 upon
5vLCjuUhhQM-00021-00007173-00008006 [Music]
5vLCjuUhhQM-00022-00008008-00008631 we cannot drink
5vLCjuUhhQM-00023-00008632-00010487 now
5vLCjuUhhQM-00024-00010488-00011103 this is
5vLCjuUhhQM-00025-00011104-00012636 [Music]
5yvbFl502ky-00000-00000000-00000924 [Music]
5yvbFl502ky-00001-00000925-00001212 research in private school settings
5yvbFl502ky-00002-00001213-00001428 suggests that children actually learn
5yvbFl502ky-00003-00001429-00001738 about the alphabet that's phonemes or
5yvbFl502ky-00004-00001739-00002071 sounds graphemes letters through play
5yvbFl502ky-00005-00002072-00002407 based experiences and shared reciprocal
5yvbFl502ky-00006-00002408-00002697 conversations with adults as well
5yvbFl502ky-00007-00002698-00003022 research also suggests that children can
5yvbFl502ky-00008-00003023-00003181 actually learn about alphabet letters
5yvbFl502ky-00009-00003182-00003363 and sounds for what we call intentional
5yvbFl502ky-00010-00003364-00003685 teaching that's not explicit instruction
5yvbFl502ky-00011-00003686-00003925 it's where maybe working with a group of
5yvbFl502ky-00012-00003926-00004197 children say a child's name is Tom and
5yvbFl502ky-00013-00004198-00004474 we might sort of start talking about the
5yvbFl502ky-00014-00004475-00004725 sound tooth as in Tom and the letter T
5yvbFl502ky-00015-00004726-00005034 so therefore the educator is actually
5yvbFl502ky-00016-00005035-00005241 introducing the letter introducing the
5yvbFl502ky-00017-00005242-00005382 sound but actually in a meaningful
5yvbFl502ky-00018-00005383-00005677 context for the child when we're looking
5yvbFl502ky-00019-00005678-00005863 at alphabetic literacy it's the
5yvbFl502ky-00020-00005864-00006229 awareness of the sounds and print in the
5yvbFl502ky-00021-00006230-00006525 English language alphabetic literacy is
5yvbFl502ky-00022-00006526-00006745 quite complex for young children to
5yvbFl502ky-00023-00006745-00006955 learn and it can take children a long
5yvbFl502ky-00024-00006956-00007221 time to develop this particular arm
5yvbFl502ky-00025-00007222-00007480 skill village title teachers can also
5yvbFl502ky-00026-00007481-00007747 recognize teachable moments and when
5yvbFl502ky-00027-00007748-00007888 they find these teachable moments they
5yvbFl502ky-00028-00007889-00008050 can actually use that time to do
5yvbFl502ky-00029-00008051-00008272 intentional teaching of alphabetic
5yvbFl502ky-00030-00008273-00008655 literacy so for example early childhood
5yvbFl502ky-00031-00008656-00009100 educators can be reading a book you
5yvbFl502ky-00032-00009101-00009256 might come up with the words swish swash
5yvbFl502ky-00033-00009257-00009478 swoosh and the educators can actually
5yvbFl502ky-00034-00009479-00009804 draw attention to these sounds like
5yvbFl502ky-00035-00009805-00010186 swish and Sally that has that same sound
5yvbFl502ky-00036-00010187-00010582 as you as well some of the strategies
5yvbFl502ky-00037-00010583-00010789 that kindergarten teachers can use in
5yvbFl502ky-00038-00010790-00010975 the kindergarten years to teach
5yvbFl502ky-00039-00010976-00011344 alphabetic literacy is for example
5yvbFl502ky-00040-00011345-00011668 reading alphabet books to children or
5yvbFl502ky-00041-00011669-00011848 they can actually make their own
5yvbFl502ky-00042-00011849-00012049 alphabet books and I think that's what's
5yvbFl502ky-00043-00012050-00012295 really important because not all our
5yvbFl502ky-00044-00012296-00012460 four-bit books are specifically designed
5yvbFl502ky-00045-00012461-00012708 to teach sound and letter
5yvbFl502ky-00046-00012709-00013054 correspondences so for example if you've
5yvbFl502ky-00047-00013055-00013308 got the letter A in an alphabet book you
5yvbFl502ky-00048-00013309-00013491 might actually have an image of an
5yvbFl502ky-00049-00013493-00013734 astronaut a lot of children would maybe
5yvbFl502ky-00050-00013735-00013897 think it's a space person or it's
5yvbFl502ky-00051-00013897-00014208 basement so we need to be very careful
5yvbFl502ky-00052-00014209-00014238 of the
5yvbFl502ky-00053-00014240-00014413 actual children in our context in our
5yvbFl502ky-00054-00014413-00014697 classroom that they actually have that
5yvbFl502ky-00055-00014698-00014944 understanding first - same with the
5yvbFl502ky-00056-00014944-00015160 commercially produced alphabet charts
5yvbFl502ky-00057-00015161-00015330 that you'll often see in kindergarten
5yvbFl502ky-00058-00015331-00015525 environments the children can actually
5yvbFl502ky-00059-00015526-00015711 make their own alphabet charts and
5yvbFl502ky-00060-00015712-00015922 drawing the images that are meaningful
5yvbFl502ky-00061-00015922-00016069 to them so that way we're actually
5yvbFl502ky-00062-00016069-00016291 making the linking of that specific
5yvbFl502ky-00063-00016291-00016471 sound in that letter something that
5yvbFl502ky-00064-00016472-00016705 actually the child can put into a
5yvbFl502ky-00065-00016706-00016908 context that they'll actually understand
5yvbFl502ky-00066-00016909-00017221 and it's not so abstract I think the
5yvbFl502ky-00067-00017222-00017391 main thing that we need to remember that
5yvbFl502ky-00068-00017392-00017747 research says that quality kindergarten
5yvbFl502ky-00069-00017748-00018067 environments are ones where educators
5yvbFl502ky-00070-00018068-00018241 are providing a language rich
5yvbFl502ky-00071-00018242-00018411 environment that there's lots of
5yvbFl502ky-00072-00018412-00018609 opportunities for conversations and
5yvbFl502ky-00073-00018610-00018773 interactions
5yvbFl502ky-00074-00018774-00019274 [Music]
5-Uthi6RVVg-00000-00000269-00000546 mr. Kellogg should we ban vaping in
5-Uthi6RVVg-00001-00000547-00000815 public places like pubs and restaurants
5-Uthi6RVVg-00002-00000816-00001035 no I don't think we don't think we
5-Uthi6RVVg-00003-00001036-00001152 should I think it'd be quite
5-Uthi6RVVg-00004-00001153-00001407 counterproductive I mean we want if we
5-Uthi6RVVg-00005-00001408-00001581 want to encourage people to quit smoking
5-Uthi6RVVg-00006-00001582-00001767 you need to encourage these products and
5-Uthi6RVVg-00007-00001768-00001922 vape fans would have the opposite effect
5-Uthi6RVVg-00008-00001923-00002121 would make people think that they're
5-Uthi6RVVg-00009-00002122-00002324 dangerous which is the opposite message
5-Uthi6RVVg-00010-00002325-00002469 of what we want yeah that was gonna ask
5-Uthi6RVVg-00011-00002470-00002624 about that I mean how dangerous are they
5-Uthi6RVVg-00012-00002625-00002862 how much of a risk is there to health
5-Uthi6RVVg-00013-00002863-00003219 with vaping well the Royal College of
5-Uthi6RVVg-00014-00003220-00003347 Physicians and public health England
5-Uthi6RVVg-00015-00003348-00003570 have looked into the evidence and and
5-Uthi6RVVg-00016-00003571-00003813 they tend to believe that there at least
5-Uthi6RVVg-00017-00003814-00004119 95 percent safer than smoking possibly
5-Uthi6RVVg-00018-00004120-00004290 more but they're very reserved and
5-Uthi6RVVg-00019-00004291-00004587 conservative about it so they are a much
5-Uthi6RVVg-00020-00004588-00004761 safer alternative to the reality is
5-Uthi6RVVg-00021-00004762-00004938 they're still so new we don't actually
5-Uthi6RVVg-00022-00004939-00005283 know do we well there was a lot of
5-Uthi6RVVg-00023-00005284-00005694 research ongoing and and so far the the
5-Uthi6RVVg-00024-00005695-00005892 research has come up with pretty
5-Uthi6RVVg-00025-00005893-00006054 positive results and these things are
5-Uthi6RVVg-00026-00006055-00006267 always involving is this is there such a
5-Uthi6RVVg-00027-00006268-00006438 thing as passive vaping though because
5-Uthi6RVVg-00028-00006439-00006669 you you sit near one of these people and
5-Uthi6RVVg-00029-00006670-00006837 they seem to make these enormous clouds
5-Uthi6RVVg-00030-00006838-00007179 of smoke as if they enjoy doing that it
5-Uthi6RVVg-00031-00007180-00007287 can't be very healthy
5-Uthi6RVVg-00032-00007288-00007484 well again public health England says
5-Uthi6RVVg-00033-00007486-00007784 that there is there's no actual or
5-Uthi6RVVg-00034-00007784-00007998 anticipated harm to bystanders from
5-Uthi6RVVg-00035-00007998-00008303 vaping the cloud thing is probably a
5-Uthi6RVVg-00036-00008304-00008514 netiquette issue more than anything you
5-Uthi6RVVg-00037-00008515-00008799 know no I didn't mean yeah vapor should
5-Uthi6RVVg-00038-00008800-00008985 be considerate but if they're using high
5-Uthi6RVVg-00039-00008986-00009198 powered devices that give off big clouds
5-Uthi6RVVg-00040-00009199-00009330 of vapor they should think maybe should
5-Uthi6RVVg-00041-00009331-00009468 think twice about doing that in public
5-Uthi6RVVg-00042-00009469-00009750 places but but starter kits and sort of
5-Uthi6RVVg-00043-00009751-00009891 things that people use it to initially
5-Uthi6RVVg-00044-00009892-00010046 give up smoking they really very little
5-Uthi6RVVg-00045-00010047-00010194 vapor at all so where young people are
5-Uthi6RVVg-00046-00010195-00010395 doing it to be trendy and fashionable or
5-Uthi6RVVg-00047-00010396-00010677 is it is it genuinely helping people to
5-Uthi6RVVg-00048-00010678-00010923 stop smoking well when you say young
5-Uthi6RVVg-00049-00010924-00011106 people it's important to remember that
5-Uthi6RVVg-00050-00011107-00011337 that most of them you know the vast
5-Uthi6RVVg-00051-00011338-00011625 majority of people using vaping kit and
5-Uthi6RVVg-00052-00011626-00011823 any cigarettes former smokers so that's
5-Uthi6RVVg-00053-00011824-00011919 a good thing
5-Uthi6RVVg-00054-00011920-00012138 it might be something that's that's
5-Uthi6RVVg-00055-00012139-00012369 trendy but you know it's much better
5-Uthi6RVVg-00056-00012370-00012573 than if they would take up smoking so in
5-Uthi6RVVg-00057-00012574-00012860 a word vaping in public places should
5-Uthi6RVVg-00058-00012861-00013163 continue yeah in fact in you could make
5-Uthi6RVVg-00059-00013165-00013286 an argument that it could be it should
5-Uthi6RVVg-00060-00013287-00013518 be encouraged because if you want to
5-Uthi6RVVg-00061-00013519-00013703 show difference between vaping which is
5-Uthi6RVVg-00062-00013704-00013971 95% safer according to the evidence and
5-Uthi6RVVg-00063-00013972-00014193 smoking then you want to have some sort
5-Uthi6RVVg-00064-00014194-00014412 of encouragement or enticement for
5-Uthi6RVVg-00065-00014413-00014613 people to try them mr. Collett very good
5-Uthi6RVVg-00066-00014613-00014709 to talk to you tonight thank you very
5-Uthi6RVVg-00067-00014710-00015051 much take your time thank you